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UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from

Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries

http://www.archive.org/details/proceedingsofmee115188590hols

PROCEEDINGS OF

THE FIRST MEETING

HOLSTEIN - pRIESIAN ASSOCIATION

OF AMERICA.

HELD AT BUFFALO, NEW YORK,
MAY 26, 1885.

ALSO. THE

by-l/1ws of the association,
Report of J|irst Jj^eeting of the ]1oard of Officers,

RULES REGULATING THE ADVANCED REGISTRY, AND A
LIST OE MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION.

Iowa City, Iowa:

1885.

G> 3 w • (L L»

H11 f>

OFFICERS OF THE

]|olstein -jfniesictn Association of J^mepica.

KOR 1885 = 6.

President, THERON G. YEOMANS, . Walworth, N. Y.

First Vice-President, F. W. PATTERSON, M.D., . Locheam, Md.
Second Vice-President, W. M. SINGERLY, . . . Philadelphia, Penn.

Third Vice-President, GEO. F. JACKSON, . . Minneapolis, Minn.
Fourth Vice-President, F. C. STEVENS, . . . Attica, N. Y.

Treasurer, W. C. BRAYTON, . . Syracuse, N. Y.

Directors for Two Tears.

GERRIT S. MILLER, .... Peterboro, N. Y.

C. W. HORR, Wellington, Ohio.

C. R. PAYNE, . . ... . . Hamilton, N. Y.

Directors for One Tear.

WING R. SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

W. G. POWELL, ..... Springboro, Penn.

E. M. WASHBURN, ..... Lenox Furnace, Mass.

Superintendent of Advanced Registry,
S. HOXIE, Whitestown, N. Y.

Secretary and Editor,
THOMAS B. WALES, Jr., . . . Iowa City, Iowa,

A. J. Hershire & Co., Printers, Iowa Citv, Iowa.

FIRST MEETING

Holstein-Friesian Association

OF AMERICA,

AT BUFFALO, N. Y., MAY 26, 1885.

The members of the Holstein Breeders' Association of America, and of
the Dutch-Friesian Herd-Book Association of America, met together at the
Genesee Hotel, Buffalo, New York, at two o'clock p. m., May 26th, 1S85, to
act upon the following report of the joint committee of the two associations in
regard to a union :

REPORT OF COMMITTEE.

At a meeting of the joint committee of the Holstein Breeders' Association
of America and the Dutch-Friesian Herd-Book Association of America, held at,
the Genesee, Buffalo, New York, April 16th, 1SS5, the following resolutions
for the consolidation of the two associations were adopted unanimously by the
said committees:

Resolved, That a new association shall be formed, to be called the " Holstein-
Friesian Association of America;"

That the officers shall consist of one President, a First, Second, Third and
Fourth Vice-Presidents, one Secretary and Editor, and six Directors, and such
other officers and directors as may be provided for bv the By-Laws of the
association ;

That in other particulars the features of the charters of the two previous
associations, so far as they are similar, be incorporated in the charter of the
new association ;

That where there are differences between the charters of the two previous
associations, we leave it to the discretion of the Committee on Legislation to
adjust them ;

That the obtaining of the necessary charter and legislation shall be put into
the hands of a committee of four, consisting of two gentlemen belonging to the
Holstein Association and two belonging to the Dutch-Friesian Association,
with the instruction that thev brine about this result within six weeks from

4 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. {May, iSSj.]

Tuesday last, and, if in so doing, they meet with legal obstacles, they be fully
authorized to vary from the regulations so as to overcome those obstacles ; that
the committee shall consist of T. G. Yeomans, Dr. F. W. Patterson, Thomas
B. Wales, Jr., and S. Hoxie;

That the same committee be instructed to recommend By-Laws, Rules and
Regulations that they may deem necessary for the adoption of the new associ-
ation, at the meeting to be held six weeks from Tuesday last;

That the present registration go on until after this last named meeting and
the election of the officers of the new association, and cease then ;

That each association turn over all funds, properties, archives and effects
that remain in their possession after paying all indebtedness of their associa-
tion, and that if legislation is necessary in order to enable the association to do
so that the committee above referred to have the power to perfect such
legislation ;

That the expenses of this committee shall be paid out of the general fund ;

That the new association establish a thorough system of advance registra-
tion;

That the two associations agree that no imported animals be received for
registration that were shipped from Holland on or after March 18th, 1885,
excepting by the payment of the fees required by the Holstein Association ;

That the offspring of cattle registered in either of the present Herd- Books
shall be entitled to pedigree registration in the Herd-Books of the Holstein-
Friesian Association ;

That our committee be instructed to procure the charter in the names of all
the officers of the two present associations and of all other members of said
two associations;

That we, the undersigned, pledge ourselves to use our influence with the
associations to which we severally belong to procure the organization of the
new association on the plan embodied in the foregoing.

[Signed] George M. Emrick, M.D.

William Brown Smith.
T. G. Yeomans.
M. L. Sweet.
Thomas B. Wales, Jr.
F. W. Patterson, M.D.
C. W. Horr.

E. R. Phillips.

F. C. Stevens.
Cornelius Baldwin.
Watkins G. Powell.
S. Hoxie.

George F. Jackson.
C. R. Payne.

PROCEEDINGS

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: Gentlemen, for the purpose of organizing and per-
fecting the union of the two societies, I will nominate for temporary Chairman,
Dr. F. W. Patterson.

The motion was carried.

Dr. F. W. Patterson, on taking the chair, spoke as follows: Gentlemen
of the society of Holstein-Friesian Breeders — I thank you for the high honor
you confer upon me to-day, and I congratulate you as breeders of thorough-
bred cattle, that for the first time all the interests that are vested in these cattle
are to-day one. We have come together mutually, feeling for each other that
respect which we have learned in years past. It is not necessary for me now
to make any address to you. The object we have before us, as I understand it,
is to perfect the consolidation which has been agreed upon through committees
appointed by the individual associations. The joint committee met in due
form and entered into an agreement. I understand the committees are ready
to report. Then we will know formally as soon as they have reported that the
report of the joint committee, or the action of the joint committee is ratified,
and we will be ready to proceed to business.

In order to expedite proceedings, it will be best for the Secretaries to be
appointed.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr., and Mr. S. Hoxie were duly elected Temporary
Secretaries.

Dr. F. W. Patterson : Gentlemen, in order that we may act consistently,
it is perhaps well for us to know in our collective capacity, the result of the
action of the two associations. Of course we all know from individuals,
what has been done, yet formally I would like the report of the two committees
from the two associations to be made now to this body as as a whole, and to
that end I will call first upon the Holstein Association, or the chairman of the
committee, or Secretary, or President, to report what action has been taken
to-day upon the report of the conference committee.

Mr. T. G. Yeomaxs: Mr. Chairman, the action of the Holstein committee
in the session this forenoon was to ratify wholly the proceedings of the joint
committee and the recommendations. I thought a committee had been
appointed to. advise your association, and to notify the President of your
association, transmitting the reports.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: Is the committee appointed by the Dutch-
Friesian Association ready to report?

Mr. Irwin Langworthy: Mr. Chairman, in behalf of the Dutch-
Friesian Association, I offer the following resolution, which was offered by Mr.
E. R. Phillips, of Michigan:

6 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

Resolved, That we adopt the basis of union proposed by the joint committee
of the Holstein Association, and the Dutch-Friesian Herd-Book Association;
that we approve of the action of the committee as to uniting the membership of
both associations; and that we accept and adopt that charter so far as it is
possible for us to do in our capacity as a separate organization.

Dr. F. W. Patterson : I see it is very plain the two associations have
ratified, so far as in their power, the action of the two associations, or of the
joint committee. That committee put before the legislature of New York a
charter to be passed for the organization of the new Holstein- Friesian Associ-
ation. The resolutions have ratified tha;t. I would like to have that charter
read in order that we may intelligently know how to proceed in the future.

The Secretary read to the meeting the charter:

CHAPTER 333.

AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIA-
TION OF AMERICA.

Passed May 25, 1885; three-fifths being present.

The People of the State of Nezv York, represented hi Senate and Assembly, do
enact as follows:

Section i. Theron G. Yeomans, William M. Singerly, William C. Bray-
ton, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Gerrit S. Miller, Frederick C. Stevens, Wing R.
Smith, J. D. Guthrie, Frederick L. Houghton, Francis W. Patterson, Wayne
Macveagh, G. M. Emrick, George F. Jackson, H. H. Hatch, William H.
Hemmingway, Daniel D. Durnall, Irwin Langworthy, John B. Tuckerman,
Charles R. Payne, Robert Burch, E. R. Phillips, Solomon Hoxie, and all other
members of the present " Holstein Breeders' Association of America," and
"The Dutch-Friesian Herd-Book Association of America," and all other
persons at any time hereafter duly associated as provided by the By-Laws with,
or succeeding them, under and for the purposes of this charter and act of
incorporation, are hereby organized and constituted a body corporate and are a
corporation under and by the name of the " Holstein-Friesian Associa'ion of
America," for the purpose of improving the breed of Holstein-Friesian cattle;
ascertaining, preserving and disseminating, as provided by its By-Laws, all
useful information and facts as to their pedigrees and desirable qualities, and
the distinguishing characteristics of the best specimens, and preparing, publish-
ing and supplying all necessary volumes of the Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book;
and generally for promoting and securing the best interests of the importers,
breeders and owners of said cattle, and thereby the public generally; and for
the purposes and to attain the objects aforesaid, said corporation is hereby
given all necessary power, authority and rights, including the powers, and
subject to the liabilities prescribed by title three, chapter eighteen, part one of
the Revised Statutes.

Sec. 2. The officers of said association shall be a President and four Vice-
Presidents, to be designated as first, second, third and fourth, one Secretary
and Editor, six Directors, and such other officers as mav be provided for by the
By-Laws of this association; and said officers shall respectively perform the

1 88s-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 7

duties imposed upon them by the By-Laws. Said officers shall be elected by
ballot from and by its members at its first meeting, and thereafter at its annual
meeting to be held on the third Wednesday of March, of each and every year,
in the city of Buffalo, at its place of business, or other convenient time or place
fixed by the By-Laws and duly designated by the Secretary in his notice by
mail to members of such meeting.

Sec. 3. Said corporation shall issue its certificate of membership signed by
its President and Secretary and sealed with its corporate seal, to each of its
lawful members, which certificate shall not be transferable, and shall be
evidence of membership, and shall entitle its owner, while a member in good
standing, to vote personally, or by proxy, at its meetings, and to all the
privileges and advantages of such membership. But said corporation may
cancel any certificate and forfeit and terminate any membership, and all rights
and privileges arising therefrom, for his willful disobedience or evasion of
its By-Laws, or other rules and regulations, and for any wrongs committed by
him against said corporation or its property, interest or rights ; which forfeiture
and eviction shall be cumulative to any other legal remedy said corporation
may have against such evicted member.

Sec. 4. Said corporation may hold such other meetings, in addition to said
annual meeting, and said annual meetings may be held at such other places
than Buffalo, as provided by its By-Laws.

Sec. 5. The By-Laws of said corporation shall be made and adopted by a
majority of its members voting personally, or by proxy, at the first regular
meeting held under the provisions of this act. Said By-Laws may be altered,
amended or repealed at any annual meeting by a like vote of its members.

Sec. 6. At the first regular meeting of said corporation, its members shall
agree upon and adopt its corporate seal.

Sec. 7. All property, rights and interests of said " Holstein Breeders'
Association of America," and "The Dutch-Friesian Herd-Book Association of
America," of every name or nature, shall, by virtue of this act, vest in and
become the property of this corporation.

Sec. S. No debts or pecuniary obligations shall be incurred by this corpora-
tion except duly authorized by a previous two-thirds vote of all its members.

Sec. 9. Upon the organization of this association and election of its officers
in pursuance of this act, the associations formed under chapters four hundred
and forty-seven of the laws of eighteen hundred and eighty, and two hundred
and seven of the laws of eighteen hundred and eighty-two, shall cease to exist.

Sec. 10. This act shall take effect immediately.

STATE OF NEW YORK,
Office of the Secretary of State,

I have compared the preceding with the original law on file in this office,
and do hereby certify that the same is a correct transcript therefrom and of the

whole of said original law.

JOSEPH B. CARR,

Secretary of State.

8 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

Dr. F. W. Patterson: Gentlemen of the association, upon reading this
last section, " upon the organization of this association and election of its
officers in pursuance of this act, the associations formed under chapter 447 of
the laws of 18S0 and 207 of the laws of 1882 shall cease to exist," in order to
complete the ratification of the action of this committee and form a new
association, the first business in hand is the election of officers, and on the
election of officers depends and hinges all our future proceedings. Therefore,
the chair is ready to entertain the question of the election of officers.

Mr. J. D. Guthrie: First comes the question of the charter.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: The election of officers ratifies the charter in so
many words.

A motion was made and carried that a committee of five from each former
association be appointed for the nomination of officers.

The chair appointed the following committee: W. B. Smith, G. S. Miller,
F. C. Stevens, C. W. Horr, H. E. Boardman, S. Burchard, G. F. Jackson, W.
I. Phillips, Irwin Langworthy, and Mr. Wheeler.

An informal recess was taken until the report of the committee should be
presented, and the meeting was afterwards called to order by the chairman.

Dr. F. W. Patterson : It has been suggested that we have some business
to transact now. It can be gone through with without the committee. As
soon as the committee on nominations report, the question of voting will be
moved.

A motion was made to appoint a committee of five to examine proxies.

Mr. J. W. Stillwell: Before that motion is acted upon, I desire to say a
few words. There is a question in the minds of a great many of us here at
this meeting to-day whether any proxies can be used at this meeting or not —
whether a proxy is valid that has been given for an organization that does not
exist. A good many of us think the officers of this association should be
elected by the members of the association that are here.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: The proxies were given in contemplation of this
new association coming into existence.

A Member : I happen to know that some of the proxies given in the
Holstein Breeders' Association were intended by those who have them not
only to cover the meeting of the Holstein Association, but also the combined
meeting of the new association.

Mr. W. G. Powell: The charter provides for that, I think.

Secretary reads: "The By-Laws of said corporation shall be made and
adopted by a majority of its members voting personally, or by proxy, at the
first regular meeting held under the provisions of this act. Said By-Laws
may be altered, amended or repealed at any annual meeting by like vote of its
members."

A Member : Does not that refer to the first meeting after this has been
adopted — and this constitution has been adopted — by the association? If I
mistake not, it does.

Mr. J. D. Guthrie: The same question might arise whether anybody

1885.} HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 9

had the right or not. According to the argument produced by the gentleman,
it is no organization. The proxies given were intended to cover that point,
and if my proxy has no right to vote on this question, then I have not.

The Chairman : The Secretary will call the roll and the gentlemen can
report their proxies.

Mr. Isaac C. Otis : It seems to me we can perfect no organization
according to your decision until this committee report. When this committee
have reported, we have accepted the charter. We cannot act under that
charter until it is accepted.

The Chairman: The election of officers makes the acceptance or com-
pletes the organization. We have informally ratified the whole thing. Now,
to complete the legal organization,' we are to elect officers. Then comes the
question how we are to elect officers and who are to vote for officers.

Mr. Isaac C. Otis: We cannot do anything until we have elected
officers.

A Member : This is for the purpose of gathering in the proxies so that
when the time comes we can decide on them.

The respective Secretaries called the rolls of the former associations, show-
ing to be present in person, sixtv-six members, and by attorney, one hundred
and fifty-five ; in all, two hundred and twenty-one members.

A motion was made that a committee of three be appointed to examine the
proxies, and the chairman appointed as such committee, Messrs. Lamb,
Singerly, and Wheeler.

Mr. S. Hoxie: I wish to refer to the matter of membership of the two
Associations. According to our former rules we received honorary members
to all the privileges of the association, except voting. As I understand it the
Holstein Association received honorary members, and gave them the privi-
lege of voting. Now, why ought not our honorary members have the privilege
of voting in this new association, so as not to have two classes of members?
If the honorary members of the Holstein Association have all the rights and
privileges of the whole association, our honorary members should have as a
matter of equity and justice.

Mr. J. D. Guthrie: I think under the new association we ought to make
no rules permitting that privilege. If the honorary members have been voting
in our association, they have not been voting in this.

Dr. E. Lewis Sturtevant: I am an honorary member, and I do not
think an honorary member would desire to vote. He is not the owner of
these cattle, and I do not think he has any justifiable right to vote. I think it
would better satisfy the honorary members not to have the privilege of voting,
if there is any question about it.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I think it is a matter of legal construction. Our
charter stipulates who have the right to organize. It is for our chairman to
construe that as to whether that includes or excludes honorary members, and
any gentleman may appeal from his judgment.

The Chairman: My own opinion is this, judging from the course pursued
in the Dutch-Friesian Association, where it w^as stipulated, that a man, though

10 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

he is a member, could not vote unless he is the owner of cattle, that they
ought not to vote. Honorary members are ordinarily men who are noted for
their taste and knowledge, and the advantage they have been to cattle breeders,
and most of them are not owners of cattle. I should therefore decide that no
man, though he may be an honorary member of either association, can vote at
this preliminary organization, unless he is the owner of cattle. If any one
desires to appeal from the decision, I will put the question.

Mr. S. Hoxie: I certainly do not want any appeal. I simply wanted it
discussed and decided.

The report of the Committee on Nominations was announced.
Mr. Smith : Mr. Chairman, your Committee on Nominations have had
considerable on hand and have tried to consider all sides, the different
localities, etc., and they finally arrived at the conclusion which our Secretary
will be kind enough to read.

The Secretary read as follows:

" Your Committee on Nominations respectfully present the following
names, for officers of the Holstein-Friesian Association :

President, T. G. Yeomans.

First Vice-President, Dr. F. W. Patterson.

Second Vice-President, .... W. M. Singerly.
Third Vice-President, .... George F. Jackson.

Fourth Vice-President, . . . . F. C. Stevens.

for directors.

G. S. Miller, two years. Wing R. Smith, one year.

C. W. Horr, two years. M. L. Sweet, one year.

C. R. Payne, two years. E. M. Washburn, one year.

For Secretary and Editor, . . . Thomas B. Wales, Jr.
For Treasurer, ..... W. C. Brayton."

The report was accepted.

A motion was made that the chairman be instructed to cast the ballot of the
association for Mr. T. G. Yeomans for President.

The motion was carried.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: Gentlemen of the association, I have the pleasure
to announce the vote of this association for President is unanimously for Mr.
T. G. Yeomans. I therefore declare Mr. T. G. Yeomans President of this
permanent organization. I have the honor to introduce to you Mr. T. G.
Yeomans, President of the Holstein-Friesian Association.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: Gentlemen, I thank you sincerely for this expres-
sion of your confidence; it is more gratifying to me as signalizing the cement-
ing of the two organizations into one association. I had the pleasure of
serving only for a few days — only for a day, I might say, because since my
election to the Presidency of the Holstein Association I had no opportunity of
serving until to-day. But it is a greater pleasure since the interests of these
joint associations have seemed to be so harmoniously united. The action of
your joint committee several weeks since at this place gave me the assurance,

i88j.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. II

as I trust it did all others who attended upon the meetings of that com-
mittee, that this joint organization would be accomplished harmoniously.
The fact that it has been accomplished in this very agreeable and harmonious
manner gives the greatest assurance that the result will be successful and
prosperity will attend our efforts for the attainment of the objects of the
association. I am fully satisfied that every interest of every member of both
associations will be promoted by this union. I am unable to see how any
individual member of either association can feel otherwise than friendly to the
union which is about to be consummated here to-day.

I think most of us who have given much attention to the breed of cattle
which this organization is intended to promote and propagate have felt a grow-
ing interest in that breed of cattle ; I believe that most of us have been
surprised in finding the development of those animals in production, not only'
of milk, but of butter. It has been long conceded by all parties that had any
knowledge of this breed of cattle that they were great milkers. It is begin-
ning to be understood that they are the greatest of all butter-makers. There
can be no question on this point, I think, on the part of those who have
investigated that part of the subject thoroughly.

I will not occupy your attention by any further remarks. I will await
your pleasure in regard to the further proceedings of this organization.

Mr. Elon G. Fay : I now move that the President of the association be
instructed to cast the vote of this meeting for the balance of the ticket reported
by the committee.

On motion, Mr. Thomas B. Wales, Jr., and Mr. S. Hoxie were appointed
tellers.

Mr. E. G. Fay: I renew my motion that the President cast the vote for
the other officers.

An amendment was proposed that the tellers be instructed to take the votes
by ballot from individuals.

Mr. W. R. Smith: I think this is a bad precedent to establish — not that
I have any special objection to the ticket; I may have and I may not. I have
several proxies on which I have been instructed to vote in certain ways. I
think we ought to vote for each individual officer.

Mr. J. W. Stillwell: L cannot see why there should be any objection
now to the President or some individual casting the ballot for this whole
ticket. I must acknowledge that I do not see what we have come here for
and have our proxies for, if there is nobody that can be put in nomination
except by the five men who bring in a ticket which we must swallow whether
we want to or not.

Mr. W. R. Smith: The By-Laws specify the way in which the vote shall
be cast.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: The report of the committee is not conclusive.
Any gentleman of the association has the privilege of nominating a candidate
for any of the officers to be elected. (The amendment proposed by Mr.
W. R. Smith was carried, and then the preceding motion as amended was
adopted.)

12 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

The President : The chair is of opinion -we cannot proceed to ballot until
the Committee on Proxies have reported.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: I move the President cast a ballot for Mr. F.
W. Patterson as First Vice-President of this association.

Adopted, and Dr. F. W. Patterson declared elected First Vice-President.

Mr. Isaac C. Otis: I move the President cast the vote of the association
for Mr. W. M. Singerlj for Second Vice-President.

Mr. W. R. Smith: Mr. President, Mr. Singerly knows very well that I
shall vote for him with the greatest pleasure, so I think this is a good oppor-
tunity to explain my position. I want to say right here that I do not think it
is a good idea to proceed in this manner. Some of us are doing simply what
we voted we would not do. This is not giving a member an oppoiTunity to
vote against any one that may be nominated. We may be in favor of all the
ticket and we may not. This is establishing a precedent which I think is bad.
I am compelled to call for the ayes and noes on that question.

A Al ember : As long as we have only one name suggested, I do not see
the necessity of quibbling over this nonsense. It seems to me a mere quibble
to occupy the valuable time of this whole meeting in this way. If anybody
wishes to nominate some one else, let them name them.

Further discussion was here suspended to receive the report of the Com-
mittee on Proxies.

The report showed one hundred and fifty-six proxies in the list accepted by
the committee.

The President : On consultation with the chairman of the committee, I
will say that the Committee on Proxies are not yet prepared to report. They
have not got their report in form.

The report of the Committee on Proxies was received and corrected.

The President : I will say to the members of the association, that whilst
the Committee upon Nominations have presented their report in full, it does
not preclude any individual member or any number from presenting the
names of other candidates for any of the offices. It is entirely proper before
proceeding to ballot, for any member to propose any name for any one of the
offices, either substitute it for the name presented or placing it in opposition to
the other.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: It is very unpleasant to make a nomination in
opposition to a report handed in. Now, take this course, for instance, take a
list of directors, if any one wishes to nominate any one man, or two men, or
any number of men on the Board of Directors outside of that list as handed in
by the committee, he has the privilege of nominating any name as a Director
simply. The three men who obtain the highest number of votes among all
the nominees, should be the men to hold the office for the two years. The
next three should hold the position as Directors for one year. That obviates
the unpleasantness of nominating a man in opposition to any particular name.

77/r President : The suggestion is a good one, but under the report of the
committee, they report these specific names, and it would change that some-

i88s-} HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION 13

what, but if you were taking one at a time of course, the highest on each
ballot would receive the nomination.

Mr. J. W. Stillwell: I think the officers should be divided between the
two associations also, and that they should be equally distributed geograph-
ically. I do not think it is proper, just or fair, although the proxies of the
people of the west and southwest are principally held by eastern men. You
may go and do the same thing that was done at Chicago, and leave the west
out entirely, which made us feel very sore. We had no representative on the
Board of the Holstein Breeders' Association ; and by a scratch we have got
one man now in the central part of the state. I think it would be nothing
more than just and right that these officers should be scattered along from
Iowa to Massachusetts, and from Tennessee to Michigan or Wisconsin.

Mr. Isaac C. Otis: While it may be proper and right to do that, it
would be rather impracticable if they wanted to call a meeting of the Board of
Directors to get them together from Iowa and Massachusetts, and Tennessee
and Michigan. While, if they were located in some locality nearer together,,
they might be got together.

Mr. C. W. Horr: In order to follow out the suggestion, I will put in
nomination a worthy brother of the Holstein-Friesian Association, Thomas M.
Spofford, of Pulaski, Tennessee. I think the south is deserving a worthy
representative. They have a large interest in that section of the country, and
I think it is no more than right, as he is a young man full of vim and ability
and a good breeder. I hope he will be one of the Directors for two years.

Mr. T. M. Spofford: Permit me to thank my friend for his kindly
expressed opinion of me, but I appreciate full)- the weight of the remarks that
Mr. Otis has just made, my long distance from this state, which would
render it almost impossible to discharge the duties of the office. I must there-
fore decline the nomination, with many thanks for the zeal of my friend.

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller: As a member of the nominating committee, I
will say that Ave considered in regard to localities, and if Mr. Stillwell or
anybody interested will examine it, he will see that we represent Iowa, Michi-
gan, Illinois, New York, Massachusetts, and Minnesota.

Mr. J. W. Stillwell: I fail to see where there is any man nominated
from the south.

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller: Our First Vice-President is from Maryland.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: I will nominate Mr. J. D. Guthrie for Director.

The President : Properly if you are taking them in the order in which
they are presented by the committee, we are acting in reference to Vice-
President at present.

A Member : Is not all this out of order? Haven't we passed a resolution
to confer the right upon the chair to appoint a committee to make nomina-
tions? Now, that resolution has been passed; the chair acted accordingly.
The nominations have been made. Now, unless that resolution and that vote
are rescinded, can they go on and make other nominations? It seems to me
that must be rescinded first.

14 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

The President : The chair is of opinion the committee having made nomi-
nations does not preclude any individual from making nominations. They
have presented the nominations they thought would be acceptable to the
association, but it does not preclude the association from changing that in any
manner they see fit.

Mr. F. C. Stevens : Taking you on your own statement, I think my
friend, Mr. Hill, is in order. You said that he could make nominations
for any office that he sees fit, and he has made a nomination for Director, and
you ruled him out on the ground that we are now considering the question of
Vice-President.

The President : I think you will see that a fair construction of my expres-
sion would be that as we come to the nominees for the different offices, that is
in the order of the time; but I do not think it will be in order to take some one
from the bottom of the list.

Mr. S. Hoxie: It seems to me we have mixed two methods of election
together. There are two forms for the election of officers, one by a nominating
committee and another by individual nominations. The method of procedure
in individual nominations is first to take an informal ballot. Then the men are
put in nomination, and you take your formal ballot. Now, it seems to me you
are mixing it up, and it is going to take a great deal of valuable time, and
perhaps not result in a satisfactory conclusion in the end.

A Member : Of course the committee was appointed by the chair. That
was the expression of the meeting. They reported a list of officers for election.
The motion was made to accept the report of the committee. That was, that
the officers were agreeable to the association.

Dr. F. W. Patterson : If the gentleman will pardon me, I will announce
what my decision was. It was simply accepting the report of the committee.
We had just accepted their services. Then we were to take further action
hereafter. We did not accept what the committee had done.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: Mr. Chairman, in regard to the question of proxies.
I believe it is a conceded fact that there are not enough members here
a4together without the use of the proxies to constitute a meeting. We have
proxies enough among the members to make a majority. In order to conduct
the business properly, the majority must rule. I do not understand how it is
that you propose to throw out by a minority vote the proxies which constitute
the majority.

The President : The chair is of the opinion that we cannot proceed any
further with balloting until the committee reports.

Mr. E. G. Fay: In order to see if we can expedite matters a little, I would
move that it is the sense of this meeting that unless some other person is put in
nomination for the office of Second Vice-President, that the gentleman who
called for the ayes and nays on the question be requested to withdraw that
motion; and I move as the sense of this meeting that the meeting request the
gentleman who called for the ayes and nays on the question to instruct the
President to cast the vote for Mr. W. M. Singerly as Second Vice-President of
this association.

/<?#.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 15

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I have a proxy instructing me to vote for one man
representing the Holstein Association for one office and the Dutch-Friesian
Association for another office. Now, I have no opportunity to do anything of
that kind by this method. I insist on the ayes and nays.

The President : The Secretary now has the report of the Committee on
Proxies, which may be referred to at any time when the count is taken.

The balloting was proceeded with, and the following officers were duly
elected:

For Second Vice-President, . . . W. M. Sixgerly.
For Third Vice-President, .... George F. Jackson.
For Fourth Vice-President, . . . F. C. Stevens.

FOR DIRECTORS.

G. S. Miller, two years. Wing R. Smith, one year.

C. W. Horr, two years. W. G. Powell, one year.

C. R. Payne, two years. E. M. Washburn, one year.

For Secretary and Editor, . . . Thomas B. Wales, Jr.

For Treasurer, ...... W. C. Brayton.

Mr. J. D. Guthrie: I move that when this association finally adjourns,
that we adjourn to meet at Cleveland, Ohio. It is a long way to come here
from Iowa, from Tennessee, and from Missouri. We in the west have been
giving our proxies to eastern men, and you have been voting to carry us
wherever you please. We have only had one western meeting in six or seven
years.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: As I have told Mr. Guthrie, in private con-
versation, my opinion is, if he were to investigate, he would find that a very
large majority, four-fifths at least of the Holstein-Friesian Association will be
found east of the west line of New York. But in deference to the gentlemen
of the association who are in the west and south, and whose feelings I can
appreciate, I second Mr. Guthrie's motion.

The motion was carried.

77ie President : Gentlemen, you have now elected your officers, and so
far completed the organization.

I congratulate you from the bottom of my heart that the thing is an accom-
plished fact, and I announce to you the death of the Holstein Association of
America and the Dutch-Friesian Association, and I announce also the birth of
that young child, the Holstein-Friesian Association of America; it has already
been christened, and it bids fair to grow and to be one of the strongest associ-
tions in America.

We have some other work to do to carry out your ideas, such as the com-
pletion of the By-Laws and adoption of rules, etc.

A motion was made to adjourn until 7:30 this evening, which was carried.

16 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

PROCEEDINGS, 7:30 P. M., May 26, 1SS5.

President Yeomans : Gentlemen, the first thing in order is to look into
the By-Laws, and if it is desired, the Secretary will read the report of the com-
mittee that had charge of that arrangement. The joint committee that met
here some six weeks ago for the two associations, appointed a sub-committee,
consisting of Dr. F. W. Patterson, Mr. Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Mr. S. Hoxie,
and myself to prepare, in the rough, something in the form of By-Laws to
present for the consideration of the new association. The Secretary will
proceed to read, by sections, for the consideration of the association.

The Secretary read " By-Laws proposed by the joint committee of the
Holstein and Dutch-Friesian Associations, for adoption by the Holstein-
Friesian Association of America."

ARTICLE I. OF MEMBERSHIP.

Section i. "Any person of good character, who is a citizen of North
America, interested in the breeding of Holstein-Friesian cattle, and the owner
of such, may apply for membership in this corporation by filing a written or
printed application, in such form as the Board of Officers may prescribe, with
the Secretary, with the membership fee of one hundred dollars. The form of
application for membership shall give the applicant's name in full, his residence
and post-office address, and such other particulars as the Board of Officers may
require."

Adopted.

Sec. 2. " Every application for membership shall be submitted to the con-
sideration of the Board of Officers, and if, in their judgment, the applicant is
eligible for membership, and ought to be admitted as a member of this corpora-
tion, and a unanimous vote of the Board of Officers present to that effect is
passed, his name shall be entered on the record as a member, and the Secretary
shall issue a certificate of membership to him."

Adopted.

Sec. 3. "Any member of the corporation may at any time withdraw and
terminate his membership, by returning his certificate of membership to the
Secretary, with a letter expressing his wish and intention to terminate his
membership."

Adopted.

Sec. 4. "Any member of this corporation who shall be found guilty of any
misrepresentation, deception, or fraud in relation to the registry of animals in
the Holstein-Friesian Herd- Book, shall forfeit his membership in the corpora-
tion."

Adopted.

Sec. 5. " Each member of the corporation shall be entitled to one copy of
each volume of the Herd-Book published after his admission, which shall be
forwarded to his address as soon as convenient after its publication."

Mr. WlNG R. SMITH: I do not know whether I am right in speaking
about it, but I think inasmuch as they pay one hundred dollars admission fee,

i88s-] HOLSTEIN-FRTESIAN ASSOCIATION. 17

that for the present at least they ought to have the whole set of volumes of the
Herd-Books — I mean a man just starting in. I don't think we should oblige
him to pay a dollar or two dollars and a half a volume.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: There is one thing to be considered; we are
working not only for to-daj*, but for years to come. The time will come when
we will have a great many volumes. When we made this draft of By-Laws, we
were looking into the future, and considering the large number of volumes
which will ultimately be produced.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I do not make any motion about it. I don't know
whether I care for it. I simply wanted it brought up.

The section ivas adopted.

ARTICLE II. OF THE OFFICERS.

Section i. "The officers of this corporation shall consist of a President
and four Vice-Presidents, to be designated as first, second, third and fourth,
one Secretary and Editor, one Treasurer, and six Directors, who shall consti-
tute the Board of Officers of this corporation. There shall be three Directors
elected at the first meeting for the term of one year, and three for the term of
two years. Thereafter at each annual meeting there shall be three Directors
elected to serve for the term of two years. The Board of Officers shall
appoint inspectors of imported cattle with power to remove for cause and to fill
vacancies."

Adopted.

Sec. 2. "The Board of Officers of this corporation, as a Board, shall have
and take the entire control and management of its affairs and business, with
full power and authority to do what they deem proper and best for its interest,
provided that they shall have no authority to contract a debt or obligation
against the corporation beyond its current expenses. And in such case, not
beyond the amount of cash in the treasury, and that nothing shall be done
which is not in accordance with the purpose and spirit of the charter and
By-Laws."

Adopted.

Sec. 3. "At any meeting of the Board of Officers, which is duly called, a
majority of its members shall constitute a quorum for business.""

Adopted.

Sec. 4. "A legal meeting of the Board of Officers of this corporation may
be held at any time and place, when and where all the members of the Board
are present together and agree to hold a meeting, and all votes and acts done
at such meeting shall have the same validity and effect as they could have if
passed and done at a regularly called meeting."

Adopted.

Sec. 5. "A meeting of the Board of Officers shall be held on the day of the
annual meeting of the members, and a meeting may be called by the Presi-
dent or Secretary, or by any — "

18 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I would suggest, as an amendment, that in order
to call a meeting, a majority of the members of the Board should join instead
of any two members of the Board.

Mr. T. B. Wales, Jr.: The President has the power and the Secretary
has the power to call a meeting. I think the suggestion is a proper one, that
it require a majority of the Board to call a meeting.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: I should be inclined to have it a majority of the
Board, exclusive of the President or Secretary, because if either of them join,
it would be sufficient.

Mr. S. Hoxie: I would suggest that it be called by the President or
Secretary, or a majority of the Directors. It strikes me that would be
judicious. I will move to amend by inserting "a majority of the Directors"
instead of " by any two members of the Board."

The amendment was adopted. Section 5, as amended, was adopted.

Sec. 6. " Notice calling special meetings of the Board of Officers shall be
given by the person calling the meeting, in writing, setting forth the date and
place of meeting, and. the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is to be
held, and no other business than that specified in the notice shall be acted
on, unless all the members of the Board of Officers are present."

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: It seems to me that provides for no business
except that specified in the call, to be acted on.

Mr. C. W. Horr: There might be some special matter come up, some
incidental matter, which it would be proper to act upon.

Dr. F. W. Patterson : The effort is made, if there should be any special
meeting, to prevent any undue legislation. Care must be taken of that; and
unless the full Board are present, they cannot take up any new matter, other-
wise a minority Board might possibly get something through that would be
difficult to get rid of.

Section 6 ivas then adopted.

Sec. 7. "Members of the Board of Officers cannot vote by proxy at meet-
ings of the Board, but any member of the Board who cannot attend a duly
called meeting, may address a letter to the Board of Officers, in which
he may discuss the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, and
state how he will vote on the question or questions which may come before
the meeting under the notice, and such letter and such votes shall be read in
the meeting, and the votes shall be counted and have the same effect as they
would if the member was personally present and voted."

Adopted.

Sec. S. "All notices or calls for meetings of the Board of Officers shall be
recorded at length in the Record- Book of the corporation, and the substance of
all letters from members of the Board, containing votes on matters set forth in
the notice calling the meeting, shall also be recorded; and such letters shall be
kept on file, and all proceedings had and votes passed at meetings of the Board
of Officers shall be fully set forth ami recorded in the Record-Book."

. idopted.

i88j.\ HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. , 19

Sec. 9. "The President shall preside at all meetings of the members of the
corporation, and all meetings of the Board of Officers, when he is present; and
when he is absent or unable to perform the duties of the office, the Vice-
President shall act in his stead. The president shall sign all certificates of
membership which may be issued." '

Mr. C. W. Horr: I would suggest the words "a Vice-President" instead
of " the Vice-President."

Amendment accepted and section g adopted.

Sec. 10. " The Treasurer shall be the custodian of cash, funds and securities
belonging to the corporation, and shall deposit, invest, or otherwise dispose of
the same, as the Board of Officers may direct. He shall give a bond with
sureties to the satisfaction of the Board of Officers, when required to do so by

them."

Mr. J. D. Guthrie: Is that right, "that the Treasurer shall invest?" He
might make very injudicious investments.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr. : This is under the direction of the Board, sir.
I would suggest one change in this matter, that the words " when required to
do so by them " be left off, making it to read, " he shall give a bond with
sureties to the satisfaction of the Board of Officers," making it compulsorv for
him to give it.

The amendment xvas accepted^ and section 10 then adopted.

Sec. 11. " The Secretary shall be the corresponding and recording officer of
the corporation, and shall receive and attend to, and dispose of, as the charter
and By-Laws require, all applications for membership in the corporation, all
applications for registry of animals in the Herd-Book, and all applications for
transfer registry of animals in the Herd-Book, and shall sign and issue all
certificates of membership and registry, and of transfer registry, and shall keep
a record of all such certificates issued."

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr.: Mr. President, I think it is proper for the
Secretary to be given authority to purchase, as he may think proper, books and
stationery, pay the office rent, etc., of the association. Under these By-Laws
he has no authority whatever. I would suggest we add this clause, " he is
authorized to expend such sums as he may find necessary for the carrying on
of the business of the association.

Amendmcfit accepted; section 11 then adopted as amended.

Sec. 12. "He shall edit and publish the Herd-Book at such times and in
such form as the Board of Officers may direct."

Adopted.

Sec. 13. " He shall issue notices of the time and place of the annual meet-
ing of the members of the corporation, and of special meetings of the members
which the Board of Officers may order to be called; but no amendments to the
charter or By-Laws shall be proposed or made at any meeting, either annual
or special, unless thirty days' notice has been given by the secretary in the call
for such meeting-."

20 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

Mr. C. W. Horr : I think it should be " except at an annual meeting."
Why should we tie pur hands in that way ? I do not see why, at our regular
annual meeting, we should be tied up. I move that it be made to read,
" except at the annual meeting."

Mr. Fred. L. Houghton: These By-Laws constitute every rule of our
action, and consequently they are the basis of all acts of the association. It
seems to me very necessary that they be upon the firmest basis, and not subject
to change at short notice, or anything that may be called up in any meeting.
Some unadvisable measure may be called up at the annual meeting and pushed
through hastily without consideration. I think the By-Laws should not be
subject to amendment unless full notice has been given in the call for the
meeting at which such amendment is to be brought up. It is the basis of our
whole organization, and should be carefully protected.

Mr. J. D. Guthrie: It has no reference to a change of By-Laws. They
have no power to call the meeting at present — to call a meeting as it reads
now. I think they should have that power in case of emergency, which the
Board of Directors should arrange. With that By-Law reading as it does now,
we should have no power.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: Oh, yes, you can, by the Secretary giving thirty
days' notice, but in that notice you must state what amendments -are to be
made to the By-Laws. I think it is perfectly proper. We should not amend
these things without due consideration, and you cannot consider it in much
less than thirty days.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr. : I would move that we insert after the word
" notice " the words, " of such proposed amendments," reading, then, "but no
amendments to the charter or By-Laws shall be proposed or made at any
meeting, either annual or special, unless thirty days' notice of such proposed
amendments has been given by the Secretary in the call for such meeting."

Mr. E. G. F^y: I would like to inquire whether, if any member of the
association should desire to have some change made in the By-Laws or charter,
the Secretary would be under obligation to incline that in his notice?

The Chairman: Yes, sir; that is the understanding.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Of course all we want is to do the wisest thing we can.
I quite see the force of the remarks the gentleman makes, that the amendment
should be well considered and digested. At the same time we have all assem-
bled here without notice, and are adopting all our By-Laws in perhaps one
brief session, and yet you are not willing to allow us to make a slight modifica-
tion at a subsequent annual meeting, which will be more largely attended.

The Chairman : The chair will correct the last gentleman. We have all
had thirty days' notice of what we intended to give. The By-Laws are part of
the ''i;4anization.

Mr. C. W. Horr : I received no notice of the character of the By-Laws.

The Chairman: No; but it embraces the whole basis of the organization.
At the meeting of the joint committee, which was more than thirty days ago,
this meeting was appointed to be held more than thirty days later, in order that
the thirty days' notice required under the rule should be given.

1 88s-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 21

Mr. C. W. Horr: What we want — and especially Mr. F. L. Houghton
and myself — is to avoid a chance for a technical dispute. As that reads now,
it seems to me too strong. You come here under the notice that you are
going to propose an amendment to the By-Laws. It seems to me, as that
reads now, you cannot vary that at all. The exact proposed amendment must
be adopted or nothing. When we get together we will have our hands tied.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: This is the point I make: There are thirty days'
notice to be given of the proposed amendment, giving thirty days to digest it
and think up some other form, so you can correspond with your neighbors or
see your friends, and you have a right to suggest any modification of it, if you
know that anj* such thing is to happen.

A Member: Strike out the word "such," and I think that would meet the
objection.

Mr. J. D. Guthrie: I think this can be easily remedied by inserting that
no amendment of the By-Laws shall be made unless it be at an annual meeting
of the association.

Mr. S. Hoxie: As I understand it now, it requires that the precise amend-
ment shall be accepted or rejected. We may want the substance of it, but not
in that form. I think the suggestion of Mr. Horr is a good one. We can
put in some other form, although it embraces the subject matter.

The Chairman : It seems to me it is quite as important that we protect the
action of our annual meetings as any other meeting. We find from experience
that only a limited number of our association — and I guess it is so with our
neighbors — have attended in person. Now, if notice of the proposed amend-
ments is given thirty days before, gentlemen sending proxies can instruct their
attornej^s in what manner to represent them. I think it safer to give the notice
that the section of the clause provides for.

Mr. C. W. Horr : So do I ; but I think it should be that we need not
give notice of the precise amendment, so that after we get here we cannot pass
a proper amendment, such as would meet the views of the meeting.

The Secretary read the section again, leaving out the word " such."
Mr. S. Hoxie : I move to amend by inserting after the words " thirty days'
notice " the words, " of the substance of the proposed amendments."

Dr. F. W. Patterson: I move an amendment there striking out the
words "shall be proposed or." I will read it as I propose to have it. "But no
amendments to the charter or By-Laws made at any meeting, either annual or
special, unless thirty days' notice," etc. For instance, I may give notice or
make a proposition that I will call up at our next meeting the amendment. It
will be giving you all the more notice of such action, and it strikes me by
striking out that word, that you allow such a proposition to be made.

Mr. Wing R. Smith : You do not want to strike out the words " shall be."

Dr. F. W. Patterson: That is so. Strike out simply the words "pro-
posed or," allowing anybody to propose any amendments at any meeting, to be
acted on at the next meeting, so that we have a right to propose something for
future action.

22 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

Mr. E. G. Fay : I move its adoption, with both of the amendments pro-
posed.

Section ij adopted as amended.

Sec. 14. " He shall issue notices of meetings of the Board of Officers, when
requested to do so by the President, or by a majority of the Directors."

Dr. F. W. Patterson: That will have to be amended to coirespond with
the previous amendment by inserting, " a majority of the Directors," instead of
" two members of the Board."

Adopted as amended.

Sec. 15. " He shall record all notices of meetings in the Record-Book of the
corporation, and certify therein that they were issued and sent in accordance
with the provisions of the By-Laws."

Adopted

Sec. 16. " He shall keep full and correct records of all the meetings of the
corporation and of the Board of Officers, at which he is present, and when he
is absent, a Secretary, pro tern., shall be chosen to attend to and perform the
duties of the Secretary."

Adopted.

Sec 17. " He shall keep an accurate account in detail of all moneys received
and paid out by him in the performance of his duties, a copy of which he shall
transmit to the Treasurer once in each quarter year, during the first month of
the quarter."

Mr. W. G. Powell: I wish to make one suggestion in regard to that. We
have now a Secretary who we all know to be perfectly reliable and perfectly
responsible. I think this would be a good time to add that he also shall give a
bond satisfactory to the Board, same as the Treasurer does. In this present
instance, we know that none is required; but would it not be proper to have
this proposition inserted now so as to provide for the emergencies of the future?

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr.: If Mr. Powell will put his amendment in
writing, so that it can be inserted as an additional clause, I will very gladly
second the motion.

Mr. W. G. Powell: My motion is to add to section 17, "and shall give a
bond satisfactory to the Board of Officers."

The amendment -was adopted.

Sec iS. "The Secretary and Treasurer shall receive an annual salary, the
amount to be fixed by the Board of Officers, at their last meeting after the
annual meeting."

Mr. Wing R.Smith: I would like to ask whether that is before they
have accomplished their work or not?

The Secretary : This contemplates the fixing of the salaries for the ensuing
year. It does not say they shall be paid. It simply fixes the salary. It has
heretofore been customary in our association to make it at the other end of the
year.

iSSs-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 23

Mr. Fred. L. Houghton : We have made provision for fixing the salary
in advance. Perhaps it would be as well to fix it so that the Secretary would
be enabled to draw some salary before the end of the year.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr. : So far as the present Secretary is concerned, he
would not care to have it until the end of the end of the year.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: It strikes me that as a general principal it is
better to fix the salary before the officer is elected rather than after.

Mr. J. D. Guthrie: I think there is one By-Law that ought to be added
there. That in the event of the death or resignation of the Treasurer or
Secretary, that the Board of Directors have the power to supply his place.

The Chairman: The chair will state his knowledge of the fact, that under
the constitution and laws of the state, the salaries of all judicial and executive
officers and others are fixed before the term of office commences. Then a
person understands, when he is elected to office, what his salary will be, and if
he chooses not to accept the position, he is at liberty to do so. I think the
constitution itself prohibits any change during the term of office to which any
man is elected or appointed. I think the provision is a wise one.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper : I move that the Board of Officers or Directors,
at their last meeting before the annual election, so fix the salaries of the salaried
officers for the ensuing year.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Possibly you should start that amendment or By-Law
by saying, " after the present year."

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: This is the amendment in place of section 18,
as last read by the Secretary, to take its place: "That, the Board of Officers
shall, at their last annual meeting, prior to the annual election of officers, fix
the salary of all salaried officers for the next ensuing year."

Mr. C. W. Horr : Put in the word "hereafter" after the word " shall."

Mr. Horr's amendment was accepted; then Mr. Huidekoper1 s substitute, as
amended, zvas adopted as a substitute for section 18.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Where is the power vested now?

The Chairman: For the information of the gentleman, the chair will
inform him that the salary ©f the Secretary of the Holstein Association has
been fixed up to the present time for this current year. The association can
continue the salaries of the officers for the remainder of this year to the next
annual election, or refer it to the new Board of Officers. •

Mr. C. W. Horr: Have we not got to have some specific authority
granted to the Board of Officers for this year? That resolution, as it now
stands, does not apply to this year.

The Chairman: I think there should be authority given them if the Board
is to fix it.

Mr. C. W. Horr : I would suggest that there be added, " and that for the
present year the Board shall fix the salaries at the first meeting.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: That may be done by resolution after the By-
Laws have been accepted. We do not want it in the By-Laws.

24 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

Sec. 19. " The Board of Officers shall take cognizance of any and all specific
charges made and presented to them in writing against any member of this
corporation, or to any of its members, and shall appoint a committee of two
members of the corporation to hear the parties and take proofs relavent to the
charges, in writing and under oath, and to report the same in full, with their
opinion of the matter, to the Board of Officers."

Dr. F. W. Patterson: Right there I desire to say a word. After the
word " corporation," it should read, " for violation of his obligation to this
corporation," making it read, " the Board of Officers shall take cognizance of
any and all specific charges made and presented to them in writing against any
member of this corporation for violation of his obligation to the corporation."
I suggest the interpolation of those words, " for violation of his obligation to
this corporation."

So ame?ided.

Mr.-W. G. Powell: Ought not that to go a little farther? Should not we
take some cognizance of the transactions of a man with outsiders? Suppose a
man is a notorious swindler and swindles every man he deals with, although
not a member, should not there be something with reference to it? If a person
does an unbusiness-like, ungentlemanly transaction, and continues such acts,
the association ought not to suffer by it ; and yet he is doing it under the cloak
of the membership of the association. I think it would be well to have some-
thing to reach that part of it. That was one thing discussed in our meeting at
Chicago, in reference to importation. We thought if importation was confined
to members, we could have some control over their transactions in importing.
I think the resolution should be broad enough to reach that.

Mr. J. D. Guthrie: I think the suggestion is a good one. I move that it
be adopted.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I think that all this association is interested in is
what the members may do to the disadvantage of the interests of this breed of
cattle, or of the association, and that is all covered by the resolution.

The Secretary read again the resolution as amended by Dr. Patterson.

A Member : If a man is swindling the public on the credit of the associa-
tion, I think we would have a right to deal with him.

Mr. S. Hoxie: I think that sentence, "for violation of his obligation to
this corporation," is not specific enough. You do not know what it is. That
means any violation. It may be a matter that does not relate at all to our
business or the association. It should be more specific, and then add, " or to
the public."

Dr. F. W. Patterson: Mr. Chairman, the moment you open the door,
however, you have got something outside of that that may want to tear your
association to pieces. Irresponsible parties may be making charges against
members of the association who are entirely honorable. It gives an oppor-
tunity for harsh treatment. We desire to be tried by our peers, not our
enemies, or scoundrels outside.

Mr. S. Hoxie: Suppose the man injures the public, and people say he is
a swindler, and he is given a bad reputation ; it seems to me that he ought to
be dealt with as much as though he should be dealing with one of us.

i88j.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 25

Dr. F. W. Patterson: I think it would be proper, that charges should
be preferred by members.

Mr. S. Hoxie: I would say, then, "violation of his obligations to the
association, or swindling any member of the association or the public." He
may violate some obligations in reference to questions of temperance or some-
thing of that kind, which we would not wish to consider,

A Member : It seems to me we are going beyond our scope. We are not
to watch over the morals of our members particularly, only in a general way,
as they affect the interests of this association. Of course we expect them all to
be moral, but if they violate some of our ideas of morality, and they do not
affect the business of the association, we better leave them alone.

Mr. W. G. Powell: Mr. Chairman, I am very clear in my own mind that
the resolution, as it now is, does not reach a person's transactions outside. It
is a question whether we do or do not wish to reach that. For myself, I think
it is important that our members not only deal honorably and fairly with each
other, but that they do so with other people. I think there should be added,
" or for unbusiness-like and dishonest transactions." The charges may be
preferred oniy by members.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Better add, "or for unbusiness-like and dishonest trans-
actions in reference to the buying and selling of Holstein-Friesian cattle."

A Member : I move that it be laid on the table.

The motion was carried.

Section ig, as read, -with the amendment proposed by Dr. Patterson, was
adopted.

Sec. 20. "The accusers and accused shall then, if they desire it, be heard
before the Board of Officers, or a majority of them, and after such hearing, or
opportunitv afforded bv the Board to the parties to have such hearing, they
shall determine whether the charges made have been proved, and, if so,
whether the accused ought to forfeit his membership in the corporation, and
take such action in the matter as they may deem advisable.

Adopted.

ARTICLE III. OF MEETINGS.

Section i. " Notice of all meetings of the corporation and of the Board
of Officers shall be mailed at least fourteen days before the time named for the
meeting."

Adopted.

Sec. 2. "All notices of meetings shall be served by sending a written or
printed copy, by mail, to the post-office address of each member entitled to
such notice."

Mr. L. T. Yeomans: I move to add the words, "and shall fully set
forth the matters to be acted on at such meeting."

Dr. F. W. Patterson: The section below covers it.

26 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

Mr. L. T. Yeomans: I make that motion because section three is
almost a repetition of section one.

Amendment accepted, and section 2 adopted.

Sec. 3. "All notices calling meetings of the corporation, or of the Board
of Officers, shall fully set forth the matters to be acted on at such meetings."

Mr. Wing R. Smith : Now I move that that section be stricken out
because of the adoption of the previous amendment.

The motion carried, and section 3 was stricken out.

Sec. 4. " If the Board of Officers deem it advisable to hold the annual
meeting, or any special meeting of the corporation, or any meeting of the
Board of Officers, at any other place than Buffalo, N. Y., and so order, the
Secretary shall make the notices, calling the meeting, in accordance with the
order of the Board."

Adopted.

Sec. 5. " Special meetings of the members of the corporation shall be
called when a majority of the members of the Board of Officers join in a
request or direction to the Secretary to call such meeting."

Adopted.

Sec. 6. "The travelling expenses of the Board of Officers, when called
together for the transaction. of business of the association, shall be paid out of
the funds of the association."

Adopted.

Sec. 7. " One-third of all the members of the corporation shall constitute
a quorum for business at the annual meeting, or at any special meeting
dulv called."

Adopted.

ARTICLE IV. OF THE HERD-BOOK.

Section i. "This corporation shall publish the Holstein-Friesian Herd-
Book at intervals of not less than one year."

Adopted.

Sec. 2. "The Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book shall contain the charter and
By-Laws and a list of members of the cbrporation, the record of the proceed-
ings at all meetings held since the publication of the last volume of the Herd-
Book, the reports of the officers, and any other matters of general interest
which the Board of Directors may deem advisable to publish, and an accurate
registry of all the animals accepted for registry in it, which shall be divided in
two parts, one part containing the registry of bulls, and the other the registry
of cows. Such registry shall shall set forth the number, the name, the date of
birth, the name and residence of the breeder and owner, and if imported, the
name of the importer, the markings of the animal sufficient for its identifica-
tion, and the names and numbers of both sire and dam in the Herd-Book."

Mr. Fred. L. Houghton: I would like to propose an amendment to that
section, that in the future volumes of the Herd-Book no plates or engravings
be printed, and that there be no publications of any records of animals or any-

1 88s-] HOLS TEIN-FRIESIA N AS SO CIA TION. 27

thing in the nature of advertising set forth in the Herd-Book at all; that
hereafter it simply contain a record of the pedigrees of animals.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I would like to second Mr. Houghton's amendment
that the pedigree of animals may be given. The owners are at liberty to give
the pedigree back to importation.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr. : That is contained in another clause. I would
like to make a suggestion that this section commence to read with the words,
"each volume of," so as to read, "each volume of the Holstein-Friesian Herd-
Book shall contain," etc.

The amendment zvas adopted, and Mr. Houghtoii's amendment -was then
accepted and the section adopted.

Sec. 3. " In the Hei d-Book there shall be registered only such animals as
are determined, under the rules and regulations of this corporation, to be
thoroughbred."

Adopted.

Sec. 4. " Thoroughbred Holstein-Friesian shall be held to mean and refer
to only those large, improved, black and white cattle already registered in the
Holstein and Dutch- Friesian Herd- Books, and such as are descended from them
in direct line, both as to sire and dam, and such imported animals or their
descendants as are registered in the Netherlands, Friesian and North Holland
Herd-Books, proved by the affirmation of the breeder of the animal, satisfactory
to the inspector. No animal having colors other than black and white shall be
registered."

A Member : There are three Herd-Books. I move to put in the word
"or" instead of "and."

Amendment accepted.

Mr. Dudley Miller: Mr. Chairman, is it not rather superfluous to
add at the end of that section, " no animal having colors other than black and
white shall be registered?" Does not the first part of it state that an animal
shall be black and white?

The Secretary : Yes, sir, that is what it says.

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller : If you get right down to that nice point, saying
no other color than black and white — we all know there are little marks on
these animals that are not strictly black and white; but we say the animals
must be black and white. Substantially they are so, but the strict wording
there might make some trouble. I would move that we leave oft" the last line
or two containing that section.

The words, " no animal having colors other than black and -white shall be
registered" -were stricken out.

Mr. Irwin Langworthy: Mr. Chairman, it seems to me you are includ-
ing in this resolution three foreign Herd-Books. There has been an eft'ort
made to consolidate here, and that we have but one book, to be known as the
Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book. There have been but two books recognized in
Europe for any length of time. It seems to me it would be an advantage to
the breed of cattle if we would recognize but two European Herd- Books, the

28 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

Netherlands and Friesian. I move that the words, " North Holland Herd-
Book," be stricken out from the section. I think it is a measure that would
tend to the welfare of the breed of cattle. If that is stricken out, you recognize
but two Herd-Books in Europe, and one falls flat to the ground. We do not
need three books in that country. We should not encourage them any more
in that country than in this country. It is just as detrimental there as in
America to have so many Herd-Books. I am in favor of our dropping the
North Holland Herd-Book, and that we do not recognize the North Holland
Herd-Book.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I would like to ask if the gentleman understands,
as I certainly do, that the North Holland Herd- Book is considerably better than
the Netherland Herd-Book, as far as the quality of the animals recorded is
concerned. They have not the percentage of poor animals that there are in the
Netherlands.

Mr. Irwin Laxgworthy: I have been laboring for years for a union of
these two associations so that we should have but two Herd-Books. I can
not see any good policy in recognizing a multitude of European Herd-Books.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: It strikes me as unbecoming in us to dictate to
those gentlemen in Holland what they should do, whether they have or not,
inasmuch as they already have a Herd-Book, and as they have rules and regu-
lations governing the entry, and the animals that are registered are better than
some of the animals originally put into the Netherlands' book, and the per-
centage is better than the the animals in the Netherlands' book; and I know
that to be a fact, and I state it as a fact.

Mr. Irwin Langworthy: I do not know any authority for the statement.
Mr. Wing R. Smith: I have the authority of those who know it. My
authority is from those who have been to Europe and seen the animals.

Mr. Irwin Langworthy: It doesn't look to me to be a matter of policy
for us to labor in America for the establishment of a consolidated association
so that we would have but one American Herd-Book — because it is annoying
to breeders in America that we should recognize a new book just gone into
existence. It has been in existence but a year. If this association does not
recognize that Herd-Book, it won't amount to anything. I don't see any good to
come of it.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: What is the object of recognizing Herd-Books in
Holland if it is not for the purpose of protecting our own own cattle and
securing a better grade of cattle. What difference does it make if there are half
a dozen Herd-Books if they all have the same object in view, and all are anxious
for the highest grade of cattle? As a matter of fact the North Holland Herd-
Book does have better cattle and a better percentage. It has the kind of
cattle that are brought here, the kind that should be imported. They were
established for the reason and object of having a better registry than the
Netherlands, and they have got it. They are absolutely a better Herd-Book
than the North Holland. So why throw it out when it is better?

Mr. C. W. Horr: It seems to me the real point is this: Is the North
Holland Herd- Book a good one? Has it got stringent rules? If they have,

i88s-} HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION 29

why not get the benefit or privilege of buying the cattle recorded in it. To my
mind the simple business question is whether the North Holland Herd-Book is
a good one. Have they got rules, and are they enforced, and are the cattle of
as good a character recorded in that book as in the other book ?

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr. : I understand one object in starting the North
Holland Herd-Book was to record only black and white cattle. The Nether-
lands Herd-Book records cattle of other colors as well as black and white. At
our last meeting we heard from Mr. B. B. Lord, of Sinclairville, N. Y., who
had been to Holland and examined into the subject, and he stated that he
thought the animals were fully equal, if not superior, in the North Holland
Herd-Book to those in the Netherlands. It seems to me we should not dis-
courage the people there who are recording only fine black and white
cattle.

Mr. S. Hoxie: I most heartily agree with what Mr. Wales says. I was
opposed to the North Holland Herd- Book, but for the sake of getting all the
information I could, I wrote to Mr. McDonald, who was former manager of
the Model Farm at Winkel, and he is thoroughly reliable. I will read a little
from his letter, with your permission : •' Replying to your favor of the 22d ult.,
I can give you the following information : Our Netherland Herd-Book was
started a few years before American buyers came here, and its intention was the
improvement of cattle in the whole kingdom. The North Holland Herd-Book
was started in November, 18S3. as a result of the growing American trade, and
mainly influenced by B. B. Lord & Sons. They use a scale of points, a trans-
lation of which I hope to send you in a few days ; take no other colors than
black and white, and then leave the final conclusion about the admittance or
refusal of an animal with their inspectors, thereby facilitating matters. The
main difference is found in the fact that the Netherlands Herd-Book Associa-
tion does not admit any females unless they have actually brought a calf and
proved to be sound milkers, while the North Holland Herd-Book only requires
female animals to be two years old at the time of inspection, no matter if they
are in calf or not. The North Holland Herd-Book Association is originated
and run by common farmers, who are practical breeders, and I am very sure
they aim to do what is right, desire to elevate the breed as well as the Nether-
land Herd-Book Association, but they do it solely in the hope to get a large
share of the American trade. And this purpose, I also fully admit, is a
legitimate and laudable one." Now, in reference to this matter, he goes on to
say : " Now 1 do not say this in order to depreciate the latter, but only to show
that different opinions and less stringent requirements by the different inspec-
tors, make matters easier." They admit cattle that the Netherlands will not
receive. Then he gives the scale of points used by the North Holland Herd-
Book:

1 Head, Fine 3

2 Horns, Thin, smooth, inclining forward 3

3 Eyes, Clear, prominent 3

4 Ears, Fine, covered with soft hair, not too large 3

5 Nose, s Dark, with shiny hair around it 2

30 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

6 Bearing, Docile 4

7 Neck, Thin, straight 2

8 Chest, Wide, roomy 3

9 £)jiarters, Broad, square 6

10 Chine, Straight, open 15

1 1 Tail, Fine and long 4

12 Barrel, Well rounded, with large, but not too deep, ab-

domen 2

13 Legs, Straight, with fine bones 3

14 Shin, Fine, soft, mellow 5

15 Hair, Black and white, well separated, soft, fine 3

1 6 Udder, Well developed in front and rear 8

17 Escutcheon, Colored Indian yellow, with greasy dandruff 5

iS Teats, Well formed, well placed, black, not thick 6

iy • Hair on Escutcheon, Little, fine and silky 4

20 Mammary Veins, Large, crooked, elastic 10

2 1 Orifices, Two on each side 4

22 Escutcheon, Large, broad, without long-haired edges 6

23 Size and -weight . .■ , 6

100

Mr. James C. Poor: I can testify to these cattle being of a superior
quality to look at, and as far as our scale of points goes --those recorded in the
North Holland Herd-Book are superior to those recorded in the Netherland
Herd-Book. You will see some distinct colors in those animals. I know this
from personal experience, having examined a great man}- of them last year in
Holland.

The amendment offered zvas lost, and the section as originally read wa.s
adopted.

Sec. 5. " American bred animals shall only be registered in the Herd-
Book upon application made upon, or following, the form furnished by the
corporation, and the payment of a fee of one dollar by members of the
corporation, and the payment of a fee of two dollars by persons not members,
for the registry of each animal, which must accompany the application. No
two animals shall have the same name. A family name shall originate with
the female. Only direct descendants of animals shall be entitled to the
family name, with numbers prefixed or added, and after the first generation,
the family name only in. combination. Males shall only be entitled to the
family name in combination, in which the family name shall be first."

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I think that is entirely wrong, that the family
name should be only given to the female and not to the male. It is not the
law of man, and I don't know why it should be the law of animals.

Mr. S. HoxiE: With man, the man gives the name of the family always,
but with animals, in all cases, the female gives the name of the family.

1 88s.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 31.

Mr. Wing R. Smith? It is not so with horses or dogs.

Mr. S. Hoxie: Here a bull can give a hundred in a season and all belong
to the same family.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: And so a man might have a hundred if he was a
Mormon.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Certainly, but a man does not want them all to bear
his name. [Laughter.]

Mr. F. C. Stevens: I should think the amount of blood an animal has
should entitle it to the name. If a female gives birth to a calf, it is entitled to
the family name. It only has fifty per cent, of the blood, being served by
some other animal. The amount of blood the animal has determines the
relationship, and I can not see why an animal having the proper amount of
blood should not have the name.

Mr. W. M. Sixgerly: Why not strike out that sentence, so that they can
originate with either? The words, "the family name shall originate with the
female," should be stricken out. Also strike out the words " males should only
be entitled to the family name," etc.

Mr. S. Hoxie: Why not strike it all out except "no two animals shall
have the same name? " That settles the whole question.

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller: It is generally understood in most Herd-Book
Associations, that where numbers are prefixed to the family name, it implies
the animal is a descendant from the fountain head; not that it is a full brother
or sister.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr.: I was a member of the committee that pro-
posed these rules. We discussed the matter very thoroughly — Mr. Yeomans,
Mr. Hoxie, Dr. Patterson and myself concluded it would be best for the breed
generally to adopt these rules.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: It seems to me one way to make that plain would
be to say that only males shall take the name of the sire, and only the females
the name of the dam in combination.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: My motion is to strike out the section, "a family
name shall originate with the female," and to make it that it shall be in combi-
nation. Strike out the word " only " next to that.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I would like to hear the resolution read that we adopt-
ed in Chicago. I think we did a great deal better than we are doing here.
There was an important resolution introduced by Mr. Brooks, of Ohio,
which has been wholly ignored. I would like to have the resolution read,
simply as an argument on the same subject adopted at Chicago.
Mr. W. M. Singerly: My amendment in full is this:
Sec. 5. "American bred animals shall only be registered in the Herd-
Book upon application made upon, or following, the form furnished by the
corporation, and the payment of a fee of one dollar by members of the cor-
poration, and of two dollars by persons not members, for the registry of each
animal, which must accompany the application. No two animals shall have the
same name. Only direct descendants of an animal shall be entitled to the family

32 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

name with numbers prefixed or added, and after the first generation the family
name in combination. Males shall only be entitled to the family name in com-
bination, in which the family name shall be first."

Mr. S. Hoxie: I move the whole subject be laid on the table.

Mr. L. T. Yeomans: Now, we have been talking about combinations. I
would like to have put right along after Mr. Singerly's amendment, " in all
combinations the name of the sire taken in part or full, shall be used as
desired by the applicant."

The amendment ivas accepted by Mr. Singerly, a?id the -whole amendment, as
amended, adopted.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: There is another amendment that some gentlemen
might want. It was acted on as a separate resolution. That was, "That all
titles of distinction and nobility, military or honorary, and all first or given
names not in use as family names, should be free for use in combination." I
think that should be added at the end of this section.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: The gentlemen have been too fast. They have
passed the resolution which Mr. Singerly offered, and the section was adopted
as read.

The Chairman : No, it has not been adopted.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: If it was adopted as read you must rescind the
motion.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: We have not passed the section. We just adopted
section five. I move to add that.

The Chairman: It was not adopted yet. The amendment only was
adopted. This is an additional amendment. Those of you who favor that
will please say aye.

Carried.

The Chairman : The question occurs on the original_ section as amended.

The section, as amended, -vas then adopted.

Sec. 6. "When application for registry of imported animals is made, the
certificate of the breeder of the animal, made upon, or following, the form for
such certificates furnished by this corporation, is required."

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr. : I move, as an amendment, to add to the
beginning of this section the words, "only members of this association may
register imported animals in the Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book."

Mr. L. T. Yeomans: I will move to insert after the words, "imported
animals," the words, "imported from Europe after March iSth, 1885." I
would suggest also that you strike out the words, " Holstein-Friesian Herd-
Book," because we don't register in anything else.

Mr. W. G. Powell: It should be stated in that section, or some other one,
that the importer's name should appear in the original certificate on the other
side. As I understand it, there are cattle perhaps on the water now, or about
landing, or having landed, and on the certificate the importer's name is still
blank. It is for the purpose of getting around our rule, that no person shall
import except members of the association. The object is to find a purchaser or

/<?#.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 33

somebody who will act as a cat's paw to have his name inserted, and then have
those cattle registered. We must provide for that somewhere. It may be
necessary for us to require that they should bring a certificate from the
American consul, and that the names all appear on that side.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: The breeder's certificate requires the name of the
importer to be at the top of the certificate. All the association requires to
show the breeding of the animal, is that the certificate is properly filled out,
which includes the signature of the seller and breeder, and acknowledgment
that this animal was sold by the seller to the buyer, at the top, which, in itself,
requires the name. It must be there if it is honest and properly filled out. It
does not require any special statement.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: Tbe present quarantine regulations require
that the importer shall notify the Commissioner of Agriculture of this import-
ing of certain animals.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: Mr. Chairman, I arise to second Mr. Wales'
amendment, that this section should read at the beginning, "only members of
this association may register imported animals."

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr.: As amended, then, it would read, "only mem-
bers of this association may register imported animals which were shipped
from Europe after March 18th, 1885." Then follows, "when application for
registry," etc.

The section zvas adopted.

Sec. 7. " Animals must be transferred to owners before their offspring are
registered."

Adopted.

Sec. 8. " Application for registry of imported animals shall be made to
the Secretary, and by him referred to an inspector, who will visit and
separately examine each imported animal proposed for registry, and the cer-
tificate of the breeder, relating to such animal ; and the inspector shall make
his report of the result of such examination, in writing on or annexed to the
breeder's certificate — "

Mr. W. G. Powell: Now insert right there, "the importer's name to be
inserted in the breeder's certificate before shipment, and to be verified by list
from an American consul." I offer that as an amendment. The certificate
should state m whose name they are sent.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Suppose somebody should ship without those certifi-
cates before they get this information? It seems to me we should go slow
and have it apply to cattle exported after a certain date. I believe there is a
forfeiture clause of membership that gives us all the protection we want.
You have only to read that. I should fully concur with the gentleman if I
didn't believe it was fully covered by a preceding section. It seems to me a
little bit risky.

Mr. S. Hoxie: I will move that Mr. Koch, who is present here, be heard.
I saw that he arose to his feet on this question.

Mr. T. F. Koch : Mr. Chairman, though not a member of the association,
I would like to be heard. I endeavored to be made a member of your associa-

34 FrRST MEETING OF THE [May,

tion last fall. I was not a resident of the American States then, but I became
a resident this spring. I imported some animals last fall and they were
recorded in the Holstein Herd-Book last fall. I am a resident of New York,
and I shall try to become a citizen as soon as I can, but it will take me five
years. I am very much interested in everything in America. I bought 34,000
acres of land with a man in Chicago. I am more interested in New York
than I am in Holland, but your laws make it impossible for me to become a
member. I would like very much to be allowed to become a member of the
Holstein-Friesian Association. I am willing to sw-ear off my own country,
because I intend to become a citizen of the United States.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I appreciate all the gentleman says, but it has
nothing to do with this subject. I know that this is a desirable country to live
in, and that he wishes to become a citizen of the great country of America,
but still I would not accord to him, or anybody else, the privilege of importing
cattle in blank certificates and fill up the certificates after they get here.

Mr. C. W. Horr: But would you not be willing to allow our By-Laws to
be amended as to read only bona fide residents instead of citizen? "What is the
objection to that?

The Chairman : It seems to me it is not in order to be discussing the
question whether the gentleman who is not a citizen of the country can become
a member of the association. The question is on the amendment offered by
Mr. Powell. Mr. Powell will please state his amendment.

Mr. W. G. Powell: Insert in the proper place "the importer's name to
be inserted in the certificate before shipment, and to be verified by list from an
American consul." I do not say it shall be at Amsterdam, or Rotterdam, or
any other particular dam, because they may not want to ship from that place.
But it should be an American consul.

Mr. C. W. Horr : I move to amend, that this amendment should not
apply to cattle shipped from Holland before the 10th day of June, 18S5.

Amendment accepted.

Mr. J. W. Stillwell : I would suggest to the gentleman to make that
ten days longer. Suppose a man sends over there and his letter should be
miscarried?

The question occcurred on the amendment as proposed by Mr. Pozvell as
amended, and carried.

Mr. J. W. Stillwell: I will make an addition to that section, that this
association be authorized to cable to the three Herd- Books in Holland the
effect of this resolution, or to the American consul — or that our Secretary be
instructed to cable this resolution.

Amendment lost.

The Chairman: The Secretary will read the balance of the section.

The Secretary reads: " No imported animal under one year of age shall
be examined or accepted for registry. All imported animals shall be registered
in the name of the importer. The application for registry of animals imported
in dam must be signed by the importer. All applications for registry of
animals which are not filed with the Secretary within one year from date of

1 885-\ HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 35

birth or importation, shall be charged three times the usual registry fee. All
animals bred in America shall be registered in the name of the owner, in
which case a certificate of service is required from the owner of the bull, and
the signature of the breeder to the application. No imported animal shipped
from Europe after March 18th, 1S85, shall be eligible to registry in the Herd-
Book unless the animal or its dam and sire are registered in the Netherlands,
Friesian, or North Holland Herd-Book. In recording such imported animal, its
breeding, as it appears in the Netherlands, Friesian, or North Holland Herd-
Book, with the names and numbers by which its sire and dam are registered in
such Herd- Book, shall be spread upon the register of this association. Any
person applying to the Secretary for inspection of imported animals shipped
from Europe after March 18th, 1885, shall pay to the Secretary of the associa-
tion, five dollars for each animal to be inspected before such inspection is ordered,
and after such payment, the Secretary shall be authorized to order such inspec-
tion. The registry fee for each imported animal shall be twenty dollars. In-
spectors shall receive from the association as compensation, ten dollars for
each day, and five dollars for each night occupied in inspecting cattle, and in
going to and from places of inspection, all necessary and reasonable travelling
expenses shall be paid by the association. No imported animal shall be accep-
ted for registration until it has been passed by an inspector, and the inspector
shall be instructed that no animal shall be accepted for registry in the Herd-
Book except those of superior excellence that might fairly be ranked as strictly
first-class."

A Member : This section does not designate where the animal should be
inspected. If the importer saw fit, he could scatter his animals throughout the
United States, and the association could charge him but twenty dollars for
inspecting and registering the animals. It might cost the association one or
two hundred dollars.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr.: I have the following amendment to offer after
the clause relating to inspection : " which must be made within sixty days from
date of importation." That will require them to be examined in quarantine
before the date of quarantine expires, and before they can get out into the
country.

A Member : I would suggest that it be at quarantine or at the farm of the
importer.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr. : The association might be called upon to send
all over the United States.

A Member: I think the fee should be as it is, provided the animal was
inspected at quarantine, but otherwise, any additional expense should be borne
by the importer.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: I think as long as the whole importation is
together, and not scattered, that we are entitled to have them examined on our
own farm instead of in quarantine, if it suits our pleasure. That would not
materially affect the expense.

Mr. J. W. Stillwell: I move, as an amendment, that they be examined
either in quarantine or on the farms of the importers, wherever they desire.

36 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr. : It seems to me to be important to make some
rule regulating the examination of imported cattle. We do not want to send
an inspector all over the United States to examine one herd. The inspector
may have to go to California, which would cost an immense sum of money. I
hope we shall find some way to regulate the matter satisfactorily to everybodv,
and still not put the association to any excessive expense.

Mr. Isaac C. Otis: Mr. Archibald, of Oxford, Miss., had some imported
that were not registered, and he now asks that the inspector go and inspect
them, and they are distributed around. This is to provide against any such
future contingencies.

The Chairman: The amendment proposed by Mr. Miller, as an amend-
ment to the amendment of Mr. Stillwell, is that the cattle be examined at
quarantine or on the farm of the importer.

Mr. J. W. Stillwell: What I mean is that there should be an inspector
for California and one about Iowa, and so scatter them along. I don't think it
will cost the association any more.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: Mr. Chairman, you can readily see that papers
might sometimes come in that needed correction, and would have to be sent
back to Holland. They might not get back in time to have the animals
inspected in quarantine, and in that case it is but just that a reasonable latitude
should be given to the importer that he might take the animals home and have
them inspected there.

Mr. F. C. Stevens: Supposing the importer has a herd of one hundred
animals. I think the importer paj*s a sufficient amount of money for recording
them, and that is all that he should be expected to pay.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr. : I am in favor of the amendment offered by
Mr. Stillwell, that the cattle should be inspected either in quarantine or on the
farm of the importer.

The Chairman: The question is on the amendment to the amendment,
that the cattle be inspected either in quarantine or upon the farm of the
importer before they are dispersed.

Amendment carried.

The question then occurred on the amendment of Air. Miller, as amended.

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller: I will withdraw' my proposition, so he can offer
his motion as a substitute.

Mr. StillwelVs amendment was re-considered and then -withdratvn. Then
Air. Stillwell offered his motion as a substitute, rvkick was adopted.

Sec. 9. " When an animal is accepted for registry, the Secretary shall
issue a certificate of the fact to the owner, giving the number and name, and
description the animal will take in the Herd-Book."

Adopted.

Sec. 10. "A register of transfer of ownership of any animal registered
in the Herd-Book will be made on application of the owner, and payment of
fifty cents by members of the corporation, and one dollar by all other persons.

iSSs-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 37

A certificate of such transfer will be made by the Secretary. A charge of
fiffty cents will be made for each duplicate certificate of registry or transfer."

' Mr. J. W. Stillwell: I move that the charge for the transfer certificate
be reduced to twenty-five cents. I think that is plenty. The American Jersey
Cattle Club have never charged but twenty-five cents.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Well, that is more, according to the size of the cattle,
than we charge. [Laughter.]

Motion lost ; section 10 adopted.

Sec. ii. Every application for the registry of an animal in the Herd-Book
shall be taken as the guarantee of the owner that the animal is thoroughbred,
and that all the matters stated in the application are true. No application for
registry or transfer will receive attention unless accompanied with the
required fee."

Adopted.

Sec. 12. "If, after registry of any animal in the Herd-Book, anything
shall be learned which raises a doubt as to the propriety of such registration,
the Board of Officers shall cause the matter to be investigated ; and if it shall
be found that an animal has been improperly registered, they shall cause that
registry to be expunged, and take such other steps or measures in the matter
as the nature of the case may, in their judgment, require."

Adopted.

ARTICLE V.

" In accordance with the provisions of the charter, a system of advanced
registry shall be provided for by the Board of Directors under the supervision
of a member of the board, or other person to be named by the board, said
registry to be published in a separate volume."

Mr. Irwin Langworthy: The committee on nominations had a matter
under consideration in regard to the Board of Officers. It was thought by the
committee that the gentleman having in charge the matter of advanced regis-
tration should be a member of the Board of Officers, and it was agreed in that
committee to offer an amendment, providing that the superintendent, or what-
ever you may designate him, of the advanced registry should be a member
of the Board of Officers. I make a motion that it be amended, so that the
superintendent, or manager of the advanced registry be a member of the
Board of Officers so that he may have some standing and act with you for
counsel and advice.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr. : The only objection is that it will give us an
even number on our board. We have thirteen now.

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller: I am in favor of Mr. Langworthy's motion that
the superintendent of that work should serve as a member of the board, ex-
ojjicio.

Dr. F. W. Patterson : I rise to a question of order. Our charter has
designated who shall be the members of the board, and has designated the
officers. I am afraid it has gone too far. I do not see how this can be done.

38 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

Mr. Elon G. Fay : The charter has this provision :

Sec. 2. " The officers of said association shall be a President, and four
Vice-Presidents, to be designated as first, second, third, and fourth, one Sec-
retary and Editor, six Directors, and such other officers as may be provided for
by the By-Laws of this association."

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I suggest that you make the Superintendent of the
Advanced Registry an officer, and elect that officer, and then he will be a mem-
ber of that board.

By direction of the association, the chairman cast a ballot and announced
the election of Mr. S. Hoxie as Superintendent of Advanced Registry.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Now I move that these By-Laws be so amended, that
the office of Superintendent of Advanced Registry shall appear among the
regular officers of this association in the Board of Officers.

The Chairman: I will suggest also they be so changed as to not include
the clause that makes this officer appointed by the Board.

Mr. C. W. Horr: But to leave it under the regulations of the rules
established by the Board.

Motion carried.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: Mr. Chairman, with your permission, I would
like to go back to a previous regulation, section S, article IV., of the By-Laws,
which reads, "in recording such imported animal, its breeding, as it appears in
the Netherlands, Friesian, or North Holland Herd-Book, with the names and
numbers by which its sire and dam are designated in such Herd-Book, shall be
spread upon the register of this association." Now, if that animal itself is
registered in one of the Herd-Books in Holland, its name and number should
be spread upon our Herd-Book instead of the name of its sire and dam. I move
that that be inserted in this clause, so that its name and number shall be
spread upon our records instead of the name and number of its sire.

Mr. C. W. Hoxie: I move that resolution be adopted, and the words
inserted in the proper place.
Motion carried.

Mr. Isaac C. Otis: I would like to inquire if on these certificates appears
the name and number that the animal is recorded in the Netherlands Herd-
Book, whether that is prima facie evidence that they are so recorded, to the
inspector. You cannot go back of the returns, can you?

Mr. Irwin Langworthy: It is certified and sworn to before the burgo-
master.

Mr. Isaac C. Otis: I am told by some gentleman that that does not
amount to anything.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: If the certificate of the Herd-Book is produced,
that is sufficient.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: If the animal itself is already recorded in Holland
it would be branded on the horn or hoof; so that he would know it.

/<?#.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 39

The Chairman .; The Secretary will proceed with the reading of the By-
Laws.

Secretary reads :

ARTICLE VI.

" The seal of the corporation shall be a circular-faced die, with the name of
the corporation, the date of charter, and the head of a Holstein-Friesian animal
so cut on the face of it that the whole can be embossed on paper by pressure,
and the minutes of this meeting shall be sealed with it."

Adopted.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr. : I would like to have some action taken in
regard to the matter of this seal. The Holstein Association has a seal now.
The imprint is here. We can simply change the lettering around it, and I
think it will answer every purpose, and it can be done at a very small expense.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I move that the Secretary be instructed to have it
changed.

Mr. Thos. B. Wales, Jr.: I would further suggest that the certificate of
membership be in the form of that of the Holstein Association, changing
simply one word in the certificate. It can be done at a small expense. Our
plate cost us nearly two hundred dollars. I think it would be a useless expense
to have a new plate made, and it will be unnecessary if you will permit me to
have that one word changed.

Mr. W. G. Powell : I move that the Secretary be authorized to arrange
the matter of the seal and plate, etc.

Motion carried.

A motion zvas made and carried that the Secretary be instructed to issue the
netv certificates to all the members of the Holstein-Friesian Association.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper : I would like to go back again and offer this
amendment: Section 6, Article IV. "Any person desiring to reserve a
family name may make written application to the Secretary, and upon pay-
ment to him of a fee of one dollar for each family name, shall have such name
reserved for animals of that family only. The Secretary shall issue his certifi-
cate therefor and keep a record of the same in a book provided for that pur-
pose. No names now in use as family names shall be used for animals not of
such families.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I do not understand the object of the amendment; if
you intended to give any different right from that already prescribed.

Mr. L. T. Yeomans: It is to define what the rights are so that we can act
in company. It is not to the individual, it is to the animal.

Mr. C. W. Horr: You cannot use any family name some man has used.
You cannot use it in combination unless it is some animal descended from it.
We have already got that in our By-Laws.

Mr. T. M. Spofford: I should like to amend the motion by prefixing the
word " henceforth," so it will read " shall henceforth be used."

Atnendment acccepted.

40 FIRST MEETING OF THE [May,

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller: Does not the present rule govern that? If you
take the name, the descendants are entitled to the name. Others cannot take
the name. The first one who gets the name has it. I move the resolution be
laid upon the table.

Motion carried.

Mr. Elon G. Fay: Mr. Chairman, I wish to move an additional By-Law
that no member of this association, at any meeting of the same, shall represent
more than five proxies, unless he be a member of a firm, and then five, and in
addition the members of said firm ; nor shall he represent proxies from outside
of the state in which he resides.

The Chairman : That is entirely out of order, because it conflicts with the
charter under which we are organized. You cannot cut off a member from
making whom ever he pleases his attorney to act for him.

Mr- Wing R. Smith: I have a matter to bring up here. We have made
no provision for the death or resignation of some of the officers. I therefore
offer this By-Law or amendment, whatever it shall be, that, " in the event of
the death or resignation of the Secretary or Treasurer, the Board of Officers
shall have power to fill such vacancies until the next general election."

Adopted.

Mr. Gerrit Miller: I move that the Board of Officers be authorized to
elect or appoint as many inspectors as it deems best, for the purpose of inspect-
ing animals, and that only one inspector be required to serve at a time.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: I think that is disposed of in some previous
section.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: I move that the Secretary be authorized and
instructed to publish, in pamphlet form, the charter and By-Laws of the
Holstein-Friesian Association, and the full proceedings of this meeting; con-
taining also a list of the members, with their post-office addresses and the
proceedings at the meeting of the Board of Officers; also the first proceedings
of the Board of Officers; 3,000 copies to be printed.

Motion carried.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I offer the following resolution: "That the Sec-
retary be ordered to have printed on separate paper, sections five and six of
our By-Laws, relating to the naming of animals, and mail a copy to each
member of the association, with the request that they give it their careful
consideration and note their criticisms in writing, which may be read and
discussed at our next meeting." This I do inasmuch as there are several
parties besides myself who are not fully prepared to say that we have decided
upon just exactly the rule for naming animals that we might after mature
deliberation. We have come together here and in the course of perhaps half
an hour, decided one of ihe most important matters of our whole association,
It strikes me that we ought to have more time to consider it. This course
will bring it up directly to every member of the association, and they will
think it over and correspond and talk about it, and by the time of the next
meeting we shall probably be able to come to some definite conclusion. We

iSSj.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 41

can adopt some resolution, or amend the By-Laws, if necessary, or retain the
present rule in regard to naming animals.

The Chairman : That must necessarily be embraced in the proceedings.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I want it to be separate so as to bring it before each
and every member. Otherwise it will not be.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: I will call to Mr. Smith's attention, that this is a
good time for him to give notice again that he will call up at the next annual
meeting, the question of this new section. The possibilities are that he will
want to have it amended. He can now give the notice.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I am much obliged to Dr. Patterson for the sug-
gestion. I will now give notice that I will call that up at the next meeting of
the association ; still I would like to have this notice given. I now notify the
the Secretary of this matter.

Motion adopted.

Mr. W. G. Powell: Mr. Stevens, Sr. said, about the time of our adjourn-
ment, that he believed there was a provision in the laws of this state that
required corporations, under the laws of this state, to meet at least once a year
in this state, and that the annual meeting should be held in this state. I
move, if that is found to be the case, that our next meeting be held here
instead of at Cleveland, if we find it is not legal to go outside of the state, and
that the Secretary make the call in pursuance of the law.

Motion adopted.

Mr. Wing R. Smith: I am now ready to present the resolution. The
motion made by Mr. Powell, I believe, in regard to the importation of animals,
was in substance that the importer's name should be inserted in the certificate
before shipment, and after June ioth, is to be verified by list from the Ameri-
can consul. I now move to amend that By-Law as passed, as follows:

"The importer's name to be inserted in certificate before shipment; and
after June ioth until July ist, 1885, it shall be verified by list from an Ameri-
can consul. On and after July ist, 1885, all certificates must be numbered by
the Secretary, who shall fill in the name and address of the importer. The
certificates shall bear the official seal of the association. The Secretary shall
keep a record of the number of certificates, and to whom issued." I offer it as
an amendment to that By-Law, and move its adoption.

Motion carried.

Dr. F. W. Patterson: If there are no further amendments, I now move
that we adopt the By-Laws, the articles, and sections, as a whole, as we have
now passed them in sections, and that we now act upon that motion.

Motion carried, and By-La-ivs, as amended, adopted.

Upon motion, the meeting adjourned.

Y- AWS

HOLSTEIN - FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION

OF AMERICA,

ADOPTED AT ITS FIRST MEETING, HELD AT BUFFALO, NEW YORK,

MAY 26, 1885.

ARTICLE I. -OF MEMBERSHIP.

Section i. Any person of good character, who is a citizen of North
America, interested in the breeding of Holstein-Friesian cattle, and the owner
of such, may apply for membership in this corporation by filing a written or
printed application, in such form as the Board of Officers may prescribe, with
the Secretary, with the membership fee of one hundred dollars. The form of
application for membership shall give the applicant's name in in full, his resi-
dence and post office address, and such other particulars as the Board of Officers
may require.

Sec. 2. Every application for membership shall be submitted to the con-
sideration of the Board of Officers, and if in their judgment the applicant is
eligible for membership and ought to be admitted as a member of this corpora-
tipn, and a unanimous vote of the Board of Officers present to that effect is
passed, his name shall be entered on the records as a member, and the Secretary
shall issue a certificate of membership.

Sec. 3. Any member of the corporation may at any time withdraw and
terminate his membership, by returning his certificate of membership to the
Secretary, with a letter expressing his wish and intention to terminate his
membership.

[May, i88j.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 43

Sec. 4. Any member of this corporation who shall be found guilty of any
misrepresentation, deception, or fraud in relation to the registry of animals in
the Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book shall forfeit his membership in the corpora-
tion.

Sec. 5. Each member of the corporation shall be entitled to one copy of
each volume of the Herd-Book published after his admission, which shall be
forwarded to his address as soon as convenient, after its publication.

ARTICLE II. --OF THE OFFICERS.

Section i. The officers of this corporation shall consist of a President
and four Vice-Presidents, to be designated as first, second, third and fourth,
one Secretary and Editor, one Treasurer, six Directors, and one Superin-
tendent of Advanced Registry, who shall constitute the Board of Officers of
this corporation. There shall be three Directors elected at the first meeting
for the term of one year, and three for the term of two years. Thereafter at
each annual meeting there shall be elected three Directors to serve for the
term of two years. In the event of the death or resignation of the Secretary
or Treasurer, the Board of Officers shall have power to fill such vacancies
until the next general election. The Board of Officers shall appoint inspectors
of imported cattle with power to remove for cause and to fill vacancies.

Sec. 2. The Board of Officers of this corporation, as a Board, shall have
and take the entire control and management of its affairs and business, with
full power and authority to do what they deem proper and best for its interest,
provided that they shall have no authority to contract a debt or obligation
against the corporation beyond its current expenses. And in such case, not
beyond the amount of cash in the treasury, and that nothing shall be done
which is not in accordance with the purpose and spirit of the charter and
By-Laws.

Sec. 3. At any meeting of the Board of Officers, which is duly called, a
majority of its members shall constitute a quorum for business.

Sec. 4. A legal meeting of the Board of Officers of this corporation may
be held at any time and place, when and where all the members of the Board
are present together and agree to hold a meeting, and all votes and acts done
at such meeting shall have the same validity and effect as they could have if
passed and done at a regularly called meeting.

Sec. 5. A meeting of the Board of Officers shall be held on the day of the
annual meeting of the members, and a meeting may be called bv the Presi-
dent or Secretary, or by a majority of the Directors, when, in his or their
judgment, the affairs or business of the corporation make it necessary for the
Board of Officers to hold a meeting.

Sec. 6. Notice calling special meetings of the Board of Officers shall be
given by the person calling the meeting, in writing, setting forth the date and
place of meeting, and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is to be
held, and no other business than that specified in the notice shall be acted
on, unless all the members of the Board of Officers are present.

44 BT-LAWS OF THE [May,

Sec. 7. Members of the Board of Officers cannot vote by proxy at meet-
ings of the Board, but any member of the Board who cannot attend a duly
called meeting, may address a letter to the Board of Officers, in which
he may discuss the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, and
state how he will vote on the question or questions which may come before
the meeting under the notice, and such letter and such votes shall be read in
the meeting, and the votes shall be counted and have the same effect as they
would if the member was personally present and voted.

Sec. 8. All notices or calls for meetings of the Board of Officers shall be
recorded at length in the Record- Book of the corporation, and the substance of
all letters from members of the Board, containing votes on matters set forth in
the notice calling the meeting, shall also be recorded; and such letters shall be
kept on file, and all proceedings had and votes passed at meetings of the Board
of Officers shall be fully set forth and recorded in the Record-Book.

Sec. 9. The President shall preside at all meetings of the members of the
corporation, and all meetings of the Board of Officers, when he is present; and
when he is absent or unable to perform the duties of the office, a Vice-
President shall act in his stead. The president shall sign all certificates of
membership which may be issued.

Sec. 10. The Treasurer shall be the custodian of cash, funds and securities
belonging to the corporation, and shall deposit, invest, or otherwise dispose of
the same, as the Board of Officers may direct. He shall give a bond with
sureties to the satisfaction of the Board of Officers.

Sec. 11. The Secretary shall be the corresponding and recording officer of
the corporation, and shall receive and attend to, and dispose of, as the charter
and By-Laws require, all applications for membership in the corporation, all
applications for registry of animals in the Herd-Book, and all applications for
transfer registry of animals in the Herd-Book, and shall sign and issue all
certificates of membership and registry, and of transfer registry, and shall keep
a record of all such certificates issued. He is authorized to expend such sums
as he may find necessary for the carrying on of the business of the association.

Sec. 12. He shall edit and publish the Herd-Book at such times and in
•such form as the Board of Officers may direct.

Sec. 13. He shall issue notices of the time and place of the annual meet-
ing of the corporation, and of special meetings which the Board of Officers may
'order to be called; but no amendments to the charter or By-Laws shall be
made at any meeting, either annual or special, unless thirty days' notice of
the substance of such proposed amendments has been given by the Secretary in
the call for such meeting.

Sec. 14. He shall issue notices of meetings of the Board of Officers, when
requested to do so by the President, or by a majority of the Directors.

Sec. 15. He shall record all notices of meetings in the Record-Book of the
corporation, and certify therein that they were issued and sent in accordance
with the provisions of the By-Laws.

1 88s.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION 45.

Sec. 16. He shall keep full and accurate records of all the meetings of the
corporation and of the Board of Officers, at which he is present, and when he
is absent, a Secretary, fro te?n^07-e, shall be chosen to attend to and perform the
duties of the Secretary.

Sec. 17. He shall keep an accurate account in detail of all moneys received
and paid out by him in the performance of his duties, a copy of which he shall
transmit to the Treasurer once in each quarter year, during the first month of
the quarter. And shall give a bond satisfactory to the Board of Officers.

Sec. 18. The Board of Officers shall hereafter, at their last meeting prior
to the annual election of officers, fix the salaries of all salaried officers for the
next ensuing year.

Sec. 19. The Board of Officers shall take cognizance of any and all specific
charges made and presented to them in writing against any member of this
corporation, for violation of his obligation to this corporation, or to any of its
members, and shall appoint a committee of two members of the corporation
to hear the parties and take proofs relevant to the charges, in writing and
under oath, and to report the same in full, with their opinion of the matter,
to the Board of Officers.

Sec. 20. The accusers and accused shall then, if they desire it, be heard
before the Board of Officers, or a majority of them, and after such hearing, or
opportunity afforded by the Board to the parties to have such hearing, they
shall determine whether the charges made have been proved, and, if so,
whether the accused ought to forfeit his membership in the corporation, and
take such action in the matter as they may deem advisable.

ARTICLE III. — OF MEETINGS.

Section i. Notice of all meetings of the corporation and of the Board
of Officers shall be mailed at least fourteen days before the time named for the
meeting.

Sec. 2. All notices of meetings shall be served by sending a written or
printed copy, by mail, to the post-office address of each member entitled to
such notice, and shall fully set forth the matters to be acted on at such meeiing.

Sec. 3. If the Board of Officers deem it advisable to hold the annual
meeting, or any special meeting of the corporation, or any meeting of the
Board of Officers, at any other place than Buffalo, N. Y., and so order, the
Secretary shall make the notices, calling the meeting, in accordance with the
order of the Board.

Sec. 4. Special meetings of the members of the corporation shall be
called when a majority of the members of the Board of Officers join in a
request or direction to the Secretary to call such meeting.

Sec. 5. The travelling expenses of the Board of Officers, when called
together for the transaction of business of the association, shall be paid out of
the funds of the association.

46 BY-LAWS OF THE {May,

Sec. 6. One-third of all the members of the corporation shall constitute
a quorum for business at the annual meeting, and at any special meeting
duly called.

ARTICLE IY.-OF THE HERD-BOOK.

Section i. This corporation shall publish the Holstein-Friesian Herd-
Book at intervals of not less than one year.

Sec. 2. Each volume of the Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book shall contain the
charter and By-Laws and a list of members of the corporation, the record of the
proceedings at all meetings held since the publication of the last volume of the
Herd-Book, the reports of the officers, and any other matters of general interest
which the Board of Directors may deem advisable to publish, and an accurate
registry of all the animals accepted for registry in it, which shall be divided in
two parts, one part containing the registry of bulls, and the other the registry
of cows. Such registry shall set forth the number, the name, the date of
birth, the name and residence of the breeder and owner, and if imported, the
name of the importer, the markings of the animal sufficient for its identifica-
tion, and the names and numbers of both sire and dam in the Herd- Book. It
shall contain the record of pedigrees, but no plates, engravings, or publication
of any records of animals.

Sec. 3. In the Herd-Book there shall, be registered only such animals as
are determined, under the rules and regulations of this corporation, to be
thoroughbred."

Sec. 4. Thoroughbred Holstein-Friesian shall be held to mean and refer
to only those large, improved, black and white cattle already registered in the
Holstein and Dutch-Friesian Herd- Books, and such as are descended from them
in direct line, both as to sire and dam, and such imported animals or their
descendants as are registered in the Netherlands, Friesian or North Holland
Herd-Books, proved by the affirmation of the breeder of the animal, satisfactory
to the inspector.

Sec. 5. American bred animals shall only be registered in the Herd-
Book upon application made upon, or following, the form furnished by the
corporation, and the payment of a fee of one dollar by members of the cor-
poration, and of two dollars by persons not members, for the registry of each
animal, which must accompany the application. No two animals shall have the
same name. Only direct descendants of an animal shall be entitled to the family
name with numbers prefixed or added, and after the first generation the family
name only in combination. Males shall only be entitled to the family name in
combination, in which the family name shall be first. In all combinations
the name of the sire in part, or in full, shall be used as desired by the
applicant. All titles of distinction, nobility, military, or honorary, and all
first or given names, not in use as family names, shall be free for use in com-
bination.

Sec. 6. Only members of this association may register imported animals,
shipped from Europe after March iSth, 18S5. When application for registry

/<?#.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 47

of imported animals is made, the certificate of the breeder of the animal made
upon, or following, the form for such certificates furnished by this corporation,
is required.

Sec. 7. Animals must be transferred to owners before their offspring are
registered.

Sec. 8. Application for registry of imported animals shall be made to the
Secretary, and by him referred to the inspector, who shall visit and separately
examine each imported animal proposed for registry, and the certificate of the
breeder relating to such animal ; and the inspector shall make his report of the
result of such examination, in writing, on or annexed to the breeder's certifi-
cate. The importer's name to be inserted in breeders' certificate before
shipment, and after June 10th, until July 1st, 1S85, it shall be verified by list
from American consul. On and after July 1st, 1S85, all breeders' certificates
must be numbered by the Secretary, who shall fill in the name and address of
importer. The certificates shall bear the official seal of the association. The
Secretary shall keep a record of the number of certificates, and to whom issued.
No imported animal under one year of age shall be examined or accepted for
registry. All imported animals shall be registered in the name of the
importer. The application for registry of animals imported in dam must be
signed by the importer. All applications for registry of animals, which are not
filed with the Secretary within one year from date of birth or importation, shall be
charged three times the usual registry fee. All animals bred in America shall
be registered in the name of the owner, in which case a certificate of service is
required from the owner of the bull, and the signature of the breeder to the
application. No imported animal shipped from Europe after March iSth, 1S85,
shall be eligible to registry in the Herd-Book, unless the animal or its dam and
sire are registered in the Netherlands, Friesian or North Holland Herd-Book.
In recording such imported animal, if it be recorded in the Netherlands,
Friesian or North Holland Herd-Book, its name and number shall be spread
upon the records, if not recorded there, its breeding, as it appears in the
Netherlands, Friesian or North Holland Herd- Book, with the names and
numbers by which its sire and dam are registered in such Herd-Book, shall be
spread upon the register of this association. Any person applying to the
Secretary for the inspection of imported animals shipped from Europe after
March 18th, 18S5, shall pay to the Secretary of the association five dollars for
each animal to be inspected before such inspection is ordered, and after such
payment, the Secretary shall be authorized to order such inspection, the inspec-
tion to be made at quarantine or upon the farm of the importer. The registry
fee for each imported animal shall be twenty dollars. Inspectors shall receive
from the association, as compensation, ten dollars for each day, and five dollars
for each night, occupied in inspecting cattle and in going to and from places of
inspection. All necessary and reasonable travelling expenses shall be paid by
the association. No imported animal shall be accepted for registration until it
has been passed by an inspector, and the inspectors shall be instructed that no
animal be accepted for registry in the Herd-Book, except those of superior
excellence, that might fairly be ranked as strictly first-class.

48 BY-LAWS. {May, 1885.

Sec. 9. When an animal is accepted for registry the Secretary shall issue
a certificate of the fact to the owner, giving the number and name and des-
cription the animal will take in the Herd-Book.

Sec. 10. A register of transfer of ownership of any animal registered in
the Herd-Book will be made on application of the owner and payment of fifty
cents by members of the corporation, and one dollar by all other persons; a
certificate of such transfer will be made by the Secretary. A charge of fifty
cents will be made for each duplicate, certificate, or registry of transfer.

Sec. 11. Every application for the registry of an animal in the Herd-
Book shall be taken as the guarantee of the owner that the animal is thorough-
bred, and that all the matters stated in the application are true, No application
for registry or transfer will receive attention unless accompanied with the
required fee.

Sec. 12. If, after registry of an animal in the Herd-Book, anything shall
be learned which raises a doubt as to the propriety of such registration, the
Board of officers shall cause the matter to be investigated ; and if it shall be
found that an animal has been improperly registered, they shall cause the
registry to be expunged, and take such other steps or measures as the nature
of the case in their judgment may require.

ARTICLE Y.

In accordance with the provision of the charter a system of Advanced
Registry shall be provided for by the Board of Offices. It shall be under the
management of a Superintendent to be elected by members of the association,
and to be a member of the Board of Officers. Said registry to be published in
a separate volume.

ARTICLE YI.

The seal of the corporation shall be circular-faced die, with the name of
the corporation, the date of charter, and the head of a Holstein-Friesian animal
so cut on the face of it that the whole can be embossed on paper by pressure,
and the minutes of this meeting shall be sealed with it.

FIRST MEETING OF THE

BOARD OF OFFICERS

OF THE

HOLSTEIN-pRIESlAN ASSOCIATION

OF AMERICA,

HELD AT BUFFALO, NEW YORK, MAY 26, 1885, AT 11.45 P. M.

Present, Messrs. L. T. Yeomans, Dr. F. W. Patterson, W. M. Singerly,
Geo. F. Jackson, G. S. Miller, F. C. Stevens, C. R. Payne, W. C. Brayton,
C. W. Horr, W. R. Smith, W. G. Powell, and T. B. Wales, Jr.

Mr. W. R. Smith moved that Mr. Isaac C. Otis, of Jordan, New York, be
made temporary inspector, in order that certain imported cattle of Mr. Edgar
Huidekoper may be examined at once.

Which motion prevailed.

Adjourned at 12 p. m.

SECOND MEETING OF THE

BOARD OF OFFICERS

OF THE

F[olstdin-Friesi/in Association

OF AMERICA,

AT BUFFALO, NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, MAY 27. 1SS5, AT 10 A. M.

Present, T. G. Yeomans, Dr. F. W. Patterson, Geo. F.Jackson, W. C. Bray-
ton, G. S. Miller, C. R. Payne, C. W. Horr, W. R. Smith, W. G- Powell, S.
Hoxie, T. B. Wales, Jr.

Mr. J. W. Stillwell requested that a special inspector be named to examine
an imported animal near Nashville, Tenn. Ear-mark, No. 253.

It was voted, that an inspector be sent as soon as appointed, which would
be during the present day.

Mr. Wing R. Smith moved that a committee be appointed by the chair to
investigate the matter of the registration of imported animals by Mr. Chas. W.
Wolcott, of Readville, Mass, in his name, when the animals are claimed to
have been owned by Mr. C. Stuijt, Jr., of Beemster, North Holland. Report
to be made to the Board of Officers.

The motion prevailed.

The chair appointed as such committee, Messrs. Wing R. Smith and
Gerrit S. Miller.

Applications for membership were received from G. V. DeGraff", John
Hancock, R. N. Stevens, and S. P. Howard, which were accepted.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 51

The applications for membership of Messrs. D. H. Archibald, T. S. Perrv,
Albert French, and Henry Horn, gentlemen not personally known to any
member of the Board, were referred to the Secretary to obtain necessary
proof of their eligibility, and to report same by letter to each member of the
Board.

The following gentlemen were elected inspectors of imported cattle :

Dr. F. W. Patterson,

0. P. Chapmax,

Isaac C. Otis,

S. Burchard,

S. N. Wright,

Carey R. Smith.
It was voted that a meeting of the inspectors (excepting C. R. Smith, of
California, who is to receive full instruction by letter) be held at Rochester,
New York, on the 13th of June, for conference, that a perfect understanding
be arrived at in regard to the inspection of imported animals. It was further
voted that the expenses incurred by the inspectors attending this meeting, be
paid from the funds of the association.

Mr. G. S. Miller then moved to arrange rules to govern the Advanced
Registry of the association, and after full and careful deliberation, the following
were considered section by section, agreed upon, and on motion of Mr. W. R.
Smith, were adopted as a whole:

RULES FOR ADVANCED REGISTRY.

PREAMBLE.

In accordance with the requirements of the Charter and By-Laws of the
association, the Board of Officers do adopt the following rules for the estab-
lishment of a system of registry, to be known as the Advanced Registry
of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America.

RULE I.

The Superintendent of Advanced Registry shall have charge of this registry.
Under the general supervision and direction of the Board of Officers, he shall
prepare and publish blank forms and circulars, needed in carrying this system
into effect ; receive and attend to all applications for this registry ; make or
cause to be made, all examinations of cattle for it; have oversight and
direction of all official tests of milk or butter production for it; issue all certifi-
cates of registry for it over his signature and the seal of the association ; edit
and publish all publications of this registry, and perform such other duties as
may be required of him by the Board of Officers, to secure the efficiency and
success of this system. He shall keep an accurate account in detail of all
moneys received or paid out by him in the performance of these duties, a
copy of which he shall transmit to the Treasurer of this association, once in
each quarter year, during the first month of the quarter. And he shall make
a full report of his work to the Board of Officers whenever they shall require
it, at least once in each year, at date of annual meeting. He shall give a bond
satisfactorv to the Board of Officers.

52 ADVANCED REGIS TR 2' OF THE [May,

RULE II.

The Board of Officers shall appoint one or more persons to be known as
Inspectors of Advanced Registry, whose duties shall be to examine cattle for
this registry, and take charge of tests for it, whenever in the faithful discharge
of his other duties, the Superintendent is unable to perform this work, in any
particular case or cases.

At the opening of each volume of this registry the Superintendent, with
the assistance of such Inspectors, shall prepare a schedule of structural and
physiological requirements of animals to be admitted to such volume. This
schedule shall be submitted to the Board of Officers, who shall have power to
alter or amend it. Then it shall become the standard below which no animal
shall be received to that particular volume. When such volume is published
this standard of requirements shall be given in the introduction.

No one shall examine cattle for this registry over which he has charge, or
in which he has a pecuniary interest.

RULE III.

For purposes of convenience in describing cattle offered for this registry,
they shall be classified as follows, viz:

All animals from two to three years of age, in a class to be known as the
Two year form.

All animals from three to four years of age, in a class to be knowrn as the
Three year form.

All animals from four to five years of age, in a class to be known as the
Four year form. And

All animals above five years of age, in a class to be known as the Full
age form.

RULE IV.

An animal to be eligible to Advanced Registry must pass an examination by
the Superintendent, or one of the Inspectors, and be reported by him as
worthy of such registry. In such report the following particulars shall be
given, viz: Name of animal; number in Herd- Book; age at time of examina-
tion in years and months, or in years, months and days; comparative size;
general form ; build so far as relates to structure of chine and levelness of
loin, hip and rump; escutcheon; mammary veins; handling; color of the skin
and secretions ; general appearance and style ; and, in case of cows, size and
flexibility of udder. Such report shall also give accurate measurements of
height of shoulders, height of hips, length of body, length from hook bone to
point of rump, width of hips at the hook bones, width at the thurl bones, and
girth of chest at its smallest circumference, and the condition, age and weight
of the animal at the time of measurement.

[RULE V.

A bull to be eligible to this registry must have proven his superior quality
by his progeny, and must scale at least eighty points of the scale adopted by
the Board of Officers.

1S85.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 53

RULE VI.

A cow to be eligible to this registry must have borne a calf, and made one
or more of the following records, viz :

If calving in the two year form, a record of not less than ten lbs. of
butter in seven consecutive days, or not less than 7,200 lbs. of milk in ten con-
secutive months, or not less than 396 lbs. of milk in ten consecutive days,
previous to eight months from and after date of calving, in which last case
she shall have made another record of 132 lbs. in ten consecutive days after
such period of eight months.

If calving in the three year form, a record of not less than twelve lbs. of
butter in seven consecutive days, or not less than 8,500 lbs. of milk in ten
consecutive months, or not less than 473 lbs. of milk in ten consecutive days,
previous to eight months from and after date of calving, in which last case she
shall have made another record of 154 lbs. in ten consecutive days after such
period of eight months.

If calving in the four year form, a record of not less than fourteen lbs. of
butter in seven consecutive days, or not less than 10,000 lbs. of milk in ten
consecutive months, or not less than 550 lbs. in ten consecutive days, previous
to eight months from and after date of calving, in which last case she shall
have made another record of not less than 1S7 lbs. in ten consecutive days
after such period of eight months.

If calving in the full age form, a record of not less than sixteen lbs. of
butter in seven consecutive days, or not less than 11,500 lbs. of milk in ten
consecutive months, or not less than 633 lbs. of milk in ten consecutive days,
previous to eight months from and after date of calving, in which last case
she shall have made another record of not less than 212 lbs. in ten consecutive
days, after such period of eight months.

All of these records shall be made within a period of eleven months from
date of calving.

In making each and every such record the cow shall be milked clean at
its commencement, and the close shall not extend beyond the number of days
reported, reckoned at twenty-four hours each. In each and every butter record
reported the butter shall be of good marketable quality, salted at not higher
than one ounce of salt to a pound of butter, and worked free from any excess
of water or buttermilk.

In reporting each and every record, the date of calving shall be given, the
age of the cow at such date, the date of commencement of record, the date of
close of record, and the number of pounds of milk or butter produced.

Every such record shall be sworn to by each and every person assisting in
making it, including in every case the owner of the animal. Such affidavits
shall set forth, that the record, or records, were made in accordance with these
rules, and that they are true in each and every particular, to the best knowl-
edge and belief of the subscriber thereto. The examiner shall also certify,
that in his judgment, the animal is capable of making such record or records.

54 ADVANCED REGISTRY OF THE [May,

RULE VII.

If, in the judgment of the examiner, the registry of any animal ought to
be delayed, for further growth and development, or for further records, or
ought to be refused for any reason whatever, he shall inform the applicant
of such decision within ten days after making the examination. The appli-
cant may then appeal from such decision to the Board of Officers. The
Board may act upon such appeal at any time previous to the annual meeting
of the association thereafter. They may call in the assistance of other cattle
experts, or decide the case without such assistance, but if the action is delayed
beyond the date of the annual meeting thereafter, the appeal shall fail and
the decision of the examiner shall be sustained.

RULE VIII.

An animal may be examined in each and every form, but no more than
one examination of the same animal shall be made in one and the same form.
Records of milk and butter production of any cow may be recorded for each
and every form, if the rules of the association have been complied with in
making such records. Re-entry of cows may be made in different volumes
of this registry, when other records have been made in forms not previously
recorded, or other offspring have been produced not previously given.

RULE IX.

No pedigree shall be given in Advanced Registry, unless by request of
applicant. Upon such request and the payment of the fees required in such
cases, a correct pedigree furnished by him shall be recorded in accordance
with a uniform mode that shall be maintained throughout the volume of this
registry in which such entry is made. Offspring of cows may also be given,
together with the sires of such offspring.

RULE X.
Every application for this registry shall be carefully examined by the
Superintendent. He shall ascertain that all the requirements of these rules have
been complied with, that the name, number, age, pedigree and offspring given
are in accordance with the records in the Herd-Book of this association, or in the
Herd-Books of the former Holstein or the former Dutch-Friesian Association.
If the requirements have been met, and such statements are correct, he shall
then enter the animal in a manuscript volume of this registry, and issue a
certificate to the applicant in form and language substantially as in the entry.
The application and all other evidence, upon which he makes such entry,
shall be kept on file by him, subject to examination by any member of this
association. In making entries he may correct clerical mistakes and change
any diffuse or incorrect language given in the applications, to more concise
and uniform expressions, having the same meanings.

RULE XI.

Any incorrect entry may be expunged from the manuscript volume of

this registry, and the certificate of such entry revoked by the Board of

Officers, upon evidence of its incorrectness. The Board may also expunge any

such entry that has been published, and revoke the certificate of such entry,

1885.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 55

but in such a case they shall cause to be published, in leading cattle journals
and in the next following volume of this registry, the revocation of such
certificate.

RULE XII.

The necessary travelling expenses of the officers created by these rules,
while engaged in their duties, other than examinations, shall be paid by the
association.

Travelling expenses incurred in making examinations shall be paid by the
applicants, for whom cattle are examined and collected by the Superintendent.
If cattle of different applicants are examined at the same time, or during the
same trip, the officer making such examinations, shall divide such travelling
expenses among such applicants, fro rata, according to the number of cattle
examined for each.

For time necessarily spent in making the examinations, the examiner shall
be paid in the same manner, and at the same rate per day as provided in Arti-
cle IV., Section 8, of the By-Laws of this association.

For making and keeping this advanced registry, editing and publishing it,
and for the performance of such other duties required of him by these rules,
the Superintendent shall be paid a just and reasonable compensation, to be
fixed by the Board of Officers, on or before the close of each year of such
service.

RULE XIII.

The fee for entry in this form of registry shall be five dollars per animal
for members, and ten dollars for non-members. The fee for entry of pedigree
of animals admitted to this registry shall be twenty-five cents for each name
given in such pedigree, providing that the fees in no case shall be less than one
dollar, or more than three dollars. The aggregate fees for entry of offsping,
in connection with the registry of dam shall be one dollar.

RULE XIV.

In publishing this registry cattle shall be arranged in two divisions, viz.:
Bulls and Cows. The entries in each division shall be arranged according to
the names of the animals in alphabetical order. New numbers shall in no
case be given, but each animal shall appear with the original name and number
under which it is recorded in the Herd-Book of this association, or in the Herd-
Books of the former Holstein or the former Dutch-Friesian Association. The
different volumes of this registry shall be sold at prices fixed by the Board of
Officers, but each member shall be entitled to a copy of all such publications,
free of charge.

RULE XV.

These rules may be altered or amended by an affirmative vote of a majority
of the members of the Board of Officers at any of its regular meetings, pre-
vious notice of proposal to make such alteration or amendment having been
given in accordance with the provisions of Article III., of the By-Laws of this
association.

56 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. [May, iSSj.]

Mr. T. F. Koch, of Groningen, Holland, was heard in regard to his appli-
cation for membership, which had been rejected, he not being a citizen of North
America.

After mature deliberation by the board. Mr. G. S. Miller moved that the
matter be laid on the table, which motion prevailed, and the Secretary was
instructed to inform Mr. Koch of the decision.

Mr. Koch then asked that he be allowed to present for registration a lot of
sixty head of animals he had already on the water, which were purchased by
him in Holland, in the full expectation that he would be admitted a member
of the Holstein Association.

Mr. W. R. Smith then offered the following resolution:

Resolved, That under the peculiar circumstances of Mr. Koch, the appended
resolution be offered at the next meeting of the association, and that our Sec-
retary be, and hereby is instructed to receive application for the registry of the
sixty head of imported animals referred to, to receive the fees therefor, and
to hold certificates and money until acted upon by the association, and if acted
favorably upon, then to deliver up said certificates of registry, and to place the
funds in the treasury of the association, and in case it is acted upon unfavora-
bly, that the registration fee of twenty dollars for each animal be returned to
Mr. Koch, and the inspection fee of five dollars for each animal be retained;
and further, that Mr. Koch be made fully aware of our action in this matter.

Adopted.

The following is the communication Mr. Smith proposed the board should
offer at the first meeting of the association, which wras agreed upon :

Whereas, Mr. T. F. Koch, now a resident, but not a citizen of North
America, has imported and made application for the registration of a certain
lot of sixty head of cattle purchased by, or for him, in Holland; and

Whef.eas, Mr. Koch made this importation under circumstances and con-
ditions that to us seem peculiar and unusual, having made due and proper
application for membership before the union of the two associations, we there-
fore suggest and request that the association act on this case, and that such a
resolution be passed as will admit to registry this particular lot of animals.

Mr. S. Hoxie was authorized to expend such sums as he may find necessary
in carrying out the rules adopted for the Advanced Registry.

The quantity of milk and butter agreed upon as requirements for Advanced
Registry was reconsidered, and the inspectors were instructed to increase them
in all classes ten per cent.

Adjourned.

Note.— The ten per cent, additional requirement, as voted to be added to
milk records, is included in amounts given in printed Rules.

MEMBERS

|*l^tein» JTtymti Ysjtocfatum ff ^tn^ricti*

7f IKEN, M. A.,
Albaugh, N. H.,
Allen, Irving W.,
Allen, Wm. H.,
Allls, Jere,
T3ABCOCK, F. G.
Baker, Rufus,
Barney, N. C,
Barr, W. R.,
Beal, Prof. W. J.,
Bell, John W.,
Beuchler, J. R.,

BlDWELL, M. S.,

Bishop, W. W.,
Black, James,
Blessing, C. L. G.,
Bleyker, J. DEN,

BOARDMAN, H. E.,

Borton, Job H.,
Bower, B. B.,
Brace, H. L.,
Bradley, A.,
Brayton, W. C,

Oneida, New York.
Tadmor, Ohio,
East Syracuse, New York.
Groton, New York.
Isinours, Minnesota.
Hornellsville, New York.
Fairfield, Michigan.
New York City, New York.
New York City, New York.
Lansing, Michigan.
Shelbyville, Kentucky.
Leesburg, Virginia.
Monterey, Massachusetts.
Aurora, Illinois.
Stanley, New York.
Slingerland's, New York.
Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Rochester, New York.
West Unity, Ohio.
Anchorage, Kentucky.
West Winfield, New York.
Lee, Massachusetts.
Syracuse, New York.

58

MEMBERS OF THE

[May,

Brockett, C. Z.,
Brooks, J. T.,
Brown, A. W.,
Brown, Geo. E.,
Buchanan, Jas. N.,

BUEL, W. J.,

Burch, Robert,
Burchard, Sylvester,
Burrell, David H.,
Burrell, E. J.,
pARLISLE, N. S.,
Carpenter, G. M.,
Chaffee, B.,
Chapin, Wm. M.,
Chapman, O. P.,
Chenery, W. L.,
Clark, W. B.,
Clark, Wm. B.,
Cole, A. F.,
Cole, Ogden,
Cole, O. R.,
Comer, J. H.,
Coon, Morel,
Cooper,. Irving C,
Coy, Edward L.,
Crandall, W. D.,
Crapser, Chas.,
Cruikshank, J. W.,
Cummings, John,
Curtis, N. B.,
T\ALE, M. H.,
Dean, John L.,
DeGraff, G. V.,
Dilger, Hubert,
Dodge, Thos. H.,
Dorwin, Wm. E.,
Downing, A. S.,
Durnall, Edwin J.,
Dutcher, J. B.,

Bouckville, New York.
Salem, Ohio.

Unadilla Forks, New York.
Aurora, Illinois.
Chicago, Illinois.
Hamilton, New York.
West Schuyler, New York.
Hamilton, New York.
Little Falls, New York.
Little Falls, New York.
Geneva, Illinois.
Waverly, Pennsylvania.
Springville, New York.
Sheffield, Massachusetts.
Wellington, Ohio.
Belmont, Massachusetts.
Nashville, Tennessee.
Hillsdale, Michigan.
Pine Woods, New York.
Rollin, Michigan.
Solsville, New York.
New York City, New York.
West Edmeston,' New York.
Theresa, New York.
West Hebron, New York.
West Edmeston, New York.
Cresco, Iowa.
Troy, Ohio.

Woburn, Massachusetts.
Stockbridge, Massachusetts.
Scranton, Pennsylvania.
Westmoreland, New York.
Cortland-on-Hudson, New York
Front Royal, Virginia.
Worcester, Massachusetts.
Owego, New York.
Palmyra, New York.
Goshenville, Pennsylvania.
Pawling, New York.

i885.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

59-

T^ ASTON, H. S.,
Ellis, A. V.,
Ellis, J. T.,
Ellwood, L.,
Emerson, S. B.,
Emrick, G. M.,
Ewing, William L.,
"I^AY, Elon G.,
Figuers, T. N.,
Finnegan, Thomas,
Fitch, C. H.,
Fletcher, Geo. B.,
Frederick, L. S.,
Frost, Rufus S.,

FULLERTON, WlLLIAM,

p ALE, H. C,
Gardiner, W. L.,
Gebbie, Alexander,
Geddes, Geo.,
Gibney, Mathew,

GlFFORD, W. H.,

Gilbert, F. M.,

GOODFELLOW, CORNELIUS,

Guthrie, J. D.,
TTACK, W. C,
Hancock, John,
Hanke, William,
Harvey, T. W.,
Harwood, P. M.,
Hatch, H. H.,
Haviland, Jos.,
Hemingway, W. L.,
Henderson, Jas. L.,
Hibbard, H. G.,
Hicks, John H.,
Hicks, William H.,
Hinkley, D. J.,

HlNKLEY, O. B.,

Horr, C. W.,

Penn Yan, New York.
Austin, Minnesota.
Flemington, New Jersey.
Schenectady, New York.
Mountain View, California.
Chicago, Illinois.
St. Louis, Missouri.
Bryan, Ohio.
Columbia, Tennessee.
Bouckville, New York.
Boston, Massachusetts.
Williamsport, Pennsylvania.
Shelbyville, Kentucky.
Boston, Massachusetts.
Clifton Station, Virginia.
Tivoli, New York.
Norwalk, Ohio.
Lowville, New York.
Fairmont, New York.
Doylestown, Pennsylvania.
Syracuse, New York.
Des Moines, Iowa.
Cato, New York.
Shelbyville, Kentucky.
Orwell, Vermont.
Barre, Mssachusetts.
Iowa City, Iowa.
Chicago, Illinois.
Barre, Massachusetts.
Bay City, Michigan.
Glens Falls, New York.
Jackson, Mississippi.
Washington, Pennsylvania.
Orwell, Vermont.
West Chester, Pennsylvania.
Goshenville, Pennsylvania.
Brookfield, New York.
Brookfield, New York.
Wellington, Ohio.

60

MEMBERS OF THE

{May,

Houghton, F. L.,
Howard, S. P.,
Howard, Warren A.,
Howkins, Wm.,
Hoxie, S.,
Hoxie, S. L.,
Huidekoper, A. C,
Huidekoper, Edgar,
Hunt, Charles,
Hunter. John,
Hush, Valentine G.,

JACKSON, Geo. F.,
Jackson, Wm. O.,
Jewett, F. J.,
Jewett, Henry C,
Jones, Edgar.
Jones, Leander,

TT'EYES, H. W.,

Koch, William,

T AMB, Anthony,

Langdon, Samuel A.,

Langworthy, Hollum,

Langworthy, Irwin,

Langworthy, Morgan,

Leonard, H. D.,

Ligget, Wm. M.,

Lightner, John,

Lord, B. B.,

Lord, C. J.,

TT/TcALPIN, D. H.,

McEwan, Wm.,

McGraw, T. H.,

McIntyre, S. Maxwell,

McNary, Frank E.,

McVeagh, Wayne,

Mann, F. J.,

Mann, J. S.,

Mann, S. S.,

Maxon, F. W.,

Putney, Vermont.
Fairport, New York.
Brocton, Massachusetts.
Newark, New Jersey.
Whitestown, New York.
South Edmeston, New York.
Meadville, Pennsylvania.
Meadville, Pennsylvania.
Delphi, New York.
Sterling Valley, New York.
Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Minneapolis, Minnesota.
South Bend, Indiana.
Farmington, New York.
Buffalo, New York.
Nashville, Tennessee.
Boone Grove, Indiana.
Newbury, Vermont.
New York City, New York.
Syracuse, New York.
Morrison, Illinois.
West Edmeston, New York.
South Brookfield, New York.
West Edmeston, New York.

Crary's Mills, New York.

Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Chester Centre, Iowa.

Sinclairville, New York.

Sinclairville, New York.

New York City, New York.

Bay City, Michigan.

Bay City, Michigan.

Dresden, New York.

West Le Roy, Michigan.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Gilman, Illinois.

Elgin, Illinois.

Elgin, Illinois.

Walworth, Wisconsin.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

61

Houghton, Charles,
Maxwell, Joshua I.,
Maxwell, T. C,
Merritt, M. F.,
Miller, Dudley,
Miller, Gerrit S.,
Mitchell, John,
Moore, H. C,
Moore, M. E.,
Morse, L. C,
Muncey, J. N.,
Myer, H. van W.,
Myers, M. J.,
TtTAVARRO, J. F.,
Neilson, James,
Newman, W. W.,
Niles, William,
Nowell, T. S.,
ADELL, John K.,
Officer, Thomas,
Osterhout, Stanton,
Otis, Isaac C,
pACKARD, B. G.,
Patterson, F. W.,
Patterson, W. H.,
Payne, C. R.,
Payne, L. H.,
Phelps, Edwin,
Phillips, E. R.,
Phillips, Wm. I.,
Pierce, George A.,
Poor, James C,
Pope, De Mott E.,
Potter, W. H.,
Potter, W. J.,
Powell, E. A.,
Powell, James L.,
Powell, Will, B.,
Powell, W. G.,

Boston, Massachusetts.
Geneva, New York.
Geneva, New York.
Stamford, Connecticut.
Oswego, New York.
Peterboro, New York.
VaiFs Gate, New York.
Fond du Lac, Wisconsin.
Cameron, Missouri.
Sparta, Wisconsin.
Jessup, Iowa.
Madison, New Jersey.
Wells, Minnesota.
New York City, New York.
New Brunswick, New Jersey.
South Onondaga, New York.
Los Angeles, California.
North Platte, Nebraska.
Hobart. New York.
Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Cobleskill, New York.
Jordan, New York.
Medina, New York.
Lochearn, Maryland.
Cresco, Iowa.
Hamilton, New York.
Garrettsville, Ohio.
Pontiac, Michigan.
Bay City, Michigan.
Ellington, New Yoik.
Derby Line, Vermont.
North Andover, Massachusetts.
South Edmeston, New York.
Alpena, Michigan.
Glens Falls, New York.
Syracuse, New York.
Springboro, Pennsylvania.
Springboro, Pennsylvania.
Springboro, Pennsylvania.

32

MEMBERS OF THE

[May,

Pratt, C,
Proper, W. W.,
TOAY, E. K.,

Ray, Joseph G.,
Reed, Wm. W.,
Roberts, Chas. W.,
Robins, J. N.,
Rowland, Lynford,
Rowley, W. A.,
Russell, Luther,
Russell, W. A.,
^CHUYLER, R. P.,

SCUDDER, OGDEN H.,

Severy, C. A.,
Severy, Dexter,
Severy, Hfnry A.,
Sexton, W. K.,
Shallcross, J. W. Jr.,
Sherman, D. H.,
Shimer, A. S.,

SlNGERLY, W. M.,

Slade, H. F.,
Smith, C. C,
Smith, Carey R.,
Smith, Elizur,
Smith, Eugene,
Smith, Harlan P.,
Smith, J. Gregory,
Smith, J. N.,
Smith, Thomas R.,
Smith, W. Brown,
Smith, W. H.,
•Smith, W. J.,
Smith, Wing R.,
Spencer, Theodore,
Spofford, T. M.,
Stanford, Leland,
Stanton, T. G.,
Stevens, F. C,

Syracuse, New York.
Jefferson, New York.
Franklin, Massachusetts.
Franklin, Massachusetts.
Erie, Pennsylvania.
West Chester, Pennsylvania.
New York City, New York.
Cheltenham, Pennsylvania.
Mt. Clemens, Michigan.
Burton, Ohio.
Lawrence, Massachusetts.
West Troy, New York.
Randolph, New York.
Leland, Illinois.
Leland, Illinois.
Sandwich, Illinois.
Howell, Michigan.
Louisville, Kentucky.
Dover Plains, New York.
Redington, Pennsylvania.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Oneonta, New York.
V ail's Gate, New York.
Santa Ana, California.
Lee, Massachusetts.
Madison Station, Tennessee.
East Saginaw, Michigan.
St. Albans, Vermont.
New York City, New York.
Lincoln, Virginia.
Syracuse, New York.
New Carlisle, Ohio.
Syracuse, New York.
Syracuse, New York.
Madison, New York.
Pulaski, Tennessee.
San Francisco, California.
Oxford, New York.
Attica, New York.

sSSs.]

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION

63

Stevens, Henry,
Stevens, R. N.,
Stillwell. J. W.,
Stockwell, B. F.,
Stone, J. L.,
Sturtevant, A. R.,
Sweet, Martin L.,
Sweezey, C. F.,
Sweezey, S. W.,
rpAYLOR, C. C,
Taylor, D. H.,
Tefft, E. A.,
Thompson, Samuel R.,
Thomson, M. C,

TlLTON, W. S.,

Tousey, W. H.,
Tracy, D. D.,
Trottfr, Henry,
Trulock, James H.,

TUCKERMAN, J. B.,

TTNDERWOOD, Arthur,
Underwood, J. M.,
T7ALE, B. R.,
Van Dreser, Henry,
Van Dreser, J. W.,
T7f TALES, Thomas B., Jr.,
Wales, Thomas B., 3D,
Walworth, C. O,
Warner, H. O.,
Warner, S. L.,
Warwick, George,
Washburn, E. M.,
Waterman, Henry,
Waterman, Rufus, Jr.,
Webber, W. L.,
Wells, George, L.,
Westover, William,
Wheeler, C. A.,
Wheeler, G. D.,

Lacona, New York.

Attica, New York.

Troy, Ohio.

Chester Centre, Iowa.

Waverly, Pennsylvania.

Springboro, Pennsylvania.

Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Marion, New York.

Marion, New York.

Collins, New York.

Strawberry Poir.t, Iowa.

South Elgin, Illinois.

Stelton, New Jersey.

South Plymouth, New York.

Togus, Maine.

Bay City, Michigan.

Erie, Pennsjlvania.

Salem, Ohio.

Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

Cassville, New York.

Addison, Michigan.

Lake City, Minnesota.

Bonaparte, Iowa.

Cobleskill, New York.

Cobleskill, New York.

Iowa City, Iowa.

Iowa City, Iowa.

Boston, Massachusetts.

New Milford, Connecticut.

New Milford, Connecticut.

Dummerstown, Vermont.

Lenox Furnace, Massachusetts.

Boston, Massachusetts.

East Greenwich, Rhode Island.

East Saginaw, Michigan.

Wethersfield, Connecticut.

Bay City, Michigan.

Deposit, New York.

Deposit, New York.

64

LIST OF MEMBERS.

{May, iSSj.]

White, Howard G.,
White, Josiah H.,
Whiting, G. M.,
Wilcox, A. G.,

WlLLETTS, W. R.,

Williams, Geo. F.,
Wilson, G. O.,
Wilson, J. B.,
Wilson, R. R.,
Wolcott, Charles W.,
Wood, Don J.,
Woolsey, W. W.,
Wright, Alfred P.,
Wright, J. F.,
Wright, S. N.,
yEOMANS, E. L.,
Yeomans, L. T.,
Yeomans, T. G.,

Syracuse, New York.
Lakeville, Cali{ornia.
Torrington, Connecticut.
Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Skaneateles, New York.
Fitchburg, Massachusetts.
Baltimore, Maryland.
Washington, Pennsylvania.
Plymouth, Wisconsin.
Readville, Massachusetts.
West Exeter, New York.
Aiken, South Carolina.
Buffalo, New York.
Shell Rock, Iowa.
South Elgin, Illinois.
Walworth, New York.
Walworth, New York.
Walworth, New York.

PROCEEDINGS

FIRST ANNUAL MEETING

i
J

.joctar

OF AMERICA,

HELD AT

Buffalo, New York, March 17TH, 18S6.

Reports of Meetings of the Board of Officers,

HELD AT BUFFALO, NEW YORK,

March i6th and 17TH, 1886.

Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, Davenport, Icwa.
1886.

OFFICERS OF THE

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

FOR 1886-7.

President, F. C. STEVENS, . . • Attica, N. Y.

First Vice-President, G. D. WHEELER, . . Deposit, N. Y.

Second Vice-President, WM. M. SINGERLY, . Philadelphia, Penn.

Third Vice-President, M. L. SWEET, . . . Grand Rapids, Mich.

Fourth Vice-President, DAVID H. BURRELL, . Little Falls, N. Y.

Treasurer, W. C. BRAYTON, . . Syracuse, N. Y.

Directors for Two Years.

W. JUDSON SMITH, .... Syracuse, N. Y.

F. L. HOUGHTON, Putney, Vt.

EDGAR HUIDEKOPER, . . . Meadville, Penn.

Directors for One Year.

GERRIT S. MILLER, .... Peterhoro, N. Y.

C. W. HORR, Wellington, Ohio.

C. R. PAYNE, Hamilton, N. Y.

Secretary and Editor,

THOMAS B.WALES, Jr., . . . Iowa City, Iowa.

Superintendent of Advanced Registry,

S. HOXIE, Whitestown, N. Y.

Inspectors of Imported Cattle, also of the
Advanced Registry.

ISAAC C. OTIS, Jordan, N. Y.

S. BURCHARD, . . . ' . . . Hamilton, Ohio.

O. P. CHAPMAN, . . . . . Wellington, Ohio.

S. N. WRIGHT, South Elgin, 111.

JAMES C. POOR, North Andover, Mass.

DR. F. W. PATTERSON, .... Lochearn, Md.

CAREY R. SMITH, .... Santa Ana, Cal.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST ANNUAL MEETING

OF AMEBIGA.
Held at Buffalo, New York, March 77, /8S6.

In pursuance of a notice issued February 12th, 1886, by the Secretary, the
meeting was called to order at 10 o'clock A. M., at the Genesee Hotel, Buffalo,
New York. President Theron G. Yeomans occupied the chair.

The first order of business was calling the roll, by the Secretary, showing
the number of members present in person to be 62, and by attorney, 153; total,
215.

It was moved by Mr. F. L. Houghton that a committee of two be appointed
to examine the proxies.

The motion was carried.

The President appointed as committee to examine proxies Messrs. F. L.
Houghton and H. Langworthy.

President Yeomans: I have prepared a few remarks which I wish to
make to the Association, and I will ask my son to read them to you, as he can
be heard better than I.

ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT YEOMANS.

Gentlemen of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America: It affords me
pleasure to be able to say, on this first annual meeting of our Association, that
the experience of the official year now closed has shown that the union of the
two associations forming the Holstein-Friesian Association of America has
proved so eminently harmonious and satisfactory that its members seem to
have forgotten, practically, to which organization they heretofore belonged;
and thus we may confidently expect to fully realize all the advantages which
were anticipated as the result of such union. As a united Association, we are
better able to protect and defend our interests, whenever and however assailed,
and in far better position to move forward to the accomplishment of the im-
portant objects for which our Association was organized.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

It may not be known to all of our members that at the meeting of your
Board of Officers at Eocb ester, last August, applications for membership were
made by two brothers — foreigners — known as Sluiter Brothers, and their
applications rejected, in accordance with our own By-Laws. About that time
they imported from Holland eighty head of cattle, which they advertised for
sale at auction, in New York, and applied to our Association to inspect and
register them; which, of course, was not done. Sluiter Brothers then com-
menced three actions in the Supreme Court, at Brooklyn, New York, against
our Association — one each to compel us to admit them to membership, and
one to compel us to inspect and register their cattle.

The complaints in these several actions were served on your President
Friday evening, at 8 o'clock, September 11th, and were returnable at Brooklyn
the following Tuesday, at 10 o'clock A. M. With this brief notice, he went
to Syracuse and consulted Messrs. E. A. Powell, Wing E. Smith, and W. C.
Brayton, and employed Hon. Frank Hiscock as counsel, and with him went
to Brooklyn to defend the action. Our case was presented by our counsel in a
very able and efficient manner, notwithstanding the brief time allowed to in-
vestigate the subject.

The several suits were decided in our favor, with costs against the plaintiffs.

These suits have been appealed by plaintiffs, and arguments set down for
February 8th, but, on their motion, have been put over to the June term of
court. It is believed these appeals are made not so much with an expectation
of getting the decisions of the court reversed as to give them time to sell more
cattle which they have since imported, and which they may hope to sell to
better advantage with the appeals pending than if they had not appealed.

The decision of the court in our behalf is brief and very emphatic, and will
be read for your information. Mr. Hiscock is retained for the further defense
of these actions.

Upon information which appeared to be reliable, your Secretary and Presi-
dent decided that the law required our annual meeting to be held in the state
of New York, where our charter was granted — at least, that it was not safe to
hold it elsewhere — and therefore, in pursuance of instructions of the last
meeting, it was called at Buffalo. The information upon which this action
was based will be given.

It may be remembered that at our organization the question was discussed,
and quite a diversity of opinions expressed, concerning the character of the
North Holland Herd-Book Association — as to whether we ought to consider it
worthy of our confidence. By a majority vote it was decided that we might
import animals registered by that association, which, if found individually
good on inspection here, could be registered by our Association. I submit to
your consideration whether the action of that organization and our subsequent
information as to its character have been such as to merit our confidence or
recognition hereafter.

The system of advanced registry has had my careful consideration, and I
am convinced that it will be greatly for our interest as an association to put it
into practical operation to as great an extent as is consistent with attendant
circumstances.

1886.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

The charge is often made by opposing interests that we have no authentic
records; that the statements floating about of phenomenal records of Holstein-
Friesian cows are merely a "cheap advertising dodge, and not entitled to
credit;" and one paper in the Jersey interest, referring to this subject, states
that "while the Holstein-Friesian Association has its rules and officers for
making tests, and the owners are members of the Association, there is not
published the slightest evidence that any effort was ever made to verify the
phenomenal yields claimed." Such slurs indicate that some of the Holstein-
Friesian records are a surprise to those who have their interests in the Jerseys,
and who begin to realize the danger of seeing the Jerseys stand second to the
Holstein-Friesians as butter-makers. Evidently the day is not far distant,
and is already dawning, when the Holstein-Friesian cow will be crowned
queen of the dairy.

It is recommended to persons who contemplate testing their cows writh a
view to entry in the Advanced Eegistry to make their records, especially for
milk, for the largest specified period of time; also, to make records of both
milk and butter, and thus more thoroughly establish, at every stage of our
progress, the true merits of this noble breed of cattle. The tests made in
pursuance of the rules adopted by our Association will not rest on the same
basis as those reported in Canada, or elsewhere, as made by using a quart of
sweet cream churned in a two-quart fruit-preserving jar, but upon that primi-
tive, practical, and reliable foundation, the milk-pail and churn, which never
mislead, and which common people, in the exercise of their good, plain com-
mon-sense, fully understand and appreciate without chemical analysis or in-
tricate scientific research. Consider the absurdity of a test made from one
quart of sweet cream from a lanky, leggy, unacclimated, twenty-two-months-
old Holstein-Friesian heifer, churned in a two-quart fruit-jar, giving a product
of 2.98 pounds of butter from 100 pounds of milk, as indicating the dairy
qualities of Holstein-Friesian cows, in comparison with a test of a herd of fifty
cows of the same breed made at an Illinois creamery by a disinterested party,
owning no cows, showing a product of 4 1-16 pounds of butter from 100 pounds
of milk, and another herd of about forty cows averaging 4.69 pounds of butter
to 100 pounds of milk. The first is simply fine-spun theory, proving nothing;
the latter, practical illustrations of facts fully demonstrated. The system of
advanced registry is well calculated to establish the reliability of the records
we make, and also act as an incentive to make records more than we otherwise
would.

It is my opinion that the present fee for registering in this department is
higher than is for the interest of the Association; that a reduction would tend
to encourage owners of animals to make the required tests and enter their
animals in this registry. Especially is this applicable to non-members who
may consider the expense of ten dollars for each animal a formidable obstacle,
which, perhaps, may virtually prevent them from taking an active interest in
this department. Wisdom would dictate that we should furnish to the breed-
ers who are not members all reasonable facilities for sharing the benefits
which, as an association, we can confer. They are chiefly the customers who

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

purchase our stock, and are entitled to our most favorable consideration and
encouragement; and, on general principles, a liberal policy is most successful.

It will be remembered, at least by those who attended the Fat Stock and
Dairy Show of the Illinois State Board of Agriculture, at Chicago, last Novem-
ber, that a special department was furnished for an exhibit of imitation butter
(butterine). That organization has decided to repeat the proceeding the com-
ing autumn. It is my opinion that any state or other agricultural or dairy
organization which gives countenance or favor to such a fraud should be
classed morally with counterfeiters of coin, or any other commodity intended
to defraud the public, and is unworthy the patronage of honorable men.
It is no justification for the issue of counterfeit money that it can often be
passed for genuine; neither is it a justification for any other fraud that it
cannot readily be detected.

The statistical information concerning the business of the Association for
the' year will be presented by the Secretary and Treasurer; and of the Ad-
vanced Registry, by the Superintendent of that department.

In conclusion, I wish to congratulate the Association and all breeders of
Holstein-Friesian cattle upon the rapidly increasing popularity of this breed
throughout the country. They are destined to grow in public favor just in
proportion as their intrinsic merits are carefully and systematically developed.

Mr. Gekeit S. Miller: I move that the Association tender a vote of thanks
to the President for his able address, and also for the efficient manner in which
he attended to the law-suits brought against the Association, and that the ad-
dress be published in the records of the proceedings of this meeting.

The motion was carried unanimously.

The report of the Secretary was called for by the President.

The Secretary, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., read the following report:

SECRETARY'S REPORT.
\

Mr. President and Gentlemen : I understand it to be my duty at this time
to make to you a report of my doings as the Secretary and Editor of our Asso-
ciation during the past year. There are many subjects of importance and of
interest to us, which will be presented during the continuance of our meeting,
on which I shall desire to express my views, but shall now confine myself
strictly to an account of my work during the year, and its results.

I have, as you know, prepared and issued Volume IX. of the Ffolstein
Herd-Book, a work of nearly 600 pages, which completed the registry of the
old Holstein Breeders' Association, and closed that registry with a total num-
ber of 4,664 bulls and 10,560 cows, or 15,224 animals of both sexes.

I have also revised and corrected the first fi^e volumes of the Holstein Herd-
Book, and prepared consolidated transfer lists and indexes of the same, in order
that the live volumes may be as easily used for reference as one. An edition
of 5(10 copies of this work has been printed.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

The uniting of the records of the old Holstein and of the old Dutch-Friesian
Associations has also heen brought into the work of the year, and although
necessitating a great amount of very careful labor, has been, I am pleased to
say, accomplished in such a manner that no confusion of pedigrees, no matter
into which of the old records they run, can easily occur.

The regular business of the year has not been allowed to suffer by the atten-
tion given to the above mentioned work, for Volume I. of the Holsteiu-Friesian
Registry is well under way ; indeed, I have already a part of it in print, and
of the extent of this work you will be able to form an estimate when I state
that up to the 13th inst., applications for registry in it had been received for
2,290 bulls and 2,901 cows, a total of 5,191 animals, and more to be heard from,
as entries only close to-day. This work caunot occupy less than 1,000 pages
of a size uniform with our old Herd-Book.

Our membership now numbers 284, having been increased since the union
of the Holstein and Dutch-Friesian Associations, on the 26th day of June last,
by the admission of eight members.

It is with sadness that I report to the Association the death of one of our
most respected and valuable members, and a former officer of the Holstein
Breeders' Association, the Hon. J. D. Guthrie, of Shelby ville, Kentucky.

From March 1st, 1885, to March 1st, 1886, there have been registered 2,314
bulls and 3,667 cows, making a total of 5,991 animals. Of these, 137 bulls and
389 cows were imported from Holland, and 189 bulls and 132 cows were im-
ported in dam.

Transfers of ownership have been made of 1,491 bulls and 3,313 cows, which
has necessitated the issue of 10,795 certificates of registry and transfer, or thirty-
four for each and every working day of the year.

There were registered, up to March 1st, 1886:

In the Holstein Herd-Book, 4,664 bulls.

In the Dutch-Friesian Herd-Book, 730 bulls.

In the Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book, 1,985 bulls.

In the Holstein Herd-Book, . 10,560 cows.

In the Dutch-Friesian Herd-Book, . . 1,937 cows.

In the Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book, ...'".. 2,459 cows.

Total, 22,335.

From this should be deducted 428 animals registered in the Dutch-Friesian
Herd-Book, which were also registered in the Holstein Herd-Book, showing a
total registry of 21,907 animals.

The total receipts for the year for membership, registry, and transfer fees,
and for herd-books sold, amount to $24,394.14; expenditures, $12,387.04; net
profit, $12,007.10.

Included in the expenditures, the largest items are for —

Clerk hire, $ 2,184 68

Inspection of imported cattle, 2,167 95

Twelve hundred and fifty copies, Vol. 9, H. H. B., . . 1,700 00

Five hundred copies, reprint of Vols. 1-5, H. H. B., . 1,413 00

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Postage, 583 58

Special premiums at Fat Stock Show, 330 00

Keturned to Messrs. Sluiter Brothers, membership and

inspection fees, 625 00

The balance being for office rent and fixtures, printing of reports, circulars,
and notices of various kinds, expressage, etc., as shown by itemized accounts
and vouchers presented herewith. I have paid to our Treasurer the sum of
$10,500 ; I have in my hands a balance of $94.10; and there is a balance due
the association, as per ledger accounts, of $1,240.98.

There were on hand March 1st, 1886, of the Holstein Herd-Books:

Volume 1, 452 copies.

Volume 2, 32 copies.

Volume 4, 28 copies.

Volume 6, 104 copies.

Volume 7, 455 copies.

Volume 8, 852 copies.

Volume 9, 994 copies.

Reprint, first five volumes, 500 copies.

Of the Dutch-Friesian Herd-Books:

Volume 2, 318 copies.

Volume 3, 21 copies.

Volume 4, 245 copies.

Total volumes, 4,001

The value of which, at the average sale price, is $10,322.58.

There are also on hand 660 copies of the index books, giving the names and
numbers of all cattle registered up to the commencement of Volume 1, Hol-
stein-Friesian Herd-Book.

As an item of interest to the association, I will state that under the late
rule placing the registration fee for imported animals at $20 per head there
have been recorded 287 animals, and for their registry the sum of $5,740 has
been paid.

In order that you may know the number of registered animals owned in the
different states, as shown by our records, which necessarily includes animals
dead and not reported to me, I read as follows:

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

New York,

Illinois,

Pennsylvania,

Michigan,

Ohio,

Iowa,

Massachusetts, ......

Minnesota,

Wisconsin,

Connecticut,

Kentucky,

Tennessee,

Missouri,

Indiana,

New Jersey,

Kansas,

Canada,

California,

Vermont,

Virginia,

Nehraska,

Mississippi,

Maryland,

Colorado,

New Hampshire,

Maine,

Rhode Island,

South Carolina,

Texas,

Dakota,

Oregon,

Montana,

Utah,

Louisiana,

West Virginia,

District of Columbia, . . .

Nova Scotia,

Alabama,

Washington Territory, . . .

Delaware,

Arkansas,

North Carolina,

Nevada,

Mexico,

New Mexico,

Arizona,

Honolulu, Sandwich Islands,

5971

2431

1748

1428

1368

1334

1280

780

668

649

592

368

352

345

330

321

290

L>88

251

186

123

112

108

105

96

84

82

73

67

44

37

35

30

30

29

25

21

20

19

19

19

5

5

4

4

3

Q

1861

873

500

492

439

530

390

267

267

169

130

85

132

126

95

120

122

83

83

60

62

43

34

37

37

38

37

33

29

13

16

13

3

13

5

10

4

9

4

8

11

3

2

1

1

1

2

4110

1552

1248

936

929

804

890

513

401

480

462

283

220

219

235

201

168

205

168

126

61

69

74

68

59

46

45

40

36

31

21

22

27

17

24

15

17

11

15

11

Respectfully submitted,

Thomas B. Wales, Jr.,

Secretary.

10 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. C. W. Hokr: I move that the report of the Secretary be accepted, and
that it he printed in the report of this meeting.

Carried.

The Presiden t called for the report of the Treasurer.

The Treasurer, W. C. Brayton, read the following report:

TREASURER'S REPORT.

Syracuse, N. Y., March 45th, 1886.
Mr. President and Gentlemen : It affords me great pleasure to make the
financial report of this association for the fiscal year, which closes with the
date of this meeting, and is as follows :

Balance on hand, as reported at the annual meeting held in Chicago, in
March, 1885, $12,022.10.
W. C. Brayton, Treasurer, in account ivith The Holstein-Friesian Association of America.

receipts. Dr.

1885.
March 18, To balance on hand as per last report 112,022 10

' cash from S. W. Sweezey, life membership fee $ 100 00

' " New York draft from Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Secretary, 1,000 00
' accrued interest on balance in Savings Bank, at 4 per cent... Ill 25
' cash, New York draft from Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Secretary, 3,000 00

' 2,000 00

April 8,
May 8,
July 1,
Oct. 19,
Dec. 15,

1886.

Jan. 1, To accrued interest on balance in Savings Bank, at 4 per cent... 145 15

22, " cash, New York draft from Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Secretary, 1,000 00

Feb. 26, " " " " " " " " " 2,500 00

March 11, " " " " " " " " " 1,000 00

10,856 40

$22,878 50

To balance 115,819 00

Ledger account 1,240 98

$17,059 98

EXPENDITURES. CR.

1885.

April 8, By cash, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., account of services $1,500 00

" " " " G. S. Miller, services to March 18th, 1885, 250 00

14, " " T.B. Wales, Jr., balance for services to March 18th, 1885, 1,000 00

" " " W. C. Brayton, services to March 18th, 1885, 20 00

May 9, " " Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, on account Herd-Book 2,500 00

June 12, " " " " " 5,000 copies proceedings,

March, 1885, 553 70

July 11, By cash, Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, balance on Herd-Book... 927 80

Sept. 12, " " Telegrams and postage i 3 00

Dec. 1, " " Hon. Frank Hiscock, services, per order President

Yeomans 125 00

7,059 50

By balance 15,819 00

$22,878 50

1886.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 11

Mr. Isaac C. Otis : I move, you sir, that the Treasurer's report be received
and placed on file.

Carried.

The President called for the report of the Committee on Proxies.

The Chairman of the Committee on Proxies, Mr. F. L. Houghton, reported
that there were present by proxy 153 members.

Mr. Gereit S. Miller: I move that the chair appoint a committee of
three to examine the reports of the Treasurer and Secretary, and report to the
meeting.

Carried.

The President appointed as Auditing Committee, Messrs. Miller, Babcock,
and Fay.

The chair announced that there were present at the meeting sixty -two mem-
bers of the Association, and 153 were present by proxy, making a total of 215.

The President called for the report of the Superintendent of Advanced
Registry.

Mr. S. Hoxie, Superintendent of Advanced Registry, read the following re-
port:

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF ADVANCED REGISTRY.

Mr. President and Members of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America :
The work of this department, since its organization on the 27th of last May,
has been mostly of a preparatory character. In accordance with instructions
of the Board of Officers, a. meeting of the Superintendent and Inspectors was
held, May 29th, at Hamilton, N. Y., to prepare a scale of points and a schedule
of requirements of cattle for this registry, to be submitted by letter to the
action of the board. Such a scale and schedule was prepared, but failed of
receiving the requisite number of votes for its adoption.

Another meeting was held at Rochester, N. Y., June 23d, in connection
with a meeting of the Inspectors of imported cattle. The action of this meet-
ing also failing of satisfaction, nothing further was done till August 12th. At
that date, a special meeting of the Board of Officers being held at Rochester,
N. Y., the scale of points and schedule of requirements prepared by the Inspec-
tors was submitted to their action, and, after amendment, adopted. The rules
were also then amended. This made it necessary to have them re-published.
This was done, and copies distributed to the members of the Association, about
September 1st.

On the 16th of November a paper on the subject of Advanced Registry was
read before the convention of Holstein-Friesian Breeders, held in Chicago,
Illinois. About the 1st of January, of the present year, the first entries were
made, since which time there has been a rapidly growing interest in this work.

12

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Many applications are in preparation. Sixty-five head of cattle have been
already examined. The amount of registry fees received to date is $200.
Amount of expenses incurred, including purchase of registry-book and index,
cattle measures, and a book of 1000 certificates, $126.20. Sixteen days have
been spent in inspection of cattle — eight by the Superintendent, and eight by
one of the Inspectors.

There has been considerable correspondence consequent upon the fact of
its being a new undertaking. Its character and bearings are such that time
was required for its consideration. The growth of public sentiment in favor of
such a system is necessarily slow, but it is very gratifying to report that, while
it is thus slowly received, it grows stable by investigation.

S. HoxiE,

Superintendent.

Upon motion, the report of Mr. Hoxie was accepted.

At the request of the Pi-esident, Mr. Hoxie read the paper which he had pre-
sented at the Holstein-Friesian convention held in November last, as follows:

ADVANCED REGISTRY — ITS GENERAL DESIGNS.

The leading purposes of this registry are to maintain and increase public
interest in the milch breeds, to stimulate to rapid improvement, and to fur-
nish information essential in the work of such improvement.

Every milch breed seems to take a common course in its introduction and
early history in this country. At first, few animals only are imported. These
are selected with much care for the breeding purposes of those who import
them. Their owners are not looking for immediate profits. Their rewards are
in the future, not among the least of which is the public good that is to accrue
from their enterprise. Slowly the breed grows into public recognition and es-
teem. Then follows an increase of importations, some of which are simply
commercial ventures. As profits are realized in these ventures, strong compe-
tition in this business grows up. Naturally, all sorts of devices are resorted to
to stimulate the market. Booms are created, and to supply the overstimulated
demand, cattle of all degrees of merit are rushed into the country. Disap-
pointments follow. Reaction naturally takes place, and the interests of the
breed flag. This is a most critical time in the history of every milch breed
that has been largely introduced into this country. At this time there is much
danger that its reputation will be greatly injured. No degree of general merit
vina breed seems to be able to sustain it at this crisis. Wisdom in the public
management, and courage in the breeder alone can do this. An inert policy
at this time is simply ruinous.

I do not wish to draw attention to any particular breed, but it seems neces-
sary that I should refer to examples to enforce the last proposition that I
have made, that an inert policy is ruinous The Ayrshire breed is one of the
most beautiful that has ever been introduced into this country; at the same
lime it is a breed of great practical merit. At this period in its history its in-
terests became depressed. I need not say more in regard to it. The Jersey

1886.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

13

breed also followed the course of events that I have pointed out up to the criti-
cal period. At this point a new influence began to be felt — an influence that,
perhaps, was regarded of little account. I refer to the idea of ' ' standard cows' '
within that breed. Such "standard cows" are a special class that make a
butter record of fourteen pounds a week. Through the influence of this idea
the public reputation of the breed has been kept up, and public interest in it
intensified. This idea embodies the fundamental principle of advanced regis-
try; and the work of Major Campbell Brown, gathering together such "standard
cows," is virtually a system of advanced registry. That work has, no doubt,
been looked upon with distrust by many breeders of Jersey cattle. They have
feared that it was exalting one class of the breed to the detriment of another
class. But this has not been its effects. It is not only saving that breed from
the depression that I have pointed out, but it is also advancing the healthy in-
terests of all classes. There is not a respectable herd in America that has not
flelt the influence of that work, and had its market value increased by it.

The system of advanced registiw adopted by this association is much more
complex than the one to which I have referred. It has not yet been carried
into effect. It was not adopted until about the middle of last August. Since
then certain preliminary steps to bring it to the attention of breeders have had
to be taken, and consequently it has not been in readiness for the reception of
cattle until quite recently. It is not my purpose to discuss the weakness or
strength of its details, but to simply speak of its general designs.

Firsl. It is designed to increase and maintain public interest in our breed.
In the matter of butter production, its standard cows are required to make a
weekly yield of nine pounds if two years old, eleven pounds if three years old,
thirteen pounds if four years old, and fifteen pounds if of full age, or five years
and upwards. It will be seen that the requirement of a full age cow is a pound
higher than that adopted by the Jersey breed. Now, suppose within the com-
ing year a thousand animals should be registered under these requirements.
There is not a Holstein-Friesian breeder in America that does not believe that
this could be easily done. What would be its immediate effects upon the gen-
eral interests of this breed? Does any one doubt that it would not greatly in-
crease public confidence in it, and that every breeder would feel that his in-
terests were on a firmer foundation ? I need not say that we are now in the
critical period that I have heretofore described. I believe we are to success-
fully pass through it. But we shall not do so by maintaining an inert policy.
We must unite in every section of our country to bring out our cattle. The
idea of our depending upon a few leading breeders to sustain this reputation,
and then clinging to their skirts, is an unworthy one. If any of us have cattle
that are not meritorious, the sooner we send them to the shambles the better.
The balance will be worth much more without them. Then we must prove by
actual performance at the pail and at the churn that our cattle, as a breed, are
what we claim for them. We cannot go back. We must maintain what we
have advertised by the publication of the rules of this registry. To fail to do
so will be disastrous to our interests. We have chosen our methods of proof,
and they must be forthcoming. I have the utmost faith in the breed. I know

14 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

it is capable of much more than we have claimed for it in the standards of this
registry. If we show this by generally sustaining this registry, the future pros-
perity of our breed cannot be otherwise than assured.

Second. One of the designs of this system of registry is to inaugurate a gen-
eral work of improvement in the breed. As the milch breeds come to this
country, they are the products of soils, climates, and markets. Their breeders
have been factors in their formation, but not through forethought and skill.
The Holstein-Friesian breed has thus been produced by the soil, climate, and
markets of Holland, through the intense conservatism of the peasantry of that
country. It has had no Bakewells, Collings, or Prices to select, cultivate, and
develope it. The<e cattle come to our shores as virgin material. They may
be not inaptly compared to diamonds in the rough — unsorted, uncut, and un-
polished. It is for us to truly make of them improved cattle, to beautify their
forms, to increase the quality of their milk, and to produce in them a uni-
formity of transmission of high attainments. By advanced registry we prac
tically unite the breeders in such a work. It stimulates to improvement, and
offers a common ideal, toward which all may work. Besides, it furnishes the
most valuable kind of information to render such work a success. At the pres-
ent time breeders are obliged to work very much in the dark. They know
next to nothing of the special characteristics of ancestors, to which off-
spring are very likely to take back. We all know something of the dis-
appointments that, in consequence of this, result often from our most pains-
taking breeding. This registry gives such information. As it is continued
from year to year, the build, style, handling, measurements, milking quali-
ties, etc., of grand sires and grand dams, and back of these, of other ancestors,
are easily traced and a flood of light is thrown on the breeder's work. Of
what an incalculable value would such a registry be to us now, extending
back but a single decade ? Is it too soon to commence such a registry ?

Lastly, this system is designed to collect observations upon which a science
of cattle culture (to coin a much needed term) may be built. This is one of
the most pressing needs of cattle-breeders all over the world. At the present
time the work of selecting and breeding milk stock is conducted entirely on
an empirical basis — on the guess-work system. There have been many works
written on selection, but none of the principles advocated have been deduced
from sufficient observations, and every one of them is in dispute to-day. This
system collects, in a concise form, observations upon the principal points that
have been advocated in such works. If carried out, in a few years it would
furnish observations upon thousands of the best milch cattle in our country.
With such a work before him, a careful student would be able to deduce a
science of selection in the full meaning of this term. The same things may be
said in reference to the principles of breeding. Almost- every one is a matter
of dispute. Who can tell when it is wise to inbreed, and when it is wise to
avoid inbreeding? Who can tell what qualities and characteristics are trans-
mitted through the male, and what through the female, etc.? Perhaps it may
be thought that I am claiming too much for this registry; yet who can ques-
tion that, with the observations that it collects in connection with the study

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 15

of relationships, many of the principles of breeding could be settled? Millions
of dollars are annually spent in gathering observations in other departments of
life that are not a tithe of the practical importance to the world that the ob-
servations of such a registry would be. Our vocation as cattle-breeders is a
most interesting and important one. It is a field in which investigations may
be carried on and improvements made that will be an honor to our age. As
individuals, our lives are perhaps too short to promise much; but in our asso-
ciated capacity we engage in such works with the fullest assurance of success.
Our organization is dignified at the thought. In such works it takes its stand
among the noblest institutions of our country.

Mr. Powell: I move a vote of thanks to Mr. Hoxie for this article, and
that it be entered upon the minutes and published with the proceedings.

Carried.

Mr. Dudley Miller: I would like to inquire the method of testing these
animals.

Mr. S. Hoxie : I cannot spend time to explain it now. It is easily seen in
the rules. I am invited to examine a herd. I put a man there and milk cer-
tain cows of that herd. I know the measure those cows give, so that we have
some basis for estimation. This is done until the Superintendent is satisfied.
The owners are allowed to feed them as they see fit. This is continued for a
month, if necessary, to satisfy the Superintendent that the affidavits made by
the owner are correct.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Under our rules, as I recollect, the Superintendent is not
excluded by these affidavits from further investigations. He can go behind
the returns if he wishes to. It was distinctly the desire and feeling of the
whole board that he should go behind the returns whenever he thought there
was the slightest occasion.

The President called for the reading of the resolution passed at the meeting
of the Board of Officers, relating to registry of cattle imported by Mr. T. F.
Koch.

The Secretary read from the minutes of the second meeting of the Board of
Officers as follows:

" The following is the communication Mr. Smith proposed the board should
offer at the first meeting of the Association; which was agreed upon:

"Whereas, Mr. T. F. Koch, now a resident, but not a citizen, of North
America, has imported and applied for the registration of a certain lot of about
sixty head of cattle purchased by or for him in Holland; and

"Whereas, Mr. Koch made this importation under circumstances and
conditions that to us seem peculiar and unusual, having made due and proper
application for membership before the union of the two associations;

"We therefore suggest and request that the Association act on this case,
and that such a resolution be passed as will admit to registry this particular
lot of animals."

16

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Hork: I move the adoption of the resolution and authorization of
registration of the animals.

Mr. Koch, being present, was asked to explain his position to the Associa-
tion, and spoke as follows:

"Gentlemen: By the time I got word that I was not accepted by the Hol-
stein association I was in St. Paul. I did not get any reply before because I
was traveling all the time. It was delayed about three weeks after the meet-
ing in Chicago before I knew the effects of the meeting. Then there was not
a joining of the Holstein and Friesian associations. Mr. Hoxie did not say
that the Dutch-Friesian association could accept me, because they had agreed
not to accept members until it was decided whether they would combine with
the Holstein association or not I knew that the Holstein association would
only accept registered cattle. I telegraphed to Holland, so far as possible, to
get the cows and bulls registered in the Holland Herd- Book, so as to make
them eligible here. This was done so far as possible. I could not wait for
their registry there, as I had made agreement for shipment, and I shipped the
cattle about the 12th of May from Europe."

Mr. C. J. Lord: I ask, did he not thoroughly understand that he was de-
barred from being a member of the Association by his knowledge that he was
not a citizen of the United States or Canada? I ask, is it right or justice to
the members who have been debarred from registering other cattle to admit
these ?

Mr. C. W. Horr: Are you not overlooking the fact that at that time there
were two associations '? that this other association did not have this rule ? that
Mr. Koch did have reasonable expectation and hope that if he could not get his
cattle registered in our book he could in the Dutch-Friesian ? He satisfied the
board fully. I am opposed to refusing cattle that are good cattle and present
good credentials. Because we did one injustice, should we now do another?

Mr. S. Hoxie : According to the evidence before the board, Mr. Koch
thought he was a citizen so far as matters had gone. He had already made
application to become a citizen, and supposed Ije had gone far enough to be-
come a member. His money was actually deposited with Mr. Wales.

A Member: It seems to me there is only one point, and that is very clear.
We have a resolution excluding this man. In order to admit him, we must
first rescind this resolution.

A Member: To all intents and purposes, Mr. Koch is a citizen. I cannot
see why he should not be accepted as a member of the Association.

Tin; President: Application for citizenship does not constitute citizen-
ship.

Mr. I. C. Otis: Mr. Koch has rights prior to his shipping the cattle to
America. He put in his application under the rules governing the registry of
the Holstein Herd-Book, paid his money, and made application for member-

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

17

ship. The cattle were purchased on certificates furnished by the Holstein
Association. He received assurances that he could probably become a member
of the Association. On the^strength of that he purchased these cattle.

Motion was made and seconded to lay this matter on the table for the
present.

Motion was lost.

Mr. J. B. Dtjtcher: I have listened very attentively to what has been
said. I may not understand the rules of this Association, but if I do, the
Association has no right to receive these cattle without first changing the rule.
I think I am in favor of accepting those cattle; but let this Association pro-
ceed rightly in the matter, and not stultify its record.

Mr. Hoxie asked whether notice was given in regard to changing the rule.

The Secretary read Article V. in the call issued for this meeting, as follows:

"To amend Sections 6 and 8 of Article IV., in relation to the registry of
imported animals by members and non-members of the Association, and fees
to be charged for the same. ' '

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I move that Article IV., Section 6, be suspended
for the present.

Mr. C. W. Horr withdrew his motion temporarily.

The motion made by Mr. Singerly was put and carried.

Mr. C. W. Horr renewed his motion that the resolution proposed by the
Board of Officers be adopted, and the Secretary authorized to receive these
cattle.

Carried.

Mr. W. M. Singerly moved a reconsideration of the resolution regarding
the suspension of Article IV., Section 6.

Carried.

Moved by Mr. C. W. Horr that the meeting adjourn to 2 o'clock P. M.

Carried.

2

18

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The meeting was called to order at 2: 45 p. M., by the President.

The President stated that Mr. Singerly's motion for a reconsideration of
the resolution to suspend Article IV., Section 6, having passed, the question now
before the meeting was whether that article should remain suspended; that a
negative vote would restore the article to its original force.

The question was put, and decided in the negative.

The President: The question now before the meeting is, as stated in the
call, to petition the state of New York for an amendment to our Charter, grant-
ing the right to hold the annual meeting of the Association in any state in the
United States.

Mr. C. W. Hoke: I move that the President and Secretary be authorized
to make the petition in the name of the members of this Association, and to
take the necessary steps to obtain the needful legislation to carry out the
recommendation .

The President: I would state that the impression I have gained in re-
gard to this is that the legislature had an object in providing that all bodies
incorporated by this state should hold their meetings in this state. Whether
the legislature will be induced to depart from that I am not at all prepared to
say. If there is a reason that covers all except special cases, they will con-
strue that as covering ours with the others.

A Member: Have you ever examined the constitution of the state to see
whether it would be in violation of the constitution for the legislature to char-
ter a company to hold meetings out of the state ?

The President: I will read a letter I have received from a gentleman in
Georgia on the subject. This letter is from a Mr. Randolph, who was Secre-
tary of a corporation known as the Garnet Water-Power and Mining Company,
whose business was transacted exclusively in Georgia.

" T. G. Yeomans, Esq. — Dear Sir: In reply to your letter of the 4th, I
would say that if your company is incorporated under the laws of New York,
your annual meeting for election of Directors must be held in the state, and in
the city or town mentioned as your principal place of business. If you do not
hold a meeting, such Directors hold over. If you do hold » meeting, it must
be in the state, and nowhere else."

Mr. F. C. Stevens: At the request of our Secretary, I have consulted a
lawyer in this city in regard to the possibility of our holding our meetings out-
side of the state. He told me that under the present charter we could not,
but that we could get the charter amended so as to permit it, by special act.

1886.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 19

Mr. W. G. Powell: The laws of several of the states require that all corpo-
rations and associations doing- business in those states shall he chartered by
and hold their meetings in those states, with certain exceptions. Also some
of the states require that a majority of the officers or those constituting the
Board of Directors shall reside in that state. We must be careful where we
go to, or we may be liable for a tax. It is also provided by some of the states
that business done, except in accordance with such legislation as is stated, is
illegal.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I live in Ohio, and I begin to feel that it is unsafe for a
man to get up here and talk. I supposed this was not a monied corporation,
and there was no capital stock that they could assess. I had supposed that this
sort of an institution was different from a co-partnership that comes and seeks
the benefit of your laws in the transaction of their business. I do not believe
there will be any difficulty in getting the relief from your legislature. There
will not be unless you have a constitutional difficulty. The advice of the lawyer
whom Mr. Stevens consulted would indicate that there would be no such diffi-
culty. Consequently, it is very safe to pass this resolution, and also to conclude
that the Secretary and President will get the help from the state.

A Member: I was not here at the last meeting, but as I understand it, it
was the generally conceded idea that this Association was to be chartered by
this state but the meetings could be held at any point we might select through-
out the country. Unless there is some constitutional provision that prohibits
us, I am in favor of that. We like to have these gentlemen meet us here, but
if they do not want to, we are willing to meet them half way. I am in favor
of passing this resolution, and if the committee find it impossible to get such a
law, we cannot help it; let us do the best we can.

The President: The question is upon Mr. Horr's resolution, that the
President and Secretary, in the name of the members of this Association,
petition the legislature of the state of New York for an amendment to our
charter, granting the right to hold the annual meeting of the Association in
any state in the United States, and to take the necessary steps to obtain the need-
ful legislation to carry out the recommendation.

Carried.

The President : The next matter in order is the proposition to amend
Section 19 of Article II. of the By-Laws of the Association so as to facilitate
action in certain cases coming under this section. The Secretary will please
read the section.

The Secretary read Section 19 of Article II., as follows:

" The Board of Officers shall take cognizance of any and all specific charges
made and presented to them in writing against any member of this corpora-
tion, for violation of his obligation to this corporation or to any of its members,
and shall appoint a committee of two members of the corporation to hear the
parties and take proofs relative to the charges, in writing and under oath, and

20 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

to report the same in full, with their opinion of the matter, to the Board of
Officers."

The President: The question alluded to in that article was this, there
have beeu one or two cases before the Board of Officers, and the board yester-
day expelled one gentleman for misconduct. The idea suggested by that was
that where a person was charged with misconduct, by which he ought to lose
his membership, that when he should be notified that he was so charged, and
failed to appear or answer, that this failure might be construed as an acknowl-
edgment of his guilt, and that we might act upon it without all the preliminary
steps provided for in this section.

Mr. F. L. Houghton: I move that the matter be referred to a committee
to prepare a proper amendment to that By-Law, to have it presented at the
meeting and passed upon.

Carried.

The President appointed Messrs. F. L. Houghton and W. C. Brayton as
such committee.

The President: The next matter in order is the proposed amendment of
Section 4, Article IV., omitting the words "North Holland."

The Secretary read Section 4 of Article IV., as follows:

"Thoroughbred Holstein-Friesian shall be held to mean and refer to only
those large, improved, black and white cattle already registered in the Holstein
and Dutch-Friesian Herd-Books, and such as are descended from them in direct
line, both as to sire and dam, and such imported animals, or their descendants,
as are registered in the Netherlands, Friesian, or North Holland Herd-Books,
proved by the affirmation of the breeder satisfactory to the Inspector."

Mr. Wing E. Smith: I would ask why the North Holland Herd-Book
should be stricken from that list ?

Mr. C. Pratt: I move that the resolution be adopted, omitting the words
"North Holland."

Mr. W. G. Powell: I move that the Board of Officers be instructed to
make investigation as to the character of that book, whether it is conducted
for the interests of the breed or for speculative purposes, and also be authorized,
if in their judgment, after a thorough investigation, the words " North Holland "
should be stricken out, to strike them out.

This motion was seconded.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I move to amend by striking out the last clause, and
insert that the Board of Officers shall make their report to this Association,
instead of striking out.

Amendment seconded.

Mr. W. ('. Powell: I accept Mr. Dutcher's amendment.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

21

The President: The question is to refer this matter to the Board of Offi-
cers, as a committee, to report to this Association.

Mr. Wing E. Smith: It seems to me that it is strange that this should he
referred to such a committee without their being anything said on the subject.
I doubt whether anything can be said by any one present against the North
Holland Herd-Book. If there is any one here who will say anything against
the North Holland Herd-Book, I will be in favor of the motion.

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller: I move that the whole question be laid upon the
table.

Carried.

The President: Next in order is the proposition to amend Section 5 of
Article IV., making it necessary that the application for the registry of Ameri-
can-bred animals be made by the breeder, or owner at date of birth.

The Secretary read Section 5, Article IV. , as follows :

"American-bred animals shall only be registered in the Herd-Book upon ap-
plication made upon or following the form furnished by the corporation, and
the payment of a fee of $1.00 by members of the corporation and of $2.00 by
pei'sons not members for the registry of each animal, which must accompany the
application. No two animals shall have the same name. Only direct descend-
ants of an animal shall be entitled to the family name with numbers prefixed
or added, and after the first generation, the family name only in combination.
Males shall only be entitled to the family name in combination, in which the
family name shall be first. In all combinations the name of the sire or dam,
in part or in full, may be used as desired by the applicant. All titles of dis-
tinction, nobility, military, or honorary, and all first or given names, not in
use as family names, shall be free for use in combination. ' '

Mr. E. M. Washburn: There is no one specified to make the application.
Any one can make an application for the registry of an animal. This specifies
who shall make the application.

It was moved that the proposition be laid upon the table.

Carried.

The President: The next proposition is: That firms or corporations,
where one or more members of such firm, or stockholders of such corporation,
are members of the Holstein-Friesian Association, be entitled to register and
transfer their animals for fees charged to members; also in relation to the nam-
ing of animals.

A Member: Some fault has been found by firms and by corporations
whose members are not all members of our Association. Such firms have been
refused registration at member's fees because all their members were uot mem-
bers of our Association. It has been proposed to change this so that such firms
can register and transfer animals at member's fees, provided a certain number
of their members are members of the Association.

22 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mi\ G. M. Carpenter: I would say that I am a member of a firm of which
two members are members of the Association. We make the motion that where
members of firms are members of the Association stock shall be registered the
same as for members of the Association.

The motion was seconded.

Mr. C. W. Horr: It seems to me that something is needed, but it seems to
me that this resolution does not quite hit it.

Mr. Thomas B. Wales, Jr. : Mr. President, I find that there are some
thirty such firms, a portion of whose members only are members of this Asso-
ciation, and in justice to them, I make the folio wiug motion: That ''firms or
corporations composed of two members or stockholders shall be entitled to regis-
ter and transfer animals for member's fees, when one member or stockholder is
a member of this Association. When such firms or corporations are composed
of three or more members or stockholders, such firms or corporations shall be
entitled to register and transfer cattle at member's fees when two or more
members or stockholders are members of this Association.

Mr. Powell: I would call attention to the article that prohibits those not
American citizens from registering cattle. Suppose that I, as a member of
this Association, see fit to form a co-partnership with somebody in Holland, for
instance, would that resolution let us in '? We have another section that pro-
hibits that. I would amend that resolution by saying that it shall not affect
prohibiting the importation and registration of cattle by those not American
citizens.

A Member: I move the adoption of this amendment, with this amendment
put to it, where it speaks of corporations, that they should be corporations
within this country; residents of our own country.

The President: The chair understands that the motion is on the resolu-
tion offered by Mr. Wales, with the additional provision that those corpora-
tions must be composed of American citizens.

A Member: Should that not specify that those animals be recorded in the
name of the corporation or firm ?

A Member: My idea is that half, or a majority, of the corporation or com-
pany should be members of this Association.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Is there not one trouble yet? Here is a firm of Smith
& Brown; if Smith & Brown are allowed to record cattle because Smith is a
member of the Association, Smith ought not to be entitled to record cattle in-
dividually.

It was moved and seconded that the resolution be referred to a committee
of lliree.

Mr. S. Hoxie: Let us take an illustration. Here is Carpenter, father and
son. Father and son have a certain number of cattle. As I understand it, the
movement is to arrange it so that only one member of the firm can register.

1886.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

23

Suppose you limit the number to twenty. If the firm is so large as to desire to
register more than that — take the firm S. Pope & Son; one member is a mem-
ber of the Association. They desire to register at $1.00 per head. Let them
have the benefit of that to a certain degree — say ten animals. If they have
more animals than that, they both should become members of the Association.

A motion was made that the subject be laid upon the table.

Mr. M. A. Aiken: Supposing a company, or corporation, as you are a mind
to have it, own a few Holstein cattle. They do not do it as an entire business,
but they have a few cattle. It is one of their interests. One member of the
firm becomes a member of this association. What benefit, if you make this
law, can it possibly be to that corporation if that member becomes a member
of this Association ?

The President: As a member of the Association, he will get the Herd-
Books, and all other publications issued by the Association, free of charge.

The motion to lay the matter on the table was withdrawn.

Mr. Wales: Mr. President, no rule having been established by this Asso-
ciation, a short time ago I asked the Board of Officers to instruct me on the
point in question. It instructed me to charge firms full fees where all its
members were not members of the Association. This affected some thirty firms,
one or more of the members of those firms being members of the Association.
This ruling of the board having caused much dissatisfaction, I have proposed
such a rule as I think would prove satisfactory to all concerned.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I move that this question be referred to a committee of
three, for immediate action.

Carried.

The chair appointed as such committee, Messrs. Horr, Langworthy, and W.
B. Smith.

The President: The next question before the meeting is the proposition
to amend Sections 6 and 8 of Article IV. , in relation to the registry of im-
ported animals by members and non-members of the Association, and fees to
be charged for the same.

< Mr. HoxiE: I would say that Dr. Patterson said he offered it. Section
6 reads : ' ' Only members of this Association may register imported animals
shipped from Europe after March 18th, 1885." The idea was to strike that
out.

Mr. T. B. Wales, Jr. : Mr. President, by this it is proposed that others
than members of this Association may register imported animals shipped from
Europe after March 18th, 1885. In doing that we open our registry for imported
animals to anybody, provided, only, that the animals come up to our require-
ments.

It was moved and seconded that the resolution be laid on the table.

24 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The motion to lay the matter on the table was withdrawn.

Mr. Gekrit S. Miller: It seems to me that animals of equal value, no
matter who the owner is, should have the privilege of being registered in our
Herd-Books. Our Association, as I understand it, is for the purpose of im-
proving the breed. When we have two animals of equal merit, because one is
owned by A and the other by B, I see no reason why one should be kept out
and the other registered.

Mr. E. A. Powell: This brings up the most important question before the
body for consideration, on several accounts. You see the bearing of this. You
must not take the thing as it appears to-day; we must go into the future. We
are starting in to build up a breed of cattle, to make them superior to what
they are now, and to what they are now in their native country. This we can
do by breeding on the principles followed in America. To get to where the
cattle are at the present time has been the work of centuries. Their advance-
ment in their native country is but a slight advancement in a century. The
Hollander does not breed from any established principle of advancement, or
any established principle to produce certain results. The animal as bred in
Holland is* an accident. We can make more advancement in ten years than
they can in a century. The Hollander cannot keep an ordinary cow. They
have been compelled to have them selected, and keep the better animals.
Hardly a man in Holland is breeding on the principles that we use. Our
friend, Mr. Jewett, will show you what can be done in a very few years. In
Holland their registers are not established on purity of breeding at all. They
do not estimate an animal from the purity of its blood. They estimate it from
its appearance to-day. We want to establish something beyond that. We
must advance on the principle that we can combine certain necessary elements
to produce certain results which advance rapidly, from one generation to
another. We want to look still further. The Hollander, while he may im-
port just as good cattle as the American — that will appear to the eye just as
well, that will sell, providing it was not for the record, for just as much money
— has no interest in this country or the cattle beyond the time the money is
paid to him under the auctioneer's hammer. The American who imports cat-
tle feels the responsibility. To show you an illustration of what the effect of
breeding is on the general estimation of the public, the other day, in Ken-
tucky, a certain horse was sold at auction and bought for $4,700. That horse
was sold, and some days passed before it was discovered that there was a ques-
tion about the breeding of the horse. During that time the Hollander would
be half across the Atlantic. The claim that was spoken of — I do not know
what the result was — was that the damage was $4,000. There is the differ-
ence in one case. Gentlemen, we are acting for the people of this country.
We are acting to not only improve the breed in America, but to improve it as
Americans. As such, I claim that we are bound to protect Americans from
any chance of fraud. Any man who has imported cattle from Holland knows
that the Dutchmen are not so different from Americans, so far as honesty is
concerned. You will find all classes of men there. You can go to Holland and

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 25

buy an animal with any kind of a pedigree that yon want to write out, and
have it testified to before the Burgomaster. You also know — any man that
has been there — that it takes the utmost care in buying your animals to know
that they are carefully bred. The Hollander, living there, knows the men from
whom he can buy; he can go to those men who have such cattle that a good
breeder from this side would not touch. He can bring those cattle here and
have them registered. They will pass inspection, because no inspector can de-
tect the difference between pure blood and a good grade. He sells those cattle
under advantages which an American would not have. He buys them cheaper,
because the best importers would not buy them. With the view that we are
going to breed better and advance faster than they do there, and that we want
to build up a lot of cattle, not to sell to-day, but for all time, and a breed of
cattle that are going to stand higher and higher; that we are going to assume
a certain responsibility, to stand between the breeder and the importer, we
want to be very careful what gates we throw open. If we admit one foreigner
we cannot exclude another until we prove that he is not importing that class
of cattle. We will be establishing a precedent that will be very dangerous,
and we do not know where it is going to end. A foreigner who lives in that
country has an opportunity of buying cattle, fine in appearance, that will pass
inspection, that are not pure, and that Americans would not have. We cannot be
too careful in opening our doors to foreigners not interested in this country.

Mr. O. P. Chapman: This is the first time I was aware that the breeding
of the Holland cattle was an accident. I had supposed it was done with great
care. It seems to me that Mr. Powell's whole argument is based on the fact
that Hollanders are dishonest and Americans honest. If you have a Hollander
— we will take this position — if you have a Hollander that is a good, square,
honest breeder, he cannot get his cattle registered by this Association. He has
got no way of getting them in. You have a dishonest importer in this country,
and still you allow him to record his cattle just the same.

Mr. E. A. Powell: Our By-Laws do not admit a man unless he is voted
in by the board.

Mr. Dudley Miller: I know it is a difficult thing to establish a pedigree
on the other side. What is the difference between establishing it on this side
or the other side ? Whether the American goes there and gets it, or it is
brought to him from there ?

Mr. E. A. Powell: Do you believe if you write to a firm in Holland to
send you a certain number of cattle, that they would take the same pains in
selecting them that you would ?

Mr. Miller: No man would act so much for my interest as I would. I
see no difference from judging them on this side and judging them on the
other.

Mr. W. G. Powell: This restriction is not alone against the Hollander,
against the German, or against the Englishman. It is against, any one not a
member of the Association. One of the principal arguments in favor of the

26

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

rule was this: You notice Article I., Section 4, says: " Any member of this
corporation who shall be found guilty of any misrepresentation, deception, or
fraud in relation to the registry of animals in the Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book
shall forfeit his membership in the corporation." That was the principal rea-
son for throwing this safeguard around the importation of cattle, confining it
to the members of the Association. It was believed that by this rule we had
some safeguard thrown around the pedigree. On this side we can reach the
man, if he is anywhere in the United States, if he has done a fraudulent trans-
action. There is a difference between him and the foreigner who skips the
country as soon as he is done. . The same restriction applies to any person not
a member. We are glad to receive any American citizen who can come with
a reasonable reputation as to character and standing; if he is willing to pay
the $100 membership fee, the board will be glad to receive him. If member-
ship in the Association is not worth that to him he ought not to go into the
business.

Mr. E. A. Powell: There is one point that covers this case. A short time ago
there was a firm of foreigners advertised their stock to be sold in New York
under the hammer. The statement was made that they would be responsible
for those cattle, pedigree, etc., but that any claim for fraud or misrepresenta-
tion must be made to them before the steamer sailed on a certain date.

Mr. S. Burchard: Mr. President, I agree with every word that the
Messrs. Powell have said in regard to this matter ; but there is one point I
wanted to bring before the Association. That is this: In the first place, this
Association has established a scale of points supposed to represent a perfect
animal. With our ideas of breeding, we expect to breed up, some day, to that
point. The Short-horns have been bred up nearly to that point. Any man
riding along the roads can point out one of these animals. As the Holstein-
Friesian cattle have been bred, if it was not for the color, I defy any man to
tell them. We have a type that we have established; we want to breed up to
that standard as fast as we can. As has been said, we can make more advance-
ment in ten years than the Europeans can in one hundred years, because (I
affirm what has already been said) these cattle are an accident in that country;
they are produced by the soil and climate and the circumstances surrounding
them. Any one who has been to Holland knows that it is the greenest, fresh-
est looking country in the world ; and these cattle, feeding on those low lands
all these ages, have come up to what they are now, to their present condition,
and not through any skill in the people of Holland in breeding them. Their
ideas of judging cattle are altogether different from our own. Any one who
has been in Holland and been around their markets has seen their cattle-men
with a staff or whip with knots tied in it, and the animal that measures the
most knots is the best animal. We have established this scale of points. We
want to breed up to that scale of points — to that standard — as fast as we
can. Allowing those men, with their ideas, to bring their cattle into our
country retards our advancement in this direction. If there is any man in
this Association who can form a better plan of getting our cattle that Holland-
ers would select to put upon our shores, and, as they would suppose, to im-
prove our breed, we would be ready to accept it.

1886.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. ^7

Mr. G. S. Miller: I think the Association would be wise if it confines
itself to the provinces of a herd-book in this matter. In my opinion, that
province consists in establishing a pure pedigree, and then requiring high in-
dividual excellence. We have asked the Hollanders to protect us on the pedigree
question by establishing herd-books. They have established herd-books, and
we have recognized those herd-books for pedigrees. We have appointed inspec-
tors, and they must satisfy themselves that these pedigrees are correct. In
my judgment, it is very good policy for us to receive all animals that come
with such recommendations through our examining committees. I wish to
call your attention -to the fact that a few years ago the Holstein Association
considered themselves strong enough to give the cold shoulder to their oppo-
nents, thinking that they would not establish a herd-book. It was thought
so by many of our prominent members at that time. We went on our head-
strong way, and you all know the result: A very strong, formidable compet-
itor was organized against us, and finally we made favorable terms and granted
concessions and united; and we are a stronger association than when the two
existed. If we compel these foreigners to establish a herd-book over here, and
they import the same animals that we import — the same class and family of
animals that are recorded in those herd-books — the public are going to buy
those animals. They are going to make just as good records as the animals we
import. The public will not sustain us in this fight. We had better be liberal,
and accept all that come up to our standard; leave our doors open to those
who will bring all that we require.

Mr. E. A. Powell: Let me correct one mistake of Mr. Miller's. That
was, that we accept the foreign herd-book as authority upon pedigrees. We
do not accept it at all upon pedigrees. We ignore it by asking the importer
to go before the Burgomaster. They have not a herd-book that is authority on
pedigree. They select a better class of animals, as a general thing.

Mr. Miller: I merely wish to explain myself. Of course the herd-book
in Holland has been started within the past few years, and a certain limit was
placed on time for the foundation to be recorded. The first animals we im-
ported came without pedigree. The only pedigree they have is that which
traces back to the first record in our book. It is so with the animals. If you
get young animals, they can trace back to the time to which the herd-book
goes. We require that the. animal shall be recorded in one of those herd-books
before we accept it here.

Mr. Burrell: I think we all wish to be consistent. I sympathize fully
with what Mr. Powell has said in regard to putting safeguards around the im-
portation of stock. If it is necessary that stock should be owned in this coun-
try for a year or so, let that condition be imposed. As for barring out any
citizen from abroad, I am opposed to it. Take it in the department of cheese
and butter making, or almost any department, we are dependent upon them
for almost all the success we obtain. We must not forget that the Holstein-
Friesian cow was not bred in this country. Why we should discriminate
against these parties who bring their cattle up to our standard I cannot under-
stand.

28

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. W. G. Powell: I wish to renew the remark I first made, that this is
not a restriction against the foreigner; it is a restriction against any man who
is not a member of the Association, simply because he is not a member; it is a
restriction against Americans and foreigners alike.

Mr. S. Buechaed: I have here a scale of points of the North Holland
Herd-Book. I want to read a few points to show their ideas of judging cattle.
"Chest, wide and roomy, three points; tail, fine and long, four points" —
the tail one point more in value than the chest. "Barrel, well rounded, with
large but not too deep abdomen, two points" — of only half as much impor-
tance in their scale as the tail. "The udder, eight points; the teats, six
points" — of almost as much importance as the udder.

Mr. C. W. Hoee: This is a question that has been debated, more or less,
in the board, and there are some differences of opinion in that august body on
this question. It is very important. It is one that needs the most careful
consideration of every member of this society. I think it is, in the first place,
a good thing for us all to try to get into a good, candid temper. First, you
make a rule that excludes these foreigners from becoming members; then you
turn around and say because they are not members they cannot import. This
does not seem quite fair. It is a grave question with me whether the correct
remedy is not to allow any man of good character to become a member; then
you can expel the foreigner, the same as an American, if he practices any
fraud upon the Association. I believe the correct solution of the question is
to say to any respectable man upon the earth who desires to join us, "We are
a little better than you, but we will take you in provided you come up and
pay the little hundred dollars." It might help him somewhat. I like the
church better that keeps the wide door — that does not have a long list of ques-
tions which they propound to its members — that says to any man who wants
to learn to live a better life, " Come in," on the theory that it will do him good
and will not do you any harm. If a man comes into this Association who has
not been educated up to our view — who has not the interests of the Holstein
cattle down to the bottom of his heart — perhaps we will help him along. We
are inconsistent; because we require every animal imported to be recorded in
the books of these Holland men, whom you do not want to trust in the next
breath. If I am not correct, I wish to be corrected. Those Holland books
over there, now, will not record an animal not descended from black-and-white
cattle. We do not allow any animal to be imported that is not recorded.

Mr. S. Hoxie: For every animal the color is given.

Mr. C. W. Hoee: Let us take a look at a little picture, like this: Here is
a man of this country with some cattle. He knocks at the door of our institu-
tion. He is a foreigner, and cannot speak our language. He does not have
anything to do with the selection of an inspector. He has to submit to our
rules, and comes with that knowledge. We have adopted the most rigid rule
in regard to inspection and affidavits. We have required them to pay $25 for
registration. He has to knock at our door and ask for admission. Let us look
again. Here present to-day are about four importing firms who have in their

1886.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

29

pockets enough proxies to control, absolutely, this Association. Tell me
whether there is more danger that this inspector will do injustice influenced
by the money of the foreigner or influenced by these great firms that control
the institution and hold his official existence in the hollow of their hands. It
seems to me we can trust ourselves to inspect these cattle that come to our
shores. I think we should say to any man whose character is good thathe can
become a member; and we shall have done the wise thing. The only thing
we can do to protect these Herd-Books is to allow these men to become mem-
bers and have the same rights of registration that we have.

A Member: If we are to protect ourselves and advance these cattle, we
must do it ourselves, and for ourselves, not for those not connected with us. I
am clearly of the opinion that if we would protect our rights in the matter,
we must do it as an association, and not by letting every body in.

Mr. C. Pratt: The gentleman last up has been mistaken, I think, in Mr.
Horr's opinion. 1 understood him not to say let everybody in, but everybody
of character. I am in favor of letting in everybody with character good
enough to get in. I am myself in favor of taking anybody into this Associa-
tion whose character is all right. I think we made a mistake in discriminat-
ing against the Sluiter Brothers. We want just the same character from the
Messrs. Sluiter Brothers that we would from any Americans.

Mr. Dudley Miller: What is the use of keeping these other animals out
if we can breed them so superior in this country ?

Mr. Powell: While we may breed those animals so superior, while they
are flooding the county with animals not so well bred, the tendency is down-
ward.

Mr. Miller: Our inspectors only protect us so far as the eye is concerned.

Mr. Powell: I wish Mr. Miller to say whether he can tell from the appear-
ance of an animal whether it is a pure-bred animal.

Mr. Miller: I do not pretend to.

Mr. Powell: Then what are we going to do as an association?

Mr. Miller: We take their Herd-Books as one guarantee, and use our own
inspection as another, and the affidavit as another.

A Member: It seems to me that we will make a great mistake in this
matter if we undertake to pursue the policy of confining the cattle to be regis-
tered to the American importers. I do not know whether the Hollander has
got life enough to protect himself; but if when he imports just as fine cattle as
we do, and we shut him out from the market when we will not allow him to
record in the Herd-Book, what else have you left that man only to protect him-
self by starting a Herd-Book for himself. What will be the result, on the sup-
position that they import as good cattle as we do? It will resolve itself to a
question of merit. If they import better cattle, on the merits of the cattle, finally,
they will succeed; and it seems to me there can be but one side to this. I have

30 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

no interest in the matter, as far as importing is concerned, but I do want to
keep the Association in such a situation that we shall not be in such a position
as forces us to shut the door to the honest Hollander, and open the door to the
dishonest American.

Mr. Dutcher: I move to lay the whole question on the table.

Carried by a rising vote.

The President called for the report of the Committee on Amendment to the
By-Laws.

Mr. F. L. Houghton: Mr. President and gentlemen, the committee desire
to report as follows:

To amend Section 19 of Article II. of By-Laws. " The Board of Officers
shall take cognizance of any and all specific charges, made under oath and pre-
sented to them in writing, against any member of this corporation, for viola-
tion of Ms obligation to this corporation or to any of its members, and shall
appoint a committee of two members of the corporation, which said commit-
tee shall notify the alleged offending member at his last known place of resi-
dence, of the specific charges, fully set forth in writing, and designate a place
and day when and where he may have a hearing before said committee, who
shall hear the parties and take proof relevant to the charges, in writing and
under oath, and report the same in full, with their opinion of the matter, in
writing, to the Board of Officers. All notices of such hearings shall be given
to the alleged offending members not less than sixty days before the time set
for such hearings. In case of a wilful failure of the alleged offending member
to appear and answer the charges made, at the time and place named, the
Board of Officers shall be hereby empowered to act the same as though said
charges were true, and take such measure in regard to the same as they may
deem proper and advisable under the charter."

The President: The question is upon the adoption of the report of the
committee.

Adopted.

The President called for the report of the Committee on the Amendment to
Section 5 of Article IV.

Mr. C. W. HoRR: I am compelled to make a majority report — two agree-
ing, and one dissenting. We recommend that to Section 5, Article IV., there
be added the following clause:

"All firms and corporations, all of whose members are citizens of North
America, shall be entitled to the privilege of registration and transfer of Arneri-
can-bred animals, in the name of the firm, in our Herd-Books, by paying the
fees charged to members, when one-half or more of the members of said firms
or corporations are members of this Association."

Mr. WING R. SMITH: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, the reason why I
differ from the majority of the committee is, in one instance the case has just

1886.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 31

been stated. I will suppose that the two gentleman who just went out with
me are members of the Association. They are in company with me in business.
I am not a member of the Association. I am the manager, however, of the
cattle; know more about them than they do: have charge of them, and care of
them. I can play any sort of tricks on them. They are not responsible for
my acts at all. I think the more you tamper with this thing, after we have
spent a month trying to revise it and get it into shape, I think we had better
let it alone. The reason is that some firms have one or two of their members —
they could not get their partners into the Association if they made application
— who are members of the Association, and they are going to shoulder their
partners. I really believe, and my firm conviction is, that it is a step in the
wrong direction to undertake to open the bars and let one man cover another
man's responsibility.

Mr. C. Pratt: I would say, in answer, that in many instances the barn is
under the management of a foremen.

A Member: I move the following amendment to the resolution:
" Before the Secretary shall accept entries, a full list of the members of the
firms and also of the corporations, shall be reported to the Board of Officers,
and they shall pass upon the character and standing of those different mem-
bers. ' '

Adopted.

Mr. Smith: It seems to me the question is, what is our object in becoming
members ? If a man belongs to the firm, and the firm sees fit to let him record
cattle in his own name, he has a right to do so.

The President: The question before the Association is upon adopting the
report of the committee, as amended.
Motion lost by a rising vote.

The President: The next business in order is the submission to the Asso-
ciation of a proposition regulating the use of proxies at the meetings of the
Association.

A Member: I move that the consideration of the matter be laid upon the
table.

Motion lost.

Mr. Thomas B. Wales, Jr.: I was written to by several members that
they would make such a proposition at this meeting.

Mr. B. B. Lord: I, for one, wrote to the Secretary in regard to the use of
proxies. Proxies, as used at the present time, I think, are dangerous. There
should be some way of regulating their use; throwing them out entirely, or
limiting the number that members should hold.

A Member: I doubt whether the Association has the power to take away
the right of a member of the Association to delegate any other member to vote,
whether he votes as he sees fit, or delegates him to vote definitely.

32

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Powell: Section 3 of our charter says that while a person is a mem-
ber in good standing he is entitled to vote personally or by proxy, and to all
the privileges of such membership. I make it as a point of order.

Mr. Houghton: Every man has a right to appoint an attorney, and con-
stitute him as his attorney to act for him.

Mr. Dutcher: I do not think there is any question that any member has
a right to vote. For myself, I do not want any office. I would not accept any
office; but the impression seems to have gone abroad that this Association is
run in the interest of one or two firms. Whether that is true or not, I do not
know, and do not care, but it is injuring the character and standing of this
Association very much. I know a gentleman now, in good standing, who
would become a member of the Association if it was not for this fact. If any ar-
rangement or understanding could be made about the use of proxies, I think it
would be beneficial to the Association. I do not question the right of any
member to send his proxy. This made serious trouble last year, and will con-
tinue to make trouble as long as the Association exists.

A Member : I move that the committee already appointed to have the
charter so amended that the annual meetings may be held outside of the state
shall also have Section 3 of the charter amended so that the section shall read
"is entitled to vote personally," leaving out the words " or by proxy."

Motion seconded.

Mr. Powell: There is no question but there has been more or less dissatis-
faction in regard to the use of proxies. I really am unable to see how this
matter can be remedied, unless we might do this: That the parties giving the
proxy shall instruct particularly the party who holds the proxy on the ques-
tion to be brought before the Association. I think that proxies ought to be
used as seldom as possible.

A Member: I move that the question be laid upon the table.

Motion carried.

The President: The next business in order is the consideration of the
proposition " that the widow or minor children of a member of the Association
be allowed to register and transfer animals for member's fees."

Mr. C. Pratt: I made that proposal.

Mr. Dutcher: I move the adoption of the resolution, with the additional
proviso that when any male member of the family arrives at majority, that
privilege shall cease.

Motion seconded.

Mr. Powell: That is, that the executors or adminstrators of the estate
shall have the same benefit of the Association that the member of the Associa-
tion shall have.

THE PRESIDENT: The chair understands Mr. Powell to offer an amend-
ment that it be for the executors and administrators representing an estate.

1886.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

33

Mr. F. L. Houghton: I second that amendment.

Carried.

Question upon the original resolution, as amended, was put and carried.

The President: The next question is in reference to an appropriation for
butter, cheese, and beef premiums.

Mr. Smith: I have understood that it is proposed to admit in competition
with butter, the imitation article — butterine and oleomargarine — at the Chicago
fat stock and dairy show. I would like to suggest that an exception be made
in reference to this show. I move that the Chicago fat stock and dairy show
be excluded in whatever premiums this Association may see fit to offer for
Holstein cattle or butter or cheese premiums, for that reason.

Mr. S. N. Wright: I move that a committee of three be appointed by the
chair to take into consideration the action of the Board of Agriculture of the
state of Illinois in regard to admitting bogus butter at the fat stock show next
fall.

The President: How would it do to offer a resolution requesting our
Board of Officers not to make any appropriation for any show that admits but-
terine or oleomargarine ?

Mr. Dittcher: If any gentleman is afraid to put his butter by the side of
butterine, the sooner he goes out of the butter business the better. I think it
is to the interest of every agricultural man in the United States to have but-
terine shown by the side of butter. I am opposed to this industry as much as
any man in the country ; but for this Association to say they will not show
their butter in any show where butterine is shown, I think, is boys' play.

A Member: I think the gentleman is under a misapprehension. I have
had a talk with a member of the Board of Agriculture. They do not enter it
in competition with butter. They enter it as butterine or oleomargarine.

The President: The question is upon the proposition of Mr. Smith, that
the Board of Officers of this Association be requested not to offer premiums to
associations where butterine is accepted in competition with butter.

A Member : I want it put upon record that this Association condemns the
whole manufacture of butterine.

The President: The first question is upon the amendment offered by Mr.
Wright, that this matter be referred to a committee of three.

Mr. Smith: I accept Mr. Wright's amendment.

Mr. Powell: I would suggest that this committee also formulate some
resolution petitioning Congress to take action in regard to the manufacture of
this article. The trouble is that this is sold as butter, used as butter, and
eaten as butter, when it is a fraud. It is nothing more than the circulation of
counterfeit money, because it looks so much like good money that you cannot
tell them apart. There are a very few men, representing, perhaps, about

3

34

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

$2,000,000, engaged in the manufacture of this imitation of butter, selling
large amounts of it at an expense of about seven cents a pound. It goes into
market looking like butter, and sells as butter. It brings down all the butter
and all the dairy interests of this country to that level. If there is anything
this Association can do to put a restriction upon the manufacture, it is our duty,
not only as an association, but as citizens, to do it. There is a bill before
Congress providing that a tax of ten cents shall be levied upon every pound
sold. It shall be put under the department of revenue. Every package shall
be stamped the same as a package of cigars or whisky. It is only just that
such a law should be passed and enforced. The reason why it should be put
under the department of revenue is because it is then under the control of the
United States, and would be enforced in every state alike.

Mr. Wright: I accept the suggestion of Mr. Powell.

A Member: I would ask Mr. Powell if he knows that any man can make
any article in this country that is not detrimental to health.

Mr. Powell: It is detrimental to health physiologically. It is proven to
a demonstration that it is. Supposing, under deception, lard is put before you
and you eat it, is it detrimental to health ? At seventy degrees trichinae is not
killed. Trichina; is introduced into the butter. That butter, under the sanc-
tion of the general government, is put before the public and consumed. Nine
hundred and ninety-nine thousand parts of it are consumed under a misappre-
hension to one that is not.

The President: The question is upon the amended resolution offered by
Mr. Wright, that a committee of three be appointed to consider this subject,
and report to the Association.

Carried.

The President appointed as such committee Messrs. S. N. Wright, E. A.
Powell, and O. P. Chapman.

Mr. F. L. Houghton: I move that the Board of Officers be authorized to
offer such an amount of money for premiums for butter, beef, milk, and cheese
as they deem proper.

Carried.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I move that we proceed to the election of officers.

Carried.

Mr. C. W. HoRR: I wish to preface my nomination by congratulating this
Association upon our happy selection, a little less than a year ago, of the hon-
orable gentleman who has so impartially presided over our deliberations. I
nominate Mr. T. G-. Yeomans for President of the Association.

Mr. Powell: I wish to say a word in regard to Mr. Yeomans' qualifica-
tions for this office. I think I have an opportunity of appreciating as much
as any member present the amount of work Mr. Yeomans has had to do this

1886.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 35

past year. Mr. Yeomans has managed in the very best manner possible, and I
think to the satisfaction of every member here. I doubt if it would have been
possible for any person here to have stepped into his shoes and managed the
affairs of the Association more ably than he has done. You understand the
suits that have been brought up the past year required not only time, but
ability and expense. We are under a debt of obligation to Mr. Yeomans for
the able manner in which he has conducted the affairs of the Association.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I appreciate the compliments of the gentlemen who
have mentioned my name. I was placed in the position I have occupied unso-
licited, by my friends. Not only so, but it has given me pleasure to render
what services I have been able to. But there are many men, younger mem-
bers of the Association. It is but just that a position of this kind, which I
conceive to be very honorable, be passed around. I wish very respectfully to
decline the nomination you have tendered me. I hope you will proceed to the
election of a successor to my office.

Mr. Miller: I heartily endorse all Mr. Powell has said in regard to Mr.
Yeomans and his faithful fulfilment of all the requirements of the office. I
must say I also agree with the view Mr. Yeomans has put forth — that there
are younger men, and a good many men, in the Association who are aspiring
to fill this office of honor. It seems to me it will give better general satisfac-
tion if we consider that from this time forward the office of President is to be
filled simply for one year — that there is to be a change at each of our annual
meetings — and with that feeling on the subject, I take great pleasure in nom-
inating for President one of our prominent members — a man who has always
striven to maintain a herd of very high standard, and sets his standard as high
as any one of us. I nominate Mr. F. C. Stevens, of Attica, New York.

Mr. Smith: I second the nomination. I move that the President cast the
ballot of the Association for Mr. F. C. Stevens, for President of the Association.

Carried.

The President accordingly cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. F. C.
Stevens for President of the Association.

It was moved that the President cast the ballot of the Association for Mr.
G. D. Wheeler for First Vice-President of the Association.

Carried.

The President cast the ballot of the Association in accordance with its vote.

Mr. S. N. Wright moved that the President cast the ballot of the Associa-
tion for Mr. W. M. Singerly for Second Vice-President of the Association.

Carried.

The President cast the ballot of the Association in accordance with its vote.

Mr. Hoxie: I move that Mr. George F. Jackson be the Third Vice-Presi-
dent.

36 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ' [March,

♦
Mr. Thomas B. "Wales, Jr.: Mr. President, I understand that Mr. Jack-
son has, or is about closing out his cattle interest, and if I am informed cor-
rectly, I would suggest that some other name be substituted.

It was moved and seconded that the President cast the ballot for Mr. M. L.
Sweet for Third Vice-President.

Carried.

The President cast the ballot of the Association according to its vote.

Mr. Hoxie: I move that the President cast the ballot of the Association
for David H. Burrell for Fourth Vice-President.

Carried.

The President cast the ballot of the Association in accordance with its vote.

It was moved and seconded that the President cast the ballot of the Asso-
ciation for Mr. W. C. Brayton for Treasurer.

Carried.

The President cast the ballot of the Association in accordance with its vote.

The report of the Financial Committee was called for by the President.

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller: Your committee would report that they have given
the accounts of the Secretary and Treasurer careful attention. The accounts
of the Treasurer are correct, agreeing with the vouchers. The accounts of the
Secretary are correct, agreeing with the vouchers. They find a few small er-
rors in footing. There is an error of two dollars in favor of the Association.
On the debtor side there is an error of twelve cents in one place, and ten
cents in another, against the Association.

It was moved and seconded that the report of the Finance Committee be
accepted.

Carried.

The President: The next business in order is the election of three Di-
rectors for the term of two years.

Mr. E. G. Fay: I move that we proceed to ballot, as we did last year for
officers ; that the ballot be cast for the three at one time.

Carried.

Messrs. F. L. Houghton, H. Langworthy, W. J. Smith, E. Huidekoper, J.
B. Dutcher, and W. G-. Powell were nominated as members of the Board of
Directors.

Messrs. J. B. Dutcher and W. G-. Powell declined the nomination.

Tin: I'kksidkxt: I wish to suggest that every gentleman who votes any
proxies put his name on the back of the card, and the number of proxies he is
entitled to. I will appoint Messrs. Babcock and Chapman tellers.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 37

The tellers reported the result of the ballot to be as follows: F. L. Hough-
ton, 90; John W. Shallcross, Jr., 27; Wing E. Smith, 31; Edgar Huidekoper, 90;
H. Langworthy, 54; W. Judson Smith, 99; W. G. Powell, 55; B. B. Lord, 14;
M. L. Sweet, 3 ; H. C. Gale, 1.

The President declared Messrs W. Judson Smith, F. L. Houghton, and
Edgar Huidekoper elected.

Mr. C. W. Hoke: I move that these gentlemen be declared the unanimous
choice of the Association.

Carried.

It was moved and seconded that the President cast the ballot of the Associa-
tion for Mr. Thomas B. Wales, Jr., for Secretary and Editor.

Carried.

The President cast the ballot accordingly.

It was moved and seconded that the President cast the ballot for Mr. S.
Hoxie for Superintendent of the Advanced Registry.

Carried.

The President cast the ballot in accordance with the vote.

Mr. GrERRiT S. Miller: I move that the Association offer a vote of thanks
to the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, and the Boston & Albany
Railroad, for the courtesy shown in allowing members of the Association half
rates on the return passage.

Carried.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I move that when we adjourn, we adjourn to meet in
Cleveland, provided the committee succeed in getting the charter amended so
that it would be legal; if not, to meet at Buffalo, N. Y.

It was moved and seconded to amend Mr. Horr's motion by inserting the
word " Chicago " in place of the word " Cleveland."

Motion lost.

The motion as originally made by Mr. Horr was carried.

The President called for a report of the committee on resolutions regarding
imitations of butter.

Mr. S. N. Wright: Mr. Chairman, your committee beg leave to report the
result of their deliberations as follows:

' ' Resolved, That this Association will pay no premiums at fairs where oleo-
margarine, butterine, or other fraudulent imitations of butter are recognized
as worthy articles to be put on exhibition; and

" Resolved, That we recommend legislation on the part of Congress, placing
a stamp tax of ten cents a pound on all imitation butter, and putting it under
the supervision of the revenue department, for the protection of the dairy in-
terest and consumers of dairy goods; also

38

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. [1886.

' ' Resolved, That each member of this Association urge upon his member of
Congress all honorable efforts to secure such legislation. ' '

It was moved and seconded that the report of the committee be accepted
and adopted.

Carried.

Mr. Thomas B. "Wales, Jr. : Mr. President, I desire to offer the following
resolution.

" Whe:reas, A committee from the National Cattle Growers' Association is
at present at "Washington, D. C, endeavoring to secure adequate national legis-
lation for the suppression and eradication of contagious diseases, and for the
regulation of the manufacture of imitation butter, and

" Whereas, Urgent requests have been made for financial aid to meet the
legitimate expenses of their work; therefore

' ' Resolved, That the Holstein-Friesian Association of America authorizes its
Board of Officers to appropriate $250 from the funds of this Association for the
work mentioned."

It was moved and seconded that the resolution offered by Mr. Wales be
adopted.

Carried.

Mr. C. W. Hoek: I would inquire if the charter or By-Laws fix the date
of our annual meeting ?

The President: It does.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I move that we adjourn.

Carried.

FOTTIfcl'H MEETI1TG

OF THE

Board of Officers

OF THE

Holstein-Friesian Association of America

HELD AT THE

Genessee Hotel, Buffalo, New York, Tuesday,
March 16th, 1886.

The meeting was called to order at the hour named in the call, 3 o'clock
P. M. ; President Theron G. Yeomans in the chair.

The roll was called, and the following-named gentlemen were present: T.
G. Yeomans, William M. Singerly, F. C. Stevens, W. C. Brayton, Gerrit S.
Miller, C. W. Horr, C. R. Payne, Wing R. Smith, W. G. Powell, S. Hoxie,
Thomas B. Wales, Jr.

The Secretary reported that a quorum was present.

The President called for the report of the committee appointed to investi-
gate the charges against Mr. J. K. Odell.

The Secretary read the report of the committee, by Mr. I. C. Otis, chairman;
also the letter from Mr. J. K. Odell referred to in the report of the committee.

The secretary reported that he had notified Mr. Odell to be present at the
meeting this afternoon, at 3 o'clock, to answer to the charges preferred against
him.

It was moved and carried that the report of the committee be accepted.

It was moved and carried that Mr. J. K. Odell be expelled from the Associ-
ation, for the false registry of cattle, and that the animals registered as " Cart-
wright Maid (5941 H. H. B.)" and "Lady Cartwright (5942 H. H. B.)" be
dropped from the registry of the Association.

The President called for the report of the committee in reference to charges
preferred against Mr. Charles W. Wolcott.

Mr. Wing R. Smith reported that he had not taken action in the matter, on
account of ill health ; that he had written to Mr. Wolcott twice, but had re-
ceived no reply from him.

40

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

It was moved and carried that further action in the matter he postponed
until to-morrow, at the annual meeting of the board.

The following-named gentlemen having applied for membership in the As-
sociation, upon motion, their applications were accepted, and they were elected
members of the Association: Amos Edmunds, Disco, Illinois; Dr. Henry Fos-
ter, Clifton Springs, New York; H. B. Hammond, New York City; E. A. Hoff-
man, Fort Wayne, Indiana; Edward P. Taft, Providence, Rhode Island; D.
M. White, Hudson, Wisconsin; J. M. Curtis, Wilmington, Delaware; Everett
Smith, Waltham, Massachusetts; F. H. Hagerty, Aberdeen, D. T. ; James S.
Sanborn, Boston, Massachusetts.

W. B. Barney, Hampton, Iowa, made application for membership upon con-
dition that his firm, of which one member is already a member of the Associ-
ation, be allowed to register their animals at the fees usually charged to mem-
bers.

It was moved and carried that the application be laid upon the table and
made a special order of business at the next meeting.

It was moved by Mr. Hoxie that Rule XIII. of the Advanced Registry be
amended so as to read: "The fee for entry in this form of registry for mem-
bers of this Association shall be three dollars per animal; the fee for non-mem-
bers shall be six dollars per animal."

It was moved and carried that the subject be laid upon the table for the
consideration of the meeting of the board to-morrow.

It was moved by Mr. Hoxie that Rule XIV. of the Advanced Registry be
amended by striking out the words "The entries in each division shall be
arranged according to the names of the animals in alphabetical order," and
substituting therefor the words "The entries in each division shall be ar-
ranged according to number in the order in which the animals are received."

Motion carried.

It was moved and carried that the President appoint a committee of three
to retire, and, as soon as possible, make a recommendation to the board as to
the salaries of officers for the past year and for the coming year.

The president appointed as such committee Messrs. Horr, Singerly, and
Miller.

Mr. Horr reported for the committee, recommending that for the past year
Mr. Wales be allowed $3,000, and that the sum of $2,500 be allowed him next
year, and that he be allowed to hire what assistance he requires, the same to
be paid for by the Association; also, that Mr. W. C. Brayton be allowed $250
for the last year, and the same sum for the coming year; also, that Mr. Hoxie
be allowed $250 for the last year, and $500 for the coming year, provided that
he shall not be paid more than one-half of the sum received for registration in
the Advanced Registry for the coming year; also, that both Mr. S. Hoxie and

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

41

Mr. S. Burchard be allowed the authorized per diem rate of the Advanced
Registry for the inspection of cattle recently inspected for Messrs. T. G. Yeo-
mans & Sons and Messrs. Powell Brothers.

It was moved and carried that the report of the committee be accepted.

It was moved by Mr. Smith that the registration fee of the Advanced Reg-
istry be reduced to three dollars.

Adopted.

It was then moved by Mr. W. M. Singerly that the registry fee of three
dollars in the Advanced Registry be the same for members and non-members
of the Association.

The meeting adjourned until March 17th, at such hour as should be agreed
upon.

FIRST ANNUAL MEETING

BOARD OF OFFICERS

Holstein-Friesian Association of America

HELD AT THE

Genessee Hotel, Buffalo, New York, Wednesday,
March 17th, 1886.

The meeting was called to order by President F. C. Stevens.

The Secretary called the roll, which showed the following gentlemen to be
present: F. C. Stevens, G. D. Wheeler, W. M. Singerly, M. L. Sweet, D. H.
Burrell, Gerrit S. Miller, C. R. Payne, C. W. Horr, W. J. Smith, F. L. Hough-
ton, S. Hoxie, Thomas B. Wales, Jr.

Applications for membership were received from Messrs. W. B. Barney,
Hampton, Iowa; C. T. Riley, Troy, Ohio; and J. O. Beal, Rollin, Mich.; all
of which were accepted.

The President: At the request of Mr. J. W. Stillwell, of Troy, Ohio, I
again bring before the board his request for the return of a part of the charge
made by inspectors for the examination of one imported animal. He wished
me to state that the inspector was appointed before he had an opportunity of
getting the necessary papers to him. He asks that $ 100 be refunded.

Mr. G. S. Miller: I move that we do not allow Mr. Still well's claim.

Carried.

Mr. S. N. Wright, of Elgin, 111. : Mr. President and gentlemen, it is always
unpleasant to me to enter into any litigation with any gentleman, especially a
man who has been accepted by this Association, and is now, at this time, a
member of the Association. The charge that I have to make is against W. A.
Pratt, of Elgin, 111. In the spring of 1884, somewhere about the 1st of May —
I would state, Mr. President, that I had these charges all written out and in
my desk. I neglected, however, to bring them with me, which I much regret.
My charge is this: In the spring of 1884 I bought a lot of heifers. Among
the lot was one that I did not get the certificate of. The certificate was not
ready, and the representation he made to me was this: that there was some-
thing wrong in regard to the registry in Holland, and they had to go back to
be rectified. I took that for granted, of course. I waited, perhaps four or five

44 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE TMabch,

months — long enough for the papers to go to Holland and return — and I
spoke to him again, and he said he had not received them, but I should cer-
tainly have them as soon as they came; he would guarantee it was all right.
I waited a reasonable length of time and went at him again. He said the
papers had come and the certificate was issued and was in the hands of Wil-
liam Koch, and he was unable to get it — that Koch would not deliver the
certificate to him. I wrote to Mr. Koch about it, to inquire the reason why,
and he said there was some difficulty between them — that he would not de-
liver the papers until he settled with him for the heifer. After a reasonable
time William Koch sent a carload of cattle to Elgin, and sent a young man as
his agent to sell those cattle for him. I went to this young man and asked
him about the certificate. He said he had it, and that her name in the herd-
book was Elgin Lass. I then asked him if he would show me the certificate.
The certificate does not describe the heifer in dispute that I bought of Mr.
Pratt. I went to Mr. Pratt about it, and he said he would certainly make it
right with me, and it ran along for some time, and I at him again. He got up
on his ear and said he would not do anything about it; that he could not get
the papers of Mr. So-and-so, and did not know he was bound to do so for me.
I finally sued him in one court and obtained a judgment. He appealed it to
the Circuit Court. This last term I went to the clerk, and he said he had
failed to docket it. My attorney tells me he is responsible under the bond he
had to give in order to make the appeal.

The President: What charge do you make?

Mr. Wright: My charge is that he is not a worthy member of the Associ-
ation, and I desire to have him expelled on the ground of false representations.

The President: Under the present By-Laws, amended to-day, the com-
plaint must be made in writing and sworn to, after which the board appoints a
committee of two to investigate the charges.

Mr. Wright stated he would put his charge in proper form.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Mr. President, I desire to offer the following:

Resolved, That we authorize the Secretary of our Association to offer a prize
of $100 for the best essay upon the following subject, and upon the conditions
hereinafter stipulated: "The Breeding of Holstein Cattle, including practical
suggestions about the Care, Food, and Exercise of Calves; also as to the Selection
of Sires and as to how they should be cared for during the season of service in
order that their offspring may be large and healthy, and to obtain a full trans-
mission of milking and other desired qualities." Conditions: Each essay to
be forwarded to the President, and also to the Secretary, by February 1st, 1887;
each essay to contain from 3,000 to 5,000 words, and to be printed or very
plainly written; each of these officers, without exchange of views, to forward
the three essays that he thinks show most merit to a referee, to be selected by
the Board of Control ; the referee's decision as to the relative merit of the dif-
ferent articles to be conclusive ; the successful essay to become the absolute
property of this Association upon the payment to the author of $100; essays

1886.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

45

to be forwarded to the President and Secretary, and by them to the referee,
without signatures or anything that would give the referee any possible infor-
mation as to their authorship.

Carried.

Mr. Burrell: I move that the decision be referred to the President and
Secretary, and that Mr. Horr be made referee.

Carried.

Upon motion, the board adjourned until 8:30 P. M.

EVENING SESSION.

The meeting was called to order, at 8:30 P. M., by President Stevens.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Mr. President, I move that Mr. I. C, Otis be appointed
one of the Inspectors of Imported Cattle.

Carried.

Mr. Smith: I move that Mr. S. N. Wright be appointed one of the In-
spectors of Imported Cattle.

Carried.

A Member: I move that Mr. O. P. Chapman be appointed one of the In-
spectors of Imported Cattle.

Carried.

Mr. Hoxie: I move that Mr. S. Burchard be appointed one of the In-
spectors of Imported Cattle.

Carried.

Mr. Houghton; I move that Mr. J. C. Poor be appointed one of the In-
spectors of Imported Cattle.

Carried.

Mr. Horr: I move that Mr. S. Burchard be appointed one of the Inspectors
of the Advanced Eegistry.

Carried.

Mr. Hoxie: I move that all the Inspectors of Imported Cattle be also In-
spectors for the Advanced Registry.

Carried.

Mr. G-. S. Miller: I would like to move that in future the department of
advanced registry be known by the name of the Holstein-Friesian Test-Book.

46

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

My reason for this is that the simple fact of our having a registry bearing the
name " Advanced " would seem to throw discredit on our Herd-Book Registry.
That under some other name it would be less objectionable to the mass of
breeders who cannot, for many reasons, go to the expense and trouble of keep-
ing records of their cattle. I therefore propose that the name "Advanced
Registry " be changed to " Holstein-Friesian Test-Book."

Motion seconded by Mr. Wales.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I move that we lay the matter on the table.

Carried.

The President: The case of Mr. C. W. Wolcott, laid over from the last
meeting, is now in order.

Mr. F. L. Houghton: I have received the following telegram from Mr.
Wolcott, which I will read to the board:

"F. L. Houghton:

" Unable to go to Buffalo, on account of estate business, please notify Board
of Officers. Say that I deny the charge of Mr. Otis.

[Signed. ] " C. W. Wolcott. ' '

Mr. Smith: I think I understand the state of the case. It was in sub-
stance, that Mr. Wolcott was charged with allowing cattle to be registered in
his name, when the man who owned them was not a member of the Associa-
tion. I have a slight acquaintance with Mr. Wolcott. What little I know of
him I think well of him. I also know the Hollander referred to, and although
I do not know anything about the Hollander, it occurs to me that the circum-
stances under which he made the statement were very trying. It is a very
serious question whether the charges against Mr. Wolcott are true.

Mr. Houghton: The By-Laws were quite specific on the subject, and are
now made more so. Shall we act under the old By-Law, or the present one?
I would recommend that the charges be made now under the new By-Law,
under oath, in writing, and that a new committee be then appointed.

The President: The Chair would state that this is not a matter of this
board. It was made under the old By-Law, and this committee is continued.

Mr. Houghton: Mr. Otis said he knew nothing about the matter person-
ally; that he made the formal charge at the request of some member or mem-
bers of the board.

It was moved and seconded that Mr. Houghton be substituted on the com-
mittee, in the place of Mr. Wing R. Smith.

Carried.

The PRESIDENT: The next thing in order is consideration of the distribu-
tion of the $2,000 for premiums for cattle and dairy products.

Mr. Smith: I move that $1,500 be devoted to the cattle enterprise, and $500
for butter and cheese.

1886.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 47

Carried.

It was moved and seconded that the $1,500 be expended in the best way the
board could devise to secure a good exhibit at the Chicago fat stock and dairy
show next fall.

Carried.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I move that we first duplicate the premiums offered at
the Chicago fat stock and dairy show for Holstein-Friesian cattle, and put
the balance of the $1,500 in the hands of our President and Secretary, to be ex-
pended as they deem best in connection with the exhibition of fat grade or
full blood Holstein-Friesian cattle.

Carried.

A Member: I move that the $500 be divided into sums of $250, for butter
and for cheese, to be divided up at the different fairs in the country, duplicat-
ing premiums for butter and for cheese wherever taken by Holstein-Friesian
butter or Holstein-Friesian cheese.

Motion seconded.

A Member: I move to amend, that it be given at State Dairymen Associa-
tion exhibitions.

Amendment accepted.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I move that the $500 be expended as the President and
Secretary may deem best.

Carried.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I move that we instruct our Secretary to include Mr.
Powell's article in the publication of the proceedings of this meeting ; and that
we request the agricultural papers of the United States to publish the same in
their columns; that the Secretary send them a copy of the article.

Carried.

Mr. Smith : I move that we investigate the worthiness or un worthiness of
the North Holland Herd-Book, in order that we may decide whether it is ad-
visable for us to accept that registry as one of our standards.

Motion seconded.

After considerable discussion, the motion was withdrawn.

Mr. Smith: I move that we appoint ourselves a committee of the whole to
investigate the matter of the North Holland Herd-Book.

Carried.

Mr. Smith: I move that the Treasurer be requested to take proper means
to secure bonds to the amount of $15,000, to the satisfaction of the President
of the Association.

Carried.

48 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. [1886.

Mr. C. W. Hoer: I move that Mr. Brayton be instructed to deposit the
funds of the Association in such banks as receive the approval of a committee
composed of the President, Mr. D. H. Burrell, and Mr. W. J. Smith, and that
it be deposited in the name of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America,
W. C. Brayton, Treasurer.

Carried.

A Member: I move that we adjourn.

Carried.

TESTS OF DAIRY COWS.

By E. A. POWELL, Syracuse, New York.

My attention has been several times called to an article written by Valancey
E. Fuller, of Ontario, under the above heading, which appeared in the Rural
New Yorker of October 17th. This article purported to show the comparative
merits of the Jerseys, the Ayrshires, and the Holsteins for the dairy. The
tables contained therein are said to have been compiled from the "advance
reports" of Prof. William Brown, of the Ontario Experimental Farm. I do
not wonder that Mr. Fuller, one of the leading Jersey breeders of the country,
should seize upon this report and take steps to publish it in every agricultural
paper throughout the country. It was a golden opportunity for the Jersey
breeders, providing they could convince the dairymen of the country that the
tests were impartial, and that the cows selected for the trial fairly represented
the various breeds — that each cow was an average of the bi*eed to which she
belonged.

I beg your indulgence, even at this late date, to correct some erroneous im-
pressions that may have been created in the minds of those not familiar with
the actual facts. I do not wish to question Prof. Brown's good intentions, nor
the accuracy of all his calculations; but, either through lack of knowledge of
the Holstein-Friesian breed or from some other cause, he started on a false
basis by taking as a representative of this breed a heifer of the very poorest
class — inferior in size, in appearance, in quantity of milk, and in quality of
milk for both butter and cheese.

A single moment's reflection will convince any intelligent breeder that no
one cow can fairly represent any breed of tens of thousands of cows any more
than a handful of sand will represent a sea-shore, and especially when that
one is a poor, insignificant heifer. As well might Prof. Brown, from the analy-
sis of a handful of soil from some solitary sand-hill, write a treatise on the
agricultural possibilities of the Dominion. Had he given the various dairy
breeds a fair, impartial trial by having a competent committee, interested
equally in all the breeds, select at least half a dozen good representative cows
of each, and had them given the same care and kind of food for a year previ-
ous to, as well as during, the time of trial (for it is now an admitted fact,
proven by actual experiment, that previous condition and food have almost as
much to do with the product of the cow as her present ration), he would have
done a work of incalculable value to the whole dairy world. As it is, his re-
port is misleading, conveying an erroneous impression, and is a great damage
to the dairy interests of not only the Dominion, but the whole country. Any
misleading tests are decidedly worse than none.
4

50 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

I wish here to say that Prof. Brown doubtless was prompted by the best of
motives — a desire to give the people of the Dominion an equivalent for their
outlay in maintaining an experimental station — but he was too hasty, and
made his report without the proper material to make it from.

Let us review some of the statements therein. The Hoist ein is given in
the report as Verapina, three years old, weight 895 pounds, and dropped first
calf in January, 1883. Prof. Brown describes her as "lanky and leggy."
Nothing is said of her breeding. No herd-book number or date of importation
is given, but by reference to the Holstein Herd-Book I find the heifer to be
Verasina (10450, Vol. IX.), calved March 15th, 1883, imported in May, 1884,
and must have come out of quarantine the August previous to dropping her
calf in January. This record and the name are confirmed by Prof. Brown in
reply to a letter from me asking him for the dates of birth and importation,
with herd-book number, of this heifer.

It will thus be seen that this representative Holstein-Friesian was only one
year old past — a yearling — only twenty-two months old when she dropped
her calf, and commenced her record at twenty-two and a half months, instead
of being three years old, as stated in no less than six different places in Prof.
Brown's report, and confirmed by Mr. Fuller's letter. She dropped her calf in
January, before being acclimated, and before she became accustomed to the
severe winters of Ontario, or to the feed and water in use there. All import-
ers know full well the bad effect of such changes, not only in quantity, but in
quality, of milk. Many good cows are almost worthless the first season after
importation. Verasina may, therefore, yet prove to be a good cow.

Why this heifer's name should have been misspelled, why her Holstein
Herd-Book number, the date of importation, and the fact that she was not ac-
climated, were all withheld in the report, and, above all, why she should be
called a three-year-old cow when in fact she was but twenty-two and a half
months — why a " leggy and lank" little unacclimated heifer should be se-
lected by such an institution as the Experimental Farm of Ontario to repre-
sent the Holstein-Friesian breed in such an important trial — are facts beyond
my comprehension.

We will compare this heifer with the average of some of the largest herds
of the same breed in the country, in order to see if she is a fair representative.
In doing so I will be pardoned for referring to a herd in which I am interested.
I am compelled to do this, as I have the necessary data at hand from only this
herd and that of Messrs. Yeomans & Sons.

For the present milking year, now nearly closed, the Lakeside herd had in
milk for five months (the length of time which the report in question covers),
in all, fifty-seven head of two-year-old heifers. Their records were carefully
kept by weighing each milking. The entire lot averaged for five months 5,575
pounds. For the previous year there were, in all, in the same herd, of the
same age, milked through the season, twenty-six head. The entire lot aver-
aged for five months a little over 5,350 pounds, and for the year 10,810 pounds,
although a few did not complete the year. Fifteen of the number averaged
12,307] pounds. In 1882 Messrs. Yeomans & Sons reported fourteen heifers

1886.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 51

two years old (their entire herd of that age), which averaged for the year
11,118 pounds and 3 ounces. I have not their exact records for five months,
but they must have averaged fully as much as the Lakeside herd for this sea-
son (5,575 pounds), and probably more if a large majority of them dropped
their calves in the spring, and thus had the benefit of fresh feed. Here we
have ninety-seven two-year-olds, all recorded Holstein-Friesians, embracing
the entire milking herd for two consecutive years in the Lakeside herd and
the entire number for one year in the Yeomans herd, which nearly all dropped
their calves at from twenty-two to twenty -eight months of age, and the entire
lot averaged for five months 5,515 pounds.

Verasina gave for the same time, according to Prof. Brown's report, 3,239
pounds, showing a balance in favor of each of the ninety -seven head of 2,286
pounds for five months.

Verasina weighed, at twenty-five and one-half months, 895 pounds. At
the same age all the heifers at Lakeside referred to above averaged over 1,050
pounds, and those in the Yeomans herd, I judge, were fully as heavy, showing
this representative cow to be 155 pounds under weight even as a two-year-old,
instead of three, as in the report.

In butter I cannot give a comparison with the whole herds, as only part
have been tested. In the Lakeside herd seventeen two-year-olds averaged for
a week 10 pounds and 8 ounces. Messrs. Yeomans, in their report on butter
tests, give nine two-year-olds which averaged 12 pounds and 13;} ounces per
week; so that twenty-six heifers averaged 11 pounds and 7 ounces. Verasina
made, in 151 days, 108 pounds, showing an average of 5 pounds per week, or
considerably less than half the average of the twenty-six. Of course Verasina
here had the disadvantage of the longer trial, but it is probably safe to con-
clude that if the test of the twenty-six head had been continued for the same
time they would, on the average, have nearly, if not fully, doubled her record.

This will be enough to show the character of this ' ' representative' ' Holstein-
Friesian as compared with some of the entire large herds of the same breed.
It shows her to be 155 pounds under weight, her milk for five months to have
been 2,286 pounds below the average, and her butter about one-half.

Let us now turn our attention to the Jersey. Prof. Brown, in his report,
describes her as follows: " Beauty o' the Mill may be described as a Jersey
that pokes her nose into everybody's pocket — an uneducated pet. With such
a disposition we have had much pleasure in handling this cow. Cream-colored,
even, roomy, a fine skin, but with little milk mirror, and medium udder."
Three years old, weight, May 1st, 832 pounds, which shows that she was above
the average of her breed in size, and the Professor's description shows that she
was of just the type and disposition to insure the largest results. The report
shows just what we could expect from such an animal, viz. : That her com-
bined milk, butter, and cheese product for the five months is far above the
average of her breed. In fact, it is far above the average of any entire herd of
Jerseys of a dozen heifers of the same age we have ever seen published. It
should be borne in mind that this heifer was fully acclimated — accustomed to
the severe winters and feed of Canada. A few more singular facts regarding

52

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IMarch,

her are worthy of note. She is given in the report as a Jersey, three years old ;
but date of birth and herd-book number are not given. To get more definite
information regarding this cow, I went to the office of Mr. Hand, the Secretary
of the American Jersey Cattle Club, and to my surprise learned that no such
cow was on record. I then wrote Prof. Brown, who kindly replied that she
was dropped in 1882, and was not recorded. I was not a little surprised that
an unregistered animal should be taken as a representive Jersey, especially by
such a breeder as Valancey E. Fuller. The question naturally arises: Is she
a grade, and does this fact account for her large flow of milk, and the fact that
her milk is much superior for cheese to any registered Jersey of which we have
yet seen an account ?

In order that a fair estimate of the two breeds (the Jerseys and Holstein-
Friesians) for the dairy may be formed, we will compare the product of this
heifer with that of entire herds of the same age.

In the Lakeside herd of Holstein-Friesians, this last season, twenty-four
three-year-olds (entire number in milk for the time) gave by actual weight in
five months an average of 6,114 pounds for each cow. while this Jersey gave
2,944 pounds, leaving a balance of milk in favor of the black-and-white cows
of 3,170 pounds per cow in five months; or in other words, the Holstein-Frie-
sians each gave 226 pounds more than double the amount given by the Jersey.

Our tests for butter do not comprise the whole herds, but I will make as
fair a comparison as the data at my command will admit.

In the Lakeside herd thirteen heifers three years old have been tested, and
they averaged 13 pounds 6 ounces of butter per week. Messrs. Yeomans &
Sons, in their recent butter reports, give four three year-olds which averaged
17 pounds 6 ounces per week. It will thus be seen that seventeen three-year-
olds average for a week 14 pounds 5 ounces. In all the butter tests, in both
the Yeomans and Lakeside herds, the butter was worked dry and weighed be-
fore salting.

This Jersey made an average for the five months of a little over eleven
pounds per week, a difference of 2 pounds 12 ounces per week in favor of the
spotted cows. This I will frankly say is hardly fair for the Jersey, on account
of her longer test, but it will convey a good idea of the merits of each, and
will satisf}' any one that these seventeen Holstein-Friesians far excel her for
butter.

I will make a few comparisons by taking, as a basis, the number of pounds
of milk for a pound of butter, and as the following tests were made when the
cows were in full flow and fresh, I think the fairness of the comparison will be
conceded, for I believe it is an admitted fact, that as the time after calving
lengthens and the flow diminishes, the milk becomes richer, taking a less
amount for a pound of butter.

The following table will show the results of the tests of seven heifers in the
Lakeside herd — four three-year-olds and three two-year-olds. It gives the
amount of butter made by each in a week's test; the average weight of milk
required for a pound of butter; the amount of milk given by each for five
months, and on this basis the amount of butter each would have made in that
time:

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

53

M

Lbs. Ozs.

Netherland Belle (1876), .
Netherland Countess (2634),
Netherland Jewel (2642), .
Alexander's Queen (6998),
Benola Fletcher (6891), . .

Soldene (2896),

Aaggie Sarah 2d (7142), .

Total,

7
15
3*
4
9

14

22.34
20.88
26.31
21.93
18.11
24.93
24.41

7,191
5,724
6,667
6,028
6,634
7,068
6,301

321
274
253
274
366
283
258

2,029

Average of the seven head for five months, 289 pounds; Jersey for five
months, 248 pounds: balance in favor of Holsteins, 41 pounds.

The "funny" part of this whole affair, the one which makes all dairymen
smile, is the claim that the Jersey leads all other breeds for cheese. This is
the first instance on record that has come to my knowledge where such a claim
has been made. One of the prominent Jersey breeders of the country recently
remarked to a large gathering of dairymen, that " the superiority of the Hol-
steins for cheese was conceded by everybody excepting Valancey E. Fuller."
Nearly all former tests have shown the Jersey milk, while superior for butter,
to be inferior for cheese. It should be borne in mind, that to obtain the results
for cheese which are apparent in the report and in Mr. Fuller's letter, that the
same "lanky and leggy " little unacclimated twenty-two and a half months
heifer had to be pitted against older native competitors.

I cannot give results in cheese production from personal experience, for I
have made no tests, but will take Prof. Brown's own figures, as used by Mr.
Fuller, and concede for the time being, that the Holstein-Friesian Heifer would
represent the breed in quality of milk for cheese (a statement that no intelli-
gent breeder will believe to be a fact), and what is the result? It shows that
it required 8.95 pounds of the heifer's milk for a pound of cheese. The twenty-
four three-year-olds referred to above averaged for the five months, 6,114
pounds of milk, and hence would have made 684 pounds of cheese, while the
Jersey, of the same age, made 456 pounds, leaving a balance in favor of the
Holstein-Friesian of 228 pounds per cow, or in other words, they excelled her
for cheese just fifty per cent. The fact that Holland is the greatest cheese
country of the world, making more cheese, not only in proportion to the area
of the country, but in proportion to the number of cows, should be satisfactory
proof of the superiority of her cows for that purpose.

A comparative test made by J. E. Grant, the owner of several large cheese
factories in Illinois (who did not own any Holstein-Friesian cattle), with the

54

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. [1886.

milk from a herd of fifty pure-bred Holstein-Friesians, in comparison with the
milk of the other herds brought to his factory, showed that the Holstein-Frie-
sians made six and one-half per cent more cheese from the same amount of
milk. He declares the test to have been a fair one, the conditions being simi-
lar in all respects.

What are the conclusions to be drawn from the above facts ?

First. The Holstein-Friesian gave over 107 per cent more milk.

Second. The Holstein-Friesian made 16£ per cent more butter.

Third. The Holstein-Friesian made 50 per cent more cheese.

If we call the average milk of the twenty-four Holstein-Friesians equal to
that of the Jersey for cheese (and we verily believe it to be better), they would
have made 107 per cent more cheese.

From the above we feel fully justified in quoting Mr. Fuller's conclusion:
' ' It seems, therefore, that there is little doubt as to which is the best all-
around cow."

As to the test made at the exhibitions at London and Toronto, we will only
say that so much depends upon the condition of the cow, the amount and
quality of her previous rations, her care and treatment, the length of time in
milk, when due again, the distance shipped, whether fully acclimated or not,
etc. , that such tests have no practical value as an evidence of the actual merits
of the cows tested, and we will spare you a useless discussion regarding them.
We will simply add that these tests were made ' ' by the same experts ' ' as
those given in the report referred to above.

PROCEEDINGS

SECOND ANNUAL MEETING

Holsteln-Friesian Association

OF AMERICA,

Buffalo, New York, March i6th, 1887.

Reports of Meetings of the Board of Officers,

Held at Buffalo, New York,

March 15TH and i6th, 1887.

Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, Printers, Davenport, Iowa.
1887.

OFFICERS OF THE

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

FOR 1887-8.

President, WILLIAM M. SINGERLY, . Philadelphia, Penn.

First Vice-President, . GERRIT S. MILLER, . . . Peterboro, N. Y.

Second Vice-President, . M. L. SWEET, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Third Vice-President, . W. G. POWELL, Springboro, Penn.

Fourth Vice-President, . W. M. LIGGETT, Benson, Minn.

Treasurer WILLIAM BROWN SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

Directors.

F. L. HOUGHTON, Putney, Vt.

EDGAR HUIDEKOPER, Meadville, Penn.

EUGENE SMITH, . Nashville, Term.

C. W. HORR, ..... Wellington, Ohio.

C. R. PAYNE, Hamilton, N. Y.

D. H. BURRELL, Little Falls, N. Y.

Secretary and Editor.

THOMAS B. WALES, Jr., Iowa City, Iowa.

Superintendent of Advanced Registry.
S. HOXIE, Whitestown, N. Y.

Inspectors of Imported Cattle.

ISAAC C. OTIS . Jordan, N. Y.

O. P. CHAPMAN, Wellington, Ohio.

S. BURCHARD, Hamilton, N. Y.

S. N. WRIGHT South Elgin, 111.

J. C. POOR, North Andover, Mass.

CAREY R. SMITH, Santa Ana, Cal.

Inspectors of Advanced Registry.
All Inspectors of Imported Cattle, and —

JERE ALLIS, Isinours, Minn.

J. N. MUNCEY, , . Jessup, Iowa.

J. L. STONE, Waverl.y, Penn.

A. R. STURTEVANT, Springboro, Penn.

H. D. WARNER, New Milford, Conn.

SECOND ANNUAL MEETING

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

Held at the Genesee House, Buffalo, N. Y.,
Wednesday, March 16th, 1887.

The meeting was called to order at 10 o'clock A. M., by the President.

The President: Gentlemen, at the last meeting of the Holstein-Frie-
sian Association, at which I was elected, I had not the opportunity to thank
you for the honor you conferred upon me by electing me to the position I
now hold. I now thank you for that honor, and I would say for myself
that I have tried to perform the duties devolving upon me to the best of
my ability, and trust that they have been satisfactory to you. I shall fore-
go the pleasure of delivering the customary President's address, for, under
the circumstances, knowing the feeling which exists among many members
of the Association, myself included, I could not, in duty to myself, restrain
from saying some things which might be better left unsaid. Consequently,
I thank you again, and we will proceed to the usual order of business. The
Secretary will call the roll.

Upon roll-call it was ascertained that the following members were pres-
ent, and that 193 were represented by prox :

Jere Allis, E. P. Beauchamp, H. E. Boardman, James Black, W. C.
Brayton, J. T. Brooks, A. W. Brown, Sylvester Burchard, David H. Burrell,
G. M. Carpenter, B. Chaffee, N. B. Curtis, G. V. DeGraaf, P. M. Harwood,
C. W. Hbrr, F. L. Houghton, S. Hoxie, S. L. Hoxie, Edgar Huidekoper,
Charles Hunt, Henry C. Jewett, Leander Jones, Anthony Lamb, Hollum
Langworthy, William M. Liggett, John Lightner, C. J. Lord, F. W. Maxon,
Dudley Miller, Gerrit S. Miller, James Neilson, Isaac C. Otis, C. R. Payne,
L. H. Payne, James C. Poor, W. J. Potter, E. A. Powell, Will. B. Powell,
W. G. Powell, C. Pratt, W. A. Pratt, E. K. Seabury, Dexter Severy, W.
K. Sexton, W. M. Singerly, W. Brown Smith, W. J. Smith, Wing R. Smith,
F. C. Stevens, J. W. Stillwell, Martin L. Sweet, C. F. Sweezey, S. W.
Sweezey, E. P. Tafft, C. C. Taylor, Henry Van Dreser, Thomas B. Wales,
Jr., George L. Wells, G. D. Wheeler, Alfred P.Wright, S. N". Wright, E. L.
Yeomans, L. T. Yeomans, T. G. Yeomans.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Lamb moved that a committee of three be appointed to examine
the proxies and report to this meeting.

Seconded and carried.

The chair appointed Mr. Anthony Lamb, Mr. C. R. Payne, and Mr. C.
J. Lord as such Committee on Proxies.

The committee so appointed proceeded to collect the proxies, and retired
to examine them.

The President: While the Committee on Proxies are investigating the
subject, we will listen to the minutes of the last meeting.

Mr. Houghton moved that the reading of the minutes of the last meet-
ing be dispensed with.

Motion seconded and carried.

The President called for the report of the Secretary for the past year.

The Secretary read as follows:

SECRETARY'S REPORT.

Mr. President, and Members of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America:
Another year has passed, and it is with pleasure that I am able to report to
you a year of marked success in our business affairs — by far the most pros-
perous, financially, of any that has preceded. Our little family of over
three thousand breeders, whose interests are largely in our keeping, appear
to have been fully satisfied, and I believe quite generally appreciate what
I have been able to do for them in the line of recording the pedigrees of
their cattle, furnishing them promptly their certificates of registry and of
transfer registry, as well as in keeping them in line when occasionally the
rather difficult question of naming some of their animals arises — our rules
in that regard being somewhat indefinite.

Therefore, with no trouble to report, so far as my department is con-
cerned, certainly we have just cause for congratulation.

Since our last annual meeting we have admitted fourteen members,
which increases our membership to 314.

Volume I. of the Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book has been issued, in
which are recorded 5,687 animals. An expression by the Association as to
whether the work is satisfactory, as regards its style and general make-up,
would be thankfully received by me, in order that I, or my successor in
office, may be guided thereby in the future.

From March 1st, 1886, to March 1st, 1887, there have been registered
3,109 bulls and 3,709 cows, of which thirteen bulls and 268 cows were im-
ported animals.

During this period the ownership of 2,998 bulls and 3,286 cows has been
transferred on our records, necessitating an issue of 13,102 certificates of
registry ami transfer, being an increase of 2,307 over the previous year.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

Volume II. of our Herd-Book is now being printed, 976 pages having
already been completed. It will contain something over five hundred ped-
igrees more than are contained in Vol. I.

Seven thousand four hundred letters have been received and answered.

To some, no doubt, the financial statement which I have to offer will
prove most interesting, and to such I respectfully ask that they try to real-
ize, from a consideration of the above statement, the great amount of work
which must have been done.

The receipts for the year ending March 1st, 1887, are as follows :

RECEIPTS

Cash on hand March 1st, 1886 $ 94 00

Received for membership fees 1,900 00

Received for register of imported bulls 260 00

Received for register of imported cows 5,360 00

Received for register of bulls 5,302 65

Received for register of cows 5,849 00

Received for transfer register of bulls 1,476 00

Received for transfer register of cows 2,499 50

Received for duplicate certificates 48 50

Received for inspection of imported cattle 915 00

Receivedfor Herd-Books 684 49

Received for sundry old accounts paid 905 64

Received for fees not yet charged to personal accounts 663 34

EXPENDITURES.

For expenses Board of Officers S 356 36

For clerk hire 2,616 99

For expense account, including office rent for year, $270.00 2,407 23

For printing, including reprint of volumes I.-V 2,371 55

For inspection of imported cattle 563 18

For special premiums '. 520 00

For annual dues to National Cattle-Growers' Association 102 00

For Stamps 434 52

For balance paid to W. C. Brayton, Treasurer 16,586 29

We have on hand Herd-Books as follows:

Holstein : — ■

Volume 1 450 copies. ~| Not valued, having been

Volume II 32 copies. >- included in reprints of

Volume III 28 copies. J Volumes I.-V.

Volume VI., 92 copies, at $2.00 $ 184.00

Volume VII., 538 copies, at 2.25 1,200.00

Volume VIII., 830 copies, at 4.00 3,320.00

Volume IX., 952 copies, at 2.25 . 2,142.00

Reprint of Vols. I. to V., 467 copies, $3.00 1,401.00

Dutch- Friesian : —

Volume II., 314 copies, at $1.50 $ 471.00

Volume III., 17 copies, at 2.00 34.00

Volume IV., 239 copies, at 2 00 478.00

Holstein- Friesian : —

Volume I., 1,091 copies, at $4.00 $4,364.00

Total Volumes, 4,540. Total value $13,594.00

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

And this closes my report as Secretary for the past year. It means, in
a few words, that the Holstein-Friesian Association, as looked upon from a
business standpoint, is at least equal in standing to any other like associa-
tion in the world. It goes on from year to year increasing the respect in
which it is held, not by our breeders alone, but by all who take note of the
conduct of such organizations. That we may be able to command such re-
spect in the future is my most hearty wish.

Eespectfuly Submitted,

Thomas B. Wales, Jr.,

Secretary.
Mr. Liggett moved that the report of the Secretary be accepted, and
printed in the proceedings of this meeting.

Seconded and carried.

The President called for the report of the Treasurer, which was read by
Treasurer W. C. Bray ton, as follows:

TREASURER'S REPORT.

Syracuse, N. Y., March 15th, 1887.
Mr. President, and Gentlemen of the Holstein-Friesian Association of
America: It affords me great pleasure to make this, our second annual
financial report of this Association, for the fiscal year which ends with the
date of this meeting, and is as follows:

Balance on hand, as reported at the annual meeting held at Buffalo, in
March, 1886, $15,819.00.

RECEIPTS.

March 17. To balance, as per last report

June 10. To cash, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Secretary, with quarter-
ly report $ 4,553 01

To accrued interest at savings bank, at 4 per cent 120 00

To accrued interest on monthly balance, Trust and De-
posit Co., at 3% and 3 per cent 52 75

Sept. 23. To cash, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Secretary, with quar-
terly report 2,258 98

To cash, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Secretary 1,500 00

To cash, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Secretary, with quar-
terly report 255 40

115,819 00

July L
July 1.

Nov. 1.
Dec. 15.

1887.

Jan. 1.

Jan. 1.

March 1.

March 9.

To accrued interest at savings banks 120 00

To accrued interest at Trust and eposit Co., at 3% and

3 per cent 164 86

To accrued interest at Trust and Deposit Co. , at 3% and

3 per cent 51 02

To cash, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Secretary 8,018 90

Cash receipts for fiscal year -

17,094 92
£32,913 92

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

EXPENDITURES.

1886.

March 20. By cash, Thomas B.Wales, Jr., account of services,

year ending March 17th, 1886 $ 3,000 00

March 20. By cash, S. Hoxie, Superintendent Advanced Registry,

year ending March 17th, 1886 , 360 30

March 20. By cash, W. C. Brayton, Treasurer, services year end-
ing March 17th, 1886 250 00

July 1. By cash, W. C. Brayton, expense attending annual and

special meeting 15 71

Oct. 2. By cash, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., account of services six

months, to Sept. 1st, 1886 1,250 00

Oct. 19. By cash, Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, account of pub-
lishing Herd-Book 1,169 15

Nov. 1. By cash, Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, balance due pub-
lishing Herd-Book 3,182 65

1887.

Jan. 1. By cash, Bagg & Nottingham, attorneys, drawing up

Treasurer's bond 5 00 — 9,232 81

By balance 23,681 11

$32,913 92
Upon motion, the report of the Treasurer was accepted as read.

The President: It has been customary to appoint a Finance Commit-
tee to examine the accounts of the Secretary and Treasurer. Shall we have
such a committee at this meeting?

Mr. C. Pratt moved that the President appoint a committee of three
for that purpose.

Seconded and carried.

The chair appointed as such committee, Mr. C. Pratt, Mr. S. Burchard,
and Mr. C. C. Taylor.

1 The committee, as named, proceeded to act.

The President called for the report of the Superintendent of the Ad-
vanced Eegistry.

Mr. Hoxie read the report, as follows:

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF ADVANCED REGISTRY.

To the President and Members of the Holstein-Friesian Association oj
America: During the official year closing with this annual meeting there
has been received into the Advanced Register of this Association 341
entries, including those received up to date of last annual meeting — a total
of 381. The first volume has been published, containing entries of 350
cows and thirty-one bulls. Of the cows thus entered, 212 butter records
are given on the basis of a higher standard of requirements than that
adopted by any other association or any other publication in this country.
This, indeed, is a matter for congratulation. Hitherto the supremacy of
our cattle as milk producers only has been acknowledged. These records
will go far toward establishing their supremacy also as butter producers.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Several tests have been commenced under the supervision of the Super-
intendent and Inspectors. Some of these are not yet completed. Those
that have been completed are the largest received in their forms, and the
establishment of their reliability has closed the mouths of all doubters and
questioners, both in this country and in England. In thus doing, the repu-
tation of the breed has been established on a firmer foundation than it
ever before occupied.

It seems almost unnecessary to add that these tests have done much to-
ward strengthening public confidence in the wonderful records reported by
our breeders in the past, and hence, toward our reputation as an association.
It is not too much to say that the interests of every individual breeder have
thus been advanced.

During the year this department has published 5,000 copies of blank
applications, nearly all of which have been distributed among breeders.
It has also published 4,000 copies of a small pamphlet of eleven pages, con-
taining our scale of points and rules for Advanced Registry. These have
been distributed free of charge. The edition is entirely exhausted. In
accordance with a vote of the Board of Officers, we have also published 500
copies of the first volume of the Advanced Register. In accordance with
the requirements of the rules, 299 copies have been distributed to members
of this Association — 297 copies by mail, and two by personal delivery. The
Board of Officers directed that the retail price of this volume be fixed at or
about fifty per cent above the net cost of printing and binding. This net
cost was ninety-seven and one-fifth cents per copy. Accordingly, the retail
price was fixed at $1.50 per copy, if personally delivered, or at $1.65 if de-
livered by mail.

The accounts of this department may be briefly summarized, as follows:

ADVANCED REGISTRY. DR.

To fees for 341 entries $1,023 00

To 297 copies Advanced Register mailed to members, at $1.65

per copy 490 05

To two copies personally delivered, at $1.50 per copy, 3 00

To 201 copies, at net cost of printing, 97 1-5 cents per copy 195 37

$1,711 42

CONTRA. CR.

By stationary $ 9 91

By postage 62 64

By traveling expenses 18 15

By express charges 3 30

By telegraph and telephone communications 1 90

By purchase of seal 15 00

By purchase of certificate book for bulls 15 00

By paying for engraving 9 00

By clerk hire 2 75

By printing Advanced Register 486 00

By other printing 61 01

By salary of Superintendent 500 00

By paying Inspectors 475 00— $1,659 66

Balance on hand 51 76

$1,711 42

All ot which is respectfully submitted.

S. Hoxie, Superintendent.

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

Upon motion, the report was received and ordered published with the
proceedings of this meeting.

Mr. E. P. Tafft suggested that the report of the Superintendent of Ad-
vanced Registry be referred to the committee to which was referred the
reports of the Secretary and Treasurer.

Motion seconded and carried.

Me. Yeomans: I would like to see, when we get through, and when the
proceedings are published, a list of the names of the gentlemen who were
in attendance. Some come a long distance to attend, and I think it would
be very well to know who it is who come from a long distance to our
meetings.

The President: If there be no objection to the suggestion, it will be
adopted.

Mr. C. W. Hore: If you have read the action of our Board at the last
meeting, you will discover we offered a hundred dollars for a prize essay ac-
cording to the rules therein stated. They are, briefly, as follows: The
President was to select the three essays which he liked best, and the Secre-
tary the three which he liked best, and those were to be forwarded to a referee,
and the referee, from that number, was to select the one which he liked best,
and which was to receive the prize. The Board did me the honor to select me
as referee, and our worthy President selected three, having one that the Secre-
tary did not send, and the Secretary sent three, having only one that the
President did not send ; and I selected the one that the President sent and
that the Secretary did not. It was written by a foreigner, and, notwith-
standing the language was not quite as rhetorical as the language of some
of the others, indeed, not nearly so, it seemed to me to be the fullest of real
practical hard sense; so I had to sustain the judgment of our President,
and I award the prize, as the referee, to this essay. I do not know who
wrote it. I was not to know, and I do not now know.

The Secretary moved that the successful essay be printed in the report
of this meeting.

Motion seconded and carried.

Mr. Horr moved that the successful essay be included in the report of
the annual meeting, but be omitted from the Herd-Book. Also moved
that the second choice be published, if the gentleman will consent to have
it published.

Mr. Wales accepted the amendment.

The chair put the question as amended, which was carried.

Mr. Horr called for the name of the successful competitor.

Mr. Wales: His name is T. M. Koldyk, of Friesland. He is at pres-
ent in Iowa City, in my employ, taking care of a part of my cattle. I will

10 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

say further, that I never gave this young man one single point of informa-
tion of any kind; that I never knew of his doing the work until he brought
me his manuscript the day before the entries closed, and asked me to con-
sider it with the others.

Mr. Neilson: I would make a motion, that whereas there are some
three thousand breeders of Holstein cattle throughout the country who do
not get any of the reports of this Association; and, as men who first buy
Holstein cattle naturally do not know about the various operations of the
society, such as the recording of them, they do not know that we have
Herd-Books; the whole thing is more or less a mystery to them; such
matter as to us seems a matter of course is not so to a great many of the
new breeders. Now, in order to inform them, and to widen the interest in
this breed of cattle, I move that the proceedings of this meeting, which
will also contain this essay, be printed in pamphlet form and several thous-
and extra copies be printed and sent to all the Holstein breeders, as far as
we can reach them.

Motion seconded.

The motion was amended so as to include Canada and Mexico.

Amendment accepted.

Question put as amended, and carried.

Mr. Huidekoper moved that hereafter all books and properties in the
hands of any officer of the Association be estimated and put into the inven-
tory at cost price.

Seconded and carried.

The President: At the meeting of the Board yesterday, Mr. Wales
was requested to present to you a matter that will be of interest, and he
will take this opportunity, there being nothing particularly before the
meeting at this time.

Mr. Wales: I was authorized by the Board to recommend some reso-
lutions, which are as follows, and explain themselves:

' ' Whereas, The American Jersey Cattle Club has asked the co-opera-
tion of this Association in its endeavors to procure the passage by each
state legislature of ' an act to punish false pretenses in obtaining registra-
tion of cattle and other animals, and to punish giving false pedigrees;' it
is therefore

"Resolved, That this Association does hereby heartily approve and
endorse the timely action of the American Jersey Cattle Club in this most
important matter, and assures it of the cordial support and assistance of
this Association."

Mr. E. A. Powell: I am glad, indeed, that our Secretary has been
thoughtful enough to bring that matter before the Association. I think it

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 11

is a very important one. The American Jersey Cattle Club have taken a
good move in the right direction in urging the passage of such a bill.
They have been in correspondence with quite a number of breeders of this
Association, who have heartily, I think, endorsed and have taken pains to
encourage the passage of that kind of a bill, and it looks as though it was
a step in the right direction. We want to put our foot on fraud wherever
we find it. And it seems to me that not only would the breeding of cattle
be benefitted, but all improved stock. I believe this bill has already
passed both houses of this state, and I think a general bill covering the
same ground should be encouraged.

Mr. Burrell called for the reading of the bill.

The Secretary read the bill, as follows:

1 ' AN ACT To punish false pretenses in obtaining registration of cattle
and other animals, and to punish giving false pedigrees.

' ' The people of the State of , represented in Senate and Assembly, do

enact as follows: Section I. Every person who by any false pretense
shall obtain from any club, association, society, or company for improving
the breed of cattle, horses, sheep, swine, or other domestic animals, the
registration of any animal in the herd register, or other register of any such
club, association, society, or company, or a transfer of any such registration,
and every person who shall knowingly give a false pedigree of any animal,
upon conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment in a state
prison for a term not exceeding three years, or in a county jail for a term
not exceeding one year, or by a tine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or
by both such fine and imprisonment.

"Sec. II. This act shall take effect immediately. "

Mr. W. G. Powell: The bill is before the Pennsylvania legislature.
I have assurances, as one of a committee to defend its passage, that it will
pass, and also the assurance of the Governor that it will receive his
sanction.

Me. Yeomans: That bill, as read, is substantially a bill that has passed
our state legislature (New York) and has received the sanction of the
Governor.

Mr. Smith moved the adoption of the resolution.

The President: I think it would be well to have a copy of this reso-
lution sent wherever the Secretary or President deem advisable.

The motion for the adoption of the resolution was seconded and carried.

The President: The chair will state that Mr. Houghton was in-
structed by the President to present a matter before the Association, and
he will now present it, there being nothing particularly before the meeting.

12 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Houghton : This Association, about a year and a half or two years
ago, joined what is now known as the Consolidated Cattle-Growers' Asso-
ciation. In that association there are no personal members. It is an
association that consists only of bodies. The object of that association is
to promote generally the interests of cattle-breeilers and owners all over
the country. The membership fee is $15.00, and a yearly assessment upon
each association, according to the number of its members, of fifty cents for
each member. The past year this Consolidated Cattle-Growers' Association
has been engaged in the good work of securing legislation by Congress
which would prevent the spread of pleuro-pneumonia, and other matters
that are generally for the interest of cattle-breeders everywhere. In that
attempt they have spent considerable money, and now they ask us, not
alone, but with almost every other association that is interested in cattle, to
contribute a certain amount towards those expenses. It is a perfectly just
request, and should be consented to and promptly honored. For this asso-
ciation is the only association of the kind in the United States, and is un-
doubtedly using its best efforts to promote the interests of all cattle-
breeders. Among the other societies that have been assessed, I see the
names of the American Jersejr Cattle Club, the American Hereford Breeders'
Association, the Dakota Fine Stock Breeders' Association, and numerous
agricultural societies and stock-breeding associations all over the country.
The amount requested of our Association is $250.00. Small associations
are not charged quite as much as the others. I also see that the largest
railroads are asked to contribute the same amount. As I have said, it
seems to be a very proper thing to do. We are members of that associa-
tion, and should keep ourselves in good standing with that work.

Secretary Wales: I will state that the delegates appointed from
this Association took part in the election of officers of the Consolidated
Cattle-Growers' Association at its annual meeting at Chicago, in November
last.

Mr. J. W. Stillwell: I move you, sir, that the Secretary of our As-
sociation be instructed to notify the Secretary of the Consolidated Cattle-
Growers' Association that we will honor their draft for $250.00 for this
purpose.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I will call upon our President, who has given
this matter more attention, and probably knows more about it than the rest
of us. He has been in Washington, and I want a fair and square state-
ment in regard to what he thinks, after seeing the ins and outs and ups and
downs of the matter this winter. I would like his opinion upon it.

President Stevens: This puts me in a very unpleasant position.

Mr. Powell: I knew it would.

President Stevens: Thank you, sir. It puts me in an unpleasant
position l'or this reason, that I am a member of this Association, and I

L887.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 13

heartily eo-operate in everything that will benefit the breeding of cattle
and their general welfare. I have tried to do everything I could for their
support; and I also represented this Association at the meeting of the Con-
solidated Cattle-Growers' Association held in Chicago last fall. You,
gentlemen, are well aware of the action taken by that association, and it
would be a long, tedious, and tiresome thing for you to listen to, were I
to recite to you the ins and outs of the whole matter, as I understand them
and have looked at it. The proceedings of that association have been pub-
lished, and you can all draw your inferences whether it was a politic thing
to do or not. Nevertheless, it was done, and the result followed. We
stand to-day without any legislation whatever in regard to the matter,
with the exception of an appropriation to be expended by the Commis-
sioner of Agriculture. We have no commissioners to investigate or to
stamp out pleuro-pneumonia. The committee that represented the Na-
tional Cattle-Growers' Association of America undoubtedly did as they
themselves thought for the best interests that they represented. Whether
they did is a question for those interested to judge; not for me. I think
that inasmuch as we have a large cash balance on hand, it would not de-
plete our deposit a great deal to appropriate the the $250.00. If I should be
called upon to vote, J should vote, under the circumstances, to pay the
$250.00.

Mb. Sweet: Would it be on the ground of services rendered, or what
would it be on ?

President Stevens: It would be, sir, on general principles.

Mr. Huidekoper: Mr. President, did not the representatives from
this Association meet with the National Cattle-Growers' Association in
Chicago, and take part in the proceedings of that association ? Did we not
appoint representatives to represent not only the National Cattle-Growers'
Association, but, through our representatives, to represent us at Washing-
ton? Did we not incur this liability? If we have made a mistake in the
representation that we had at Washington, and have failed entirely in our
purpose, did we not at all events incur a liability which we are under obli-
gations to pay ?

The President: I will say this, that we did take part in the election
of the officers of the National Cattle-Growers' Association. We voted for
them on the nomination. They, as officers, or as President of the Associa-
tion, appointed the Congressional Committees.

Mr. Powell: Mr. President, we have a list of associations, railroad
companies, etc., from whom they have asked contributions. We have no
list of those who responded. Now, I would suggest that instead of our
having this absolutely determined now, that it be referred to the Board of
Officers. If, upon inquiry, they satisfy themselves that other associations

14 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

and companies have responded, and that this money is to be legitimately
used, that they appropriate it. If not all, such portion of it as the Board,
in their discretion, think advisable.

The President: The chair would suggest that Mr. Houghton did not
read the letter from the Secretary of that association to the Secretary of
our Association, in which he says that all requests have been promptly re-
sponded to, and nearly all of them have answered by sending their checks.

(Mr. Wales read the letter referred to. )

Me. Smith: It seems to me very clear from the statements that have
been made here in regard to this Association that we are honorably bound
to pay this assessment, no matter whether we have realized any benefits or
not. The only question is to look out for the future. If you have any in-
structions to give to your officers in the future, now is the time to do it,
and I move that the amount be paid.

Mr. Sweet seconded the motion.

Mr. Yeomans: Is this for expenses already incurred in the past, or to
be incurred in the future ?

The President: It is my understanding that it is for legislative ex-
penses of the past winter. There was a committee at Washington for some
two months, and they have necessarily incurred some expenses, and the
chair understands it is to defray these expenses that the assessment is
made.

The chair put the question, which was carried.

The chairman stated that the Finance Committee was ready to report.

The chairman of the Committee, Mr. C. Pratt, presented the following-
report.

Mr. President : Your committee would state that they have gone over
the Secretary's, Treasurer's, and Superintendent of Advanced Eegistry's
accounts, and find them correct. All of which is respectfully submitted.

It was moved that the report of the Finance Committee be received and
adopted.

Seconded and carried, and the committee discharged.

Mr. Horr: It seems to me that we are going to be a little crowded for
time. There has to be a meeting of the Board of Officers at the intermis-
sion ; would it not be well to adj ourn and let the Board of Officers have
their meeting, and then we can get back early.

The President: The chair would state that the Board of Officers ad-
journed yesterday for a certain purpose; that purpose has not been accom-
plished, and until all the members of the Board are present he does not see
that the Board can meet. I understand that Mr. Singerly is on the way
here; he is a member of our Board.

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 15

The President called for the report of the Committee on Proxies.

Mr. Lamb, as Chairman of the Committee, read his report, as follows:

The committee appointed to examine proxies respectfully report that
the following members are entitled to vote the number of proxies set op-
posite their names:

F. L. Houghton, . 32

Anthony Lamb, 30

F. C. Stevens, 25

Thomas B. Wales, Jr., 20

H. Langworthy, 16

S. Burchard, 12

S. Hoxie, 12

T. G. Yeomans, 10

Watkin G. Powell, 5

C. J. Lord, 4

C. R. Payne, 4

W. M. Liggett. 3

D. H. Burrell, 2

Dexter Severy, 2

J. W. Stillwell, 2

G. M. Carpenter, 2 -

J. W. Stillwell & F. C. Stevens, 2

John Lightner, 1

Henry Van Dreser, 1

Jere Allis, 1

George L. Wells, 1

S. N. Wright, 1

James C. Poor, 1

A. W. Brown, 1

W. J. Potter, 1

C. W. Horr, 1

Blank, signed by D. H. Taylor, 1

Whole number of proxies, 193

Mr. Huidekoper moved that the report of the Committee on Proxies be
accepted, and the committee discharged.

Seconded.

Mr. W. G. Powell moved that the report of the Committee on Proxies
be received, and that the committee hold over until afternoon.

Mr. Huidekoper accepted the amendment.

The question, as amended, was put and carried.

Upon motion, the meeting adjourned until 2 o'clock P. M.

16 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The President called the meeting to order at 2 o'clock p. M.

The President: The chair would state that all the preliminary busi-
ness has been transacted, and we now come to the regular business of the
meeting, brought before it in the order of the call. The first matter to be
considered is that the fees for registration and transfer of animals be re-
duced.

Me. J. W. Stillwell: I believe that that proposition originated with
myself. At the time, I expected to continue in the Holstein business, but
since then, through force of circumstances, I, to a certain extent, lost the
interest which I expected to have in the matter. As far as I am concerned
myself, really I have not any pecuniary interest in it at the present time.

The President : The gentleman who represents this call makes no
motion upon that question. Is there any other gentleman in the house who
entertains the same view, or desires to have this matter brought to the at-
tention of the Association? If not, the matter will be dropped without
further consideration.

Me. Powell: It would seem to me from the present financial condi-
tion of our Association, with the amount of money in the treasury, that
we can, at least for the coming year, during the present stringency in the
stock business of the country, relieve, to some extent, the breeders from what
has seemed to some embarrassment. We can reduce the expense of reg-
istering and transfer to the members of our Association to a point that will
just cover the actual running expenses, and if we do that we are dividing
the advantages of our Association with our fellow-breeders. At times when
we have needed funds our breeders have responded liberally. I believe
there has never been a protest against any fee that has been charged for
registry or transfer, or anything of the kind, by the Association. Now, it
seems to me that on the part of this Association we can show something of
an appreciation by relieving them partially at this time; and, although I
had not expected to do so — 1 supposed the party who offered this call
would bring the matter in shape — and as that is not done, I now move that
for all members of this Association the record of all American-bred animals
and the transfer of all animals be reduced one-half for the coming year.

Motion seconded.

Mk. Yeomans: I would propose to amend that slightly. The transfer
fee is now small, and I would not divide it. I would make the transfer
fee nothing; make it free, and reduce the registry one-half. I move that as
an amendment.

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 17

Mr. Powell accepted the amendment.

The chair put the question, which was carried.

The President: The second question is that the registry fee for bulls
be increased to twenty-five dollars. I would state, at the request of a mem-
ber of the Association who is not here, and did not expect to be here, I put
this in the call for him. I do not approve of it myself, but acted at his
request.

A member moved that it be laid on the table.

Motion seconded and carried.

The President: The third proposition is as follows: That when one
member of a firm or corporation is a member of the Association, such firm
or corporation be entitled to the registry and transfer of animals for mem-
ber's fees. The Secretary has a letter from Mr. Shallcross relative to this
matter. He is one of the gentlemen who made the call. The Secretary
will read Mr. Shallcross' views in regard to the matter.

The Secretary read the letter referred to, as follows:

Mr. President, and Gentlemen of the Association : The only explanation
that can be offered of the action of this Association at its last meeting, in
passing the rule requiring all members of a firm to become members of the
Association before they can register their cattle for the same fees exacted
from individual owners of herds, is that the wisest assemblies sometimes
frame laws lacking in both wisdom and justice.

Why this Association refuses to follow the common usage in regard to
firms is past finding out. In the commercial world, it is only necessary to
transact with one member of a firm; through him the firm speaks and
acts. We conduct our negotiations with one, not with each member sepa-
rately, he representing his associate or associates in the matter.

The law draws no distinction between firms and individuals, but places
both upon the same footing, looking upon auy one partner who may repre-
sent his firm in the courts as if he were the firm itself. But so far as the
charges for registering cattle are concerned, this Association will not permit
a firm of breeders to derive any benfit by reason of one of its members be-
ing a member of the Association, nor will it admit a firm as a firm. It re-
quires each and every member of a co-partnership to become members of
the Association, independent of their joint ownership of the cattle they de-
sire to register, before they will allow them to register their stock at the
same rate it charges where the ownership is vested in a single person who is
a member. In other words, it, in its wisdom, sees fit to draw a decided dis-
tinction between firms and individuals, putting such an impost upon the
former that to a firm it becomes a question whether it would not be more
profitable to remain outside the Association altogether, and pay the fees ex-
acted from non-members. Let us take an example: Two parties join to-
2

18 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

gether for the purpose of breeding Holstein-Friesian cattle, say on a moderate
scale. They collect a herd of twenty-five females. To curtail the cost of reg-
istering the produce of their herd, they are willing for one of them to be-
come a member of the Association, or are willing to join the Association as
a firm, but they find that their firm cannot join as a firm; and to accom-
plish their object, both must join at a cost of $200.00, while their neighbor
and competitor, who owns as an individual 100 head, has obtained the priv-
ileges they wish at a cost of $100.00. It would require four years of regis-
tering the produce of their herd to get back this most unjust overcharge.

It is not at all likely they would suffer such an imposition, nor would
their opinion of the fairness and judgment of the Holstein-Friesian Asso-
ciation be very elevated.

Suppose this incident should occur: A merchant of Buffalo goes to take
out his city license. ' ' How much business do you do ? " he is asked.
' ' $200,000. 00 a year. " " How many are in your firm ? " " Six. " " You
will have to take out six licenses at $100.00 each — $600.00."

Before the merchant can recover from his astonishment his competitor
steps up for a license. "How much business do you do? " " $500,000.00
a year." " Have you any partners ? " "No." " You will need only one
license, $1J0.00."

Rome might not, but I venture to say Buffalo would, howl. What would
be said if the license law of the City of Buffalo was such that an incident
like this could occur ? Yet the rule of this Association regarding the reg-
istration of cattle belonging to firms is identical in kind to such a law —
equally as absurd, equally as narrow in policy, equally as discriminating.

It may be urged in favor of the existing rule, that where a firm is rep-
resented in the Association by only one partner the Association cannot reach
his associates in case they commit acts for which, if they were members,
they could be held amenable. As a firm is responsible for the part-
ners, so the partner is responsible for the firm, and the member of a firm
who is also a member of the Association stands as bondsman for his part-
ners, and consequently must be prepared to bear himself whatever penalties
the misdeeds of his partners deserve. But the Association has yet a more
effectual weapon for controlling these outside members of a firm. It can
erase the names of all their cattle from the Herd-Books, depreciating the
value of the stock to that of mere grades, and it can prevent their ever
afterwards registering and transferring cattle, virtually destroying their
business. Even if they were so inclined, with such consequences staring
them in the face, they would be slow to commit practices which would
bring down upon them the wrath of the Holstein-Friesian Association.

It may be advanced that where only one member of a firm belongs to
the Association his partners derive, in the matter of registration, benefits to
which they are not entitled, but a moment's reflection will reveal the falla-
cy of such an argument. As well say that the junior member of a firm of
cotton-dealers is not entitled to his share of the firm benefits derived from

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 19

the cotton exchange because only the senior partner is a member of the
exchange. The expense of having one of them a member of the Associa-
tion is equally divided among a firm of breeders, and in proportion to the
cost they obtain no more advantages than does Mr. Jones, who is sole own-
er of Ms herd. It is the herd of cattle at last; and the Ashland herd, owned
by four men, asks no more at the hands of the Association than the herd of
Mr. Jones — it simply does not wish to be discriminated against. The fact
that some firms have all their members members of the Association proves
nothing. It sets no precedent nnd makes no law to guide this Association.
It is a matter which concerns those firms alone. Most of them became
members when it cost considerably less than it does now, and they became
members to use their vote.

There is another question which forces itself to the surface in this dis-
cussion. How will you deal with corporations and companies? It is not
so long since that the project was bruited in Kentucky to form a company
and buy a body of land for the purpose of breeding Holstein-Friesians.
Say this design had come to a head, and the company consisted of ten men,
who, on investigation, found that every one of them would be compelled to
join this Association, at a cost of $1,000.00, before they could register their
cattle at membership rates; what would have been the result? The prob-
abilities are strong that the undertaking would have been dropped at
once. Is this the way to encourage the dissemination and breeding of our
cattle ?

While the rule as it now stands is unjust in all its operations, and a
grave mistake when considered from a purely business standpoint, it is
especially oppressive to those firms of which one of their members is a
member of the Association, and which, prior to the last meeting, had for
some time been allowed to register their cattle at membership rates. To
them it is retroactive in effect, and it is not necessary to tell you gentlemen
that no court of equity will sustain a retroactive law. These firms paid
their money in good faith, and thought themselves secure in the privileges
they bought. One, at least, was so assured by an officer of the Association
— and enjoyed them for a length of time — which of itself should make
them inalienable. Then this rule is passed, whose working most unreason-
ably goes into the past over a period of years, and revokes rights for which
full value has been given. True, there was no law covering the point, but
the action of the Association in receiving from those firms the fees for one
of their members becoming a member of the Association, and allowing them
to register their stock at membership rates for such length of time, became
of itself, as between those firms and the Association, an unwritten law,
guaranteeing and vesting rights which are indefeasible.

Now, it certainly seems that the proper thing for this Association to do
is to do away with the present illiberal and proscriptive rule — a rule un-
worthy of a body of enlightened men — and allow firms to become members
as a firm, with only one vote, and to register their stock at membership fees
on account of one of their members beina; a member of the Association.

20 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Believe me, the present rule is hurtful to the interests of the breed, and
is calculated to antagonize where we should conciliate.

This Association is a National one now, and not run for the benefit of a
few. Certainly the finances of the Association do not call for this rule, and
I move you that the rule be abolished.

Eespectfully,

John W. Shallcross, Jr.

Motioned seconded.

Mr. Miller: I would like to make an amendment to that motion. It
seems to me that it would be fair to all corporations which are members of
our Association, and to those which are members in part in our Associa-
tion, to regulate the fee for entering animals in proportion to the fractional
portion of membership of those firms. Let me illustrate: If there is a
firm of two people, one of them is a member of the Association and one is
not, I would favor admitting one-half of their cattle at membership fees,
the other half at non-member's fees. If there is more than two, I should
take the same fractional portion as represented by the members of this
Association in the corporation, whether one-half, one-third, or three-
fourths, or whatever it may be. In that way we would be giving to mem-
bers of our Association simply their just dues, and to outsiders their just
dues.

Mr. Stillwell: I sympathize with Mr. Shallcross myself, to the
extent of a hundred dollars. About a year ago I was advised by the honor-
able Secretary that there would be no more cattle registered for J. W. Still-
well & Co. at membership fees until the remaining partner joined the
Association. At the same time, I knew there was considerable feeling
among some of the members, and also with one or two of the Board. We
had a meeting of our company, and I told them " we are liable now to get
into a very nice little pickle here. For instance, suppose Mr. Eiley, a
member of our firm, should not be admitted to the Association. Prac-
tically, then, J. W. Stillwell and G. W. Cruikshank, another member of
our firm, also a member of this Association, could receive no benefit
whatever by being members of this Association. The only privileges that
they would be allowed would be to come and vote (which they could
do at home just as well as here). That was one reason why, if you
will remember, one year ago I had a sale on the same day that you met in
Buffalo. It was said to me, why do you have the sale on the day of the
meeting of the Association? I made the remark that I thought the Asso-
ciation did not care very much for me, and I cared less for them; that I
would make the sale when I got ready, and would consult nobody. I think
the rule has been arbitrary. It is radically wrong. You have no right to
say that all the members shall join the Association before they can reap
any benefits from it at all. While I feel in sympathy with Mr. Shallcross,
I would vote for his resolution in full, but at the same time how are you

1887.J HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 21

going to reconcile those whom you have compelled to pay this $100.00;
and as an amendment to Mr. Miller's amendment I would suggest
that the first member he charged $100.00, the second one $50.00, and the
balance admitted for nothing, and then register their cattle as members of
the Association. I think this would be fair. There are seldom more than
three men connected in this way, and I think that that would be a fair
compensation to the Association, and I would offer that as an amendment —
that the first one of the firm be charged $100.00, the secoud one $50.00, and
the balance admitted free of any charge.

Me. Huidekopee: I would like to ask the speaker, when this firm
dissolved partnership, what are you going to do with their membership ?
You have got six members and six partners who would be made members
for $150.00. Those four members then retain their memership for life
for nothing, and the Association gets no benefit of it.

Mr. Still well: The Association has had the benefit of the $150.00.
If the firm has retired, they would simply say, "I have no interest in this;
I do not wish to vote either way," and they do not vote at all, the same as
I have done with Mr. Stevens. I sent in the proxies of J. W. Cruikshank
and Mr. Riley, and told Mr. Stevens that under the existing circumstances
I should stand and look on, and that he might take those proxies and vote
himself and I would not vote. If our firm goes out of existence, I do not
suppose either of us will vote in the Association again, unless we have
cattle. If you have any difficulties whatever, I think it is proper and right
that you should settle them among yourselves. The gentleman speaks of
six members; I do not suppose you would find to-day in the Association
any four men connected in a company.

Mr. C. Pratt: I know of five.

Mr. W. G. Powell: We have rules prohibiting membership by for-
eigners— those who are not residents or citizens of the United States and
the Dominion of Canada. Suppose I, myself, should see fit to form a part-
nership with some foreigner, and under that rule, as proposed, how would
it prohibit importation of cattle in that way, or their registration ? What
would be effected by this rule and the modification of it? There are
certainly some things very fair about Mr. Miller's suggestion that a pro-
portion, pro rata, of the cattle of a firm should be registered. As has been
suggested by Mr. Still well, that the first member should pay $100.00, the
second $50.00, and all thereafter should be admitted free, that would put us
in a position that we would be compelled to admit any scalawag that any
member might see fit to form a partnership with. Now, do we want to do
that ? If we so modify the rule as to admit registration, as suggested by Mr.
Miller, pro rata with the membership of the firm, then there should go with
that some restriction that it should not apply to the importation of cattle,
or cattle not of American birth. For myself, I have no special preference
in the matter. I recognize some justice in Mr. Shallcross' argument. On

22 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

the other hand, I think he has gone to an extreme when he proposes that
these are rules that are not in accordance with what should be in a respect-
able body of men.

Me. E. P. Tafft: The remarks made by the gentleman referred, as I
understand them, to firms where there are several members. But you take
the case of a corporation chartered by law, how are you going to operate
with them? They own the cattle and want to register, and one of their
officers may be a member of the Association. How are you going to cover
their case ? That is properly a corporation, and not a co-partnership of sev-
eral members.

Me. Smith : We have discussed this question at two or three meetings,
and the question of companies and large firms seems to be a very difficult
and almost impossible one to handle. There seems to be a good many ways
suggested. It seems to me, as I think of it, the question is at once, why is
there an injustice? Is it because the membership fee is too high? If it is
too high, make it less. If $100.00 is too much, make it $50.00. If it is not
worth $50.00 to be a member of this Association, make it $25.00, or $10.00,
or whatever it is worth. We cannot undertake to give the benefits of this
Association broadcast over the country, regardless of where they may strike.
It seems to me that the system proposed might answer the purpose. In the
cases — of which I believe we have twenty-five or thirty — where there are
more than one member in the firm, and one of those members is a member
of this Association, why would it not be proper for this Association to trans-
fer free the cattle in the name of the firm to the name of that individual
who happens to be a member of this Association ? That is, of course, pro-
vided the firm saw fit to accept that. They could then transact their busi-
ness in their firm name and register their cattle in the name of the one
member of the firm who happened to be a member of this Association.

The Peesident: The question before the house is, when one member
of a firm or corporation is a member of the Association, shall such firm or
corporation be entitled to register and transfer animals at membership fees ?
The amendment offered by Mr. Miller is, that it shall be done pro rata;
where there are two members of the firm, one-half of the cattle shall be
registered at the original charge and the other half at the fee of membership.

Me. Smith: I make my suggestion in the shape of an amendment.

Amendment seconded.

Me. Huidekopee: I move that it be applied only to American-bred
animals.

Mr. Smith accepted Mr. Huidekoper's amendment.

Me. Hoee: You do not mean imported animals that have already been
registered.

Me. Powell: My idea is that it shall not apply to the original regis-
tration of imported animals.

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 23

Mr. Houghton: Mr. President, I would like to ask Mr. Miller if he
will explain how he would keep the accounts of those firms with the Asso-
ciation. I think there is a practical difficulty; that we would need to
establish something in the nature of a clearing-house hi the Secretary's
office in order to keep an account of the registry fees. Will Mr. Miller
please suggest a plan for doing it?

Mr. Miller: That would be work for the Secretary's office to do. It
could easily be clone by a system of percentage. If there are three mem-
bers of a firm, and only one member is a member of this Association, one-
third of the cattle offered by that firm should be accepted at membership
rates. If it is for transfer, nothing should be charged for that one-third.
For the other two-thirds charge full rate. The same in regard to recording.
Of course it would make a little more work in the Secretary's office.

Mr. Tafft: In the case of a corporation, what would you do?

Mr. Miller: They would have to pay non-members' fees unless they
are members of this Association.

Mr. Tafft: It hardly seems to me to be justice to the corporation that
is represented by only one individual.

The President: The last amendment is that offered by Mr. Smith,
that the Association transfer to the member of a firm who is a member of
this Association. Are you ready for this amendment?

Mr. E. A. Powell: I offer the amendment that this rule should not
apply to the registration of imported animals.

The President: That amendment was accepted.

Mr. Wales: Mr. President, I really do not see how this rule is going
to work, as proposed by Mr. Miller. I am sorry to disagree with Mr. Miller.
I very seldom do. I hope we can find some other manner of satisfying
gentlemen belonging to these firms owning cattle, and also corporations. It
is a pretty difficult question to decide what is best. I think as stated
in the call is a fair way to do, but I would not include any foreigner
as a member of a firm ; any firm that had a foreigner as a member I would
not allow the privileges under this proposed change in the By-Laws.

Mr. Smith: Will Mr. Wales be kind enough to state the particular
objection to Mr. Miller's proposition. It looks to me to be a very fair one,
but there may be things about it that I do not understand.

Mr. Wales: That is my trouble. I do not fully understand it either.
If Mr. Miller will explain how it is going to work I will try and be satisfied.
We would have to keep an account of just how many cattle every firm owns
and divide it up.

Mr. Miller: You would only have to consider the number of animals
that were offered for registry and transfer, and at each transaction send in

24 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

your bill for the amount, or require payment of the amount. Whenever
they send you fifty animals, and one-fifth of them are to be entered at mem-
bership rates, it is easy enough to arrive at the amount due.

Mr. Wales: I think that would not be very difficult.

Me. Wheeler: I would be interested personally in having this
amendment, as my son and myself are together, and owning cattle to-
gether; but I have thought it perfectly proper that it should remain just
as it was, in view of the difficulties that we all seem to apprehend in this
matter; and I move that the question be laid on the table.

Motion seconded.

Motion to lay the matter on the table put and carried.

A division was called for.

A standing vote was taken, and the motion to lay the question on the
table was declared carried by a vote of 46 to 18.

The President: The next topic under discussion is the amendment
to Section 2 of Article II. of the By-Laws.

The Secretary read Section 2 of Article II.

Me. Wing R. Smith : I would move to amend Section 2 of Article II.
so as to read as follows: "The Board of Officers of this corporation, as a
board, shall have and take the entire control and management of its affairs
and business, with full power and authority to do what they deem proper
and best for its interest; but nothing contrary to the expressed wish of the
Association" — " but nothing contrary to the expressed wish of the Asso-
ciation," I wish to have put in — "and they shall have no authority to
contract a debt against the corporation beyond its current expenses, and in
no case beyond the amount of cash in the treasury, and nothing shall be
done which is not in accordance with the purpose and spirit of the Charter
and By-Laws; " and here I add, " But shall in all cases execute every ex-
pressed will of the Association as expressed at any regular meeting. "

Motion seconded.

Mr. Huidekoper: If we are limited to this, to transact only such
business as is the expressed wish of the Association, then the Association
has got to attend to all the business.

Mr. Smith: Allow me to explain. If, for instance, the Association
pass a resolution that a certain thing shall or shall not be done, the object
of the resolution is that the Board of Officers shall not have it in their
power to go on and do that thing, contrary to the expressed will of the
Association, which has been done in the past.

Mr. C. Pratt: I understand this a little different. At our annual
meeting last year there was a resolution offered and adopted to the effect

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 25

that this Association should give no premiums where oleomargarine was on
exhibition. After we had adjourned there were circulars issued by the
Board to each one of the members, asking the privilege of appropriating a
certain sum, as I understand, for premiums at that show. We had ex-
pressly stated here that we should not exhibit. I understand that the
Board did appropriate money for exhibitions there.

Me. Still WELL: I remember that circular very well myself, and I ask
for enlightenment if I am wrong; I never heard how the vote stood on
that. I remember distinctly that we voted, and I do not believe that it
was ever announced how that vote stood by the Secretary. I see that the
Board went on and did it anyway.

The President: The chair is not able to answer that question; but
as soon as the Secretary has an opportunity, he will no doubt furnish the
desired information.

The chairman put the question on the amendment to Section 2 of
Ai'ticle II., which was carried.

The President: The next call is in reference to amending Section 6
of Article IV.

The Secretary read the section referred to.

Mr. Horr : I move that we lay that upon the table.

Seconded.

The President: I do not think it is necessary to lay this question on
the table. The mover of the amendment is not present, or if he is, he does
not seem to be anxious to bring it up. The Secretary will read Section 8.

The Secretary read Section 8 of Article IV.

The President: Is the gentleman present who desires to have this
amended ?

Mr. G. V. DeGraaf: I would like to have the Secretary read the
amendments which I have offered.

The Secretary read the petition of Mr. DeGraaf, as follows:
To the Holstein-Friesian Association of America:

Your petitioner, Garret V. De Graaf, a member of the above named
Association, respectfully asks that the By-Laws of the said Association be
changed, amended, or modified, in the following respects and particulars,
viz.:

First. That Section 6 of Article IV., page 19, shall be changed, amended,
or modified to such an extent that in case any member or members of the As-
sociation shall purchase an animal or animals within the United States of America
(instead of Europe), that any said member or members shall have and shall

26 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

be allowed and entitled to all the registration privilege contained in said
section and article, and as if the said animal or animals had been shipped
from Europe.

Second. That Section 8 of Article IV., pages 19 and 20, shall be changed,
amended, or modified to such an extent that any member or members of
the Association shall be vested ivith the right and power to make application to
the Secretary of the Association for the registry of any animal or animals pur-
chased within the United States, and to be given and to be controlled by the
same privileges and rights governing applications for the registry of imported
animals.

Third. That Section 8 of Article IV., page 20, about line 18, which
reads, "unless the animal or its dam and sire are registered," shall be
changed or amended so as to read, " unless the animal or its dam or sire are
registered."

Fourth. That Section 8 of Article IV., page 20, about lines 24 and 25,
shall be changed, amended, or modified to such an extent as to read as
follows: " Any person or persons applying to the Secretary for the inspection of
imported animals shipped from Europe or animals purchased in the United
States."

Fifth. That Section 8 of Article IV., page 20, about lines 29 and 30,
shall be changed, amended, or modified so as to read as follows: "The
registry fee for each imported animal or each animal purchased in the United
States shall be $20.00."

Sixth. That Section 8 of Article IV., page 20, about lines 33 and 34,
shall be altered, amended, or modified so as to read as follows: " No animal
or animals imported or purchased within the United States shall be accepted
for registration until it has been passed by the Inspector."

Seventh. That Section 8 of Article IV., page 20, about line 29, shall
be changed, amended, or modified so as to read as follows: " Or upon the
farm of the importer or purchaser. ' '

Your petitioner further asks that the members of the Association above
named will give this petition their earnest and careful consideration, and
that the said members will take favorable action upon the same as soon as
practicable, inasmuch as your petitioner sincerely believes such action
would prove highly beneficial to the best interests of this Association, of
which your petitioner is a member.

Very truly yours,

G. V. De Graap.

Mr. Singerly moved that the subject be laid upon the table.

Amendment seconded.

Motion to lay upon the table put and carried.

Mb. Powell: I desire to make a motion that all Inspectors hereafter
be allowed $8.00 per day, with no extra fees for traveling nights. I think
the times and the depreciation in the business in which we are all engaged

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 27

are such that all parties would feel that it was proper and right, and I
think there is no Inspector here — I have talked with several — who would
ohject to that change, and I therefore make that motion, that the By-Laws
he amended so that the fees hereafter he $8.00 a day, and nothing for night
travel.

Motion seconded and carried.

Mr. Lightner: I desire to call attention to this: " All applications
for registering animals which are not tiled with the Secretary within one
year," etc., " shall be charged three times the usual registry fee." In two
or three cases with myself I could not tell at the end of the year whether
the animal was a breeder or not. So far as I am concerned, I would like to
have that read something like this: "All applications for registry of
animals which are not tiled with the Secretary, before known as to whether
they were breeders." In two or three cases I have myself written to Mr.
Wales: "Will I have to register within a year?" " Yes, you will have
to register within a year." And I registered; and before the two years
were out I saw that the animal was not a breeder and had to butcher the
animal. Some times, with regard to a bull, we do not know at the end of
the year whether he is worth anything or not; and would it not be better
to have it understood that we have the privilege of holding the registry
until we know whether the heifer or the bull are breeders?

Mr. Lord: I would say, if this motion had been passed some time ago
it would have saved me $40.00, in the case of an imported animal, which
the Board discussed yesterday, and decided it was right for us to pay the
full amount. In this case we had a heifer which we were quite certain was
not a breeder, and we did not register her. Of course it ran over the year,
and she proved finally to be a breeder. If this fee for the animal was
$20.00, $10.00, or something of that kind, I would think it was worth
while to take action of this kind; but while it is only $1.00 it seems to me
it is not risking a great deal to pay the dollar and have it registered within
the year and keep our records straight.

Mr. Wales: I hope the gentlemen will not vote for any such change.
I think it will interfere very seriously with the business of the Association.

The chair put the question, which was declared lost.

Mr. Powell: In reference to Section 10 of Article IV., in regard to
registration and transfer. Has that not already been amended upon motion
of Mr. Yeomans ?

The President: That has already been amended, as the chair under-
stands it, so that the transfer of animals by members is free for the coming
year.

Mr. Lord: I would like to offer an amendment to Section 10 of Ar-
ticle IV., so that it will read: " That a register of transfer of ownership of

28 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

any animal registered in the Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book will be made on
application of the owner on the payment of fees, if there are any, by the
owner; and in case the signature of the owner, or of the person in
whose name the animal now stands, could not be obtained for any rea-
son, from death or any other cause, we will go on, without a lawsuit, or
something of that kind, to obtain this signature from any unfriendliness
that may come up; that upon the affidavit of the present owner of the
animal the Secretary shall be instructed to issue this certificate." Now,
I wish to bring this matter up. We had a heifer which we took back as
payment for stock. We sold it on time, and the person could not meet his
payments, and the heifer came back to us, and this heifer had been pur-
chased from another party by the party who we received her of, and he had
neglected to get a transfer from the first party to him, and when we bought
the heifer he signed a transfer from himself to us. We took no further
trouble about the matter, supposing that the heifer had been transferred
to him. We found, on sending the certificate to the Secretary, that she
never had been transferred from Mr. Leavitt to Mr. Williams. The Board
failed to pass it yesterday for me, and I do not know whether we will ever
get the transfer or not. We are ready to make affidavit that the heifer is in
our possession, and also ready to come and defend this Association from
any damage whatever, if they will transfer it for us; and I want to get it in
such shape that if anything of the kind arises again the present owner of
the animal can make affidavit to his ownership of the animal, setting forth
the causes and reasons why he could not obtain the signature, and then, if
it looks reasonable to the Secretary, that he shall issue this certificate. If
it does not look reasonable to him, and he thinks there is a catch in it in
any way, carry it to the meeting of the Board. If it looks straight to him,
let him issue a certificate of transfer.

Mr. Powell: I would suggest, without making a motion, that the
better way would be for the parties to make their proofs and bring their
case before the Board, and, if necessary, the Board submit it to the meet-
ing. If Mr. Lord had his transfer here I have no doubt we would instruct
the Secretary to give a certificate, but, in the absence of this transfer, it
would be a loose and indefinite method of adjusting the matter.

Me. Wales: This is the first case of the kind that has ever come up.
The probability is there will not be another one in five years. I think we
should do very wrong to make any change in our rules in regard to such
a matter as this. This case came before the Board, and I informed Mr.
Lord that he would be expected to make further endeavors to obtain a
proper application for the transfer of the animal; and told him, in ad-
dition, that it was the sense of the Board that in case he could not, after
using all the means in his power, get the proper papers, that we would con-
sider it further, and probably the matter could be arranged.

The chair put the amendment of Mr. Lord to Section 10 of Article IV.,
which was declared lost.

1887.]" HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 29

The chair stated that the next order of business was in reference to Ar-
ticle V. of the By-Laws.

Mr. Houghton: Mr. President, I regret that the views expressed in
my pamphlet have called forth such excited utterances from the advocates
of the Advanced Eegistry.

I desire to express for my constituents (a large number of breeders in
all parts of the country) our views of the system as we understand it, and
as evidenced by the volume just received from the hands of our enthusi-
astic Superintendent.

I wish to disclaim any intention to bring about any of the untoward
results which have been suggested in the circular replies to my pamphlet.
I desire to act only in the true interests of the Association, and in perfect
harmony with all, if possible.

I will state that no gentleman has sent me a proxy without at the same
time expressing his views on this subject.

With your permission I will read extracts from a few of the letters re-
ceived.

Having presented my views at some length in my pamphlet, I will
confine myself to some points not touched therein.

My sincere belief that a herd-book is simply a register of pure-blooded
animals is the sole incentive for all that I have said and done.

It has been said in reply to my statement in this regard, that such a
system was expressly authorized under these words of the Charter, viz:
" That this corporation is for the purpose of improving Holstein-Friesian
cattle; ascertaining, preserving, and disseminating all useful information
and facts as to their pedigrees and desirable qualities, and the distinguish-
ing characteristics of the best specimens." I would not detract in the
least from the power and meaning of those words ; but I would ask you to
read the following lines of the Charter, viz: " And generally for promoting
and securing the best interests of the importers, breeders, and owners of
said cattle," which is my argument in a nut-shell, viz: That the present
system is not for the best interests, generally, of the owners of these cattle.

It seems to me that the creation of a class within the record can not
fail to discriminate in favor of those having superior advantages in the way
of means and peculiar situations, inasmuch as it forces every owner to
great trouble and expense to place himself upon the level of those who
have cattle recorded in the Advanced Registry.

My most serious objection is the name, "Advanced Eegistry." It im-
plies tacitly a connection with the pedigree registry, and, indeed, when
published, as has been this volume, under the name of a register, and not
as contemplated by the rules, a registry, the public may be easily led to
infer that there is a connection in fact, when it is, or rather should be, a
record of authenticated tests.

We now have the first volume of the record as it is presented to the
public. It contains, in addition to the already published (and seldom be-

30 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

lieved by the public) statements of the owners, that these records have
been made at some distant period, a statement of the measurements and
general description of the animal, and the fact that an Inspector has seen
the animal and believes her capable of having made the record. In what
way does this generally benefit the owners, except as an advertisement ?
It is not an authenticated official test of the animal, such as the rules have
provided for. I do not believe that the Association has any right to
guarantee records made in this manner.

I do not understand that the advocates of this system claim it to be
perfect, and I desire to disclaim any carping criticism on the results of
what must have involved immense labor upon the part of its Superin-
tendent, but I sincerely wish to aid the Association in establishing a system
which shall work practical results without conflict or prejudice to the
interests of any individual.

A few words on the form of the record in Volume I. :

Eule 5 says : "A bull, to be eligible to this registry, must have proven
his superiority by his progeny, of which the examiner must see and ex-
amine at least three animals. ' '

Question. What right has a bull who has no progeny tested, under the
rules, to record in the Advanced Eegister? I find, for instance, an animal
two years and seventeen days old when he was examined and accepted for
record, who could not have had any progeny old enough to be tested (see
No. 30), undoubtedly one of the best bred bulls in the book, but still, to
my mind, ineligible for record, for an examination of his progeny at that
age could not determine his superiority as a sire of dairy stock.

Again, No. 24, two years four months and twenty -eight days old, is open
to the same criticism.

Again, Nos. 21 and 22, also No. 13, No. 10, and No. 2.

A cow, to be eligible, must have born a calf. To carry out the objects
of this system, the superiority of a bull's progeny as dairy cattle cannot be
determined until the progeny have born a calf and been tested.

Rule 6 provides for certain tests of milk or butter in certain specified
periods. I do not find, except in isolated instances, any record of these
tests, but in lieu thereof I find statements of records made, in one case,
five years prior to the establishment of this system (see No. 38, also No. 1,
three years, No. 4, four years).

I also find instances where the examinations were made in December,
1886, where the sole record published was made during 1884-85 (see Nos.
321, 230, and 233), that is to say, these records were made and closed prior
to the establishment of this registry, and not under the supervision of any
Inspector, according to the rules. No. 233 closed her record in 1883.

What authority is there for the publication in this book of records other
than those required by the rules. Rule 8 says that records of milk and
butter productions of any cow may be recorded for each and every form if
the rules of the Association have been complied with in making such records.

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 31

It does not appear that the rules were complied with in the instances
mentioned — Nos. 1, 2, and 38 — for there were no rules at that time.
Such records in this registry are worthless.

Such a record or system should be entirely separate and independent of
the record of purity of blood, and should be called by a name plainly indi-
cating its purpose, as, for instance, test-book, and not one implying a class
of cattle better than another class of the same blood.

I think that a test-book, on the plan of that of the American Jersey
Cattle Club, would be entirely unobjectionable. I have with me a copy of
the forms and rules. I have partially outlined a set of rules which would
seem to me something upon which all might unite:

First. A book should be kept by the Superintendent, to be known as
the Holstein-Friesian Test-Book, in which all tests hereafter made by the
Association shall be entered.

Second. The Superintendent shall be appointed by the Board of Direc-
tors, and shall hold his office during the pleasure of the Board, and receive
such compensation as the Board may decide. He shall have the power,
subject to the approval of the Board, to appoint deputies to assist him.

Third. Any person making application for a test shall bear the travel-
ing expenses of the Superintendent or deputy, which must be fully paid to
the Secretary on the completion of the test, and before the test is entered
in the official test-book. He shall also pay a fee of $3.00 for each animal
tested.

Fourth. Each deputy shall be paid by the Association $5.00 per day
for each day he is necessarily engaged in conducting the test; and under no
circumstances shall any payment or gratuity to the Superintendent or his
deputies be made or permitted from the owner of the animal, or any one
interested in it. Any violation thereof shall invalidate the test.

Fifth. The report of the Superintendent and his deputies shall be re-
tained by the Secretary of the Association as a permanent record, and shall
be published entire in the test-book.

Sixth. The following tests, and these only, shall be fully made: For a
milk or butter record: One test, at not less than thirty days after calving,
of three days ; one test, at not less than eight months after calving, of three
days; and the production in said tests, to entitle the animal to registry,
shall be not less than three-tenths of present standard in the different
forms. In every test a complete statement of the amount and kind of
grain and fodder consumed by the animal during the test shall be kept,
and published in the record.

It has been asked, where would the breed be to-day if it were not for
the records of such and such cows ? I answer, the breed did not reach its
present position under the fostering care of any advanced registry, but
reached its position as the result of individual enterprise and sagacity,
not even a herd-book having been kept until within the last seventeen
years. There need be no fear but that the best animals will receive proper
recognition, and their owners receive money enough for them, without creat-
ing an aristocracy in the Herd-Book.

32 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

I dislike to have my position construed as one in any way opposing im-
provement and progress, and I think that a fair construction of my acts
will show that I am simply opposing discrimination, and advocating equal
rights.

The progress of the introduction of Holstein-Friesian cattle into this
country we know has been far more rapid than that of any other breed in
the same period of time. This we have been told by the very persons who
are advocating the present system, which they openly admit is for the pur-
pose of still faster forcing the merits of these cattle upon the public, and
creating a still greater demand.

I greatly fear that if such should be, and is, the effect of the Advanced
Registry, that this forcing process would result in an unhealthy condition
of things in a short period.

I do not wish to work any hardship on those gentlemen who were in-
duced to form this Association upon belief that this identical system of
Advanced Registry should be maintained as a feature of this Herd-Book,
nor do I wish to be accused of acting in bad faith by those gentlemen. I
think, when you fully understand what I mean, you will be satisfied that I
am acting in harmony with the best interests of all concerned.

Upon the formation of this Association, we simply agreed to provide
for a system of advanced registration. I think no one desired to gain
advantage over another.

If we find to-day, after two years' trial of the system, that it is likely
to, and does, result in giving advantages to a certain class, we are at liberty
to change and modify the rules for the system without incurring the dis-
pleasure of any member or violating any agreement.

If the adoption of this identical system was an error, it should be at
once corrected, so that all shall be treated alike, and this without giving
rise to personal feeling or rupture of harmonious union.

I would therefore move you, Mr. President, that a committee of five be
appointed by the chair to revise Article V. of the By-Laws, and the rules
established under it, with a view to providing a system of milk and butter
tests in a more authentic form than under the present system.

Motion seconded.

Mr. Yeomans: I would move, as a substitute, that this matter be re-
ferred to the Board of Officers. They certainly have more knowledge of
this matter than any committee, and I think they are the proper ones to
take charge of this matter, and I move that this subject be referred to the
Board of Officers. It makes no difference who the individual members of
that Board are.

Mr. Horr: I suppose within two hours, if we have good luck and
all keep our heads, we will have a new Board of Officers, and consequently
it will be referred to the Board of Officers that we are to select. Now,
while lam talking extemporaneously, I would be very much obliged to

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 33

Mr. Houghton if he will refer to the rules and show rne which rule it is
that requires that these tests should be made under the supervision of the
Inspector. I simply speak from memory, and say that there is nothing of
the kind in the rules at all; not only nothing like it in explicit words, but
nothing that squints towards it. The oath of the man who milks the cow,
with the record before him of three years ago, is as good as the oath of the
man who milked the cow six weeks ago; and consequently there is noth-
ing in those rules that contemplated it.

Let us discuss this good-naturedly. A few running comments in my
rough and extemporaneous wajr upon my friend Houghton's argument:
First, he gives us a long chapter of correspondence that he has been having.
I see by that that he has been having some correspondence with the mem-
bers of the Association, and I notice that the attempt was to influence the
vote of the members present by reading from letters, in most cases giving
almost no reason at all, but simply stating that the writer of that letter was
in favor of discarding advanced registration. If the truth was to be
elicited in that way, a great deal of the progress that has made for us the
civilization that we are all so proud of we never would have had. If be-
cause some men think things are right they are right outside of any argu-
ment, why, where would the reformations and advancements of the world
go? Consequently it is a unique method of establishing a position to
simply read some letters from gentlemen who have received a misleading
circular from my friend Houghton — letters written in reply to a mislead-
ing circular, as it seems to me. Again, Mr. Houghton, if I did not mis-
understand him — and if I did he will put me right — started out by saying
that he was opposed to advanced registration. I certainly think the first
two or three paragraphs of his address clearly took the position that he was
opposed to advanced registration. If he is opposed to it, then we should
be cautious in accepting his rules; because if this system is against his
judgment, I do not think he has given to it that kind and candid consider-
ation that would enable him to give to this Association his advice. I am
in favor of advanced registration. About two years ago some of us came
here and met a like number of gentlemen who then belonged to the Dutch-
Friesian Association, and for a whole day we consulted with those gentle-
men with a view to the union of the two associations. From the outset we
were told by those gentlemen that they wanted a system of advanced regis-
tration; that they would not join us unless we would promise to give the
system of advanced registration a fair trial. Throughout that discussion
no gentleman present objected to the words, "Advanced Registration."
When we came to our By-Laws the phraze, "Advanced Registration," was
used. Not one present raised his voice in protest against it. Those gentle-
men came with their small society and joined our large one, with a pledge
on our part that we would give them a system of advanced registration, and
that we would give to it a fair trial. As honorable men, not only the
members of the committee representing the old Holstein Association, but
3

34 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

every one of the members whose accredited representatives we were are
bound by that pledge; a pledge that will not be shrunk from by the gentle-
men in my presence, nor by any considerable number of them. Your
Board got together to carry out the pledge that we had given to them — to
carry out the By-Laws that had put the construction of those rules into
our hands; and what did we do? Did we act hastily? Those present
know we did not. Hours, and hours, and hours, were spent; some gentle-
men who perhaps now sympathize with Mr. Houghton were present and
assisted him. We went home and spent weeks and months in discussing
and writing about these rules, and we came back here again and spent
another day or two in doing nothing but canvass all these rules and regu-
lations. Gentlemen, up to that time — I challenge contradiction — there
had never been a single syllable uttered in our deliberations against the
name that had been used in our old negotiations for the consolidation.
Under that we put these rules into the hands of Mr. Hoxie, who had had
charge of a similar attempt in the old association, and Mr. Houghton says
that we now have two years' experience. I beg his pardon; we have not
had two years' experience. His circular was sent out before you had seen
the first volume. The public had no opportunity of passing j udgment or
turning over in their minds the work before he sent that circular to
them. They never had an opportunity of seeing this work until the circu-
lar had been put in the hands of every member of this Association; and
yet he stands before us and says that after two years' trial it must be pro-
nounced a failure; and that is the sort of backing that Mr. Hoxie, who is
willing to consecrate all the energy and talent that he possesses, is to re-
ceive from the old members of this Association to-day in fulfilment
of our sacred promise. I do not think that will be the result of our de-
liberations to-day. I feel sure it should not. Now let us see whether this
helps or hurts the large breeder and the small breeder. Smiths, Powell &
Lamb have shown themselves tolerably well able to advertise without our
assistance. Go where you will, their herd is known. Take up an agricul-
tural paper, the first thing you see is the nice stories those gentlemen tell.
They do not need us. Every record that is made, which is a creditable one,
by a Holstein cow contributes somewhat to the value of every other Hol-
stein cow in the United States. Just as we are proud, as men, of the
achievements of everyone of our distinguished patriots and soldiers and
statesmen, so Holstein breeders are proud of the achievements of these dis-
tinguished members of the Holstein family. When they have made these
large records, they have made them with a Holstein, not with a Jersey;
they have made them with an animal bred as our cattle were bred; and
when Echo made her celebrated record every man who owned a relative of
her was directly benefitted. Every man owning a Holstein was indirectly
helped. These gentlemen who are doing advertising for themselves are
doing it for me, and they cannot help themselves. When they convince
the world that Holsteiu cattle are superior to other breeds, they have con-
vinced them for my herd as well as ibr their herd; and when, by the col-

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 35

lection of the statistics that we are offering in this advanced registration,
we show that the Jerseys and the Ayershires and the native breeds, and
all others, are far inferior to ours, then we have shown that fact just as
much for the man who has but a single cow of that family as for those
who have many. We have furnished here an opportunity for a man who
owns but three cows to advertise on an equality with Mr. Powell's firm.
They may be able to get up their pictures, and get out grand catalogues,
that a man with ten cattle can not do; but the man with ten can enter
those ten in the advanced registration for $3.00 apiece, and Powell has
also got to pay $3. 00 apiece to get his in ; consequently that man who has
ten can put his in on a ground of perfect equality. Now, I simply say, I
trust that this Association will not put their hands upon this child before it
is fairly a year old; that they will allow it at least room and life and free-
dom, and that they will put it into the hands of its friends and not its
enemies, and that they will let its friends nurse it, and not those who wish
for its destruction, so that it may grow into something that will be helpful.
I own sixty-five head of Holsteins. I never have paid out §25.00 for ad-
vertisements in my life. I am in the same boat with most of the gentle-
men in whose interests Mr. Houghton is making this motion. I believe
advanced registration will help them. I believe it will help you, and
there can not be too many grand records made, whether by men who own
many or few. I would like all the cows to be grand, and I would like to
have their performances collected in this Herd-Book in such shape that we
can present them to the world.

Now, as to these authentications. I would be in favor myself of hav-
ing these records authenticated by an Inspector, if it is practicable. You
cannot get them too strict to suit me, only so that you do not get them so
strict that nobody will make them. Now, you could not have them all
tested on the same day. It would cost you, to get a single cow in, twenty
or thirty or forty dollars in spite of everything, if you had to have a Super-
intendent stand over the milk-pail, etc. It would be impracticable.

Again, judging from fast horses — I never had anything to do with fast
horses myself, but I happened once to ride with a gentleman who is all
horse, and I found there that a horse's position is made almost wholly in
the standard book, what they call their standard stud-book, bjr trotting
records made by dam, or sire, or grand-sire, or grand-dam, or by the ani-
mal himself, or by his progeny. I hope the time will come when we talk
about a bull just as they talk about their Hambletonian and Dictator.
They will say such and such a bull has got so many grand-daughters who
has given so much; and when we will begin to judge of bulls in an intelli-
gent way, copying after the fast horsemen; and I predict to you, if the
advanced registration receives the fostering care that I believe it will at
your hands, it will not be twenty years, nor ten years, before that sort of a
statement will be in all our catalogues and throughout all our newspapers;
and the time will come when the bull that really has rank has it because

36 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

his daughters, or grand-daughters, or great grand-daughters have made
these performances in the milk-pail that correspond with 2:20 and 2:15
upon the trotting-track.

I hope the intelligence and sense of j ustice of this Association will lead
them to adopt this amendment, and send this work where our by-laws
leaves it — with the officers of the Association.

Me. Houghton: Mr. Horr asked me for the rule. I will read Rule I.
(Reads the rule referred to). Those are the words which I referred to.
Now, to take just a moment more of your time, I do not think the argu-
ment is a good one, or strong one. The fact that we did not see at that
time, when we adopted the name of advanced registry, that it would not
work well — the mere fact that we did not discover it at that time is nothing
against us. If we made an error we want to correct it. Mr. Horr has made
a great deal of talk, and I have been very happy to listen to it; but
whether or not it has been to the point is another question. I have not
argued against this advanced registry particularly in itself. I have simply
asked for accurate tests that no one could discredit, and that is what I
want now. I want it amended. I want this child to grow, but I want the
tests to be accurate, so that nobody can discredit them.

Me. W. G. Powell: I will have to differ somewhat with my friend
Mr. Houghton in reference to his position. He did not see fit to send me
one of his circulars. I suppose it was because he thought I would not
appreciate it. He knew what my position was. A friend sent me one,
and, after reading it, somebody asked me what I thought its strongest point
was and my answer was, I thought its strongest point was its weakness.
When he states now that he is not opposed to advanced registry, why has
the whole burden of his argument, not only in the circular, but to-day,
been against advanced registry, as he calls it ? He is opposed to it. He is
opposed to it undoubtedly from the bottom of his heart.

Me. Houghton: That is not very far.

Me. Powell: If he is not opposed to it, why all of this argument
that it is favorable to the large breeder and opposed to the small one?
What different would any other system be ? He gets up, and one part of
his argument is in favor of abolishing it and that it is all wrong, and the
rest is in favor of some other rule; that the rules we have got are all
wrong. After that, he proposed to refer this whole thing to a committee.
My point is that the registry system is not in favor of the large breeder
and against the small one. Only a few years ago the system was made for
the admission of trotting-horses to what is called the standard record. The
main argument against that was that it placed the wealthy breeders, etc.,
in a position to develop their animals, and the small breeders not.

The man is a Tool to-day who will stand up and argue that the standard
regis) rat ion was a detriment to the trotting-horse, or that it was a detri-
ment bo the small breeder, and the same thing is true here. Every man

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 37

who owns a dollar of Hoist ein-Friesian stock is benefitted by every record
that is made, every record that is given the standard, whatever that is,
and the argument that this is against the small breeder is simply, to use
plain language, all bosh. It is not the fact; it is not the case in practice.
A man who holds a single animal has the same opportunity to weigh his
milk as the cow is milked as the man who owns a hundred. There is no
restriction that he shall not weigh it, or that he shall not have somebody
else weigh it. If he does his own milking, he weighs it and gives his oath.
If somebody else does it, that man weighs it and takes his oath to it; and
any argument that this is against any particular breeder, and favorable to
others, simply falls of its own weight. Our Honorable President, I under-
stand, issues a circular. He, like Mr. Houghton, forgot me. I have not
seen it, but I understand that he has issued one. I understand that he is
opposed to advanced registry. I am surprised that a man known and be-
lieved to have the wide-awake business principles that our President has
should take that position. He may have opposition to our rules, but that
does not affect the principle of advanced registry. If our rules are wrong,
amend them; they are subject to amendment. But when we come to the
question of advanced registration, the principle is right. All animals are
not equal. It is desirable to know the valuable ones and those that are
not. It makes no difference whether owned by one man or a firm, or some-
body else. If they are worthy of registration in the advanced registry,
give them a chance. Now, I happen to be interested in some animals that
are in there, and others here are, and if I had not any in, I would want to
get in on as fair a basis as the rest. I would not be fool enough to let the
rest in and not get in myself. I would like, also, to get in the same door
that they got in at.

The President: The question is on the amendment, that this be re-
ferred to the Board of Officers.

Question put, and carried as amended.

Mr. William M. Singerly moved that the matter of the 6th, 7th, 8th, and
9th Articles of the By-Laws be referred to the Board of Officers, the same
as the last.

Motion seconded and carried.

Mr. Houghton asked for the call of the roll.

Me. Stillwell: Mr. Horr says there was nobody who made any ob-
jection to these things a few years ago. He is mistaken. Mr. Horr, nor
any other man, has a right to come here and promise what I shall do. I
never gave him that privilege, and I voted against advanced registry first,
last, and all the time. If you look at the proceedings of the meeting you
will find that I made the remark that there would be another consolidation
inside of three or five years of the Holstein-Friesian Association and the
advanced registry. These things are unfair, and I want to vote, even if I
do not have but one voice.

38 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The Secretary, by direction of the chair, proceeded to a call of the roll.

Mr. Miller: I desire to be excused from voting, and to briefly state
my reasons: I have opposed the name of Advanced Eegistry from the
beginning, and oppose it now, because I consider it a virtual endorsement
of all records of that registry. I think that endorsement should be given
to no record except an official one, and for that reason I favor a full discus-
sion of the question before this meeting — to trying some other means to
come to some understanding of the matter. However, I will withdraw
my request to be excused from voting and vote no.

The Secretary announced as the result of the count that there were 165
ayes and 81 noes.

The chair declared that the vote was in favor of the ayes.

The President: The next thing is Article X. — that there be an Asso-
ciation Inspector in every state.

Mr. Smith: I offer a resolution that the Association advise or recom-
mend the Board of Officers to appoint at least one Inspector in each state,
where it is practicable to do so.

Mr. C. Pratt: I move as a substitute that this be referred to the
Board of Officers.

Mr. Harwood seconded Mr. Smith's motion.

The chairman put the question as amended by Mr. Pratt, which was
declared lost.

The chair put the origiual question, which was carried.

The President: The next call is that the By-Laws be so amended
that at the annual meeting of the Association matters may be acted upon
without previous notice of the same being given.

A motion to lay this matter on the table was seconded and carried.

The President: The next call is that a charter be obtained from the
national government granting the right to hold annual or special meetings
of the Association in any state.

Mr. Langworthy moved that the matter be laid upon the table.

Motion seconded.

Mr. Miller: I trust this motion will be voted down.

Mr. Lanc;\v<>rtmy: I withdraw the motion.

Mr. MILLER: I move that this Association take steps to get a national
charter. 1 t seems to me that the Association can exert a wider-spread in-
fluence among its members, and among cattle men generally, by holding an-
nual meetings occasionally in other states than New York. It causes
members living in the western states a very long journey to attend the

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 39

annual meetings if held here every year. If we hold a majority of the
meetings in this state, where we can accommodate the greater number of
members, it is very proper, but that we should hold a meeting every two
years in Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, or in any of the western states, I think
would be very proper also.

The motion was seconded.

Mr. Neilson asked whether anybody could cite an example of a charter
granted by the general government.

Mr. J. T. Brooks: I was going to suggest that I have very grave
doubts whether it is within the power of the national government to grant
a charter, but still the object desired, I think, can be accomplished.

Mr. Horr: I would suggest that we all constitute ourselves a commit-
tee to see if we can obviate this difficulty. If we can get Mr. Brooks in-
terested in it, it will be queer if he will not find some way out of it, so that
it seems to me we had better postpone it to another year.

The President: In accordance with the instructions of the Associa-
tion a year ago, I went to Albany and staid there several days and tried to
procure an amendment to our present charter, so that we could hold our
annual meetings outside of the limit of New York state. The Governor
and members of both houses, and also the Attorney-General of the state,
decided that we could not, under the constitution of the state, go outside.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I have made some inquiry of those who pretend
to know, and I believe who do know, and among them member's of congress,
and they say we might just as well save our time and expense as to under-
take any such thing. They say. there are associations who would give a
million dollars to get a charter, just such as we ask for, through congress,
authorizing them to do business anywhere throughout the United States,
and that is the reason I second the motion to lay this matter on the table,
because I am satisfied that it would amount to nothing.

About the states; I made the same remarks a year ago, and I make them
again, that there are some states in which the laws require that the maj or-
ity of the directors of any association shall live in those states. The laws
of some of the different states require that. While I am not partial to this
state or any other state, I do think that it is a pretty good thing to let well
enough alone. I am a member of several associations, perhaps a dozen of
them, and I will say that there is more interest manifested in this Associa-
tion than in any one or two or three that I belong to now ; and that even at
Chicago at the time of their annual gathering there, there was no associa-
tion that could show anything of such a nature as this Association brings
here, and I do think it is a good thing to let well enough alone.

Mr. William M. Singerly moved to lay the matter on the table.

Seconded and carried.

40 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The President: The next call is, that under the auspices of the Asso-
ciation a monthly or semi-monthly journal be published in the interests of
the Holstein-Friesian breed.

Me. Dudley Miller: I offered that resolution, and I have a few words
to read on the subject:

"THE HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN JOURNAL."

The thirteenth proposition on the list of subjects to be discussed at the
second annual meeting is, "That under the auspices of the Association a
monthly or semi-monthly journal be published in the interests of the Hol-
stein-Friesian breed." All will admit that a well edited paper is a power.

The tendency of papers at present is toward specialties. An agricul-
tural paper covers so much ground that it is unable to do justice to each
branch. This has caused the publication of "Live-Stock Journals,"
" Breeders' Gazettes," and the like- — all very useful and well in their way.

The field still seems too broad for one paper to do full justice to the
many varieties of live-stock, hence the appearance of journals published in
the interest of the horse, as "The Horseman," cattle, swine, sheep, poultry,
etc., etc.

The desire for more knowledge of particular breeds of cattle, and the
great interest the public takes in them, has prompted the publication of
such papers as "The Jersey Bulletin," which has been substantially sup-
ported by Jersey breeders, and doubtless has accomplished much good for
the breed. Then the "Guernsey Breeder," published in New York, under
the auspices of the Guernsey Breeders' Association.

"The Holstein-Friesian Eegister " appeared about a year since, and
though championing our favorite breed, has not been equal to representing
it as well as could be desired, perhaps owing to the neglect of its managing
editor in not devoting to it the requisite time, owing to his law business,
stock-farm, and large interests in real estate.

That there is ample field for a paper published in the interests of the
breed seems evident. There is much of value relating to our breed ap-
pearing in journals throughout this country and in the European press.
During the past year I have obtained much valuable information regarding
the breed from Scotland, England, Germany, Holland, and France, whence
I receive newspapers.

No breeder of Holsteins would probably want to go to the expense of
taking from fifty to one hundred papers to acquaint himself with all the
useful information appearing in them regarding the breed, and if un-
familiar with German, Dutch, and French, could not readily obtain it if he
desired to. From the concentration of the best matter relating to
Holsteins which appears in the American and European press, and the co-
operation of our most intelligent breeder's in the way of letters, records,
and advertisements, a valuable paper might be published if conducted by
a careful, energetic editor.

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 41

MR. Stilkwell: I move that the matter be laid on the table.

Motion seconded.

Upon the motion being put the chair declared itself in doubt as to the
result.

A rising vote was taken, which resulted in 17 in favor and 11 opposed.

The chair declared the motion carried.

The President: The next call is that appropriations be made for
special premiums and other purposes.

Mr. Stillwell moved that the matter be laid on the table.

Seconded.

The question to lay on the table was put and lost.

Mr. E. Pratt: I move to give that to the Board, with power.

Seconded.

Mr. Miller: I wish to state to the Association that there is a fair to
be held in New York City, in May, in which the dairy breeds only are to
be represented individually and by their products. Liberal premiums are
offered for Jerseys, Guernseys, Holsteins, and Ayrshires by those who are
interested in getting up the fair in New York. The fair is to be held in
Madison Square Garden, and it is the intention of the management to call
out the very best representatives of each of the different breeds. We have
offered, in addition to individual prizes, two sweepstakes prizes of $150.00
each, one for the cow giving the largest yield of milk in one dav during the
exhibition; the other for the cow giving the largest yield of butter during
one day of the exhibition. It seems to me that those sweepstakes prizes are
of great value to us as breeders of Holstein cattle. If a Holstein cow should
be successful in winning each of those sweepstakes prizes it would be worth
a great deal to the interests of all who are breeding Holstein cattle. I am
in favor of this Association making an appropriation to be offered for Hol-
steins securing those prizes. For that purpose, I would move that we au-
thorize the Board of Officers, in their discretion, to appropriate moneys of
this Association to be used in giving premiums to successful Holsteins at
this fair, not to exceed $500.00.

Motion seconded.

Mr. Wales: Mr. President, I approve heartily of what Mr. Miller
says, and think we ought to do something in this way. We have hereto-
fore, and I think it has been a very great benefit to us. I would go further
than Mr. Miller proposes, and offer to duplicate premiums which are
awarded to our cattle at state fairs and such shows as Mr. Miller describes,
when our cattle come in competition with cattle of other breeds. I think
we can get no better reputation for our cattle than when we win these large

42 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

premiums in competition with Jerseys, Ayrshires, Guernseys, and Devons.
We can almost always do it. It seems to me that the little money we have
spent in this way has done, in the past, a great deal of good, and I think
it can in the future.

Me. A. P. Wright: How would it do to award a certain sum to each
exhibitor ? If we could get twenty gentlemen here who would subscribe
$25.00 each — that would be $500.00 — that would help pay the expenses
of the gentlemen who exhibited their cattle, and then let the winner take
the money. Nobody would take their cattle there to get the $25.00, because
it would cost them a great deal of money, but that would be a great help
toward the expenses. I only make the suggestion.

Me. E. A. Powell: It seems to me that the opportunity that is now
offered for this breed of cattle to make a good showing before the public at
New York is greater than almost any similar opportunity that has ever been
offered, and it is directly where our breed of cattle ought to be at the front,
and I believe in giving all necessary encouragement, and heartily approve
of Mr. Miller's motion to put this matter in the hands of the Board of
Officers, and they can decide in just what way it is best to offer it, and
whether $500.00 is the proper amount, or whether it ought to be increased.
Perhaps, if Mr. Miller has looked at the matter, the sum named is sufficient.

Me. W. G. Powell: If I understand Mr. Miller's motion, it is for an
appropriation for a specific purpose for this one show. Am I right?

Me. Millee: You are right; for this particular dairy show.

An amendment was offered making the limit not to exceed $1,000.00, to
be distributed at the discretion of the Board of Officers.

The motion as amended was put and carried.

Me. Powell: It occurs to me, that between now and the next annual
meeting there will be several fairs at which it will be very important that
we should have fine exhibitions, and among them the fat stock show at
Chicago, and, providing the trouble about disease should get away from
there, we ought to make a fine show, and I move you that the Board be
authorized, at their discretion, to use an amount not to exceed $2,000.00 at
the various fairs between now and the next annual meeting, aside from this
present appropriation. It does not instruct them to use it, but to use it at
their discretion.

Me. Smith: Will that be a sufficient sum to duplicate the premiums ?

Me. Wales : It is entirely sufficient in my opinion.

ME. STILLWELL: 1 do not think that would come anywhere near to it,
and I would be in favor of doubling it, and if I could get a second to the
amendment, I would make the amendment.

Amendment seconded.

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 43

Mr. W. G. Powell: I have no idea that the Board of Officers will
use any more than is actually necessary, and at a very few of the leading
fairs. If we make an exhibit, we want to do it creditably. At the fair in
New York, I have no doubt it will be necessary to use not more than
$500.00, but I merely suggest this so that the Board of Officers can, in
emergency, use it.

The chair put the question as amended by Mr. Stillwell, making the
limit $4,000.00.

Question as amended put and lost.

The original question, making the limit $2,000.00, was put and carried.

Mr. Huidekoper moved that the meeting proceed to the election of
officers.

Mr. Yeomans: For the sake of facilitating the business, I move you
that an opportunity be given to name candidates, and in case where there
is but one candidate named for a given office, that the President be directed
to cast the ballot of the Association for that officer. If there are more than
one candidate named for any given office, of course a vote will become
necessary.

Motion seconded and carried.

Mr. Powell: I suppose the first officer to be elected will be the Presi-
dent for the next year. I wish to say that about ten years ago, or nearly
that, when we were a small society and met at Syracuse, we were very glad
to see any stranger from outside come in to help us. About that time a
gentleman came who was almost an entire stranger to us here — I think,
knowing only one person at that meeting. He came with a very pleasant
face, and a manner that soon won our hearts, and we were always glad to
see him come. From that time to this, whether stormy weather or fair, he
has always been with us. We have always been glad to greet him. He
came from a little town down in the Key-Stone State, I believe called the
City of Brotherly Love. He has brought that brotherly love with him, and
whenever there has been anything exciting, or a difference of opinion where
we could not agree, he has always been ready to pour the oil of reconcilia-
tion upon the troubled waters. We have occasionally called him to the chair,
and he has presided so handsomely that we have often taken occasion to
call him to that post. This gentleman is not a breeder in the ordinary
sense of breeding stock to sell, but generally he has taken this same interest
with us. I feel great pleasure in nominating him as our next President,
and I believe that every person here will heartily endorse that nomination.
Perhaps it is not necessary to say that I refer to William M. Singerly,
of Philadelphia.

There being no further nominations for the office of President, the chair-
man cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Singerly for that office.

44 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The President: I take great pleasure in being able to cast the vote
for a gentleman whom I have known so many years, and who has always
been with us, and acted for our very best interests.

Mr. Isaac C. Otis presented the name of Gerrit S. Miller for First Vice-
President.

There being no further nominations for the office of First Vice-President,
the chairman cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Miller for that office.

Mr. Boardman presented the name of M. L. Sweet, of Grand Rapids,
Mich., for Second Vice-President.

There being no further nominations for the office of Second Vice-Presi-
dent, the chairman cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Sweet for
that office.

Mr. H. Langworthy presented the name of W. G. Powell, of Pennsyl-
vania, for Third Vice-President.

There being no further nominations for the office of Third Vice-Presi-
dent, the chairman cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Powell for
that office.

Mr. Horr nominated Mr. W. M. Liggett, of Benson, Minn., for the office
of Fourth Vice-President.

There being no further nominations for the office of Fourth Vice-Presi-
dent, the chairman cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Liggett for
that office.

Mr. Yeomans nominated Mr. William Brown Smith, of Syracuse, N. Y.,
for Treasurer.

There being no further nominations for the office of Treasurer, the chair-
man cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Smith for that office.

Mr. William M. Singerly nominated Mr. C. W. Horr, of Ohio, for Direc-
tor of this Association, to hold office for two years, in the place of Gerrit
S. Miller.

There being no further nominations for this office, the chairman cast
the ballot of the Association for Mr. Horr for that office.

Mr. C. F. Sweezey presented the name of C. R. Payne, of Hamilton, N.
Y., for the office of Director, in the place of C. W. Horr.

Mr. Stillwell nominated Mr. Dexter Severy, of Illinois, for the same
office.

There being two candidates placed in nomination, the ballot was taken,
Mr. Otis acting as teller.

The President announced as the result of the vote, that the total number
of votes was 236, of which Mr. C. R. Payne received 149 and Mr. Dexter
Severy 87.

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 45

Mr. Hoxie nominated Mr. David H. Burrell for the office of Director.

Mr. Honghton nominated Mr. C. J. Lord for the same office.

A ballot was taken, which resulted in the election of Mr. Burrell by a
vote of 158 to 86.

Mb. Huidekoper: I take pleasure in nominating for the office of Sec-
retary, Mr. Thomas B. Wales, Jr.

There being no further nominations for the office of Secretary, the chair-
man cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Thomas B. Wales, Jr., for
that office.

Mr. Horr nominated Mr. S. Hoxie for the office of Superintendent of
Advanced Registry.

There being no further nominations for the office of Superintendent of
Advanced Registry, the chairman cast the ballot of the Association for Mr.
Hoxie for that office.

Mr. W. J. Smith: I had hoped that we might have a representative in
the Board from a section of the country that is very much interested, and
that ought to be represented, which I believe never has been, and that is the
line below the Ohio river. Particularly in Tennessee there is a section con-
taining a large number of very fine Holstein-Friesian cattle, and at the same
time some of the best Jersey cattle in the country. They are running a
strong opposition, and I am so anxious that that part of the country should
be represented, and properly, and knowing as I do a gentleman of ability,
integrity, and sterling worth, who can properly represent that section,
and inasmuch as another member of my family has been favored with a
position — it seems to me that one in a family is enough — I therefore beg
leave to resign my position as one of the Directors of the Holstein-Friesian
Association; and I would say, by way of explanation, that I desire to have
the privilege, if this resignation is accepted, of offering the name of the
gentleman to whom I have referred for this place.

Mr. Horr moved that the resignation of Mr. W. Judson Smith as a mem-
ber of the Board be accepted.

Motion seconded and carried.

Mr. Smith: It gives me great pleasure to place in nomination Mr.
Eugene Smith, of Nashville, Tennessee. I move his election. I would say
that the family of Smith is pretty extensive. I suppose we are connected
through Adam, but I do not know of any closer relationship between Mr.
Eugene Smith and me.

There being no further nominations for the office of Director, the chair-
man cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Eugene Smith for that office.

46 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Horr moved that the meeting extend a hearty and cordial vote of
thanks to President Stevens for the excellent manner in which he has pre-
sided over the meeting, with the same thanks to the other officers.

Seconded and carried.

Mr. Powell moved that when this meeting adjourns, it shall adjourn to
meet at this place.

Seconded and carried.

Upon motion the meeting adjourned.

MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS

HOLSTEIN-PRIESIAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

Held at the Genesee Hotel, Buffalo, N. Y.,
March 15th, 1887.

The meeting was called to order by President F. C. Stevens.

Upon roll call there were found to be present the following officers: G.
D. Wheeler, First Vice-President; M. L Sweet, Third Vice-President; D.
H. Burrell, Fourth Vice-President; Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Secretary; W. C.
Brayton, Treasurer; S. Hoxie, Superintendent of Advanced Registry; and
the following directors: Gerrit S. Miller, C. R. Payne, W. J. Smith, F. L.
Houghton, E. Huidekoper.

Upon motion, the reading of the minutes of the previous meeting was
dispensed with.

The next order of business being the election of members, the following
names were presented, and the gentlemen elected members of the Associa-
tion:

Mons Anderson, LaCrosse, Wis.

N. F. Sholes, Earlville, N. Y.

George C. Fisk, Springfield, Mass.

I. C. Wade, Jamestown, D. T.

Charles Siedler, Jersey City, N. J.

Willard White, Boston, Mass.

John R. McPherson, Belle Mead, N. J.

Charles A. Brown, Portland, Maine.

Jere Baxter, Nashville, Tenn.

W. T. Radford, Pembroke, Ky.

Joseph A. Frye, Marlboro, Mass.

Mr. Miller: I move that the question as to the admission of Mr.
Henry Klepinger as a member of this Association be referred to a com-
mittee of two, Mr. Wales and Mr. Smith, and if, upon making proper in-
quiry, they are satisfied that he is an American citizen, and will make a
desirable member, that he be admitted.

The Secretary read a communication from Mr. James B. Wilson in ref-
erence to the transfer of twenty-six cattle.

48 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Smith: I would say that Mr. Wilson wrote me on that subject
about a year ago, I being personally acquainted with him, and wrote him
then, as I have since, that from the appearance of things I should judge
that he had a just claim, but it was a question in my mind — which is not
settled yet — as to just how much his claim is. I presume the transfer
of those twenty -six animals would be fair, but the question in my mind
is just what benefit he has already had from his membership. I think
there is a credit and debit side to the account, which, perhaps, may already
be balanced. I would inquire of Mr. Wales in reference to it.

Me. Wales: I cannot say now, but my impression is that he has re-
ceived some benefit from his membership.

Me. Smith: I move that the Secretary be instructed to transfer twenty-
six head of cattle from J. B. Wilson & Son to J. B. Wilson without
charge.

Motion seconded and carried.

The Secretary read a communication from Messrs. B. B. Lord & Son,
asking that the registration fee on an imported heifer, after one year from
date of importation, be made $20.00 instead of $60.00, as called for under
the By-Laws.

Me. Smith : Mr. Lord asked me to request the privilege of being heard
whenever this question came up, and I told him I would advise him.

Upon motion it was determined to admit Mr. Lord to a hearing.

The President: Mr. Lord is with us, and desires to be heard.

Me. Loed: Mr. President, and Gentlemen: My father and myself
owned a heifer which we supposed was a barren heifer. The year ran past
and some time over, and she proved to be in calf, and dropped a calf, and
as soon as she did so I wanted to get her registered. I sent to Mr. Wales,
and he issued a certificate, saying that he would charge us $60.00 upon the
books, and if the Association saw fit to register her at the old fee, that
would be all there was of it.

In reference to the other matter: We have sold some cattle to Mr. Will-
iams, of Picton, Ontario. We have had a great deal of dealings with him
one way and another. We had a bill of sale for the cattle which we had
sold him, and we found it necessary to have him turn those cattle over to us
again. We went to him and told him that we felt we were unsafe; we
wanted it straightened up, and he sold us the cattle back again with the
increase, with several animals, and in the lot was a heifer which he had
evidently bought from Mr. Leavitt, of Picton. As I understand the matter,
Mr. Williams sold Mr. Leavitt some stock; Mr. Leavitt gave him a note in
payment for the stock, but the understanding was that he was to pay up
this stock in calves at a stated price; I don't know what the price was, but
he was to pay him back year after year until this original stock was paid for

1887.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 49

in calves, and this heifer was one of that lot. Mr. Williams evidently has
neglected to get a transfer from Mr. Leavitt. Mr. Williams signed a trans-
fer from him to us, and Avhen we came to send the transfer to Mr. Wales we
found she had never been transferred from Mr. Leavitt to Mr. Williams.
We have never had occasion to be in Ficton since. If we were there, prob-
ably it could be arranged, but I can't get a word out of either one of them.
Mr. Williams has failed, financially. He is not worth, probably, a dollar
in the world, and has compelled Mr. Leavitt, I understand, to pay the cash
for the balance of the cattle, and it has created an unfriendly feeling, so
that we cannot get anything out of either of them. We cannot get a sig-
nature for this transfer. We would like to get it transferred in some way.

Mr. Wales: Have you got anything to show that this heifer went
from one party to the other properly ?

Mr. Lord: We have not a thing. All we have got is the heifer, and we
feel that she came into our hands legally. I have got the certificate of reg-
istry in my pocket. We have nothing to show, one way or the other, and
we cannot get a word out of them by mail. This heifer is recorded as
owned by J. B. Leavitt, of Picton, Ontario. If the Association does not see
fit to grant me a transfer, I shall have to go over there, probably. My re-
quest is to get the transfer worked through in some way. I will make
affidavit, if necessary, that the heifer is in our possession, and has come
into our possession legally, so far as that is concerned. I would like to get
the transfer.

Upon motion, it was decided to sustain the ruling of Mr. Wales, and re-
fuse the request of Mr. Lord.

The President read a communication from Prof. J. W. Sanborn, of the
Missouri Agricultural College, and the Secretary read the correspondence
in reference thereto.

Mr. Miller: I move that the Board recommend at the annual meeting
to-morrow that the Association furnish the required number of calves to
Prof. J. W. Sanborn.

Seconded and carried.

The next question in order being the appropriation of $100.00 awarded
for a prize essay, Mr. Huidekoper moved that the Secretary be instructed
to draw an order upon the funds of the Association for $100.00 for that pur-
pose.

Seconded and carried.

The President stated that the next question was in reference to co-
operation with the American Jersey Cattle Club in matters of legislation in
relation to those convicted of recording animals fraudulently.

Mr. Burrell: I move that the Secretary be requested to draft a reso-
lution covering the question, which shall be submitted to the annual meet-
4

50 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

ing to-morrow, recommending its passage, and that the Secretary shall
thereupon send the result of this vote to the Legislature, couched in such
language as he may deem proper.

Motion seconded and carried.

The Secretary referred to the matter of the contribution to the fund of
the Consolidated Cattle-Growers' Association for the payment of $250.00,
and stated that this Association was asked to contribute $250.00 as its
portion. The Secretary read the correspondence in reference thereto.

Mr. Burrell: I move that Mr. Houghton be appointed a committee
to present to the meeting to-morrow the question of the assessment made
by the National Cattle-Growers' Association, for them to take such action
as they deem proper.

Motion seconded and carried.

The Secretary put before the meeting the question of registering a calf
without horns.

Mr. Smith moved that Mr. Wales be instructed to register the calf
when application is made, if there is no disqualification.

Seconded and carried by a vote of 5 to 4.

Mr. Wales: I desire to ask what sum it is proper to charge for the
transfer registry of an animal on an application signed by a member of the
Association in favor of a non-member, said application being presented by
the purchaser, a non-member. As an illustration: Mr. Miller sells an
animal to some person who is not a member of the Association, and sends
him the application for transfer; this gentleman, knowing that Mr. Miller
is a member of the Association, sends 50 cents, instead of $1.00. I write
him, our charge against you is $1.00. He says it is all the same thing;
send me back the application and I will send it to Mr. Miller, Mr. Miller
will send it to you.

The opinion of the Board was that the transfer fee in such cases should
be that charged to non-members.

The Secretary read a communication from G. W. Thompson, on which
no action was taken.

Mr. Burrell: I move we now adjourn.

The President: The motion is that this meeting now adjourn, sub-
ject to the call of the President.

The motion, as put by the President, was carried, and the meeting
was declared adjourned.

ADJOURNED MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS.

Held at Noon, Wednesday, March 16th, 1887.

President Stevens called the meeting to order.

Mr. Horr moved that the Secretary's salary for the year be the same as
it was last year, viz : $2,500.00.

Motion seconded and carried.

Mr. Horr moved that the Treasurer's salary be the same as for the past
year, viz.: $250.00.

Mr. Smith offered as an amendment that the office of the Treasurer be
a non-salaried office.

Amendment seconded by Mr. Payne.

Mr. Horr stated that he did not accept the amendment.

ME. Burrell: I do not think it is best to pass that resolution. I
think it is best for the Association to have control of its own funds; that the
funds be deposited in such bank as the Association deem proper, in the
name of the Association. If all that is done, I should think that there
ought to be a salary attached to the office.

The chair put the question on the amendment, which was lost by a vote
of 12 to 2.

The chair declared the amendment lost.

The chair put the original question, which was carried.

Mr. Singerly moved that the annual salary of tbe Superintendent of
Advanced Registry be $1,000.00.

Seconded by Mr. Sweet, and carried.

The application of Mr. E. P. Beauchamp was presented for membership.

Mr. Horr moved that the application of Mr. Beauchamp, of Terre
Haute, Indiana, be accepted.

Seconded.

Mr. Houghton recommended Mr. Beauchamp for membership.

Upon motion, Mr. Beauchamp's application was accepted.

Mr. Smith stated that he recommended the application of Mr. Henry
Klepinger, whose name was presented at the meeting yesterday, for mem-
bership.

The meeting, upon motion, accepted the membership of Mr. Klepinger.

Upon motion, the meeting adjourned.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS.

March 16th, 1887.

President Singerly called the meeting to order at 7:30 p. M.

Upon roll call it was found that all the members but one were present.

The Secretary stated that Dr. Nelson B. Gregory, of Unadilla, New
York, was an applicant for membership; he was recommended by Mr.
Miller.

Mr. Smith moved that he be received as a member.

Seconded and carried.

The name of M. B. Shallcross, of Louisville, Ky., was presented for
membership by Mr. Wales.

Mr. Shallcross was admitted to membership.

Mr. Miller: Mr. President, at the dairy fair to be held in New York
there are several prizes offered for butter in packages of different sizes. I
would propose that we use a portion of the money to be appropriated in pre-
miums at that show iu duplicating any premium that the society offers for
butter, in case it be won by Holstein butter. There are two sweepstakes pre-
miums offered of $150.00 each, for the milch-cow giving the largest amount
of milk during one day of the exhibition, and the cow giving the greatest
quantity of butter during one day. I Avould propose to duplicate those
premiums, in case a Holstein cow is the winner. This fair comes on the
10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th of May. I propose duplicating the $150.00
prizes.

Motion seconded by Mr. Burrell.

Carried.

Mr. Miller: Now, I move, in regard to premiums offered for butter,
that we duplicate any premium that is won by Holstein stock at that ex-
hibition.

W. G. Powell : Are they all first-class prizes ?

Mr. Miller: Some of them are second.

W. G. Powell: If Holstein butter should take the second prize, then
what ?

Mr. Miller: Duplicate the prize, that is all.

The motion made by Mr. Miller was seconded and carried.

54 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Miller: Then there are prizes offered for Holsteins as a class by
themselves. A prize of $250.00 is offered for a herd. I would not propose
adding anything to that. A prize for a bull, of any age, willi four of his pro-
geny, females. I would leave that just as it is. But when we come to the
individual prizes — there is one lor a bull two years old — §100.00, $50.00, and
§25.00; first, second, and third; and for a cow, a two-year-old, a yearling,
and a calf. I would propose to add to each one of those premiums the
amount of the first prize; add to each class the amount of the first prize.

Mr. Sweet seconded the motion.

The President: The question before us is that the amount of the
first prize be added to the classes and be divided pro rata among any
premiums distributed at this fair.

Mr. Miller: We will restrict that, from prize number 21 to 27 in-
clusive. That shuts out the herd prize and the bull.

The President: Classes from number 21 to 27.

Question put as stated, and carried.

Mr. Wales moved that the butter premiums offered at the different
state fairs he duplicated by this Association for the butter produced by
Holstein-Friesian cattle.

Seconded by Mr. Hoxie.

Mr. W. G. Powell: Does that include all the states in the Union ?

Mr. Wales: Wherever they offer prizes for butter.

Mr. Huidekopee : I offer as an amendment, that it be referred to a com-
mittee to offer those premiums — the President, the Secretary, and Mr.
Miller.

Mr. Smith: Is it not possihle for Mr. Wales and some of these other gen-
tlemen to designate a certain number of states in which they will exhibit
butter, and define now and here just where they will exhibit? I suggest
that you select your states and decide how much you will appropriate in
each state.

Mil Miller: I move that we authorize the President and Secretary to
offer premiums at state fairs, using their own discretion as to which, dupli-
cating their butter premiums in every case where that premium is won by
Holstein butter in competition.

Mr. Hour : I offer as a resolution, that the President and the Secretary
of this society, on consultation with members of the Board in the various
states where they propose to oiler premiums, may offer not to exceed $300.00,
to be divided according to their judgments. That in the states where there
is no member of the Board, that the Secretary and I 'resident be authorized
to use their discretion .

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 55

Me. Wales: Do I understand that that covers cattle and butter and
cheese ?

Me. Hobe: Yes, cattle and butter; the Holstein interest. If you went
into some state where there was no member, the President and Secretary
would be authorized to take care of it. That puts it wholly into your
hands.

Me. Htjidekopee : Mr. Horr stipulates the sum of §300.00. That will
only go to six states. I would suggest that that figure be put two or three
hundred.

Me. Hoke: It is from one cent to three hundred now; it says "not
exceeding" that.

The Peesipent: The proposition of Mr. Hon- is that the amount of
premiums shall not exceed $300.00 to be appropriated to any one state by
the President and Secretary, on consultation with the resident member of
that state.

Question put and carried.

Me. Hoek: I move that the President and Secretary and Mr. Miller be
authorized to offer any amount they like, not exceeding $600.00. for every-
thing in the Holstein interest at the Chicago fat stock show. Of course we
have got to keep within $2,000.00 in all of these matters.

The President put Mr. Horr's proposition, which was carried.

Mr. Wales presented the matter of furnishing ten calves to the Missouri
Agricultural College.

Mr. Burrell moved that the President be authorized to appoint a com-
mittee to examine Holstein calves for the purpose of securing fine specimens
to be sent to the Missouri Agricultural College for experimental feeding.

Motion seconded.

Me. Payne. I move that this matter be put into the hands of Secre-
tary Wales, and that he be authorized to spend any sum that he likes, not
to exceed $500.00, to furnish the Missouri State Agricultural Society with
ten calves for the purpose of feeding.

Seconded and carried.

It was moved and seconded that an amount not exceeding $1,000.00 be
appropriated, under the direction of Mr. Wales and Mr. Liggett, to send
ten calves to the Missouri Agricultural College for the purpose of feeding.

After considerable discussion, the question being put, was lost.

The chair stated that the next thing in order was the appointment of
Inspectors.

56 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

It was decided that Inspectors, in order to hold over, should be re-elected
at this meeting.

A motiou to re-elect F. W. Patterson was lost.

The following Inspectors were chosen: O. P. Chapman, of Wellington,
Ohio; Isaac C. Otis, of Jordan, N. Y. ; S. Burchard, of Hamilton, N. Y. ; S.
N. Wright, of South Elgin, 111. : Jere Allis, of Isinours, Minn. ; J. N.
Muncey, of Jessnp, Iowa; J. L. Stone, of Waverly, Penn.; A. R. Sturte-
vant, of Springboro, Penn.; Carey R. Smith, of Santa Ana, Cal. ; J. C. Poor,
of North Andover, Mass.; H. D. Warner, of New Milford, Conn.

Upon motion, it was decided that the appointment of Inspector for
Tennessee be left to Mr. Eugene Smith, member of the Board in Tennessee,
and Mr. Hoxie; also that the appointment of Inspector for Michigan be left
to Mr. Sweet and Mr. Hoxie.*

The election of Inspectors was declared closed.

Mr. Hoxie moved that the advanced registration fee be $2.00, instead of
§3.00.

Seconded and carried.

Mr. Hoxie: I desire to take advice of the Board in this matter. My
original plan in this work was to obtain an authenticated record, even of
dead cows, in order to preserve them. I was advised by the friends of the
Advanced Registry that it would not answer; there were a good many au-
thenticated records of dead cows sent to me, and 1 had to reject them; not
that they be recorded, but there must be some place where the records may
be preserved.

Mr. W. G. Powell moved that the Superintendent of advanced registra-
tion be authorized to receive and accept authenticated records of deceased
cows, to be catalogued in his book of Advanced Registry.

Seconded and carried.

Me. Hoxie: Now, the rules provide for a re-entry. Suppose a cow
has made fifteen pounds of butter. Suppose the coming year we have an
authenticated record for twenty pounds. They would be glad to have the
record appear. Now, I want you to fix the fee for that single record. It
is a re-entry of the record; not of the animal itself.

Me. W. G. Powell: I move that the fee be fifty cents.

Seconded and carried.

The matter of the Treasurer's bond and of the investment of the funds
of the Association was considered, and the following gentlemen were ap-
pointed a committee to attend to the matter: Gen-it S Miller, D. H. Bur-
rell, L. T. Yeomans.

Upon motion, the meeting adjourned.

* Mr. W. A. Rowley, of Mt. Clemen*, Mich., has been made Inspector for that State.

PRIZE ESSAY.

By T. M. KOLDYK, Weidum, Friesland.

' ' Breeding of Holstein-Friesian Cattle, the Selection of Sires, and their care
during the Season of Service, to the end that they Transmit to their Offspring
Health, Strength, and Superior Milking and other desirable qualities. Also
suggestions on the care and feeding of calves.' "

ORIGIN OF THE HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE.

The Holstein-Friesians, as they are now called, originated in the low-
lands of Holland, in what at present are the provinces of Friesland and
North Holland. They most probably descend from the "Auerochs," the
wild cattle once native in Northern Europe. The Friesians, a German
tribe, who settled Holland about 2,000 years ago, owned large herds of these
cattle, which grazed the abundant pastures in the lowlands during sum-
mer; in winter, when these pastures were flooded, the cattle and their
owners retired to the higher woodlands. When the country became more
settled, other tribes took possession of those higher lands, leaving the low-
lands for the Friesians and their cattle. Then necessity compelled the
Friesians to accomplish a work which is admired even by the present gen-
eration, and shows what can be done by constancy and unity. With their
primitive tools and implements they succeeded in throwing up hills, some-
time a mile in circumference, high enough to offer a safe retreat from the
water.

On these hills {terpen) they built their villages and wintered their
stock. As little else could be obtained, the Friesians were compelled
to gather hay for their cattle in summer to feed during winter, and thus we
find in the beginning of the Christian era, in the lowlands of Holland, cat-
tle sheltered and fed. This extra care during winter and the abundant
pasturage during summer had a favorable effect upon the cattle, and they
soon excelled the cattle of the surrounding countries in size and shape.

When Northern Europe emerged from barbarism, Holland became fam-
ous for its cattle and dairy products, for, though civilization gave Holland
windmills and dykes, and thus kept the water within its boundaries, the
country remained a low country — too low and wet to be of much value for
agricultural purposes.

Step by step the black and white cattle advanced, until they reached
the high point of excellence at which they now stand. But it must be ad-
mitted their success is due more to centuries of care and unusually favor-

58 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

able circumstances for their development than to scientific breeding. The
majority of the breeders of Dutch cattle in their native country have but
little idea, even at the present day, of the most simple principles of breed-
ing. But for centuries they kept the best cattle for themselves, simply be-
cause they knew that these paid the best; and they kept the bulls of their
best cows simply because they knew, as a rule, these made the best bulls.
And with these limited ideas of breeding they succeeded in producing
some of the best cows yet known. Nothing shows better the possibilities
of the breed, and American breeders having, as a rule, a better knowledge
of the art of breeding than their Dutch predecessors, and having herd-
books to guide them, will doubtless succeed in producing a race of cattle
as far above the present Holstein-Friesian as these are superior to the native
or "scrub" cattle of the United States. To accomplish this, however,
will require close study and untiring labor for generations to come.

SELECTING THE HERD.

" A good beginning is half the work." This is as true in breeding cat-
tle as in anything else. To begin with, one should have a distinct idea of
the animal he wants to breed, and have a definite object in view; this ob-
ject should always be kept in mind when selecting the foundation of a
herd. By doing so, and never purchasing animals, however excellent, that
are not of the tj'pe desired, breeding will be greatly simplified and success
is more sure to follow. It is much easier to find a bull to head the herd if
the cows are uniform in type; and this alone would render uniformity in
the most important points desirable; besides, the fact remains that the
nearer the foundation stock is to your "beau ideal," the less faults will
there be to overcome.

But there are several other things equal in importance to uniformity,
and never to be lost sight of when selecting a herd; and first of all, to
secure such animals only as are healthy and vigorous themselves and have
sprung from healthy stock. To ascertain the last may be exceedingly
troublesome, but it is worth the while to have as much light thrown upon
it as possible. Little profit and pleasure can be expected from unhealthy
stock, even if they are of high merit and can be secured at small expense.

Since Holstein-Friesians are a dairy cattle, the next thing to ascertain is
what the cow has done at the pail and churn ; in fact, as much about her
value as a dairy cow as is possible to be learned should be known. When
her individual value as a dairy cow has been proven, the next thing to be
ascertained is, who and what were her ancestors, and, if there be any, who
and what are her near relatives. If the animal is young and has not yet
been able to give any account of herself, this is of the more importance, for
although milk and butter indications may be seen on a young heifer, they
are not so much to be relied upon as in matured cows, since further develop-
ments may work radical changes. But for all that, these milk and butter
signs should not be neglected, even if the animal has shown herself to be

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 59

a superior dairy cow. The cow that shows the best milk and butter indica-
tions, viz: wedge shape, fine hair and hide, yellow skin, etc., is preferable
to the cow that shows only little of them. Although their value for the
dairy may be the same, the former is more likely to transmit the dairy
qualities to her offspring than the latter.

The perfect dairy cow and the perfect beef cow cannot be combined in
the same animal, since the highest development for producing milk and
butter is antagonistic to the highest development for producing beef.

But some of the best breeders of Holstein-Friesians maintain that a
great capability for producing milk and butter does not necessarily shut out
all possibilities for producing fair beef, and some of their cows are living
proofs of the truth of that assertion. And there is no reason why this
should not be possible. Dairy cattle have many points in common with
beef cattle. The successful beef cow, as well as the successful dairy cow,
has to be a healthy, strong cow, with great digestive and assimilative
powers; in both, fine bones, fine skin, and good handling are desirable
points. But in the dairy cow the posterior part of the body will always
be the larger, on account of the larger digestive and milk-secreting organs.
This prevents her from being the most profitable butchers' beast, but does
not prove that she can not be turned into profitable beef when necessary.
For though she be lacking in chest and shoulders, with broad and level
hips, broad back, well developed loins and quarters, and deep flanks, she
will be able to make a good butchers' beast.

Taking this into consideration, the man who intends to build up a herd
of (Holstein-Friesians is not likely to neglect the beef points, as the block
is the only thing to fall baek upon when the cow becomes unfit for the
dairy or fails to breed; and as long as he cannot control the sex, he cannot
afford to forget that every year there will be some bull calves that had
better be made into steers.

Since black and white is the only eligible color, there can be but little
choice of color, and it is to be hoped Holstein-Friesiau breeders never will
get the color craze, and seek their salvation in either dark, light, mottled,
or piebald cattle. Merit is independent of color.

But the breeder of cattle cannot be blamed for trying to make his
cattle look as attractive as possible in his own eyes, and in those of his
patrons; and if he has a preference for certain markings, he is perfectly
right in breeding in that direction, if he only takes care never to place
fancy before actual merit.

MANAGING THE HERD.

As said before, the Holstein-Friesiau cattle are more the product of soil
and climate, combined with careful management, than of scientific breed-
ing. Though Holland's soil and climate can not be imported into America,
by careful study human skill will overcome this, and the cattle will be
placed in equally as favorable conditions as they are in their native coun-
try.

60 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Holland's magnificent pastures are the special feature that tended to
develop the black and white cattle into what they are, and there, where
good pastures are found, the Holstein-Friesians stand the best chance of a
favorable reception and further development. But since green corn,
sorghum, oats, roots, etc. , largely take the place of grass, Holstein-
Friesians need not be a failure here, where climate and soil are less favor-
able for excellent pastures. Even there, where pastures are excellent, one
or more of the above-named crops should be raised, to be fed when pastur-
age fails.

The Holstein-Friesian cow is simply an improved machine to transform
feed into milk and butter, and the dairyman's aim should be to have the
greatest amount of feed transformed into milk and butter with as little
waste as possible. As soon, then, as the cow shows signs of shrinking in
milk she should be fed so as to prevent this as much as possible. If she
gets all the coarse food necessary, her ration of grain should be increased.
Grain, or other concentrated food, should be given during the whole season
of milking, for, as a rule, the cow can digest more than she can eat of
coarse food, and as she should always be fed to her full capacity when
milking, she should have the balance in a more concentrated form. A
great deal has been said and written about feeding cattle, and a great many
experiments have been made; and guided by these, every cattle-feeder can
find out very easily which is the most economical food for him to feed.
That a dairy cow should always be fed to her full capacity seems as clear
as that an engine pays the best when used the most. When a dairy cow is
not transforming all the food she can into milk an I butter she is not only
paying smaller prolits than she is capable of doing, but is also impairing her
future usefulness. Especially is this the case with young heifers; and
everything should be done to stimulate the secretion of milk and to develop
the milk-secreting organs.

As already said, a good deal can be accomplished by feeding. Other
conditions that greatly influence the milk product are warm stables and
good milking.

Some people have accused the Holstein-Friesians of not being a hardy
breed of cattle, while others have claimed them to be one of the hardiest
breeds in existence. However this may be, the man who wants very hardy
cattle had better get some Buffaloes or Texans, and leave all improved
breeds alone, and especially the dairy breeds. If he wants his cattle to
fight the battle of life alone, he can get no better than those that nature
fitted for it. But nature does not provide us with cows that give twenty
thousand pounds of milk in a year, or make twenty pounds of butter in a
week; for if there is anything impossible, it is that a cow can give much
milk when kept in a place where the mercury goes below zero. I believe
it would prove more economical to the breeder of any kind of cattle to
provide warm stables than to provide the increased amount of food that
his cattle will consume when not properly housed during cold weather.
But it iimsl be admitted that of all breeds of cattle the dairy breeds are
most in need of a warm stable, for the following reasons:

1887.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 61

First. The dairy cow is expected to give a large amount of milk, and
in order to do this she must consume feed to sustain herself — feed to pro-
duce milk, and feed to keep her body at the proper temperature. If left
out in the cold, she cannot eat and digest the amount of food it would
require to perform these different functions, and consequently she will fall
off in milk.

Second. When a cow has been turning her food into milk all summer
she will be thin in flesh when winter comes, and thus be in a far worse
condition than a well fleshed animal.

Third. The dairy cow, in order to produce a large amount of milk,
will have to drink a large amount of water, which, unless warmed, will
cause the temperature of the animal's body to go down considerably.

To heat the water for cattle in winter will, I feel sure, in the course of
time become a common practice, since it is more economical to heat the
water before the cow drinks it than afterwards. The decreased amount of
food required will pay for the labor, and we will gain this: That the cow
can turn all her energy to her purpose; that is, to the production of milk.
Setting this aside, the danger of contracting disease will be greatly les-
sened. But though the stable should be warm, it should be well ventilated
and lighted, since air and light are necessary for life, and withholding
them will cause disease and sickness.

It will also prove very beneficial to have the cattle tied so that when
in the barn they feel really comfortable. In some stables the cattle are
forced to assume unnatural positions, which often leads to serious conse-
quences. The cattle should have moderate exercise, summer and winter.
Moderate exercise is necessary to maintain health, and it has a stimulating
effect on the milk -production, as it promotes appetite and digestion. Over-
exercise has the opposite effect, since the food used to recover the waste
will be deducted from the food the cow consumed, leaving less to produce
milk from. If practicable, it might prove best to keep the cattle in the
stable during extreme cold days.

Good milking is of the greatest importance, for it develops the milk-
secreting organs. The milk should be drawn from the cow as fast as
possible, but at the same time so that the animal likes it. The milking
should take place at regular intervals, twice a day, and when the amount
of milk is very large, oftener.

A regular milk-record of each cow should be kept during the whole
season, and an occasional butter test will greatly add to the value of each
record. Also keep account of the feed, time of calving, and other items
that influence the milk and butter product. Tests that endanger the life
of the cow and impair her future usefulness should be avoided.

Breeding at too early an age is another thing that never should be done.
It dwarfs the size, and thus greatly injures the future usefulness of the
cow.

It is almost superfluous to say that cattle should always be treated
kindly and kept free from excitement.

62 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

SELECTION OF SIRES.

" The bull is half the herd," is an expression very often heard amongst
breeders of cattle, and it proves that they are well aware of the fact that
the bulls in use greatly determine the value of the future herd. A bull,
to be worthy to head a herd of Holstein-Friesians, should fulfill the follow-
ing requirements :

First. He should be vigorous and healthy, and descended from healthy
stock.

Second. He should spring from parents that are themselves animals
of superior merit — the dam having shown herself to be a great milk and
butter producer, and the sire a superior stock-getter.

Third. His sire's dam should have proven herself to be a great dairy
cow; and the more of his ancestors and relatives that have distinguished
themselves, either in the dairy or as sires, the greater will be his value.

Fourth. The bull himself should be an animal of superior merit,
showing all the characteristics of the breed; exhibiting the most important
dairy points and showing great digestive power. If he is handsomely
built, and possesses a form that permits laying on flesh economically and
rapidly, he is of the greater value. (I do uofc think it necessary to copy a
scale of points that every man who breeds Holstein-Friesians. or contem-
plates breeding them, should be acquainted with.) Of course every breeder
must judge for himself which bull is best suited for his herd. The bull
should be especially strong in those points in which his herd is lacking the
most.

Fifth. The bull should be of kind disposition. It hardly pays to pay
a high sum for a breeding animal and dispose of him after a short time on
account of viciousness. Besides, his calves are liable to inherit his vices,
and are thus greatly deteriorated in value.

I should give the preference to a mature animal that has proven him-
self to be a good stock -getter. One has then the advantage of seeing the
bull's calves, and he can then form an idea how the bull will mate with his
cows.

Young bulls should be used sparingly, and only on less valuable cows,
till they have proven themselves superior stock-getters.

Some of the first improvers of Short- Horn cattle let their young bulls
to their neighbors, and those that proved the best stock-getters they after-
wards used in their own herds. Perhaps this plan might be adopted by
some of the most extensive breeders of Holstein-Friesians.

When the bull is getting so old as to lose his strength and vigor, he
should be discarded.

In breeding, coupling the bull with his near relatives should not be
practiced; for though great success has been attained by inbreeding, it is
a proven fact that inbreeding causes loss of vigor and fertility. "Without
i hese the improvement can not be a lasting one; and as the aim ol breeding
should be not only to produce animals that are of high merit themselves,
hiil such as will in turn produce animals of high merit; any course that
does not lead to this result should be avoided.

1887.]

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 63

CARE OF THE BULL.

When a bull has been secured, he should be kept in the best possible
condition, so as to produce the best results and retain his usefulness as long-
as possible. As said before, the bull should not be used extensively till
fully matured, to avoid dwarfing his size and causing hirn to lose his vigor
at an early date. Care should also be taken to use no bull too often. The
service bull should never be in any more than moderate flesh. Fat is not
a sign of health, as often supposed, but an abnormal condition. A fat bull,
aside from the fact that he is almost worthless while fat, on account of his
inability to do service duty, is not likely to get healthy calves, being in an
unhealthy condition himself. If a bull has once been very fat, he will
never entirely recover his former vigor, and if kept fat, premature decay is
sure to follow.

The bull should have regular exercise, and such as compels him to use
every muscle and ]imb is the best. As a rule, the bull is kept indoors
during the whole year, as this is the most convenient way. His stall
should fulfill the same requirements that are recommended for the cow-
stable. Care should be taken to keep it dry and clean. His attendant
should study his nature, and treat him accordingly. As a rule, gentle
treatment is the best, but he should be taught to obey. This is most
effectually done by putting a ring in his nose and by using a staff when
handling him. Everything that tends to worry, vex, or excite him should
be avoided. Kegular currying and cleaning will not only pi-omote his
health, but will also render him more gentle.

As many bulls are called upon to do service duty during the whole year,
there is no reason for slacking at any time, especially as neglect, eveu for a
short time, impairs the animal for a much longer time, sometimes for life.

SUGGESTIONS ON THE FEEDING AND CABING FOR CALVES.

The care of the calf commences as soon as it is born, or rather before it
is born, the breeder being supposed to do everything within his power to
produce a healthy calf. If he has done so, it will be born in a well bedded
box-stall. As soon as it is born, the first thing to be looked after is that it
be well cleaned; if the cow fails to do this, the calf should be cleaned by
rubbing with straw or a rag. It should never be denied to suck the cow
for the first two days, as it needs the first milk to clean its bowels, and
should get it in the most natural way. It needs no introduction to do this,
and unless very weak, should not be interfered with. After being weaned,
the calf has to be fed by hand. For the first few days it should have its
mother's milk, diiectly after being milked; later the milk may be changed,
but care should be taken to feed it at the natural temperature. Some con-
trivance to prevent the calf from drinking too fast will prove very bene-
ficial. By drinking too fast the milk does not go to the true digestive
stomach, and this is one of the causes of "scours." After six or eight
weeks the calf may be fed skim-milk; care should be taken to make the

64 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

change gradually, and to heat the milk to the natural temperature. As
skim-milk is lacking in fat, something should be given to take its place;
steeped linseed or scalded oil-meal will he found to answer the best. The
calf, no matter what time of the year it is born, should be kept indoors for
the first weeks of its existence. The best way is to have it loose, in com-
pany with others of the same age, in a box-stall. Extra pains should be
taken to keep the floor of the stall dry and well bedded. The calf-stable
should be free from sudden changes in temperature, and draughts especially
should be avoided. As soon as the calf will eat — and it will do this a few
days after birth — it should have some nice early cut hay, and when it gets
an appetite for the hay it should have all it will eat. A little grain might
also be fed, but always sparingly. Young cattle should never be allowed
to grow fat, and young dairy cattle the least of all. Oats and bran are the
best to feed the calves in addition to the hay, as they are not fat-forming.
By feeding thus the digestive powers of the calf will develop better than if
feeding more concentrated food. The calves born in the spring can be
turned out when about two months of age, but they should have a good
pasture, with a shed for stormy and hot weather. When the pasture fails,
hay and grain should be fed. The calf should be kept growing right along.
The smaller and weaker calves should be kept separate from the larger and
stronger, and when five or six months old the bull calves should be sepa-
rated from the heifers.

If skim-milk is plenty, there is no need of weaning calves before they
are six months old ; and even when older than that skim-milk may be fed
to them with profit. The weaning should be done gradually, and at the
same time their grain ration should be increased, so that they will never
stop growing on account of weaning.

While young stock will be able to stand more cold than milch-cows,
they should not be exposed to rough weather.

During winter, calves should be curried regularly, as they need it more
than any other stock. A sharp lookout should he kept for lice, and these
eradicated as soon as discovered.

BREEDING OF HOISTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE.

Essay of Mb. Dudley Milleb, of Oswego, N. Y., Offered in Competition

for the Association Prize, and Designated as Second

Choice by the Referee.

BREEDING OP HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE.

" The Selection of Sires and their Care during the Season of Service, to the end
that they Transmit to their Offspring Health, Strength, Superior Milking and
other Desirable Qualities. Also Suggestions on the Care and Feeding of
Calves. ' '

Breeding Holstein-Friesian cattle has been the occupation of the inh&b-
tants of Holland for hundreds and hundreds of years, with various pur-
poses in new, according to the locality in which they have been kept.
Hence the name "general-purpose,'' so appropriate to the breed which
excels in the different uses for which it is bred.

This is clearly illustrated by referring to the dairy products of the
provinces of Holland, in the " Verslag over deu Landbouw in Nederland "
(the agricultural report) for 1884, where it is seen (page 553) that of the
17,653,703 kilograms (2 2-10 lbs., 1 kilo) of butter sold, 7,854,000 kilo-
grams, nearly one-half the entire marketed product, are credited to Fries-
land, the area of which is perhaps not more than one-tenth of the whole
kingdom.

All the cheese sold during the same period, and iu the same country,
amounted to 20,280,067 kilograms, of which 13,882,612 kilograms, nearly
seven-tenths of the whole product, were sold in the province of North Hol-
land, which is about one-third as large as Friesland, whei-e 133,339 milch
cows were kept, to 149,832 in North Holland.

It is plainly seen from the above where butter cows and cheese cows pre-
dominate in Holland. All ultimately go to the block, and no heifers are
raised for beef which can be profitably used in the dairy.

There is a large trade in veal calves and in steers and cows fattened at
the distilleries, one of the principal features of which is exporting to
England.

The thrifty Hollanders have found it more prudent and safer to breed
their cattle with a view to ultimate beef, rather than devoting all their en-
ergies to establishing a special-purpose breed, adapted solely to the produc-
tion of milk, cheese, beef, or butter, as has been done with other more
modern breeds.

Although their efforts have been made with the general purpose in view,
they have produced a breed, individuals of which have excelled all others

66 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

for milk and for butter, for certain periods, also for the early maturity of
young stock, though these facts are in direct contradiction to the ground
held by many wise and plausible theorists.

Owing to the variable climate of Holland, these cattle acclimate remark-
ably well, perhaps better than any other breed, whether exported to warm
or cold climates. Many comparisons have been made by importations of
European breeds to various parts of America. One in particular comes to
my mind, of an importation of Holstein-Friesians and the notoriously hardy
Aberdeen- Angus. These cattle were imported from Europe together, were
three months in quarantine in New Jersey, and thence removed to southern
central New York. They were kept there a year or two; thence removed
to Kansas, where the bones of the Angus are now bleaching on the prairies.
The Holstein-Friesians were shipped to New York and sold at public auc-
tion, where the aged bull which headed the herd, and several aged cows, sold
for from $500 to over $650 each. This may be an example of ' ' the survival
of the fittest."

In America Holstein-Friesians have been bred with intelligence and
great success. The greatest milk record for one year was made twice by an
American-bred cow, viz: Echo, when she milked 18,120 pounds and 8
ounces, and the following year 23,775 pounds and 8 ounces. During part
of the time of both these records she was carrying calves, viz: one calf for
part of the time of the first record and triplets for about half the duration
of the second record.

This record for one year has been excelled by Clothilde, milking 26,021
pounds and 2 ounces, but she was farrow during the entire record.

The greatest two-year-old milk record, 18,484 pounds and 13 ounces,
was made by Albino 2d, an American-bred cow, as was also the greatest
two-year-old butter record for seven days, 21 pounds and 10J ounces, made
by Netherland Princess 4th. The greatest butter record for ninety days,
304 pounds and 5£ ounces, was made by Aaggie 2d, an imported cow.

Some of the greatest gains in live weight have been made by American-
bred calves, among which is one who gained 5j pounds for thirty days in
succession. Cows bred here have attained a live weight of over 1,900
pounds, and bulls 2,500 pounds and upwards.

The progress of the breed in America, with the Holland statistics given
above, amply indicates the wonderful power of the Holstein-Friesian,
whether it be bred for beef, butter, cheese, or milk. Hence it is apparent
that one may pursue any one of the above branches of the dairy or the
raising of fat stock without resorting to other breeds than the Holstein-
Friesian.

SELECTION OF SIRES, ETC.

In selecting a sire to head the herd, it is necessary that one should be
chosen which not only possesses in a marked degree all the characteristics
that we desire, but should have the power of reproducing his own qualities.

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 67

Sometimes we meet with excellent individuals that utterly fail to breed
true, their blood being impotent to stamp their own good qualities on their
offspring. Such animals should be carefully avoided.

Never use a bull, if it can be avoided, unless you have proof positive
that he is not only individually superior for the purposes required, but that
his direct antecedents have also the same characteristics clearly and strong-
ly defined; and better yet, if possible, secure a bull that, in addition to the
above, has proven himself a sire of superior animals. The time and money
wasted by using inferior, I might say, worthless, bulls is incalculable. It
is an easy matter to select a sire of good individuality from a family that
has proven itself of superior excellence, and at a slight increase to the cost
of an ordinary and, perhaps, worse than useless animal. The good sire
from a good family will, with almost certainty, reproduce his own good
qualities. He who buys the poor, cheap sire will waste his time, feed, and.
patience, and fail in the end, which is tenfold more expensive than secur-
ing a good animal on the start at a little higher price.

Do not be dazzled by pedigree alone. Some animals of most excellent
families have been so bred in and in, to produce great results, that their
weak points have been so intensified as to undermine their constitutions.
The greatest results have often been attained by inbreeding, but, as a rule,
it is a failure in cattle as well as in the human race, unless the animals in-
bred are thoroughly strong and vigorous in all particulars, which is rare.

The first and most essential quality, whether we desire beef, milk, cheese,
or butter, is a strong, vigorous constitution; second, an animal that is a
strong feeder and assimilates his food well; third, an animal with a quiet,
equable disposition; fourth, one that is large and well developed, as this is a
good indication of health and vigor.

Nearly all of the great milk, butter, cheese, and beef producers regard-
less of the breeds to which they belong, have been of the large rather than
of the medium or smaller types of their respective breeds. From experi-
ments made in Germany, and from results obtained in America, it has been
conclusively demonstrated that not only the larger bi'eeds, but also the
larger cattle of the same breed are the most economical producers.

In selecting sires for the purpose of most successfully breeding beef
cattle, early maturity is of the utmost importance. Why ? Because it has
been frequently demonstrated, and can be proven by any one who will take
the trouble to count the cost, that beef can be grown at far less expense on
young animals, from twelve to eighteen months old, than on two-year olds;
and growing beef on three and four-year olds costs, generally, more than it
sells for.

Therefore, the first consideration for a breeder of beef cattle in selecting
a bull is early maturity, which is usually found with cattle having good
digestive organs, easily assimilating their food, and having quiet disposi-
tions, wasting no adipose tissues in nervous excitement; the second, good
size, long, deep, well-rounded barrel, long, broad hips, deep, full thighs,

68 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

line head, neck, and legs; and the third consideration should be to select
animals which " finish up " well, having the fat well interlarded with the
lean, called marbled, and not put on in bunches fit for the manufacture of
oleomargarine.

The sire of beef cattle should stand straight and firm, with front legs
wide apart, giving plenty of lung room and more capacity for beef than
cramped, narrow-chested animals afford. The stand behind should be
straight and legs wide apart, giving ample room for the formation of flesh
on the thighs both outside and inside. The skin should be soft and mellow,
with oily secretions, and loose on the body, so that it can be readily gathered
up in the hand.

The sire of good dairy stock, be it for milk, butter, or cheese, should be
strong and vigorous, of large size, indicative of a good constitution, with a
fine, clean-cut head, slightly dishing forehead, a large, mild eye, a medium-
sized horn, a large muzzle, a fine neck of medium length, and the barrel
long and deep, with well-sprung ribs, wide apart, giving plenty of room for
well-developed digestive organs; for success depends upon the amount of
food consumed and the facility with which it is digested.

The hips should be long, broad, and straight. This formation admits of
and is generally found with capacious, well-formed udders in the cows, and
in the males and fat stock is best adapted to growing the greatest amount
of beef. The fore legs should be wide enough apart to give ample room for
heart and lungs, and the hind legs should be straight and wide apart,
affording room for large udders, which are apt to inconvenience the walking
of cows that stand close behind.

By many, a crooked leg is deemed an essential characteristic of a good
milch cow. It is, however, a most objectionable feature, for it is generally
found on cows with hocks so close together that every time they step their
large udders are in the way and are usually injured by being banged
about, first by one leg and then the other, until the cows are so hampered
that they fail to graze with freedom, and consequently produce less.

The udder should be large and evenly quartered, extending far forward,
spreading on the belly, well tucked up, reaching far back and up between
the hind legs, and with soft, pliable skin which shrinks to almost nothiug
when milked dry. The teats should be of good size, evenly placed, and wide
apart on the udder. Avoid a large, fleshy bag, which when milked out still
appears large, and as though it contained milk. The escutcheon is greatly
admired by many, but though most good milkers possess it, it is by no
means a sure sign of a great milch cow. Much more important are the
milk veins and holes on the belly, to be found both on males and females,
but far less developed on the former.

These are features rarely, if ever, found in poor dairy stock. The
larger, the longer, and the more crooked the milk veins, and the larger and
the greater the number of milk holes at the ends of the veins, the better
the cow.

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 69

The fluid which passes through the milk veins and holes from the
udder is the waste or surplus from which the milk has been taken. The
greater the amount of milk produced, the greater the amount of refuse to
be carried off, consequently the greater the development of these veins and
holes in a great producer.

The same characteristics which are desirable in a good milch cow are
equally requisite for a good cheese or butter cow, but with the latter some-
thing more is needed. The distinction between a good milch cow and a
good cheese cow is found only by actual experience and by the analysis of
respective milks; that is, there are no exterior indications whereby one
good dairy cow can be distinguished from another as being superior for the
production of cheese. It is, however, different with the butter cow.

While there is no absolute rule (without exception), it is generally true
that those cows whose skins have a yellow, oily appearance and touch are
good butter cows, and the more yellow and oily, the better butter cow.
This yellow, oily skin is just as desirable in bulls as in cows.

During the service season bulls should be in a perfectly healthy, vigor-
ous condition; and to attain this they should be fed in accordance with
what is required of them. Daily exercise and grooming is necessary if
the best results are desired.

Service bulls in Holland are reported to have covered three and four
hundred cows in a single year. One case in particular I have in mind, of the
bull Artis, which is reported to have served over five hundred cows within
that time. If a good bull is fed strong, nourishing food, and is well exercised,
groomed, and cared for, there is no reason why he should not be allowed to
serve a cow daily for six . months. The usual number, however, will
probably range somewhere between fifty and one hundred for the season
of three or four months.

One of the most successful breeders of my acquaintance has an average
of from twenty to twenty-five females to breed annually, and for the pur-
pose he keeps four or five bulls. This is not done because one bull is
thought unequal to the task, but for the purpose of more readily combining
different good qualities and intensifying them in his young stock.

The proof of the excessfulness of this breeding is not only apparent
when representatives of this breed compete in the show ring, but they have
become notorious throughout the country as great producers. Four cows
bred in this herd have each given over ninety pounds of milk in a day;
one of them 101 pounds, another 102 pounds (milked within twenty-four
hours, but secreted in twenty-six hours), and the third twice excelled the
greatest annual record (before mentioned).

THE CARE AND FEEDING OF CALVES.

If improperly raised, the best bred calves will amount to naught. One
must not only know how to raise calves as they should be, but must see
that they have the best of care. Calves are often fed too little, and after

70 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

the first month or six weeks, are allowed to make shift for themselves, which
results in their being half-starved and growing up to poor, miserable, under-
sized animals. If a calf has been abused in this manner, it is next to im-
possible for it to entirely recover.

The natural and best way ever invented or known to raise a calf is to
let it run in the pasture with a cow. It maybe said that it is not good for
the cow. True, but if you have not the misfortune to own some old cows,
or three-teated cows, on which the best calves can be raised, they can be
fed the milk of their dams by hand.

The calf should be kept in a thrifty, growing condition, not fat, as this
impedes the growth of bone and muscle.

It should be fed three or four times daily when young, because feeding
but twice often causes it to become so hungry that it takes more at a time
than it can readily digest.

This is injurious, and frequently results in what is called pot-bellied
calves.

At about two months old, rowen, and a little oat-meal or ground oats
should be put in a convenient place for the calf to taste when inclined.
By degrees, with increasing age, it will learn to like and take more of
both, and gradually becomes weaned from milk at eight, ten, or twelve
months old, according to the desire of the owner.

A large pen, having a floor covered with straw, should be provided for
the hand-fed calf, so that it can get plenty of exercise.

A run in a yard without grass would also be beneficial. Care should be
taken to have the calf-pen dark enough to exclude flies in fly-time, as
they are a great annoyance and injury to the most favorable growth of
calves.

The dangers of over-feeding calves, as well as of starving them, are
great, particularly with breeders who take a pride in having large, show
animals.

In one respect shows are an absolute injury. I mean the tendency they
have to induce breeders to over-feed their stock for the purpose of taking
premiums with large, fat animals.

Many and many a good animal has been ruined for breeding and dairy
purposes by excessive feeding, which dwarfs the growth of bone and mus-
cle and induces a tendency to take on fat, and diminishes, if not utterly
ruins, the milking characteristics, and, worse than all, so affects the organs
of generation that re-production becomes impossible.

Some of the most promising animals in America, by being over-fed, have
had their usefulness greatly impaired, and others have been rendered
totally unfit for breeding purposes, and consequently were condemned to a
premature and ignoble death on the block.

Breeding Holstein-Friesians includes a large and interesting field for
the intelligent breeder, as their characteristics are of more varied excel-
lence than those of any other breed.

1887.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 71

It now stands far in advance of all others as the greatest milk pro-
ducer, is excelled by none for cheese, is successfully contending for honors
as a butter breed with those specially bred for that purpose, and surpasses
for beef all other dairy breeds.

There is ample room for the improvement of this breed in concentrat-
ing and intensifying their good milk, butter, cheese, and beef qualities.

Under this improving process the breed is now making wonderful
progress in America; in fact greater than it has made in Europe. This is
evident from the fact that the best and highest priced Holstein-Friesians
are now found in America.

PROCEEDINGS

THIRD ANNUAL MEETING

OF THE

Holstein-Friesian

i^ssocria-tiorij

OF AMERICA,

HELD AT

Buffalo, New York, March 21ST, 1888.

Reports of Meetings of the Board of Officers,

Held at Buffalo, New York,

March 20TH and 21ST, 1

Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, Printers, Davenport, Icmia.
IS88.

MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS

HOLSTEffl-FRIESM ASSOCIATION OP AMERICA,

Held at the Genesee Hotel, Buffalo, N. Y.,
March 20th, 1888.

Upon roll call, the following were found to be present: President, Wil-
liam M. Singerly; Gerrit S. Miller, M. L. Sweet, W. G. Powell, W. M.
Liggett, William Brown Smith, F. L. Houghton, Edgar Huidekoper, C. W.
Horr, D. H. Burrell, S. Hoxie, and Thomas B. Wales.

The next business in order being the consideration of applications for
membership, the Secretary presented the application of John A. Beauchamp,
of Nashville, Tenn., a member of the firm of W. B: Clark & Co.

Upon motion, he was declared elected.

The Secretary next presented the name of Benjamin W. Folger, of
Kingston, Ontario.

Upon motion of Mr. W. G. Powell, the Secretary was instructed to make
inquiries in reference to the fitness of Mr. Folger to become a member, and,
upon satisfactory proof, to enter his name upon the rol? as a member.

The Secretary next presented the name of H. V. Pugsley, of Plattsburg,
Mo. , and recommended his election.

Upon Motion, Mr. Pugsley was received as a member.

The Secretary next presented the name of Truman G. Avery, of Buffalo,
N. Y., recommended by A. P. Wright.

Upon motion, Mr. Avery was declared elected.

The Secretary next presented the name of Charles Eobinson, of Barre
Plains, Mass., recommended by Mr. F. L. Houghton.

Upon motion, Mr. Robinson was declared elected.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE . [March,

The Secretary next presented the name of George R. Morehouse, M. D.,
of Philadelphia, Penu., recommended by E. A. Powell.

Upon motion, Mr. Morehouse was declared elected.

The Secretary next presented the name of H. F. W. Breuer, of Charles-
ton, S. C.

Upon Motion, Mr. Breuer was declared elected.

The Secretary next presented the name of J. B. Collins, of Minneapolis,
Minn.

Upon Motion, Mr. Collins was declared elected.

The Secretary next presented the name of William Farrington, of San
Jose, Cal.

Upon motion, Mr. Farrington was declared elected.

The Secretary next presented the name of William S. Gurnee, of New
York, N. Y., and recommended his election.

Upon motion, Mr. Gurnee was declared elected.

The Secretary next presented the name of F. B. Knowles, of Worcester,
Mass., recommended by F. L. Houghton.

Upon motion, Mr. Knowles was declared elected.

The Secretary next presented the name of Joseph V. Phelan, of Welling-
ington, Ohio, recommended by C. W. Horr.

Upon motion, Mr. Phelan was declared elected.

The Secretary next presented the name of O. P. Potter, of Potter Build-
ing, 38 Park Row, New York, N. Y.

Upon motion, Mr. Potter was declared elected.

The Secretary next presented the name of C. E. Rumsey, of Pittsburgh,
Penn., recommended by John Hayes, President of the Bank of Pittsburgh.

Upon motion of Gerrit S. Miller, it was decided that the application of
Mr. Rumsey should be referred to the Secretary to make inquiries of Mr.
J. T. Brooks, of Salem, Ohio, for further information in reference to the
application, the name to be entered on the roll as a member if the informa-
tion is satisfactory to the Secretary.

The Secretary next presented the name of J. Rust, of North Greenfield,
Wis.

The application of Mr. Rust was referred to the Secretary under the
same conditions as the application of Mr. Rumsey.

The Secretary next presented the name of Daniel W. True, of Portland,
Maine, recommended by Charles J. Chaplain, mayor of Portland.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

Upon motion, it was decided that the application of Mr. True should be
received when the recommendation of Mr. C. A. Brown, of Portland, is
procured.

The Secretary next presented the name of C. H. Vandevort, of Amity,
N. Y., recommended by C. H. Demarest and S. Case.

This application was referred to the Secretary in the same manner as
those of Mr. Rumsey and Mr. Rust.

The Secretary next presented the name of W. A. White, of Wahpe-
ton, D. T.

Upon motion, it was decided that the application of Mr. White should
be received when the recommendation of Mr. Liggett is procured.

The Secretary next presented the name of Henry A. Whitney, of Nan-
tasket, Mass., and recommended his election.

Upon motion, Mr. Whitney was declared elected.

The Secretary next presented the name of E. M. McGillin, of Cleve-
land, Ohio, recommended by Mr. C. W. Horr.

Upon motion, Mr. McGillin was declared elected.

The Secretary presented the name of J. W. Howard, of Aberdeen, Miss.,
recommended by Eugene Smith.

Upon motion, Mr. Howard was declared elected.

Mr. F. C. Stevens, of Attica, N. Y., was introduced, and said:

Mr. President and gentlemen, I have a matter to present for your con-
sideration. In 1873 I imported a heifer which was called "Hollander " in
Holland, in the Holland Herd-Book. I brought her to this country and
they called her " Hollander" here. Two years after she dropped a heifer
calf. That animal I named " Hollander Second. " Last year she dropped
another female. I made application to Secretary Walefi for permission to
use the name " Hollander Third," which was refused, on. the ground that
there was already an animal in the old Dutch-Friesian Herd-Book named
"Hollander Third." I then referred Mr. Wales to the rule which gov-
erned me in the matter, saying that the progeny of animals should receive
the name of sire and dam with the numbers prefixed or added. He re-
ferred me to the rule which provides that no two animals shall have the
same name. I told him that I should have to appeal from his decision in
this matter, because I did not regard the rules of the Holstein-Friesian
Association as applicable to the old Dutch-Friesian Association.

This is a statement of the case, and I ask your consideration of the
matter.

I have another request to make. I have an animal, a daughter of
" Mechthilde, " called " Chelonis. " I would like to change that to
"Mechthilde2d."

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Wales: The point I made was this: That having an animal in
our register named "Hollander Third," no other animal should be allowed
to receive that name. I look upon the old Dutch-Friesian Herd-Book as a
part of our record, and I refer to them as a part of our records, the same as
I refer to the hook we published last year.

Upon motion of Mr. Huidekoper, permission was granted Mr. Stevens to
use the name "Hollander Third," and also the name " Mechthilde 2d."

Mr. D. B. Whipple was introduced, and said:

I have a case somewhat similar to that which Mr. Stevens has pre-
sented. I woiild like to have the names of some of the members of the
"Pietertje" family changed in rotation with the original. " Pietertje
Second ' ' has three daughters and a son. The son is the oldest of her pro-
geny, named "Holland King." The oldest daughter is "Millet." The
second daughter is "Pietertje Second Netherland." The third daughter is
" Netherland Duke's Pietertje. ' ' I would like to have those named in rota-
tion, "Pietertje Third," "Pietertje Fourth," " Pietertje Fifth," etc.

In the case of " Holland King," I would like his name to be " Pietertje's
Holland King. ' '

Upon motion, the request of Mr. Whipple was granted.

Secretary Wales: On the 10th of January, 1887, I received an ap-
plication for the registry of a bull to be named " Prince of Cedarside 9th,"
from W. A. Pratt, of Elgin, 111. On examination it was found to conflict
with an application afterwards received from S. N. Wright, of South Elgin,
111., for the registry of the heifer " Pride of Elgin." The latter was born
April 15th, 1886, and the first March 2d, 1886. I investigated the matter,
and found that Mr. Pratt did not own this animal, and that Mr. Wright
had a perfect right to register his animal according to his application. I
wrote to Mr. Pratt explaining the matter to him, and asked him to return
the certificate of registry, but I have never been able to get a word of re-
sponse from him. My position is that this animal " Prince of Cedarside.
9th," No. 4246, should be thrown out of our registry entirely. I do not
think there ever was such an animal.

Upon motion, it was decided that the registry of " Prince of Cedarside
9th," No. 4246, should be expunged from the Holstein-Friesian record.

The Secretary read a letter from Mr. William A. Hinds, Secretary of the
Oneida Community, New York, to Mr. G. S. Miller, in regard to fees
charged to that company.

Upon motion of Mr. Huidekoper, the matter was laid upon the table.

Mr. Ilorr called for the amount of funds now in the treasury.

Treasurer William Brown Smith reported a balance on hand of $225,-
413.36.

Upon motion, the chair appointed the following committee to fix the
salaries of officers for the ensuing year: Mr. C. W. Horr, Mr. D. H.
Burrell, and Mr. M. L. Sweet.

Adjourned until March 21st, 1888, at 8:30 A. M.

ADJOURNED MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS,

Held March 21st, 1888, at 8:30 a. m.

The committee appointed at the last session to fix salaries of officers for
the ensuing year reported as follows :

Salary of Secretary and Editor, $2,500.00; Superintendent of the Ad-
vanced Registry, $1,000.00; Treasurer, $250.00.

Upon motion, the report of the committee was accepted, and the salaries
voted as reported.

Upon motion, the meeting adjourned.

Treasurer William Brown Smith reported a balance on hand of $25,-
413.36.

ADJOURNED MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS,

Held March 21st, 1888, at 8:30 a. m.

The committee appointed at the last session to fix salaries of officers for
the ensuing year reported as follows :

Salary of Secretary and Editor, $2,500.00; Superintendent of the Ad-
vanced Registry, $1,000.00; Treasurer, $250.00.

Upon motion, the report of the committee was accepted, and the salaries
voted as reported.

Upon motion, the meeting adjourned.

THIRD ANNUAL MEETING

HOLSTEIMRIESIAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

Held at the Genesee Hotel, Buffalo, N. Y.,
Wednesday, March 21st, 1888.

The meeting was called to order at 10 o'clock A. M., by the President.

Upon roll call, it was ascertained that the following members were
present :

Jere Allis, Sylvester Burchard, David H. Burrell, O. P. Chapman, John
A. Frye, C. W. Horr, F. L. Houghton, S. Hoxie, Edgar Huidekoper,
H. Langworthy, William M. Liggett, C. J. Lord, D. H. McAlpin, Dudley
Miller, Gerrit S. Miller, T. S. Nowell, Isaac C. Otis, F. W. Patterson,
E. A. Powell, W. G. Powell, W. M. Singerly, Harlan P. Smith, W.
Brown Smith, F. C. Stevens, J. L. Stone, Martin L. Sweet, C. F. Sweezey,
S. W. Sweezey, Thomas B. Wales, G. D. Wheeler, Dallas B. Whipple,
Don J. Wood, S. N. Wright, L. T. Yeomans, T. G. Yeomans, and that 189
were represented by proxy.

It was moved that a committee of three be appointed to examine the
proxies, and to report to this meeting.

The chair appointed Mr. F. C. Stevens, Mr. Langworthy, and Mr. B.
Chaffee as such Committee on Proxies.

The committee so appointed proceeded to collect the proxies, and retired
to examine them.

The President: The next thing in order is the reading of the Secre-
tary's report.

The Secretary read as follows:

Mr. President, and Members of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America :
Another year's work has been completed, and 1 am glad to be able to make
what I trust may prove a satisfactory report of my doings as Secretary.
At any rate the business of the Association has had my undivided atten-
tion, and I have given to it my best efforts. Each year brings largely -
increased work, and I presume such will always be the case; at least it is
to be hoped so, for that only means continued prosperity and success.

10 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

It seems remarkable to me that with such a large number of corres-
pondents, resident from Canada to Florida, and from Maine to California,
and in all conditions of life, that I hear so few complaints. I sometimes
think that this comfortable state of affairs is, in a measure, owing to the
pleasure and satisfaction our breeders take in the care and interest in their
quiet, gentle, Dutch cows.

You will not be surprised to learn that our membership is rapidly in-
creasing. During the year applications for membership have been received
from twenty-one breeders. If all are admitted, we shall then number three
hundred and thirty-one (331).

Two deaths have been reported — Mr. William McEwan, of Bay City,
Mich., and Mr. F. W. Maxon, of Walworth, Wis.

Since our last meeting Volume II. of our Herd-Book has been completed.
As you know, it was printed in two parts. The one for bulls contains the
reports of meetings and the pedigrees of 2,948 bulls; and the part for
cows, 3,472 pedigrees; the number of pages is 1,438.

Volume III. has closed, and about 1,000 pages are already in print. I
expect it will include at least 2,000 pages. The transfer lists for this volume
are by far the largest of any yet published.

During the year I have issued 4,225 certificates of registry of bulls;
4,959 certificates of registry of cows; 2,357 certificates of transfer of bulls;
4,045 certificates of transfer of cows, and 147 duplicate certificates, making
a total of 15,733 certificates.

The registry of the year includes but seventy-six imported animals.
We have registered to date a total of 37,685 animals — 14,258 bulls, and
23, 427 cows.

There has been expended during the year for special premiums $1,837.00,
and I think all will agree that the money could not have been put to better
use. I am sure its offering brought out a finer display of our cattle than
if it had not been made. Our great victories over all other breeds of dairy
cattle at the largest and most important shows of the country are certainly
owing in part to our liberal policy in this regard, and I trust such policy
will continue.

The receipts and expenditures for the year ending March 1st, 1888, are
as follows:

RECEIPTS.

Received for membership fees I 2,200 00

Received for registry of imported bulls 60 00

Received for registry of imported cows 1,460 00

Received for registry of bulls 5,082 00

Received for registry of cows 6,034 00

Received for transfer of bulls 1,267 50

Received for transfer of cows 1,572 50

Received for duplicate certificates 73 50

Received for inspection of imported cattle 320 00

Received for Herd-Books 415 11

Balance of ledger 542 98

119,027 59

1388.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 11

EXPENDITURES.

For Board of Officers, traveling expenses $ 429 88

For Clerk hire .' 3,005 70

For Expenses, including office rent 1,073 41

For Printing 1,129 40

For Inspection of imported cattle 65 19

For Special premiums 1,122 00

For National Cattle Growers' Association 250 00

For Stamp account, government envelopes, wrappers, etc 646 75

For Missouri Agricultural College 183 43

For prize essay 100 00

For sundry personal accounts, fees refunded, drafts returned for en-
dorsement 165 42

For balance remitted to W. Brown Smith, Treasurer 10,856 41

119,027 59

Respectfully submitted,

Thomas B. Wales, Jr.,

Secretary.

Mr. W. G. Powell moved that the report of the Secretary be accepted,
and printed in the proceedings of this meeting.

Seconded and carried.

The President called for the report of the Treasurer, which was read by
Treasurer W. Brown Smith, as follows:

TREASURER'S REPORT.

Mr. President, and Gentlemen, of the Hoi stein- Friesian Association of America:
I herewith beg leave to make the following report of the receipts and ex-
penditures of this Association for the fiscal year endiEg with the date of
this meeting:

Balance on hand, as per report of Treasurer at last annual meeting,
Buffalo, March 16, 1887, $23,681.11.

RECEIPTS.

1888.

March 16. To balance, as per last report $23,681 11

April 1. Accrued interest to date, as per report of W. C. Brayton, 91 70

$23,772 81
EXPENDITURES,

AS PER REPORT OF W. C. BRAYTON, AND VOUCHERS FURNISHED.

1887.

March 17. Thomas B. Wales, salary six months, to March 1, 1887 $1,250 00

March 17. W. C. Brayton, salary one year 250 00

March 17. Bill, account of Advanced Registry, S. Burchard 210 00

March 17. Bill, account of Advanced Registry, S. Hoxie 170 00

March 17. Bill, account of Advanced Registry, S. N. Wright 95 00

March 17. Postage 10—$ 1,975 10

Balance turned over to W. Brown Smith, Treasurer 21,797 71

$23,772 81

12

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

RECEIPTS.
1887.

April 11. Cash from W. C. Brayton, Treasurer 121,797 71

June 8. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, as per quarterly

report ■ ? 944 44

June 30. Accrued interest on deposit, Salt Springs National Bank, 100 00
Accrued interest on deposit, Onondaga County Savings

Bank 30 00

Accrued interest on deposit, Syracuse Savings Bank 30 00

Sept. 7. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, per quarterly

report 3,500 00

Dec. 7. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, per quarterly

report 822 44

1888.
Jan. 1. Accrued interest on deposit, Onondaga County Savings

Bank 60 00

Accrued interest on deposit, Syracuse Savings Bank 60 00

Accrued interest on deposit, Salt Springs National Bank, 242 02
March 5. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, per quarterly

report 5,589 53

Total receipts for fiscal year 11,378 43

$33,176 14
EXPENDITURES.
1887.

April 12. S. Hoxie, account of Advanced Registry $ 188 66

April 12. Hiscock, Doheny & Hiscock, legal services, Sluiter Bros.

vs. Holstein-Friesian Association 178 90

April 18. Durston & Co., account books for Treasurer 2 40

May 16. John I. Holly, Secretary, premium paid at New York

Dairy Show, offered by Association 415 00

May 16. Smiths, Powell & Lamb, sweepstakes premium at New

York Dairy Show 300 00

May 24. F. C. Stevens, special premium for butter at New York

Dairy Show 55 00

June 27. S. Hoxie, account of Advanced Registry 5117

June 27. J. N. Muncey, account of Advanced Registry 17 05

July 30. Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, publishing Herd-Book 4,006 60

Sept. 6. Thomas B. Wales, salary six months, to Sept. 1, 1887 1,250 00

Nov. 28. J. N. Muncey, account of Advanced Registry 16 00

Nov. 28. S. N. Wright, account of Advanced Registry 8 00

1888.

Jan. 13. J. N. Muncey, account of Advanced Registry 24 00

S. Hoxie, salary 1,000 00

W. Brown Smith, salary 250 00

Total expense for fiscal year $ 7,762 78

Balance on hand 25,413 36

$33,176 14
Respectfully submitted,

W. Brown Smith,

Treasurer.

Upon motion, the report of the Treasurer was accepted as read.

The President next called for the report of the Superintendent of Ad-
vanced Registry.

Mr. S. Hoxie read the report, as follows:

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 13

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF ADVANCED REGISTRY.

To the President and Members of the Hoi stein- Friesian Association of America:
In offering this report I am happy to say that there is a growing interest
among our breeders in the subject of Advanced Registry, and a more general
knowledge and approval of its objects and methods. Breeders who entered
cattle in the first volume assure me that they are already realizing great-
advantage from it.

It is also attracting the attention of other breeders of thoroughbred
cattle. Leading men in other associations are recognizing the importance
of the principle upon which it is based, and the coming necessity of a
similar system for the registry of their own cattle. At the annual meeting
of the Devon Cattle Club, held in this city (Buffalo) on the 25th of January,
steps were taken toward establishing a similar system for Devon cattle. If
I am correctly informed, the subject is being widely agitated among Short-
Horn breeders. And it is a matter of gratification to learn that the Jersey
Cattle Club has adopted rules somewhat similar to ours for verifying butter
records by affidavits. Indeed, it is a matter in which we all feel a degree of
pride, that our Association, handling the breed latest introduced into this
country, is leading other associations in this movement as well as in other
important movements. We have assumed in this respect the highest
position of any association in the world. We have shown a progressive
tendency that is drawing public attention to our breed perhaps more than
to any other breed in our land. It now remains for us to hold this position,
and prove that our cattle are worthy of the attention that is being fixed
upon them.

During the past year the work in this department has been mainly in
giving information to breeders in regard to the character and requirements
of this registry, and in preparing material for a second volume.

Two hundred and twenty-seven animals have been examined and accepted
so far as requirements of structure are concerned. As a rale it has been
the practice to not issue certificates until the final revision of entries
previous to publication. For this reason fees have not been paid, except
in a few instances; and the bills for service of Inspectors have been sent to
the Treasurer as they have been received and approved.

The immediate receipts and expenditures of my office have been as follows:

RECEIPTS.

Fees $ 50 00

For books 19 50

From Treasurer 51 17

Total $120 67

EXPENDITURES.

For postage $ 24 08

For printing 14 87

For measures 56 05

For stationary 4 40

For express 1 15

For telegraph 35

For traveling expenses 1 25

$102 15

Balance due the Association $ 18 52

14 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Upon motion, the report was received, and ordered published in the
regular proceedings.

The President: It has been customary to refer the reports of the
Secretary, the Treasurer, and the Superintendent of Advanced Registry to
a committee for examination. What is the pleasure of the meeting in that
regard ?

Mr. Huidekoper moved that such a committee be appointed.

Seconded and carried.

The chair appointed as such committee Dr. Patterson, C. J. Lord, and
D. B. Whipple.

The President: The next business before the meeting is the proposi-
tion to amend Section 5 of Article I. of the By-Laws, so that each new
member shall receive a full set of the Herd-Books free of charge. The
proposition was sent by Mr. I. C. Wade, of Jamestown, D. T. Mr. Wade
is not present.

Mr. Yeomans moved that the matter be laid upon the table.

Mr. Houghton: In deference to those whom I represent, I will say
that eight or nine of them speak very decidedly in favor of having the
complete set of Herd-Books furnished to new members. I simply state
that I have their proxies, and they request me to favor the matter.

Mr. Powell: Is it simply the books of the Holstein-Friesian Associa-
tion, or does it refer to the old association ?

Secretary Wales : I think the intention of the gentlemen was to
include all publications of the Association, and that includes the old Dutch-
Friesian and the old Holstein Herd-Books. As I understand Mr. Wade's
letter, that is what he intended to ask for.

The motion of Mr. Yeomans that the proposed amendment be laid upon
the table, was seconded and carried.

The President: The next subject before the meeting is a proposition
to amend Section 8 of Article IV. of the By-Laws so as to read: " Upon
application to the Secretary by members of this Association for the inspec-
tion of imported animals, and having deposited with the Secretary a suffi-
cient amount to cover the fees and expenses of the nearest Inspector, the
Secretary shall then order such inspection; the registry fee shall be the
same as is made and provided for home-bred animals."

It was moved that the matter be laid upon the table.

Mr. E. A. Powell : I think it is due to Mr. Lord, who proposed this
amendment, that he be permitted to give his reasons for proposing it, Mr.
Lord being out on committee work.

The motion to lay the proposed amendment upon the table was with-
drawn for the present.

ISS**-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 15

Mr. M. L. Sweet: Mr. President, at the annual meeting of the Hol-
stein-Friesian Association of Michigan, I was instructed to offer a resolu-
tion at this meeting to have the membership fees reduced from $100.00 to
$25.00, and on my arrival home, I sent it to Mr. Wales, who received the
notice too late to include in his notice of this meeting, and there can he
no action taken upon it this year, but I wish to bring the matter to the
attention of the Association.

The President: The next subject for consideration is the matter of
appropriation for special premiums. Mr. Wales, anticipating requests for
special premiums, included the necessary notice in his notice of this
meeting.

Mr. E. A. Powell: Mr. President, we have heretofore each season
made an appropriation for a certain amount to be placed in the hands of
the Board, to be offered at their discretion for special premiums, in order to
induce exhibitions of the best class of stock, and in order to stimulate a
general interest in the breed, and I think it has been money well expended.
I believe no money has been used that has reflected greater benefit upon
the Association than this. During the coming season there are to be a
number of exhibitions where it is very important indeed that this breed
of cattle should come to the front, and I therefore move that $4,000.00 be
put into the hands of the Board of Officers, to be used at their discretion
during the coming year for premiums to be paid for exhibitions of stock,
etc., as they shall deem best, the sum not to exceed $4,000.00. Of course
it is not necessary that that amount should be used.

Motion seconded.

Mr. Yeomans: Would it not be well for some gentleman who is posted
upon the subject to state something in reference to the Ohio Centennial of
this year, so that before we vote upon the question we may be advised of
the fact.

The President: The chair would state for the information of the
Association, that last year $2,000.00 was appropriated, of which a little over
$1,800.00 was used. Perhaps Mr. Powell, or Mr. Miller, or Mr. Wales can
give us further information.

Mr. Miller: Mr. Wales has given me all the information I have,
which is very limited. I think he knows much more about it than I do.

Mr. Wales: I will state, Mr. President, that I was written to by Mr.
L. N. Bonham, Secretary of the proposed Centennial Exhibition to be held
in September and October of the present year at Columbus, Ohio, asking
that our Association appropriate moneys to be offered there as special
premiums for Holstein-Friesian cattle and their products. I replied to him
that I thought we would like to do something in that way, as I considered
Ohio was a good place to exhibit our cattle, and that we could make a very
good showing there. They agreed to give us every facility. They intend

16 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

to erect special buildings for dairy cattle. I think tests of three or four
weeks will be made of the different dairy breeds, and I thought it would be
a good place to show what we could do. I wrote Mr. Bonhamthat I would
present the matter to the Board, and I did so by letter, asking the Board
to give me authority to promise Secretary Bonham the unexpended $800.00
from last year's appropriation; and the Board voted unanimously to do so.
I therefore informed Secretary Bonham that he could have this money, and
the special premiums were arranged by Mr. C. W. Horr and mypelf, as
authorized by the Board. Having only $800.00 to use, and there being
some very important prizes to be offered, Mr. Horr and myself agreed that
we would ask the Association for a liberal appropriation the present year,
in order to enable us to offer further premiums than we have already
offered. The tests for milk and butter, as I understand, are to extend over
thirty days. The premium lists are not yet printed, and I gather this from
the letters of Mr. Bonham.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I would suggest that the premiums are not
given alone for butter. I think we are overlooking other very important
features and characteristics of our breed in which they undoubtedly excel.
The President: The motion is that $4,000.00 be placed in the hands
of the Board of Officers to be used in their discretion. It does not confine
it to butter, or milk, or anything else.

The motion of Mr. Powell was put to a vote, and carried.

Mr. Isaac C. Otis: It has been customary to divide this money, or to
duplicate premiums in the states. I move that the committee in charge
be directed to take into consideration the prominent fairs in Canada. It
will stimulate the breeders there.

Motion seconded.

Mr. Yeomans: Do I understand that Mr. Otis simply makes this as a
recommendation to the Board of Officers ?

Mr. Otis: Certainly.

Motion to include Canadian Fairs was carried.

Mr. M L. Sweet: I wish to bring up a matter for the consideration
of the members. I have here a report on feeding from our agricultural
college; also President Johnson's report on agriculture — his letter to me.
I have not had time to read it or to look over these papers before I left
home. My clerk sent me the papers, and I have run over the letter hastily,
and I see nothing out of the way in it at all. I will present the report to
the Secretary, so that he may read what transpired there in regard to feed,
ing those cattle.

Mr. Horr moved that the reading of the report referred to be dispensed
with, and that the Secretary be instructed to include in the report of this
meeting such portions of it as he considers best.

Seconded and carried.

1888.J HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 17

Mr. E. A. Powell: There is one other matter that properly comes up
at this time; I am in possession of a letter sent to me by Dr. Collier, the
superintendent of the experimental station at Geneva, N. Y. It should
have gone to Mr. Singerly, but for some reason it was sent to me, and I will
therefore take the liberty of presenting it to the Association. It is rather
an important matter, and I think you will all agree with me that it is well
to give it due consideration. Dr. Collier is the new director of the experi-
mental station at Geneva, N. Y. ; has just come into the charge of that
institution :

"Geneva, N. Y., March 1st, 1888.

" My Dear Sir: Upon assuming the directorship of this station, it has ap-
peared to me that there was a wide field for careful scientific investigation
which could not but prove of immense practical value to the agricultural
interests of the state, and especially the dairy interest, which I need not
inform you is of almost pre-eminent importance to our people.

" I beg leave to submit to your consideration the following points which
have occurred to me, and shall be happy to receive from you any sugges-
tions by way of criticism of the plan proposed, or of amplification of the
details of the proposed investigation.

" I shall be pleased, also, to have your suggestions as to how I may se-
cure most economically for the station the animals needed for the purpose of
such investigation and experiments, and any information which shall tend
to make the results of the highest value to the people of the state:

" First. At a public institution devoted to the advancement of agricul-
ture through experimentation, the stock should be representative animals of
the breed from which they are selected.

" Second. The dairy interest in New York State being the most important
branch of the stock industry, it should be the first to receive attention.

' ' Third. The average butter yield per cow in this state does not exceed
130 pounds per year, whereas it should not fall below 3U0 pounds. This
being true, the station can do no better service for the dairymen of the state
than to unite with them in working out the problems of feeding, individual
variations, and breed characteristics, with the allied subjects, which, when
better understood and practiced, shall help to raise the standard and bring
the yield up to double the present amount.

" Fourth. The breeds which should first be selected are the Holstein,
Jersey, Guernsey, Ayrshire, Short-horns, Devon, and one or two of the
Polled breeds.

' ' Fifth. In building up a herd to be used in experimental work, young
animals should be selected — animals under one year, or better, but a few
mouths old. By having young animals, under like feeding they can be
grown to maturity, making the conditions for all the same, so that experi-
ments with these animals would be much more valuable and conclusive
than if their earlier feeding and environments had been widely different.

18 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ' [March,

' ' Sixth The yearly growth of the animals under like conditions and
feeding, and the amount of food consumed for the several breeds in propor-
tion to their live weight, is of value and importance to the dairymen, and
would form a part of the trial.

"Seventh. At least four animals of each breed should be had — two
heifers and two steers. The two heifers from each breed would be the
beginning for a herd, finally enabling us to study the breed characteristics
in the production of milk and butter. Two steers from each breed, fed and
grown to maturity and fattened, would show much as to the relative values
of the dairy breeds for beef.

" Eighth. The question of which is the more profitable for the dairy, a
small cow or a large one, is of much importance, and what place is better
fitted to investigate this subject than an experiment station ?

" Ninth. Whether with two foods of similar composition both will affect
equally the milk and butter yield, or whether one will tend more to the
production of body fat and less to an increase of the milk.-

" Tenth. The influence of the various grains fed separately and combined
in rations, and to what extent the chemical and physical properties of but-
ter are influenced by different foods.

" I have but briefly indicated the general scope of the proposed investiga-
tion, but I cannot but think it will meet your entire approval and receive
your co-operation, and that of your associates, in this important branch of
our agricultural industry. Sincerely yours,

"Peter Collier,

' ' Director. ' '

Mr. Powell: I will say that the scope of the experiments is broad; it
takes in nearly everything — or is intended to take in everything — -for which
a breed of cattle is used. It seems to me that we have a breed of cattle
that is better adapted to make a fine showing in that respect than any
other. I also feel that experiments in this line will be of greater value
than almost any others that can be made with any breed of cattle. This
matter has been brought to our attention before it has been acted upon by
any of the other associations, and it seems to me that prompt and favorable
action on the part of this body would tend to place us before that institu-
tion in a favorable light, showing our hearty co-operation, and we would
not fail to get a fair and just, and it seems to me a valuable, report, which
would be to the advantage of our breed, providing we can furnish the right
animals. The important thing to bs considered is the kind of animals we
shall furnish. He does not ask us to contribute any animals, but he asks
us in what manner animals may be obtained by the experimental station
at the least possible expense. If it is left for those gentleman to purchase
their own cattle, I am afraid they will not purchase as judiciously as it is
lor the interest of this Association to have it done, and it seems to me
proper to refer this matter to the Board of Officers, to make such selection
of animals as they deem best; for instance, two animals for beef purposes,

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 19

adapted to that particular purpose, and instead of two females, I would sug-
gest four, and let the proposition be made with the understanding that we
comply with this. We make a report to them that we will furnish four
females aud two males, providing any four other breeds of those men-
tioned by him will do the same. That would be my idea of making the
report.

Mr. Miller. I would heartily endorse all that Mr. Powell has said,
but I would suggest that if we confine the number to four females it would
make the herd so large at the experimental station that the experiments
will not be as thorough as though the number were smaller. If they have
five or six breeds, and take six animals of each, it will make a pretty large
herd to experiment with. I think I would leave the matter of numbers to
the Board of Control of the experiment stations.

Mr. Powell: You will notice he says that he wants these heifers for
the purpose of nucleus. If that is his idea, he will not object to taking
four animals to start with. If he has four intstead of two, he will be so
much further advanced, and my idea is that it is risky to stake the
repxitation of any breed of animals on one or two animals selected as calves.
Any man who has experience in the matter sees the danger of risking the
reputation of even a family on one or two calves. By selecting four it gives
us a better opportunity than if we only select two.

Mr. Miller: As a breeder of Holsteins, I agree with Mr. Powell en-
tirely, but as a member of the Board of Control of the experiment station,
I would say that the expense of such a trial would be considerable. It is
hard for us to get all the appropriation from the state that we now need,
and for that reason I think it would be more practicable if the number is
confined to two steers and two females.

Mr. Powell: The proposition that we make establishes them a pre-
cedent of having these animals furnished without any expense to the sta-
tion, which evidently in his report he does not expect. My idea is that we
establish the precedent of furnishing them without charge, and while it is
not absolutely imperative, I should insist pretty strongly on having four
representatives .

Mr. Miller: I would add to Mr. Powell's motion that we make an
appropriation to the Board of Officers to draw upon the Treasurer for, say
$2,000.00.

Mr. Powell: My idea is that we should leave it to the Board of Offi-
cers to draw what in their judgment is necessary.

The President: The chair would state that in the St. Louis Ex-
perimental Station, or at the Agricultural College of Missouri, who sent
us two or three communications with a great flourish of trumpets as to
what the different breeds of cattle were going to do, that when they found
the Holstein-Friesian Association were ready, and our calves were ready
for delivery, all the others backed out, and I think you will have about the
same experience here.

20 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Yeomans: I think the interest of the Association would be better
served to have the number not less than four, and, perhaps, if the Board
of Officers have charge, they might say four, more or less, and I would
suggest that if there are no competitors there, it would be almost folly to
send animals and have to pay for them ; but if there are two or more breeds
willing to come in as competitors — not necessarily four, but two or more —
I would favor it.

The President: As the chair understands the motion of Mr. Powell,
and the remarks which have followed it, the question before us is that the
Association is ready to enter into competition with any other breeds that
may be sent there. Are you ready for the question ?

The question was called for, and carried as stated by the President.

Mr. Huidekoper: Mr. President, I desire to call the attention of the
gentlemen present to the matter of bulls. We all know that there are a
great many cheap bulls put upon the market — a great many bulls that are
not fit to be used as bulls. While this matter is not advertised in the call
of the meeting, it strikes me as being a subject that may be discussed to
advantage. I understand the Hereford Association requires breeders to
send in their list of bull calves for registry, and the breeders may strike out
a percentage of those bulls — I forget whether it is ten per cent or twenty
per cent; whether it is one bull in ten or one bull in twenty. If the owner
of those bulls does not strike out one bull in ten, the Secretary strikes out
one in ten, and only records nine in ten. It seems to me if we could devise
some satisfactory means of culling our bulls it would be an advantage to
the breed, although I do not quite see how it can be done satisfactorily.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I would like to hear the ideas of our President
upon the subject.

President Singeely: I think the registry last year was 4,000 bulls
and about 6,000 heifers; about that proportion. Now, there is not a mem-
ber of this Association who does not know that the ratio of registered bulls
to that of registered calves and heifers is out of all proportion to the use or
the services required, or the necessity of that service. I attempted to bring
this matter up two years ago before this Association. We ought to have
some rule adopted in regard to the registration of bulls. It is not the mere
fact that a bull is descended from a registered sire and dam, but for the
purpose of the improvement of the breed, and for the general benefit of
the Association. If some rule was adopted after the manner of the stand-
ard registry of trotting-horses, that is, that no bull calf should be registered
except from a dam eligible to the advanced registry list, or from a dam
producing a certain amount of milk a year, which would entitle her to the
advanced registry list, and even that, I do not believe, will last us more
than a year or two, for the reason that on account of the development of
the cows, I think that in the next two or three years practically all of those

188S.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 21

of which any care at all has been taken in the breeding will be eligible to
the advanced registry list. I say if some such rule as this was adopted, it
would be the right thing to do. I would like to hear from any gentleman
who is opposed to it; I can conceive of no reason, either as regards advan-
tage to the individual breeder or the advantage of the Association, why we
should not cut down the registry of bulls seventy-five per cent. I think
instead of registering four thousand bulls this year, it would be better for
every one present to have registered one thousand.

Mr. Hour: It seems to me that it is very fortunate that our President
has introduced this subject before the Board, because there are a good many
present, and I presume that among us we can devise something between
this and next year. At the same time, if we do hit upon a plan that gives
substantial help, we will be the first to do it. The real trouble is that
nature is against us. A dam can have one, or at the very most two calves
in a year; while the sire can get fifty or one hundred, and there has been
only one relief found, and that has been the knife. We hear of no trouble
among the fast horses of the country. People have come to see that it is
not advisable to leave their colts for stallions unless they are wonderfully
well bred, and so they castrate them; and castration is the simple solution
of this matter finally. Whether we can enforce castration or not by some
rule remains to be seen.

The President: We cannot enforce it, but we can turn around and
enforce rules of registration.

Mr. Horr: I should be very much in favor of that, but there would be
a great deal of objection. As I understand it, there are not perhaps more
than twelve, or twenty firms at the out side, represented in our registration
books, unless you go back to the Dutch-Friesian. The great bulk of the
owners and breeders of Holsteins have not a single animal recorded in
the advanced registration, and therefore they will have to have their knives
well sharpened or else we would force them to registration. How is eligi-
bility ascertained except by the inspection and the proper certificates? And
they would have to go through precisely the same form to establish the fact
of eligibility; and having to incur the expense, they would presumably
take their certificates. Now, I am not talking in this strain because I am
not in favor of it; I am in favor of as rigid a plan as can be devised which
will be just and equitable.

Mr. Htjidekoper: I move that a committe be appointed to present to
this association at the next meeting plans with this object in view.

Mr. Horr: Will you not add to that, and serve the proper notice.

Mr. Htjidekoper: That is covered as a matter of inference.

Mr. G. D. Wheeler: I move that that committee consist of the Board
of Officers.

Motion seconded and carried.

22 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The Pbesident: The question before us is that the matter of the
registration of bull calves be referred to the Board of Officers, they to report
at the next meeting.

Question put as stated, and carried.

Mr. Stevens, Chairman of the Committee on Proxies, made the following
report: That Smiths, Powell & Lamb are entitled to 61 proxies; S. Hoxie,
2 proxies; H. Langworthy, 14 proxies; S. Burchard, 14 proxies; George D.
Wheeler, 1 proxy; J. L. Stone, 2 proxies; Jere Allis, 2 proxies; T. G. Yeo-
mans, 4 proxies; C. W. Horr, 3 proxies; C. J. Lord, 1 proxy; W. M. Lig-
gett, 4 proxies; S. N. Wright, 3 proxies; W. G. Powell, 3 proxies; F. C.
Stevens, 1 proxy; F. L. Houghton, 18 proxies; Thomas B. Wales, 44 prox-
ies; M. L. Sweet, 12 proxies. Total, 189.

On motion of Mr. Miller, the report of the Committee on Proxies was
accepted and placed upon the minutes.

The President: The next thing in order is the election of officers.
We have to elect a President, First, Second, Third, and Fourth Vice-Presi-
dents, Treasurer, three Directors for two years, Secretary and Editor, and
Superintendent of Advanced Eegistry. The unwritten law of the associa-
tion is that the President is only elected for one year.

Nominations for President are now in order.

Mr. HORR: I have the very great pleasure of nominating my friend
from Michigan, Mr. M. L. Sweet, as candidate for President of our Associa-
tion for the ensuing year.

Upon Motion of Mr. Liggett, the nominations for President were declared
closed.

Mr. Yeomans: I move that in this, as well as the subsequent elections,
where there is only one candidate named, that the Secretary be authorized
to cast the ballot of the Association for that candidate. Motion seconded
and carried.

The Secretary cast the ballot of the Association as directed, and Mr.
Sweet was declared elected.

Mr. Yeomans presented the name of Mr. Edgar Huidekoper, of Mead-
ville, Penn., for First Vice-President.

There being no further nominations for the office of First Vice-President,
the Secretary cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Huidekoper for that
office, and he was declared elected.

Mr. Langworthy presented the name of Eugene Smith, of Nashville,
Tenn., for the office of Second Vice-President of the Association for the en-
suing year.

1888.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 23

There being no further nominations for the office of Second Vice-Presi-
dent, the Secretary cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Smith for that
office, and he was declared elected.

Mr. William Brown Smith presented the name of Mr. F. L. Houghton,
of Putney, Vt., for the office of Third Vice-President for the ensuing year.

There being no farther nominations for the office of Third Vice-President,
the Secretary cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Houghton for that
office, and he was declared elected.

Mr. Burrell presented the name of Mr. William M. Liggett, of Benson,
Minn., for the office of Fourth Vice-President for the ensuing year.

There being no further nominations for the office of Fourth Vice-Presi-
dent, the Secretary cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Liggett for that
office, and he was declared elected.

Mr. Burchard presented the name of William Brown Smith, of Syracuse,
N. Y., for the office of Treasurer for the ensuing year.

There being no further nominations for the office of Treasurer, the Secre-
tary cast the ballot of the Association for Mr. Smith for that office, and he
was declared elected.

Mr. E. A. Powell presented the name of Mr. William M. Singerly, of
Philadelphia, Penn. , for the office of Director for two years.

First Vice-President Gerritt S. Miller took the chair, and declared that
there being no further nominations to the office of Director for two years,
the Secretary was authorized to cast the ballot of the Association for Mr.
Singerly for that office.

Mr. Singerly was declared elected.

President Singerly resumed the chair.

Mr. L. T. Yeomans presented the name of Mr. W. G. Powell for the
office of Director for two years.

There being no further nominations for this office, the Secretary cast the
ballot of the Association for Mr. Powell, and he was declared elected.

Mr. Huidekoper presented the name of Mr. Gerritt S. Miller as a Direc-
tor of the Association for two years.

Mr. Horr presented the name of T. G. Yeomans for the same office.

There being no further nominations for this office, the meeting proceeded
to the election by ballot.

Mr. Isaac C. Otis and Mr. Dudley Miller were appointed tellers by the
chair, and reported that a total of 198 votes had been cast, of which Mr.
Yeomans received 146 and Mr. Miller 52.

24 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Miller moved that the election of Mr. Yeomans be declared unani-
mous. Motion seconded and carried, and Mr. Yeomans was declared
elected.

Mr. D. H. Burrell was nominated as a Director of the Association for
two years.

There being no further nominations for this office, the Secretary cast the
ballot of the Association for Mr. Burrell, and he was declard elected.

Mr. W. G. Powell presented the name of Mr. Thomas B. Wales, of Iowa
City, Iowa, for the office of Secretary and Editor of this Association for the
ensuing year.

There being no further nominations for this office, Mr. Wales was de-
clared elected.

Mr. Huidekoper presented the name of Mr. S. Hoxie for the office of
Superintendent of Advanced Kegistry.

There being no further nominations for this office, the Secretary cast the
ballot of the Association for Mr. Hoxie, and he was declared elected.

Mr. Stevens: Mr. President, I desire to call the attention of the
members of the Association to the fact that there has been a new organiza-
tion formed in this city for the purpose of getting up an exposition in Sep-
tember next, from the 4th to the 14th. Half a million dollars has already
been subscribed, and they desire to have the co-operation of all breeders of
live-stock and of all the different interests that we represent. We would
like to have all members of this Association, and all other similar associa-
tions, join us in making this a success, and we would be very happy to
receive contributions to the capital stock, so as to make it extend all over
the country. We ask this for the purpose of insuring success, and that the
interest may be wide-spred. We would also like this Association to furnish
to the' Secretary, Mr. C. W. Robinson, who is present, the names of some
parties who are considered competent judges of Holstein stock. We would
also ask breeders representing other cattle to do the same. We would also
like to receive suggestions from other parties who have exhibited cattle
heretofore as to the best manner of building sheds, etc., for the cattle. We
would also like this Association to remember us in the distribution of
special prizes, and we would ask that they duplicate the prizes where Hol-
stein stock comes in competition with other breeds. We intend to make a
butter and milk test that will be different from any previous one. We
would like a committee to formulate these premiums and make it a success.
We have here a cut of the building of which the plans are already drawn.
It will be the largest building of the kind in the country. Now, I would
like to have Mr. Robinson make aqy statements in reference to the matter
that he may desire.

Mr. Robinson: Mr. President and gentlemen, I do not know that I
have anything to add to what Mr. Stevens has said. I will simply state

1888.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 25

that the object of this fair is to give the most liberal premiums that have
ever been given for live-stock — that is, where they have considered all dif-
ferent classes together. You can easily ascertain who its incorporators are
if you so desire. The money has been put up. We would be glad to have
you take stock in it if you would, not but that the stock has already been
taken, and those who have it are willing to retain it, but we feel the im-
portance of having such representative men as form this Association
interested in it, so that if any one does desire to take any of the stock,
whether a small amount or large, they may do so, although the stock is all
taken.

Now, the incorporators of this institution are moneyed men, and are in
favor of the advancement of the breeding interests of the country and the
industrial interests generally, and they propose to put up larger amounts
of money than have ever been put up, and to hold out what they think are
better inducements than have heretofore been extended, and they desire
the hearty co-operation of this Association.

Mr. E. A. Powell: If there are no further suggestions or discussion of
the subject, I move that the chair appoint a committee of five to take into
consideration this matter of recommending a list of names from which the
different associations can select judges to pass upon this breed of cattle.

I move that such a committee of five be appointed to report at a later
session of the meeting.

Motion seconded and cai-ried.

The President: Mr. C. J. Lord has given notice that he will bring
before the meeting a motion to amend Section 8 of Article IV. of the By-
Laws. The chair would state for the information of the Association, that
the object of the amendment is to do away with the present fee of $25.00
attached to imported animals.

Mr. C. J. Lord: My object in presenting this question before the Asso-
ciation was that at the present time there seems to be no money made in
the importation of cattle from Holland to this country. The prices have
fallen here below those to which these cattle would come if imported and
brought over as a matter of business or as a matter of speculation, to take
them as a general importation. The only possible object that I can see in
importing animals to this country now would be representatives of some
particular family that a breeder or importer might own and desired to get
more of the same family that were still left in Holland ; and as I said before,
it being a fact that it is almost impossible to import them as a matter of
speculation, it seems to me it would be better to reduce this fee, and make
the fee the same as that made and provided for home-bred animals, and
give the person who desired to import these few animals the advantage of
importing them at such fees. It is a matter that I am not particularly
interested in myself, but it would seem to me that it would be better for

26 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

the Association to encourage the bringing of a few superior animals. And
certainly if the family is not a superior one, they would not desire to add
any more animals to it of that family, and it would seem to me that rather
than keep them from importing these animals by a $25.00 registry fee, it
would be better to lower the fee and thus encourage the importation.

Mr. Horr: Mr. President, with due respect to Mr. Lord, I move that
this matter be laid upon the table. We have voted upon this subject every
time that I have been present, and I believe that there is almost a unanimity
upon the subject, and that it is not necessary to occupy the time of the
Association in discussing it. It seems to me to be a very plain proposition,
that, since for three years we have made importers pay $25.00, we do not
now want to change the rule.

Mr. Horr's motion to lay the matter upon the table was seconded and
carried.

Mr. W. G. Powell moved that when the meeting adjourn, it adjourn
to meet in Buffalo next year, the third Wednesday in March.

Mr. Liggett moved to amend by naming New York City in place ol
Buffalo.

The nominations for places being closed, a viva voce vote was taken, which
resulted in the selection of New York City as the place of the next meeting.

The chair announced as the committee of five provided for in Mr.
Powell's resolution in connection with the fairs, Messrs. E. A. Powell, H.
Langworthy, Jere Allis, C. W. Horr, and M. L. Sweet.

Upon motion, a recess was taken until 2 o'clock p. M,

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The President called the meeting to order, and announced that Professor
I. P. Roberts, of Ithaca, N. Y., would read his paper on —

THE PRODUCTS OF THE DAIRY COW.

Why should the husbandman keep dairy cattle for the production ot
food for man, when plants of innumerable varieties and kinds furnish all
the life-sustaining elements in much simpler and more inexpensive forms?
We raised 72,000,000 acres of corn for 63,000,000 of inhabitants, or twenty-
three bushels of corn for every man, woman, and child in the United States.
The noted German investigator, Dr. L. Landois, gives the following as a
daily ration for a man at moderate work:

1588.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 27

Albuminoids 4.6 ounces.

■ Carbhydrates 14.4 ounces.

Fats 3. ounces.

Salts 1. ouncj.

23. ounces dry matter.

This gives a nutritive ratio of 1:4.7.

Corn alone does not give a properly balanced ration; but if we mix
with a bushel of corn ten (10) pounds of cotton-seed meal we have, in the
required proportions of Albuminoids and carbhydrates, forty-three (43)
daily rations for a grown man. This gives a basis for computation. To
feed our 63,000,000 of people one year would require 534,760,000 bushels of
corn and 2,673,800 tons of cotton-seed meal.

Deducting the corn consumed from last year's crop, we have a surplus of
921,400,000 bushels. Suppose 7,500,000 horses and mules are necessary for
the production of the corn and cotton, and suppose we feed each one a peck
of corn per day, there would still be left 231.000,000 bushels of corn.

We raise 6,300,000 bales of cotton or 2,835,000.000 pounds. For every
pound of cotton raised we must raise two pounds of seed, and as the cotton-
seed meal that can be produced is but 7-20 of the seed used in its produc-
tion, we have in round numbers 1.000,000 tons of cotton-seed meal; this is
not enough, and in order to supply the de ficiency the 231,000,000 bushels of
surplus corn may be traded for 60,000,000 bushels of beans, and these added
to the cotton-seed meal furnishes the proper amount of food.

This corn, beans, and cotton-seed meal, if mixed and properly baked, will
make better bread than is attainable by 10,000 human beings in other
countries. Then why should not Americans use these cheap and abundant
foods? Why not dispense with our milk and honey, butter and cheese,
fruits and vegetables, and devote the larger share of our time to the ac-
quisition of knowledge, to recreation, and to enjoyment? Why all this toil
and expenditure of mental energy to make food dearer ? Is not the indul-
gence in aromatic and concentrated foods but yielding to vicious and de-
praved appetites ? These are fair questions although they may be new, and
if we cannot answer them, we have no excuse for our meeting here to-day;
neither have we any excuse for breeding dairy cattle, although they may be
unexcelled in the production of milk, butter, and cheese.

The use of cheap kinds of food such as are mentioned above may, under
stress of circumstances, be necessary for short periods, but when used for
generations, who can foretell the results on civilization ? ' ' The fall of
Egypt," says Buckle, " was due to an abundance of cheap food more than
to any other cause. " It is believed by close students that abundant un-
concentrated food led to the extinction on this continent of the people who
resided here long anterior to the advent of the Europeans.

History does not furnish a single instance of a nation rising to any degree
of civilization whose food was composed of a few unconcentrated vegetable
products. Not a single valuable variety or breed of domestic animals has
been developed or improved without improving their food?

28 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March

It is all well enough to talk of economy, and compute the amount of
nutrients in various foods, yet it is far more important that we ascertain
the quality and the power required to digest them.

Tell me the kinds of food a nation uses, and I will indicate the exact
point of civilization to which that nation has arrived. The worm, which
uses the same elements as man to sustain life, takes them direct from the
soil, unconcentrated and unman ufacbured. Its powers of instinct and reason
are so small that it is totally incapable of protecting itself from the early
bird.

Other classes of animals feed upon plants. These have advanced one
step in animal development simply because the quality of their food has
been improved.

Advance a step further, and we find carniverous animals. The fox that
has surrounded the spring chicken is quite as cunning as the African, and
the lion that lies down with the lamb — inside of him — is more courageous
than the Eskimo.

True, enlightened man eats of both the vegetable and animal kingdoms,
but he takes the first opportunity to so force and improve the grasses that
they shall direct all their final energies to the production of the highly con-
centrated seed. He so selects, and dungs, and grafts, and dwarfs the trees
of the forest that in time they bring not leaves alone, fit only for food for
the lower animals, but luscious digestible peaches and yellow appetizing
pippins.

He gathers the golden grain already twice concentrated, but he is not
content; so he feeds it to the waiting kine, and once more the elements of
life are worked over into juicy steaks. Still he is not satisfied; he would
make this food yet more perfect, so he calls to his aid the fire to improve
this thrice refined product in order that it may be meat indeed for man
made in the likeness of his creator.

With this improved diet man is now enabled to construct, invent, and
create. With this added knowledge he soon discovers that there is a still
higher class of food. Immediately he selects and breeds and feeds that
complex organism the cow, and lo! the land flows with milk — the per-
fect food.

He also finds that he may divide and improve for various uses this four-
fold rectified food, and lo! he has enchained a golden grain of butter that
has slipped down to him from the Gods on a sunbeam. And now you still
ask me why we breed and feed the dairy cow; why labor and toil to con-
centrate, rectify, improve, and develop the appetizing volatile oils and
aromas in the food which sustains our bodies ?

For your answer I bid you to a feast. Come with me to the wretched
home of the Indian. In his cold and cheerless wigwam, composed of poles
and skins of wild beasts, sit we down as guests of human beings less clean-
ly and less companionable than the brutes of the field. A single stolen
kettle contains the putrid entrails and carcass of some wild animal, gam-

1888-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 29

ished, perhaps, with a few kernels of maise and the bitter roots of some
wild plant of the wood. It cannot be denied that he lives most economic-
ally and with little toil and thought. His highest reach at improvement
is the bow and arrow. He could not originate or invent if he would. This
is the type of men which is produced by the use of a too primitive food.

And now I bid you to another feast. One of butter and milk, sugar,
luscious fruits, and beautiful flowers. And what effect have these dear and
concentrated foods upon the man who consumes them ? Immediately he
seizes upon all the forces of nature and binds them to his chariot wheels.
He calls upon the lightnings, and they carry his messages to the uttermost
parts of the earth. He harnesses the energy of the bowels of the earth, and
it transports him from land to land and from sea to sea. He speaks, and
dumb wheels and levers and cams record his thoughts and preserve them
for the use of untold millions. He talks, and flinty steel and iron hear and
remember, and years afterwards the child may listen to the father's kindly
words of wisdom, may hear the very tones and recognize the voice of one
whose body has long since returned to dust.

Isaiah prophecied that when Christ should come " He should eat butter
and honey, that he might know to refuse the evil and choose the good."

He who spends his energies in determining how to procure the greatest
amounts of nutrients for the least expenditure of mental and physical force
has only half learned how to live. But he who has learned to sustain the
body by foods which require the least amount of energy to transform them
into noble enduring thoughts and deeds and God-like aspirations has solved
the problem of how best to make them minister to our higher natures.

A pound of fat pork costs one-half or one-third as much as a pound of
butter; the pork is best utilized by vigorous exertion in the open air; but
the very exertion required to utilize it consumes its energy and leaves
little to sustain those organs which are brought into active use in mental
labor; butter, on the contrary, requires little expenditure of vital power to
convert it into heat and energy for the brain and nerves.

So our province as farmers is not so much to produce quantity as quality;
not so much to furnish physical force as brain energy.

Does the product of the cow furnish this energy in the most available
form ? H. Critchett Bartlett, an eminent authority on the digestion and
assimilation of fat in the human body, answers, " Whatever description of
fat may have been eaten, it must be so far transformed as to approach in
composition to that of butter, or the fat of milk which has passed through
the mammary glands. ' ' And this is the reason why butter is better food
for man than cotton-seed meal or tallow and lard; it " has passed through
the mammary glands." The tenderest infant partakes of milk, and without
visible exercise, transforms it most rapidly into healthy living tissue. As
the child grows older and requires food for thought, he eliminates the water
from the milk and has the concentrated products — butter and cheesy matter.
He adds to the skill of the manufacturer that of the chemist, and transforms

30 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March

the cheesy matter into a rich, digestible, nitrogeneous food. But in this
operation the sugar is lost; he seizes the tropical cane, wrings out the glis-
tening crystals, and his food is again perfected.

The author quoted above adds: "It may not be generally known that
butter is, to a certain extent, easily rendered soluble in water" by a process
similar to the action of the digestive fluids in the small intestine, while if
other fats are treated in like manner 95 per cent will be found to be in-
soluble and floating on the surface of the liquid; and "it is this peculiarity
that affords the distinctive difference between pure butter and the common
fats with which it may be adulterated."

If these things be so, and if I draw my conclusions logically, may we not
without egotism feel an honest pride in the improvement we have wrought
in a noble breed of dairy cattle, already good when we received them from
the dike-girt polders of the Netherlands. No people on the face of the
round globe are advancing so rapidly in knowledge, in the arts of peace,
and in all that goes to make up beautiful, happy, enlightened homes, and
secure their perpetuation, as the Americans; and no people consume so
much butter and sugar per capita.

Abraham, when he entertained the three angels, set before them butter
and milk; so I make no excuse for spreading before men food fit for angels
— butter of Holsteins, cheese of Friesians, and milk of Holstein-Friesians.

The President: The next address upon the programme is by Mr. C.
W. Horr, of Wellington, Ohio, subject —

FARMS AND FARM LIFE.

Mr. President, and Gentlemen of the Association : It is with very great
regret that I commence a few remarks, which I shall offer for your con-
sideration with an apology; but I have been so overwhelmed with business
since I received our Secretary's kind invitation to address you upon this
occasion, that it has been utterly impossible for me to reduce to writing
what I should say. So you must pardon me for talking extemporaneously,
and if the reporter will kindly afford me an opportunity to revise what I
shall say before its publication, I will give it such grammatical and rhe-
torical revision as it may require.

We hear in the United States a great deal said about the dignity of
labor. Newspapers are full of it, political speakers particularly so, and
yet, when you get right down to the very bottom of the American heart,
labor — and I mean work with the hands — is regarded as ignoble, and is
practically so regarded. How many gentlemen who are now listening to me,
and who are, as probably most of you are, fathers of sons, are planning to
make real good farmers of your boys ? If you have a boy who is especially
bright, with what pleasure do you listen to his little declamations. If he
writes an essay which is well expressed, you forthwith say, " there is a boy
of whom 1 can make a lawyer;" if piously inclined, possibly a minister, or
perhaps you will say a physician. If he seems to be a fellow who has a
business turn, but not very fond of books, you will make a merchant of

1888-1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 31

him, or perhaps a railroad man will enter your vision. But who of you
would think of saying, ' ' I have a boy who is so bright and so full of energy
and thoroughness that I can .make a successful farmer of him '? This other
boy, who does not seem to do anything well, who has perhaps got barely a
gift of gab, why that fellow would not make a good farmer, I will have to
let him be a doctor or a lawyer, or, perhaps, a minister?" Did you ever
hear of such a sentiment in your life? When we speak of the dignity of
labor and the farmer's calling, most of us mean that we would like to have
our neighbor's boy be a good farmer, and our own boy a good professional
man. "Ah," says the proud father, "I am going to educate my boy. I
am going to save him from the hardship and labor that I have had to
endure, and put him in a position where he can get his living without
labor."

Now, the birds of the air practically get their living without work;
the fish of the sea do not have to labor in order to live; the beasts of the
field may get a very comfortable living without daily labor. Mankind
cannot do this; and yet do you claim that the Heavenly Father in creating
us has put us at a disadvantage, and has given every bird that wings its
way through the air, and every fish that swims in the sea, and every beast
that roams through the forest an advantage over the human family ? I say
no. And I want to preface what I have to say about farms and farm life
with the assertion that labor is not a curse. We have no occasion to shed
tears because we have to get our living by the sweat of our brow. If I
were called upon at this moment, without reflection, to describe the most
unhappy creature upon the face of the earth, I should instantly describe it
to be the person who has nothing to do with brain, with hand, or with
heart. Supposing there should come a Vanderbilt here who should say to
you gentlemen, '" I want to hire every one of you for $20,000.00 a year."
"Is it very laborious ? " " Not at all; but I want to hire you, and I will
pay you $20,000.00 a year." "What for?" "I want to hire you ten
hours a day to go out and sit where you can see nothing but waste and look
at a post, that is all. For one year I want you to sit down and look at a
post — $20,000.00." Is there a man who would accept that situation?
No; there is not a man who knows enough to buy Holstein-Friesians who
would not know enough to reject that offer. No man who is worthy of
being called such could live through a year sitting in absolute idleness,
doing nothing, and getting $20,000.00 for it. Now, if I was asked to
describe the most fortunate man on the face of the earth, it would be the
man who has the most complete opportunities for the use of his brain;
opportunities best adapted to his peculiar mind, who is surrounded by the
best, the most loving, and the most intelligent family, and who has the
most to do, providing it was not too much. To tell us that God has made
us with these fingers, and this wonderful thumb-arrangement so that we
can handle tools, wield axes and hoes and spades, and then that it is a
misfortune that this work had to be done, is to accuse providence itself of
the very grossest lack of wisdom. To tell me that there is any more dignity

32 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

in sitting down in your office and listening to the testimony in a divorce suit,
and then going into court for the purpose of separating that man from that
woman than there is in going upon a farm and clearing it up and develop-
ing it, is asking me to believe one of the most absurd things that a man
ever listened to.

The first thing that I want to do is to try and get those who hear me to
go home and think that it would be a nice thing if you happen to have a
boy who knows enough so that you can, with reasonable expectation of
success, make a farmer of him. If you have one boy in your family who
you are afraid is not going to amount to much, make a lawyer of him; or if
you are so pious that you could not conscientiously do that, make a preacher
of him. It is not as difficult to point the way to heaven as it is to take
hold of a farm and do justice by it. If you have another boy who has
but little brain, and no very large amount of muscle, who you really do
not know what to do with, you go then into your village, and go to the dry
goods merchant and say, "here is a fellow who looks first rate; he is not
very bright, but I think he could measure calico and ribbons and silks, and
sell them to your customers very successfully." That would be my recom-
mendation.

Then let us believe in farming as a decent, respectable business. That
is the first proposition that I would lay down. Now, then, if a man is
going to be a farmer, I would first suggest to him that he have a plan and
a purpose, and before he makes his investment in the farm, he sits down
like a business man and enters into an account as to what he can probably
do with it. "I am going to take this farm; it is going to cost me, say, $10,-
000.00; I am going to use it, finally, when I have developed it, for the fol-
lowing purposes." And after an examination of its possibilities, he makes
up his account to see whether he can "get there " or not — whether he can
make it pay. Did you ever stop to think that there is no other business
but farming where such incompetents could even live ? Bankruptcy would
follow every single person who engaged in any commercial business who put
no more thoroughness and no more skill into it than does the average farmer.
Competition compels the merchant and the manufacturer to the very utter-
most effort and to the very best methods. His success depends almost
wholly upon his skill. Not so with the farmer. He is in partnership with
nature. The grass grows spontaneously. The results of his efforts depends
upon the rains of heaven, the rays of sunshine, and the productiveness of
the soil, and, of course, in another aspect of it, upon his judgment and
thoroughness. " But," says some friend, "you mean to say that you do
not pity the farmer for having to work so many hours ? ' ' Yes, I do, in a
certain sense, some of them; but if I stood up before all the farmers in the
world, and could say but one thing, it would not be "my dear, overworked
agriculturists, I am sorry you have to work so much." I have known
more men who did not work ten hours a day, but who ought to have done so
in justice to their farms, than I have of men who have worked fifteen or

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 33

sixteen hours a clay when they ought not to. I have known more men
who violated God's laws by not working all the six days of the week than
I have who violated the Sabbath, and yet when this subject is talked of
at all, it is by some poor, timid person who is afraid the Sabbath is going
to be used as a day of labor, and who is afraid the laboring men are work-
ing too many hours. Are you going to sit down in the legislative halls
and by law fix the number of hours that the loving father and husband
may work for his wife and his children and his own future. Is that to be
measured by law? Is the strength and enduraace of each arm to be
measured by a rule that is passed in congress ?

Now, I say, I have just the profoundest admiration for a young man
who has only a few hundred dollars to make his first payment who will
go about quietly and carefully and sensibly and hunt up a farm that he can
buy on credit, except his first payment; who will then find a good, honest
American girl — I do not care whether she is very handsome or not, if she
is only very good and sensible and loves the young man, and who has got
the sense and courage to lead her to the altar, and then go on to that farm,
not to labor at first eight hours a day or ten hours a day, but to labor for
himself, for his wife, and for the children who will probably come to them;
as many hours as God gives him strength and endurance to labor; who will
take that farm and look it over from the north to the south, and from the
east to the west, will find where a ditch is needed, where there is a swamp
that must be drained, where there is cumbering brush and undergrowth,
where weeds need to be plucked out, who will find every field that has been
impoverished by unskilful husbandry, and attend to that, who will say to
his wife as he sits down by her side at night, " there is an awful job here,
wife, but if I live five years from this day, there shall not be a square rod
of land on this farm but what will bloom and blossom with productive
vegetation. We have got this debt on us; we cannot go into society very
much, and we must dress plainly, as our grand parents did, but we will
have enough to eat, and every bit of it will be sweetened by hope that the
mortgage will be lifted, and we will have a few books and newspapers and
magazines, because we must not become intellectually sluggish, but the
principle business of our life shall be to pay for this farm, to develop and
pay for it; and when it is paid for, then our next business shall be to beautify
it and to make it a beautiful home, with good, comfortable buildings, with
flowers outside and in ; and then, best of all, my dear, we will be a happy
family. ' '

Now, isn't that a decent life V Ts there anything discouraging about
that ? But how many young men contemplate the purchase of a farm with
that degree of seriousness and with that degree of method that I have
recommended ? How many young men there are who as they look at their
future think that the farm is the last thing that they want. The picture I
present to you is one, it seems to me, should be attractive to nine-tenths of
the men of this country. Did you ever stop to think that we can have so
many lawyers and so many doctors ? Most people have got to get their
living by work ; that is a law of life and nature.
3

34 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Having purchased his farm and got his plans laid out sensibly, is he going
to raise Holsteins ? If so, he must go at it methodically to select from the
best stock he can get, and take the best care, that he may grow up the best
herd of Holsteins that will be creditable. If it is to be a grain-farm, he
masters the science of grain-raising, the theory and practice of it, and with
the utmost thoroughness he goes ahead to do his business. The next thing
I would say to that man would be, promise to do everything when it ought
to be done. Have that degree of foresight that amounts almost to genius
in this world, so that you will always get there, not like the slack man,
but just at the right time, with all your work, so that it will be done when
it ought to be. The difference between the thorough farmer and the other
is, that one is always just behind and the other is always right on time.
After he has got a proper plan, then, clear cut, in his head of what he wants
to do, there must be promptness, and then I should say, thoroughness after
promptness. "What do I mean by that ? I mean doing everything in the
best and most thorough way. I was born upon a farm, and lived and
worked upon one of them. When I became a young man, I had but little
to do with farms for some years, and after that I had much to do with the
handling of milk from a good many hundred farmers, and for the past
several years I have been engaged a good deal in practical farming, with
hired help, and it is astonishing what little assistance I can get on practical
questions from a farmer. To illustrate, I ask them how shall I put on my
manure, and I will get nearly as many answers as I ask men. There is no
agreement about it. I ask the amount of wheat I shall sow, and I never
asked a farmer one of those questions that I did not get an answer. But
there is no agreement among them, and I find that back of their opinions
there has been nothing but a little empirical practice. Each one of them
has watched two or three crops of his own, and probably has taken from
his father the method he has pursued, and has never scientifically investi-
gated it at all.

In reference to fertilizers, one will be a great believer in bone, another in
ashes, another in manure, and so on, and when I come to ask the question,
what kind of fertilizer do I want for this muck, what do I want for this
clayey soil, I get no practical answer from the farmers. These questions
have not been thoroughly investigated by them. What I want is thorough-
ness; not only in execution, but thoroughness in the acquisition of informa-
tion and knowledge which is so greatly needed to guide the farmer.

Now, I desire to say something in reference to home life. Contrast the
farmer's life with the life of a man in business in a city. Go to New York
and sit down quietly where you can watch those who pass by, and I declare
there is very much in favor of the farmer's life, and I am not so bucolic as
some people. I would not like to live where I would always hear the whip-
or-will and never the whistle of the trains. I am not so devoted to nature
as to always want to listen to the songs of the birds in the trees, and always
be looking at the flowers in the fields; but I say there is very much to com-

1888.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 35

pensate the farmer for the seclusion of his life for what he looses by not
living in villages and cities. Iu the first place, it is the very paradise for a
home. The husband and the wife and the children are by themselves under
just such influences as they choose to bring around their children. If a
poet of to-day, or of yesterday, or of to-morrow, should sing of a home, it
seems to me he must have in his mind a home upon a farm, where one is
separated from the anxiety, the fret, and the worry, and eager pursuit for
wealth that is found in every city and village of the United States.

Now, what kind of a home do we want '? We want a home where, to
borrow somewhat from my Bible friends, peace and love are to be found
first of all, and harmony. Of course, Holstein-Friesian men are nice hus-
bands and sons, and, if we are fathers, very nice fathers. But notwith-
standing all that, these remarks of mine may possibly reach some who are
not members of this Association, and so pardon me for the remark that
there is not one of my auditors who would think of being otherwise than
extremely polite to his neighbor's wife on all occasions. Now, it does not
make much difference to your neighbor's wife whether you are polite to
her or not. She cxn get along very nicely with the politeness and the love
of her husband even if her neighbor, Mr. Jones, is rather uncouth, because
she is not very much in her neighbor Jones' society. There is one woman
on' the face of the earth, however, to whom the farmer, like any other
gentleman, is under a sacred obligation to be courteous, affectionate and
polite upon all occasions, and that lady is his wife, because she had put
into his hands her happiness and her welfare in this world. If there is so
much roughness and boisterousness, so much that is not gentle in you that
you have got to be offensive to some lady, call upon your neighbor and o-ive
his wife a blowing-up. She will not care very much about it, but just spare
your own wife. When I was a little boy I lived and worked for my board
and clothes in a good many families, and if there is one thing I pride myself
upon it is a profound sympathy for the little boy. It seemed to me then
that I would be a Mend to the poor little boy all my life, and I think I
have been so. I would never wound the feelings of a boy. How many
men are there who, when they meet their neighbor's little boy, have a sunny
smile and a pleasant word for him. Most farmers are full of tenderness to
their own children, but some of them are noc. There are some men who
are pleasant to all children in their neighborhood except their own, but are
cross, bearish, and uncomfortable in their own homes, by their own fire-
side, with their own children. The happiness of the children in the homes
about you is noc very much in your keeping, and if you must be cross
and savage and disturb the happiness of some little boy every day, that is
all right, but go to your neighbor's and get Mary and Willie around you
and give them a blowing up, and the probability is the father will turn
you out doors, as he ought to do, and then you will go to your own children.
The picture I would draw is this: A young man marrying a young girl
— a good honest American girl, if possible, for they are the best girls in
the world — going out onto a farm and paying for it, planting their charac-

36 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

ters upon that farm, feeling a sense of pride in its improvement and de-
velopment, and in the increased productiveness of those acres, so that when
the man dies and goes to his grave that farm will be there, a monument to
his industry, to his thrift, to his economy, and to his good sense, and that
the children he leaves will be a credit to his wisdom as a father, to his
affection, and to his sound sense as the head of a family. I would have you
men in fact be what you have been in theory, that is, believers in the
dignity of actual, honest work; believers in the dignity of the life of a farmer
as contrasted with that of any other man on the face of the earth. A
farmer, if he is an honest, industrious, intelligent man, should be able to
look the kings of the earth in the face, and say, ' ' I am your brother ; ' ' the
princes of the earth in their eyes, and say, "I am your brother." And if he
behaves as well, he is their equal; for I say to you, and I am a believer in
aristocracy, but it is an aristocracy of character, an aristocracy of industry,
an aristocracy of intelligence, an aristocracy of manhood, and that is the
kind of aristocracy that every American citizen should believe in.

The President: The next address upon the programme is by Mr. E.
A. Powell, of Syracuse, N. Y., subject —

THE BREEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE.

Of all the blessings which fall to the lot of any being, there is probably
none so rich, so much to be desired, as to be well-born — born with ability,
with natural powers, which enable the possessor • to accomplish great
achievements.

This is a rich inheritance, transmitted from one or more ancestors —
frequently the concentration of qualities possessed in a lesser degree by
numerous progenitors, reaching back through many generations. It is this
concentration or happy union of ancestral qualities which places the for-
tunate possessor far in advance — far above all antecedents — in certain
marked characteristics. The stronger any faculty, the more it is developed,
and especially if it extends through every ancestral line, the more cer-
tain it is to be transmitted in a marked degree.

It is this principle of heredity, assisted by the influence of environment
and development, in the human family that has given to the world long
family lines of successful financiers, of renowned divines, able jurists,
and great leaders.

The same laws of inheritance, the same influence of environment, the
same marked effects of development apply with equal force to the animal
kingdom.

This force, this power, this law of nature can be guided by the intel-
ligent will of man, and thus become a valuable factor in the development
and improvement of our domestic animals, but which is lost by our usual
hap-hazard method of breeding.

It is a fixed law of nature that no quality can be transmitted which is
not possessed by some ancestor, and hence if the intelligent breeder wishes

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 37

certain qualities in the offspring, he will surely see that they are possessed
by the parents — not only by one, but by both; for otherwise the desired
characteristic of one may be counterbalanced by the opposite tendency of
the other, and no progress be made.

As the influence of heredity extends through many generations, and is
frequently more strongly marked in the second and third, it is exceedingly
important that any desired quality which we wish to permanently establish
be traced in unbroken lines through many generations. We are seeking
for greater power — more force concentrated and exerted in a given direc-
tion; in the trotting or running horse, the power which produces speed;
in the draft horse, that which moves great weight; in the beef animal, the
power which converts food into flesh; in the dairy cow, that which converts
the products of the soil into milk.

The intelligent, thinking breeder, by looking back through the history
of experiments and results as they are portrayed in a well-established pedi-
gree, discovers the channels whence flow the purest streams, rich in the
qualities which he desires; and these with skill he unites, thus combining,
accumulating, concentrating the desired forces of nature, and, by guiding
them in the right direction, great progress is made.

To leap a high barrier, the experienced athlete goes back to get the ad-
ditional force of momentum. So must we, to make the greatest progress
in breeding, go back to secure the accumulated force of generations.

Not only should each progenitor be the possessor of superior power, but
the force of each should be exerted in the direction in which progress is
desired.

A thorough knowledge, an intelligent understanding, of the natural
powers of each ancestor are essential, yes, indispensable, if we would make
the most rapid progress in breeding for specific results. This knowledge
can only be obtained from the actual performance of each individual or of
its progeny; and therefore, to breed intelligently, we must familiarize our-
selves with each ancestor — weigh each *in the unerring scale of actual
performance, and unite those forces which will give us the greatest accumu-
lated power. Not only should we choose descendants of ancestors which
have been tested on account of the unmistakable evidence of their ability
which is thus furnished, but because the animal whose natural powers have
been developed, expanded, and stimulated by use and exertion is much
more certain to transmit those qualities in a marked degree. I wish to em-
phatically impress this idea. If you wish certain natural qualities in the
offspring, develop the ancestors in that direction by actual performance.
No more misleading fallacy can be advocated than the excuse which we so
often see for not making records — for fear of injuring the vigor and consti-
tution of the offspring. Understand me; I do not advocate' or believe in
over-feeding, or forcing, so as to impair or weaken^the constitution, but
this is not necessary. Action and development means growth and strength;
idleness means weakness and decay. The maintenance of perfect health
requires the proper exercise and development of every faculty and organ;

38 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

this development means growth, an increase of power, which soon he-
comes so allied to nature as to be transmitted to coming generations. As
consistent would it be to advocate the non-development of the human
intellect, that our decendants might become intellectual giants. Experi-
ence has demonstrated that the descendants of the same ancestors, gotten
after judicious development, are superior to those previously produced.

We can more fully appreciate the value of family relationship by glanc-
ing back over the history of the various breeds of domestic animals and
noting the fact that a large majority of all those which have made them-
selves illustrious by their performances have descended from a very few
families. In reviewing the honored roll of American trotters, how few
names we find whose pedigree does not trace to some one of a half dozen
great families. Go through the entire list of breeds, and similar facts are
presented. No stronger evidence of the value of a good pedigree can be
presented.

A few practical illustrations, the result of careful experiments in breed-
ing, will convey a good idea of the great power which highly-bred, pre-
potent ancestors exert over the natural qualities of their progeny.

Two cows of the same breeding, quality, and production on the side of
the dam, but by different sires, one bull being used on account of his
superior appearance, the other for his breeding, were tested under like con-
ditions, at about the same age, on the same kind and amount of food.
The former cow gave about 10,500 pounds of milk in a year, while the
other gave nearly 18,000 pounds ; the former made about eleven pounds of
butter in a week, while the latter made over twenty-three pounds.

Two heifers from the same dam, but by different sires, one of which was
especially noted for the butter qualities of his daughters as well as that of
his ancestors, were tested at about the same age, at the same season of the
year, on a similar quality and amount of feed, when giving about the same
amount of milk, and one actually made over 110 per cent more butter than
the other. «

Two cows by the same sire, one of them from a superior dam from a
rich butter family, the other from a cow whose butter qualities had not
been proven, were tested at the same age and under similar conditions.
The former made over twenty- five pounds, and the latter eleven pounds
per week.

A superior butter cow, from a noted butter family, was bred to her own
brother for the express purpose of intensifying the rare butter qualities of
a rich butter family. The product was a heifer, which, at twenty-eight
months old, made 21 pounds 10:] ounces of butter in a week, and 80 pounds
6 ounces in thirty days, averaging, for a week, one pound of butter from
13.23 pounds of milk.

A fine three-year-old heifer, from a deep-milking family, made 13 pounds
of butter in a week, while her daughter, by a bull from a noted butter
family, tested at the same age, has just made 19 pounds :] ounce in a week.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 39

These are a few of the many carefully made tests, all from Holstein-
Friesian cows, which could be given to illustrate the marvelous results
which have been and can be produced by scientific breeding — by breeding
with an intelligent understanding of the quality and capacity of the material
at our command. In short, these tests convey some idea of what can be
accomplished by careful selection and breeding for a purpose. "We can
hardly realize the progress which has been and can be made in milk and
butter productions. No other breed is, in my judgment, capable of making
such rapid progress, or of producing such marvelous results.

About seventeen years ago the whole dairy world was astonished at the
reported yearly milk records of two Holstein-Friesian cows, which gave
respectively 12,681 pounds and 14,027 pounds, which at that time so far
surpassed all previous productions as to seem almost incredible. Year by
year these records have been advanced until within this short period the
standard has been raised for a cow to over 30,000 pounds, and within half
that period the highest record for a two-year-old has been raised from 9,000
to over 18,000 pounds. During this entire time Holstein-Friesian cows
have continually stood at the front.

The development of the breed in butter production began at a much more
recent date, but the progress made has been equally as remarkable. Half a
decade has hardly passed since a cow of this breed that would make a pound
of butter from twenty-five pounds of milk was considered superior. Now
thirteen to fourteen pounds is not unusual, while whole large families will
average a pound of butter from sixteen to eighteen pounds of milk. Still
greater advancement may be looked for in the future. In the past the
breed has suffered by the large number of inferior animals which have been
imported and bred without pedigree or family history or authenticated
records whereby the superior could be distinguished from the worthless.

These inferior animals have been a great burden — a dead weight —
which the better classes have had to carry, and which are still a curse to
the breed; but when submitted to the trying ordeal of actual performance,
the wheat is separated from the chaff.

The system of advanced registry which has been adopted by this Asso-
ciation, and which, I am glad to see, is meeting with such general favor, is
doing much to assist in this sifting, rectifying, and refining process.

With the light and knowledge which is now being disseminated through
the various stock journals and other sources, the people are becoming
educated. Every breeder can, if he will, breed understandingly and well.

Too little attention is usually paid to the family, for when a large num-
ber of animals, all descendent from the same progenitor, have proven their
superiority by performance, we are furnished with the best possible evidence
of prepotency, and such individuals are vastly superior for breeding pur-
poses to those of equal production which are not backed by such family
relationship.

Herein we find the value of pedigree, which should be a continuous
history of great performances, extending through an unbroken line of
illustrious ancestors.

40 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Pedigree without performance is valueless; so performance without pedi-
gree is robbed of half its worth, as it furnishes no evidence of prepotency.
To build up a good herd we must have a solid foundation, laid with the
best material. Select not only the best breed, but the best individuals
from the best families, all proven by the surest of all tests — that of per-
formance. Breed upwards; not downwards. Go up higher. The summit
is still an unoccupied field.

Hereditary force or power is accumulative, increasing, intensifying by
judicious breeding, and hence we can, if we will, make vastly greater
progress in the future than we have in the past.

As the pure stream which issues from the fountain-head far up the
mountain-side, which as it flows on continually widens and deepens by the
addition of every rippling rill, every pebbly brook, every crystal spring or
rushing stream with which it comes in contact, continually increasing in
volume and power as it sweeps on to the great valley below, where, by the
intervention of human genius and energy, it is again distributed by irriga-
tion, rendering fertile and fruitful the otherwise barren plain, so the stream
of animal life which issues from the royal fountain of pure breeding, wisely
guided by an intelligent hand, flows on through successive generations,
continually increasing in force and power, diffusing life and energy in its
course, purifying every sluggish stream with which it comes in contact,
reaching out farther and farther as generations come and go, until the entire
species is strengthened, beautified, improved, and enriched by the concen-
tration of those desirable qualities which distinguish the high-bred animal
from the worthless mongrel.

The Pbesident: The next address on the programme is by Mr. S.
Hoxie, of Whitestown, N. Y., subject —

MILK SIGNS.

Cows in the wild state produce but little milk. Their ability to pro-
duce large quantities is acquired in the domesticated state, and is un-
doubtedly the result of demand, training, and food. It is the general
impression that such ability, together with the ability to produce rich
milk, may be discovered through outward signs. This has given rise to
the science of selecting milch cows, if I may call the teachings on this
subject a science. In this paper I simply report upon my own limited
observations in this science. The conclusions that I have drawn are by no
means established beyond doubt. Personally I hold myself liable to
changes of views as investigation goes on.

Under the head of Milk Signs may be included all the outward appear-
ances of cattle, and of their products, that indicate quantity, quality, or
healthfulness of milk.

One of the most commonly accepted signs for both quantity and quality
is what is called the "milk form." It may be described as a gradual
widening of the animal from the front of the shoulders to the hips and

1888.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 41

setting on of the hind quarters. This widening is sometimes only lateral,
and sometimes both lateral and perpendicular. To be perfect, the shoul-
ders-should be thin, the forward legs comparatively close together, the
quarters without much flesh, and the appearance throughout the whole
frame angular.

In the examination of upwards of four hundred Holstein-Friesian cows,
I have found very few that have approached the perfect milk form. And
in Jersey cattle that have come under my observation, I have found
marked departures from this form in those of the highest reputation,
especially in the spread of the forward legs and in the thickness of the
animal through the heart. The most of these cows have not been angular.
Their abdomens have been held well up, and their bodies have been round.
The impression has become strongly fixed in my mind that curved lines
are as indicative of milk-production as are angular lines.

Another of the commonly accepted signs is "a large udder, drawn up
closely to the body, and well rounded at the sides." I think such formed
udders are more apt to contain adipose tissue than lower hanging udders.
A gentleman conversant with Jersey cattle remarked that he had never
seen a remarkable butter cow that had not, as he termed it, "a broken
down udder. ' ' The size of the udder, even if it could be exactly ascertained,
I am persuaded, could not be implicitly relied upon as a measure of the
milk-producing ability. There is a quality in the milk glands that must
exist in different degrees of intensity in different animals that cannot be
discovered by any outward appearances.

Another of the commonly received signs is " very large and very crooked
lacteal veins." The lacteal veins carry the blood away from the udder
toward the heart. There is no doubt that degrees in the size of these veins,
and perhaps their degrees of crookedness, indicate degrees of milking
ability. But it is quite clear that they are not exact measures of this
ability. I have found, in many instances, cows having very large and very
tortuous veins that were excelled in milking ability by cows with veins of
less size and less crookedness. In some instances this has been very marked
and surprising. And I am inclined to the opinion that these veins become
varicose and tortuous from obstructions to the free and rapid flow of blood
through them; in some instances from disease, and perhaps in other cases
from the disproportion of the size of the orifices in the walls of the abdomen
and chest to the amount of blood that is required to be carried away.

Another commonly-accepted sign is the orifices in the abdomen and
chest, to which I have just referred. In some animals these orifices are
only two in number — one on the right, and the other on the left side of the
abdomen. These are called main orifices, and are usually larger than the
others. In some cases these orifices are so large that the end of the fore-
finger may be fairly introduced into them. If I were obliged to choose any
one of the so-called milk signs upon which to exclusively rely, it would be
these orifices. Yet the impression should not be obtained that these are

42 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

by any means exact measures or infallible indications of milking ability.
I think reliance should be made more on the size than on the number of
these orifices. They may be discovered in animals of all ages and both
sexes, but of course appear much smaller in young animals. The larger
their size, and the more numerous, other things being equal, the greater I
should expect the milking ability of a cow to be, and the more would I
expect the cow or bull to transmit this ability to their offspring.

Another of the signs quite widely accepted is the escutcheon. Writers and
breeders have been arrayed for and against this sign with the intensity of
partisans. On the one side it has been studied with the interest and
confidence of devotees. On the other side it has been rejected with sneers
and scoffs without study or observation. The great errors on the part of
its advocates have been in assuming that it was infallible, and in giving
mathematical values to various forms and minute tufts of hair. So far as
my own observation has extended I have generally found a co-ordination in
the comparative size and number of the orifices just described and the
size and quality of the escutcheon. And when the mammary glands have
been developed, the same co-ordination between them and the escutcheon
has been also discovered, although in this there has been more exceptions.
There are two other signs advocated that may have value. It is claimed
by many that openness between the spinal processes is an indication of
milking ability. It is also claimed that broadness of these processes also
indicates this ability. The condition in the chine in these cases is easily
discoverable. In the latter case a depression may be felt along the middle
of the chine lengthwise of the animal. In the former, depressions cross-
wise of the chine may be felt, into which one or more of the fingers may
be placed. These depressions may have some relation to the size of the
spinal cord and the size of the nerves thrown off from it, under which milk
production is carried on in the laboratory of the udder.

There is another class of signs for which value is claimed by a limited
class of dairymen and cattle-writers. Among these is "the tail reaching
to hocks or below," hind legs bent backward at the hocks to an unusual
degree, a protuberance under and between the jaws, called the " milk wart,"
crumpled horns, etc. Quite a noted writer on dairy subjects is reported as
saying that he knew no signs of a good milch cow except a large udder and
crumpled horns.

Another class of signs are largely relied upon to indicate superior rich-
ness of milk. These are oiliness and depth of color, from a pale to a deep
orange, in the secretions of the skin. There is not a particle of doubt that
the color of these secretions, the color of the fat in the tissues of the body,
and the color of the milk often very closely correspond. Hence, as a gen-
eral rule, the animal that has an abundance of yellow secretions on the
skin will produce yellow flesh and tallow, and yellow milk. But as evi-
dences of richness of quality of flesh or of quality of milk, these signs are
now being rejected by some of our leading scientists. Prof. Alvord, whom
we all know as a scientist and as an especial advocate of the Jersey breed

1888-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 43

of cattle, says: "It is certain that color is in no respect an indication of
the quantity of fat in milk, or of the butter that milk will produce." In
his published address before the last convention of the New York State
Dairymen's Association this language is italicised. If practical dairymen
will reflect upon this statement they will discover that it corresponds with
their experience and observation. In the month of June, when our grasses
are of a deep emerald-green, the milk of their cows is of a deeper color than
in October and November, when the grasses have largely lost such green-
ness through the action of frosts; yet in the latter months milk is equally
rich, and some times much richer. Eichness of milk is very largely the
result of wise and liberal feeding. I quote from Prof. Stewart's valuable
work, entitled, Feeding Cattle: "Since certain very partial experiments
were made in Germany to test the effect of special feeding upon the com-
position of milk, dairymen have been told to seek quality of milk in the
breed, and not in the food. *****>> j$ut since milk is made from
the blood at the same degree of elaboration as fits it for assimilation into
the tissues, and that what goes to lay on fat or build up flesh in the stall-
fed animal goes to the udder in the milch cow, whatever food will do in
increasing the aptness of an animal to fatten and in laying on and flavor-
ing flesh, it will do, directed by intelligence, in increasing the secretion and
improving the quality of milk. In philosophy and fact the quality and
quantity of milk is as perfectly controlled by quality and quantity of food
as is the quality and weight of flesh laid upon a stall-fed animal. This
principle is widely confirmed by the observations and experiences of thous-
ands of practical dairymen who have no axes to grind in this matter.
Prof. Stewart quotes such experiences in proof of this statement.

Hon. Zadock Pratt, of Greene county, N. Y., in a statement made to the
New York State Agricultural Society, reports a carefully conducted experi-
ment on fifty cows owned by him during five consecutive years, from 1857
and including 1861, which shows to what a remarkable extent food and
care affects the quality of milk: "The first year it required 39.2 pounds
of milk for one pound of butter; the second, 33.3 pounds; the third, 29
pounds; the fourth, 23.3 pounds; the fifth, 21 pounds. The amount of
butter per cow per year increased in the same proportion. The herd was
made up of so-called 'native cows,' and consisted of substantially the
same animals, there being only the ordinary changes in such a herd. * * "
He was constantly improving his yield of butter by special feeding, and
contrary to the German experiments, this increase in butter was not from
increased yield of milk, but from an improved quality. It appears that
the German experiments were only for very brief periods of feeding, while
the experiences of dairymen show that improvement of quality requires
long periods. For this reason we conclude that there is nothing really con-
tradictory between the experiments of scientific men and the experiences
of practical dairymen.

44 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Passing from this point, I will refer to signs of healthfullness in milk.
This is far more important than quality or quantity. Unfortunately this
part of my subject has never been studied by scientific men, and what little
I can offer must come mainly from my own observations.

Abnormal richness is undoubtedly a sign of chronic diseases in cows and
unhealthfulness of milk.

My attention was first called to this about three years ago. A heifer came
partially under my observation that had previously been sick from in-
flammation of the lungs. She recovered; had a calf, and was found to
produce very rich milk. She was regarded by her owners as a prize. At
length it was discovered that she had a chronic affection of the lungs.
She was kept for some time, but, growing worse until there was no hopes
of recovery, she was killed. These facts raised a suspicion that diseased
conditions, especially of the lungs, might cause abnormal richness of milk.
Limited inquiries were made of those who should know, but no positive
answer could be obtained. At length a work on midwifery fell into my
hands. It was by Cazeaux, a French author of the highest authority.
Under the head of Lactation, I found the following language: " The health
of the nurse is a matter of the highest importance. Chemical analysis shows
that in diseases of any kind the proportion of solid constituents increases
at the same time that the proportion of water decreases. According to the
analysis of M. M. Becquerel and Vernois, this fact is more observable in
chronic diseases than in acute febrile affections. Now, as M. Bouchut
judiciously observes, this increase in the proportion of the solid principles
of the milk is an unfortunate alteration, causing the child to be frequently
affected with indigestion and consecutive enteritis — inflammation of the
bowels. The milk of women suffering from chronic diseases, phthisis, for
example, exhibits a great alteration in the milk globules." If the milk of
cows are subject to the same conditions, which cannot be disputed, the in-
ference is unavoidable that abnormal richness in the milk of cows is a sign
of unhealthfulness of that milk. And it is a matter of the most vital
interest, not only to dairymen and cattle-breeders, but to the general public,
to know this fact.

The strongest evidence of cows producing healthy milk is in their
dropping strong, healthy calves at birth, and their rapid development and
continued health while being fed on the milk of their dams. If I were to
advise those who have families of young children in regard to the milk
they should purchase and use, I would say get your milk from herds where
the calves are healthy and strong. Do not especially worry about its
chemical constituents, but look to its pathological conditions. These con-
ditions are of a thousand times more consequence to you and your fami-
lies than whether milk is yellow, or whether its cream rises rapidly, or
whether it has certain proportions of sugar, caseine, and fat. And were I
to advise the authorities of our cities in regard to what milk should be sold
in their markets, I would say, have inspectors appointed in every district
from whence you draw your supply, and have them inspect the cows and

l888-l HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 45

their calves, the food they eat and the water they drink, and you will save
thousands and thousands of lives and untold anguish of fathers and mothers
over the graves of their little ones, slain by unhealthy milk that you admit
to your markets, because it has in it the standard amount of solids.

I need not tell Holstein-Friesian breeders what breed of cattle especially
produce such calves as I have referred to, or of the special effects of healthy
milk on themselves and their children.

The President: The next address is by Mr. J. N. Muncey, of Jesup,
Iowa, subject, "The Practical Value of the Holstein-Friesian Cow."

In the absence of Mr. Muncey, the address will be read by the Secretary.
Secretary Wales read the following address :

THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF THE HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COW.

Since the introduction of thoroughbred cattle into North America there
has always been two values attached to every animal, viz. : a practical and
a theoretical value. These two values are closely associated, and in fact
almost inseparable in every animal. Two hundred dollars for a thorough-
bred male of good quality may or may not be a theoretical value. It is
when the buyer is unable to realize that sum in the enchanced value of the
produce, not having good females for a foundation.

Assume that the male produces ninety calves in three years, of that
number about one-half will be males. Assume that forty-five steer calves
are each only worth fifty cents more than those from an inferior bull —
usually a 1700-pound bull will be worth at least $40.00 for beef — the
calves cost, therefore, $160.00 ; the heifers about $3.00 each.

Now, are they worth it? Practically, I think they are. I fail to see
any illogical reasoning in the above consideration. If the half-blood heifers
are not worth $3.00 more than ordinary heifers, it is very unwise to begin
improving yo.ur dairy with this breed of cattle, anyway.

The best cow of any breed or breeds for dairy purposes is the one that
nets the owner the most money. If you are raising cattle for breeding
purposes exclusively, a poor dairy cow sometimes is as profitable as a good
one. She may be a fine breeder and a poor milker. The best cow for
practical purposes is the one whose milk and calves, selling at the average
market prices, brings the greatest return. There are advocates of general-
purpose and special-purpose cattle in the field to-day, and I yet fail to see
where the exponents of the beef breeds have established any good reason
for calling their cattle "dairy cattle." The man who talks beef to me
to-day, or beef at four cents per pound, must produce logic that will bear a
common-sense inspection.

It is difficult to discuss our subject without mentioning names of breeds.
I would prefer to do so.

The question is, will it pay the farmers of this country to feed an ordi-
nary milker and fine breeder for the difference in the price of the beef? I say

46 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

emphatically no. Has not the Ontario Agricultural College demonstrated
conclusively that an acre of pasture will produce about twice as many dol-
lars worth of milk as it will beef? The experiment was conducted with
only ordinary cows and the finest specimens of the beef breeds. It is more
profitable, therefore, do you not think, to produce milk than beef from any
breed of cattle.

Suppose a Holstein-Friesiarj steer sells for only two and one-half cents
per pound, and a Short-horn at four and one-half cents per pound, will the
extra two cents pay for keeping the typical beef cow ?

The following figures will illustrate the idea. I assume that the average
profitable life of the average cow in the dairy is six years. Suppose that
the milk is sold to the creamery at the average price, say eighty cents per
100 pounds:

Cow No. 1:

Six years, at 9,000 pounds at 80 cents per 100 ... . $432 00
Six years, skim milk at 25 cents per 100 pounds . . . 108 00
Six calves, 80 pounds each, birth-weight, at 2£ cents . 12 00
Original cow, 1,200 pounds, at 2 cents 24 00

$576 00
Cow No. 2:

Six years, at 5,000 pounds at 80 cents per 100 ... . $240 00
Six years, skim milk at 25 cents per 100 pounds ... 60 00
Six calves, 80 pounds each, birth-weight, at 4-| cents . 21 60
Original cow, 1,200 pounds, at 4 cents 48 00

$369 60
Difference in favor of cow No. 1, $207.00.

A number of considerations in the assumed data are important. I in-
sist that the average eight-year-old Holstein-Friesian cow will sell as
quick at two and three-fourths cents per pound as the average Short-horn
cow will at four cents per pound. I think the observation of every one
will warrant that statement. Further, the advocates of the beef cow may
claim a greater profit per pound on the beef produced from the Short-horn
cow's calves. All right. Take it that way. It is doubtful if beef can be
produced, take the year through, for less than three cents. The cost of a
pound on thrifty calves of the different breeds will be approximately, if not
exactly, the same. Then, by competing with No. 2, I raise six calves
weighing 1,200 pounds each, and lose $72.00, or one cent per pound, by the
operation, while No. 2 makes one cent per pound, or $72.00. Deducting,
now, $72.00, the assumed loss on the Holstein-Friesian calves produced,
from the sum of $432.00, $108.00, and $24.00, there remains $492.00 as
the gross receipts for six years ; while with cow No. 2, we have increased
her proceeds to $420.00. There yet remains $72.00 in favor of No. 1.

Practically the heifers from the Holstein-Friesian cow are worth as much,
if not more, for dairy purposes than the Short-horn heifers are for beef,

1588.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 47

hence only about $36.00, instead of $72.00, should be deducted from the
gross proceeds of cow No. 1. There then remains $108.00 for six years in
favor of the Holstein-Friesian cow.

There is yet another very important value to be attached to the black
and white cow. I refer now to the fecundity of the cattle as a breed. A
few figures from my books will point in this direction. From 1884 to Janu-
ary 1st, 1888, seven different registered cows have produced thirty-one
calves. Of that number two were twins. Beginning with the dates of the
first services, and closing with the dates of the birth of the last calves,
thirty-one calves were produced in a total of 10,450 days, or ;^n average
of one calf in 348 days. During this time I have intentionally changed
the time of " coming in " to fall and winter. This, of course, adds to the
general average.

I think that there is no breed of cattle on the market today, except
perhaps the Jerseys, that may be fed as liberally as the Holstein-Friesians
without impairing the organs of reproduction.

Manly Miles, in his valuable work on stock-breeding, gives many
reasons why "a remarkable tendency to lay on fat is usually accom-
panied by a delicacy of constitution, a diminished secretion of milk, and
a loss of fecundity." Sterile animals may be found among all breeds of
cattle, but it is the general average on which I base my observation and
opinion. Prof. Tanner, one of the best authorities on this subject, says:
" The non-impregnation of the female may generally be traced to an ex-
cessive fatness in one or both of the animals, and an absence of constitu-
tional vigor. The breeding powers are most energetic when the animals
are in a moderate condition, uninfluenced either by extreme fatness or
leanness."

I insist that the average fertility of the black and white cattle adds
much to their practical value for dairy purposes. It is a great loss to have
four or five cows in a dairy of twenty that fail to breed. Thirty-eight
services produced twenty-six calves, and forty-eight services produced
thirty-one calves — an average of 1.4 and 1.6 services per calf, respectively.

I have all along considered myself a liberal feeder, knowing with any
cattle it is only the liberal feeding that pays, and though the above figures
do not establish a scientific truth, they are in harmony with the foremost
theories on breeding. I might add to the numerous milk and butter records
of these cattle. I had a two-year-old that gave 9,192 pounds of milk in a
year, and five-year-olds that gave over 10,000 pounds of milk a year, and
less than a year.

A three-and-one-half-year-old gave fifty pounds and nine ounces of milk
in a day, and four per cent unsalted and unworked butter. Three five-year-
olds gave 4.43, 5.8, and 5.4 per cent unsalted butter. They gave over fifty
and sixty-five pounds of milk in a day.

It may be thought that a breeder cannot give an unbiased consideration
to a subject in which he is pecuniarily interested. It has been my aim to

48 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

do so. My love for the practical value of the black and white cattle was
born in a barn where representatives of the different breeds are kept, and
before I was financially interested.

I insist that the queen of cjws is the one that gives milk and butter, and
not the one that converts a part or half of the food into beef. It is milk,
and not beef, that pays the greatest profit; and the cow that gives an aver-
age of twenty -seven to thirty pouuds per day for 300 days is a profitable
cow, regardless of the breed she represents.

J. N. Muncey.

Mr. F. C. Stevens: Mr. President, I have a resolution that I would
like to introduce.

Mr. Stevens read the following resolution:

"Resolved, That we, members of the Holstein-Friesian Association of
America, are heartily in sympathy with the bill known as the Palmer
senate bill 2083, firmly believing that its passage would greatly aid in the
speedy exterpation of all contagious diseases now in this country.

" It is further resolved, That the Secretary of this Association be, and is
hereby, instructed to send a copy of this resolution to the chairman of the
Committee on Agriculture in the house and senate, and also to Mr. Azel
Ames, Jr., chairman of the Committee on Legislation appointed by the
National Consolidated Cattle-Growers' Association, urging them to use
every just and honorable means to secure the speedy passage of said bill."

Mr. Dudley Millek: The bill in itself, Mr. President, I have no
doubt is all right — the killing of pleura-pneumonia; but I understand
from parties who have been in Washington, and have investigated the mat-
ter, that all these persons who are at the bottom of this are working for
oleomargarine, and this is simply a stepping-stone to the other. The sub-
ject of oleomargarine was brought up in Washington at the time, and an
expression of feeling of those assembled was asked. It was remarked
by the adherents of this bill that it was no place to bring in oleomargarine
— that it was not pertinent to the business before the meeting. Then
another resolution was offered, to the effect that they were opposed to oleo-
margarine, and the thing was tabled like a flash.

Mr. Stevens: Mr. President and gentleman, in reply to this state-
ment, I desire to say, with all due respect to Mr. Miller and to his in-
formant, that it is false — every word of it. I have been in Washington
this winter; I have had the pleasure and the honor of associating myself
with these gentlemen, trying to push this matter and secure the proper
legislation. So far as these people are concerned, I deny most positively
that they have any interest as a committee in this matter. All their labor
has been distinctly and directly devoted to securing the passage of the bill
named in this resolution. I know all the ins and outs of this matter, and
you may take my word for it — so far as it goes; and at the same time, I
assure you that Mr. Miller is mistaken.

1888.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 49

Mr. Miller: Mr. President, I would like to ask Mr. Stevens whether
he means that my assertions in regard to the bringing forward of this
oleomargarine question are false, or what he means by stating that what I
said was false.

Mr. Stevens: The gentleman made the statement as hearsay, and not
of his own knowledge. I say that he has been misinformed. I do not
mean to say that he has wilfully made a false statement. If he took it
that way, I beg his pardon. I say he has been misinformed. I say that the
committee who have this matter in charge at Washington have never in
any way tried to persuade or suggested to the legislative body the possi-
bility or probability, or anything of the kind, of repealing the oleomarga-
rine law.

Mr. Miller: Mr. Chairman, that is perfectly proper and right, and
does not interfere with my statement at all. I simply made the remark
that this subject was brought up and it was utterly tabooed, and they
would not listen for a moment or say a thing in favor of or in opposition to
oleomargarine, which really showed the animus of the people interested in
this bill. Now, I am just as much in earnest in this matter as Mr. Stevens
can be, and I want to stamp out pleuro-pneumonia, but I do not want to
give the oleomargarine men a chance to repeal the law.

Secretary Wales: Mr. President, the committee that is now at
Washington working in the interest of the National Cattle-Growers' Asso-
ciation were appointed at the last meeting of said association, in Kansas
City. This Association sent delegates to that meeting. Mr. Stevens was
there, Mr. Liggett, of Minnesota, was there, our new President was there,
and they received every attention. Three members of this Association were
put upon the Executive Committee of the National Cattle-Growers' Asso-
ciation, and I am sure I know enough about it to be able to state that that
committee will do nothing in the line which Mr. Miller states. First and
foremost is the extermination of cattle disease in the United States. It is
a question so far ahead of the question of oleomargarine, and the enactment
of laws regarding it, that there is, in my opinion, no comparison between
them. If our cattle are ruined by plearo-pneumonia, we certainly will
have no butter. We can get along under the present laws governing the
sale of oleomargarine; I do not think they will interfere with us a great
deal, and I hope this resolution will be adopted by this Association.

Mr. Miller: I would like to ask Mr. Wales if we have not ample laws
on this subject, and are they not being enforced, and vigorously enforced,
at the present time under the management of the department of agri-
culture ?

Secretary Wales: In reply to Mr. Miller, I will say that I am not
entirely conversant with the law as it now stands, but I know that this
committee is doing everything in their power to protect the farmers of the
United States and their stock, and I think it is our duty to uphold them.

50 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Goodwin : Mr. President, as the Acting Secretary of the Consoli-
dated Cattle-Growers' Association of the United States, I would like to
make a few statements of fact. The gentleman at my right (Mr. Dudley
Miller) has stated as a positive fact that the only man who has been at
Washington in the interests of what is now known as the Palmer bill is
in favor of the repeal of the oleomargarine law. I believe that was his
statement. Allow me to call your attention to the fact that Maj . Henry
E. Alvord has been one of the most active advocates of the Palmer bill.
The Hon. L. S. Coffin, of Iowa, who is the spokesman of the dairy interest
in the west, has also been one of the most active members of the committee
at Washington in favor of the Palmer bill. Those are facts that Mr.
Stevens can verify if they need verification. One other point. Mr. Miller
tells you that the committee refused to express itself on the repeal of the
oleomargarine law. I do not doubt that that statement is actually and
literally true. The Consolidated Cattle-Growers' Association of the United
States has twice declined to commit itself on that question. Why? It
came into organization for the sole, express, and explicit object of se-
curing legislation to stamp out contagious animal diseases. For that, and
for nothing else; and for that reason it declared, by resolution, that it did
not propose to introduce any single object or make any attempt outside of
that which would work discord in its ranks.

Mr. Miller: As regards Professor Alvord, I am informed that he was
of that party attempting to carry this bill through, and when he ascertained
the true animus of the meeting, that he deserted them, and now no longer
supports them.

Mr. Stevens: I have a letter, dated day before yesterday, from Professor
Alvord, urging me to urge this matter in every way.

Mr. Miller: My informant may have bsen mistaken, but I give you
what he told me.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I want to make a few remarks in regard to this,
Mr. President, and I am sorry to have to plead a great deal of ignorance
regarding it. I came here with the feeling that it was very unwise and
decidedly wrong for this Association to take any action upon this subject
whatever; or if any action, it should be adverse to what is now asked, on
several accounts. In the first place, two years ago I attended a meeting of
the Consolidated Association at Chicago. I was then a representative of
our Association at that convention. At that time it was impossible to get
anything through that body that was favorable to the passage of what is
called the oleomargarine bill. I myself made an attempt to get some
recommendation from that body of men in favor of that measure, and it
could not be done. I was told by the parties who were then acting on the
committee to go to Washington that it was the most unpopular thing I
could say in that body of men, and that I must keep still on the subject;
and from what I have recently heard said, which I presume is the same

1888-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 51

thing that Mr. Miller has alluded to, I was confirmed in my views that it
was dangerous for the dairy interests of the country to establish a commis-
sion as had been asked for. Since coming here I have talked with Mr.
Stevens, and he assures me that while he knew at the time I allude to —
two years ago (Mr. Stevens was a member of the committee that went to
Washington) — he said he knew that at that time that that committee was
opposed to the passage of what is called the oleomargarine bill, but that
those men were shelved, as I understand, at the next meeting of the asso-
ciation, and that the committee that was afterwards appointed to go to
Washington were entirely different in their views in regard to the oleo-
margarine question, and that at present the committee as constituted does
not favor the repeal of that bill ; but that does not correspond with the
evidence which has been furnished by a gentleman sent from this state, if
I mistake not, by the Dairy Association to look into this matter. His re-
port in regard to Maj. Alvord's position does not conform with the report
which we hear from these gentlemen, and I feel now, as I expressed myself
to several of these gentlemen a short time ago, that until we had more light
on the subject, and understood definitely what we were doing, it was a
very prudent thing for us at least to keep still. I do not feel that I myself
am competent to act understandingly, or as I should act, on so important a
question.

Dr. Patterson: Mr. President and gentlemen, I regret to be obliged
to make any remarks upon this subject. I regret that the question has
come before us in any shape whatever. There probably are not four in this
room who thoroughly understand the features of the bill it is proposed to
endorse; who have read the bill in any shape or form. They have not
even seen or read a synopsis of it. The assertion which is made that it is
the only thing to stamp out pleuro-pneumonia in this country is made upon
their statement alone, and the statement that the present laws are totally
inadequate is also based upon that one statement alone; and when we find
that the present department of agriculture and the bureau of animal in-
dustry have been working for the last two or three years seemingly to the
satisfaction of the public, it would seem that it was best for this Associa-
tion, unless they can talk intelligently upon the subject, to let the matter
rest where it is. Those who have read the journals carefully, and the
reports of various meetings throughout the country, will find that quite a
large number of associations, particularly in the southwest and far west,
have denounced this bill; and it is best for us, and I wish that this associa-
tion would simply let the thing alone. Were I to carry out my own views
upon this subject, I would be glad of an endorsement the other way, because
I believe the present law is amply sufficient, for it works through state au-
thorities, and in harmony with them. The gentlemen here, from beginning
to end, are absolutely ignorant on the subject, and I would ask that the
thing be voted down.

52 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Stevens: The doctor is a much better talker than I am, Mr. Presi-
dent, and has the advantage of me in that respect; but he assumes a great
deal. He assumes that there are but four men in this room who under-
stand or who have read this bill. Now, I should feel very sorry if that
were the case; it is a matter of vital importance to every breeder of cattle
in the United States — one of the most interesting things that he has to con-
template, and for him to neglect this matter is very sad. Dr. Patterson
says that if he expressed his own opinion he would ask that the bill be
carried in the other direction. Perfectly natural. He is to-day an em-
ploye of the government. He is here to inspect the stock -yards in Buffalo
ostensibly, and it is perfectly natural that he should ask that this matter
be carried in that way. The largest association of cattlemen in the United
States, made up of representative men throughout the country, have en-
dorsed this bill. Your friend Hatch, of Missouri, the man of whom you
can hold up both hands and thank God that he carried the oleomargarine
bill through, endorses it to-day, and he says it is the best thing of the
kind ever introduced. It is an improvement upon the old bill, which you
are familiar with, of last year. As far as the states' right clause is con-
cerned, it is broad enough to satisfy every democrat in the country, and it
is conservative enough to be satisfactory to every republican; it is not a
question of political issue. I earnestly hope that the bill will receive the
endorsement of this Association. Your delegates whom you have sent here
and repose your confidence in have worked earnestly for the support of it,
and I hope you will not go back on them at this late day.

Mr. Liggett: Whatever may be the feelings of the committee at
Washington in advocating this bill, I am sure I do not know, but this I do
know: I was a delegate representing the Holstein-Friesian Association in
Kansas City, and I know that the gentlemen who were with me will bear
me out in the assertion that these very gentlemen who were advocating this
bill in Washington were the men who were the friends of the dairymen in
the convention in Kansas City. There was an effort made there on the part
of some stock-yard men in Chicago to get a bill introduced to repeal the oleo-
margarine bill, and they came their fortified, and were mustering their
strength; and Mr. Coffin, Major Alvord, and many others of the men repre-
senting the dairy interests of course began to make fight against it, and the
very men who are now in Washington upon this committee are the gentle-
men who came to us and said, " This is not a matter of oleomargarine at all.
It is a matter to suppress pleuro-pneumonia, and we stand heart and hand
with the dairymen, and we insist that they should be fairly represented on
that committee." Mr. Stevens, of New York, was placed upon that com-
mittee, Mr. Wales, of Iowa, and myself, from Minnesota, all representing
the dairy interests, and these gentlemen are the very ones who stood by us
and saw that we were put there.

Dr. Patterson: Mr. Chairman, Mr. Stevens has made a slurring re-
mark, or an intimation that was not quite in accordance with what it

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 53

should be. He insinuated that thei*e was a doubt in regard to the work
that I was sent here to perform, b-, saying that ostensibly I was sent here
for the inspection of the Buffalo f;tock-yards. When I state to you, Mr.
President and gentlemen, that tl.jse were my positive orders and written
instructions it will be sufficient, I think, and I think sufficient for my friend.

Dr. Patterson, chairman of the Committee on Accounts, made the follow-
ing report:

Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: Your committee appointed to examine
the accounts of the Secretary, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Advanced
Eegistry would report that they found the accounts of Secretary Wales and
Superintendent Hoxie to be correct. On account of sickness in the family
of Treasurer Smith's secretary, certain vouchers in connection with his
report are not to be found in the bundle, and we have deferred action upon
it until they can be sent to us for verification, although we have no doubt
that the accounts are strictly correct.

Mr. W. G. Powell moved that the report of the committee be accepted,
and that the committee be continued for the purpose of verification of the
Treasurer's report.

Seconded and carried.

The President: We may now resume the consideration of Mr.
Stevens' resolution.

The old bill was here read by Dr. Patterson, and the new bill by Mr.
W. E. Goodwin, of Chicago.

Mr. Bubeell: I believe this is a wise provision, and that the interest
will be in safer hands in this form than as it is now — under the control and
direction of the Minister of Agriculture. I am in favor of promoting this
bill by a vote of this Association.

Peofessoe Eobeets: I hesitate somewhat to say anything upon this
discussion because one of my associates is now connected with the Bureau
of Animal Industry, but I suppose I still have reserved to me all the rights
of an ordinary citizen, although I am connected with a university. As I
have watched this work going on, and the progress that has been made, I
have been very much gratified as to the success that has been attained
under difficulties that it had seemed to me were almost insurmountable.
If one comes to know all the difficulties that have arisen as the Bureau of
Animal Industry has directed its work in different states, to know that
those engaged in it are sometimes in danger of their lives, and yet have
quietly and persistently fought this disease, there is confidence in the
methods that are now being used to exterminate this terrible disease that is
causing so much trouble; and since this is the case, and since, as it appears
to me from the evidence I have that six months more of careful work and
of operation the same as have been carried on already, will exterminate

54 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

virtually, if not literally, pleuro-pneumonia from the United States, that it
is bad economy to now appoint a new set of officers who are not acquainted
with the work, and to change wholly, or partially at least, the present
mode of operation. There are some things in the new bill that appear to
make it better because it is stronger, but it would seem to me the wiser
course to amend the old bill and to go on and see if we cannot rid this
country of pleuro-pneumonia. I see nothing to hinder it, and I see much
difficulty ahead if we change our present method of operation, although it
may be somewhat better. What evidence I have leads me most emphati-
cally to believe that the methods should not be radically changed ; that
new men should not be put in the place of the old.

Mr. Hoek: Mr. President, I never heard of this bill until I came here,
so that my opinion upon the question is simply one that comes to me on
hearing these two bills read, and hearing a history of the origin of this
new bill. Let us see if I give the narrative correctly. There is the
National Cattle-Growers' Association of the United States. We sent dele-
gates to that association. Mr. Stevens, Mr. Liggett, and our newly elected
President were those delegates. They joined with these gentlemen and
appointed a committee that was satisfactory, as I understand, to our agents,
satisfactory to Mr. Stevens, and to Mr. Liggett, and to our newly elected
President. The committee went to Washington, and after consulting with
all the friends of the cattlemen of experience, and men who have the in-
terests of cattle at heart, the result is this very carefully drawn bill. Now,
it seems to me that as men interested in the stamping out of these diseases,
we can hardly afford to decide in favor of the old, immature, and weak
law, when they come and offer us one that is very much more complete in
its provisions, and even puts the criminal laws at the disposal of the com-
mission for the enforcement of the enactment. Surely an association of
gentlemen who are interested in cattle will not resolve in favor of a weak
law and against a strong one.

Mr. Smith moved that Mr. Stevens' resolution be laid upon the table.

Motion seconded.

Question put, and declared lost.

Mr. Smith: Mr. President, I wish to repeat what I have said before, in
one sense, and that is, that I am not well posted on this subject, and I
doubt whether many of the members are; but if those who have examined
the bill regard it as a better measure than the present law, I have no objec-
tions in bidding them God-speed, and I therefore withdraw my motion
to table the resolution.

Mr. Goodwin: I wish to say, Mr. President, that no association of
cattlemen west or east, unless perhaps an association of rangemen has
adopted a resolution unfavorable to the passage of this bill; but every
cattle-growers' association — and I have attended the state organizations

1S88-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 55

throughout the west myself this winter and last winter — have resolved
unanimously in favor of this bill. On two occasions I have heard it op-
posed — on both occasions by the agents of the present Bureau of Animal
Industry.

Mr. Sweet: I will say that I think Mr. Roberts expressed the matter
fully when he said he thought this bill was much stronger than the other
side. I am in favor of this new bill.

Dr. Patterson: I should have been glad, Mr. President, for a vote to
have been taken, and every member of this Association represented. How-
ever, I deem it necessary to say that I rf gret exceedingly that I have made
any remarks whatever upon this floor. I feel that I have already been
misconstrued, and I wish to state here positively that whatever I have said
or done in this matter has been done from my own individual interest and
feeling upon the subject, and outside of my official position as a government
officer. I feel that when the remark was made that it is only members or
officers of the present government that oppose this bill, it was an insinua-
tion that I was here simply for that purpose. I wish to say that I
decidedly decline to discuss the question further with the paid agents of
the Live Stock Growers' Association.

A rising vote was taken upon Mr. Stevens' resolution, and it was declared
carried.

Mr. E. A. Powell, chairman of the committee appointed upon the ques-
tion of judges at fairs, presented several names.

Mr. W. Gr. Powell moved that the matter be referred back to the com-
mittee for additional names to be afterwards reported to the Board of
Officers for their approval.

Seconded and carried.

Upon motion, the meeting adjourned.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS,

Held at Buffalo, N. Y., March 21st, 1888.

Present : Messrs. M. L. Sweet, Edgar Huidekoper, W. Brown Smith,
F. L. Houghton, William M. Liggett, W. G. Powell, T. G. Yeomans, D.
H. Burrell, Thomas B. Wales, and S. Hoxie.

The election of members being the first order of business, the Secretary
presented the name of Jeremiah Clark, of Andover, N. Y., recommended
by Mr. S. Hoxie.

Upon motion, Mr. Clark was declared elected.

Mr. J. C. Lord having asked a hearing by the Board, spoke as follows:

Those who were members of the Board last year will remember that I
appeared before you on a similar case, and I did not at that time receive
any encouragement. Perhaps I will not this time. I will say for the
benefit of those who never gave the matter any thought last year, that
when I went home I found the transfer that my firm were making such a
fuss about.

Now, we have a cow two years old that came into our possession when
it was a calf. The calf went to Mr. Sexton with some other cattle, but
they belonged to us, and within the past week we have sold this heifer, and
she is now coming two years old, and is about to drop her calf. The animal
stands as bred by Mr. Picton, of Ontario. She nas never been transferred
to anybody. When this animal went to Sexton's he asked me about the
transfer. I wrote him and requested him to send a transfer to Mr. Ells-
worth, and ask him to sign and return it. He says in the letter just
received that he never received any reply to his letter, and he does not
know whether he was at home or what the difficulty was; so I at once did
the same thing, and I have not received a reply. The heifer is "Michigan
Maid;" we have had possession of the heifer for two years, and she is
ready to drop her calf. We have sold her, and we want to give title to the
heifer — that is, a transfer; and we want to be in good shape to get her calf
registered, and I ask the Board to grant me the transfer. I am ready to
make an affidavit to the fact that this heifer has teen owned by us for
these two years, and that there is no question about her title. I have
given the person a legal bill of sale of the heifer.

Mr. W. G-. Powell moved that the matter be referred to Secretary Wales,
with instructions to make the transfer when he becomes satisfied it should
be done.

Seconded and carried.

58 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Hoeb: I move that a committee of five be appointed, to consist of
three members besides the President and Secretary of this Association, to,
by correspondence or subsequent meeting, arrange the special premiums to
be offered by our Association, with full authority to hold a meeting for
that purpose, or to settle the question by correspondence, as the committee
may determine. I offer it as a resolution.

Seconded and carried.

The chair appointed as such committee Messrs. Horr, Liggett, and
Burrell.

Upon the request of Mr. Burrell, Mr. S. Hoxie was substituted as a
member of the committee in his place.

Upon motion, Messrs. T. G. Yeomans and W. B. Smith were added to
the committee.

The committee appointed to recommend judges to act at state fairs, or
other like exhibitions, reported a list of names which the Secretary was
ordered to furnish all applicants, the list to be sent entire and without
comment.

It was voted that should H. D. Warner, of Connecticut, make applica-
tion for membership, the same be accepted on payment of the usual fee;
in which case he is named as one of the Inspectors of the Advanced Reg-
istry.

Mr. F. C. Stevens asked to be heard, and spoke as follows:

Mr. President and Gentlemen: I come before you at this time to ask for
the consideration of a liberal appropriation for duplicate premiums for our
International Fair, to be held in Buffalo, N. Y.

Taking into consideration the magnitude of the concern, and what we
are trying to do, we would like to have you give us the same appropriation
that you give Columbus for class premiums, and that where we offer pre-
miums for sweepstakes, where Holsteins come into competition with others,
we ask you to duplicate the premiums offered by the International Fair As-
sociation. The fair will commence September 4th of this year, and con-
tinue ten days. It will be our purpose to offer premiums for dairy cows
and their products, so that we will get a fair test. Every facility will be
offered, and every known device will be there for testing; it will be the
greatest exhibition of the kind that has ever been held in this country.

Mr. Huidekoper moved that the request of Mr. Stevens be referred to the
committee just appointed, to be acted upon after the receipt of offerings
made by the International Exposition.

The President: Does the gentleman make the motion that it be
referred to them with power to act?

1888.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 59

Mr. Huidekoper: Certainly. As I understand it. Mr. Stevens asks us
to duplicate the premiums without giving us the amount of the premiums
or any other information. As quick as he furnishes us with the informa-
tion our committee has some basis on which to work. The motion is that
upon the information furnished by the International Exposition committee
to our Secretary, it be referred to this committee, which has been appointed
with power to act.

Mr. Huidekoper's motion was seconded and carried.

Upon motion of Mr. Horr, the Board went into executive session.

Mr. Huidekoper moved that Isaac C. Otis, O. P. Chapman, S. Burcbard,
S. N. Wright, J. C. Poor, and Carey R. Smith be appointed Inspectors of
Imported Cattle.

Seconded and carried.

Mr. Huidekoper moved that the members of the committee just ap-
pointed as Inspectors of Imported Cattle and Jere Allis, J. N. Muncey,
J. L. Stone, Asa R. Sturtevant, A. Bradley, and T. N. Figuers be appointed
Inspectors of Advanced Registry.

Seconded and carried.

Upon motion, the meeting adjourned.

60 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Report of Feeding Steers of Different

Breeds at the Agricultural

College of Michigan.

la March last we published a bulletin (No. 24) which outlined in some
degree the proposed experiment of feeding good representatives of some of
the best known breeds of cattle from calfhood to maturity, under the same
conditions. This bulletin also contained the breeding of the ten animals
secured for this purpose — two each of pure-bred Galloways, Short-Horns,
Holsteins, and Jerseys; one Hereford, and one Devon — with a complete
record of the food consumed, daily ration, monthly weights, and gains up
to March 10th, 1887.

The present bulletin gives the results for the seven months ending Octo-
ber 10th, 1887.

Since the date of the last bulletin the steers have been allowed to run in
a small field adjoining the experimental barn, in suitable weather, but have
been taken up regularly three times a day and fed a meal and hay ration.
When kept in stalls they have been watered regularly three times daily,
and when outside have had free access to the water-tanks. During the
early part of the season they had a fair bite of grass, but in the long con-
tinued drouth later they were entirely dependent on the food supplied in
the stalls. No account has been made of the pasture, as all had an equal
chance in that respect.

In April and May the steers had a small daily ration of ensilage or roots,
from five to eight pounds. The meal fed was made up of one-third oats
and corn ground half and half, one-third wheat-bran, and one-third oil-meal,
from April to August 24th. Since that date the proportions have been fifty
pounds corn and oats, ten pounds calf-meal, and thirty pounds wheat-bran.

Some of the animals have made greater gains than were looked for; others
have failed to reach weights expected.

It should be remembered that the animals were not selected on account
of any phenomenal development, but the object was to get good average
animals of the various breeds, feed and care for them well, and exactly alike,
save in amount of food, and see how they would respond in growth and
flesh. Their answers are given in the following tables, which I trust will
prove of interest to cattle men.

J very greatly regret that we have had but one specimen of the Hereford
and Devon breeds, but circumstances beyond our control prevented our
securing them for this purpose.

The State Board of Agriculture are in hearty sympathy with this line
of work, and we propose to secure another lot of calves during the coming-
summer for another test. Any parties having well bred and promising
calves that they would like to have fed in this way are requested to write
me.

1888.]

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

61

While this single test with a limited number of animals does not posi-
tively demonstrate the value of the breeds, it is still hoped that the work
is in the right direction, and that a number of tests of this port may lead
to a more perfect knowledge of the feeding quality and habits of growth of
the different breeds, which will be of real practical value to all breeders of
cattle.

00
00

51

PS?

2 o-o

.2 00

•"O 5

«o 5.

-5 © T3 -S ""■ 00

a"

So5

>. o 0

a-§ §^s"

u

Po"

■sr .«.

S-" ft

©«» ^"2 2

Name of

Date of

Z «"

QDCO 1

■a =o" |

"SCSi o§S"

Animal.

Breed.

Birth.

C .
■Q «

a oj

<*-. ^ GO

(^ oo r~

° ,00

£o§

«23,S .

o a

hO ai

■S~*o

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J >8o 2
Grain 1 Hay.

# 2
tuft

I1

ftO§
So©

03-> ft
O

2 3 33
<

<

S -°°

.SO 00

Latitude

Devon

Mar.

23, 1886

820

1.45

2 228

2,413

1.33

3.43

3.71

King Jumbo..

Feb.

17, 1886

1,050

1.75 1 2,617

2,937

1.48

3.62

4.07

Galloway

1, 1S86

1,266
1,100

1.95 3,261

3,862
3,381

1.64

4 08

4.84

Hendriks

Oct.

27, 1885

1.54 2,540

1.12

4.65

6.19

Potter

Jersey

Veh

25, 1886

925

1.56 2,205

2,771

1.58

2.85

3.57

Aug.
Nov.

27, 1885

1,046
1,406

1.35 ! 3,835
2.03 1 4,051

3,937
4.422

I 16

6 77

6 95

Beltz

Holstein

17, 1885

1.72

4.85

529

Holstein

Feb.

26. 1886

1,126

1.9

2,972

3,172

1.76

3.47

3.7

Short-Horn...
Short-Horn...

Nov.
Dec.

25, 1885
17, 1885

1,310
1,160

1.9 L

1.75

3,827
3,148

3,983
3,613

1.58
1.56

4.98
4.14

5.17

Holt

4.75

It is our intention to continue the feeding of these steers for another
year, when the final results may be compared.

Samuel Johnson,

Professor of Agriculture.

Months, 1887.

Daily Ration
— pounds.

© a

Weights and Gains — pounds.

03 bd .

.5P.5H

» Mft

A «T5

v~ 2

Holstein steer, Beltz —
March 10 to April 10

May 10

June 10

July 10

August 10

September 10

October 10 ....
Holstein, Nicholas —
March 10 to April 10

May 10

June 10

July 10

August 10

September 10

October 10....

•

11

9.5

12

9.8

13

8.23

14

9.07

15

10.67

16

11.

17

11.02

13

8. '

14

7.3

15

5.87

16

5.47

17

8.23

18

9.2

19

9.47

10.

12.6
7.4
3.2
7.27

13.43

11.43

8.9
11.7
4.73
2.07
5.17
11.43
10.07

990
763
481
368
538
733
679

927
662
334
226
402
619
586

1,080

1,130

50

1.67

1,130

1,170

40

1.34

1,170

1,200

30

1.

1,200

1,268

68

2.2

1,268

1,300

32

1.06

1,300

1,320

20

.67

1,320

1,406

86

2 86

760

810

50

1.67

810

866

56

1.86

866

912

46

1.5

912

950

38

1.2

950

1,000

50

1.67

1,000

1,058

58

1.93

1,058

1,126

68

2.27

1,600

1,350

62

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

Months, 1887.

Daily ration
— pounds.

Weights and Gains — pounds.

■c'2.2

— .2 it

*Mft

J3 »-0

Galloway steer, King Jumbo — i

March 10 to April 10 J 14

May 10 ! 15

June 10 16

July 10 17

August 10 18

September 10 19

October 10 j 20

Galloway steer, Judge —

March 10 to April 10 10

May 10 11

June 10.

July 10

August 10

September 10..

October 10

Hereford steer, Hendricks —
March 10 to April 10

May 10

June 10

July 10

August 10

September 10..

October 10

Short-Horn steer, Homer —
March 10 to April 10

May 10

June 10

July 10

August 10

September 10.

October 10

Short-Horn steer, Holt —
March 10 to April 10

May 10

June 10

July 10

August 10

September 10..

October 10

Devon steer, Latitude —
March 10 to April 10

May 10

June 10

July 10

August 10

September 10..

October 10

Jersey steer, Roscoe —
March 10 to April 10

May 10

June 10

July 10

August 10

September 10..

October 10

Jersey steer, Potter —
March 10 to April 10

May 10

June 10

July 10

August 10

September 10..

October JO

7.

7.3

3.9

5.53

7.7

8.63

7.37

4.7
5.6

8.7
10.07
10 17

7.

7.1

3.87

3.9

5.8

7.67

7.93

8.5
8.8
6.6
7.34
10.07
10.03
10.47

8.1

2.89

4.27

7.8

8.13

5.5
5.6

4.97

5.77

6.7

7.23

6.8

8.5
8.5
5 53
5.43

7.57

7.8

7.8

5.5
5.7
3.5
5.4

7.17

7.4

7.97

7.9
9.3
2.87
1.17
3.4
10.87
6.07

8.9
11.3
3.87
1.77
4.53
13.6
10.43

10.2
4.67
2.7
4.6

11.87
9.

8.9
12.2
5.37
2.73
5.37
12.03
10.05

8.9

11.2

3.87

1.87

4.7

13.3

10.4

7.
9.

5.27
1.57
2.13
10.
7.73

11.5
4.57
1.93
4.4
9.4
8.1

7.
8.6
3.23
1.43
3.34
11.07
9.83

867
592
219
201
333
584

927
697
270
221
397
710
618

870
611
272
198
312
586
508

942
723
389
302
463
662
629

927
673
219
184
375
643
576

735
530
339
220
277
517
436'

867
690
307
221
359
516
477

645
485
218
205
315
567
534

746
810
850
879
942
985

403 1,040

810
850
879
942
985
1,040
1,050

974
1,040
1,076

960

974
1,040
1,076 ! 1,123
1,123 i 1,140
1,140 j 1,208
1,208 1,266

874
890
920
940

920
940
1,010

1,010 : 1,030
1,030 i 1,062

1,062 ; 1,100

1,052
1,072
1,120
1,128
1,170
1,209
1,242

914

920

970

988

1,060

1,090

1,106

500
550
580
630

688
696

774

870

900

938

950

1,004

1,010

1,004

588
628
660
720
802
800
860

1,072
1,120
1,128
1,170
1,209
1,242
1,310

920
970
988
1,060
1,090
1,106
1,160

550

580
630
688
696
774
820

900
938
950
1,004
1,010
1,004
1,046

628
660
720

802
800
860
925

6
50
18
72
30
16
54

50
30
50

58

8

78

46

30
38
12
54
6
lost 6
42

40
32
60
82
lost 2
60
65

2.13
1.34

.97
2.1
1.43
1.83

.34

.47
2.2
1 2
1.54

.57
2.27
1.93

.5
1.

.67
2.34

.67
1.07
1.27

.67
1.6

.27
1.4
1.3
1.1
2.27

.2
1.67

.6
2.4
1.

.53
1.8

1.67
1.

1.67
1.9
.27
2.6
1.53

1.

1.27

.4

1.8

1.4

1.34

1.07

2.

2.7

......

2.17

The above was presented by M. L. Sweet, of Grand Kapids, Michigan.

PROCEEDINGS

FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING

Holstein ~ Friesian

Association

OF AMERICA,

HELD AT

New York, N. Y., March 20TH, 1889,

Reports of Meetings of the Board of Officers,

Charter, Revised By-Laws, List of Officers

and Members Of the Association.

Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, Printers, Davenport, Iowa.
1889.

OFFICERS OF TIKE

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.

FOR 1BS9-80.

President .
EDGAR HUIDEKOPER, Meadville, Penn.

First Vice-President, G. D. WHEELER, Deposit, N. Y.

Second Vice-President, JERE ALLIS, Isinours, Minn.

Third Vice-President, JOHN A. FRYE, Marlboro, Mass.

Fourth Vice-President, D. H. BURRELL, Little Falls, N. Y.

Secretary and Editor.

THOMAS B. WALES, Iowa City, Iowa.

Directors.

W. G. POWELL, Springboro, Penn.

T. G. YEOMANS, Walworth, N. Y.

W. M. SINGERLY, Philadelphia, Penn.

MARTIN L. SWEET, Grand Rapids, Mich.

C. W. HORR, Wellington, Ohio.

C. R. PAYNE, Hamilton, N. Y.

Treasurer.

W. BROWN SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

Superintendent of Advanced Registry.

S. HOXIE, Yorkville, N. Y.

Inspectors of Advanced Registry.

S. HOXIE (Superintendent), Yorkville, N. Y.

O. P. CHAPMAN, Wellington, Ohio.

S. BURCHARD Hamilton, N. Y.

S. N. WRIGHT, Elgin, 111.

H. B. DAGGETT Hampton, Iown.

J. L. STONE, Waverly, Pen i.

A. R. STURTEVANT, ^ Springboro, 1'enn.

CAREY R. SMITH Santa Ana, Cal.

A. BRADLEY, Lee, Mass.

J. C. POOR, North Andover, Mass.

H. D. WARNER, , Lanesville, Conn.

W. A. ROAVLEY, Mt. Clemens, Mich.

T. N. FIGUERS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

J. R. BEUCHLER, Leesburg, Va.

MEMBERS

OF THE

Holstein-Friesian Association of America.

Aiken, M. A., Oneida, New York.

Albaugh, N. H., Tadmor, Ohio.

Allen, Irving W., East Syracuse, New York.

Allen, William H., Groton, New York.

Allis, Jere, Isinours, Minnesota.

Anderson, Mons, La Crosse, Wisconsin.

Archibald, D. H., Oxford, Mississippi.

Avery, T. G., Buffalo, New York.

Babcock, F. G., Hornellsville, New York.

Bakeb, Buftts, Fairfield, Michigan.

Barney, N. C, New York, New York.

Barr, W. B., New York, New York.

Baxter, Jere, Nashville, Tennessee.

Beal, J. O., ... ; ..... . Eollin, Michigan.

Beal, W. J., Lansing, Michigan.

Beauchamp, E. P., Terre Haute, Indiana. iM

Beauchamp, J. A., . Nashville, Tennessee. Y;'

Bell, John W., Shelby ville, Kentucky.

Bent, William H., Cochituate, Massachusetts.

Beuchler, J. B., Leesburg, Virginia:

Bid well, M. S., Monterey, Massachusetts:1 ]

Bishop, W. W., Aurora, Illinois.

Black, James, Stanley, New York. >

Blessing, C. L. G., Slingerlands, New York.

Bleyker, J. den, Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Boardman, H. E., Bochester, New York.

■ T

Borton, JobH., Carlton, Kansas.

Bower, B. B., Vinita, Indian Territory.

BRACE, H. L., West Winfield, NeWYori^

Breuer, H. F. W., Charleston, South Carolina.

Bradley, A., . . . . ...... Lee, Massachusetts,

Brayton, W. C, Syiacuse, New York!"'

uauQ

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Brocket, C. Z., Bouckville, New York.

Brooks, J. T., Salem, Ohio.

Brown, C. A., Portland, Maine.

Brown, A. W., Unadilla Forks, New York.

Brown, George E., Aurora, Illinois.

Buchanan, James N., Chicago, Illinois.

Buel, W. J., Hamilton, New York.

Burch, Eobert, West Schuyler, New York.

Burchard, Sylvester, Hamilton, New York.

Burrell, David H, Little Falls, New York.

Burrell, E. J., Little Falls, New York.

Carlisle, N. S., St. Charles, Illinois.

Carpenter, G. M., Waverly, Pennsylvania.

Carter, E. D., Humbird, Wisconsin.

Chaffee, B., Springville, New York.

Chapin, William M., Sheffield, Massachusetts.

Chapman, 0. P., Wellington, Ohio.

Chenery, W. L., Belmont, Massachusetts.

Clark, W. B., Goodlettsville, Tennessee.

Clark, William B., Hillsdale, Michigan.

Clarke, Jeremiah, Andover, New York.

Cole, A. F., . . .• Pine Woods, New York.

Cole, Ogden, Addison, Michigan.

Cole, 0. R., Solsville, New York.

Collins, J. B., Chicago, Illinois.

Comer, J. H., * New York, New York.

Coon, Morel, West Edmeston, New York.

Cooper, Irving O, Theresa, New York.

Coy, Edward L., West Hebron, New York.

Crandall, W. D., West Edmeston, New York.

Crapsee, Charles, Cresco, Iowa.

Cruikshank, J. W., Troy, Ohio.

Cummings, John, Cummingsville, Massachusetts.

Curtis, J. M., Wilmington, Delaware.

Curtis, N. B., Stockbridge, Massachusetts.

Dale, M. H., Scranton, Pennsylvania.

Damon, Isaac, Cochituate, Massachusetts.

Dean, John L., Westmoreland, New York.

DeGraaf, G. V., Cortland, New York.

Dilger, Hubert, Front Royal, Virginia.

Dodge, Thomas H., Worcester, Massachusetts.

Dorwin, William E., Owego, New York.

Downing, A. S., Palmyra, New York.

Dudley, Hortense, Oakville, Kentucky.

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

Duenall, Edwin J., . Goshenville, Pennsylvania.

Dutcher, J. B., Pawling, New York.

Dutches, J. G-., Pawling, New York.

Easton, H. S., Penn Yan, New York.

Edmunds, Amos, Disco, Illinois.

Ellis, A. V., Austin, Minnesota.

Ellis, J. T., Flemington, New Jersey.

Ellwood, L., . . Schenectady, New York.

Emeeson, S. B., Mountain View, California.

Emeick, G. M., Chicago, Illinois.

Ewing, William L. , St. Louis, Missouri.

Fakeington, William, San Jose, California.

Fay, Elon G., Bryan, Ohio.

Ferguson, T. G., Stella, Nebraska.

Figuees, T. N., Spring Hill, Tennessee.

Finnegan, Thomas, Bouckville, New York.

FiSK, Geoege C, Springfield, Massachusetts.

Fitch, C. H., Boston, Massachusetts.

Fletchee, George B., Williamsport, Pennsylvania.

Folger, B. W. , Kingston, Ontario.

Foster, Henry, Clifton Springs, New York.

Frederick, L. S., Shelbyville, Kentucky.

French, Albert, Hamilton, Ohio.

Frost, Rufus S., Boston, Massachusetts.

Frye, John A., . . Marlborough, Massachusetts.

Fullerton, William, Clifton Station, Virginia.

Gale, H. C, Tivoli, New York.

Gardiner, W. L., Clarksfield, Ohio.

Gebbie, Alexander, Lowville, New York.

Geddes, George, Fair Mount, New York.

Gifford, W. H., Syracuse, New York.

Gilbert, F. M., Des Moines, Iowa.

Goodfellow, Cornelius H., ... Cato, New York.

Goodpasture, A. V., St. Bethlehem, Tennessee.

GEACEY, F. P., Clarksville, Tennessee .

Gregoey, N. B., Unadilla, New York.

Guenee, W. S., New York, New York.

Hack, W. C, Orwell, Vermont.

Hageety, F. H. , Aberdeen, Dakota.

Ham, J. M., Washington Hollow, New York.

Hammond, H. B., New York, New York.

Hancock, John, Barre, Massachusetts.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

Hanke, William, Iowa City, Iowa.

Harvey, T. W., Chicago, Illinois.

Harwood, P. M., Barre, Massachusetts.

Hatch, H. H., Bay City, Michigan.

Haviland, Joseph, Glen's Falls, New York.

Hayes, W. J., Ravenna, Ohio.

Hemingway, W. L., Jackson, Mississippi.

Henderson, James L , Washington, Pennsylvania.

Hibbard, H. G., Orwell, Vermont.

Hicks, John H., West Chester, Pennsylvania.

Hicks, William H., Goshenville, Pennsylvania.

Hinkley, O. B., Brookfield, New York.

Hinkley, D. J. , Brookfield, New York.

Hoffman, A. E., Fort Wayne, Indiana.

Horn, Henry, Duquoin, Illinois.

Horr, C. W, . . . Wellington, Ohio.

Houghton, Charles, Boston, Massachusetts.

Houghton, F. L., Putney, Vermont.

Howard, J. W., Aberdeen, Mississippi.

Howard, S. P., Fairport, New York.

Howard, Warren A Brocton, Massachusetts.

Howkins, William, Newark, New Jersey.

Hoxie, S. ,...'" ' Whitesboro, New York.

Hoxie, S. L., South Edmeston, New York.

Hughes, W. E., Dallas, Texas.

Huidekoper. A. C, Meadville, Pennsylvania.

Huidekoper, Edgar*, Meadville, Pennsylvania.

Hunt, Charles, Delphi, New York.

Hunter, John, Sterling Valley, New York.

Huntington, John, Cleveland, Ohio.

Hush, Valentine G., Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Jackson, George F., Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Jackson, William O., South Bend, Indiana.

Jewett, F. J., Farmington, New York.

Jewett, Henry C, Buffalo, New York.

Jewett, Sherman S., Willink, New York.

Jones, Edgar, Nashville, Tennessee.

Jones Leander, Boone Grove. Indiana.

Kemp, Edward.' '7( ■'!' . . .
Keyes, H. W., ......

■'^km'mi'M; \\esuy, . . .

Knowlks, F. ?,.,

KocH/Wn.r.fAM,

. New York; New/Vofc1'1
. Newbnry, Vermont,1

Dayton, Ohio.

.M X ,MAH

Worcester; Massa'ciiu'seW: ! '
New York, "NeWYork1.

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

Lamb, Anthony, Syracuse, New York.

Langdon, Samuel A., Morrison, Illinois.

Langworthy, Hollum, West Edmeston, New York,

Langworthy, Ekwin, South Brookfield, New York.

Langworthy, Morgan, West Edmeston, New York.

Leonard, H. D., Lincoln, Nebraska. -' 'i

Liggett, William M., Benson, Minnesota.

Lightner, John, Iowa, Louisiana. ^>

Lord, B. B., Sinclairville, New York1.1'1

Lord, C. J Sinclairville, New York.

:
McAlpin, D. H., New York, New York.

McGillin, E. M., Cleveland, Ohio.

McGraw, T. H., Bay City, Michigan.

McIntyre, Samuel, Salt Lake City, Utah.

McIntyre, S. Maxwell, ..... Dresden, New York.

McNary, Frank E., West Le Roy, Michigan.

McPherson, J. R., Belle Mead, New Jersey.

MacVeagh, Wayne, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Mann, F. I., Gilman, Illinois.

Mann, J. S., . Elgin, Illinois.

Martin, Joseph J., ....... . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Maxwell, Joshua I., . Geneva, New York.

Maxwell, T. C, ........ . Geneva, New York.

Merritt, M. F., ......... Stamford, Connecticut.

Miller, Dudley, Oswego, New York.

Miller, E. P., . New York, New York.

Miller, Gerrit S., Peterboro, New York.

Moore, H. C, . Fond du Lac, Wisconsin.

Moore, M. E., . Cameron, Missouri.

Morehouse, George R., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Morse, L. C, Sparta, Wisconsin.

Muncey, J. N., . Jesup, Iowa.

Myer, H. van W., Madison, New Jersey.

Myers, M. J., . Wells, Minnesota.

A'!. - .....

. . . . . .

Navarro, J. F., New York, New York. .,,,

Neilson, James, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Newman, W-W., South Onondaga, New York.

Niles, William, Los Angeles, California.

Nowell, T. S., North Platte, Nebraska.

..[■'<>; ! - '/•■>•

Officer, Thomas, ,. Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Osterhout, Stanton. Cobleskill, New York,

Otis, Isaac C, Jordan, New York.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Packard, B. G., Rome, New York.

Patterson, F. W., Lochearn, Maryland.

Patterson, W. H., Cresco, Iowa.

Payne, C. R., Hamilton, New York.

Payne, L. H., Garrettsville, Ohio.

Perry, F. S., Lenox Furnace, Massachusetts.

Phelon, J. V., Wellington, Ohio.

Phelps, Edwin, . . . . Pontiac, Michigan.

Phillips, E. R, Bay City, Michigan.

Phillips, William I., Ellington, New York.

Pierce, George A., Derby Line, Vermont.

1'olhemus, George B., Coyote, California.

Poor, James C, North Andover, Massachusetts.

Pope, De Mott E., South Edmeston, New York.

Potter, 0. B., New York, New York.

Potter, W. H., Alpena, Michigan.

Potter, W. J., Glen's Falls, New York.

Powell, E A., Syracuse, New York.

Powell, James L., Springboro, Pennsylvania.

Powell, Will. B.. Springboro, Pennsylvania.

Powell, W. G., Springboro, Pennsylvania.

Pratt, C, Syracuse, New York.

Pratt, W. A., Elgin, Illinois.

Proper, W. W., . . Jefferson, New York.

Piigsley, H. V.. Plattsburg, Missouri.

Radford, W. T., Pembroke, Kentucky.

Ray, E. K., ... Franklin, Massachusetts.

Ray, Joseph, G., Franklin, Massachusetts.

Reed. William W.. Erie, Pennsylvania.

Riley, C. T., Troy, Ohio.

Roberts, Charles W. , West Chester, Pennsylvania.

Robins, J. N., New York, New York.

Robinson, Charles, Barre Plains, Massachusetts.

Rowland, Lynford Cheltenham, Pennsylvania.

Rowley, W. A., Mt. Clemens, Michigan.

Rumsey, C. E., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Russell, Luther, ........ Burton, Ohio.

Russell, W. A., Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Rust, J., North Greenfield, Wisconsin.

Sanborn, J. S., Boston, Massachusetts.

Savage, F. B., Newburg, New York.

SCHUYLER, R. P., West Troy, New York.

SCUDDER, OGDEN H., Randolph, New York.

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

Seabtjry, E. K., Walpole, New Hampshire.

Seeley, M. E., Farmington, Michigan.

Seveky, C. A., Leland, Illinois.

Severy, Dexter, Leland, Illinois.

Sever Y, Henry A., Sandwich, Illinois.

Sexton, W. K., Howell, Michigan.

Shallcross, J. W., Jr Louisville, Kentucky.

Shallcross, M. B., Louisville, Kentucky.

Sherman, D. H., Dover Elains, New York.

Shimer, A. S., Eedington, Fennsylvania.

Sholes, N. F., Earlville, New York.

Siedler, Charles, Jersey City, New Jersey.

Singerly, W. M., Fhiladelphia, Pennsylvania.

Slade, H. F., Oneonta, New York.

Smith, C. C, Meadow Brook, New York.

Smith, Carey E., Santa Ana, California.

Smith, Elizttr Lee, Massachusetts.

Smith, Eugene, Nashville, Tennessee.

Smith, Everett, Waltham, Massachusetts.

Smith, Harlan P East Saginaw, Michigan.

Smith, J. Gregory St. Albaus, Vermont.

Smith, J. N., New York, New York.

Smith, Thomas E., Lincoln, Virginia.

Smith, W. Brown, Syracuse, New York.

Smith, W. H., New Carlisle, Ohio.

Smith, W. J., Syracuse, New York.

Smith, Wing E., . . Syracuse, New York.

Spencer, Theodore L., Madison, New York.

Spofford, T. M., Pulaski, Tennessee.

Stanford, Leland, San Francisco, California.

Stanton, T. G., Oxford, New York.

Steele, E. W., San Luis Obispo, California.

Stevens, F. C, Attica, New York.

Stevens, Henry, Lacona, New York.

Stevens, E. S., Attica, New York.

Stillwell, J. W., Troy, Ohio.

Stock well, B. F., Chester Center, Iowa.

Stone, J. L., Waverly, Pennsylvania.

Sturtevant, A. E., Springboro, Pennsylvania.

Sweet, Martin L., Grand Eapids, Michigan.

Sweezey, C. F., Marion, New York.

Sweezey, S. W., Marion, New York.

Taft, E. P., Providence, Ehode Island.

Taylor, C. C, Collins, New York.

10 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Taylor, D. H., Strawberry Point, Iowa.

Tefft, E. A., South Elgin, Illinois.

Thompson, Samuel R Stelton, New Jersey.

Thompson, M. C, Randallsville, New York.

Tilton, W. S., Boston, Massachusetts.

Tousey, W. H., Bay City, Michigan.

Tracy, D. D., Erie, Pennsylvania.

Trotter, Henry, Salem, Ohio.

True, D. W., Portland, Maine.

Trulock, James H., Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

Tuckerman, J. B., Cassville, New York.

Underhill, F. T., New York, New York.

Underwood, Arthur, Red Lands, California.

Underwood, J. M., Lake City, Minnesota.

Vale, B. R , Bonaparte, Iowa.

Vandevort, C. H., Amity, New York

Van Dreser, Henry Cobleskill, New York.

Van Dreser, J. W., Cobleskill, New York.

Wade, I. C, Jamestown, Dakota.

Wales, Thomas B., Iowa City, Iowa.

Wales, Thomas B., Jr. , Iowa City, Iowa.

Walworth, C. C, Boston, Massachusetts.

Warner, H. D., Lanesville, Connecticut.

Warner, H. O., New Milford, Connecticut.

Warner, S. L., New Milford, Connecticut.

Warwick, George, Dnmmerstown, Vermont.

Washburn, E. M., Hillsdale, Michigan.

Waterman, Henry, Boston, Massachusetts.

Waterman, Rufus, Jr., ..... East Greenwich, Rhode Island.

Webber, W. L., East Saginaw, Michigan.

Wells, George L., Wethersfield, Connecticut.

Westover, William, Bay City, Michigan.

Wheeler, C. A., Deposit, New York.

Wheeler, G. D , Deposit, New York.

Whipple, Dallas B., . Cuba, New York.

White, D. M., Hudson, Wisconsin,- ;T;; ,Tg

White, Howard G., Syracuse,, New-York.

White, JosiahH,, Lakeville, Caiifo^n^.v a a wg

White, WiU/Ard, . , . ., . . . . .Boston, Masgaclmsetjfcs.vi avfS

Whiting, G. M., Torrington, Connecticut.

Whitney, 11. M., Boston, Massachusetts^ . , ( r,,

Whitworth, J. L., . . . '.Nashville, Tennessee. ' ... ,T

Wilcox, A. G., Minneapolis, Minnesota.

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 11

Willetts, W. E., Skaneateles, New York.

Williams, George F. , Fitchburg, Massachusetts.

Wilson, G. O., Baltimore, Maryland.

Wilson, J. B., . . . Washington, Pennsylvania.

Wilson, R. R., Plymouth, Wisconsin.

Wolcott, Charles W., Dedham, Massachusetts.

Wood, Don J., West Exeter, New York.

Woolsey, W. W., Aiken, South Carolina.

Wright, Alfred P Buffalo, New York.

Wright, J. F., Shell Rock, Iowa.

Wright, S. N., South Elgin, Illinois.

Yeomans, E. L., Walworth, New York.

YEOMANS, L. T., Walworth, New York.

Yeomans, T. G., Walworth, New Yoik.

FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING

OF THE

HOLSTBIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

Held at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, N. Y.,
March 20th, 1889.

The President: Gentlemen, it is now time to commence our proceed-
ings for this meeting, and members will do me a kindness if they will
announce their names when they arise to address the chair, as I am un-
acquainted with a great many here, and it is desirable that the reporter
should get all the names of those who speak in the meeting.

The Secretary will now call the roll.

The roll was then called. Sixty-two answered present, and two hundred
and twenty-five were represented by proxies.

The next order of business will be my address, and I will ask the Sec-
retary to be kind enough to read it for me.

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

Gentlemen: — At the opening of our fourth annual meeting, I desire to,
congratulate you on the strength and high standing of our Association,
which have been so well maintained during the past year.

In membership we are gradually increasing, and our Treasurer's report
shows that as an Association we are well-to-do, and financially sound. Oar
cattle, as a breed, are still at the front, notwithstanding all efforts to dis-
place them. We have stood well during the year wherever we have en-
tered for competitive tests. Some projected tests which might have aroused
great interest among dairymen were not, in fact, made, because they
were set down for the summer months, when very few cows are fresh in
milk.

We have made a good fight to attain our present position, and now let
us keep it, and never back down when competition with other breeds is
offered. A generous rivalry will stimulate us to renewed effort, but in-
difference will tend towards gradual decay. *

Owing to the number of Holstein-Friesians now in this country, we
have become practically independent of Holland as a source of supply, and

14 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

importations have almost wholly ceased.* It will be well, however, to see
that the source of supply is kept as pure as required by our regulations,
and to let the Hollanders know that we are still greatly interested in what
they are doing.

During the past year the partial failure of crops, and the general
downward tendency of all commodities, has materially affected our cattle
interests. Let me urge you to a renewal of your aggressive activity, and
a general revival of interest in all that pertains to our breed.

Echo, Mercedes, Aaggie, Pietertje, and a few others, have become very
prominent names in the dairy world. I am sure that these are not phe-
nomenal, but simply representative of the breed. There is no doubt in
my mind that there are many more comparatively unknown cows that are
equally good. Bring them out, gentlemen, and show the people the sort
of stock we are raising.

Laws now in force are reasonably successful in protecting those who
desire to eat bread and butter instead of bread and lard, or bread and
tallow.

Butter substitutes put up and sold for what they are, and to a public
preferring a substitute to the genuine article, ought not to do us any harm.
So long as that business is conducted squarely, we may as well keep
silent, and turn the rest of the trouble over to the physicians. Any at-
tempt on the part of the substitute men to change our laws should be
promptly met by us.

There is some agitation in our Association over the system of Advanced
Registry. It is not generally and extensively used by our members, but
those who do use it are entitled to reasonable benefits from it, and are in-
terested in its perpetuation, having already expended considerable time
and means in advancing their cattle to this registry. There is nothing
compulsory about it, and as it stands, it does not signify except as to the
individuals which it describes. The overwhelming majority of our cattle
are never offered for advancement. Personally I have not had the time to
give the Advanced Registry much attention, and none of my cattle have
been offered for advancement, but there is one phase of the question which
should furnish an answer to every argument for its abolition.

Most of us will recollect that the institution of the Advanced Registry
by the Holstein-Friesian Association was one of the conditions of union
of the Holstein and Dutch-Friesian Associations.

Gentlemen, that was a part of our faith with one another when the two
associations became one, and should be respected.

To those who object to the so-called aristocracy of advanced cattle,
we would say that we do not believe that any of our members will be so
short-sighted as to claim that by reason of advanced registry their cattle
are any better than those of their neighbors who have not seen fit to have
them formally advanced. If the time ever comes when obnoxious com-
parisons will be drawn, a new question will be presented, which may then
be dealt with as the emergency demands.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 15

Among many questions of importance coming up at this meeting will
be that of the restriction of pedigree registration of males. There is much
to be said for and against such restrictions. Theoretically, it is undoubtedly
correct. What its practical working may be among the farmers and small
breeders, upon whom we rely for our market, is a matter of great gravity.

As an association we have prospered financially — the surplus has not
grown particularly burdensome, but at this time it will be well to reduce
the fees for registry and transfer. Of course we can return to a higher
scale whenever the necessity for more money arises.

The reduction of these fees may do away with proposed changes or
reduction of the fee for membership. When the other fees become merely
nominal, the advantage of the member over the non-member will not be
greatly apparent.

A good balance in the treasury is advisable at all times, both for current
expense money, and for those expenses incident to necessary representation
before legislative bodies. We have been able to offer special premiums at
public tests and exhibitions, and have aroused the people to the knowledge
that the Holstein-Friesians are really very good cattle, after all that their
would-be rivals have said against them.

Gentlemen, I have been greatly honored by your choice for President
during the year j ust closed. We have acted in harmony, and are prosperous.
Questions may come up at this meeting upon which our opinion may be
divided, but we cannot go very far wrong if we have in view always what
we believe shall be for the best interest of our association and our breed.

May I bespeak for my successor the same kindly consideration and sup-
port which have been accorded to me during my term of office.

The next order of business is the Committee on Proxies.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I move that the chair appoint a committee of
two, with the understanding that I shall not be one of the committee.

The motion prevailed, and the President appointed as such committee
Anthony Lamb and C. W. Wolcott.

The President: The Secretary will now read his report:

SECRETAEY'S KEPORT.

To the Members of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America : Gentle-
men :— I beg leave to present the following as my report for the past year,
which, if carefully examined and compared with reports of other like
associations, I feel sure will meet with your general approbation. I take
this opportunity, however, to state that I feel positive good results would
follow the adoption of the few slight changes in our by-laws proposed to-
day which bear upon the business of the Association. I refer, in the first
place, to the large volume of correspondence in relation to the naming of
animals. A vast number of letters are yearly written on this subject —

16 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

mostly to non-members of the Association — the greater part of which
could be dispensed with if the proposed addition to Section 5 of Article IV.
of the by-laws is agreed upon, as I trust it will be. I also hope that the
necessary changes will be made authorizing the Secretary to issue more
than one volume of the Herd-Book each year. I would strongly recommend
that each volume be closed as soon as a sufficient number of pedigrees have
been received, and as the registry of males will undoubtedly relatively
decrease, it would be well, as it seems to me, to publish the pedigrees of
males and females in one book, and issue as soon as a desirable-sized volume
is assured. By a continuance of our present plan we will soon put out a
volume of such size as to be inconvenient and altogether unmanagable.
By the adoption of the plan I propose we would not only have our volumes
uniform, but the work could be done at a considerable saving of labor and
expense.

Our membership now numbers three hundred and thirty-two, which
will be increased to three hundred and forty-three provided the eleven ap-
plications of gentlemen who now desire to join us are accepted. The death
of but one member has been reported to me during the year — Mr. John
Mitchell, of Vail's Gate, New York. As it may prove of interest to you
to know how this membership is distributed among the states, I will say
that 119 reside in New York, 32 in Massachusetts, 24 in Pennsylvania, 21
in Michigan, 18 in Illinois, 17 in Ohio, 12 in Iowa, 8 in Minnesota, 8 in
Tennessee, 8 in California; Wisconsin and New Jersey have 7 each; Ver-
mont and Connecticut, 6 each; Kentucky. 5; Indiana and Virginia, 4 each;
Missouri, Mississippi, and Nebraska, 3 each; Maryland, Rhode Island, South
Carolina, Maine, and Dakota, 2 each; New Hampshire, Arkansas, Louisi-
ana, Kansas, Delaware, Indian Territory, and Ontario, 1 each.

The breeders of our cattle, as shown by our books, number about 4,850,
and we have now on our records the pedigrees of 17,661 bulls and 27,784
cows — a total of 45,445 animals. Of this number 43,589 have been
registered since 1880, when there were but 1,856 animals on record. It is
therefore safe to claim that no other breed of cattle can show anywhere
near such an increase as ours, and the popularity of the breed has advanced
as rapidly as its numbers. I do not recall an instance where, during the
past year, our cattle have been defeated at the fairs when competing with
other breeds, and in both milk and butter tests made at the leading exhi-
bitions the Holstein-Friesians have nearly always proved the winners.

The special premiums offered by this Association have been awarded
and paid as follows:

To the Home Farm Fine Stock Company, of Hampton, Iowa, for best
butter cow tested at the Iowa State Fair, $70.00; for third best butter cow
at the same fair, $20.00.

To the Friesland Live Stock Company, of Aberdeen, Dakota, for best
butter cow tested at the Dakota Territorial Fair, $66 66.

To I. C. Wade, of Jamestown, Dakota, for the second best butter cow,
$33.34.

1889.] . HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 17

To W. M. Chapin, of Sheffield, Massachusetts, for best butter cow tested
at the Bay State Fair, $50.00.

To W. A. Russell, of Lawrence, Massachusetts, for cjw producing the
largest amount of milk at the Bay State Fair, $50.00.

To B. Waddell, of Marion, Ohio, for duplicate premiums awarded the
steer Ohio Champion, at the American Fat-Stock Show, greatest gain per
day, $50.00; best Holstein-Friesian steer under one year, $30.00; sweep-
stakes, $75.00. To Mr. Waddell was also awarded the first prize for cost of
production, which will entitle him to $50.00 more.

To F. C. Stevens, of Attica, New York, for duplicates of premiums on
butter awarded at the Buffalo International Fair, first on granulated butter,
$60.00; second on thirty-pound package, $50.00; second on package of five
to ten pounds for delivery unbroken to consumer, $30.00; second on prints,
$30.00.

To N. J. Leavitt, of Waseca, Minnesota, for duplicate of special butter
prize at Minnesota State Fair, $15.24.

To Frank A. Leavitt, of Waseca, Minnesota, for duplicate of special
butter prize at Minnesota State Fair, $14.72.

To Jere Allis, of Isinours, Minnesota, for duplicates of the following pre-
miums awarded at the American Fat-Stock and Dairy Show at Chicago,
Illinois: First on Holstein-Friesian butter, $6; second on dairy butter
made in Minnesota, $5.

To Ogden Cole, of Addison, Michigan, for duplicates of premiums at
same exhibition, first and second on Michigan butter, $15.00.

To the Home Farm Fine Stock Company, of Hampton, Iowa, second
premium on dairy butter made in Iowa, $5.00; second premium on Holstein-
Friesian butter, $3.00.
Total, $678.96.

During the year which closed March 1st, there have been recorded 56
imported cows, 3,470 American-bred bulls, and 4,392 American-bred cows
— a total of 7,918 animals; 5,230 transfers of ownership have been made on
our records — 1,934 bulls and 3,296 cows; 101 duplicate certificates have
been issued, showing the total number of certificates issued to be 13,293.
Volume IV. of the Herd-Book closed with the entry of 3,190 bulls and 4,145
cows ; the pedigrees are already printed, and the copy for the tables of trans-
fers and indexes of the volume are well along.

The receipts and expenditures for the year have been as follows:

RECEIPTS.

Received for membership fees $ 1 275 00

For registry of imported cows 1 120 00

From members for registry of bulls 1 237 50

From non-members for registry of bulls 4 380 00

From members for registry of cows 1532 00

From non-members for registry of cows 5 867 50

From members for transfer of bulls 303 50

From non-members for transfer of bulls 1 136 50

From members for transfer of cows 636 50

2

18 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

From non-members for transfer of cows 1,742 50

For duplicate certificates 50 50

For inspection of imported cattle 260 00

For Herd-Books 382 72

$19,922 82

EXPENDITURES.

For Board of Officers' traveling expenses $ 463 20

For clerk hire 2,728 05

For expenses, including office rent 1,140 24

For printing report of meeting, index of cattle, certificate books,

etc 1,227 69

For inspection of imported cattle 44 00

For special premiums 718 96

For stamp account, government envelopes, wrappers, etc 756 34

For Missouri Agricultural College 176 00

For sundry personal accounts, fees refunded, drafts returned for en-
dorsement, etc 212 00

For cash balance remitted to W. Brown Smith, Treasurer 12,180 65

For amount due on registry and transfer fees 275 69

$19,922 82

Respectfully submitted,

Thomas B. Wales,

Secretary.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I move that the report be received and published
in the minutes.

Mr. C. W. Hoee: I suggest that the address of the President be in-
cluded in Mr. Powell's motion.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I accept that suggestion.

Mr. C. W. Hoek: Then I second the motion.

Carried.

The Seceetaey: I am requested to announce that it will be well at
this time to fix upon an hour at which we shall take a recess for luncheon,
as the reporters wish to know how to arrange so that they can get out the
report of the proceedings speedily.

Mr. J. B. Dutchee: I move that we take a recess at 1 o'clock, and
re-assemble at 2 o'clock again.

Mr. J. L. Stone: I second that motion.

Carried.

The Peesident: The report of the Treasurer is the next thing in
order.

TREASURER'S REPORT.

Mr. President, and Gentlemen of the Holstein-Friesian Association of Amer-
ica : I herewith beg leave to make the following report of the receipts and
expenditures of the Association for the fiscal year ending with the date of
this meeting :

1889.]

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

19

RECEIPTS.

1888.

March 21. Balance on hand, as per last report $25,413 36

June 5. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, as per quarterly

report $1,471 44

July 1. Accrued interest on deposit, Syracuse Savings Bank 60 00

July 1. Accrued interest on deposit, Onondaga County Savings

Bank 60 00

July 1. Accrued interest on deposit, Salt Springs National Bank 342 65
Sept. 7. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, as per quarterly

report 2,132 81

Dec. 3. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, as per quarterly

report 2,632 28

Dec. 31. Accrued interest on deposit, Syracuse Savings Bank 60 00

Dec 31. Accrued interest on deposit, Onondaga County Savings

Bank 60 00

Dec. 31. Accrued interest on deposit, Salt Springs National Bank 340 00
March 4. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, as per quarterly

report 5,944 12

Total receipts for fiscal year 13,103 30

$38,516 66

EXPEH DITU RES.
1888.

March 23, S. Burchard, account of Advanced Registry $ 87 61

March 23. Isaac C. Otis, account of Advanced Registry, 24 00

March 23. Thomas B. Wales, salary, six months to March 1st, 1888.. 1,250 00

March 24. S. Hoxie, account of Advanced Registry 56 00

May 1. J. N. Muncey, account of Advanced Registry 24 00

May 1. H. D. Warner, account of Advanced Registry 44 00

July 31. Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, printing Herd-Book, etc 3,684 00

Sept. 15. Thomas B. Wales, salary, six months to Sept. 1st, 1888... 1,250 00

Sept. 15. S. J. Roberts, account of Advanced Registry 16 00

Oct. 9. S. Burchard, account of Advanced Registry 40 00

Oct. 9. S. Hoxie, salary, six months to Sept. 1st, 1888 500 00

Nov. 23. J. N. Muncey, account of Advanced Registry 25 00

1889.

Jan. 12. S. Burchard, account of Advanced Registry 114 00

Feb. 11. H. D. Warner, account of Advanced Registry. 76 00

Feb. 23. S. N. Wright, account of Advanced Registry 16 00

Feb. 20. Thomas B. Wales, salary, six months to March 1st, 1889.. 1,250 00

Feb. 20. W. Brown Smith, salary, one year to March 21st, 1889 250 00

Feb. 20. S. Hoxie, salary, six months to March 21st, 1889 500 00

Total expenses for fiscal year $ 9,206 61

Balance onhand 29,310 05

$38,516 66
Which is deposited as follows :

In Syracuse Savings Bank $ 2,940 00

In Onondaga County Savings Bank 2,910 00

In Salt Springs National Bank 23,430 05

$29,310 05
Respectfully submitted,

W. Brown Smith,

Treasurer.

Mr. W. M. Liggett: I move that the report be received and published

in the minutes.

20 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. S. L. Hoxie: I second that motion.

Carried.

The President: The next business in order is the report of the
Superintendent of Advanced Registry. Mr. Hoxie will read the report:

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF ADVANCED REGISTRY.

To the President and Members of the Holstein- Friesian Association of Amer-
ica: During the official year closing with this meeting, the second volume
of the Advanced Register has been published, bringing the entries of cows
to six hundred and eleven, and of bulls to sixty-one. The cost of printing
and wrapping in suitable form for mailing has been $477.66. The other
expenditures have been as follows:

EXPENDITURES.

Bills for printing rules, blank forms, etc $ 53 58

Stationery not included in printing bills 2 68

Four cattle-measures for Inspectors 20 00

Express charges.. 75

Postage 63 60

Traveling expenses 9 65

Use of telegraph and telephone 1 40

Total expenditures $629 22

RECEIPTS.

Balance on hand at last annual meeting $ 18 42

Copy of first volume Advanced Registry sold 1 65

Registry fees received 242 50

Total receipts $262 57

There is now due the Association for registry fees 8293 00

Due to members for over-payment of registry fees 8 50

S. Hoxie,
Superintendent of Advanced Registry.

Mr. J. D. Wheeler: I move that the report be received and approved,
and published in the minutes.

Mr. W. M. Liggett: I second that motion.

Carried.

The President: The next business in order is the report from com-
mittees. I suppose that the Committee on Proxies is not yet ready to report.
Therefore the proposed amendments to the by-laws will be the first busi-
ness before the Association. I will ask the Secretary to read the proposed
amendments, and the Association can act upon them seriatim.

The Secretary: "Article I. of Section 1. By inserting after 'dol-
lars,' in sixth line: 'Also any firm or corporation, owners of Holstein-
Friesiau cattle in severalty, whose members are all citizens of North
America, may apply for membership as a firm or corporation, and deposit

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 21

the surn of one hundred and fifty dollars. Such firm or corporation, if ad-
mitted, shall be entitled to one vote, and one copy of each volume of the
Herd-Book published after admission."

Mr. C. W. Horr: Mr. President, I would suggest, if there is no motion
in regard to this proposed amendment, that the Secretary proceed to read
the next proposed amendment.

The President: Gentlemen, what will you do with this amendment?

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I move to lay it on the table.

Mr. F. L. Houghton: If that course is pursued, Mr. President, I
would inquire what I am to do with the proxies that I have been instructed
to vote upon. I have been instructed to vote for this amendment by quite
a large number of proxies.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: Vote with them to lay it on the table, then.

Mr. F. L. Houghton: But I have been instructed to vote for the
amendment.

Mr. J. L. Stone: It seems to me, gentlemen, that this proposed amend-
ment touches a matter that has considerable merit in it. There are a great
many members that this Association has on its roll who are receiving no
benefit whatever from their membership, so far as dollars and cents are
concerned, and this proposition will enable them, by the payment of an
additional fee, to receive some benefit. I therefore think that the proposi-
tion should be considered by this meeting.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: Very well, I will withdraw my motion.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Mr. President, whoever framed this proposed amend-
ment has, I think, been unfortunate in the language he has chosen, because
he says: "Also any firm or corporation, owners of Holstein-Friesian cattle
in severalty." Now, if I understand the meaning of the word "severalty,"
it is that it means individually. He should have said jointly, and so he has
not given a notice that is suitable for the accomplishment of the purpose he
designed, evidently; he has used a word the meaning of which is directly
the opposite of what he intended.

Mr. : As the gentleman looks towards me, I suppose he means

me, but I did not offer this proposed amendment, and —

Mr. C. W. Horr: (Interposing.) Oh, no; I looked towards you because
I like your looks. (Laughter.)

Mr. : Well, I would like to say, Mr. President, that that word

had attracted my attention. If it is not thought proper, why, I have no
objection, so far as I am concerned as a member of this Association, to vote
to change it.

The President: I will ask the Secretary to state to us whether he
has had any correspondence in relation to this matter or not ?

22 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The Secretary: I will say that a great many persons who have sent
me their proxies are members of firms, and they would very much like to
have firms admitted to membership. This matter has been brought up at
three or four of our meetings, and still there are some thirty or forty firms
that are clamoring for admission to this Association. Personally, I do not
see any reason wby they should not be admitted.

Mr. W. W. Proper: I have always had to pay a full fee for registry,
and I am a member of a firm. I have not had any benefit in that direc-
tion at all.

Mr. W. B. Clark: I will state, Mr. President, that I was a member of
a firm for a long time, and paid full fees, and finally had my associate ad-
mitted as a member of the Association, and paid the initiation fee of
§100.00. Therefore I am opposed to any change in the rule.

Mr. O. P. Chapman : Mr. President, I am in the same boat.

Mr. W. G. Powell: The serious objection that I see to the addition of
the amendment is this: That we have no control over the members of a
firm whatever. They may be a corporation of fifty members, and half of
them may be scalawags, for all we know, whom we would not admit to
membership here under any circumstances. It should be so amended that
each member of the firm shall be passed upon by the Board as a suitable
person for membership, and also that any violation of our rules by one of
the members of the firm shall exclude the whole firm. Then I think it
would be all right. Now, persons have been offered here for membership
from time to time, and have been rejected. Those same persons may make
up a company or firm, and then offer themselves for membership, and if we
make no restrictions they may go on and do just what we have prohibited
them from doing. While I admit that there are many cases where it seems
a hardship, yet if we let down the bars so low as it is proposed, I think it
would be exceedingly dangerous. I think our safety as an association
should be our first consideration.

Mr. W. M. SiNGERLY: I renew the motion, Mr. President, to lay this
upon the table.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I second that motion.

Carried.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: "Article 2, Section 10: Strike out in last two
lines, ' with sureties to the satisfaction of,' and insert, ' of a surety com-
pany satisfactory to. ' "

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I move the adoption of that.

Mr. W. G. Powell: It looks to me, Mr. President, as though that

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 23

was an advertisement for the advancement of some surety company. Who
is to say whether that company is good or not? The Treasurer has the
opportunity now of offering that same kind of security, if the Board will
accept it. It seems to me that the privilege of personal security is better,
and I think it should be left to the Board to say what security they will
accept.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I made the motion simply to get the question up.
I now withdraw that motion, and I move to lay the matter upon the table.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I second that motion.

Carried.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: "Article 2, Section 17: By inserting after 'bond,'
in last line, the words, ' of a surety company.' "

Mr. W. G. Powell: I move to lay that upon the table, also.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I second the motion.

Carried.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: "Article 3: By inserting Section 2 J-, to read as
follows: ' Members of this corporation cannot vote by proxy at any meet-
ing of this corporation except by addressing a communication to this Asso-
ciation, in which he may discuss the purpose or purposes for which the
meeting is called, and state how he will vote on each question which may
lawfully come before the meeting, as provided in above section, and such
communications, and such votes, shall be read in the meeting at the time
when such subject is under discussion to which such communication per-
tains and refers, and the votes shall be counted and have the same effect as
they would if the member was personally present and voted.' "

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I move that that be laid upon the table.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I second the motion.

Carried.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: " Article 4, Section 1: Omit in last line, ' at inter-
vals of not less than one year. ' ' '

I wish to say, gentlemen, that this proposition is made by myself, for
the reason that I find it quite necessary to issue more than one copy of the
Herd-Book each year.

Mr. W. M. Liggett: I move that that be adopted.

24 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I second that motion.

Adopted.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: "Article 4, Section 2: In ninth line, between the
words 'of and 'bulls,' insert ' three thousand.' Between the words 'of
and ' cows,' insert 'thirty-five hundred."'

This proposition was also made by me, and I now beg leave to with-
draw it, because since I printed the call for this meeting I find that it
would not work so well as I had anticipated, for the reason that we shall
probably register in the future fewer bulls each year; and I propose to
offer in place of this a resolution authorizing me to issue a Herd-Book
whenever a certain size shall be reached, the volume to include bulls and
cows, and to close whenever the size agreed upon is reached, and then
commence another volume. I think this plan will be very satisfactory to
every one.

Mr. W. G. Powell : I second the amendment proposed by the Secre-
tary.

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller: Would it not be well to state the number of
pedigrees ?

The Secretary: I think it would be better to provide that each
volume shall contain a certain number of pages. Here is a Herd-Book
(indicating) that contains eight hundred and forty-one pages. Whether
or not the Association thinks this book is about the right size is for them
to say.

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller: How many pedigrees are there in that book ?

The Secretary: There are three thousand, five hundred and twelve.

The President: Well, gentlemen, what will you do with the amend-
ment proposed by the Secretary ?

A Member: I would suggest that it be left to the discretion of the
Secretary.

Mr. HuiDEKOPER: I hardly think we have had any notice of this pro-
posed amendment, Mr. President, and therefore you cannot put it as an
amendment to our by-laws, because there is no such notice. I make that
point of order.

The President: I think that point of order is well taken.

Mr. F. L. Houghton : Mr. President, whenever a by-law is proposed
to be amended in any way whatever, the proposed amendment brings the
whole by-law in question. That specific amendment is not the only word
that we can consider, but we can consider the amendment of any part of
that article.

1889-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 25

Mr. W. M. Singerly: Yes, I agree with the gentleman on that.

Mr. W. G. Powell: The Secretary's suggestion is that the Herd-Books
be published in one volume, both bulls and cows, but in two separate parts.

Mr. W. M. Singeely: I move that the matter be laid upon the table.

Mr. Geerit S. Miller: I second the motion.

Carried.

The President: The Secretary will now read the next proposed
amendment.

The Secretary : ' ' Add to same section : ' The price to be charged for
each volume of the Herd-Book to non-members of this Association shall be
its cost price, with postage or expressage added. ' ' '

I will state for the information of the Association that heretofore I have
been allowed to charge whatever price I saw fit for the Herd-Book. I
desire to be relieved of that discretion, and so I have submitted the change
proposed.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I move that that be adopted.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I second the motion.

Adopted.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: "Article 4, Section 3: Strike out the word 'thor-
oughbred,' and insert in its place 'pure bred.' "

It seems to me, gentlemen, that we have printed the word " thorough-
bred" long enough. The correct term is "pure bred."

Mr. E. A. Powell: I move the adoption of that.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I second the motion.

Adopted.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: "Article 4, Section 4: Strike out the word 'thor-
oughbred,' and insert in its place ' pure bred.' "

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I move the adoption of that.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I second the motion.

Adopted.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: "Article 4, Section 5: Strike out of the second line
the words, 'or following the form,' and insert 'forms.' "

26 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

That will oblige applicants for registry and transfer to make their appli-
cations on our forms, which will be much more convenient for us.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I move the adoption of that.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I second the motion.

Adopted.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: " Add to this section: ' In case the name given in
the application for the registry of an animal is in use, or cannot be allowed
for any reason, the Secretary will furnish a name; and if, upon receipt of
the certificate of registry, the name should not be satisfactory to the appli-
cant, the certificate must be returned at once for correction, accompanied
by a list of names in order of preference.' "

Mr. W. G. Powell: I think, Mr. President, that every breeder would
prefer to name his own cattle, and the adoption of a rale of that kind
might lead to dissatisfaction in many cases. I think it would give greater
satisfaction to let every breeder name his own cattle.

Mr. W. H. Smith: I move that that be laid on the table.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I second the motion.

Carried.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: " No name of an animal shall be accepted for entry
if containing more than thirty letters, not including the numeral affixed.
The name of an animal once printed in the Herd-Book shall not be changed."

Mr. W. G-. Powell: I would inquire if there are any names in the
book which contain more than thirty letters, or which contain as many as
thirty letters?

The Secretary: Yes, sir; some contain forty letters, and even more.
The Jersey Cattle Club have gotten down to twenty letters, and I have
suggested here that we restrict it to thirty.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I move that we divide that proposed amend-
ment into two parts. I suggest that we make the first sentence one pro-
posed amendment, and the second sentence another proposed amendment.
Therefore, I move the adoption of the first sentence, as read by the Secre-
tary.

Mr. A. Lang worthy: I second that motion.

Adopted.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: Now, Mr. President, as to the second sentence
read by the Secretary, I move that it be laid on the table.

!889.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 27

Mr. J. B. Dtjtcher: I move, as an amendment, that it be rejected.

Mr. W. M. Singeely: I accept that — or, rather, I will second that
amendment, that it be rejected.

Rejected.

The President : The Secretary will now read the next proposed
amendment.

The Secretary: "Article IV., Section 6. Strike out of second line the
words, 'shipped from Europe after March 18th, 1885.' " The reason for this
proposition is, to do away with the printing of this two or three times a
year, over and over again, when it really means nothing.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I move the adoption of that.

Mr. C. R. Payne: I second that.

Adopted.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: "Strike out of the fourth and fifth lines, 'or fol-
lowing the form for such certificates,' and insert 'forms.' "

Mr. O. B. Potter: Mr. President, there are a multitude of papers and
circulars that I get during the year, and it is very difficult for me always to
keep them so that I can put my hand upon them. Now, if I was called
upon to make out an entry according to the exact form prescribed by this
Association, it would be very difficult for me to do so unless I copied a pre-
vious form that I had. If you mean a printed circular that has been sent
to us by the Secretary, I think it might lead either to inconvenience or to
preventing people from registering too many cattle.

The Secretary: I think if the gentleman had to take care of as
many papers as I, and keep every letter, name, and number in order for
five thousand people, he would wish to have his papers all so uniform that
they could be filed properly and referred to easily. That is the only reason
why I desire this change. The forms are furnished by me in any quantity
desired, free of cost.

Mr. A. Langworthy: I move the adoption of that proposed amend-
ment.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I second it.

Adopted.

The President: The Secretary will now read the next proposed
amendment.

The Secretary: "Article IV., Section 8. Strike out of lines seven
to ten inclusive: 'The importer's name to be inserted in breeder's cer-

28 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

tificate before shipment, and after June 10th, until July 1st, 1885, it shall
be verified by list from American Consul, on and after July 1st, 1885.'
Omit from line twenty-five: 'Shipped from Europe after March 18th,
1885. ' Omit from line thirty -six : ' Shipped from Europe after March 18th,

1885.' "

This is simply made, as the previous proposition was, to avoid printing
over and over again.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I move its adoption.

Mr. W. G. Powell: The words "the importer's name to be inserted in
breeder's certificate before shipment," I would not strike out, and neither
would I strike out the provision that the list shall be verified by the
American Consul; and'I would strike out "on and after July 1st, 1885." I
would also strike out the next two clauses: "Shipped from Europe after
March 18th, 1885," and "shipped from Europe after March 18th, 1885,"
in line thirty-six. I make that motion.

A Member: I second that motion.

The Secretary : I would state to the Association that we have never
had a case yet where the services of the American Consul were required)
and when applications for these breeder's certificates are sent to me, I am
obliged, under our by-laws, to insert the name of the importer, and keep a
record of the blanks that are sent out, and attach to each one the seal of
the Association. I only made the proposition to save useless printing.

The President: The question is now upon the amendment as pro-
posed by Mr. W. G. Powell. We will take a vote upon that.

Adopted.

The President: The question now recurs upon the adoption of the
whole clause as amended.

Adopted.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: "Article IV., Section 10. Strike out 'and payment
of fifty cents by members of the corporation, and one dollar by all other
persons,' and insert ' free of charge, if made within thirty days of date of
sale; if after that, one dollar will be charged for each transfer.' " This
virtually does away with the transfer fee, both for members and non-mem-
bers.

Mr. C. Pratt: I would amend that amendment, and make it read:
" Free for members," without any reference to date. I want to make it so
that it is a benefit to belong to this Association. If you are going to make
these things free for non-members, why they are going to hold out for it.

1889-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 29

Mr. W. M. Singerly: From an amendment passed by the Board of
Officers yesterday in regard to the registration of hulls, by which the fees
of this Association would probably be reduced very considerably, I move
the rejection of that whole amendment, so as not in any way to impair our
receipts for the coming year.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: If we reject this, we have nothing to build upon.

Mr. W. M. Singeely: My object is not to reduce our receipts.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: If we reject this, then we have no opportunity
to-day to reduce our transfer fees, or to reduce our registrations; but the
registration of bulls comes up later, not of cows.

Mr. E. A. Powell: It will be remembered, perhaps, that two years
ago a motion was made to reduce one-half the registry fee, and transfers
were free. That was made for one year. At the expiration of that one
year the matter was entirely overlooked. It was not brought up before this
Association at all, and consequently it went back to the old registration
fee. That has produced more dissatisfaction than any one omission that I
remember to have taken place in a long time. The feeling among breeders
generally is that the present time has been a hard one to tide over for all
breeders, and that we are carrying a large surplus in the treasury. The
breeders generally seem to feel — and it was a very universal feeling of
regret — that they had to go back to that old fee at these times; and I
think it will be a great disappointment to breeders generally if there is not
some action taken in regard to this registration fee at the present time,
especially when we consider the balance we have in the treasury. At the
present time we have more money on hand than we need. I therefore
move, as an amendment, that we make the registry fee the same as it was
two years ago.

Mr. : I second that motion.

Mr. Edward P. Taft: I would rise to the point of order that this is
simply the registry of transfers. Section 5 provides for the registry fee,
which is a different thing entirely.

The President: I think that point of order is well taken.

Mr. E. A. Powell: Then I move to amend this in the same way — that
the transfer fee be the same as it was two years ago.

The Secretary: If the fees are to be changed, it is necessary to
change the by-laws, and make some stated fee. That fee was fifty cents for
registry by members of the Association, and $2.00 for non-members.

Mr. Edward P. Taft: If we pass this amendment, it makes transfer
fees entirely free to everybody, and the registration fee stands exactly as it
is provided for in Section 5, Article IV. — i;$1.00 for members, and $2.00
for non-members."

30 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The Secretary: The reason I proposed that we make the transfers free
was that it is very important that we get the transfers in as soon as pos-
sible. There is not a great deal of work to be done to complete a transfer
of ownership, and I thought it would be well to abolish the fee. Of
course I shall not press it.

Mr. E. A. Powell: The time, " thirty days," is too short, and I would
suggest making the time longer. We all know that quite frequently, in
selling stock, persons will come and make a selection, and possibly pay a
small deposit, and then go home and make further arrangements. I think
it would be very foolish to adopt that for thirty days, and I certainly would
not make it less than ninety days.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: There is one question that I would like to ask
the Secretary: A member of the Association selling an animal to a non-
member and giving him an application for transfer, whether that would be
chargeable to the member or non-member; whether the non-member would
have to pay, or the member would have a right to transfer without pay-
ment?

The Secretary: I was ordered by the Board, provided an application
for a transfer came from a member, to charge the member's fee; if it came
from a non member, to charge him the non-member's fee.

Mr. W. H. Smith: I move an amendment to the amendment: To
charge non-members fifty cents for transfer, and to charge members
nothing at all.

Mr. W. G-. Powell: I move to make it ninety days instead of thirty
days.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I second that.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: Then I withdraw my motion, and that will
make Mr. Powell's the original motion before the Association.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: Then, at the expiration of ninety days, if this
amendment is adopted, all the members or non-members will have to pay
the one dollar?

The Secretary Yes.

The President: The question now before the Association is on the
motion of Mr. Powell. A vote will be taken now upon that.

Adopted.

The President: The Secretary will now read the next proposed amend-
ment.

The Secretary: " Add to this section: ' Extended pedigrees of regis-
tered animals, bearing the seal of the Association, will be furnished, upons
application, for one dollar each.' "

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 31

This change is proposed by myself. It takes quite a long time to write
extended pedigrees, and I think we should not give that to anybody unless
they pay a fair price for it.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I think that should be adopted.

Mr. A. Lang worthy: I second the adoption of that.

Adopted.

The Secretary: I have been instructed to give notice that it will be
proposed to reduce the registration and transfer fees for members and non-
members, and also to abolish any or all fees at present charged to mem-
bers. The application for this change has come from many people, and in
many forms.

Mr. C. W. Horr: T move you, Mr. President, inasmuch as we have
practically disposed of that question, that we pass it for the present, until
we have discussed the all-important bull question. If the suggestion of
the committee on the bull question is adopted, it may have a very serious
bearing upon this. I therefore suggest that we pass this for the present.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I move that we lay it upon the table.

Mr. E. A. Powell: We cannot take it up again from the table at this
session if that course is pursued.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: Then I will withdraw my motion to lay it on
table.

The President: Very well. Then it will be passed for the present.
What is the next business in order, Mr. Secretary ?

The Secretary: The next business in order is to hear the report of
the committee appointed to report a plan for the restriction of the registra-
tion of males. This committee consisted of the entire Board of Officers,
and was appointed at the last annual meeting to report at this.

The President: This matter was up in special meeting yesterday,
and I think the Secretary can inform the Association better than I can
what was done about it.

The Secretary: As I understand it, the committee agreed to recom-
mend to the Association that the registry fee for bulls be increased to $5.00.
Also that the Association agree to pay $5.00 for each and every male calf
slaughtered or castrated while in good health between the ages of five
and forty days, upon proper proof furnished to the Secretary, which must
include the affidavit of the owner.

Mr. D. H. Burrell: Gentlemen, before proceeding to discuss this sub-
ject, I wish to call the attention of the Association to a very pleasant fact.
We have the pleasure of having here at this moment the Hon. Warner
Miller, and I call upon Mr. Horr, of Ohio, to present to Senator Miller our
welcome in a formal manner. [Applause].

32 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. C. W. Hoek: Mr. President and Members of the Holstein-Friesian
Association of America: There are many things in this country that we
are proud of; there are many things in New York State to be proud of, of
its great cities, and of its great commercial activity ; but, more than all
this, New York State has a right to be proud of its four millions of intelli-
gent, happy, and patriotic citizens, and especially proud of the fact that
included among those persons, living and dead, are such names as Alexan-
der Hamilton, Eoscoe Conkling, and Warner Miller. [Applause]. I sup-
pose my friend, Mr. Burrell, after consultation with your President, accorded
to me the pleasure of saying a few words of welcome to Mr. Miller iapon
this occasion, for the purpose of letting him know that he is as well known
to the citizens of Ohio as he is to the citizens of his own state. His hon-
orable career is well known to every boy, and especially to every boy who
has a Republican father; that he left one of your best colleges to enter the
army as a private, and that he came out from the war with eagles on his
shoulders. It is well known that he went into the assembly and made a
record that he may well be proud of; that he was then elected to congress,
and filled a position in the lower house with such dignity and ability that
the legislature of the state of New York, in their wisdom, called upon
him to assume the duties of a Senator representing this great state, and
that in that honorable position he stood the friend of the laboring men,
particularly the friend of the farmer, and that the same degree of intelli-
gence and patriotism that had characterized his previous career was con-
spicuously displayed in that national arena. It is also well known to us in
Ohio, as well as to the citizens of your own state, that when we sought
legislation in this country to protect us against oleomargarine, that it was
Senator Miller who stood forth our friend. [Applause]. It is as well known
to us as it is to you that Senator Miller has identified himself with the best
interests of his state and with the nation upon all the great questions of
finance and statesmanship; and we know, too, that Senator Miller has a
home of his own, and that he is in favor of legislation that protects homes;
and we thank God that he had the courage to be in favor of temperance.
[Applause]. It is not, perhaps, known to every citizen of Ohio, however,
that Senator Miller has a farm, and that the same intelligence that charac-
terized him as a politician stood by him when he came to select stock for
that farm, and that he had the sagacity to discover that among the various
great breeds of cattle that are seeking favor the Holstein-Friesians were
the best. [Laughter and applause]. Then we welcome on this occasion,
and will sit with pleasure so long as he wishes to address us, Senator
Warner Miller, not of New York State alone, but Senator Warner Miller of
the whole United States of America. [Applause].

Mr. Miller arose amid great applause, and addressed the Association as
follows :

Mr. President, and Gentlemen of the Holstein-Friesian Association : I
certainly am very glad to be here this morning, and I am more than

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. \ 33

pleased with the hearty reception you have given me. I thought to come
in here simply as one of you, and to listen and be benefited by your pro-
ceedings, and profit by them. Mr. Horr has been kind enough to refer to
myself as a brother farmer, and to the wisdom which I displayed in select-
ing for the stock upon my farm the Holstein-Friesian breed. I cannot,
however, take to myself any credit for that selection. Whatever of credit
there is belongs to my friend and neighbor, Mr. Burrell. Several years ago,
when he first began importing this stock, he suggested to me that I should
put them on my farm, believing they would be best adapted to dairy pur-
poses. Knowing that Mr. Burrell was a much better farmer than myself,
and knowing that he had made his own farm very successful, even during
the hard times, I accepted his judgment as that of an expert, and so he
imported for me a few cattle, with which I began. I have not been as suc-
cessful a breeder as Mr. Burrell, or as my friend Mr. Powell, of Syracuse,
because, to tell you the truth, instead of being able to look after my farm
for the past ten years, my time has been principally passed in Washington.
Still I have been enough of a farmer not to let my farm run me in debt. I
have followed along very quietly in the practice of those gentlemen farm-
ers who have expended a great deal of money, but I have followed so far in
the rear that I have maintained a balance on the right side, though I am
free to confess the balance is small. Mr. Horr has spoken of some things
that I did, or attempted to do, while a member of the United States Senate,
It needs no comment on my part, but simply to assert that whatever I did
in that direction I did it as a work of love — not because I was a farmer
myself, but because my memories ran back entirely into the line of farm-
ing from the very beginning, and because I knew something of the hard-
ships of a farmer boy's life, and something of the difficulties which sur-
round this great industry in this country ; and, therefore, whatever I did I
diditasawork of love. [Applause]. If I was fortunate in doing any-
thing which in my career has in any way benefited the agricultural classes,
it is certainly a very great pleasure to me. It was a hard-fought battle,
and it may not be entirely over yet. I have no doubt that much has to be
done yet, and I am very sure that much remains to be done in the matter
of protecting our whole country against the ravages of pleuro-pneumonia.
I did succeed in passing through the Senate a bill, which, if the House had
passed it, would have resulted, within five years, I think, of entirely rid-
ding this country of that terrible pest. These things still require much at-
tention, and I know that it is through such organizations as this that much
aid and comfort is to be given to a man in public life who undertakes this
sort of work. When I had in charge the pleuro-pneumonia bill I know
that I received my most effective aid from the cattle-men of the great west,
men representing the great cattle interests out there, who came to Washing-
ton, and, through their powerful arguments, gave me great aid in that matter.
So I think I can say to this Association, that organizations such as this will
have, and have had in the past, great influence upon national legislation in
3

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

the way of arousing interest in the members of both Houses, and in finally
affecting public opinion — and public opinion, when aroused, is the final
maker of the laws in this country. I am very sure, gentlemen, that I can
say nothing here to-day that would be either interesting or profitable in the
matter of breeding cattle. Notwithstanding that I have a dairy farm and
some cattle upon it, if I want to know anything about this business myself,
I go and see Mr. Burrell, or Mr. Powell, or I go down to the farm of my
friend, Mr. Dutcher, at Pawling, and take my lesson, and then go back and
practice it in a weak way ; but these fine farms which are scattered
throughout New York, and throughout Ohio, and still further west in our
grand farming country, are to my mind experimental schools which can be
visited by large numbers of farmers, and which are visited yearly by large
numbers of farmers, and I think they are doing a grand and great work in
the way of educating our farmers in the care of stock, and in the methods
of breeding, and in everything that pertains to this great industry; and I
hope that the members of this Association are all so successful that,
wherever they come from, whether it be Ohio, Iowa, Minnesota, or any other
great farming state, that they are able to set up these fine farms of theirs and
show the people the benefits that come from raising good cattle. I believe
that any one can by a little vigor show to the people of this country that
the improvement of stock of all kinds is bringing to our people the greatest
value for their farms. It costs little more to raise well bred cattle than it
does to bring up poor stock, and the surplus over the expenditure in the
raising of fine-bred cattle more than pays for the experiment.

Gentlemen, I will not take up your time any longer. I thank you for
the great honor you have done me in thus presenting me to the members of
this Association. [Applause].

Mr. E. A. Powell : Mr. President, I move you that this Association
tender a vote of thanks to Senator Miller for his address, and that we ex-
tend to him an earnest invitation to visit us at our annual meetings — not
as a visitor, but as an active member of this Association.

Mr. C. W. Horr : I second the motion.

Carried.

The President : The next business in order is the report of the
committee.

Mr. W. M. Singerly : I move the adoption of the report of the com-
mittee. The object of this thing is, that last year there were 3,400 bulls
registered and 4,300 cows. The object of this Association is to reduce the
registration of bulls.

Mr. C. W. Horr : I second the motion.

Mr. H. Langworthy : I would like to inquire when this is to take
effect.

The President : The time has not been fixed.

1889-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 35

Mr. Edwaed P. Taft : I am sorry to rise to a point of order again,
but it seems to me if we are going to pass that, we should do it as an amend-
ment to Section 5, of Article 4, of the by-laws. That provides that
" American -bred animals," etc. That article standing as it does, I don't
see how this resolution can be passed without amending that.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher : I think it should be understood and stated dis-
tinctly that the females should be charged $1.00 and bulls $5.00.

Mr. E. A. Powell : I would suggest that this be acted upon inde-
pendently of the females.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher : I would like to withdraw that amendment in re-
gard to females.

The President : We will consider that withdrawn.

Mr. O. B. Potter : It seems to me, Mr. President, that if we raise the
registration, whether it be $5.00 or $10.00, upon bulls, that it is hardly
worth our while to offer a reward for castrating full-blooded animals which
may not be registered. If they are kept simply as grades, they will benefit,
so far as they are kept, the general breed. They will not be registered if
the fee is sufficiently high unless they are pure bred, and unless they are
believed by their owners to be worthy of registration. I think it frequent-
ly happens that a calf that is not very promising becomes a very excellent
and superior animal. Whether you offer a reward for castrating that ani-
mal in advance, or for killing it, when it is a pure bred animal, it seems to
me is worth while to consider. What we want is to build up this breed of
cattle as much as we can. It seems to me that you will accomplish all we
need to accomplish in this direction by simply raising the price of the
registration of bulls to a sufficient figure, whatever that may be. It seems
to me the butchering part we had better leave out.

Mrf C. W. Horr: I was influenced myself in voting in the meeting of
the officers that had this matter under consideration for this plan by the
following considerations: First. Suppose the gentleman who just spoke
was the owner of ten good bulls. He is interested, therefore, in having
ten poor ones killed. The man who kills them looses their entire value,
except what they would be worth when killed. Suppose, as a business
proposition, we could control this whole matter here to-day, and there were
two thousand bulls. Now, I would give more for one thousand of them
with the other one thousand castrated ; that is, I would give more for a
half interest, because then I would have that much less competition. One-
third of the Holstein bulls saved each year can be sold for more money
than they all can. Let me illustrate. Take, for instance, onions. I know
something about them, fi>r I have raised them. Now they are worth about
twelve cents a bushel, and they cost from twenty-five to thirty-five cents a
bushel to raise them. If there were only half as many raised, therefore,
the farmer would receive three times as much. There is a surplus, and the

36 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

surplus of bulls is a pretty tough surplus. Then we accomplish, first, the
object of having left only the good ones, and the law of supply and demand
fixes the price. A number of gentlemen wanted to charge $10.00 for reg-
istration and pay $10.00 for killing, and others thought that would not
do, and so we finally worked down to this plan. If I was to do this myself,
my plan would be to have the knife stuck either at one end or the other of
two-thirds of our calves. Now, I would simply say that, having given a
good deal of thought to this matter, I believe that we had better try this
plan. It seems to be the most practical and the best worthy of a trial, and
in a year from now we will know whether it is a wise plan or not. Again,
we thought you ought to make the premium that we pay from persons
who have the bulls that are not killed. So you see this plan seems to be
founded upon divine justice and equity. [Laughter]. We are all fond of
equity, you know. I hope, for the sake of the good bulls, and to dis-
pose of the poor ones properly, that this plan will be adopted, and that
in another year we will just double it, and make it $10.00 for registration
and $10.00 for killing.

Mr. Htjidekoper: Some one has asked to have this take effect the 1st
of May, or at some future time. It seems to me that it does not make any
difference to us whether the bull is already born, or whether we wait until
the 1st of May. I think it may as well take effect at once, and get rid of
a certain number of the bulls already born, as to wait. It would take
some time for the Secretary to get out the proper form, so that perhaps
forty days would be too short a time to limit those calves that are already
born, or will be born within a few days; but it seems to me that it should
take effect upon all calves already born.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I was going to raise that question about getting
the forms ready. I take it for granted that it is a very easy matter to get
those done. When you get one, you have ten thousand if you want them.
It is not necessary to extend the time for that purpose. Now, another
question in connection with this matter in regard to these bulls. It is
not the value of the bull calf so much, but it is the fact that every Holstein
breeder has an interest not only in perpetuating the breed, but in improv-
ing the breed. Every man who is a breeder knows that he has some
animals that are not near as good as others. Every man knows that. I
have got them, and Mr. Powell has got them, and probably every other
member of this Association has them. A great many people don't like to
kill their bulls, but I have been killing my bulls this winter which I did
not consider first-class animals. I believe it is to the interest of the
Holstein breeder to try to excel in the class of the animals he has; and if
we are to make a success of the Holstein cattle in this country, we have got
to do it. It is in the value of the animal rather than the number that our
profits lie.

Mr. E. A. Powell: We all understand very well that every breed, in
comparison with other breeds, is known by its average — that half of each

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 37

breed is below that average, and the other half is above that average line.
Whenever you breed below that average line you are reducing the standard
of that breed of cattle. Now, what we want to do is to increase the value
of this breed of cattle. We will suppose that our standard is fifty per
cent. If we take off the lower half, it increases the standard to seventy-
five per cent. I wish there was some way of doing it, not only with males,
but with females. I wish the whole lower half could be wiped out of ex-
istence, and then the breed would stand higher. We approach to it, in a
certain measure, in this way, and the nearer we get to it the better we
are off. Now, in regard to Mr. Potter's suggestion that these grade bulls
would be circulated through the country, and would not be well cared for
and used on the best kind of cows, and the tendency would be to lower
our standard, I would say, induce these owners to castrate those bulls,
and thus raise the standai'd by keeping fewer bulls, and those only the good
ones.

Mr. Edwaed P. Taft: Mr. President, in order that we may have the
matter intelligently before us, I have prepared this amendment: I move to
strike out all after the words "payment of a fee of," and insert the fol-
lowing: " Payment of a fee of $1.00 for the registry of females, and $5.00
for males, by members of the corporation, and of $2.00 for females, and $5.00
for males, by persons not members of the corporation, and that the sum of
$5.00 be paid for each male slaughtered or castrated between the ages of
five and forty days; such change to take effect May 1st."

Mr. : It has been stated that the evidence of the castration shall

be the affidavit of the owner. What shall be the other evidence? We
ought to know exactly what we have to do.

Mr. Htjidekoper: As was talked in the committee, every man who
wishes to castrate a bull or kill it shall fill out a blank which has been
furnished him previously by the Secretary, certifying that this bull calf
was born on a certain day, and shall give his proof of the identity of the
calf j ust as he does for registering, and shall also certify that the cow was
bred to a certain bull on such a date, and that the calf was born on such
another date, about nine months after that, so that the Secretary sees that
there is a calf born from that cow, and from service to a certain bull. That
stops any calf being registered from that cow in that year.

Mr. C. Pi. Payne: The details could be worked out by the Board.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I move, as an amendment, that this shall take
effect immediately.

Mr. W. H. Smith: I second that.

Mr. Edward P. Taft: I will accept that amendment.

Mr. H. Langworthy: I suggest that we divide this, and consider the
fee on bulls first.

Mr. Edward P. Taft: I accept that.

38 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. E. A. Powell: I think the report made reads "on bulls." It
should say "American-bred," because a person might import bulls younger
than forty days of age and have them entered at $5.00. The present rule
makes it $25.00 on imported bulls.

Mr. Huidekoper: What objection is there to having it take effect
with all bulls after this date '?

Mr. W. G. Powell: None at all.

Mr. H. Langwoethy: In reply to that question, I would say that I
would not consider it justice to the breeders to have it apply to calves
already born.

Mr. Haewood: I agree with what the gentleman says, because in my
own case I have two calves born within the last thirty days, and I have not
sent in an application for registry for those calves, but they have been sold,
and it is possible that I might want to dispose of them in another way if
the registry fee had been raised, or if I had known that it was to be raised
at this meeting. There is one point which has been brought up by Mr.
Potter, and that is in reference to disposing of bulls in some other way.
It does not seem to me that this proposed amendment interferes with that
at all; that is, if a person has bulls that he wishes to dispose of without
registration, there is nothing in this that interferes with that. But still I
think there is an objection to doing a great deal of that kind of work, for it
opens the question which has been brought up here about putting in other
animals as being the progeny of these cows where the record of the As-
sociation does not show the calves to have been registered during the past
year.

Mr. Clark : I would like to make one suggestion in regard to this
amendment as to the age. The state of Tennessee prohibits us from selling
veal which is less than six weeks old. Now, I would suggest that the time
be extended to fifty days instead of forty.

Mr. C. Pratt : I would make this fee $1.00 for registry and $10.00 for
castration. Three-quarters of my calves have been bulls. Last year I
sold a bull calf for $30, and when I went to deliver the animal the man
had bought one from somebody else a good deal cheaper. I cannot afford
to sell a bull and have it raised as a breeder for anything less than $25, if it
is a week old, but I want to make the fee high enough so it would be an
inducement to kill it.

Mr. E. P. Taft : I have re- written this original amendment, and I will
withdraw the first one, and strike out the fourth, fifth, and half of the
sixth line, of Article 4, Section 5, and insert: "$1.00 for the registry of
females and $5.00 for males, by members of the corporation, and $2.00 for
the registry of females and $5.00 for the registry of males, by persons not
members of the corporation, which must accompany the application, and

18891 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 39

that the sum of $5.00 be paid for each American-bred bull slaughtered or
castrated between the ages of five and fifty days, on evidence satisfactory
to the Board of Officers. Such change to take effect on April 1st."

Mr. J. B. Dutcher : I think a serious objection to that is extending
the time from forty days. Every man knows that they can castrate these
calves easily enough. You castrate it when it is first born, and it makes
better veal.

Mr. E. A. Powell : I second Mr. Taft's amendment, with the provis-
ion that it takes effect immediately, also with the condition that Mr. Mil-
ler makes to divide the question.

Mr. : In order that this thing may be done exactly

right, I suggest that the chairman appoint a committee of five, with Mr.
Taft as chairman, to consider this matter and report at our afternoon session.

Mr. C. W. Hour. : I think that is a good idea.

Mr. "W. M. Singerly: No, no; let us fix it up now. We will have
the same discussion after dinner.

Mr. E. A. Powell : I think we could get it right now if we try.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I would like to have the date changed from birth
to five days. I want to knock my calves in the head the first day.

Mr. O. B. Potter: Is this limited to members of the corporation, or is
the premium offered to everybody outside '?

Mr. E. A. Powell: Everybody.

Mr. C. R. Payne: I think, as the resolution reads now, that we shall
have a good many aborted calves to pay for.

Mr. C. W. HoRR: Then I suggest that you put in: "Alive and in
good health." [Laughter.]

Mr. : Mr. President, we shall never arrive at any under-
standing about this thing, going on as we are now. The only way to do is
to have a committee appointed to consider this.

Mr. Chapman: I think that we can get at this thing better by having
a committee appointed and let them come in and report this afternoon.

Mr. Pratt: Is that with the understanding that their report shall not
be final ?

Mr. Chapman: Oh, yes. They will report to us here in meeting, and
then we will take what action we see fit.

Mr. E. P. Taft: I think myself we could get this right in committee.

The Secretary: I am very much interested in this matter; I want it
perfectly straight, and I want it down in black and white. I think that the
suggestion that a committee be appointed is a good one.

40 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Chapman: I move that the President appoint a committee of five
to consider this matter, and report at 2 o'clock.

The Secretary: I second that motion.

Carried.

The President: I will appoint as such committee, Mr. Taft, Mr.
Horr, Mr. E. A. Powell, Mr. Clark, and Gerrit S. Miller. Now, gentle-
men, I understand that the Committee on Proxies is ready to report, and
we will hear their report.

Mr. C. W. Wolcott: Mr. Lamb has the report. He will read it.

Mr. Anthony Lamb: Your Committee on Proxies beg leave to report
as follows: Whole number of proxies received, 225; of which Thomas B.
"Wales is entitled to 79; F. L. Houghton, 47; Wing R. Smith, 26; S.
Burckard, 12; Martin L. Sweet, 9; H. Langworthy, 7; W. B. Clark, 6;
Dallas B. Whipple, 4; T. G. Yeomans, 4; S. Hoxie, 4; C. E. Payne, 4; S.
L. Hoxie, 3; Watkin G. Powell, 3; W. M. Liggett, 2; Charles Robinson, 2;
Thomas W. Wales, Jr., 1; Thomas B. Wales, Jr., 1; Isaac C. Otis, 1; J.
B. Butcher. 1; S. W. Sweezey, 1; H. L\ Warner, 1; J. L. Stone, 1; John
L. Stone, 1; O. P. Chapman, 1; F. C. Stevens, 1; Blank, 1; Thomas B.
Wales, Jr., by W. H. Smith & Son, 1; Thomas B. Wales, by Alexander
R. Gebbie, 1.

This report is signed: "Respectfully submitted, Anthony Lamb,
Charles W. Wolcott."

Mr. E. A. Powell: I move that the report be received.

Mr. S. L. Hoxie: I second the motion.

Carried.

Mr. E. A. Powell: Mr. President, there was no committee appointed
to audit the Treasurer's report. That should have been done.

The President: Yes, I omitted to do that. I will appoint as such
committee Mr. Langworthy, Mr. Chapman, and Mr. Huidekoper, who will
also examine the reports of the Secretary and Superintendent of Advanced
Registry.

The time has now arrived when we agreed to take a recess for lunch.
Gentlemen, we will re-assemble promptly at 2 o'clock.

Recess.

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 41

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The President: Gentlemen, we will now come to order. If the com-
mittee are ready to report, we will hear them.

Mr. E. P. Taft: The committee to whom the subject of revision of
Section 5 of Article IV. was referred, report as follows, and I will say that
it is unanimously recommended:

Strike out the fourth and fifth line and half of the sixth line in Article
IV., Section 5, and insert the following (at the request of one of the mem-
bers, Mr. Taft then read the section as amended) :

"American-bred animals shall only be registered in the Herd-Book upon
application made upon forms furnished by the corporation, and the pay-
ment of a fee of fifty cents for the registry of females, and $5.00 for the
registry of males, born after March 20th, 1889, by members of the corpora-
tion, and of §1.00 for the registry of females, and $6.00 for the registry of
males born after March 20th, 1889, by persons not members, which pay-
ment must accompany the application. And the sum of $5.00 shall be
paid by the Association for each American-bred male eligible for registra-
tion born after March 20th, 1889, that is killed or castrated while in good
health after it is five days old, and before it is fifty days old, on application
and affidavit of the owner of the dam, on forms furnished by the Secretary
and approved by the Board of Officers, stating the date of service and birth,
name of sire and dam, date of slaughter or castration, and by whom per-
formed." And then it goes on as before — " no two animals shall have the
same name. ' ' i

Mr. W. M. Singerly: Mr. President, I move the adoption of the
report.

Motion seconded.

The President: Gentlemen, you have heard the motion; those in
favor will please say aye; opposed, nay.

Motion carried.

Mr. W. M. Singerly. We want to turn our attention to the produc-
tion of the dams of calves as a test of registry, so as to make a standard-
bred animal only eligible to registry. This matter has nothing to do with
this meeting. I only want to throw out the hint, so that you, gentlemen,
can think of it for the next year. I think, for the purpose of raising the
character of the Holstein cattle, that some of these days we have got to
make a standard that no bull calves whose dams or grand dams do not
produce twelve thousand pounds of milk per year shall be eligible.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I think every breeder ought to be in favor of that.

42 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

If we are going to improve our breed of cattle, we should have a standard
that we shall register by. I think it is to the interest of every breeder to
do it. I am in favor of it.

The Secretary: The next thing before us, gentlemen, is "an ap-
propriation for special premiums for the ensuing year."

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I move that that matter be referred to the
Board of Officers, the s#me as it was last year.

The President: The appropriation was $4,000.00 last year; that
includes all the special premiums.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: The way it was done last year, it was referred
to the Board of Officers.

Motion seconded by Mr. Powell.

The President: It is moved and seconded that this matter be referred
to the Board of Officers.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: With the limitation that they shall not spend
over $4,000.00.

The President: Yes. All those in favor will say aye; opposed, nay.

Motion carried.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I would move that the Board of Officers be per-
mitted to make a plan for the restriction, next year, of males.

Motion seconded.

The President : Gentlemen, you have heard the motion; all those in
favor will say aye; opposed, nay.

Motion carried.

The Secretary: There is also "an appropriation asked for to aid in
the circulation of the HoJstein- Friesian Register.''1 I would like to state
that a citizen of New York made this proposition, and asked me to bring
it up.

The President: Gentlemen, what do you wish to do Avith the proposi-
tion ?

There being no response, the President directed the Secretary to pass it
over for the present.

The Secretary : There is also a request for appropriations for other
purposes. The only thing that I know of that we need an appropriation
for is to pay the assessment of last year of the " Consolidated Cattle-Grow-
ers Association of the United States." I was asked to pay this some time
ago, but I did not feel authorized, and the matter was laid over until to-day
for your action.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: How much is it?

1889-] HOLSTEIN-FKIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 43

The Secretary: Two hundred and fifty dollars, I think the assess-
ment is.

Mr. W. M. Singerly : What advantage is it to the Association ?

The Secretary: Excuse me; it is $160.00. We are members of this
Association, and these are the dues assessed to us.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: We are members of it?

The Secretary: We are.

Mr. W. M. Singerly : I move that the amount be paid.

Mr. E. A. Powell: One moment, I happened to be one of the delegates
to its last meeting, and I learned something. I found that we were as-
sessed according to the number of delegates we sent, and every association
seemed to be aware of that, and they only sent one or two, while we sent a
good many. The consequence was that we were assessed a great deal
higher. I am in favor of paying what we have to pay, but next time we
want to be more careful.

The Secretary: I desire to state further, that I wrote to the Treas-
urer of the "Consolidated Cattle -Growers Association," and stated to him
the fact that Mr. Powell has just stated, and asked for a reduction of our
assessment, requesting the Treasurer to reply to me here. I have not re-
ceived his letter. That is the way it stands at present.

Mr. E. A. Powell : I move that it be referred to the Secretary, with
instructions to settle it as best he can.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I second the motion.

The President: Mr. Powell's motion is that it be left to the Secre-
tary to settle as best he can ; all those in favor will please say aye ; opposed,
nay.

Motion carried.

The Secretary: I have a letter here which I would like to read to
the Association; it will take but a moment. It is from Dr. Collier, Direc-
tor of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, at Geneva, N. Y. :

" Geneva, N. Y., June 13th, 1888.
"J1. B. Wales, Esq. , Secretary of the Holstein-Friesian Association :

"My Dear Sir: — At a regular meeting of the Board of Control of the
New York Agricultural Experiment Station, held in Geneva on the 5th
inst., the following resolution was passed unanimously, and ordered to be
sent to the Holstein-Friesian Association:

"'The Board of Control of the New York Agricultural Experiment
Station thank the Holstein-Friesian Association for their liberal offer to
aid this Station in their experiments with different breeds of cattle. '
' ' Sincerely yours,

" Peter Collier, Director. "

44 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. W. G. Powell: The Holstein-Friesian Register question was passed
over; it may be brought up now. If it is in order, I move that the matter
be referred to the Board of Officers, with instructions to do as they see fit
in the matter.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I second the motion.

The President: Gentlemen, you have heard the question. All those
who are in favor will please say aye ; contrary, nay.

Motion carried.

The Secretary: Mr. President, I should like to ask if the Board of
Officers think it desirable to render any assistance, in order to increase its
circulation, whether the money is to come from the fund which is appro-
priated for special premiums, or from some other source?

Mr. W. M. Singerly: Mr. President, are we through with all the
business before the Association now ?

The Secretary: I would like to ask again where we will get this
money from, if we see fit to aid this paper. Shall we take it out of the
appropriation made for special premiums ?

Mr. W. G. Powell: My idea was that if the Board of Officers see fit
on investigation, to use some of the funds belonging to the Association to
increase the circulation of the paper, they have a right to do so.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: Any unappropriated funds ?

Mr. W. G. Powell: This is a separate matter — a different matter
from the appropriation for special premiums. We had separate action on
that.

Mr. W. M. Singerly : Is there any business now before the meeting ?

Mr. W. B. Smith: Mr. President, it isn't understood here what funds
we are speaking of. We don't know what this proposition is; what are
you going to help or aid ?

Mr. W. G. Powell: It is a question that rests with the Board of Offi-
cers whether we do anything or not.

Mr. W. B. Smith: What are you talking about?

Mr. W. G. Powell: It is left to the Board.

The Secretary: It is to aid The Holstein-Friesian Register.

Mr. W. W. Proper: Mr. President, I have a little matter that I would
like to bring before the meeting.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I made the motion, and it was put and carried.

Mr. W. Bkown Smith : From what I hear said about me, the majority of
the people in this part of the room didn't know what the vote was taken
upon; they don't know what it was.

1889-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 45-

The President: I supposed it was generally understood before I put
the question, or I should have stated what it was. Mr. Powell, will you
please get up and state your motion over again, so that they can all under-
stand ?

Mr. W. G. Powell: I move that the matter of rendering assistance,
or anything else, to The Holstein-Friesian Register be left to the discretion
of the Board of Officers, to give such assistance, in such manner and to such
extent as they see fit, and that the money shall come from the treasury of
the Association.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: It seems to me that we have been getting along
very nicely with our business; it has almost been disposed of — everything
on the list. I think it is better for this Association here assembled to
settle this question for themselves. For one, if I were to be a member of
the Board, as I at present am, I would rather they would give expression
of their views than to depend on me. It is their money which is to be
appropriated, and they are all interested one way or the other.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: Mr. President, it seems to me that inasmuch as
this question has been decided, and the motion has been carried, we are
"firing" blank cartridges. The way to do would be to make a motion to
reconsider this, and then it will be open for discussion.

The President: Did you vote for it?

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: Yes, sir. I will move to reconsider the vote.

Mr. W. G. Powell: Second the motion.

The President: It is moved and seconded that we reconsider the vote
just cast. Those in favor will please say aye; opposed, nay.

Motion carried.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I now renew my motion.

Mr. Pratt: I think, Mr. Chairman, you ought to place some limit on
this appropriation. You say not to exceed $4,000.00 for premiums on our
cattle. You don't want to put this resolution through without any limit
whatever.

The President: This is an outside matter. It has nothing to do
with the appropriation for premiums.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: They are not an extravagant Board

The President: If the gentleman desire to take it into their own
hands, it is better for them to do it.

Mr. W. G. Powell: Mr. President, I think this Board is perfectly
competent — we hope to have a Board of that kind. Out of an appropria-
tion of $4,000.00 that was authorized last year, we didn't spend a quarter
of it. It is a matter of discretion in this matter.

46 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. C. G. Blessing : What do they desire — how much ? I would ask
for that information, if the Secretary has it.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: A gentleman at my right, who seems to be connected
with the Register, requests me to state that what they would like to have
done is this: He says they are circulating about five thousand copies, for
four thousand of which they get no pay. One thousand is paid subscrip-
tions and the other four thousand are sent all over creation, and I judge
they are pretty well circulated, for I have had a great many letters from all
over the country saying they got my name from the paper. They want the
Holstein-Friesian Association to take from them three thousand papers at
$1.00 a paper, and circulate those papsrs wherever they choose, which is
equivalent to $3,000.00. That I understand to be the proposition. He
says now not three thousand necessarily, but he did think three thousand.
Any number that you see fit will be what they wish. I want you to un-
derstand that I have done this at the request of the gentleman here.

The Secretary: I have been unable to answer Mr. Blessing, because
I was not here when he commenced his request. What would Mr. Blessing
like to have me inform him on ?

Mr. C. G. Blessing: Inasmuch as you stated that they desired assistance
from the Association, I thought perhaps you had some knowledge as to the
amount that they expected or desired help for.

The Secretary : No, sir. The gentleman who wrote to me did not
make any statement whatever, except that they wanted us to increase the
circulation. He did suggest that twenty copies be sent to each member of
the Association, to be paid for by the Association. He thought it would be
a good plan. The gentleman was Dr. Miller. I don't know whether he is
here or not.

Mr. W. M. Singerly : As I understand the question, it is whether this
should be referred to the Board of Officers or not, to see what they should do.

Dr. Miller: I am a comparatively new member of your organization,
and I have the misfortune to be so hard of hearing that I cannot hear all
that is said during your deliberations, but I have taken a deep interest in
the Holstein breed of cattle. As I understand, this organization is for the
purpose of letting the people know of the merits of the Holstein-Friesian
cattle, and to educate the people somewhat in regard to them. It seems to
me that there is no more effective way of accomplishing this than by the
distribution of a paper that is devoted expressly to the breed of that par-
ticular kind of cattle. Of course I have no interest in the matter, except
to do what I can to make the people of this country familiar with the merits
of the breed, and my idea is that a little paper like the Holstein-Friesian
Register, if it is published every fortnight, or every month, and if the mem-
bers of this Association are instrumental in buying it and putting it in the
hands of the people who do not know anything about the breed, it will do
more toward making them familiar with the merits of the breed than any-

1889.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 47

thing else that can be done. I know there are other stock papers that do a
great deal in the way of educating the people, but there are none that are
devoted expressly to the use the Holstein-Friesian Register is, and as I under-
stand there is quite a large fund in the treasury of the Association, it seems
to me that it would be a good plan to appropriate a certain amount of that
fund for the support of the Register, and then let each member of the As-
sociation furnish a certain number of names to the publisher, of men who
they are familiar with, or farmers in the locality in which they live, and
have the Register sent to them for, say, a half a dozen issues, and half a
dozen issues to another set of names, and so on through the year, and in
that way you place in the hands of those who don't know anything about
the breed the very best kind of information to educate them in regard to it.
I think it would be the means of getting orders from a great many, and
cattle would be sold to parties who would read the journal in that way. I
don't know of any more effective means of getting at the people than put-
ting a document of that kind in their hands. I think that the publishers
of the Register are making it a readable journal, and are putting in a great
deal of very valuable information in regard to the breed, and I believe that
the most you have got to do now is to let the people know the merits of
this breed of cattle, and a great majority of the farmers will want to get
them. I think the Holsteins are the very best breed of cattle for farmers
in general to raise, and the dairy interest in particular is being increased
all over the country. We find there are creameries starting in western
states and in nearly all our large cities. There are a large number of cows
required for the supply of milk in these cities; it takes sixty thousand
to supply New York City alone, and we have to add a great number every
year to supply the increase of population. Now, if a paper of that kind
was generally distributed among the people, it would do an immense amount
of good, and I believe it would do the Association more good than anything
they could do in the way of educating the people in regard to the breed.

The President: Gentlemen, the motion is that this matter be left to
the incoming Board, to do as they see fit in this matter. Those in favor
will please say, aye; opposed, nay.

' Motion d

The Secretary: Mr. President, I have been requested by a member
of this Association, who is present — Mr. C. C. Smith, of Vail's Gate, New
York — to read the following:

" Mr. President and Gentlemen: Those of you who reside in this state are
well aware of the excellent work that Dairy Commissioner J. K. Brown and
his able assistants have accomplished in purifying the milk supply of our
cities and towns, in the total eradication of imitation butter, in the manu-
facture of better cheese, and in the general advancement of agriculture,
and all to the marked benefit of both producer and consumer.

48 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

" And, whereas, it is a well known fact that in consequence of the famous
ceiling business at Albany, there is a strong feeling among our legislators
toward retrenchment.

' ' Therefore I ask that we, as a body of agriculturists, pass a unanimous
resolution urging upon the Assembly of this state the great importance of
granting to the dairy department an appropriation that will increase the
usefulness of the commission, and carry the good work forward."

The President: What disposition will you make, gentlemen, of this
paper ?

Mr. Pratt : I suppose that resolution should be adopted.

Mr. W. Brown Smith: Mr. President, I should be in favor of some
such resolution as that. The work done by this commissioner has been
very effective, and he is working at it every day. I think we should do what
we can to sustain him.

Mr. C. W. HORR: I move that we authorize our Secretary to write a
letter embodying the sentiments as expressed in the letter received by him
as the unanimous expression of this Association.

Motion seconded.

The President: Gentlemen, you have heard the motion. Those in
favor will please say aye; opposed, nay.

Motion carried.

The resolution is as follows:

' ' Resolved, That this Association, realizing the great importance of the
work that has been accomplished by Dairy Commissioner J. K. Brown, of
New York, and his assistants, in purifying the milk supply of the cities
and towns of the state, as well as the eradication of imitation butter, desire
to urge upon the General Assembly of New York the great importance of
granting to the dairy department an appropriation sufficient to sustain and
increase the usefulness of the Dairy Commissions."

Mr. W. W. Proper: I have a little matter that I would like to bring
before the Board. When I began to breed this stock my father in-law was
a partner with me; that was some eight years ago. A year ago last June
he died. His share of that stock was left to my wife, and I, being executor
of his estate, did not transfer it to her. It stands on the books as stock of
H. B. Vaughn and myself; it is so registered in the Herd-Books. Last Octo-
ber we had the final accounting, and settled up all matters. Now, what I
want to do is to get that stock in my own name. Mr. Wales and I have been
corresponding, and he understands this, and it is perhaps right that I
should bring it before the Board and have it decided.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: Doesn't our by-law^ provide for such c.ises?

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 49

The Secretary: If this gentleman owned a part of them, he should
sign an application for their transfer. If he is the executor of the estate of
a former owner, he should sign as executor also.

Mr. W. W. Proper: I have the power to do that yet, Mr. Wales,
have I ?

The Secretary : Certainly.

Mr. W. W. Proper: Could I transfer them from him to myself, or
would it have to go to my wife, she being the heir to that property, and
then have it transferred back to me ?

The Secretary: If you are the executor of his estate, you have the
right to transfer them to whoever you please. Supposing you should sell
them, then you would have to transfer them.

Mr. C. W. Horr: It would depend upon whether his wife consents to
his being an owner or not.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I move, as there is no business before the meet-
ing, that we proceed to the election of officers for the ensuing year.

Motion seconded.

The President: Gentlemen, you have heard the motion; those in
favor will say aye; opposed, nay.

Motion carried.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: As a means of facilitating the business of this
meeting, I would move that after the candidates have been nominated, if
there is but one name for a given office, the Secretary be authorized to cast
a ballot for that office for the person nominated; it will save, in many
instances, a large amount of balloting.

Motion seconded.

The President: It is moved and seconded that the Secretary be in-
structed to cast the vote if there is but one candidate for an office. Those
in favor will please say aye; contrary, nay.

Motion carried.

Mr. W. M. Singerly: I move that we proceed to the nomination of
candidates.

Mr. Thomas B. Wales: Mr. President, I believe I have never yet pre-
sented the name of a gentleman for office, except that of Mr. E. A. Powell,
which was many years ago. I take pleasure to-day in nominating an old
member of this Association, and one who has done a great deal for it. I
nominate Mr. Edgar Huidekoper, of Meadville, Pennsylvania, for Presi-
dent.

The Secretary was then instructed to cast the vote for Mr. Huidekoper,
and he was declared elected.
4

50 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The Secretary: The next office is First Vice-President.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I will nominate for First Vice-President Mr.
George D. Wheeler, of Deposit, N. Y. He has been with us on all occasions
that I have, and is in the habit of attending our meetings, and seems to
take an active interest in them.

There being no other nominations, the Secretary was instructed to cast
the vote for Mr. Wheeler, and he was declared elected.

Mr. Smith : I will nominate Jere Allis, of Isinours, Minnesota, as
Second Vice-President. He is a fine breeder.

There being no other nominations, the Secretary was instructed to cast
the vote for Mr. Allis, and he was declared elected.

Mr. S. HoxiE : I would nominate John A . Fr ye, of Marlboro, Massa-
chusetts for Third Vice-President.

There being no other nominations, the Secretary was instructed to cast
the vote for Mr. Frye, and he was declared elected.

Mr. D. H. Burrell, of Little Falls, N. Y., having been nominated for
Fourth Vice-President, the Secretary was instructed to cast the vote for
him, and he was declared elected.

The Secretary: The next is three Directors for two years.

Mr. W. M. Sixgerly: I nominate Mr. Martin L. Sweet for a Director.

Mr. Pratt: I will second that.

The Secretary then cast the vote for Mr. Martin L. Sweet, of Grand
Bapids, Mich.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans : I nominate Mr. C. W. Horr, of Wellington, Ohio,
as a Director.

The Secretary was then directed to cast the vote for Mr. C. W. Horr, of
Wellington, Ohio.

Mr. Burrell: I nominate Mr. C. E. Payne, of Hamilton, N. Y.

The Secretary was then directed to cast the vote for Mr. C. B. Payne, of
Hamilton, N. Y.

The Secretary: Gentlemen, the next office to be filled is Treasurer.

Mr. O. P. Chapman: I would nominate W. Brown Smith, of Syracuse,
N. Y., as Treasurer.

The Secretary was then directed to cast the vote for Mr. Smith, of Syra-
cuse, N. Y.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I believe it is characteristic of most of the
successful corporations, that when they find a good man for a place they
keep him in it, and I move and nominate that our present Secretary and
Editor, Mr. Thomas B. Wales, be elected for another year.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 51

The President then cast the vote for Mr. Wales, and he was declared
elected.

The Secretary: The next is Superintendent of the Advanced Reg-
istry.

Mr. Horr: I take great pleasure in nominating Mr. S. Hoxie, our
present Superintendent.

The Secretary then cast the vote for Mr. S. Hoxie, of Yorkville, New
York, and he was declared elected.

The President: The next thing in order, gentlemen, will be the
reading of papers, and I take great pleasure in introducing to you Professor
Johnson, of Lansing, Michigan.

Mr. Johnson then read the following paper:

THE RELATION OF BREED TO MILK AND BEEF PRODUCTION.

Breed is the term in common use by which we designate a group of
animals distinguished by qualities not common to other groups of the same
species. Breed characteristics may be few or many. To illustrate, color,
alone, is the one characteristic that distinguishes the Essex from the Suffolk
breed of swine. In all other respects the two breeds are identical. The
Sussex breed of cattle differ from the Devon only in being of larger size,
according to our best authorities, and I believe there are examples where
the distinction between breeds has been, in fact, in name only. Usually,
however, these points of difference are more numerous and pronounced,
embracing color, form, size, temperament, and uses. Indeed, a trained
observer will, in comparing two animals of distinct breeds, note points of
difference in almost every external characteristic. To his eye these ex-
ternals indicate differences of internal organism that have to do with the
amount of food consumed, the ability to assimilate and digest such amount
as shall return most profit in a certaiu line of products. In short, the
utilization of food in production.

These breed characteristics are sometimes the product of natural causes.
More frequently man's agency is apparent in the changes observed, and
these are in line with the universally admitted law in all animal life — ■ the
tendency to adapt itself to its environment.

The habitat of animals has much to do with their peculiarities of de-
velopment.

Upon soil conditions depends the kind and amount of food produced,
and so soils indirectly have much to do with the developing and establish-
ing of breed characteristics. Fertile lands, level or moderately rolling,
develop our larger, early maturing breeds. Rich pastures, with full food
supply, without much effort develops large animals. On the other hand,
sparse pastures, on uneven, hilly, or mountainous land, tends to decrease
size; and so we find most of our small breeds have had their origin on lands
of uneven or barren character.

52 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Climate, too, plays no unimportant part in producing breed characteris-
tics. Those breeds most highly prized for their economic values are natives
of the temperate zones. These are all natural conditions, and affect
animals prior to, as well as after their domestication. And yet, while each
and all of these factors have had great influence in molding into form our
numerous breeds, and have more or less to do with the improvement or de-
terioration of their peculiar characteristics, it must be admitted that to
ikillfal breeding and feeding we are indebted most largely for those breeds
tfhose value for practical uses are most positively decided.

The practical breeder, versed not alone in the best theories of his pro-
fession, but uniting with them the knowledge which has been gained by
years of practical experience and observation, may, very often does, by the
judicious application of his knowledge, modify very largely the characteris-
tics which have been produced through the agency of the natural causes
named.

It is only, however, when development secured by the most perfect
utilization of these natural forces is supplemented by man's endeavor to
intensify and improve those qualities which have brought a breed into
recognition for its economic value that the greatest success is assured.

It then follows that the relation of breeds to milk or beef production,
or to any line of development, is not a fixed, but under certain limitations
a variable one, dependent upon the continuance of the causes that have
contributed, by intensifjang its distinguishing characteristics, to its individ-
uality.

With these brief references to breeds and the agencies by which they
have been developed, let me allude to the history of the breed of cattle in
which you are most directly interested, and see how far these references
apply.

The home of the Holstein-Friesian breed, so far as we can trace its
origin, was on the flats of North Holland and Friesland, noted for their
fertility from a very early period — every condition of soil and climate cal-
culated to develop a large, hardy breed of cattle. And when we remem-
ber that the sturdy Hollanders were the pioneers in dairy husbandry, and
that their dairy products in amount and quality have never been equalled
by any other people on the same area, we have the reason of their zeal and
effort to perfect a breed of cattle suited to their special industry. A soil of
great natural fertility, especially adapted to the production of the most
valuable grasses and forage crops, has been made more fertile, sure, and
productive by the added benefits of irrigation and heavy manuring. It is
to their credit that as early, if not before any other people, the Hollanders
identified themselves with the cultivation of the tame grasses and the
clovers which have proved potent agents in the developing of this breed of
cattle which has been famous for dairy qualities for centuries.

In short, the Holstein-Friesian breed of cattle are the product of most
favorable natural conditions. Soil and climate have contributed to the
furtherest limit in their development, and the Dutch farmers, with more

HOLSTKIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 53

far-reaching ken, perhaps, than of any other nationality, have weighed the
advantages of dairying in maintaining fertility and returning adequate re-
wards for capital and labor invested. To them the typical dairy cow has
been the image of profit. To develop in her offspring those qualities that
should add to her value for this particular purpose has been their study,
not for one, but many centuries. Can we doubt the stiength of heredity
thus acquired ; and intensified through successive generations, under natural
conditions so favorable, coupled with the studious efforts of the breeders,
by careful selections, to attain their ideal of perfection ? That ideal being
the animal that could transmute the product of their fields into the largest
amount of milk and its products.

I think there can be no question of the dairy characteristics of the Hol-
stein-Friesian breed, as thus evolved in the land to whose fame and wealth
they have so largely contributed. It has remained for American skill, how-
ever, to take the choicest specimens that could be found in Holland, and
not only to equal, but eclipse the largest recorded production in the home
country on American soil, and under American management; but bear in
mind that these results have only been realized when the American breeder
has taken for his ideal that which has enabled his over-the-sea-contemporary
to achieve success, viz. : the development of the dairy cow, the intensify-
ing of qualities valuable for this special purpose. By these successive gen-
erations of breeding for a particular purpose, the dairy characteristics have
been improved and intensified to a remarkable degree. Heredity is
potent, and these qualities are transmitted with increased power and in-
tensity to offspring, and we conclude that the relation of the breed charac-
teristics of the Holstein-Friesians are very largely in the line of dairy pro-
duction.

But what of the future? Breeds of cattle under natural or artifical con-
ditions do not stand still. The unalterable law of advance or retrogade
applies here as forcibly as in any other domain of man's effort. And so
the question is a pertinent one. While we congratulate ourselves on the
present status of the breed, "what of its future? "

Breed characteristics, while they may not be entirely eliminated, may
be very greatly modified by change of conditions and management, by the
endeavor to utilize the animal in other directions than those in which it has
been improved and developed. To illustrate, we may secure delicacy, fine-
ness of bone, and low per cent of offal at the expense of size, vigor, and
roughness. We may breed so as to sacrifice milking qualities for beef pro-
duction. We may disperse, weaken, and modify those characteristics that
have become hereditary only as the product of years of persistent and
wisely-directed effort on the part of the breeder. It takes a long time to
establish breed characteristics so that we can depend on their being trans-
mitted to offspring. A very short time, in a course of opposite or
antagonistic procedure, will vitiate very greatly, almost destroy, these char-
acteristics.

And so, to my mind, the future success of the breed, the holding of its

54 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

present place and achieving greater victories, depends on your working on
the same line to secure in more perfect degree the realization of the ideal of
your Dutch predecessors, viz: the best dairy breed of cattle. If you have
it to-day, be thankful; but remember that eternal vigilance and a continu-
ance in the same line, with the same object kept ever in view that has
brought the breed to its present position can maintain, perpetuate, and add
to its excellence. Do not be distracted by any clamor that the breed is
wanting in beef quality. That is a matter of very little consequence when
compared with its value for the dairy. Don't be persuaded to displace your
ideal cow for the dairy for a myth, an uncertainty. Don't follow in the
lead of some unthinking enthusiasts who are full of wild theories which
invariably side-track them a good distance from the home station where
practical results are realized. Your ideal cow has not sprung up in a night;
nor come forth full panoplied, in her most valuable qualities, from airy
nothingness. Avail yourselves of all the knowledge and science of this
ultra-scientific age. It may help you in methods and management in your
efforts to improve the ideal, but if any success is attained it will be because
you study and plod along the same lines of practice adopted by your pre-
decessors over the sea — because you have the same object in view for a
guiding star, an inspiration.

What is science in breeding cattle but the application of those principles
that long years of observation and experience in actual breeding have
demonstrated to be of general application ? It is the right use of what is
known on this subject. Not the counterfeit wisdom which is too often
apparent in the advocacy of unknown, if not unknowable, theories. With
a profound respect for every ray of light, for every grain of knowledge that
modern science can contribute to us in our labors as breeders, we must not
forget that success will only crown our efforts when we utilize our knowl-
edge by applying it in common-sense ways along the same lines where the
best practice of the wisest doers in the past have marked the lines of real
advance in breeding.

An English writer has recently said, with much truth, "That great
dairy properties may be present where there is also a tendency to rapid and
abundant flesh-making; that you have, for instance, an excellent dairy cow
which, when fed off, at least makes a profitable return to the grazier and
pleases the butcher and his customers besides. Such animals, indeed, are
common enough in districts where breeding for general purposes is skill-
fully practiced, but they do not supply evidence contradictory of the neces-
sity of sticking to one object if you want perfection in any one property.
They rather suggest what may be done by repeated blendings of properties
which can not permanently co-exist without more or less impairing one
another. They are not, it is here suggested, examples of permanent results,
but of results which maybe obtained in perpetuity by fresh combinations "

So far as the Holstein-Friesian breed is considered for beef productions,
we should not forget that this quality has been secondary in importance

1889-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 55

ever since the breed had a history. I have no hesitancy in saying that in
my opinion the future success of the breed depends upon keeping this
quality in subjection to the dairy qualities.

It will not be forgotten by those conversant with the history of the
early Short-Horns, that the Teeswater breed, as they were called in an
early day in Yorkshire, Eigland, were noted for dairy qualities, and
while some of the descendants of this old stock have been so wisely bred
that this quality of milk-production has not been lost, in far too many
cases the desire for symmetry, beef quality, and early maturity, have led to
a course of breeding that has sacrificed this quality in good part. That
Short-Horn breeders realize that such action has not been altogether wise,
is evident from the official action of the state and national organizations on
this subject.

There is no question of the quick-growing qualities of the Holstein-
Friesian breed. I have had some opportunity of comparing their growth
with the so-called beef breeds, under exactly the same conditions, and I
think that they will make as many pounds in the same time as any other
breed. They lack the early maturing qualities, the large development in
the places where our highest-priced cuts are secured, the early ripeness and
finish which are prime characteristics of the beef breeds — characteristics,
remember, that have been secured through generations of breeding for this
particular development, and at a corresponding loss, invariably, of dairy
qualities.

And, while I am forced to the coaclusion that while they are quick
growers they lack in the qualities that will enable them to compete iu beef
rings with the earlier maturing beef breeds, I must say in all honesty that
I believe that the standing of the breed in our beef markets to-day is not
what its actual merits entitle it to, and I beg your indulgence while I sug-
gest what seems to me to have contributed largely to this prejudice, and
what I would suggest in the way of a remedy." Prejudice is very likely to
be the child of ignorance. It is the lack of the facts that very often leads
to erroneous impressions, to false conclusions.

There has been such a demaud for your pure bred cattle that only a few
have found their way to the shambles, hardly enough to enable the dealers
in our principal markets to grade them in value properly ; and without
knowing how or why, dealers invariably class them as very unsatisfactory
animals for the markets.

Would it not be wise for Holstein-Friesian breeders to weed out more
of the animals that are not up to the standard in their herds ? More or
less calves in all herds should be culled out. Sold as breeders, they impair
the reputation of the breed. Such a course lowers the breed standard
and the price of individuals. It is not good policy from a financial stand
point. It does not add to the prestige of a breed. I think at your last
meeting your President suggested that it might be wise to adopt a rule
providing that no bull calf should be eligible to registration except from a

56 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

dam eligible to the advanced registry list. He thought it would be of ad-
vantage to the individual breeder, as well as the Association, to largely cut
down the registry of bulls.

If such a course of procedure were followed in every herd, we could soon
place so many animals on the market that whatever of merit they have as
meat-producers would be known; and I am confident that much of this
prejudice would be dissipated by a better knowledge of the edible qualities
of the beef of this breed. In addition, by such a course the higher and
more valuable qualities of the breed as dairy animals would be strength-
ened.

This Association is to be congratulated on its action in establishing a
system of advanced registry. You have been the first to take this action,
the wisdom of which in thus uniting well-vouched and recorded perform-
ance with pedigree commends itself to every thoughtful breeder. That
your laudable example, with more or less modification, will sooner or later
be followed by other cattle breeders organizations I cannot doubt.

This is a questioning age. We scan traditions and claims in stock, as
well as other matters, very closely, and unless they are girt about with the
facts that appeal to our practical sense, we reject them. We do not have
as many pedigree worshippers as formerly, or at least wiser ones, and it is
a good omen when breeders insist upon a standard of performance as the
truest measure of value.

Pedigree is only the prophecy, the promise of value in a certain
direction. Performance is the prophecy fulfilled — the most isdisputable
evidence of the ability of the animal to pay, in current coin of the realm,
what is promised in its pedigree.

Mr. E. A. Powell: Professor Johnson has given us, in his paper, some
of the most valuable suggestions I have ever heard in a paper of the kind.
I think that we want to thank Professor Johnson for having come here
among us, and for having prepared and given us this able paper. I pre-
sume every member of this Association will respond to that sentiment, and
I move, sir, that a hearty vote of thanks be extended to Professor Johnson.

Mr. MlLLEK: I will second that.

The President: It is moved and seconded that a vote of thanks be
extended to Professor Johnson; all those in favor will please say aye; con-
trary, nay.

Motion carried.

Mr. C. L. G. Blessing: I suppose this will all be printed.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I move, right here, that the Secretary be author-
ized to publish five thousand copies of the proceedings, including the
addresses, and mail one copy to each member, and distribute the others as
he sees fit.

Motion seconded.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 57

Mr. W. G. Powell: Including the members of the Association, and
also the constitution and by-laws, so as to have them to refer to.

Motion carried.

Mr. C. L. G. Blessing: I would like to inquire of the Secretary if he
knows about how many breeders of Holsteiu cattle there are in the United
States.

The Secretary: Yes, sir; there are about four thousand, eight hun-
dred.

Mr. C. L. G. Blessing: The point was to get enough printed to cover
sending one to each breeder. That was my object in asking the question.

The President: The next thing in order, gentlemen, is the reading
of a paper by Professor Collier.

Professor Collier then read the following paper :
THE DAIRY INDUSTRY.

Gentlemen : — In announcing to your Secretary the subject of the paper
which I was kindly invited to present to you, I accepted for myself a some-
what roving commission, as you see, and deliberately, as I was really uncer-
tain as to the line I should choose. What I have to say will be almost
entirely statistical, and yet I hope not necessarily uninteresting, for after
all it is the ultimate results in quarts and pounds, in dollars and cents,
which chiefly concern us; and if in what I may say there is anything
which may help in the future to have the accounts of our dairymen and
stock-breeders show a balance upon the right rather than the wrong side of
the ledger, it cannot be other than acceptable.

I believe my statistics will help in this direction, if the lessons they
present are carefully considered. In taking at first a general view of the
dairy industry of this country, I desire to call attention to the facts set
forth in the following table, in which I have represented the aggregate
number and value of dairy cattle in the several sections, viz. : In the
New England, Middle, Atlantic and Gulf, Central, Western, and Pacific,
and West West States:

DAIRY CATTLE IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

Six New England States — Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massa-
chusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island.

Five Middle States — New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland,
Delaware.

Nine Atlantic and Gulf States — Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana.

Six Central States — Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee,
West Virginia.

Eight Western States — Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Mis-
souri, Arkansas, Kansas, Nebraska.

58

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

AVERAGE VALUE OF CATTLE IN THE UNITED STATES.

Number.

Value.

I Aver- Cows,
age I Per

Value! Cent.

age
Value

6 New England States . . .

5 Middle States

9 Atlantic and Gulf States .

6 Central States

8 Western States

12 Pac. and W. West States

822,435
2,811,242
2,556,227
3,102,716
4,713,869

849,925

25,617,081131.15
84,624,316130.11
41,461,762!l6.22
81,634,573J26.31
108,139,368;22.94
24,775,07329.15

Average j 14,856, 414j$ 366,252,173 24.65 100.0|

5.5 100.0
18.9' 96.6

17.2

20.9

31.7

5.7

52.1
84.5
73.6
93.6

Fifty-one per cent average 43.3 per cent more in value per cow than 49
per cent .

NUMBER OF COWS TO POPULATION AND AREA.

Persons to
One Cow.

I Number ! Acres of

Acres Hay] Cows to \ Cultivated

per Cow. | Square | Land per
Mile. Cow.

6 New England States . . .

5 Middle States

9 Atlantic and Gulf States .

6 Central States ......

8 Western States

12 Pacific and W. West States

4.88
4.12
4.16
3.89
2.08
2.01

5 22
3.08
.26
3.01
2.32
3.02

12.6
24.5

4.2
13.0

9.0
.68

6.4
7.3
16.8
16.5
14.0
16.0

Average of New England and Middle States 7.1

Average of all other states 15.5

Eighty-one per cent of cultivated land in the New England States is in
hay; 42.2 per cent in Middle States; 1.5 per cent in Atlantic and Gulf;
18.2 per cent in Central; 16.6 in Western; 18.9 in West West and Pacific.

I have also shown the average value, the per cent of dairy cows in the
several sections, and their average percentage value in these several sec-
tions.

It will be seen that the average value of 51 per cent of the cows is 43.3
per cent greater than the average value of the remaining 49 per cent, the
highest average value being in the New England states, and the lowest
being in the Atlantic and Gulf states.

There is also shown the number of cows to population, to the square
mile, to acres of cultivated land, and to acres in hay in the several sections.

It will be seen that west of the Mississippi there is on the average one
cow to two inhabitants, while the average for the eastern portion of the
country is about one cow to every four of population, being less in the New
England states, where the average is one cow to 4.88 persons.

The number of cows to the square mile varies greatly, averaging two-
thirds of a cow to the square mile in the Pacific and West West as a mini-
mum, and 24i cows to the square mile in the Middle states, being the
maximum.

18S9]

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

59

The acres of cultivated land to a cow averages, for the New England and
Middle states, 7.1, and for all the others 15.5, there being a remarkable
uniformity shown in this relation of number of cows to acres of cultivated
land.

An interesting fact is shown when we compare the average number of
acres in hay to each cow, there being about a quarter of an acre of hay to
each cow in the Atlantic and Gulf states, and twenty times as much, 5.22
acres, to each cow in the New England states. The other sections average
about three acres of hay to each cow.

In connection with this subject of the hay crop, and its immense im-
portance in relation to agriculture, and particularly in connection with
the dairy industry, it is interesting to observe that of all the cultivated
land in these several sections devoted to the leading crops, viz., the
cereals, cotton, tobacco, potatoes, and hay, 81 per cent in the New England
states is in hay, 42.2 per cent in the Middle states, 18.2 per cent in the
Central states, 16.6 per cent in the Western states, 18.9 per cent in the Paci-
fic and far west states, and but 1.5 per cent in the Atlantic and Gulf states.

None need to be reminded of the fact, which thousands of practical
illustrations abundantly confirm, that profitable agriculture and productive
lands are closely connected with flocks and herds, and these in turn with
the extended cultivation of the hay and forage crops.

Of course every one is familiar with the general fact of the enormous
increase in the dairy industry, which, during the past half century, has
kept pace with the general development of the material interests of the
country; but there are certain features in this development which are
worthy of consideration:

INCREASE OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY EAST AND WEST.

States.

1869.

New York, .
Pennsylvania,
Ohio, . . .

Iowa, . .
Kansas, .
Nebraska,
Minnesota,
Missouri,

1,459,866
663,935

747,250

2,871,051
100

417,448
109,142
. 42,071
151,242
349,440

1,069,343
100

1,446,200
828,400
714,100

2,988,700
104
100

676,200
321,900
127,600
278,900
516,200

1,920,800
180
100

1,552,373
929,371

783,481

3,265,225

109

1,293,095
652,883
400,066
455,664
737,259

3,538,967

184

60

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

CATTLE IN TEN STATES.

States.

No. Cows.

New York, .
Iowa, . . .
Illinois, . .
Pennsylvania,
Texas, . . .
Ohio, . . .
Missouri,
Kansas, . .
Indiana, . .
Michigan, .

1,552,373

1,293,095

974,975

929,371

826,806
783,481
737,259
652,883
573,670
441,676

8,765,589

57 per cent

of total.

$ 45,950,241
28,861,880
24,569,370
25,613,465
11,302,438
22,525,079
14,229,099
13,292,698
14,628,585
12,698,185

213,671,040

58 per cent

of total.

In this table I have selected for comparison the three states of New York,
Pennsylvania, and Ohio, and the five western states, Iowa, Kansas, Ne"
braska, Minnesota, and Missouri, because the statistics of this year show
an aggregate of dairy cattle in these three eastern states approximately the
same as in the five western states.

If, now, we consider the last two decades, we find that from 1869 to 1879
the increase in dairy cattle in the three eastern states was 4 per cent.
But from 1869 to 1879 the five western states increased in the number of
dairy cattle 80 per cent; and from 1879 to 1889, 84 per cent.

It appears that in ten states there is 57 per cent of the total number
of dairy cattle in the United States, and 58 per cent of the total value of
the dairy cattle of the country.

DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL CATTLE INDUSTRY EAST AND WEST
OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
In 1869, 82.2 per cent of the number of milch cows, and 87.3 per cent of
the aggregate value of the milch cows of the United States was east of the
Mississippi.

In 1879, 68.2 per cent of number, and 71 per cent of value.
In 1889, 58.5 per cent of number, and 62.9 per cent of value.

East of Mississippi
River.

West of Mississippi
River.

Per Cent
West.

1840

1850

1860

1870

1880

1889

14,026,314
15,341,358
19,796,059
16,125,100
17,610,000
21,211,151

1,041,958
2,990,958
8,959,256
9,359,000
15,648,000
29,119,891

6.9
16.3
31.2
36.7
47.1
57.9

1889.1

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

61

East of Mississippi river increased 51 per cent. West of Mississippi
river 2,795 per cent in fifty years.

As further evidence of the wonderful development of the west, it appears
from the above tahle that in 1869 82.2 per cent of the entire number of
milch cows was east of the Mississippi river, and 87.3 per cent of the aggre-
gate value of those in the United States. In 1879 there was 68.2 per cent
of the number and 71 per cent of the value; in 1889, 58.5 per cent of the
number, and 62.9 per cent of the value.

Or, if we consider the entire number of neat cattle for the past fifty
years, we find that in 1840 but 6.9 per cent were west of the Mississippi;
while in 1889 57.9 per cent are now beyond the Mississippi river. Further,
that while there has been, during the past fifty years, an increase in the
number of neat cattle east of the Mississippi river of 51 per cent, the
increase west of that river is nearly 3,000 per cent, or 2,795 per cent.

1840

1850

I860

1870

1880

1889

rl-57068,00G

507331T00(H

INCREASE OF NEAT CATTLE IN U. S. A. IN 50 YEAES.

During the first decade (see chart A), from 1840 to 1850, the increase in
neat cattle in the United States was 22 per cent; from 1850 to 1860, 57 per-
cent; from 1860 to 1870, 31 per cent; and from 1880 to 1889, an increase
of 51 per cent.

In this connection I desire to call attention to chart No. 1, where you
will see that during the past twenty years there has been an uninterrupted

62

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

«ft

■o©

Ce

H*

vl

©

1889.]

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

63

1870

64

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

1870

1889.]

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

65

XoM

lo/o

JLbVb

lo//

JLo/o

^

io/y

looU

A

/c

V- \o

\ \"0

lool

vs.

\o
\-s>

A*

X \

looA

X 1 QQQ

V3

7*

o

•o

0}

\ looo

ioo<± \

J.005D 1

J/oob

loo/
—1888—

66 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

and steady increase in the number of dairy cattle in the United States, as
is shown by the diagonal and nearly straight line. It will be seen that the
line which represents graphically the fluctuations in average value of the
cattle descends gradually from a maximum of $39.20 in 1870 to a minimum
of depression in 1879, when the average price was but $21.60, again in-
creasing to 1884, since which time the price has steadily fallen away, being
given for January 1st, 1889, at about $24.00.

These facts would appear to demonstrate that there was no relation ex-
isting between the increase in cattle and their value, and that they shared
the ordinary fluctuations in the values of farm products, whether of crops
or animals.

That this latter view is probably the correct one is shown by charts Nos.
5 and 6, which show the fluctuations in price of the leading farm animals
since 1870, which fluctuations are seen to be practically the same, as is
more clearly shown in chart No. 6, in which the lines of the diagram show
the changes which have taken place by percentages; the prices in 1870 be-
ing taken as $100. It will be seen that in 1879 the average price of oxen
had fallen off 32 per cent; horses, 36 per cent; cows, 44 per cent, and
mules, 49 per cent. In 1884 and 1885 the price of oxen had advanced to
104 per cent; horses, 92 per cent; cows, 80 per cent, and mules, to 77
per cent of the prices of 1870; and again had fallen off down to the present
year, although the decrease in milch cows and oxen has been more marked
than in the case of horses and mules. It is, however, noticeable that the
legislation which has been carried forward for the benefit of our dairy in-
terests has not apparently strengthened the prices of either the dairy cattle
or their products.

Through the courtesy of Mr. C. W. Jennings, of Belleville, N. Y., I
have been furnished with the data collected by him in what he termed the
"Cow Census" of the town of Ellisburg, Jefferson county, N. Y. Jeffer-
son county stands third of the sixty counties of the state in the number
of its milch cows, Oneida and St. Lawrence alone surpassing it; but five
counties, St. Lawrence, Chautauqua, Chenango, Delaware, and Otsego, sur-
pass it in the amount of butter made upon the farm; and but five counties,
Oneida, St. Lawrence, Cattaragus, Herkimer, and Orange, surpass it in the
amount of milk sold or sent to butter and cheese factories. The results
ascertained, therefore, by this census of Mr. Jennings' are in the highest de-
gree important to our dairy interests, and being, so far as I know, unique,
I have thought them worthy of the extended consideration I have given
them, the results of which I desire to submit to you.

And I desire to say that while I shall have no hesitation in giving what
appears to me to be the legitimate conclusions which these facts establish,
I am disposed, rather, to submit the facts themselves, as I have classified and
collated them, leaving you gentlemen to draw your own conclusions there-
from.

The following exhibit shows the character of the data placed in my
hands by Mr. Jennings. It comprises in all 370 different herds of dairy
cattle, with an aggregate of 5,594 cows:

1889.]

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

67

GRADES AND NATIVES.
Full blood, 3.5 per cent; grades, 63.9 per cent; natives, 32.5 per cent.

Grades.

Natives.

Per Cent

Average

Natives of No.

Earnings.

No. Herds.

No. Cows.

No. Herds.

No. Cows.

Cows.

Below $20

5

41

7

93

69

$20 to 25

15

255

20

254

50

25 to 30

58

929

56

626

40

3a to 35

60

1,226

43

544

31

35 to 40

47

854

20

236

22

40 to 45

18

287

5

47

14

45 to 50

4

21

3

17

45

Over 50

9

164

216

3,777

154

1,817

(Many cows returned as grades no doubt should have taken their places
among the natives, as they were evidently of that denomination. I noted
them as given, lower even. Nearly all the farmers use grade sires. Their
progeny are called grades. They are grades, it is true, having been graded
down and not upward).

The above table gives the per cent of full bloods, grades, and natives,
and owing to the small number of thoroughbreds, they have by me been
classed as grades. I have given the number of herds and cows of both
grades and natives of which the average total earnings per cow were below
$25; from $25 to $30; $30 to $35; $35 to $40; $40 to $45; $45 to $50, and
over $50.

The first noticeable result in this table, after the general fact that the
average earnings are so low with the great majority of the animals, is, that
from the first the per cent of natives rapidly diminishes as the rate of
average earnings increases, from 69 per cent of the cows the average earn-
ings of which are below $20. To 14 per cent of those the average earnings
of which are from $40 to $45, and none among the cows the average earn-
ings of which are above $50.

The total number of cattle is, 216 herds of grades, containing 3,777
cows, and 154 herds of natives, containing 1,817 cows.

EFFECT OF GRAIN ON EARNINGS.

No. Herds.

No. Cows.

Value Grain per Cow.

Average Earnings
per Cow.

8

86

$ 2.08

$18.26

27

402

3.19

23.24

89

1,307

3.14

27.84

87

1,599

3.47

32.25

60

983

3.54

37.08

20

290

4.09

41.91

6

34

5.44

47.37

4

117

8.18

51.81

4

42

7.31

57.45

1

5

15.00

81.00

306

4,865

68

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

VARIATION WITH NO GRAIN FED.

No. Herds.

No. Cows.

Average Earnings per Cow.

4

48

$19.26

8

107

24.05

25

248

27.67

16

171

32.27

6

90

36.78

2

26

41.64

1

4

46.50

62

694

Average earnings of all with grain, $ 32.48

Average earnings of all without grain, 29.47

The value of all grain fed, 17,301.45

Increase value, $3.01x4,865= 14,643.65

I next endeavored to determine the effects of grain fed upon the total '
earnings; and to this I desire to call your especial attention, since in this
feature of the discussion of the data I came upon results which somewhat
surprised me.

I selected all the herds, whether grades or natives, 306 in all, containing
4,865 cows, to which grain was fed, and then these into groups, where the
earnings, as before, were below $20, between $20 and $25, $25 and $30, $30
and $35, and so on. I then determined the average value of grain fed to
each cow in these several groups, and found, as perhaps we should have
expected, that as the average earnings per cow increased, the amount of
grain fed per cow also increased in regular order, though not in proportion.

But I found of the remaining herds, 62 in all, containing 694 cows to
whom no grain was fed, that there was a similar variation in average earn-
ings, although the maximum earnings without grain were not so large as
with grain; still, while none of these herds without grain reached an
average earning of $50.00, there was of those cows which received grain
only 3.4 per cent the average earnings of which surpassed $50.00. More-
over, I found that the average earnings of all those cows which received
grain was but §3.01 per cow above the average of earnings of those cows
receiving no grain; and that the increased value of the aggregate earnings
of those cows which were fed grain was $14,643.65, while the grain fed
them was valued at $17,301.45, or $2,657.80 in excess of the increased
earnings.

To still further determine, if possible, the effect of grain fed, I grouped
the returns in accordance to the value of grain fed per cow, i. e. all those
receiving less than $1.00 worth of grain per cow; from $1.00 to $2.00; $2.00
to $3 00, and so on, and then averaged the returns, both by herds and by
cows. By herds, in the hope that any result due to difference in treat-
ment, care, and other conditions which would alone be the cause of differ-

1889.]

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

69

ence in results might affect the result as little as possible; and by cows, in
order to determine the general average.

This was done separately for grades and natives, and the results are
presented in the following tables :

AVERAGE EARNINGS TO VALUE OF GRAIN FED.

By Herds.

Grades.

32.84 73

30.00 1.63

33.69 2.56

33.30 3.57

34.40 4.53

33.89 5.51

36.63 6.47

40.32 7.51

35.44 8.44

25.65 9.96

32.77 10.31

47.12 11.46

41.52 13.59

81 00 15.00

AVERAGE EARNINGS TO VALUE OF GRAIN FED. — BY COWS.

Natives.

28.39 93

29.28 1.63

30.06 2.65

30 30 3.49

32.67 4.52

31.40 6.00

40.40 6.42

29.60 7.75

40.09 8.33

27.75 11.50

Natives.

Geades

Number

Number

Value

,' Average

Number

Number

Value

Average

of

of

of

Earn-

of

of

of

Earn-

Herds.

Cows.

Grain.

ings.

Herds.

Cows.

Grain.

ings.

7

97

$ .91

$26.75

10

233

$ .64

$32.06

31

397

1.53

29.28

42

689

1.61

30.09

42

501

2.62

30.30

44

671

2.49

32.17

18

200

3.44

29.78

33

635

3.49

33.61

10

78

4.44

30.95

22

400

4.44

34.21

1

12

6.00

31.40

13

283

5.49

34.49

3

47

6.38

37.23

6

146

6.60

34.93

2

29

7.93

27.13

8

146

7.50

36.88

1

9

8.33

40.09

4

82

8.41

34.78

1

4

11.50

27.75

1

26

9.96

25.65

1

65

10.31

32.77

116

1374

3

78

11.55

44.88

2

23

13.78

37.03

1

5

15.00

81.00

190

3482

It will be seen that while there is a general tendency towards increased
earning-! with an increase in the grain fed, there is no approach towards
regularity in increase, whether we consider the results by herds or cows, by
grades or natives.

I desire to call your particular attention to this, inasmuch as a less
exhaustive discussion of very limited data appeared to me, and to all those

70 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

to whom the results have been submitted, as conclusively establishing the
economy and profit in feeding grain (and with grain is included bran), and
even determining the extent of profit.

Of course I shall not be understood as maintaining that the feediDg of
grain is not both wise and profitable; but only in these cases it is difficult,
if not impossible, to determine the degree of wisdom or extent of profit in
such a course.

I gladly avail myself, therefore, of this opportunity to correct, not the
conclusion reached, but the reasoning by which it appeared to have been
clearly established. Thus far in my discussion of the results of this " Cow
Census " the benefits from feeding grain are not proven as clearly as might
be expected.

There is another matter vitally connected with the success of the dairy
industry of the country to which I desire to call your earnest attention. I
find that I am reported as having said, at the recent meeting of the Dairy-
men's Association of New York State, that if the angel of destruction
should pass over the herds of our milch cows with some intelligent dis-
crimination and sweep off to-night three-fourths of a million, or fifty per
cent of them, next fall the profit from our dairies would be vastly increased
over that of last season, notwithstanding the enormous loss of about $24,-
000,000 worth of cows.

One nowadays is more brave than discreet who questions the notes of
the professional stenographer. I shall not do it, for I suspect I said that;
and I confess it sounds like me. I believe it to be true, moreover, and I
believe that the data furnished in this " Cow Census " will fully establish
its truth; and on account of its immense practical importance, I ask you to
critically follow in the next point I present, viz. : the cost of keeping the
cows of the dairy. During the past twenty-five years the average acreage
value of the hay crop in the state of New York has been $16.05. It hardly
appears that in the county of Jefferson it can be less, but rather more than
the average of the state. Certainly the cost of feeding out the hay upon
the farm would add somewhat to its value when sold in bulk.

The grain, the fodder corn, the rough fodder, are all products costing
either money in their purchase or the full cost of their production. The
average taxes amount to about $2.50 per cow; and since the chief income
of the farmer in these cases is from the dairy, it appears only proper that
the taxes be added to the items of cost. Pasturage is variously estimated
at from $8 to $12 per cow. Either sum appears to me to be too large. The
interest upon investment, it would appear, should be paid before one could
begin to estimate his profits. The necessary repairs of the farm in build-
ings, fences, and wear and tear of the implements used; the care of the
cattle; the manufacture and marketing of the products of the dairy; all these
items must go to swell the list of expenses which each for himself may
make.

1889.]

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

71

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72 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

In the table showing cost of feeds per cow, grades and natives, at
various earnings, I have tabulated for both grades and natives; and accord-
ing to their average earnings, the actual cost per cow for grain, fodder corn,
meadow, roughage, and taxes, the meadow being the only thing estimated,
and that, as has been previously explained, at $16 05 per acre, it will be
seen that with the sole exception of cost of grain fed there is little differ-
ence in the several items of expense, whatever the average earnings.

In the table showing profit or loss per cow at different earnings, I have
tabulated the total earnings, the product from sale of calves, the cost of
keeping, including grain, fodder corn, hay, roughage, and taxes only, but
not including cost of pasture, and the other necessary items of expense
already enumerated.

I have also determined the net profit or loss per cow at different average
earnings for both grades and natives. It will be seen that the average
product from sale of calves in the case of the grades increase witn the total
earnings per cow; while with the natives, as a rule, the greater the product
from the sale of calves, the less the earnings. This fact would appear to
indicate that the raising of calves for veal was hardly profitable, and also
that a portion of the increased average earnings of grades was derived from
the sale of higher priced calves, which, in the case of the pure thorough-
bred herds, is obviously true.

It appears that there were 1,225 grades and 1,517 natives which fell far
short in their earnings of paying for their feed alone, even not including
their pasturage; and that there were 32 4 per cent of the grades and 53 6
per cent of the natives the average earnings of which were below $30.00;
87.5 per cent of the grades and 96.5 per cent of the natives the average
earnings of which were below $40.00; or 39.3 per cent of all the cows with
average earnings below $30.00, and 90.4 per cent of all the cows with aver-
age earnings below $40.00. The average cost of food, excluding pasturage,
was $31.83.

There remains, therefore, with over 90 per cent of the dairy cattle in
these 370 herds, with a total of 5,594 cows, the narrow balance of $8.17
per cow, which must pay for pasturage, for care, for milking, manufacture
and marketing of products, the needed repairs of buildirjgs and fences, the
wear and tear of implements needed in carrying on the work, and the
numberless incidentals with which you are more familiar than I; and when
these (and you will observe that I have not included the interest upon the
capital) items are deducted from $8.17, the balance may be set aside as the
actual profit per cow realized by the owners of 5,058 of the 5,594 cows, the
returns from which we have been considering.

Gentlemen, I need hardly assure you that even the desire to be found
correct in my calculations in the discussion of this important matter — a
laudable desire, truly — still even this is not so great but that I should rejoice
to find that I was in error, and that this industry was not upon the whole
conducted so disastrously as the statements I have submitted for your con-
sideration appear to me to prove.

Jiut the recent report of the Dairy Commissioner, Mr. Brown, gives very

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 73

strong confirmatory testimony, since he shows that 37 counties of New
York State (1,183 factories reporting — receiving milk from 407,810 cows,
owned by 30,746 farmers), give an average milk yield per cow of only 3,034
pounds, and the Commissioner has personally assured me that in his delib-
erate opinion this is rather too large than too small. At an average price
of 85 cents per 100 pounds this equals an average annual earning per cow
of $25.79.

In his report I find that of the 37 counties reporting, 18 counties fall
below, giving only 74 per cent of this general average, or 2,245 pounds of
milk, worth $19.08; while 17 counties are above, and average 3,914 pounds
of milk per cow, worth $33. 27.

Nearly three-fifths, 57.4 per cent, of all these cows, over a quarter of
the milch cows of the state, give an average return of only $18.17 per cow.

Three counties, Oswego, Cattaragus, and Herkimer, containing 251 fac-
tories, receiving milk from 89,323 cows, give an average return per cow of
$17.60. Here are two lots of cows, nearly 100,000 in each, the average re-
turns per cow from one being about 120 per cent greater than from the other

I have not in this discussion forgotten, nor do I wish lightly to pass over,
a most important matter in connection with this subject, and this is the
valuable product of manure incident to this industry. If only this pro-
duct is carefully husbanded, and returned to the fields whence the several
food products for the dairy cattle are obtained, it will largely diminish the
net cost of the feed, which should be charged for such material if sold off
the farm. The sum to be carried to the credit side of the dairy industry
by the economical saving of the manure will depend wholly upon the in-
telligent appreciation of its value by the individual dairyman; and there
can be no doubt that this single item will alone in far too many cases be
the factor which shall determine the degree of profit or extent of loss which
results.

Since preparing this paper I have received Bulletin No. 32 of the Mas-
sachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, which presents in detail the
" Record of Twelve Cows which Served at the Station for Experiments to
ascertain the Cost of Feed for the Production of Milk;" and this is so
entirely in accord with what I have already presented, that I know you will
be pleased to have a summary of the results obtained by Dr. Goessmann.
This herd of twelve included five Ayrshire grades, two Durham grades,
two Jersey grades, one Devon grade, one Dutch grade, and one native.

The average age of the twelve was seven years, and they had averaged
three and one-half calves each.

The average days in milk during the experiment were 402; maximum,
599; minimum, 261.

The average yield of milk per day for entire period was 11.14 quarts, or
24.14 pounds.

The average yield of milk per cow for 300 days, averaging the beginning
and ninth month of lactation, was 3,870 quarts, or 8,385 pounds.

The average gain in weight of ten of the cows during the trial was 87.6
pounds, and the average loss of the other two was 42 pounds.

74 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

According to the report of the Dairy Commissioner, the best 22 per cent
of the cows reported by him averaged 4,538 pounds of milk per cow, or 46
per cent less than the average of this herd of twelve grades reported by Dr.
Goessmann.

The Doctor concludes his report as follows: "It is evident that the
most serious attention ought to be bestowed on collecting and preserving
the manurial refuse obtained in connection with the production of milk; for
it depends largely on a judicious management of this matter how much of
the stated manurial value will be actually secured." He estimates the
value of the manure secured by him in his experiments as equal to 40.45
per cent of the value of the feed used; and he continues: " The liability of
a loss in the manurial value of the refuse matter renders it advisable, for
financial reasons, not to depend on too close a margin of cash returns.
Although it will be concluded that the dairy cow, aside from the special
service, is a most important factor in a mixed farm management, as far as
an economical disposition of home-raised fodder crops and a liberal produc-
tion of home-made manure is concerned, yet when reduced to a mere
manure-producing machine, this value may well be questioned from a
financial standpoint." And he concludes that a " cow whose total milk
record averages not more than eight quarts per day, j udging from our own
condition, promises to prove a better investment when prepared for the
meat market than when constituting a liberal proportion of the stock kept
for supplying the general milk market at stated prices."

Eight quarts per day, or the butchers' block, is the conclusion of Dr.
Goessmann. judging from the conditions at Amherst, Mass. Let us, then,
consider those conditions as compared with those of New York State, for
example.

Three cents per quart is the market value placed upon the milk pro-
duced by his herd — but 3 cents per quart is a price 63 per cent higher than
is 85 cents per 100 pounds, the average price, as I will assume, paid by the
cheese factories of New York, which would bring the cheese produced at 9
cents per pound. On the other hand, the average acreage value of the
cereal and hay crop of Massachusetts during the past three years has been
32 per cent higher than in New York.

Eight quarts per day is 5,200 pounds in 300 days, and but a single one
of the 1,183 factories reported by Mr. Brown surpassed such a record, while
101 factories came next, with a record of 4,702 pounds of milk per cow, or
10 per cent below the point of profit fixed by Dr. Goessmann.

Fifty-two hundred pounds of milk at 85 cents is $44.20, and yet there
were but seven herds, containing 81 cows, among the 370 herds, containing
5,594 cows, reported by Mr. Jennings, the average earnings of which, in
milk, butter, or cheese, surpassed this limit.

Barely 81 cows, or less than 11 per cent, averaged, for milk, butter, and
cheese, $47.83 earnings.

I am aware, gentlemen, that while this is, as I believe, a truthful, it is
also a very gloomy statement of the present condition of the dairy industry.

1889-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 75

It would be indeed disheartening were it inevitable and necessary. It
is unnecessary.

Very briefly let me indicate the conditions of success which, if intel-
ligently considered, may render the dairy industry one of the most pleasant
and profitable branches of agriculture.

I will give, as an illustration, a case in point which has fallen within my
own experience, which I have no reason to believe to be unique, which, how-
ever, we must admit is exceptional.

Not many years ago I was going back and forth over the hills and val-
leys of Vermont holding farmers' institutes, and frequently in company
with members of our Board of Agriculture, one of whom was, as now he
is, a leading dairyman of the state. During those journeys to and fro he
often spoke of his work and plans for the future, and especially do I recall
his confident declaration that he should within a few years double the an-
nual product of his herd of cattle, which even then was far in advance of
the average dairies of the state.

He was getting 150 pounds of butter per cow, fully 25 pounds beyond
the general average then, as I believe it to be now. He declared his inten-
tion to secure at least 300 pounds, and detailed his plan for accomplish-
ing it.

I have his statement with one of his results last season. The average of
his 34 cows was 302 pounds of butter per cow. The cost of keeping aver-
aged $43.50 per cow. The receipts per cow, less cost of keeping, were
$53.61. Cost of packing and marketing butter, $6.00 per cow. Average
net receipts per cow, $47.61. Total net receipts of herd, $1,618.76. Total
value of product of herd, $3,301.66.

At the recent Dairymen's convention held at Burlington his butter re-
ceived 98 points out of a possible 100 — evidence enough as to its quality.
The average price per pound of his butter, packed in tubs, was 28} cents.

The gentleman is Hon. Francis D. Douglass, of Whiting, Vt., President
of the Vermont Dairymen's Association.

Mr. Douglass declaress with truth and emphasith.it there is absolutely
nothing to prevent the dairymen of his state, and of the country, from doing
the same thing, if only they will.

On motion, duly seconded, a vote of thanks was extended to Professor
Collier.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I beg your pardon for taking up time, but I wish
to state something that I think will be of interest. Messrs. Wood & Son,
of Exeter, New York, reported to us a short time ago the result of thirty
cows, nearly all of them high grades — a few thoroughbreds; nine of them
were three-year-old heifers. They sold to the milk factory this season
183,000 pounds of milk; they made 1,500 pounds of butter, taking 37,000
pounds more, and they gave the items of milk, making nearly 9,000 pounds
per cow, nearly all of them being three-year-olds. Those were kept for
profit. Mr. Henry Jerome, who sells his milk to the Orange County Milk

76 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Association, commenced a great many years ago by crossing on the best
Holstein-Friesian bulls. At the time he commenced he was making 4,000
or 5,000 pounds of milk, which he sold to this association. This season
he sold over 9,000 pounds to that association, three of his cows being only
two-year-olds. Mr. Schuyler, the next neighbor to him, sold this season
10,448 pounds on an average, and that was the milk he got his pay for from
the association, and he stood all the waste and everything of that kind, be-
sides using milk in his family. The first gentleman was paid about $90.00
per cow, and Mr. Schuyler was paid $107.55, by the association.

The President : Gentlemen, the next thing before us is the reading
of a paper by Professor Morrow. He is unable to be present, but has sent
his paper, and I will ask Mr. Goodwin, of Chicago, Illinois, to read it.

Mr. Goodwin then read Professor Morrow's paper, as follows:

THE BASIS OP VALUE IN CATTLE.

The final measure of value of farm animals is, adaptation to the wants
of man. The final basis of price is, the actual and relative numbers of
animals of different grades and adaptations. Beauty of form or color, per-
sonal attachment to individual animals, or good reputation of the ancestry
may increase the estimate of value of a few animals. Prices may be con-
trolled for a time or permanently for animals with rare characteristics,
but the permanent estimate of the value of any class of animals produced
in large numbers, and the prices at which they can be disposed of, depends
on its demonstrated fitness to meet the practical wants of man.

The cattle breeding and feeding interests in the United State3 are un-
usually depressed. All classes show this depression — the best and the
poorest, pure bred and grade, fat cattle and milch cows, all sell at lower
prices and find a less ready demand than was the case a few years ago. It
is well worth while for individual cattle-breeders and the representatives of
any breed to ask whether it be possible to secure a more general belief in
the superior merit or wider adaptation of their cattle.

The working ox has so largely disappeared in this country that the fit-
ness of any breed for the production of working cattle cuts no figure in the
popular estimate of value. Practically the estimate of value of almost all
the good cattle of the country depends upon their supposed merit as pro-
ducers of meat or dairy products, or of both of these.

The owners of, perhaps, one-third of the nearly fifty million cattle in the
United States care little or nothing for the milk-giving ability of their cows,
so long as they are able to supply the needs of the calves. By far the
largest number of the cattle of this class are in the herds of the far western
states and territories. Any breed of cattle the cows of which are inferior
as milkers, or are believed to be so, will work against odds in attaining or
maintaining wide-spread popularity in any district of considerable size east
of the Missouri river.

1889.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 77

The owners of, perhaps, one-tenth of the cattle in the country care little
or nothing for the heef-making capability of their cows, valuing them only
because of ability to give a large quantity or an excellent quality of milk.
Many dairy farmers think the possession by either bulls or cows of the size
and form best fitting them for beef-making a serious objection. This is
also true of many village or town residents.

The owners of more than half of the cattle in the country attach im-
portance to both the beef and dairy qualities in placing an estimate on the
value of a cow or a breed of cattle. Some attach much more importance
to one than to the other, but many nearly equal importance to each. The
seven great corn-producing states — Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri,
Kansas, and Nebraska — have nearly one -third of the cattle of the country.
In these states are reared and fed vast numbers of fine beef cattle. The
special dairy interests of some of these states are important. But more
than half the cattle in these states are kept in comparatively small herds
by farmers who do not believe they can wisely ignore either beef-making or
milk-giving in their cows — farmers who are not special dairymen, yet are
not content to keep a cow simply to suckle a calf.

As affecting the bearing of these facts, it should be borne in mind that
it is practically inevitable that the relative number of dairy cows will in-
crease in the older states, except, possibly, in the south; and that in the
opinion of many, the rearing of beef-cattle is to be more and more con-
fined to what we now call the far west.

For the present, the largest demand for cattle is for those believed to be
good both for beef-making and milk-giving; the next largest, for cattle
believed especially good as beef-producers; the next, for cattle believed to
be especially valuable as dairy cattle, with little or no reference to other
qualities.

Is it possible, or practicable, to meet the preferences of this largest num-
ber of cattle-owners ? If so, is it wise to attempt to so do ?

It is a well established principle in breeding, that it is difficult, often
practically impossible, to combine the highest degree of excellence in two
or more directions in one animal or one breed. The requirement that there
shall be uniformity in color, size, or any distinguishing mark greatly in-
creases the difficulty in developing or maintaining the highest degree of
excellence in any breed. Adding an additional " fancy " or unimportant
point to the standard of excellence for any breed usually does harm.

There is overwhelming evidence, however, that we may have a symmetri-
cal development of the whole animal, giving fitness for every natural func-
tion. We must choose between unusual or extraordinary devolpment of one
quality and fair development of two or more. Special development in the
domestic animals, as in man, attracts most attention, commands the highest
price, and, in many situations, is by far the most valuable. Fair ability to
do more than one kind of work in the domestic animals, as in man, is less
showy, usually lower priced, but meets a larger demand.

78 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The most widely-popular breeds of chickens are those which combine
good size and form with good egg-producing ability. The most sought for
breeds of sheep are those combining mutton and wool production in the
greatest degree. The most generally popular breeds of hogs are those for
which both early maturity and good size are claimed. Along side the de-
mand, at high prices, for horses of great speed and horses of great strength,
there is an increasing popular demand for horses combining speed, size,
beauty of form, and activity in good degree.

Milk-giving and flesh-making are equally natural functions of every
cow in natural conditions. Milk and flesh alike come from the food eaten,
digested, and assimilated. The quantity and quality of either product will
be affected by individual peculiarities, acquired or inherited, by the quantity
and quality of food, and by good or bad care. Full work can not be done
in both directions at the same time. The maximum product in both is not
to be expected from the same animal, even at different times. There are
thousands of cows, however, representing a half dozen breeds, or various
crosses, which are conclusive proofs of the possibility of combining in one
animal a merit above the average, both for the dairy and for beef making
— a combination making animals more valuable for a multitude of our
farmers than would be those in which there was a special development in
either direction with corresponding weakness in the other. It is well worth
an effort to supply the best possible of these double-purpose cows.

The number of pure bred cattle of each of the more popular breeds is
large — so large that high average prices are not to be expected in the future.
Very high prices may be expected for cattle which are, or are believed to
be, exceptionally good, but with increasing numbers of technically pure bred
animals, the average of prices for such will more nearly approach those for
good cattle not eligible to record. Attempting to increase the demand by
demonstrating adaptation to the wants of a large number of possible pur-
chasers is a wiser policy than is any attempt to restrict production, except
by discouraging the use of inferior animals.

The supply of pure bred cattle equals the present demand at any satis-
factory range of prices. But the possible demand is far in excess of the
supply. All the registered cattle of all the improved breeds in the United
States would not, in number, replace the herds of any state or territory in
the union, save only Rhode Island and Delaware. It is the exception, not
the rule, to find herds the chief purpose of which is the production of dairy
products or steers composed of pure bred animals. The large majority of
the bulls used throughout the country, as a whole, are not pure bred. Im-
provement of most of the herds of the country has been only indirectly, if
at all, by the use of pure bred sires and dams.

The least demand for improved cattle is usually found in regions where
there is most need of improvement; the best demaud from regions in which
are already found a goodly number of fairly good cattle. Improving the
average merit ordinarily increases the desire and ability to secure cattle of
the highest excellence.

!889-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 79

Experience has shown that records of phenomenal results, either in
milk-production or in beef-making, are not more effective in securing favor-
able regard for any breed by farmers generally than is accumulation of evi-
dence of comparatively moderate results under conditions closely approxi-
mating those under which the better class of cattle-meu must place their
stock.

It would be exceedingly unwise for the breeders of any class of cattle
which has deservedly won reputation as possessing superior excellence for
either one of the two gre^t purposes for which we keep cattle, to purposely
or carelessly suffer any loss in this regard.

The highest prices, and perhaps the largest profits, will be secured by
those who can produce animals or families which naturally or by skillful
development are able to show the largest yields of milk or butter, or the
most or best beef.

It would be equally unwise for the friends of any breed of cattle to
fail to magnify the fact, if it be a fact, that its merits are not all in one
direction. To fail to do this, is to fail to invite appreciation by very
many cattle-breeders, who insist that they are so situated that they most
need cattle with symmetrical, rather than special, development.

The special friends of the most numerous and widely-distributed breed
of improved cattle in the United States are now officially and privately an-
nouncing their belief that the former policy of giving attention to the de-
velopment of this breed for one purpose only was a mistaken one, and are
officially encouraging the opposite policy.

It has been preferred in this paper to state principles, and leave their
application to intelligent cattle-breeders. Comparison of breeds is not
necessary here. The breed of cattle to the interests of which this Associa-
tion is devoted stands in the front rank as regards milk production. Cows
belonging to it have extraordinary records as butter producers. Clearly it
should be ranked among the dairy breeds. It has characteristics which
commend it to many farmers who are not distinctively dairymen. Its large
size and the rapid growth of the calves are greatly in its favor. Rarely has
any breed of farm animals long maintained wide-spread popularity among
farmers unless it was above medium size. An honorable record has been
made in beef production in a comparatively small number of cases. Grades
and crosses of this breed have given large gains for food consumed, and
very large weights for age, in many trials.

Inspection of noted herds, or the animals exhibited at leading fairs, shows
that there is a considerable difference in the type preferred by leading
breeders. Some evidently attach much more importance to the supposed
typical milk form than do others. Plentiful illustrations are to be found
of. finely-bred bulls and cows of this breed which would show creditably
in any collection of beef-cattle.

Is it wise to admit that this breed, which has grown in popularity so
rapidly, which has so many friends among the most intelligent of cattle-

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

breeders, is and can be adapted only to tbe needs of one division of tbe
smallest of three great classes into which the cattle-owners of the United
States are to be divided ?

Mr. W. G. Powell: Through Mr. Goodwin, I would like to have con-
veyed to Professor Morrow our thanks, and those of this Association, and
warm appreciation of his paper, regretting that he is not here personally.

Motion carried.

The President: Gentlemen, the next paper is from Benjamin C. Sears,
Superintendent of the New Jersey State Agricultural College Farm. The
subject is " The Milk Supply of Large Cities."

Paper read by Mr. Sears as follows:

THE MILK SUPPLY OF LARGE CITIES.
In the early settlement of any country it is the first care to provide for
the actual necessities of the family, and everything which they need must
be produced on the farm. As the country grows older, its inhabitants ac-
quire wealth and gather themselves into cities. Civilization becomes more
and more complicated; the demands of consumers become more and more
exacting, until they can only be met by those who make an especial study
of the production of some one article.

The farm loses its virgin fertility; land advances in value; taxes
increase. The expenses of our home-life grow greater. The farmer ceases
to believe that what others enjoy of home conveniences and home adorn-
ment, of culture and education for their children, he and his are not also
entitled to and must have, all of which makes a larger income necessary,
and renewed exertion is needed to meet these just and growing demands.
He finds that his neighbors in the city are willing to pay him for articles
of food and luxury, and his attention is turned to supplying their wants.
Others living about him are as quick as he in seeing this demand, and
all are anxious to supply it.

One of the first wants felt by cities in their growth is a supply of perish-
able articles — fruit, vegetables, and fresh milk. The milk supply is one
of the first wants felt as soon as land becomes too valuable for pasturage.
This want is first supplied by those living near enough to drive in and
deliver with the same conveyance. Soon the town outgrows this supply.
Farmers at a distance send in milk by rail and river, adding freight charges
to the cost of producing the milk, and also increasing very much the cost
of delivery; increasing the cost of milk to the consumer, and taking off a
share of the profit to the producer, as it is always incumbent upon him to
place his product within reach of the consumer. But adding another class
of consumers to the many which go to make the large cities a market ibr
all kinds of produce.

I propose to treat this subject by a brief history of the growth of the
milk supply of New York City, as probably what will apply to that will
apply to most other cities in proportion to their growth.

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 81

At an early date in the history of New York City, the milkmaid was
driven from the pastures bordering on Maiden Lane, up the Bowery, to and
beyond the old homesteads which bordered the East and North rivers,
making a stand for a time at Morrisania and the fertile plains of Harlem,
then on into Westchester, and, by means of ferries, drawing also from Long
Island and the adjacent shores of New Jersey. The opening of the Harlem
railroad extended the field of supply into Westchester, Putnam, and later
into Duchess counties.

In the year 1844 the Erie railroad was opened to Goshen, and milk was
shipped from Orange county to help fill the demand in New York City. At
first it was shipped in all sorts of vessels, but soon the regular tin can came
into use, at first of different sizes, holding twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, and
sixty quarts, then gradually getting down to forty quarts, or ten gallons
each, and now a can of milk in Orange and adjoining counties means forty
quarts.

At first the cows were milked at a very early hour, the milk, imperfectly
cooled, shipped at 6 o'clock in the morning, taken by the way of Piermont
and the connecting river line to New York, reaching there in the heat of
the day, delivered, in many cases, by dealers interested in near-by dairies
and, with water added, sold as Orange county milk, at a lower price than
the pure article, sold as their own production, thus injuring for a time the
reputation of Orange county milk. The natural advantages, sweet pastures,
pure water, and greater care of the milk, not sending it away until thor-
oughly cooled, the greater convenience of night trains leaving in the cool
of the day and arriving in the city in time for the early morning delivery,
all these gradually overcame the early prejudices against these new sources
of supply, and "Orange County," "Putnam," and "Duchess County
Milk" was painted in large letters upon the delivery wagons, sometimes
perhaps, without a strict regard to the facts in the case.

We then thought that the Shawangunk mountains of Orange and the
end of the Harlem railroad were the natural limits of the milk sup-
ply of New York City, and that it was one of the natural and inherent
rights of the farmers within those limits to supply that demand; but those
living just outside of this charmed circle became desirous of helping to
supply this demand. Railroad companies recognized in the milk freight a
steady and every-day income, and used all their efforts to work up this busi-
ness by putting on refrigerator cars for long distances, and charging no more
freight for "long hauls" than shorter ones, thus practically bringing the
farms situated one hundred and fifty miles distant as near the great me-
tropolis as those only fifty miles away. The Hudson River Railroad reached
out into Herkimer county — until ten years ago the centre of its milk traffic
was one hundred miles from New York. The Housatonic drew from all
Western New England. The Erie shoved its milk train over the Shawan-
gunk range into the rugged valley of the Delaware. The Ontario & Western
tunnelled the same range, and now draws from Delaware and adjoining
counties, while the Walkill Valley, Ulster & Delaware, Susquehanna &
Western, New Jersey Central, Long Island, and Northern Railroad of New
6

82 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Jersey and New York add their quota, so that there is no night so dark that
there are not very many ' ' milky-ways, ' ' with long lines of lighted trains,
bearing their supplies of milk food to New York City and its suburbs.
And what is true of New York, is true, no doubt, of Boston, Philadelphia,
and Chicago, and all other large cities of this and other countries, to a
greater or less degree.

The dairies of all these regions were naturally summer dairies, and the
natural food for milk had always been the fertile pastures, for which these
regions had become famous. The result of this was a flow of milk during
the summer months, and during the winter season it was very difficult to
supply even a moderate demand. Out of this state of the market grew
the modern creameries, located at some point convenient to a large num-
ber of dairies, equipped with all modern machinery, with facilities for
handling large quantities of milk, with separators for taking off the cream,
with steam power for churning when the cream cannot be sold, with large
quantities of ice for storing and keeping the cream until it can find a mar-
ket, thus using up some of the surplus when the production is too great, and
having on hand milk which can be shipped as received, or cream in stor-
age to supply a sudden demand. By this aid a large demand for cream
has been created and supplied, and this article, long considered a luxury,
has become with many a necessity for table use, while a very large propor-
tion of the product is made into ice-cream, and the various forms of
desserts and confections which tempt the appetite of the wealthy cus-
tomer, and add largely to the consumption of the products of our dairies.

Stimulated by higher winter prices, the farmers of the older milk-
producing districts have built comfortable barns, have made their dairies
largely winter dairies, and by a careful study of feeds, and the most im-
proved methods of preparing and feeding them, have succeeded in supply-
ing the market as well in the winter, when our great cities are full and
the demand is largest, as in the summer months. So that now there is no
great flood followed by a great scarcity, but the city of New York and its
suburbs receive with great regularity their daily quota of about 700,000
quarts of milk each and every day of the year — the time of our ' ' late
blizzard " being the only exception.

In order that the great amount of milk which now reaches the market
may meet with a ready sale, and in order that the demand may grow with
the growing population of our cities, it is necessary to sell it at moderate
prices, that it may compete with the other food products.

The quality must be maintained, so that the physician may know that
his patient is getting the right quantity and quality of food in the " milk
diet," which seems to be a cure for many diseases and a needful food to many
invalids; the mother and nurse must be sure that the infant is getting the
proper amount and quality of nourishment, and that it comes from healthy
cows.

Our milk laws, requiring twelve per cent of solids, as judiciously enforced
by our Dairy Commissioners, have done much to give pure milk to the

1889-1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 83

poor, and the active competition which prevails in this branch of trade, as
much, if not more than in any other, insures to the rich the same boon;
also putting upon the market milk in glass bottles has added to its con-
sumption, by making it more attractive for table purposes, by being in
convenient vessels for the sick room, for the boarder, for placing on the ice
for a cool drink, convenient to take upon board the steamer when sailing
for Europe, or upon shorter voyages, picnics, and in many other ways in
which bottled wines and beers are used. All these things help not only to
hold, but also to create, a market for this primitive, natural, healthy food.

To keep and satisfy this demand, the milk must be clean, free from
stable odor, perfectly sweet, and must keep sweet at least twenty-four
hours after delivery; should be made from good, sound food; should be
well up to the standard of solids, and the fat should be held in solution by
the milk, in order that it may reach the consumer after a long journey in
the form of milk, not partially churned butter. It should come from healthy
cows, so that no cry of tuberculosis or pulmonary disease may alarm
the nervous consumer. The cows should have pure water and healthy sur-
roundings, in order that any outbreak of typhoid fever may not be at-
tributed to the milk supply, by your showing to all inquirers that your
cows have a purer water supply than most cities have. In short, whatever
can make our product better and give the consumer greater confidence in
the purity of our milk should be our study. Whatever will deceive, or
even disappoint, our customer, and all unnecessary excitement which may
alarm, should be carefully avoided.

A year or two since I learned from a representative of the Anglo-Swiss
Milk Condensing Company that the price which they paid for milk varied
very little either in Orange county, New York, in England, or in one or
two other points on the Continent, but was a little cheaper in Switzerland.
Taking this fact in connection with the other, that it must compete with
other articles of food, in price, to invite a large consumption, it appears that
we cannot look for any higher price from the consumer, and as long as the
present freight rates and very heavy expenses of delivery continue, to not
much larger prices to the producer. Any larger profits, therefore, must
come from improved production, to accomplish which we must have well
equipped farms and good buildings. We must make a careful study of
our feeds. We must see that our daily ration is properly balanced, that
there is no waste; but above all, our dairy must be made up of the best
specimens of a good milk-producing breed, and as far as possible, of a
good family of that breed. Natives of the soil, the owners' pride, the
owners' peculiar care, well worthy the slightly changed words of Whittier:

" In our good dairy, so sleek and fair,

No bones of leanness rattle ;
No tottering hide-bound ghosts are there,

Or Pharaoh's evil cattle.
Each stately cow bespeaks the hand

That fed her unrepining ;
The fatness of a goodly land

In each sleek hide is shining."

84 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Horr: Mr. President, it is with pleasure that I move that a vote
of thanks be extended to Benjamin C. Sears for the address which he has
just given, and I would ask that we have it published in the minutes. It
is certainly worthy of a place with the rest.

Motion carried.

The President: The next thing in order, gentlemen, will be the re-
port of the Auditing Committee.

Mr. H. Langworty: Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, the Auditing
Committee have the pleasure of reporting that they have found the accounts
surrendered by our Secretary and Treasurer, as also the Superintendent of
Advanced Kegistry, correct, with the exception of $1.00 in the Association's
favor.

On motion, duly seconded, the report was adopted.

The President: The next thing in order is the reading of a paper by
Prof. Thome.

Prof. Thome then read his paper:

THE COMPARATIVE TESTING OF THE DAIRY BREEDS.

Whether dealing with the soil, with the plants that grow upon the soil,
or with the animals that feed upon these plants, the first question that con-
fronts the professional experimenter is that of variety.

Do the soils that are the product of decomposed sandstones require the
same treatment as those which result from the weathering of the harder
limestones, in order to maintain their fertility ? Which variety of grain,
fruit, or vegetable will give the largest return, and which breed of horses,
cattle, sheep, or swine is best adapted to certain specific purposes ? These
are questions of perennial interest.

Indeed, this question of variety lies at the very foundation of scientific
progress in rural industry ; for, whether we look at it from the evolutionist
or the creatist standpoint, we must admit that the differentiation of species
into varieties has for its direct object a better adaptation to environment,
and thus ultimately, in the case of cultivated plants and domestic animals,
a greater suitableness to the wants of man.

There is abundant justification, therefore, for the lively interest which
the intelligent farmer manifests in the question of breed, and for the earn-
estness with which he demands information that shall be a reliable guide
to him in the selection of such a breed as shall be best adapted to his
peculiar condition and surroundings.

But it is not possible, in the present state of our knowledge, to give a
response to this demand which shall be founded upon incontestable facts.
We say, in general terms, that certain breeds are better adapted to the pro-
duction of beef, and certain others to the production of milk; but we are
not prepared to s.iy that any one of the beef breeds will produce a pound

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 85

of flesh at less cost than another, nor can we yet assert, and support our
assertion with scientific demonstration, that either of the dairy breeds, as
a breed, is superior to all others for the production of milk.

I wish to be distinctly understood on this point: I am not here to dis-
parage any breed of cattle, nor to cast doubts upon the claims made for it;
and especially is this true of the magnificent breed in whose interest this
convention is held. Standing, as I do, without pecuniary or other interest
in any breed whatever, except the desire to arrive at the truth, I have to
say that I firmly believe that there is a very large place for the Holstein-
Friesian breed in the dairy industry of America; but if I were called upon
to give a scientific basis for this belief, I should be compelled to admit that
it is as yet simply founded upon hypothesis, although these hypotheses
lack but the clinching of their nails, as it were, to become parts of the fixed
record of the breed. What I say of the Holstein-Friesians applies equally
to each of the other breeds; each has its own peculiar field, large or small,
but the boundaries of these separate fields are very indefinite.

The desire to locate these boundaries is being constantly manifested in
innumerable competitive tests at our fairs, and in countless private tests,
designed to arrive at some rule by which the capacity of this or that breed
might be estimated.

No one will be more ready than the gentlemen who have been person-
ally interested in either of the methods indicated to admit that such tests
are wholly unsatisfactory. The very nature of the competition at the fair
precludes the possibility of arriving at any exact truth, even were judges
or awarding committees thoroughly competent, and entirely beyond the
reach of bribery ; while in the private test the temptation to over-estimate
is so strong, and average human nature so weak, and withal so distrustful,
that such tests have very little weight either among breeders or with the
general public.

Nor has the official test made under the auspices of the breeders asso-
ciation proved a solution of the problem. The great difficulty with all
these tests is that they only give us the performance of phenomenal ani-
mals, and leave us entirely in the dark with respect to the capacity of the
breed as a breed. But this is just the point on which the farmer and
dairyman want more light. They do not care for the enormous yields made
by a few cows under exceptional treatment, unless these yields be an index
of the capacity of the breed in general; for they know that it is possible to
select individual cows amoa» natives, grades, or even among the beef
breeds, whose performance, under similar conditions, would far exceed
what the breed in general is capable of doing.

Hence I say that the question which the general public — and I appre-
hend the majority of breeders, as well — desire to have answered is, not
what can this or that individual cow do, but

WHAT CAN THE BREED DO?

This, I repeat, is the question that we are called upon to answer to-day.
This is the problem toward whose solution we must steadily direct our

86 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

investigations if we would meet the demands of the times. But it is often
easier to point out a prominent landmark in the distance than to indicate
the route by which it may be reached. The distant mountain seems easy
to climb; it is only when we actually begin the ascent that we realize the
difficulties of our undertaking, and this is emphatically true of the subject
in hand.

Although this work is not included in the long list of subjects for in-
vestigation given in the act of congress establishing experiment stations
in the several states and territories, yet there is abundant evidence that it
is a work which the people expect the stations to undertake, and already
several stations have moved in the matter. Some of the stations have been
urged to join in a o-operative movement of this character, the plan of
which, briefly stated, is for each station to purchase a few animals, sup-
posed to be fair representatives of each of several breeds, and subject them
to comparative tests, in which the feeding and treatment shall be similar,
beginning at calf hood, or later, as the judgment of the station may dictate.

The objection to this method is that it will be impossible to select out
of any breed a limited number of animals which will be accepted generally
as a fair representative of the breed, especially if this selection fails to come
out ahead in the competitive test. It is urged in opposition to this objec-
tion, that if a number of stations join in the test, the errors arising from
such selection will be largely eliminated by the number of animals under
test; but this does not necessarily follow. Two guesses may or may not
give a better average than one, but they remain nothing but guesses.
Moreover, the resources of the stations will not permit the purchase of
phenomenal animals, or members of fancy families of any of the breeds;
and unless some of these are included, the test will not be accepted as a fair
measure of any breed's capacity. As a modification of this plan, a circular
proposing the following method was issued some months ago by the Ohio
station, and submitted to prominent breeders for criticism and suggestions:

"I. In the case of the beef breeds, let the respective state associations
select each year a certain number of steer calves — say six of each breed —
these to be purchased at their market value by the station, and subjected
to the same treatment throughout until they arrive at maturity; an ac-
curate account being kept of the food eaten by each, and of the monthly
increase in weight.

" II. In the case of the dairy breeds, let the state associations select an-
nually — say three representative cows of each breed — these to be removed
to the station, and there subjected to the same treatment for a year (or
during their flow of milk), and then returned to their owners in unimpaired
health and condition. In order to avoid disputes respecting the health and
condition of the animals, the following rules are proposed:

" (1) No cow will be accepted for test until the veterinarian of the sta-
tion, or other officer appointed for the purpose, shall have examined her
and pronounced her sound.

" (2) Upon each cow offered for test a valuation shall be placed, and if
this valuation be deemed excessive, the station shall have the privilege of
rejecting the cow.

" (3) The station shall not be held responsible for injuries to cattle
caused by fire, lightning, or storms.

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 87

" (4) Id no case shall the station be held responsible for injury to any
cow in a greater sum than the valuation placed upon the cow when accepted
for test.

" (5) In case of any dispute respecting the condition of a cow on her
delivery to the owner, the matter shall be submitted to a board of arbitra-
tion, consisting of the veterinarian of the station, or other officer appointed
for the purpose, the president of the breeders' association of the breed to
which the cow belongs, or other person appointed by him, and a third per-
son, chosen by these two, and the decision of this board shall be accepted
as final."

It will be seen that there are several weak points in this plan. The first
is, that under it only exceptional animals will be offered for test; another
is, that it involves the moving of the cow to be tested and placing her under
new and strange conditions and surroundings, and this will in many cases
cause her to fail to do her best; a third is, that however carefnl the station
might be, cases would be continually arising in which the owners of the
cattle would feel that they had not been properly cared for, and however
the boards of arbitration might decide, there would be dissatisfaction which
would work to the disadvantage of the stations.

In the correspondence growing out of this circular, the following plan
was suggested by Mr. B. B. Herrick, of Wellington, Ohio, which, while it
leaves much to be desired, yet it seems to me to cover more of the essential
points of such a test than any other yet proposed:

" Let the station send a competent man to such herds of pure-bred cattle
as may be offered for test; this man to weigh accurately all food consumed
by the cattle; to take samples of the same, and send to the station for ex-
amination and analysis; to weigh the milk produced by each cow, and
determine its quality, both by chemical analysis and by the churn; to
determine by actual working test the amount of caseine or curd in the
milk, and to determine the weight of the animals under test by daily
weighings. It is proposed that the test continue one or two weeks, and
that it be repeated once each quarter, at least, throughout the year.- By this
method six herds at least may be kept under observation at the same time,
and as will be shown further on, the herds may contain any number of in-
dividuals up to a hundred or more each."

It will be seen that this method proposes to deal with aggregations,
whereas other methods deal with individuals only. It is true that in-
dividual tests will be included in this method, but the aggregate result will
be the grand object of the work.

It may be objected to this plan that breeders will not care to have the
records of their poorer animals published. But the stations have nothing to
do with the commercial side of this question; their object will be simply to
arrive at a scientific answer to the question, "what is in the breed?" and
it will be no part of their duty to publish such details as may interfere with
the business of those who furnish the cattle for test. The range of varia-
tion and the aggregate result, the details of care and management, and
such facts as may be required to show the relation between food and pro-
duct, are all the points in which the stations will have any interest. To
the owner of the herd, and to those interested in building up a breed upon
the solid foundation of actual merit alone, such tests will have great value,

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

because they will point out the animals that are living on the reputation of
the breed alone, and in so doing are loading it with so much dead weight.

The objection may be raised that the methods of management of different
breeders will vary so greatly that no comparable data can be obtained by
this method; and but for the light which modern science has thrown, and is
throwing, upon the relation of food to animal nutrition, this would be true.
As it is, however, the chemist can now reduce the various feeding stuffs to
their dry matter, and this dry matter to its constituents of protein, car-
bbydrates, and fat, in such a manner that 1 he variations in method between
different feeders will be but a slight impediment to the direct comparison
of results.

It has been objected to any method involving the handling of large
numbers of cattle, that it would be practically impossible to analyze their
milk separately; and under the old systems of analysis this objection was
a valid one. But a new method of milk-analysis has recently been devised
by Prof. F. G. Short, of the Wisconsin Experiment Station, by which any
man of intelligence, and that without any previous knowledge of chemistry,
may accurately determine the fat in a very large number — one hundred or
more — samples of milk daily. This method has been thoroughly tested,
and proven equal in its results to the best methods of the chemical labora-
tory.

It may be objected that breeders will feed their herds lavishly in antici-
pation of the quarterly test, and then reduce the feed while the test is in
progress. Possibly this trick may be attempted in some cases. There are
comparatively few breeders who will stoop to such trickery, however, and
when there is reason to suspect that it has been attempted, it may be ex-
posed at once by continuing the test for two weeks, as the falling weight
will show, that the feed has been changed.

These are the chief objections which occur to me as likely to be brought
against this method. They are objections of weight ; but, as I have already
intimated, there seems to me to be a greater possibility of overcoming
these and of successfully solving the problem before us by this method
than by any other yet proposed. My object in coming before this conven-
tion, however, is to get the judgment of the practical breeders here assem-
bled, and therefore I invite your criticism and suggestions.

On motion, duly seconded, a vote of thanks was extended to Prof.
Thorne.

Mr. G. D. Wheeler: I am very sorry that we have not time to discuss
some of these questions that are brought up in these papers. This question
of testing the different kinds of cattle is very interesting to us, and as far
as I have ever known, we have never been challenged to any contest what-
ever in this way but what we have accepted it, and we would be glad now
to accept any challenge from any breed of cattle, and let the tests be made
by persons who are disinterested; and I am glad that this subject has been
brought up. We love to have tests made of our stock.

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 89

Mr. C. W. Horr: I also regret that we cannot spare the time to go into
discussion on these subjects. I think we have struck a point that we ought
to talk about; I think we should say something about this paper of Prof.
Thome's. The experiment that he narrated which took place on the Ohio
Experimental Farm was not quite satisfactory, because a milk that will
make cheese is just as good to us as one that will make butter. My under-
standing of the Jersey cow's milk is that while it is extremely rich in but-
ter, it is not so rich in cheese. In other words, Jersey skim-milk is the
poorest stuff that was ever put into a stomach; Holstein milk is rich in
caseine. I got this information from one of the United States agricultural
reports. In my early reading of the Holstein breed I found that the milk
was rich in caseine. An experiment that did not touch the cheese qualities
of the milk, as well as butter, would not be satisfactory to me, that is cer-
tain; but the value of a cow is not fixed simply by finding that if you
furnish to her so much feed it will go to so many cents worth of milk; it
is one of cheese and butter. Suppose that a Jersey would produce one-
half as much butter and cheese on an average as a Holstein, you would
have to have a barn twice as large, but it would not take twice as long to
milk twenty Jerseys giving twenty pounds a day as it would ten Holsteins
giving forty-five pounds; it would take more time to clean the stables and
care for the cows, and it would be a larger investment in every way, so that
the whole question would not be decided in that way. Again, you can not
get at the value of a horse by weighing him, and saying that he can go so
many miles in a minute, or a mile in so many minutes, and then that the
horse is capable of going so many miles in an hour. Why, the disposition
of a horse, his agreeableness, and many other things are taken into account
before you get his real value. Now I claim for the Holstein cattle that if
you enter into a comparison of qualities in that way, the verdict must be
in their favor over any other cow. I never had but one cow — -Holstein
cow — upon my premises that would kick. I sold her cheap because she
kicked, and she never kicked after the man had had her a week. Now
such a record as that, so far as my knowledge, information, and belief goes,
is not to be compared with any breed. Not a single kicker; there is no
trouble in my barn in breaking in my heifers; there is no difficulty what-
ever in milking my two-year-old heifers when they first calve. Now I am
only making this as a suggestion. It would not be told by this test. I
would like to ask the professor whether the same method of testing will
reveal the amount of caseine as well as the amount of butter ?

Prof. Thorne : It is proposed that there should be a curd test at the
same time.

The President: Before we adjourn, I wish to give notice that the in-
coming Board will meet right away, here in this room.

Mr. Horr: Where will we meet next?

90 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. E. A. Powell : I was going to say in regard to that same matter
— where shall we meet ? We have had here one of the most interesting
and one of the best-attended meetings that we have had for years, and I
think there is only one New York. New York is a splendid place ; there-
fore I move that the next annual meeting be held at this place.

Mr. Liggett: I second that.

Mr. Horr: One moment. We have come willingly from the west this
time, but I don't believe that the western men will be quite so willing
next time.

Mr. Liggett: Yes, they will.

Mr. Horr: I have been congratulating myself that I was going home
at ten o'clock — going to leave this city with its many temptations. I move
that the next annual meeting be held in Syracuse.

Motion seconded.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: My friend, Mr. Powell, lives in Syracuse, and that
is why he favors that place. If it is in order, I would renew the original
motion. I have conversed with a great many gentlemen here, to-day, and
the universal expression seems to be — even if Mr. Powell is a resident of
Syracuse — that New York City is the place to hold these meetings ; it is
accessible, and as much so as any place we can go; a great many want to
come to New York once a year. The state of New York has the largest
membership. I hope that the amendment will be voted down.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I move, as an amendment to the amendment, that
the next meeting be held in the city of New York.

Motion seconded.

The President: Gentlemen, you have heard the motion, that the
next annual meeting be held in New York. Those in favor will please say
aye; contrary, nay.

Motion carried.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I have been requested to bring up the time of
meeting. I have no particular feeling about it myself, but I have always
understood that this time was rather a bad time to hold these meetings.
While I have no feeling in the matter, still I have been requested to bring
this matter before the meeting.

Mr. E. A. Powell: It is fixed by the charter.

Mr. G. D. Wheeler: The last vote in regard to place of meeting was
taken on the amendment, but we have not passed the original motion yet.

The President: I supposed it was pretty well settled by the vote.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Mr. Chairman, I move that a committee of three
citizens of New York be appointed to prepare a modification of our char-

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 91

ter, so that we can have the annual meeting at any time during the months
of February and March that may be fixed by the chair — even any time
during the year. I don't care whether it is the first of May or the first of
February. I wouldn't want it changed simply to suit us, but we are greatly
inconvenienced. If you are inconvenienced as we are, I think the time
should be changed, even if we have to get our charter amended.

The Secretary: Mr. President, the charter reads in this way:
" Said offiers shall be elected by ballot from and by its members at its first
meeting, and thereafter at its annual meeting, to be held on the third
Wednesday of March of each and every year, in the city of Buffalo, at its
place of business, or other convenient time and place fixed by the by-laws
and duly designated by the Secretary in his notice by mail to members of
such meeting."

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I would like 1o ask another question while I am
on my feet. Do the hotel proprietors charge for the use of the room here ?

The Secretary: They do not.

Mr. Liggett : I move that a vote of thanks be extended to the pro-
prietors of the hotel for their kindness in furnishing us with acommoda-
tions.

Motion seconded and carried.

Mr. E. A. Powell: There is one more matter that I want to speak of.
It is very seldom that you can get the men present at our meetings that
are here now. It is the fact that Holstein men are noted for their silence.
They make large records; have remarkable cows; make large butter yields,
but the public never know anything about it; I have noticed in some of
the leading agricultural papers, which I presume are read all over, for in-
stance: Country Gentlemen, Rural New Yorker, and Breeders1 Gazette. I
know that they are read. Yet you will see a dozen records of Jersey cows
to one of this breed, because this breed of cattle usually belong to men who
are busy. There isn't any greater service that we can do for the benefit of
this breed of cattle and for the benefit of the community, than to let the
people know about it. Any cow that will make fifteen pounds of butter in
a week ought to be reported, so that the community may know what is
being done and what can be done. I feel anxious, and will urge that from
this time forth every member of the Association take special pains to test
the cows and have their records published. The Holstein Register has urged
everybody to send every item of news of that character, and it hasn't been
done, as it should be. I know of several cows that have made from twenty
to twenty-one pounds of butter in a week, and have never appeared in
print at all. This is neglect on our part.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I wish to state, Mr. chairman, that so far as
making butter is concerned, I never have made any except for a short time.
I have just started testing my cows for butter. I have tested one cow; she

92 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [Ma.rch,

closed a seven days' test last week. Before she was five years old she made
twenty-nine pounds of butter in seven days. That cow is five years old
to-day; I expect to do better with her.

Dr. E. P. Miller: It seems to me that this Association ought to do
something to facilitate the process of making these records of the cows,
both butter and milk. There are a great many persons who are beginning
new in the Holstein breed, and they do not know how to keep these
records, and this is true, particularly of a great many farmers. I believe
that if the general dairymen of this country were to keep a record of the
milk and butter that their cows give it would not be a great while before
there would be a great increase in the demand for Holstein cattle, because
they would find that the cows they were keeping did not actually pay for
their keeping. I think that the evidences which have been brought forward
show that a great many cows in this state do not pay for their keeping.
Now, if this Association would get up blanks and give directions about how
it is done, especially those who have had experience, it would encourage
beginners in the field to keep these records. They would be doing a great
deal for the Association, and Holstein cattle in particular.

Mr. Horr: It seems to me that we have consumed all the time we can ,
in justice to the new Board. They want to leave on the ten o'clock train
to-night, and we are giving them limited time to transact the business be-
fore them. I therefore move to adjourn.

Motion seconded.

The President : Gentlemen, you have heard the motion to adjourn;
those in favor please say aye; opposed, nay.

Motion carried.

The meeting thereupon adjourned.

MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS

OF THE

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

Held at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, N. Y.,
March 19th, 1889.

Roll call showed the followiDg members to be present: Messrs. M. L.
Sweet, W. M. Liggett, Edgar Huidekoper, F. L. Houghton, W. Brown
Smith, D. H. Burrell, W. G. Powell, T. G. Yeomans, W. M. Singerly, S.
Hoxie, C. E. Payne, and Thomas B. Wales.

The President, M. L. Sweet, presided.

The following gentlemen were admitted to membership:

George B. Polhemtjs, Coyote, California.

Samuel McIntyre, Salt Lake City, Utah.

F. P. GRACEY, Clarksville, Tennessee.

W. J. Hayes, Ravenna, Ohio.

T. G. Ferguson, . . • Stella, Nebraska.

John Huntington, Cleveland, Ohio.

J. L. Whitworth, Nashville, Tennessee.

J. M. Ham, Washington Hollow, New York.

E. P. Miller, New York, New York.

W. E. Hughes, Dallas, Texas

C. H. Vandevort, Amity, New York.

It was moved by Mr. W. M. Singerly that a meeting of the Inspectors
of Advanced Registry be authorized, for comparing methods of examination
and securing uniformity of work; that the necessary expenses of such
meeting and the traveling expenses of the members be paid by the Associa-
tion, but that no payment be made for time. They are also to revise the
scale of points, and to formulate amendments to the rules of advanced
registry, all of which are to be submitted by the Superintendent, by letter,
to each member of the Board of Officers.

Motion seconded.

Mr. W. Brown Smith offered, as an amendment to Mr. Singerly's motion,
that the Superintendent be authorized to call such meeting at such time
and place as he deemed best, and to invite such Inspectors as he pleased.

94 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March

Amendment accepted, and motion carried.

It was voted to allow the request of Dr. E. P. Miller to change the
name of the bull " Milla's Netherland " to "Pietertje 3d's Netherland,"
and re-register the animal for the usual fee; also to change the name of the
cow "Young Zanke " to " Piersma 3d," provided it does not conflict with
the by-laws, the animal to be re-registered for the usual fee.

The application for the registry of an imported animal tracing to colored
ancestry was rejected.

The application for the refunding of transfer fees which had been paid
under protest was refused.

The request of the University of Tennessee for a set of Herd-Books was
granted, and books ordered sent free of charge ; also set of Advance Beg-
istry.

The salaries of all officers were paid for the ensuing year at same rate
as for the past year.

A set of Herd-Books was also voted to the Agricultural College of Min-
nesota.

Mr. S. Burchard, who had been appointed to select six calves for the New
York Experiment Station, at Geneva, submitted his report, which, on
motion, was referred to a committee of three, which committee was to re-
port to an adjourned meeting of the Board. The chair appointed Messrs.
Horr, Liggett, and Burrell.

It was moved and carried that the subject of the registration of bulls
be next considered.

Mr. Smith introduced a suggestion for the consideration of the commit-
tee appointed at the last annual meeting of the Association (which com-
mittee was the Board of Officers), as follows: " That the Association charge
a registry fee of $5.00 for each bull recorded in the Herd-Book; and also,
that the Association offer a premium of $5.00 for each male calf killed or
castrated, payable upon proper proof."

Many other plans were suggested, but the above proved to be the most
acceptable, and it was agreed to recommend to the Association that the
registry fee for bulls be $5.00; that the Association agree to pay $5.00 for
each and every male calf slaughtered or castrated while in good health,
between the age of five to forty days, upon proper proof furnished to the
Secretary, which must include the affidavit of the owner.

Adjourned at 6 o'clock to meet at 8:30 A. M., Wednesday, March 20th,

1889.

Thomas B. Wales,

Secretary.

ADJOURNED MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS.

Held March 20th, 1889, at 8:30 a. m.

Present : Messrs. Sweet, Powell, Huidekoper, Yeomans, Payne, Hough-
ton, Hoxie, Wales.

It was moved by Mr. Huidekoper that further consideration of the
question of the registration of bulls be laid on the table, which motion
was seconded and carried.

The committee appointed to consider the report of Mr. S. Burchard on
calves for the New York Experiment Station reported as follows: " That
after talking with the owners of said calves selected and approved by S.
Burchard, it is recommended that the Association accept and pay for the
animals at prices set forth in Mr. Burchard's report."

It was moved and seconded that the report of the committee be accepted,
and that the calves be received and paid for.

Thomas B. Wales,

Secretary.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

Held at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, N. Y.,
March 20th, 1889.

The members present were: Messrs. Huidekoper, Wheeler, Frye, Bur-
rell, Horr, Payne, Sweet, Powell, Yeomans, Smith, Hoxie, and Wales.
President Huidekoper was in the chair.

The following persons were admitted to membership:

Hortense Dudley, Oakville, Kentucky.

William H. Bent, Cochituate, Massachusetts.

Isaac Damon, Cochituate, Massachusetts.

Joseph J. Maktin, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Messrs. James Neilson and H. D. Warner, the committee appointed to
select cows for the New Jersey Experiment Station, reported progress, and
requested to be allowed to lease animals, instead of purchasing, if it was
found by them to be desirable. This request was granted, and the sum of
$1,500.00 was voted the committee, to be used for the purchase or lease, as
seemed most desirable.

The subject of arranging the special premiums for the present year was
discussed, and referred to a committee of five, to consist of the President
and Secretary and three other members of the Board, to be named by the
President. The committee to meet at the call of the Secretary.

The matter of assisting the circulation of the Holstein-Friesian Register,
referred by the Association to the Board, was next taken up, and after
thorough consideration, on motion of Mr. Horr, the chair appointed a
committee consisting of Messrs. Horr, Burrell, and Powell to consult
with the editor of said journal.

The committee agreed upon the following report, which was adopted by
the Board :

Your committee would recommend the acceptance of Mr. F. L. Hough-
ton's, proposition to mail a copy of the Holstein-Friesian Register for one
year to as many subscribers as are furnished by the Association in the fol-
lowing manner, to-wit:

7

98 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Each member of the Association to he asked in a circular-letter, to he
issued by the Secretary, to forward to Mr. Houghton the names of twenty -
our persons to whom the member wishes the Register sent for a period of
three months; Mr. Houghton to divide this list into four sets of six names
each, and to mail copies of his paper to each member of each set for a
period of three months. The Association are to pay Mr. Houghton for
each copy furnished for an entire year the sum of eighty cents. Mr.
Houghton is to forward all letters and the lists to the Secretary, accom-
panied by a certificate of the number of papers furnished, and the Secre-
tary is to give Mr. Houghton, at the end of each quarter, an order upon the
Treasurer of the Association for one-fourth of the money due him for
papers furnished under this arrangement.

Respectfully submitted,

C. W. Hoke, Chairman.

Mr. Hoxie was appointed a committee to inspect a steer calf offered by
Mr. Burchard for the New York Experiment Station, with authority to
purchase same for as little money as possible, but in any event not to ex-
ceed $100.00.

The Inspectors of the Advanced Registry were then elected as follows:

O. P. Chapman Wellington, Ohio.

S. Btjrchard, Hamilton, New York.

S. N. Weight, Elgin, 111.

H. B. Daggett, Hampton, Iowa.

J. L. Stone, Waverly, Pennsylvania.

A.,E. Sturtevant, Springboro, Pennsylvania.

Carey E. Smith, Santa Ana, California.

A. Bradley, Lee, Massachusetts. .

J. C. Poor, North Andover, Massachusetts.

H. D. Warner, Lanesville, Connecticut.

W. A. Rowley, Mt. Clemens, Michigan.

T. N. FiGUERS, Spring Hill, Tennessee.

J. E. Beuchler, Leesburg, Virginia.

The Board then adjourned.

Thomas B. Wales,

Secretary.

CHAPTER 333.

AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION
OF AMERICA.

Passed May 25, 1885 ; three-fifths being present.

The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and
Assembly, do enact as follows:

Section i. Theron G. Yeomans, William M. Singerly, Wil-
liam C. Bray ton, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Gerrit S. Miller,
Frederick C. Stevens, Wing R. Smith, J. D. Guthrie, Fred-
erick L,. Houghton, Francis W. Patterson, Wayne MacVeagh,
G. M. Emrick, George F. Jackson, H. H. Hatch, William H.
Hemingway, Daniel D. Durnall, Irwin L,angworthy, John B.
Tuckerman, Charles R. Payne, Robert Burch, E. R. Phillips,
Solomon Hoxie, and all other members of the present ' ' Holstein
Breeders Association of America," and "The Dutch-Friesian
Herd-Book Association of America," and all other persons at
any time hereafter duly associated as provided by the By-L,aws
with or succeeding them, under and for the purposes of this
Charter and Act of Incorporation are hereby organized and con-
stituted a body corporate, and are a corporation under and by
the name of the " Holstein- Friesian Association of America,"
for the purpose of improving the breed of Holstein-Friesian
cattle ; ascertaining, preserving, and disseminating, as provided
by its By-Eaws, all useful information and facts as to their ped-
igrees and desirable qualities, and the distinguishing charac-
teristics of the best specimens, and preparing, publishing, and
supplying all necessary volumes of the Holstein-Friesian Herd-
Book; and generally for promoting and securing the best
interest of the importers, breeders, and owners of said cattle,
and thereby the public generally; and for the purposes and to
attain the objects aforesaid, said corporation is hereby given all

100 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,.

necessary power, authority, and rights, including the powers,
and subject to the liabilities prescribed by title three, chapter
eighteen, part one of the Revised Statutes.

Sec. 2. The officers of said association shall be a President
and four Vice-Presidents — to be designated as first, second,
third, and fourth; one Secretary and Editor, six Directors, and
such other officers as may be provided for by the By-Laws of
this association; and said officers shall respectively perform
the duties imposed upon them by the By-Laws. Said officers
shall be elected by ballot from and by its members at its first
meeting, and thereafter at its annual meeting, to be held on
the third Wednesday of March of each and every year, in the
city of Buffalo, at its place of business, or other convenient time
and place fixed by the By-Laws and duly designated by the
Secretary in his notice by mail to members of such meeting.

Sec. 3. Said corporation shall issue its certificate of mem-
bership, signed by its President and Secretary, and sealed with
its corporate seal, to each of its lawful members; which certifi-
cate shall not be transferable, and shall be evidence of mem-
bership, and shall entitle its owner, while a member in good
standing, to vote personally or by proxy at its meetings, and
to all the privileges and advantages of such membership. But
said corporation may cancel any certificate and forfeit and
terminate any membership, and all rights and privileges arising
therefrom, for his wilful disobedience or evasion of its B}T-Laws
or other rules and regulations, and for any wrongs committed
by him against said corporation or its property, interests, or
rights; which forfeiture and eviction shall be cumulative to any
other legal remedy said corporation may have against such
evicted member.

Sec. 4. Said corporation may hold such other meetings in
addition to said annual meeting, and said annual meetings may
be held at such other places than Buffalo, as provided by its
By-Laws.

Sec. 5. The By-Laws of said corporation shall be made
and adopted by a majority of its members voting personally
or by proxy at the first regular meeting held under the pro-

71889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 101

visions of this act. Said By-L,aws may be altered, amended, or
repealed at any annual meeting by a like vote of its members.

Sec. 6. At the first regular meeting of said corporation, its
members shall agree upon and adopt its corporate seal.

Sec. 7. All property, rights, and interests of said " Holstein
Breeders Association of America," and "The Dutch-Friesian
Herd-Book Association of America," of every name or nature,
shall, by virtue of this act, vest in and become the property of
this corporation.

Sec. 8. No debts or pecuniary obligations shall be incurred
hy this corporation except duly authorized by a previous two-
thirds vote of all its members.

Sec. 9. Upon the organization of this association, and elec-
tion of its officers in pursuance of this act, the associations
formed under chapters four hundred and forty-seven of the
laws of 1880 and two hundred and seven of the laws of 1882
.shall cease to exist.

Sec. 10. This act shall take effect immediately.

State of New York,
'Office of the Secretary of State, j

I have compared the preceding with the original law on file
in this office, and do hereby certify that the same is a correct
transcript therefrom, and of the whole of said original law.

Joseph B. Carr,

Secretary of State.

BIT-LAWS

§ma*

Adopted at its first meeting, held at Buffalo, New York,

May 26th. 1885.

Amended March 20th, 1889.

Jlrticle 1.

OF MEMBERSHIP.

Section i. Any person of good character who is a citizen of
North America, interested in the breeding of Holstein-Friesian
cattle, and the owner of such, may apply for membership in this
corporation by filing a written or printed application, in such
form as the Board of Officers may prescribe, with the Secretary,
with the membership fee of one hundred dollars. The form of
application for membership shall give the applicant's name in
full, his residence and post-office address, and such other
particulars as the Board of Officers may require.

Sec. 2. Every application for membership shall be submit-
ted to the consideration of the Board of Officers, and if in their
judgment the applicant is eligible for membership, and ought
to be admitted as a member of this corporation, and a unani-
mous vote of the Board of Officers present to that effect is
passed, his name shall be entered on the records as a member,
and the Secretary shall issue a certificate of membership.

Sec. 3. Any member of the corporation may at any time
withdraw and terminate his membership by returning his cer-
tificate of membership to the Secretary, with a letter expressing
his wish and intention to terminate his membership.

104 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Sec. 4. Any member of this corporation who shall be found
guilty of any misrepresentation, deception, or fraud in relation
to the registry of animals in the Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book
shall forfeit his membership in the corporation.

Sec. 5. Kach member of the corporation shall be entitled
to one copy of each volume of the Herd-Book published after
his admission, which shall be forwarded to his address as soon
as convenient after its publication.

Jivticle 2.

OF THE OFFICERS.

Section i. The officers of this corporation shall consist of
a President and four Vice-Presidents — to be designated as first,
second, third, and fourth; one Secretary and Editor, one Treas-
urer, six Directors, and one Superintendent of Advanced Regis-
try, who shall constitute the Board of Officers of this corporation.
There shall be three Directors elected at the first meeting for
the term of one year, and three for the term of two years.
Thereafter, at each annual meeting, there shall be elected three
Directors to serve for the term of two years. In the event of
the death or resignation of the Secretary or Treasurer, the
Board of Officers shall have power to fill such vacancies until
the next general election. The Board of Officers shall appoint
Inspectors of Imported Cattle, with power to remove for
cause and to fill vacancies.

Sec. 2. The Board of Officers of this corporation, as a Board,
shall have and take the entire control and management of its
affairs and business, with full power and authority to do what
they deem proper and best for its interest, but nothing con-
trary to the expressed wish of the Association; and they shall
have no authority to contract a debt against the corporation
beyond its current expenses — and in no case, beyond the
amount of cash in the treasury. And nothing shall be done
which is not in accordance with the purpose and spirit of the
Charter and By-Daws; but shall in all cases execute every
expressed will of the Association as expressed at any regular
meeting.

1889.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 105

Sec. 3. At any meeting of the Board of Officers which is
duly called, a majority of its members shall constitute a quorum
for business.

Sec. 4. A legal meeting of the Board of Officers of this cor-
poration may be held at any time and place when and where
all the members of the Board are present together and agree
to hold a meeting, and all votes and acts done at such meeting
shall have the same validit}^ and effect as they could have if
passed and done at a regularly called meeting.

Sec. 5. A meeting of the Board of Officers shall be held
on the day of the annual meeting of the members, and a meet-
ing may be called by the President or Secretary, or by a majority
of the Directors, when in his or their judgment the affairs or
business of the corporation make it necessar}^ for the Board
of Officers to hold a meeting.

Sec. 6. Notice calling special meetings of the Board of
Officers shall be given by the person calling the meeting, in
writing, setting forth the date and place of meeting, and the
purpose or purposes for which the meeting is to be held; and
no other business than that specified in the notice shall be acted
on, unless all the members of the Board of Officers are present.

Sec. 7. Members of the Board of Officers cannot vote by
proxy at meetings of the Board, but any member of the Board
who cannot attend a duly called meeting may address a letter
to the Board of Officers, in which he may discuss the purpose or
purposes for which the meeting is called, and state how he will
vote on the question or questions which may come before the
meeting under the notice, and such letter and such votes shall
be read in the meeting, and the votes shall be counted and
have the same effect as they would if the member was person-
ally present and voted.

Sec 8. All notices or calls for meetings of the Board of
Officers shall be recorded at length in the record-book of the
corporation, and the substance of all letters from members of
the Board containing votes on matters set forth in the notice
calling the meeting shall also be recorded, and such letters
shall be kept on file, and all proceedings had and votes passed

106 ANNUAL MEETING CF THE [March,.

at meetings of the Board of Officers shall be fully set forth
and recorded in the record-book.

Sec. 9. The President shall preside at all meetings of the
members of the corporation, and all meetings of the Board of
Officers, when he is present; and when he is absent or unable
to perform the duties of the office, a Vice-President shall act
in his stead. The President shall sign all certificates of mem-
bership which may be issued.

Sec. 10. The Treasurer shall be the custodian of cash funds
and securities belonging to the corporation, and shall deposit,
invest, or otherwise dispose of the same as the Board of Officers
may direct. He shall give a bond with sureties to the satis-
faction of the Board of Officers.

Sec. 11. The Secretary shall be the corresponding and
recording officer of the corporation, and shall receive and at-
tend to and dispose of, as the Charter and By-L,aws require, all
applications for membership in the corporation, all applications,
for registry of animals in the Herd-Book, and all applications for
transfer-registry of animals in the Herd-Book; and shall sign
and issue all certificates of membership and registry, and of
transfer-registry; and shall keep a record of all such certificates,
issued. He is authorized to expend such sums as he may find
necessary for the carrying on of the business of the associa-
tion.

Sec. 12. He shall edit and publish the Herd-Book at such
times and in such form as the Board of Officers may direct.

Sec. 13. He shall issue notices of the time and place of the
annual meeting of the corporation, and of special meetings
which the Board of Officers may order to be called; but no
amendments to the Charter or By-L-aws shall be made at any
meeting, either annual or special, unless thirty days notice of
the substance of such proposed amendments has been given
by the Secretary in the call for such meeting.

Sec. 14. He shall issue notices of meetings of the Board
of Officers when requested to do so by the President or by a
majority of the Directors.

188g ] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 107

Sec. 15. He shall record all notices of meetings in the
record-book of the corporation, and certify therein that they
were issued and sent in accordance with the provisions of the
By-Laws.

Sec. 16. He shall keep full and accurate records of all the
meetings of the corporation, and of the Board of Officers, at
which he is present; and when he is absent, a Secretary pro
tempore shall be chosen to attend to and perform the duties of
the Secretary.

Sec. 17. He shall keep an accurate account in detail of all
moneys received and paid out by him in the performance of
his duties, a copy of which he shall transmit to the Treasurer
once in each quarter year — during the first month of the quar-
ter. And shall give a bond satisfactory to the Board of Officers.

Sec. 18. The Board of Officers shall hereafter, at their last
meeting prior to the annual election of officers, fix the salaries
of all salaried officers for the next ensuing year.

Sec. 19. The Board of Officers shall take cognizance of
any and all specific charges made under oath and presented to
them in writing against any member of this corporation, for
violation of his obligation to this corporation or to any of its
members, and shall appoint a committee of two members of
the corporation, which said committee shall notify the alleged
offending member, at his last known place of residence, of the
specific charges fully set forth in writing, and designate a place
and day when and where he may have a hearing before said
committee, who shall hear the parties and take proof relevant
to the charges, in writing and under oath, and report the same
in full, with their opinion of the matter, in writing, to the Board
of Officers. All notices of such hearing shall be given to the
alleged offending members not less than sixty days before the
time set for such hearings. In case of a wilful failure of the
alleged offending member to appear and answer the charges
made, at the time and place named, the Board of Officers shall
be hereby empowered to act the same as though said charges
were true, and take such measure in regard to the same as
they may deem proper and advisable under the Charter.

108 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Sec. 20. The accusers and accused shall then, if they desire
it, be heard before the Board of Officers, or a majority of them;
and after such hearing, or opportunity afforded by the Board
to the parties to have such hearing, they shall determine whether
the charges made have been proved, and if so, whether the
accused ought to forfeit his membership in the corporation, and
take such action in the matter as they may deem advisable.

Jlvticle 3.

OF MEETINGS.

Section i. Notice of all meetings of the corporation and
of the Board of Officers shall be mailed at least fourteen days
before the time named for the meeting.

Sec. 2. All notices of meetings shall be served by sending
a written or printed copy by mail to the post-office address of
each member entitled to such notice, and shall fully set forth
the matters to be acted on at such meeting.

Sec. 3. If the Board of Officers deem it advisable to hold
the annual meeting, or any special meeting of the corporation,
or any meeting of the Board of Officers, at any other place than
Buffalo, N. Y., and so order, the Secretary shall make the no-
tices calling the meeting in accordance with the order of the
Board.

Sec. 4. Special meetings of the members of the corporation
shall be called when a majority of the members of the Board
of Officers join in a request or direction to the Secretary to call
such meeting.

Sec. 5. The traveling expenses of the Board of Officers,
when called together for the transaction of business of the asso-
ciation, shall be paid out of the funds of the association.

Sec. 6. One-third of all the members of the corporation shall
constitute a quorum for business at the annual meeting and at
any special meeting duly called.

18S9-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 109

Jlrttcle 4.

OF THE HERD-BOOK.

Section i. This corporation shall publish the Holstein-
Friesian Herd-Book.

Sec. 2. Each volume of the Holstein-Friesian Herd-Book
shall contain the Charter and By-L,aws, and a list of members
of the corporation, the record of the proceedings at all meetings
held since the publication of the last volume of the Herd-Book,
the reports of the officers, and any other matter of general in-
terest which the Board of Directors may deem advisable to
publish, and an accurate registry of all the animals accepted for
registry in it, which shall be divided into two parts, one part
containing the registry of bulls, and the other the registry of
cows. Such registry shall set forth the number, the name, the
date of birth, the name and residence of the breeder and owner,
and if imported, the name of the importer, the markings of the
animal sufficient for its identification, and the names and num-
bers of both sire and dam in the Herd-Book. It shall contain
the record of pedigrees, but no plates, engravings, or publica-
tion of any records of animals. The price to be charged for
each volume of the Herd-Book to non-members of this Asso-
ciation shall be its cost price with postage or expressage added.

Sec. 3. In the Herd-Book there shall be registered only
such animals as are determined under the rules and regulations
of this corporation to be " pure bred' '

Sec. 4. Pure bred Holstein-Friesian shall be held to
mean and refer to only those large, improved black and white
cattle already registered in the Holstein and Dutch-Friesian
Herd-Books, and such as are descended from them in direct
line, both as to sire and dam, and such imported animals, or
their descendants, as are registered in the Netherlands, Friesian,
or North Holland Herd-Books, proved by the affirmation of the
breeder of the animal satisfactory to the Inspector.

SEC. 5. American-bred animals shall only be registered in
the Herd-Book upon application made upon forms furnished
by the corporation, and the payment of a fee of fifty cents for
the registry of females, and five dollars for the registry of

110 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [Mflreh,

males born after March 20, 1889, by members of the corpora-
tion, and one dollar for the registry of females, and six dollars
for the registry of males born after March 20, 1889, by per-
sons not members, which payment must accompany the appli-
cation; and the sum of five dollars shall be paid by the Asso-
ciation for each American-bred male eligible for registration
born after March 20, 1889, that is killed or castrated while in
good health, after it is five days old and before it is fifty days
old, on application and affidavit of the owner of dam, on forms
furnished by the Secretary and approved by,the Board of Offi-
cers, stating the date of birth, date of same of dam, name of
sire and dam, date of slaughter or castration and by whom
performed. No two animals shall have the same name. Only
direct descendants of an animal shall be entitled to the family
name with numbers prefixed or added, and after the first gen-
eration, the family name only in combination. Males shall
only be entitled to the family name in combination, in which
the family name shall be first. In all combinations, the name of
the sire or dam, in part or in full, may be used as desired by
the applicant. All titles of distinction, nobility, military, or
honorary, and all first or given names not in use as family
names, shall be free for use in combination. No name of an
animal shall be accepted for entry if containing more than
thirty letters, not including the numeral affix.

Sec. 6. Only members of this association may register im-
ported animals. When application for registry of imported
animals is made, the certificate of the breeder of the animal,
made upon forms furnished by this corporation, is required.

Sec. 7. Animals must be transferred to owners before their
offspring are registered.

Sbc. 8. Application for registry of imported animals shall
be made to the Secretary, and by him referred to the Inspector,
who shall visit and separately examine each imported animal
proposed for registry, and the certificate of the breeder relating
to such animal; and the Inspector shall make his report of the
result of such examination in writing on or annexed to the
breeder's certificate. The importer's name to be inserted in
breeder's certificate before shipment ; and after June 10th, until

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. Ill

July ist, 1885, it shall be verified by list from American Consul.
All breeders' certificates must be numbered by the Secretary,
who shall fill in the name and address of importer. The cer-
tificates shall bear the official seal of the association. The
Secretary shall keep a record of the number of certificates and
to whom issued. No imported animal under one year of age
shall be examined or accepted for registry. All imported ani-
mals shall be registered in the name of the importer. The
application for registry of animals imported in dam must be
signed by the importer. All applications for registry of ani-
mals which are not filed with the Secretary within one year
from date of birth or importation shall be charged three
times the usual registry fee. All animals bred in America shall
be registered in the name of the owner, in which case a certifi.
cate of service is required from the owner of the bull, and the
signature of the breeder to the application. No imported animal
shall be eligible to registry in the Herd-Book unless the animal
or its dam and sire are registered in the Netherlands, Friesian,
or North Holland Herd-Books. In recording such imported
animal, if it be recorded in the Netherlands, Friesian, or North
Holland Herd-Books, its name and number shall be spread
upon the records; if not recorded there, its breeding, as it ap-
pears in the Netherlands, Friesian, or North Holland Herd-
Books, with the names and numbers by which its sire and
dam are registered in such Herd-Book, shall be spread upon
the register of this association. Any person applying to
the Secretary for the inspection of imported animals shall
pay to the Secretary of the association five dollars for each
animal to be inspected before such inspection is ordered ; and
after such payment, the Secretary shall be authorized to order
such inspection, the inspection to be made at quarantine or upon
the farm of the importer. The registry fee of each imported
animal shall be twenty dollars. Inspectors shall receive from
the association, as compensation, eight dollars for each day oc-
cupied in inspecting cattle and in going to and from places of
inspection. All necessary and reasonable traveling expenses
.shall be paid by the association. No imported animal shall
be accepted for registration until it has been passed by an

112 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Inspector; and the Inspector shall be instructed that no animal
be accepted for registry in the Herd-Book except those of
superior excellence, that might fairly be ranked as strictly
first-class.

Sec. 9. When an animal is accepted for registry, the Sec-
retary shall issue a certificate of the fact to the owner, giving
the number, and name, and description the animal will take in
the Herd-Book.

Sec. 10. A register of transfer of ownership of any animal
registered in the Herd-Book will be made on application of the
owner; if made by members of the corporation, no charge will
be made, and if made by a non-member the fee for each trans-
fer will be fifty cents, provided the application is made within
ninety days of date of sale; if after that, the charge will be one
dollar for each transfer; a certificate of each transfer will be
made by the Secretary. A charge of fifty cents will be made
for each duplicate certificate of registry or transfer. Extended
pedigrees of registered animals, bearing the seal of the associa-
tion, will be furnished, upon application, for one dollar each.

Sec. 11. Every application for the registry of an animal in
the Herd-Book shall be taken as the guarantee of the owner
that the animal is pure bred, and that all the matters stated
in the application are true. No application for registry or trans-
fer will receive attention unless accompanied with the required
fee.

Sec. 12. If after registry of an animal in the Herd-Book
anything shall be learned which raises a doubt as to the pro-
priety of such registration, the Board of Officers shall cause the
matter to be investigated; and if it shall be found that an animal
has been improperly registered, they shall cause the registry to
be expunged, and take such other steps or measures as the
nature of the case in their judgment may require.

Article 5.

In accordance with the provisions of the Charter, a system
of advanced registry shall be provided for by the Board of
Officers. It shall be under the management of a Superin-

^89] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 113

tendent to be elected by the members of the association, and to
be a member of the Board of Officers. Said registry to be pub-
lished in a separate volume.

JlrttcU 6.

The seal of the corporation shall be a circular-faced die
with the name of the corporation, the date of Charter, and the
head of a Holstein-Friesian animal so cut on the face of it that
the whole can be embossed on paper by pressure, and the
minutes of this meeting shall be sealed with it.

Note. — Firms or corporations whose members or stockholders are not all members
of the Holstein-Friesian Association will be charged full fees. The executor of the
estate of a member may register and transfer animals for members' fees.

PROCEEDINGS

FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING

OF THE

Hoist e:in-Frie:sia.n

Association

OF AMERICA,

HHI.I) AT

New York, N. Y., March 19TH, 1890.

Reports op Meetings op the Board op Oppicers.

Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, Printers, Davenport, Iowa.
189O.

OFFICERS OF THE

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

FOR 1890-91,

President.

DAVID H. BURRELL, Little Falls, N. Y.

First Vice-President, GEORGE D. WHEELER, . . . Deposit, N. Y.

Second Vice-President, WILLIAM M. LIGGETT, . . Benson, Minn.

Third Vice-President, JOHN A. FRYE, Marlboro, Mass.

Fourth Vice-President, JOHN B. DUTCHER, Pawling, N. Y.

Secretary and Editor.
THOMAS B. WALES, Iowa City, Iowa.

Directors.

MARTIN L. SWEET, Grand Rapids, Mich.

C. W. HORR, Wellington, Ohio.

C. R. PAYNE Hamilton, N. Y.

W. G. POWELL Springboro, Penn.

L. T. YEOMANS, Walworth, N. Y.

W. M. SINGERLY, Philadelphia, Penn.

Treasurer.
W. BROWN SMITH, Syracuse, N. Y.

Superintendent of Advanced Registry.
S. HOXIE, Yorkville, N. Y.

Inspectors of Advanced Registry.

S. HOXIE [Superintendent), Yorkville, N. Y.

O. P. CHAPMAN, Wellington, Ohio.

S. BURCHARD, Hamilton, N. Y.

S. N. WRIGHT, Elgin, 111.

J. C. POOR, North Andover, Mass.

CAREY R. SMITH, . . Santa Ana, Cal.

H. B. DAGGETT, Hampton, Iowa.

J. R. BEUCHLER, Leesburg, Va.

J. L. STONE, Waverly, Penn.

A. R. STURTEVANT, Springboro, Penn.

A. BRADLEY, Lee, Mass.

H. D. WARNER, Lanesville, Conn.

\V. A. ROWLEY, Mt. Clemens, Mich.

T. N. FIGUERS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

W. M. LIGGETT, Benson, Minn.

FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING

OF THE

HOLSTEIN-FRTMAN ASSOCIATION OP AMERICA,

Held at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, N. Y.,
March 19th, 1890.

The President: Gentlemen, it is time for us to come to order. The
chair requests that any member addressing the meeting will be particular
to give his name, so that the Secretary may know who speaks, in order to
give full credit in the report of our proceedings. The first order of business
will be the calling of the roll. Members will please answer to their names
as called, and also answer to the names of those members for whom they
hold proxies.

The Secretary then called the roll. Forty-three answered present, and
one hundred and eighty-six were represented by proxies. Those who were
present were:

Bent, William H., Cochituate, Massachusetts.

Beuchlee, J. R., Leesburg, Virginia.

Bidwell, M. S., Monterey, Massachusetts.

Burchard, Sylvester, Hamilton, New York.

Burrell, David H., Little Falls, New York.

Damon, Isaac, Cochituate, Massachusetts.

Dutcher, J. B., Pawling, New York.

Dutcher, J. G., Pawling, New York.

Frye, John A., Marlboro, Massachusetts.

Gregory, N. B. , Unadilla, New York.

Ham, J. M., Washington Hollow, New York.

Haviland, Joseph, Glen's Falls, New York.

Hinckley, D. J., Brookfield, New York.

Houghton, F. L., Putney, Vermont.

Hoxie, S Yorkville, New York.

Hoxie, S. L., Leonardsville, New York. '

Htjidekoper, Edgar, Meadville, Pennsylvania.

Keyes, H. W., Newbury, Vermont.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE - [March,

Langworthy, Hollum, .... . West Edmeston, New York.

Miller, Dudley, Oswego, New York.

Miller, E. P., New York, New York.

Neilson, James, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Osterhout, Stanton, Cobleskill, New York.

Payne, C. R., Hamilton, New York.

Potter, O. B., New York, New York.

Powell, E. A., Syracuse, New York.

Powell, W. G., Springboro, Pennsylvania.

Robinson, Charles, Barre Plains, Massachusetts.

Rumsey, C. E., Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.

Smith, W. Brown, Syracuse, New York.

Smith, W. J. , Syracuse, New York.

Sweet, Martin L. , Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Sweezey, C. F., Marion, New York.

Taft, E. P., Providence, Rhode Island.

Wales, Thomas B., Iowa City, Iowa.

Warner, H. D., Lanesville, Connecticut.

Warner, H. O., New Milford, Connecticut.

Wells, George L , Wethersfield, Connecticut.

Wheeler, G. D., Deposit, New York.

Williams, George S., Fitchburg, Massachusetts.

Wright, S. N., South Elgin, Illinois.

Yeomans, L. T., Walworth, New York.

Yeomans, T. G., Walworth, New York.

The President : Is there any gentleman here whose name has not
been called ? There is a quorum present. The minutes of the last meet-
ing have been printed, and unless there are objections we will dispense with
the reading of them, and they will stand approved. There being no objec-
tions, they are approved.

The next business in order is the consideration of the proxies. Unless
there is some motion, the chair will appoint a committee to examine the
proxies. The chair will appoint as such committee, H. Langworthy, D. H.
Burrell, and C. F. Sweezey. Gentlemen having proxies will please give
them to that committee, that they may examine them. The President's
annual address is next in order, and that I will read :

PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

Members of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America. Gentlemen: —
It gives me pleasure to meet the members who have heretofore attended
our annual meeting, and in your behalf it gives me pleasure to welcome
those who are among us for the first time.

1890.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

The number of members of our Association when it was chartered, in
1885, was 284. Since then there has been an increase averaging about
fourteen per year. To-day we have 352 members.

During the year 1889 one bull and thirty-four cows were imported from
Holland. Since we last met a herd consisting of one bull, one steer, and
four females has been furnished by us to the New York Experimental
Station. Three cows have been furnished to the New Jersey Experimental
Station — one was purchased, one was leased for three years, and one was
presented by Senator McPherson.

Gentlemen representing these stations are with us to-day, and will no
doubt be happy to give us information concerning them.

Our committee appointed to offer premiums met at Cleveland and
offered premiums as reported in the circular issued by our Secretary. In
compliance therewith the Secretary has paid $4,365.00. The result is a
grand showing of butter and milk cows and creditable herds in public com-
petition.

At home many cows have attained a high place of honor. We have
met the enemy, and defeated him in almost every point. Our Association
is to be congratulated upon its victory. While our cows have taken the
foremost place in the world as dairy cows, we must not be satisfied to rest
here. With watchful care, intelligence, activity, and perseverance on our
part, there is still a higher place to be attained for our wonderful cattle.
We must not only attain it, but must hold it.

We must keep in the procession, and we must, and will, march at the
head, where the music plays.

I congratulate you that our organization is so complete and our
constitution and by-laws so satisfactory that but few amendments are
offered for your consideration here to-day. I may inform you that it has
not been necessary to call the Board of Directors together during the past
year. Our Association business is practically managed by our very efficient
Secretary, and his report for the year covers the ground so thoroughly that
there is little left for the President to mention.

The President takes pleasure in referring you to the reports of the
Secretary, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Advanced Eegistry. They
are full of interesting information, and contain valuable thoughts for your
consideration.

Mr. W. G. Powell : Mr. Secretary, I move that the President's
address be received and published in the minutes.

Mr. E. A. Powell : I second that motion.

( The Secretary put the motion, and the same was carried.)

The President: The next business in order is the report of the Sec-
tary.

Secretary Wales then read his report, as follows:

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

SECRETARY'S REPORT.

Mr. President and Members of the Holstein-Friesian Association : The
year that has just closed certainly has been the red-letter year of our exist-
ence, and no one can possibly feel greater satisfaction than myself in being
able to make such a statement.

Never in the history of Holstein-Friesian cattle have such grand victo-
ries been won — carrying with them, as they do, positive proof to the world
of the great capabilities of our breed — as during the year 1889. The splen-
did showing of the past year is no doubt partly owing to our large
offerings of premiums for herds, as well as for public tests for milk and
butter, which were open to all other dairy breeds. I have included in my
report a statement of these premiums and to whom awarded, wishing them
to go on record.

It is not likely that the National Butter-Test Premium would again
find favor, for the reason that it is quite impossible for the tests to be
uniform. With this possible exception, the result of our offerings have
been most satisfactory. It may be considered an open question, after the
general success we have for years met with in public butter tests with
other breeds, whether any further expenditure in this direction is neces-
sary.

THE SPECIAL PREMIUMS OFFERED BY THE ASSOCIATION AT STATE AND.
OTHER FAIRS AND EXPOSITIONS WERE AWARDED AS FOLLOWS:

Alabama. — Butter-test prize to J. W. Howard, Bonham, Texas, $50.00;
milk-test prize to J. W. Howard, Bonham, Texas, $50.00.

American Fat Stock and Dairy Show, at Chicago, III. — First herd prize to
Stanton Bros., Greenwood, Ind., $150.00; second herd prize to Thomas B.
Wales, Iowa City, Iowa, $75.00; third herd prize to Stevenson Bros., Bul-
ger, Penn., $50.00; first prize, steer two years old, to B. Waddel, Marion,
Ohio, $25.00; first prize, steer one year old, to B. Waddel, Marion, Ohio,
$25.00; second best two-year-old steer, to M. L. Sweet, Grand Rapids, Mich.,
$15.00; second best steer under one year old, to B. Waddel, Marion, Ohio,
$15.00; sweepstakes, Holstein-Friesian, to B. Waddel, Marion, Ohio, $50.00;
first butter-test prize to F. C. Stevens, Attica, N. Y., $50.00; second butter-
test prize to Stevenson Bros., Bulger, Penn., $25.00.

Bay State Fair. — Herd premium to William H. Bent, Cochituate, Mass.,
$100.00.

Buffalo International Exposition. — The following premiums were awarded
to Smiths, Powell & Lamb, Syracuse, N. Y. : First aged herd premium,
$200.00; second young herd premium, $75.00; first for bull and produce,
$200.00; first for bull three years and over, $60.00; first for bull one year
old, $25.00; second for bull one year old, $10.00; second for bull calf, $5.00
sweepstakes, bull, $50.00; second for cow three years old and over, $30.00
first for heifer two years old, $40.00; second for heifer one year old, $10.00
second for heifer calf, $5.00. The following premiums were awarded

1890-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

to F. C. Stevens, Attica, N. Y.: Second best herd, $100.00; best young
herd, $100.00; second best bull and produce, $100.00; Second best bull
three years and over, $30.00; best bull two years old, $40.00; second best
bull two years old, $20.00; best bull calf, $15.00 ; best cow three years and
over, $60.00 ; second best heifer two years old, $20.00 ; best heifer one year
old, $25.00; best heifer calf, $15.00; sweepstakes, female, $50.00.

California. — Herd premium to George B. Polhemus, Coyote, Cal., $50.00.

Georgia. — Butter-test prize toO. A. Bow en, Pendleton, S. C, $50.00; milk-
test prize to O. A. Bowen, Pendleton, S. C, $50.00.

Illinois. — Herd premium to Home Farm Fine Stock Company, Hampton,
Iowa, $100.00.

Iowa. — Herd premium, $100.00, also butter-test prize, $50.00, and milk-
test-prize, $50.00, to Home Farm Fine Stock Company, Hampton, Iowa.

Kansas. — Herd premium, $100.00, also butter-test prize, $50.00, and
milk-test prize, $50.00, to M. E. Moore, Cameron, Mo.

Maine.— Milk-test prize, $50.00, to D. L. Brett, Otisfield, Maine.

Michigan.— Herd prize, $100.00, to T. D. Seeley & Co., Bay City, Mich.

Minnesota. — Herd premium, $100.00, to I. C. Wade, Jamestown, S. D. ;
butter-test prize, $50.00, and milk-test prize, $50.00, to N. J. Leavitt,
Waseca, Minn.

Mississippi. — Butter-test prize, $50.00, and milk-test prize, $50.00, to J.
W. Howard, Bonham, Texas.

Nebraska. — Butter- test prize, $50.00, and milk-test prize, $50.00, to
Home Farm Fine Stock Company, Hampton, Iowa.

New England. — Milk-test prize, $50.00, to Charles Robinson, Barre
Plains, Mass.

New York. — Herd premium, $100.00. to Smiths, Powell & Lamb, Syra-
cuse, N. Y.

Ohio. — Herd premium, $100.00, to Stevenson Bros., Bulger, Penn.;
butter-test prize, $50.00, to W. H. S. Foster, Fostoria, Ohio; milk-test
prize, $50.00, to C. W. Horr, Wellington, Ohio.

Rhode Island. — Herd premium, $50.00, to William H. Bent, Cochituate,
Mass.

South Dakota. — Butter-test prize, $50.00, to I. C. Wade, Jamestown,
S. D.

Texas. — Herd premium, $100.00, to Heuson & Rath bone, Council Grove,
Kas.

Western Michigan Stale Fair. — Herd premium, $100.00, to Martin L.
Sweet, Grand Rapids, Mich.

West Virginia. — Milk-test prize, $50.00, to W. C. Munson, Vienna,
Ohio.

Wisconsin. — Herd premium, $100.00, to H. Rust & Bros., North Green-
field, Wis.

National Sweepstakes Tests. — First for butter-test, gold medal and $100.00,
second for butter-test, $50.00, and first for milk-test, gold medal and
$100.00, to F. C. Stevens, Attica, N. Y.; second for milk-test, $50.00, to
Charles Robinson & Sons, Barre Plains, Mass.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Total amount of premiums awarded to Holstein-Friesian breeders,
$4,365.00.

The jreceipts and expenditures for the fiscal year ending March 1st,
1890, have been as follows:

RECEIPTS.

For membership fees $ 1,500 00

For herd-books 335 94

For registry of imported bulls 20 00

For registry of imported cows 2,040 00

For registry of bulls from members 2,'543 00

For registry of bulls from non-members 5,019 00

For registry of cows from members 1,532 00

For registry of cows from non-members , 4,935 50

For transfers of bulls from members 78 00

For transfers of bulls from non-members 757 50

For transfers of cows from members 148 00

For transfers of cows from non-members 1,482 50

For inspection of imported cattle 195 00

For extended pedigrees 27 00

For duplicate certificates 84 00

From W. Brown Smith, Treasurer, to pay premiums 2,000 00

Balance suspense account 5 00

Total 822,702 44

EXPENDITURES.

For special premiums ($533.00 being for 1888 premiums) $ 4,898 00

For bounties paid for bulls castrated $1,690 00

For bounties paid for bulls slaughtered 1,290 00 2,980 00

For Experimental Station account for cattle furnished New Jersey

Experiment Station 751 98

For expenses of selection committee for New York and New Jerseyl

stations 585 74

For inspection of imported animals

For expense account

For printing account

For clerk hire

For stamp account

For sundry personal accounts, overpaid fees, drafts returned for

endorsement, etc

For Board of Officers

For W. Brown Smith, Treasurer

Due on registry and transfer fees

Total.

1,337 72

264 95

1,490 70

1,525 03

2,854 52

724 81

306 97

636 09

5,615 20

68 45

$22,702 44

An interesting feature shown by the above figures is the amount of
money called for to pay bounties ou slaughtered and castrated bulls. The
$2,980.00 thus paid represents five hundred and ninety-six of probably our
poorest bulls wiped out of existence. If the present plan is continued, I
fully expect another years' crop will count up at least a thousand head.
The paying of bounties by the Association is highly appreciated by breed-
ers everywhere, and I think is one of the wisest moves ever made by a Herd-
Record Association.

1890.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

In close connection with this, is the question of fees charged for the
registry of bulls. It was feared by some that the five dollar fee would
prove a burden to many breeders. Very few complaints have been received.
The greatest have come from breeders in Canada. It is a fact that the
bounty and increased registry fee has been the means of very materially
reducing the number of bulls recorded during the year, as we find but 2,618
have been registered in 1889, against 3,470 in 1888, while in the natural
course of increase, providing all bulls that were entitled to record had been
registered, the number for 1889 must have reached at least 4,000 head.

It seems to me we are now on the right track with the bull business.
Of course we should like to reduce the registry fee if it were possible, and
this question should be carefully considered. Our expenditures show a
large amount of money paid to breeders for special premiums and bounties,
not less than $7,300.00, besides about $3,000.00 for Experiment Stations. If
we cannot afford to be as liberal another year, let us be as liberal as our best
judgment and business principles will allow.

I Since we last met Volume IV. of our Herd-Book has been issued. Volume
V. has been published, the manuscrrpt for Volume VI. is completed and is
now being printed. The plan recently adopted of closing a volume of the
Herd-Book as soon as a sufficient number of pedigrees are received works
well, avoiding the great rush of applications when the date of closing a
volume was advertised. ,

During the year which closed March 1st, 1890, there have been recorded
one imported bull, 2,617 American-bred bulls, 94 imported cows ( of which
only 34 were imported during the year) and 4,323 American-bred cows.
Total number of animals registered, 7,040. Total number of animals
transferred 6,208 — 1985 bulls, and 4,223 cows. 168 duplicate certificates
have been issued ; total number of certificates issued 13,284. The total
number of animals recorded to March 1st, 1890, is 52,385— bulls 20,279;
cows 32,106.

During the year I have been advised of the death of the following mem-
bers : William B. Clark, Hillsdale, Mich.; Elizur Smith, Lee, Mass. ; Dr.
E. A. Teft, Elgin, 111. ; Gen. Wm. S. Tilton, Boston, Mass.

Twelve new members have been admitted, and our membership now
numbers three hundred and fifty-two.

Respectfully submitted,

Thomas B. Wales, Secretary.

The President: Gentlemen, you have heard the report of the Secre-
tary. What is your pleasure ?

Mr. C. W. Horr: I m~ ve that it be accepted, and published in the
minutes.

Mr. W. G. POWELL: I second the motion. Carried.

The President: The next business in order is the report of the Treas-
urer.

10

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

Mr. W. J. Smith:
Treasurer's report:

At the request of the Treasurer, I will read the

TREASURER'S REPORT.

Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Holstein- Friesian Association of Amer-
ica : I herewith present the following report of the receipts and expendi-
tures of the Association for the fiscal year ending with the date of this
meeting:

RECEIPTS.
1889.

March 20. Balance on hand as per last report $29,310 05

June 5. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, as per quarterly

report $ 177 02

July 1. Received interest on deposit, Syracuse Savings Bank 58 80

July 1. Received interest on deposit, Onondaga County Savings

Bank 58 80

July 1. Received interest on deposit, Salt Springs National Bank, 400 00
Sept. 9. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, as per quarterly

report , 1,250 1

Dec. 9. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, as per quarterly

report .'. 1,000 00

1890.

Jan. 1. Received interest on deposit, Syracuse Savings Bank 58 76

Jan. 1. Received interest on deposit, Onondaga County Savings

Bank 58 76

Jan. 1. Received interest on deposit, Salt Springs National Bank, 329 02
March 8. Cash from Thomas B. Wales, Secretary, as per quarterly

report 2,887 97

Total receipts for fiscal year S 6,579.34

$35,889 39

i EXPENDITURES.

1889.

Feb. 23. T. N. Figuers, account of Advanced Registry $ 16 00

April 4. O. P. Chapman, account of Advanced Registry 32 00

April 4. S. Hoxie, account of Advanced Registry 238 94

April 5. Henry Stevens, account Experimental Station 300 00

April 6. S. Burchard, account Experimental Station 50 00

April 6. Dallas B. Whipple, account Experimental Station 200 00

April 11. Smiths, Powell & Lamb, account Experimental Station.. 800 00

April 20. O. P. Chapman, account Advanced Registry 26 70

April 20. H. D. Warner, account Advanced Registry 20 60

April 20. W. A. Rowley, account Advanced Registry 29 22

May 1. Carey R. Smith, account Advanced Registry 57 00

May 8. H. B. Daggett, account Advanced Registry 8131

May 10. J. L. Stone, account Advanced Registry 11 00

May 13. Gerrit S. Miller, account Experimental Station 300 00

July 27. Subscription to Holstein-Friesian Register 255 43

Aug. 3. H. B. Daggett, account Advanced Registry 32 00

Aug. 11. Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, Herd-Book 3,288 00

Aug. 14. H. D. Warner, account Advanced Registry 36 00

Aug. 14. H. D. Warner, account Advanced Registry 32 00

Sept. 4. S. N. Wright, account Advanced Registry 72 00

Sept. 9. Thomas B. Wales, salary six months, to September 1st,

1889 1,250 00

Sept. 30. S. Hoxie, salary six months, to September 20th, 1889 500 00

189°] HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 11

Oct. 4. S. Burchard, account Advanced Registry 48 00

Oct. 7. Thomas B. Wales, for expenses 2,000 00

Oct. 25. Subscription to Holstein-Friesian Register 348 00

Nov. 16. S. N. Wright, account Advanced Registry 64 00

Dec. 9. J. R. Beuchler, account Advanced Registry 33 50

Dec. 20. Egbert, Fidlar, & Chambers, Herd-Book 1,46160

1890.

Jan. 16. A. Bradley, account Advanced Registry 48 39

Feb. 11, S. N. Wright, account Advanced Registry 96 00

Feb. 24. Subscription to Holstein-Friesian Register 735 00

March 8. S. Hoxie, account Advanced Registry 29 78

March 8. Tnomas B. Wales, salary six months, to March 1st, 1890.. 1,250 00

March 12. S. Burchard, account Advanced Registry 56 49

March 17. H. B. Daggett, account Advanced Registry 8 00

March 17. A. R. Sturtevant, account Advanced Registry 50 00

March 19. S. Hoxie, salary six months, to March 19th, 1890 500 00

March 19. W. Brown Smith, salary one year, to September 19th,

1890 250 00

Total expenses for fiscal year. $14,606 96

Balance on hand 21,282 43

$35,889 39
Deposited as follows:

In Syracuse Savings Bank: $ 2,998 80

In Onondaga County Savings Bank 2,998 80

In Salt Springs National Bank 15,284 83

$21,282 43
Repectfully submitted,

W. Brown Smith, Treasurer.

The President: Gentlemen, you have heard the Treasurer's report
read. What is your pleasure concerning it ?

Mr. Martin L. Sweet: I move that it be accepted and placed on file.

Mr. C. W. HoRR: I second the motion.

Carried.

The President: The next business in order is the report of the
Superintendent of Advanced Registry.

Mr. S. HoxiE: Mr. President and gentlemen, I submit the following
report:

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF ADVANCED REGISTRY.

To the President and Members of the Holstein-Friesian Association of
America : During the official year closing with this meeting there has been
an increase of interest in our system of Advanced Registry. The third
volume is now going through the press. The time for receiving entries to
this volume has been extended to the date of this meeting, or until the
printing is advanced beyond the pages devoted to such entry. This volume
will probably show as many entries during the thirteen months that it is
expected to thus cover as were made during the previous two years, or to
the second volume.

12 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The Board of Officers at their last annual meeting authorized the call-
ing of a meeting of the inspectors to revise the rules and scale of points,
and for instruction in the work of inspection. This meeting was held at
Syracuse, New York, on the 10th and 11th of April. The rules and scale
were carefully revised in a conservative manner; only such changes were
made as past experience suggested to increase the efficiency of the original
system. This meeting also devised a method of applying the scale that
promises to revolutionize the ordinary method of judging cattle in contests
for prizes, as well as in the work of this Eegistry. The reason for
every step in the judgment is shown with clearness. It thus has the ad-
vantage of disarming suspicion of partiality. The revised rules and scale
were submitted to the members of the Board of Officers by letter, and
adopted by them without a dissenting voice. Three thousand copies of
the revised scale and four thousand copies of the revised rule, with instruc-
tions to owners and inspectors, were then published, nearly all of which
have been distributed to breeders and others making inquiries.

The steady growth of this system in public estimation thus indicated,
and the absence of criticism, seem to show that its principles are settled,
and that experiments in other associations will finally settle upon the
same general basis. In this fact our Association is to be congratulated as
the pioneer and leader in Advanced Registry.

The receipts and expenditures of my office for the year are as follows,
viz.:

RECEIPTS.

Receipts of registry fees $ 416 00

Receipts for books sold _ 29 67

Receipt of balance on first quarterly report from Treasurer 238 94

$ 684 61

EXPENDITURES.

Balance at last annual meeting $ 366 65

For printing bills rendered ■ 92 11

For stationery (other than in printing bills) 1 40

For express charges 2 25

For traveling expenses 2 80

For postage 42 06

For clerk hire, copying, etc 26 13

For returning over-pay for books 1 50

For returning over-pay for registry fees 11 00

545 90

Balance to credit of Association $ ]38 71

S. Hoxie,
Superintendent Advanced Registry.

The President: What shall be done with this report?

Mr. Stanton Osterhout: I move that it be received and placed on
file.

Mr. George F. Williams: I second the motion.

Carried.

1890-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 13

The President: The next business is the appointment of a commit-
tee to audit the accounts of the Treasurer, the Superintendent of Advanced
Registry, and the Secretary. What is your pleasure about this, gentlemen ?

Mr. C. W. Horr: I suggest that the chair appoint a committee of three.

The President: Do you make that as a motion ?

Mr. C. W. Horr: Yes, sir.

Motion seconded.

The President: Gentlemen, you have heard the motion, that the chair
appoint a committee of three to audit the accounts of the Secretary, the
Treasurer, and the Superintendent of Advanced Registry. All in favor of
the motion will say aye.

Carried.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I ask the President not to appoint me on that com-
mittee, as I have something else to do.

The President: The chair will appoint as that committee, J. B.
Dutcher, L. T. Yeomans, and William H. Bent.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I would suggest, for the relief of any committee
to have such a matter in charge, that I understand it is a laborious task,
and keeps them out of the meeting a good while, and I would therefore
suggest whether it would not be wise to appoint another committee to take
charge of a part of that work. Here are three distinct accounts to be
taken in charge, and I think it is putting more than a reasonable amount
of labor upon one committee to have them do the whole of the work.

The President: Does the gentleman make any motion to that effect?

Mr. C. W. Horr: The accounts are so mixed together, one with an-
other, that they all ought to go through one committee.

The President: No, I think not. I think each of these officers has
the vouchers for his own account.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey: I move that the accounts of the Secretary be re-
ferred to one committee, and those of the Treasurer and the Superintendent
of Advanced Registry be referred to another committee.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I second the motion, with the understanding that
the present committee already appointed take charge of the Secretary's
account.

The President: The question is first on the amendment. Are there
any remarks ? The question, then, is upon the amendment, that the
accounts of the Treasurer and the Superintendent of Advanced Registry be
referred to a committee yet to be appointed, and that the accounts of the

14 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Secretary be referred to the committee already appointed. Those in favor
of that will vote aye.

Carried.

The President : The chair will appoint as the committee to audit
the accounts of the Treasurer and Superintendent of Advanced Registry,
C. E. Ruinsey, Frederick L. Houghton, and E. P. Taft.

Mr. E. P. Taft: I ask the chair to excuse me, as I have to leave shortly.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey: Mr. President, I came five hundred miles to listen
to what is going on in this meeting. My head is full of figures all the rest
of the year, and I would not give up what is going on in this meeting for a
good deal, and I prefer not to serve on any committee.

Mr. F. L. Houghton: I would also ask to be excused from serving on
the committee.

Mr. E. P. Taft: I think these committees should attend these matters
during our recess at lunch time.

Mr. W. J. Smith: It strikes me that this is a piece of business very
annoying to the committee, and I don't see why the trouble cannot be
obviated as Mr. Taft suggests. People have come a great many hun-
dred miles to attend this meeting, and naturally they want to be present
all the time. I would therefore suggest that the committees make their
reports and have them published in our printed proceedings, and that the
Secretary send out those proceedings after the meeting, and that the com-
mittees report at our next meeting. Later in this meeting I propose to
suggest the appointment of a committee of seven, three of whom shall
constitute a quorum, which shall examine the accounts previous to the an-
nual meeting each year, and report at the next annual meeting. In fact, I
will make that motion now.

Mr. S. Burchard: I second that motion.

The President : Gentlemen, you have heard the motion. Are there
any remarks? All in favor of that motion will please say aye.

Carried.

The President: The committees, then, will stand as appointed. Your
attention is next called to the call of the Secretary, who submits proposed
amendments to the by-laws. The Secretary will please read them.

The Secretary: Article IV., Section 5. "So that no affidavit be re-
quired in order to secure the bounty offered by the Association for castrated
or slaughtered bull calves."

Mr. C. W. Horr: I move to lay that suggestion on the table.

Mr. W. H. Bent: I second that motion.

1890.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 15

The President: All in favor of laying the proposed amendment to
the by-laws on the table will vote aye.

Carried.

The President: The Secretary will read the next proposed amend-
ment to the by-laws.

The Secretary: Article IV., Section 5. "So far as it relates to the
amount of bounty to be paid by the Association for bull calves castrated
or slaughtered.

Mr. W. G. Powell : I would move to lay that upon the table, except
that possibly some one might think it was cutting off discussion a little too
short. However, if no one cares to speak on it, I will move to lay it upon
the table.

Mr. C. W. Horr : I second the motion.

The President : Shall this be laid upon the table ?

Carried.

The Secretary : It is proposed to amend any or all by-laws regulat-
ing the fees charged for the registering or transfer of animals. That sub-
ject is before the meeting.

Mr. E. A. Powell : I would ask the Secretary to state what the
different fees are now.

The Secretary : Mr. President, The fee for the registry of bulls, at
present, under one year of age, for members of the Association, is five dollars,
and for non-members six dollars. The fee to register cows under one year
is fifty cents to members of the Association, and one dollar for non-mem-
bers. The transfers are free to members of the Association, provided the
application for transfer is received within ninety days from the date of
sale ; otherwise it is one dollar. The transfer fee for non-members of the
Association is fifty cents, provided the application is received within ninety
days from the date of sale ; otherwise it is one dollar. The registry fee for
imported animals remains as it has been for three years.

Mr. James Neilson : 1 would ask if the Board of Officers have any
recommendation to make in regard to fees ? The report of the Treasurer
showed that the Association has during the past year run behind seven or
eight thousand dollars, reducing its surplus from thirty thousand to a
trifle over twenty thousand dollars.

The Secretary : Mr. President, In reply to the suggestion of Mr.
Neilson, I will say that yesterday the Board of Officers held a meeting, the
minutes of which I have here. There was a resolution passed in regard to
fees: "The Board unanimously agreed to recommend to the Association
that all fees for the registry and transfer of animals in the Herd-Book

16 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March

remain as now called for in our by-laws; also that the bounty for the
slaughter and castration of bull calves remain the same as at present."

Mr. James Neilson : I would like to ask, then, whether the Board
have considered any means for preventing a similar deficit next year?
Because, if that goes on each year it will be rather serious in time. I did
not know anything about the accounts until this moment. I think per-
haps they have some recommendation for preventing so large an outgo
next year. I think something could be done.

Mr. C. W. Horr : I believe the Board] did not cover the gentleman's
point by a formal resolution, but I think by the consent of every member
it was agreed that we would have over twenty thousand dollars income,
and all we had to do in order not to have a deficit was not to spend over
that amount. Last year we spent too much. In the judgment of the Board
we had ample funds. We have been a little extravagant — wisely extrav-
agant, I think. This year we will be wisely economical.

Mr. W. G-. Powell: In other words, you made an investment last year.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Yes, a wise investment.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey: This is not a money-making institution, but an
institution to consider the good of these cattle. That is the way I under-
stand it. I think the money expended last year was well spent. I think
it was a good work. The only question is, shall you raise fees so as to be
able to spend more, or shall you let the fees stand where they are and spend
less ? Those are the two questions to face. I would like to see the money
spent.

The President: Gentlemen, you have heard the Secretary read the
proposed amendment, and the recommendation of the Board of Directors.
What is your pleasure concerning it ?

Mr. W. J. Smith: I would like to ask the Secretary what information
he has.

The President: It is not properly before the house now, as there is
no motion.

Mr. W. J. Smith: Well, this is an informal discussion, as I understand
it, and I want to ask the Secretary what effect the $5.00 registry fee for
bulls has had upon not having bulls registered. Does he think that there
are any number of bulls that have not been registered, or castrated, or killed
because of the fee ?

The Secretary: Yes, sir.

Mr. W. J. Smith: What is the effect of that ?

The Secretary: The effect I cannot tell; but there are many bulls
that have not been registered and are still living.

1890.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 17

Mr. E. A. Powell: I want to ask the Secretary the comparative effect
upon the finances from the fee that we pay for castration and the additional
fee for registry — whether one hand washes the other ?

The Secretary: Yes, sir; there is about $4,000.00 on the credit side.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Isn't it $4,800.00?

The Secretary: Yes, sir; about that.

Mr. C. W. Horr: It was suggested to the Board yesterday that there
would be a pretty free recording of bulls immediately after this meeting.
A good many gentlemen have been waiting, thinking the fee would be re-
duced. Now, we have paid this bounty, and we have between $4,800.00
and $4,900.00 left from the registration of bulls.

Mr. E. A. Powell: It seems to me, as it has been suggested, that last
year we incurred extraordinary expenses from the fact that it was at a time
when it seemed necessary for us to show for our breed of cattle what it was
capable of doing ; we paid out a large amount of money to secure what
we got, and the result was most satisfactory, certainly to all interested in
this breed of cattle ; it seems to me that it will not be necessary this
year to repeat that in order to convince the world that no other breed will
equal this as a butter-producing breed of cows. Therefore we can curtail
our expenses the coming season to correspond to our income, and perhaps
have an accumulation.

Mr. C. W. Horr : Unless there are others who wish to take part in
this informal discussion, I move that the matter be laid upon the table.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey : I second the motion.

The President : Gentlemen, you have heard the motion to lay this
matter upon the table. Are there any farther remarks ? If not, all in
favor will vote aye.

Carried.

The President : We will now hear the committee on proxies.

Mr. H. Lang worthy : Mr. President, and gentlemen: The commit-
tee on proxies report that the following gentleman are entitled to vote^ on
proxies, as follows : Thomas B. Wales, 71 ; W. J. Smith, 57; H. Lang-
worthy, 12 ; S. Burchard 10 ; M. L. Sweet, 10 ; Charles Robinson, 7 ; S.
Hoxie, 4 ; W. G. Powell, 3 ; C. W. Horr, 2 ; T. G. Yeomans, 2 ; C. R. Payne,
2 ; JC. E. Rumsey, 1 ; S. L. Hoxie, 1 ; C. F. Sweezey, 1 ; S. N. Wright, 1 ;
D. J. Hinkley, 1 ; J. R. Beuchler, 1. Total, 186.

Mr. James Neilson: I move that the report of the committee be re-
ceived, and the committee discharged.

Mr. S. Hoxie: I second the motion.

Carried.
2

18 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The President: The next business in order is: "An appropriation
will be asked for Special Premiums for 1890." What is your pleasure
concerning this subject?

Mr. James Neilson : I would like to hear some suggestions in regard
to that. What suggestions have the Board to make in regard to it?

Mr. C. E. Rumsey: Could not this safely be left to the judgment of
the Board, with instructions that it should not reduce its surplus ?

The President: Oh, it could be, undoubtedly ; but the Board always
prefers some expression of opinion from the Association. It is also neces-
sary that any appropriation shall be made by the Association, so that the
Association may give instructions to the Board and make an appropriation
beyond which the Board shall not offer premiums. It is necessary for all
appropriations to be made by the Association.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: Mr. President, I don't know whether the Asso-
ciation would be in favor of appropriating any premiums this year or not.
I think, in view of what we have done last year to convince the world that
our cattle are at the front, it is hardly necessary for us to incur much of an
expenditure this year in the same direction. My own idea would be that
we had better save our money until the World's Fair, in 1892, when we shall
probably have the largest exhibit of live stock ever seen in this country,
and it would be perhaps more important for this Association to save its
money for that fair rather than to be putting it out piece-meal before that
time. My idea would be to reserve our money, and be liberal with our
premiums at that fair.

The President: Are there any further remarks? Last year you
challenged the country to meet you in open competition, and you have
won. Will you challenge again, or will you rest upon your laurels, and
let some one else challenge you ?

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: We have got the belt now. [Laughter].

Mr. W. G. Powell: Unless we have some money left at the discretion
of the Board, we might be challenged with our hands tied, unless we saw
fit to accept otherwise. On that account I would move that one-half of
the amount of last year's premiums be left at the discretion of the Board.

The President: Please name the amount.

Mr. W. G. Powell: It was $4,000.00 last year, and my motion is that
it be $2,000.00 this year.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I second the motion.

Mr. James Neilson: That would not bring us within the surplus yet.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Even if we should spend this $2,000.00, we have
plenty of other places in which to get the balance of the $8,000.00. Then,
if there wasn't, the Board would not have to spend this $2,000.00 if they
did not want to spend it.

1890.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 19

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: My idea would be that if we are challenged, that
we accept that challenge, the duel to occur in the year of the World's Fair.

Mr. W. J. Smith: I think Mr. Yeomans has hit the right key. I
question very seriously whether we have derived a benefit from duplicat-
ing premiums. While it has been a very nice thing for the exhibitors, I
doubt whether it has brought out anything more than the regular pre-
miums where they are shown. While I do not believe in tying the Board
down where they might be embarrassed, yet I think we should express to
them as the sentiment of this meeting, that we should offer no premiums
the coming year, and limit them to $2,000.00 as the extreme limit. I don't
know whether I make myself clear, but I want to put it in such a way
that if any unusual emergency should arrive they shall have the power to
meet it.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: Perhaps the gentleman's idea, then, would be to
amend the motion : That it is the sentiment of this Association that it is
not wise to offer any premiums for butter or milk during the coming year,
but we will appropriate $2,000.00 to be used at the discretion of the Board.

Mr. W. G. Powell: That was my motion.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I add to that motion, that it is the sense of this
Association that it is not wise to expend anything in premiums this year.

Mr. W. G. Powell: I will accept that.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I would give more for $5,000.00 put into premiums
in one year than for $20,000.00 expended in premiums during a series of
many years. If we dribble along a little money each year we do not in-
duce the breeders generally to make an exhibit.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I am sorry to disagree with any gentleman who
has spoken on this subject, but it occurs to me that just at the present
time we are on the tide, and with a little assistance we are floating further
in advance, and there is no time, probably, when a small amount of money
would do as much to settle the question, which in the minds of nearly all
parties is settled now, but which is disputed by some, as at present — to
make something of such a record as we have made the last year. If we
drop out entirely for the year to come it will enable others to come to the
front, and it will require a special effort for us to regain the ground we have
lost. While I am not in favor of spending money as we have for the last
year, yet I would be in favor of leaving that matter in the hands of the
Board, so that under any circumstances that might arise they would feel
justified in meeting the emergency and paying such prices as in their
judgment would be best the coming year. The suggestion of reserving our
forces for the exposition year is, in one sense, a good one ; but then all eyes
will be turned in one direction, and supposing we succeed at that time in
making a very large exhibit, it is only made at one point. This last year
we have met our opponents in all the states, at every large fair, and it is

20 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

the number of prizes in the number of localities that we have won, and
not any one single contest, that has given us the victory. Therefore I
would amend these motions that have been made, and say that this be left
in the hands of the committee to act at their discretion, but to see that
during the coming year the entire expenses shall not exceed the income —
or at least not to any extent.

Mr. C. W. Horr: If Mr. Powell offers that as an amendment, I will
second it. I beg the Association either to trust its Board, or not to trust it.
The resolution first says that we will trust $2,000.00 to the Board, and
then in the next breath it says that they must not spend it. Now I would
do either one thing or the other. I do not believe in individuals spending
more than their income, nor a state, nor this Association, and so far as I
have influence we will not spend more than our income. Now, two years
ago, at the state fair in Ohio, there was only a small display of Holstein
cattle, but last year, owing to the encouragement of this Association, there
was a very large display. I had never attended any of their exhibitions,
but I felt that the Association having made an appropriation to encourage
the exhibit of Holsteins, that I must respond myself, and I knew I should
be ashamed of myself if I didn't go. So I went, and took nearly twenty
head of cattle with me, but I did not get all of the prizes ; I went there
with a bull that I thought could beat anybody else's in the state, but I
found there were half a dozen other fellows there with animals that they
thought could beat anything else — all weighing over two thousand pounds.
Now, when we get to that great centennial blow-out, why, we have a
reserve fund that we can fall back upon.

Mr. L. T. Yeomans : The remarks of the last gentleman seem to call
for a reply. We have heard once or twice here that the Board of Officers
would like to know the sense of this meeting. This resolution expresses to
them the sense of the meeting, but gives them the freedom to use their
judgment, and fixes a limit to which they can spend the money. We have
just answered their request that they shall have the sense of the meeting.
If we are an Association, and we are electing a Board of Officers to transact
this business the coming year, I think it is proper and right that we should
express to that Board of Officers — before we elect them, if you please —
what the sense of this Association is upon anything in which the finances
are concerned. I do not think it is a reflection at all upon the Board of
Officers. If I were a member of the Board I should want to know the
wishes of my constituents. I would like to ask these gentlemen who have
said so much in favor of the large premiums last year : Do they candidly
think that if we should appropriate one-quarter of the premiums at any fair
this year that we did last year that we should have as good a display of
Black and Whites as we did last year? If they say yes, then I have
nothing more to say. If they say no, then they have nothing more to
say. I say that one-quarter will not bring out such a display. We
should save our money for the World's Fair. That will be the grand
occasion, and if we filter our money away now, when it comes to that fair
we will be unable to make a great display there.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 21

Mr. C. E. Rumsey : The gentleman has spoken of saving our money
until 1892. I think he forgets the great reserve fund there is in this
Association. Why should we cramp ourselves for a fair that is not yet to
come off? I think the reserve fund is the interest which the breeders
of this cattle take in the Association, and if there is a fair held in 1892
there will be money enough. The Secretary can put me down for $250.00
for a fund to be offered outside of the Association for premiums in 1892.
[ Applause.]

Mr. C. W. Horr : My friend, Mr. Yeomans, so entirely misappre-
hended the spirit of my remark that I must be indulged for a moment. In
the first place, I did not suppose I was mad, and the interpretation that
the gentleman from New York State makes upon the spirit of friendliness
that prevails all through Ohio ; we don't call that getting angry in Ohio,
we just call it earnest. In the next place, I ask for more specific instruc-
tions, and as a reply he charges that I don't want any instructions. What
I asked was that you speak in no uncertain sound ; that if you say at the
very commencement of the resolution, " We trust $2,000.00 to the Board "
— having made it apparent that you don't want any of us to expend so much
money — that you do not in the very next part of the resolution paralyze
us by saying that you don't think we had better spend it. I must say that
that seems to me queer. Again, the gentleman said that if you should offer
only one-fourth as much next year as we did last year, you would not get
the same exhibit. Now there is more versatility among the Board than
that. The Board would find some way of getting a good exhibit. I again
say that I would not object to not allowing any premiums next year, but
would much prefer that you did that ; or else, having indicated by this
discussion clearly that we are all in favor of economy, that if in the judg-
ment of the Board they choose to do so, they may expend not to exceed
$2,000.00.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey : Is all this talk about economy going to be pub-
lished for the benefit of these fellows that we have licked? If I lick a
fellow I never tell him what it costs. [Laughter.] I do not like this kind
of talk at all. I have been astonished since I became a member of this
Association to read all the little by-talk which a couple of gentlemen have
had in the meeting. The Chinese have a proverb that economy is saving
and spending, and my experience is that the spending is the biggest
economy. I have tried an experiment with two cows, feeding them five
pounds of grain more than the rest of the herd got, and they gave me milk
enough on the extra five pounds of feed to pay for all the hay the other
cows ate. Now are we sorry we have whipped them because it cost so
much ? If we are sorry, don't let us tell about it.

Mr. W. G. Powell: If we publish to the world that we are going to
be weak the next year, why they will bluster a good deal on the other side.
I am perfectly willing, if it meets the views of my seconds, to leave it in

22 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

the hands of the Board to say what we shall spend. I am perfectly will-
ing not to make any limit, and leave it in the hands of the Board to make
an appropriation. ,

Mr. C. E. Rumsey: I move to amend the whole matter by leaving it
all to the discretion of the Board, and if any one of these other gentlemen
think we are weak they won't find it out from the record.

Mr. E. A. Powell: It is a question whether there is any time that we
can spend a little money to as good advantage, perhaps, as the coming year.
It has been suggested here, by the President, that we should keep at the
front. What does that mean? It means we have got to keep going on; we
cannot stand still. ^All other breeds are being advanced, and it will not
answer for us to stand still even for a single year. We were at the front
last year, and we must be at the front in the year to come. Now, to do
this some encouragement from our Association is necessary. The amount
need not be large. The Board will understand that in the sense of the
Association our fund should not be largely reduced; but I think in their
hands we are safe, and we can leave it to them to expend what is necessary
judiciously. I cannot help but feel that the best way to do is to leave this
matter so that the Board can offer some prizes. This Association is not
poor. We have $20,000.00 in the treasury. I therefore renew my amend-
ment, that this matter be referred to the Board with instructions that
the total expenses of the Association for the coming year shall not ex-
ceed, to any large amount, the income for that time, and leave it to them
to say where that money shall be expended.

The President: The last part of your amendment is covered by the
by-laws, which expresses exactly the same thing.

Mr. James Neilson: The whole matter seems to narrow itself down
to this: That we have exceeded our income last year. Now, then, the
question is, how much money we shall spend next year, and if business
discretion calls for expending as much this year, how shall we raise it.
And if it is thought best not to raise it, then we must cut down somewhere.
I think in future the Board ought to give a general recommendation about
things, because they have these matters all before them.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey: The reason I wanted to leave this to the Board is
because those gentlemen know the income of the Association.

The Secretary (interposing) : If the gentleman will allow me, I
would say that it seems to me that our income for the coming year will
exceed considerably that of last year, and it would be unwise not to
appropriate money for special premiums. I think the matter could well
be left to the judgment of the Board. Of course the Board would like an
expression of opinion from the Association, but I would like to have the
Board allowed at least as much as they had last year; not, of course, expect-
ing that they will spend it unless in their judgment it is necessary to do

!890-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 23

so. I think our members all over the country who are not personally
present to-day would feel very badly indeed if no money should be appro-
priated for this purpose. There can be money saved in some other direc-
tion. For instance, the experiment stations, for which we have spent three
or four thousand dollars last year, will not call on us again. The bounty
business is taking care of itself, and proving an income for us — that is, in
connection with the increased registry for bulls.

The President: Gentlemen, are there any further remarks upon this
subject ? If not, the question is upon the amendment as proposed by Mr.
E. A. Powell, namely : That this matter be left to the members of the
Board, but that the Board be instructed, as the sense of this meeting, not
to exceed in the total expense the income to any large amount.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I won't make it definitely in that form, because
they may not be able to tell definitely at the time they make the appro-
priation, but they will know very nearly. Therefore I make the amend-
ment in this way: That they be instructed for the coming year that the
total expense of the Association shall not exceed, to any large amount, its
income.

The President: Those in favor of the amendment will say aye.

Carried.

The President: Now the question recurs upon the original motion as
made by Mr. W. G. Powell. Are you ready for the question ?

Mr. L. T. Yeomans: I would inquire where my amendment has gone
to. Mr. Powell's was an amendment to my amendment.

The President: I understood that you two gentlemen had agreed,
having made practically the same amendment.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I accepted Mr. Yeomans' motion.

Mr. L. T. Yeomans: Oh, all right.

The President : The question now is upon the original motion as
amended.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: This seems to be somewhat mixed, and I would
move as a substitute that the whole matter be referred to the Board with
power.

Mr. E. A. Powell: Virtually the suggestion of Mr. Dutcher covers
my amendment, only that with certain portions, in regard to the views of
the Association that our expenses next season shall not exceed our income.
Aside from that it covers the ground exactly. It seems to me that it is due
to the gentlemen who have made these motions that we should take a vote
upon it.

Mr. S. L. Hoxie: I understand that our by-laws cover this point.

24 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The President: That is correct.

Mr. S. L. Hoxie: Then the amendment just passed is not strictly in
order.

Mr. C. W. Horr: When we come to make up this record, you will find
that it is in a very awkward shape, I imagine; while if you substitute it as
my friend Mr. Dutcher suggests, the Secretary will have a pleasanter job
of it.

Mr. W. J. Smith: I rise for information. I always supposed that it
was necessary to pass a resolution authorizing the expenditure of a definite
amount, beyond which we could not go. Can the Board offer any money for
premiums unless the Association passes a resolution authorizing it.

The President: The Association must authorize the appropriations.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I would like to inquire if the Association did it
last year ?

The President: Yes, sir; naming the amount, $4,000.00.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: But did it exceed that?

The President: Yes, sir.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: Then what does that direction amount to?

Mr. C. W. Horr: Well, I must defend the Board. We had no idea
that these black and white cattle would win such a universal victory, and
so tfoe aggregate of winnings exceeded our utmost expectations.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey: The way the Association can control this is by not
putting up their best cattle.

The Secretary: I would like to read a by-law of the Association.
I think the Board of Officers has power to go on and do anything they
please. I read Section 2, Article II.: "The Board of Officers of this cor-
poration, as a Board, shall have and take the entire control and manage-
ment of its affairs and business, with full power and authority to do what
they deem proper and best for its interest, but nothing contrary to the ex-
pressed wish of the Association; and they shall have no authority to con-
tract a debt against the corporation beyond its current expenses — and in
no case, beyond the amount of cash in the treasury. And nothing shall
be done which is not in accordance with the purpose and spirit of the
charter and by laws, but shall in all cases execute every expressed will of
the Association as expressed at any regular meeting." I understand that
the Board has authority to go on and spend anything they like under their
by-laws, unless they are forbidden at a meeting of the Association.

Mr. James Neilson: I understand that they were forbidden to expend
more than the expenses.

!890.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 25

Mr. W. J. Smith: I move that this whole matter be laid on the table.
That will give the Board full power to do as they see fit.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey: And that no report of this discussion be made
public.

Mr. W. J. Smith: No; I don't include that. I don't see anything
wrong about having people know that we propose to be economical.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey: Well, I don't think all this talk ought to go down
in the record.

The President: Gentlemen, this motion is not debatable.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey: The motion has not been seconded, and I move
that no record of this discussion be made.

Mr. W. J. Smith: Why, what harm will it do? I do not see any ob-
jection whatever to letting people know that we intend to be economical.

The President: Gentlemen, the question is not debatable. Is the
motion of Mr. Smith to lay the whole matter on the table seconded ?

Mr. C. W. HORR: I second it.

The President: Those in favor of laying the whole matter on the
table will vote aye.

Carried.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey: I move that this discussion be left out of the record
of our proceedings.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher : I hope that motion will not prevail. I do not
want to see any part of our discussion expunged from the record. This is
not a Star Chamber meeting, by any means.

Mr. James Neilson : I agree with Mr. Dutcher. There is nothing
to be ashamed of on our part at all.

The President : Well, the motion is not seconded.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey : I would like to have an expression from the chair
in regard to just what position that leaves the Board in after all this dis-
cussion .

The President : The Board has authority now to offer any premium
it sees fit, as I understand it, or conduct this whole matter of premiums
subject to the current income and expenditures of the year.

Mr. C. E. Rumsey : Tlvn do we understand that they have no right to
touch the accumulative surplus of the Association? How can they tell
before the end of the year- what the income is ?

The President : They will probably be careful to come within the
income of the year. The new Board cannot draw upon the funds of the

26 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March

Association without direct authority from the Association. They can
spend the income of the year.

Mr. James Neilson : The officers now have the opinions of the differ-
ent members of the Association, and from what has been read from the
by-laws I think the matter can properly be left in the hands of the Board.

The President : Gentlemen, the next order of business is : "An
appropriation will be asked to aid the Holstein-Friesian Register.''''

Mr. L. T. Yeomans : I offer the same motion that I made previously.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher : This is a matter in which the members of the
Association have as much interest as in any other thing connected with the
Association. While I have no personal feeling in the matter at all, I
believe it is to the interest of every man here to bring these cattle before
the dairy interests of this country, and that is not being done under the
present system. I believe this Holstein-Friesian Register should be put into
the hands of every dairyman in the United States. It is a fact which can
be demonstrated, and which every man knows who has made the test
as between the different breeds of cattle, that one Holstein cow is worth
two native cows to any dairyman in this country. I have in my dairy 150
native cows, the best I can buy in this country — and I appeal to the
gentlemen here who have seen them — and I say of my Holstein cows, one
of them is worth two native cows. Now the dairymen of this country do
not know that, and we should take measures to bring before them in some
way the fact _ that the Holstein is the cow for the dairyman to own,
and make them understand that instead of the cows averaging 3,000
pounds of milk a year they will be keeping cows that will average 10,000
pounds a year. I believe it is to our interests to take this Holstein-Friesian
Register and make a dairy paper of it. We have other agricultural papers
all over the land which are devoted to agriculture generally. " The Country
Gentleman " goes into the hands of everybody engaged in agriculture, but
it is not devoted entirely to the interests of this breed of cattle, and I
believe that this Association cannot spend money any more judiciously
than by the means I have suggested. I look upon it as one of the most
important of all subjects for us to consider — far better than these special
premiums that you are offering at county fairs. I would like to make a
dairy paper of this, and I contend that it will do more than anything else
to advance the interests of the Holstein breed of cattle. These are simply
my own ideas, and I would like to have an expression of views from others
on it.

The President : Does the gentleman make any motion ?

Mr. J. B. Dutcher : No, sir ; 1 simply make this as a suggestion.

Mr. C. W. HoRR : I move that the matter be referred to the Board, and
authorize them to appropriate such a sum as they deem wise, not to exceed
$1,250.00.

1890-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 27

Mr. Chaei.es Robinson : I offer an amendment, that the Board be
authorized to appropriate $4,000.00.

The President : Gentlemen, you have heard the motion of Mr. Horr,
that the Board expend not to exceed $1,250.00 in aiding the Holstein-
Friesian Register. Then Mr. Robinson made an amendment that the
amount be fixed at not to exceed $4,000.00. That amendment was not
seconded. Then the motion is that this matter be referred to the Board,
and they be authorized not to expend more than $1,250.00 to assist the
Holstein-Friesian Register. Are there any remarks on the subject ?

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: Yes. The gentlemen seem to have the impression
that this is a donation to Mr. Houghton. I take an entirely different view
of it. It is to place before the public a knowledge of the merits of these
cattle. I don't believe in spending money injudiciously, and I don't be-
lieve in taking measures particularly to get rid of a surplus. I am more
in favor of a surplus than a deficiency. But instead of spending $4,000.00
in special premiums at fairs, I would put this into something that would
bring before the farmers of this country the merits of the Holstein breed of
cattle. You may go to a fair and award a special premium, but it don't do
half the good that the money will do if used in this way. I am in favor
of doing both, but I would make a judicious expenditure of the money to
the support of the Holstein-Friesian Register. I would make a liberal ex-
penditure to it, and see that it is put before the people extensively.

Mr. James Neilson: Mr. President, some such paper, where everything
connected with the Holsteins can be readily referred to, is very necessary —
some place where the files are preserved. And such paper should have an
index, so that it could be easily gotten at, because it is constantly necessary
to refer to information connected with the Holsteins. For instance, the
other day, after a paper had been read referring to the great records of the
Holsteins, at once several gentlemen turned to the speaker and said:
"Where can you get affidavits pointing to those matters?" I must say
that I have been careless ; I was going to refer them to Mr. Powell, or Mr.
Dutcher —

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: (Interposing). You can have the affidavits.

Mr. James Neilson: Matters of that kind should be indexed, and it
should be a store-house of all that kind of information. We should pre-
serve that paper, and file and bind it. Then, beyond that, we should sup-
port it by writing to it — send it our ordinary every-day records. My
people have kept a record for ten years of every cow's milk. I don't make
butter, but if I did I should have had a record kept of that. I don't know
how much it is requisite to give the paper, but it should have a fair amount,
certainly. I have called attention once or twice to the fact that there was
only a certain amount of money in the treasury. Therefore I should not
expend everything for one thing. It is all very well to put enough money

28 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

in a thing to amount to something. It is impossible for us to give the
exact amount for everything, but I am heartily in favor of the spirit of
Mr. Dutcher's resolution.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I move to strike out of the motion the limit to
$1,250.00. That I know will meet the views of the gentlemen who made
the motion, because that leaves the matter entirely with the Board. The
same argument that he applied to the butter premium applies to this
exactly.

Mr. W. J. Smith: I second that amendment.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: If the Board is to do one part of the business,
let them do it all.

The President: The amendment is that the amount of $1,250.00 be
stricken out of the original motion. Are there any remarks?

Mr. C. W. Horr: I hope that will not prevail. This is a question
about which there are wide differences of opinion among members of the
Board, and no doubt would be in the Association. We all feel very friendly
toward this paper, and we join in congratulations to the gentleman who
edits it. He appeared before the Board and made a very favorable impres-
sion, and after a discussion we decided to recommend exactly the resolution
that I have offered here to-day. That was a larger sum than some members
desired to appropriate; it was smaller than other members wanted to appro-
priate. But as a compromise, and in view of the fact that we have got to
cut down expenses this year, it was the final unanimous opinion of the
Board that that was the wisest course. I hope the Association will not
precipitate that discussion upon us again to-day.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I would like to make a few remarks on that sub-
ject, because I consider it one of the most important that has come before
this Association. The remarks of Mr. Dutcher in regard to familiarizing
the country with our breed of cattle is important. One of the principal
duties of this Association is to show these gentlemen — not only breeders,
but dairymen — that we have a breed of cattle that are capable of doubling
the products of their herd when introduced. We believe that ourselves,
and if we can convince others of it we will have found a market for all our
surplus stock. To show you that we have reason for that, I will mention
the records of three herds that were graded up at a very small expense
merely by the introduction of bulls into two herds and the introduction of
two females into the third. Mr. Jerome, near Syracuse, who sells his milk
to the Onondaga County Milk Association, sold last year his entire product
and received pay from the association, aside from what he used in his own
family, for over 9,000 pounds apiece for his entire herd. A near neighbor
of his, Mr. Schuyler, received pay for 10,419 pounds per cow, netting him
an income of $127.00 a cow. Messrs. Wood & Co., of Exeter, started a few
years ago by buying two females and one bull, and last year their entire

1890-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 29

herd of thirty head sold rnilk enough to amount to 9,000 pounds per cow.
The average product of the cows of the state of New York is only 3,034
pounds, according to the report of the State Dairy Commission. If this is
a fact, and we can show the people that the yearly products of their dairies
can be doubled, there will be no trouble in selling our stock. I know of no
means by which that can be done as well as through the public press. And
while all the agricultural papers, both east and west, have been glad to
publish anything that has been sent them on this subject, there is only one
paper that is working entirely for the interests of this breed of cattle, and
that is the Holstein-Friesian Register. It is not the organ of an individual,
but of this Association. Two years ago I opposed any appropriation being
made for this purpose, from the fact that the paper had recently gone into
new hands and we did not know what the future of it was going to be. It
then had not been sufficiently established for this Association to spend
money upon it as an Association, but as individuals I recommended that we
take hold of it and contribute to its support. That was done quite largely
by several of the breeders, and so far as the breeders subscribed, it was
done liberally; but it was not done in a general way. Last year there was
an appropriation made by another method, which indirectly achieved the
same result, but it was made on conditions which I believe reduced the
income below what was expected to have been realized. Now, it seems to
me there is not any means by which we can spend a portion of our funds
to so good an advantage as by increasing the circulation of this paper, and
I hope the members will look at this matter in the light of an investment.

Mr. C. E. Rtjmsey: Mr. President, I think it is proper for me to say
just what this paper did for me. I was allowed a certain number of those
papers to distribute. I had some bull calves which I had sold from two
hundred to five hundred miles away from my farm, but it hurt my pride
that I could not sell them to the dairymen right around near me. I got
those papers, and sent them around to the dairymen within a radius of
ten miles of my farm. This spring I sold two bull calves to those dairy-
men. I don't know whether it was my continued example of breeding
these cattle, or the constant pounding away at them with these papers that
finally persuaded them that the Holsteins were the only breed of cattle
worth raising, but I sold two bull calves anyway. Now, the firm I am in
expends from eight thousand to ten thousand dollars a year in advertising,
and I believe that my hammering away on that dairyman finally caused the
fact to get through his skin, and made him come and buy those bull calves
of me. I took clover hay for one of them, but I took a good lot of it.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I would like Mr. Houghton to make a statement
of the number of papers he issued last year.

Mr. Houghton: I received last year from the Association about
$1,250.00. That represented some 1,500 subscriptions at 80 cents per year.
But, mind you, each subscription was divided into four parts; it went

30 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

three months to each man. So that the total number who received the
paper during the year was probably nearly 7,000.

Mr. C. W. Hobb: I hope it will not be necessary to go into a general
discussion of the reasons which actuated the various members of the
Board on this question. I want to state exactly what we are appropriating
it for. Mr. Houghton's paper has a circulation, as I understand from him,
of 1,700 outside of that furnished by the Association. In the arrangement
that the Board made — and it was my privilege to help make that a year
ago with Mr. Houghton — we aimed to get the worth of our money, and
then we aimed to let the papers be disposed of by the members according
to their respective appropriations, so that no one could claim that his
money was used by the Board to obtain 6,000 copies without his getting
his proportion. We hoped that that would lead to an increased circulation.
Mr. Houghton tells us that so far as he can judge up to the present time
the increase has only been about one per cent. Now, so far as getting sub-
scriptions for his paper is concerned, it seems to me all folly. I should
suppose there could be some other course devised by the Board. Greeley
said that the way to resume was to resume; the way to go west was to go
west. Now, I think it would be the sober second thought of this Associa-
tion th,at if we set about last year's appropriation — in view of the fact that
we spent so much more money than we received last year — it is all you can
ask. So I hope the $1,250.00 will be stood by.

Mr. W. J. Smith: I think if Mr. Horr insists upon the Board being
instructed about this matter, I don't see why we should trust them
so fully in regard to the premium question. I have great confidence in the
Board, and I am perfectly willing to trust the entire matter to them; and,
although the result of subscription may not appear as satisfactory as it
ought to, still I think we can look at the results behind them. A great
many men think when they get a paper for nothing that there is no use
subscribing for it, and that is the way it has been with this, I imagine.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I think one reason of the circulation of the paper
not increasing is the fact that it treats almost exclusively — instead of
being a dairy paper — to the breeding of the Holstein cattle. I believe we
should make it more of a dairy paper, and have the dairy interests discussed
in it; then the dairymen will readily subscribe for it. I know lots of
people that are breeding beef cattle who have had this paper. Why you
might as well throw it in the fire. I certainly hope that this Association
will appropriate more than $1,250.00 to the support of that paper. I be-
lieve it is to the interest of every member of this Association to do that,
and I think it is one of the most important things in connection with our
Association.

Mr. O. B. Potter: I rise to corroborate the expression of Mr. Dutcher,
that this paper should discuss something besides the breeding of Holstein
cattle. I take all the agricultural papers published in the country, I be-

189°] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 31

lieve, and yet I find that my farmer only preserves a few of them on^files.
He does not consider this paper on the Holstein breed of cattle as suffi-
ciently interesting to him to keep it on the files, and he doesn't read it
very much. My own opinion is clearly that if you ever expect this paper
to have a large circulation, and to exercise an important influence in the
direction you wish, it has got to contain something more than facts about
the Holstein cattle.

Mr. E. P. Miller: It seems to me that this Association cannot afford
to do more for this paper than it has the past year. I know it is an up-
hill business trying to make any money out of publishing a paper devoted
to some special interests, as this paper is. Here is a paper devoted expressly
to the interests of the Holstein-Friesian, and every man who is breeding
those cattle is interested in a paper of that kind, and if the paper is
properly managed it can be of great interest to every man, particularly in
advancing this breed of cattle. We have in this country over 15,000,000
cows, and it is calculated that they do not average 3,000 pounds of milk a
year, and not 150 pounds of butter. There are men here who have Hol-
stein cows that have records of 30,000 pounds of milk a year. Now, what
the breeders of this kind of cattle want to do is to bring the subject before
the dairymen of this country of the importance of getting a breed oftcat-
t e that will give them from five to ten or fifteen thousand pounds of milk a
year more than they are getting now. The experiments that have been
made at our stations go to prove very clearly that a man can keep on his
farm a dairy cow that will net him $50.00 to $75.00 a year as cheap as he
can keep a steer that won't net him a cent. The farmers improve their
farms by keeping dairies, and I think it would not be a hard matter to make
the farmers of this country understand that they can almost double the
profits on their farms by keeping cows; creameries are being established
all over the land now, and it won't be a difficult matter for the publisher
of the Holstein-Friesian Register to get the names of the patrons of those
creameries all over the United States, and to see that this paper is put into
their hands. It ought to be devoted more extensively to the dairy inter-
ests. I certainly think every breeder of Holstein cattle is personally in-
terested in circulating a paper of this kind. If the publisher can make any
money out of it, the larger the circulation the better it will be for him. It
costs just as much to set the type for 1,000 subscribers as it does for 100,-
000. All it costs extra is the paper, the press-work, and the mailing. Con-
sequently, if the publisher can get the cost of the paper and press-work, it
is a great deal better for him to receive aid in distributing the paper in that
way than it is to not have it increased; and he can make more money on
his advertising if he has a large circulation. I would suggest that the As-
sociation keep up the appropriation for this paper, and also that every
member make it a point to contribute articles on dairy subjects to the
paper.

32 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. G. D. Wheelee: The discussion here seems to turn upon the fact
that we really own the paper. If the gentlemen say that, we will give un-
limited support to this paper, and make it our paper, then it is our paper;
but if we are to contribute something to aid the editor of the paper in the
individual work which he has undertaken, the question arises how far that
liberality should go. Last year we gave $1,250.00, and this paper was sent
to one thousand five hundred new dairymen. The result was that it in-
creased the editor's subscription list fifteen members. If we should double
that amount this year we would assist him to thirty new subscribers per-
haps for the next year. Now, we might perhaps consult with the editor
and get him to change the character of the paper, and make it a dairy
paper. But if we are to do what has been proposed to us now, it seems to
me that the $1,250.00 might answer for the purpose.

Mr. Houghton: One word of explanation seems necessary. My
friends, Mr. Wheeler and Mr. Miller, seem to be laboring under the im-
pression that they have been kind of supporting me. Every dollar has been
laid out in spreading the paper before the people of the country. The
direct results from your subscription last year, so far as my book-keeper
could trace them, were about one per cent. Mr. Wheeler seems to think
that was the entire gain in the circulation of the paper for the year.
Nothing of the kind. The gain last year was nearly seven hundred copies.
When I started out I had one hundred and twenty -five paid subscribers.
And in two year's time I have raised it to one thousand seven hundred
paid subscribers. I think it has progressed on its own merits. What you
have done is not fostering the paper. You have only expended your money
for the distribution of these copies among those to whom you wanted to
bring the merits of these cattle. Our friend, Mr. Rumsey, of Pittsburg,
has given a practical illustration of how it worked in his own neighbor-
hood, and I have many people all over the country telling me the same
thing.

Mr. E. A Powell: I understood Mr. Houghton to say that this ex-
penditure had resulted in putting this paper before some seven thousand
people for three months.

Mr. Houghton: Yes, sir; that is what you paid for.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I think that is good advertising. I think it is a
pretty good investment.

Mr. Houghton: 1 have issued twenty thousand copies, and sent them
everywhere, and have been using these lists of dairymen to bring this sub-
ject before them. The paper has nearly supported itself the past year.

Mr. E. P. Taft: I move that we substitute the sum of $2,000.00 in-
stead of $1,250.00.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I second that motion.

1890.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 33

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I don't know how the members of this Board all
feel, but this looks to me very much like a conviction before trial. They all
seem to be opposed to spending money. I would put it in a little different
shape. I would say that they are instructed to expend upon that paper
$2,000.00 for the next year.

Mr. E. P. Taft: I adopt that.

Mr. C. E. Rtjmsey: It looks to me as if they made a pretty sharp bar-
gain with Mr. Houghton last year. If they got those papers distributed at
80 cents a year, it must have been very close to cost; there could not have
been any profit in it to the gentleman who runs the paper. If you appro-
priate $2,000.00, does that carry with it that the gentleman shall go on and
furnish more papers at cost, or below it, if you can pinch him that hard,
or does it mean that you want him to make a little profit out of it this
year?

Mr. C. W. Hour: I will consent to adopt the amendment that Mr.
Dutcher made, to leave the whole matter to the discretion of the Board.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher : I have only made one amendment.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Well, Mr. Yeomans seconded some amendment, and
that is the one I refer to.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: I seconded Mr. Taft's amendment.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Well, I accept that.

The President: As the chair understands it, the original motion was
made by Mr. Horr and seconded by Mr. Yeomans. There is now an
amendment made by Mr. Taft and accepted by Mr. Horr, and it stands in
this shape: That the Holstein-Friesian Register be subsidized not to exceed
$2,000.00, and that the matter be placed in the hands of the Board to
complete.

Mr. E. P. Taft: My motion was to make it $2,000.00 instead of
$1,250.00.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Then it was Mr. Yeoman's motion that I accepted
which was to strike out the $1,250.00 and leave it to the discretion of the
Board.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: Mr. President, was the substitute I offered in
order ?

The President: No, sir.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: Why not?

The President: Because there was a motion before the meeting an
amendment, and a substitute, I believe, and a second substitute which was
not seconded.
3

34 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: There was a substitute, and an amendment which
was not seconded, and then Mr. Taft offered an amendment, and then I
made this motion as a substitute for the whole thing. It appears to me
that that is in order; that this Board of Officers be authorized to expend
upon the Holstein-Friesian Register for the next year $2,000.00, and that they
do it in such manner as they deem best, and if they do not do it to the
satisfaction of this Association, why, next year we will haul them up.

The President: Gentlemen, you have heard the motion, that this
whole matter be referred to the Board with power to act.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: No, sir. The substitute I offered was this: That
the Board of Officers be instructed to expend upon the Holstein-Friesian
Register for the next year $2,000.00. They are not authorized to do it in
their discretion. They are instructed to do it.

Mr. C. R. Payne: It seems to me that in that event we will give the
editor $2,000.00.

Mr. W. G. Powell: The substitute has not been seconded.

Several Members: I second it.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: It is seconded now, two or three times.

Mr. W. G. Powell : I have favored this appropriation, but I would
simply say, as a business matter, that I will have to object to Mr. Dutcher's
substitute. I certainly would not put myself in his hands and he would
not put himself in mine in that way, as a business transaction. I know he
is too shrewd a business man to do it, and I claim to be something of a
business man myself.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I was about to offer an addition to that resolution
— and I will offer it now so that you can discuss it — that this money be
expended upon a similar basis to that of last year.

Mr. D. H. Burrell : I hope this motion will prevail, for the reason that
it will be a delicate matter for the Board to deal with the question if you
do not define the amount. I am of the opinion that we better make the
amount $2,000.00. If we had $50,000.00 in the treasury, I should be in
favor of expending twice as much money. This Association ought to have
a balance sheet each year a little in excess of the preceding year. For
my part, I am not at all satisfied. I think we ought to go back and
have in our treasury $28,000.00, because some time or other an emergency
will arise when we may want to expend that money in a profitable way.

The President: The question now before the meeting is on the sub-
stitute to take the place of the original naotion: That the Board of Officers
be instructed to expend $2,000.00 upon the Holstein-Friesian Register upon
a similar basis to that of last year. All in favor of that will say aye.

Carried.

!890.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 35

The President: The question is now on the adoption of the motion
as amended. All in favor will say aye.

Carried.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Mr. President, as this is as good a time as any other,
I desire to submit to the Association the following resolution:

" Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the President to
obtain information in reference to the laws that have been enacted by the
United States, and the several states, for the protection of the dairy interests
against the manufacture and fraudulent sale of butter and cheese that are
not made wholly from cream or milk ; that after said committee has
obtained said information they shall visit Washington, and use every hon-
orable endeavor to procure the passage by congress of as wise and effective
an enactment as can be devised for prohibiting, restraining, and regulating
the shipment from one state into another of butter and cheese that are not
the sole product of cream or milk; that said committee shall be instructed,
if possible, to have embraced in said enactment a clause that shall pro-
hibit the shipment from one state to another of cheese that is not made
in whole or in part from skim-milk, except in packages that are so branded
as to clearly and fully disclose the character of the goods.

" Resolved, That the Secretary of our Association and the chairman of
said committee be instructed to solicit in procuring said enactment the
advice, assistance, and co-operation of all the leading dairy associations of
the United States.

" Resolved, That the Secretary be authorized to pay the expenses of said
committee while discharging the duties assigned to them by this resolu-
tion."

Now, Mr. President, what has suggested this resolution to me is this:
Probably some gentlemen may not be aware that I am largely interested
in the manufacture of cheese and butter in Ohio. We have a law there
which is satisfactory to our farmers in reference to the manufacture of
cream cheese. We have laws in reference to the manufacture and sale of
butter that is made partly from fat. But we meet with this difficulty, that
while we can enforce these laws against the citizens of Ohio, parties living
in adjoining states can ship in packages of cheese or butter which do not
conform to our laws, and we are powerless. And it seems to me that the
dairy interests of the United States are going to be so large and important
that we have got to have national legislation before we can protect ourselves
against cheese that is partially made from other substances than milk and
butter that is made from fat. I apprehend that if this Association takes
hold of this matter and appoints a committee which shall inform itself of the
legislation that has been enacted in the various states, and get a clear, gen-
eral knowledge of the whole field of legislation, and then lays the matter
before congress, we shall get, in the course of a year or a year and a half,
the legislation that we need. I hope the Association will adopt this or

36 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

some similar plan. Some men may wonder why it is so limited to the
simple matter of regulating so far as the shipment from one state to another
is concerned. If I am correctly informed, that is the only way the national
government can get at this thing.

Mr. James Neilson: While the gentleman is stopping up all these rat-
holes, there is another thing wherein they are still more sly, perhaps — per-
haps not more wicked — than in Ohio. They tell of mixing a skim-milk
cheese with what they call butter-fat in Wisconsin, and it has very much
interfered with the price of butter. They avoid the law, because they do
not use matter which is foreign ; they use altogether the product of the
cow. I think, while he is about it, he should include that. I second Mr.
Horr's resolution.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: It seems to me as if this Association was taking
upon itself a pretty big contract to revolutionize the dairy interests of this
country, and when we were talking a little while ago about appropriating
a few dollars to bring the objects of this Association before the dairymen,
my friend Mr. Horr was very eccnomical. Now, this is too big a question to
take up and bring before congress. It belongs properly to the dairy inter-
ests of the country. I am decidedly opposed to selling anything for what
it is not, whether it is oleomargarine or skim-milk cheese. Let the New
York State Dairy Commissioner take up the matter; I believe there is one
somewhere; I never have seen him, and I don't think very much of him.
But don't let us bring that matter up here. It is not a subject for this As-
sociation to consider.

Mr. N. B. Gregory: I endorse the remarks of Mr. Dutcher, all except-
ing his slur upon the President of our Board of Milk Trade. Mr. Brown,
I thinks Ifas been a very good officer. I think Mr. Horr has been a little
precipitate in foisting upon this Association the question of regulating the
dairy interests.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I move to lay the whole matter upon the table.

Mr. N. B. Gregory: I second the motion.

Mr. C. W. Horr: Well, I was going to make that motion myself
(laughter), but I wanted to make a few remarks first.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: Then I will withdraw my motion in order to per-
mit you to make the remarks.

Mr. C. W. Horr: I was going to say that I would move to lay it upon
the table for one year. This is an old subject, about which this Association
has not interested itself, I know; but if you will notice one little clause in
my resolution, you will see that the Secretary was directed to solicit the
advice and assistance of all the dairy associations of the United States. It
was not intended that we should take the whole work upon our shoulders.
That is all I have to say.

1890.1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 37

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I now renew the motion.

Mr. O. B. Potter: Mr. President —

The President: (Interposing.) The motion to lay upon the table is
not debatable.

A Member: I think we ought to hear Mr. Potter.

Mr. O. B. Potter: If the matter is not debatable, I think I had better
not say anything.

The President: We should like very much to listen to what the
gentleman has to say.

Mr. O. B. Potter: I simply desired to say that this oleomargarine
matter has not been definitely settled by the courts, and if we should
make a precedent in regard to this product, I am afraid it will be a prece-
dent that will necessarily lead us from the ground of state control in
domestic matters, which, in my judgment, is at the very foundation of all
the prosperity, progress, and greatness of our country. I think it should
lay upon the table a year, and believe it will lay there much longer. We
have existed under the form of government that we have, and under which
we have given our general government no power except the power to make
citizenship within the states greater and broader than before, to enlarge
the liberties of the citizens within the states — not a power is given in the
constitution but it is given directly for the purpose and to the end, and
it has secured the purposes and the ends, of enlarging the liberty of citi-
zenship within the states. We have achieved a progress that no nation on
earth has equalled during the last hundred years, and we shall continue to
progress so long as we leave our states to control their own business in
obedience to the laws of the country and within the powers that have been
delegated to the general government, and the general government keeping
equally within its powers. We shall continue in that line, I believe, to
advance the fortunes of this nation, and through it the fortunes of man-
kind, as we can do under no other system. All the advances that have
been made — and I do not hesitate to say that nobody who examines the
subject will fail to come to this same conclusion — in law and liberty which
now affect the citizens of all the states of the Union have been made by
the states themselves. Our system of common school education sprang
from it in the colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut — that there
must exist somewhere a right to tax property to educate children in a
common school. Connecticut first adopted it, although Massachusetts
claims the honor; but it was first put into her constitution and was then
adopted by Massachusetts, and it has gone on from state to state until it
has become a household right of every child born and reared upon the soil
of the country, and it has come to stay for all future generations. Now, I
wish to say the time has never existed, and it is doubtful if it now exists,
when you could have discussed that question in the halls of congress with

38 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

any prospect whatever of having it supported, and so you will find with all
the rights that have been achieved under the state governments. Let me
say, do not belittle our state government. This very question, as it seems
to me, Ohio can control. The general government can control what may
be carried from state to state. Ohio can make it a crime and punish any-
body within that state who sells anything which they ought not by law to
sell. And upon that line, and within the rights of the states, I believe all
can be accomplished that is sought to be accomplished here, and without
any evasion or change in the grandest system of government this world
has ever seen.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: Now, Mr. President, I renew the motion to lay
the matter upon the table.

The President: Those in favor of laying the resolutions offered by
Mr. Horr upon the table say aye.

Carried.

The President: The business now in order is the election of officers.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: As it is now 1 o'clock, I move that we take a
recess until 2 o'clock for dinner.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I second that motion.

The President: The Secretary informs me that dinner is not served
until 2 o'clock.

Mr. W. C. Powell: Well, lunch commences at 1 o'clock, and we
can get lunch between now and 2 o'clock and then go on and finish our
business.

The President: Those in favor of taking a recess until 2 o'clock will
say aye.

Carried.

Recess until 2 o'clock.

1890.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 39

AFTERNOON SESSION.

The President: Gentlemen, have you any other business before pro-
ceeding to the election of officers ?

Mr. W. Brown Smith: Mr. Chairman, there is one matter of business
that I think was not fully understood. I apprehend that the people gen-
erally understood that the Auditing Committee here this morning was to
serve for the next year; our President does not so understand it. I there-
fore offer a resolution that a committee be appointed to audit the accounts
for the ensuing year, so that they may be audited before the meeting
organizes next year.

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: Mr. President, I offer a suggestion that we au-
thorize the Board of Officers to appoint a committee at their first meeting,
which is the day preceding the annual meeting next year. If the Board
of Officers had authority to appoint such a committee next year, they would
be sure to appoint gentlemen who are in the city, while if they are
appointed now there may not be more than one or two here on the day pre-
ceding the day of the meeting to perform their work.

Mr. W. Brown Smith : That will be entirely satisfactory if the con-
vention are satisfied with that way of doing business. The thought was,
yesterday afternoon, that the members of the Board would hardly be will-
ing for the officers to make the accounts and then make a committee to
audit them, but I will accept that as an amendment. Mr. Judson Smith
suggested that a committee of seven be appointed, of which four should be
a quorum, and he was intending to make that as a motion.

Mr. J. B. Dutcher: I think our Treasurer is right, upon general prin-
ciples. While there is nobody here but would have entire confidence in
the officers appointing a committee to audit their own accounts, I think it
a very wise suggestion; and I think Mr. Judson Smith's motion, that an
auditing committee of seven be appointed, of which four should be a
quorum, would be acceptable. I think there would be no difficulty in ap-
pointing seven men of whom there would probably be four here.

Mr. L. T. Yeomans: I think Mr. Smith's suggestion was a good one.

Mr. W. J. Smith: I would like to explain. My idea was to have
the President appoint a committee of seven, three of which would be a
quorum, and they could have the accounts all ready for the next annual
meeting. That is the reason of my motion. I like that idea better than
to leave the whole matter in the hands of the Board.

Mr. W. G. Wheeler: Mr. President, why not make a committee of
five and have two a quorum ?

40 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. T. G. Yeomans: To obviate any possible objection, I would like to
make this addition, that if there is not a quorum that the Board of Officers
may add enough to that committee to make a quorum.

Mr. E. A. Powell: In the first place, it is not the accounts of the
Board that would be audited ; it is only the accounts of certain members of
the Board, for instance, the Treasurer, Secretary, and Superintendent of Ad-
vanced Registry. If you have not confidence enough in the Board to allow
them to appoint an auditing committee, why not ask the President to ap-
point that committee previous to the date of the next meeting ? The
President can appoint it then as well as he can now ; therefore I move that
the President be instructed previous to each meeting to appoint a commit-
tee of three to audit the accounts. I move that as a substitute. He can
appoint them the first day before or the second day before the next meeting.
It would be well enough when the Board meets next year.

The motion was seconded, and carried.

Mr. W. Brown Smith moved to proceed to the election of officers.

Motion seconded by Mr. E. A. Powell, and carried.

It is moved that when there is but one nomination made, the Secretary
be instructed to cast the vote in the usual way; and when there are more
than one, that we proceed to ballot in the usual way.

Motion seconded, and carried.

Mr. Powell moved that two tellers be appointed by the President.

Motion put, and carried.

The President appointed H. Langworthy and C. E. Rumsey.

Mr. Yeomans nominated Mr. David H. Burrell as President.

Mr. Dudley Miller nominated Mr. John B. Dutcher.

Mr. Dutcher declined.

There being no other nominations for the office of President, the Secre-
tary was directed by the President to cast the vote of the Association,
whereupon Mr. D. H. Burrell was declared duly elected President of the
Association for the ensuing year.

Mr. M. L. Sweet nominated Mr. George D. Wheeler for First Vice-Presi-
dent of the Association. There being no further nominations, the Secre-
tary cast the vote, and Mr. George D. Wheeler was declared elected First
Vice-President.

Mr. S. Burchard nominated Mr. W. M. Liggett, of Benson, MiDn., for
Second Vice-President. There beiDg no further nominations, the Secretary
cast the ballot, and he was declared duly elected.

1890] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 41

Mr. John A. Frye, of Marlboro, Mass., was nominated for Third Vice-
President. There being no other nominations, the Secretary cast the bal-
lot, and he was declared duly elected.

Mr. W. Brown Smith nominated Mr. John B. Dutcher for Fourth Vice-
President. There being no further nominations, the Secretary cast the
ballot, and Mr. Dutcher was declared duly elected.

The President having stated that nominations were open for three
Directors, to hold office for two years, Mr. Smith nominated Mr. W. G.
Powell, Mr. C. W. Horr nominated Mr. L. T. Yeomans, and Mr. Wil-
liam M. Singerly, of Philadelphia, was also nominated. There being no
further nominations, the Secretary cast the ballot of the Association, and
Messrs. W. G. Powell, L. T. Yeomans, and William M. Singerly were de-
clared duly elected for two years.

Mr. C. W. Forr nominated Mr. Thomas B. Wales, the present incumbent,
as Secretary and Editor.

It was moved that this election be made unanimous, and that the Presi-
dent cast the ballot.

Carried.

The President having cast the vote of the Association, Mr. Thomas B.
Wales was declared duly elected.

Mr. Sweezey nominated Mr. W. Brown Smith, of Syracuse, N. Y., as
Treasurer of the Association, and the Secretary having cast the ballot, he
was declared duly elected.

Mr. S. Hoxie was nominated as Superintendent of Advanced Registry,
and the Secretary having cast the vote of the Association, he was declared
duly elected.

The President: This, I think, constitutes the full election. There is
one thing more which the chair wishes to call the attention of the meeting
to, and that is to determine the place of meeting for 1891.

Mr. Yeomans moved that the next meeting be at Syracuse.

Motion seconded.

The Secretary: I feel obliged to state for a member from Illinois,
Mr. Amos Edmunds, who sent his proxy, that he wished me to propose
that the meeting be held at Buffalo, as being farther west than New York
or Syracuse. I make that as a motion.

The Secretary's motion not having been seconded, the motion to hold
the next meeting at Syracuse was put by the chair, and declared duly
carried.

42 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March

The President: The next meeting will be held at Syracuse. The
chair now takes pleasure in introducing Mr. D. H. Burrell as President of
the Association:

Mr. Burrell: Gentlemen of the Holstein-Friesian Association, in
accepting this position for the ensuing year I have consented with much
reluctance, and should have been very happy if Mr. Dutcher had accepted
the nomination, and I should have done all I could to have persuaded you
to vote for him. I could not for one moment have accepted the position if
it were not for the fact that we have a Secretary who is the best one
we ever had; and I can trust myself safely to him to take care of me
during the next year, and I shall call upon him for instructions and direc-
tions to keep me from making mistakes. I would like to say a good deal
of what the Holstein-Friesian Association has accomplished in the past
and what work it has before it in the future — how valuable the Holstein-
Friesian cow has become; what an impression it has made in the country
and how superior the milk which it furnishes to the children. But I will
desist, because there are other gentlemen who are to address you, and I
know that a business meeting made of such an audience as are here present
will not exchange and interchange compliments, and I therefore beg to
ask what is your pleasure ?

Mr. Powell moved that a vote of thanks be presented to the retiring
President and Board of Officers, and the motion was unanimously carried.

The President: The next order of business is an address by Dr.
Peter Collier, of the New York Experiment Station. Subject: "How to
Make Dairying Profitable." I take pleasure in introducing Dr. Collier.

DR. COLLIER'S ADDRESS.

THE DAIRY INDUSTRY — HOW IT MAY BE MADE MORE PROFITABLE.

Mr. President, Gentlemen and Members of the Holstein-Friesian Association
of America: I assure you that I fully appreciate the honor in having been
again invited by your Secretary to address you, and I hope I may be able to
say something which may not only be of interest, but of practical value in
advancing the great interest which has again brought us together.

I will not weary you with an array of statistics, since those can be pub-
lished and can be then considered at your leisure; but I will informally
present the general conclusions which these statistics appear to justify and
give the results of what I regard as very important experiments which we
have recently concluded at the Experiment Station at Geneva.

THE EXTENT OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY.

The estimated number of cows in the United States, January 1st, 1890,
was, approximately, 16,000,000 (15,952,883), an increase from January 1st,
1889, of 654,258 — 4.3 per cent increase.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 43

New York leads with 1,552,373, haying nearly 10 per cent of the total
and about twice as many as all New England, valued at $45,750,241.00.
Iowa is a close second, with 1,331,888; while Illinois conies third, with
1,072,473.

The average price of milch cows is now lower than at any time for the
past ten years, but it is well to observe that this is not exceptional, since
cattle generally have fallen off much more, and swine a little more, than
have milch cows.

If we take the highest average prices of cows, cattle, and swine attained
any time during the past ten years and compare them with the prices on Jan-
uary 1st, 1890, we find that cattle are worth only 65 per cent, swine 70 per
cent, and milch cows 71 per cent, so that cows have not suffered unusual
depression.

If we compare the three states of New York, Illinois, and Iowa, which
alone have almost exactly one quarter of all the cows in the whole United
States and territories, which states also surpass all others in the aggregate
value of their leading farm crops, Illinois and Iowa alone exceeding New
York in this respect, owing to their larger acreage, as will appear when we
consider that the average acreage value of the leading farm crops of New
York was in 1886 $12.60, while in Illinois it was $8.30, and in Iowa $7.30
(differences due mainly to distance from market); a ratio of 100, 65.9, and
57.9, while the average value of cows in January, 1890, was: New
York, $28.11; Ohio, $24.80; Iowa, $19.79, or in the ratio of 100, 88.2, and
70.4, so that relatively it would appear that the value of cows in Ohio and
Iowa was more than kept up.

WHAT HAS SCIENCE DONE FOR AGRICULTURE?

Let us take a hasty retrospective glance and see what science has already
done for agriculture, and watch me close, lest I claim too much, since upon
this basis of accomplished facts I rest ray claim that these are really but
the first fruits — promises only of the abundant blessings yet in store for
agriculture.

Consider that agricultural science has, we might almost say, had its
birth within the lives of most of us; certainly its development during the
past twenty-five years surpasses all that had been accomplished for as many
centuries. Why, fifty years ago, even, a prize problem of the Gottingen
academy was whether mineral matter was neccessary to the life and develop-
ment of the plant. Consider, if you can, the condition of agricultural
science while such a fundamental question was a matter of doubt ? And
what followed the solution of that question? At the least $100,000,000.00
worth of this mineral matter is manufactured and sold annually, the direct
result of a positive answer to that question. In New York state alone fully
$4,000,000.00 worth of these so-called commercial fertilizers are annually
sold. Every isle of the sea, every corner of the earth has been ransacked;
the bleaching bones on the plains of the west have been gathered up; the

44 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

catacombs of Egypt have been rifled, of their mummies ; the very dung of
reptiles extinct million of years ago, preserved as fossils in the rocks of the
earth, all have contributed to supply the enormous and steadily increasing
demand for this plant food.

But more than this. If to-day a chemist should carefully burn a sam-
ple of wheat grown, whether in Dakota or New York, England or the
Crimea, India or Australia, and should find very much more or less than a
fiftieth of its weight in ash or mineral matter, he would instantly review
his work, confident that an error had been made; more, even, than this,
should he find this ash to contain very much more or less than 31 per cent
of potash or 46 per cent of phosphoric acid, he would be a bold man who
would venture to publish such analysis without very careful revision.
And what is true of wheat has been found true of the other products of
the farm.

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

You are doubtless aware that the first agricultural experiment station
was established at Moeckern, in Saxony, in 1851, and that since that time,
so valuable have they proved themselves to be, that they have been multi-
plied with great rapidity in nearly every state of Europe, and in the Ger-
man empire alone there are reported 184, devoting themselves to the in-
vestigation of every branch of agriculture.

The first established in this country was in Connecticut, in 1875.

What have they done of value, do you ask ? Let me recall to your
memory Liebig, to whom agricultural science is, perhaps, more indebted
than to all who preceded him. You may some of you remember how, in
1840, he said that "guano contains not only the mineral elements of food,
but serves to quicken their action and shorten the time required for their
assimilation;" and it was in that same year that he suggested the manu-
facture of super-phosphates by the use of sulphuric acid. Now mark the
date, for that very year, 1840, twenty casks of guano were imported into
England, and within five years nearly 300,000 tons of this most valuable
fertilizer were imported into Great Britain alone. And yet remember that
this man was pre-eminently a book farmer, blessing the world by his re-
searches in the laboratory and the practical conclusions which he drew
from chemical analysis.

What else have the experiment stations done for agriculture, do you
ask? In reply, I would say, without danger of contradiction, that there is
hardly a quarter of a column in any of the agricultural papers of this or
any other country of practical or scientific value to agriculture which is
not based directly or indirectly upon the results which have been worked
out in the experiment stations, either public or private. To-day the in-
telligent farmer and dairyman, and there are thousands of them, discuss
the matters in which they are engaged in a language which was but a few
years since an unknown tongue to them. Carbohydrates and albuminoids,
German standards and nutritive ratio, close and open rations, digestion and

1890.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 45

nutrition — why, the ordinary discussions of to-day at any one of our insti-
tutes, dairy associations, farmers' clubs, and granges would have been
wholly unintelligible twenty, or even ten, years ago, except to a very
limited number.

But has science exhausted itself? Far from it. Take, as has been well
said, that art which is to-day nearest perfection, and you will select the
one which has fellowshipped most closely with science.

But I propose to speak upon the subject, " How Dairying May be Made
More Profitable." Suppose some modern Croesus should to-day, and an-
nually thereafter, go through the agricultural districts of our state and
distribute $50,000,000.00 among the farmers of this state. That would be
$132.00 to each of our farmers. Would we hear much about hard times
among our farmers in such a case? One hundred and thirty-two dollars
would pay taxes, buy a suit of clothes, and in very many cases turn depres-
sion into gladness. The difference between nothing and something is vastly
greater than between something and a great deal. Well, we have these
Croesuses here in this city, but they will not do this, and 'tis vastly better
that they should not, even if they would. Our farmers should know, and
they < annot too soon learn, that the remedy is within their own hands.

Let us take the dairy industry, which chiefly concerns us. The only
statistics we have in this state, and they, upon examination, appear reliable,
show that 1,284 cheese factories gave an average of 3,034 pounds of milk
per cow. These factories received this milk from 407,810 cows, owned by
30,746 farmers, and it is doubtless true that these cows were upon the whole
better than the average of cows in the state, since there would naturally be
more or less intelligent rivalry among the patrons of a factory to secure the
best results. But here are over one quarter of all the cows of the state giv-
ing only 3,034 pounds of milk per cow per annum.

Again, the Dairy Association of this state held thirty-nine conferences,
where butter was made from the cream of seventy of the best dairies of the
state. The average pounds of milk to a pound of butter was 21.17, while
Dairy Commissioner Brown found in twenty-eight butter factories the aver-
age to be something over twenty-five pounds of milk for a pound of butter.
Over 26 per cent of our cows, therefore, do not yield, upon an average, an
annual amount of butter over 121 pounds, or 143 pounds if we assume the
milk to have been as good as was supplied at these conferences, an assump-
tion quite unwarranted.

Gentlemen, we will not here speak of the phenomenal yield which has
recently been announced of 320 pounds of butter in ninety days, or asser-
tion of 196 pounds 13 ounces in ninety days, other than to mention these
as possibilities with some; but what shall we say of 121 pounds as an aver-
age for an entire year ?

There are scores of herds scattered over the country which average fully
300 pounds of butter per cow. Of ten New York dairymen who have furn-
ished me with the details of their work, there were three who turn their
attention to the production of butter, and these three averaged per cow 363

46 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

pounds per annum — from 150 to 200 per cent more than the average of the
state. I have bat recently been lookiag over some records sent me, and
find that one dairyman reports an average for three years, of his entire
herd, which averaged ten cows each year, of 6,017 pounds of milk per an-
num per cow, an average of just twenty pounds of milk per day, and
averaging 303 days in milk; another, for ten years, averaging thirteen and
one-half cows per year, averages 6,310 pounds of milk per cow; while an-
other, for ten years, averaging eight cows a year, receives an average of
6,986 pounds of milk per cow. While such results are gratifying as evi-
dence of what is being done right along year after year, we all know that
these results are by no means rare, although attained by a very small frac-
tion of our dairymen.

First. Then, as to how dairying may be made more profitable, I would
say, improve the quality of the cows. Weed out, by careful selection, the
thousands, yes, hundreds of thousands, even in this state of New York, of
worthless cows; yes, worse than worthless cows. " I cannot afford to keep
a cow which will not give more than 200 pounds of butter a year," writes
an intelligent and prosperous dairyman to me. Well, who can, we may
ask ? And yet at least 25 per cent of the cows of New York are averaging
121 pounds of butter, or its equivalent, per year.

"Well, how do you tell which are the good cows?" finally was asked
me by a gentleman with whom I had been riding two hours in the cars, en-
gaged in discussing this important matter, and this gentleman was Vice-
President of one of the leading dairy associations of the country, but this
was several years ago. He knows now, and for years has known, how to
learn the relative value of the members of his herd. I have already given
you his carefully ascertained statistics. No merchant or banker now more
carefully conducts his business, and his results prove that it has paid him.

Now this first point is one of very great importance, gentlemen, as we all
know. As evidence, let me give you some recent results as ascertained at
our station. In our herd we have two cows, both recently in milk, and I
question whether at auction the one would bring $5.00 more than the
other. They are both beautiful animals.

These cows are side by side in their stalls, receiving the same good care,
the same food, and the same quantities of food, but one gave during a
week's trial 55.4 per cent more milk and 44.8 per cent more butter than did
the other. Upon a second trial, with a change of ration, the one gave 65.6
per cent more milk and 72.1 per cent more butter than the other; and upon
still a third trial, one gave 73.9 per cent more milk and 66.7 per cent moue
butter than did the other.

Upon a fourth trial the one gn,ve 71.8 per cent more milk and 84 per
cent more butter, and, finally, upon the fifth and last trial, the one gave
64.2 per cent more milk and 74.5 per cent more butter.

The average of the five trials shows that one gave 66.2 per cent more
milk and 68.4 per cent more butter than did the other.

1890.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 47

Now you may ask why, then, do we keep this poorer cow ? and I would
say that I am not as yet certain that she is not a source of profit. But if
only the lesson she has taught us could be impressed upon all our dairy-
men, that cow has been worth her weight in gold, and may be well kept to
a good old age as a " horrible example."

Granting that the poorer of these cows barely pays her cost of keeping,
it needs no argument to prove that as a source of profit the other is a
thousand times more valuable. But can anybody doubt that every herd of
cows in the state, whether of one breed or another, or of no breed, will
show even greater difference than those found by us in these two cows ?

These facts must be impressed upon our dairymen, and when they are
fully understood it will result in an increase of millions and millions of
dollars annually to the products of our dairy industry, and revolutionize
the agriculture of the state.

Second. How may dairying become more profitable? I have already
referred to the ten leading dairymen, whose results are most gratifying;
but, as will be seen, they are mainly turning their attention to the secur-
ing of large returns with less care as to the economy of production. That
will receive their attention later, let us hope.

Well, now, one of these ten feeds his cows a daily ration costing 28
cents per cow; while another, getting practically as good results, feeds a
ration costing 14 cents per cow per day — the feed of one costing exactly
100 per cent more than the feed of the other. But a saving of 1 cent a day
upon the dairy cows of New York is over $15,000.00 daily, nearly $6,000,-
000.00 a year. But here is a difference between our most intelligent dairy-
men of 14 cents a day. Still another feeds a ration costing 31J cents a
day, or 125 per cent greater.

Gentlemen, I will not stop long to emphasize the importance of this
matter. Each for himself may estimate the enormous saving which may
be effected without any reduction in the amount of products simply by
careful attention to the compounding of well-balanced rations of those
foods which may be fed with the greatest economy. It is no exaggeration,
but literal truth,»to say that there are millions in it — millions !

Third. How may dairying be made more profitable? Avoid, so far as
we may, an over-stocked and glutted market, first, by ceasing to make a
product which nobody wants at any season of the year — and that fairly
describes about three-fifths of our dairy products.

Whjr, to-day there is being served upon the tables of this city butter of
such varied quality that, to any one who in the dark could tell a bunch of
roses from a jimson weed, there is a difference of a thousand, yes, of ten
thousand, per cent in quality alone.

I was dining at one of the hotels in Boston with a friend during the last
Bay State Fair, when my attention was called to the exceeding excellence
of the butter upon the table; and when an hour later I> was looking over
the dairy exhibit at the fair, I found that this peculiar excellence which

48 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE " [March,

arrested my friend's attention was by the judges allowed, as I remember,
fifty points out of a possible one hundred.

Having, then, improved the quality of your products, place them upon
the market when the best product brings the best prices. All are not
going into winter dairying, and there is room for many thousand dairymen
to enter this field without much crowding.

The silo continues to grow in favor, but still has doubting Thomases,
whom apparently nothing will convince. Well, in explanation it may be
said that there is even now ensilage and ensilage; and I doubt not you
will be interested to learn of our experience at the experiment station at
Geneva, and I think I may safely say that the work of the station has es-
tablished beyond question the immense practical value of the silo. During
the past season careful digestion, experiments were made with orchard
grass, and it was found that the animals digested an average of 314 pounds
of each 2,000 pounds of fresh orchard grass fed them; and a recently con-
cluded experiment has shown that of the corn ensilage which is now
being fed at the station the animals digest of each 2,000 pounds fed them
296 pounds, or a fraction less than 95 per cent of the amount obtained from
orchard grass, and that the amounts of nitrogeneous matter, fats, and car-
bohydrates in both ensilage, as made at the station, and fresh orchard
grass are practically the same, so that our dairymen may, if they will,
carry their animals through the winter upon rations which are practically
the same as those of summer, when our meadows and pastures are at the
best.

This is so important a matter that I venture to give somewhat in detail
the results of the actual digestion experiments with the cows in the experi-
ment with fresh orchard grass and our corn ensilage .

The corn was King Phillip, and it was planted and cultivated precisely
as though intended as a grain crop, and was cut up for the silo at the time
when ordinarily it would have been cut up and placed in shocks for future
husking. At present, by actually weighing out one hundred pounds of the
ensilage and carefully picking out the half inch pieces of ears and any
loose kernels, it is found that thirty pounds of the one hundred consists of
grain and cob.

The following percentage analyses give the composition of the fresh
orchard grass and of corn ensilage as now fed at the station at Geneva:

Albumi- Carbo- Total Dry

Water. Ash. noids. Fiber, hydrates Fats. Matter.

Orchard grass . . 71.48 2.14 2.65 10.23 12.29 1.21 28.52

Corn ensilage . . 77.85 1.16 1.88 5.73 12.46 .92 22.15

The following gives the percentages of the above constituents which
were actually digested by the animals:

Albumi- Carbo- Total Dry

noids. Fiber. hydrates. Fats. Matter.

Orchard grass 60.5 63.4 56.3 56.4 58.8

Corn ensilage 58.7 69.0 71.9 86.5 69.7

1890.T

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

49

The following gives the pounds of each of the nutritive constituents
actually digested by the animals in two thousand pounds of each food:

Albumi-

Carbo-

Nutritive

noids.

Fiber.

hydrates.

Fats.

Total.

Ratio.

Orchard grass .

. . . 32.0

129.8

138.4

13.6

313.8

1: 9.4

Corn ensilage

. . . 22.1

79.0

179.2

16.0

296.3

1:13.6

It will he seen that there was 94.4 per cent as much digested food in one
ton of the ensilage as in the same amount of fresh orchard grass.

Fourth. "What can be done to make dairying more profitable? We
may greatly increase the fertility of our soils, and increase the production
of our meadows and pastures, thus furnishing to our stock more abundant
and more nutritious food. Now we need, certainly in New York state, feel
no alarm about the exhaustion of our arable lands, for the statistics do not
show it to be as yet appreciably great. Agricultural depression is rather
due to the great fall in the prices of farm products rather than in diminished
yield.

The following statistics, taken from a recent publication of the Geneva
station, clearly set this forth so far as New York is concerned, and the same
is true over larger areas of the country :

CHANGES IN YIELD AND VALUE OF FARM CROPS IN NEW YORK.

In the following tables I have given the average acreage yield in bushels
or pounds of our leading crops in the state for the several periods, 1862 to
1870, inclusive, 1871 to 1879, inclusive, and 1880 to 1887, inclusive; also the
average market value of these crops for the same period:

Average Acreage Yield of Leading Crops.

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eg

eg

3

O

O

o

tf

O

M

pq

Ph

w

H

1862-70, .

30.20

14.93

15.15

30.32

22.33

19.77

103.1

2516.

918

1871-79, .

32.94

14.87

13.91

32.96

22.14

18.42

81.7

2404.4

919

1880-87, .

29.60

14.91

12.00

28.83

22.79

13.26

77.4

2225.

1383

Average Market Value of Leading Crops.

1862-70, .

1.088

1.917

1.182

.652

1.240

.889

.63

15.211

.159

1871-79, .

.698

1.364

.810

.428

.856

.708

.552

13.46

.11

1880-87, .

.644

1.028

.718

.40

.746

.638

.52

12.495

.12

50

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

The following table shows the percentage changes which have taken
place during these same periods in yield and market value:

Percentage Chang zs in Yield.

I

4^

(S

0}

co

©

YEABS.

Si

•*>

o3

.a

03

1*

M

P

O
-*^

03

O

03

O

O

o

M

O

m

m

PM

w

H

1862-70, .

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

1871-79, .

109

99

92

109

99

93

79

96

100

1880-87, .

98

100

79

95

102

67

75

88

151

Percentage Changes in Market Value.

1862-70, .

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

1871-79, .

64

71

69

66

69

80

88

89

69

1880-87, .

59

54

61

61

60

72

82

82

76

The above tables may be studied with interest, as helping to explain the
causes which have produced such general depression in the agricultural
community.

It will be seen that, so far as crop-production is concerned, there is little
cause for alarm over diminished yield; for if we consider our five prin-
cipal crops — corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, and hay, the aggregate value of
which is 92 per cent of the total value of our leading farm crops — we shall
find that these five crops had fallen off in their average yield but 1.6 per
cent in the second period over what it was in the first period, and the aver-
age yield of the third period was within 8.8 per cent of what it was in the
first; and this diminished yield is perhaps largely due to less careful culti-
vation, which the low prices of farm products seemed in many cases to ex-
cuse, if it did not justify.

But if we examine the table, we shall see that the average market values
have greatly depreciated, the five crops already mentioned having fallen,
during the second period, in their average market value to 75.6 per cent of
what it was in the first period, and during the last period having dropped
still lower, to an average of 67.6 per cent of what these crops sold for during
the first period.

The average daily wages of farm laborers in thirty-six states for ten
years have been as follows: Year 1879, wages 94 cents; year 1882, wages
$1.07; year 1885, wages $1.05; year 1888, wages $1.06.

From the above it appears that the wages of farm laborers have re-
mained nearly the same during the past ten years.

1890.]

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION.

51

This remarkable shrinkage in the market values of agricultural pro-
ducts, while the cost of production remained practically constant, so far as
the cost of farm labor goes, will alone account for the general complaint
that farming has ceased to be profitable under existing conditions.

But in this connection it must not be forgotten that the productive
power of manual labor upon the farm has been enormously increased
during the past quarter of a century through the introduction upon the
farm of labor-saving machinery of every description; and but for these
appliances it would often appear impossible that the work of the farm at
present could be accomplished.

While, therefore, the actual cost of manual labor remains practically the
same, the results of such labor, aided by all these mechanical appliances,
have been greatly increased, at the same time introducing a new item into
the cost of production, viz., interest and wear and tear of all these imple-
ments of husbandry.

The following table gives in column first the average value of the lead-
ing farm crops of the state for the last twenty-six years according to the
report of the department of agriculture.

The second column gives the number of bushels or pounds of each crop
which could have been bought for $10.00, this being a convenient sum for
comparison; and there is given, also, the number of pounds of ash or min-
eral matter, of phosphoriclacid, potash, and nitrogen in these several quan-
tities.

The estimate for milk is from the American Agriculturist, which gives
3.43 cents per quart as the average value to the producer of milk furnished
New York City during the past twenty-one years:

Average price.

Amount for

$10.00.

CD

a

"a

a
" ft

rn 60

a 2

4^

o
p-

a &

O n3

■§.!

3 °

Ph &

a
o
Ph

s -3
o

Ph

©
Ph

Corn, ....

$0,816 per bus.

12.25 bus.

10.29

10.98

2.86

4.82

Wheat, .

1.452

6.87 " .

1 8.24

8.57

2.58

3.80

Rye, . .

.910

10.99 "

12.32

10.84

3.55

5.62

Oats, . .

.497

20.12 "

21.23

12.36

3.31

4 52

Barley, .

.955

10.47 "

12.58

7.24

2.67

4.25

Buckwheat

, .

.749

13.35 "

8.97

9.23

2.07

4.37

Potatoes,

.569

17.58 "

43.26

3.38

26.35

7.92

Hay, . .

13.769 per ton.

1,452 pounc

s 83.49

24.46

22.79

4.34

Tobacco,

.126

79.37 "

12.86

2.14

4.61

.47

Milk, . .

.0343 per qt.

292 quart

3. 4.40

4.40

1.07

1.88

52

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE

[March,

The following table gives the market value of the several fertilizing
constituents present in $10.00 worth of each of the leading crops:

-a

Corn, . . .
Wheat, . .
Rye, . . .
Oats, . . .
Barley, . .
Buckwheat.
Potatoes, .
Hay, . . .
Tobacco, .
Milk, . .

2.09

.17

1.63

.16

2.06

.21

2.35

.20

1.38

.16

1.75

.12

.64

1.58

4.65

1.37

.40

.28

.84

.06

.39
.30
.45
.36
.34
.35
.64
.35
.04
.15

$2 65
09
72
91
88
22
86
37
72
05

26.5
20.9
27.2
29.1
18.8
22.2
28.6
63.7
7.2
10 5

The practical lessons to be drawn from the above tables are veiy forcible,
and cannot fail to carry conviction to any one who will carefully consider
them. It appears that upon an average the cereals contain an amount of
nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium which, at the current market
price for these materials, is worth almost exactly one-fourth the market
value of the grain (24.1 per cent).

Potatoes contain somewhat more, 28.6 per cent of their average market
value, while the hay crop contains nearly two-thirds (63.7 per cent) of its
average market value. In other words, the farmer would have to pay for
the potash, phosphoric acid, and nitrogen in $10.00 worth of hay $6.37.

It will be seen, also, that milk contains of these fertilizing constituents
only 10.5 per cent of its value — less than one-half the value contained in
the cereals, and less than one-sixth the value of these in the hay.

The practical conclusion is obvious: Increase the area and production
of grass and hay, and feed it.

In view of the above facts, which cannot be controverted, I think I am
safe in saying that during the past twenty-five years not one ton of hay out
of a hundred has been sold by any farmer for a price at which he could
afford to let it leave his farm.

In this connection there yet remains another all-important point, to
which I beg leave to call your special attention. I spoke of increasing the
fertility of our soils, and propose to show how this desirable result may be
brought about.

Our experiments at Geneva have shown that even with growing animals
not 6 per cent of the food consumed by them was retained, and in the case
of four cows giving milk only 9] per cent of the food was utilized in the
production of milk, so that it is safe to estimate that fully 90 per cent, upon

189°] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 53

an average, of all the fertilizing constituents of the food consumed by these
animals was again returned, and if properly preserved may be used to
maintain the productive capacity of the soil.

It was for the purpose of securing this invaluable product of the farm,
as also in connection with the extended feeding experiments with the sev-
eral breeds of cattle and swine, to provide the means by which the amount
and value of this material could be accurately determined, that a method
has been adopted by which it will appear to every one, even upon the most
casual inspection, that every needed facility exists for the preservation of
every pound and pint of manure.

Few, I think, even of our most intelligent farmers, fully appreciate the
great importance of this matter.

In the case of eight animals, the aggregate amount daily of dry matter
in the dung was 53.28 pounds. This contained, as the average of six of
them, 2.025 per cent of nitrogen, or 1.08 pounds, which, at 19 cents per
pound, was worth 20.49 cents; 1.75 per cent of phosphoric acid, or .93
pounds, which, at 8 cents per pound, was worth 7.46 cents; and .96 per
cent of potash, or .51 pounds, which, at 6 cents a pound, was worth 3 07
cents; an aggregate for these three constituents of 31 cents, or 3J cents per
day per cow.

There was also secured a daily aggregate of 108.7 pounds of urine from
six of the animals, in which there was an average of 8.87 per cent of solids,
1.37 per cent of nitrogen, 1.337 per cent of potash, and a small quantity of
phosphoric acid. This would give an aggregate average daily yield of 1.49
pounds of nitrogen, worth 28.31 cents; 1.453 pouDds of potash, worth 8.72
cents, or aggregating daily 37 cents, or 6i cents for each animal. This,
with the 3^ cents already obtained, makes ten cents daily per animal. Now
the market value of the daily rations fed seven of these animals was ex-
actly $1.00, or 14.29 cents per cow, from which it is seen that the fertilizing
constituents in the dung and urine equalled 70 per cent of the market value
of the food fed.

The point which appears to be so clearly established by the above ex-
periment is one of such great importance to our farmers that it will be the
subject of more extended investigation in the future, for which we have
excellent facilities; but at present it appears that the manure from fifty ani-
mals is worth yearly fully $1,834.00, even on as cheap a ration as 14.29
cents per day.

I hardly need to remind you, gentlemen, that the imperfect methods,
even when any are adopted, for saving the most valuable portion are such
that we may safely say that ninety-nine one-hundredths is wasted, and so
careless are we of the remainder, that probably, upon an average, fully one-
half of its fertilizing value is lost — leached away — before it is returned to
the fields. But can any farmer who is keeping fifty head of cattle doubt
that if he could afford annually to buy $1,500.00 worth of commercial fer-
tilizers and apply them to his fields he would very speedily increase the

54 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

productiveness of his lands ? And yet, ten chances to one, this same person
is allowing fully that value of fertilizing elements to go to waste.

Fifth. How may dairying he made more profitable ? In my judgment,
nothing will more speedily bring about this result than that our dairymen
should conduct their business upon business principles. Go into any of
the countless shops of this city and ask the proprietors if they know what
their groceries, their dry goods, their hardware, of which they are selling
millions of dollars worth yearly — ask these men if they know what these
things cost them. Why, they would thin you either in jest, or recently
escaped from an asylum for the insane. Know ? of course they know.

And yet the dairymen of New York State, with nearly, if not quite,
$400,000,000.00 of capital invested in their business — well, let them speak
for themselves, for I might do them injustice. I recently sent out about
1,500 circulars into every section of the state, asking for information which
every dairyman should have been able to give. I received some twenty-five
responses, and these, as I of course expected, in many particulars im-
perfect. Let me read a letter which I received along with one of the replies,
for it covers the whole ground:

"Dr. Collier — Dear Sir: Enclosed I send you one of the New York
dairy statistics, if it is not too late to be of any use. I had this filled out
three months ago, but was waiting for one other blank to be filled, which I
gave out. I have found one other man who will fill out one for me, and I
will send that and another as soon as I get them, but I find on inquiry that
there is not one man in a hundred of the average farmers that knows any-
thing about what his cows eat, or how much it costs to keep them, nor
anything about how much butter or milk his cows yield in the course of a
year. In fact, they don't know anything about his cows, except that they
feed them something and get some milk and butter. But I sincerely hope
we may see a change in the management of cows for profit, and that
the time will come when farmers will keep a record of their cows, and know
when they get a profit for what they feed.

"I see by your last bulletin, No. 18, that you have commenced to get
together a number of animals for the purpose of testing the dairy breeds of
cattle, and as we are a good deal interested in the success of the undertak-
ing, we hope to see you succeed. Yours respectfully,

Now, gentlemen, tell me whether in this city, or in any city, or in any
place on this whole round earth, there is to be found successful business
conducted under the conditions stated by this correspondent ? If it is not
blasphemous, which I hardly question, to pray even for success in such a
case, is it not at least supreme folly to hope to secure it?

And just here pardon me for a moment of fault-finding. In reference
to one of our recent bulletins giving the results which thus far we have
obtained in feeding the young cattle we have under experiment, the editor
of the Holstein-Friesian Register was pleased to say that " this report is of

1890-] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 55

more than ordinary interest to breeders of cattle," but he adds, evidently
by way of a friendly criticism, that "this book of tables requires the most
careful study, for at least a day, for the reader to begin to obtain an idea of
its contents and teachings."

In reply, I would say, and I presume my friend the editor is present,
why bless you, my dear man, do you not remember the case of the Irishman,
who, after a prolonged absence, was revisiting the old country, and being
shown the great changes and improvements which had taken place during
his absence, when at last having had pointed out a new church just com-
pleted, he exclaimed, "Well, that beats the very divil!" when his com-
panion replied: " Ah, Pat, me boy, that was the very intintion."

Here is a bulletin confessedly crammed with information of the greatest
practical value to our dairymen, whose capital is invested in, and whose
labor is given to, this industry; but for the dairyman to possess himself of
this valuable information " it requires the most careful study for at least a
day." Again I ask, is there any business which can be successfully con-
ducted if but a day is given to the careful study of the fundamental prin-
ciples which govern it ? Think of the intense study and thought which,
not for one day, but for every day in the year, is given by the business and
professional men of this city to the details of their work. We hear much
said about the necessity that more of brain and less of hand labor be put
into the work of the farm, and yet a protest arises — friendly it is true,
but none the less a protest — because the dairyman is called upon to devote
two or three of these long winter evenings to a careful study of the prin-
ciples of his business.

Think, too, of the effect upon our young men, who we hope to see devot-
ing themselves to what Washington declared to be "the most noble, the
most healthful, and the most useful occupation of man," if to them the
impression is to be given that their lives are to be spent in a business
demanding less of careful study and offering less reward for the highest
exercise of their intellectual faculties than other fields of labor.

As for myself, after having spent many years of my life in intimate as-
sociation with professional men, college professors, doctors of medicine, and
scientists, with many warm friends among the legal profession, and even
among the clergy, I can truthfully declare that I know of no profession,
occupation, or business which demands for its intelligent conduct and
which offers greater rewards to careful study than does agriculture in its
several branches; none more attractive to a man of well-rounded sym-
metrical intellectual and physical development, totns teres atque rotundus.

Finally, to those of our dairymen who desire — and who of them does not ?
— to make this industry more profitable, I would suggest that they can
learn anywhere in the country how not to do it, but they must disregard all
such testimony, for it is not helpful to the solution of the problem. You all
recall the case of the darkey judge down south in those days of reconstruc-
tion, who dismissed the criminal under arrest for stealing chickens, for
although two witnesses swore positively to having seen him enter the coop

56 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

and come put with the chickens, his clever attorney, also colored, called in
a dozen witnesses who swore that they had never seen him near the coop;
and this balance of testimony appeared to be greatly in favor of the culprit
in the opinion of the judge.

Let us prefer, rather, the course of Napoleon I., who was as great in agri-
culture as in war, and who declared that " agriculture is the basis and
strength of all national prosperity." When he proposed to build the fam-
ous Simplon road across the Alps, and was ridiculed for the visionary pro-
ject, he is reported to have made diligent inquiry among the mountaineers,
and found at least two who had been over, and he thereupon declared
that where two had been, twenty could go, and where twenty could go, he
could carry his army. As a matter of fact that famous road was built and
over it Napoleon marched his army into the plains of Piedmont. Gentle-
men, the dairy industry of to day is confronted with no obstacles Com-
parable with an Alpine range barring the way to success, and hundreds
may be found who have surmounted all these obstacles and are to-day re-
joicing in the fruits of their achievements. Where these have gone, who
may not follow ? What these have done, who may not accomplish ?
Would it not be better, instead of looking to legislatures and congress for
relief from burdens which are largely self-imposed, to see what we ourselves
may do to lift this burden from our shoulders ? And we may by so doing be
able to appreciate those words of the Eoman poet: " 0 ', fortunatos nimium
sua si bona norint, agricolas." Oh, too happy husbandmen, if only they
were not ignorant of their blessings ?

In conclusion, let me very briefly indicate the several points which I
have sought to impress:

First. It is to science that agriculture is indebted for the wonderful ad-
vance she has made during the past half century; and those blessings are
but an earnest of what science has yet in store, so soon as her methods be-
come known and adopted.

Second. The experiment stations of the country are the pioneers blaz-
ing the way of advance along the lines which science shall indicate.

Third. The first duty of the dairyman is, by careful breeding and
selection, to improve the quality of his cows and increase the quantity of
their product.

Fourth. The character of food rations should be carefully studied as re-
gards the quality and quantity of milk and the economy of its production.
Fifth. Produce and market your dairy products when they bring the
best prices, and study the best methods by which their quality may be im-
proved.

Sixth. Increase the fertility of your lands by carefully saving the
manure, and increase the production and acreage of grass and hay, and
feed it, selling only those products of the farm which contain fertilizing
elements of least value.

Seventh. Remember that it is decrease in price, rather than of produc-

1890-1 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 57

tion, which largely causes the present depression, and that greater economy
of production is the only apparent escape from the present condition of
affairs.

Eighth. Conduct your business upon business principles. Keep an ac-
count of your fields and your herds.

Ninth. Study carefully the fundamental principles of your business,
and be not satisfied with other than a practical understanding of the mat-
ter. Vague impressions are of no value.

Tenth. Carefully investigate the methods and practices of those who
are most successful, for you have no time to waste upon those who fail,
other than to learn by comparison the cause of their failure.

A Member: I would like to ask the professor if he would kindly go on
and tell us how he preserved the urine?

Dr. Collier : Our way may not be the most economical, but the main
thing was to show how great the saving was. I think the principle a good
one, though the method may not be; but I have told the board of our sta-
tion — I have told the legislature that if they would make the appropriation
to provide the means, that it would pay its full cost every year. We are
saving practically over $1,500 a year. I got the idea from a cattle-farm in
Bohemia. They had a paved concrete platform, and on the edges of it were
gutters, and at each corner of this platform were large reservoirs — cisterns
— so that any rains that fell on the manure which was on this platform, or
any leachings, would run into these cisterns, and while we were there we
saw a man forcing this liquid up on the top of the manure so as to keep it
from burning. Now that is practically what we have. Instead of the cis-
terns at the corners, we have actually a platform of cobblestones and grout
and cement, the area of which is thirty-six by one hundred feet. It is about
eight inches deep; that is, there is a flanging edge of four feet, so that it will
hold about six inches of water. Within two inches of the overflow there
are traps which allow any liquid, or rain-water, for that matter, to run into
the reservoirs, which are built under the platform, built before the platform
was built. Now, in cpnnection with these three reservoirs — we have one
at each end, and one in the middle, connected by vitrified tile — in the first
one we have vitrified tile running up to a perfectly tight gutter behind our
animals, and the floor of our pig-pens is slightly inclined, and under the
partition separating two pens is a slot an inch and a half wide, and under
this slot there is built in the cobblestone and cement abroad shallow trough
that runs out and goes into a vitrified tile system, and connects with it, so
that the washing of the pens and the liquid manure is all saved to us.

Mr. W. Brown Smith: Mr. President, if I may be allowed, I would
like to ask the doctor a question. It may be a simple one, but the thought
occurred to me when the doctor spoke of orchard grass in regard to corn.
The question is this: Allowing the ground to be equally rich, and in the
same condition, which of the four crops — orchard grass, timothy, clover,
or corn — gives the largest amount of feeding value ?

58 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Dr. Collier: I won't pretend to answer the question, because I hate to
guess; but I should think that the corn would do so. But the point that
I wished to bring out was the great value of this ensilage, that many think
is not of much value, and then, that it has a fair comparison even with
orchard grass.

Mr. W. Brown Smith: Do you consider that equal to timothy or
clover ?

Dr. Collier: Well, I do not like to guess; and we haven't the com-
parison.

Mr. W. Brown Smith: You know what everybody else thinks, don't
you?

DR. Collier: I do not know. There has been a great deal of conflict-
ing testimony about ensilage, and that is the reason why I introduced
this. We are just at this present moment feeding some animals on timothy
hay for the purpose of an exact experiment in regard to its relative value.
I am sorry I cannot give that, but of course we have in one sense just
begun.

Mr. Yeomans: I would like to ask the doctor one question. I would
ask what method he has for preventing the poisonous gases of those cess-
pools into which his pipes run from the barn from escaping back into the
barn for his cattle to breathe ?

Dr. Collier: In the first place, there is absolutely no protection for
that; but I think that if there was any trouble of that sort we should have
recognized it. We hose out those falls quite often, and it is washed out.
More than that, we have had three occasions to empty these cisterns; and
then we have a wind-mill that is connected with one of these cisterns which
is to pump the liquid from these reservoirs into a tank, from which we may
load our cart and carry it to the fields, or draw it over by a hose and wet
down this pile on the platform. We have really not yet tried it, to be per-
fectly frank, to such an extent as to know what the effect would be during
the summer.

Mr. Yeomans: I have great fears it will be a question you will realize
in future years. To explain: We rented a barn fixed on the same plan
that you suggest; for some little time we supposed our cattle were doing
finely, but one morning as we were turning out the cattle one cow dropped
down dead without any apparent cause. The next night another dropped
down dead in the same way, and on third day another one. By that time
the people began to get alarmed, and on examination we found that the
trouble probably came from the cesspools. The cattle were removed, the
cesspool was abandoned and the pipes taken out, and the drops fixed to
take up all the liquid, and we put in absorbents, and it was the last trouble
we had, and the best scientists showed us that our trouble came from that
cause.

1890-J HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 59

Mr. E. A. Powell: There is a difference in standing in a filthy place,
and getting the odors from the cesspool.

Dr. Collier: Do yon think, Mr. Powell, there will be any trouble in
putting an ordinary V trap to prevent that? We have, of course, the ven-
tilators to these cisterns open at the top.

Mr. E. A. Powell: It is a question whether you can have traps to
work that way. It may possibly be done.

Dr. Collier: We have several in our system of tile drains; we
have several traps. If anything happens we can go from one end to the
other of our tile drain, and from trap to trap, and examine it; and it is
flushed out.

Mr. E. A. Powell: If it is thoroughly ushed out. that is a protec-
tion for that.

Dr. Collier: I should think that the V trap, with the liquid that
runs through it, would prevent any fermentation taking place in it. There
is another point: We have over these reservoirs at least a thirty inch square
man-hole, and this pipe is a four inch glazed tile, and it goes at least, I
should say, sixty to seventy-five feet before it reaches the cattle. The
cisterns are ventilated by the man-hole at the top. It has a door which
we could open if we choose. Then, our stables are well ventilated. We
have several ventilating shafts; and, indeed, there is a standing order that
they must be kept so that there is nothing at all offensive even to a man
when he comes in there.

Mr. E. A. Powell: I believe the poisonous vapors are not offensive.

Dr. Collier: At any rate I am glad that Mr. Powell has called atten-
tion to that.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: I would like to ask one question. I think
the speaker stated that he found in comparison of the corn ensilage with
orchard grass, that the corn ensilage was deficient, in having too much
water. I would like to ask how he makes up that deficiency. Another
question that I would like to have answered, and that is whether he has
tried oats as ensilage, and whether that would make up any deficiency in
the foreign ration ?

Dr. Collier: I do not think oats would. That is, you mean as en-
silage ?

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: As ensilage.

Dr. Collier: You misunderstand that. There is not a very great
difference between the orchard grass and the corn ensilage. I want to
state it exactly as it was. There was always the same amount of the
various kinds of feed in the ensilage as in the orchard grass, but the ratio

60 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

is a little wider — more open with the corn than with the orchard grass,
and the orchard grass is too wide anyway; but we corrected both by put-
ting in bran, as the simplest method.

Mr. Edgar Huidekoper: Then would not oats ensilage help to cor-
rect that ?

Dr. Collier: I do not know what the composition of oats ensilage is.
I do not think it would vary much from orchard grass. I do not know
whether it would vary from corn. It depends upon it's analysis. The mat-
ter of the water in ensilage was, to explain, why with a greater percentage of
it being digestible we did not get more digestible matter out of it than out
of the same weight of orchard grass, and that was because there was more
water in the ensilage than in the grass ; but of the total dry matter of the
ensilage, a larger percentage was digested than of the dry matter digested
in the orchard grass.

Mr. C. E. Randall: The professor has compared orchard grass, which
is not known to many. Orchard grass as cut green with cured ensilage in
winter. When we feed ensilage in winter we cannot compare it with
orchard grass to any advantage. We must compare it with what we feed
in winter, which is hay; and there there is a disproportion. It is alarming
to believe that we don't believe in ensilage, when we take two tons to an
acre, and you figure how many tons of ensilage you can raise on that acre.
On my farm I estimate the feeding value of one ton of ensilage, of one
acre of ensilage, to be equal to the feeding value of at least six acres in
hay. That is bringing it down to the way we feed. In other words, you
can raise twenty tons of ensilage on good land, and it is somewhere
between two and three tons of ensilage to a ton of hay in feeding value.

Mr. James Neilson moved that a vote of thanks be tendered to Dr. Col-
lier for his important address, and the motion was put, and carried.

On motion, the meeting adjourned.

Thomas B. Wales, Secretary.

MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFIGERS

HOLSTEIN-MESIAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

Held at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, N. Y..
Tuesday, March 18th, 1890.

The meeting was called to order by President Edgar Huidekoper at 3
p. M.

Present: Edgar Huidekoper, D. H. Burrell, W. Brown Smith, G. D.
Wheeler, C. W. Horr, C. E. Payne, Martin L. Sweet, W. G. Powell, T. G.
Yeomans, and Thomas B. Wales.

The following gentlemen were unanimously elected to membership:

Alexander Forbes, Eureka, California.

Frank H. Burke, ........ Menlo Park, California.

R. H. Allen, Chatham, New Jersey.

F. A. Poth, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

W. H. S. Foster, Fostoria, Ohio.

Guy C. Barton, Omaha, Nebraska.

Willard S. Morse, Denver, Colorado.

William H. Bush, . Denver, Colorado.

A. S. Garritson, Sioux City, Iowa.

Frank Storrs, White Plains, New York.

C. H. Warren, Verona, New York.

George B. Reed, New York, New York.

The application for membership of the Michigan Public School was re-
ferred to a committee composed of Messrs. Horr, Yeomans, Smith, Burrell,
and Wales, as some doubt was entertained whether under our present
charter such an institution could be admitted. The entire .Board expressed
a strong desire that the institution be accepted if it were possible. The
Secretary was inftructed to explain the matter to the Superintendent fully.

A communication was read from D. E. Smith, Esq., President of the
Dominion Holstein-Friesian Association, asking if the Holstein-Friesian
Association of America would establish a branch in Canada, and if so,
upon what terms. A communication was also read from A. Gifford, Esq. ,
Secretary of the same association, asking that the fees for the registy of
bulls be reduced.

62 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

After careful consideration the Board decided that no branch of the
Holstein-Friesian Association of America should be established in Canada,
and the Secretary was requested to so advise the Dominion Holstein-Friesian
Association.

The report of the Committee on the Bonds of the Treasurer, Secretary,
and Superintendent of Advanced Registry was made by Chairman "Watkin
G. Powell, who stated said bonds had been approved.

On motion of C. W. Horr, it was voted that the President of the Associa-
tion be custodian of the bonds of the Treasurer, Secretary, and Superin-
tendent of the Advanced Registry.

On motion of Mr. C. W. Horr, the Secretary was instructed to authorize
Mr. S. Burchard to secure a steer for the New York Experiment Station
from the herd of William M. Singerly, of Philadelphia. Motion amended
by W. Brown Smith giving Burchard authority to secure such steer from
any herd at not over beef price. Motion passed as amended.

The request of Messrs. J. B. Dutcher & Son that five registered animals
be registered under new names was granted, provided the animals were en-
titled to the names proposed, and on the payment of the fees called for by
the by-laws of the Association.

The Board unanimously agreed to recommend to" the Association that
all fees for the registry and for the transfer of animals in the Herd-Book
remain as now called for in the by-laws; also that the bounty for the
slaughter and castration of bull calves remain the same as at present.

The Board fixed the salaries of the officers of the Association, for the
ensuing year, the same as paid last year.

Adjourned to 8:30 A. M., March 19th, 1890.

Thomas B. Wales,

Secretary.

ADJOURNED MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS.

Held March 19th, 1890, at 8:30 A. M.

Present: Messrs. Huidekoper, Wheeler, Frye, Burrell, Horr, Smith,
Sweet, Payne, Powell, Hoxie, and Wales.

Mr. F. L. Houghton was heard in relation to the work of the Holstein-
Friesian Register.

On motion of C. W. Horr, after a careful consideration of the entire
subject, it was voted that the Board unanimously recommend the Asso-
ciation to appropriate the sum of $1,250.00 to increase the circulation of
the Holstein-Friesian Register.

The Board then adjourned.

Thomas B. Wales,

Secretary.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS

OF THE

HOLSTEIMRIESJAN ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA,

Held at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, N. Y.,
March 19th, 1890.

The meeting was called to order by President D. H. Burrell.

Present: Messrs. G. D. Wheeler, John A. Frye, C. W. Horr, C. R. Payne,
Martin L. Sweet, W. G. Powell, W. B. Smith, J. B. Dutcher, L. T. Yeo-
mans, S. Hoxie, and Thomas B. Wales.

On motion of Mr. C. W. Horr, a committee of three was appointed by
the chair to recommend to the Board, at an adjourned meeting, a list of
special premiums to be offered by the Association for the year 1890.

The committee named was C. W. Horr, C. R. Payne, John A. Frye.

The chair appointed a committee composed of L. T. Yeomans, S. Hoxie,
and W. G. Powell to report to the Board at an adjourned meeting a plan
for expending the $2,000.00 appropriated by the Association for the benefit
of the Holstein- Friesian Register.

On motion of Mr. S. Hoxie, duly seconded, the following persons were
elected Inspectors of Advanced Registry and of Imported Cattle for the
ensuing year:

O. P. Chapman, . Wellington, Ohio.

S. Buechard Hamilton, New York.

S. N. Weight, . Elgin, Illinois.

J. C. Poor, North Andover, Massachusetts.

Carey R. Smith, Santa Ana, California.

H. B. Daggett, Hampton, Iowa.

J. R. Beuchler, Leesburg, Virginia.

J. L. Stone, Waverly, Pennsylvania.

A. R. Sturtevant, Springboro, Pennsylvania.

A. Bradley, Lee, Massachusetts.

H. D. Warner, Lanesville, Connecticut.

W. A. Rowley, Mt. Clemens, Michigan.

T. N. Figuers, Spring Hill, Tennessee.

W. M. Liggett, Benson, Minnesota.

5

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

Mr. Hoxie was authorized to name an inspector for Texas and adjoining
states if necessary.

The committee appointed to examine the accounts of the Secretary re-
ported through its chairman, Mr. J. B. Dutcher, that the accounts were
found to be correct.

On motion, the report of the committee was accepted and the committee
discharged.

The meeting then adjourned to meet at 7:30 P_ M,

ADJOURNED MEETING OF THE BOARD OF OFFICERS.
The same members were present.

The Committee on the Appropriation for the Holstein-Friesian Register
reported through its chairman, Mr. L. T. Yeomans, as follows:

" Your committee recommend the following, relative to the expenditure
of the amount appropriated for subscriptions to the Holstein-Friesian
Register :

" That each member of the Association be asked by circular-letter, to be
issued by the Secretary, to forward to Mr. Houghton within sixty days the
names of forty dairymen to whom the member wishes the Register sent for
three months, and informed if such list is not received by Mr. Houghton
within sixty days, names will be procured from other sources.

" First. Mr. Hougton shall furnish for three months two thousand five
hundred copies of the Register to names from his private list of dairymen.

" Second. Two thousand five hundred copies for the next three months
to names furnished to him by members of the Association in response to
the circular of the Secretary; provided that if the number of two thousand
five hundred names shall not have been received from the members of the
Association, Mr. Houghton may make up such number from his private list
of dairymen.

il Third. If not more than two thousand five hundred names have been
received from members, the last preceding list shall be furnished for another
period of three mouths, but names from members shall have preference over
others.

" Fourth. Two thousand five hundred copies for the last three months
to names to be furnished by Mr. D. H. Burrell and Mr. C. W. Horr, and
any deficiency in this list may be made up from the private list of Mr.
Houghton.

" The Association shall pay Mr. Houghton for each copy furnished for
an entire year the sum of 80 cents. Mr. Houghton shall forward all letters
and the lists to the Secretary, accompanied by a certificate of the number

1890.] HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASSOCIATION. 67

of copies furnished, and the Secretary shall give Mr. Houghton, at the end
of each quarter, an order on the Treasurer of the Association for the
amount due him.

" Mr. Houghton shall print and mail to each person to whom a copy is
thus furnished a circular-note informing him that the Holstein-Friesian
Register is furnished to him free with the compliments of the Holstein-
Friesian Association. The expense of printing and mailing such notices
shall not exceed $100.00, to be paid by the Association.
" Respectfully submitted,

"L. T. Yeomans, ~\

"S. Hoxie, > Committee.''

"W. G. Powell, 1

On motion, the report was accepted.

The Committee of the Board on Special Premiums reported through its
chairman, C. W. Horr, that in its judgment premiums should be offered as
follows:

At each of the fairs below named the Holstein-Friesian Association of
America will duplicate any premium won by a herd of registered Holstein-
Friesian cattle offered by said fair, to the extent of $100.00 at each fair,
provided a premium of not less than $50.00 is offered for herds of dairy
breeds:

New England Fair, New York State Fair, Pennsylvania State Fair, Ohio
State Fair, Michigan State Fair, Illinois State Fair, Minnesota State Fair,
Iowa State Fair, California State Fair, St. Louis Exposition, Toronto Ex-
position. Also at the state fairs of the three other states owning the greatest
number of Holstein-Friesian cattle not named above.

It was voted to adopt the report of the committee.

On motion of W. G. Powell, it was voted that when the Board adjourn
it be to meet at Syracuse, New York, at 2 o'clock p. M. on the day previous
to the meeting of the Association, and at such place in the city of Syracuse
as may be named by the Secretary.

The committee appointed to examine the accounts of the Treasurer and
the Superintendent of Advanced Registry reported through its chairman,
C. E. Rumsey, that the accounts had been found correct.

It was voted that the report of the committee be accepted and the com-
mittee discharged.

The Committee on Bonds of the Treasurer, Secretary, and Superin-
tendent of Advanced Registry reported through its chairman, W. B
Powell, that the bonds furnished were found to be satisfactory, and recom-
mended that the said bonds be placed with the President of the Association,
as per vote of the Association.

The report of the committee was accepted and the committee discharged.

68 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE [March,

The Secretary asked that a list of names be agreed upon for recom-
mendation to fairs as competent and reliable men to act as judges.

To the duly elected Inspectors of the Association the following were
added for judges: . Messrs. 8. K. Warner, Arnold Eaton, H. Langworthy,
Bruce Phillips, L. T. Payne, E. S. Perry, Robert Burch, R. T. Haviland,
James Eagan, and G. S. Miller.

The application for tbe registry of an animal made by Mr. George D.
Rainsford, lacking the signature of the breeder, was rejected.

It was voted that the Secretary have a sufficient number of reports of
the meeting printed for general distribution.

The Board then adjourned.

Thomas B. Wales,

Secretary.

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