31EDbbDDS141553 ^' '^ -J -•^ ^Ktl i^^MM irijff ' MTi^B , ■ ' A^' K ^ : "'''^^;--^^./' .o^'^'^^^ jges" DATE DUE 1 UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY SB 354 A47 V.12 1869 AMEEICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. /2- PROCEEDINGS TWELFTH SESSION American Pomological Society HORTICULTURAL HALL, PHILADELPHIA, PA., SEPTEMBER 15-17, 1869. PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY. BOSTON: SAM'L CHISM, — FRANKLIN PRINTING HOUSE, No. 134 Washington Stkeet. 1869. S<.<| LIBRARY UHiVF^SlTY OF CIKCULAR OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Whereas, the American Pomological Society, at its last meeting, accepted the invitation of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society to hold its next session in the city of Philadelphia ; and whereas, the latter Institution has generously proffered accommodations for us in its elegant, new, and spacious hall : therefore, the undersigned hereby give notice that the Twelfth Session of the American Pomological Society will be held in Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa., on the fifteenth day of September, 1869, commencing at eleven o'clock, a.m., and continuing for three days. The present session promises to be one of the most auspicious, in point of numbers, intelligence, and impor- tance, which the Society has held. From all parts of the country, assurances are given of cordial co-operation and aid. Delegations have already been appointed from several States, among which we may name Kansas, whose Legislature has nobly appropriated five hundred dollars to defray the ex- penses of her representatives. The Exhibition of the Penn- sylvania Horticultural Society will also take place at the same time, which will add further interest to the occasion. All Horticultural, Pomological, Agricultural, and other kindred institutions in the United States and British Pro- vinces, are invited to send delegations, as large as they may 6 CIRCULAR. deem expedient ; and all other persons interested in the cultivation of fruits are invited to be present and take seats in the Convention. And now that our Southern brethren, after a painful sep- aration of years, are again united with us in full fellowship and communion, we invite all the States and Territories to be present, by delegation, that the amicable and social rela- tions which have l;eretofore existed between our members throughout the Union may be fostered and perpetuated, and the result of our deliberations, so beneficial to the country at large, be generally and widely diffused. Among the prominent subjects which will come before the Society at this session, will be that of the further revision of the Society's Catalogue of Fruits. For the purpose of aiding in this most desirable object, an ad-interim meeting of the Officers and Fruit Committees was held in the city of New York, on the 10th day of February last, the result of which will be made known at this time. The special Committee appointed for this purpose are now, with the various State and local Committees, actively engaged in collecting such information as will aid in determining what varieties are best adapted to the different sections and districts of our country ; and this information, in the form of reports, will also be submitted to the action of the Convention. The several State Pomological and Horticultural Associations are re- quested to compile lists for their own States or Districts, and forward them, at as early day as possible, to P. Barry, of Rochester, N.Y., Chairman of the Committee on the Revision of the Catalogue. Members and delegates are requested to contribute speci- mens of the fruits of their respective districts, and to com- municate in regard to them whatever may aid in promoting the objects of the Society and the science of American Pomology. Each contributor is requested to come prepared with a complete list of his collection, and to present the same with his fruits, that a report of all the varieties entered may be submitted to the meeting as soon as practicable. CIRCULAR, / All persons desirous of becoming members can remit the admission fee to Thomas P. James, Esq., Treasurer, Phila- delphia, who will furnish them with Transactions of the Society. Life Membership, Ten Dollars ; Bienaial, Two Dollars. Packages of fruits, with the name of the contributor, may be addressed as follows : " American Pomological Society, care of Thomas A. Andrews, Horticultural Hall, Phila- delphia, Pa." Arrangements have been made with several hotels in Philadelphia for a reduction in price of board. Similar negotiations with the various railroad corporations are also in progress, and of which due notice will be given. Marshall P. Wilder, President, Boston, Mass. F. R. Elliott, Secretary, Cleveland, O. PROCEEDINGS AlEEICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. In accordance with the preceding call, members and dele- gates representing twenty-one States and Territories, and thirty-two associations for the promotion of horticultural knowledge, assembled in the Horticultural Hall of the Penn- sylvania Horticultural Society, at Philadelphia, Pa., Septem- ber 15th, at ten o'clock, a.m., 1869. The President, Hon. Marshall Pinckney Wilder, of Massachusetts, took the chair, and, after calling the Society to order, said : " I am most happy to meet so many who have come up to this twelfth session of the American Pomological Society to co-op- erate with us in the business of the Institution. From what- ever section you come, whether from the sunny plantations of the South, from the temperate zone of the Middle States, from the cooler northern regions, or from the great vallej-s and fertile fields and golden shores of the ever-expanding West, I greet you all with a right hearty welcome [applause] ; but, gentle- men, as I must, by my obligations, address you in a more formal way, I shall occupj' no more time at the present moment. But I beg to introduce to you the Hon. Mr. Schaffer, the President of the Pennsjdvania Horticultural Society." WELCOME ADDRESS OF HONORABLE WILLIAM L. SCHAFFER. Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Pomological Society : — It becomes a pleasure, on my part, as the President of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, to welcome jon all most heartily to the City of Brotherly Love. "We are ail glad to see 10 PROCEEDINGS. you, as a society and individually. We shall be happy, most happy, all of us, to make your stay here pleasant and agreeable. We ai'e all engaged in a kindred pursuit : you, more particu- larly, in pomology ; we in pomology as well as the cultivation of flowers, as you will pei'ceive by our exhibition. Our institu- tions will all be open to you most freely. The Academy of Natural Sciences have extended, very kindly, an invitation to you to visit their rooms. The Girard College Directors will all be pleased to see j^ou. You are invited to Independence Hall, where our Mayor will welcome you most heartily. The Corn Exchange, the Mercantile Librar}?^, and the other public institu- tions, are open to you. The charitable institutions have ex- tended invitations to j'ou. Is there any thing else that the city can do for you more than has been done by its public invita- tions ? If there is any special place you wish to see, just notify us, and we shall be happy to endeavor to meet your wishes. We are happy, thrice happy are we, to meet you and to welcome you to the city of Philadelphia ; and I sincerely trust, that when you return to your families, in your widely separated homes, you will all realize that the time spent with us has been pleasantly and profitably consumed. [Applause.] EESPOXSE OF preside:st wilder. Mr. President : — In behalf of the American Pomological Society, and in my own behalf, I return 3'ou our warmest acknowledgments for this kind expression of welcome, and for the extensive, elegant, and commodious accommodations you have prepared for this Society. The Pennsylvania Horticultural Societ}^ is one of the founders of this institution, and has stood right manfully by it, shoulder to shoulder, for twenty-one years. We were, therefore, most happy to accept your invitation, and to assemble in this city, so renowned for art, science, patriotism, and philanthropy, — renowned alike as the home of American Agriculture, American Horticulture, and American Independence. [Applause.] We, I saj^, were, therefore, most happy to accept your invitation, and to assemble here, under your generous hospitalities, for the third time. I must not trespass upon the present time, but will at least unite with 3'ou, sir, in tlie hope that this convention may be instructive to ourselves, and, let me sa}^ an honor to ourselves, and productive of good to the whole country. PROCEEDINGS. 11 I have now to invite the officers and the Vice-President of the American Poraological Society to take seats on the platform, and also the officers of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. APPOINTMENT OF COMMITTEES. The following Committees were then appointed by the Chair : — ON CREDENTIALS. William Saunders, of District Columbia ; J. S. Houghton, of Penn. ; Stephen Underbill, of New York. ox BUSINESS. P. J. Berckmans, of Ga. ; E,. Buist, of Pa. ; J. A. Warder, of O. ; C. M. Hovey, of Mass. ; F. Davis, of Va. ; M. Miller, of Iowa ; P. T. Quinn, of N.J. ; D. B. Wier, of 111. ; Anthony, of Kansas. ON NOMINATIONS FOR OFFICERS. P. Barry, N.Y. ; S. Moore, E.I. ; W. C. Strong, Mass. ; r. Trowbridge, Conn. ; Wm. Parry, N. Jersey ; T. Meeban, Pa. ; G. W. Campbell, Ohio ; Wm. Saunders, Dist. Col. ; J. S. Downer, Ky. ; M. Friersou, Tenn. ; G. W. B. Leighton, Va. ; P. J. Berckmans, Ga. ; E. Tatnall, Del. ; Dr. Wylie, S.C. ; D. B. Wier, 111. ; C. B. Lines, Kansas ; J. H. Mills,' c.w. During the absence of the Committee on Business, mem- bers' fees were received by the Treasurer, and credentials of delegates handed in for the record of that Committee. PROPOSITION TO CHANGE NAME. Mr. S. B. Parsons, of Flushing, L.I., made a few remarks, suggesting that, as every fruit-grower was also a grower of ornamental trees and plants for decoration of home grounds, the Society extend its labors ; and instead of embracino- simply Pomology, it should include general Horticulture. He did not wish the suggestion to be acted upon at once, but 12 PROCEEDINGS. thought it advisable for the Convention to consider the matter. Mr. Campbell, of Ohio, moved to refer the matter to the Executive Committee, with full power to act and report. Agreed to. REPORT OF BUSINESS COMMITTEE. The Secretary of the Business Committee, P. J. Quinn, reported as follows : — The Committee on Business recommend the following rules and regulations for the government of the members of the twelfth biennial session of the American Pomological So- ciety : Hours of Meeting. — Nine, a.m., and three, p.m. KuLES for Speaking. — Five minutes, and no person to speak more than twice on the same subject. Wednesday, AT three, p.m. — Address of the President; at the close of which an Election of Officers will take place. Then reading of Treasurer's Report. Discussion in regard to place of holding the next meeting, and dis- cussion on apples. Thursday, a.m. — Discussion on apples continued. Then discussion on pears, grapes, peaches, plums, cherries, straw- berries, raspberries, blackberries, currants, gooseberries, etc. ; these subjects to be continued until the close of the session, when no other important business is before the Society. Friday, A.M. — Eeports of committees, resolutions and miscella- neous business. A motion was unanimously adopted that all essays be re- ferred, without reading, to the proper committees. P. J. Berckmans, Chairman. P. T. Quinn, Secretary. On motion, the Convention adjourned to three, p.m. AFTERNOON SESSION. At three, p.m., the members of the Society and a large nuijjber of members of the Pennsylvania Horticultural So- ciety, and citizens of Philadelphia, re-assembled, when, after calling the Society to order, the President, Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, pronounced the following address. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Gentlemen of the American Pomological Society : — The earth hath again yielded her increase, and the trees of the field their fruit. Spring hath sown, summer hath ripened, and autumn is garnering a bountiful harvest. Twenty-one years have elapsed since the organization of this Society ; and now, as it has ripened into manhood, we meet for the third time in this goodly city, renowned alike as the birthplace of American Independence, and as the home of the first general efforts for the promotion of American Agriculture and Horticulture. Many who aided in the es- tablishment of this Society have ceased from their labors ; but all are not gone. Some, whose hands hands helped rock the cradle of its infancy, and whose wise counsels have aided in forAvarding it to its present auspicious maturity, — some of the founders, men who have stood as strong pillars of our institutions, are here to-day, to witness the progress and to rejoice in the prosperity of the association. DECEASED MEMBERS. While we would gratefully recognize the merciful provi- dence which has preserved the lives of so many of the founders of this institution, and permitted us to assemble in council once more, we are reminded of the absence of one who has been our associate from the beginning. I allude to William Robert Prince, who is now no more. Mr. Prince died suddenly at his residence, Flushing, L.I., New York, on the 28th of last March, aged seventy-four years. Mr. Prince has been known for half a century in connec- 14 president's address. tion with the Linngean nursurics founded by his father, William Prince, and during this whole period has been dis- tinguished as a writer on horticultural subjects. His " Treatise on the Vine," published in 1830, and his " Pomo- logical Manual," descriptive of the fruits of the United States in 1832, are works evincing a great amount of re- search, ability, and information. He was the eldest so,n of one of the most distinsruished horticulturists in our country, and inherited a love of rural art, which endured through his life. His researches and in- formation were alike extensive. He kept pace with the age in the acquisition of knowledge ; and it may truthfully be said, that few men in any land have been so thoroughly ac- quainted with the march of rural progress, or so widely known in the horticultural world. He was one of the founders of this institution, and has attended most of its meetings, and shared largely in its discussions. Mr. Prince was ready and able in debate, and wielded a vigorous and prolific pen. However we may have differed with him in principles or practice, all will accord to him the merit of a frank, open, decided expression of opinion ; and we concur with Mr. Meehan, editor of the Gardener'' s Monthly, "that full justice had never been done to his real worth in the horticultural world." For more than half a century he was connected with American horticulture, and, until recently, was an active and influential laborer in the cause ; and, as an evidence of Mr. Prince's taste for rural pursuits, we be- lieve he never sought position or preferment in any other employment. He was gentlemanly in his manners, social in disposition, but in debate sometimes a little severe and pun- gent, and to the close of life kept his armor on, ready for combat in defence of his own opinions. His name will be remembered among the leading pioneers of American Horti- culture. His life has been long, active, fitful. Honor to his rffemory for the good he has done. Peace to his restless spirit. We have also to add to our necrological record the name president's address. 15 of Henry Howland Crapo, Ex-Governor of Michigan, in which State he died in July last. Mr. Crapo was sixty-five years of age at the time of his decease. He formerly resided in New Bedford, Mass., where he was actively engaged in the culture of trees and fruits. He was one of the founders of this Society, and the first Vice-President for Massachu- setts, but removed to Michigan about twelve years since. He was a gentleman of great enterprise and public spirit, and soon rose to distinction in political life ; but he still retained his love for agricultural and horticultural pursuits, entering with enthusiasm into every thing which pertained to the im- provement of the soil, the products, and the material interests of our land. He was beloved by all who knew him, leaving an unblemished reputation both in public and private life. IMPORTANCE OF A NATIONAL SOCIETY. Most happy am I to meet, on this occasion, so many who have come up to co-operate with us in our efforts for im- provement. Especially would I congratulate you on the re- union with our Southern brethren, whose absence, from what- ever cause, we have greatly deplored. Again their voices respond to our call, again their hearts beat in unison Avith ours, and again their presence cheers and encourages us in our noble work. And here let me express the desire, that our brother pomologists throughout the length and breadth of the South, will give us the results of their experience ; and let me repeat the hope expressed in my last address, that, at no distant day, our meetings may be held in the South, amidst the peculiar fruits of that region, so favored in its soil and climate. How salutary the influence of such associations ! Who that has witnessed the operations of this Society, can for a moment doubt the usefulness and importance of these national gatherings ? The great practical truth of the present genera- tion, said Daniel Webster, is, that public improvements are brought about by voluntary combinations and associations. " The principle of association," said he, " the practice of 16 president's address. bringing together men bent on the same general object, uniting their physical and intellectual efforts to that purpose, is a great improvement in our age." So say we. If there were not an apple, or pear, or grape on exhibition, the stimu- lation of thought produced by the contact of mind with mind, and the information acquired by the free interchange of experience, is far more valuable than the same amount of knowledge derived from books. It is this centralization of action which has produced the wonderful progress of our age ; but in a national society which embraces the whole country for its domain, we have the additional motive of patriotism, to bring us to our biennial meetings, where, by the exchange of cordial greetings and the influence of co-operative exer- tions, the representatives from the distant parts of our widely extended country become kindly affiliated ; and where, on the broad platform of common philanthropy, free from sectional prejudices and party animosities, we become, in- directly, but not the less effectually, united in the bonds of friendship and reciprocal regard ; and where, from loving the cause in which we are engaged, we have learned to love each other. The importance and usefulness of a National Pomological Society is never questioned by those who from the beginning have labored with us in the acquisition of valuable informa- tion. If there be any who doubt, we commend to such the brief summary of its work for the last nineteen years, given in my last biennial address. When we consider what has been accomplished, who can set bounds to the progress Avhich may be attained during the remainder of this century ! An entire revolution in the cultivation of fruits has taken place since the establishment of our Society. Where trees and vines were then purchased by the dozen or hundred, they are now sold by the thousand. Where the stock of nursery- men could be summed in thousands, it is now enumer- ated by millions of trees and vines. Where the grape was scarcely grown a few years since, now thousands of hill- sides, from the base to the summit, are clad with the verd- president's address. 17 ure of the vine, and the vintage of the golden western slope promises ere long to rival in value the riches of its mines. Where fruits were considered as only a luxury for the opu- lent, they have now become not only a sanitary condiment, but a daily necessity of the meal. The object of this Society is to encourage the culture of fine fruits, so that they may be placed within the reach of all classes, freely and abund- antly, the poor as well as the rich. The work is indeed of great magnitude. With a country so varied in soil and cli- mate, capable of producing almost all the fruits of the globe, constantly opening up to us new resources and demands, we have occasion for new, constant, and untiring energy and enterprise. REVISION OF CATALOGUE. In the month of February last, an ad-interim meeting of the officers and Fruit Committee of the Society, with other gentle- men, was held in the city of New York, for the purpose of perfecting our catalogues of fruit, preparatory to the present session. There was a full attendance, made up principally of distinguished pomologists from the different sections of the Union. After a laborious session of two days and evenings, the meeting was adjourned, and the result of its labors will be made known at this time. The assembling of so many prom- inent men, eminent for their intelligence and experience, at no small expense of time and money, and for the perform- ance of a great national duty, gave unmistakable evidence of the willingness of these gentlemen to make sacrifices for the promotion of the beneficent objects for which the Society was established. These worthy and self-sacrificing labors for the advancement of pomological science and the welfare of our country, cannot be too highly appreciated. Much as we esteem other kindred institutions, heartily as we welcome their co-operative aid and exertions, so beneficial in their own respective districts and in our deliberations, yet the American Pomological Society should enroll in its ranks the representatives not only of these organizations, but should 18 president's address. extend its influence and patronage throughout our territory, that all may rally under the broad ensign of its nationality, and thus build up and perpetuate a standard of pomology for our whole country. To this concert of action our society must ever look for the elements of progress and usefulness. Our onward march may not have been so rapid as we could have desired ; but when we consider the vast and ever-ex- panding boundaries of our jurisdiction, and the difficulties attendant upon the carrying forward and sustaining a society in its early history, we should take courage from the success which has attended our past operations. And who that compares the imperfect condition of pomological science and the chaotic state of our catalogues of fruits at the time of our organization, with the correct, well-defined, and systematic knowledge of the present day, can fail to see the advance which has been made through the influence of the deliberations and conclusions of this society. The great majority of the people must be dependent on a few good varieties for their supply, and it is our province to search out from the host of new sorts those Avhich are the most valuable for this purpose. The work of ascertaining these, and of assigning them their appropriate locations, is the legitimate and proper duty of this Society. This is con- stantly progressing, as will be seen by our forthcoming Cata- logue, and is of the most encouraging character. INCONSTANCY OF SEASONS. But we meet here an obstacle which will probably continue to exist, — the inconstancy of the seasons. We should not, however, be discouraged by this. Cycles of favorable and unfavorable years have always existed, both in this and other lands. While one section or country suffers with drought, jinother is almost submerged in water. Such was the case in 1867 and 1868, between the West and East, — the former parched with drought, the latter drenched with rain, thirteen and a half inches having fallen in September of the last year. president's address. 19 against three and a half inches, the average amount per month for fifteen years ; and now the West is suffering with too much moisture, while New England has been blessed with a most propitious season, until the late terrific hurricane which swept the fruit from the trees on its eastern borders. Great allowances should therefore be made for this fickleness of the seasons, as well as for the non-adaptation of varieties to localities. DETERIORATION OF VARIETIES. We have also another difficulty to encounter ; namely, the deterioration of varieties. However we may theorize in re- gard to this matter, it must be admitted, from the practical point of view, that some fruits have so declined as to render it absolutely necessary to replace them with new varieties. And what has been true in the past will be so in the future. Witness certain kinds of pears in our own day, — the St. Germain, Crassane, Brown Beurre, White Doyenne, and others, — once so excellent : where are they now ? Some of these are occasionally to be seen on the virgin soils of the West and South ; yet for the great majority of locations they will continue to be worthless. And even on these new soils, where they now flourish in their pristine excellence, we have reason, judging of the future from the past, to an- ticipate that no long time will elapse before this decline will reach these now favored regions.,^ Within less than a gener- ation, the pears alluded to flourished throughout Western New York, as well as, in their early history, on the propi- tious soils of France. And even among the more modern pears we notice — as, for instance, in the Beurre Diel and Flemish Beauty — signs of the same decade^qice. And so with the grape. Where the Catawba and Isabella grapes once succeeded perfectly, they seem now to be failing, and, in many sections of our country, are no more to be relied on. Even the Concord, now so popular, indicates that in time it may follow in the same degenerate strain. While we indulge in these forebodings, we cannot but 20 peesident's address. express the deep regret we feel for the loss of such fine fruits. Other fine fruits ,are following in the same course. This should not discourage us, but rather increase our en- terprise for the production of new sorts, to keep up with the deterioration which seems incident to cultivation. The mission of our Society is to learn not only what varie- ties succeed in certain states and districts, but throughout the country. Already we have ascertained that some kinds flourish throughout a wide range of territory ; for instance, the Red Astrachan apple and Bartlett pear seem to prosper everywhere. When we reflect on the wide expanse of ter- ritory daily becoming susceptible of cultivation, and that our fruits must ultimately be spread over these vast fields, it be- comes a matter of great importance to increase our native fruits, some of which may be suited to these regions, and thus replace those which may decline. We therefore give a hearty welcome to the efforts of all who are laboring in this praiseworthy cause. BENEFACTORS OF MANKIND. We rejoice that we enroll among our members so many who are engaged in the benevolent enterprise of producing new varieties of fruits. Especially would we recognize the eminent services of those associates who are devoting their lives to the study of vegetable physiology and of the insect tribes, and on whose patient investigation we so much depend for the discovery and cure of diseases, and the destruction of insects injurious to our fruits. Nor can we too highly appreciate the lives and services of those pioneers in pomology, by whose intelligence and zeal most of our fine fruits have been originated or disseminated, — of Van Mons and Esperen of Belgium, of Duhamel and Poiteau of France, of Knight and Lindley of England, of Cox, Prince, Dearborn, Lowell, Manning, and Downing, of the United States, and of others now living, whose praise is in the mouths of all. What millions have rejoiced in the peesident's address. 21 fruitage of the Summer Bon Chretien and Autumn Berga- mot pear, coeval in history with the Roman Emjiire ; the Newtown Pippin and Baldwin apple, the Doyenne and Bart- lett pear, the Isabella, Catawba, Concord, and Scuppernong grape, in our own time ! Who can estimate the importance and value of a new variety of fruit, which shall be adapted to the Avide range of our rapidly extending cultivation ! He who shall originate a new apple, pear, or grape, which shall be worthy of being handed down to posterity, should be held in remembrance as a benefactor of mankind, as well as a Franklin, Fulton, Morse, or Field. He who shall discover a remedy for the pear-blight and other diseases incident to vegetation, which now affect our trees, or an easy method for the destruction of the horde of insects so alarmingly injurious to our fruit crops, shall have his name transmitted to future time as second only to those who discover methods for the allevia- tion and cure of diseases which affect the human system. What greater temporal comforts can we leave to our heirs than the fruits of the orchard and garden ! What more valuable testimonials of a philanthropic life than the trees we plant for future generations ! Trees are the best land- marks of a noble civilization. Trees are a rich legacy to our heirs. Trees are living monuments to our memories. Fruits are perpetual mementoes to our praise. The man who plants a fruit-tree is a benefactor of his race ; and when we shall have gone to our rest, when the fragrance of vernal bloom shall no longer delight the senses, when the verdure of leafy summer shall no longer inspire the soul, when the afolden harvest of mellow autumn shall no lonsrer gladden the sight, the tree shall live to bless those who shall follow us. And when, in after ages, posterity shall recline under the shade of the trees planted by our hands, and gather from their bending branches the luscious fruit, will not some grateful heart remember the giver, and ask, " fPlio planted that old apple-tree ? " How beautifully is this senti- ment portrayed by our own poet Bryaat : — 22 president's address. " What plant we in this apple-tree ? Sweets for a hundred flowery springs, To load the May-wind's restless wings. When, from the orchard row, he pours Its fragrance through our open doors." " W^hat plant we in this apple-tree ? Fruits that shall swell in sunny June, And redden in the August noon. And drop, when gentle airs come by, That fan the blue September sky ; While children come, with cries of glee, And seek them where the fragrant grass Betrays their bed to those who pass, At the foot of the apple-tree." And "when the thousands Avho have enjoyed its fruits and shared its blessings, are buried, like its own roots, deep in the bosom of mother earth, — " The children of some distant day, Thus to some aged man shall say : ' Who planted this old apple-tree ?' " PROGRESS OF POMOLOGY, I have, on a former occasion, alluded to the wonderful progress of pomology in our day, and I deem it proper, although at the risk of repeating previous statements, to erect, as it were, some landmarks by which we and those M'ho come after us can meosure its advancement. With all the boasted civilization of Greece and Rome, we are far in advance of their highest standard, in all that tends to the real comforts of life and the elevation of our race. The science of pomology forms no exception to this remark ; indeed, the improvement since the time of Pliny and Col- umella is infinite. From the fall of the Roman Empire to the. close of the seventeenth century, it is true we know but little of its progress ; for this, like all other arts and sciences, was hidden by the darkness which enveloped the ages dur- ing so large a part of these years. Pomology, like other president's address. 23 refined pursuits, found an asylum in the only sanctuary then known for the arts of peace — the monastery. In these quiet retreats were cultivated and perfected the best varieties of fruits ; and doubtless some which they have transmitted to us have been produced from seed under their patient care and nurture. Although the records of pomology during these years are but few, still we may glean some idea of the manner in which the art was preserved, from incidental notices, from the old trees still found growing amidst the remains of those institutions, and from the new and fine varieties whose origin is traced to them, and whose names they often bear. Nor do we doubt that the grape, now exciting so much attention, received especial care, not only for the rich clusters Avhich crowned the dessert, but also for the " wine which raaketh glad the heart of man." But how meagre the list of good fruits which have been handed down from them, when compared with those of later times ! If any of the pears of Roman origin yet remain, they are only to be found among the cooking varieties, or else they are so dry, coarse, and inferior as to merit a place only in the pages of the writers of two centu- ries ago. Now we have collections consisting of ten to fif- teen hundred varieties, among which are many embracing in the highest degree all the characteristics of size, beauty, flavor, and form which constitute a perfect fruit ; and instead of fruits confined to a short period of use, the art of the cultivator has extended the season of maturity over the greater portion of the year. Think what Gov. Endicott, of Salem, or Gov. Stuyvesant, of New York, would have said if they had been told that their example in the first planting* of a single pear-tree would be multiplied into thousands of orchards, and that, instead of a few pears for the summer season, every month in the year would be supplied with its appropriate sort ; or what was then considered an aristocratic tree, to be trained and nursed only in the gardens of the opulent, should be planted in orchards of five or more thousands of a single variety, and be enjoyed by the western pioneers as well as by the eastern magistrates ! 24 president's address. How would the soul of the generous Peregrine White, of Pilgrim memory, have swelled Avith joy, had he known that, in a little more than two centuries from the time of planting his apple-tree at Plymouth, this fruit would become almost an article of daily food ; or that his orchard of one tree would be magnified into orchards of twenty thousand or more trees of a single variety, as in the case of Mr. Pell's Newton Pippin ! And although it is recorded, some years after, that Gov. Winthrop had a good store of pippins in his garden, yet neither of these gentlemen could have foreseen the influence of their example in New Eng- land, to say nothing of three counties of Western New York, then and for more than a hundred and fifty years afterward a wilderness, from which there have been sent annually to market five hundred thousand barrels of apples, in addition to what were retained at home for consumption ; or the new orchards of our youthful State of Nebraska, some of which contain seven thousand trees, mostly in bearing at the age of six or eight years ; or the other millions of trees planted, sufficient to regale the appetites of every man, woman, and child in the United States, with their fruit. What would the Caesars, with all their luxuries, have thought of their half-formed mongrel peaches, so deleterious to health, when compared with the delicious varieties into which they have been developed by the hand of skill, guid- ing and assisting nature in her efforts for improvement, so that in many parts of our country they are almost sponta- neously produced, a fine variety being assured merely by planting the stones, without the trouble of budding or graft- ing; or what would De la Quintiney, that skilful gardener of Louis XIV., have thought when comparing the products of the world-renowned peach-gardens of Montreuil with the immense quantities raised in our Southern, Western, and Middle States, especially the latter, from whence are bi^ught to New York — not to speak of other great mar- kets— between one and two hundred car-loads, besides those received by steamboats and other sources, daily, making an president's address. 25 aggregate of from eiglity to one hundred thousand bushels of this delicious fruit, affording in number more than two peaches to every inhabitant of that great city ! ' \V^ But what shall be said of the grape ? The only two vari- eties generally cultivated in our northern gardens twenty-five years ago were the Isabella and Catawba. What would Mrs. Isabella Gibbs and Mr. John Adlum, to whom we are so much indebted for the introduction of these varieties, have said if they could have realized, that within less than fifty years the cultivation of the grape would be extended almost over our whole union ; that, in addition to these, we should have numerous varieties adapted to every section of our country ; that millions of vines would be planted on our hillsides and the banks of our Western lakes and rivers ; that wild and waste lands would be converted into smiling vineyards, rivalling, in luxuriance and abundant product, the vine-clad hills of Europe; that vines would be sold for a few cents each, thus enabling the humblest cottager to sit beneath its shade, enjoy a fragrance richer than the rose, and pluck for the wife and weans the purple clusters from his own vine; — or from the ripe berries, if he choose, " crush the sweet poison of misused wine." Surely, even the sanguine Nich- olas Longworth, the great American pioneer in vine cult- ure, — all honor to his memory ! — could not have pre- dicted that, within half a century, the manufacture of this juice would exceed, in a single State, more than five millions of gallons per year. Mark the amazing increase of the small fruits. Take, for instance, the strawberry. Within the memory of many of this assembly, we were dependent almost wholly upon the wild species of the field, or the few which had been trans- planted to our gardens. It is only about thirty years since the first attempt, we believe, was made on this continent to raise from seed a new and improved variety, — thanks to the enterprise of Mr. Hovey, — which gave us a fruit that has stood the test for a whole generation of men. Compare the small, dry, seedy, red and white wood strawberries of our 4 26 peesident's address. youth, Avith the numerous, larger, luscious varieties which have come to notice in our day. Not only have the latter increased to hundreds of varieties within this time, but the quantity produced is in a still greater ratio. What would our fathers have said at the dispatch from a single railroad station in the Western States, where fifty years ago the emi- grant had scarcely set his foot, of one thousand bushels of strawberries daily to m-arket ! or from another depot on the unoccupied lands of New Jersey taken up Avithin fifteen years, a similar quantity sent to the New- York market daily ! or, still more remarkable, from Norfolk, in Virginia, where seventeen years ago the cultivation of this fruit had not commenced, and from whence during the present season, three millions of quarts have been sent to the Northern markets ! Thirty years ago, we possessed only two good varieties of the raspberry, — the Eed and White Antwerp: now we have numerous fine kinds; and where a man thought himself fortunate to gather a saucer-full, it is raised, as by our friend William Parry of New Jersey, by hundreds or thousands of bushels for the market. So of the currant and blackberry. Of the latter not a single variety had then been introduced into our gardens or our catalogues : now we have many new kinds, and the product is equally great. Such is the onward march of civilization and refinement in our own day. How cheering and inspiring the omens of the future ! Our illustrations in some particulars may seem to be too highly colored and too hopeful, but we think time will prove them to be substantially correct. Such is our rapid progress, that, if any apparent over-statement has been made, its correctness will be verified or even exceeded while we yet speak. How would our eyes have been gladdened and our hopes have been encouraged, if, in our early exhibitions, we could have had a vision of the extended displays of the present time, where, instead of two baskets of fruit, presented at the first exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, president's address. 27 by Eobert Manning, the great eastern pioneer, were after- wards brought, from the same garden, nearly three hundred varieties of the pear, not to speak of other fruits ! and how would our confidence have been strengthened and our zeal have been excited, if any prophetic eye could have pictured to us a view of such magnificent exhibitions as were wit- nessed at St. Louis at our last session, or could even have foreshadowed the cornucopial display in the grand Phil- adeljjhian temple of horticulture, on the present occasion ! And how would the founders of the Pennsylvania and Massachusetts Horticultural Societies — the first and for many years the only societies on this continent for the promotion of horticulture — have rejoiced in the anticipation of the multi- plication of institutions, all of which recognize fruit culture as a prominent object. The first agricultural society and the first horticultural society in this country were established in this city, the former in 1785, the latter in 1827. Truly, " a little one has become a thousand," there being now enumerated on the books of the Department of Agriculture, at Washington, more than thirteen hundred organizations, including state, county, and town societies, for promoting the culture of the soil. The first agricultural newspaper printed in America, the Amcriain Farmer, made its appearance in 1820, less than fifty years ago. How would the enterprise and ambition of its valiant editor, John S. Skinner, have been excited by the idea that, Avithin half a century, some of its successors would enroll on their subscription lists the names of one hundred and fifty thousand persons, thereby exciting the surprise and admiration of the old world ! Magazines, periodicals, and papers devoted to horticulture furnish testimony equally gratifying ; and where, within the knowledge of some pres- ent, there was but one horticultural journal published in our country, there are now numerous monthlies and other period- icals whose columns of editorial and other appropriate matter compare favorably with the best European publications of the day. Nor is this all. Thousands of secular and even 28 PEESroENT'S ADDRESS. religious papers have special columns on these subjects, without which their success would be doubtful. Some are here to-day who remember the condition of the few nurseries on our eastern shores fifty years ago — for there were scarcely any in other States. These were limited to a few hundred acres in all. Those in New England, from whence emanated so much of the early interest of our country in fruit culture, were not, -in total extent, half so large as that of a single establishment in Western New York, at the present time, supposed to be the largest in the world. Nurseries of large extent are now distributed throughout the length and breadth of our domain, sending out, annually, an amount of trees and plants that would then have been deemed fabulous ; single towns, like Rochester or Geneva, possessing three thousand acres or more devoted to the nursery business. Nor should I omit to mention, in this connection, the improved methods of cultivation, the novel processes of propagation, the wonderful multiplication of trees, plants and vines, and the never-ending desire to possess every thing new, from whatever source it may come, and the universal zeal to ascertain the true value of all new productions. The ingenious methods of gathering, preserving, and pack- ing of fruits, and the improved means of safe transmission to distant markets, are among the most important advances in this new era. To such perfection have these been brought, that not only our small, tender fruits come to us a hundred or a thousand miles, in good order ; but the grape and the pear travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic coast. While penning this address, pears and other fruits have come to our own hands, from California, in perfect condition ; and, to add to our sui'prise, the pears of that State are finding a market in Japan. Our cheap and convenient postal facilities for the transmission of seeds, scions, and plants, promoting the introduction of new fruits into the Remotest parts of the land, are such as no other nation has ever enjoyed, yet not more than commensurate with the demands of our extensive territory ; and we trust the PRESroENT'S ADDRESS. 29 day is not distant when we shall have equal facilities for such reciprocal advantages with the whole world. CONCLUSION. Gentlemen, allow me iu conclusion to express to you the great satisfaction your presence affords me on this occasion. I congratulate you upon the past success and future pros- pects of this society ; upon the interest awakened through- out our land in the cultivation of fruits ; upon the increase of cultivators and consumers, stimulating production and creat- ing a taste and a market for our fruits ; upon the improved facilities for transmission, from remote sections, and from ocean to ocean ; upon the multiplication of societies, and especially upon the agency of the press, in the diffusion of horticultural information, by means of books, magazines, and newspapers, whereby the knowledge of the few may become that of the many ; upon the new territory which is con- stantly opening up to us new fields equally as well adapted to fruit culture as any now in use ; and upon the improved systems of cultivation whereby the labor of days is reduced to hours. It is our high privilege to live in an age of remarkable activity, of startling enterprise, of bold adventure, of noble achievement; an age alike distinguished for the progress of invention and intelligence in art, science, and literature. We live in a country of vast proportions, of unlimited re- sources, and of rising greatness, — a country to whose con- stantly expanding territory ; to whose internal improvements, already spanning the continent ; to whose thriving cities and great commercial centres, rising as by magic ; to whose population, commingling from all climes and quarters of the world, and to whose wealth, power, and prowess, no prophecy can yet set bounds. Already our American farm extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans ; and it is only a question of time when it shall be bounded on the north by the Arctic, and on the south by Cape Horn. so president's address. In all this progress, in all the development of the inex- haustible resources of our continent, American Pomology is to constitute one of the most important sources of national wealth and happiness. When we look back to the march of enterprise and civilization on this continent ; when we reflect on the advancement of our own favorite art since the organ- ization of this Society ; and when we look forward to the millions that shall reap the harvest of our sowing, long after we shall have passed from the scenes of earth, who does not feel a deep interest in the welfare of our association and the objects it seeks to promote ? Let us then be encouraged by our past success, and be excited to renewed endeavors and confidence in the future. Our association was the first national institution established for the promotion of pomology of which we have any record. First in inception, may it ever be first in advancement, Jirst in usefulness. Enterprise, improvement, and perseverance are the great practical elements of progress. Let our watchwords be onward, — upward — persevere — prosper. Let us work together as mutual helpers ; let us strengthen the bonds of affection between our brethren in all parts of our great republic, acknowledging no sectional interest, party, or creed, and only the prosperity of our cause, the promotion of the public good, and the welfare of our American Union. TREASURERS RErORT. 31 REPORT OF TREASURER. The Treasurer of the Society then presented and read the following report : — Philadelphia, Sept. 15, 1809. To the President and Menibers oftlie American Pomolngical Society: Gentlemen : — As the Treasurer of your Association, I present a statement of receipts and expenditures for the period embraced by the years 186T, 1868, and 1869. STATEMENT. RECEIPTS. 1866. Sept. 1809. Sept. To balance per last Report " Cash received from thirty-five Life Members " Two hundred and uine Term Members $205 93 350 00 418 00 $1,033 93 EXPENDITURES. 1S07. Sept. 18f)8. Feb. 18G9. May 13 By cash paid reporter, by order of President, " " Samuel Cliism, for printing, etc., per contract, of 500 copies of Pro- ceedings for 1807, 262 pages at $--!.--.'5 $589.50 " " 100 copies additional, viz.: " " Paper, lour reams, $7.00 28.00 " " Press-work, ."53 forms, $1.00 33.00 " " Cover-paper and press-work 2.00 " " Binding 0.00 " " 100 copies Catalogue, viz. : ' " 1 ream paper 7.00 " " Press-work, seven forms, $1.00.. 7.00 " " Cover-paper and press-work 2.00 " " Binding .. 5.00 " " .Setting up title-page and charges running time 4.00 " " Also same, lor postage stamps. . . 25.00 " " Preparing Index 5.00 " " Box 75 " " W napping paper 1..50 " " Doing-up and mailing 2.75 " " Secretary, for Circular he ordered, 5.00 " " Envelopes and po.stage stumps. . . 19.30 " " Secretary by order of President, " " Freight irom Boston 6.30 " " Paper and envelopes 2.00 " " For two chests and a box for Proceedings " " Postages on letters and Proceedings dur- ing the time Balance on hand $30 00 683 50 35 00 24 30 70 00 19 SO 158 28 I $1,033 93 Respectfully submitted. Thomas P. James, Treasurer. 32 ELECTION OF OFFICERS. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON NOMINATIONS. Mr. Barry, Chairman of the Committee on Nominations, reported the following : — For President — Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, INIassachu- setts. For Vice-Presidents — Col. R. R. Hunley, Alabama ; John H. Carleton, Arkansas.; Warren Foote, Arizona ; Simpson Thompson, California ; Hugh Allen, Canada East ; Charles Pauls, Colorado ; F. Trowbridge, Connecticut ; Edward Tatnall, Delaware ; William Saunders, District of Columbia ; Lucius J. Hardie, Florida ; P. J. Berckmans, Georgia ; Arthur Bryant, Sen., Illinois ; J. D. G. Nelson, Indiana ; James Smith, Iowa ; Dr. Wm. M. Howsley, Kansas ; J. S. Downer, Kentucky ; H. A. Swasey, Louisiana ; S. L. Goodale, Maine ; W. D. Breckenridge, Maryland ; C. M. Hovcy, Massachusetts ; W. M, Bort, INIichigan ; D. A. Robertson, Minnesota ; Gen. W. W. Brandon, Mississippi ; B. F. Edwards, Missouri ; Nicholas Waugh, Montana ; R. W. Furnas, Nebraska ; Charles Downing, New York ; Frederick Smyth, New Hampshire; Wm. Parry, New Jersey; Dr. Ruyther, New Mexico ; Wm. L. Steele, North Carolina ; Dr. J. A. Warder, Ohio ; Charles Arnold, Ontario, Canada West ; Simeon Francis, Oregon ; Robert Buist, Pennsyl- vania ; Dr. J. P. Wylie, South Carolina ; M. S. Frierson, Tennessee ; W. Talbot, Texas ; J. E. Johnson, Utah ; Z. Jacobs, West Virginia ; J. C. Plumb, Wisconsin ; Richard Bradley, Vermont ; G. F. B. Leighton, Virginia. For Treasurer — Thomas P. James, Philadelphia, Pa. For Secretary — F. R. Elliott, Cleveland, Ohio. Executive Committee — President and Vice-Presidents, ex officio ; M. B. Bateham, Painesvillo, Ohio ; Geo. Thurber, New York; J. E. Mitchell, Philadelphia; W. C. Flagg, Alton, 111. ; J. F. C. Hyde, Boston, Mass. " The Committee also recommend that the Secretary be paid two hundred dollars for services. The President then stated that, in accordance with the con- THANKS OF THE PRESIDENT. INVITATIONS. 33 stitutlon of the Society, tliese officers were to be chosen by ballot, but that in order to save time it had been the practice of former conventions to elect a delegate with powers to cast ballots for the Society, and he would suggest its continuance. Whereupon P. Barry, of New York, was appointed such delegate, and he deposited in the name of the Society the list of officers as reported, who were accordingly duly elected. THANKS OF THE PRESIDED! T. Mr. Wilder then returned thanks for this renewed testi- mony of respect. He said he had often tendered his resignation, but he had been governed by the wishes of the members, expressed in the belief of friends who thought it was for the interest of the Society that he should not vacate the chair. He had yielded and bowed in submission to that decision, and now he was here again for the next biennial term to yield such services as his ability commanded. He was deeply sensible of this honor, and greatly affected by it ; for he had passed the outer circle of years allotted to the life of man, and although he hoped to labor with them for years to come, he could not but express the fear that they may never meet again ; and if it should be so ordained by Providence, and he could be assured in the declining years of life that he would be remembered by his friends as a laborer and co-worker for the elevation of mankind and for the pro- motion of the comfort and happiness of rural life, he should feel that he had not lived in vain. [Applause.] INVITATIONS. Communications were received and read from the following Societies and Associations, tendering cordial invitations to the officers and members of the American Pomological Society to visit them, viz : — Fairmount Park Association, Academy of Natural Sciences, Academy of Fine Arts, and Vineland Horticultural Society. 34 APPOINTMENT OF STANDING COmUTTEES. APPOINTMENT OF STANDING COMMITTEES. The President then appomted the following named gentle- men to compose the standing committees until the close of the Society's next session : — GENERAL FRUIT COMMITTEE. P. Barry, Chairman, of Eochester, N.Y. ; John Copp, Milton Mills, N.H. ; J. F. C. Hyde, Boston, Mass. ; J. H. Bourne, Providence, E..I. ; T. S. Gold, West Cornwall, Conn. ; E. C. Worcester, Thetford, Vermont ; H. E. Hooker, Eochester, N.Y. ; J. P. Trimble, Newark, N.J. ; J. S. Houghton, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Edward Tatnall, AVilmington, Delaware ; J. S. Downer, Elkton, Ivy. ; Geo. W. Campbell, Delaware, Ohio ; J. D. G. Nelson, Fort Wayne, Indiana ; M.L. Dunlap, Champaign, Illinois ; Geo. Husmann, Bluffton, Mo. ; B. B. Hathaway, Little Prairie Eonde, Mich. ; Franklin Davis, Eichmond, Va. ; W. E. Wilson, Wheeling, West Va. ; W. L. Steele, Eockingham, N.C. ; Wm. Summer, Pomaria, S.C. ; P. J. Berckmans, Augusta, Ga. ; Wm. Heaver, Nashville, Tenn. ; ]M. W. Phillips, Chatawa, INIiss. ; Mark Miller, Des Moines, Iowa ; Col. E. E. Hunley, Harp- ersville, Ala. ; H. A. Swasey, Amite City, La. ; J. C. Plumb, Milton, Wis. ; L. F. Sanderson, San Jose, Cali- fornia ; John Saul, Washington, D.C. ; Dr. J. A. Eobert- son, St. Paul, Minnesota; AVm. Watson, Texas; J. H. Ingram, Ai'kansas ; S. T. Kelscy, LeavcuAvorth, Kansas ; Charles Arnold, Province of Ontario, C.W. ; Hugh Allen, Province of Quebec, C.E. COMMITTEE ON NATI^^E FRUITS. Dr. J. A. Warder, Cleves, Ohio ; Charles Downing, ^^JsTewburgh, N.Y. ; Eobert Manning, Boston, JNIass. ; Thomas Median, Germantown, Pa. ; George Husmann, Bluffton, Mo.; F. K. Phoenix, Bloomington, Illinois ; John M. Allan, Eich- mond, Va. PLACE or HOLDING THE NEXT MEETING. 35 COMMITTEE ON FOKEIGN FRUITS. George Ellwanger, Rochester, N.Y. ; C. M. Hovey, Bos- ton, Mass. ; E-obert Buist, Philadelphia, Pa. ; L. D. Morse, St. Louis, Mo. ; W. C. Flagg, Alton, 111. ; D. S. Dewey, Hartford, Conn. ; P. J. Berckmans, Augusta, Ga. COMMITTEE ON SYNONYMS AND REJECTED FRUITS. J. S. Cabot, Boston, Mass. ; J. J. Thomas, Union Springs, N.Y. ; J. D. G. Nelson, Fort Wayne, Ind. ; Dr. J. A. Warder, Cincinnati, O. ; M. L. Dunlap, Champaign, 111. ; J. A. J. Creswell, Elkton, Md. COMMITTEE ON REVISION OF CATALOGUE. President, ex-officio ; P. Barry, Rochester, N.Y. j J. A. Warder, Cincinnati, O. ; Charles Downing, Newburgh, N.Y. ; C. M. Hovey, Boston, Mass. ; J. Knox, Pittsburgh, Pa.; W. C. Flagg, Alton, 111.; George Husmann, BlufF- ton, Mo. PLACE OF HOLDING THE NEXT MEETING. By the rule introduced by the Business Committee, and adopted by the Society, the place of holding the next bien- nial session of the Society came next in order ; and cordial invitations, sustained by enthusiastic and earnest remarks by the presenters in fevor of their acceptance, were presented, as follows : — From Boston, Mass., by Mr. Hyde ; from Norfolk Horti- cultural Society, Va., by Mr. Leighton ; from Horticultural Society, Geneva, N.Y., by Mr. Maxwell ; from Richmond, Va., by Mr. Allen ; from Cincinnati, O., by Dr. J. A. Warder ; from Nashville, Tenn., by Mr. Nichols ; from Kansas, by Mr. Kelsey ; from Rochester,^ N.Y., by Mr. Barry ; from Newport, R.L, by Mr. Moore. Dr. J. P. Trimble advocated going to California. Mr. Lawton, of N.Y., spoke of the great value of the Society's 36 INVITATION. influence over any section where it should hold its meet- ings, in creating a deeper interest in, and a greater knowl- edge of, fruits and their culture. INIr. Griffith, of Erie, Pa,, Mr. Quinn, of N. J., Mr. Adams, of Mass., and others, made remarks, after which it was decided to take an informal bal- lot, Avhich, proving largely in the majority for Kichmond, Va., that city was made the unanimous choice of this Con- vention, and the invitjition of Mr. Allen accepted, making Richmond, Va., the place of next meeting, and the time sub- ject to call by circular from the President and Secretary. LETTERS RECEIVED. A letter was received, accompanied by two hundred copies of the Rural New YorJcer, from D. D. T. Moore, Esq., of New York, tendering the papers for the use of the Society, for which a vote of thanks was jDassed. COMMITTEE ON FRUITS EXHIBITED. The President then appointed the following a committee to record lists of fruits exhibited, namely ; A. S. Fuller, N.J. ; F. Davis, Va. ; E. Tatnall, Del. ; J. S. Downer, Ky. ; M. Miller, Iowa ; W. Griffith, Pa. ; John Mcintosh, Ohio. INVITATION TO MEET THE MAYOR OF PHILADELPHIA. Dr. J. S. Houghton, on behalf of the Pennsylvania Horti- cultural Society, presented an invitation to the officers and members of the American Pomological Society, to meet at the Continental Hotel, on Thursday (16th) morning, at half-past eight o'clock, and proceed to Independence Hall, where the Mayor of Pliiladelphia desired to meet and extend to them formally the courtesies of the city. " The invitation was accepted, and. the Society then ad- journed to ten o'clock, a. m., on Seiitember 16. DISCUSSIONS. 37 SECOND DAY. Two hours of the early morning of this day were occupied by the officers and members of the Society, in meeting the Mayor of Philadelphia, at Independence Hall, where Dr. J. S. Houghton introduced the President of the Pomological Society and its members to the Mayor of Philadelphia in an eloquent speech. The Mayor responded, and was replied to by the President of the Pomological Society. [See future page for speeches.] The second day of the twelfth session was opened at ten o'clock, A. M., by the President, in the chair. A communication was received from Professor Emerson, on the agencies operating in the Atlantic States upon fruit culture. Referred to Secretary for publication. The President then called Vice-President C. M. Hovey, of Massachusetts, to the chair, and the Society commenced its discussions on the values of varieties of fruits in the order named by the Business Committee. DISCUSSIONS. APPLES. Mr. Wilder suggested that the discussion be confined mainly to new, or comparatively new varieties. FALL ORANGE. Mr. Caywood asked for remarks on Fall Orange. It was extensively cultivated in parts of New York, and deservedly so. The Secretary said it was recorded in the Society's Catalogue. Dr. Sylvester said the apple was known by some as " Long Island." Mr. Earle said it was known as the Holden Pippin. 38 DISCUSSIOXS. EDWARDS EARLY. Mr. GiLLiNGHAM, of Mt. Vernon, Va,, spoke of " Edwards Early," as a very superior early variety for his section, ripening in July. Has grown it fifteen years. Never saw it described by pomologists. It is of medium size ; red, "with stripes ; sub-acid. PILOT. Mr. Davis, of Virginia, called attention to the Pilot apple as, in his section, one of the finest winter fruits. Originated in Nelson County, Va. Is of large size ; round, red; a first-class apple. Mr. Allan coincided with Mr. Davis. SPECKLED, OR "WESTBROOK. Mr. Blodgett spoke of it as a valuable variety, known by him many years. mason's pippin, OR mason's stranger. Mr. Allan, of Va., spoke of the Mason pippin as a seed- ling found in Brunswick County, Va. A very fine fruit ; medium size ; yellow ; sub-acid ; good keeper ; first quality. EARLY CONGRESS. Mr. Adams, of Massachusetts, spoke of Early Congress as resembling Gravenstein, but ripening earlier. It was referred to Committee on Native Fruits. SWEET AND SOUR. '' Mr. Blodgett introduced the Sweet and Sour, and gave his views of its having been produced from joining the half of a bud of Talman Sweet with that of Rhode Island Green- ins-. It was referred to Committee on Native Fruits. DISCUSSIONS. 39 McAfee's nonsuch. Mr. Kelsey, of Kansas, spoke of McAfee's Nonsuch, as identical with Large Striped Pearmain, Missouri Keeper, etc. It was a rapid grower, and the trees occasionally blight. A good bearer. Mr. Howsley said he had the whole history of this variety, and w^ould give it to the Committee on Native Fruits. Dr. "VVaeder, and several others, spoke of its being a valuable variety. STARK. Dr. Warder introduced it, and said he could not quite understand how the classing of it as identical with Pennock had occurred. They were most assuredly distinct. Mr. James, the Treasurer, said he had a communication from Mr. Masters, the original introducer of the variety, who seemed somewhat annoyed at its having been classed as the Pennock. The communication was referred to the Com- mittee on Native Fruits. The Secretary said the specimens of fruit which were before the Society's Committee in New York, last February, were received from Mr. Gaston, of Illinois. Mr. Bryant, Sen., of Illinois, stated that the mistake could easily be accounted for when it was understood that Mr. Gaston was not a pomologist, but a man who thought there was money in the sale of the Stark apple ; and therefore the specimens sent to the Committee at New York were as likely to have been Pennock as Stark. Messrs. Hyde, Wilder, Hovey, and other members of the Committee, were pleased to have the matter cleared up. bachelor's blush. Mr. Scott asked if this was not the same as Maiden's Blush. Mr. Downing replied that the two apples were entirely distinct. 40 DISCUSSIONS. KING. Dr. "Warder spoke of tlie King apple from North Car- olina as distinct from the King of Western New York, and a valuable variety. Mr. HowsLEY, of Kansas, said it was fine in that State. BE:S DAVIS. Mr. HowsLEY, of Kansas, said the Ben Davis was one of their most profitable apples ; and he handed the Secretary his knowledge of its history, as follows : — In the year 1799, "VVm. Davis and John D. Hill emigrated to Kentucky, and settled in that part of Logan County now called Butler County. They located near Capt. Ben Davis, the brother of Wm. Davis, and the brother-in-law of Hill. A few years afterwards. Hill returned to Vii-ginia, on busi- ness ; and, when he returned to Kentucky, he brought some apple grafts with him. Hill and Wm. Davis raised fruit from these grafts. Capt. Ben Davis, finding the apple a desirable one, grafted the same for himself, as well as raised a young nursery of it. These trees were sold through the country ; and, for want of knowing any other name, the people called it the Ben Davis apple. The Davis family, however, called it the Virginia Pippin. grimes' golden pippin. Mr. Hooker, of Rochester, asked for information about Grimes' Golden Pippin. Mr. N. L. Wood, of Ohio, said it was one of the oldest trees in his neighborhood. It never failed to bear, was of medium size, and kept well through March. Mr. Hyde, of Mass., said it was an excellent apple, but too small. ^ Dr. Warder said its quality made up for its size. He would star it for Southern Ohio. Mr. Elliott said it Avas comparatively an old variety, having been grown and distributed, over twenty years ago, DISCUSSIONS. 41 pretty largely in South-eastern Ohio ; was a fruit of fine quality ; a good bearer ; valuable for private use, but not as a shipping variety, because of its showing bruises plainly. SUPERIOR WHITE. Mr. Gray, of Pa., spoke of Superior White as good sub-acid ; a great bearer ; ripe last of August. Mr. Andrews said it was known in New Jersey as "Pany White." SIBERIAN APPLES. Dr. Warder called the attention of the Society to a class of Siberian apples now being introduced, as promising of great value for residents of our extreme northern climates. During the past year, many varieties had been figured and described by himself and Mr. Elliott ; among them, some of very good quality. Until recently, little has been done in producing this species ; but, now that attention is drawn to it, I look for great improvement in quality and size of fruit. BUCKINGHAM. Mr. HowsLEY called up the Buckingham, and said it was the same as Fall Queen, Winter Queen, etc. He had grown the apple thirty-five years, and could locate it in Virginia. Mr. Berckmans, of Georgia, said it was the same as Equinetely, Strawn Seedling, Kentucky Queen, King, etc., etc. It is one of the old Indian seedlings, of which the South has many, and among them some good winter keepers. Dr. Warder said the Buckingham and Fall Queen were distinct. There was a great number of varieties, closely resembling, but yet distinct. ORANGE. Mr. QuiNN, of N.J., called attention to the value of the Orange apple, — an early bearer ; productive ; excellent quality ; sells well, and is profitable. 42 DISCUSSIONS. Mr. Downing remarked that it Avas a good late summer aj)ple, and often keeps till winter. Mr. GiLLiNGHAM, of Virginia, said lie had an apple under the name of Orange Sweet : was it the same ? Mr. HoYEY said the varieties were distinct. EX-GOVERNOR OF NEAV HAMPSHIRE. Ex-Gov. Frederick Smyth, of New Hampshire, Vice- President, being present, was invited to take a seat on the platform with the President. NEWTOWN pippin. Mr. HowsLEY, of Kansas, brought up the Newtown Pippin, and remarked that he did not believe in there being two varieties. We have record of the origin of one variety ; but no man can tell from whence came the other. If there were two sorts, would not some one give the origin of the second? Mr. said there were many known distinct fruits, the origin of which could not now be traced ; yet they were known and acknowledged as distinct. Many yeai's since, new fruits were not recorded in publications, as at this period ; and therefore it is that many of our oldest and best fi-uits have no known historical oriarin. O WAGNER. Mr. Maxwell asked to know of the value of the Wagner apple in the AVest. Mr. WiER, of 111., said it was an apple of good quality; kept until February ; made a tree of medium size, and should be planted closer than most varieties. Mr. Miller, of Iowa, endorsed Mr. Wier's remarks. Had grown it five years. It "svas the most profitable apple In his orchard. Mr. Arnold, of Canada, had trees thii-ty years old ; good, healthy, productive. DISCUSSIONS. 43 Mr. EDGERTO>r, of Iowa, asked about its value root- grafted. Mr. BRYA^'T, Sen., of 111., said it was not good root- grafted. Did not make good roots M'hen so propagated. Should always be crown-grafted, or budded. Mr. Moody, of N.Y., said he had grown it twenty years. Did not favor its culture when grafted on small pieces of roots. Grafting it in the crown of a good stock, however, was as ofood as buddin^, and it then made a lono-- lived tree. Mr. Kei-sey, of Kansas, said it bears early. Soon ex- hausts itself. Is especially valuable to plant intermediate and thicken up an orchard, as it will pay for itself over and over again before it is required to be cut away in order to give room to trees of larger growth, and which do not come as early into bearing. RAWLES JANET. INIr. HowsLEY, of Kansas, thought this apple wrongly named. The subject was referred to Committee on Syno- nyms. BELLE ET BONNE. Dr. Sylvester, of New York, said this apple was much grown in his section, often under the name of Billy Bound. It was a valuable apple of its season, and very productive. INVITATION TO EXAMINE FRUIT HOUSES. Dr. J. S. Houghton made remarks on Reese Fruit House, •and asked a committee appointed to examine it, as he be- lieved it valuable and worthy notice. Mr. Blodgett extended the invitation to all other fruit houses. COMMITTEE ON FRUIT HOUSES. The Chair then appointed the following as a Committee to examine and report on Fruit Houses ; namely, A. W. 44 DISCUSSIONS. Harrison, D. W. Hersline, Thomas Meehan, of Philadelphia ; Charles Downing, Newburgh ; J. Henry Clarke, Syracuse ; W. L. Graves, Geneva ; P. Barry, Rochester. It was moved, and the motion carried, to close discussion on apples, and take up PEARS. BARTRAM. Mr. Scott made remarks calling attention to the Bartram pear. He was requested to confer with the Committee on Native Fruits. CLAPP'S FAVORITE. Messrs. Barry, Quixn, Parry, Hyde, Wilder, Hoyey, Gray, Adams, and Gov. Smith, all coincided in the value of Clapp's Favorite as a good growing healthy tree, an early and productive bearer, fine size, and beautiful fruit, but that it must be picked c(irhj, very early, in order to develop it in its best form. If left on the tree until nearly ripe, it is not valuable. Messrs. HovEY, Hyde, and Wilder, spoke of the ne- cessity of gathering all pears early — long before they Avere apparently matured. It is only by so doing that the best qualities of the fruit are developed. RUTTER. Mr. Barry, of N.Y., called for information on the Huttcr pear. Mr. Gray, of Pennsylvania, said it was raised by Mr. Hutter, of West Chester, Pa., from seed of Van ]\Ions Leon Le Clerc. The tree is a good grower, holds its foliage well, and is productive. Dr. EsHLEMAN said it was a fine ' October pear — one of the best late autumn sorts. Mr. Hoopes spoke in its favor. DISCUSSIONS. 45 DOYENNE DU COMICE. Mr. HovEY inquired how the Doyenne da Cornice suc- ceeded. Mr. Hyde said it is a difficult tree to grow. The ends of the shoots kill ; it is tender. Mr. "Wilder said he could not grow it, but Mr. Hovey could. It is a good pear. Mr. QuiNN had tried it, and grafted it over. MANNINGTON. Mr. Petit, of N.J., introduced the Mannington. It was referred to committee. NILES. Mr. Barry' had grown the Niles pear ten years or more. It is a good winter sort. Dr. Eshleman had tried it, but it did not ripen, Mr. Barry said it must be well grown, or it would not ripen. Mr. Hovey said, even well grown, it is not good, although it keeps well. WILMINGTON. Mr. Barry inquired about the Wilmington ; he had fruited it, and Avould like to see it placed in the Catalogue. Dana's hovey. Messrs. Barry, Quinn, and Sylvester spoke of Dana's Hovey as a fine healthy growing tree, and asked about its productiveness. Mr. Hovey said it was not an early bearer, but when once it came into bearing it made up for lost time by its regular and abundant crops. 46 DISCUSSIONS. PRESIDENT. Mr. Hyde said the President was a large, or very large pear, good second-rate qnality, like all of Dr. ShurtlefF's seedlings. It was a greenish fruit, without much color, and marketable on account of its size. Mr. Wilder spoke of the forty or more varieties produced by Dr. Shurtleff; the President, Gen. Grant, Admiral Farragut, were large. They were generally vigorous, and all about alike in quality. On account of the large size of the varieties above named, he would advise their trial, as in some sections they may improve. Mr. HoYEY said the President pears were always green, and, although of large size, unmarketable. Mr. QuiNN, of New Jersey, said he should not like to spend his litetime in introducing a green pear into market. In New York they would not buy them. Dr. Sylvester said the question could not be decided until the different localities had been tried. He thought perhaps some change of climate and locality might change the exterior of the fruit. BEURRE DE NANTES. Mr. McDonald, of N.J., spoke of Bcurre de Nantes as succeeding well. ROUSSELLET DE MEESTER. Mr. Wilder spoke of the Eoussellet dc Meester as very productive, and a hardy tree. He would recommend Ifcs trial. BEURRE d'l'aSSUMPTION. ^ Dr. EsHLEMAN inquired if any one had fruited the Beurre d'l'Assumption in this country. Mr. Wilder. — lie did not know of its having been fruited. He saw it abroad last year. Trees have been introduced, and DISCUSSIONS. 47 •we may expect to see it next year. If it meets the draw- ings that have been given of it, it will be early, large, and valuable. SOUYEXIR DU COXGRES. Mr. Wilder said the Souvenir du Congres was another pear of great promise. It was a seedling of Bartlett. Had not yet fruited in this country. DUCHESSE D'BORDEArX. Dr. Houghton introduced and exhibited specimens of Duchesse d'Bordeaux, a new winter variety received from France. It is a very juicy pear, of good or rather large size, A^ery palatable, with a slight aroma. In the ordinary way of keeping apples in a common cellar it will keep until March and April. Docs not do well on quince root, but is strong, vigorous and healthy on pear. Mr. Wilder had fruited it; could not grow as large specimens as shown, but this year his fruit had quite a red cheek. Agreed Avith Dr. Houghton as to its growth and keeping qualities. Adjourned to three o'clock, p. m. AFTEEXOON SESSION. Society re-assembled at three o'clock, p. m. President Wilder in the chair. The discussion on pears was resumed. EMILE d' HETST. Mr. Hyde said the Emile d'Heyst was one of the most promising pears. It must be picked early. Mr. Wilder said it was a very hardy tree. Had been added to our collection many years ago. A pear of great excellence in quality. 48 DISCUSSIONS. GOOD ALE. Mr. Earle, of Mass., spoke of the Goodale pear as a valuable variety. Mr. Hyde has two fine trees of it. It is a large and fine pear ; but it must be picked early or it decays at core. It grows nearly as large as the Beurre d'Anjou, and ripens in October. The President corroborated Mr. Hyde's remarks. doyenne BorssocK. Messrs. Quinn, Hovey, Mitchell, Coit, Mills, Earle, and many others, spoke of Doyenne Boussock as a successful and profitable variety, giving more and more satisfaction the longer it is grown. Mr. Wilder said he had grown it twenty-five years. Had hundreds of trees, and each year added more of it to his orchard. JOSEPHINE DE MALINES. INIr. Berckmans, of Ga., said the Josephine de Malines was a straggling tree, with small foliage, and unprepos- sessing, and on this account its growth had been much restricted. The fruit is, however, a good winter sort. Mr. HovEY said, that, in Massachusetts, it had not been successful. The statement of its growth, etc., by Mr. Berck- mans was correct. In Massachusetts the ends of the twigs winter kill. It is not productive or profitable, although the pear is juicy and well flavored. The President said it was quite successful in Western New York. QUINNEBAUG. Mr. CoiT, of Conn., said the Quinnebaug had proved -•worthless with him. It is a large pear ; good to sell, not to eat. Mr. "Wilder. — It is a large pear ; in form, like Yicar of Winkfield, and a great bearer ; ripens in September. DISCUSSIONS. 49 BARONXE DE MELLO. Mr. Earle, of Massachusetts, said the Baronne de Mello was a fine fruit, but not a profitable market sort. Mr. HovEY said it was, perhaps, better known as Beurre Van Mons. It has the character of the okl Brown Beurre, and may be put down as one of our best pears. Mr. Sau:nders, of the Agricuhural Department, Washing- ton, said the variety succeeded better North than South. He Avoukl not advise its planting freely south of Philadel- phia until farther tried. Mr. Wilder considered it one of the most beautiful and profitable pears that he possessed. He is discarding the winter Nelis, and replacing with the Baron de Mello. consieller de la cour. Mr. CoiT spoke of Consieller de la Cour, or Marechal de la Cour, as doing well with him. Mr. Berckmans remarked they were two distinct pears. Mr. Hyde spoke of Consieller de la Cour as a promis- ing variety. Mr. Earle spoke of the tree as being healthy, handsome, and having good, persistent foliage. Mr. Wilder said he possessed the variety a long time. It is also known as the Due d'Orleans. It forms a large tree, and will stand wind and gale as well as any. ROGERS. Mr. Hyde spoke of the Rogers as a variety originated in what was once Roxbury, now part of Boston. Is undoubt- edly a seedling from Washington, but somewhat larger. Mr. HovEY said it was named after the gentleman in whose garden it was found. Considered it likely to become one of our best pears. 7 50 DISCUSSIONS. EDMONDS. Dr. Sylvester spoke of the Edmonds pear as good in Western New York ; very productive, but must be picked early. Mr. Hyde did not think it would ever be a market variety. GENERAL TOTLEBEN. The President said General Totleben was a very vigorous growing tree, productive, a fine fruit, but, like many other favorites, must be eaten as soon as ripe, or will rapidly decay. It is large ; ripens in November. Mr. HovEY said it was strong and vigorous, but a crooked grower. Styre. Mr, Mitchell asked about Styre. The President said a strong growing tree, producing medium fruit. SARAH. The President, In response to a question, said the Sarah was a seedling of Mr. Clapp, of Dorchester, Mass. ; medium ; dull yellow, with a fliint blush ; melting, juicy, aromatic. Very good. Ripe in October. newhall. The President said this was another of Mr. Clapp's seed- lings, and one of promise. It ripens in October. KIRTLAND. Mr. Earle, of Mass., asked for more knowledge of the ' Kirtland. Messrs. Satterthvtaite and Berckmans did not esteem it highly, because of its rotting at the core. Otherwise a fair variety. DISCUSSIONS. 51 Mr. Hicks, of L.I., said it was a good tree ; a fine grower; productive, and if picked early of great value. The President said Charles Downing considered it one of the best early kinds he possessed, but it must be picked two weeks before it conies to maturity. Mr. Moore, of R.I., said the pear cracked badly. Mr. Arnold, of C.W., said it was a success in his locality. Mr. Earle said a handsome tree ; annual bearer; good* medium sized fruit, but must be picked early. JAPAN. Mr. QuiNN spoke of the Japan pear as a seedling of the Chinese Sand pear, — a very fine growing tree, — ever a tree highly ornamental, and suited to lawns, producing a fruit of great value for cooking purposes. MOUNT VERNON. Mr. Hyde spoke of the INIt. Vernon as one of the promis- ing new pears. It was a chance seedling of the late Samuel Walker, of Massachusetts. The tree is a good grower, pro- ducing abundantly a russet fruit of above medium size; juicy, rich, melting, but with a peculiar cinnamon-like flavor unlike any other variety. The tree holds its foliage well. BONNERS. Mr. Berckmans said the Bonners pear originated in Han- cock County, Ga., and is known in Washington County as the " Pope " pear. The tree is a good grower on pear root, — not on quince, — holds its foliage Avell. Young shoots are reddish. The fruit has a peculiar almond flavor, and is counted as very good. abercrombie. Mr. Berckmans said the Abercrombie was another pear of Southern origin, a small fruit, brownish red, of fine flavor, 52 DISCUSSIOXS. ripening at Augusta, Georgia, in June. The tree is a good bearer, but a poor grower. Mr. Frierson confirmed Mr. Berckman's remarks, and, added, " the tree loses its foliage early, and is not valuable in his locality." BEUKRE COIT. Mr. Wilder sjooke of the Beurre Coit as a fine grower resembling the Beurre Gris d'Hiver Noveau, but earlier. Mr. Elliott said it was a seedling produced about 1844, by Mr. Charles Coit, of Euclid, Ohio. The tree is a good grower, hardy and healthy. A good bearer, and the fruit of almost, if not quite, first-class quality. CAEN DE FRANCE. Mr. HovEY said the Caen de France was introduced into America in 1834, by the late Mr. Manning, of Salem. The tree is a slow grower, tardy in coming into bearing, but in- creasing in value every year, and those who have it now count it as one of the very best late varieties. It keeps Avith- out trouble, and may be put in barrels to ripen, and can be depended on from January to March. The President coincided with Mr. Hovey, adding that it was now one of the best late winter pears. SOUVENIR d'eSPERIN. Mr. Satterthwaite said Souvenir d'Esperin Avas a handsome fruit, but not of first quality. Mr. Wilder said the tree was a fine grower; an excellent fruit, ripening in November; must be picked early, and eaten when ripe. MARY, Dr. Houghton spoke of the ^Nlary as with him having proved a success ; the tree a fine grower, a good bearer; fruit among the largest of the very early sorts ; skin a little tough. A valuable market sort. DISCUSSIONS. 53 MAKIE LOUISE D UCCLE. Mr. HovEY called attciitiou to Marie Louise d'Uccle as a new pear of promise. BRITISH QUEEX. Dr. Houghton exhibited specimens of the British Queen, a new pear from England. The fruit full medium size, handsome, but somewhat astringent. GENESEE YIKGALIEU. Mr. HoAG spoke of this as a valuable early variety; Mr. Tkowbkidge also commended it. The Souvenir Madame Treyve, Louise bonne de Printemps, Supreme de Quimper, and Petit Marguerite, were respect- ively called up and spoken of favorably by the Pkesidext. Mr. Lindsay, of Norfolk, Va., spoke in praise of the pear as grown in his section, it there being larger and finer than any he had seen upon the tables here exhibited. SHELDON. Mr. CoiT, of Conn., spoke of the Sheldon as a pear of fine quality, but of late it had cracked with him and he feared would prove of little value. Mr. QuiNN made similar remarks Dr. Sylvester said his experience was the contrary ; with him it was always fair. BRANDYAVINE. Mr. Gray, of Pa., said this variety originated near Ches- ter, Pa. ; was a good growing tree ; productive and hardy. The President said in New England it is one of the val- uable early varieties ; a very fine hardy tree. MARGARET. Mr. Elliott called attention to the Margaret as a variety of promise as an early, productive, and profitable market sort, although below medium in size. 54 DISCUSSION The discussion on pears was then closed, when Dr. Houghton, of PhiLadelphia, made some remarks respecting the cultivation of the Foreign Grapes out of doors, saying he had arranged glasses into which the bunches as they formed were introduced, and without any farther care, the fruit ripened up finely nL^tive grapes. The varieties of Native Grapes and their values was next in order, and it was moved and carried that the Secretary read the list or catalogue and members then speak as to their views of the values by naming one or more stars to be ap- plied to the various sections as per the rules of the Catalogue. ADIRONDAC. Dr. Warder does not regard it worthy a star in Southern Ohio. AGAWAM (ROGERS 15). Mr. Frierson says a fine grape, and does well in Tennessee. ALVEY. Dr. Hexamer would give it one star for East New York. Mr. Hicks, of L.I., never knew it do well. CANADA. Mr. Fuller says it promises well. CONCORD Mr. Cannon, of N.C., spoke of it as better at the South than North. "' DELAWARE. . Mr. Trow]5RIDGE would erase the star for Connecticut. Mr. KoEx, of Tenn., says does well in clay soil. DISCUSSIONS. 55 GOETHE (ROGERS NO. 1). Mr. Blodgett would star it for East Pennsylvania. Mr. HoAG says does well, but too late for Western N.Y. HERBEMONT. Mr. Hyde said he did not think there was a vine of it in all Massachusetts. Dr. Warder would give it one star for Southern Ohio. lONA. Mr. Cannon said it was of no value in Virginia or North Carolina. Mr. HoAG. — It is one of the finest grapes known in Western New York. Mr. Griffith would double star it for West Pennsylvania. Mr. Knox objected to a star for West Pennsylvania. With him it was of no value. Messrs. Fuller, Williams, and Quinn agreed that it did not deserve a star for New Jersey. Mr. H. T. Williams said it thrived equally as well as the Concord in Delaware. Mr. Hyde said it was a complete failure for field culture in Massachusetts. May do in some sheltered locations. IVES. Mr. S. B. Parsons said it is the only grape that does well -with him under all circumstances. Would double star it. Mr. H. T. Williams would double star it for Delaware. LINDLEY (ROGERS NO. 9). Mr. Blodgett. — It is a fine grape in Philadelphia. Mr. Wilder. — It is about as early as Delaware, and val- uable. 56 DTSCirSRIONS. Mr. Hyde. — It drops its foliage badly with me. Mr. BuiST. — It is one of the very best. It ripened eight days ago, and holds its foliage now. MARTHA. Mr. YouNGLOVE would give it one star for Kentucky. Dr. Warder would star it for South Ohio. Mr. Elliott spoke of beautiful bunches, and the vine with good healthy foliage, at Mr. Knox's. MERRIMAC. Mr. Trowbridge would star it for Connecticut. Mr. Younglove would star it for Kentucky. Mr. Parry would star it for New Jersey. Mr. Frierson says it does well in Tennessee. MILES. Mr. Caywood thinks there is no place where the Miles will not succeed. Norton's Virginia. Mr. Bryant would strike it out from Northern Illinois. Mr. Younglove would star it for Kentucky. Mr. Parsons objects to the star for East New York. Mr. says one of the very best in Virginia. REBECCA. Mr. Hyde would strike off the star for Massachusetts. SALEM (ROGERS NOP. 22 AND 53). Mr. Younglove Avould star it for Kentucky. telegraph. Mr. Parry, of N.J. — It is a grape of good promise, and I think will prove valuable. Would star it. KESOLUTIONS. 57 Mr. Parson, of L.I. — It is a fine grape with us. Mr. Knox would star it for West Pennsylvania. Mr. Scott would star it for East Pennsylvania. WILDER (ROGERS NO. 4). Dr. Sylvester has kept fruit of the Wilder until Feb- ruary. Star for West New York. Mr. YouNGLOVE. — Star it for Kentucky. Mr. CoiT. — Star it for Connecticut. Mr. Frierson. — It is successful in Tennessee. SCUPPERNONG. Mr. Berckmans, of Ga., spoke of the Scuppernong as one of their most valuable varieties at the South. The Convention adjourned to Friday, nine, a.m. THIRD DAY. MORNING SESSION. The members of the Society re-assembled at nine, a.m., and were called to order by President Wilder, in the chair. Reports being in order, Mr. Barry, Chairman of Commit- tee on Native Fruits, Mr. Ellwanger, Chairman Committee on Foreign Fruits, the Committee on Fruits Exhibited, Com- mittee on Reese Fruit House, Committee on Credentials, and the Secretary of the Society, each presented a report, which were ordered into the hands of the Secretary for publication. RESOLUTIONS. Mr. Hyde, of Mass., offered the following : — Whereas, The officers and members of the Pennsylvania Horticult- ural Society have extended a most cordial welcome and numerous friendly attentions to the officers and members of the American Pomo- logical Society, in supplying the use of rooms for its twelfth biennial session, in the care of its fruits exhibited, and, in every respect, sup- 58 KESOLUTIONS. plying all its wants in aid of the good work its members are striving to perform ; therefore, Resolved, That we cordially tender, and do hereby tender, to the oflBcers and members of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society our most sincere thanks. May its halls ever be filled on the days of its future exhibitions with as grand a display of fruits and flowers as have at this time been witnessed by the thousands visiting them. The resolution was adopted unanimously. Mr. G. r. B. LEiGftTON, of Virginia, offered the follow- ing, after a few complimentary remarks : — Resolved, That the thanks of the American Pomological Society be, and are hereby tendered to the Mayor and citizens of Philadelphia, for their kind attentions and courteous reception. The resolution was adopted unanimously. Governor Smyth, of N.H., then offered the following : — Whereas, Cordial and kind letters have been received from the Managers of Fairmount Park, the Academy of Natural Sciences, and Academy of Fine Arts, inviting the President and members of the American Pomological Society to visit them, and, whereas, in the nature of our present duties time could not be found for their accept- ance in fulfilment ; therefore, Resolved, That to each and every one of said associations, or indi- viduals representing, we hereby tender our sincere and warm acknowl- edgements for their courtesy. The resolution was adopted unanimously. Mr. Barry, of N.Y., after some pleasant remarks upon the great value of the press in extending our doings wide over the land, offered the following : — Resolved, That the thanks of this Society be and are hereby ten- dered to the press of the country in general for the gratuitous announcement of its meetings, and to the Philadelphia press in par- ticular, for their careful daily reports of the proceedings of this meeting. Resolution adopted unanimously. The Society then proceeded with its discussions on Fruits, "and took up the DISCUSSIONS. 59 PEACH. rURNESS. Mr. Scott spoke of the Furness as a cling; good, but late. MOUNTAIN ROSE. The Secretary said he had been written to ask for infor- mation of the Mountain Rose. No response. hale's early. Mr. Knox said Hale's Early was an entire failure in Western Pennsylvania. Messrs. Wilder, Elliott, Parry, Williams, and Gil- lingham, all stated it as liable to rot just before ripening, and therefore valueless. Messrs. Beeckmans, Koen, EriepxSon, and Lindsay stated it as valuable. Early ; and although it had rotted under certain circumstances, yet they were unwilling to give it up. SUSQUEHANNA. Mr. Berckmans, of Georgia, spoke of the Susquehanna as a variety he had fruited twelve years, and although not so profitable as Crawford's late, yet its quality was superior. Messrs. Saul, Frierson, and Downer classed it as a good peach, a poor bearer, and somewhat liable to rot. FOSTER. Mr. Hyde, of Mass., spoke of the Foster as a large and very handsome fruit, of superior flavor. Messrs. Hovey, Strong, and Earle, all coincided with Mr. Hyde's remarks, that it was as large or larger than Craw- ford's Early, more round, and of greater beauty and superior flavor. golden dwarf. Mr. Strong, of Massachusetts, inquired of the value of Yan Buren's Golden Dwarf for out-door culture. He had fruited it in the house but never out- doors. 60 DISCUSSIONS. Mr. Wilder said it was as hardy as any peach. Mr. Parry had seen no value in it as a fruit ; very pretty as an ornamental bush. Mr. Lindsay and Mr. Frierson had fruited the tree, or bush, successfully. Mr. Berckmans said it was of no value except as an ornamental variety for the amateur. Mr. PARSOJiiS said it' had borne well "v^ith him, but the flavor was inferior. ITALIAN DWARF. The Italian Dwarf was responded to, when named, by nearly the same speakers as the Golden Dwarf, and its value classed the same. DRUID HILL. Mr. Berckmans, of Georgia, said the Druid Hill was a fair, white, freestone peach, but there Avere now so many varieties, superior in quality, ripening at the same season, that it was not worthy continuing in cultivation. PLUMS. WILD GOOSE. Mr. Parry', of N.J., said so much had been said of the Wild Goose plum that he wanted information from those who had grown it. Mr. Friekson, of Tenn., said he had grown it twenty or more years. It is perfectly hardy, a good grower, and bears abundantly, but it should always be budded on some other stock, as it suckers so profusely when on its own roots as to make it a nuisance. It originated in Davidson County, near —Nashville, Tenn. Mr. Downer, of Kentucky, said it was a variety that never failed of producing a crop. Mr. Berckmans, of Georgia, said his only objection to it DISCUSSIONS. 61 was that it ripened a little too early, just when peaches were abundant ; but its beauty, it being of bright vermilion red, always commands for it ready sale. Of all the varieties, this is the only one entirely free from being punctured by curculio. In quality it is only third-rate. Mr. WiER spoke of Miner as being the same as AVild Goose. PLUMS OVER WATER. Dr. Underhill, of Croton Point, said he had grown the plum, embracing the best varieties, quite successfully, for many years, by planting his trees so that their limbs hung over water. He created ponds, purposely to surround them with plum and nectarine trees, because, in so doing, he had found, by a sixteen years' trial, a certainty of crop. WHITEWASHING THE GROUND. Mr. Arnold, of C.W., said he gave the ground all be- neath the spread of the branches of his plum-trees, a thor- ough and thick coat of liine whitewash ; and he had very few plums stung by the curculio, and yearly succeeded in obtain- ing a good crop. CHERRIES. EARLY RICHMOND. Mr. Parry, of New Jersey, spoke of the Early Pichmond as a most abundant and early bearer — one of the most profit- able, and deserving extensive cultivation. Messrs. Lines, of Kansas, Nichols, of Indiana, and Wier, of Illinois, spoke of the fact, that all varieties of the Morello class succeeded well with them. Mr. Wier said the D'ikes also do well when top-grafted on Morello, and so with some of the sweet varieties, such as Governor Wood. G2 DISCUSSIOXS. SWEET CHERRIES VARIETIES. Mr. Arnold, of C.W., said nearly all the varieties of sweet cherries do finely in Canada, such as Napoleon, Black Heart, Bauman's May, Rockport, etc. Mr. "Wilder. — The Red Jacket is one of the most pro- ductive, and the finest growing, hardy tree of all. Powhatan is good, but not equal to Red Jacket. They are neither of the highest quality, but the Red Jacket is large and very fine. The President suggested that each member should name the one cherry he Avould choose as best. coe's transparent. Messrs. Saul, Downing, Quinn, Trowbridge, Sylvester, and Willams, of New Jersey, named the Coe's Transparent as best ; Mr. AVilliams adding that all Dukes and Morellos were entirely worthless with him, on account of the black knot. The sweet varieties are also somewhat affected. Mr. Frierson said that in Tennessee it was useless to attempt to grow any but Morellos. downer's late. Mr. Wilder considered Downer's Late as the best for Massachusetts. early RICHMOND. Mr. Lines said Early Richmond was best for Kansas. Mr. Edgerton named Early Richmond for Iowa. Mr. Bryant named Early Richmond for Illinois. • Mr. WiER said Early Richmond was best for Illinois, but Belle de Choisy best for himself. Mr. Nichols named Early Richmond for Indiana. •'' BELLE DE CHOISY. Mr. KoEN spoke of Belle de Choisy as successful with him in Tennessee. DISCUSSIONS. 63 MORELLO. Mr. Downer named Morello for Kentucky. KENTISH. Mr. Arnold named Kentish for Canada "West. TWO OR MORE VARIETIES. Mr. Bryant, of Illinois, named the Early May, and also the May Duke, worked on Morello stock. Mr. Earle, of Mass., would have Downer's Late and Coe's Transparent. Mr. Arnold, of C.W., would add Knight's Early Black and Elton. Mr. Moore, of R.L, would have May Duke and Down- er's Late. Mr. Saul, of D.C., would add Napoleon and Black Tartarian. Mr. Hicks, of L.I., would have Elton and Gov. Wood. Mr. QuiNN, of N. J., named Elton and Gov. Wood. Mr. WiER, of 111., named English Morello and Late Kentish. Mr. Wilder would add Black Eagle and Bed Jacket. Mr. Downing Avould add Rockport and Early Richmond. Mr. Nichols, of Ind., named Gov. Wood and Early Richmond. Mr. Lines, of Kansas, would add May Duke. Mr. H. T. Williams named Gov. Wood and Black Eagle. Dr. Sylvester, West New York, named Rockport and Knight's Early Black. Mr. Downer, of Ky., would add May Duke and Late Duke. Mr. Trowbridge, of Conn., would add May Duke and Downer's Late. Dr. Wylie, of S.C., named Early Richmond and Eng- lish Morello. Mr. Edgerton, of Iowa, named Early Richmond and Enojlish Morello. 64 DISCUSSIONS. STRAWBERRIES. The Society's Catalogue list of strawberries was next taken up, and read in its order by the Secretary, and gentlemen members made remarks as to values and their views relative to retaining the stars, adding thereto, or striking off entirely from the list, as follows : — . ALICE MAUDE. Mr. Saul would erase the star for Dist. of Col. BRITISH QUEEN. Mr. Saul moved it be stricken from the Catalogue. The British Queen is rarely found, and when found is of no value. Rivers' Seedling Eliza is often sold for it. Mr. Fuller said Rivers' Seedling Eliza and British Queen were very similar ; did not think there were many plants of true British Queen in America. Mr. Wilder objected to striking the name from the Cata- logue at present. BOSTON PINE. Mr. Hexamer would star it for East New York. Dr. Sylvester would star it for West New York. burr's new pine. Mr. Arnold would strike out the star for C.W. CRIMSON CONE. Messrs. Saul and Knox would strike it from the Cata- logue. downer's prolific. ,- Mr. Saunders would remove the star for Dist. of Col. Mr. Trowbridge would star it for Connecticut. Mr. J. W. Manning would star it for Massachusetts. Mr. Hyde objected. DISCUSSIONS. 65 Mr. Earle, of Mass, — It is successful so far witli me. Mr. Downer would star it for Kentucky. Mr. E. Williams and Mr. Fuller would star it for Cen- tral New Jersey. Mr. Hexamer would star it for East New York. Mr. Frierson said it succeeded finely in Tennessee. FILLMORE. Mr. Saul would double star it for District of Columbia. Mr. Herstine would star it for East Pennsylvania. Mr. Knox would double star it for Western Pennsylvania. Mr. Frierson said it was one of tbe best in Tennessee. Mr. Kent would star it for Virginia. Mr. Satterthwaite, of Pa., said it was too poor a grower to be profitable, although a fine fruit. GENESEE. Mr. Hexamer would take out star for New York East. Messrs. Saul, Fuller, Warder, and said strike it out of Catalogue. HOOKER. Mr. Arnold said it was one of the finest flavored berries in Canada West ; give it a star. Mr. Frierson. — It is one of the best amateur varieties for Tennessee. hovey. Mr. Saul said it was one of the best of the pistillates ; large, and bears well. Mr. Frierson said it M^as fine in Tennessee. Mr. Allan would star it for Virginia. Mr. Wilder. — It has stood favorably the test of more than thirty years in Massachusetts ; it has no fault but its sex. 9 66 DISCUSSIONS. IOWA. Mr. E. Wii.LiAiMS would strike out star for New Jersey. Messrs. Saul, Hexamer, Warder, Wilder, Sylvester^ QuiNN, Fuller, and Lines would strike it from the Cata- logue. jenny's seedling. Messrs. Fuller, Warder, Saul, and others, said strike it from the Catalogue. JENNY LIND. Mr. Knox would strike out the star for Western Pcnn. Mr. HovEY would give it two stars for Massachusetts, be- cause it is the best early sort for market. On heavy soils it grows too much to foliage, but on light soils it is wonderfully productive. Dr. Sylvester would star it for Western New York. LA constante. Mr. HoYEY said it was a very fine berry, and i^dth him succeeds to perfection, but with some cultiA^ators, soils, and locations, the foliage burns. He would double star it for Massachusetts. Mr. Meehan said he saw it the past season at Windsor, C.W., where it was very .fine. Mr. Fuller said he could not afford to groAv it, as the labor aiid care cost too much. Mr. Downer. — It is not worth growing in Kentucky. Mr. Hyde, of Mass., said he had wholly abandoned it, and advised no one to attempt it on light soil. HEAVY SOILS FOR FOREIGN VARIETIES. Messrs. Saul, Fullek, Hovey, and others spoke of the importance of heavy soils as essential to produce any of the foreign varieties of strawberries in perfection ; Triomph de DISCUSSIONS. 67 Gaud being about the only one that had ever done anything in light soils, and that was much superior when, grown in strong, heavy, rich clay loam. longworth's prolific. Dr. Warder would star it for Southern Ohio. Mr. Elliott would star it for Northern Ohio, on account of its value for canning. mcavoy's superior. Mr. Hexamer would remove the star for East New York. Dr. Warder would star it for Southern Ohio. Mr. Downer would star it for Kentucky. MOYAMENSING. Messrs. HovEY, Fuller, Earle, Quinn, Lines, and others would strike it from the Catalogue. SCOTT's SEEDLING. Messrs. Trowbridge, Fuller, Williams, Quinn, Lines, and Manning would strike it from the Catalogue. Mr. Earle opposed striking it out. Mr. HovEY also opposed striking it out ; it has a peculiar flavor, is cultivated, and exhibited and liked for home use. TRIOMPH DE GAND. Mr. Arnold said strike out the star for Canada West. Mr. Trowbridge said that in a majority of cases it is not valuable in Connecticut. Messrs. Saul and Saunders would double star it for Dis- trict of Columbia. Mr. Fuller would give it a star for heavy soils of New Jersey. G8 DISCUSSIONS. Mr. QuiXN said, on heavy soils in New Jersey, it succeeds finely ; but on light soils is not valuable. Mr. Knox would double star it for Western Pennsylvania. Mr. Hexamer. — It is absolutely necessary to grow it on heavy soil, and for such would give it double stars. Mr. Wilder had once opposed this variety, but now has cause to favor it. It is most showv, and takes a high stand in market ; but it must.be groAvn in hills. Mr. Hyde said it was valuable in all heavy soils when grown in hills ; but if left to run in the mass, or bed form, the fruit was small and not productive. trollope's victoria. Mr. Saul has grown it some years, and each year it be- comes more and more uncertain. It has been a total faihu'e the past two years. Mr. Fuller said that the fact that the variety had been introduced under half a dozen or more names as a new val- uable variety, was a good recommendation for it. Mr. Wilder said it was the most popular strawberry of the Paris market. walker. Dr. Hexamer would strike it from the Catalogue. Wilson's alb any. Mr. Earle would star it for Massachusetts. Mr. Lines would double star it for Kansas. Messrs. Hyde and Hovey objected to a star for Massa- chusetts. Mr. Bryant said he would give it two stars for Illinois. ^ Dr. Wylie said it was one of the most profitable in South Carolina. Mr. H. T. Williams would double star it for Delaware. Mr. Nichols would double star it for Indiana. DISCUSSIONS. 69 Mr. Kent, of Virginia, said it was the most valuable strawberry in existence. He would not exchange it for all others put together. Mr. Knox said there was no strawberry so greatly over- rated as the Wilson. If strawberry growing is unprofitable, it is because the Wilson is so generally cultivated. It is regarded as productive, but, as compared with Jucunda and some others, it has been greatly overpraised, while its qual- ity and appearance tend to lessen rather than add to the public taste and demand for the fruit as a food. Mr. Saul said he thought no berry equalled it for pro- ductiveness, but the dealer could not sell it in his market if any other variety could be purchased. Mr. Allan, of Virginia, said it was one of the most pro- ductive and hardy, and their only standard for profit in Virginia and North Carolina. Messrs. Arnold and Quinn spoke of it as the strawberry for the million, and when fully ripe not bad to take. Mr. Saul said the heaviest crop of strawberries ever grown was from the Hovey. Mr. Wilder spoke of it as one of the best for carriage, but he never yet saw a strawberry of first quality that would carry well to a great distance. Dr. Hexamer spoke of Triomph de Gand as carrying and keeping better than Wilson. CHARLES DOWNING. Mr, Downer, of Kentucky, would give two stars for the Charles Downing. Mr. Saul would give it one star for the District of Columbia. Mr. Hexamer would give one star for East New York. Mr. Knox would give one star for Western Pennsylvania. Mr. Arnold would give one star for Canada West. Mr. Earle said it was one of the finest varieties and promised to supersede the Wilson. 70 DISCUSSIONS. Mr. YouxGLOVE said it was a few days later than Wilson, but will probably supersede it. Dr. Wakder would give it one star for Ohio. Mr. H. T. Williams would give it one star for Delaware. Mr. Trowbridge would give it one star for Connecticut. Messrs. Quon and Fuller would give one star for New Jersey. Mr. Hicks, of L.I.,- would give one star for East New York. AGRICULTURIST. Mr. Parry said the Agriculturist does well in New Jersey. Mr. QuiNN would give it a star for his section in New Jersey. Mr. Frierson said it was of no value for him. Mr. DowxiNG said it did well with him. Mr. DowxER, of Ky., would star it for Kentucky. Dr. Sylvester would star it for Western New York. Mr. Satterthwaite would star it for Pennsylvania, as he considers it most valuable of all varieties. Mr. H. T. Williams said it does well in Delaware. Mr. Kxox said it does well some years, and badly the next. Is unreliable. green prolific. Mr. DowxER said valuable in Kentucky. Messrs, Quinn, Warder, and Wier regarded it as valuable near market, but would not bear shipping. Mr. JoHNSOX, of Palmyra, said he had shipped it to New York, and it carried well. JUCUNDA. ^ Mr. Arnold considers it the best foreign berry in culti- vation. Dr. Hexamer would give it two stars for East New York. DISCUSSIONS. 71 Mr. Fuller said it was worthless with him in New Jersey. Mr. Parsons said it succeeded well about Flushing, L.I. Mr. E. Williams said that for stiff soils, and with good cultivation, it was worthy a star for New Jersey. Mr. Frieii:^on said that in Tennessee it burns badly, and is not desirable. Mr. Trowbridge said that it failed in Connecticut. Mr. Saul said that in District of Columbia it succeeds middling well. Mr. Allan said that in North Carolina and Virginia it burns badly, and is a failure. Mr. Knox said he should be in favor of putting all the stars to the variety allowed, as with him and in the hands of hundreds of others, it had proved a glorious success. napoleon III. Mr. Fuller would not add Napoleon III. to the Cata- logue. Mr. HovEY said he had discarded it. The fruit was beautiful, but it was not worthy general cultivation. Messrs. Saul and Quinn said it was a variety somewhat noted, but was superseded by others of better character. NICANOR. Mr. Saul, of Washington, D.C., said the Nicanor was a new and very profitable variety. It was not of the largest size, but was of fair size and very good flavor and form. Dr. Warder, of Ohio, said when grown in hills it was a rival of Wilson in productiveness and superior in quality. Dr. Hexamer said it was hardy, but too small to com- pare with Jucunda. Mr. Fuller said it was not half size of Wilson. Dr. Hexamer said it should be grown in hills. Mr. Parry said it was a fine quality of fruit, but too small. 72 DISCUSSIONS. Mr. WiER said it "was perhaps not as large as the largest Wilson's, but it was more uniform and continuous in size ; was of good color, very productive and valuable. KIVERS' SEEDLING ELIZA. Mr. Saul said Elvers' Seedling Eliza was the best of all the foreign varieties in Washington. Dr. Warder and Mr. Fuller both spoke of it as a fine fruit, but a poor bearer. PRESIDENT WILDER. Mr. Hyde said the President Wilder, as all knew, was a new variety, originated by the esteemed President of the Pomological Society, and having seen and examined it for several years, and although he now had no connection with Mr. Tilton, its disseminator, yet he was prepared to say it was of large size, handsome in form and color, glossy and moderately firm, and of excellent quality of flesh. He had seen it in Col. AVilder's grounds, where it is gro^^Ti among and under the shade of pear-trees, and in an unfavorable location. It there gave a large crop of large fi'uit. It makes runners quite freely, and the roots are strong. It has also been tested off from Col. Wilder's grounds, and has proved equally good. It was produced from the Hovey fertilized with La Constant. The flowers are per- fect, and the fruit as firm as La Constant. Mr. Meehan said he had visited Col. Wilder's grounds, where he saw the plants, which were healthy and vigorous. Mr. Fuller indorsed Mr. Mechan's remarks. Mr. HovEY coincided with what Mr. Hyde had said. The fruit had been shown for five years before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, and was by all as well as himself con- sidered the most promising new sort brought out for many years. Mr. Downing said he had seen the fruit and vines in Mr. Wilder's grounds. It was one of the most promising of all DISCUSSIONS. 73 the new varieties ; it is of large size, fine color, firm and excellent. Mr. Wilder stated that although he considered it a supe- rior variety, he himself had not commended the strawberry, as it was of his own production. The recommendation had come from the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, after an examination of the fruit and vines for five years. MEXICAN EVERBEARING. The President called on Mr. Meehan respecting the Mexican Everbearing, who answered, that it was a variety that all had heard of and at first considered it probably an old sort, and not of much account. But in course of time some botanists got at it and called it a new species, — a point which interested him as a botanist, and accordingly he went to Detroit to examine it. His examination led him to con- sider it not a new species, but a variety distinct from old monthly Red Alpine. It differs in several characters — it bears more abundantly, the fruit is larger, and, although the flesh is somewhat pasty, it has a most delicious perfume. Mr. Wfer, of 111., has had the plants in fruit all summer. It has been a strange season, wet and cold, and perhaps it would do as M^ell in a dry season. Doubts its being a very great acquisition. Dr. Warder and Mr. Elliott both spoke of it as a dis- tinct variety, exhibiting in the proprietor's grounds great productiveness, which may perhaps be partially attributable to the season. Mr. Fuller, of N. J., said he considered it no more nor less than the old monthly Red Alpine, and if any one wanted plants to compare, he would send them free of charge. Mr. Meehan said he thought he could see wherein laid the difference between his friend Fuller and others, and he thought when he had more information in regard to the Mexican, they should not disagree. Either Mr. Fuller has seen Alpines which others have not seen, or he has not seen the same Mexican Strawberry which we have seen. 10 74 DISCUSSIONS. Mr. Fuller replied that he received his Mexican pLants direct from Mr. ^V^hiting. Mr. Chapin, from Boston, spoke of having visited the original bed during the past week, and of having found the vines literally loaded with fruit, of which several bushels were here on exhibition in the hall of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. peak's emperor. Mr. JoHxsoN, of Palmyra, spoke of Peak's Emperor as resembling Agriculturist very closely, but that it succeeds where that variety does not. The President remarked there was a large class of fruits so nearly resembling the parent as to make them almost identical. The Pomeyn Seedling was one ; it could not be distinguished from Triomph de Gand. Mr. Wier, of 111., said he had thirteen seedlings of Nica- nor, twelve of which could not be detected from the parent. LADY OF THE LAKE. Mr. Hyde spoke of the Lady of the Lake as one of great productiveness ; is of good size, rather rough in appearance, dark red ; not of high flavor, but a moderately pleasant acid ; valuable, perhaps, where a large quantity is desii-ed. TRIOMPH OF AMERICA. Mr. Parry said he had grown the Triomph of America several years ; it was of large size, fine quality, but a poor bearer, and the plant not hardy. The discussion on strawberries closed, and Society ad- journed to three o'clock, p.m. AFTERNOON SESSION. The Society re-assembled at three o'clock, p.m., President Wilder in the chair. The President presented a letter from Col. Warren, editor DISCUSSIONS. 75 of the Cnlifornla Farmer, of California, M-hich was referred to the Secretary for publication. The Society then proceeded with its discussions ; and Rasp- berries were taken up by the Secretary reading the Catalogue and asking for corrections and information. RASPBERRIES. The American Black or Doolittle, Belle de Pallnau, and Belle de Fontenay were read without a remark asking for change in the Catalogue. CATAWISSA. Mr. Strong would give it a star for Massachusetts. Mr. Fuller said it was a good autumn sort. CLARKE. Dr. Hexamer would star it for East New York. Mr. Andrews Avould omit its culture. Mr. Maxwell would star it for West New York. Mr. S. B. Parsons said it was perfectly hardy on Long Island ; a good bearer, a fine fruit, but suckered badly, and the suckers should be kept subdued. He would give it two stars for Long Island. Mr. WiER would give it one star for Illinois. Mr. Knox would star it for Western Pennsylvania. Mr. Wilder asked if it was hardy without covering, to which Mr. Campisell responded that it had borne unharmed 24° below zero with him at Delaware, O. Mr E. Williams said it was not hardy in New Jersey. Messrs. Knox and Parsons, again spoke of the necessity of keeping down suckers, as having influence on its hardi- hood. Mr. Parsons said it Avas best on heavy soil. Mr. Fuller coincided, and said that was the fact with all of the Antwerp class, but the Clark did not succeed well on sandy soil. 7fi DISCUSSIONS. Mr. WiEj?, of Illinois, said he made his plantations by transplanting the suckers in summer, and thought by so doing his canes were better. Mr. Wilder said he received the first plants ever sold, and after trial has dispensed with it. It required covering in winter with him as much as any of its class. • ELLLSDAEE. Mr S, B. Paesons would star it for Long Island. Dr. Hexamer would star it for East New York. Mr. WiER would star it for Illinois. FASTOLF. Mr. K^'OX would remove the star for Western Penn- sylvania. FRAXCOXIA. Messrs. Stroxg and Wilder would star it for Massa- chusetts. Dr. Hexamer would remove it from East New York. Mr. Kxox would double star it for Western Pennsylvania. frexch. Dr. Hexamer would remove the star for East New York. Dr. Warder said all the varieties that require covering are perfectly useless at the West, as the covering breaks nine tenths of the canes. Mr. Bkyaxt, Sen., said that in Illinois, they make so strong a growth that they cannot W(;ll be laid down. Mr. S. B. Parsons said it would pay to cover even large plantations of fifteen or twenty acres, when the fruit was as good as the Clark. -•' IIORXET. Mr. Kxox Avould double star the Hornet for Western Pennsylvania. DISCUSSIONS. 77 Messrs. Wilder and Stkoxg would star it for Massa- chusetts. Mr. Nichols would star it for Indiana. knevett's giant. Mr. Hyde would star it for Massachusetts. For twenty years it has taken a first prize as a red raspberry. Mr. Wilder spoke of it as having been received from Europe, but now entirely unknown there. lum's autumn black cap. Mr. Johnson, of Palmyra N.Y., spoke of Lum's Autumn Black Cap, as proving valuable. Dr. Warder said it succeeded finely in South Ohio. Mr. Fuller said it was a fine berry, but with too much bloom, would star it for New Jersey. Messrs. Hexamer and Johnson would star it for East New York. MIAMI, OR mammoth CLUSTER. Dr. Warder would star it for Southern Ohio. Mr. Kelsey, of Kansas, said they were cultivating two varieties ; one from Southern Illinois, which was much the largest, and identical with the Mammoth Cluster. The Secretary said the Miami on the Catalogue was sup- posed to mean the large variety, and members would please so consider it in speaking. Mr. Maxwell would double star it for West New York. Mr. Wier would double star for Illinois. Mr. Fuller would double star for New Jersey. Mr. Kelsey would double star for Kansas. ORANGE. Dr. Warder would remove the star for South Ohio. Mr. S. B. Parsons would remove the star for East New York. The canes lose their leaves and the wood does not ripen. 78 DISCUSSIONS. j\Ir. Hicks said it Avas unsuccessful on Long Island. Mr. Trowbridge would remove the star for Connecticut. Mr. WiER would remove the star for Illinois. Mr. Herstixe would remove the star for Eastern Pennsyl- vania. Mr, Scott objected. Mr. Hyde would give it a star for Massachusetts. The President said it does well in Massachusetts. Mr. Knox said it was a variety that required shade, and then it succeeded well. PHILADELPHIA. Mr. Wier would double star the Philadelphia for Illinois. Dr. Hexamer would double star for East New York. Mr. Johnson would star it for "Western New York. Mr. Knox would star it for Western Pennsylvania. Mr. Downer would star it for Kentucky. Mr. Nichols would double star for Indiana. Mr. Parsons would not star it for Long Island. Mr. Hicks. — It is productive on the light soils of Long Island ; although not as good flavor as some, yet profitable, and should be starred. Dr. Warder would star it for South Ohio. Mr. H. T. Williams would star it for Delaware. Mr. Lines would star it for Kansas. INIr. Davis would star it for Virginia. Mr. Saul would star it for District of Columbia. Mr. Strong, of Mass., said it was productive and hardy, but not good enough ; and when carried to market, it crum- bles and mashes badly. Mr. Herstine would star it for Eastern Pennsylvania. purple cane. ^ Mr. Knox would remove it from the Catalogue. Dr. Hexamer and Mr. Hicks would remove it. Mr. Fuller objected. Mr. Parsons objected; he would star it for East New York. DISCUSSIONS. 79 Ml'. Joiixsox would star it for Western Xew York. Mr. Kelsey would star it for Kansas ; it is a good variety for home use. Mr. WiER, of 111. — Knows a plantation of it thirty-five years old, and it is yet productive. Dr. Warder would star it for South Ohio. Mr. J. E. Mitchell would star it for Eastern Pennsylvania. RED ANTWERP OF HUDSON RIVER. Dr. W^ARDER would remove star for South Ohio. Mr. Knox would remove it from Western Pennsylvania. Mr. Herstine would remove it from East Pennsylvania. Mr. Scott would retain it for East Pennsylvania. Mr. Ellw anger would remove the star for West N.Y. Mr. Parsons said it was not valuable on Long Island. yellow ANTWERP. Mr. Trowbridge would remove the star for Connecticut. Messrs. Wier, Fuller, Knox, Williams of N. J., Hexa- mer, Hicks, Warder, Parsons, Lines, Erierson, Strong, and Andrews would remove it from the Catalogue. MINNESOTA. Mr. Wier spoke of the Minnesota as of the Black- Cap family, but the fruit yellow and very fine. PILATE. Mr. Knox said this is a valuable variety for Western Penn- sylvania, — a fine fruit, nearly as large as the Hornet. Mr. Mitchell agreed with Mr. Knox. PROSSER, or BURLINGTON. Mr. Fuller said there is no distinct raspberry known as Prosser or Burlington. The original plants were grown and sent out indiscriminately from a bed of seedlings, and it is not probable any two are alike. 80 DISCUSSIONS. BLACKBERRIES. CUMBERLAND. Mr. Parry, of N.J., said the Cumberland was a medium- sized blackberry, of fair quality, and productive, but "would not compare in value for market purposes with New Ro- chelle, Dorchester, or Kittatinny, etc. DORCHESTER. Mr. Hexamer would remove the star for Eastern New York. Duncan's falls mammoth. Mr. Elliott said this was a variety new to him. It had ripened very early, and Avas of superior quality ; a variety of good promise. kittatinny. Mr. WiER would double star the Kittatinny for Illinois. Mr. Knox would double star it for West Pennsylvania. Mr. Hexamer would double star it for East New York. Mr. Johnson would double star it for West New York. Mr. Strong would double star it for Massachusetts. Mr, Herstine would double star it for East Pennsylvania. Mr. H. T. Williams would double star it for Delaware. Mr. Kelsey would star it for Kansas. NEW rochelle. Mr. Hexamer would remove the star for East New York. Mr. G. F. B. Leighton would give it one star for Virginia. MISSOURI mammoth. ' Mr. Wilder said a neighbor of his, after two years' trial, was digging his plants of Missouri Mammoth all up and throwing them away. Mr. Fuller said he should discard it. DISCUSSIONS. 81 Mr. WiER said he should advise gentlemen to try it another year ; he had seen them very fine. WILSON S EARLY. Mr. E. Williams would have no star for New Jersey. Mr. Moody would have no star for West New York. Mr. Fuller would double star it for Central New Jersey. Mr. Herstine would double star it for East Pennsylvania. Mr. Allen would star it for Virginia. Mr. Knox would star it for Western Pennsylvania. Mr. H. I. Williams would double star it for Delaware. Mr. Strong would star it for Massachusetts. SABLE queen. Mr. J. W, Manning, of Reading, Mass., spoke in favor of Sable Queen, as of good quality, etc. CURRANTS. LONG BUNCHED RED. Mr. WiER said the Long Bunched Red, or Holland, was one of the very best. No other remarks were made on currants with a view to change the Society's Catalogue ; and although gooseberries were brought before the members for discussion, there Avas expressed no new experience. A communication was received from Messrs. Pettingill, Bates & Co., proprietors and publishers of the Hearth cmd Home, tendering fifteen hundred copies of their journal to the use of members of the Society. The donation was received, and the thanks of the Society returned. Mr. Whitlock, of New York, on behalf of the American Institute, of New York, tendered a cordial invitation to the members of the American Pomological Society to visit the 82 DISCUSSIONS. exhibition of the Institute now being held in New York City. The invitation was received, and the thanks of the Society returned. The President then thanked the delegates for their prompt attendance and attention. He said the next meeting was to be in Richmond, and he was glad to go South and meet his old friends ag.ain, who had been so long separated. He concluded by wishing health, happiness, and prosperity to all the delegates. Ex-Governor Smyth, of New Hampshire, moved that the thanks of this meeting be tendered to the president, secre- tary, and treasurer of the American Pomological Society, which was unanimously carried. The President then said he was the first president of this Society, and he hoped he should not be the last. He had spent a long life in the work, and he hoped as long as that life was continued to work for the Society. He was much applauded. The Convention then adjourned until September, 1871, to meet in Richmond, Va. EEPOETS OF COMMITTEES. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. To the President and Memhers of tlie American Pomological Society: — Your Committee appointed on Credentials have attended to their duties, and beg leave to report, as follows : MASSACHUSETTS. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. — President, J. F. C. Hyde; Charles M. Hovey, William C. Strong, Charles O. Whitmore, P. B. Hovey, E. W. Buswell, George M. Dexter, C. H. B. Breck, J. H. Billings, Hervey Davis, E. W. Cobb, J. E. Hodgkins, A. D. Weld, J. M. Merrick, Jr., Eobert Manning, S. W. Tilton, F. P. Denny, J. E. M. Gilley, B. K. Bliss, J. W. Manning, E. F. Washburn, N. B. White. Essex Agricultural Society. — Thomas C. Thurlow, West Newbury. Essex Institute. — Robert Manning, Salem. Worcester County Horticultural Society. — Obadiah B. Had- were, W. W. Cook, Hon. John Milton Earle. RHODE ISLAND. Rhode Island Horticultural Society. — Joseph H. Bourne, Royal C. Taft, Daniel Leach, Edward D. Pearce, Cyrus B. Manchester, Edward B. Whitemarsh, Alvah W. Godding, Silas Moore, Lewis Dexter, Charles A. Nichols, Robert Cushman, Arthur F. Dexter, J. Erastus Lester, Benjamin W. Ham, Daniel J. Lyman. Rhode Island Society for Encouragement of Domestic Indus- try. — Joseph H. Bourne, Ed. D. Pearce, Jaines Eldred, Ed. P. Taft, Henry S. Mansfield. 84 EErORTS OF COjMMITTEES. NEW YORK. Farmers' Club of American Inst'itute, of Neiv Yorlc. — I. P. Trimble, P. T. Quin, D. H. Tichener, Dr. T. M. Hexamcr, Isaac Hicks, Western New YorJc Horticulfural Society. — James Vick, P. Barry, George EUwanger, William Hunt, E. Moody, John Charlton, E. C. Selover, E. W. Herenden, W. Brown Smith, E. Ware Sylvester, T. C. Maxwell, S. S. Graves, J. W. Helmer, L. P. Hard. Newhvrgh Bay Horticulfural Society. — Charles Downing, D. A. Scott, J. J. Morrell, John Forsyth, J. C. Chapman Francis Kelley, C. Gilbert Fowler, Charles Dubois, Henry Cornell, Daniel Smith, G. W. Leonard, W. D. Humphries. Geneva Horticultural Society. — T. C. Maxwell, S. S. Graves, E. W. Herenden, E. C. Selover. Westchester County, of New York, Agricultural and Horti- cultural Society. — Henry Wood, Dr. Hexamer. KENTUCKY. Kentucky Horticultural Society. — Thomas S. Kennedy, S. L. Gaar, Dr. W. M. Allen, Jacob Johnson, Ormsby White, Dr. L. P. Yandell, Sen., Prof. E. A. Grant, J. S. Downer, Z. R. Huggins, Isaac Woodson, D. L. Adair. OHIO. Ohio State Horticultural Society. — J. A. Warder, G. W. Campbell, F. E. Elliott. Ohio State Grape Growers' Association. — J. A. Warder, G. W. Campbell. Cincinnati Horticultural Society. — J. A. Warder. NEW JERSEY. .^Agricultural and Hortictdtural Society of Franldinvillc, New Jersey. — Rev. A. L. Leonard, President; William V. L. Seig- man, Joseph Wilson, Seth E. Hall. EErORTS OF COINIMITTEES. 85 West Jersey Fruit Growers^ Association. — Nathan Leeds, Silas Walton, Thomas C. Andrews, Jacob Shedaker, Emmor Koberts. Agricultural, Horticultural, and Floral Society of lona, New Jersey. — Rev. Isaac Leonard, J. H. Leonard. New Jersey State Agricultural Society. — P. T. Quin, Dr. I. P. Trimble, E. Williams, D. H. Tichener, D. I). Buchannan. Vineland Agricultural and, Horticultural Society. — I. P. Trimble, William O. H. Gwynneth, J. W. Merrifield, C. B. Campbell, Philip Snyder. Salem County Agricultural and Horticultural Society. — David Petit, Richard M. Acton, Jonathan Ingram, James M. Hannah. PENNSYLVANIA. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. — Robert Buist, William Parry, William Hacker, D. R. King, E. Satterthwaite, A. W. Harrison, Thomas Meehan, S. W. Noble, J. E. Mitchell, Charles P. Hayes, Thomas P. James, J. S. Houghton, New- berry A. Smith. Progressive Gardeners' Society, of Philadelphia. — A. M. Spangler, Prof. L. Stephens. Franklin County Horticultural Society. — T. B. Jenkins, R. P. Hazlett, Dr. E. Culbertson, A. J. White, N. G. Reed, James Reside, John P. Keefer, J. S. Nixon, B. L. Ryder, Prank Henderson, James B. Gillan. Pittsburg Horticultural Society. — J. Knox, Moses C. Ness. Pennsxjlrania Fruit Growers' Society. — D. W. Gross, E. H. Conklin, H. M. Engle, C. Reist, T. M. Harvey, S. W. Noble, William Hacker. CANADA. Agricidtural and Arts Association of Ontario, Canada. — W. H. Mills, Esq. 8Q EEPORTS OF COlOnXTEES. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. — William Saunders. VIRGINIA. Virginia Horticultural and Pomological Society, — J. J. Werth, W. H. Haxall, Dr. S. P. Moore, F. Davis, J. S. Tower, Jno. M. Allan. Norfolk Horticultural and Pomological Society. — G. F. B. Leighton, John B. Whitehead. Virginia State Agricultural Society. — W. L. Hill. SOUTH CAROLINA. South Carolina Agricultural and Horticultural Society. — Dr. A. P. Wylie. IOWA. Iowa State Horticultural Society. — Mark Miller, David Leonard. KANSAS. Kansas State Horticultural Society. — S. T. Kelsey, Dr. W, M. Howslcy, George T. Anthony, G B. Lines. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Nciv Hampshire State Agricultural Society. — Frederick Smyth. J. S. Houghton, William Saunders, Stephen Underhill, Committee. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FRUITS EXHIBITED. The Committee appointed to make a record of the number of plates of fi'uits exhibited beg leave to report : REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 87 OAving to the failure of several exhibitors to furnish a list of varieties presented, we find it impossible to separate their collections. We have, in consequence, only given the total number of each kind : Apples, 1254 plates. 1594 « 38 " 51 '' 41 dishes and 25 bunches. Pears, Peaches, Plums, Grapes, Native, *' Exotic, In addition to the above, we also find several dishes of Quinces, Cranberries, Strawberries, &c,, which make a total of a little over 3200 dishes of fruits on exhibition. All of which is respectfully submitted. A. S. FULLEK, J. L. McIntosh, P. Davis, J. S. Downer, Wm. Griffith, Committee. The Secretary would add to the above Committee's report, that the list of varieties handed in by Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry numbered 210 varieties of pears, 38 varieties of plums, and 6 varieties of apples. The list of the President of the Society, Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, numbered 150 varieties of pears. He also presented beautiful specimens of pears and apples which he had received from California. Hovcy & Co., a large collection of pears. Several cases of fruits were also received by the Pennsylvania Horticultural Soci- ety from Dr. Strenzel, Martinez, California, embracing pears, apples, quinces, grapes, and other fruits, but too late for exhibition before the Society. They were afterwards placed on exhibition, both in Philadelphia and Boston, and attracted great attention on account of their size and beauty. 88 RErORTS OF C03IMITTEES. EEPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN FRUITS. The Committee on Foreign Fruits respectfully report, that among the large number of new varieties of foreign fruits introduced of late years, very few have been suffi- ciently tested since the last meeting of the Society, to enable the Committee to speak of their qualities, and express a reliable opinion of their value. The interest in new varieties has of late years declined, cultivators generally being disposed to plant only well- proved standard sorts. NEW FOllEIGN PEAES. Marie Louise d' Uccle. — Fruit large to very large ; skin rough, and mostly covered with russet ; flesh rather coarse, melting, juicy, with a rich vinous flavor. Ripens latter end of October. Tree a good grower, and promises to be very productive. Amtlie le Clerc. — Fruit medium size ; skin greenish yel- low, marbled lightly with red and russet ; flesh white, melt- ing, juicy ; first-rate. Tree a free grower, with long slender shoots. Maturity, first to middle of October. Bergamot de Millepieds. — Fruit large, obovatc, oval ; skin lemon yellow, with numerous large, fawn-colored dots ; flesh white, almost melting ; sweet, with a high musky per- fume. Kipe latter end of October. Tree a good grower and bearer. Bemre de Paimpol. — Fruit medium size, oval, obovate ; skin greenish yellow ; flesh melting ; sweet and vinous ; excellent. A great bearer ; ripe middle of September. Precoce GoubauU. — Fruit medium size, pyriform ; skin greenish yellow, marked with russet around the stalk and calyx ; flesh melting, juicy, vinous, somewhat astringent. Eipe middle of August. Duchcsse de Bordeaux. — Fruit medium size, roundish, irregular ; skin thick and rough, of a deep brownish yellow ; EEPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 89 flesh yellowish Avhite ; fine, melthig, sweet and very juicy ; keeps till March and April. Tested in Philadelphia, and highly recommended. Beurre de rAssompiio7i. — Fruit large, surpassing the Bart- lett in size ; flesh is half fine, melting, juicy, sugary, and w^ell flavored ; ripens from the end of July till the end of August. The w-ood is strong and very vigorous. Received from Europe with very high recommendations. Not fruited yet in this country. Souvenir du Congres. — Fruit large to very large; skin smooth, of a handsome yellow at maturity ; washed with bright red on the sunny side ; flesh much like the Bartlett ; ripe August and September. Tree vigorous and produc- tive. Comes highly recommended from France ; not fruited yet in this country. Andre Desportes. — Fruit medium to large ; color yellowish green ; fair flavor, pleasant, sprightly, slight aroma. Season, August 15. Keeps well ; quality very good for an early fruit. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive. Beurre Dumont. — Fruit medium to large ; stem short, rather thick ; form obovate, similar to Beurre d'Anjou ; color dull yellowish green, becoming yellow at maturity, with brownish red cheek ; flesh sweet, buttery, rich, with a little nut-like flavor. Season, November. Quality, " very good." Petite Marguerite. — Size medium ; color greenish yellow, with occasional marbled cheek ; flesh buttery, tender, very melting and juicy, sweet, sprightly ; pleasant aroma. Season, last of August. One of the best early pears. Tree healthy ; very productive. Louise Bonne de Printemps. — Size medium ; color dull yellow, thinly overcast with cinnamon russet, marbled with brown and red on the cheek ; flesh melting, juicy, sugary, rich, aromatic. Season, January to February. Quality, " very good." 12 90 REPORTS OF C03OIITTEES. FOREIGN GRAPES (EITHER NEW OR RECENTLY INTRODUCED). Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat. — Large, tapering ; bunches well shouldered ; berries oval, of a purple black color ; me- dium size ; flesh firm and vinous, with a rich muscat flavor. Sets freely, and hangs long on the vine. Will prove to be the finest late grape. Golden Champion. — Bunch large, round ; berries amber color ; exquisite flavor ; a great bearer, and as early as the Black Hamburgh. Duchess of Buccleuch. — Bunch long, tapering ; good fla- vor ; very early, and very similar to the Sweet Water. Royal Ascot. — Black ; medium size ; rich flavor ; very prolific ; has the peculiar characteristic of producing a sucession of bunches during its whole growing season ; bunches, we fear, will be defective in size and shape. Due de Magenta. — A large black grape ; flesh juicy and very rich ; vigorous ; ripens two weeks before the Black Hamburgh. Trehbiano. — Bunches very large, broad shouldered and well set ; berries medium, roundish oval ; skin greenish white, covered with a delicate bloom ; flesh firm and crackling. Early Smyrna Frontignan. — Bunch medium ; berries medium, round, amber green ; slight Frontignan flavor ; earliest of that class. Muscat Ottonel. — Bunch small, compact ; berries small, greenish white ; sweet; distinct muscat aroma ; fine. Due de Malakoff. — Bunch medium, compact ; berries full, medium, greenish amber ; sweet, like Sweet Water. Early Silver Frontignan. — Bunch large, slightly shoul- dered; berries large, round; skin thin, greenish, covered with white bloom ; tender and good. Muscat or Frontignan •flavor scarcely perceptible. A fine handsome grape, and very prolific. REPORTS OF COilMTTEES. 91 Foster's White Seedling. — Bunch large, compact ; berries roundish oval ; pale greenish yellow, with bloom, and small russet dots ; skin thin, full of juice ; not high flavored ; a fine white grape. Muscat d'Aout. — (August Frontignan.) Berries medium size, round, inclining to oval ; skin deep purple ; flesh very rich and juicy, with a slight muscat flavor ; an early grape. Jura Black Muscat. — Bunches large, long and tapering ; flesh tender, very juicy, with a high muscat flavor ; berries above medium size, oval and well set ; a vigorous groAver, and very prolific. Valuable. Black Champion. Bunches good size, rather short ; ber- ries large, roundish oval ; flesh tender, somewhat firm ; very juicy, rich and sweet ; prolific ; ripens earlier and colors better than the Black Hamburgh. Early Black Bordeaux. — Bunches medium size ; berries medium, round ; flesh tender and juicy ; excellent quality ; early and prolific ; before the Black Hamburgh. FOREIGN PLUMS. Jtily Green Gage. — Fruit size and shape of Green Gage ; skin thin, of a fine deep yellow, flushed with bright crimson on the sunny side ; flesh deep yellow, very tender and juicy, sugary and richly flavored ; ripe middle of August ; very productive. Transparent Green Gage. — Fruit larger than the Green Gage ; skin thin and transparent ; greenish yellow, dotted and marbled with red ; flesh greenish yellow ; rather firm ; very juicy ; Avith a rich honeyed sweetness ; separating from the stone ; ripe middle of September. FOREIGN RASPBERRIES. Imperial Red. — A French variety, of medium size ; fair quality ; prolific, hardy and firm. Semper Fidclis. — An English variety, red, large, very fine. Victoria. — Eed, one of the largest and best ; vigorous and hardy. 92 KEPORTS OF CO]VrMl^^-.ES. FOREIGN STRAWBERRIES. Prince Imperial. — Light red, large, conical, often flattened ; prolific and hardy, with good foliage ; promises well. La T*erlc. — Bright scarlet, with glossy neck ; good flav^or ; early. Perpetual Pine. — Staminate ; large size, conical, rich pine- apple flavor ; an abundant bearer ; very promising, and an excellent variety for forcing as well as market purposes. Imperial. — Light red, very large, heart-shaped or flattened, long stalks ; moderately productive, very late, promising. Monstrous Hauthois. — Dark red, conical; high flavored and productive. Roijal Hauthois. — Dark red ; large and productive. Geo. Ellwanger, R. BuiST, P. J. Berckmans, Committee. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON NATIVE FRUITS. The Committee on Native Fruits respectfully report, that since the last meeting of the Society a large number of new varieties, of American origin, have been brought to notice. In grapes, strawberries, and raspberries, especially, the acquisi- tions have been very numerous — some varieties being chance seedlings, but many the result of systematic crossing and hybridizing. A large number of these new varieties have not been fruited at other than the place of their origin. Some of them will doubtless prove synonymous with old sorts. ISIany will most likely prove to be of little value ; whilst a few will be important additions to the catalogue of useful sorts. The Committee would take this occasion to congratulate the American Pomological Society, and the fruit-growers of the country in general, that so much intelligent and per- EEPORTS OF COIVEVIITTEES. 93 severing eflfort is now being given to the production of new and improved varieties in all parts of our country. With the limited knowledge of your Committee concern- ing the particular characteristics and qualities of a majority of these new varieties, they have thought it best to merely enumerate them in the following manner, so as to place them on record in the Society's Transactions and bring them to the attention of cultivators : APPLES. Morrison's Red. — Origin, Massachusetts ; season, Novem- ber to April ; described in Journal of Horticulture. Hamilton. — Origin, Pulaski, 111. ; season, September, October ; described in Journal of Horticulture ; large. Woodland. — Origin, Pulaski, 111. ; season, winter ; de- scribed in Joiirnal of Horticulture. Bottle Greening. — Origin, Dedham, Mass. ; season, Octo- ber to February ; described in Journal of Horticulture. Sawyer Apple. — Origin, Hillsboro', 111. ; described by Dr. Warder, in Joiirnal of Horticulture, as a handsome, fine apple ; keeping till July. Nelson. — Origin, Wilmington, 111. ; described by Dr. Warder, in Journal of Horticidture, as a large, sweet apple ; season. May to July. Davis Sweet. — Origin, Monroe Co., Ohio ; described in Journal of Horticulture, by Dr. Warder, as a long-keeping, sweet apple. Fanny. — Origin, Lancaster Co., Pa. ; described in Gard- ners' Monthly ; said to resemble Red Astracan ; early. Pine Strawberry. — Origin, Mississippi ; described by Dr. Warder, in Journal of Horticulture, as a good winter variety. Democrat, syn. VaricJc. — Origin, Tompkins Co., N. Y. ; described by Charles Downing, in Horticulturist, as a fine winter apple for family use. Stymus. — Origin, Dobbs' Ferry, N.Y. ; described by 94 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. Charles Downing, in Horticulturist, as resembling Esopus Spitzenberg ; October to January. Major. — Origin, Northumberland Co., Pa. ; described in Horticulturist, 1867, as a large, showy, market fruit. Crotcher. — Origin, Maryland ; season, August ; described in Horticulturist, 1867. Rasche. — Origin, Missouri ; described by Elliott, in Hor- ticulturist, 1867, as of medium size, fine quality ; tree strong grower, hardy and productive ; season, December to March. stark. Stark. — Origin unknown ; recently brought to notice ; cultivated in Ohio. A large, fair market fruit ; keeps well. Tender Skin. — Origin, South Carolina ; described in Journal of Horticulture as a fine early winter variety. Bergner. — Origin, Hermann, Mo. ; described by Elliott, in Horticulturist, 1868, as a large, fine apple ; season, winter and spring. r Naigle's Winter. — Origin, IMissouri ; described by Elliott, in Horficuhurist, as an enormous bearer ; resembles Fameuse ; mid-winter. REPORTS OF COIVIMITTEES. 95 Utter. — Origin, Madison Co., Wis. ; described by Elliott, in Horticulturist, as very hardy and productive ; valuable for the West as Baldwin for the East ; season, fall and early winter. • Caroline. — Origin, near Fremont, Ohio ; described by Elli- ott, in Horticulturist, as a fine September fruit for amateurs. Bush's Beauty. — Origin, near Sandusky, O. ; described by Elliott, in Horticulturist, as a valuable fall apple for market. Moore's Extra. — Origin, Scioto Co., O. ; described by Elliott, in Horticulturist, as a very large and good apple ; season, December, January. Ogdensburgh. — Origin, Ogdensburgh, N.Y. ; described by Elliott, in Horticulturist, as a variety of great promise for private use ; season, late fall and early winter. Stiirr. — Origin, Woodbury, N.J. ; said to be valuable ; season, last July, early August. Ingraham. — Origin, Green Co., Mo. ; described by Elliott, in Horticulturist, as a seedling of Rawle's Janet ; keeping till July. Hides' Apple. — Origin, Hempstead, L.I., described in Horticulturist, by Isaac Hicks, as a large, handsome, sweet apple ; season, August. Tyre Beauty. — Originated in Seneca Co., N.Y. ; a beau- tiful and excellent fall apple, described in Rural New Yorker ; season, September. Missouri /Superior. — From Missouri ; described as a large, handsome, striped apple, of good quality ; season, December to February ; resembles, and supposed by some to be identi- cal with, the " Large Striped Pearmain," of Kentucky. Masten's Seedling. — Origin, Pleasant Valley, Dutchess Co., N.Y. ; described in Horticulturist, 1867, as of good quality ; season, December to April. Prolific Blush. — Origin, Sheperdstown, Pa. ; described as valuable for market ; August. George P. Peffer, of Wisconsin, writes of a seedling apple, which he has, " resembling, in tree and appearance, the Duchess of Oldenburgh, but the fruit of which will keep 96 EEPORTS OF CO^miTTEES. until spring. The tree is perfectly hardy, never having lost a limb since its origin, 1842, by any cause whatever, — a rare item for us in Northern Wisconsin." J. E. Johnson, Utah, mentions " Miller's Cherokee," a fall apple, less in size than the old Spitzenberg, but color and* flavor like it ; " Mountain Chief," medium size, yellowish green, excellent autumn; "Woodruff's Sweet," large size, red, sweet, autumn ; '•' Deseret Pippin, or Pride of the Val- ley," a sweet fall apple ; '* Mallett," very prolific, but only second quality. There were shown, at the meeting in Philadelphia, speci- mens of the following : From Levi Parnell, Lancaster Co., Pa., a fruit of full medium size, roundish oblong, striped red or yellow, flesh a little spongy and dry. From J. W. Adams, Springfield, Mass., an apple under name of " Early Congress," which resembles Gravenstein outwardly, but was over-ripe. From W. G. Burke, Concord, Delaware Co., Pa., a hand- some yellow apple, too ripe. From William Parry, Cinnamonson, N.J., the "Bache- lor's Blush ; " a fruit of medium size, rich yellow, with a broAvnish-red check, and its flesh resembling Maiden's Blush in flavor ; good. Bachelor's Blush. EEPORTS OF COIiOIITTEES. 97 From Engle & Brother, Marietta, Pa., a large handsome crab, with yellow flesh, sweet, and said to be very productive. Speckled, or Westbrook. From L. Blodgett, of Phila., the Speckled or Westbrook, an apple of medium size, conical, green with a red check, not ripe. Seedling from J. A. Roberts (see p. 98). 13 98 EEPORTS OF COMMITTEES. From J, A. Eoberts, Paoli, Chester Co., Pa., an apple large in size, roundish, slightly flattened, greenish yel- low, coarsely dotted, flesh coarse, juicy, a good cooking sort. From W. L. Difiendorffer, New Holland, an apple under name of "Agnes," of medium size, conical, flattened, hand- some, pale yellow striped with red, subacid with spicy flavor, good. From David Petit, Salem, N.J., a seedling apple of large size, irregular oblong form, yellow, flesh fine grained, juicy, subacid, good for cooking, ripens in August and Sep- tember. Seedling from David Petit. From the same, an apple under name of " Parry's White," by others called " Superior White," of medium size, said to be profitable. REPORTS OF COjMIMITTEES. 99 Superior White. A letter was received from P. A. Jewell, advising of some seedling crabs forwarded for examination ; but they were in some way mislaid, and did not come before the Committee. Also, a letter from J. S. Keller, relative to apples and grapes ; but the fruit was not present. CRAB APPLES. Marengo. — Origin, Marengo, 111. ; described in Horticul- turist ; a winter variety, supposed to be valuable at the North where apples will not grow. Soidard. — Origin, near St. Louis, Mo. ; said to keep two years. Van Wijclcs Sweet. — Origin, Fishkill, N. Y. ; a seedling from the Siberian, probably crossed M'ith a sweet apple, in the opinion of some of your Committee. Another, of similar character, has been received from Marietta, Pa. PEARS. Foote's SecJcel. — Raised from seed of Scckel by Asahel Foote, of Williamstown, Mass. Tree more vigorous than its parent, hardy and productive. Fruit somewhat larger and broader at the calyx ; much like Seckel in appearance 100 REPORTS or COIVBIITTEES. and flavor, except that it is a little more vinous and less of the musky flavor ; and is really a first-class pear. Monnt Vernoii. — Origin, Koxbury, Mass, ; now being dis- seminated by W. S. Little, of Rochester ; a large russet pear, of excellent quality, ranking as " best; " season, November, December. Doctor Reeder. — Origin, Seneca Co., N.Y. ; a seedling supposed from Winter Nelis ; raised by Dr. Reeder, of Var- ick, Seneca Co., N.Y. ; small or medium size, russet, melting and delicious, valuable for amateurs; season, October to November ; described by Mr. Downing, in his report two years ago. Dorsoris. — Origin, Glen Cove, L.I. ; described by Isaac Hicks, of Hempstead, L.I., in Ilorlicnlturist ; is a good summer pear, resembling Osband's Summer ; supposed seed- ling from English Jargonelle. Footes Arcmherg. — A seedling of Beurre d'Aremberg, by Mr. Foote, of Williamstown, Mass. An improvement on the tree ; fruit equal to parent. Mary. — Originated from seed by Mr. C. Wiegel, of Cleve- land, O. ; described in Hortiadturist in 1867 ; a small-sized, handsome fruit, of " very good " quality ; season, mid-July, or before ISIadeleine. Admiral Farragnt. — Originated by Dr. Shurtleff", of Brookline, near Boston, and described in Journal of Ilorti- cultvre as a large, fine, melting pear, promising to be valua- ble for market ; season, latter end of September. President. — Originated by Dr. Shurtleff, of Brookline, and described as very large, of good quality ; season, No- vember. Neu'Jiall. — Originated by INIr. Clapp, who raised the well- known excellent variety, Clapp's Favorite, described in the Journal of Horticiddire by Col. Wilder ; of good size, melting, musky like Bartlett ; "tree hardy, healthy, and prolific; "-feeason last of September." /Sarah. — Another of Cla})i)'s seedlings ; describi'd by Col. Wilder, in Journal of Horticulture, as " very good," EEPOETS OF COMIVIITTEES. 101 " nearly best ; " season, middle of October ; melting and buttery ; tree hardy and good. St. Cris2)in. — Origin, Lynn, Mass. ; described in Journal of Horticulture as a very large pear, resembling Beurre Bosc ; melting ; season, last of October. Isabella. — Originated by Dr. Shurtleff, of Boston, and described in Journal of Horticulture as of medium to large size ; juice sprightly and agreeable ; season, October. Citrina. — Another of Dr. Shurtleff's seedlings ; described in Journal of Horticulture as of medium size ; flesh coarse, and of pleasant, peculiar flavor ; season, September. J. E. Johnson, Utah, reports one as originating at Salt Lake City, called the " Eedfield." First fruited in 1861. Tree of upright, vigorous growth, somewhat thorny ; an early and productive bearer. Fruit in size, shape, and color, resembles Bartlett, but a little more tapering at the stem ; yellowish green, with a brownish red cheek ; flesh sweet, sprightly, melting ; ripens same time as Bartlett. There was exhibited at Philadelphia, from Ellwanger & Barry, Kochester, N.Y., a seedling, of full medium size ; ovate, yellow, and slightly russeted ; very good. From John Saul, of Washington, D.C., a pear under name of Sam Brown, or Maryland Seedling. A pear of full medium size ; roundish, obtuse pyriform ; slightly russeted, having somewhat of a Brown Beurre appearance, and very much of it in flavor ; very good, nearly best. From J. M. Hanna, Salem, N.J., a pear under name of Mannington ; a small red and yellow fruit ; in quality, best. PLUMS. Paine^s Seedling. — Origin, Bangor, Maine; described in the Journal of Horticulture as being equal in quality to Jeff'ersou. Season, first of September. Miner. — Origin, Lancaster, Wis. ; a variety of the wild plum. Said to be valuable as exempt from attacks of cur- culio. 102 REPOKTS OF COSBIITTEES. Wild Goose. — From Tennessee, where it is regarded as of great value. A variety of the native plum. Newman, Langsdon, and Muldraugh's Hill, are also varie- ties of the native plum, spoken of as valuable at the South and South-west. GKAPE3. New grapes are making their appearance so rapidly in various parts of the country, that it is almost impossible to get even a complete list of them. Many experiments are being made by crossing the foreign and native varieties, and others by crossing the native varie- ties alone. The principal experimenters with the native and foreign hybrids are : Edward S. Rogers, of Salem, Mass. Mr. Chas. Arnold, of Paris, Canada. S. W. Underhill, of Crcton, N.Y. Dr. Wylie, of Chester, S.C. Jacob Moore, of Rochester, N.Y. Geo. W. Campbell, of Delaware, O. With the exception of Rogers' Hybrid Seedlings, none of these have been tested or disseminated, to any great extent ; and the descriptions given below are generally from the originators. The Rogers Hybrids seem to grow in ftivor as they become known. No. 4, Wilder; 33, Merrimack; 41, Essex; 43, Barry, and 44, Herbert, are all superb black grapes, and will be popular and profitable market fruits. No. 9, Lindley Seedling, red, is early, productive, and of good quality. Several others of the red ones have proved satisfactory. Martha. — A seedling of Concord ; originated by Samuel Miller, Pennsylvania ; white ; described as equal to Con- cord in size, superior in quality, and ripens as early. REPORTS OF C05DIITTEES. 103 Black Haivli. — A seedling of Concord ; black ; described as large, handsome, fair quality, and early as Concord. Lacon. — Originated by D. B. Wier, of Lacon, 111. ; a seedling of Concord, said to be as early as Hartford Prolific. Prairie Fanner, 1867. Una. — Originated by E. W. Bull, of Concord, Mass. ; a seedling from Concord ; white. Cottage. — Same origin; black; two weeks earlier than Concord. Othello (No. 1). — Originated by Chas. Arnold, Paris, C.W. ; black ; from Clinton and Black Hamburgh. Said to ripen with Delaware ; resembles Clinton ; larger berries. Cornucopia (No. 2). — Black ; said to ripen with Concord ; resembles Clinton, but superior ; from Clinton and St. Peters. Autuchon (No. 5). — White ; ripe with Delaware ; from Clinton and Golden Chasselas ; very long bunch, nine inches. Brant (No. 8). — Black; earliest, from Clinton and St. Peters. Canada (No 16). — Black; resembles Clinton; highest flavored ; ripe with Concord ; from Clinton and St. Peters. Onondaga. — Origin, Fayettville, Onondaga Co., N.Y. ; introduced by Messrs. Smith & Co., Syracuse ; said to be a cross between Delaware and Diana. Sigler. — Noticed in Gardeners^ MontJdy ; said to be simi- lar to Delaware, " but twice as large." Malinda. — Noticed in Gardeners' Monthly, as a white grape equal to Kebecca. Ilattie. — Origin, Monroe, Mich. ; described by Elliott, in Journal of Horticulture. Eumelan. — Origin, Glenham, near Fishkill, N.Y. ; dis- seminated by Dr. Grant. A black grape, of medium size and good quality. Said to ripen earlier than Isabella. Rentz. — Origin, Cincinnati, Ohio ; a black grape. Pro- mises to be a valuable wine grape. Geo. W. Camjjbell (of Ohio) seedlings; crosses between native and foreign ; said to be promising. Dominion. — A seedling raised by W. H. Bead, Port Dal- housie, Canada ; shown at Ontario Fruit Growers' Meeting. 104 EEPORTS OF CO:\niITTEES. Silver Cluster. — William Read, Lincoln Co., Canada; described as a white grape, promising to excel the Rebecca, or any other white grape yet offered. Janesvilh. — Origin, Janesville, Wis. ; described as a hardy, productive, black grape of fair quality. Season, August ; supposed to be valuable for the West. H'me. — Origin, Put-in Bay, Ohio ; described by F. E.. Elliott, in Horticulturist, as a reddish grape of much promise, early as Delaware. Walter. — Origin, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. ; introduced by Ferris & Caywood ; a handsome, reddish grape, resembling Diana, of fine quality, and promising very well. Claimed to be a cross between Delaware and Diana. Mount Lebanon. — Originated by the Shakers of Lebanon, Columbia Co., N.Y. ; described as a valuable, hardy grape, ripening early in that cold region. Diana Hamburgh. — Originated by Jacob Moore, Roches- ter, N.Y. ; a cross between Diana and Black Hamburgh. A large, handsome grape, of fine quality ; vine partakes largely of the foreign character ; in favorable localities will be a valuable grape. There was shown at Philadelphia, from Col. Moore, Ham- monton, N.J., two seedlings, under names of Conqueror and Challenge. The Conqueror, a black grape ; the Chal- lenge, a dull red. They are said to be hybrids of Concord with Royal Muscadine, but present no indication thereof. From Stephen W. Underbill, of Croton Point, N.Y., a grape under name of Croton ; said to be grown from seed of Delaware, fertilized by Chasselas de Fontainbleau ; the seed sown in 1863, and the first fruit gathered in 1865. The bunch is long (seven to eight inches), shouldered, or \vinged, berries amber color, very handsome, flesh free from pulp, very good, promises to be a valuable acquisition. It is ^aid to hold its foliage well, and to ripen between Hartford Prolific and Concord. From the same, a seedling under the name of Senasqua, grown from seed of Concord, fertilized by Black Prince. EEPORTS OF C03iIiVnTTEES. 105 The vine has the Concord habit, while the fruit resembles Black Prince. Bunch large, very compact, berry large, black, with a thick blue bloom ; flesh free from pulp, and tender throughout ; very promising. From J. M. Hanna, Salem, N.J. ; a seedling grape, like Isabella, of no value. From the same, one under name of Arabia ; foxy, and of no value. From Dr. E. H. Bishop, of New Haven, Conn. ; a grape under name of Maria. Said to be a seedling of Clinton, which it much resembles ; but was not ripe, and very acid. From Hasbrouck & Bushnell, of lona Island, a grape under name of Eumelan ; the fruit from the old original vine. It was pulpy, very sweet, and of good quality, with large seeds. From Dr. A. P. Wylie, of Chester, S.C. ; a seedling produced from the Black Hamburg, fertilized by a labrusca. He terms it Hybrid, No. 1. The bunch was medium ; berry medium size, round, of a Catawba color ; skin thick, pulp very tender and sweet. From the same, a seedling from the Clinton, fertilized by Royal Muscadine ; small, rosy amber, transparent, pulp tender, skin thin, very sweet. Dr. Wylie is known to have devoted great attention and skill to the hybridizing and producing of new varieties ; he is continuing his experiments extensively, and looks forward with hope to the production of something very valuable. Some account of his experiments, which are very interest- ing, will be sent the Secretary, and probably appear in the volume with this report. PEACHES. Amelia. — Origin, Missouri; distinct from one of same name grown in the South. Introduced by Geo. Husmann, as a valuable variety for Missouri. Described by Elliott in the H-orticulturist. 106 REPORTS OF C03DIITTEES. Freeman. — Origin, Southern 111. ; described in Gardene?-*s Monthly, by Parker Earle, as a fine freestone, later than Heath Free. Fostefs. — Origin, ^lass. ; resembles the Crawford's Early, but is regarded as an improvement. Richmond. — Raised by Dr. E. W. Sylvester, of Lyons, Wayne Co., N.Y. Fruit large, yellow, dark red cheek, of the Melocoton class ; ripens just after CraAvford's Early, and is less acid ; and the Dr. says a valuable market variety ; freestone. Atlanta. — Raised by Dr. E. W. Sylvester, Lyons, N.Y. Medium to large size ; skin white, with a dark red cheek, almost purplish ; flesh white, juicy and rich ; adheres to the stone ; excellent quality. The following were shown at Philadelphia : No. 1. From H. M. Engle, Marietta; oval, medium size; flesh yellow, good. No. 2. From same ; larger than No. 1 ; apparently from the same stock ; flesh dark orange ; good. No. 3. From same ; medium or small ; yellow flesh ; scarcely good. From , No. 33, resembles Susquehannah ; very good. No. 266, poor quality ; picked too early. Seedling nectarines ; picked too early. STRAWBERRIES. A large number of new varieties have been brought to notice within the past two or three years. The following are the most important : President Wilder. — Originated by Marshall P. AVilder, of Boston. Described in Journal of Horticulture, 1868. A cross between Hovey's Seedling and La Constance, repre- sented as large ; five inches in circumference ; conical ; of a brilliant crimson color ; firm, rich,' and sprightly, with the aroma of the Alpines ; regarded by those who have seen it as the greatest acquisition of many years ; not disseminated. REPORTS OF COJEVnTTEES. 107 Charles Downing. — Origin, Kentucky ; widely dissemi- nated, proving, in most places, to be valuable. It is a large, roundish conical, crimson fruit, of good quality ; plant of great vigor ; hardy and productive. Nicanor. — Origin, Rochester, N. Y. Described in Horti- culturist, \^Q1 . Widely disseminated ; a cross between Wil- son's Albany and Trioraphe de Gand; has proved, at Roches- ter and some other places, to be valuable ; very hardy, vig- orous, and productive ; berry medium to large size ; round- ish conical form ; bright scarlet, and moderately firm ; ripe several days or a week before Wilson's Albany. Colfax. — Origin, South Bend, Ind. Somewhat dissemi- nated. Plant remarkable for vigor of growth and great pro- ductiveness ; fruit of medium size, fair quality ; but regarded as too soft for distant markets. Philadelphia.. — Origin. Pennsylvania. Disseminated. Me- dium or rather large ; bright scarlet crimson ; moderately firm ; plant of great vigor ; quite productive ; valuable. Ida. — Origin, Pennsylvania. Disseminated. A very handsome berry, of good size and quality ; productive, val- uable ; among best of new ones at Rochester, N.Y. Barnes', or Mammoth. — Origin, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. Dis- seminated. Spoken of as a very promising variety ; large size, good quality, and productive. Boydens No. 30. — Origin, New Jersey. Originated by Seth Boy den. Spoken of as one of the largest and most piomisiug of the new ones at the exhibitions of 1869. Moore's. — Origin, Rochester, N.Y. A new, handsome, early variety, of good quality ; promises to be valuable. Shown for the first time at Rochester, in 1869, by the orig- inator, Mr. Jacob Moore. Michigan. — Origin, Prairie Ronde, Mich. Plant of re- markable vigor, and quite productive ; fruit of medium size and quality ; season, late. Abraham Lincoln, Star, Naomi. — None of these have yet developed qualities which give them any special value. 108 EEPORTS OF C03E\IITTEES. PeaJc's Eiwperor. — Origin, South Bend,. Incl. Said to bear a strong- resemblance to Agriculturist. KentncT{ij. — A seedling of Mr. Downer's, who raised the Downer's Prolific and Charles Downing; said to be val- uable on account of its lateness. Ladij of the Lake. — Origin, Brighton, Mass. ; spoken of as being of medium size ; handsome, productive, and of good quality. Black Defiance. — Originated by Durand, of N.J. ; de- scribed as a large, dark, crimson berry ; firm, and of fine quality. Clinton. — Origin, Newark, N.J. ; described as a large, handsome berry ; promising value for market. America. — Origin, J. Keech, Waterloo, N.Y. ; said to be as early as Early Scarlet ; of large size and good quality. Exhibited at Rochester in 1869. RASPBEKRTES. Mrs. Wood. — Of Black Cap family; purplish ; and said to be double the size of the common. Westchester Seedling. — Origin, Westchester Co , N. Y. ; described in Horticulturist for 1869, as much larger, finer, and earlier than common sort. Surprise. — Origin, Missouri ; introduced by Geo. llusmann ; of a native Black Cap species, but said to be as large as an Antwerp. Arnold's Hybrids — between Yellow Cap and foreign sorts: Yellow Canada, — described as hardy ; very productive and valuable ; and Arnold^s lied, — same sources as preceding red ; bears an autumnal crop. lioherts Cap. — West ; nearly black ; small. Minnesota. — AVest ; dark orange ; of no value ; produc- tive. Mountain Cap. — West ; small Black Cap ; no value. REPORTS OF COJOIITTEES. 109 EUisdah. — West ; a seedling of purple complexion ; strong grower, soft fruit. Seneca. — A large variety of Black Cap, Ontario Co., N.Y. Davi(Ison''s Thornlesa. — Similar to Black Cap ; earlier. Linn's Evcrhearing. — Origin, Sandusky, Ohio ; resem- bles Ohio Everbearing ; regarded by some as superior. Garden Rasphernj. — A variety of the Black Cap, pro- duced by H. H. Doolittle, of Ontario Co., N.Y. ; said to be superior in quality to the common one. McConnick, Miami, or Mammoth Cluster. — A large and very productive variety of the Black Cap ; bears in great clusters of ten to fifteen berries on ends of canes ; nearly black, and better in texture and flavor than the common sort ; valuable. Bristol, Duhring, Pearl. — Are all of poor character, and believed unworthy of cultivation. Naomi. — Origin, Cleveland, Ohio ; a large, red rasp- berry, resembling Franconia ; productive, firm, and of good quality ; valuable. BLACKBEKBIES. New varieties are constantly making their appearance in various parts of the country. The following are the more recent, which we have seen announced in the horticultural journals, or nursery cata- logues : Claret ; from Kentucky. Sable Queen ; Massachusetts. Wachusett Thornless ; Massachusetts. Mason's Mountain ; Nebraska. Missouri Mammoth ; Missouri. White Cluster ; Pennsylvania. Orange ; Southern Illinois. 110 EEPOETS OF C03DIITTEES. GOOSEBERRIES A^^D CURRANTS. No new varieties worthy of mention. P. Barry, Chas. Downing, RoBT. Manning, Thos. Meehan, Dr. J. A. Warder, Co7nmittee. EEPOET OF COMMITTEE ON FRUIT HOUSES. REPORT ON REES'S FRUIT HOUSE. The Committee to whom was referred the duty of examin- ing the Fruit Preserving House, invented by Chas. B. Bees, of Philadelphia, beg leave to report : That Mr. Bees's house exhibits a working temperature of about 40'^, while contain- ing a large quantity of perishable fruit ; that the atmos- phere is remarkably dry and pure ; that this dryness is evidently obtained Mdthout the aid of any artificial dryer or absorbent ; and that it appears to be a very simple, inex- pensive, and practically successful method of preser\dug fruit. A. W. Harrison, Thomas Meehan, D. W. Herstine, Charles Downing, J. Henry Clark, Samuel S. Graves, P. Barry, Committee. report on heeling's fruit house. O^dng to the distance from town occupied by the Helling "^ruit House, it was impossible for the general committee to visit it, and accordingly, Mr. Louis Blodgett, of Philadel- phia, was appointed a committee of one to report. His re- EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY. Ill port received by the Secretary is substantially as follows : — *' It was built in 1864 and '65, and fruit first placed in it in 1865. From the time of the first fruits being placed within it to the present, no interruption has ever occurred from any failure in keeping, &c. The thermometer is kept, by means of the ice and construction of the house, at a steady tem- perature of 3d° above zero, without extra effort or diffi- culty. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. To the President and Members of the American Pomologkal Society : — Gentlemex, — At the close of the last meeting of this Society, held in St. Louis, September, 1867, on examining the papers, &c., of the Association, I found but few reports of a late date, and accordingly issued circulars, by and with advice of the President, desiring such information as could be given relative to new fruits, &c. The replies were quite liberal, and in the published transactions of that year, were given in a condensed form. The revising of the catalogue for publication by the Society at the close of its meeting ap- pointed for September, 1869, being an important feature, it was decided, after consultation with some of the members of the Fruit Committee, to hold a special meeting for the purpose of its revision; and, accordingly, in January, 1869, the Presi- dent issued circulars calling a special meeting of the fruit committees to assemble in New York City on the 10th of February, 1869, and at the same time asking for written in- formation relative to the subject matter from all who could not in person attend. In compliance with the above-named circular, there as- sembled at New York City, February 10th, 1869, in rooms generously provided for their meeting by Messrs. Orange Judd & Co., the following named gentlemen : — Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, Charles Downing, P. Barry, C. M. 112 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Hovey, J. F. C. Hyde, J. Saul, J. E. Mitchell, J. Hoopes, T. Meehan, P. T. Quinn, E.. Manning, H. Bookstoce, Louis Ritz, Isaac P. Trimble, George Ellwanger, A. S. Fuller, Geo. Thurber, S. B. Parsons, Wm. Parry, J. Knox, Wm. Saund- ers, John Crane, and F. K. Elliott. Letters were received at the above meeting from M. B. Bateham, of Ohio ; George Husmann, of Missouri ; W. C. Flagg, of Illinois ; M. W. Phillips, of Mississippi ; T. T. Lyon, of Michigan ; A. M. Burns, of Kansas ; Geo. P. Peffer, of Missouri ; C. Gilling- ham, of Virginia ; Walter L. Steele, of North Carolina ; Chas. B. Pratt, of New York ; P. J. Berckmans, of Georgia ; Geo. W. Campbell, of Ohio, relative to correction of the catalogue, &c., and the information so contained was used by the members of the committee assembled. The meeting was called to order and presided over by the President, Marshall P. Wilder, and the business for which it was called, being the careful revision of the fruit catalogue, was at once taken up and diligently and faithfully gone over name by name, accepting and discussing objections and com- mendations until the whole was completed, occupying two days of steady industry and thought. The catalogue as revised, is herewith annexed. At this meeting I then had the honor to receive and present the fol- lowing cards of invitation : — ** Philadelphia, January 18, 1869. "F. R. Elliott, Esq., Secretary Am. Pom. Society: — Dear Sir, — At the stated meeting of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, held December 15, 1868, the follow- ing preamble and resolutions were adopted : — "JVliereas, The American Pomological Society intend hold- ing their biennial meeting in this city on the 15th of Sep- J;ember next, " RcsoUxd, That this Society hereby tender to the American Pomological Society the use of this hall for their meeting, and that the President appoint a committee of seven mem- EEPORT or THE SECRETARY. 113 bsrs to make the necessary arrangements for their accommo- dation. " Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to transmit the foregoing resolution to the Secretary of the American Pomo- logical Society. "Very respectfully, " A. W. Harrison, " Hecording Secretary." From the President, P. L. Snyder, Esq., of the Vineland Association, inviting the Society, at its meeting in September next, to visit and see the fruits of Vineland. The above invitations were cordially received, accepted with thanks, and ordered to be recorded ; and, on motion, the President appointed J. E, Mitchell, Esq., of Philadel- phia, a committee of one, with power to add associates to act for and make such arrangements as may be necessary for the holding of the American Pomological Society's meeting in Philadelphia next September (15th), in connection with the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. An invitation was received from the New York Fruit Growers' Club, then in session, for the members to attend and meet with them ; which was respectfully declined for reasons in the following resolution, introduced by Mr. Barry : — " Resolved, That we tender our thanks to the members of the New York Fruit Growers' Club, for the invitation to attend their meeting to-day. We regret that we cannot accept, owing to the large amount of important business before this body during their session." A resolution was also introduced that the Secretary be re- quested to solicit from Southern pomologists such informa- tion as will enable us to prepare the Southern section or division of the Society's Catalogue. In fulfilment of this, I report having written many letters, and received some very valuable answers and reports, the subject matter whereof will be found herewith. It has, how- 114 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. ever, not been thouglit sufficient to prepare the second, or Southern, division of the Catalogue until after our next meeting, to be held in Eichmond. As a number of specimen fruits had been forwarded for examination at this meeting, the regular Fruit Committee, P. Barry, Esq., chairman, reported on them as follows : — Camphcll Apple. — From Geo, AY. Campbell ; fruit of medium size ; second quality. Slark Apple. — From A. H. Gaston ; so much resembling Pennock as to cause the majority to count it as identical. ISeaUiiig Apple. — From C. B. Pratt, Pulaski, N.Y. ; fruit large, roundish conical,, red or yellow, handsome, pleasant sweet, good to very good. Mr. Pratt writes, " It is a seedling raised by my father, and has now been in bearing twenty or more years. Tree large, spreading, hardy, vigorous, bears regularly every year, and the fruit keeps until March and April, improving in color and flavor to the last." Lcnvver Apple. — From Geo. S. Park, Parkville, Piatt Co., Mo. ; fruit large, handsome, good. Mr. Park writes, " It is a long keeper, and retains its freshness." Park Keeper. — From the same ; fruit large, roundish ; red striped or yellow ; good. Cannon Pearmahi. — From the same ; fruit medium size, roundish conical, handsome ; very good. Chattahoocliie. — From Chas. Downing ; flesh firm, crisp, very good. Also, from the same source, Ben Davis, Beauty of the AVest, Maxey, and Lemon. OaMeaf Pear. — From C. L. Janney, of "Waynesville, O. ; an old sort, of little or no value, not worth propagating. Buchanan Fear. — From Isaac Buchanan, New York; fruit medium size, obovate acute pyriform, dull yellow, with considerable russet, flesh a little coarse grained, melting, juicy, gritty next the core, moderately sweet, and of good flavor. The duty for which the meeting assembled having been accomplished, Mr. Barry offered the following, viz : — " Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting be, and are EEPOET OF THE SECRETAEY. 115 hereby, cordially tendered to the proprietors of the American Agncullurist, for their kindness in providing it with comfort- able rooms for the transaction of its business." The resolution was unanimously adopted, and then the meeting adjourned. Since the foregoing meeting, I have received quite a num- ber of reports, and several copies of our Catalogue marked ; beside numerous letters, in which more or less mention of fruits for localities has been made, in the work of preparing the Catalogue for publication. After carrying out and arranging the corrections, erasures, and additions of the Fruit Committee at their special meeting, I have availed myself of these reports and letters, so far as they were direct to the point ; but, as many of the remarks would not reach the position of expression, sufficient to use them in starring the fruit spoken of, and others related to, and enumerated fruits, new, or only locallv knoM^l, I have drawn from each report, and arranged the remarks for more comprehensive record, under the several headings of the varieties of fruit spoken of, M'hile at the same time I have given the author's name and residence. Of the extended reports sent, we are especially indebted to Walter R. Steele, of North Carolina ; P. J. Berckmans, of Georgia ; Eobert W. Furnas, E. Lowe, and J. T. Allen, of Nebraska; J. E. Johnson, of St George, Utah ; Geo. Husmann, Bluffton, Mo. ; M. W. Phillips, Chatawa, Miss.; F. J. Bramhall and C. Gillingham, of Virginia; Isaac Hicks, Long Island, N.Y. ; Wm. ]M. Howsley, Leavenworth, Kansas ; Isaac T. "Woodson, Woodsonville, Kentucky. List of fruits by Norfolk Horticultural Society, F. W. Samoses, chairman. Warren Foote, President of Gardeners' Club, St. Thomas, Arizona ; S. Bates, Stockton, Minnesota. Report of Eastern Shore of Michigan, in the weekly Grand Haven Herald. J. H. Bourne, Providence, R.L, for State Society, a revised list. 116 KEPOET OF THE SECRETARY. Wm. Watson, Bicnham, Texas; Franklin Davis, of Vir- ginia, list of fruits ; Franklin Co. Horticultural Society, Chambersburgh, Pa., list of fruits. Samuel N. Cox, St. Joseph, Mo. ; T. T. Lyon, Plymouth, Michigan ; T. J. Eamsdell, ^lanistee ; Jacob Ganzhour, Spring Lake, Mich. ; B. Hathaway, Little Praiiie Honde, Mich. . APPLES. Commencing, in the order of our Catalogue, with apples, the following varieties are starred for New York East, while Isaac Hicks states them as unsuccessful in his section on Long Island; viz., Bailey Sweet, Yellow Bellflower, Fall Pippin, Hurlbut, Jonathan, Jeff'eris, Lady Apple, Munson Sweet, Northern Spy, Vaudevere, and William's Favorite ; while Primate he marks as best. He also says that two varieties of Summer Queen are growing with him, one valuable, the other not. FROM GEORGIA. P. J. Berckmans of Georgia, Avould give one star to American Summer Pearmain, Ben Davis, Bohannan, Cannon Pearmain, Duchess of Oldenburg, Early Pennock, Early Red Streak, Early Joe, Early lied Margaret, Fall Pippin, Gra- venstein, Disharoon, Hewe's Virginia Crab, Holland Pippin, Large Yellow Bough, Limber Twig, Lyman's Pumpkin Sweet, Lowell, Paragon, Pryor's Red, Rawle's Janet, Town- send, Oconee Greening and Romanite. He would double star the Blood Red Crab, Buncombe, Carolina Watson, Early Harvest, Early Strawberry, Fall Queen of Kentucky, Buckingham or Equinetelee Horse, Jewett's Fine Red, Sops of Wine, Shockley, Stevenson's Winter, and Yates. FROM MISSOURI. " Samuel N. Cox, of St. Joseph, Mo., says that the nomen- clature of apples especially, is in a confused state in Missouri, owing to the trees having been procured from so many varied EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY. 117 sources. The State Society is now engaged in identifying and cataloguing ; and in apples alone. North- West Missouri has over three hundred varieties. FROM MISSISSIPPI. M. W. Phillips, of Mississippi, would star Red Astrachan Early HaAves, Yellow June, Red June, Large Yellow Bough, Mercer, Julian, Summer Queen, Horse, Gravenstein, Fall Pippin, Taunton, Jonathan, Yellow Bellflower, Ham- ilton, Buckingham or Equinetelee, Buncombe, Hoover, Caro- lina Greening, Rawle's Janet, Lady Fitzpatrick, Mangum or Cheese, Callasaga, Junaluskee, Nickajack, Shockley, Ste- venson's Winter, and Yates. FROM VIRGINIA. Franklin Davis, of Virginia, writes : — *' The apple finds a congenial home in Virginia ; yet in a range of country extending a distance of over three hundred and fifty miles, from the low lands of the coast, through the sandy region of the tide-water, thence up the slope to the Blue Ridge, over that mountain, across the great valley, climbing the Alleghany range, and down its western slope for many miles before reaching the western boundary of the State, gives us such a diversity of soil and climate, that no general list of apples could be given that Avill succeed everywhere. With summer varieties it makes no material difference ; but many sorts that keep well in the elevated districts become autumn fruits in the tide-water country ; while some of the best keepers in this section will not devel- op properly in the highlands. With these facts before us, we will draw an imaginary line across the State, say from Alexandria on the north, to Danville on the south, dividing it into what we will term East and West Virginia, and desig- nate varieties according to their success in one or both of these divisions. There are many of the Northern varieties, especially of winter apples, that are not profitable with us. 118 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. To fill their places, much attention is now given to tracing up seedlings indigenous to the soil ; and we have the satis- faction of saying that we have some very promising ones on trial that we hope at some future day to give a good account of." Messrs. Bramhall and Gillingham, of Virginia, write : — " The summer and autumn varieties of apples are adapted to all three of our regions ; and many of those introduced from the North are improved both in quality and size, par- ticularly the Summer Pearmain and Early Hagloe ; while the winter varieties of Pennsylvania and New York succeed admirably in the valley, and well in Piedmont. The list given of winter varieties are those adapted to the tide-water region, and to the other two as well." FROM NOUTH CAROLINA. Walter L. Steele, of North Carolina, says there is yet much confusion in the names of our Southern apples. Under the name of Carolina Greening, he finds the same apple as Southern Greening, Yellow or Green Crank, Southern Golden Pippin, Greenskin, Green Cheese, and Greening ; an early winter, and a fine apple in some sections. The Holly he found, on fruiting, to be an old acquaintance of twenty-five years or more, under the names of Hardskin, Northern Hardskin, Persimmon, and Simmon. It is an excellent keeper — better than any other within his knowledge, with a peculiar flavor. The skin is exceedingly tough, as is the flesh, until the fruit matures. " Mangum," another *' new-hatched, unfledged comrade." Marvellous stories of the keeping qualities of its synonym, " Carter," as far south as Montgomery, Ala., are told. It is nothing but the " Fall Cheese" of Virginia, and the " Cheese " of this section, ripening in October, and well known for the Jast fifty years. I never had one later than the first of December. If I knew the other so-called Southern seedlings, I do not doubt that I should recognize many of them as old REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 119 friends, whose faces are familiar, but who have undergone a transformation of name. In this locality we have very few apples which can be relied on as keepers, even until January. Vandevere (some- times), Hall (sometimes), Stansill (a very excellent apple), Shockley, Hardskin, Limber Twig, Romanite (sometimes), Matamuskeet, are the best. As a cider apple, none surpass Hewes' Virginia Crab. In the upper part of our State, taking all the counties lying west of a line formed of the counties of Granville, Cooke, Orange, Alamance, Randolph, Montgom- ery, Iredell, Stanley, Catawba, Lincoln, and Cleaveland, apples do well. In those counties lying at the base of the Blue Ridge, and west of it, they succeed as well as in any section of the country. FROM UTAH. J. E. Johnson of St. George, Utah, says so far as known in the northern part of that territory, all the old and best fruit [apples], such as Early Harvest, Fall Pippin, Jonathan, &c., succeed finely. FROM MINNESOTA. S. Bates & Son, of Stockton, Minnesota, write that clay soil is best adapted to fruit growing in their State ; that trees on alluvial soils make too rank growths, do not ripen their wood, and after lingering a few years, producing per- haps a few fruits, finally die. They state that in fruit grow- ing in that State, no manure should be used for the purpose of creating growth, but that if varieties of the apple are care- fully selected, and then grown free from any undue stimulus, on clay soil, they are a success. They also recommend as indispensable, the planting and growing of evergreens, &c., as *' breakwinds " for the protection of orchard trees. They also advise those who have the position and can do so, to plant their trees on the north side of the bluffs, as more certain than when fully exposed to the clear winter suns. 120 REPORT or THE SECRETARY. They send a list of A^arieties suited to that climate, which, M"it 1 one or two exceptions, can be found in the Society's Catalogue herewith. FROM TEXAS. William Watson, of Brenham, Texas, writes that all vari- eties of apples succeed finely, and that while they have many chance native seedlings, they have also many brought from older States without correct names. FROM MICHIGAN. J. Whittlesey, of St. Joseph, Michigan, writes : " The favorite summer apples are : Primate, Maiden's Blush, Red Astrachan, — a shy bearer when young, — Golden Sweet. The Early Harvest is discarded (cracks). The King of Tompkins Co. is a late fall apple. In winter apples, the order of merit is : Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, Boxbury Russet, Wagener, English Russet, Canada Red, Talma .'s Sweeting. B. B. Hathaway, of Little Prairie Ronde, Mich., sends the names of some of the leading fruits grown in that part of Michigan, together with brief notes of their character, as follows : — Winter Apples. Baldwin. — This continues to be the favorite in large orchards for market, and is generally successful, giving large crops of fair fruit. No other so much called for in nursery. R. I. Greening. — This old, long-established variety still holds a large place in public esteem. Although the tree has shown itself a little liable to injury by our trying winters, -in some locations, we have nothing that can properly fill its place — at least, that has been thoroughly tested. Golden Russet. —This is the leading one among all the russet family for market, being a healthy tree, a good REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 121 grower, and quite uniformly productive. Successful so far as tried. Poug/iJceejJsie Russet. — This sort on strong land, Avith good cultivation, is very valuable, bearing large annual crops of ftiir size, long-keeping, salable fruit. Otherwise it is too small. American Golden Russet. — Does not do as well as for- merly. Discarded generally, even for home use — so scabby and poor. Pomme Grise. — This is grown to some extent, but is only partially successful. The leaves appear to be ten- der, and are often nearly shrivelled and gone by midsum- mer. Ramho. — This, from its early bearing, and uniform and great productiveness, continues to be a popular sort for home consumption. Old trees overbear, and the fruit is small and lacks quality. Many trees are grafted to more modern sorts. My method is to renew the trees after about fifteen years, by cutting back the top very thoroughly. When the new growth comes into bearing, the fruit Avill be like that from young trees — sizable and fair. Belmont. — This apple is very justly popular for family use, and is grown also for market to some extent. As a bearer, it has sometimes shown itself a little fickle, some trees never bearing more than a moderate crop, while others overbear. On old trees under neglect, the fruit is liable to be small and inferior, and but little of it. Northern Sj^ij. — This is being planted to a considerable extent, although the experience of many is adverse to its value. The tree is the very finest for symmetry and hardi- ness, and is generally, but not uniformly, productive. It must have annual pruning and thorough cultivation to insure fair fruit ; and even then, in a bad season, like the present, there will be a great deal poor and inferior. For myself, on my strong soil, I find it very valuable. Westjield Seek-vo-fur titer. — Not called for as much as formerly. The tree is hardy, and sometimes gives a splendid 122 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. crop of fair fruit, but often fails to bear, or, if productive, is liable to crack and scab. Does better in some locations. Sivaar. — Does not sustain its former popularity ; one of the most uncertain bearers, and never very productive. The tree is also a little tender. Yelloiv Bellflower. — This was planted at an early day quite extensively, but is now generally discarded, although sometimes called for. The complaint is of its not bearing, or if productive, the fruit is poor. I know of orchards on hilly, stony, strong land, near water, in which it has been quite successful. Jersey Black. — This is also one of the sorts planted at an early day, and although the fruit is small, its fairness and long-keeping make it very salable. The tree has a dwarf habit, and will, no doubt, be superseded. Dominie. — Very productive, and fruit fair, but lacking in quality. Will not become popular. Esopus Spitzhenburg. — This aforetime favorite is steadily losing in favor, and is not planted to any extent. The tree is not entirely hardy, and has not been reliable as a crop- per, while the fruit has not exhibited the keeping qualities that seem to characterize it at the East. It is also more badly affected in seasons of wormy apples, than most. Fallawater. — The large size, and fair, uniform shape, and its productiveness render this variety worthy of some attention for market, especially on soils not adapted to our finer varieties. I find it salable in our large markets. Fiillon. — This would be an improvement upon the Ram- bo, which it resembles, but that it is not so good a keeper, and falls from the tree badly. Newtown Pippin. — A universal failure, and regrafted. Huhhardston Nonesuch. — This has some very strong points of excellence — great and constant productiveness of uni- formly fair fruit. The drawbacks are — it docs not keep •v^ery well, especially from young trees, and falls badly. But for these, it would take rank with the Baldwin. Jonathan. — Popular with some. Fruit fair. Tree too dwarfish to be largely planted. Productive. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 123 King of TompTiins Co. — Among the newer sorts this holds a prominent place. The tree is not entirely hardy, and will not do to plant universally, even here ; but in shel- tered situations and on suitable soils it will be found valua- ble. It seems to have the fault of casting its fruit pre- maturely, which must detract from its value, especially for market purposes. Limber Tung. — This variety has not been planted to any extent, but is quite promising. The tree is hardy, very productive, the fruit fair, and though of only second-rate flavor, its beauty and long-keeping make it worthy of atten- tion for market. It is one of the few reliable sorts farther West. Ladies' Sweet. — Very productive, and generally fair, but lacks quality. A good keeper. Red Canada. — This old variety is gaining friends wher- ever it has been tried. It has only been planted in this region for a short time, to any extent, but promises to enjoy a popularity equal to the Baldwin. Wagener. — None of the new sorts have been more gene- rally planted, and few, if any, have given so much promise of value. Its uniform and early productiveness is its pecu- liar characteristic. Whether the tree will not suffer from this early and constant fruitfulness is yet to be seen. I think it must tend to exhaustion, and a premature debility of the forces of production ; some premonitory symptoms of which, I believe, are already apparent. Ro.rhury Russet. — Very many of the old trees of this variety were killed in the winter of 1855 and 1856, and it has not been replanted to any extent. Smith\s Cider. — This was among the varieties planted by the pioneers of horticulture, and is still grown to some ex- tent. The tree is hardy and productive, and the fruit gene- rally fair, and keeps well. Tolman's Sweet. — This has been more generally planted than any other winter sweet apple. Not from any great value it possesses, but for the want of something better to 124 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. fill its place. It has been generally a poor bearer. The fruit is fair and keeps well, -which is about all to be said in its praise, BroadireU Sicect. — Better than the above in quality, but, like it, falls badly. Worth growing until Ave get a better sort. Fall Apples. Fall Pippin. — It seems about time that this variety should be discarded, though we have nothing that can com- pare with it when it does Avell. We get a partial crop once in about three years, and one crop in three, perhaps, will be fair. It is but little called for. Fall Wine. — Planted to some extent, but only for family use. Very subject to scab. Productive, but generally poor, or after a few years at least. Fameuse. — Gone out of favor. Good bearer, and some- times fair, but generally poor. HaskeWs Pear Sweet. — This is altogether the best fall baking sweet apple that I know any thing about. So far it has been productive, and the fruit large and fair. A late fall apple. LoivelL — This, under the name of Michigan Golden Pip- pin, has been grown to some extent. So far it has proved exceedingly productive, and uniformly fair, and promises to be an important acquisition to our list of late summer or early fall apples. Gravenstein. — This most excellent variety has generally disappointed the growers by being so shy in bearing. It is occasionally productive, but cannot be relied upon. The tree is healthy, and Ave still hope that greater age Avill improve it in this respect. Still it is indispensable for family use. Maiden s Blush, — It is probable that there have been more trees of this variety planted in this State in the last ten years, than of all other fall apples. It is ilie market apple of its season. The tree is hardy, immensely produc- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 125 tive, and the fruit uniformly fair, and keeps well for ripen- ing so early. All conspire to make it popular, though of only second-rate quality. Porter. — Grown to some extent for family use, for which purpose it is worthy of attention. Slimmer Ramho. — This is as yet comparatively a new sort, and grown only in Western Michigan and Northern Indiana to any extent, but has a reputation for high quality surpassed by none. It is only suitable for home use, as, like most of our very finest flavored varieties, it does not always grow fair. Jersey Sweet. — This has not been fully tested, but is promising. Golden Sweet. — This does not seem to be the Golden Sweet of the books, but a much more valuable variety. It begins to ripen last of August, and continues six weeks. It is a large, golden yellow apple, very sM^eet, and generally grows fair, and is uniformly productive. Summer Apples. American Summer Pearmain. — This has not proved very successful. Like other fine-flavored varieties it seldom grows fair. When it does, it is beautiful. Benoni. — Only had a few years' experience with this sort. So far, it has been productive, and always fair. I think it very valuable. Early Joe. — This has fully sustained its Eastern reputa- tion for excellent quality, and has, as yet, been always fair. Worthy of a place in every orchard for home use. Early Harvest. — This continues to be planted on account of its earliness, but is very generally failing. Not oftener than once in three years does it give a crop of even mode- rately fair fruit. Red Astrachan. — For market purposes this is probably the best second early apple we have. The tree is hardy, productive, and the fruit handsome, and very generally, I believe, fair. 126 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Carolina June. — This has failed more than most, but the quality is so fine that it is still grown to some extent for family use. Primate. — Comparatively new, but promises to take the place of some of the old favorites that are failing. Summer Rose. — This old favorite must be given up, as it does not produce any thing but most inferior fruit one year in three. Late Harvest {long stem). This old variety is not held in high repute among fruit-men, but has some points of value. The tree is hardy, generally productive, and the fruit quite uniform in size, and fair. As a market apple it is worthy of more attention than it receives. Sweet Bough. — Grown only for family use. Not suffi- ciently productive for market. High-Top Sweet. — Small, but better flavor than the above. One of our best early sweet apples — not always fair. PEARS. FROM NORTH CAROLINA. In the Southern Records, the names of varieties are gen- erally reported correctly W. L. Steele, of Rockingham, N. C, attributes this " to the fact that heretofore their cultiva- tion has been confined almost exclusively to the intelligent classes ; " and the Secretary thinks it might be added that their trees were procured mainly from intelligent and correct sources, where tree-growing was made a business, rather than from the peddlers who make tree-growing and peddling, items to fill up the vacant time of a loose-managed farm. Mr, Steele enumerates, Bartlett, Foudante d'Automne, Bloodgood, Bourre Giffard, Doyenne d'Ete, Flemish Beauty, Kingsessing Rostiezer, Seckel, St. Michel- Archange, Beurre d'Anjou, Beurre Clairgcau, Beurre Did, Beurre Easter, Beurre Superfin, Doyenne Boussock, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Glout Morceau, Lawrence, Winter Nelis, Fulton, and Jose- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 127 phine cle Malines, as among varieties that have done well, Beurre GifFaid and Rostiezer are excellent. Duchesse d'An- gouleme and Beurre d'Anjou are the hardiest varieties on the quince, the former never having blighted. " All blight more, with us, on the quince than on the pear stock. The Doyenne Boussock is not an early bearer with me." FROM VIRGINIA. Franklin Davis, of Virginia, writes : — " Pears succeed well, at least in Eastern Virginia. It is true we are sometimes troubled with the blight, but are not discouraged by it. We look forward to the day when Vii-ginia will rank amongst the foremost of the pear-groMang States, The most of varieties that have been tried succeed admirably. Our attention is more particularly called towards growing sorts best suited for shipping to Northern markets ; so far we have found the Bartlett and Duchesse d'Angouleme amongst the most profitable for this purpose ; we shall look forward to Clapp's Favorite and Souvenir du Congres with great hope." FROM MISSISSIPPI. M. W. Phillips, Mississippi, enumerates and adds Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Andrews. FROM GEORGIA. p. J. Berckmans, of Georgia, marks according to stocks in the present Catalogue as follows, one star for the following : Abbot, Andrews, Belle Epine Dumas, Beurre Bosc, Beurre Diel, Beurre Easter, Beurre Giffard, Beurre Golden of Bil- boa, Beurre Langlier, Beurre Oswego, Bloodgood, Brandy- wine, Columbia, Delices d'Hardenpont d'Angers, Dix, Doyenne Boussock, Doyenne d'Ete, Doyenne White, Duch- ess of Orleans, Manning's Elizabeth, Gansel's Bergamot, Henkel, Kingsessing, Madeleine, Marie Louise, Napoleon, Nouveau Poiteau, Onondaga, Ott, Rostiezer, Sterling, Stev- 128 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY. en's Genesee, Tyson, Urbaniste, Washington ; and adds the foUowmg on quince stocks, viz., Bonner's Abercrombie. For the following, two stars on stocks, according to our Catalogue : Bartlett, Fondante d'Automne, Beurre Clairgeau, Beurre d'Anjou, Beurre Superfin, Cabot, Duchesse d'Angoulerae, Lawrence, St. Michel- Archange, Seckel, and Winter Nelis. He classes as worthless, for Georgia, the Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Vicar of Winkfield. FROM NEBRASKA. From Omaha, E. Lowe writes. Dwarf Pears are a success ; and enumerates the Bartlett, Buffura, and Vicar of Wink- field as among the best they have tested. J. T. Allen, from the same place, coincides, and adds that "pears have been extensively planted, and no doubt any variety will do well in this soil." R. W. Furnas, from Brownville, Nebraska, says, *' I may be brief, and say that every variety of pear known as at all hardy in any fruit-growing region, will flourish here." FROM UTAH. J. E. Johnson, from Utah, reports the pear thrifty, bear- ing early, giving large fruit, and, especially in their Southern district, appearing entirely at home. FROM TEXAS. S. Bates & Son write, " Pears do well when cared for, but those on quince soon take root on the pear stock. There are as yet few orchards of extent in bearing ; but the exhibit in private gardens is such that soon, we think, pears of Texas growth will attract notice." ^ FROM MICHIGAN. B. B. Hathaway, of Little Prairie Ronde, writes : — " This fruit is not grown to any great extent in this part REPOET OF THE SECRETARY. 129 of the State. In regions nearer the lake, there are orchards being set. Their success or failure is mostly yet a matter of conjecture. " I have twenty kinds or more, ten or more years planted, and yet I must defer any thing like a decided opinion in re- gard to the value of most of them. " The Bartlett is, without doubt, the most valuable on the list, and has given early and good returns. The White Doyenne has so far done well ; the trees, however, are only just coming into fruit. The Flemish Beauty, Anjou, Tyson, Beurre Diel, Lawrence, and Seckel, are among the most promising varieties. " There is one peculiarity with the pear, as manifested here, worthy of note. It is probably not confined to this sec- tion, though I have reason to think it more striking here than in other places. " It often takes several years for a variety to develop its true character. I have, for instance, a Flemish Beauty tree that bore five or six years, and never ripened a pear. The fruit had size, and the true form, but remained green, like a worthless winter pear. It now ripens its fruit properly. So of many, I might say most, kinds with me. " Beurre Bosc, though evidently true, has never been eatable ; so of Beurre Diel, Louise Bonne, Glout Morceau, Winter Nelis, and a half a dozen other leading sorts. " Whether it is the result of soil, or climate, or mode of culture, I am in doubt : I think the former. Cultivation does not seem to make any difference in this respect, as we would suppose, judging from other fruits." CHflRRI £ S. FROM UTAH. J. E. Johnson, of Utah, "svrites, " Cherries do well in the northern district, but the new Hybrid Utah cherry is of most value. This is entirely a new fruit : a cross between the wild plum of the Western prairies and the Utah Sand Cherry. Budded on the peach, it forms a dwarf tree, that 17 130 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY. loads its(>lf yearly -with masses of fruit, as large as a good- sized cherry, of a purplish violet color, and of delicious flavor." FROM NEBKASKA. E,. W. Furnas, of Nebraska, says, " The Early Rich- mond is the only reliable variety. The Heart varieties do no good." FROM THE SOUTH. From the far South the records of cherries read much as follows : " The sweet varieties and nearly all the Dukes, sun-scald and die." — '• Tried them all, and never saw fruit of any but Morello, and but few of that." F. Davis, of Virginia, says, " The cherry does not re- ceive as much attention as it deserves. On the Mazzard or Mahaleb, they succeed well." FROM MICHIGA^^ .T. Whittlesey, of St. Joseph, says, " Many varieties fail from the humidity of the atmosphere, but ripen well in a dry season." PEACHES. FROM NORTH CAROLINA. W. L. Steele, of Rockingham, N.C., reports, " All peaches are at home with us. The very poorest I cultivate is Early York, serrate. Glandless varieties are to be doubted always ; they are disposed to rot ; Tillotson does not, how- ever, and is our best very early variety. Amelia is showy, of fair flavor, and large size ; Early Newington, free, is the best for home consumption. Of clings. Old Mixon and Washington are best." ^ FROM VIRGINIA. Wm. L. Lambour, Princess Anne Count)', Va., writes : — " Hale's Early ripened 1st to 15th of July ; Tillotson, 1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 131 Troth's Early; Large Early York, and Crawford's Early, ripened 15th July to August 10th. Tillotson suffered from mildew. If this and Hale's do no better another year, we shall reject them." C. Gillingham, Mt. Vernon, Va., gives the following list for his section : — Troth's Early. Noblesse. Honest John. Old Mixon. Late Heath Free and Cling. Susquehanna. La Grange, very late freestone. Ward's Late Free. Magnum Bonum. Smock's Late Free. The Hale's Early has not sustained its credit with us, as yet ; does not ripen well, rots on the tree, or immediately after being taken off the tree. FROM GEORGIA. p. J. Berckmans, of Georgia, takes our Catalogue list, and stars as follows : — Barnard, Bergen's Yellow, Crawford's Late, Druid Hill, Early Newington Freestone, George the Fourth, Grosse Mi- gnonne, Haine's Early, Heath Cling, Hyslop Cling, La Grange, Large White Cling, Late Red Rai'eripe, Noblesse, Old Mixon Cling, President, Red-cheek Melocoton, Scott's Non- pareil, Smock Freestone, Susquehanna, Tippecanoe Cling, Troth's Early, and Yellow Rareripe. He double stars Colum- bia, Crawford's Early, Tillotson, Serrate Early York, Large Early York, Lemon Cling, Old Mixon Free, and Stump the World. To Hale's Early he would apply three stars. FROM MISSISSIPPI. M. W. Phillips of Chatawa, Miss., sends a long list cover- ing nearly all varieties named in our Catalogue, and adding Wilson's Early, Lady Parkam, and many more varieties of Southern origin. FROM NEBRASKA. R. W. Furnas, Nebraska, writes, " Our native seedlings 132 EEFOET OF THE SECEETARY. are many of tbcni very fine indeed, and I look for native Nebraska peaches to take a place in the front rank. Thus far, budded trees from Eastern nurseries have not given satisfaction." FROM UTAH. J. E. Johnson, of Utah, reports the peach on well-drained clay or sandy soils as comparatively free from disease, and giving fine large fruit, but on low black or moist soils, the tree is diseased and soon dies. FROM TEXAS. S. Bates & Son, write : — " Peaches are our great staple fruit ; everywhere they grow- to perfection ; we have no disease. The country is full of seedling trees, and, of course, on such trees the fruit is very inferior, but there is now a very great demand for first-class fruit, and the demand for trees of the best varieties is increas- ing. Hale's Early sustains its reputation here. I think it is improved both in size and flavor ; ripens here the 10th of June. Crawford's Early and Late, Stump the World, Bergen's Yellow, and Troth's Early lied, are very productive here. Chinese Cling is decidedly the finest cling we have, while the Old Mixon Cling, or, as we call it here, ' Congress Cling,' is the most profitable. Blood Cling is good here. Spring frosts sometimes cut short the crop, yet I have only had two short crops in ten years." FROM MICHIGAN. J. Whittlesey, of St. Joseph, Mich., writes : — " Our largest, finest, and most important crop is the peach. Nearly every known variety is under cultivation ; and, with the exception of a few standard varieties, they all have their advocate's and opposers. . Without attempting to settle the relative merit of any in dispute, the following list, carefully prepared by a committee of experienced fruit- EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 133 growers, presents, in their judgment, the most successful and valuable in the order of ripening for market : — Hale's Early, August, 15th. Coolidge's Favorite, September, 2d. Crawford's Early, September 10th. Jacques' Rareripe, September 13th. Old Mixon Freestone. Morris' White, September 20th. Crawford's Laic, September 2Tth. Stump the World, September, 27th. Smock Free, October 10th. *' The five varieties in Italics are counted the most valuable. "We have eight kinds of Yellow Rareripe, all but two of which may be classed doubtful ; so the Keyport White ; Early Yellow Barnard is not in favor ; George IV. is dis- carded, as also Wheeler's Early; while Hill's Chili, or Jenny Lind, finds favor with some." T, J. Ramsdell, of Manistee, Mich., writes : — " So far as I can ascertain from my own experience, and information derived from others, I should classify peaches in the following relative order: 1st, Hale's Early; 2d, Cool- idge's Favorite ; 3d, Early York ; 4th, Early Barnard ; 5th, Early Crawford. Other varieties have been planted, but not as yet fruited ; among these. Troth's Early is highly recom- mended. All kinds of peach trees make a vigorous growth, and do not winter-kill back in the least. The 'curl leaf troubles the tree to some extent the first year after setting, and I think Troth's Early is more afflicted with this disease than any other variety. " The peach belt, so far as has been tested by actual experi- ment, extends inland around Traverse Bay three miles, and from Northport southward to St. Joseph, ten miles back from Lake Michigan." NECTARINES A IV » APRICOTS. These two fruits are not spoken of in any reports, except as being grown by amateurs, and in sheltered locations. Mr. 134 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Berckmans, however, has starred all our catalogue list of nectarines except Stanwick ; and of apricots he stars Breda, Orange, and Turkey ; and double stars Early Golden and Moorpark. J. E. Johnson, Utah, names a new apricot, under the name of " Gates." " Fruit large, flattened on one side ; bright yel- low, streaked with green ; delicious." Another, produced by C. A. Terry, St. George, called the " Terry ; " medium size ; very early. Franklin Davis, of Virginia, writes : — " The curculio is so destructive to these fruits that but little attention is given to their cultivation. When the ground is hard under the trees, or hard trodden, or when swine or poultry have frequent access, good crops are generally ob- tained ; as there might be apart from this protection, if daily attention was given to jarring the trees, and catching the little Turk on sheets placed under the trees." S. Bates & Son, of Texas, write, " Nectarines and Apri- cots do well." P Ij U M S . FROM GEORGIA. P. J. Berckmans stars Damson, General Hand, St. Catharine, Yellow Gage, and Imperial Gage ; and double stars Chickasaw and Smith's Orleans. From all other reports the word amounts to about this : Fruit good when to be had, but costs all or more than it is worth to get it. QIJINCSS. Mr. Berckmans takes our Catalogue, and stars the list ; then adds Chinese, with two stars. NATIVE GRAPES. ■^ FROM GEORGIA. P. J. Berckmans, of Georgia, gives one star to each of the following : Alvey, Catawba, Clinton, Creveling, Diana, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 135 Elsingburgh, Herbemont, lona. Union Village, Miles, Thom- as, and Lenoir. He double stars Black July, Delaware, Hartford Prolific, Maxatawny, Israella, and Scuppernong. FROM UTAH. J. E. Johnson, of Utah, writes : — ** Our soil is volcanic here in the South, with granite and sandstone ; in the North, granite. Here the mountains are of red sandstone ; sides of mountains and hills strewed with fragments of scoria and melted granite. The atmosphere is dry and exhausting. Grapes grow and fruit remarkably. We have imported over a hundred varieties of the finest exotic grape vines, and find them all and generally to flourish to our fullest satisfaction, and fruit bountifully, with high flavor and large size. The hardy American varieties produce large crops, with flavor superior to those grown in Eastern States ; but these are all fairly eclipsed now the foreign sorts are coming into bearing. The first vineyard here, of about two acres, was planted by Walter E. Dodge, and has been four years in bearing. Last year he made over 2000 gallons of wine from the same. Of Muscat Hamburg, BoAvood Muscat, and Lady Down's, I received cuttings two years ago from Charles Downing, which are now loaded with fruit, very large and of most delicious flavor. I think this region bids fair to excel in wine and raisins. " Of new grapes, we have the ' Jarvis,' a seedling grown in this city by George Jarvis. It is large, white, with ^fine, sweet, rich pulp, makes a fine raisin, and I believe it is hardy. This is the best seedling in the territory, and, so far as I know, the only one worthy of much attention." FROM VIRGINIA. Franklin Davis, of Virginia, writes : — " Grapes are receiving a good deal of attention, and we believe we have the right soil and climate for them. The Catawba and Isabella still succeed well in the western portion of the State. The Concord, Clinton, and Norton's Virginia 136 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. are a fixed fact with us, hardy and productive. The Dela- ware has done well in some localities ; the same may be said of many other of the newer sorts, but they have not been tried long enough to pass judgment upon them at this time." FROM MISSOURI. Col. George Husmann, of BlufFton, Missouri, gives the fol- lowing specific lists of grapes for cultivation : — For market purposes, general cultivation : Concord, Hart- ford Prolific, Mary Ann, North Carolina Seedling, Martha, Rogers' Hybrids, Goethe (No. 1), Wilder (No. 4), Merri- mack (No. 19), and Salem (No. 22). Amateur's list for family use : Clara, Creveling, Delaware, Herbemont, Maxatawny, E.ogers' Hybrids, Massasoit (No. 3), Lindley (No. 9), and No. 12 and Telegraph. Grapes for wine, general cultivation : Concord, Norton's Virginia, Cynthiana, Clinton. For eastern slopes, deep soil : Concord, Clinton, Norton's Virginia, Cynthiana, Ives, Martha, Maxatawny, Taylor, Telegraph, Kogers' Hybrids, Goethe (No. 1), Massasoit (No. 3), and Lindley (No. 9). For southern slopes, with limestone soil : Herbemont, Cunningham, Cynthiana, Norton's Virginia, Louisiana, Ru- lander. For north-eastern slopes, deep, rich, sandy soil, or river bottoms : Delaware, Alvey, Creveling, Cassady. FROM TEXAS. S. Bates & Son write : — *' The Grape-fever has set in here, and from appearances promises to be epidemic. We have much to encourage us ; nearly every variety succeeds well with us. The Concord is a great success. Delaware, lona, Israella, and Rogers' Hybrids, Massasoit (No. 3), Agawam (No. 15), Merrimack *^No. 19), and 33, are all very profitable. Herbemont is all that could be wished for here. The Scuppernong grows well in our sandy soil. Clinton promises well as a wine EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 137 grape. Hartford Prolific, valuable as an early market grape. Of the foreign varieties, Golden Chasselas and Black Ham- burg do well in the open air." FROM MICHIGAN. B. B. Hathaway, of Little Prairie Ronde, Mich., writes favorably of Delaware, Concord, and Hartford Prolific ; and unfavorably of lona, Rogers' Hybrids, Creveling, Israella, Allen's Hybrid, and Catawba. J. Whittlesey, of St. Joseph, favors Hartford, Concord, Delaware, lona, Ives, and Diana ; and rejects Catawba and Isabella. FROM NEBRASKA. E. Lowe, of Omaha, writes, " he is confident Nebraska can take premium, in growing native grapes, over all our broad country, except, perhaps, California and Utah." R. W. Furnas, of Brownsville, Nebraska, President of the State Horticultural Society, writes as follows : ** What we call our bluff" lands, situate from the Mis- souri River back to an average extent of two miles, nature has arranged expressly for grape growing. Those proving perfectly hardy, healthy, and productive, thus far, are as follows, and in the order named : Delaware, Concord, Diana, Hartford Prolific, Ives' Seedling, Norton's Virginia, Oporto, Clinton, Herbemont, Adirondac, Catawba, and Isabella. The above, with the exception of the Catawba and Isabella, stand our winters without protection, remaining on the trellis or stake, and produce enormous crops. Thus far, with any thing like good treatment, they have been free from disease of any kind. A few rampant growers, and without pruning, have mildewed to some extent. The Catawba and Isabella, to insure a full crop, should be thrown on the ground and slightly covered with straw or rubbish during the winter. The Delaware is rather a slow grower for two or three years, but after that grows about as freely as the Concord, 18 138 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. and a most profuse bearer. The bunches are large and full, and the fruit most delicious. Of over fifty varieties under cultivation, I regard the Delaware as superior to all others. I received my first vines of this variety from George W. Camp- bell, of Ohio, and fancy I have the pure article. I am grovs^- ing the Malta, Martha, Salem, lona, Isabella, and Rogers' Hybrids, Goethe (No. 1), Massasoit (No. 3), Wilder (No. 4), Lindley (No. 9), and Merrimack (No. 19), but have not yet fruited them. The vine is fine, hardy, healthy, and luxuri- ant. The foregoing is based upon my personal experience and observation, after a residence of fourteen years in Nebraska." M. W. Phillips, of Mississippi, speaks of our native sorts about according to the stars given by Mr. Berckmans, of Georgia. W. L, Lambour, of Virginia, says, " Isabella and Clin- ton are, so far, best as tried. Concord makes slow growth, and Catawba must be rejected." CURRAIVTS. Reports from the Southern States speak of the currant as worthless. Nebraska reports it successful. coosx:be:rbies. The remarks under currants apply here. RASPB£RRI£S. Taking our Catalogue, P. J. Berckmans, of Georgia, stars American Black, Catawissa, and adds Clarke, Imperial Red, and Allen. Robert W. Furnas, of Nebraska, says, "The Red An- twerp and Franconia have done well. The Ellisdale, a native of Iowa, is our best variety." Franklin Davis, of Virginia, writes, " Few varieties suc- ceed." J. Whittlesey, of St. Joseph, Mich., writes, " The Clarke, Philadelphia, and Red Antwerp are on trial, with no defi- nite result, as the quantity has not been sufficient to test the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 139 market. Doolittle's Black Cap may, in some respects, be called a failure. The vines deteriorate yearly ; the berries ripen in the hottest part of the season, are more expensive to handle than others, and too easily glut the market. The crop this season was very large, owing to the long-continued rains." BliACEBERRIES. The New Rochelle is the only one starred by Mr. Berck- mans or Mr. Phillips, while by no others at the South is the plant even named. In Nebraska, the Kittatinny and Missouri Mammoth are favored by two reports, and the Wilson is added by another. Franklin Davis, of Virginia, writes, " The blackberry is at home everywhere." From Michigan, Mr. Whittlesey, of St. Joseph, says the New Rochelle is a success, and the Kittatinny and Wilson are promising well. B. B. Hathaway, of Little Prairie Ronde, writes, " The Doolittle is cultivated to a greater extent than any other, and gives satisfactory results. The Purple Cane is very pro- ductive, and its fine flavor makes it a favorite for family use. The Philadelphia has, so far, proved hardy, and the most productive of the red raspberries yet tested. We are pre- paring to test all the leading new things in this line, and will be able to speak of them authoritatively in due time." STRAWBERRIEiS. P. J. Berckmans, of Georgia, gives one star to the follow- ing : Triomphe de Gand, Wilson, Philadelphia, Durant, Starr, Rippawam, and Seedling Eliza. M. W. Phillips, of Mississippi, marks French, Agricultu- rist, Green's Prolific, Longworth's Prolific, Russell, Triomphe de Gand, and Wilson. R. W. Furnas, of Nebraska, marks the Wilson and Agri- culturist as the two leading sorts ; while " others have done well under good treatment." The committee of the Norfolk, Va., Horticultural Society, through F. W. Lamorey, chairman, say that in 1869 three 140 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. million quarts of strawberries were shipped from that port, two-thirds or three-fifths being Wilson's Albany, the balance mainly a variety called " Stewart," which was introduced from Maryland, and is about ten days earlier. S. Bates & Son, of Brenham, Texas, say, *' Jucunda is worthless ; Triomphe de Gand very good ; Wilson not good, gets sun-killed." FIGS. This fruit is reported from Utah as " almost universally hardy." " The White Ischia seems to suit the climate best, and is very fruitful. Prospects are fair for the fig, as well as the almond, to become important fruits for this section." P. J. Berckmans gives the following list of Figs, Mulber- ries, and Pomegranates for Georgia : Name. FIGS. Early. Early. Early. Medium. Medium. Early. Early. Early. Violet, long J Medium. Angelique ,- Brunswick Madonna, Constantinople. Black Genoa Black Ischia Celestial Green Ischia JVhite Ischia. Jaune Hative Lemon Season. Violet, round . Nerii Frequesta. - White Marseilles Superfin de la Saussaye Turkey MULBERRIES. Hicks' Everbearing . Downing Persian Black Persian White Johnson POMEGRANATES. •^weet Acid . Violet Dway Medium. Late. Medium. Medium. Late. E. to L. Early, Early. Late. Medium, Medium, Early. Early. Late. Late. Color. Quality. Yellow. 2d. Violet. 1st. Blue. 1st. Blue. 1st. Pale Violet. 1st. Green. 1st. Yellow. 2d. Yellow. 1st. Violet. 1st. Violet. 2d. White. 1st. Purple. 1st. White. 1st. Brown. 1st. Brown. 1st. Black. 2d. Black. 1st. Black. 1st. Lilac. 3d. Black. 1st. Reddish. 1st. Reddish. 3d. ^ Violet. 1st. ^ Red. 2d. Size. Small. Very Large. Medium. Medium. Small. Medium. ISIedium. Medium. Large. Medium. Small. Small. Medium. Medium. Large. Bears 3 mos. Best. Very Tart. Large. Very Large. Very Large. Small. EEPORT OF COJIMITTEE ON WINES. 141 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON WINES. A quantity of Native American Wines, having been sent to the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society for examination and comparison, and for the purpose of showing the values of varieties of grapes for such use, that Society asked the President of the American Pomological Society to appoint a committee of examination. President Wilder, in compliance with the request, appointed such committee, whose report is as follows : The Committee to whom was entrusted the difficult task of examining and comparing the native wines on exhibition, respectfully report : That they found on the table three varieties, viz., Catawba, Concord, and Norton's Virginia, from George Leick, Cleve- land, Ohio. Five varieties, viz., Catawba, Concord, Norton's Virginia, and North Carolina seedling, from George Husmann, St. Louis, Mo., by his agent, James R. Webb, Philadelphia, who also sent the " Imperial " (sparkling), from the Urbana Wine Company. Five varieties, viz., Sonoma Hock, California Claret, An- gelica, Muscatel, and Brandy, from Perkins, Stern & Co., of Boston. And the following sparkling wines, viz.. Works' Golden Eagle ; Longworth's Golden Wedding, from Longworth Wine Co., Cincinnati ; and Paris Exposition, from the Pleas- ant Valley Wine Co. The Committee proceeded, by the aid of Twitchell's acid- ometer, presented by Dr. Warder, to test the acids contained in each of the dry wines, which is recorded in tenths of one per cent, in addition to the judgment of taste expressed by the Committee, who used the terms good, very good, and best, to designate their opinions. The acidometer is described by Dr. AVarder as an instru- ment for testmg the proportion of acid in wines, which prom- ises to supply an important want, and to furnish a definite 142 REroRT OF comjsiittee on wines. measure of this element, for which no practical quantitative test has heretofore existed. It is a simple device for immersing in a fixed quantity of the wine, a quantity of bicarbonate of soda ; from which carbonic acid gas being evolved and conveyed through a small tube into a glass receptacle of a similar character, partly filled with water, and supplied with a graduated tube rising from this water, the rise of the column of water indicates the proportion of gas evolved, and consequently the propor- tion of acid existing in the wine. Both the glass receptacles are fitted with air-tight caps, the one receiving the wine being fitted with a wire carrying a small plate, on which the soda rests until the cap is closed, when by a screw it is carried down and immersed in the Avine. The scale is graduated to show thousandths, and may go to ten-thousandths. The proportion of acid in American wines varies from zero of this scale to ten or twelve thousandths, the average perhaps being five or seven thousandths. The instrument promises to be a valuable adjunct of the hydrometer and saccharometer ; and it is equally well sus- tained in the scientific basis on which it rests, as an accurate quantitative test. The only thing necessary is to measure the zero of the scale correctly. The California wines were first tested, as follows : — Sonoma Hock, acid 0.43, good. California Claret, 0.42, good. California Port, 0.3, void of character as a port wine. Cucomongo, Sansevein, 0.3, of a pale sherry color ; a rich, fruity wine, said by Mr. Blodgett to be equal to a new South- side Madeira. Catawba, from George Leick, acid, 0.7, best. Catawba, from George Husmann, acid, 0.5, good. Concord, from George Leick, acid, 0.7, best. Concord, from George Husmann, acid, 0.5, good. Norton's Virginia, George Leick, acid, 0.7, best. Norton's Virginia, George Husmann, acid, 0.5, good. North Carolina, George Husmann, acid, 0.5, very good ; KEPOET or COBOnTTEE ON WINES. 143 a fine wine resembling Hock, and showing the value of the grape from which it was made, as a wine grape. From Urbana "Wine Company, "Imperial," a sparkling wine ; good. From Werks, of Cincinnati, " Golden Eagle," a genuine Catawba character, well manufactured, sho^ying the manipu- lator a master of his art ; but to our taste too sweet, a fault often remarked. It is as rich as " Mumm's." ** Golden "Wedding." This is only second to *' Golden Eagle ; " but from some unknown cause there is left in the mouth at the last a slightly unpleasant flavor. From Pleasant Valley, " Paris Exposition," a wine said to be made by mingling Diana, Delaware, and Catawba. It is a fine sparkling wine. Respectfully submitted by J. E. Mitchell, Chairman. EXPERIMENTS IN HYBRIDIZING THE GRAPE. BY DR. A. P. WYLIE, . OF SOTITU CAROLINA F. R. Elliott, Esq., — Dear Sir, — When we parted at Philadelphia, I promised, if I could seize a moment in my flying trip north, that I would write to you in Boston, giving a short sketch of my experiments in hybridizing the grape. I shall endeavor to do so, as concisely as possible, only detailing those things which may be somewhat novel to most persons. My mode of hybridizing- differs but little from others practising t^is art. I select a good, healthy bunch ; watch when the first blooms commence bursting ; then go, early in the morning, when damp with dew, and clip off all blooms already blown or about bursting, and all immature blooms, saving only those which would probably burst their petals, or expand within twenty-four hours. Then, with a very small cutting instrument, or, what answers better, a couch- ing needle, detach the stamens containing the unripe pollen ; then cover with paper, and shade, to keep the stigma in a damp condition ; on the two following mornings, I apply the pollen, using a velvet pencil, as preferable. By this means, I avoid the possibility of self-impregnation. After the fruit ripens containing the impregnated seed, I wash and preserve them in powdered brick dust or sand, in phial, corked loosely, buried in the ground until spring, then plant them ; and, when a few inches high, if I wish to push t^em, inarch them on the young shoots of strong vines cut off for the purpose. By this means they will bear the fol- lowing year. HYBRIDIZING THE GRAPE. 145 In 1861, I exhibited, at the Aiken Vine- Growing Conven- tion, S.C., seven varieties of hybrid fruit, which were pro- duced from seed planted and inarched in 1860. It is better to use fresh pollen ; but it may be sent from a distance by mail, and kept good for several weeks, folded in paper, and this wrapped in tin-foil, and kept in a corked phial, in a cool place. I have kept it three or four weeks perfectly, in this way. I find that all the natives with which I have experimented hybridize freely with the (Vitis vinifera) foreign, except the Scuppernong (Bullace). I have impregnated successfully with the foreign pollen the following ; viz., Vitis aestivalis, several varieties ; Vitis Labrusca, many varieties ; Vitis cor- difolia, four varieties ; also successively fertilized Vitis vini- fera with each of the above species ; also many hybrids with each other, and with pure species ; and many natives with each other ; also numerous hybrids with hybrids and fixed species. The Scuppernong appears to be a very distinct species, and least capable of all others of hybridizing with other species. My experience goes far to establish the following facts ; viz., first, that we cannot fertilize the Scuppernong Avith pol- len from any other species or their hybrid varieties, as I have repeatedly failed to do so under the most favorable circumstances ; also failed, after numerous trials, to fertilize Scuppernong with male (staminate) hybrid Scupj)ernong. Second, that we can impregnate the foreign {Vitis vinifera) with pollen from the Scuppernong, as I have had the plants growing ever since 1861 ; but none have borne fruit. Third, that we cannot impregnate either Labrusca, ^stivalis, or Cordifolia, as I have repeatedly failed in the attempt. Fourth, that you can fertilize both native and foreign, and their hybrids, with male (staminate) hybrid Scuppernong pollen, as I have often done. Fifth, that no first crop of Scuppernong and foreign will produce a prolific fruit-bearing plant; as those have invariably either proven to be male (staminate), or hermaphrodites with (stigma and stamina) 146 HYBRIDIZING THE GEAPE. male and female organs of reproduction defective, conse- quently bearing no fruit. It is true, I have seen one of those hermaphrodites bear a few berries, by applying pollen from a grape vine of a different variety. (See Gardeners'' Mont/thj, 18(i8, page 153.) Sixth, that you can produce a prolific hybrid Scuppernong by impregnating the foreign ( Vitis vmifeni) with pollen fi-om hybrid male (staminate) Scuppernong, as I hare had a hybrid thus produced to bear perfect fruit, with perfect seed, for the first time, this last summer. I have also plants of Herbemont, Delaware, Lenoir, Clinton, and others, impregnated with the same pollen, which have every appearance of bearing- plants, but were not old enough to bear this summer. There appears to be a mechanical difficulty, which limits the production of hybrids with the Scuppernong and other species. Suspecting some difficulty of this kind, from my repeated failures, I requested my friend. Dr. T. T. Robert- son, of Winsboro', S.C, a gentleman of high respectability and intelligence, who was familiar with the use of a micro- scope of high power, to examine for me the various kinds of grape pollen. He writes thus : — "JuxE 1, 1868. *• Dear Sir, — I dare say you have come to the conclusion that I have slighted your grape-pollen communication. Not so. I have been quite interested in examining the pollen of all varieties within my reach, and have had to wait until now for the Scuppernong to bloom. It is just within the last few days that it has bloomed. I have examined every vari- ety within my reach, — native, foreign, wild, tame, winter, summer, and all, — and had come to the conclusion that grape pollen was grape pollen, and nothing more, the world over, and that there was no difference whatever in the size, shape, color, &c., of the pollen grains; but when I came to the Scuppernong (the very one you seem most solicitous about), I did find a difference. In this the pollen grains are smaller and more spherical than any of the others. The HYBRIDIZING THE GRAPE. 147 rest (Avhich all look alike) are more oblong, with a greater longitudinal diameter than the Scuppernong. The trans- verse diameter, I think, is about the same in all. If there is any difference, the Scuppernong is a shade less ; and this may account for the result of your experiments ; that is, the ability to impregnate other species with the pollen of the Scuppernong, and the inability to do the reverse. " I believe the theory is, that the pollen grains must pass through the style of the pistil, and come in contact with the ovule at its base, to effect its fecundation. Now, if the pol- len grains are smaller in the Scuppernong, the inference is, that the canal through which they have to pass is also smaller than that of the other varieties ; and thus may be explained the result of your experiments. The smaller grains may pass through the larger tubes ; but the larger grains cannot through the smaller tubes. " I am no botanist ; am not much of a microscopist ; and therefore would not like to be quoted as authority upon the subject. I have been quite interested in your experiment, and mean to pursue it further. " Yours truly, " T. T. EOBERTSON. « Dr. A. P. Wylie." Some time after this, I sent him some hybrid Scuppernong pollen to examine. He writes thus : — " WixsBORo', June 15, 1868. "Dear Sir, — I have examined the pollen, and think I could have diagnosed it as a hybrid or mixed specimen. The difference between the Scuppernong and all other varieties that I have examined is very distinct ; so much so, that I believe I could detect a single grain of it in any specimen that might come in the field of view. " The specimen sent contains a very large proportion of grains resembling the Scuppernong, and a much smaller pro- portion resembling those of all other varieties that I have 148 HYBRIDIZING THE GRAPE. examined. I send you a rude sketch of their appearance, in outhne, of the various kinds ; that is, the Scuppernong, all other varieties, and the specimen sent of hybrid Scupper- nong. You will perceive that the Scuppernong grains are more spherical, and less uniform in shape, than the others. The long diameter is considerably less ; the short diameter about the same, or probably a shade less. I have no mi- crometer, and therefore cannot give you the dimensions ; can only judge from the eye. The pollen grains appear, in out- line, to be oblong, elliptical, or oval. If I were any thing of a botanist, I could probably write more intelligibly upon this subject. " T. T. Robertson. " Dr. A. P. Wylie." Still, notwithstanding my failures and the revelations ot the microscope, I have broken the barrier which separates the Scuppernong from the other species of grape, and pro- duced one prolific plant, with well-formed berries, fine, high musk flavored fruit, and perfect seed, the bunches con- taining from twenty to twenty-five berries, and ripening in succession, as the Scuppernong ; and who can predict the fine varieties that may be produced in future by producing hybrids of this species, and planting their seed ? For I find that there is no end to the sporting of varieties raised from seed of hybrid plants or the crosses between two hybrids. The Scuppernong is one of the most distinct and remark- able species in the Morlcl ; and in loamy, porous soil, or even in the damp, sandy soil of the South, where other kinds can- not flourish, it flourishes, and bears incredible quantities. It never rots, and has no disease — that I ever heard of. The aegeria, or grub, so destructive to the foreign and other soft- wooded species, never touches it. I have seen it bear and flourish, with its roots intwined among the roots of other species, completely honeycombed Avith the grub. My experience satisfies me that we can never produce a variety, by hybridizing or otherwise, with a leaf closely re- HYBRIDIZING THE GRAPE. 149 sembling the foreign, that will stand our changeable climate ; they will either mildew or blight. At one time, I feared that Ave could never produce a variety by crossing native and foreign with a native leaf, and fruit of the texture and flavor of the Frontignac and other foreign varieties ; but, within the last few years, I am now convinced that we can, as I have hybrids growing which will rival the best foreign in texture and flavor, with well-marked native foliage. Un- fortunately, many of the hybrids between native and foreign set their fruit very badly. Some of my very best in every other respect fail almost entirely in this respect, and are, consequently, worthless. Seminal debility or defective or- gans of generation, I fear, will prove a great obstacle to pro- ducing valuable varieties from native and foreign parentage. I find this particularly the case in hybrids between ^Estivalis and foreign. I never have had but one plant of Lenoir impregnated with foreign to produce any fruit, and it was worthless. The Labrusca and foreign hybrids set better. The Cor- difolia and foreign hybrids set perfectly, so far as I have tried them ; but I have only had nine plants of this hybrid to bear. Many of the crosses between crosses have this same non-setting defect. Still, some of my most promising hy- brids or crosses have been produced by fertilizing hybrids with hybrid pollen of another variety ; but there is no end to the sporting of such crosses. In the first years of my experiments, like all new begin- ners, I made many egregious blunders, owing to the want of the best varieties to experiment, and to improper manuring and forcing, &c. My soil is a very poor, tenacious pipe- clay, either too wet or dry, cracking widely in dry weather. Manuring Avith undecomposed manures, such as chips from wood and fresh stable manure, produces a peculiar fungoid growth, which ramifies its white roots in the soil, and ap- pears to be very destructive to vines, inducing mildew and decay. I have lost a great manj seedlings and other vines from this cause ; also by attempting to force in hotbeds and 150 HYBRIDIZING THE GRAPE. houses, thereby getting them scorched and crippled. My experience has been, that if we get a seedling badly mil- dewed or scorched when yonng, we can never produce a healthy race from it, and that all such should be at once destroyed. I have had many seedlings injured by over- heating and improper manure, which would linger on for a time and die, notwithstanding grafting, inarching, and every other means in my power were adopted to save and perpet- uate the kind. The same general laws appear to preside over both vegetable and animal life. We cannot expect to perpetuate a healthy progeny from constitutionally diseased parents. If it were practicable, there should be appointed, by law, competent inspectors, who should select proper localities for nurseries, and see that no diseased stock of vines should be propagated or disseminated. It is probable that many, if not all, of the old valuable varieties which have dwindled away and are now lost or worthless, have been brought to prema- ture decay by propagating from diseased stock. When a truly valuable variety has been originated, there should be a favored locality, where a few plants should be kept in a state of perpetual vigor and health, so that they could al- ways be resorted to for the purpose of renewing the stock. I have been hybridizing extensively for ten years ; but, owing to the war, the passing and repassing and camping of armies, the bankrupt and unsettled condition of the South, only a few of the many promising varieties I have originated have been well tested, even in one or two localities. Some of these are of very good quality, hardy and prolific bearers. Many more, the fruit of which I think far ahead of any native in cultivation, and equal to some of the best foreign, have fine native foliage (in appearance), and every promise of proving hardy, healthy, and productive ; but they have not at all been sufficiently tested to predict, Avith any cer- tainty, their future merits. I don't think there is question but that we can easily produce fine, hardy, and productive varieties by crossing natives with natives ; and occasionally HYBEIDIZING THE GEArE. 151 I think we can produce superior kinds by crossing hybrids of the various kinds with each other. Some of my most prom- ising have been produced in that way. I have also great hope from hybrids of the Cordifolia, Ripari, &c. My hy- brids from Cordifolia and foreign are mostly of recent origi- nation ; but I have many coming into bearing. As our State is becoming more settled, and recovering from the effects of the war, I hope, before long, to have many varie- ties projDcrly tested, not only there, but in every part of our widely extended country. Inclosed are some notes of my grapes sent to Mr. Ravenel, and examined by him and Dr. L. E. Berckmans, of Augusta, in 1867. Those varieties have continued to flourish and bear well, and nearly all of them bore remarkable crops both last and this year. The Delaware and Halifax hybrids, cul- tivated by Mr. Guthrie, of York, S.C, have not failed in the slightest degree to bear a full crop since they first came into bearing in 1866 and 1867 ; grow vigorously, and retain their leaves under our burning Southern sun ; also the Hali- fax and Black Hamburg hybrids have done well. I fear you can make but little use of this long epistle. Last night I was at leisure, but at a noisy hotel, which con- fuses us villagers or country people very much, who are un- accustomed to much noise and bustle. I commenced writing, and continued until I wrote all those rough pages, hoping that I would have time to review, copy, abridge, and shorten and correct it, but find that my time will not permit. I therefore forward it to you as it is, hoping, that if you find only part of it worthy of publication, you will cull it out, and have it corrected fit for publication. Yours respectfully, A. P. Wylie. AGENCIES OPERATING IN THE ATLANTIC STATES, UPON FRUIT CULTURE, AND MOKE ESPECIALLY UPON THAT OF THE PEACH. BY G. EMERSON, M.D., OF PHILADELPHIA. In the early settlement of our country, the peach tree seems to have been almost regardless of latitude, and to have perfected its fruit everywhere in the Eastern, Northern, and Middle States. But now the region in which it is found to flourish in the older settlements is comparatively limited. The cause or causes which have brought about this change, have led to much discussion and diversity of opinion. The peach, like its more tender congener, the almond, is a native of Persia, lying between the latitudes 30° to 40" north, and having a mild climate. In Northern Europe and in England this fruit can only be produced under artificial protection, under glass, or trained against walls having a southern exposure. In our own country, when the first clearings were made in the forests, the tree had the shelter afforded by surrounding woods, which acted the part of the glass-houses and fruit- walls of Northern Europe. After this natural protection had been gradually removed so as to let in the extremes of cold, this native of a mild climate was no longer able to resist the uncongenial influences to which it became exposed in more northern situations. FRUIT CULTUKE. 153 This theory I think strongly supported — if not demon- strated— by the fact that in the oldest parts of the United States the peach is now still found to thrive and bear luxuriant crops for 20, 30 and more years, in a section where the extreme cold of our winters is moderated through the influ- ence of large bodies of water, as, for example, in the penin- sula lying between the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays. In going south of Philadelphia the extensive peach orchards, of many hundreds of acres to each proprietor, are not reached until we arrive at the line of the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal, from which point these great bays spread out. Throughout the peninsula embraced between them the peach tree flourishes with very little care given to its cultivation. On good mellow clay-loam alluvials, where the tulip poplar spreads its roots far and wide and attains a majestic height of 120 to 160 feet, with 8 and 9 feet diameter, peach trees are found still healthy and in good bearing, more than 30 years old, and 5 and 6 feet in circumference. In one old orchard of such trees planted originally 20 feet apart, many were blown down by a tornado. This left trees 40 feet apart, and in such cases the branches are now lapping. This indicates that no deterioration of the energies of the peach tree has taken place in the region referred to, where the loss of forest protection has been compensated by the ameliorating influen- ces upon the climate exerted by adjacent large bodies of unfreezing water, often softened in temperature by currents from the South. From this comparatively limited region, the peach crop gathered the present season has been enormous, estimated by many at four millions of baskets of three pecks each. By many the decline of the peach tree, so manifest in extensive regions of our country, has been attributed to a specific disease, the precise nature of which has not been explained in a manner to afford general satisfaction. It is commonly known under the vague designation of " the yel- lows," from the jaundiced tinge assumed by the foliage, and even bark, of the tree. I am inclined to regard this decline 154 FRUIT CULTURE. as the result of loss of vitality in the tree, owing to exposure to lower degrees of temperature than its original organization enabled it to withstand, — a kind of consumption, maras- mus, or constitutional affection without any well-defined or- ganic disease, the predisposing cause of which exists in cli- matic agency. I think, also, that other fruits have suffered from similar agencies since the destruction of our forests and denudation of the country. That most delicate of all pears, the White Doy- enne, could in former times be perfected almost everywhere. Now it can scarcely be found in a healthy condition outside of our cities, which, according to the theory I have advanced in regard to the peach, protect it from low degrees of temper- ature persistently applied. There are other dehcate varieties of this fruit and some kinds of apples, which doubtless suffer from similar influences ; and the subject is one which will yet receive much attention from all interested in promoting fruit culture in our country. LETTER FROM ARIZONA. 155 LETTER FROM ARIZONA. St. Thomas, Pinte Co., Arizona, August 19, 1869. To the Honorable the President and Members of the American Pomological Convention at Philadelphia : — Gentlemen, — Being desirous of being remembered by, and at least partially represented before, your honorable body, we pen these few lines, since the extreme distance intervening between us and the seat of your Convention pre- cludes the opportunity of personal presence ; trusting that they will be regarded by you as a token of our interest in the great cause of your Convention. Isolated as is our terri- tory from all the ready means of communication and traffic with the rest of the world, encompassed by formidable deserts, but little has been done as yet in the way of horti- cultural improvements ; and what white men have traversed the pathless wilderness of our arid regions have done so in quest of gold and the interest of mining communities and the commerce they created. Pinte County is settled by an agricultural population whose aim is the reclaiming of the desert, and it is here where the first and only gardeners' club in the territory exists, as far as we can learn. Our experiments extend only over a part of four years ; but this short time has sufficed to prove that grapes, — our specialty, — figs, pomegranates, find here a congenial home. The Muscat of Alexandria, the flame-colored Tokay, the Fiber Zagas, the Verdelhe, and all other of the tender and highly prized grapes of Europe, flourish here as perfectly as they do on the sunny hills of Spain and Portugal ; and we expect to realize here as choice vintages as ever were presented to the markets of the world. Our May, June, July, and August are maintained at a mean temperature of 85° to 90° Fahr., and on the first of August, the present season, the White 156 LETTER FEOM CALIFORNIA. Muscat of Alexandria presented its fruit in perfect matu- rity, and the Fiher Zagas hung on the vines, at that date, a perfectly cured raisin of high quality. We desire to be favored with the opportunity of ex- changing seeds and scions -with our brethren of the Fruit- Growers' Convention in the East ; Ave can supply the seeds of a superior hedge-plant, growing wild with us, and excelling the Osage Orange in rapidity of growth and formidability as a barrier. This plant, called the Mescrew, will flourish south of the 37th parallel and supplant the Osage. Our multifari- ous varieties of splendid cactus of enormous size, would be found exceedingly attractive in the East. Trusting that you will accord us a passing notice in your deliberations, and favor us with a communication, we remain. Most respectfully. Your obedient servant, Warren Foote, President of St. Thomas Gardeners^ Club. LETTER FEOM CALIFORKIA. San Francisco, Sept. 7, 1869. Hon. M. p. Wilder : — Dear Sir, — I regret my inability to be with you at your coming meeting. I have exerted myself in procuring and forwarding a collection of our choice fruits, which I trust will arrive in good order, for your exhibition. I have gathered some brief accounts of our vine crops, which I herewith send. The probable amount of vines now growing in our State is, about twenty-five millions, located as follows : — Los Angeles Co., Sj- millions ; Sonoma, S^ millions. The other counties run from a few acres up to 10, 20, and 75 acres each, and rank in number as follows : Napa, Solano, LETTEE FEOM CALIFORNIA. 157 Sacramento, Eldorado, Santa Barbara, San Joaquin, and many other counties. In fact, success attends the vine with us everywhere ; not a county in our State where more or less wine is not produced, or where the vine would not grow successfully. Our foot-hills are now dotted over with little vineyards of 5 and 10 acres, where the grape grows very luxuriantly, and produces very fine wine. A few years more, a little more experience, and we will match the best wines of the Old World. The vines now most planted, those that have been tested and on demand, are : Zinfindal, White Frontignan, Muscat of Alexandria, White Nice, Riesling, Pineau, Traminer, Ham- burg, Chasselas, Black Prince, and Black St. Peter's. These and a few others are for ivines. For the table — Hamburg, Muscat of Alexandria, Rose Chasselas, Flamed Tokay, Cannon Hall Muscat, Rose of Peru — these all attain perfect maturity in our open vine- yards, and often bunches in September and October of 6 to 10 lbs. each. Every variety of foreign grape will grow perfectly in our open fields. Col. Haraszthy, whose sad fate we are now lamenting, of whose death we have just written, imported 400 new foreign grapes some years since ; nearly all were proved, and did well. No country in the world where the grape will do so well as in California, and this will be proved. The value of \'ineyards now planted with the Mission Grape in full bearing, say 5 years old, is $350 per acre and our foreign grapes $500 per acre. The estimate products of wine in 1868 was Jive million gallons; in 1867, say three and one-half millions. The year of 1869, the cool season may check old vines, but our new vineyards will bring up the quantity to 6 or 8 million gallons, and in three or four years, we will make 12 to fifteen million gallons ; and in 1875, our crop will swell to twentij-Jive million gallons. 158 LETTER FROM MICHIGAN. We think the vines this year over our State will average nearly owe-A^i/' gallon to the vine young and old, and when five years old, one gallon per vine. Our Mission grape is giving way to new kinds, yet in the foot-hills is it most excellent, and with equal weight of the Zinfindal makes splendid Burgundy wine, equal to any im- ported foreign vines ; bears heavy crops, in some warm places enormous crops. Vines five years here average twenty and thirty pounds to the vine. To make the most of the vine, great care is required to prune well, short pruning being the true way, and frequent summer pruning. The planting the vines is now rapidly increasing. More vines, more vines, is the word. We think fifteen to twenty per cent is the increase yearly ; the Mission Grape will net $60 to $75 per acre. Foreign kinds, $150 to $200, even when sold to wine-makers for $20 to $30 per ton. Yours truly, Col. Warren. LETTER FROM MICHIGAN. To Hon. F. R. Elliot, Sec. Am. Pom. Soc.: — Dear Sir, — Finding that the pressure of other matters forbids my attendance upon the sessions of the Society at Philadelphia, and, moreover, that it is impossible for me to command time to prepare a digested report, I have written to a variety of sources for information, and now enclose to you the results, in the form of reports, from Mr. John "Whit- tlesey, of St. Joseph, Jacob Ganzhour, of Spring L dee ; and T. J. Ramsdell of Manistee — all lake-shore points, and the two latter just beginning to attract a share of the attention •Heretofore mainly confined to St. Joseph. Also, from Mr. B. Hathaway, of Little Prairie Ronde, Cass County, Michi- gan. LETTER FROM MICHIGAN. 159 It will be recollected that at the Society's meeting at Boston (if I mistake not), in 1862, 1 spoke of the Michigan East Shore fruit belt, then supposed to be confined to the vicinity of St. Joseph, as extending, in all probability, as far north as Grande Traverse. It will be seen, from the in- closed reports from Spring Lake and Manistee, that this is no longer a mere surmise. Indeed, it is coming to be a well- established fact, that, especially for the growth of the small fruits, such as berries, and even grapes, the more northerly portions of this belt are preferable to those farther south, for the reason that the snow falls before the frost enters the ground, and remains permanently till the time for vegetation to start in spring ; while its depth is always such as to effect- ually shelter all roots and low-growing plants from all danger from the severity of winter. So perfect is this protection, that the potato, the dahlia, the gladiolus, and other tender tubers and bulbs, are suffered to stand out where grown, through the winter, with the most perfect impunity. Not- withstanding the value of the lacustrine protection, the great advantage of this additional mantle of snow is made obvious from the statements of Mr. Whittlesey respecting the re- peated partial failures at St. Joseph, from winter-killing of the fruit buds, to which we may add the acknowledged value of winter protection even where winter-killing does not actually occur. In conclusion, allow me to say that my duties are so en- grossing, in another direction, that I find myself drifting gradually, but surely, out of the horticultural field, and in an important sense becoming incapacitated for the position of Chairman of the Fruit Committee for the State of Michigan. I therefore earnestly request you (if my name shall be pro- posed anew for that position), to state these facts, and, on my behalf, to request the Society to replace it with the name of some other and more efficient person. Very respectfully, T. T. Lyon, Chairman Fruit CommiUee for Mkliigiin. HONORS AND COURTESIES. In recognition of the extreme courtesy, liberality, and good feeling shown by the civil authorities of Philadelphia, and the members of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, to the officers and members of the American Pomological Soci- ety, the Secretary feels it both a duty and a pleasure to place on record a brief account of the reception by the Mayor and civil authorities, and the grand banquet given by the Penn- sylvania Horticultural Society, as a tribute of the heartfelt thanks and appreciation thereof, which was felt and spoken by every member of the American Pomological Society. RECEPTION BY THE MAYOR AND CITY AUTHORITIES. On the morning of the second day of the session of the American Pomological Society, the officers and members of that Society proceeded in a body to Independence Hall, where they were met by the Mayor of the city, Hon. Daniel M. Fox, to whom they were introduced by Dr. J. S. Hough- ton, in the following speech : Sir, — It is my pleasing duty as a member of the Pennsyl- vania Horticultural Society, to present to the Mayor of Phil- adelphia, the officers and members of the American Pomo- logical Society, now holding a session in this city. I present to you, sir, a body of cultivators of the soil, avIio represent a vast industrial interest, extending over the whole continent, and which counts its annual products in yhints and trees by millions of dollars, I present a body of men whose annual products in the HONORS AND COURTESIES. IGl shape oi fruit carry health and happiness to millions of our people. I present to you an assemblage of men whose labors in the fields of natural science have not only done them honor in America, but whose names are honored and familiar in all parts of Europe. I present to you, sir, the fruit cultivators of the New Eng- land States whose heads are now silvered with age, and with them I present the pioneers of the ever-advancing West, who have just planted their vines and fruit-trees to the outer verge of civilization, even to the ice-bound shores of Alaska. I present to you Wilder and Hovey, of Boston ; Downing and Barry, of New York ; Warder, of Ohio ; Husmann, of Missouri; Berckraans, of Georgia — naines as familiar and honored in the profession of fruit culture as Bartram and Peters and Brinckle and Cope, of Philadelphia. In imagination, here in Independence Hall, I present the genius of iieace and jjlentif, to the genius of American Liberty. I present Bunker Hill to the cradle of the American Union. I present the plains of Carolinian Sumter to the battle-field of Germantown. I present the representatives of Massachu- setts Bay and Providence Plantations, and the pioneers of Kansas and California, to one of the parent States. I present the young American ploughboys of the West to William Penn. And here, in this sacred spot, hallowed by our beloved Washington, who now stands in speaking marble in front of the entrance, I may, with these men and these sur- roundings before me, again, in imagination, ring the old bell of liberty, and hope not only for liberty, but for peace and plenty, and especially for an abundance of generous fruits for all mankind within our borders. Sir, permit me to introduce these men and these sentiments to the worthy representative of the Keystone State of the American Union — to the representative of a city which ad- mits of no superior on the continent in the extent of her industrial interests, in the genial character of her position, in the number of her happy homes, in the intelligence and vir- 21 162 HONOES AND COURTESIES. tue of her people, and in their patriotic devotion to the best interests of the Union. Sir, I introduce the Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, President of the American Pomological Society, and his associates, to Hon. Daniel M. Fox, Mayor of Philadelphia, and I am sure the interests of our pomologists are safe in such hands as these. Mayor Fox replied as follows : — Gentlemen, — I enter upon a very agreeable duty. It falls to my lot, on behalf of the municipal authorities, to say to you that the people of Philadelphia are right happy to have you with them, and I therefore give you, one and all, a cordial welcome. Coming, as you do, not only to exhibit the choice fruits of the earth, but also to consider and deter- mine upon the best modes of improving their culture and gi'owth, your mission is one which must commend itself with the highest gratification to every thoughtful mind. Indeed, the contemplation of the subject should naturally lead to the profoundest gratitude to the great Giver of all good for the bountiful harvests and rich crops with which he has blessed us in every direction. Let me say, gentlemen, that we feel highly pleased that you have selected our city for holding the convention, and as the place of exhibition ; and I bespeak for you the kindest reception on the part of our citizens, and trust that when the time comes for you to leave for your respective homes, you will carry away a lively, lasting, and pleasant memory in connection with your visit. Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, President of the American Pomological Society, then said : — Mr. Mayor, — In behalf of the American Pomological So- ciety, I tender you, and also our good friend Dr. Houghton, for his introduction, our grateful acknowledgments for the E[nd words of welcome and the privileges you have extended to us. We are most happy to meet you in this time-honored hall, consecrated to freedom and the rights of man. Here HONORS AND COURTESIES. 163 Liberty first took root, and we are now reaping the glorious harvest of the seeds sown by those immortal patriots whose countenances are now beaming on us from these walls — a harvest which shall yet be enjoyed by the whole world. We come from different and distant homes. I am from the Pil- grim shores of New England, from that city where stands old Faneuil Hall, the Cradle of Liberty ; and while the song of patriotism and philanthropy shall continue to resound, reverberate within these hallowed walls, the old Cradle will rock to the same music. [Applause.] But I stand here on a broader platform than that of Pennsylvania and Massachu- setts combined, — the platform of our common country, the welfare of which it is the object of our association to promote. We are here, sir, to foster one of the most important branches of national wealth and happiness. When we consider the vast extent of the new fields which are constantly opening up to us, equally well adapted to fruit culture as any that we now possess, it becomes a matter of great importance to ascertain what varieties are suited to the various sections of our constantly expanding territory This is the mission of our Society, and the work is one of great magnitude. No sooner does the hardy pioneer open the way for the emigrant, than the love for orchards and gardens springs up simultaneously. From the Lakes to the Gulf, from both sides of the Pocky Mountains, the cry comes for information in regard to the culture of fruits. The Pennsylvania Society, with great courtesy and kind- ness, have offered their magnificent hall for our accommodation, and we are now in active session. We have not a moment to spare from our labors, and we beg you will allow us, after our examination of this Hall and its relics, to retire to our own labors ; and thus bidding you adieu, v.ith thanks for your courtesy, we hope that we may be honored with your presence in our assembly. [Applause.] GRAND BANQUET PENNSYLVANIA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. On Friday evening, the immense Hall of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, after being cleared of the fruits and flowers Avhich had been on exhibition and witnessed for days by thousands and thousands, was redecorated with wreaths, bouquets, and ornamental plants. Long tables were loaded Avith rich, tempting viands and luscious fruits, and to strains of music the members of the American Pomological Society were invited to join hands and pledge themselves anew in the cause and advance of Horticulture. The room was thronged, as the members of the Pennsyl- vania Horticultural Society, not satisfied with tendering the inanimate beauties of this earth, also brought with them their wives and daughters, and so the scene was made gay and joyous beyond language to express. After many introductions and new-born friendships were made, and the palate of all satiated with the food on the tables, the President of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, Hon. William L. Schaffer, called the assembly to order, and through the aid of the Secretary, Mr. A. W. Harrison, announced the toasts. Complimentary allusions were made to the various sections of our country, and to the associations represented on the occasion. These were replied to in appropriate and fre- quently in eloquent remarks, all acknowledging the extreme courtesy of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society and of GRAND BANQUET. 165 the good people of Philadelphia, and also the pleasures and privileges which were enjoyed on the occasion. Speeches were made by Marshall P. Wilder, Charles M. Hovey, and J. F. C. Hyde, of Massachusetts ; P. Barry, of New York ; J. A. Warder, of Ohio ; Gen. Capron, Com- missioner of Agriculture, District of Columbia ; Frederick Smyth, of New Hampshire ; Thomas Meehan, of Pennsylva- nia ; George T. Anthony, of Kansas ; G. A. Allan, of Vir- ginia ; F. R. Elliott, of Ohio ; Frank Wells, of Pennsylva- nia ; William Saunders, of Washington ; and others. Thus ended one of the most interesting meetings of Amer- ican PomoloR-ists ever held on this continent. OFFICERS AMEEICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hon. MARSHALL P. WILDER, of Massachusetts. Col. R. R. HuMLEY, Alabama John H. Carlton, Warren Foote, Simpson Thompson, Hugh Allen, Charles Pauls, F. Trowbridge, Edward Tatnall, William Saunders, Lucius J. Hardie, P. J. Berckmans, Arthur Bryant, Sen., J. D. G. Nelson, James Smith, Dr. Wm. M. Howsley, J. S. Downer, H. A. SWASEY, S. L. GOODALE, W. D. Breckenridge, C. M. Hovey, Arkansas. Arizona. California. Canada East. Colorado. Connecticut. Delaware District of Columbia. Florida. Georgia. Illinois. Indiana. Iowa. Kansas. Kentucky. Louisiana. INIaine. Maryland. Massachusetts. 1G8 OFFICERS. W. M. BORT, D. A. Robertson, Gen. W. W. Brandon, B. F. Edwards, Nicholas Waugh, E. W. FURXAS, Charles Downing, Frederick Smyth, Wm. Parry, Dr. Ruyther, AVm. L. Steele, Dr. J. A. Warder, Charles Arnold, Simeon Francis, Robert Buist, Dr. A. P. Wylie, M. S. Frierson, W. Talbot, J. E. Johnson, Z. Jacobs, J, C. Plumb, Richard Bradley, G. F. B. Leighton, Michigan. Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri. Montana. Nebraska. New York. New Hampshire. New Jersey. New' Mexico. North Carolina. Ohio. Ontario, Canada. Oreafon. Pennsylvania. South Carolina. Tennessee. Texas. Utah. West Virginia. Wisconsin. Vermont. Vii'ginia. Thomas P. James, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Mttninx}i, F. R. Elliott, Cleveland, Ohio. ig.vcrutivf Cummittce. President and Vice Presidents, cx-ofiicio. M. B. Bateham, Painesville, 0. Geo. Tiiurber, New York. J. E. Mitchell, Philadelphia, Pa. W. C. Flagg, Alton, 111. J. F. C. Hyde, Boston, Mass. OFFICERS. J IV.) General Jvuit P. Barry, Chairman, John Copp, J. F. C. Hyde, J. H. Bourne, T. S. Gold, E. C. Worcester, H. E. Hooker, I. P. Trimble, J. S. Houghton, Edward Tatxall, J. S. Downer, George W. Campbell, J. D. G. Nelson, M. L. DUNLAP, George Husmann, B. B. Hathaway, Franklin Davis, W. E. Wilson, W. L. Steele, William Summer, P. J. Berckmans, William Heaver, M. W. Phillips, Mark Miller, Col. E. R. Humley, H. A. Swasey, J. C. Plumb, L. F. Sanderson, John Saul, Dr. J. A. Robertson, William Watson, J. H. Ingram, S. T. Kelsey, Charles Arnold, Hugh Allen, Rochester, J^,Y. Milton Mills, N.H, Boston, Mass. Providence, R.I. W. Cornwall, Conn. Thetford, Vermont. Rochester, N.Y. Newark, N.J. Philadelphia, Pa. Wilmington, Del. Elkton, Ky. Delaware, Ohio. Fort Wayne, Ind. Champaign, 111. Bluffton, Mo. L. P. Ronde, Mich. Richmond, Va. Wheeling, West Va. Rockingham, N.C. Pomaria, S.C. Augusta, Ga. Nashville, Tenn. Chatawa, Miss, Des Moines, Iowa. Harpersville, Ala. Amite City, La. Milton, Wis. San Jose, Cal. Washington, DC. St. Paul, Minn. Texas. Arkansas. Leavenworth, Kan. Ontario Pro v., C.W. Quebec Pro v., C.E. 170 OFFICERS. d^Jommittw on ^latirc Jntitjs. Dr. J. A. Wakder, Cleves, Ohio. Charles Dowxing, Newburgh, N.Y. Robert Manning, Boston, Mass. Thomas Meehan, Germantown, Pa. George Husmann, Bluffton, Mo. r. K. Phcexix, Bloomington, 111. John M. Allan, Richmond, Va. George Ellwanger, Rochester, N.Y. C. M. HovEY, Boston, Mass. Robert Buist, Philadelphia, Pa. L. D. Morse, St. Louis, Mo. W. C. Flagg, Alton, 111. D. S. Dewey, Hartford, Conn. P. J. Berckmans, Augusta, Ga. (Kummittfc on <^'ynonjjm,si mnX %(JittitA ^rwitiSi. J. S. Cabot, Boston, Mass. J. J. Thomas, Union Springs, N.Y. J. D. G. Nelson, Fort Wayne, Ind. Dr. J. A. Warder, Cincinnati, Ohio. M. L. DuNLAP, Champaign, 111. J. A. J. Creswell, Elkton, Md. (^ommxiitt on |UviiSitj)tt of CHatabfluc. President, Ex-officio. P. Barry, Rochester, N.Y. J. A. Warder, Cincinnati, Ohio. Charles Downing, Newburgh, N.Y. C. M. HovEY, Boston, Mass. J. Knox, Pittsburgh, Pa. •W. C. Flagg, Alton, 111. George Husmann, Bluffton, ]Mo. LIST OF MEMBERS The following List comprises the names of the members of the American Pomological Society : — Edwin Allen, Frank W. Andrew, E. F. Babcock, Charles. E.. Baker, George Bancroft, Patrick Barry, D. W. Beadle, Prosper J Berckmans, Joseph H. Billings, Joseph H. Bourne, Henry A Breed, Gardner Brewer, Jno. R. Brewer, Francis Brill, David D. Buchanan, Isaac Buchanan, S. S. Bucklin, Robert Buist, Raphael Bush, Charles Butler, Geo. W. Campbell, Benj. P. Cheeney, Gardner Chilson, Elizur E. Clark, New Brunswick, Boston, Summerfield, Dorchester, New York, Rochester, St. Catherine, Augusta, West Roxbury, Providence, Lynn, Boston, Boston, Newark, Elizabeth, New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Peverly, New York, Delaware, Boston, Mansfield, New Haven, New Jersey. Massachusetts. Illinois. Massachusetts . New York. New York. Canada West. Georgia. Massachusetts. Rhode Island. ]\Iassachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. New Jersey. New Jersey. New York. Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. Missouri. New York. Ohio. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Connecticut. 172 LIST OF MEMBERS. Asa Clement, R. McCleary Copeland, Geo. S. Conover, N. J. Coleman. Robert Cornelius, A. Cox, Jno. A. J. Cresvrell, A. P. Cummings, Hervey Davis, J. C, Bancroft Davis, Arthur F. Dexter, Geo. M. Dexter, Robert Douglass, J. S. Downer, Charles Downing, Wm. S. Dunham, Nathan Durfee, Edward Earl, Geo. Ellwanger, Henry M. Engle, Jno. K. Eshleman, M.D., John Fisher, W. C. Flagg, C. Gilbert Fowler, Jacob Frantz, Jonathan French, M. S. Frierson, Andrew S. Fuller, E. B. Gardette, M.D., Henry J, Gardner, T. S. Gold, S. S. Graves, AVm. Griffith, T. W. Guy, O. D. Had wen, John S. Haines, Bonj. B. Hance, Dracut, Boston, West Fayette, St. Louis, Philadelphia, Pulaski, Elkton, New York, Cambridge, New Hamburgh, Providence, Boston, Waukegan, Elkton, Newburgh, New York, Fall River, Worcester, Rochester, Marietta, Downingtown, Batavia, Alton, Newburgh, Lemon Place, Roxbury, Columbia, Ridgewood, Philadelphia, Boston, West Cornwall, Geneva, North East, Sulphur Springs, AV^orcester, Germantown, Red Bank, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. New York. Missouri. Pennsylvania. Tennessee. Maryland. New York. Massachusetts. New York. Rhode Island. Massachusetts. Illinois. Kentucky. New York. New York. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. New York. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. New York. Illinois. New York. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. Tennessee. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. Connecticut. New York. Pennsylvania. Missouri. Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. New Jersey. LIST OF MEMBERS. Edward Harries, Thomas M. Harvey, J. W. Helmer, Wm. Herdman, Geo, Hoadley, E. S. Holmes, Warren Holton, C. M. Hovey, John J. Howe, John M. Hunter, Tinsley Jeter, James Jones, J. Knox, R. B. Koen, Hartman Kuhn, William Lawton, A. M. Lawyer, G. F. B. Leighton, Henry Little, T. T. Lyon, James M. Lyons, David Macferron, Robert Manning, F. R. Miller, W. H. Mills, J. E. Mitchell, J. M. McCuUock, Alfred S. Monson, M.D., Silas IMoore, Henry T. Mudd, J. D. G. Nelson, J. G. Orton, M.D., Charles Osborne, William Parry, R. B. Parsons, James M. Paul, Samuel R. Payson, Buffalo, Jennerville, Lockport, Eaton, Cincinnati, Grand Rapids, Hamilton, Boston, Birmingham, Ashley, Bethlehem, Leiperville, Pittsburgh, Memphis, Philadelphia, New Rochelle, Galena, Norfolk, Bangor, Plymouth, Terre Haute, Alleghany City, Salem, Sugar Grove, Hamilton, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, New Haven, Providence, St. Louis, Fort Wayne, Binghampton, N. ' Vassalboro', Cinnaminson, Flushing, L.I., North Adams, Boston, New York. Pennsylvania. New York. Ohio. Ohio Michigan. Canada. Massachusetts. Connecticut. Hlinois. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Tennessee. Pennsylvania. New Yoi"k. Illinois. Vii-ginia. Maine. Michigan. Indiana. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. Canada. Pennsylvania. Ohio. Connecticut. Rhode Island. Missouri. Indiana. New York. Maine. New Jersey. New York. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. 17 LIST OF .MK-^IHEIIS. Edward D. Pearcc, John M. Pearson, Samuel F. Perley, Jonathan Periam, E.. Peters, F, K. Phoenix, William A. Pile, J. Pickering Putnam, • L. D. Richardson, E. A. Riehl, W. Scarborough, Edward C. Selover, B. Smith, William Eliot Smith, AVm. Brown Smith, Bryce Stew^art, Henry L. Stewart, C. W. Spalding, M.D., J. L. Stephens, J. M Stone, Josiah Stickney, Edward P. Taft, Thomas Talbot, Edward Tatnall, Joseph O. Taylor, John T. Temple, J. J. Thomas, William B. Towne, B. C. Townsend, F. Trowbridge, Geo. R. Underbill, Jacob Van Gelder, J. A. Warder, M.D., p. B. Weir, Aaron D. Weld, Leander Wetherell, Jno. B. Whitehead, Providence, Godfrey, Naples, Champaign, Atlanta, Bloomington, St. Louis, Boston, Buckeyetown, Alton, Cincinnati, Auburn, Cuba, Alton, Syracuse, Clai'ksville, Middle Haddam, St. Louis, Boonville, Calhoun Station, Watertown, Providence, Billerica, Wilmington, Newport, Davenport, Union Springs, Boston, New York, Milford, Locust Valley, Saugerties, Cincinnati, Lacon, Boston, Boston, Norfolk, Rhode Island. Illinois. Maine. Illinois. Georgia. Illinois. Missouri. Massachusetts. Maryland. Illinois. Ohio. NeAv York. Missouri. Illinois. New York. Tennessee. Connecticut. Missouri. INIissouri. Mississippi. IMassiichusetts. Rhode Island. Massachusetts. Delaware. Kentucky. Iowa. New York. INIassachusetts. New York. Connecticut. New York. New York. Ohio. Illinois. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Virginia. lis;t f>F .M E:\rBEH.S. 175 Chas. O. Whitmore, John Wieland, Marshall P. Wilder, Marshall P. Wilder, Jr., Edward B. Wilder, W. C. Wilson, O. F. Winchester, Jno. David Wolfe, A. Work, J. M. W. Yerrington, J. I. Younglove, Boston, Farmers ville, Dorchester, Dorchester, Dorchester, Baltimore, New Haven, New York, New York, Boston, Bowling Green, jNIassachusetts. Ohio. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Maryland. Connecticut. New York. New York. Massachusetts. Kentucky. John W. Adams, George Achelis, John M. Allan, George T. Anthony, Charles Arnold, Nathaniel A. Bacon, B. K, Bliss, W^ S. Bissell, WilHam Brocksbank, J. H. Board man, Chas. D. Bragdon, 11 Buchanan, John W. Blackford, J. Bonar, W. D. Breckenridge, S. L. Brinton, Arthur Bryant, Sen,, Alvah Bucknell, E. W. Buswell, John Chambers, Isaac C. Chapman, John Charlton, J. Henry Clark, Springfield, West Chester, Richmond, Leavenworth, Paris (Ontario), New Haven, New York, Pittsburg, Hudson, Rochester, New York, Cincinnati, Hillsboro', Mt. Vernon, Gowerstown, Christiana, Princeton, lona Island, Boston, Mount Holly, Newburgh, Rochester, Syracuse, Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Kansas. Canada. Connecticut. New York. Pennsylvania. New York. New York. New York. Ohio. Iowa. Ohio. Maryland. Pennsylvania. Illinois. New York. Massachusetts. New Jersey. New York. New York. New York. 176 LIST OF :\IE3IBEUS. Daniel W. Coit, J. S. Cook, M. S. Cook, W. W. Cook, Calvin Cooper, John E,. Cornell, Edward Curran, Mark P. Dare, Franklin Davis, D. S. Dewey, C. S. De Witt, C. W. Dickerman, Henry A. Dreer, Charles Dubois, M. L. Dunlap, George W. Earl, J. M. Earle, John Edgerton, B. F. Edwards, M.D., G. Emerson, M.D., Hiram Engle, Ferris & Haywood, R. W. Furnas, Geo. Gamgee, Jacob B. Garber, George H. Gill, Chalkley Gillingham, Warrington Gillingham, J. P. Giles, U.S.N., Alfred Gray, Joseph B. Gray, W. O. H. Gwynncth, William Hacker, E.i)bcrt B. Haines, Dr. G. Haskill, Charles P. Hayes, Manlove Hayes, Norwich, Cincinnati, Avondale, Worcester, Enterprise, Newburgh. Utica, Greenwich, Richmond, Hartford, Geneva, Springfield, Philadelphia, FishkiU, Champaign, Philadelphia, Worcester, Coal Creek, Kirkwood, Philadelphia, Marietta. Poughkeepsie, Brownville, Greenwood, Columbia, St. Louis, Acotink, Acotink, Wilmington, Quindaro, West Chester, Vineland, Philadelphia, Cheltenham, Aucorn, Philadelphia, Dover, Connecticut. Ohio. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. New York. New York. New Jersey. Virginia. Connecticut. New York. Massachusetts. Pennsylvania New York. Illinois. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. Iowa. Missouri. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. New York. Nebraska. New York. Pennsylvania. Missouri. Virginia. Virginia. Delaware. Kansas. Pennsylvania. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Delaware. LIST OF ME-MBEKS. 177 S. B. Heiges, W. F. Heiks, Littie Heiks, Dr. E, J. Henkle, D. W. Herstine, Isaac Hicks, W. L. Hill, J. C. Holmes, Abner Hoopes, Josiah Hoopes, C. L. Hoag, H. E. Hooker, Rufus W. Holton, J. S. Houghton, M.D., Stephen Hoyt, John Huber, Dr. F. M. Hexamer, Dr. W. M. Howsley, J. F. C. Hyde, Jonathan Inghram, Thomas P. James, T. B. Jenkins, P. A. Jewell, Robert Johnston, D. W. Kaufman, S. T. Kelsey, Thos. S. Kennedy, Joseph H. Kent, Saml. C. Kent, David Leonard, G. W. Leonard, C. B. Lines, W. S. Little, C. AVesley Lyon, Matthew Mackie, James S. McCalla, H. S. Mansfield, York, Dayton, Dayton, Brooklyn, W. Philadelphia, Old Westburgh, Richmond, Detroit, West Chester, West Chester, Lockport, Rochester, Haverstraw, Philadelphia, New Canaan, Litiz, New Castle, Leavenworth, Boston, Salem, Cambridge, Chambersburg, Palmyra, Des Moines, Ottawa, Louisville, Russell ville, Richmond, Burlington, Newburgh, Topeka, Rochester, W. Bloomfield, Clyde, Philadelphia, Millville, Pennsylvania. Ohio. Ohio. Maryland. Pennsylvania. New York. Virginia. Michigan. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. New York. New York. New York. Pennsylvania. Connecticut. Pennsylvania. New York. Kansas. Massachusetts. New Jersey. Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. Wisconsin, New York. Iowa. Kansas. Kentucky. Pennsylvania. Virginia. Iowa. New York. Kansas. New York. New York. New York. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. 178 LIST OF MEMBERS. C. B. Manchester, J. L. Mcintosh, J. W. Mannmg, T. C. Maxwell, B. G. Merriam, Mark Miller, Elisha Moody, Mali ion Moon, Dr. J. W. Morris, Orlando D. Murray, John Musser, Cheevcr Ncwhall, Samuel W. Noble, Jno. H. Nicholson, Chas. G. Ogden, Robert Otto, Ambrose F. Page, Jacob Painter, Stephen D. Pardee, S. B. I'arsons, Thomas Penrose, Francis Pentland, Randolph Peters, David Petit, Lukens Pierce, ]\loses Pierce, J. Barron Potter, M.D., S. H. Purple, J. C. Rennison, Daniel Rice, J. 11. Ricketts, Dr. E. C. Robinson, H. R. Robcy, •Henry S. Ropp, James A. Root, E. Satterthwait, John Saul, Providence, Cleveland, Reading, Geneva, Keokuk, Des Moines, Lockport, Morrisville, Leavenworth, Nashua, Marietta, Dorchester, Jenkintown, Bridgeport, Oakdale, West Chester, Bellerica, Lima, New Haven, Flushing, Maiden Creek, Lochland, Wilmington, Salem, Ercildown, Norwich, ]kidgeton, Columbia, Bloomington, Springfield, Newburgh, Norfolk, Fr c d or i ck sb u rg , Shircmanstown, Skeaneatcles, Jenkintown, Washington, Rhode Island. Ohio. Massachusetts. New York. Iowa. Iowa. New York. Pennsylvania. Kansas. N. Hampshire. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. Indiana. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. Connecticut. New York. Pennsylvania. Ohio. Delaware. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Connecticut. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Illinois. Vermont. New York. Virginia. Virginia. Pennsylvania. New York. Pennsylvania. Dist. Columbia. LIST OF MEMBERS. 179 William Saunders, W. L. SchafFer, David A. Scott, R. Robinson Scott, T. B. Shelton, Daniel Smith, James S. Stickney, W. C. Strong, E. Ware Sylvester, M.D., J. F. Terrill, Thos. C. Thurlow, Prof. Geo. Thurber, D. H. Tichnor, W. K. Tipton, Isaac P. Trimble, M.D., J. S. To AVer, Pv. T. Underbill, M.D., Stephen W. Underbill, E. A. Vickroy, William Watson, James Weir, John J. Worth, Joseph P. Whiting, L. L Whitlock, J. F. Whittle, M.D., H. D. Wiilard, E. Williams, N. L. Wood, Dr. A. P. Wylie, Godfrey Zimmerman, John Zimmerman, Washington, Philadelphia, Newburgh, Germantown, Newburgh, Newburgh, Wauwatosa, Brighton, Lyons, Auburn, Newburyport, New York, Newark, Jerusalem, Newark, Richmond, Croton Point, Croton Point, Johnstown, Brenham, Bay Ridge, Richmond, Detroit, New York, Nashua, Geneva, Mt. Clair, Smithfield, Chester, Bufhilo, Lancaster, Dist. Columbia. Pennsylvania. New York. Pennsylvania. New York. New York. Wisconsin. Massachusetts. New York. New York. Massachusetts. New York. New Jersey. Ohio. New Jersey. Virginia. New York. New York. Pennsylvania. lexas. New York. Virginia. INlichigan. New York. N. Hampshire. New York. New Jersey. Ohio. South Carolina. New York. Pennsylvania. ^!»^ -|», ■ ^'-'.- ;t*^.:4.'»^' A^■■ n:^ M A*l'