UMASS/AMHERST ->'*. 31EDbfeODS141S71 -*/ • ft** -v K ■'/' tr4 > <*v **■■ n t ■ */ »:»- > M 15 *** < % '.# :•«**• TV ■:. :• -IT '1* r- %* *£* **»-**». 1 LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE no.-.4_5"__1A„__ DATE_«3rJ8siQ__. ■ounMMaTshalLB.-V5tildLfi.T_. (_ 34 . 2 0 (_. pel 1215 tf'T9* 1863' DATE DUE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY SB 354 A47 v. 14 1875 AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. PEOOEEDINGS OF I 1 1 I FOURTEENTH SESSION A N J > QUARTER CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE 4&L Lull *JL^ll 1ST }I ELD I N BOSTON, MA.SS-, u- of of at or d IS it t f 1 SEPTEMBER 10, 11 & 12, 1873. EDITED BY HENRY T. WILLIAMS, SECRETARY PRO TEM. PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY. 1873. «es»v LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST, MASS. AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. FOUETEENTH SESSION AND QUARTER CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. Whereas the American Pomologieal Society, at its last session, accepted the invitation of the Massachu- setts Horticultural Society, to hold its Quarter Centennial Celebration, and Biennial Session, in the City of Boston, in 1873; Therefore, in conformity with said acceptance, the undersigned give notice, that the Fourteenth Session of this National Association will he held in the Hall of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Trernont Street, in Boston, commencing Wednesday, September 10th, 1873, at 10 o'clock, A. M., and continue for three days. All Horticultural, Pomologieal, Agricultural, and other kindred associations, in the United States and British Provinces, are invited to send delegations, as large as they may deem expedient, and all persons interested in the cultivation of fruits, are invited to be present and take seats in the Convention. The coming session will be especially interesting, commemorating, as it will, the termination of the first quarter of a century of the existence of the Society, and, it is believed, will be one of the most important and useful that the Society has ever held. On this occasion there will be brought together the best cultiva- tors and fruits of our widely extended country, when may be examined and compared the fruits, not only of the cooler climes of the North, but of the South, the West, and the Pacific Slope. It is, therefore, very desirable that every State, Territory, and Province of America should be fully and ably represented in this convention, thereby promoting the advancement of one of the great resources of our national wealth, — the extension and perpetuation of the amicable and social relations which have heretofore existed among the members of the Society, — and the diffusion throughout the land of our deliberations, for the benefit of our constantly expanding territory. It is, therefore, hoped that there will be a full attendance of Delegates from all quarters of our country, thereby stimulating more extensive cultivation, by the concentrated information and experience of cultiva- tors, and aiding the Society in perfecting its Catalogue of Fruits. This will be one of the prominent subjects which will come before the Society, and we therefore resjieetfully urge the various State and Local Com- mittees, which have not already responded to the Circulars of P. Barry (Chairman of the General Fruit Committee, Rochester, N. Y.), to do so; with such information and lists of fruits as may aid in determining what varieties are best adapted to their several localities. At this session the Society will ajjpoint the place for its next meeting, and also decide what action it will take on the invitation to participate in the International Exhibition at the Centennial Celebration of 1876, in Philadelphia, and it is respectfully requested that members come prepared to express their opinions in regard to this subject. Arrangements will be made with hotels, and as far as possible with the various railroad companies, ter- minating in Boston, for a reduction of fare, and of which notice will be given in a future Circular. Similar arrangements can undoubtedly be made by the various delegations, with roads in their localities. Members and Delegates are requested to contribute specimens of the Fruits of their respective districts and to communicate in regard to them whatever may aid in promoting the objects of the Society and the science of American Pomology. Each contributor is requested to prepare a complete list of his collection, 6 FOURTEENTH SESSION AND QUARTER CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. and to present the same with his fruits, that a report of all the varieties entered may be submitted to the meeting as early as practicahle. The Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture have kindly appropriated live hundred dollars, and liberal sums have been promised by other generous patrons. See premium list. An increased interest will be given to the occasion by the Grand Exhibition of Plants and Flowers by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, which will occur at the same time. Packages of Fruit.-, with the name of the contributor, may be addressed as follows: "American PoMOLOGICAL Society," rare of E. W. BtTSWELL, Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston. All person- desirous of becoming members can remit the fee to Thomas P. James, Esq., Treasurer. Cambridge, Mass. Life Membership, Twenty Dollars ; Biennial, Four Dollars. MAI! SHALL P. WILDEK, President, F. R. ELLIOTT, Secretary, Boston, Mass. Cleveland. Ohio. Newspapers and Periodicals that take an interest in Pomology, are respectfully requested to publish the above. PEEMIUM LIST. Five Hundred Dollars has 1 n offered by the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture, and One Hundred Dollars, each, is tendered by the following gentlemen, for Premiums, and the pro- motion of the objects of the Society, viz : — Hon. Albert Fearing, President of the Hingham Agricultural Society. John Cummings, Esq., President of the Middlesex Agricultural Society. Dr. Nathan Durfee, Ex-President Bristol Central Agricultural Society. William Kxowltox, Esq., Ex-President Worcester South-East Agricultural Society. Charles 0. Whitmoke, Esq., of Boston. Gardner Brewer, Esq., of Boston. The following Prizes will therefore be offered, in accordance with the above generous donations : Apples. — For the largest and best collection of Apples, correctly named, from any State or Society, three .1 each variety, 1st Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. 2d " " " Bronze Medal and Twenty-Five Dollars. For the largest and best collection of Apples, correctly named, grown by one individual, three speci- mens of each variety, 1st Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. 2d '•' " " Bronze Medal and Twenty-Eive Dollars. Pears. — For the largest and best collection of Pears, correctly named, from any State or Society, three ..1 each variety, 1st Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. 2d " " " Bronze Medal and Twenty-Five Dollars. For the largest and best collection of Pears, correctly named, grown by one individual, three of each variety, 1st Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. 2d " " " Bronze Medal and Twenty-Five Dollars. Grapes. — For the largest and best collection of named Native Grapes, from any State or Society, three bunches of each variety, 1st Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. 2d " " " Bronze Medal and Twenty-Five Dollars. For the largest and best collection of named Native Grapes, grown by one individual, three bunches of each variety, 1st Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. 2d " '• " Bronze Medal and Twenty-Five Dollars. For the largest and best collection of named Grapes, grown west of the Rocky Mountains, two bunches of eacli variety, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. For the largest and best collection of Native Grapes, correctly named, grown south of the Southern line of Virginia, Tennessee, Missouri, &c, two bunches of each variety, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. For the largest and best collection of Grapes grown under glass, two bunches of each variety, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. 8 PREMIUM LIST. Peaches. — For the largest and best collection of Peaches, correctly named, from any State or Society, three of each variety, 1st Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. 2d " " " Bronze Medal and Twenty-Five Dollars. For the largest and best collection of Peaches, correctly named, grown by one individual, three of each variety, 1st Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. 2d " " " Bronze Medal and Twenty-Five Dollars. Plums. — For the largest and best collection of plums, correctly named, from any State or Society, three of each variety, 1st Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. 2d " " " Bronze Medal and Twenty-Five Dollars. For the largest and best collection of Plums, correctly named, grown by one individual, three specimens of each variety, 1st Premium, The Society's Silver Medal and Fifty Dollars. 2d " " " Bronze Medal and Twenty-Five Dollars. Seedling Fruits. — For the best collection of seedling Apples, grown by one individual, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. For the best collection of seedling Pears, grown by one individual, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. For the best collection of seedling hardy Native Grapes, either from native seeds or hybrids, grown by one individual, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. For the best collection of seedling Plums, grown by one individual, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. For the best collection of seedling Peaches, grown by one individual, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. Figs. — For the best collection of fresh Figs grown in open air, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. For the best exhibition of Dried Figs, grown and cured in the United States, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. Oranges. — For the best collection of Oranges grown in open air, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. Lemons. — For the best collection of Lemons grown in open air, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. Raisins. — For the best exhibition of, grown and cured in the United States, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. Dried Fruits. — For the largest and best collection of, with full description and expense of process, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. Canned Fruits. — For the largest and best collection of, giving full description of process and expenses, Premium, The Society's Silver Medal. Premiums are subject to the general rule of restriction, that where objects are not worthy, prizes will be withheld. No State, Society, or individual can compete for more than one premium with the same variety or varieties of fruits. OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. President. Hon. MARSHALL PINCKNEY WILDER, . Massachusetts. Alabama . Arkansas . Arizona California . Canada Colorado . . Connecticut Dakota . . Delaware . Dist. Columbia Florida . Georgia . Idaho . Illinois . Indiana . Indian Territory, Iowa . . . Kansas . . Kentucky . Louisiana . Maine . . Maryland . Massachusetts Michigan . Minnesota . Mississippi C. C. Langdon . . S. J. Matthews . . A. P. R. Spafford . L. A. Gould . . . ClIAS. GlISB . . . N. C. Meeker. . . D. S. Dewey . . . John A. Burbank H. T. Williams . . William Saunders Lucius J. Hardee . William Schley . M. Sterling . . . Arthur Bryant, Sr. E. Y. Teas .... .James Mathews . . E. Gale J. S. YoUNGLOVE . . II. A. SwASEY. . . 7,. A. Gilbert . . W. D. Breckenridge C. M. Hovey . . . T. T. Lyon .... J. S. Harris . . . D. Redmond . . . THOMAS P. JAMES, W. C. FLAGG, Vice-Presidents. Mobile. Monticello. Tucson. Santa Clara. Montreal. Greeley. Hartford. Yankton. Dover. Washington. Jacksonville. Savannah. Oro Dell. Princeton. Richmond. Knoxville. Manhattan. Bowling Green. Tangipahoa. East Turner. Gowerstown. Cambridge. Plymouth. La Crescent. Pass Christian. Missouri Montana . Nebraska Nevada. . New Brunswick New York New Hampshir New Jersey New Mexico North Carolina Nova Scotia Ohio . . . Ontario . . Oregon . . Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee . Texas . . Utah . . Washington West Virginia Wisconsin , Wyoming Vermont Virginia Treasurer. George Husmann . Sedalia. R. W. Furnas . . Lincoln. L. R. Br idley . . Carson City. 1 ! E WlLHOT . . Fredrickton. Charles Downing . Newburgh. William B. Towne Milford. William Parry . . Cinnaminson. Walter L. Steele . Rockingham. C. C Hamilton . . . Cornwallis. George W. Campbell . Delaware. Robert Burnet . . Hamilton. Philip Ritz . . . . Walla Walla. Robert Buist, Sr. . Philadelphia. Silas Moore . . . Providence. A. P. Wylie . . . . Chester. Wit. Heaver . . . Nashville. Wm. Watson . . . Brenhatrj. J. E. Johnson . . . St. George. Washington Blum . . Seabeck. D. 0. Munson . . . Falls Church. J. C. Plumb . . . Milton. Judge Carter . . Carter's Station B. Bryant .... Derby Centre. G. F. B. Leighton . Norfolk. Secretary. Executive Committee. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Moro, Illinois. President and Vice-Presidents, ex officio. J. E. Mitchell .... ... Pennsylvania. Geo. Thurber New York. 2 J. F. C. Hyde Massachusetts. R. W. Furnas Nebraska. P. J. Berckmans Georgia. 10 LIST OF OFFICEKS. General Fruit Committee. Chairman — P. Barry, Rochester, Alabama . . . HA. Swasey . . Arkansas . . . Chas. A. Strawn Arizona . . . Warren Foote . California . . . John Strentzel Colorado . . . H. B. Bearce . . Connecticut . . T. S. Gold . . . Dakota .... J. A. Burbank Delaware . . . Dist. Columbia Florida . . . . Georgia . . . Idaho . . . . Illinois . . . . Indiana . . . Indian Territory, Iowa . . . . Kansas . . . . Kentucky . . . Louisiana . . . Maine . . . . Maryland . . . Massachusetts . . Michigan . . . Minnesota . . . Mississippi . . Edward Tatnal John Saul . . . M. S. LlTTLEFIELD P. J. Berckmans . T. W. Bennett . O. B. Galusiia Allen Fdrnas . Mark Miller Wm. M. Howsley Z. R. Huggins D. Redmond . . Henry McLaughlin W. D. Breckenridge Robert Manning . A. T. LlNDERMAN Wtman Elliot . . W. Cunningham . . N. Y. Mobile. Rocky Comfort. St. Thomas. Martinez. Denver. Wist Cornwall. Yankton. Wilmington. Washington Jacksonville. Augusta. Boise City. Morris. Danville. Des Moines. Leavenworth. Glasgow. Pass Christian. Bangor. Gowerstown. Salem. Grand Rapids. Minneapolis. Summit. Missouri . . . Montana Nebraska . Nevada .... Neiv Brunswick . New York . . . New Hampshire . New Jersey . . New Mexico , . North Carolina . Nova Scotia . . Ohio Ontario .... Oregon .... Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . . South Carolina . Tennessee . . . Texas .... Utah .... Vermont . . . Virginia . . . Washington . . West Virginia Wisconsin . . Wyoming . . . Wm. Muir .... Rt. Rev. 1). S. Tuttle J. II. Masters. John Larcombe Ciias. E. Brows . . Geo. H. Ellwancer John Copp . . . A. S. Fuller . . M. Giddings . . Edward Kidder D. Henry Starr J. A. Warder . . D. W. Beadle . Andrew J. Dufur Josi III IIOOPKS • J. P. CHtLDS . . D. H. Jacques B. F. Transou . A. S. Lipscomb . J. E. Johnson . . Bartlett Bryant Franklin Davis Albert Eggers . W. S. Miller . . O. S. YVilley . . J. A. Campbell . Fox Creek. Nebraska City. Reno. Yarmouth, N. S Rochester. Milton Mills. Ridgewood. Santa Fe. Wilmington. Halifax. Cincinnati. St. Catherines. Portland. West Chester. Woonsocket. Charleston. Humboldt. Montgomery. St. George- Derby Center. Richmond. Olympia. Gerrardstown. Madison. Cheyenne. Committee on Native Fruits. P. J. Berckmans Georgia. Charles Downing New York Robert Manning Massachusetts. Thomas Meehan Pennsylvania. Committee on George Ellwanger Rochester, N. Y. C. M. Hovey Boston, Mass. Parker Earle South Pass, 111. John A. Warder Cincinnati, 0. H. A. Swasey' Louisiana. P. T. Quins New Jersey. J. Stayman Kansas. Foreign Fruits. John M. Allan Virginia. J. E. Mitchell Philadelphia, Pa. C. C. Hamilton Nova Scotia. Committee on Synonyms and Rejected Fruits. John J. Thomas Union Springs, N. Y. John A. Warder Cincinnati, 0. Tyler McWiiorter Alton, Illinois. Robert Manning Sale7n, Mass. Wm. Saunders Washington, D. C. W. C. Barry Rochester, N. Y. W. M. Howsley Leavenworth, Kan. Committee on Revision of Catalogue. President, ex officio. P. Barry Rochester, N. Y. F. R. Elliott Cleveland, 0. CnAS. Downing Newburgh, N. Y. W. C. Flagg Moro, III. Robert Manning Salem, M^ass. P. J. Berckmans Augusta, Ga. H. A. Swasey Mobile, Ala. LIST OF MEMBERS. The following List comprises the names of the Members of the American Pomological Society : Life. xs Edwin Allen . . Frank W. Andrew E. F. Babcock . . Chas. R. Baker . William E. Baker George Bancroft Patrick Barry . D. W. Beadle . . W. J. Beal . . . Prosper J. Berckma Kader Biggs . . Joseph II. Billings Wm. S. Bissell B. K. Bliss . . . Jos. II. Bourn . . E. F. Bowditcii Henry A. Breed . Gardner Brewer John R. Brewer . Alfred Bridgeman Francis Brill David D. Buchanan Isaac Buchanan . s. s. bucklin . . Robert Buist . . Raphael Bush . . E. W. Buswell Charles Butler . James Calder, D. D John S. Calkins . Geo. W. Campbell Otis Carey' . . Charles Carpenter Benj. P. Cheesy . Gardner Ciiilson Frederick Clapp F. Augustus Clapp Lemuel Clapp . . Wm. Channing Clapp Edmund S Clark Edson II. Clark . Elizur E. Clark . James W. Clark . Asa Clement . . Geo. S. Conover , New Brunswick Boston . . Memphis . Dorchester We'.lesley . New York . Rochester . St. Catharines Lansing Augusta . Norfolk . . W. Roxbury Pittsburg . New York Providence Boston . . Lynn . . Boston . . Boston . . New York . Newark Elizabeth . New York . Boston . . Philadelphia Bushberg . Boston . . New York . Agrie'l Colleg Brickburg Delaware Foxboro Kelly's Island Boston . . Mansfield . Boston . . Boston . . Boston . . Boston . . Fraraingham Newburgh . New Haven Framingham Dracut . . Geneva . . New Jersey. Massachusetts. . Tennessee. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. . . New York. . . New York. Canada West. . Michigan. . Georgia. . . Virginia. Massachusetts. . Pennsylvania. . New York. Rhode Island. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. . New York. New Jersey. New Jersey. . New York. Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. Missouri. Massachusetts. . New York. Pennsylvania. New Jersey. . . . Ohio. Massachusetts. . . . . Ohio. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. . New York. Connecticut. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. . New York. N. J. Coleman .... R. McCleary Copeland Robert Cornelius A. Cox Jno. A. J. Creswell James Cruicksiiank A. P. Cummings Franklin Davis . Hervey- Davis . . J. C. Bancroft Dav: Arthur F. Dexter Alexander Dickinson Robert Douglass Charles Downing W. S. Dunham . . Nathan Durfee . George B. Durfee Edward Earle Parker Earle . . Geo. Ellwanger . Charles Ely- . . Henry M. Engle . Hiram Engle . . John K. Eshleman, M Arthur W. Felton John Fisher . . W. C. Flagg . . T. S. Force . . . C. Gilbert Fowler Jacob Frantz . . Jonathan French Isaac H. Frothingh Andrew S. Fuller R. W. Furnas . . E. B. Gardette, M. D Henry" J. Gardner Charles Gibb . . J. E. M. Gilley T. S. Gold . . . S. S. Graves . . William Griffith T. W. Guy . . . William Hacker O. D. Hadwen . . John S. Haines St. Louis .... Missouri. Boston . . . Massachusetts. Philadelphia . . Pennsylvania. I). Pulaski . . . Elkton . . . Chelsea . . New York Richmond . . Cambridge New Hamburgh Providence Cambridgeport Waukegan Newburgh . . New York. . Fall River . . Fall River . . Worcester . . South Pass . Rochester . . West Springfield Marietta . . Marietta . Downingtown West Newton Batavia . . Moro . . . Newburgh Newburgh Lemon Place , Boston . . . Boston . . . Ridge wood . Tennessee. . Maryland. Massachusetts. . New York. Virginia. Massachusetts. . New York. Rhode Island. Massachusetts. . . Illinois. . New York. . New York. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. . . Illinois. . New York. Missouri. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. . New York. . . Illinois. . New York. . New York. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. New Jersey. Lincoln Nebraska. Philadelphia . . Pennsylvania. Boston . . . Montreal . . Boston . . . West Cornwall Massachusetts. . . Canada. Massachusetts. Connecticut. Geneva New York. North East . . Pennsylvania. Sulphur Springs . Missouri. Philadelphia . . Pennsylvania. Worcester . . Massachusetts. Gerniantown . . Pennsylvania. 12 LIST OF MEMBERS. Benj. B. Hance Edward Harries Thomas M. Harvey Geo. Haskell . . .1. W. Helmer Wm. Herdman Dr. F. M. Hexamer Geo. Hoadley . C. L. Hoao . . Thomas Hogg . E. S. Holmes . Warren Holton C. M. Hovey . John C. Hovey John J. Howe . H. H. Hunnewell John M. Hunter J. F. 0. Hyde . Tinsley Jeter James Jones Joseph H. Kent Samuel C. Kent John A. King . John H. King . R. B. Koen . . Hartman Ktjhn C. C. Langdon . William Lawton A. M. Lawyer . G. F. B. Leigiitox Henry Little . T. T. Lyon . . James M. Lyons David Macferron William R. Mann Robert Manning . James H. Masters F. R. Miller . . W.H.Mills. . • J. E. Mitchell . . J. M. McCullock . Henry McLaughlin Silas Moore . . Henry T. Mudd . D. 0. Munson . . David S. Myer . J. D. G. Nelson . J. S. Newman . . Samuel W. Noble J. G. Orion, M. D. Charles Osborne Joel Parker . . William Parry . R. B. Parsons . . James M. Paul Samuel R. Pays* >s Edward D. Pearce John M. Pearson Samuel F. Perley Jonathan Periam R. Peters . . . F. K. Pihenix . . Henry- L. Pierce . Red Bank . Buffalo . . West Grove Ipswich Lockport . Eaton . . New Castle Cincinnati . Lockport . New York . Grand Rapid Hamilton . Cambridge Cambridge Birmingham Wellesley . Ashley . Newton Bethlehem Leiperville Russellville Richmond . Great Neck, 1 Washington Memphis . Philadelphia Mobile • . New Rochelle Galena . . Norfolk . . Boston . . Plymouth . Terre Haute Alleghany Ci Sharon , Salem Nebraska City Sugar Grove Hamilton . Philadelphia Cincinnati . Bangor . . Providence St. Louis . Fall's Churcl: Bridgeville Fort Wayne Sparta . . Jenkintown Bingliamton X. Yussalboro Cambridge Cinnaminson Flushing, L. North Adam Boston . . Providence Godfrey . Naples . . Champaign Atlanta. . Bloomington Boston . . New Jersey. . New York. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. New York. . . Ohio. New York. . . Ohio. New York. New York. Michigan. . Canada. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. . Connecticut. Massachusetts. . . . Illinois. Massachusetts. . Pennsylvania. . Pennsylvania. . Pennsylvania. . . Virginia. j. I. . New York. District Columbia. . . Tennessee. . Pennsyh ania. . Alabama. . . New York. . . Illinois. . . Virginia. Massachusetts. . Michigan. . . Indiana. Pennsylvania. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. . Nebraska. . Pennsylvania. . . Canada. Pennsylvania. . . . Ohio. . . Maine. Rhode Island. Missouri. Virginia. . Delaware. . . Indiana. . . Georgia. Pennsylvania. . New York. . . Maine. Massachusetts. New Jersey. . New York. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Rhode Island. . . Illinois. . . Maine. . . Illinois. . . Georgia. . . Illinois. Massachusetts. >> William A. Pile . . J. Pickering Putnam P. T. Quinn . . . I. D. Richardson . E. A. RiEnL . . . II. S. Russell . . Stephen Salisbury William Saunders , VY. Scarborough . David A. Scott . Edward C. Selover C. C. Shaw . . . B. Smith .... Benj. G. Smith W. Smith .... Wm. Brown Smith Wm. Eliot Smith Wing R. S.mitii Robert W. Starr Bryce Stewart . Henry' L. Stewart C. W. Spalding, M. D. J. L. Stephens . Josiah Stickney W. C. Strong . J. M. Stone . . Howard Swinlford Edward P. Taft . . Thomas Talbot . Edward Tatnall John N. Taylor . Dr. Thomas Taylor Joseph 0. Taylor John T. Temple . J. J. Thomas . . . Geo. Thurber . . William B. Towne B. C. Townsend . F. Trowbridge Geo. R. Underiiii.l Jacob Van Gelder J. A. Warder, M. D. W. II. Wardell . William Watson D. B. Weir . . . Aaron 1). Weld . Jesse M. Wellborn . Leander Wetiierell Joseph V. Wiielan John B. Whitehead Ciias. 0. Whitmore John Wieland . . Edward B. AVilder . Marshall P. Wilder Marshall P. Wilder, Jr. W. C. Wilson . . 0. E. Winchester John D. Wolfe . A. Work .... Dr. A. P. Wylie . W. H. Yeomans . J. M. W. Yehrington James Younglove . Dii St. Louis Boston . Newark Clarksville Alton . Milton . Worcester Washington Cincinnati Newburgh Auburn Milford . Cuba Cambridge Geneva . Syracuse Alton . Syracuse Cornwallis Clarksville Middle Hadd St. Louis . Booneville Watertown Brighton . Calhoun Station Richmond . Providence Billerica Wilmington Brooklyn . Washington Newport . Davenport Union Springs New York Boston . New York Milford . Locust Valley Saugerties Cincinnati Boston . . Brenham . Laeon . . Boston . . Conyers Boston . .' Montgomery Norfolk . . Boston . . Farmersville Dorchester Dorchester Dorchester Baltimore . New Haven New York New York Chester Columbia Boston . Bowlins Green . . Missouri. Massachusetts. . New Jersey. . . Nebraska. . . Illinois. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. triet Columbia. . . Ohio New York. New York ew Hampshire. Missouri. Massachusetts. . New York . New York. . . Illinois. . New York. Nova Scotia. . Tennessee. Connecticut. Missouri. -Missouri. Massachusetts Massachusetts . Mississippi. Virginia. Rhode Island. Massachusetts. . Delaware. . New York. District Columbia. . . Kentucky. . . . . Iowa. . . New York. . . New York. Massachusetts. . . New York. Connecticut. . . New York. . . New York. .... Ohio. Massachusetts. . . . Texas. . . . Illinois. Massachusetts. . . . Georgia. Massachusetts. . . New York. . . Virginia. Massachusetts. . . . Ohio. .Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. . . Maryland. . Connecticut. . . New York. . . New York. South Carolina. . Connecticut. Massachusetts. . . Kentucky. LIST OF MEMBERS. 13 Bienn La] William Adair Isaac Andekson 1'. M. Augur Wn, C. I5ai:iiy . M. B. Batch am . James II. Bell . G. B. Brack lit Will. 1). BrECKENRIDGE William Brocksbank (.'maples E. Brown . Arthur Bryant, Sr . 11- Bryant .... Rev. Koiseet Burnet IsiDOR BUSH . . . Wm. S. Carpenter . Isaac C. Chapman . Setii P. CiiAriN . . C. W. Churchill . . G. W D. Churchill Eli phalet Clark Daniel W. Co it . . John S. Collins . . S. II. Colton . . . William W. Conover, W. W. Cook . . . Henry Cornell . . Wm. D. Cowles . . William H, Cox . . Franklin Dare . . Daniel S. Dewey . Charles S. Dickerman James Dougal . . . John S. Eastmoxd . J. W. Eldeii .... YYyman Elliot . . H. B. El.LAVANGER . . II. II. Farley . . . E. T. Field .... Henry' Field . . . G. T. Fish .... Charles L. Flint . Arthur C. Ford . . Ashael Foote . . . Henry F. French E. Gale J. R. Gaston . . . Z. A. Gilbert, . . . Chalkley Gillingiiam Dr. C. C. Hamilton . Samuel Hape . . . J. S. Harris . . . A. W. Harrison . . Wm, Heaver . . . J. A. Hendrickson . M B. HlLLYARD . . J. C. Holmes . . . Albert S. Holland . H. E. Hooker . Jr ter Detroit . . New Haven Middlefield Rochester . Painesvillc Woburn . Denmark . Gowerstown Hudson Yarmouth . Princeton . Derby Centre Hamilton Busliburg Rye W. dies Newburgh Navysink . Geneva Geneva Portland Norwich . Morestown AVorcester Red Bank . Worcester Newburgh . New York Anchorage Bridgeton . Hartford . New Haven Windsor . Port Monmoutl Derby Centre Minneapolis Rochester . Union Springs Red Bank . Red Bank . Rochester . Boston . . Atlanta Williamstown Concord . Manhattan Normal . . East Turner, Acotink Cornwallis Atlanta La Crescent Philadelphia Nashville . Red Bank . McComb City Detroit . . Bane . . Rochester . . Michigan. Connecticut. Conn i New York. . . . Ohio. Massachusetts. . . . Iowa. Maryland. . New York. Nova Scotia. . . Illinois. Vermont. . . Ontario. Missouri. Co. New York. . New York. New Jersey. . New York. . New York. . . Maine. Connecticut. New Jersey. Connecticut. New Jersey. Massachusetts. . New York. . New York. . Kentucky. New Jersey. Connecticut. Connecticut. . . Ontario. New Jersey. Vermont. . Minnesota. . New York. . New York. New Jersey. New Jersey. . New York. Massachusetts. . Georgia. . Maine. Massachusetts, . . Kansas. . . Illinois. . . . Maine. Virginia. Nova Scotia. . . Georgia. . Minnesota. Pennsylvania. . Tennessee. New Jersey. . Mississippi. . Michigan. Massachusetts. . New York. Arm; i; HoOPES josiah hoopes Willi \m Howe Dr. Wm. M. IIowsi.kv Stephen IIiivt . samite] ii. hljntingto George IIusmann Thomas P. James . Fit ink J. Kinney . Edward W. Linco John T. Lovett . .1. W. Manning . . J. S. McCalla . . T. C. Maxwell . J. A. Mbndenhall Mark Miller . . Elisha Moody . . John B. Moore J. Sterling Morton Josiah Nlwhall . Ambrose F. Page Geo. C. Fenniman Francis Pentland E. A. Powell . . J. S. Prettymah Edwin Pay . . . Dr. D. Redmond W. II. Risley . . James H. Ricketts James A. Root J. W. Ross . . . John Saul . . . William Saunders Wm, A. Seaman Wm. L. Sciiaefer . William Schley . J. R. Shot well Daniel Smith . . James Smith . . Frederick Smyth Calvin Spaulding Wm. H. SrooNER . Dr. J. Stayman Dr. H. A. Swasey . E. W. Sylvester, M. I) Charles S. Taylor E. Y. Teas . . . George M. Thompso Thomas C Thurlow 15. F. Transou . Richard Van Dusen II K. Viceroy . . F. Wellhouse . . Mortimer Wiiitehe E. Williams . . H.C.Williams . H. T. Williams T. B. Yale . . . Wesl Chester West Chester No. Salem Leai enworth New Canaan Hartford . Sedalia Cambridge Worcester Worcester Red Bank. Reading . Philadelphia Geneva Richmond Des Moines Lockport . Concord . Nebraska Cit Lynnfield . Billerica . St. Michaels Lochland . Syracuse . Milford . . Boston . . Pass Christian Berlin . Newburgh . Skaneateles Perrysburg Washington London Washington Philadelphia Savannah . Kahway Newburgh Des Moines Manchester Hallowell . Jamaica Plai Leavenn orth Mobile . . Lyons . . Burlington Richmond . Walthani . W. Newbury Humboldt . Thompsonville Champaign Leaven woitl Middlebush Mount Clair Vienna . . New York Rochester . Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. . New York. . . Kansas. Connecticut. Connecticut. Missouri. Massachusetts. M.i ssachusel is. Massachusetts. New Jersey. Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. . New York. . . Indiana. . . . Iowa. . New York. Massachusetts. . Nebraska. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. . Maryland. . . . Ohio. . New York. . . Delaware. Massachusetts. . Mississippi. Connecticut. . New York. . New York. . . . Ohio. District Columbia. . Ontario. District Columbia. . Pennsylvania . . . Georgia. . New Jersey. . . New York. . . . . Iowa. New Hampshire. . . . Maine. Massachusetts. . . . Kansas. . . Louisiana. . . New York. . New Jersey. . . Indiana. Massachusetts. Massachusetts. . Tennessee. Connecticut. . . Illinois. . . Kansas. New Jersey. New Jersey. Virginia. . New York. . New York. FRUITS ON EXHIBITION. From the Nebraska State Horticultural Society. — Apples, two hundred and twenty-nine varieties ; Pears, forty-three varieties; Grapes, eight varieties: and Peaches, seven varieties. Total, two hundred and eighty-seven varieties. From the Kansas State Horticultural Society. — Apple-, one hundred and seventy-four varieties; Pears, ten varieties ; Grapes, five varieties. Total, one hundred and ninety-three varieties. From the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario. — Apples, one hundred and sixty varieties: Pears, one hundred and twenty-two varieties ; Grapes, fifty-one varieties : Plums, fifty varieties ; Peaches, fifteen vari- eties. Total, three hundred and ninety-eight varieties. From Marshall P. Wilder, of Boston. — Pears, four hundred and four varieties. From Hovey & Co., of Cambridge, Mass. — Pears, three hundred and twenty-eight varieties. From Ellwanger & Barry, of Rochester, N. Y. — Pears, three hundred and seventeen varieties. From the South Haven (Michigan) Pomological Society. — Apples, one hundred varieties; Grapes, twen- ty-five varieties ; Pears, twenty varieties ; Plums, ten varieties: Peaches, three varieties. Total, one hundred and fifty-eight varieties. Also, thirty-four varieties Evaporated Fruits ; fourteen varieties of Canned Fruits and one Crate of Peaches. From the State of Vermont, B. Bryant, Chairman. — Apples, one hundred and seventeen varieties ; Pears, twenty-six varieties ; Crab Apples, twenty-four varieties. Total, one hundred and sixty-seven varieties. From the Polk County (Iowa) Agricultural and Horticultural Society, Mark Miller. Chairman. — Apples, one hundred and fifty-one varieties. From the Cambridge (Mass.) Horticultural Society. — Pears, one hundred and twenty-eight varieties. From the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture. — Pears, one hundred and twenty-two varieties. From E. Moody & Son, of Lockport. X. Y. — Pears, one hundred and twelve varieties. From Rev. Robert Burnet, of Hamilton, Ontario. — Pears, one hundred and eight varieties. From J. W. Ross, of Perrysburg, Northern Ohio. — Apples, one hundred and one varieties. From the State of Indiana, by Mr. Mendenhall. — Apples, about one hundred varieties were sent, but only a small portion arrived. From F. & L. Clapp, of Dorchester, Mass. — Pears, eighty-six varieties of Seedlings. From Charles Dickerman, of New Haven, Conn. — Pears, eighty-six varieties. From the Deseret (Utah) Agricultural and Manufacturing Company. — Apples, thirty varieties; Pears, twenty-one varieties; Plums, fifteen varieties ; Peaches, nine varieties. Total, seventy-five varieties. From the Farmers' Club, of Sacramento, Cal. — Apples, thirty-eight varieties ; Pears, fourteen varieties ; Peaches, four varieties; Grapes, nine varieties. Total, sixty-five varieties. Also. Brandied Peaches in Glass Jars. From Smith & Powell, of S\-racuse, N. Y. — Pears, seventy-three varieties. From John B. Moore, of Concord, Mass. — Seedling Grapes, fifty-six varieties. From John Saul, of Washington, D. C. — rears, fifty-five varieties. From James H. Ricketts, of Newburgh, N. Y. — Grapes; Native varieties and Seedlings. From Hoag & Clark, of Lockport, N. Y. — Native Grapes. From James Rutter, of Florin, Cal. — Grapes grown west of the Rocky Mountains. From Alexander Dickinson, of Cambridgeport, Mass. — Pears, fifty varieties. From W. D. Breckenridge, of Gowerstown, Md. — Pears, forty-seven varieties. 16 FRUITS ON EXHIBITION. From Robert Cushman, of Pawtucket, R. I. — Pears, thirty-eight varieties; Grapes, two varieties; and one variety of Apples. Total, forty-one kinds. Prom the Delaware Fruit Growers' Association. — Pears, twenty-four varieties ; Peaches, twelve varie- ties; and Apples, four varieties. Total, forty varieties. From Charles W. Read, of Sacramento, Cal. — Pears, thirty-nine varieties. From Nova Scotia. — Apples, twelve varieties; Plums, twelve varieties; Pears, nine varieties. Total, thirty-three varieties. From John J. Howe, of Birmingham, Conn. — Thirty-two varieties of Seedling Pears. From the Concord (1ST. H.) Horticultural Society. — Grapes, twelve varieties ; Pears, eleven varieties ; Apples, four varieties. Total, twenty-seven. From Dr. N. Durfee, of Fall River, Mass. — Peaches, twenty varieties. From David S. Myer, of Bridgeville, Del. — Peaches, eighteen varieties. From George B. Durfee, of Fall River. Mas*. — Grapes, grown under glass, fifteen varieties. From G. F. B. Leighton, of Norfolk, Ya. — Pears, fourteen varieties. From Joshua Coolidge, of Watertown, Mass. — Pears, fifteen varieties. From Charles Arnold, of Canada. — Grapes, eighteen Seedlings. From D. Redmond, Mississippi. — Oranges, eight varieties. From L. I. Rose, of California. — Oranges, two kinds, Shaddock, and a Pomegranate variety. From F. Trowbridge, of New Haven, Conn. — Cranberries, three varieties. And additional Fruits from the following sources : — From Chas. E. Brown, of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia ; C. H. Greenman, of Milton, and G. P. Pepper, of Pewaukee, Wisconsin ; Parker Earle, of South Pass, 111. ; Geo. W. Campbell, of Delaware, Ohio ; W. B. Weeks and Geo. R. Wilson, of Norfolk; E. Daniels and Geo. Pervis, of Nelson County, Richmond, Va. ; J. J. Toon, of Atlanta, Ga. ; Lewis Slack, of Brookline, George Hill, of Arlington, A. Foote, of Williams- town, N. B. White, of Dedham, and Geo. Haskell, of Ipswich, Mass. ; John Copp, of Wakefield, N. H. ; H. McLaughlin, of Bangor, Me. ; E. Ware Sylvester, of Lyons, and H. E. Hooker, of Rochester, N. Y. ; Stephen Hoyt, of New Canaan, W. W. Turner, of Hartford, and F. P. D. Stillman, of Connecticut ; I. M. F. Farquhar. of Providence, R. I. ; Col. N. 0. Irish, of Nebraska ; James Dougall, of Canada ; and Miss Cooke, and numerous other contributors, from whom no lists were received, making altogether a grand total of over SIX THOUSAND DISHES OF FRUIT. PROCEEDINGS OF THE American Pomological Society. Ik conformity with the announcements made in the previous circular and invitations, delegates from all parts of the Union gathered at the hall of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in Bos- ton, on the morning of September 10, 1873. Nearly the entire available space of both halls being occupied with the overflowing abundance of the Pomological fruit contributions, the assembly met in Wesleyan Hall, immediately adjoining, and were called to order at 10 A. M. by the Presi- dent, Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, who introduced W. C. Strong, President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, who gave the Society a cordial welcome to the city in the following words : Mr. President and Gentlemen of the American Pomological Society : — The Society which I have the honor to represent met you two years since in a city 500 miles nearer the center of our Union than we now are, though that city is itself 1,000 miles east of the center. It was asking a good deal in inviting you to come to this land's end. You have come hundreds, some of you thousands, of miles to reach a city, for whatever else distinguished, at least noted for two great natural products — granite and ice. But it is our good fortune that you are here. The great transportation prob- lem, so far as we at present are concerned, is happily solved. It has, indeed, seemed to us appropriate that your Quarter-Centennial Celebration should be held in the city which has been from the first a staunch supporter of your Society, and which is the home of your President. (Applause.) And we hope to be able to show you in our city and surroundings, and by our exhibitions, that granite and ice are not our only products. We wel- come you most cordially to our city, to our halls and exhibitions, to our homes and our hospitality. And we trust that while engaged in your important work, you will still find time for such observa- tions and enjoyments as will make your stay with us pleasant and profitable to all. In behalf of the Massachusetts Horticultural Societj', I extend to you a cordial welcome. President Wilder responded as follows : In behalf of the American Pomological Society, I beg to assure you of our sincere thanks for this cordial welcome, and those kind words you have addressed to us. No place could be more appropriate than this city, where our Pilgrim Fathers planted the germs of a new civilization, where were planted the first fruit-trees of New England, and from whence has gone forth much of that great interest which has spread throughout our country. I beg to assure you that nothing could be more agreeable than thus to receive your courtesy, and from the Society with which, as you know, I have been for more than forty years intimately connected. It is well, sir, that we are here, and we accept with gratitude the courtesies you have extended to us, and we hope that you 18 PROCEEDINGS. and your members will favor us with your presence and take seats in the convention. And now, gentlemen of the American Pomological Society, after having passed the introductory services of the morning, I beg to congratulate you on this large assembly of citizens and delegates from almost all the States and Territories of our country. In token of friendly regard, and as a memo- rial of this Quarter-Centennial, I beg to say to you that, as I cannot have the opportunity to take each of you by the hand this morning, I now propose that we have a general shaking of hands. I give my hand to my friends on my right and left, and thus complete the joyful salutation, and extend to you all a hearty and cordial welcome. (Applause.) The suggestion of the President was carried out in a very hearty manner, and when order was again restored, Col. Wilder invited the Vice-Presidents to take seats on the platform, and then said : It is my duty to say, gentlemen, that we meet for business purposes, but we have courtesies offered to us which we cannot refuse. I shall endeavor, with your good help, so to arrange the business, that the hours which are usually devoted to work shall not be infringed upon by the acceptance of these courtesies. I have letters of that character, which I will now read. The first is from the Mayor of the city, Hon. Henry L. Pierce, addressed to your President : Dear Sir, — It would give me great pleasure, as the representative of the city government of Boston, to meet and welcome the members of the American Pomological Society in Faneuil Hall, on Wednesday, the 10th inst., at one o'clock. The letter which I shall now read is from Mr. Wm. Gray, Jr., in the immediate vicinity of this city : Hon. Marshall P. Wilder : Dear Sir, — It will give me great pleasure, if the members of the American Pomological Society, which is to hold its Quarter-Centennial Celebration next week, will breakfast with me on Thursday morning, the 11th inst., at half-past seven o'clock. The following letter is from Mr. H. H. Hunnewell, whose place is renowned throughout our country. He says : " Would your friends of the Pomological Society have a leisure moment during their intended visit to this city, and you think I have anything here in the way of horticulture of sufficient interest to compensate for the trouble of coming so far, I need not assure you that it will give me the greatest pleasure to receive them any day you may name, and to do every thing in my power to render the visit agreeable." These invitations were accepted, and the thanks of the Society ordered to be returned therefor. The President then announced the appointment of the following committees : Credentials. — Messrs. Rev. R. Burnet, of Canada West ; I. Bush, of Missouri ; Dr. Ham- ilton, of Nova Scotia ; George W. Campbell, of Ohio ; and W. B. Smith, of New York. Record of Fruits Exhibited. — Messrs. Fuller, of New Jersey; Sylvester, of New York; Hoopes, of Pennsylvania ; Davis, of Massachusetts ; and Saul, of the District of Columbia. Nomination of Officers. — Governor Furnas, of Nebraska, Chairman ; Messrs. Tichenor, of Alabama ; Perkins, of California ; Saul, of District of Columbia ; Breckenridge, of Maryland ; Schley, of Georgia ; Bryant, of Illinois ; Teas, of Indiana ; Miller, of Iowa ; Howsley, of Kansas : McLaughlin, of Maine; Hyde, of Massachusetts; Lyon, of Michigan ; Elliot, of Minnesota ; Red- mond, of Mississippi ; Bush, of Missouri; Starr, of Nova Scotia ; Moody, of New York; Towne, of New Hampshire ; Browne, of New Mexico ; Kidder, of North Carolina ; Bateham, of Ohio ; PROCEEDINGS. 19 Beadle, of Ontario; Buist, of Pennsylvania; Moore, of Rhode Island; F. Transou, of Tennessee ; Deledale, of Washington; Gale, of Wisconsin; Elder, of Vermont; Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. Mr. F. R. Elliott, in a brief speech, thanking all for past kindness, and acknowledging his continued love and sympathy with the name and object of the Society, declined a re-nomination as Secretary, and the Society adjourned to Faneuil Hall. The reception was largely attended, yet informal, and occupied but a brief time. His Honor the Mayor received the delegation of the Society with the following cordial address : Mr. President and Gentlemen of the American Pomological Society : — I esteem it a great privilege to meet you here to-day in Faneuil Hall, and to extend to you, in behalf of the city .government and our citizens, a cordial greeting to the metropolis of New England. Gathered as you are from every portion of the country, to spread abroad useful knowledge, experience and observation, you cannot fail to promote the well-being of the citizens and add greatly to the pros- perity of the people. The development and improvement of fruit culture, which is the object of your Society, cannot fail to administer in a great degree to the happiness and prosperity of the country. The fruits of the garden, the field and the orchard are some of the leading elements of national wealth. I need not remind 3'ou of the benign influence it exerts in promoting the health and enjoyment of the country. I take especial pride in meeting you here, to-day, from the very fact that j'ou have selected the home of your distinguished President (applause) in which to hold your twenty-fifth anniversary. I may say that he is known and beloved by all of us; his noble life is engaged in every good and noble work. I know that we all feel under the greatest obliga- tions to you, and in coming here you have done all his fellow-citizens honor. I trust, gentlemen, that you will have a pleasant visit amongst us, and that the deliberations of your Society will accomplish all the good that you most fondly desire. (Applause.) To which President Wilder responded : Mr. Mayor : — In behalf of the American Pomological Society, I return you our sincere and heartfelt thanks for the cordial reception you have extended to our National Association. I know I speak the languge of every heart when I say that we are most happy to be received by you here, in old Faneuil Hall — in the old Cradle of Liberty, consecrated alike to American freedom and the rights of man. And could these portraits speak from the canvas, I doubt not, Mr. Mayor, they would unite with you most heartily in the cordial welcome you have so graciously given these representatives of our common country. And could they stej) to this platform, we should hear the immortal Washington again, with still more emphatic voice, declare the great industrial pursuit of which our favorite art is an important branch, " to be the most healthful, the most useful, and the most honorable employment of man." Then, too, should we hear the immortal statesman — our own Webster — commend to us the science of the soil, and declare again, from the spot where I stand, " that our pursuit is one which attracts, gratifies and delights all — a common field in which every degree of taste, refinement and education may unite and find opportunities for gratification." Then, also, would he " commend the power of association, and declare that the great practical truth of the present generation is that public improvements are brought about by combinations and voluntary association; that the practice of bringing together men bent on the same general object, uniting their physical and intellectual efforts for that purpose, is the greatest improvement of our age." We come, sir, from different, and some of us from very distant, sections of our land, to bring for your examination the products of our orchards, gardens and vineyards, to compare the results of our experience, and by the discussions, reports and the publication of our proceedings, to build up and perpetuate a pomology for this Western World. Already the star of American pomology, rising like the sun on our eastern shores, has made its transit across our continent, and 20 PROCEEDINGS. illumined not only the Pacific slope, but sheds its genial influence throughout the length and breadth of our happy land ; and here, to-day, in this Northern clime, we have the fruits of the North, the South, the West, and the East, united in one grand display never surpassed by any nation on the globe. Our Association already embraces within its fold fifty States and Territories, with which we are more or less in communication, bringing together the wisest and best cultivators in our land, and forming a truly national association, whereby a community of interest is estab- lished for the advancement of one of the most rational and beautiful arts of life, and the promotion of a great source of national wealth and human happiness. In order to promote the convenience of all, and to increase its usefulness, the Society has held its sessions in different sections of the Union. New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Massachusetts, Missouri and Virginia have extended their hospi- talities to us, and now, for the third time, we have the pleasure of accepting the welcome of Bos- ton, which you have so graciously extended tfl us. Our time is precious, and we must return to our hall for business. In conclusion, permit me again to thank you for your kindness and courtesy, and to hope that you will honor us by an examination of our exhibition, and especially by your presence at the banquet on Friday evening. (Applause.) The Mayor and other city officials were then introduced to the Vice-Presidents and other prominent members of the Society, and after spending a short time in examining the portraits and other objects of interest in the historic hall, the company separated. WEDNESDAY- AFTERNOON SESSION. Shortly after 3 o'clock, the delegates assembled in Wesleyan Hall in such numbers as to fill every available seat. The President, at the opening of the session, appointed the following judges to examine and report upon the fruits on exhibition, and award the prizes named in detail as 'published in the pre- liminary circular issued bjT the Society : Apples. — Messrs. Charles Downing, of New York ; Bateham, of Ohio ; Redmond, of Louisiana ; Bowditch, of Massachusetts ; Moore, of Rhode Island. Pears. — Berckmans, of Georgia; Hooker, of New York; Manning, of Massachusetts; Earle, of Illinois; Harrison, of Pennsj'lvania ; Quinn, of New Jersey. Grapes. — Farley, of New York ; Hamilton, of Nova Scotia ; Sargent, of Massachusetts ; Thurber, of New York ; Beadle, of Canada ; Hape, of Georgia. Seedling Fruits. — Messrs. Thomas and Ellwanger, of New York ; Hovey, of Massachusetts ; Burnet, of Canada ; Meehan, of Pennsylvania. Figs, etc. — Messrs. Leighton, of Virginia ; Breckenridge, of Maryland ; Swasey, of Louisiana. Peaches. — G. W. Campbell, of Ohio ; William Adair, of Michigan ; Judge Schley, of Geor- gia; Dr. E. W. Sylvester, of New York; L. Saltonstall, of Massachusetts; Dr. Prettyman, of Delaware. Plums. — P. T. Quinn, of New York ; Dr. W. M. Howsley, of Kansas ; Dr. F. M. Hexamer, of New York. President Wilder then announced that on Friday evening there would be a grand banquet to the delegates, given by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, which would be to them a source of great pleasure, and would be celebrated in the most enjoyable manner. The Society then listened with closest attention and interest to the President as he delivered the customary Biennial Address. president's address. 21 ADDRESS OF THE HON. MARSHALL P. WILDER. Gentlemen of the American Pomological Society : — With the close of this session a quarter of a century will have elapsed since the establishment of our National Association. Most heartily do I congratulate }-ou upon the pleasant circumstances under which we are assembled, and upon the progress and prosperity of our Society. We meet on this occasion, not only to assume the labors, discussions, and duties incident to another biennial session, but to com- memorate by appropriate exercises a period which will ever be memorable in the record of our existence. We accept with great pleasure the cordial welcome extended to us by the Massachu- setts Horticultural Society, whose liberality has made such ample provision for our accommodation ; and, while acknowledging these courtesies, we desire also to express our obligations to the Massa- chusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture, and to the gentlemen who with them have presented funds for the promotion of our cause. Nothing could be more grateful to my feelings than your presence at our old homestead, and in my own behalf I bid you welcome to the privileges and enjoyments of the occasion. We meet as representatives and co-laborers from different and widely distant sections of this great republic. We come from various districts, but with no other rivalry than a laudable ambition to promote a great industrial pursuit, whose salutary influences are for the benefit of our common country. From whatever section you come, — whether from the sunrise or the sunset shores of our continent, from the Dominion of the North, the valleys and prairies of the great Central West, or from the broad plains and hill slopes of the sunny South, — I extend to all a hearty welcome to our time-honored metropolis of New England. Especially do I welcome you to our own beloved Commonwealth, the home of the Pilgrims, where our fathers planted the germs of a civilization which we believe will ultimately be extended to the remotest nations of the globe. Here the tree of liberty was planted under whose genial shade our whole land now rejoices ; and here Concord, Lexington and Bunker Hill rear their monuments of historic fame, to remind us of the priceless blessings we enjoy. Here were the gardens and orchards of Gov. Endicott, whose pear-tree at Danvers still survives the revolutions of two hundred and fifty years. Here, at Marshfielcl, are the relics of the apple-tree planted by the first male child born of the Pilgrims. Here, on Boston Common, were the orchards of William Blackstone, the first settler. Here were the gardens of Gov. Winthrop, of golden-pippin renown, and here, at a later date, the gardens and orchards of John Hancock, the first signer to the Declaration of Amer- ican Independence, Gardiner Greene, and others, from whence were disseminated some of the first fruits introduced into this country from the mother-land. Here is the home of the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture, of whose munificence I have before spoken ; the home of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, under whose auspices we meet, both of which institutions were the second of their kind permanently established in America. In this vicinity were the fields of labor of Lowell, Dearborn, Manning, Kenrick, the Perkinses, Downer, and other early pomolo- gists ; and here are the homes of many now living, whose names will be remembered as promoters of our cause when they also shall be gathered to their fathers. Here, within the limits of our city, were planted the first Bartlett and the first Flemish Beauty pear-trees imported to this country, both of which survive to this day. And here the Dix, the Dearborn, Dana's Hovey, Clapp's Favorite pears, and the Downer Cherry were born. And here, within a few miles, were originated the Hovey's Seedling Strawberry, the Concord, Diana, and Rogers' Hybrid Grapes. Many of those who participated in the formation of this Society, and to whom we are indebted for much of its success, have ceased from their labors, and gone to receive their reward. But I am 22 president's address. most happy to recognize among those present to-day some of the noble pioneers who aided in the establishment of our Society, who rocked the cradle of its infancy, and who now rejoice with us in the grand development which this day witnesses. We recognize, also, many others, who in later times have contributed and shared with us in this march of improvement, who like them have stood as faithful sentinels on the watch-tower of duty, and whose efforts to advance our objects will demand and receive, in coming time, the thanks of millions of grateful hearts. To no one is this occasion of more interest than to him who, by your kind indulgence, has occupied this chair for so many years, and who, in the course of nature, cannot again witness the assembling of its members in this city of his home. With feelings of no ordinary gratification we receive you here, where some of the first efforts were made in the cause of fruit culture, and from whence, in the early history of our country, as well as in later j'ears, so much has emanated for its extension throughout our land. HISTORICAL SKETCH. In my former addresses I have often spoken of the acquisitions and usefulness of our art ; but in the presence of so many intelligent cultivators, who from scientific attainments and practical skill have become renowned as teachers themselves, I would not trespass on your time by a repe- tition of well established opinions, but would rather offer my congratulations on the progress we have made, and draw therefrom motives and inducements to increased efforts and perseverance in our benevolent work. I have heretofore alluded briefly to the history of our Society, but it might be deemed an omission of duty did I not on this quarter-centennial make a record of its origin and progress, not only for the benefit of those present, but for the information of those who are to come after us. I propose, therefore, even at the risk of repeating what may be well-known to our earlier members, to place in the annals of our Society a page which shall survive when we are gone. Thus shall we " bind fast and find fast " the record of our times. Briefly, then, let me state that the idea of a pomological convention appears to have occurred to individuals in different States at about the same time, — as new ideas in regard to j)rogress fre- quently do. Thus, in the summer of 1848, consultation was had with Andrew Jackson Downing, the great American landscape gardener, and editor of the " Horticulturist," then on a visit to the city of Boston, in regard to the chaotic condition of our pomology, — the want of accurate and well-defined knowledge of our fruits, whereby correct conclusions could be drawn as to their various merits ; the best means for improving the condition of fruit culture, and the expediency of establishing an American society, so that, by interchange of experience, and more cordial inter- course, by general consent we might preserve those fruits which were valuable, discard those which were worthless, correct the confused nomenclature, and establish a pomology for our whole coun- try. To establish such a society was a great work, but it was considered as the only means which could accomplish the desired object. A correspondence was immediately opened with some of our prominent agricultural and horticultural societies, and with the leading nurserymen and pomologists of our land. This resulted in the proposal of the American Institute of New York to have a con- vention held under its auspices in that city. Pursuant to these arrangements, a circular was issued signed by committees of the Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New Haven Horticul- tural Societies and the American Institute of New York, proposing to hold a " Great National Convention of Fruit Growers " in the city of New York, October 10, 1848. Of the fifteen persons whose names were appended to this call, three only remain. All the rest have joined the great procession of the dead. The convention met, and the Society was organized as the "American Congress of Fruit Growers," by the choice of Marshall P. Wilder as President, a Vice-President from each of the several States represented, and three Secretaries. Of these, S. B. Parsons and P. Barry are here to-day. president's address. 2:5 The first National Pomological assemblage, solely for the consideration of pomological subjects, met at Buffalo, September 1, 1848, at the call of the New York State Agricultural Society, and after an interesting session resolved to perpetuate itself under the name of the "North American Pomological Convention." But it was plain that there could be but one national organization that could carry due weight. A conference was therefore had, which resulted the next year in the consolidation of the two associations under the name of the "American Pomological Congress." The first meeting of the united associations was held at Cincinnati, 1850. In consequence of a death in the family of the President he was absent, and Dr. W. D. Brinckle was chosen to preside, but at the next meeting declined a re-election, and the present incumbent was again called to the chair, which he has occupied to this date. Its sessions, since the first three, have been held biennially. There have been three in New York city ; one in Cincinnati ; three in Philadelphia ; three, including the present, in Boston ; two in Rochester ; one in St. Louis ; and one in Richmond. The first session at Philadelphia, in 1852, will ever be memorable as the occasion when a eulogy was pronounced by the person who now addresses you, on Mr. A. J. Downing, one of the chief projectors of the Society, whose sudden death had occurred a short time previous. At this session a constitution and by-laws was adopted, and the name was changed to the " American Pomological Society." PROGRESS. We hail the present anniversary as one of the most interesting in our progress, commemorating as it will the history of this Society from its infancy to its present stature of manhood. Nor can language express the grateful sensations which I experience, that my life has been spared to this time ; that I have been permitted to witness the rapid growth and increasing influence of our institution ; and that you have so kindly consented to come once more to the city of my adoption, to my own home, to celebrate with me the silver wedding which, after so long a service, has still found us united in the bonds of affection and regard. There may be, and probably will be, periods in the future history of our Society, when equal or greater progress will be made ; but it is a peculiar and grateful privilege to be able to record what has already been accomplished ; to look back to its early beginnings ; and here, perhaps for the last time, to join with you in congratula- tions on its success, and to look forward with confident hopes to the time when every section of our wide-spread territory shall be embraced in our association, and our standard of pomology be established throughout the Western Continent. The marvelous growth of our country has constantly been opening up new States and Ter- ritories for fruit culture. These have been embraced within our fold, thus bringing together the wisest and best cultivators, and combining not only the men, but the fruits of our rich and varied clime, and States which had no place in our Union at the formation of this association have become the most fruitful in resources. Thus we have gone on, step by step, encouraging whatever was worthy, rejecting what was unworthy, treasuring up the bes.t information, and promulgating, for the benefit of our whole people, the results of our wide-spread researches. Few are aware of the great revolution which has taken place in fruit culture since the estab- lishment of this National Pomological Society, or of the laborious efforts of those patient pioneers and investigators who have spent their lives for the promotion of our art. Nor can we omit here to acknowledge the influence of the press, to which we are so much indebted for the dissemination of our experience. Some are now living who can remember the time when there was not an agricultural or horticultural paper, nor a book on fruit culture, published on this continent. Look back and compare that period with the present time, with its flood of books, newspapers, and periodicals which are wholly or in part devoted to the spread of pomological knowledge, and we shall appreciate the great advantages arising therefrom. Many of those present can remember the time when there were but few apples sent from our Western States to the Eastern coast. Com- 24 president's address. pare this with the thousands of barrels of fruit that are now annually sent to the markets of the East. But time would fail me were I to enumerate the vast quantities of pears, peaches, grapes, and small fruits which come from the Western, Southern, Middle and Pacific States to our great Northern and Eastern cities. Some are present who can remember the time when there was not a nursery of any note west of the Hudson river, where now, as from the great commercial nurseries at Rochester, Geneva, and other Western cities, there are annually sent out millions of trees and plants to other sections of the Union. The thought, therefore, which most impresses me on this occasion is the rapid progress in American Pomology, the beneficial results which have arisen from the establishment of this national institution, and the duty of perpetuating and preserving it for all coming time. No modern event connected with the culture of the soil, and the sanitary condition of our people, has been fraught with more salutary effects than the establishment and operations of this Society. The more I reflect on its benign influence in promoting the wealth, health and happiness of the nation, the more am I desirous to do what I can in my day and generation for its advancement. True, much had been done by the Pennsylvania and Massachusetts Horticultural Societies, the leading pioneers in the East, to open the way for this new epoch in the fruit culture of our country ; much has been done by other associations and individuals in the way of co-operation ; but here was«a new departure, here was a union for concerted action, which should thenceforward embrace every section of our constantly increasing territory. How grateful to the feelings of our departed asso- ciates, could they have seen the growth and influence of our Society ! How would the hearts of Downing, Brinckle, Walker, Hancock, not to speak of the living, have swelled with joy could they have seen, as we see now, the progress of fruit culture in our land, and the prospect which is opening up in the great future of our science. How striking the progress in our day ! It is but about fifty years since the first Horticultural Society was established on this continent. It is but twenty-five years since the formation of this, the first National Pomological Society in the world. And what do we see in the grand cornucopial display of to-day ? Not merely the fruits confined mostly to the Eastern States, where our exhi- bition is held, but the fruits of almost all climes of the habitable globe. Here in counsel are assembled the representatives of our wide-spread territory, laden with rich experience and with precious fruits, far excelling the fabled gardens of antiquity. Here the Canadas, Nova Scotia, and New England warm to the genial influences of the sunny South ; here the great Central West responds to the East ; here California, with golden fruits more precious than her golden sands; here peaceful Kansas brings her crimson fruits; here youth- ful Nebraska, representative from the great American desert, where sixteen years ago not a fruit tree had been cultivated, comes with her car of precious products and with her Governor at the head; and here from territories, where but a few years since the track of the wild beast and the trail of the wild man had only marked the soil; to-da}r, in this northern clime of granite and ice, on this rock-bound coast, we meet as representatives of a united and prosperous people, to rejoice together in a jubilee crowned with fruits surpassing those of any other nation of the earth. Such is the progress of American pomology ; such the harvest Ave are permitted to reap ; such is the fruition of our fondest hopes. But who can even estimate the progress of our art, the importance of this industry to our nation? Whose prophetic eye can survey the grand expanse which is to open on our course during the next twenty-five }rears ? Ere that time shall have arrived, much of the unoccupied territory of our country, now greater in extent than that of all our present States, will by the aid of our trans-continental railroads be opened to cultivation, and Columbia River, Puget Sound, and the whole Pacific coast, with its untold treasures, be united with us in the great work of promoting the pomology of this land. Give us twenty-five years more, and from ocean to ocean, from the Dominion to the Gulf, our hill-sides shall be clad with the vine, our great valleys adorned with orchards and gardens, and the fig, olive and orange of the South and Pacific shores shall rival president's address. 25 those of exotic growth. Give us twenty-five years more, and our catalogue of fruits shall be filled with native varieties, and dedicated to American pomologists, who, by their labors and benevolenl efforts, have contributed to the wealth of our country and the happiness of its people. NEW FRUITS. But to accomplish this most desirable result, and to fulfill our mission of supplying every sec- tion of our country with fruits suited to its own locality, we must rely mainly on tbose originated on American soil. Bound by my promise in former addresses to ever recognize the importance of this duty, I again invoke your attention to the consideration of the subject. The good results already attained are but the harbingers of still more glorious rewards. We have discussed at length the various processes of Van Mons, Knight, Esperen, and others of the Old World ; but whatever may be said of the superior fruits produced by them, we have the strongest proofs that the clear sky and warm summers of our American climate are far more favorable for propitious results than theirs, and that such circumstances will conduce to the health and longevity of a variety. Especially is this the case in California, where almost all the products of the vege- table world come to perfection. From past experience it seems probable that the deterioration of certain varieties of fruits will exist in the future as in the past, and that the same causes, whether from the removal of the forests, or from whatever circumstances, will still continue. Hence the necessity of raising new varieties to supply the places of those that decline. Hap- pily this degeneracy is confined to the apple and pear, affecting the pear more particularly, while in the cherry, peach, plum, strawberry, and small fruits generally, there are no signs of this deterioration. That as fine fruits can be raised from seed here as have been produced in any other country, there is no longer a doubt. That this is the plan prescribed by our bountiful Cre- ator for their production and improvement, is equally true. That there is any limit to its progress and extent, we have no reason to believe. True, the number of superior fruits is small compared with the host of indifferent varieties that have come down to us from the past. One reason for this is, that our taste for finer fruits has been elevated to a higher stand- ard, and those of an indifferent or medium quality fall out by the way; and we have no doubt that the old pears so highly lauded by historians, were most, if not all of them, only coarse, un- melting kinds. When we reflect upon what has been accomplished in the improvement of animals and vegeta- bles in our own day, and how many splendid acquisitions have been brought forth that command the admiration of the world, — when we reflect upon the many fine American fruits already obtained with but comparatively little effort, — we surely have cause for great encouragement and perse- verance. There is no limit to progress now or hereafter, and we believe that the fruits of this earth are to become more and more perfect as time advances. The march of science is ever onward and upward, and it is our duty to keep pace with it. What has been done can be done again, and will be done, until the final culmination of all created things. Then let us not be dis- couraged by obstacles or disappointments, but — " Let us act, that each to-morrow Find us farther than today." If a pear like the Bartlett oV Beurre d'Anjou can be produced which shall be suited to every section, then another of like or better quality can be created and possess the same adaptation. Nor is there any reason why a strawberry like the Wilson, or a grape like the Concord, may not be raised of far better quality, and yet possess all the other valuable characteristics of these varieties. That there may be a point beyond which a fruit is not susceptible of improvement, as believed by i 26 president's address. some, we caunot aver, but that most of our varieties fall short of this perfection, all will agree. When we consider the character of the fruits which have come down to us from antiquity, the wonder is, not that we have no more strictly first-class varieties, but that we have already pro- duced so many superior sorts. These considerations afford ample evidence of the tendency towards improvement, and lead us to the belief that by planting the seeds of our best varieties, we shall advance still further towards perfection. Duhamel, Poiteau, and their contemporaries, after repeated trials with the seeds of the old varieties, produced but few worthy of note. It was reserved for Esperen, Gregoire, Bivort, Berck- mans, and other modern experimenters, who sowed the seeds of improved sorts, to give us most of the fine new varieties which now adorn our tables. In confirmation of this opinion, we have numerous instances in our own country. Witness the seedling pears of the Messrs. Dana, Clapp, and Shurtleff, of this vicinity, and those from other places, which grace this department of our exhibition. In these we have an illustration of what can be accomplished in the space of a few years, by the sowing of the seeds of modern varieties. In the extraordinary collection of Mr. Fox, of California, sent to me last year, we have also an evidence of the influences of virgin soil, high temperature, and clear atmosphere, giving us tokens of like advantages which we expect to derive from the new lands of our western friends, in the production of fine varieties. We may add in regard to Mr. Fox's seedling pears, that we know not how to account for the strong evidence of natural cross fertilization which they exhibit, unless it was caused by the favorable climatic influ- ence which we have just mentioned. Formerly we were obliged to rely mostly on imported kinds for our best fruits, but as time progresses these are gradually disappearing, and their places are being filled by those of American origin. Of the forty-three kinds of plums in our catalogue, more than half are Amer- ican. Of fifty-eight kinds of peaches, more than two-thirds are American, and in fact very few others are much in cultivation. Of the nineteen kinds of strawberries, all but three are American. Of thirty-one varieties of hardy grapes, all are American. Thus, of these fruits we have in our catalogue at the present time, one hundred and fifty-one varieties ; with the exception of thirty-seven, all are of American origin. Thus may we go on, rising higher and higher in the scale of excellence, looking forward with bright anticipations to the time when, through the influence of these examples, and of our own and kindred associations, our catalogue shall be filled with varieties of American origin, and every part of our country rejoice in fruits born on the soil on which we live. Why, it is only about a century since Van Mons, Knight, and the great pomologists of Europe were born. It is within the present century that Coxe, Thomas, Buel, Prince, Lowell, Manning, and Kenrick commenced their efforts to improve the pomology of our country. It is within a much later period that the Downings, the younger Thomas, Rutland, Hovey, Ellwanger and Barry, Brinckle, Kennicott, Warder, Elliott, Berckmans, commenced their operations for the advancement of this cause. These considerations should excite us to greater enterprise and renewed exertions. This is the great work of the American Pomological Society. We have but just entered upon it. How vast and inviting the field that lies spread out before us ! Some of these thoughts, perhaps in another form, I may have presented to j'ou before, but it is by line upon line and precept upon precept that I desire to enforce my advice ; and were I never to address you again, I would repeat the counsel I have so often given, in regard to the production of new and fine fruits, namely : " To plant the most mature and perfect seeds of the most hardy, vigorous and valuable varieties ; and as a shorter process, ensuring more certain and happy results, cross or hybridize your best fruits." Before many years shall have passed my voice will be hushed in that stillness which knows no waking; but while I live I would continue to impress on your minds the importance of the beneficent work of providing these blessings for generations to come ; and when I am dead I would by these words still speak to j^ou. Thus will you advance one of the most delightful and important industries of the world ; thus will you build up a pomology for the most president's address. 27 favored nation upon which the sun ever shone ; thus will you contribute to the welfare of home, kindred and country, and transmit your names to future generations as benefactors of your race — "Our lips shall tell them to our sons, Anil they again to theirs, That generations yet unborn May teach them to their heirs." CATALOGUE. In this connection I desire to refer to our catalogue of fruits, as the most important achieve- ment of our Society. This was the first attempt in this country to suppress, by common consent, our inferior fruits from cultivation, and to define the adaptation and value of approved varieties to a wide-spread territory. Few can have any idea of the patient investigation which this has received from the committee, from its first preparation by Mr. Barry, in 1860, down to the present time. With the issue of this catalogue commenced a new era in the literature of American Pomology, by which every section of our country and the Provinces of British America were to be acknowl- edged and recognized in its classification. At the time of its first publication it was issued in octavo form, but in less than ten years we have been obliged to enlarge it to quarto form, so as to admit additional columns for the new States and Territories coming within our jurisdiction. Instead of the fifty-four varieties of fruit recommended in 1848, this catalogue now contains the names of five hundred and seventy-seven kinds, and with the list of six hundred and twenty-five rejected varieties passed upon by the Society, makes a total of twelve hundred and two on which the Society has set its seal of approval or rejection. An important part of this work, not shown by these figures, is the reduction of our list as compared with former catalogues, by striking out varieties too good to be placed in our rejected list, yet superseded by better sorts. In pears alone, this reduction has been from one hundred and twenty-two to ninety-one kinds. And thus it should ever be our aim to condense our list into as small a number of varieties as possible. When we consider that our catalogue embraces in its columns fifty States and Territories, including the Provinces of British America, with great diversities of soil and climate ; that some of the new districts have but little experience in fruit culture ; and that from them we have consequently but limited reports, we can readily appreciate the difficulties attendant on this great work. It was an important step taken by the Society when it placed its mark of condemnation on the long list of unworthy fruits which were then in our collections, thereby saving to cultivators a vast amount of time, trouble and expense in the propagation of useless varieties. But a great and important work, requiring the utmost caution, is still before us, to avoid in the future the insertion in its pages of the names of inferior or insufficiently tested fruits, and to establish a correct nomen- clature for all time, so that with every revision of our catalogue it may more nearly approximate to perfection. To aid in this most desirable work, the various State and local committees should keep well organized, and from time to time transmit to the General Chairman of the Fruit Com- mittee all the information which is acquired in their several districts. It was the original object of the catalogue, and must always continue to be its aim, to restrict the worthless or indifferent kinds, to discover and retain the most valuable, and to furnish to all sections the fruits best' adapted to their respective localities. For the purpose of perfecting our catalogue, a meeting of the Committee on Revision was held at Rochester, New York, soon after our last session. After several days of deliberation, the present form, and the new plan of making three gen- eral divisions, and arranging the States in their order of climatic and characteristic association in regard to fruit culture, was adopted. This was a work of much difficulty, but I am happy to learn 28 president's address. that it is regarded with great favor as a most important improvement, and will constitute, it is believed, through the united efforts of our members, ultimately, the acknowledged authority of the country. DECEASED MEMBERS. While we rejoice in the presence of so many of our members on this occasion, we are reminded of the absence of some who have been removed by death. Since our last biennial session, two Vice-Presidents and one Ex- Vice-President have deceased. I allude to Lawrence Young and John S. Downer, of Kentucky, and Dr. J. S. Curtis, of Cal- ifornia. Mr. Lawrence Young was an early member of our association, and for a long course of years held the office of Vice-President for the State of Kentucky. He was born on the 6th of December, 1793, in Caroline County, Virginia. He showed an early taste for knowledge, and made himself well acquainted with all branches of learning, especially with the science of Agri- culture and Horticulture, and by his interest and example he taught others to appreciate what he so dearly loved. He was not only a scientific, but a practical cultivator of fruits, and for these labors his own and adjoining States often expressed their obligations. For many years he was the Agricultural Editor of the " Louisville Journal." In later years he edited the " Western Plural- ist," and for thirty years he compiled a monthly meteorological table for the Smithsonian Institute. Besides being Vice-President of this Association, he held the offices of President of the Jefferson County Horticultural Society, and President of the Kentucky Pomological Society. Energy, per- severance, and a love of nature were prominent traits in his character through life. He died at the ripe old age of seventy-nine years. Mr. John S. Downer, our Vice-President for Kentucky, who was with us at our last session, lias also been removed by death. He was born on the 19th of June, 1809, in Culpeper County, Virginia. His taste for horticulture and pomology dawned with his early years, and while yet a youth he discovered an ardent love for these pursuits which continued through life. In early man- hood he established the Forest Nursery, and here, from obscure youth, without fame or fortune, he built uij an enviable reputation as a nursery-man and pomologist. He tested under his own inspec- tion many varieties of fruits, and has done much to improve pomology in the Central and Southern States, having produced several varieties of fruits which are now extensively cultivated. He devoted much time and patience to the production of new varieties of strawberry, and the Downer's Prolific, the Charles Downing, and the Kentucky, bear witness to his success. By test- ing and disseminating other fruits, he has conferred blessings on the pomology, not only of his own region, but on our whole country. He died on the grounds where he first settled, and where, in addition to his many attainments, he has left the name of " an honest man, the noblest work of God." The seat of Dr. Joshua S. Curtis, of Sacramento, California, is also vacated by death. He was one of the representatives of that State, and was elected Vice-President at our last session. He was a gentleman of noble bearing, and much interested in the progress of science and the ele- vation of our art. Some of us can remember the interest which he manifested, although for the fust time with us, in the welfare of the Society, and the words of counsel and approval which he spoke to us at the festival that closed our meeting at Richmond ; and it was his intention to be with us at this session. Dr. Curtis was born in North Carolina, and died in San Joaquin County, California, November 18, 1872, aged sixty-three years. He graduated at Chapel Hill College, and was also a graduate either of Philadelphia or Baltimore Medical College. He went to Tennessee in 1832, where he was* extensively engaged in farming and his profession. In 1837 he removed to Holly Springs, Mississippi, owned a cotton plantation, ami was the Treasurer of the State. He went to Sacramento, California, in 1850, where he resumed his practice as a physician. A few years afterward he gave up his profession, and was engaged in farming in Yolo County until the president's address. 29 time of his death. He represented that county in the State Legislature. His home was ever open to the poor, and his house was the home of the destitute. Nor can I close this record of deceased members without allusion to another, formerly con- nected with us in official relations, who has been called from this to the spirit-land. I allude to the Rev. Jeremiah Knox, of Pittsburg, Penn., who died of apoplexy, November 13, 1872, aged fifty- eight. His father was a minister, which profession he also adopted while at the age of seventeen. He removed to Pittsburg, early in life, and became eminent in his profession. He was social and sympathetic in his instincts, prepossessing in personal appearance, and gifted with oratorical powers. He was an old member, often attended the sessions of this Society, took part in its discussions, and was known throughout our land for his interest in the culture of the grape, the strawberry, and other small fruits. His enterprise in the culture of these was remarkable, and his plantations of the strawberry and the blackberry were very extensive. He gave to the Triomphe de Gand a new and extensive fame, and distributed far and wide the strawberry, No. 700, of his collection, which subsequently proved to be Jucunda, an European variety. He entered largely into the grape ex- citement, which existed a few years since, propagating immense quantities of vines, especially Con- cord, Delaware, and Martha. His name as the " Strawberry King," and the proprietor of the Knox fruit farm, will ever be remembered in the annals of American Pomology. These associates have gone. It has pleased a wise Providence to remove them from the sphere of duty here, but we trust in the hope that we shall one day join them in that better land, where friends shall part no more. CONCLUSION. Pardon me, my friends, for the time I have occupied in the performance of a duty required of me by your Constitution. With the close of this session will terminate the first quarter of a century in the history of our national association. We are now about to enter on the second era of its existence. A great work has already been accomplished, but more remains to be done. We have but just entered on the broad field which lies open to us, and gathered a few of its first fruits. Many of its former members have paid the debt of nature, and we, who are among the founders of our institutions, shall soon be called to follow theuujj But this Society, we believe, will live on to bless the world, and as time progresses, the results Of your labors in the development of our wonderful resources, will be more and more appreciated. And as our nation advances in wealth and refinement, so will the culture of fruits be better understood, and their importance and usefulness be more fully real- ized. Willing hands and generous hearts will labor for the same cause, and generation after gen- eration will enjoy the fruits which your hands have planted for them. Persevere, then, my friends, with the noble work in which you are employed. Go on, until our ultimate object is attained, in perfecting one of the most useful and beautiful sciences of the world. We have traced the progress of American Pomology from a period within fifty years. But who shall predict its development for the half century to come ? Judging from the past, we may anticipate that ere that day shall dawn, our whole continent will be opened up for use, and the cultivation of fruits become scarcely secondary to any other branch of rural art. Look at the progress of the past, and estimate, if you can, the increase of the future, when the population of our country shall exceed one hundred millions of souls, as many now living may expect to witness ; when our fruits shall be adapted to every section of our land, and become not merely a condi- ment, but a necessary portion of our food. Standing, as we do, on the line which divides the past from the present, let us remember with gratitude the labors of those who laid the foundations of this institution ; let us remember those who have so assiduously co-operated with us for the advancement of its objects, and let us transmit to posterity the priceless blessings our calling is destined to confer. And as our members, 30 president's address. from time to time, shall assemble to gather up the fruit of their research, may they have reason to rejoice more and more in the benefactions which it bestows on mankind ; and when at last we shall be called to relinquish the cultivation of our orchards, gardens and vineyards on earth, may we be permitted to participate in the cultivation of " That tree which bears immortal fruit, Without a canker at the root; Its healing leaves to us be given, Its bloom on earth, its fruit in heaven ! " (Prolonged applause.) Upon motion of Dr. Sylvester, of New York, the thanks of the Society were presented to Col. Wilder for his eloquent and valuable address, and a copy requested for publication in the Transactions. Mr. P. T. Quinn, of New Jersey, then read the report of the Committee on Nomination of Officers, the list being the same as published on previous page of the proceedings. The report was. on motion of Dr. Sylvester, of New York, accepted, and on motion of Mr. Moody, of New York, it was voted that the ballot be cast by some person to be designated by the President. The Chair appointed Dr. Howsley, of Kansas, to cast the ballot, and the officers nom- inated were declared elected. In the absence of Mr. Flagg, the Secretary elect, Mr. H. T. Williams, of New York, editor of the " Horticulturist," was appointed Secretary pro tern. On motion of Mr. Schaffer, of Pennsylvania, seconded by Mr. Barry, of New York, the thanks of the Society were tendered to Mr. Elliott, the retiring Secretary, for his long and faithful services. Mr. Elliott returned his thanks for the vote, and expressed the hope that the Society would continue to prosper, and be doubly valuable during the next quarter of a century. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 31 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. Eeport of Committee on Credentials. Mi:. Bush, of Missouri, on behalf of the Commit- tee, reported the lists of Delegates appointed by the various States, Territories, and Provinces, embracing in all the names of 313 persons. The following comprises the list of the delegates, members, etc., present, as complete as it is possible to be made : Alabama — Agricultural College. — Rev. J. T. Tich- enor, President. California — Southern District Agricultural Society. — S. C. Perkins. State Agricultural Society. — G. S. Simmons, Joseph Craekbon. ( Ionnecticut — State Board of Agriculture. — T. S. Gold, Secretary ; D. W. Coit, W. H. Bond, Sam'l F. West, E. G. Miles, Prof. Noah Cressey, Dr. Jno. J. Howe, P. Trowbridge, Chas. Dickerman, W. H. Ris- ley, S. H. Huntington, C. T. Webster, W. H. Yoe- mana, W. Howe, T. B. Wakeman, D. W. Clark, A. L. Loveland, and J. H. Dickerman. Hartford Hor- ticultural Society. — Dan'l S. Dewey, President; Win. W. Turner, Ex-President; P. D. Stillman, .las. Win- ship, E. W. Ball, W. C. Harding, B. S. Kellam, R. Quigsley, John S. Yoemans, J. H. Ranney, R. D. Hawley. Delaware — Central Fruit Growers' Association. — Dr. J. S. Prettyman, Stephen Wood, Jr., and S. Todd Jenkins. Farmers' and Mechanics' Club. — A. H. But- ler.— David S. Myer. District of Columbia — Department of Agricul- ture.— J. B. Russell, Librarian; Dr. Thomas Taylor, Microscopist, and Wm. H. Seaman, Patent Office. — Jas. S. Grinnell. Potomac Fruit Growers' Association. —John Saul, Dr. E. P. Howland, N. W. Pierson, H. P. Troth, Jno. A. Willis. Georgia — State Board of Agriculture. — P. J. Berekmans, President; Hon. Win. Schley, Rev. J. T. Tichenor. State Horticultural Society. — J. J. Toon, S. J. Toon, Sam'l Hape, Arthur C. Ford. Illinois — State Horticultural Society. — Arthur Bryant, Sen., Parker Earle, H. K. Vickroy, Mrs. Geo. Graff, J. R. Gaston. Indiana — Indiana Horticultural Society. — J. A. Mendenhall and E. Y. Teas. Iowa — Polk County Agricultural and Horticultural Society. — Mark Miller. Stale Horticultural Society. — G. B. Bracket and D. W. Adams. Kansas — State Horticultural Society. — Dr. Win. M. Howsley, President; Dr. J. Stayman, Hon. F. Wellhouse and Prof. E. Gale. Louisiana — Fruit Grotvers' Association. — Dr. H. A. Swasey, D. Redmond, Col. M. J'.. Hillyard. Maine — State Pomological Society. — Z. A. Gilbert, President; A. L. Simpson, Vice-President; Geo. B. Sawyer, Secretary; Henry Ingalls, W. P. Atherton, Calvin Spaulding, H. ('. Atherton. State Board of Agriadture. — S. L. Boardman, Secretary. Portland Hortii ultural Society. — Eliphalet Clark, Sam'l Rolfe, V. H. Sprague, J. S. Wheelwright. Bangor Horti- cultural Society. — Henry McLaughlin, A. L. Simpson. Maryland — Wm. D. Breckenridge, Geo. Balder- son. Massachusetts — Massachusetts Horticultural Soci- ety.— Wm. C. Strong. President; and the members generally. State Society for Promoting Agriculture. — Hon. Leverett Saltonstall, Vice President; Henry Saltonstall, Hon. A. A. Lawrence, Theodore Lyman, C. S. Sargent, Col. H. S. Russell, E. F. Bowditch, P. S. Rotch, Wm. Robeson, E. N. Perkins, and John G. Cushing. Stale Board of Agriculture. — Chas. L. Flint, Secretary ; Hon. Albert Fearing. Wm. Knowl- ton, Eliphalet Stone, Avery P. Slade and 0. B. Had- wen. State Agricidtural College. — His Excellency William B. Washburn, Wm. S. Clark, President ; Dr. Nathan Durfee, Hon. Chas. G. Davis, Hon. Henry Colt and Jno. Cummings. Worcester Horti- cultural Society. — Geo. E. Francis, President; Edward W. Lincoln. Secretary ; Stephen Salisbury, O. B. Hadwen, D. W. Lincoln, Jos. C. Lovell, Jno. C. Newton, Edward Earle, Henry H. Chamberlin, Wm. T. Merrifield, G. Cruickshanks, Wm. W. Cook, Wm. H. Earle, Jas. Draper, Sam*l Flagg and F. I. Kin- ney. Essex Agricultural Society. — Gen. Wm. Sutton, President ; Hon. Allen W. Dodge, Hon. D. H. Stick- ney, Dr. Geo. B. Loring, Jno. L. Shorey, G. W. Gage, B.P. Ware, Jno. M. Ives, T. C. Thurlow. Jno. Keeley, 32 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. JosiahNewhall and E. T. Curtis. Essex Institute. — Dr. Henry Wheatland, President ; Frank Putnam, Vice- President ; G. D. Phippen and Jno. Robinson. Hing- ham Agricultural and Horticultural Society. — Hon. Amos Bates, Vice-President ; Alfred Lovett, Vice-President ; Fearing Burr, Secretary; Tho. T. Bouve, Eliel Bates, Loring H. dishing, Edw. Hersey, Jas. L. Hunt, P. Hersey, Thorp Kilby, Jas. S. Lewis, E. Shute, Joshua Tower, I. D. Long. Middlesex Agricultural Society. — John Cumniings, President; John B. Moore, Richard Barrett, Geo. Heywood, H. L. Shattuck, Jas. B. Munroe, James Eustis. Michigan — William Adair, Geo. Miller. Minnesota — State Horticultural Society. — Wyman Elliot, - Missouki — State Horticultural Society. — Isidor Bush. Nebraska — State Agricultural Society. — His Ex- cellency Robert H. Furnas, President; J. Sterling Morton. — State Horticultural Society. — J. H. Masters, President; J. T. Allan, J. H. Rohwer, Adna H. Brown. New York — Western New York Horticultural So- ciety.— P. Barry, President; Jno. J. Thomas, Dr. E. Ware Sylvester, Geo. Ellwanger, Hon. Elisha Moody, T. C. Maxwell, H. E. Hooker, T. B. Yale, C. L. Hoag, Thos. Smith, P. C. Reynolds, Dr. H. Farley, W. C. Barry, Jas. A. Root, H. B. Ellwanger, E. A. Powell. Queens County Agricultural Society. — Hon. John A. King. Ncwburgh Bay Horticultural Society. — Charles Downing, Chas. St. J. Vail, Thos. S. Force, Alfred Bridgeman, E. H. Clark, D. Smith, J. C. Chapman, Jno. Baldwin, J. H. Eieketts, H. Cornell, Chas. H. Cornell, W. Cornell, Jas. Haggerty, Rev. E. P. Roe, Francis Scott, A. Weed, Daniel Gindra, C. Gilbert Fowler, George Woolsey. Rural Club New York. — Sam'l B. Parsons, President ; Dr. F. M. Hexamer, B. K. Bliss, H. T. Williams. P. T. Quinn.— Thomas Hogg, W. S. Carpenter, Chas. Butler, H. H. Farley. Win. Howe, Win. Lawton, J. Van Gelder, Jas. A. Root, E. A. Powell, G. W. D. Churchill, C. W. Church- ill, W. D. Cowles, J. V. Whelan, J. W. Smith. New Hampshire — Ex-Gov. Frederick Smyth. Slate Board of Agriculture. — Moses Humphries, Pres- ident ; Jas. 0. Adams, Secretary ; B. F. Hutchinson. Hillsborough Agricultural Society. — Jno. Snow, C. C. Shaw, Wm. B. Towne, Abel Chase, C. S. Averill, Gardner Blanchard. Concord Horticidtural Society. — Charles S. Eastman, Austin T. Sanger, F. S. Craw- ford, Calvin Eaton, Albert Leavens. — A. Dwight Ab- bott, Wm. Stevens, D. G. Burnham, Col. D. W. King, Geo. H. Keys, Gen. Israel Hunt, John Copp, P. B. Cogswell, C. S. Averill. New Jersey — State Agricultural Society. — P. T. Quinn, Secretary ; Jno. Crane, E. Williams, J. R. Shotwell, A. S. Fuller, Prof. George Thurber. Mon- mouth County Agi {cultural Society. — Jno. T. Lovett, A. Hance, Benj. B. Hance. Cumberland County Farm- ers' Club. — Franklin Dare. Bricksburgh Farmers' Club. — J. S. Calkins. Farmers' Conference Club of West Jersey. — J. S. Collins, Chas. S. Taylor, Dr. Geo. C. Brown. Pioneer Grange. — Mortimer Whitehead. —Edwin Allen, E. T. Field, H. Field, J. A. Hen- drickson, J. S. Eastmond, S. P. Chapin. North Carolina — Edward Kidder, F. Kidder. Nova Scotia — Fruit Growers' Association. — Dr. C. C. Hamilton, President ; R. W. Starr. Ohio — State Board of Agriculture. — M. B. Bate- ham, Secretary; Geo. W. Campbell, F. R. Elliott. Ontario (Canada) — Fruit Groivers' Association. — Rev. Robert Burnet, President ; W. Saunders, Vice- President ; D. W. Beadle, Secretary ; A. B. Bennett. Pennsylvania — Pennsylvania Horticultural So- ciety.— Wm. L. Schaffer, President ; Robert Buist, Vice-President; A. W. Harrison, Secretary; Thos. Median, Corresponding Secretary ; Wm. Hacker, Josiah Hoopes, Chas. H. Miller, Sam'l W. Noble, T. T. Mather, Robert Scott, Christopher Wetherill. State Agricidtural Society. — Wm. S. Bissell. Fruit Groivers' Society. — Abner Hoopes, Chas. E. Heister. Quebec — Charles Gibb. Rhode Island — Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry. — Ex-Gov. J. Y. Smith, Hon. Edw. D. Pearce, Hon. J. H. Bourn, Capt. C. B. Manches- ter, Silas Moore. Rhode Island Horticultural Society. — Robert Cushman, B. W. Ham. Woonsocket Agri- cultural Society. — J. P. Childs, Arnold Wakefield, G. A. Wilbur, H. S. Mansfield, Amos Sherman, R. Gillson. South Carolina — B. F. Wickersham. Tennessee — West Tennessee Fruit Growers' Associ- ation.— B. F. Transou. Vermont — J. G. Elder, Z. E. Jameson, Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Editor Vermont Farmer, H. L. Hurlbut. Virginia — Norfolk Horticultural and Pomological Society. — G. F. B. Leighton, President ; Geo. B. Wil- son. Virginia Horticultural and Pomological Society. W. H. Haxall, Franklin Davis. Amherst County Horticultural Society. — Sam'l Patterson, Edw. Daniels, Editor State Journal, W. W. Pierson. TREASURER S REPORT. 33 Treasurer1 s Report. Cambridge, September lOtli, 1873. To the President and Members of the American Pomological Society: Gentlemen,— I submit a statement of the reeeipts and dis- bursements of the funds of the Association, as the Treasurer, for the term 1871-1873, viz. : 1871. Sept. 8. 1871. Sept. 7. STATEMENT. Receipts. 1873. To balance on hand per report, . To cash received for premiums offered by the Society, viz. : Virginia State Agricultural Society, for best collection of fruit Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester, N. Y., for best collection of apples, . Marshall P. Wilder. Boston, for best collec tion of pears, Chas. Downing, Newburgh, N. Y., for best collection of American grapes, Thomas P. James, Philadelphia, Pa., for best collection of peaches, Gen. R. S. Page, Norfolk, Va., for bes Flowers grape, .... G. F. B. Leighton, Norfolk, Va., at the dis posal of the Society, C. D. Barbot, Norfolk, Va., for best Scup pernong wine, ..... L. Berkeley, Norfolk, Va., for best Flow ers grape wine, .... W. H. C. Lovett, Norfolk, Va., for best dried figs, Hon. Jno. B. Whitehead, Norfolk, Va., for best Scuppernong grapes, W. S. Butt, Norfolk, Va., for best figs, and at disposal of the Society, H. M. Smith, Richmond, Va., for bes cider apples, Downard Anderson & Co., Richmond, Va. for best Norton grapes, . Chas. T. Worthen & Co., Richmond, Va. for best Delaware grapes, S. Zetelle, Richmond, Va., for best twelve peaches, Southern Fertilizer Co., at the disposal of the Society, Rudolph & English, Richmond, Va., at the disposal of the Society, . Smith, Clark & Powell, Syracuse, N. Y for best ten pears J. S. Downer & Son, Fairview, Ky., for best Kentucky apples, Sept. 10. To cash received of thirty-two life mem bers, $10.00 each To cash received of fifteen life members, $20 each, To cash received of nineteen biennial mem bers, $2 each, To cash received of fifty-six biennial mem bers, $4 each, To cash received of a member, extra, $124 16 100 00 60 00 60 00 50 00 30 00 10 00 20 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 5 00 20 00 5 00 10 00 25 00 320 00 300 00 38 00 224 00 1 00 $1,482 16 1873. Aug. 26. 1871. Sept. 9 Disbursements. By cash paid to successful competitors for premiums, viz. : Kansas State Agriculture, for best collec- tion of fruit, ..... John Hopkins, Wilmington, N. C, for bes Scuppernong grapes, Mrs. C. II. Rowland, for best figs, J. W. Porter, Charlotteville, Va., for bes Norton grapes, .... Michigan State Pomological Society, for best Delaware grapes, Dollins & Bro., Albemarle Co., Va., for col lection of apples, .... By cash paid Henry Mitchell for sinking the medal die, By cash paid for striking 5 silver medals and 5 bronze medals, .... By cash paid for 5 medal cases, . By cash paid F. R. Elliott, balance of sal- ary as Secretary, term 1869-71, By cash refunded F. R. Elliott, for circu- lars and postage stamps, .... Dec. 14. By cash paid F. R. Elliott on acct. of sal- ary, by order of President, By cash paid for printing and paper of cir- culars to members By cash paid freight from Philadelphia and from Cleveland to Cambridge, By cash paid Fairbanks, Benedict & Co., for paper, printing, etc., etc., of the proceed- ings of the 13th session of the Society, 600 copies, 1873. Sept. 10. By cash paid for postage on proceedings, on circulars and on letters, . By cash paid for labor and paper for en veloping, and paper for corresponding, By cash paid for printing and paper of re turn passes on railroads, . By balance on hand, .... $20 00 'JO (III 5 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 250 00 37 00 3 50 50 00 11 00 100 00 4 50 25 70 675 00 42 04 8 85 5 50 294 07 $1,482 16 Respectfully submitted, THOS. P. JAMES, Treasurer. Acknowledgment of Donations.— The following competitors have generously relinquished to the Society the premiums awarded to them, viz.: The Nebraska State Horticultural Society, for best collec- tion of fruit, $100 00 The Iowa State Horticultural Society, for best collection of apples, 50 00 Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester, N. Y., for best collection of pears 50 00 George Hooper, Wilmington, N. C, for best Scuppernong wine 20 00 Dr. A. P. Wylie, Chester, S. C, for best hybrid grapes, . 5 00 E. W. Furnas, Nebraska, for seedling grapes, . . 5 00 California State Horticultural Society, for a collection of • fruits, . . 10 00 $240 00 34 REVISION OF CATALOGUE. Report of Committee on Revision of the Catalogue. Mr. Barry, of New York, next read the report of the Committee on Revision of the Catalogue. The Committee on the Revision of the Society's Catalogue of Fruits respectfully report that, shortly after the adjournment of the last biennial session, held in Richmond, Virginia, in 1871, a circular was issued calling a meeting of the committee at Roches- ter, New York. The meeting was accordingly held on the 21st of November, 1871, all the members being present except P. J. Berckmans, of Georgia, and Geo. Hussman, of Missouri. Mr. Berckmans communicated his views very fully in writing. After a careful examination and comparison of the various plans submitted, it was finally agreed to adopt the one which has been incorporated with the last volume of transactions. The difference between this and former editions consists in the following : 1st. The former editions represented only twenty- four (24) States and the Canadas ; the new one forty- seven (47) States and Territories, besides Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. 2d. In the old editions the States and Districts were placed over the columns in alphabetical order. In the new they are grouj>ed into three divisions — Northern, Central and Southern. This brings to- gether the States and Territories most alike in cli- mate and productions. 3d. The descriptive columns are increased in the new edition, as, for instance, in apples and pears there are seven columns, instead of two in the old. To give sufficient space for fifty columns for States and seven for description — 57 columns in all — besides the names of the fruits and corresponding numbers, with a margin for remarks, a very wide page was necessary, and hence the adoption of the present form and size. The original design was to make up the catalogue in two parts or divisions, as stated in the first edition. In that case we could have adhered to the former size, but the majority of the committee preferred the present plan. The chief defect in the form of the present catalogue Note.— The following successful competitors have generously re- linquished, for the benefit of the Society, the amount of the pre- miums awarded to them at the Quarter-Centennial at Boston, 1873: Nebraska State Horticultural Society, for best collection of apples, ........ $50 00 Kansas State Horticultural Society, for second best Society collection of apples, . . . . . . 25 00 Connecticut State Board of Agriculture, for second best Society collection of pears, . . . . . 25 00 Carried forward, .... $100 00 is in the closeness of the columns ; this can be obviated by dispensing with the marginal remarks, and perhaps some of the descriptive columns. The intention was to have the columns wide enough for convenient reference. The lists of varieties were all carefully revised. Some varieties, having but one or two local recom- mendations, were stricken out, and others of estab- lished merit added. In some of the fruits, the varie- ties in the new are more numerous than in the old, and in the others less ; for instance, apples are increased from 175 to 188 varieties ; pears decreased from 117 to 91 ; apricots, peaches, plums and foreign grapes are slightly increased ; all the others decrease, showing that the general tendency is to diminish numbers. In the old edition of the catalogue there were but two indications of merit — the single and double star ; a third is now added — the dagger — to indicate new varieties of great promise. In the early years of the Society an attempt was made to construct a catalogue of fruits for general cul- tivation, but the differences of climate and other cir- cumstances affecting fruit culture soon made it apparent that this work was impracticable. Two adjoining States could not agree upon the same list. Hence the adoption of the present plan. To prepare a catalogue of fruits that will indicate with tolerable accuracy the most valuable and povjular fruits of all the fruit-growing districts of our vast country, with its diversified climate, soil and other circumstances, is a work of considerable magnitude and importance. This Society has been the first to attempt such a work — a beginning has been made; the foundation is laid, and its practicability, we think, has been demonstrated ; but time, labor, and the active co-operation of local societies, fruit growers and po- mologists in every part of the country will be needed to carry it forward to completion. Marshall P. Wilder, Pres. ex officio, Patrick Barry, Rochester, N. Y., F. R. Elliott, Cleveland, O., Chas. Downing, Newburgh, N. Y., W. C. Flagg, Alton, 111., Robert Manning, Salem, Mass., George Hussman, Bluffton, Mo., P. J. Berckmans, Augusta, Ga., Committee. Brought forward, .... $10000 Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester, N. T., for best individual collection of pears, . . . . . . 50 00 George B. Durfee, Fall River, Mass., for best grapes grown under glass, ....... 50 00 Ontario Fruit Growers' Association, viz.: Best collection of native grapes, . . . 50 00 Second beet collection of peaches, . . . 25 00 Best collection of plums, . . . . . 50 00 $325 00 COMMITTEE ON MEDAL. 35 Report of Committee on Medal. The Committee appointed to procure a design for a medal of the Society and cause a die to be made, made the following report read by Thos. P. James : At the thirteenth session of the American Pomo- logical Society, held in 1871, it was thought desira- ble that the premiums of the Society should be given in the form of medals; and whereas some of the funds offered for premiums generously contributed by friends of the Society had not been awarded, the fol- lowing resolution was adopted, viz. : That all such moneys and such other sums as may be acquired by donation be, and they are here- by appropriated for the purpose of procuring a die for a medal of the Society. Whereupon the under- signed were appointed a committee to procure such a die. Your committee have the honor to report that the wishes of the Society have been carried out, and a die bearing the likeness of our President has been pre- pared, which they confidently hope will receive the approval of the Society ; and your committee beg that, in honor of the worthy President of our Society, who has devoted more than one-third of his lifetime to its interests, the medal shall be known as, and styled, " The Wilder Medal" Respectfully submitted, John Whitehead. P. J. Berckmans. Thos. P. James. The report was accepted, and the recommendation adopted with hearty satisfaction. President Wilder. — My Friends, — Language is utterly inadequate to express my gratitude for this token of regard by the Society. And when I recol- lect that this impress will soon be laid aside, not to be recognized again, I confess that this dedication is grateful to me. I accept it with pleasure, and thank you for your vote. [Applause.] The next place for holding the regular meeting of the Society came up for discussion. Mr. Schaffer suggested a suspension of the usual Biennial Meeting of 1875, and that one be held in con- nection with the Centennial Exposition at Philadel- phia in 1876, but the feeling being generally expressed that this would be too long a period between sessions, Mr. Schaffer's motion was withdrawn. Dr. Howsley moved that the next meeting be held at Chicago. Your finest fruit on exhibition to-day has come from the West. Now come West to our Hub of Fruits. Parker Earle said, — Dr. Howsley has relieved the Illinois delegates from the necessity of a special invita- tion. Her delegates were not specially authorized to in- vite the Society formally to that city. Chicago is the Metropolis of Illinois, and also the West, and all the Western States will feel we are complimenting them, if we meet at Chicago, and, I assure you, you will be warmly received. After considerable further discussion by the mem- bers, the question of holding the next meeting at Chicago was proposed, and unanimously adopted. Mr. Schaffer proposed that there be held a special and extra session of the Society three years from now in 1876, in Philadelphia, at the Centennial Exhi- bition. Mr. Quinn would add to this the amendment, that in case of obstacles of By-Laws of the Society, the ex- ecutive committee be authorized to carry out the wishes of the Society in this respect. Motions carried, and Society adjourned for the day, most of the members visiting Music Hall, and enjoy- ing the rare and tasteful collections of flowers and ornamental plants. THURSDAY— MORNING SESSION. At an early hour in the morning a majority of the delegates of the Society took their departure in four open cars of the Highland Horse Rail Road, for the residence of Wm. Gray, Jr. After a cordial welcome and the partaking of breakfast in his elegant mansion, the guests were shown over the extensive and beauti- fully planted grounds, and enjoyed, for several hours, a ramble over the smooth lawn, among the pleasantly shaded walks, and beheld not only rare plants, but peculiarly ornamental combinations in sub-tropical gardening. Returning from their visit highly de- lighted, the assembly met in Wesleyan Hall at 10 o'clock, and was opened for business by the intro- duction of the following resolution from Mr. Schaffer: Resolved, That the thanks of the American Pomo logical Society be tendered to Wm. Gray, Jr., for his elegant hospitality extended to its members, as well as for his kind offices in showing us over his beauti- ful place. The Secretary then read an invitation from the New Jersey State Agricultural Society to the mem- bers to visit their exhibition, which would be held there next week. The President then nominated the General Fruit Committees, for the various States. [See list of offi- cers.] President Wilder then announced that he had re- ceived a request from the northern part of Vermont, that a Committee on Crab Apples should be appointed. Thousands of trees are producing very abundantly in that section, and it is a topic of great interest. The chair therefore assigns the subject to the Com- mittee on Apples, who will take the supervision of it. Reports of Committees. J. J. Thomas, chairman, presented the following report from the Committee on "REJECTED FRUITS AND SYNONYMS." The Committee on Synonyms and on Rejected Fruits, in presenting a partial report, ask leave to offer a few considerations which seem appropriate in the present state of Pomological knowledge, as a rea- son for varying somewhat from the course which, from their appointment, might be expected from them. During the early period of fruit culture in the country, a long list of varieties was regarded as a special merit in any collection, and the nursery-man who could present the largest catalogue stood at the head of his profession. This led to the cultivation of many sorts of little value, and it became an ob- ject of importance to separate the valuable from the worthless. Lists of rejected fruits, as well as of those worthy of general and particular cultivation, were then required as guides for the novice. A great change has taken place of later years, and collections of fruits for profit, as well as for home use, have been reduced to a few select sorts, the amateur and pomologist only desiring a wider range. The nursery-man no longer desires to present a formidable array of names, but those only of fruits of real value. The lists which are now wanted, are of such sorts as the cultivators may plant for use. Rejected lists are no longer in- quired for. In a recent letter from Charles Downing, in answer to inquiries on this subject, he remarks : " It is difficult to determine what fruits should be in- cluded in such lists, because what is poor in one pdace is good in another. In fact, it is hard to name an apple that some one would not like. Some years since, the American Pomological Society rejected the Alexander ; now many say it is the most profitable apple of the season. Also, Dodge's Early Red, which is Sops-of-Wine, and which you know is quite popu- lar. The Blenheim Pippin was rejected, which is esteemed by several growers who know what good apples are, besides some other rejected sorts named in the list." Robert Manning writes on this subject, " that the fact that there has been little or no call for a list of Rejected Fruits, since the last elaborate re- port by Mr. Cabot, shows that none is wanted." The committee is therefore of the opinion, that really worthless varieties will, from their own want of value, find their proper level and be forgotten, and REPORTS AND DISCUSSIONS. 37 that it will not be necessary to make a list or memo- randum to help us forget them. A much more important and larger class of fruits consist of the many hundreds which the Society has neither placed on its list of valuable nor on its re- jected list, and the public may wish to know what we have to say about them, but this matter does not belong to the present committee. The other department of the committee's labor, namely, the determination of correct Synonyms, ap- pears to be a subject of much importance. The discussion at our meetings will doubtless bring out many, from time to time, and it will be useful for committees to collect the facts brought to light and present them in condensed form. As a contribution of this character, the committee has been favored with the following list from Charles Downing, as the result of some of his examinations of local names : Boston Pippin is a Synonym of Golden Pippin (p. 195, Downing) ; Belle Hose is a Synonym of Pri- mate ; Conic June is a Synonym of Kirkbridge White ; Copps' Mammoth is a Synonym of Gloria Mundi ; Early Baldwin is a Synonym of Primate ; English King is a Synonym of Alexander ; Highland Pippin is a Synonym of Primate ; Lodge's Early is a Synonym of Summer Rose ; Montgomery Sweet is a Synonym of Autumn Sweet Bough; Shelborne Sweet is a Synonym of Spice Sweet ; Tennessee Early Red is a Synonym of Early Strawberry ; Whitewater Sweet is a Synonym of Wells Sweet ; Yellow May Pippin is a Synonym of White Juneating; the cel- ebrated Southern Hoover is Black Coal. In relation to the Synonyms of Pears, Charles Downing adds : " A few days since, on examining some fruits, the grafts of which came from M. Mas, of France, I find the Nana pear is our Manning's Elizabeth, which was one of Van Mon's unnamed seedlings sent, I think, to Mr. Manning. There are many new Synonyms of pears, and many old ones that are incorrect, and the different authors disagree about them. There is so much confusion that I am not prepared to say which is correct, but am trying to unravel the matter." On behalf of the Committee, J. J. Thomas, Chairman. REPORT OF GENERAL FRUIT COMMITTEE. The President then called upon Mr. Barry, Chair- man of the General Fruit Committee, for a report. Mr. Barry. — In behalf of the committee, I would state that, early in the spring, I sent a circular to the chairmen of the different State committees, request- ing them to take steps at an early day to procure re- ports from their States. In response to that circular, I have received reports from twenty or more States. These reports I have not been able to prepare for publication ; they are just as received from the chair- men of the various State committees. Some of these reports are remarkably interesting and instructive, and some of them contain a great deal of matter which will have to be expunged before they are printed ; for instance, unnecessary descriptions of old fruits. I move that they be referred to the proper committee, to be prepared for publication. [Agreed to.] Discussion of Fruits. The President suggested that the Society proceed to the next point in order of business, viz., the Dis- cussion of the Fruits. The assent of three persons from each State would be necessary to agree to any change in published lists. Mr. Hexambe, of New York. — It seems to me that a great deal of useful time is lost in this "starring" business, for many States and Territories have but one delegate, and some none at all. It seems to me it would be much more practically done, if the chair- man of each State committee would send out these blanks to the prominent fruit growers of his State, and let them consider this list, and return it, and then he could make out his catalogue. Mr. Baery, of New York. — I think the gentleman is perfectly right, and the practice of starring these varieties that he recommends is the very one that has been followed, with the exception of a very few rec- ommendations made at one or two of the last meet- ings. These State reports are expected to give all the information necessary in regard to the value of these varieties. These reports show which varieties should be starred, single, double, or whatever it may he. Mr. Bey ant, of Illinois. — In our State, we have three distinct districts — the northern, southern and central. Fruits which do very well in the northern and central parts of the State do not succeed in the southern part, and vice versa. We must, therefore, have three representatives here, one from each of these districts, to make the information obtained of any value, and these we have not got. The Peesident. — The reports of the State com- mittees are our main reliance, and upon them we must ever depend. Subject of Awarding Premiums. The question of the policy of awarding premiums by the Society, was introduced by the President in the following words : " Let me say here that, formerly, 38 AWARDING PREMIUMS. we awarded no premiums. We brought our fruits for examination without competition; but at Phila- delphia large premiums were awarded by the Phila- delphia Society to exhibitors, and so at Richmond ; and I confess that I felt a little sensitive about having Boston take the initiative in backing out. But we have extended our invitation, and you have come up here in large numbers. I solicited the $1100 which is offered for premiums and medals, not that I wished to have it understood as an expression of my opinion in favor of premiums, but that Boston might do as well as other cities have done ; and here I leave the sub- ject. But I think it should be settled, now and for- ever, what the policy of this Society shall be in rela- tion to the award of premiums." Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — I offer the following motion : Resolved, That the American Pomological Society shall never offer or award premiums for anything brought before it. This motion was seconded by several delegates. Mr. Barry, of New York. — I am in favor of the adoption of that resolution. I think that is the true policy for this Society to pursue, and I believe it has pursued it so far. I think this Society has never yet offered a premium for fruits. The first pre- miums that were offered in any way, directly or in- directly, at these exhibitions, were offered at Phila- delphia. The Society had no control over that matter. The Pennsylvania Horticultural Society offered those prizes in connection with our meeting. We could not prevent it. It was an act of courtesy and liber- ality on the part of that Society, and that people, and all we could do was to accept it with thanks. When we went to Richmond, the Richmond Horti- cultural Society did the same thing. We. could not prevent that. When we voted to come to Boston, some of the wealthy gentlemen of Boston, in the same spirit that had been manifested at Philadelphia and at Richmond, raised a fund for premiums. We could not say to them that they should not do it. It was an act of courtesy and liberality on their part over which we had no control. All we can do is to thank them for bringing here this magnificent exhi- bition of fruits, without any cost to us. But the true policy for us is, just the policy which we have pursued up to this time, not to offer premiums. Our Society is in a great measure a scientific society. We come here out of pure love of the science, not to compete with one another for premiums. We leave that to other societies. While I am up I will say a word in reference to the medal that was ordered at Richmond. That medal, sir, I hold should be awarded to meritorious persons — to the discoverers of new and valuable fruits, or new methods of cultivation of fruit trees, or for the prevention of disease or insects, or something of that kind ; it should not be offered for fruits, except new fruits. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — Allow me, in support of the motion I have made, to state that the object of this Society has been, from its organization, the de- velopment of fruit culture, the comjiarison of fruits grown in different parts of this nation, brought to- gether for the purpose of showing the influence of climate, soil and cultivation upon the same variety in different portions of the country, to settle doubtful questions in regard to them, and to cultivate a cor- dial feeling of brotherly love one toward another. Our fruits are here to show for themselves, but we deprecate the feeling that would be engendered by the competition for prizes. I hope, therefore, it will be stopped just here, and go no further. (Loud applause.) The President. — The prizes now offered must be awarded. Mr. Barry, of New York. — That is understood ; that the action of the Society is only to take effect after this meeting. Mr. Harrison, of Pennsylvania. — It seems to me very ungracious to refuse such premiums as are offered by societies and individuals for the purpose of stim- ulating horticulture in such away as may be desired. These premiums are offered by the Massachusetts So- ciety for Promoting Agriculture, and by six gentlemen, under the auspices of this Society simply. The object of the resolution offered is to prevent competition in the Society, which I am entirely in favor of; but when societies or private persons are disposed to offer money for the promotion of the interests of Horticulture, it seems to me the Society should be ready to accept it. The President. — The chair would be very much obliged to Mr. Harrison if he would offer a resolution of thanks to the Massachusetts Society and to those gentlemen who have contributed, which is assuredly deserved. Mr. Harrison, of Pennsylvania. — I beg to offer my thanks to you, sir, for the suggestion, and I would move that the thanks of the American Pomological Society be tendered to the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture and to those gentlemen who have so liberally given of their funds for the advance- ment of our cause. The resolution was adopted, unanimously. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas, then modified his resolu- tion, to read as follows : Resolved, That the American Pomological Society shall at no time offer money premiums for the exhibi- tion of fruit during any of its sessions. It is under- STARRING OF FRUITS — DISCUSSION ON FRUITS. 39 stood, however, that this action shall not interfere with awarding the Wilder medal to meritorious objects. Mr. Adams, of Iowa. — This Society has never offered any premiums, but it has awarded premiums of money offered by other persons. I would move to amend the resolution by striking out the word "offer," and inserting " award." I think that would meet the sentiments of gentlemen present. The question was then put, and the resolution of Dr. Howsley adopted, without dissent. Starring of Fruits. The President. — I call upon you to settle the Rules by which we shall proceed with the discussion. How shall we Star the Fruits ? Mr. Barry, of New York. — I think that some of the starring of the catalogue that has been done at our meetings has not been quite judicious, and my impression is that we should follow the plan that we adopted originally, not to star the catalogue at our meetings, but to state the merits of the different va- rieties, as we understand them — whether they are good, very good, or the best, and I therefore offer this motion : Resolved, That hereafter the starring of varieties of fruits in the Society's Catalogue shall be fixed by the Fruit Committee, taking the Discussions of Meet- ings and State Reports, as their guides. P. T. Quinn. — I second Mr. Barry's motion with gratitude. The resolution will produce great good, and, if adopted, will give us a catalogue that can be relied on, and enable us to make it the greatest Po- mological authority of the Continent. The President. — I desire to say, that the plan pro- posed by Mr. Barry, the original plan, is the true one. When you bring thirty or more States together, and hear the various reports in relation to a certain point, you get all the information to be received on the spot. Then, when the reports of the various State committees and local associations come in, the Chairman of the General Fruit Committee has all the material that can be obtained. That is the true way. The record is easily kept, and then the com- mittee can prepare a catalogue that may be relied upon. It is simple, it is effective, and I approve of it entirely. I believe you understand it, that here- after in our discussions there is to be no starring. Gentlemen will express their opinions in relation to various kinds of fruit, a record will be made, and from that, and the information acquired from State and local reports, and whatever other material is ac- cessible, the General Fruit Committee will do the starring themselves. Discussion on Fruits. Before proceeding with the discussion, the follow- ing resolution was offered and accepted : Resolved, That no member can occupy the time of the meeting with remarks, unless the standing of each variety is to be altered for better or worse, or some new variety to be added. DISCUSSION ON APPLES. Alexander Apple. — W. S. Carpenter, of New York. — I have 20 trees, in various locations, on heavy and light soil. I esteem it as a valuable apple. It brings a high price in the market. Dr. Hamilton, of Nova Scotia. — It is often picked too early. Let it remain on the tree as long as it will, then pick it. It will keep well, and be a very good apple. Summer Pearmain. — Carpenter, of New York. — Is worthless with me on light soil. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Is worthless with me on clay soil. Hooker, of New York. — Worthless with me in Western New York. Poor grower and very inferior looking. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — One of the best apples we have. We grow it on rich alluvial soil. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana.- — I see no stars for it in Louisiana or Mississippi. I think it entitled to two. Beauty of Kent. — Carpenter, of New York. — I esteem it one of the most valuable apples in cultiva- tion, and I have a large orchard. Ben Davis, New York Pippin. — Dr. Swasey. — I would give it one star in Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. It is an apple to be recommended for the South. Benoni. — Copp, of New Hampshire. — In the Northern part of New Hampshire I consider it one of the most valuable apples that can be cultivated. The tree is hardy, and the fruit of excellent quality. Mark Miller, of Iowa. — The same remarks will apply also to Central Iowa. D. W. Adams, of Iowa. — In the Northern part of Iowa the climate is so severe, the tree winter-kills and blights. In Central and Southern Iowa, does very well. Bohannan. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana.— It should receive one star in Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi. Does very well. Buckingham. — Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — It is one of the finest varieties grown on the alluvial soil of 40 DISCUSSION ON APPLES. Kansas. A leading variety. The Synonyms for it are numerous. Fall Queen of Kentucky, Eqiiinelely, Ladies' Favorite, Frankfort Queen, Blackburn, etc. This apple originated in Buckingham County, Virginia; was taken to North Carolina. When it fruited it was called Buckingham, from the county of its origin in Virginia. From North Carolina it traveled through the South under the name of Buckingham. Dr. Swasey. — Fall Queen of Kentucky is valuable at the South, hut not so valuable as the Bachelor. The Buckingham, as I know it, is not worth a straw. B. F. Teansou, of Tennessee. — The Buckingham is one of the best fall apples in Tennessee, also in North Carolina. It is also known there as Never Fail. Carpenter, of New York. — I have fruited it for several years. Is very promising. Bears heavily every year in Eastern New York. Carolina Red June. — D. W. Adams, of Iowa. — The Iowa State Horticultural Society rejected it from its list at its winter meeting of 1872. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — It should have three stars for the South. Mark Miller, of Iowa. — Throw away one-half of the crop, and then it will bear better than the average of other varieties. Carpenter, of New York. — It seems to be adapted to Eastern New York — a very fine fruit. P. Barry, of New York. — Succeeds very well in Western New York. A. S. Fuller. — Splendid at the West, all through its season. B. F. Transou, of Tennessee. — One of the most popular apples in Eastern Tennessee. Hape, of Georgia. — Succeeds well in Georgia. J. J. Thomas, of New York. — In Western New York, on strong soil, it was very fine, but became so scabby that I rejected it. A. Bryant, Sr., of Illinois. — It was popular in the Northern half of the State of Illinois for some years ; is now very generally rejected. Mendenhall, of Indiana. — In many parts of In- diana it is so scabby that it cannot be cultivated. Stayman, of Kansas. — Succeeds well in Kansas. Chenango Strawberry (Sherwood's Favorite). — Dr. Hamilton, of Nova Scotia. — Very good with us. Mark Miller, of Iowa. — Succeeds well in Central Iowa. Cogswell ( Walbridge, Mahaska). — Adams, of Iowa. — The apple cultivated in Wisconsin under the name of Walbridge is entirely distinct from the Cogsivell. One bears the winter well, while the other ( Cogsivell) winter kills. The Walbridge is a longer keeper and a more hardy tree, and the habits of the two trees are decidedly distinct. Cole's Quince. — Stayman, of Kansas. — One of the best in Kansas. Miller, of Iowa. — One of the best in Central Iowa. Cornell's Fancy. — Meehan, of Pennsylvania. — It is one of those apples the trees of which bear young and constantly every year. Carpenter, of New York. — Very valuable in East- ern New York, bearing every year. First quality. Danvers1 Winter Sweet. — Auger, of Connecticut. — Does not do well in Connecticut. Dominie. — Dr. Swasey. — A perfect failure in the South. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Nearly worthless in Western Massachusetts from overbearing. Fruit is all small. Carpenter, of New York. — Worthless with me. Stayman, of Kansas. — Liked very much in Kansas. Miller, of Iowa. — A great bearer in Central Iowa. Tree hardy. Duchess of Oldenburgh. — Adams, of Iowa. — One of the very best we have in Northern Iowa ; reliable. You could hardly give it too many stars. Miller, of Iowa. — The same for Central Iowa. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Succeeds well in the South. Stayman, of Kansas. — One of the best in Kansas. Moody. — One of the best in Western New York. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Best apple in its season with which I am acquainted. Early Harvest. — Dr. Swasey. — Best early apple in the South. Hape, of Georgia. — Does well in Central Georgia. Quinn, of New Jersey. — Good in New Jersey. Copp, of New Hampshire. — Utterly worthless in New Hampshire. Stayman, of Kansas. — One of the best we have. Earle, of Massachusetts. — One of the best in New England. Miller, of Iowa. — Very shy bearer in Central Iowa. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — For profit, it is one of the finest known. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Good for nothing on clay ; needs our best and warmest localities, and rich, warm soil. Auger, of Connecticut. — Needs rich treatment, high culture, warm soil. Fuller, of New Jersey. — Ninety-nine out of every one hundred farmers will take Early Harvest. DISCUSSION ON APPLES. 41 Moody, of New York. — Not worth- cultivating in Western New York. Bryant, of Illinois. — Only a moderate bearer in Northern Illinois, but it is an apple we can not afford to do without. Early Pennoch. — Miller, of Iowa. — Does well in Iowa. Dr. Swasey. — One of the nicest in the South. Foote, of Massachusetts. — The Early Straicberry, Early Harvest, Sweet Bough, and some other varieties that have originated considerably south of our lati- tude, fail in Massachusetts, unless under very favora- ble circumstances. Esopus Spitzenberg. — Carpenter, of New York. — Does not do well in Eastern New York. Auger, of Connecticut. — Nor in Connecticut. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — Have never succeeded with either tree or fruit in Kansas. Stayman, of Kansas. — Blights very much, in Kansas. Bryant. — Worthless in Illinois. Copp, of New Hampshire. — Old trees grafted, have borne very bountifully. With care, succeed as well as the Baldwin. Fallawater (Farnwalder Tulpekocken). — Adams, of Iowa. — I do not know any place where it succeeds. Nearly all the trees in the State were killed last win- ter. Strike it from the Catalogue. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — On high magnesian limestone regions, it is one of the most beautiful, fair- est, largest, and most productive apples we have. Quinn, of New Jersey. — Does splendidly in New Jersey. Carpenter. — Lately introduced into New York, and does splendidly — one of the most promising apples. Mendenhall. — Could not do without it in Indi- ana. It is not an apple of first-rate quality, but it is large and sells well. Auger, of Connecticut. — It is popular throughout our State, bearing every year — always large, smooth and handsome, but not of first quality. Fall Pippin. — Carpenter, of New York. — Was once a rejected variety, but for three years past has borne very heavily. Is now growing in favor, and becoming one of our popular apples. Adams, of Iowa. — Can not be grown with profit in Iowa. A few raise the trees for family use. Moody, of New York. — This year it is exceedingly fine in Western New York — very few apples as good, but we can not depend upon it. Fuller, of New Jersey. — Twenty-five years ago it was one of our leading fruits. 6 Loveland, of Connecticut. — In Connecticut, in or- chards that have been standing fifty years, it bears alternate years — nice, handsome fruit, most delicious in its season. Turner, of Connecticut. — Very best in Hattfoid. Foote, of Massachusetts. — In my section, on clay, it is worthless — on warm soil, good. J. J. Thomas, of New York. — Thirty or forty years ago, in Western New York, it was exceedingly fine and large. One specimen which I saw, weighed as high as twenty-three ounces. It has receded in character, and is now exceedingly variable. Those large specimens were grown on decidedly heavy soil. Carpenter, of New York. — On heavy clay soil, I have seen it as fine as I ever saw anywhere. Bryant, of Illinois. — It is almost always fine, but the tree is uniformly a shy bearer in Illinois. Stayman, of Kansas. — Not popular in Kansas. Tree grows well, tolerably hardy, but not profitable. Starr, of Nova Scotia. — Not profitable in Nova Scotia. Very apt to spot there on any soil. About once in ten years we get good crops. Auger, of Connecticut. — Bather variable in Con- necticut. On rich, strong soil, with good management, it is very fine, but if trees are neglected, becomes scabby and worthless. P. Barry, of New York. — I think it is unsafe to come to any conclusion about a variety doing well or badly on certain soils. If you discuss that question, you will find the most contradictory evidence. One cultivator will state that a variety has done very poorly on heavy soil, and his neighbor will say that with him it has succeeded remarkably well on heavy soil. Generally speaking, statements about soils are not reliable. If a soil is dry, I think it does not matter much whether it is pretty heavy or pretty light. Fameuse (Pomme de Neige, Snow Apple). — Carpen- ter, of New York. — Worthless with me, or nearly so. Starr, of Nova Scotia. — Requires careful culti- vation in Nova Scotia, or it will have black spots upon it. Auger, of Connecticut. — Good in Connecticut, gen- erally. Stayman. — Excellent in Kansas. Sawyer, of Maine. — Very good in Southern and Central Maine. Bryant, of Illinois. — One of our best fall apples. Adams, of Iowa. — It is the most profitable apple, if fine, that we have in the northern part of Iowa. Copp, of New Hampshire. — A very fine apple in New Hampshire. Turner, of Connecticut. — Very fine in Central Connecticut. 42 DISCUSSION ON APPLES. Golden Russet of Western New York. — Adams, of Iowa. — Considerably subject to twig or fire bligbt, on ricbest land; otherwise generally reliable in Iowa. Dr. Swasey. — Succeeds very well at the South. Foote, of Massachusetts. — It is exceedingly diffi- cult to identify the true Golden Russet. I have had specimens from half a dozen locations, in three or four States. Either the same apples differ very much in different localities, so as to make it very difficult to distinguish them, or else there are several sorts tbat resemble each other. J. J. Thomas. — The Golden Russet of Western _N"ew York, is booked incorrectly by some authors as the English Golden Russet. It is distinguished from all others by its peculiar speckled shoots. Carpenter, of New York. — Is it distinct from the Poughheepsie Russet ? P. Barry. — The one called the Poughheepsie Russet is what I know as the English Russet. The speckled shoots in the Golden Russet distinguish it. Judge French, of Massachusetts. — What we know as the Hunt Russet in this neighborhood, originated in Concord, Massachusetts, where I reside. It has been known there a great many years, bears abun- dantly, and is a very fine fruit. Not large size, uni- form russet color, oblong, remarkably light, so that you notice, by picking it up, that it is different from other apples. I never saw it grow well in any other place except in the neighborhood of Concord. Years ago, when I lived in Exeter, New Hampshire, I car- ried some of the trees there, and grafted other trees with it, but I could not raise either the tree or the apple, where most other varieties flourished. I think the Hunt apple is not the apple that has been de- scribed. Auger, of Connecticut. — The American Golden Russet is much esteemed in some parts of Connecticut. P. Barry. — That is not the apple under discussion. Golden Russet of Massachusetts. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — We have three Russets with us, the Golden Russet of Western New York, described by Barry, the Hunt or Massachusetts Russet, described by Mr. French, and the Poughkeepsie or English Russet. They all succeed with us, but none so well as the Golden Russet of Western New York. There has been a Golden Russet cultivated in the West considerably, called the New England Golden Russet, to distinguish it from the English Golden Russet. Bryant. — The New England Russet can be distin- guished from the English Russet by a splash of dull red on one side. Is grown very much with us in Illinois. It has a very distinct flavor, and the trees are likewise quite distinct. Golden Sweet. — Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — I ob- tained this apple in 1837, from McKendrick of No- nantum Hill, near here, under the name of the Sawyer Sweet. I also obtained an apple under the name of Orange Sweet. I have trees of both varieties growing side by side, and they are fruiting now. They are distinct in tree and fruit, as distinct as apples can be, except that they are both sweet, yet the books put them the same. I have had the trees growing side by side for the last thirty-five years, and they are entirely distinct except in color. They are of differ- ent shape and ripen four weeks apart. The Orange Sweet has dark to grayish brown shoots, with a heavy growth, while the Golden Sweet has much lighter shoots, but makes a fine spreading top tree. The Golden Sweet is round, with a moderately long stem, while the Orange Sweet has a heavy, thick stem. The Orange Sweet ripens, in Kansas, from the last week in August to the first week in September, while the Golden Sweet ripens the last week in July or the first week in August. They are both fine apples, and I wish the matter to be corrected, because I got them here, and here is where the difficulty can be unraveled. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Is the Orange Sweet earlier or later than Sawyer Sweet ? Dr. Howsley. — The Orange Sweet is earlier than Sawyer Sioeet. Foote. — They are very distinct fruits. The Or- ange Sweet is often known here as the Siceet Belle et Bonne. It is a larger apple than the Golden Sweet, colored as you describe, several weeks later, and a coarser apple in flesh than the true Golden Sweet. Turner, of Connecticut. — The Golden Siveet, for more than half a century, has been raised in Hartford and vicinity. It is a fruit as well known and generally esteemed as any other apple. We esteem it one of the best early sweet apples. It is large and fine, good flavor, sweet juice, and for baking is unsurpassed. Carpenter, of New York. — I have the Golden Sweet known in Connecticut, and esteem it a very valuable apple, bearing every other year very heavy crops. Swasey, of Louisiana. — I give the Golden Sweet my unqualified endorsement as the best sweet apple in the South. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — The Golden Street is one of the best apples we grow in Kansas. There is no better sweet apple, and none more beautiful. It succeeds admirably there. The other is a fine apple, also. Turner, of Connecticut. — They are not Syno- • nvins in Connecticut. I never heard of any other name given it but Golden Sweet. DISCUSSION ON APPLES. 4o Reynolds, of Rochester, N- Y. — It is the most dif- ficult apple to sell in Western New York. It com- mands the lowest price, and some years it is very difficult to sell it at any price. Gravenstein. — Hamilton, of Nova Scotia. — How long ago was it introduced '? J. J. Thomas. — I saw it forty years ago. Copp, of New Hampshire. — A splendid apple where I live, but an uncertain bearer ; not profitable to raise'. One tree of the Maiden's Blush is worth four Gravensteins. Starr, of Nova Scotia. — If I were setting out an orchard for profit, I do not know any apple tree that would bear as well or be as profitable as ihe Gravenstein. We often get six, seven and eight dol- lars a barrel for them. They are taken to England and esteemed there as one of the finest apples. Carpenter, of New York. — It is perfect in tree and fruit with me. Shaw, of New Hampshire. — In Northern New Hampshire, one of the best growing and best bearing trees, and certainly one of the best selling apples. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Fine grower in West- ern Massachusetts, a little liable to canker. Fruit magnificent. Stayman, of Kansas. — Not very profitable in Kansas. Late in coming into bearing, and does not bear very full ; subject to blight. Auger, of Connecticut. — Very well esteemed in Connecticut. Bryant, of Illinois. — Worthless with us. Grimes' Golden Pippin. — - Masters, of Nebraska. — Succeeds well in Nebraska. Auger, of Connecticut. — I would like to in- quire whether it is usually large enough to be sal- able ? Masters. — Rather below medium in Nebraska. Haivthornden. — Adams, of Iowa. — It is not recom- mended by our State Society. I don*t think it could find an advocate in the State. Carpenter, of New York. — It is a very poor grower and unprofitable apple. Holland Pippin. — Dr. SwASEY, of Louisiana. — Succeeds well in the South. Cornell, of New York. — Also on the banks of the Hudson. Dr. Hamilton, of Nova Scotia. — I have seen very fine specimens in Nova Scotia. The audience then adjourned till afternoon. AFTERNOON SESSION. The Discussion on Apples was resumed, the next variety being the Holly. — Mr. Carpenter, of New York. — One tree is sufficient. Although a very valuable apple, it is a shy bearer. Thomas, of New York. — I have been acquainted with it for thirty years. When you get a first-rate specimen of the Holly, you can hardly get an apple to surpass it, but that is a very rare thing. The tree is a shy bearer, very poor bearer, and the fruit very often cracks. Horse. — Swasey, of Louisiana. — Perfectly success- ful through the Gulf States. Jefferis. — Carpenter, of New York. — Promises to be a very valuable apple. Heavy bearer ; very hand- some. Balderston, of Maryland. — It is considered the apple where it originated. Jonathan. — Carpenter, of New York. — Worthless with us. Cornell, of New York. — On the banks of the Hudson, first rate. Good bearer and excellent fruit. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — As far as grown in Kansas, one of the finest apples we have. Dr. Swasey. — Good in the South. King of Tompkins County. — Carpenter, of New York. — In our section has proved a failure. Balderston, of Maryland. — Worthless in the South of Maryland. Auger, of Connecticut. — I have got fruit almost every year, but it is a shy bearer. Foote, of Massachusetts. — So in Western Massa- chusetts, apt to water core. Hooker, of New York. — -Unprofitable in Western New York as a market fruit. Lawver. — Barry, of New York. — That is a new u DISCUSSION ON APPLES. apple, put into the catalogue at Richmond for the first time ; promises well. If any gentleman has had any experience with that variety, I would like to hear from him. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — I live within some twenty or thirty miles of where that apple originated, on the banks of the Missouri River. It is a fine, beautiful market apple, promising well. Carpenter, of New York. — -It is a good grower in Eastern New York. It has not yet come into bearing. Thomas, of New York. — Exceedingly beautiful, but not very good. McLellan. — Carpenter, of New York. — Very promising with me, bearing every year ; fruit smooth and beautiful. Col. Wilder, of Massachusetts. — Good with me. Lyscom. — A Delegate. — In Essex County, Massa- chusetts, it has cracked badly within the last few years. Maiden's Blush. — Miller, of Iowa. — That is first- rate in Central Iowa. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — On high lands in Kan- sas, there is no more beautiful or highly flavored ap- ple than that. Dr. Prettyman, of Delaware. — With us it is highly esteemed, and one of the most beautiful ap- ples we have. Bryant, of Illinois. — The standard apple in its season, throughout Illinois. Carpenter, of New York. — Has the fault of drop- ping early ; otherwise a good bearer. Mangum. — Myer, of Delaware. — Succeeds well with us. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Does well in Louisi- ana. Melon. — Carpenter, of New York. — A failure in Eastern New York. Foote, of Massachusetts. — A failure in Western Massachusetts. A very beautiful, fine apple, but fee- ble tree. Hooker, of New York. — An unprofitable apple in Western New York. Monmouth Pippin {Red Cheek Pippin). — Carpen- ter, of New York. — Very promising in Eastern New York. Late keeper ; good bearer every year. Fuller, of New Jersey. — In Monmouth County, where it came from, it rots badly, and drops early. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Succeeds in the South. Hoopes, of Pennsylvania. — A failure in Eastern Pennsylvania. Miller, of Iowa. — Excellent in Eastern Iowa — one of our best bearers. Hooker, of New York. — It will not prove valua- ble with us in Western New York. Mother. — A Delegate. — Does well in Central Massachusetts. Beadle, of Canada. — Does well in Ontario. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — In Kansas it has the peculiar habit of the Northern Spy, which is a win- ter apple here, but there ripens early in September, or earlier than its season. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Drops its fruit too early in Western Massachusetts. Fine specimens are of great excellence. Carpenter, of New York. — Not of much value in our section. Newtown Pippin {Albemarle Pippin). — Dr. Swa- sey, of Louisiana. — Fails in the South. Mendenhall, of Indiana. — Worth scarcely any- thing in Indiana. Balderston, of Maryland. — Does not do well with us — bore only once in thirty years. Hance, of New Jersey — Worthless in Monmouth County. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — In Kansas, the tree, if root-grafted, will always become hide-bound, and blight, and give us but little fruit ; if top-grafted on a healthy seedling, it is one of the finest apples grown. Balderston, of Maryland. — In Montgomery County, I have seen orchards of it as fine as any apples ever grown. Troth, of Virginia. — Near Winchester, in Virginia, I was shown a tree that the man sold fifty dollars' worth of apples from in one season. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Not worth cultivating in Western Massachusetts. Saul, of District of Columbia. — Remarkably sal- able. Thousands of barrels find their way to Wash- ington, and from there to Europe. Carpenter, of New York. — The Western country produced probably ten thousand barrels or more last year, as perfect as ever grown. H. T. Williams, of New York. — I was shown a section of country in Virginia this summer, where eight thousand barrels were gathered and sent to London, and -sold for five dollars a bushel. Hooker, of New York. — I have an old top-grafted tree which has given me perfect satisfaction. Cornell, of New York. — On the banks of the Hudson, it does first-rate, under good cultivation. Beadle, of Canada. — Worthless in Ontario. Auger, of Connecticut. — On my farm it has been DISCUSSION ON APPLES. 45 worthless for fifteen or twenty years. The last three years, it has been very much better, and the fruit is looking very well this year. Northern Spy. — Carpenter, of New York. — A failure in Eastern New York. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — One of the finest Kan- sas apples — mellow — splendid. Foote, of Massachusetts. — I get a fair crop every year — is as valuable as the Baldwin. Auger, of Connecticut. — In Connecticut, nearly worthless. Coit, of Connecticut. — It has been worthless with me for twenty years. Very little fruit sets on well-grown trees, in good loamy soil. Ortley (Wliite Bellflower, Woolmans Long). — Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — One of the finest apples we grow. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Succeeds well at the South. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Fails entirely in West- ern Massachusetts. Saul, of District of Columbia. — Succeeds in the District. Pontine Grise. — Rev. Dr. Burnet, of Canada. — A most excellent apple, bearing every other year. J. W. Manning, of Massachusetts. — I saw them this year about Quebec quite full of fruit. Porter. — Carpenter, of New York. — I can not say too much in favor of the Porter, being an annual bearer, and bearing heavily. Thomas, of New York. — The best fall apple we have. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — It succeeds very well at the South. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Horticultural Hall says enough for the Porter in Massachusetts. There are three plates of that to two of other varieties. A. Hance, of New Jersey. — One of our finest va- rieties ; bears every other year. Primate. — Rev. Dr. Burnet, of Canada. — One of the finest with us. An excellent dessert apple ; a lit- tle tender for market purposes. A. Hance, of New Jersey. — Good for dessert, not for market. Ramie's Genet. — Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — Of French origin, imported into Virginia, and between the latitudes 36 deg. and 41 deg. from the Rocky Mountains to the Alleghanies ; it is one of the best apples grown — splendid. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — -Almost an entire fail- ure throughout the Southern States. Transou, of Tennessee. — An enlire failure in Tennessee. Saul, of District of Columbia. — One of the best apples grown in the District of Columbia. Toon, of Georgia. — Succeeds well in middle Geor- gia. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — As a matter of ex- planation, that by "the South," I mean the Gulf States. Bryant, of Illinois. — Of very little value in Northern Illinois; Red Astrachan. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — One of our best early apples. Miller, of Iowa. — In Central Iowa, almost a total failure. Liable to crack and drop. Dr. Prettyman, of Delaware. — Succeeds well in Delaware, and is one of the most profitable early ap- ples we have. All our profitable apples are early apples. Coit, of Connecticut. — As an early apple, it is one of the handsomest and best. Foote, of Massachusetts. — It sold readiby for two dollars a bushel this season. Carpenter, of New York. — Not worth growing with me. Meeiian, of Pennsylvania. — How does it happen that it fails over the whole of Iowa, and is a total failure in New York, when the Central Road pours thousands of barrels into New York ? Thomas, of New York. — I will explain in regard to the Northern Spy. As far as my observation ex- tends, in any locality in the Eastern or Northern States, where it is well cultivated, and kept in good condition, not too thick growth, the apples are fine : but when it is allowed to grow in grass orchards, it is very poor. Dr. Hamilton, of Nova Scotia. — The Red As- trachan grows well in Nova Scotia, but we must sell it as soon as picked. Bryant, of Illinois. — Most profitable apple in Northern Illinois. Brings a higher price in the Chi- cago market than any other, in its season. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — If you root-graft it, it is a long time in coming into bearing, but when it does bear, it is of fine quality and does well. But if you will top-graft it, you will get fine fruit much sooner. Col. Wilder, of Massachusetts. — Mr. Barry and myself have taken a trip across the continent, and seen it from the Canadas down to Florida. It was the most popular apple ; we heard no objection to it. It was astonishing how finely it succeeded. Barry, of New York. — I think it is the most 46 DISCUSSION ON APPLES. popular apple we have. I mean, that it succeeds over a greater extent of territory, north and south, than any other apple known. Rhode Island Greening. — Dr. Swaset, of Lou- isiana.— Fails at the South. Saul, of District of Columbia. — A total failure in the District. Miller, of Iowa. — At an early day it was a fail- ure in Central Iowa. At present, I know there are places where they are raising them very profitably. Ribston Pippin. — Beadle, of Canada. — It should be double starred for Ontario. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — It always succeeds in the South. Low, of Massachusetts. — Drops early in Essex County. Roxbury Russet. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Succeeds well in the South as a September apple. Roman Stem. — Prettyman, of Delaware. — We consider it one of the finest apples we have in Dela- ware ; an excellent bearer. Shockley.—Di. Swasey, of Louisiana. — One of the best winter apples in the Gulf States. Soidard. — Quinn, of New Jersey. — Pays well in New Jersey. Bryant, of Illinois. — There is a Soulard apple and a Soulard crab. The Soulard crab has been dis- cussed in our local Societies in the northern part of Illinois, and has been recommended by many. It is pretended to be a hybrid between the cultivated apple and the wild crab of the West, but I could never perceive any difference between that and the genuine wild crab. It has every characteristic of the wild crab, only it is much larger than the wild crab usually grows ; but I have in many instances seen the wild crab in the central part of Illinois growing as large as the Soulard crab. Stevenson's Winter. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — One of the few good winter apples we have at the South. Transou, of Tennessee. — One of the best we have in Tennessee. Swaar. — Carpenter, of New York. — Worthless in Eastern New York. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Comparatively so in Western Massachusetts ; unprofitable, at any rate. Taunton. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — One of the best we have. Tewksbury Winter Blush. — Balderston, of Mary- land.— The best winter apple, keeping perfectly. I have eaten them after they have lain under the snow all winter. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — It fails at the South. Foote, of Massachusetts. — A great keeper. I have exhibited the same apple at two successive an- nual fairs, perfectly sound. Tolmans Sweet. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Fails at the South. Stayman, of Kansas. — Blights badly with us. Carpenter, of New York.— Valuable in Eastern New York. Mendenhall, of Indiana. — Bears well in Indiana, but it is so hard that it never seems fit to eat. Hooker, of New York. — It never ought to be eat- en unless baked. It is the best baking apple. Wagener. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — A failure in the Southern States. Miller, of Iowa. — One of the earliest and best bearers we have. Stayman, of Kansas. — One of the best in Kansas. Adams, of Iowa. — One of the best in Iowa. Carpenter, of New York. — A very bad grower ; not worth putting into an orchard. Williams' Favorite. — Col. Wilder, of Massachu- setts. — Unquestionably the most popular early apple in Massachusetts ; brings now from five to eight dol- lars a barrel. Carpenter, of New York. — Very successful in Eastern New York. Stayman, of Kansas. — Very profitable with us. The very best successor to the Red Astrachan. Saul, of District of Columbia. — Succeeds well in the District. .- — It does well in Maine. Willow Tivig. — Stayman, of Kansas. — One of the best. A long keeper. Will keep two years. Willis Sweet. — Carpenter, of New York. — One of the finest baking apples I have in my collection. It is a large apple, and the tree a good bearer. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — On new trees, it suc- ceeds very well at the South ; on old trees, it fails. Tork Imperial. — Hoopes, of Pennsylvania. — Not of the finest quality, but remarkably productive, bear- ing every year. Stayman, of Kansas. — It grows very finely in Kansas, as far as tried. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Succeeds very well with us as a summer apple. It ripens in August. DISCUSSION ON APPLES. 47 Yellow Bellefleur. — P>alderston, of Maryland. — It has borne but one crop in Maryland for fifteen years, and that was last year. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — There is something very peculiar about that apple. It is slow in coming into bearing, but bears very well when it does come. It is an utter failure on white-oak land in Kansas ; but on the deepest and richest river bottoms we have there, we grow the finest Bellefleurs I have ever seen. Dr. Hamilton, of Nova Scotia. — It succeeds very well with us on loamy or sandy lands, but not on clay ground. NEW VARIETIES NOT ON THE CATALOGUE. The President. — I call upon you to make any statements in regard to varieties not upon the cata- logue, which promise to be worthy a place there. Cooper's Early White. — Meehan, of Pennsylvania. — ■ In going through the Western States, I met an apple which is in common cultivation, which I miss upon the Catalogue. I allude to Cooper's Early White. If it is as good as I suppose it is, from its universal use, it deserves to be on the Catalogue. Stayman, of Kansas. — I cultivate it extensively. It is one of the best fall apples we have, and the best market apple I know of. Very fine, most jiroductive, know of none better. Myers, of Delaware. — We have an apple which we call the " Cooper,'' without the " White," that suc- ceeds very well. It is a white apple, larger than the Porter, and something like it in appearance. Tattle Apple. — Trowbridge, of Connecticut. — This is a seedling, somewhat like the White Seeknofurther. Pewaukee Apple. — Adams, of Massachusetts. — I would inquire if the Pewaukee is as hardy as its parent, and worthy of dissemination. Seymour, of Wisconsin. — The Pewaukee is a very fine, large red apple. I think that with us it will take the place of the R. I. Greening. Vermont Strawberry. — Carpenter, of New York. — A very promising apple, of large size and fine qual- ity, possessing every requisite for a desirable orchard and profitable apple. I have seen specimens weigh- ing at least a pound, very handsome in color. It is a late fall apple — lasting some time. Congress Apple. — Foote, of Massachusetts. — It has been cultivated in Western Massachusetts for seventy or eighty years, supposed to have come from Connec- ticut originally. The fruit is large, and the tree a very strong grower and heavy bearer. I have known eighty apples, as picked from the tree, to fill a bushel. It is of the finest quality as a cooking apple, and es- teemed by many as a good eating apple ; keeps till mid- winter. In Berkshire County it is one of our most valuable sorts ; somewhat resembles Twenty Ounce. Auger, of Connecticut. — Is raised in Connecticut to some extent, but not very generally. Specimens are fair. President Wilder. — Grows well along our coast. . — Is esteemed very highly in my part of Connecticut, because of its remarkable qual- ity, and long period of duration. It possesses excel- lent cooking qualities, but is rather too acid for most people for eating purposes. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — It succeeds very well in the Southern States. Foote, of Massachusetts. — How long has the Con- gress been known with you ? Dr. Swasey. — Twenty years. It came from Mr. Charles Downing. Foote. — I presume I furnished the scions. Julian and Garrettson's Early. — Dr. Swasey. — They are some of our best sorts in the South. Orange Pippin. — Hance, of New Jersey. — The Orange Pippin, of Monmouth County, has brought more money into that county than any other, and yet it is not on our Catalogue. Fully seven-eighths of the trees are of this sort ; showy, cooks well, comes right after the Maiden's Blush. Hurlburt Apple. — Adams, of Iowa. — We find it to be the very best grower we have in Iowa, somewhat resem- bling the Hubbardston Nonesuch in color and quality, being nearby sweet. Pipe in October. Foote, of Massachusetts. — I have had the Hurl- burt in cultivation for a number of years, and find it vigorous, hardy and productive in Western New York, and the fruit most highly esteemed. Park Apple. — Carpenter, of New York. — This is a seedling apple, which originated in Eastern New York. We esteem it as very promising. Downing, of New York. — Not new, is it ? Carpenter. — No ; it has been grown for twenty or thirty years. Downing. — It is of very good quality. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — The Park apple is the same as the McAffee's Nonesuch. That has something like fifteen synonyms in our country. Large Striped Pearmain, Winter Striped Pearmain, Park's Keeper, Missouri Superior, New Missouri, Storr's Wine, and a dozen others, almost. Downing, of New York. — The apple to which Mr. Carpenter refers is an entirely different apple from those. Bevan's Favorite.— Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Bevan's Favorite is one of our best June apples and entitled to a place on the list. 48 DISCUSSION ON APPLES. Foote, of Massachusetts. — It ripens with me in August, and is not at all a prolific bearer. A beau- tiful apple. Thomas, of New York. — I formerly cultivated the Bevan's Favorite, and although it is a very fine apple, it was perfectly worthless in New York. It had two defects — hard to when we got it. get, and good for nothing Hick's Apple. — Carpenter, of New York. — There is another new apple that I would like to have Mr. Downing speak a good word for — the Hicks. A large and beautiful sweet apple, good for dessert, and very fine for baking. Downing, of New York. — It is an early apple, ripe about the time of the Bough, and many of the Long Island people think it is better than the Bough. I do not think it is. Not sufficiently tested. Congress Apple. — Foote, of Massachusetts. — Will Mr. Downing give us his impression of the Congress apple, that has been spoken of? Downing. — Well, it is a first-rate apple for mar- ket people, but not good enough for the amateurs. Foote. — I would only recommend it as a cooking apple. New Varieties from Ohio. — BATEHAM, Ohio.— Our State Society, in revising the Catalogue, requested these varieties to be entered: Firth Seedling, late, long keeper ; Park Sweeting, (ripening in October, origi- nating in Ohio) ; Stark ; Evening Party Bateham, of Ohio. — Our State Society requested that these four varieties be added to the Catalogue of this Society. They are all well known in some of our Western States : the Fink, Park Sweeting (ripening in October — originating in Ohio) ; the Stark and the Evening Party. We wish these starred for Ohio. The President. — The Evening Party is well known with us, as having been introduced by our late beloved friend, Dr. Brinckle, and is a very beautiful little apple, cultivated by amateurs. Bradford's Best. — Transou, of Tennessee. — -We have an apple that we call Bradford's Best; it is also called Kentucky Streak. It is not new with us, having been in cultivation twenty years or more. We re- gard it as one of the best winter apples we have in Tennessee. It does well, also, in Arkansas and Mississippi. We think it worth all the rest of the apples on the list. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — It succeeds very well in Louisiana and Mississippi. Davis. — Miller, of Iowa, exhibited a very hand- some apple, medium size, which he said was very hardy and a great bearer. It was known as the Davis apple, from the man in whose orchard it was grown. Mr. Davis set the trees twenty-one years ago, getting them of a peddler, who said he got them from MeWhorter, of Illinois, but he disclaims all knowledge of the apple. It is now grown in Polk County, Iowa. Robinson's Superb. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — I would like to ask Mr. Downing's opinion of Robin- son's Superb. Downing, of New York. — I cannot find out what it is. Some Southern people say it is the same as Farrar's Summer. How's that ? Dr. Swasey. — Entirely distinct, in my experience. Downing. — What I have received as Robinson's Su- perb looks more like the Fall Queen than any thing else. There seems to be a great deal of confusion about it. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — I will say that the apple you sent me as Robinson's Superb is not the apple that we cultivate in the South under that name. Baker. — Auger, of Connecticut. — There is an apple cultivated in Fairfield County, Connecticut, somewhat resembling the Baldwin, called the Baker. I will inquire of Mr. Downing if he has ever seen it. Downing. — Yes, sir; it is a very good winter apple. Carpenter, of New York. — A very promising apple in Eastern New York. Not a showy apple, but a good bearer. Red Stripe. — Brackett. — Some one has named the Red Stripe. It is one of our best apples. There is no tree that bears uniformly such good crops of fair, good cooking and eating apples. Mendenhall, of Indiana. — It is one of the best sum- mer apples we have in Indiana, and uniform in bearing. Dr. Warder described it as originating in Indiana. Dr. Howsley, of Kansas. — The apple we have in Kansas under the name of the Red Stripe appears to be identical with the Early Red Margaret. Buffington Early. — Mr. Masters, of Nebraska. — We have had it in cultivation twenty years, and find it our most profitable early variety. The tree is healthy, bears every year, never overbears, and the apples sell readily in our market at two dollars a bushel. It ripens at the sam 3 time with the Early Harvest. Thomas, of New York. — I have cultivated it, but not of late years. It is an early apple, very white and delicate, with a red blush, but not a good bearer. Downing, of New York. — It is not very well suited to our State. Bryant, of Illinois. — I have cultivated it for thirty years. It is an apple of excellent quality, but a moderate bearer. That is the only objection to it. Blenheim, or Orange Pippin. — Starr, of Nova Scotia. — We think a great deal of the Orange Pippin. DISCUSSION ON APPLES. 49 Downing. — It does very well in cool climates, not South. Valuable in Northern New York, the Can- adas and Nova Scotia. Shiawassee Beauty. — A Delegate. — Does anybody know anything about the Shiawassee Beauty, which originated in Michigan ? Downing. — I regard it as a very good apple; bet- ter than the Fameuse, and similar to it. Yellow June. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — The Southern Yelloia June should be found upon the cata- logue as the best yellow summer apple in our climate. There are no synonyms that I know of. Transou, of Tennessee. — A very valuable apple in Tennessee. Downing. — There are a great many Yellow Junes, so that it is difficult to tell which is correct. Jersey Greening. — Balderston, of Maryland. — The Jersey Greening is an apple of good quality, keeps well, about the size of the Tewksbury Winter Blush ; very bright and handsome. Those who have had it ten or fifteen years say it is uniformly a good bearer. Holden Pippin. — Hadwen, of Massachusetts. — I wish to name the Holden Pippin, which originated and succeeds well in Central Massachusetts. Not known much elsewhere. Is worthy of cultivation. It ripens in October, and is one of the best apples. Col. Wilder. — The Chair can corroborate what Mr. Hadwen has said of the Holden Pippin. Per- haps Mr. Downing knows it. Downing. — Oh, yes, sir. It has a dozen names. White Graft and Westbrook, or Speckled, are among the names ; also Fall Orange, Bed Cheek and Hogpen, the last being the original name. Meehan, of Pennsjdvania. — The trees are differ- ent in growth, but the fruit is identically the same. Downing. — I have examined them carefully, and believe them to be identical. Tift Sweeting. — Leavens, of New Hampshire. — I consider the Tift Sweeting, which is not on the cata- logue, one of the most valuable sweet apples I ever met with. It is marked in a very peculiar manner. Downing, of New York. — It is one of the very old apples, gone out of use pretty much. The quality is high, but it is not profitable. Leavens. — It has been prolific wherever I have seen it. Downing. — But it is not profitable, because there are a great many poor apples on the tree. Crab Apples. — Hooker, of New York. — I do not see any Siberian Crabs. I think it would be well to name a few crabs, well tested, to go in this catalogue. Jameson, of Vermont. — I have had that in my mind for some time. We find the improved varieties 7 of great value. We arc planting quite extensively Siberian Apples, of the approved varieties, or crab apples, as they are called, and we find them valuable. We value them for the hardiness of the tree, for their early and abundant bearing, for their value for cook- ing, and some of the varieties are loved by children and the ladies, and, in fact, by all for eating. They are valuable for preserving, and valuable for sauce to be used upon the table constantly, not requiring the amount of sugar that is put into preserves. They are valuable for jelly and also for cider, and from the cider some persons have made a very fine quality of wine, as they declare, but I maintain that we are not very good judges of wine up in that cold region. Now, if you can do any better for us at the West, or in New York, it will be doing a good work for these cold climates. If you value your fruits, so abundant and delicious, you must give us the privilege of look- ing with some interest toward the improvement of Siberian Apples, for we must look to them to realize our hope of fruit in the cold parts of our country. George Cruickshanks. — I can endorse all that my friend has said of the Crab apple. I spent four years in Vermont ten years ago, and had some expe- rience. Barry, of New York. — In the report from Ver- mont is a very interesting statement in regard to these Crabs. It will be published in the Transactions. Masters, of Nebraska. The Siberians do well in our State. We consider the Transcendent and the Hyslop as the best. They are both good apples, the Hyslop keeping all winter, if well cared for. Bryant, of Illinois. — In regard to the Crab apple, I will say that A. R. Whitney, of Franklin Grove, Lee County, has raised a great many varieties of the Siberian, and one which he calls his No. 20 is of very superior quality, and large size for that species of fruit, and well worthy of notice. Milding Apple. — Corp, of New Hampshire. — We have a new apple in our neighborhood, called the Milding apple, a native. I have probably cultivated one hundred different varieties of apples, and have never found one equal to it, in its hardy, strong and rugged growth, well worthy of being tried. It is a large apple ; I raised some last year nearly a foot in circumference. It does not keep quite so well as the Baldwin, but it is good to eat early in the winter, and where it is known, altogether preferred to the Bald- win. It is a yellowish-red apple ; I do not know any apple that it resembles so much as the Gravenstein ; it is about the same size — a little larger, if anything. Downing, of New York. — I had a box of the Milding sent to me last fall by Mr. Copp, and was very much pleased with them. Milden is the true name. 50 VISIT TO THE RESIDENCE OF MR. HUNNEWELL. Geneva Crab Apple. — Thomas, of New York. — I have had a number of different Western Crabs sent to me, and among them I received half a peck of a variety called the Geneva Crab, and it was so im- measurably better than any other Crab I ever saw, that I mention it for the purpose of getting some further information about it. It ripens late in au- tumn or early in winter, and the impression that I received on eating it, (after eating half a peck, one gets a very distinct idea of the quality,) was that it was very much better than any other Crab I ever tasted. It occurred to me that if it was sent to market, it would be far superior to the Lady Apple for an evening party. The Lady Elgin is another. Hooker, of New York. — It came from Mr. An- drews. I have eaten some of that fruit, and it will bear all that Mr. Thomas has said in its favor. President Wilder. — The chair concurs. Maxwell, of New York. — I have eaten something less than half a peck of it. It is a very desirable Grab to have. Crisp, tender, and such as you like to fill your pockets full with. Copp, of New Hampshire. — I have a Crab apple that I have raised for several years. The tree came originally from Mr. Converse, on Long Island. Two years ago, I sent a specimen of that apple to the Horticultural Society of Massachusetts ; they awarded me a gratuity of a dollar for the apple, and Mr. Rob- ert Manning wrote me asking me where I obtained it, saying that it was unlike any Crab apple he had ever seen. The Transcendent Crab in the Hall looks more like that than any other I have seen. Jameson, of Vermont. — Among the twenty varie- ties from Northern Vermont, we have Clark's Beauty, a summer apple, Queen's Choice. Lady's Favorite and Rose of Stansted, fall apples, and Gold Drop and Bawl's Winter, for winter use — all desirable apples. I have heard several ladies declare that the Lady's Favorite was the most beautiful apple they ever saw. Tetofsky. — McLaughlin, of Maine. — I have raised the Tetofsly, and consider it very desirable. I have had a Tetofsky from New York, that was claimed to be a very distinct apple. I should like to know if there is any difference. Powell, of New York. — I suppose the gentleman from Maine refers to the Accubcefolia. That is an apple which we imported some years ago, at the same time that we imported the Tetofsky. The Accubafolia came as a Crab, and was represented to us as a Crab. The Tetofsky came as a Russian apple. The two ap- ples are entirely distinct, not being alike in foliage, tree or fruit. The Accubcefolia is an apple that will keep until the middle of January or the first of Feb- ruary. It is rather larger than the Tetofsky, a darker red, and has more of a Crab in its nature. There are specimens of it to be seen in the hall, and every gentle- man can see it for himself. We think it desirable. J. W. Manning, of Massachusetts. — The Tetofsky I fruited for fifteen years. It bears very abundantly, even on trees two or three years from the bud. The fruit is of small size. Robert Manning said his fa- ther grew it thirty-five years ago. Col. Wilder. — Oh, yes, it is an apple well known here. Barry. — Has been well known in the nurseries for thirty years or more. Copp, of New Hampshire. — The Foundling is not in the catalogue. I consider it as hardy for a cold climate as the Duchess of Oldenburg, and it is a very much larger and better apple every way. It will keep until October. [Adjourned.] Visit to the Residence of Mr. H. H. EDunnewell. The afternoon session closed at four o'clock, and the delegates at once proceeded to the Boston & Al- bany Railroad, where they took the cars for Wellesley, the residence of H. H. Hunnewell, Esq. The com- pany numbered nearly three hundred, and on their arrival at Wellesley, several omnibuses and carriages were found in waiting, by which they were conveyed to Mr. Hunnewell's charming villa, when' they were met by the host, and cordially welcomed. A most delightful hour was spent in rambling through the grounds, where the highest art and the most culti- vated taste have been called into requisition to enhance the natural beauty of the place, which has now scarcely an equal on this side of the ocean, at least. The green expanse of lawn, the rare, deciduous and evergreen trees, the tasteful and unique beds of flowers, and, above all, the terraced garden upon the border of the lake, its hedges, so evenly trimmed as almost to tempt one to walk upon them, or cut in many a quaint and curious form, — all these possessed peculiar attractions for such a company of cultivated ladies and gentlemen, many of them experienced botanists and horticulturists, fully capable of appre- ciating them. The inspection of the grounds and hot-houses ended, the party wrere invited into the house, where an elegant repast awaited them, of which they par- took with infinite zest and satisfaction. At the con- clusion of the feast, the company bade farewell to their generous and courteous host, and proceeded to the depot, where they took the train for Boston, reaching the city about eight o'clock. FRIDAY— MORNING SESSION. The Association convened at the usual place at 10 A. m., President Wilder in the Chair, who announced that reports of judges and committees were now in order. Mr. Foote, of Massachusetts, moved that these re- ports he deferred to a later time. I 'resilient Wilder suggested that they he handed in first this afternoon. Mr. P. Barry suggested the Essays be handed in and referred to the Secretary for publication. After discussion by Mr. Carpenter, it was finally moved and carried that the essays be prepared and read by title, and referred to the proper committee. Mr. Barry therewith submitted two essays — on Pear Blight and Fig Culture. Mr. Barry also moved that the reading of the reports of Standing Committees be dispensed with, and be printed in the Transactions. Mr. Loveland, of Connecticut. — There is a general complaint by fruit-growers that there are no lists of those fruits adapted to each State. He therefore moved that the President appoint a committee for each State to select lists of fruits adapted to said State. Mr. Hance, of New Jersey. — I would amend by adding sub-committees for different sections. Mr. Adams, of Iowa. — This plan will tend to meet the requirement needed. We have in Iowa lists for each section, in which but three apples run through the whole list. Mr. P. Barry. — In our National Catalogue we thought these subdivisions were not necessary. It is not our intention to go into localities, the same as State societies do. The reports of the States, in the hands of the Fruit Committee, contain just that in- formation. President Wilder. — Mr. Barry has had corres- pondence with all the State societies, and has gained this information. We have State Committees, and a chairman for each State, appointed for such purpose, and their reports will be published. Appointment of Officers. The President here presented the names of mem- bers for the various Standing Committees, viz. : 1. The Executive Committee. 2. General Fruit Committee. 3. Committee on Native Fruits. 4. Committee on Revision of Catalogue. The President. — If it is the pleasure of the assem- bly, and no objection is offered, we will consider this report confirmed.* Discussion on Fruits — Continued. The Discussion on Varieties of Fruit was then re- sumed. PEARS. Belle Lucrative (Fondante d'Automne). — Carpen- ter, of New York. — In New York, is not to be recommended for general cultivation ; an amateur's pear, but not a pear for market. One tree is enough. Loveland, of Connecticut. — Not to be recom- mended for market purposes ; for a home fruit, rich and desirable. It does not bear transportation to market very well. Beurre Clairgeau. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Succeeds very well in the Southern States. Carpenter, of New York. — Drops its leaves and liable to blight. Beurre d'Anjou. — Col. Wilder, of Massachusetts. — Has anybody ever cultivated the Beurre d'Anjou, and found it unsuccessful ? Carpenter, of New York. — It is growing in favor wherever it is planted. With me it is one of the most thrifty trees, and holds its leaves until frost. Copp, of New Hampshire. — In my section, it is a very hardy tree. It grows to good size. I know a * Note.— Full lists of above officers appointed appear at beginning of this volume. 52 DISCUSSION ON PEAKS. gentleman in Stratford County who raised a barrel, and sold them in the market in Dover for twenty dollars. President Wilder. — The inquiry simply was, if anybody knew anything against it. Foote, of Massachusetts. — I have heard but one objection to it, that in some instances there are hard lumps in the flesh of the pear on one side, which do not become melting. I have seen that defect to a very slight extent, in my own grounds. I hope time will remedy it effectually. Saul, of District of Columbia. — I have observed that in the District of Columbia. Williams, of Delaware. — Grown on the dwarf in Delaware, it is apt to be too productive and small. Beurre d' Amanlis. — Foote, of Massachusetts. — Rots at the core very soon. Beurre Diel. — Carpenter, of New York, Foote, of Massachusetts, Turner, of Connecticut. — Cracks badly. Hance, of New Jersey. — Worthless in New Jer- sey. Copp, of New Hampshire. — Worthless in New Hampshire. , of Massachusetts. — Good in Central Mas- sachusetts. Barry, of New York. — It is no longer reliable in Western New York ; both foliage and fruit have be- come defective, though healthy and fine this season. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Generally a failure in the Gulf States. Loveland, of Connecticut. — Should be condemned in Connecticut. . — In Wayne County, New York, blights very badly. Beurre Giffard. — Barry, of New York. — Very fine. Carpenter, of New York. — One of our most promising in tree and fruit. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Nothing so fine pre- ceding the Bartlett in Western Massachusetts. Berckmans, of Georgia. — Does well in Georgia. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Succeeds in the Gulf States. Williams, of Delaware. — Our handsomest pear in Delaware. Beurre Langelier. — Hance, of New Jersey. — Worthless in our part of Jersey. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Very slow in coming into bearing, and quality not satisfactory. Carpenter, of New York. — A good tree in East- ern New York, and pretty good fruit. Barry, of New York. — Hardly anybody plants it. now. Beurre Saperfin. — Swasey, of Louisiana. — The best pear in the South, taken in its season. Berckmans, of Georgia. — Succeeds well in Mid- dle Georgia. Carpenter, of New York. — One of our best pears, but decays very soon. Quinn, of New Jersey. — Does well in our part of New Jersey. Brandywine. — Berckmans, of Georgia. — Does well in Middle Georgia. Williams, of Delaware. — Splendid in Delaware. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Not desirable in the Gulf States. Barry, of New York. — Fine with us. Turner, of Connecticut. — Very good in Connecticut. Buffum. — Loveland, of Connecticut. — Always hardy in Connecticut. Bears largely every year, and is a fair pear. Carpenter, of New York. — Those who have planted the Buffum in Eastern New York, are graft- ing it over. Notwithstanding its bearing qualities, it has not a market value. Clapp's Favorite. — Foote, of Massachusetts. — Was once condemned, but is not now. It should be picked three weeks before its maturity and ripened in the house, when it becomes a fine, juicy, delight- ful fruit. Cornell, of New York. — Has failed in Eastern New York. Rots badly at the core, and lacks flavor. I pick it early enough. Hance, of New Jersey. — I think very favorably of it. Dr. Sylvester, of New York. — Succeeds well in Western New York. I have seen two half bushels, forty pears to one and forty-three to the other. Dr. Hamilton, of Nova Scotia. — Doing very well in Nova Scotia. Williams, of Delaware. — A very vigorous tree and good bearer, very hardy, large. Cohtmbia. — Foote, of Massachusetts. — I cannot say " Hail Columbia " to that. Loveland, of Connecticut. — Rather unprofitable. Danas Hovey. — Hance, of New Jersey. — Does well in New Jersey. Carpenter, of New York. — Fine with me. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Tree beautiful and fruit first quality. Manchester, of Rhode Island. — The best pear of the season in Rhode Island. DISCUSSION ON PEARS. 53 Loveland, of Connecticut. — With me, it has always proved good. BerckmANS, of Georgia. — Worthless in Georgia. Dr. Sylvester, of New York. — In Western New York, it grows larger than it does here. Dearborn s Seedling. — Hance, of New Jersey. — Worthless with us in New Jersey. Sheds its leaves badly. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Worthless at the South. Quinn, of New Jersey. — Good on clay soil in New Jersey. Starr, of Nova Scotia. — Very small in Nova Scotia. Carpenter, of New York. — Fine with us in East- ern New York. Dix. — Carpenter, of New York. — Not worth growing in our section. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Nor in Western Mas- sachusetts. Loveland, of Connecticut. — Same in Connecticut. Saul, of District of Columbia. — Same in District of Columbia. Doyenne Boussock. — Quinn, of New Jersey. — Very excellent in New Jersey, both in leaf and productive- ness. Carpenter, of New York. — No one will be disap- pointed, I think, in planting the Boussock in Eastern New York. Loveland, of Connecticut. — Always fine in Con- necticut. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Good in every respect. Cornell, of New York. — Far inferior to the Bart- lett. Ripens at the same time. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Ripens a little before the Bartlett with us, and equally successful. Doyenne a" Alencon. — Carpenter, of New York. — Although that has been highly recommended as a winter pear, it fails in our section. , of Connecticut. — Fails with me. Is not worth cultivating with us. Hovey, of Massachusetts. — Agree with Mr. Barry ; a useful, very late pear. Quinn, of New Jersey. — Very inferior with me. Barry, of New York. — A fine pear, in places where it succeeds. It wants first-rate soil and high cultivation, and the fruit, to be good, must be brought to the highest perfection, like the Easter Buerre. Then it is of the highest quality. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Rather a failure in the Gulf States. Doyenne du Cornice. — Loveland, of Connecticut. — Very promising with me in Connecticut. , of Massachusetts. — Fine in Central Massachusetts. Carpenter, of New York. — A shy bearer in East- ern New York. Coit, of Connecticut. — The wood becomes feeble, spurs are formed which die, and it is wanting in vig- orous wood. The pear is delicious, and grows as large as the Beurre d'Anjou, and as it grew with me the first three or four years, I thought it was almost equal to the old Virgalieu. Doyenne d'Ete. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Best early pear in the Gulf States. , of Connecticut. — That is our experi- ence in Connecticut. Cornell, of New York. — Best in Eastern New York. Copp, of New Hampshire. — Best I know in New Hampshire. Foote, of Massachusetts. — Best in Western Mas- sachusetts, in tree and fruit. Transou, of Tennessee. — Best in Tennessee. Dr. Sylvester, of New York. — Best in New York, bearing very abundantly, and is our best early pear. Quinn, of New Jersey. — Very good. Earle, of Illinois. — Cracks badly in Southern Illi- nois, and is scarcely worth growing. The tree sheds its leaves much before the fruit is ripe. Duchesse d' Angouleme. — Quinn, of New Jersey. — One of the most profitable pears I have ever grown ; bears well and sells well. Gov. Furnas, of Nebraska. — Fine with us. Foote, of Massachusetts. — On moist clay it is not worth a hill of potatoes. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — It succeeds better in the South than anywhere else. Loveland, of Connecticut. — I have had it bear- ing on dwarf trees twelve years in succession. Carpenter, of New York. — On pear stock, it has disappointed the growers. It does not come up to the mark. Barry, of New York. — The Duchesse, on pear stock, wants to be twenty years old, before it at- tains its highest qualities. Saul, of District of Columbia. — I can corroborate what has been said of the Duchesse. The finest I have ever seen have been borne on the pear stock. Cornell, of New York. — Equally good on the pear as on the quince, when old. I have seen the fruit grown on the pear, well cultivated, equal to any thing I ever saw on the quince. Leighton, of Virginia. — It has been injured by 5-1 DISCUSSION ON PEARS. blight in Virginia,, on the pear stock. I saw no blight on the quince stock. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — I have always had the largest and best fruit on the standard. Dachesse de Bordeaux. — Quinn, of New Jersey. — I am disappointed with that. I grafted considerably with it when it came out ; have had it three years, and each year it has grown worse. Barry, of New York. — It is only a cooking pear in our climate. Powell, of New York. — With us at Syracuse, it is the best bearing winter pear we have — best quality of any winter pear I ever tasted — will keep longer than any winter pear we grow. As far as I have tested it, I have a favorable impression of it ; bears better on the standard than the dwarf ; also larger in size, and better quality. Barry, of New York. — Does it get to be melting ? Powell. — We have had it two or three seasons when it got very melting. In some seasons, it does not ripen, but I have seen it as melting as any pear I ever tasted. Barry, of New York. — As the tree gets older, it may improve. Easter Beurre. — Quinn, of New Jersey. — Worth- less with me. Saul, of District of Columbia. — Succeeds in Dis- trict of Columbia. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Not reliable in the South. Carpenter, of New York. — Very poor. Not adapted to our section at all. Cornell, of New York. — Same in Eastern New York, on the Hudson Kiver. Loveland, of Connecticut. — Not profitable in Connecticut. Barry, of New York. — Not profitable anywhere, but a pear of the highest quality when well grown, requires high cultivation, and thinning of the fruit. Nearly three-quarters want to be taken off. When well grown, it is one of the finest pears I know. ■, of Connecticut. — Good for nothing in Connecticut. Haskell, of Massachusetts. — Was fine thirty years ago, but not worth growing now. Most all the trees have been worked over. Earle, of Illinois. — Ripens well in Southern Illi- nois. Altogether the best pear we have ; keeps un- til March, and sometimes later ; but I don't think there is much money in it. Foote, of Massachusetts. — It keeps with me as well as a stone. Fuller, of New York. — I have buried that pear in the ground, the same as I would potatoes, and it came out in the spring delicious. That is the only way I ever did see it fine. Quinn, of New Jersey. — When I bury mine, I never look after them. I let them stay there. Earle, of Illinois. — I don't think that pear ought to be given up so easily, for its excellence is so great when you get it in good condition, that it is worth trying longer than any pear on the list. Its quality is unsurpassed by any pear on the list, when you get it, ripe — a good family fruit, but not profitable to grow. Barry, of New York. — When you get an Easter Beurre weighing about a pound, with a red cheek, there is nothing like it. , of Connecticut. — We can't get such an one in Connecticut, without importing it. Haskell, of Massachusetts. — Twelve years ago, they sold for $ 1.50 a tree in March and April, but the trees have all been worked over with other kinds. There has not been a peck of fair Easter Beurres grown in our vicinity for the last ten years upon trees which, if they had been suffered to remain, would have borne hundreds of barrels. It has not been hastily rejected, but has been thoroughly tried and abandoned. Emile es. Agawam. — Toon, of Georgia. — Does very well in Middle Georgia. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Succeeds well in the Gulf States. Alvey. — Berckmans, of Georgia. — Worthless in Georgia. Clinton. — Toon, of Georgia. — Does well in Middle Georgia. Very promising indeed with us. Concord. — Quinn, of New Jersey. — Best grape on the list. Masters, of Nebraska. — The Concord is worth all the rest of the list in Nebraska. Turner, of Hartford. — I had six or eight kinds standing equally exposed, and the only one that escaped the frost was the Concord. Williams, of Delaware. — Market men are finding some objections to the Concord on account of its ten- der skin. Croton. — Berckmans, of Georgia. — Of no value in the South. Too much foreign blood in it. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Succeeds tolerably well in Mobile, Ala. I have grown it only long enough to fruit it this year. Berckmans, of Georgia. — It did well the first year, and then, like all other foreign grapes, and grapes where there is a mixture of foreign blood, it has gone down every year. Fuller, of New Jersey. — It is utterly worthless on account of its foreign origin, near New York city. Dr. Swasey, of Lousiana. — In July we had a grape show, and out of fifty or sixty varieties, tha Croton was the best variety on exhibition. Diana. — Masters, of Nebraska. — The Diana does well in Nebraska. It is only cultivated by a very few at present. Fuller. — Then she has a good grape. Goethe (Rogers' No. 1). — Berckmans, of Georgia. — One of the most promising of all the hybrids of Rogers in the South. Saul, of District of Columbia. — I consider it, in the District of Columbia, the best of Rogers' seed- lings. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Up to this season, it has been considered one of the best of his hybrids in the South. This year, it has rotted with me. Hartford Prolific. — Quinn, of New Jersey. — Good with me. Loveland, of Connecticut. — Good with me. Makes as good wine as the Clinton. Williams, of Delaware. — Drops too much from the bunch in Delaware. Turner, of Connecticut. — In Connecticut the old vines hold the fruit very well, and do not drop so much. Carpenter, of New York. — I have a vine twenty years old, and I cannot get a bunch down without half of them dropping. Fuller, of New Jersey. — If properly pruned it will hold its berries very well. If it overbears, it is good for nothing. Herbemont. — Berckmans, of Georgia. — Very un- productive in field culture, only profitable in gardens, near buildings. One of the best wine grapes we have, but out in the field almost worthless. Trowbridge. — How about grafting ? Zona. — Carpenter. — Take off the star for East- ern New York. Kellam, of Connecticut. — Has any one tried the experiment of grafting the Iona on stronger vines ? The Mayor of New Haven has two or three vines that are doing very finely indeed. Cornell, of New York. — On strong soil, with good cultivation, they do well with me in Eastern New York ; and it is one of the most delicious grapes that grows out of doors. Leavens, of New Hampshire. — It should be double starred for New Hampshire. One of the best vari- eties ; ripens with the Concord. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — Not worth cultivating in the Gulf States. Loveland, of Connecticut. — This year, we get only half a crop. Sometimes we get a full crop. 64 DISCUSSION ON GRAPES. Moody, of New York. — Is not worth cultivating in the extreme Western part of New York. Our most experienced cultivators have thrown it out. It is too tender for us. Masters, of Nebraska. — I suppose ninety-nine hundredths of all the vines set have failed. Fuller, of New Jersey. — I have never seen a dis- eased Iona vine that was not covered with the grape louse, and if any of you gentlemen have got a dis- eased Isabella, Iona or Delaware vine, I hope you will take it up, and take a magnifying glass and look at it, and see if you have not got that grape louse. It is doing more harm than the climate. Moody, of New York. — In Western New York, they must all he lousy. Dr. Sylvester, of New York. — Several years since, I was a memlfer of the Committee on Grapes at our Western New York Fair, and we had eighteen specimens of the Iona grown by eighteen different individuals in Western New York, and they were as handsome and delicious grajaes as you would wish to find. But notwithstanding this, we find that it is an unproductive vine with us. The complaint is that it has no roots. Now, if we can succeed in grafting this grape on to varieties which have roots, we may save a really delicious grape ; hut I would recommend no man to plant an Iona on its own root. The ex- periment is now being extensively tried in Western New York of grafting it on vines that have healthy roots, and I am looking forward with a great deal of hope for the result. Bush, of Missouri. — That has been my experience in Missouri. I am satisfied that Mr. Fuller has touched on a very vital point. I would like to hear from gentlemen who have had experience in grafting, whether it has any duration. For a couple of years, they will seem to have gained vigor, and to be per- fectly healthy, but I would like to know whether this influence extends beyond three years. Berckmans, of Georgia. — In 1865, 1 grafted about two hundred of the Iona upon the Pauline, which is a very vigorous grower; I also grafted a whole vine- yard of Catawba with Israella, and had a large amount of fruit, but I never have had a perfect bunch of Iona yet. It makes them very prolific in wood. I have had them grow forty feet in one year ; but the fruit will set and decay. The Israella, grafted on the Ca- tawba, is very prolific, but makes very little wood. Moody, of New York. — I think I can answer Mr. Bush. One of our most experienced cultivators has done this grafting, and for a year or two the vines seem to thrive and succeed well, but they go back and fail. Undoubtedly it is from some other cause than that they do not of themselves have any roots. I have no confidence in a plant that does not have roots of its own ; it will not be sustained long by the leaves. It may succeed for a year or two, but it will go back and become entirely worthless in three years. Ives. — Berckmans, of Georgia. — In our part of the South, it is much sujserior to the Hartford Prolific as a market grape and wine grape. We have had re- markably handsome crops of it this year. I was as- tonished, in taking a trip in the upper part of the State during the month of August, to find the markets of Atlanta flooded with that grape, and every bunch perfect. Of course, it is not the best by any means in quality, but it is sufficiently good to make it worthy of great attention in our country. I think it is one of the most desirable varieties we have for market purposes. Dr. Sylvester, of New York. — It has not received the attention it deserves, by a great deal. As Mr. Berckmans observes, it is not a first-class grape, but it is good and sells well. I sent it to New York last year by the side of the Concord, and it brought as good a price as the Concord. It is earlier than the Concord, and, what is more, it will keep a great deal longer. Williams, of Delaware. — It is exceedingly popu- lar with the market men of New York, if anything, more popular than the Concord. Shippers will buy it rather than the Concord, for it bears transportation better. Transou, of Tennessee. — I would like to endorse what Mr. Berckmans has said about the Ives. In Tennessee, it has taken the place, as a market grape, of all others. Col. Wilder, of Massachusetts. — I find it in our markets in perfect condition. It seems to travel better than most other kinds. Although at first we were not quite satisfied with it, I find that at the hotels they think it is going to be popular. A Delegate. — I sell them at sixteen cents a pound in New York. Bush, of Missouri. — 1 pity the purchasers. (Lindley Rogers' No. 9). — Bush, of Missouri. — Give it one star in Missouri. It deserves it as well as any that have been tried there. Col. Wilder. — Nine gentlemen out of eleven se- lected the No. 9, on one occasion, in preference to the Delaware. One of the best. Berckmans, of Georgia. — It is one of the five va- rieties out of the whole lot that I have left. Massasoit (Rogers' No. 3). — Bush, of Missouri. — Much liked in Missouri, but rotted very badly there this year. It is one of the earliest varieties. DISCUSSION ON GRAPES. 65 Martha. — Bush, of Missouri. — It lias gained new laurels, especially near Lawrence. It stood the ter- rible winter even better than the Concord. Dr. Sylvester, of New York. — It is increasing in favor very much ; very hardy, and reasonably pro- ductive. Berckmans, of Georgia. — I can not say that its quality is any better than it used to be ; very insipid. Very prolific, fine bunch ; but no taste; fiat. Ellwanger, of New York. — The same in West- ern New York. Very insipid. Fuller, of New Jersey. — It never was good for anything. It is all for looks. Bush, of Missouri. — I didn't say it was. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — It succeeds very well in the Southern States. Williams, of Delaware. — Is being planted exten- sively in Delaware. It brings twenty-five cents a pound ; is more musky than any grape I ever tasted. Maxatawney. — Saul, of District of Columbia. — In the District of Columbia it is, without exception, the finest of all light grapes, equal even to the Fron- tignac. Transou, of Tennessee. — We endorse what jrou say about it in Tennessee. Berckmans, of Georgia. — It is not very produc- tive. Saul, of District of Columbia. — I have seen it very productive. I have seen a vine on the side of a house, which reached the third or fourth story, and it was loaded with fruit. Norton's Virginia. — Bush. — Is richest in tannin of any variety we have. Cynthiana has very little. , of Georgia. — Does very well in North- ern Georgia. I know of an instance where six gal- lons of wine were made from a vine four years old. Masters, of Nebraska. — We consider it the best grape to make red wine in Nebraska; otherwise, it is considered of no value. Rebecca. — A Delegate. — Take it off the list. Williams, of Delaware. — Seems to grow in Dela- ware. I have known of cases where vines brought five dollars' worth of fruit. Is good on clay soil — not so on light land. Scuppernong. — Berckmans, of Georgia. — With us, indispensable. Most valuable as a wine grape. It is one of the things we can not do without. It can not be grown as far north as Norfolk. Quinn, of New Jersey. — You can't expect us to eat the Scuppernong. Berckmans. — If you could have the ripe fruit from the vine, you would know what it is. I could 9 not say too much in praise of the Scuppernong as a wine grape. It is one of those things that never fail. Of course, I do not compare it with the Dela- ware or other fine flavored grapes, but the question is, where shall we find a grape that will give us a profit ? — and wc have it in the Scuppernong. Transou, of Tennessee. — It is the most profitable wine grape in Tennessee. Union Village (Ontario.) — Fuller, of New Jersey. — I would recommend that it be stricken from the list. Williams. — I second that. Saul, of District of Columbia. — Ditto. Waller. — Quinn, of New Jersey. — I would like to hear about the Waller. Dr. Swasey', of Louisiana. — I have fruited it for two years in Alabama and Louisiana, and it succeeds very well, but I would not give it too high a recom- mendation. It is a very good grape; there is no special objection to it. Fuller, of New Jersey. — Can't do anything with it. Berckmans, of Georgia. — No fruit, although I have had it for six years. Pres. Wilder. — None with me. Dr. Sylvester, of New York. — Did well for a year or two, and then the leaves dropped. Wilder (Rogers' No. 4.) — Balderston, of Mary- land.— Very fine in Eastern Maryland, bunches very well developed. Barry, of New York. — A fine grape for market. Berckmans, of Georgia. — Very good for Middle Georgia. Carpenter, of New York. — One of our best hardy grapes. Harrison, of Pennsylvania. — It is bringing double the price of any native grape among those old connoisseurs on Chestnut street in Philadelphia. Loveland, of Connecticut. — Scarcely aide to stand the winter. Scarcely equal to the Concord. Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana: — Succeeds well in the South, and is really a good grape. NEW VARIETIES. Cynthiana. — Bush, of Missouri. — I recommend to the Committee to add the Cynthiana, and perhaps take into consideration the Cunningham. I will state, in regard to that, that of the vines I had the pleasure of sending to France for testing, my re- ports are that the Cunningham does the best of any. Besides that, in Missouri, it does better than the Herbemont, which sometimes rots, when the Cunning- ham does not. DISCUSSION ON GRAPES. Pres. Wilder. — Does any one know anything about the Champion1? I forget where I had it from. I find that it ripens earlier than any other, and there is little pulp to it. Bush, of Missouri. — I saw it in a price list, and it occurred to me that it might be a mistake in the name, and that it was the Challenge. Pres. Wilder. — I wish to add one name to the list. I was instrumental in inducing Mr. Sogers to bring before the public his hybrids. After all the experi- ence I have had, I wish to say, that No. 43 is always quite fine ; but No. 39, which gentlemen probably do not possess to any great extent, ripens early, and makes a better bunch than Rogers' grapes generally. I have no doubt that it is going to be a valuable grape. The Champion. — Dr. Swasey, of Louisiana. — We have a grape called the Early Champion, which is earlier by ten or fifteen days than the Hartford Pro- lific, and one of the best grapes in cultivation. It originated in New Orleans, and has been sent out by some of our nurserymen this year for the first time. Pres. Wilder. — I have failed all my life in graft- ing vines. I could always hybridize, and raise any- thing I wanted to manipulate, but I never could suc- ceed in grafting grapes. A short time ago, an ad- vertisement came out in a New York paper in relation to a grafting machine by which whole vineyards could be grafted without any loss, or very little. I wrote the gentleman, Mr. Wagner, that I was not prepared to pay fifteen dollars for the machine, but a good many of my vines had got hurt by the frost, and if he would let me try the machine, I would send it back to him. He sent me a machine, and said he should be very happy to let me and my friends try it. I grafted fourteen vines, several of which I thought about dead, and every one of the grafts took. The scions were very small and poor, many of them com- ing to me by mail, others were large, and I had to adjust the machine, and not being much of a me- chanic myself, I did not expect any very good result, but, as I have said, every one of them took finely. I believe that with that machine you may graft a thousand vines without losing ten. I have reason to believe so. Dr. Sylvester, of New York. — Mr. Wagner's machine is used considerably in grafting, with very good success. Any person can learn to graft, from the description he sends with the machine. Fuller, of New Jersey. — I know mine that were grafted are doing well. Certain kinds are successful. Discussion on the Phylloxera. Berckmans, of Georgia. — I desire to offer the following resolution, which will be appreciated in this important time: " Whereas, American vine-growers, are accused in the South of France of having introduced there, the Phylloxera vastalrix or Gall Louse, which is now causing the destruction of thousands of acres of vineyards, it is due to them that this assertion be removed. It is therefore " Resolved, That a committee be appointed, to fully investigate its origin, whether American or imported, the amount of destruction caused here, its area of dissemination, etc. " The committee to report the results of their labors, in the Proceedings of the present session." Motion adopted, and following committee were ap- pointed by the President- Andrew S. Fuller, of New Jersey; P. J. Berck- mans, of Georgia; H. W. Bavenel, of South Caro- lina; Dr. Thos. Taylor, of Washington, D. C. A letter was then read from Hon. W. C. Flagg the Secretary elect, regretting non-attendance in conse- quence of sickness, and wishing cordial success and prosperity to the deliberations of the Society. Upon motion, the Society adjourned. AFTERNOON SESSION. Upon convening in the afternoon, the Discussion on Fruits was dispensed with, and Reports of Com- mittees were received and read, first in order. The President announced several changes in the appointments for Vice-Presidents, viz., H. T. Williams for the State of Delaware, and L. A. Gould for the State of California. The essay of Prof. Asa Gray, " Were the Fruits made for Man, or did Man make the Fruits ? " was re- ceived, and referred to the Committee on Publication. REPORT ON APPLES — AWARDS FOR PEARS. 67 Reports of Committees. REPORT ON APPLES. This was next presented by M. B. Bateham : The Committee on Apples report that the display of this fruit is remarkably large and fine, embracing nearly two thousand plates and dishes, and mostly large, and fair specimens. First among the collections from States, are those from Nebraska and Kansas, remarkable for the size and beauty of the specimens, and the large number of varieties; that from Nebraska embracing one hundred and ninety sorts, besides several good seed- lings, and that from Kansas one hundred and seventy- five. These two assortments were much alike in char- acter and extent, and both highly commendable. Next in extent, quality and variety, is the very large collection from the Province of Ontario, em- bracing one hundred and sixty varieties, besides a number of promising seedlings. The Polk County, Iowa, Agricultural and Horti- cultural Society make a very creditable display of one hundred and fifty varieties. The South Haven, Michigan, Pomological Society exhibited one hundred varieties. From the State of Vermont we find about one hundred and twenty varieties. From the State of Ohio one hundred and ten va- rieties ; from Indiana varieties ; from Con- necticut one hundred varieties, with smaller lots from individuals in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and sev- eral other States. Award of Premiums. — The Committee award the first premium, the Wilder Silver Medal and $ 50, for State collection, to the State of Nebraska ; and the second, the Bronze Medal and $25, to the State of Kansas. The first premium for collection grown by one per- son is awarded to J. W. Eoss, of Perrysburg, Ohio, the Wilder Silver Medal and $50, for a collection of one hundred varieties ; for the second premium, no competition. M. B. Bateham, Lemuel Clapp, J. W. Manxing, Committee. Gov. Furnas. — Nebraska donates her awarded pre- mium of $50 to the Treasury of the American Po- mological Society. We are not here for the purpose of carrying away the money of the Society, but we would like the Medal. [Applause.] President Wilder. — The Governor is following the good example which he set at Richmond, where $100 was awarded, which he donated, very kindly in the same gracious manner, to the Society. AWARDING COMMITTEE ON PEARS. To the President and Members of the American Pomological Society : Your Committee on Pears beg leave to report the following awards and ask your concurrence therein. 1st. For the largest and best collection of pears, correctly named from any State or Society. First premium, the Wilder Silver Medal and $50, to the Cambridge, Mass., Horticultural Society, for one hun- dred and thirty-three varieties. 2d. For second best collection, the Wilder Bronze Medal and $25, to the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture, for one hundred and twenty-two vari- eties. 3d. For the largest and best collection of pears grown by one individual. First premium, the Wilder Silver Medal and $50, to Ellwanger & Barry, of Rochester, N. Y., for three hundred and seventeen varieties. 4th. For the second best collection of pears, the Wilder Bronze Medal and $25, to Hovey & Co., of Cambridge, Mass., for three hundred and twenty-five varieties. 5th. F. &. L. Clapp, of Dorchester, Mass., for col- lection of eighty-six varieties seedling pears, the Wilder Silver Medal. We have also awarded the Wilder Silver Medal as Special Premiums : 1st. To the Fruit Growers' Association, of Ontario, Canada, for collection. 2d. Messrs. Smith & Powell, of Syracuse, N. Y., seventy-three varieties of great excellence, including some plates of remarkable beauty. 3d. E. Moody & Sons, of Lockport, N. Y., one hundred and twelve. varieties, of which the plates of Bartlett and Beurre d'Anjou are exceptionally fine. 4th. Joshua Cooledge, of Watertown, Mass., fif- teen varieties, uniformly large and well grown. 1st, The Wilder Bronze Medal to the Central Del- aware Fruit Growers' Society, for a few varieties of remarkable size. The Committee would remark that, although the collection was exhibited by a State Fruit Growers' Society, several well known varieties were incorrectly named. 2d. G. F. B. Leighton, of Norfolk, Va., for fourteen varieties, including best Duchesse, Seckel, Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Lawrence. 3d. John Saul, of Washington, D. C, fifty-one varieties. 4th. W. D. Breckenridge, of Govanstown, Md., forty-seven varieties. 68 REPORTS ON PEARS AND SEEDLING FRUITS. 5th. Charles W. Itced, of Sacramento, Cal., thirty- nine varieties. 6th. Charles Dickerman, of New Haven, Conn., eighty-six varieties. 7th. Alexander Dickinson, of Cambridgeport, Mass., forty-seven varieties. Stli. Farmers' Club, Sacramento, Cal., thirteen plates, including best Beurre Clairgeau and Easter Beurre, and very good Onondaga. 9th. Nebraska State Agricultural and Horticul- tural Society, forty-three varieties. 10th. Rev. Dr. Burnett, of Province of Ontario, fifty-seven varieties. 11th. Darker Earle, of Cobden, 111., five varieties. 12th. Lewis Slack, of Brookline, Mass., seven va- rieties. loth. R. Cushman, of Pawtucket, R. I., thirty- eight varieties. 1 ■Ith. E. Daniels, of Accotink, Ya.. four varieties. 15th. J. J. Toon, of Atlanta, Ga., seven varieties. H'.tli. W. B. Weeks, of Norfolk, Va., five varieties, including best Howell. The Committee in closing their report, take es- pecial pleasure in calling the attention of the Society to the magnificent collection of pears exhibited out- side of competition by our honored President, which in addition to its general excellence, surpasses in point of numbers any other on exhibition. I'. J. Beeckmans, Georgia. Parker Earle, Illinois. A. W. Harrison, Pennsylvania. P. T. Quixx, New Jersey. KoiiKKT Mannixc, Massachusetts. The President. — Mr. Barry, to whose firm was awarded the Silver Medal and $50 for the best collection of pears from any one individual, desires me to say that he did not compete for money, but he would lie very happy to receive the Medal. [Applause.] Mr. Cold. — The money premium to the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture is donated to the Society. [Applause.] REPORT ON SEEDLING FRUITS. This being presented next in order was read by M. B. Bat chain. Horticultural Ham., Boston, Sept. 12, 1873. To the President and Members of the American Pomoloaical Socivtt/ : The Committee on New Fruits respectfully report that they have examined the fruits on exhibition, and find a large collection of Seedling pears from Messrs. F. & L. Clapp. They are generally good, but none of them superior to similar varieties of the same season, so far as the committee can judge from the specimens before them, only a few being ripe. No. 12 is the best, and worthy of further trial. Dr. Howe, of Connecticut, has a collection of pears, — Nos. 20 and 11', are the best — both small, but well flavored. By George Haskell, of Massachusetts, a seedling peach, small, well colored, sprightly, but not high fla- vored. By A. Foote, of Willianistown, Mass., seedling pears from Seckel and Flemish Beauty, and a seedling apple, Climax, said to be from Nonesuch, — a pretty apple. By Col. 0. H. Irish, Annabel, a seedling apple from Nebraska ; unripe but promising. Nebraska presented a collection of seedling peaches and pears, consisting of a dozen pears and a few peaches. The latter were of moderate merit, the pears were of great excellence, embracing at least three or four which would be regarded as "best" in the pomological scale. This collection of seedling penis is one of the finest we have met with. There were also several seedling apples, which, being yet hard, we could not decide upon the quality. By Dr. Sylvester, an apple of pleasant flavor. SEEDLING GRAPES. N. B. White, of Dedham, Mass. : August Giant, a hybrid between the Labrusca and foreign, unripe ; also Muscat of Norfolk, a white, and Amber Queen, the two promising well. By J. B. Moore, of Concord, Mass. : A collection of seedling grapes, apparently of pure American descent, mostly not ripe enough to decide on their merits, but Nos. 1, 8, 1G and 20 well worthy of fur- ther trial. The collection embraces fifty kinds. By E. W. Bull, of Concord, Mass. : A good collec- tion of seedlings. The committee select the following as promising varieties : Nos. 43. 23, 41, 75, 27, 57, 13. By C. W. Campbell, of Delaware, O. : While Del- aware, small and seedy but good flavor; also The Lady, a showy, white grape, but astringent. By Mr. Arnold, of Paris, Canada: Eighteen seed- lings, but not ripe enough to pass judgment on them. The same may be said of a seedling by Mr. James Don gall, and another by Miss Cooke. A seedling by Stephen Hoyt, of New Canaan, Connecticut: Large berry, handsome bunch, flavor good; if the growing qualities be equally superior it will make a good addition to our list of fruits. By H. E. Hooker, of Rochester, N. Y. : The Brigh- ton, berry large, of a Gatawba color, bunch beautifully formed, flavor superior. If the quality of the vine be good, this one is also valuable. By J. II. Ricketts, of Newburgh, N. Y. : A large collection. The following names and numbers we REPORTS ON FIGS AND ORANGES, AND OBJECTS OF SPECIAL MERIT. 09 regard as the most promising: Don Juan, much like its parent lona ; No. 1 will compare with Hartford Prolific ; Advance, like C reveling, with an lona flavor ; Medora ; Quassaick ; No. 4S, seedling from Delaware ; N..s. 157, 87, 32, 24, L2, 3, 71, 72, 170. The whole Collection generally good. Thomas Meeii \\. Secretary to the Committee. REPORT ON FIGS AND ORANGES. This was next read hy the Secretary : The committee appointed on figs, oranges, lemons, etc., respectfully report that they find eight varieties of oranges, from the Gulf Coast, hy D. Redmond, of Pass Christian, Miss.; also two varieties of oranges, one variety of lemons, one of shaddocks, and one of pomegranates from L. J. Rose, California. Also five varieties of figs by George R. Wilson from Norfolk, Va. Respectfully submitted, G. F. B. Leichton, H. A. Swasey, M. D. For best collection of oranges on exhibition, and as to one eminently worthy of it, we recommend the Wilder Silver Medal be awarded to D. Redmond, of Pass Christian, Miss. Mr. Taylor, of Washington. — The Department of Agriculture has had a series of letters from the growers of oranges in Florida and elsewhere, of late, in reference to a very serious disease which is affect- ing, at the present time, the orange trees. As the case is under my consideration at Washington, I would say here, that I would feel very much obliged to orange growers if they would forward to me any peculiar specimens, especially any that seem to have the appearance of fungoid growth upon them. I have observed that there is a fungus on the tree, in some quarters, which affects the oranges very materially. REPORT ON OBJECTS OF SPECIAL MERIT. This was next read by Mr. Meehan. Horticultural Hall, Boston, Sept. 13, 1873. To the President and Members of the American Pomolcujical Society : The Committee to whom was referred the exami- nation of fruits on exhibition not coming within the awards of the regular committees, beg respectfully to report that in consequence of not knowing at the time of their examination, with certainty, in all cases, of the action of the Awarding Committees, they can only make the following recommendations, subject to the condition that the articles referred to have not received the regular premiums : A collection of fruit from the State of Vermont, forwarded by B. Bryant, Wilder Silver Medal. Stale Board of Agriculture of Connecticut : A col- lection worthy of honorable mention. California, Farmers' Club of California: Fruit of very superior size, and all worthy of special com- mendation ; also worthy of notice, from the same State, is a collection of pears from Charles W. Reed. K. & L. Clapp, Dorchester, Mass.: A large collec- tion of seedling pears. Commending the effort to improve our fruits, as this collection exhibits, we recommend a Silver Medal. For the same reason, a Silver Medal is recom- mended to J. H. Ricketts, of Newburgh, N. Y., for his fine collection of seedling grapes. To the Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society : For a collection of fruit from Salt Lake Val- ley, a Bronze Medal. L. J. Rose, of Los Angelos, Cal., deserves honorable mention for a fine collection of oranges and lemons. A collection of grapes from J. B. Moore, of Con- cord, Mass., receive the special commendation of the committee. Mr. D. Redmond, of Mississippi, exhibits oranges grown in that State. Polk County Agricultural and Horticultural Soci- ety, of Iowa: Silver Medal. Wisconsin : A collection of fruit deserves high com- mendation. South Haven Pomological Society, of Michigan : Collection of fruit — the peaches especially excellent — a Silver Medal. Hoag & Clark, Lockport, N. Y. : Collection of grapes — honorable mention. Georgia furnishes a small but good collection from J. J. Toon. A remarkably fine dish of Porter apples is con- tributed by George Hill, of Arlington, Mass. Fruit Growers' Society, of Ontario : Extensive and excellent collection of fruit — Silver Medal. And also a Silver Medal to George B. Durfee,of Fall River, Mass., for a superior collection of foreign grapes. Messrs. F. & L. Clapp : Clapp's Favorite pears, remarkably fine — Silver Medal. Thomas Meehan, Secretary to the Committee. Earle, of Illinois. — I move one amendment to this report, and that is, that a Silver Medal be awarded to L. J. Rose, of Los Angelos, for those magnificent oranges. I think it must have been an oversight on the part of the committee. Meehan. — The committee report " honorable men- tion." The President. — That will carry a Medal with it, I think. 70 REPORTS ON PLUMS AND PEAR BLIGHT. REPORT ON PLUMS. The Report on Plums was next read by the Secre- tary. To the Secretary of the American Pomological Society : Your Committee appointed to examine the plums on exhibition, beg leave to report that they find a col- lection of forty-six varieties from the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario worthy of the first premium, and therefore award the same the Wilder Medal and $50. A collection of fifteen varieties from the Deseret Agricultural and Manufacturing Society of Utah, very much decayed, but fine specimens. Award, the Bronze Medal. Twelve varieties from C. H. Greenman, of Milton, Wis. We recommend award of Bronze Medal. Also eight varieties from G. P. Peffer, of Pewau- kee, Wis. We recommend award of Bronze Medal. Wm. M. Howsley, Kansas. F. M. Hexamer, New York. E. Williams, New Jersey. REPORT ON PEAR BLIGHT, ITS CAUSE, REME- DY OR PREVENTIVE. The report of Committee on Pear Blight being presented, was read by the Secretary and listened to with close attention. Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, President American Pomological Society: Dear Sir : — The Committee appointed at the last biennial meeting of this Society to investigate the cause of pear blight, and if possible recommend a remedy or preventive therefor, beg leave to submit as follows : The task allotted to your committee is connected with unusual difficulties, as the subject is one that has for more than a quarter of a century remained an unsolved problem. We therefore enter upon the per- formance of our duties with the conviction that our efforts must fall short of doing justice to the object in view. * Pear blight assumes different forms, and lias con- sequently different causes for its origin. One form attacks trees gradually, its approach is slow and may be detected for months, and often during the preced- ing season of growth before the tree is fully affected. This form, which may be termed gradual blight, is seen at all seasons during the period of active vegeta- tion, from early spring until September. The prog- ress is usually arrested by a liberal top-dressing of liquid manure, so far as the roots extend, and a severe cutting back of the branches. This must be done whenever the tree assumes an unhealthy appearance. The cause, then, may be safely attributed to exhaus- tion, and the remedy consists in replenishing the exhausted supply of plant food. This form of blight is often noticed in orchards left unworked. and where the annual or biennial top-dressing with fertilizing agents has been withheld. Another, and this is the most fatal form, attacks a tree or a portion of it suddenly, causing the affected part to blacken in a few hours after the tree is struck. This is commonly termed fire blight. This form is periodical in its attacks and migratory, as it seldom remains permanent in a locality, but leaves an inter- val of from' ten to fifteen years between its occurrences. The greatest intensity is on its first appearance, which occurs usually when the fruit has attained half of its size ; it decreases as the season of vegetation advances, but re-appears again the following summer, with less of its previous intensity. After decimating a section of country during two consecutive seasons, there will be an interval of a series of years, during which blight in its other forms may occur, but there will not be a wholesale destruction, as during the preva- lence of epidemic blight. Every observation tends to the conclusion that fire blight is caused by Zy- motic fungus, whose presence is not detected until life is destroyed in the affected parts. This form offers a wide field for the investigations of microscopists, and from their future labors we hope to arrive, one day, at the origin of this fungoid growth. We are unable to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion, as to what peculiarities of soil and temperature induce the favorable conditions for the development of this fungoid vegetation. In the experimental gardens of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, the following mixture is prepared. Place a half bushel of lime and six pounds of sulphur in a close vessel, pour over it about six gallons of boiling water, adding enough cold water to keep it in a semi-fluid state until cold. It is used as a wash, and applied to the trees and branches as high as can be reached. It should be applied two or three times during the sum- mer. Since this preparation was used, no trees thus treated have been lost, although small limbs, not coated with the mixture, were attacked and de- stroyed. Carbolic acid has also been used, without any perceptible difference in the result, from the lime and sulphur mixture. Boiled linseed oil, applied to the trunk and limbs, has been tried near Norfolk, Ya., with marvelous cures, as reported. We mention this instance of the use of an extraordinary ingredient, resulting in good effects, as contrary to what is usually the result when using this application upon the body of trees, its effects being to seriously injure the tree, if it does not de- stroy it. REPORT, DISCUSSION AND NOTES ON PEAR BLIGHT. 71 Still another form of blight is doubtless caused by mechanical actions, by the rupture of tissues conse- quent to a sudden superabundant flow of sap. This attacks only our most thrifty growing trees, either in early spring, when vegetation first becomes active, or after a period of drought and partial stagnation of vegetation, when abundant rains suddenly force out a luxuriant growth ; moderately vigorous trees are never attacked. It is often noticed, in very vigorous trees, that the bark of the trunk is split longitudinally. Whenever this is apparent, such trees are always free from this form of blight, as the pressure upon the cellular and vascular tissues has been relieved. From a series of experiments commenced in 1857, it is dem- onstrated that trees whose bark had been longitudin- ally incised and divided, never showed any signs of this form of blight. Peculiar methods of culture undoubtedly influence the causes of blight; but upon this there exists a wide range of opinion. Clean culture and repeated stirring of the soil, while it may in many instances be conducive to most beneficial results, will often cause a total destruction of a pear orchard. In sea- sons of Zymotic fungoid, or fire blight, highly culti- vated trees fall early victims to the scourge, while those cultivated in grass, with an annual top-dressing of manure, usually escape the contagion. The third form of blight caused by mechanical ac- tion, is seldom found in orchards where the soil is left undisturbed, but is so common in gardens, or where the trees are thoroughly worked, that it has become only a question of time, for the entire destruction of one's orchard. In the Southern States, this form of blight is the most destructive, as it has become epidemic to all highly cultivated soils. Wherever the land is al- lowed to become coated with grass or weeds, but kept cut down every few weeks and an annual top-dressing of manure is applied, the result has been most satis- factory, in an abundant crop of fruit and an almost entire freedom from blight. P. J. Berckmans, JOSIAH HOOPES, Committee. Discussion on Pear Blight. The reading of the report introduced an animated discussion from the members. Dr. Taylor, of Washington — The attention of mi- croscopists has been called to the pear blight, and if a committee of microscopists could be appointed to investigate that matter, and report two years hence, important information might be obtained. Bryant, of Illinois — I wish to state one fact which conflicts with the opinion expressed in that paper; that is, that trees are more apt to blight in well cultivated soil than in that which is kept in grass. I have planted many pear trees in soil never disturbed by the plow, in prairie soil, and they blighted there as badly as anywhere else. Barry — That is my view also. Parle, of Illinois — I rise merely to move the appointment of a committee, to consist of Dr. Thos. Taylor, microscopist of the Department of Agricul- ture at Washington, to investigate this matter, and report at the next meeting. [Carried.] The Secretary stated that there was still another letter on this subject, written by Dr. Geo. W. Briggs, of California, entitled "Notes on the Pear Blight,"' sub- mitted for publication. At the request of the Societ}' this was next read. Notes on Blight of the Pear. In regard to the vexed question of the cause of blight, your correspondent has faithfully tried for some years to analyze the fungoid theory as a true cause of the disease; and while rust in cotton, smut and rust in small grain may, by the aid of the mi- croscope, very clearly be traced to parasites attacking the structure of the plant or grain under, for them, favorable circumstances as to climate and soil, in no instance have we been able, even with the microscope examining the sap of blighting pear trees, to detect the spores of the fungi ; and even if they do exist in the sap of a diseased tree, it is possible for their pres- ence to be, not the cause of the disease itself, but the consequence, as animalculse in stagnant water. Un- drained or badly drained soil, with its accompanying results in (unhealthy) luxuriant growth on rich lands, stagnant moisture, without any undue luxuriance of growth or severe winters, with c:ld sufficiently in- tense in our climate (which does not occur) to induce what is termed frozen sap blight, and a variety of circumstances connected with the condition of the soil, the tree, and the period of the year when blight in the pear orchard is most frequently observed, have led me to think that the true physiology of pear blight forms a striking analogy to gangrene in the human family, and is essentially a disease of the circulation induced by causes predisposing and exciting, coop- erating on both the roots of the tree in the soil and the air the tree breathes, with the external agen- cies of cold and heat. While unripened wood and frozen sap may be a prolific source of blight in the Northern States, stagnant moisture around the roots on lands not well drained, or from their heavy nature as stiff clays, very retentive of water, must be recog- 72 NOTES ON BLIGHT OF THE PEAR. nized hj every observer as the most common source of blight in Virginia. During rainy seasons, with alternating hot weather, as the present year, (when blight is prevalent,) the trees, stimulated to growth by the heat and unable to feed through their roots as rapidly as their nature requires, diseased sap, watery, thin and improper for nutrition, and blighted branches are the consequence, and in general the more rapid has been the growth of the trees, the more soft and tender the wood, the more extensive the disease. It is not surprising that the sap from blighted trees should show cells broken up, in amorphous matter, and even become putrid in obeying the laws of na- ture in disorganization, like human blood, or that it should contain fungi, the consequence, not the cause of its loss of vis vita. The disorganization of the sap by freezing unrirtened wood and its circulation in the tree, for which it possesses no longer the power of nourishing by the consolidation of its cells, now rup- tured, may possibly act as poison, like those introduced into the human circulation. The predisposing as well as the true and direct causes of blight clearly point, as in gangrene, to some mal-influence on the healthy composition of the fluid sap and the entire concurrence of all observers in the fact that stagnant moisture at the root is the. most prolific source, causes predispos- ing and directly, often producing the disease when the physical conditions of the air as previously stated, prevail ; the inference we think clear and positive, that no pear orchard is safe from blight in a series of years, on any kind of soil, without abundant provision for drainage. In my orchard of twelve hundred trees, a number of cases have occurred to convince me that frozen sap has not been a cause of blight here. For instance, here are buds inserted in July, on the top of six years old trees, the stock above the bud removed, and the tender shoot grows up to frost four feet high, escapes a severe winter with us unhurt, and just be- low this tree stands another on the edge of a stiff clay hill, where drainage is imperfect, and it, with one adjoining, similar in position, are the only trees in the whole orchard which have lost limbs the present sea- son where blight is very prevalent. The soil of this pear orchard is sandy loam with yellowish clay sub- soil, and can be worked very soon after the heaviest rains ; a ditch four feet deep, blinded with bricks, runs across the orchard at the slope of the hill on which it is situated, and its outlet shows a continued stream of water, except during long continued drought. Sundry times young trees growing vigorously have, in the spring, apparently blighted and died outright in a few days ; the tops were cut promptly, and sub- sequently removing the stumps we have found the cause to have been ground mice — short tailed rats, — which had cut and barked effectually the roots of the trees. During the past three years more young trees have been destroyed by these rats than by the blight. The noted Weir Orchard of dwarf pears, all dwarfs, near Norfolk, is one of the most convincing proofs of drainage and its influence on blight that could be de- sired. A similar case is near Portsmouth. Clay hills and heavy clay soils, unless thoroughly drained, are, in Virginia, the worst of all locations for pear or- chards. Without discussing more at length theories of blight or gangrene, which may have both internal causes — the soil, and external — temperature of the air, the remedy, as in frost bite, gangrene from cold, gan- grene from diseased arteries, or certain kinds of food, as ergot of rye — to avoid the cause for which there is no cure. In my experience, standard pears are more sub- ject to blight than dwarf. Doyenne Boussock on the quince— four trees — all blighted and died in two years. Duchesse d' Angoideme on quince, rarely blights on proper soil. Bartlett on quince should never be planted for an orchard ; thirty per cent, fail to do well. Dwarfs, to be healthy, must be hoe- worked and treated like a cabbage-patch for three years after seeding and fruit thinned off yearly. Standard, after two years' clean culture, do well with surface manuring in spring with ashes and bones or old compost, and after one plowing in spring, mowing three times the grass and weeds, mulching trees with the product of mowing before August. Turn over the soil to the trees (after frost for winter surface drainage) in beds, trees on the center. Fifty dwarfs in fruit garden, seeded fifth year after planting in white clover, bone with muck applied to surface around trees every spring, ground mowed by hand three times up to this date, August 1st, and cut down and grass left on ground around the trees. No blight in fruit garden this year. Leaf blight on Beurre Diel showing slightly. Some blight on ends of limbs in Bartlett standard this year, no tree injured. Dana's Hovey, wonderful grower, don't like the fruit as well as Seckel. Six trees have been changed by budding to Moore's Pound. Miscellaneous Reports. The remaining Reports were then presented to be read in order by the Secretary : REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON PEACHES. The Committee on Peaches beg leave respectfully to report that we find the following collections : Howland's Seedling. — From E. Daniels, of Iona, Va., large peach resembling Crawford's Late; too much decayed to judge of its merits. REPORTS ON PEACHES AND NATIVE FRUITS. 73 Ilealh Flower. — From George Pervis, of Nelson County, Va., fair size, resembling Heath Cling. California Seedling and other peaches too far de- cayed to judge of their merits. Seedling from Serrate Early York, inferior in size, and no better than the parent unless the tree may be more hardy. By George Haskell, of Ipswich, Mass. Utah collection, too far decayed to judge of the merits of the peaches. Late Admirable and Stump the World, grown by I. F. M. Farquhar, of Providence, R. I. Central Delaware Fruit Growers' Association. — Twelve varieties, fine specimens, from Milford, Del. ; first premium, the Wilder Silver Medal and $50. Seventeen varieties, private collection from David S. Myers, of Bridgeville, Del. ; first premium, the Wilder Silver Medal and $50. Good specimens of Crawford's Early, in large quantity ; also fine specimens of Melocoton and Old Mixon Free, not labeled, from South Haven, Mich., Pleasant View Fruit Farm, three varieties. Fifteen varieties, named, from Fruit Growers' As- sociation, of Ontario, Canada, a very creditable col- lection; second premium, Bronze Medal and $25. Collection of seven varieties of seedling peaches from Nebraska State Horticultural Society, small in size, two kinds of excellent flavor. Collection of eighteen varieties from Fall River, Mass., exhibited by N. Durfee, private collection. The committee were of opinion that the collection of Mr. Durfee, most of which appeared to have been grown under glass, could not properly compete. The committee find no seedling peach upon exhi- bition which they regard of sufficient merit to enti- tle it to a premium. Geo. W. Campbell, Chairman. J. S. Prettyman, William Schley, E. Wake Sylvester, William Adair. COMMITTEE ON NATIVE FRUITS. New fruits of 1872, 1873 : apples. Lanier. — Large, round, regularly shaped; skin yellow, thickly streaked with carmine and with a pale purplish-carmine cheek, a few green blotches near the base ; calyx small, open in a shallow regular basin ; stalk short, slender, set in a deep cavity ; flesh crisp, brittle, sugary quality, good to very good ; maturity end of October ; a very handsome fruit ; origin, Thos. P. Shaw, Edgefield County, S. C. 10 Etowah. — Medium, conical, very regularly shaped ; skin deep carmine-red, with numerous small white dots; calyx closed in a shallow, corrugated basin; stalk slender, set in a deep, narrow cavity; flesh crisp, brittle, sweet, quality good; maturity January to March. Doubtless a seedling of Shockley, but supe- rior to it. Origin, Mark A. Cooper, Etowah lion Works, Ga. Cooper's Yellow. — Large, flat and very regular ; skin yellow, with a faint red cheek; calyx closed in a shallow, corrugated basin; flesh crisp, brittle, sweet or slightly sub-acid ; quality very good ; maturity October to January ; origin same as Etowah. These two varieties were accidental seedlings and grew near one another. They are doubtless both seedlings of Shockley. Seedling Pomme a" Api. — Medium, quite flat, five- angled denoting its origin to be from Api Etoile or star-shaped Lady apple ; skin yellow, with a pale red cheek ; stalk slender, in a deep cavity ; calyx open, in a deep basin; flesh yellowish- white, sugary and well-flavored ; quality very good to best ; maturity January to May. Origin, Hanover County, Virginia ; growth said to be similar to Pomme d' Api. Speci- mens sent April 29, 1873, in perfect condition, by Jno. M. Allan, Esq., Richmond, Va. Seedling of M. Hamilton. — Large, oblate, sometimes quite flat ; skin yellow, with a faint blush, a few greenish blotches and black specks ; calyx open, set in a shallow basin; stalk short, in a shallow cavity; flesh brittle, juicy, sub-acid and high flavor; quality very good ; maturity January, and has been kept until March. Origin, M. Hamilton, near Columbia S. C. Wythe or Illinois Pippin. — Originated on the farm of Rodolphus Chandler, of Wythe, 111., who says the tree is hardy, very vigorous, forming a round head ; a late bloomer, a great bearer, and the most profitable variety in his orchard. Fruit medium, oblate, reg- ular ; skin whitish, shaded, striped and splashed over two-thirds its surface with bright red; flesh whitish, fine, tender, crisp, juicy, sprightly sub-acid, slightly aromatic ; very good ; January, March. McKinney. — A new variety originating on the farm of Luther McKinney, Crawford, N. Y. ; tree vigor- ous, spreading, an early bearer and very productive alternate years, and a light crop the intervening years. Mr. McKinney says, fruit fair, uniform in size and a promising late-keeping market sort. Fruit medium or above, oblate ; skin deep yellow, with a shade of pale brownish-red ; flesh whitish-yel- 74 REPORT ON NATIVE FRUITS. low, half fine ; rather firm, moderately juicy, mild sub-acid, good to very good ; March, April. Milden or Milding. — From John Copp, of Milton Mills, who writes that it originated in Alton, N. H., and that the tree is a very strong, vigorous, upright grower, and very productive alternate years ; much valued in its locality for family use and market. Fruit large, oblate ; skin smooth, yellow, shaded, mottled, striped and splashed with bright rich red ; flesh whitish -yellow, rather coarse, brittle, juicy, sprightly sub-acid, slightly aromatic ; good to very good ; October, February. Zachary Pippin. — Joseph Taylor, of Belgrade, Me., who sends the fruit, says that it was a chance seedling on the land of John Burbank of that town, and came into notice the year Zachary Taylor was inaugurated ; tree vigorous, forming a large spread- ing top, not an early bearer, but producing good crops when established ; esteemed for its large size and good flavor. Fruit large to very large, oblate ; skin yellow or greenish-yellow, shaded, striped and splashed with light and dark red ; flesh whitish, a little coarse, ten- der, moderately juicy, sub-acid, rather rich, good to very good ; November, December. Smith's Favorite. — Specimens received from Alfred Smith, Winthrop, Me., who states that it originated on the farm of Isaac Smith of that place and that the tree is vigorous, upright at first, but spreading with age and bearing; an annual bearer, but more produc- tive alternate years ; esteemed valuable, especially for market, in the neighborhood of its origin. Fruit medium, roundish, inclining to oblong ; skin pale yellow, striped and splashed over half its surface with light red; flesh pale yellow, half fine, tender, moderately juicy, sub-acid, slightly aromatic ; good to very good ; October, November. Haven. — Origin unknown, but disseminated from the garden of George W. Haven, of Portsmouth, N. H., and was supposed to have been imported by his father early in this century ; tree vigorous and bears good crops annually of uniformly fair fruit of excellent quality. Fruit medium, oblate, conic; skin whitish-yellow, often with a shade of pale red on the sunny side ; flesh whitish-yellow, fine, tender, juicy, rich, lively, pleasant sub-acid ; very good ; December, April. Fall JBroicn or Brown Fall. — An old and excellent amateur variety of unknown origin, but supposed to be the southern part of New Jersey ; tree vigorous, with a round, rather spreading head, very productive alternate years. Fruit rather below medium, oblate ; skin whitish, nearly covered with dull red, and obscure stripes and splashes of a lighter hue ; flesh whitish, fine, tender, juicy, mild, rich, pleasant sub-acid ; very good; Sep- tember, November. Sarah. — Received from Lorin Adams, of East Wil- ton, Me., who writes that it originated on the farm of John Tufts of that place, and that the tree is hardy, very vigorous, spreading, an early and abun- dant bearer, but more so alternate years, and a hand- some and valuable apple of its season in that locality. Fruit large to very large-oblate-conic ; skin yel- low, shaded, striped and splashed with light and dark red over most of the surface, sometimes almost pur- plish in the sun ; flesh whitish, coarse, juicy, tender, brisk sub-acid ; good to very good ; October, No- vember. Dean, or Nine Ounce. — Origin unknown, supposed to be Androscoggin County, Me.; the tree is said to be vigorous, spreading, a good bearer alternate years, and is much valued in that locality. Fruit medium, roundish-oblate-conic; skin whitish, striped and splashed with light red ; flesh quite white, juicy, tender, sprightly sub-acid; very good; Sep- tember, October. Mathews. — Specimens received from Dollins Brother, Greenwood Depot, Va., who say it is a chance seed- ling on the farm of Hugh Foster, of Alton, Nel- son County, Va., where it is esteemed as a choice family fruit. Tree a stout, upright grower, bears an- nually, but most abundantly alternate years ; fruit me- dium, roundish; skin smooth, whitish, pale dull red in the sun ; flesh white, fine, tender, juicy, mild, pleasant sub-acid ; very good ; ripe October, February. Transparent Zoar. — A handsome fall apple which originated with the Zoar Society at Zoar, 0., who state that the tree is a vigorous grower, an early and abundant bearer nearly every year. Fruit large, oblate ; skin a beautiful waxen white, shaded with light pink where exposed to the sun flesh quite white, fine, tender, juicy, mild sub-acid, slightly vinous ; very good ; September, October. Race's Red. — Received from E. G. Studley, of Claverack, N. Y., who writes that it is a chance seedling on the farm of Stephen Race, and a valu- able variety of its season for market and culinary uses ; tree a strong, upright grower, very productive alternate years. Fruit medium, nearly globular ; skin smooth, nearly covered with light scarlet-red, on a yellow ground; flesh white, fine, tender, juicy, jfleasant sub- acid, good to very good ; August, September. REPORT ON NATIVE FRUITS. 75 TEARS. Nabours. — Synonyms, Nabors, Neighbors, Green Clus- ter.— Large to very large ; acute pyriform ; skin dark green, much covered with russet and darker green spots, rough ; stalk long ; calyx open, set in a regular narrow basin; flesh rather coarse, melting, very juicy and sweet with the aroma of the Beurre Amande or Angleterre ; quality very good; maturity August 1st to August 25th. Tree a compact and most vigor- ous grower ; foliage deep green and luxuriant, which is retained until winter ; immensely productive. This variety has been disseminated some twenty years, but is still very little known. Its supposed origin is Alabama. A good market fruit. ADDITIONS TO REPORT OF STANDING COMMIT- TEE ON NATIVE FRUITS. Seedling Pear from Christopher Weigel, of Cleve- land, 0. — Size medium to large ; form oblate obo- vate, acuminate, a rim at the base of stem ; stem very stout, one and one-eighth to one and one-half inches long, curved; calyx half closed, with erect segments ; basin sharp, abrupt, corrugated ; core small; seeds imperfect; flesh yellowish, buttery, melting, juicy, sweet, aromatic ; quality very good ; maturity, middle of September. PEACHES. Tushena. — Large, oblong, coming to a sharp pro- tuberance, suture distinct ; skin yellow, nearly cov- ered with deep orange-red ; flesh firm, vinous, sprightly sub-acid ; quality very good ; cling; ripe in middle Georgia, end of June ; a beautiful, very early clingstone ; tree vigorous and productive ; origin, Mis- sissippi. Connor s White. — Medium, slightly oblong with a small acute apex and slightly depressed on one side ; skin white, nearly covered with crimson and finely pencilled with deeper carmine near the base. Flesh white to the stone, juicy, vinous, sub-acid and well flavored ; clingstone ; maturity June 25th ; the earli- est clingstone known so far ; origin, Mississippi. Chick's Early Cling. — Medium ; skin white, nearly covered with red ; flesh white, vinous and highly flavored ; ripens with Early Tillotson, and is claimed to be still earlier than Connor's White ; origin, I. W. & R. S. Chick, Newberry, S. C. Darby. — Large, round, suture well marked and often with a deep furrow on opposite side ; skin creamy white, with a faint blush wash on one side ; flesh pure white to the stone, finely-grained, juicy, sweet and rich aroma; clingstone ; quality very good ; maturity end of October; belongs to the Heath type, and so far the latest good variety of the type known ; origin, I. W. & R. S. Chick, of Newberry, S. C. Muscogee. — Very large, round or a little one-sided ; suture shallow ; skin dingy, pale yellow, nearly cov- ered with brown-red and a very dark brown-crimson cheek, spotted and striped like the Columbia, very downy ; flesh white with a few red veins near the stone, melting, juicy, buttery and rich, pit small and round; quality very good; maturity August 10 to 20 ; a white-fleshed Columbia ; origin, J. C. Cook, Esq., of Columbus, Ga. Reproduces with much reg- ularity from the stone. Thurber. — Very large, affecting some irregularity in shape, usually globular, at other times somewhat oblong and measuring frequently ten to eleven inches in circumference ; skin creamy-white, washed and beautifully pencilled with carmine and deeper carmine marbling ; flesh white of peculiar fine texture, dis- solving, very juicy, sweet and highly flavored ; free- stone ; quality best ; maturity end of July ; tree a compact and thrifty grower, and does not affect the straggling habit of its parent, the Chinese Cling. This variety has all the merits of the Chinese Cling, with the addition of being a freestone ; origin, L. E. Berckmans, of Rome, Ga. Governor. — Very large, often attaining eleven inches in circumference, globular and always regular in shape ; skin white, nearly covered with red and a purple-crimson cheek ; flesh white, melting, vinous and highly perfumed ; freestone ; quality best ; matu- rity middle of August. Seedling of President which it surpasses in size and quality. Origin, L. E. Berckmans, of Rome, Ga. Improved Pyramidal. — Medium to large ; skin white, nearly covered with delicate carmine and a deep red cheek ; flesh white, juicy, melting, vinous and highly flavored; freestone; quality best; ma- turity August 1st ; origin, L. E. Berckmans, of Rome, Ga. The habit of the tree is similar to a Lom- bardy poplar ; it attains a height of thirty feet. The original variety was discovered many years ago by Mr. W. P. Robinson, now of Atlanta, in a nursery row in Kentucky. Its fruit is small, flesh white, dry and very inferior. The improved seedling assumes the habit of the parent with the additional merit of producing an excellent fruit. Alexander's Early Peach. — Received from J. Capps & Son, who write that it originated on the farm of 0. A. Alexander, near. Mount Pulaski, 111., and that the tree is healthy and vigorous, and ripens two weeks earlier than Hale's Early. Fruit medium, roundish, inclining to oblate, or 76 REPORTS ON GRAPES AND FOREIGN FRUITS. slightly depressed, regular and smooth, suture slightly sunk ; nipple very small, eye rather deeply sunk ; skin greenish-white nearly covered with deep rich red, almost purplish in the sun ; flesh whitish, stained next the skin, white at the stone, which is small and free, juicy, sweet, vinous, very good. GRAPES. Pedee. — A seedling of the Scuppernong, which it resembles in size and flavor, hut differs from it in season of maturity, which is fully one month later, or middle of October ; origin, Dr. H. Williamson, of Darlington, S. C. BLACKBERRIES. Snyder Blackberry. — This was found by Mr. Snyder on his farm near La Porte, Ind., and was exhibited before the La Porte Horticultural Society, and named Snyder. It is said to be hardy, very pro- ductive, fine flavor, no core, and one-eighth less in size than Kiltatinny or Lawton. P. J. Berckmans, Chairman. Charles Downing, Robert Manning, Thomas Meehan, W. C. Flagg, P. T. Quinn, John M. Allen. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON GRAPES. The Committee on Native Grapes other than seed- lings, would submit the following report: For the largest and best collection of named na- tive Grapes, from any State or Society, Pirst premium, Ontario Fruit Growers' Associa- tion, Wilder Silver Medal and $50. Second premium, South Haven, Mich., Pomologi- cal Society, the Bronze Medal and $25. For the best collection grown by one individual : First premium, J. H. Ricketts, Newburgh, N. Y., the Wilder Silver Medal and $50. Second premium, Hoag & Clark, Lockport, N. Y., the Bronze Medal and $25. For the largest and best collection of named Grapes grown west of the Rocky Mountains: Premium, James Rutter, Florin, Cal., the Wilder Silver Medal and $50. For the largest and best collection of Grapes grown under glass, George B. Durfee, Fall River, Mass., the Wilder Silver Medal and $50. H. H. Farley, New York. C. C. Shaw, New Hampshire. Samuel Hape, Georgia. C. C. Hamilton, Nova Scotia. George Thurber, New York. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN FRUITS, FALL OF 1873. In submitting the report on Foreign Fruits, the committee would respectfully say, that but few new valuable varieties have been fruited during the past two years. PEARS. St. Therese. — Medium to large ; pyriform, oblong ; skin bronze-red, sprinkled with dark dots ; fruit melt- ing, sweet, very good to best; October. Duhamel dn Monceau. — Fruit large, long, pyriform ; skin rather rough, nearly covered with brownish-rus- set; melting and juicy, with flavor of Winter Nelis, delicious ; last of November and December. Beurre Samoyeau. — Medium size ; skin yellow, with a red cheek ; flesh buttery, juicy and good ; November. Madame H. Desportes. — Medium size ; skin yellow, with reddish dots ; flesh, melting and juicy ; last of September and first of October. Abbe de Beaumont. — Medium size ; skin greenish- yellow, marbled with russet ; flesh melting, juicy and very good ; August and September. Eugene Appert. — Medium size, roundish; skin rough, brownish-yellow; flesh melting, sweet, per- fumed, delicious ; October. Summer Beurre a" 'Aremberg. — -Medium to small; pyriform ; skin yellow, with blotches of russet, like old Beurre a" Aremberg; flesh fine, melting, juicy, vinous, delicious, quite equal to the old ; last of September. Among the varieties of pears that were reported upon at the last meeting, the following have proved of more than ordinary merit : Therese Appert, Madame Treyve, Souvenir du Congres, Duchesse Precoce, Bonne de Puits Arnault. The following are valuable additions to the list of Apricots and Peaches. APRICOTS. Early Moorpark. — Medium size ; very early and ex- cellent; last of July. Alberge de Montgamet. — Large, early, juicy and good ; last of July. Raisha. — Medium size; fine quality; early; last of July. PEACHES, (RIVERS.) Early Victoria. — Small size, like Early York; fine flavor ; first of September. RESOLUTIONS — NATIONAL CENTENNIAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. 77 Princess of Wales. — Medium to large; roundish oval; skin marbled and washed with pale red; deli- cious flavor; adheres somewhat to the stone; first of September. Early Silver. — Small to medium ; pale yellow and red, with a silvery down ; fine quality, juicy and de- licious ; second week in September. ' PLUMS. Seine Claude Rouge. — Small, round, purple ; size of Green Gage ; flesh, green, juicy, very fine, with a Green Gage flavor ; September. Jodoigne Green Gage. — Beautifully marbled with purple ; fine quality ; size and form of a good Green Gage; September. Geo. Ellwancee, Chairman of Committee. Resolutions. Mr. S. H. Colton, proposed the following Resolu- tions, which were passed with hearty appreciation. Resolved, That the cordial thanks of this Society, be extended to William Gray, Jr. and H. H. Hunne- well, Esq., and their wives, for the elegant and gener- ous entertainments, which they gave to the members of this Society at their splendid residences yesterday. The recollection of the very agreeable and enjoyable time we spent there, while walking over the beautiful grounds, and partaking of the sumptuous fare of the generous hosts, will ever be cherished by us as one of the pleasantest occasions of this interesting gathering. Resolved, That the Secretary be requested to for- ward a copy of the above resolutions, to the above- named gentlemen, signed by himself and also by the President. Mr. Barry, of New York. In connection with that, I have a duty to perforin of a similar nature. It is well known to all the members that since we came here to attend this meeting, we have received a great many courtesies from the President and members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, from the Mayor of the City, and the citizens generally, and it is but right that we should acknowledge them. I will therefore offer this resolution : Resolved, That the thanks of this Society be and are hereby tendered to the Massachusetts Horticultu- ral Society for the liberal and excellent manner in which they have jjrovided for this meeting, and for the many courtesies extended to our members, espe- cially in throwing open to them one of the finest ex- hibitions of rare exotic plants and flowers ever seen in this country, and inviting them to the banquet at Music Hall this evening. Also. Resolved, That our thanks arc due to His Honor the Mayor of Boston, Hon. H. L. Pierce, for his kind re- ception of our members in Faneuil Hall. The resolutions were unanimously adopted. Mr. Earle, of Illinois, introduced a resolution favor- ing the project of extending the session of the So- ciety, from three to six days. After discussion by 1 >r. Howslej', Bush. Taylor, Adams, Hoopes, and others, it was finally laid on the table. Dr. Sylvester, of New York, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to confer with the railroads, freight agents and com- mon carriers, to have fruits transported on the same terms as other agricultural products. The President appointed the committee as follows : Dr. Sylvester of New York, and Messrs. Moody of Lockport, and Barry of Rochester. National Centennial Horticultural Society. Mr. Harrison of Philadelphia. — We wish to invite you to contribute to the Horticultural Department of the Centennial Exhibition. The Park Commission- ers have offered thirty-nine acres of ground to be laid out in an ornamental manner, three hundred acres be- ing devoted to the purpose of the entire Exposition. It is suggested that we should grow all kinds of out- door fruits and plants, and to arrange the horticultural building so as to exhibit plants in different temper- atures, illustrating the different classes, hardy, half- hardy, tropical and semi-tropical. Mr. Barry of New York. — There is one thing we might do in reference to the centennial. They have invited all the Horticultural and Pomological Societies to send delegates to Philadelphia, to confer with them in reference to that exhibition, on the 17th of this month. I would move that the President be ap- pointed a delegate to go to Philadelphia at that time, to represent this Society, with power to appoint a sub- stitute if he is unable to attend. [Carried.] On motion of Mr. Bush of Missouri, the thanks of the Society were tendered to Mr. H. T. Williams, Secretary pro tern for his kind services. Mr. Auger of Connecticut, moved a vote of thanks to the several railroads and steamboats, who gave the delegates free return tickets, which was passed. A vote of thanks was then passed to Col. Wilder for his courtesy and urbanity in presiding over the sessions of the Society. The Society then adjourned sine die. BANQUET AT MUSIC HALL, FRIDAY EVENING. The doors of Music Hall were thrown open at five o'clock and shortly after the members of the Horti- cultural and Pomological Societies, with their friends and ladies, began to assemble to participate in the pleasures of the social banquet provided for them. This had been arranged as a parting compliment to the members of the Pomological Society from abroad by the members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Music Hall was transformed into a scene of festivity, and horticultural splendor. This was the wedding feast of the Silver Anniversary of the So- ciety, celebrated as its crowning glory, under auspices of the most sumptuous hospitality. The beauty of the arrangements were referred to by the Boston Jour- nal thus : " The fragrant offerings of the goddess Flora and the luscious gifts of Pomona, the bright colors of the northern conservatory and the dark, feather-like foliage of tropical growth ; the brilliancy of flashing silver, relieved by delicate twining vines ; the elegant costumes, bright faces and sparkling eyes ; the deep tones of the great organ and the sweet strains of the orchestra combined to please the eye and the ear and gratify that finer taste in which cultured men and women find the highest delight. " The place of honor on the platform was a circular table which was almost covered with an immense bouquet of light blossoms, and this was flanked on either side by smaller tables graced with smaller bou- quets, at which the distinguished guests of the occa- sion were seated. On either side of the great organ rose immense towering pyramids of brilliancy and fragrance, and the platform was bordered with rare potted plants, while the extreme edge was starred thickly with spikes of many-hued gladiolus from which drooped graceful fringes of smilax. " The main attraction of the hall was a large table which ran lengthwise of the floor from the center of the platform, and was covered with the most elaborate silver ware as an appropriate offering to the Silver Anniversary of the Society, in whose honor the ban- quet was given. Tall flower-stands of solid silver, wrought into the most perfect semblance of the ferns and floral ornaments they upheld ; brilliant candela- bras of silver and all of the necessary accessories of the table, made of the same precious metal, were festooned and linked together in the most beautiful designs with graceful wreaths of smilax hanging from the nicely arranged pyramids of flowers placed at regular intervals. Tall ferns and palms waved their delicate green foliage above the heads of the passing throng, and the sides of the hall were bordered with a variety of variegated plants and flowers. " Small social round tables were placed in a double row entirely around the hall, at which the guests who were favored with reserved tickets were seated. The first balcony was bordered with a fine array of exotic foliage. While the guests were gathering, the great organ was played for a half hour, and the scene from the balcony, while the elegant costumes of the ladies in the general promenade mingled with the flowers and the ferns, was brilliant in the extreme. The gath- ering was especially notable for the presence of men of prominence in all the walks and callings of life, not only from all sections of Massachusetts, but from the North, the South, the East and the West." President Strong of the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society, and the venerable President Wilder of the Pomological Society, Governor Washburn, Mayor Pierce, Dr. George P. Loring, and Mr. Patrick Barry, of Rochester, N. Y., with several ladies, were seated at the central table on the platform, while prominent delegates, and other distinguished invited guests with their ladies, occupied the smaller tables on the right and left. The assemblage on the floor, was one of mark. Collector Russell and daughter, Revs. Dr. Webb and Miner, ex-Governor Washburn, Hon. Alexander H. Rioe, Hon. George S. Hillard, Hon. Rufus S. Frost, Hon. Josiah Quincy and a host of distinguished faces were among the throng. After the organ concert, the orchestral music of the Germania Band, which was stationed in the balcony, filled the fragrance-laden air with sweet harmonies, ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT STROKG — RESPONSE OF PRESIDENT WILDER. 79 both while the platform guests came in and were seated and while the sumptuous banquet was served. Grace was said by the Rev. James H. Means, of Dor- chester. After the banquet, chairs were brought in, and when the company were comfortably seated, 1 'resi- dent Strong, of the Massachusetts Society, called the assemblage to order, and made the following speech of welcome : Address of President Strong. Members of the American Pomological Society : La- dies and Gentlemen. — It is with special pleasure that I welcome you to the festivities of this hour. We fully appreciate the legitimate work of the Conven- tion. It is supreme authority in determining the nomenclature of the fruits of this widely extended Republic, and the Dominion of Canada. It settles, so far as is possible, the relative value of the various fruits and their adaptation to the different sections of our country. It diffuses valuable information which could not otherwise be obtained. It awakens an interest and stimulates the enterprise of our cul- tivators. More than this, and shall I say most im- portant of all, it creates a bond of good fellowship, which is a happy augury for the future of our country. In the early history of the Repjublic, it was feared that the material interests of the thirteen States were so diverse, and the distances were so great, that the Union would fall asunder of its own wreight. What shall be said now that our bounds stretch across the continent ? Yet we are never to forget that an equally vast change in diminishing distances has been wrought by the power of steam and the telegraph. Practically, we are nearer together than were the old thirteen States. And in my judgment it is of utmost importance that we cultivate that nearness, not merely by the free interchange of the products and the rapid transmission of news, but more especially by a thorough acquaintance and in- termingling of the people of the different sections and the formation of friendships which shall be stronger than political ties. It is in this aspect that I welcome you to these hospitalities and this free in- terchange of social amenities. We have been weav- ing cords the past week which unite hearts in enduring bonds of friendship. Let us do all that is in our power to strengthen those bonds. It is but natural that I turn to one who has been most active in every such good work and give you, as the first sentiment of the evening — ''Hon. Marshall Finckney Wilder — Pomology and Horticulture alike claim him as one of their most devoted and self-sacrificing patrons, and vie with each other in doing him honor." The sentiment was received with loud applause and was followed with " Auld Lang Syne " by the orchestra. Col. Wilder, as he arose to speak, was greeted with loud and prolonged applause. He re- sponded as follows : President Wilder's Address. Mr. President : I am deeply sensible of the honor conferred by the sentiment wdiich you have just an- nounced. It is a singular felicity, sir, that we, as citizens of the same city, should be called on to ex- change these courtesies of official duty. But I beg to assure you, in behalf of the American Pomological Society, that nothing could be more grateful to us than to be thus kindly remembered by you. The present occasion will be memorable in the an- nals of American pomology, not only as marking an important epoch in the history of our Society, but for the large assemblage of the best cultivators of our land, and the remarkable collection of fruits wdiich has graced the exhibition of the week. But the thought which engrosses my mind at the present moment, is the wonderful progress of fruit culture during the present century. True, our Puritan fathers in planting the seeds of empire did not forget to plant some fruit trees. Gov- ernor Endicott at Salem, Governor Stuyvesant at New York, and Peregrine White at Plymouth planted their pear and apple trees. But during the first century and a half very little attention was given to the cultivation of fruits. It was not until after the establishment of the London and Paris Horticultural Societies, the former in 1808, and the latter in 1827, that any considerable progress, had been made in the improvement of fruits. In fact, there were very few Horticultural or Agricultural So- cieties extant until the beginning of the present century. The first Agricultural Society established on this continent was the Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture in 1785, of which our own Timothy Pickering was the first secretary. It is but just to state that a similar society had been started in South Carolina a month previous, but I believe does not now survive. The second Agricul- tural Society in America was the Massachusetts So- ciety for Promoting Agriculture, formed in 1792, whose delegates honor us with their presence this evening. But to confine myself to Horticultural So- cieties. The first, still existing, in America was the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, established in 1827 ; the second was the Massachusetts Horticul- 80 RESPONSE OF GOVERNOR WASHBURN. tural Society, formed in 1829. The first National Pomological organization, of which we have any knowledge, *was the American Pomological Society, whose Quarter Centennial we this day celebrate. Now there are more than one thousand agricultural, horticultural and kindred associations registered on the books of the Department at Washington. You have been pleased to allude to me in connec- tion with Horticulture as well as Pomology. Well, sir, let me say that, from my earliest years, I cannot remember the time when I did not love the cultiva- tion of the soil, and the more I am brought into com- munion with nature, the more am I filled with grati- tude to the Giver of all good that he gave me a love for fruits and flowers, and cast my lot where I might enjoy them and have sweet intercourse with these lovely objects of creation. And who does not look with wonder and admiration on the infinitude, beauty and perfection of these works of the Hand Divine — the enamelled blossom bespangling the orchard with starry spray scarcely less numerous than the glitter- ing host above, dancing in rainbow hues and flinging on the breeze a fragrance richer than Ceylon's isles, — sweet harbinger of bountiful harvest ! The luscious fruits, God's best gift to man, save woman — the vel- vet peach, mantled with beauty's softest blush, and vying with the oriency of the morning ; the deli- cious plum, veiled with silvery bloom over robes of purple or cloth of vegetable gold ; the royal grape, the brilliant cherry, the melting pear and the burn- ished apple, tempting human taste from the mother of our race to her last fair daughter. But what pen- cil can sketch the changing hues, the magnificence and glory when Pomona pours from her ever flowing lap the varied treasures of the ripening year. Here are creations originally pronounced " very good." Here are beauties which fade only to re-appear again. From the beginning there seems to have been an intimate connection between trees and man. Trees are spoken of as though man could not live without them, as though Divine Beneficence had given them to us as companions for life, and as emblems of all that is beautiful in imagery, excellent in character, or hopeful in destiny. Our trees — from the opening bud to the golden harvest — from the laying off of their autumnal livery, and during their rest in win- ter's shroud, waiting a resurrection to a new and^ superior life — are all eloquent preachers, proclaiming to our inmost soul, " The hand that made us is Di- vine." God gave us trees adorned with inimitable beauty, pleasant to the sight and good for food. He gave us, also, a natural and instinctive love for them. Witness the love of Abraham desiring to have all the trees that were in the field, and in the border round about — of Kosseau longing to be laid under his own sequestered trees — of Temple directing that his heart should be buried beneath the tree of his own planting — of Washington returning to the cher- ished groves of Mount Vernon — of Webster reclin- ing in life, and sleeping in death under the umbra- geous elms of Marshfield — of our own Downing, "whose genius lives in trees which adorn many a lovely landscape, many a beautiful garden, and many a fruitful orchard in our land. But, Mr. President, I must not prolong this train of thought. Permit me, sir, again to thank you, for the numerous courtesies and hospitalities which have been received at your hands and those of our fellow-citizens, and especially for the pleasures of this occasion, and the brilliant assemblage with which you have surrounded us. The remarks of Col. Wilder were frequently inter- rupted with applause. After a selection from " Fra Diavolo " by the or- chestra, Mr. Strong stated that at his request Col. Wilder had kindly consented to preside for the re- mainder of the evening. Col. Wilder then announced the first regular sen- timent, as follows : " Massachusetts — The strong mother who rears her children by a rugged discipline, the generous mother who endows them with bountiful gifts ; she has raised a Governor whose excellence as a magistrate is only equalled by his worth as a man." [Applause.] Governor Washburn was greeted with loud a2iplause and responded as follows : Response of Governor Washburn. Ladies and Gentlemen : — I thank you for this kind greeting. I am most happy to be jiresent on so inter- esting an occasion. The atmosphere which we are permitted to breathe this evening is most delightful to many of us, and I have felt, when called upon to say a word, that the occasion is more eloquent than any words which I can utter. To any one who has been permitted to examine the exhibition in these halls it must have seemed that almost every State and every Territory in the Union was speaking in a manner that no mere words could impress upon a person. We are called abroad a nation of boasters. How apt we are to proclaim to the world what we can ilii. and we proclaim it so often, that we are becoming almost tired of these professions, and are ready to say, " Give us an example, and not a profession." So I feel in regard to this exhibition which we have been permitted U< witness, and to these friends of ours, w-ho have come forward with their exhibition to show to us what they have been enables to accomplish RESPONSE OF PRESIDENT SCHAFFER. 81 and not with empty professions of what they can do. [Applause.] I am most happy to say to our friends from the States and the Territories, that they are most welcome to our good State on so interesting an occasion as this, and however much they may have been disappointed, some of them, as they came upon our soil, at its barrenness as compared with the rich- ness of their own, still we say to them, there is no better State in this broad Union of ours in which to make the exhibition presented on this occasion. [Loud applause.] If we have not so rich a soil, yet we say that we here produce men and women who are enabled to do a work equal to any which can be accomplished in any State in the land. And we wel- come you on this occasion, and are interested to know by the productions, that our distant Western States and Territories are little behind the older States in that prosperity and success which has attended their efforts in the exhibition which has been presented to us. But I know that this occasion belongs to others instead of me, and I have only a word or two more. I recollect full well, when a mere child, passing by the home of your honored President, and how I looked upon the efforts he was making in behalf of this Com- monwealth, and I might say of the country at large, in developing the interest in which he was engaged. I felt then that he had accomplished what few men could live to accomplish. He seemed to have risen to the same position which he now occupies ; but, how much he has since accomplished ! As I looked upon the table, spread from one end to the other by his own labor, I thought, would to God there had been some way provided by which these efforts and powers might be perpetuated from generation to generation, in order that he still might go on increasing and benefiting the country at large by his efforts in this direction. [Applause.] But, my friends, I recollected that although he might pass away, his works would live after him, and the monument he had been able to rear and perpetu- ate would stand when the mere monuments of granite and marble should be forgotten ; this monument which will speak in language too eloquent ever to be for- gotten over this broad land of ours. [Loud applause.] After more music, Col. Wilder announced the next sentiment as follows : " The Pennsylvania Horticultural Society — The first Horticultural Society established on this continent ; fruitful in its labors and broad in its influence, it is her mission to lead ; let her fulfill it." [Applause.] Mr. Schaffer, President of the Pennsylvania Hor- ticultural Society, was introduced and was greeted with applause. He responded as follows : 11 Response of President Schaffer, of Pennsylvania. Mr. President: — I rise to thank you on behalf of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, for the flat- tering sentiment you have just read, and when I re- turn home I shall tell our people they must look well to their honors, or they will be carried off by their first-born. We have other favors to thank you for, Mr. President. We thank the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society for this bountiful and beautiful en- tertainment ; we thank Mr. Gray and Mr. Hunnewell for their hospitable entertainment, as well as for the opportunity afforded us to visit their truly beautiful places, and we thank especially His Honor, your Mayor, for the very kind reception accorded us on Wednesday morning in Faneuil Hall. Mr. President, I have often stood in Independence Hall, but even there I never was stirred as I was on that morning as I looked on the portraits of Hancock, Adams and Quincy. I thought of the great events which occurred in that hall just one hundred years ago, when, in August, 1773, your people, led by these and other patriots, assembled there to appoint a com- mittee to call on the consignees of the tea to be shipped to your port by the East India Company, re- questing them to resign ; of all the other anxious and earnest proceedings had there, until that final meet- ing on the loth of December, after the arrival of the Dartmouth with the teas, culminating in what is known as the great Boston Tea Party. This event, Mr. President, is worthy a centennial celebration. Perhaps it may be called the initiative of the bloody war in which the sons of South Carolina, North Caro- lina and Virginia stood shoulder to shoulder with those of Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania, resulting in our becoming an independent nation. Mars then ruled the hour. Happily his temple is now closed — may it remain closed in this land forever. How different the circumstances of our present meet- ing I The gentle Pomona looks down with approval on our efforts, and waves us on in the peaceful path we are now pursuing. We have here to-night Mr. President, not only delegates from the old thirteen, but we have delegates from a far greater number of new States and Territories, striving for and carrying off the palm of victory. Before I sit down, Mr. President, I desire to say that we of Pennsylvania take a deep interest in the success of the approaching Centennial Celebration, and I doubt not you all have the same feeling. The Pennsylvania Horticultural Society has been requested, by the Executive Committee of the Centen- nial Commission, to organize a National Association 82 RESPONSE OF MAYOR PIERCE, GOV. FURNAS AND HON. LEVERETT SALTONSTALL. on Horticulture, with whose assistance they hope to make this department of the exhibition a great suc- cess. For this purpose a meeting of delegates has been called in Philadelphia on Wednesday next, the 18th inst., at 12 o'clock, in Horticultural Hall, at which time I hope all delegates here present will be able tn attend. Mr. Sehaffer's remarks were applauded, and after " Hail Columbia " by the band, Col. Wilder announced the next regular sentiment as follows : " The City of Boston — Renowned alike for her hos- pitality, philanthropy and patriotism ; in her Mayor we recognize a native seedling, giving great promise of becoming a popular fruit." [Applause and laughter.] Mayor Pierce, of Boston, was introduced and greeted with loud applause, after which he re- sponded as follows : Response of Mayor Pierce. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : — In rising amid this scene of beauty which surrounds me, to re- spond to the sentiment which has been offered, my first impulse is to return my grateful thanks for the invitation which has brought me here to-night. I did not come here, my friends, to make an address, but rather to escape for a brief hour from the cares and anxieties of public duty. We may well congratu- late ourselves, that the American Pomological Society selected our State in which to hold this anniversary. The exhibition of flowers and of fruits which has been spread before our citizens, during the past week, can- not fail to exert upon them a most refining and ele- vating inlluence. No one can behold these beautiful flowers and this delicious fruit, which have been spread before our e3*es, without calling out from within him all that is noble and best in his nature ; and for this reason I return you iny own thanks, and the thanks of all our citizens, that this Society has honored us with its presence at this time. [Applause.] The Chairman then announced the next regular sentiment as follows '• The Great Valley of the West— The orchard of Uncle Sam's farm, which furnishes supplies to all the world, and leaves an ample store at home." I will call upon His Excellency Gov. Furnas, of Nebraska, to respond. [Loud applause.] Response of Governor Furnas. I thank you, Mr. President, for the honor of being called before this assembly. It is said that " there is a time and place for all things." I was struck by the remark made by His Excellency, your Governor, that the surroundings here speak louder than man could speak. We bail from the youngest State in the Union — a State to which you were pleased to give the name, two years ago, of "the infant State of the Union," and it is not our purpose, and would not be- come us, under these circumstances, to come here and talk before you, old men, upon the subject of pomol- ogy. We have brought you our fruits, and placed them before you. They, like your hospitality, speak for themselves, and we content ourselves by sitting at your feet and learning wisdom in this matter. I trust that you will excuse me, now, from making any further remarks than simply to put in an appear- ance, as we are here for the purpose, Mr. President, of learn^ig, not of teaching. I thank you again for the honor you confer upon me. [Applause.] And I also feel gratified that we are here thus to honor the distinguished President of the Society, who has spoken to you so beautifully to-night. And I also thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for your kind attention to what I have said, and I beg you will excuse me from further occupying your time. [Loud applause.] The next regular toast was then announced as fol- lows : " The Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agri- culture— The uniform friend of agriculture and rural economy ; the annals of husbandry attest the value of her labors." Mr. Wilder called upon Hon. Leverett Saltonstall, Vice-President of the Society, to respond. Mr. Sal- tonstall was on the floor of the hall and rose to speak there, but was called to the platform amid applause. He responded substantially as follows : Response of Hon. Leverett Sal- tonstall. Mr. Saltonstall said that he came there to listen, and little expected to he called upon to speak. It was a rare privilege for him, however, to be present as the representative of the time-honored Society for Promoting Agriculture. It was not expected that he should make a review of the history of the Society, which was familiar to the agriculturists and horticulturists of the laud. In 17(J2, upon this old barren soil, and rocks and ice, a few noble-hearted men, the very best of her sons, gathered together — Samuel Adams and John Adams and James Bowdoin, Thomas L. Winthrop and Christopher Gore — men who felt that upon agriculture depended the whole future of this young country — such men as these as- sembled and formed this Society. The records of the Society give a singular instance of what was then thought the future of the country, where appear the THE ODE — RESPONSE OF HON. MR. DANIELS. s:; words of John Lowell, that he hoped to see the time when every farmer would be able to put into his barn, for winter use, at least five barrels of apples, [laugh- ter] a state of things that the farmers of New Eng- land, in their wildest dreams, never conceived would come to pass. Look upon the country at that time, and then come down to the present time and look upon this broad land, and try and picture what those noble men would think, could they have gazed upon what we have this week witnessed. Mr. Saltonstall drew a vivid contrast of the country at the time the Society for Promoting Agriculture was formed, and its condition now, and asked if they might not well be startled at its marvellous growth. In conclusion, he expressed the hope that by this friendly rivalry in the production of fruits and flowers and provisions of all kinds, the States of the whole Union might be brought into closer and more harmonious relationship. [Loud applause.] The Ode. Mr. Nelson Varley then sang, in a very fine man- ner, the following beautiful ode, written by Miss Hannah F. Gould for the anniversary dinner of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, in Boston, Oc- tober 3, 1832. The music was written for the oc- casion, and dedicated to Col. Wilder, by Mr. F. H. Torrington : From him who was lord of the fruits and the flowers That in Paradise grew, ere he lost its possession — Who breathed in the balm and reposed in the bowers Of our garden ancestral, we claim our profession ; While fruits sweet and bright Bless our taste and our sight, As e'er gave our father, in Eden, delight. And fountains as pure in their crystal still gush By the Vine in her verdure, the Kose in her blush. While others in clouds sit to murmur and grieve That Earth has her wormwood, her pitfalls and brambles, We, smiling, go on, her rich gifts to receive, Where the boughs drop their purple and gold on our rambles. Untiring and free, While we work like the bee, We bear off a sweet from each plant, shrub and tree. Where some will find thorns but to torture the flesh, We pluck the ripe clusters our souls to refresh. Yet not for ourselves would we draw from the soil The beauty that Heaven in its vitals has hidden ; For, thus to lock up the fair fruit of our toil Were bliss half-possessed and a sin all-forbidden. Like morning's first ray, When it spreads into day, Our hearts must flow out, until self fades away; Our joys in the bosoms around us, when sown, Like seeds, will spring up, and bloom out for our own. And this makes the world but a garden to us, Where He, who has walled it, his glory is shedding. His smile lays the tints ; and, beholding it thus, We gratefully feast while his bounty is spreading. Our spirits grow bright As they bathe in the light That pours round the board where in joy we unite ; While the sparks that we take to enkindle our mirth Are the gems which the skies sprinkle down o'er the earth. And, now, that we meet, and the chain is of 'flowers, Which bind us together, may sadness ne'er blight them, Till those who must break from a compact like ours, Ascend, and the ties of the blest reunite them! May each who is here At the banquet appear, Where Life tills the wine-cup, and Love makes it clear. Then Gilead's balm in its freshness will flow O'er the wounds which the pruning-knife gave us below. The next sentiment was "Virginia, the home of great men. She has taken many first prizes. We give a hearty welcome to her delegation." Hon. Mr. Daniels, of Richmond, was called upon to respond, which he did as follows : Eesponse of Hon. Mr. Daniels. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : — The senti- ment which has just been read, upon an occasion like this, and in this city of Boston, cannot fail to awaken a responsive thrill in the heart of every Virginian. Why, sir, every time that I go by the building where the bold House of Burgesses acted in Revolutionary days, I can almost hear the voice of Patrick Henry as he said, "Give me liberty, or give me death." I remember, as every Virginian ought to remember, that these words ran along the electric line of com- mon consent, until they were echoed back in old Fan- euil Hall by Samuel Adams and James Otis in the city of Boston. And in the dark days of the Revolu- tion, when Cornwallis and Carleton unfurled their banners, the men of Massachusetts marched side by side with the sons of Virginia, and from Bunker Hill to Yorktown, they stood shoulder to shoulder, until the new nation was bound together in the great sis- terhood, as were Massachusetts and Virginia, in a union that shall last while America exists. Yes, gentlemen, whatever days of gloom, whatever transient disruptions, whatever temporary clouds may have passed over the pleasant relations between this and the other sister States, those days are now past. Mr. Daniels proceeded to say that there are men on every mountain side and in every valley in Vir- ginia, coming again to renew with the people of New England the affection and patriotic love for our country and our flag, which in early days bound them together. The most glorious results in the United 84 SPEECH OF DR. GEORGE B. LORIXG. States, are these which sprang from such efforts as that which called together this Convention and the audi- ence assembled upon the occasion. They were efforts which related to the material development of the re- sources of our country, and which tended to bettering the physical condition, and thereby its intellectual and spiritual condition. The mission, he said, of this Pomological Society, is to turn men away from the dusty pathways of pol- itics and of trade, into these divine and beautiful pursuits that organize rude matter into forms of beauty ; that give a reminiscence of that Paradise which we have lost, and an anticipation of the fair Heaven toward which our happiest aspirations point. He said, when you come to Virginia, bringing such a pomology as that which you, sir, and your coadjutors have carried to so high a degree of perfection here, you have brought to us the highest gift — a gift which no frost can blight, no change of temperature, no change of relations, no political changes can destroy — which will take a hold upon the hearts of men, civil- izing, humanizing, elevating, refining. As it refines the crude matter which is organized into the beauti- ful forms of the fruits and flowers, so they produce a retroactive effect upon us. We ask you from your abundance, to send us men to come and help us in this great pomology. The soil, he said, affords most splen- did opportunities. We ask you, as in the days of the Revolution, " Send down an army." He closed by ask- ing that men shall be sent to Virginia from Massachu- setts, which, he said, is not big enough to raise all the giants she can rear, even though she can raise men. They should be transplanted to Virginia, for the benefit of that State and for the benefit of Po- mology. [Applause.] The next regular toast was ; "Our own New England — A plant which sprang from the seed of the Mayflower. It still endures. Long may it live and flourish, a noble instance of the triumph of culture on a poor soil." Sx^eech of Dr. George B. Loring, PRESIDENT OF THE NEW ENGLAND AGKICULTUKAL SOCIETY. He expressed his thanks at being called upon to ad- dress so useful an association ; said it was a remarkable feature of the times, that agriculture, which is so no- ble a pursuit, should, more than any other industry, require defence. The modern farmer seems to have fallen somehow under a cloud ; his home, we are told, is somewhat gloomy, his physical condition somewhat worn, his mind somewhat dull and barren, and his yniTal instincts not up to the usual standard which makes an American and a New Englander worthy to live on the face of the earth. He found himself con- tinually called upon to defend this great industry. He said : I find myself compelled, continually, to defend the Agricultural College in the State of Massachusetts, so famous as she is for her institu- tions of learning. I am continually called upon to prove that farming is profitable; that the happy, satisfied population which pours out continually from the farm-house of New England must have a good living inside those farm-houses. Farming is the in- dustry which makes your wharves worth owning ; which not only feeds 40,000,000 people, but produces that which makes commerce worth pursuing. Something else he had endeavored to teach, and that was to teach the farmer how, in some way or another, he can obtain a perfect horse [laughter], and he said he was supported on either hand in this en- deavor by the two most distinguished theologians in the United States. I have endeavored to do my duty well. " The perfect horse ; how to get him, how to feed him, how to shoe him, how to drive him, and how to get rid of him honestly when he is not worth any- thing.'' I think we have done it well. [Laughter.] He congratulated the President and himself that. in defence of agriculture, he could lean upon pomolo- gists and horticulturists, for to them is due the at- tractiveness of the old farm-houses standing by the wayside. All are under the heaviest obligations to pomologists and horticulturists. He urged a large attendance at the Centennial Celebration, and said there is a great work to be performed to prepare for it. He had been, he said, appointed by President Grant as Centennial Commissioner for Massachusetts, and trusted he should be able to discharge that duty well. He said he was free to confess that his heart sank within him when he heard that patriotic and manly resolution at the Convention held Wednesday, that declared that office-holders ought to have nothing to do with the politics of Massachusetts. He hoped that every farmer and horticulturist and pomologist would excuse him if, while holding his office in the old Commonwealth, he should try to do his duty in the other capacity meantime. He closed by saying he was sure there was not a man interested in the prosperity of this land who will not be interested in that enterprise. He pro- posed the sentiment : " Agriculture, Horticulture, Pomology — United they stand, divided they fall." [Applause.] The President then announced the next toast as follows : " The British Colonies in North America — Bound RESPONSE OF REV. DR. BURNET AND JUDGE SCHLEY. 85 closely to us in rural pursuits, and held fast by the golden links of commerce, may they ever be united with us in the bonds of friendship and fraternal re- gard.'' [Loud applause.] He then called upon the Rev. Dr. Burnet, of Canada, one of our Vice-Presidents. Response of Rev. Dr. Burnet. Mr. President: — A few short weeks ago, sir, as I was walking up the streets of the city where it is my lot to dwell, I met one of my pomological friends, who, I saw by his face, had something in his mind in reference to the pursuit which is the object of his af- fection and his love. I said to him, " This is the season of pears and of boasting, and I have some 'Flemish Beauties' that I would like to have you see." He said, "If you will go home with me, I will show you that it is the season of pears, and take the boasting out of you." I went home with him, and saw that his pears were better than mine. If you, Mr. President, have ever had a similar experience (I don't suppose you ever had), you will appreciate my feelings. I came to Boston thinking that I might boast a little of my pears, but I had another view, and that was to take you by the hand, whose name is familiar in Canada — in the "New Dominion," as we call it — where I trust it will long remain a familiar and household word. [Applause.] I know no man on the continent who has done more for pomology than you have done. I am quite sure, sir, that your name will never be forgotten, and that when I and all of us who are here on this platform are forgotten, the labors of your head and hands will cause you to be remembered. [Applause.] I was desirous, as President of the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario, to appear among you and show you what we could do, with the assistance we have received from the United States of America. Much of our pomology and much of our knowledge has come from this side of the water. A very nar- row line divides us, so far as the local boundary is concerned, but I go hence to boast of the kind way in which you and your coadjutors have received the delegation from Canada on this pleasant occasion. It will be remembered by us, I trust, for many, many years to come, should we be spared. I think of your own address, in which you rose from the contempla- tion of nature's works to nature's God. No one who has been present at the meetings of the Pomo- logical Society, on this occasion, can have failed to notice the beautiful allusions which have been con- stantly made to the power which has bestowed these wonderful gifts and works of His hand upon us, both for our pleasure and for our food; and on my return 1 shall acquaint our Association, and the people with whom I am connected in this great work, of the mar- vellous civilization that characterizes the city of Bos- ton and its inhabitants. We shall ever cherish a grateful remembrance of the hospitality, kindness and courtesy that we have received from your hands and the hands of your fellow-citizens. We have learned something of the marvellous progress which the different States of the Union have made in the direction of pomology, and I hope and trust that the advances yoirhave made will be but an inducement to us to go and do likewise. [Applause.] I have nothing further to say, but I have much to remember; and I trust, in the contemplation of these works which have brought us together, as we realize that it. requires abundant labor, great effort and much skill to secure good fruit, we may look forward to that time when we ourselves shall be accepted for the fruits that we have borne. [Applause.] The next sentiment was then given by Col. Wilder as follows : " The South — She has furnished us with a guest renowned at the bar, in the forum and in the field. We greet him with a hearty welcome." I will call upon Judge Schley, Vice-President for Georgia. Response of Hon. "William Schley. I thank you kindly, Mr. President, for the senti- ment just read. We of the South have come up here to attend the Quarter Centennial Celebration of this Society, which has done so much, as has been so well said by those who have preceded me, in developing those resources which make your country grand and glorious. We have come from our Southern homes, and traversed the many hundreds of miles, as pilgrims, to meet you here — the Downings, the Wilders. the Barrys, and other shining lights of pomology. There are more resources in our land than the grand prod- ucts on which we have heretofore depended — rice, cotton, and sugar ; and since the revolution that has occurred and changed our whole social status, we are now impressed with the importance of developing these and other grand resources that still belong to us ; and finding that the necessity is forced upon us to develop these resources, we have come to drink at this fountain, and get those principles with which we can make our now desert South, blossom like the rose. [Applause.] I have been so impressed during my visit here, that I find words inadequate to express the feelings excited. When I see your rough, cold hills, and your barren soil now whitened with palaces and 86 RESPONSE OF DE. HOWSLEY AND REV. DR. PARKER. clothed with gardens that are beyond all that it has ever been my lot to see, not only on this continent, but on the other ; when I see men who are able to extract from this barren soil these evidences of intellect and energy, I say we may well desire to emulate that spirit and that intelligence. We of the South can offer many and vast resources, but we now need in- telligence. We have now got to make brain do what, formerly, muscle did — develop those resources so as to bring back that wealth and prosperity that our own varied soil, climate and resources would abundantly secure. Judge Schley concluded with a complimentary allu- sion to Boston and with a grateful acknowledgment of the kindness and hospitality with which the mem- bers of the Society had been received. Pros. Wilder then said that, having called upon the North and the South, he would call upon the West, and gave as a sentiment : " The State of Kansas — A plant of ripe growth, her fruit, and her men attest the value of good cultivation." Dr. Howsley of Kansas was called upon to respond. Response of Dr. Howsley. Mr. President : — I am called upon to respond to the sentiment just uttered in honor of Kansas. I must say, sir, that I am truly sorry this duty has not fallen into abler hands than mine, and yet, on the other hand, I am happy that I have the op- portunity, at this distant city, of speaking a good word for my adopted State. As we have met here for the purpose of delibera- ting upon the best means of collecting facts for the best interests of American Pomology, it will, perhaps, be in place for me to give some account of the cli- mate, the soil, and topography of Kansas in refer- ence to fruit-growing. Our State, as you are aware, lies between the par- allels of 37° and 40° north latitude, extending from east to west from the Missouri River two-thirds of the way to the Eocky Mountains. Denver, at or near the foot of the mountains, is between five and six thousand feet above the level of the sea. The portion of Kansas, where it skirts the Missouri River, is seven hundred and fifty feet higher than St. Louis on the Mississippi River. Hence Kansas presents an inclined plane from the mountains to the Missouri River, giving an inclination, in four hun- dred miles, of more than three thousand feet. It is this inclination that gives, we think, such peculiarity to Kansas climate. Our rain gauge is regulated by the amount of snow which falls upon the lower mountains. When the quantity of snow upon the mountains is great, we predict, with considerable certainty, a wet spring and summer. If, however, the snowfall on the moun- tains is light, we are pretty certain to look for the summer, at least, to be reasonably dry. Having, as we generally do, an abundance of rain in spring and summer, our fruits get a good start to grow at the right time to give them large size. The rains from the mountain snows being pretty well over b}' Au- gust or Sejjtember, we have the benefit of a dry, warm fall to ripen our fruits sweetly and color them highly. Added to the dry fall, we have this greatly inclined plane, before spoken of, to reflect the sun's heat into- the tree-tops, which develoj>s the saccha- rine matter and deepens the color so as to make them both delicious and beautiful. Allow me to say for my State, that we think the foregoing facts warrant the statement, that Kansas is, at least, as well adapted to fruit-growing, all things considered, as any other State in the Union. There are, however, two, and only two, drawbacks upon our complete success to fruit-growing, and these are, first, the sudden and severe atmospheric changes to which all prairie countries are liable, and second, the very deep and rich condition of our soil, causing our trees to make unusual growth during summer. The atmospheric changes, we feel quite sure, we can, to a very considerable degree, if not entirely, overcome by forest-tree planting, and a judicious cul- tivation of the soil. Now, sir, in conclusion, allow me to express the hope that, when you and I shall have finished our work on earth (which will not be long), and these hoary locks of ours are consigned to the tomb, the friends of American Pomology, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, may clasp hands in brotherly kindness over our final resting-place. Col. Wilder then announced the next sentiment as follows : " The Clergy — May the seed they sow spring iip without tares, and when the summer is ended and the harvest past, may they be garnered with the fruits of righteousness." He introduced Rev. Dr. Parker, of London, England, who was warmly greeted and responded as follows : Response of Rev. Dr. Parker. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: — I have been in the city only since six o'clock this evening. I had no idea then that a banquet of this kind was proceed- ing within the limits of the city, and still less idea had I, that I should be called upon to say one word to you. I have partaken of your fruits. More ex- RESPONSE OF MR. THOMAS MEEHAN AND MB. ROE. 87 cellent fruits I have never tasted, oven in England itself. I have looked upon your flowers, and they appear quite as beautiful as any flowers which the old country can produce. Having said this much, I have said all that occurs to me further than this, that I do not feel that I am from the old country and stand in this city to-night. I no sooner came within its bor- ders than I seemed to be breathing my native air. I do not feel any distinction between Boston and Lon- don. It seems to me as if we were all Englishmen together, some of elder, some of younger stock. [Ap- plause.] The sentiment which has been read by your venerable President, is a text and a sermon itself. I wish I had had a few hours' notice that I should be called upon to preach upon such a theme. I think that then I might have been able to have said something pertinent to the occasion. I have been preaching a little upon this text: "The Jews were forbidden in going to war to lift their swords against fruit-bearing trees." Other trees they might touch, but the tree that bore fruit for the life of man was not to be touched by the sword of the soldier. I remember also another expression, still more beau- tiful: "Consider the lilies, how they grow." I find that the Bible is full of references to horticulture, and even to pomology in all its branches, and no minister of the Gospel can be faithful to his work, in all its scope and 1 'earing, who does not very frequently avail himself of the wondrous illustrations with which the field of nature is filled. I feel for one that, if I were not a minister of the Gospel, I would like to be a culti- vator of the soil. I know of no occupation so noble, so refining ; that is to say, so capable of refinement in its possibilities, as the occupation of an intelligent, simple-minded cultivator of the soil. [Applause.] I am glad so many of you are devoting your atten- tion to this pursuit, and, as an Englishman, I wish to bid you God speed in your peaceful and useful labors. [Loud applause.] Mr. Thomas Meehan, editor of the Gardener's Monthly, was called on to respond to a toast compli- mentary to " The Horticultural Press." Response of Air. Thomas Meelian. He said that Dr. Burnet, in his remarks, bad told how the conceit had all been taken out of him by having challenged another to show Flemish Beauty pears against him, and yet had been beaten for all ; but what was it to be beaten on one little incident like this, to having the conceit of a whole life sud- denly knocked from under one. Coming to the meeting, he had argued with a Boston gentleman, who contended that the world was all wrong and go- ing to ruin, that things were pretty nearly right, and that all that was needed was a little grease ic- side the hub to make the wheels of progress smoothly run along, but these life-long convictions were gone now. The world was certainly going wrong, and there was no more certain proof of this than the fact that he — a member of the Horticultural Press — an institution supposed to know all about horticul- ture— should come here to find so much new to learn. Yes, he would respond for the Horticultural Press, for since he had come to Boston, he bad found a new volume of its literature, most beautifully bound in green and gold, and wonderfully illustrated. He had placed it in his inmost heart, and should spend many a pleasant hour poring over its j>ages. It told him about the grand azaleas Sargent grew, and the like of which the world had seldom seen ; it related the wonderful story of the Rhododendrons on Boston Common; the grand specimens of flower embroidery of Win. Gray, and the landscape gardening of Hunne- well ; the science of Agassiz and Gray; and the world-wide reputation of Wilder ; these were some of the chapters in which the new volume delighted, but not half the story, for the generous hospitality and brotherly kindness they had everywhere met with, made a Horticultural Press of matter very diffi- cult to tell. But he supposed the Horticultural Press, for which be was called on more especially to sp>eak, was that older volume he had studied before he came here. It was not a very large department of literature, as com- pared with other countries. There were but three purely Horticultural journals in this country, — The Horticulturist of New York, the Gardener's Monthly of Philadelphia, and the California Horticulturist of San Francisco, but he believed they gave as much pleasure to thousands as some species of literature which had serial representatives by the score. For his part, he felt proud to be a member of the Horticultural Press, and proud that, as one of its younger representatives, he had had the pleasure and the honor to participate in this grand Quarter Centennial ; and he returned thanks for the honor offered to the press by their sentiment. A sentiment in honor of the State of New York was given by the Chair, to which P. Barry, Esq., was expected to respond, but the state of his voice would not permit of his addressing the assembly. Mr. E. P. Roe, of New York, responded briefly for that State, and spoke gratefully of the pleasant associa- tions which had been thrown around the present ses- sion of the Society. He spoke hopefully of the time SPEECH OF MR. F. R. ELLIOTT, OF OHIO — CLOSING SPEECH BY THE PRESIDENT. when the products of the whole earth should be ex- hibited under one roof, accomjmnied by representa' tives from every land. Speech of Mr. F. E. Elliott, of Ohio. Mr. President and Members of the American Pomo- logical Society, Gentlemen : — I regret that in order to reach my home by Sunday morning, I must leave you at the very commencement of your glorious feast of reason and material festivity. As a humble follower of, and student in, pomology, I desire to say to my old associates, that here in this Quarter Centennial gathering of the American Porno- logical Society, Massachusetts has shown herself as the parent of intelligent fruit and floral progress.- The children from the far West, from the sunny South, and the cold North, have again acknowledged their parentage, and in their gathered allegiance are disposed to contribute knowledge of their expansive and erratic lives, toward the grand interest which this Society inculcates. I trust they will return home with a feeling that their parent has given them a welcome, and that it is their duty to rear children, and so instruct them that, twenty-five years hence, they will make a report of this present gathering, and once again crown the good old New England mother, and give to the world a record of value and instruc- tion four-fold increased of that which the American Pomological Society now presents. Many other distinguished gentlemen, whose elo- quence would have entertained the audience, were present from various parts of the country, but the lateness of the hour prevented their being called upon to address the assembly. Closing Speech by President Wilder. Ladies and Gentlemen: — With a heart full of grati- tude that I have lived to see this grand celebration — this great exhibition which has surpassed that of any other nation of the earth — that we have been permitted this evening to receive your kind congratu- lations and wishes for our prosperity, and that we have been honored with the presence of so many dis- tinguished gentlemen from the various portions of this great country, I now propose, as an appropriate close, that the music shall strike up "Home, Sweet Home." The orchestra did as requested, and the guests de- parted from the hall, closing what was one of the pleasantest gatherings which has ever taken place within its walls. REPORTS OF STATE FRUIT COMMITTEES. E cport of the General Fruit Co mittee. m- Tlie undersigned, on behalf of the General Fruit Com- mittee, respectfully reports that, on several occasions during the past season, circular letters were addressed to the chairman of the several State Committees, requesting them to procure the preparation of full reports from their States, to be presented at this meeting. In response to these circulars the following reports have been received. In preparing them for publication, such matter as seemed superfluous — descriptions of old, well- known varieties, etc., — has been stricken out, and other parts necessarily condensed. The Catalogue of Fruits has been revised in accordance with these reports, except in a few instances, where fruits recommended were known to be of inferior quality. Respectfully submitted, September, 1873. P. Barry, Chairman. Report from Nova Scotia. Yarmouth, N. S., Sept. 0, 1873. Having become a member of the American Pomological Society, I consider it a duty, as well as a pleasure, to honor the request of President Wilder, through Mr. James, Treasurer, that I should send a collection of apples, how- ever small, from this country. The collection will have at least a negative value, in showing that certain kinds are worthless in cool regions and in uncongenial soils; it will certainly surpass all others at your exhibition, in being diminutive in size, deficient in color, and inferior in quality; if so, give us the jack- knife — as to the ugliest man in the class. May I submit, however, these palliatives of our abject condition as fruit growers: Firstly. — Your date is from four to six weeks too early for us ; our apples are but half grown, and in few cases have begun to assume any color; we have no frosts of any consequence before the middle of October. During this interval there would be a great improvement in size, color and quality. Secondly. — This county is less adapted to fruit-growin«- than any other in the Province. Its soil, a cold slate clay or gravel, mostly undrained; its climate moist and cool, and of low average summer temperature, a thick fog some- times prevailing for weeks during the growing season. 12 Thirdly. — Eight years ago so little was known of varie- ties, that there was not probably a single person in the county who could name at sight any but local seedlings, nor were any of the varieties then grown, that have been famous for centuries almost in fruit-growing countries, so that we are still in the novitiate, experimenting on varie- ties under the usual disadvantages; trees and scions wrongly named at the outset, poor cultivation, bad care of trees, lost names, etc., etc. If, among the hundreds of varieties that prove useful elsewhere, a few may be found that will prove even moder- ately so here, we shall felicitate ourselves ; and it will be of great service to us, if, in the sorry lot sent herewith, any may be deemed worthy of commendation, as compared with the same varieties grown elsewhere ; and if unknown Limit can be identified, we have so few of value, that one or two only added annually to the list is an exceeding great gain. We find a great difference in the same varieties grown in towns, near the sea coast, and ten or fifteen miles in- land, beyond the reach of our shore fogs. This is indicated in Grimes' Golden Pippin, Red Astrachan, and others. A variety we have got from your nurseries as Keswick Codlin, though our Cornwallis experts say it is Old Eng- lish Codlin (after consulting Thomson and other authori- ties, I disagree with Cornwallis), is the most useful variety I have found as yet, — like the Wilson's Albany among strawberries, it is perfectly hardy, vigorous in growth, bears in two or three years from grafting, and bears annually afterwards, forming fruit buds upon the cur- rent year's wood. Wagner bears well and annually, and Duchess of Oldenburg, Red Astrachan, Early Harvest, and Early Sweet Bough, are tolerable perhaps. Sum- mer or fall varieties will probably succeed best. Having more than a hundred varieties on trial myself, I could name many that are worthless for us : Esopus Spitzeuberg, Baldwin, Twenty Ounce, Swaar, Newtown Pippin, Golden Sweet, etc., etc. I had hoped to be able to attend your session to form a personal acquaintance with your leading pomologists, by whose labors I have profited, whose works have been my study, and with some of whom I have corresponded, to learn also from the discussions and essays, the deductions of science and experience, and by observation, what may be gathered from the magnificent display upon your tables, — the gratification of these aspirations must be postponed to your next session. 90 .REPORT FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE. Hoping that your gathering may be eminently pros- perous, and that your Exhibition may be worthy of the " Hub," for which I have an abiding affection, I remain, Very truly yours, Charles E. Brown. In addition to preceding considerations, militating against onr making even a tolerable show, we had a most destructive gale August 23 and 24, which ruined a large portion of our fruit crop, making especial havoc among the young trees, and, again, on the day I named for con- tributions to be sent in, a second heavy storm occurred, which stopped additions completely. Partly to fill box, I send a brace of cucumbers, which I have grown this season for the first time, and think quite unequaled for quality and productiveness. If Peter Hen- derson, of New York, visits your exhibition he will be pleased at seeing them, having the seed from me on trial. If not consonant with your rules to place them on exhi- bition, try them yourself, or do what you please with them. If they do not reach you in good order throw them away. Charles E. Brown. Eeport from New Hampshire, Mr. P. Barry : — Dear Sir: In the Dotes on fruits, I propose to make in this report, I shall confine my atten- tion mainly to the apple and pear ; and to those varieties of these two fruits I consider best adapted to the central and northern part of New Hampshire, guided by my own observation and the experience of others. For this part of the country, 1 consider the apple wortli all other fruits put together, and for its successful culti- vation, few varieties should be planted, and the trees, as far as possible, raised at home. Grow your own trees in abundance, and plant out in orchard continually. Red Astrachan. — This is the earliest apple of value here. Tree very hardy, healthy, and handsome grower, and very productive. Fruit rather sour for eating, but fine for cooking. Early Harvest. — I have occasionally known it to do well. Not reliablet Early Sweet Bough. — Decidedly the finest sweet apple of its season. Does not bear well enough for market to be made profitable. Williams. — No other early apple, for market, bears any comparison with this. The tree is perfectly hardy, a good bearer, and with good treatment, gives a fair crop when apples are generally scarce. The fruit is so large and splendid looking, in addition to its fine quality, that it always sells readily. I can sell in the manufacturing vil- lages around me, ten bushels of Williams where I can one of any other variety. This apple is less attacked by the curculio There is a large proportion of fair fruit. Primate. — Not much tested here. Tree a very vigor- ous grower, and great bearer. Promises well. Fruit very rich. Benoni. — There is but one fault with this apple. Its small size injures it for market. The fruit is very rich and juicy. It should be in every collection. Porter. — Too well known to need any comments. Foundling. — This apple is but little known, does well wherever tried. It resists the cold winters apparently as well as the Siberian Crab. I think it will prove as hardy in cold latitudes, as the Duchess of Oldenburgh, and is a much larger, and better apple ; ripens about the same time as Porter, but will keep longer, often remaining on the tree into October. Gravenstein. — One of the largest, and finest, of late fall apples. Is not generally productive. Maiden's Blush. — Hardy tree, and very productive — one of the very best for cooking — is much more profitable than Gravenstein. Fameuse. — Very fine and valuable for the North — rather small for market. Mother. — This apple will keep with me into February. A large and very handsome apple — nothing richer or more delicious. Hawthurnden. — Famous for bearing on young trees, commencing when three years from the bud, and bearing every year. Fruit large and very handsome — rather sour for eating, but fine for cooking. Huhbardston Nonsuch. — A well known and very popu- lar variety. I find it liable to rot. Minister. — Very productive, and a fine winter apple. Jewett's Fine Red, or Noilhead. — Inclined to grow knotty. Valuable here, notwithstanding ; fruit exceed- ingly rich, tree very hardy, and enormously productive. Ramsdell's Sweet. — This apple is but little known. I think it, will prove very valuable. Keeps well through the first part of winter. Very productive. Baldwin. — This is the great winter apple here. Un- fortunately, the young trees are tender, and often fail : grafted into older trees, they do better. King of Tompkins Co. — Comparatively new — very promising — does not keep quite as well as the Baldwin. R. I. Greening and Roxbury Russet succeed in occa- sional favorable spots — not generally profitable. Tillman's Sweet. — Probably the very best late winter sweet apple, hardy, productive, and keeps well. Jonathan. — As yet but little known — will be highly prized as it is further tried. There is an apple that originated in Alton, Belknap Co., this State, called the Milding, and lias been cultiva- ted in that neighborhood for sixty years. It is a very large apple, and more highly esteemed wherever known, than any other winter apple. It keeps very well, but not quite as well as the Baldwin. The tree bears well, and in its strong, rampant growth, surpasses by far, all other varieties with which I am acquainted. TEARS. A very intelligent cultivator of Pears in Strafford Co., lias sent me a list for general cultivation, and some that promise well in the southern part of the State. In his practice, nothing is left undone that money and manure can do. On the subject of Dwarf Pears, lie writes : " I trust you will not fail to deliver a sermon against selling REPORTS PROM VERMONT. 91 and planting Dwarf Pear trees in New Hampshire. The amount of time, money, and good temper, annually lost in consequence of planting them, is very great. The sale of them ought to be prohibited by law, as the sale of liquor is. An unmitigated nuisance, is a very mild and inadequate description of a Dwarf Pear tree in New Hampshire. The question is not, whether, under some conditions, in some places, they may be of value. The fact is, that under existing conditions practically unavoid- able in New Hampshire, they are a universal, inevitable waste, loss, and most aggravating annoyance. If you can do anything to enlighten and warn the public on this subject, you will be a public benefactor."' I give a hearty accord to the above. Pears for general cultivation in the southern part of the State : Bloodgood, Bartlett, Clapp's Favorite, Rostiezer, Belle Lucrative, Howell, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Swan's Or- ange, Paradise d'Automne, SecJcel, Sheldon, Urbaniste, Lawrence, Winter Xelis, Merriam. Pears that promise well : Brandt/wine, Doyenne d'Ete, Tyson, Andrews, B' d'An- jou, Pratt, Abbott, Josephine de A/alines. The Flemish Beauty is more popular here than any other pear. It is usually fair — cracks occasionally — as yet nothing serious. I have a number of trees, with fair fruit ; have seen a good many in the neighborhood, loaded with splendid fruit, and hear good accounts from many other trees. If it only wouldn't crack or scab, it would be just the pear of all others. Clapp's Favorite has fruited here ; it promises well, the tree is very thrifty, and perfectly hardy. Bartlett, that most popular of all pears, is too tender for this climate. For a very early pear, I should recom- mend Doyenne d'Ete. It bears well with me, fruit al- ways fair and good. I have grown successful Rostiezer, Paradise d'Automne, and Lawrence. Goodale. — Comparatively new. Originated at Saco, Me. A late pear, of excellent quality, never rots at the core. Tree hardy and thrifty ; bears every year, and very abundantly. CHKRRIES, PEACHES AND PLUMS. These have failed with me, and with others, as far as my observation extends. GRAPES. Concord, on the whole, is the best. Delaware does well, and is the finest for the table. Hartford Prolific is earlier. The Zona has been tried, but proves tender. I have raised the Diana, and like them. STRAWBERRIES. Wilson, Russell's Prolific, and Black Defiance. John Copp. Carroll Co., N. H. Reports from Vermont. P. Barry, Esq., Chairman, General Fruit Committee, American Pomological Society. — Dear Sir : — For twenty years I have been engaged in the nursery business near the Canada line, most of the time north of the line in Stanstead Plains, and for the past six years in Derby, Orleans County, Vt. During this time, I have tried several hundred kinds of apples, several kinds of pears, a few grapes and other small fruits. I have found the climate so severe that my losses of young trees have been fearful, and many varieties deserv- edly popular further south, are so tender they will not succeed even when grafted into the tops of hardy, well- established trees. In my efforts to grow trees well adapted to this climate, I have found in a few instances, seedling trees of rare merit, that have stood the test of our seasons for fifty years or more ; trees raised from seed by the first settlers. I aim, first, to get a hardy tree ; second, a naturally productive tree ; third a good apple : and when these three qualities are combined, I try to raise healthy trees. In the following list, all those kinds marked "New" are varieties thus introduced by me. I know they are hardy, and of the quality of the fruit I will try and give evidence at your Exhibition. Some few varieties of pears, have done well in certain locations, in proper soil, and with good cultivation. Grapes cannot be recommended for general cultiva- tion, but near a building or high fence, a few varieties will, in favorable years, ripen their fruit. CURRANTS. The black varieties thrive and are free from insects. The red varieties are badly injured by currant worms that have appeared within a few years. Strawberries, Raspberries, Gooseberries and Blackberries are not culti- vated to any extent, except to supply the home demand, as we are so far from any large city. CRAB APPLES. Siberian. — On account of the severity of our climate, I have given special attention to the cultivation of the Si- berian Crab Apples, (so called) and have been very much pleased with their vigorous growth, great productiveness, and in the seventeen ki;;ds I have described, their intrin- sic merit entitles them to a high place in the regard of the fruit grower. All of these, with the exception of the Montreal Beauty, were first propagated by me. I can truthfully say, that if I could raise all other fruit abun- dantly, I should still cultivate the Crab apples. The per- fect health of the tree, its beauty in flower and fruit, the beauty of the fruit, does not more' commend it than the flavor of some of these when fully ripened. The fruit of these varieties, has not yet become plenty in the market, but judging from several barrels sent to Boston by me, the fruit is highly valued from its own merits. In high latitudes and exposed situations, I place the Sihi Han apples before all others, as likely to live and reward the labor of the planter. I transmit with this, my report, a local report from B. Macomber of Grand Isle County, in Lake Champlain, whose list shows the modifying effects of water upon cli- mate, in the many varieties that thrive there. Also, the report of C. G. Pringle, Secretary Champlain Valley Horticultural Society, that speaks for the western side of the State in the vicinity of the lake. Also, J. H. Put- nam's report from the Connecticut Valley in Southern 92 REPORT FROM DERBY CENTER, ORLEANS COUNTY, YT. Vermont. We shall endeavor to show, in September, by specimens of fruit, that Vermonters need not go without if they will give proper care to its cultivation. Bartlett Bryant. REPORT FROM DERBY CENTER, ORLEANS COUNTY, VT. APPLES. — SUMMER VARIETIES. White Astrachan — A Russian Apple. An upright, strong, handsome growing tree. Invaluable for the North on account of its hardiness. Summer Harvey, Red Astrachan, Peach Apple, Tetof- sky, Early Strawberry, Williams' Favorite. AUTUMN AND EARLY WINTER. Alexander, St. Lawrence, Fameuse or Snow Apple. Derby Seeknofurthcr, (new.) — A hardy, strong, thrifty growing tree, desirable for the North on account of its hardiness. Originated in the town of Derby, on the farm known as the Captain Wright farm. Fruit rather above medium size, oblate, yellowish, shaded with red ami striped with dark red in the sun. Flesh crispy, pleasant sub-acid, flavor good. Tree bears young and abundantly. SWEET APPLES. Bailey's Street, Tolman Sweet. St. Johnsbury Sweet, (new.) — Originated in St Johns- bury, Vt. 'free a very strong grower, hardy and productive, fruit of good size and excellent quality. Round, oblate, color, yellow ground covered mostly with dark red or carmine. F'lesh yellowish, solid, crisp and juicy. Pleasant sweet. Ripe December to April. Hampshire Sweet. — Upright, handsome growing tree hardy and productive. Apples very large. Color when ripe, yellow, flesh solid and crispy. Late keeper. Munson Sin i /. Brunswicker. — Is said to have originated with Mr. Sharpe, of Woodstock, New Brunswick, from the seed of the Duchess of Olderiburgh. Very strong, thrifty grow- ing tree with an open head. Remarkably hardy and does well at the North. Annual and prolific bearer. Fruit of medium size, roundish, skin smooth, washed and .streaked with red on yellow ground. Flesh sprightly, juicy, sub- acid. Pipe in September. Should be in all collections for the North. WINTER VARIETIES. Bethel. — A handsome, vigorous, strong growing tree, hardy and productive. Apples of large size, round, ob- late, color, greenish-yellow-russet, shaded with red on the sunny side. Flesh solid, juicy, pleasant acid. Ripe from November to May. Nodhead. — Tree of moderate growth and enormous bearer. Fruit of medium size or a little under. Flesh tender, juicy, very pleasant, almost sweet. Very good. i lolor, greenish-white, striped, splashed and shaded with crimson having a dull grayish bloom. Shaker Greening. — Tree vigorous, upright, spreading, very productive. Fruit medium, oblate, conic, greenish- yellow. Flesh yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, brisk sub- acid. Good. Ripe March to November. Hopkins Porter, (new.) — A very hardy, upright growing tree, forming a fine spreading head. Originated in the town of Salem, Vt., on a homestead of David Hop- kins. This tree has stood the rigid winters of the high latitude of Northern Vermont, for sixty years and is healthy and strong at the present time, and full of fruit. It is an annual and good bearer and bears young. Fruit good size, roundish, oblong, slightly ribbed. Color, light- ish yellow shaded with red in the sun. Flesh solid, a little sub-acid, very good. Ripe from December to April. Desirable for the North. Blue Pearmain. Canada Baldwin, (new.) — A native of Canada. Local, but needs, on account of its many excellent qualities, to be more extensively propagated. Tree a very thrifty, strong grower. Very hardy and a great bearer. Fruit medium size, roundish, regularly formed. Color, dark purplish-red over a dull ground, and appearing blush from the white bloom. Flesh lightish, streaked with red. juicy, rich, aromatic flavor. One of the best. Ripe from November to April. Winter Canrille, (new.) — Hardy, strong growing tree and productive. Apples large, roundish, oblong. Color, greenish-yellow. Flesh lightish green and juicy. Ripe from November to April. Pleasant acid. Very desirable. Northern Spy, Bour.assa, King of Tompkins County, Jonathan, English Russet. Tinmoulh. — Tree strong, upright grower, forms a round head. Handsome tree. Enormous bearer and a profitable sort. Fruit considerably above medium size, oblate. Color, whitish-yellow shaded with carmine and sprinkled with a few brown dots. Flesh whitish, tender, juicy, and a mild sub-acid flavor, with a peculiar melon- like aroma. Ripe November to March. Ben Doris, Baldwin, R. I. Greening, Yellow Belleflower, Smith's i 'id. r. Granite Beauty, Hubbardston Nonsuch, Pomm< (•ris. Wint Sap, Wine Apple, Canada Reinette. CHOICE CRAB APPLES. Ladies' Favorite. — A thrifty growing tree, very produc- tive. One of the handsomest of all Crab apples, thin, smooth skin. Straw color, with a beautiful red cheek, transparent, juicy, flesh fine, crispy, mild acid. Autumn. Ruse of Stanstead. — Avery hardy, thrifty growing tree. -lows to a very large size when old. Fruit very large and handsome. Color, dark red. Flesh streaked with red, juicy. Good for all culinary purposes. It makes the finest of jelly on account of its being so red. Captain Reins. — A fine, handsome growing tree and productive. Fruit medium size. Color, greenish-yellow, a pleasant acid. Ripe August. Clark's Beauty. — A fine, rapid growing tree and hardy. A good bearer, fruit fair size, color, yellow with red cheek. A pleasant acid. Ripe August. Montreal Beauty. — A thrifty, hardy, upright, handsome growing tree and productive. Fruit good size. Color, yellowish ground and striped with red. Pipe Autumn. A very popular apple in Montreal. A little acid. Pyramid. — Avery handsome and ornamental growing tree, hardy and productive. Fruit a little under size. REPORTS FROM CHITTENDEN AND ADDISON COUNTIES, VT. '.'.; Color, yellow, skin very thin. Fle3D crispy and juicy and of excellent quality. Ripe September. Spafford. — A fine, strong growing tree. Hardy. A great bearer. Fruit good size and of excellent quality. Color, dark, rich red. Ripe September. ( 'ompton Greening. — A thrifty, hardy growing tree and very productive. Color of fruit, greenish-yellow, good size, juicy. Good for all culinary purposes. Ripe Oc- tober to February. Scotchman's Choice. — A hardy, thrifty growing tree, grows to a very large size. Great bearer, fruit large. Color, greenish-yellow intermixed with dark red and rus- set, fruit pleasant acid. Ripe Autumn. Cleveland Yellow. — Tree upright, handsome grower and remarkably hardy. Great bearer, fruit very large. Straw color. Acid. Good for all culinary purposes. Ripe Au- tumn. Valley. — Tree hardy and productive and of excellent quality, large size. Yellowish-russet and intermixed with dark red. A little acid. Ripe Autumn. Steed. — Tree fast grower, and hardy, profuse bearer. Medium size. Color, dark reddish-brown. Ripe August. Victory. — A thrifty growing tree and very prolific. Fruit handsome color, yellow ground striped with bright red. Ripe Autumn. Montreal Pink. — A fast growing tree and very prolific. Fruit good size. Color, red. Acid. Ripe August. Ball's Winter. — A thrifty growing tree, spreading head, annual bearer. Fruit large. Flesh crisp, spicy, of rich flavor. Color, yellowish-russet and splashed with dark red. Late keeper. Gold Drop. — Tree moderately hardy, requires age before coming into bearing. Apples very large. Flesh sound, crisp, rich and juicy. Of excellent quality. Color, yel- low. Keeps well into Winter. Dudley. — Tree slow grower and good bearer. Fruit medium size. Color, ground yellow and covered with dark red. Flesh crisp and juicy. Late keeper. PEAKS. This most delicious and desirable fruit is not hardy enough for our severe climate, although in more favorable locations in the vicinity of Lake Champlain, equally as far North as we are, some of the hardiest varieties will succeed tolerably well when planted on proper soil and with good cultivation. The varieties best adapted to Vermont are Flemish Beauty, Seckel, Duchesse d' Anyoulemc. Louise Bonne of Jersey. — Does finely on the quince as a dwarf, better than on the pear stalk. Glout Morceau, Goodale, Clapp's Facori/e. PLUMS. On account of the tenderness of the many choice va- rieties of plums we are obliged to discard them all. We can only raise the common Canada plum and the common Blue plum. CHERRIES. I regret to say that the finest varieties of this desirable fruit will not stand our winters here. The only variety that proves to be hardy is the Early Richmond. CURRANTS. The currant usually succeeds well here, with a few ex- ceptions. The greate I drawback to the cultivation of currants is the currant worm that lias appeared within the last few years. Currants are onlj planted for home use and not for market. The most popular varieties are, Cherry. — Healthy and tolerably productive. Large and handsome. Valuable market currant. Red Dutch. — Old variety. Desirable. La Versaillaise- ^uite popular. White Grape, White Dutch, Black Naples. GRAPES. I regret very much to report that on account of our high latitude and short summers, and occasionally early frosts in autumn, it is almost impossible to grow full sized and well ripened grapes of any kind in Northern Ver- mont, except they be protected from the winds and cold by a fence, or upon the south side of buildings, or under glass. The varieties that have generally been planted are, Clinton, Concord, Hartford Prolific, Adirondac, Del- aware. GOOSEBERRIES. Are only planted for home use. Generally succeed well. Require to be thoroughly pruned to have fair or good fruit or free from mildew. Kinds that succeed best are, Houghton Seedling, Crown Bub, Roaring Lion, Moun- tain Seedling, American Seedling. RASPBERRIES. Are but little plauted, as wild varieties grow sponta- neous in our fields. A merican Improved Blackcaps. P.rinckie's Grange. — A little tender. Doolittle. — Hardy and productive. STRAWBERRIES. Are quite at home in this section of Vermont, although not much planted for market. But I am of the opinion that, well selected varieties planted on proper soil, with good cultivation, might be raised profitably for our city markets. Wilson's Albany. — All things considered, it stands about the head. Agriculturist, Triomphe de Gand, Russell's Prolific. BLACKBERRIES. Not much planted. Plenty of wild. Kitiatiiiiiy. Dorchester, New Rochclle or Lawton. Respectfully submitted by B. Bryant. REPORTS FROM CHITTENDEN AND ADDISON COUNTIES, VT. Chittenden and Addison Counties, Vt.. extending from the waters of Lake Champlain on the West, to the highest peaks of the Green Mountains on the East, pos- sess a wide range of climate. Among the mountains, only a few very hardy varieties of apples can exist ; pears, plums, and most other fruits are seldom found there. But the shores of the lake and its vicinity, to whose fruit 94 REPORTS FROM CHITTENDEN AND ADDISON COUNTIES, VT. tins report will be chiefly devoted, offer conditions of soil and climate which admit of a high degree of success in fruit culture. Though in a high latitude, the valley of Lake Cham- plain lies low and warm, secluded in a great measure by its mountain walls from the cold, dry winds of the inte- rior, as well as from the cold storms prevailing in the earlier months on the north-eastern coast, and is open on the south through the valley of the Hudson, of which it is a continuation, to the genial influences of the sea and its warm south winds. As a consequence, the growing season, though a little shorter than the summer of more noted fruit regions, is hardly less propitious in other re- spects. The chief obstacle to perfect success in growing all our hardy fruits, here experienced, is the severe cold of our winters. Unfortunately, the waters of Lake Champlain are shallow, and by mid-winter are ordinarily frozen over. After this occurs, our orchards are left without protection from the frosts of our latitude, except such as ■ our low situation affords. Yet, in a belt several miles in width along the borders of the lake, most varieties of apples and pears endure perfectly ; plums and cherries suffer considerably, however, in our most severe winters ; peaches and quinces give but little satisfaction, and grapes, to ensure their wintering safely, must nearly all be covered. APPLES. Owing to our distance from any large market, and the competition of larger fruit regions, where such fruits can, undoubtedly, be produced at somewhat less cost, sum- mer and fall apples are only grown in extent sufficient to supply the limited local demand, and fur use in the family of the grower. Of the large number of good winter va- rieties which succeed here, the most common of which are given in the following list, only a very tew are found to be pre-eminently profitable for market purposes; such are chiefly the Rhode Island Greening, Baldwin, Golden Russet and Northern Spy, which are named in the order of more general preference. Particular attention is given to the growing of fruit which may be retained until the spring months, when the pressure upon the markets, caused by the frequently abundant crops of New York, Ohio and Michigan, shall be removed. Our climate ap- pears to favor such a course, our cool autumns, not hast- ening on our fruit too far toward maturity, give it a character, in some measure, peculiar to itself and of high value. Alexander. — Planted to some extent in the more un- favorable situations on account of its hardiness and at- tractiveness. American Summer Pcarmain. — Growth of tree not sat- isfactory ; not to be recommended. Bailey's Sweet. — Much esteemed. Baldwin. — On strong, well-drained soils, near the lake, this is, from its great productiveness and from the nearly uniform good appearance of the fruit, the most profitable sort for market that can be grown. But in less favorable situations it does not long survive. Belmont. — An excellent sort for amateur planting. Very vigorous and productive ; but the frui*, is not uni- form in size, and mildews and cracks to some extent. Bellefleur, Yellow. — Very hardy, usually reliable, suc- ceeds well in poor soil, a favorite fruit in this section. Benoni. — Perfect in every respect. Blue Pcarmain. — From its hardiness much grown in cold situations. Hardly worthy of cultivation elsewhere. Black Gilliflower. — Satisfies some peculiar tastes. Bourassa. — Serves for a hardy variety. Burlington Pippin. — A winter Fameuse. Hardy, bears moderate annual crops of showy, good fruit. Canada Reinette. Champlain. — Probably a local fruit. One of the most productive, profitable and popular autumn apples grown here. Curtis Sweet. — Hardy, vigorous and productive; widely grown for a summer sweet apple. Dancers' Winter Sweet. — Hardy and productive. Domine. — Succeeds well. Duchess of Oldenhurgh. — Indispensable in our colder sections. Dutch Mignonne. Dyer or Pumme Royal. Early Harvest. — Succeeds well, and is much prized, though it sometimes mildews and cracks. Early Joe. — A slow grower, but one of our choicest family fruits. Early Red Margaret. — Hardy and productive. Early Strawberry. — Deficient in hardiness. Fall Pippin. — Keeps till February here ; not suffi- ciently productive for market purposes. Fameuse. — Our most popular fall apple; fruit fre- quently disfigured by mildew. Garretson's Early. Golden Sweet. — Hardy, valuable, a free grower and a good bearer. Gravenstein. — Lacks sufficient hardiness; productive and esteemed where it succeeds. Huhbardston Nonsuch. — Not hardy enough for general cultivation. Jersey Sweeting. — Hardly a valuable fruit. Jonathan. — Planted for its hardiness and productive- ness. Keswick Codlin. — A great bearer. King of Tompkins County. — Has been considerably planted; somewhat injured by the cold of last winter; undoubtedly more caution should be exercised in the use of this variety than with the Baldwin. Ladies' Sweeting. — Hardy, very good. Large Yellow Bough. — So tender as to fail early, but bears regularly while it. survives; should be top-worked; a favorite fruit. Late Strawberry. — Hardy, vigorous, productive. Lowell. — Hardy, very valuable. Lyman's Pumpkin Sweet. — Very thrifty and fruitful tree; very useful family fruit. Maiden's Blush. — Does well. Melon, Munson Sweet. Northern Spy. — Very hardy and a good grower ; re- quires good culture, else its fruit will be uneven in size REPORTS FROM CHITTENDEN AND ADDISON COUNTIES, VT. 95 and inferior in quality. Many neglect to plant it because so tardy in coming into bearing. Northern Sweet. — Not biglily recommended. Peek's Pleasant. — Hardy, good. Pomme Grise. — Recommended for the region of the mountains ; not very valuable elsewhere. Porter. — Hardy, a heavy bearer in alternate years; valuable. Primate. — Lacking in hardiness and vigor ; a very fine fruit for amateurs. Rambo. — Tree thrives well and bears freely; fruit keeps through winter with us; will yield to other sorts here. Red Astrachan. — Very hardy, a vigorous grower and productive ; valuable, though not a first-class fruit. Hid Canada. Rhode Island Greening. — Hardier than the Baldwin; this is more extensively planted than any other variety, probably as much so as all other sorts combined. Russet, American Golden. — This delicious little fruit is nearly ruined here by mildew. Russet, Golden. — This tree is quite hardy in this val- ley, and its health, vigor and productiveness, with its fair and uniform fruit, render it a profitable sort to plant for market and for keeping. Sjiit-., iiln rg, Esopus. — Seldom succeeds well unless top- worked ; worth that pains. Spitzt nln rg, Flushing. — Very fruitful. St. Lawrence. — Grown in exposed situations ; a hand- some, good, and productive fruit. Summer Pijijiin. — Thrives well and bears heavily in alternate years. Summer Rose. — Hardy, good grower and productive, but somewhat liable to mildew. Swaar. — Not particularly hardy, and inferior in fer- tility, but considered indispensable in a collection for home use. Tnhnan Sweet. — One of our most hardy trees, and a good bearer of fair fruit ; popular. Tetofsky. — Invaluable for our mountains, but in the valley cannot compete with better kinds. Tinmouih. — Held in good esteem in the vicinity of its origin as a fine dessert fruit ; not adapted to market pur- poses ; bears a heavy crop once in three years. Twenty Ounce, Vandevere. Wagener. — Growing in favor, especially in our colder sections, on account of its hardiness, early and abundant bearing, and fine, fair fruit. Williams' Favorite. — Hardy, always fair, bears nearly every year ; one of the very best summer apples for market. PEAKS. Until recently the culture of this fruit has been for the most part confined to limited fruit gardens. The suc- cess there usually realized has encouraged the planting of pears somewhat freely, and in a more extensive man- ner. Very many varieties, new and old, are under trial; many of them, it is regretted, are not yet sufficiently proven to admit of their being reported upon. Blight is of rare occurrence here. Animus il'h'.h'. — A feeble grower, good bearer. Bartlett. — Only succeeds on warm soils at no great distance from the lake. Belle Lucrative.- -Fruits very well ; fruit often gritty. Beurn d' Injou. — Its hardiness would seem to be un- surpassed ; somewhat slow in growth and tardy in com- ing into bearing, but the first trees planted in this valley give full crops every other year. The health anil hardi- ness of the tree and the size, quality and season of its fruit have commended it to our orchardists, ami it is now receiving more attention, perhaps, than any other sort. Beurre Bosc. — On the lake shore this pear is one of the most successful ; remote from the water it does not appear hardy. I',i urn > 'laiir/cau. — Promises well. Benm d' Imanlis. — Very hardy and a good bearer. Beurre Superfin. — Hardy and a good grower. Bloodgood. Bufftan. — Hardy and a strong grower. Clajiji's Farorite. — Gives promise of surpassing even the Flemish Beauty in health and hardiness. Dearborn's Seedling, Doyenne d'Ete. Doyenne, White. — Under good culture this pear is still fair with us, though instances of its cracking are not un- common; hardy and productive. Eastt r Hi urn. — Did this pear always attain full devel- opment with us, (which it does not do in our season, es- pecially on young trees,) it would be one of our most valuable sorts. Edmonds. — A fine grower. Flemish />'< nut//. — No pear has better repaid the care of the fruit-grower in this section than this one, and none has been so commonly planted. Its fruit has been abun- dant and fair, but of late cases of its spotting, and even cracking, seem to multiply. Glout Morceau. Goodale. — This variety, from the hardiness and vigor of the tree, as well as from its handsome growth, and the size, beauty and good quality of its fruit, gives the high- est promise here. Howell. — A good grower. Josephine de Malines. — Indicates hardiness. Kingsessing — Hardy. Louise limine of Jersey. — Our best sort for growing on quince ; endures well and is productive. Made/cine. — A good grower ; productive. Osband's Summer. Oswego Beurre. — Very hardy. Onondaga. — Hardy, thrifty, and a regular bearer. S< '7.v7. — Succeeds quite well in most places. Tyson. — Slow in coming into bearing, but a success. Winter Nelis. — Endures well. PLUMS. Coe's Golden l>ro/>. — Very hardy, but so late as not always to ripen well ; will ripen in the house, however ; moderately productive. Damson. — Valuable: Duane's Purple. Corse's Nota Bene. — Hardy. 96 REPORTS FROM CHITTENDEN AND ADDISON COUNTIES, VT. Corse's Admiral. — Hardy. Cruger's Scarlet. — Hardy. Columbia, Fellemberg. Green Gage. — Quite hardy ; much esteemed. Imperial Gage, Imperial Ottoman. Jefferson. — Comparatively hardy ; valuable. Lawrence's Faoorite. — Rather tender. McLaughlin. — Hardy and productive. Red Diaper, Reine Claude de Bavay. Rivers' Earlg Favorite. — Rather tender. Rogale Hative. — Very much prized. Schenectady Catharine. — Quite hardy. Washington. — Popular. Lombard. — A heavy bearer; seldom fails to pass the winter safely unless debilitated by excessive crops ; more generally grown than any other. With a little attention paid to insects, plums can be grown here in heavy crops nearly every year, despite the damage the trees suffer from our winters. CHERRIKS. On warm and dry, sandy or rocky soil, the Duke and Morello cherries give in this valley very good results, and most of the Hearts and Bigarrcaus endure and bear occa- sional crops for a number of years. In such situations, particularly if near the water, the following sorts are worthy of cultivation : Baumann's Mag. — In its class found to be next to Elton in point of hardiness. Black Tartarian. Buttner's Yellow. — Comparatively hardy. Black Heart, Downer's Late, Earlg Purple Guigne. Elton. — Proves one of the hardiest of its class. English Morello. — Very valuable. Early Richmond. — Perfectly hardy; worthy of being widely planted. Governor Wood. /.at/' Duke. — As hardy as the next, and more produc- tive than May Dukt . Late Kentish or Pie Cherry. — Can be raised with the utmost ease, and is everywhere found through the valley. May Duke. — Succeeds well. Yellow Spanish. Napoleon Bigarreau. — Comparatively hardy. Belle de Choisy. — Hardy. Belli: Mug n ijique. — Hardy. Reine Hortense. — Hardy. GRAPES. Scarcely any good varieties of grapes are able to pass our winters uninjured, unless they are laid down and covered. The labor which this operation involves pre- cludes the growing of vineyards on the shores and islands of the lake, which, but for this circumstance, are well adapted to this culture. In our choice of varieties we are restricted to the earlier sorts. Grape mildew causes but very little annoyance here, and the rotting of the fruit and the too early shedding of the foliage are almost unknown. Adirondac. — A good grape, lacks constitution, but often succeeds very well. Clinton. — Hardy if entirely exposed ; valuable for cov- ering arbors, walls, etc., as well a3 for its fruit ; by far the best of its class. Concord. — Does not always ripen except in favorable exposures. We want nothing later than this ; occasion- ally it is lacking in fruitfulness. Creveling. — A strong grower and a good fruit. Its only fault is a looseness of the bunch, owing to imperfect fertilization and consequent loss of a large part of the young berries. Delaware. — A good grower. Its productiveness, the certainty of its ripening, and the delicious quality of its fruit renders this our most popular grape. Hartford Prolific. — Strong, healthy, and productive ; valuable. Iona. — So late it is not to be recommended for ordinary or general planting; but it is so good it may well share with the Isabella the southern exposure we give that sort. Isabella. — The immense productiveness of this old grape induces the cultivator to retain it still on his list, and to give it every advantage of sunny wall, etc., yet even then, it often fails to ripen its fruit before frost. Israella. — Early, good, productive. Rebecca. — A very fine grape, but a feeble grower ; requires too much petting. Salem. — A noble fruit, a strong grower, very desirable, ripens well here. Most of the others of Mr. Rogers' hybrids are too late for our use, and Salem, the last, seems equal to the whole. The newer grapes have not yet found their true place with us. CURRANTS. Cherry, Fertile de Paluau, Red Dutch, Versaillaise, Vic- toria, White Dutch, White Grape. GOOSEBERRIES. American Seedling, Downing'* and Houghton's. BLACKBERRIES. The necessity of covering these in winter (for even the Kittatmny is tender,) precludes the general cultivation of this fruit. RASPBERRIES. Brinckle's Orange, Davidson Thornless, Dooliltle, Clarke and Phi/m/i Ijihiii all pass the winter in comparative safety, even if not covered, and merit more general attention. STRAWBERRIES. If covered with litter, the additional protection of deep snow which they enjoy, enables all the most ap- proved sorts in general cultivation to succeed here, much as elsewhere, though here, as everywhere else, the Wilson is planted more than any other. Respectfully submitted by C. G. PlUNGLE. Charlotte, Vt. REPORTS FROM WINDHAM AND GRAND ISLE COUNTIES, VT. 97 REPORT FROM GRAFTON, WINDHAM COUNTY, VT. List of Apples adapted to South-eastern Vermont, giv- ing a succession from August till June : Red Aslrachan. Early Harvest. — Desirable. Williams'' Favorite, Large Yellow Bough, Golden Sweet. Bemis Sweet. — Tins is a local variety originating in the town of Westminster; very popular, and much raised in some towns ; fruit large, flat, white ; a very good sweet apple ; productive ; tree vigorous. Garden Royal. Porter. — This is our best market apple of its season. Fameuse, Twenty Ounce, Jewell's Red, Hubardslon Non- such, Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, King of Tompkins County, Peck's Pleasant, Mother. Morrison's Red. — A fruit but little known here ; intro- duced into this town from Massachusetts several years ago. In form and color resembles the Mother. Reason from December to April. Yellow Bellefienr. — This apple does finely near the Connecticut River. Northern Spy, Tolman Sweet. Varieties which have been extensively cultivated, but which should be discarded on account of inferiority of quality or unproductiveness : Sops of Wine, Roxbury Russet, Esopus Spitzenherg, West- field Seeknofurther, Giiliflower, Blue Pearmain. There are doubtless some varieties which have not been introduced here, which would do well if cultivated. But as long as we have good varieties which succeed well, it is not advisable to run after new things very much until they have been well tested. PEARS. Bartlett. — Only objection, tree a little tender. Clapp's Favorite. — Hardy. Belle Lucrative, Beurre Clairgeau, Beurre d'Anjou, Buffum. Flemish Beauty. — This is, without doubt, the pear best adapted to this region. Onondaga, Seckel, Sheldon, Urbanisle, Lawrence. As regards pears, I cannot speak with the same degree of confidence as with relation to apples, as this fruit is but little raised in this vicinity. The cultivation of the pear is increasing I think, year by year, and the above list is the one which I follow in selecting. I know of no reason why, by a judicious selection of the most hardy varieties and proper cultivation, pear culture cannot be made a success. PLUMS. Plum culture 'has in a great measure been abandoned on account of black knot, and the curculio, but with close attention there is good reason to believe that it may be successful. Imperial Gage, Lombard, McLaughlin, Smith Orleans, Lawrence's Favorite, Yellow Egg, Peach Plum, Yellow Gage. GRAPES. We need the earliest varieties in order to succeed, and must sacrifice quality of fruit for earliness of ripening. 13 Delaware.— This it seems to me, is the indispensable variety for this region. Hardy, productive and putty sure to ripen. Concord. — Not quite early enough for these hill towns, the season being usually about two weeks too short. On the Connecticut River it succeeds better. Hartford Prolific. Adirondac. — Not desirable ; vine tender. Rogers' Hybrids. — Some of the earliest ripening of these succeed. I am writing in regard to the hill towns of Windham County. Some varieties of grapes which will not ripen here, will do well on the Connecticut River, the season being more favorable. CHERRIES. The black knot is just at present master of the situa- tion, and people feel but little encouragement. For va- rieties would recommend the May Duke and Early Rich- mond. CURRANTS. Cherry, Red Dutch, White Grape, White Dutch. RASPBERRIES. Doolittle's Blackcap, Mammoth Cluster Blackcap, and Clarke, though this last variety seems to be a little ten- der, but we have had some hard winters recently. STRAWBERRIES. Wilson's Albany. — Of course. Respectfully submitted, J. H. Putnam. REPORT FROM GRAND ISLE, GRAND ISLE COUNTY, VT. In making out a list of fruit from the little experience I have had, I would select in Summer, Early Harvest, Summer Rose, Williams' Favor- ite, Benoni. Autumn, Champlain, Porter, Fameuse, Fall Pippin. Winter, Belmont, Dutch Mignonne, R. I. Greening, Y< llow Bellefteur, Talman Sweeting, Roxbury Russet ; this last tree is rather tender, but we can not well do with- out it. PEARS. Summer, 'Supreme de Quimper, Osband's Summer, Tyson, Dearborn's Seedling. Autumn, St. Ghislain, Flemish Beauty, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Onondaga. Winter, Beurre d'An- jou, Wint< r Nelis, Glout Morceau, Easter Beurre ; this last not quite so hardy, but the only pear I have that keeps through winter. Have other pears on trial, but this is as far as I can go now. GRAPES. Hartford Prolific, Delaware, < 'uncord, Eumelan, prom- ises well. CHERRIES. Early Purple Guigne, Black Eagle, Elton, Banner's Yel- low, May Duke, Late Duke. 98 REPORT FROM MASSACHUSETTS. PLUMS. Yellow Gage, Lawrence's Favorite, Green Gage, Imperial Gage, Lombard, Schenectady Catharine, McLaughlin, Jef- ferson. The foregoing is a select list from many varieties that I have tested. Benj. Macomber. Mr. Macomber is one of our best fruit growers, so I can freely indorse the above. H. L. HURLBUT. Report from Massachusetts. In behalf of the Fruit Committee, the undersigned re- ports that the two seasons which have elapsed since the publication of the last Proceedings of the Society, have been particularly favorable in this State; the former to the apple, and the latter to the cherry and pear. The month of November, 1871, was extremely cold, but it was believed that the wood of our fruit trees was so well ri- pened, that no injury need be feared; and though during the winter, the cold was often severe, accompanied with high winds, and unusual dryness, this anticipation of ex- emption from injury proved correct; even the peach buds escaping, while many hardy forest trees were wholly destroyed, or much injured. The succeeding summer, CI 872) was remarkable for the succession of abundant showers, with extreme heat, reminding us of the accounts of tropical climates. This was very favorable to the crop of strawberries, which, unlike the fruit trees, had been much injured by the winter ; such plants as were not de- stroyed, producing abundantly. The most noticeable characteristic of the present season, (1873) was the ex- treme drought from the middle of May to the last of July. This was however, favorable to the soundness of the abun- dant crop of cherries, and to the fairness of the pears, and being followed by a succession of rains, the latter fruit has been more abundant, and of finer quality, than since the extraordinary season of 1862. The show of pears at the annual exhibition of the Massachusetts Hor- ticultural Society, was the largest and best ever made of that fruit, the whole upper hall having been filled with pears and grapes; and much regret was expressed that more of the delegates to the Pomological Society, whom ■we had had the pleasure of welcoming the week before, could not have remained to witness it, as we believe the same surprise and gratification, would have been felt by all, as was expressed by the few who remained to see it. The crops of apples, for some years prior to 1872, had been inferior, both in quantity and quality, to those of previous years, but the abundant and excellent crop of that year, seemed to decide the question which has been so much discussed, of the deterioration of this most valu- able of our fruits, at least, so far as that this deteriora- tion is not permanent. In regard to varieties, we may say that the standard for admission to the lists for general cultivation, is now so high, that few new ones have been added. Commenc- ing with the STRAWBERRY, The Wilson, Triomphe de Gand and Jucunda, are the fa- vorites for cultivation, on a large scale for market. The President Wilder surpasses all others for beauty of form and color, and is unexcelled in quality. The Col. Cheney, under a limited trial, has found favor, and Nicanor, with some cultivators, has proved exceedingly productive, and also of good quality, as an early variety. Charles Down- ing, is hardy and productive, but only of medium quality, and not bright enough in color. Much enterprise has been shown, in the production of new seedlings, of which Mr. John B. Moore, in particular, has shown a large num- ber, some of which, give promise of much value. CHERRIES. The Cherry crop, for some years, has been rather un- certain, but the Downer has seldom failed. Besides this the Black Tartarian and Black Eagle are most prized. Of Dr. Kirtland's sorts, the Black Hawk, Red Jacket, and Rockport Bigarreau are hardy and productive. Some new seedlings have been shown, but none sufficiently dis- tinct for notice, being mostly in the way of Downer. CURRANTS. The Versaillaise has no competitor as a market variety, though the Red Dutch is superior in quality for family use. Dana's Transparent surpasses any other white va- riety. Hellebore, when timely applied, has proved the cheapest and most effectual destroyer of the currant worm. GOOSEBERRIES. The Downing, Smith's Seedling and Houghton's Seed- ling, are most valuable, in the order named. RASPBERRIES. The Franconia and Knevett's Giant, are preferred for market to the Philadelphia and Black Caps, even at higher cost. The Hornet is coming into favor from its size. Brinckle's Orange, from its fine flavor, is prized for family use. BLACKBERRIES. The Dorchester is the favorite, from its fine quality. Wilson has been shown of large size, though but little larger than the best specimens of Dorchester. Kittatinny proves of good size and quality, and hardy. PEACHES Are so unreliable in this State, as not to be of much im- portance, but in favorable seasons aud locations, the fruit is as fine as can be produced anywhere. Hale's Early is of the best quality, but, as everywhere else, liable to rot. In orchard houses, however, it is free from this defect, and is largely cultivated, and esteemed the best variety for that purpose. Crawfonl's Early is probably more gen- erally cultivated than any other kind, being large, hand- some, and of good quality, and seedlings are often shown varying but slightly from it. George the Fourth and Old Mixon Free are among the most desirable kinds. PLUMS Have almost gone out of cultivation, but where trees re- mained, a fine crop was produced in 1872. Green Gage, REPORT FROM RHODE ISLAND. !■<• Imperial Gage, Lawrence, Columbia, General Hand, Wash- inglon, Reine Claude de Bavay, and C'oe's Golden Drop, are among the best varieties. The lime remedy for the curculio lias been successfully used by some cultivators. We have before mentioned that the crop of 1872, was unexampled in quantity, and excellent in quality, but as might have been expected, that of the present year, has been much less. We do not now think of a single new variety that has been added to the list. As summer vari- eties, the Red Astrachan, Williams, and Large Yellow Bough have superseded all others; and the same may be said of Porter and Gravenstein, in autumn. Washington is one of the newer autumn kinds, and has several times taken the Massachusetts Horticultural Society's prize for the best single dish. Of winter kinds the Hubardston. Rhode Island Greening, Baldwin, Ladies' Sweet, Talman's Sweet and Cogswell, which have long been standard kinds, are still unsurpassed. Hunt Russet grows in favor, with every successive season. King of Tompkins' Count// has not been extensively cultivated, but, where it has been, has proved excellent. Northern Spy is of the highest qual- ity if one lias patience for it to come into bearing. Telaf- sky, Garden Royal and Fameuse are desirable for amateur cultivation. PEARS. We may add to what we have before said of the extra- ordinary crop of this fruit the present season, that it is a fruit which seldom fails here; indeed, taking one year with another, we believe it to be a more certain fruit in Mas- sachusetts, than the apple. The late A. J. Downing, alluded to the mania for pear culture around Boston, ami it is still the favorite fruit here, and has this year richly rewarded its lovers. Go where you would, around the larger towns and cities, during the past summer and au- tumn, and you would see the branches of heavily laden pear trees hanging into the street. Commencing with Doyenne d'Ete, and following with Beurre Giffard and Clapp's Favorite, we have three sum- mer pears, against which no others can possibly take a prize at our exhibitions, at their respective seasons. The last named is becoming more and more popular as the best large early pear. Rostiezer, Manning's Elizabeth, Ty- son, and Brandywine are superior to it in quality, but inferior in size. Bloodgood, Dearborn's Seedling and Su- preme de Quimper, retain their previous good character, the last, which is newer than the other two growing in favor. The Barllett, which is too well known to need any- thing more said of it, immediately succeeds these. Doy- enne Boussock ripens with the Barllett, and is becoming known in our markets, as one of the few pears whose size and beauty enable it to compete with that variety. Of autumn pears, the varieties are numerous. Among those which have continued to be deservedly popular, may be named Beurre Bosc, Beurre Hardy, Beurre Superfm, Duchesse a" Angouleme, Doyenne du Cornice, Howell, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Marie Louise, Merriam, Paradise d' Au- tomne, Seckel, Sheldon, Onondaga, Urbaniste, Belle Lucrative, St. Michael Archange. Baronne de Mello, Emile d' Heyst and Mount Vernon are newer kinds which promise to lie of the finest quality as late autumn varieties. Beurre Clair- geau is valuable for market, for its size and beauty, but its inferior quality, has caused it to fall in estimation for pri- vate gardens. As a winter pear, the Beurre d' Anjou takes the lead. Among the collections of pears offered for premium, hardly one can be found, which does not comprise this variety. While the popularity of other kinds has ebbed and flowed, the Beurre d' Anjou has gone on steadily increasing in favor, until it is almost universally acknowledged to be the most valuable of all pears. Lawrence and Winter Nelis are at least fully equal to it in quality, and main- tain their reputation as standard winter kinds. Dana's Hovey is one of the richest of all pears, its only fault be- ing its small size. As very late kinds, Doyenne d' Alencon and Josephine de Malines do tolerably well, but fail in size and beauty. Eatt stands the highest, though it is possible it is be- cause it is the best known of any of the larger varieties. Grapes that were covered, have done well, and promise fine crops. Concord, Delaware, Hartford Prolific, Crevelling, Aga- wam and Rogers No. 15, stand about the highest. The Delaware is steadily gaining ground, and I shall not be surprised to see it stand at the head of the list in a very few years. Strawberries were badly injured where they were not covered, even the Wilson in some cases froze to death. The Wilson is the only variety that I have ever been able to make profitable as a market berry, and it seems to be the generally accepted market berry of the West. Raspberries have generally wintered well without cover- ing, and have borne large crops this season. Doolittle, Miami, Mammoth Cluster, Philadelphia and Golden Cap all doing well. The Clarke killed badly. Currants of all kinds as far as I have seen did well. One thing has impressed itself strongly upon my mind during my observations this season, and the more so, from the fact that it is in contradiction to all of my pre- conceived theories, and belief. It is this. I have noticed that wherever either apple or pear trees have been thor- oughly cultivated, and the ground highly manured, the trees have been injured much worse than when they stood in grass. I cannot call to mind a single exception to this rule, even where they have stood in a meadow for a num- ber of years. I think the best looking orchard that I have seen, all things considered, is one that has been cul- tivated, but has never been manured. Now is it not pos- sible that we have manured some of our orchards too heavily, and in this way stimulated too great a growth of wood for a series of years, and when such a winter as the last one comes upon them, they are not hardy enough to endure it and must suffer, or die, or both? But upon this subject I am not wise enough to teach, and will not attempt it. A. L. Hatch, of Richland County, writes : In valleys would set Crabs and Russian apples only, with Haas as follows : Transa ndent, Sylvan Sweet, Hyslop, Montreal Beauty, Glover's Early, Spitzenberg Crab, Duchess, Haas, Tetofsky, Marengo. On ridge land (elevated 300 to 400 feet above valleys) would recommend Duchess, Ti.tofsky, Haas, Rawle's Genet, Ben Davis, Walbridge, Fameuse, Sweet Pear, Utter's, Tal- man's Sweet; along the Lake shore, in the eastern portion REPORTS FUOM WISCONSIN. 103 of the State the exposures and soils are different. At- mosphere somewhat affected by the Lake influences, per- haps, and I find less injury. H. M. Thompson, near Milwaukee, writes: For a com- mercial list, I set Sour Bough, Alexander, Baldwin, Golden, English and Perry Russet, Northern Spy, Fameuse, Rawle's Genet, Red Romanite, Red Winter Pearmain, Westfield Seek-no-further, anA top worked on Oldenburgh or Tran- scendent, Rhode Island Greening and Esopus Spilzcnhcrg, and for general planting would add, Carolina-Red June, Tetofsky, Red Astrachan, Oldenburgh, Fall Orange, Tal- man's Sweet. Baldwin is only recommended for sandy soils within fif- teen miles of the Lake (Michigan,) and must not be forced into rapid growth until it comes into bearing, then it bears stimulating. Thus treated iu an orchard near me, fifteen Baldwin trees in an orchard of about 200 trees, (over thirty years planted,) yields more annual profit than balance of orchard. Perry Russet, also succeeds but indif- ferently, except on sandy soil, when it proves an annual bearer. Northern Spy does well on all soils, the only ob- jection to this prince of market apples is that it is late in coming into bearing. As the tree is an upright grower, it is necessary to keep inside of top well pruned ; this will cause the tree to bear five to six years sooner than would otherwise occur as generally pruned. East of the Mississippi River, and within influence of Lake winds, would protect on south, west and north for following reasons : Strongest prevailing summer winds from south-west which knock off and destroy much fruit, unless so protected. In winter the severest cold is ac- companied by north-west winds. The timber belt on the west and north, not only breaks the force of this ex- tremely dry cold wind, but causes less loss by evapora- tion of sap, than would otherwise occur if unprotected. Sour Bough, St. Lawrence, Alexander, Baldwin, Golden, English, Perry Russets, Northern Spy, Fameuse, Rawle's Genet, Small Romanite, Red Winter Pearmain, Westfield Seek-no-further, (and Rhode Island Greening, and Esopus Spitzenberg, top worked on Duchess, or Transcendent.) G. P. Pepper, of Pewaukee, says : Fifteen per cent root killed, on moist soils more killed, but tender sorts injured in the top. Hardy seedlings and hybrids of Sibe- rian Crabs for stock are the only ones that are good on my own grounds of last year's setting. Recommends Red Astrachan, Duchess of Oldenburgh, St. Lawrence, Utter, Fameuse, Plumb's Cider, Seek-no-further, Talman's Sweet Golden Russet, Willow Twig, Ben Davis. G. J. Kellogg, of Janesville, writes : In the apple or- chard I see no cause of discouragement; not a tree of the best twenty-five varieties is materially iujured. My soil is prairie, high, dry, black loam in hollows, and the knolls are sandy and gravelly, all underlaid with clean building eand to the depth of seventy-five feet. The surface soil is from six inches to three feet. Beneath the loam is a gritty, putty coat. Protection on the west by evergreens, buildings and hedge, and large quantities of evergreens, four to six feet high all through the orchard. The apple trees are thoroughly mulched with manure annually, and to this I owe more my escape from root killing than any other cause — believing that the dry fall is the great source of the evil of root killing. My orchard, set in 1854, contains 1,184 trees. In all 122 varieties have been planted and many more top grafted. It would be tedious to give the list of failures; I will give a partial list of best kinds. Red Astrachan, Duchess, Fameuse, Talman's Sweet, Golden Russet, Ben Davis, Willow Twig, Red Romanite, Haas, Saxton (also known as Fall Stripe,) St. Lawrence, Sweet Pear, Bailey Sweet, Sweet June, Kirkbridge White, Alexander, Colvert, Winter Pennock, Northern Spy, Pomme Gris, Barrett Russet, Fall Wine Sap, Westfield Seek-no- further, Lowell, Sops of Wine, Raicle's Genet, Keswick Cod- lin, (liter's Early Red, Early Yellow Harvest, and Holland Pippin. These have all done well, and except an occasional Keswick, Fall Wine and Barrett Russet, are uninjured. The first twelve and Utter, Westfield Seek-no-further, and Sops of Wine, are the best in this list. Yet some of these, if only a few years planted, would have killed root and branch the last winter, while such tender varieties as Yel- low Harvest and Holland Pippin, after securing a thick bark, become proof against any changes like the past win- ter, when the thermometer, December 24, at 7^ a. m., stood — 3.5° and only reached — 7° at 7 p. m., and went no lower during the night following. The lowest mean tem- perature for the week ending December 25, 1872, at sun- rise, was — 20 5-7. My thermometer is " spirit gauge," and in extreme weather runs a little lower and a little higher than mercury. I would have a thanksgiving if other trees and vines came through as well as my apple orchard. Of fifty- seven Early Richmond cherry, grafted on Morello, ten are dead, seventeen injured, and thirty all right, save the killing of fruit buds, all in each cluster except the center bud, not giving half enough fruit for the saucy robin. Pear trees have suffered but little in the orchard, and Flemish Beauty and Early Bergamot promise a few pears at a cost of $5.00 each specimen. The past winter has not injured pear trees in the orchard as badly as the win- ters of '56-'57 and '63-64. Bartlelts, top grafted on Flem- ish Beauty, have come through all right. Thermometer in '56-'57, 33° below zero, in '63-'64, 35° below, and in '72-73, 35° below. My pear trees are scattered through my apple orchard, which is interspersed with evergreens, and both aid in protecting. I commenced planting dwarfs in 1854, and planted ninety-one which, as they have died out, have been replaced by standards, and replanted without count, as I have endeavored to keep the places full. I have planted either as standards or dwarfs, and many kinds both on quince and pear, also on Mountain Ash, Ameri- can and European, and on Apple and White Thorn, the fol- lowing varieties: Flemish Beauty, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Vicar of Winkfield, Tyson, Howell, Belle Lucrative, Barllett, Beurre d'Amaulis, Beurre Hardy, Glout Morceau, Swan's Orange, Easter Beurre, Seckel, Bloodgood, White Doyenne, Vermont Seedling, Lawrence, Sheldon, Rostiezer, Beurre C/airgeau, Doyenne Boussock 104 EEPOET FROM WYOMING. and Urbaniste ; also top worked on Flemish Beauty, Win- ter Nelis, Summer Bon Chretien, Early Bergamot, Clapp's Favorite, President, Ml. Vernon, and several seedlings and choice varieties which could not be identified. Of the ninety-one places set to pears eleven are bear- ing, fifteen are in good condition, twenty-five sick, forty vacancies ; nine of the sick were injured by the past winter ; only five of the forty were killed by the past winter. Of the thirty known varieties only one tree of them ever paid the cost of planting in fruit, and that was a dwarf Louise Bonne of Jersey. Of the eleven in bearing this year, one is Early Bergamot top worked on Flemish Beauty, and this is one of the injured ones of last winter, injured in the top. I have several varieties top worked on Flemish Beauty that came through the past winter uninjured — among them Ban/, it. There is nothing hardy enough for our winters ex- cept Flemish Beauty, and the blight is death on that. I have given all kinds of treatment in the past twenty years, from high culture to starvation. A medium course with the pear is the safest, and the blight is our greatest enemy. In the nursery pear trees have fared worse than in the orchard the past winter. Flemish Beatify, one year old, twenty-five per cent, dead, twenty per cent, injured. Flemish Beauty, four years old, ten per cent, dead, ten percent, injured. Sheldon, four years old, twenty per cent. dead. Urbaniste, four years old, forty per cent, dead, twenty per cent, injured. Beurre Clairgeau, four years old, twenty per cent, dead, forty per cent, injured. The above nursery trees are all standard on pear. The following are on Mountain Ash, two to three years : Flemish Beauty, twenty per cent, injured. Bartlett, fifty per cent, injured, fifty per cent. dead. Duchesse d'Angouletne, nearly all dead. Early Jl> rgamot, thirty per cent, injured. Ml. Vtrnon, twenty per cent, dead, sixty per cent, in- jured. Summer Bon Chretien, all dead or injured. Winter Nelis, Lawrence, White Doyenne, President, Urbaniste, Beurre Clairgeau, Clapp's Favorite, Sheldon, all injured. Of twenty-two varieties, top worked on Mountain Ash, two and three years, twelve are growing, one of which, Early Bergamot, is bearing. In the apple nursery, all varieties, one year, are killed or badly injured ; two years old badly injured. Haas is the only variety that seemed to escape. Ben Davis suf- fered less than many of the most hardy varieties; three years old, a few injured, sometimes very singularly. On the west side of a little ravine, Plumb's Cider all killed, while on the east side the same variety is all right ; while Duchess, in next row, is all right both sides. Of this age, three years, I have many kinds on crab seedlings and on apple, and the injury is so slight I can see no difference in favor of crab stocks. If my one year had been part on crab, I could have drawn conclusions as to the value of crab seedlings. I saw a few deaths among Soulard three year, but none in Hi/slop and Transcendent from winter. Vineyard losses heavy on newly planted vines and on light soil. A portion of my vineyard is on gravel knolls, and for eight years I have been fighting against winters and losing all the time. I have tried setting shallow and deep, in good loam and clay drawn from stone quarry : all alike seem to fail when the surrounding soil is largely gravel, and had I kept these sandy, gravelly knolls to white beans and strawberries I should have been more than one thousand dollars ahead. The poorer the variety, the better it succeeds on poor soil. Good corn land is none too good for grapes, and steep side hills, no matter how expensively terraced, are, in the long run, worthless, as are light soils, for the vine. I might give you a long chapter on success and failure of the grape, but this communication is far too long, and not as clear as I should like to make it, and like the stu- dent after knowledge, the more I learn, the less I seem to know. Pears have been almost a failure, a few exceptional cultivators, but no reliable data or list. Flemish Beauty and Early Bergamot are at the head, and may add in a few cases White Doyenne, Lawrence and Winter Nelis. The winter is not so much in the way of pear culture as the blight. Plums are cultivated but little. Monroe and Lombard are the principal varieties. Curculio is our worst enemy. Early Richmond and English Morello cherries are the only varieties grown. Protection to orchards is looked upon with much more favor than formerly. If spruce and pines are used, planted upon all sides, but more particularly the south- west and west. In this broken manner I have attempted to give you an outline of our fruit prospects, gathered from observation and correspondence. Our situation now is not flattering; what the wind and weather has not done, canker worms and codling moths are completing in many cases. The demand for crab trees is on the increase, many planting with a view to top work with choice sorts. Very cordially yours, O. S. WlLLEY. Madison, Wis., September, 1873. Report From Wyoming. Cheyenne, August 27, 1873. P. Barry, Esq., — My Dear Sir : — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter notifying me of my appointment as a member of the General Fruit Commit- tee of the American Pomological Society, and of circulars in reference to my duties as such member, and advising me of the meeting of the Society in Boston. Permit me through you, to return my thanks to the Society for the honor conferred upon me. I regret that my report in reference to this Territory will add nothing to the gen- eral stock of information in regard to fruits in the posses- REFORfS FROM OREGON AND DELAWARE. 105 sion of the Society, but I am compelled to report that there is not, to my knowledge, a single fruit tree of any kind in Wyoming. I think that in some of our valleys, certain kinds of fruit trees might be cultivated with ad- vantage, and it might be a subject not unworthy the de- liberations of your Society to inquire into, and report upon the kind of fruit trees best adapted for cultivation on the vast plains, and in the fertile valleys of the Great West. Trusting that your meeting in Boston may be in every way successful, and fruitful of good, I have the honor to be, Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. A. Campbell. Report From Oregon. Gentlemen of the American Pomological Society: — I thank you for the trust reposed in me. As it will be impossible for me to be present at your September meeting, I expect to meet with you at Philadelphia, at the Great Centen- nial Fair ; as I see there is a proposition to hold a meet- ing of the Society at that time ; which we think it would be wise to do, during the latter part of the Fair, to allow of the ripening of a great part of our fruits. I will en- deavor to be present at that time with some specimens from Oregon. I will here send you a list of fruits that we have fairly tested, naming them in the order of their ripening. APPLES. Early Harvest, Sweet June, Reel Astrachan, Golden Sweet, Williams' Favorite, Gravenstein, Fall Pippin, Warren, Yel- low Bellfiower, Baldwin, Blue Pearmain, Cayuga Red Streak, White Winter Pearmain, Newtown Pippin, Virginia Green ing. PEARS. Madelaine, Summer Beauty, Bartlett, Fall Butter, Duchesse d'Angoulemc, Stevens' Geneiee, Seckcl, Onondaga, Lawrence, Winter Nelis, Beurre Easter, Pound. PEACHES. Early Crawford, Cons' Cling, (local seedling.) PRUNES. German Prune. GRAPES. Black July, Delaware, Concord, Royal Muscatine, Isa- bella, Diana. RASPBERRIES. Doolittle's Black Cap, Red Antwerp, Native Black Cap. GOOSEBERRIES. Big English, Houghton's Seedling. STRAWBERRIES. Wilson's Albany, Jucunda, Peabody. BLACKBERRIES. Kittalinny , Lawton, Native Dewberry. CURRANTS. Early May from France, Red Dutch, White Dutch, Cherry Currant. U PLUMS. Drop d'Orr, Peach Plum,, Red Damask, Helm's Seedling, (local,) Jefferson, Imperial Gage, Washington, Yellow Egg, Coe's Golden Drop, Late Damask, (local,) Late Red. CHERRIES. Knight's Early Black, Belle de Choisy, May Duke, Car- nation, Early Richmond, Royal Ann, (Napoleon Bigar- reau.) Black Tartarian. Black Republican, (local seed- ling.) Late Duke. The soil on which we grow the above named fruits to perfection, is a clay loam, underlaid with a porous red clay subsoil of varying form, three to ten feet in thickness, which does not need underdraining ; the best natural drained soil I ever saw. The soil contains a large per cent of fine particles of iron ore; is what we term black sand. The land is rolling, grapes doing best facing the south-west. My location is open prairie land. The Cherry succeeds alone on the Mazzard. Mahaleb is worthless. Pears all on pear root. Budding seems preferable to grafting for the apple. The borer makes sad work with our apple orchards, killing them in the top limbs first. Fruit trees bear young. My young orchard, three and four years old, from the bud, nearly all bore fruit this season, one Peach Plum bearing near four bushels of fine fruit, but they have never been what is called scientifically pruned, and in fact not pruned at all. I confine my prun- ing to pinching back a very little during summer; more than this, no man should scientifically prune a young or- chard of mine. The Pear is perfectly at home with us; in fact, there is no drawback to fruit raising here, except the borer in the apple tree. I would call attention of your Society to the Helm's Seedling plum and Black Republican cherry ; both origin- ated here: they are certainly worthy of a trial on the At- lantic side. Hoping to be present at the meeting of your Society (which you will doubtless have) at the Great Centennial Fair at Philadelphia, I remain your humble servant, G. W. Hunt. Sublimitt, Marion Co., Oregon, Aug. 1, 1873. Report from Delaware. Unexpectedly, and without time for the collection of a proper supply of specimens of Delaware Fruits, the " Central Delaware Fruit Growers' Association " has put on exhibition here a collection hastily gathered from the fields in the vicinity of Milford, which the Committee as- sure you is not half so creditable to our State and the Delaware Peninsula as it might be made. The fruit sea- son is almost over with us. All our best peaches have gone to market, and we have now only the later varieties to exhibit. Of pears the same is true to a large extent. The specimens here exhibited are all field grown, under ordinary field culture, and are only average selections from such as are daily sent to market. If we had con- cluded at an earlier day to be represented here, we could have given you a collection much more satisfactory to 106 REPORT FROM VIRGINIA. ourselves and creditable to our constituents. Our dis- play is much more meager in variety and defective in quality than it should be. We do not consider our local- ity able to compete with New England and New York in the production of apples, though nearly all varieties do well in our soil and climate. All Northern varieties, however, mature much earlier with us, and the late ones so much so that they are almost worthless for keeping during the winter. For this reason we cultivate for market only the earliest of Northern fruit, which we are able to get to market several weeks in advance of the supply from New England. These we find profitable. They have this season brought from §4.00 to $6.00 per barrel. The autumn fruit ripens in summer, and the winter varieties in autumn. We have some native varieties that keep well, but we do not find it profitable to go to market with them in competition with Northern grown fruit. In the peach business, we consider the Peninsula of Delaware without a competitor. The present season our crop is less than a third of a full one, and yet we shall have put into market about one and a half millions of baskets. On a full crop we can market five millions of baskets. We can make money on them when they net us forty cents per basket, but to do this they must sell in New York at twice that amount. There are, at present, no indications that the trees are growing unhealthy, and no probability that the business will decline. Under an improved system of culture, the trees are now more healthy and thrifty than ever before. Much of this fruit has been grown heretofore almost without cultivation, and in poor soil ; but a great improvement is taking place in this respect, and a better culture and higher fertil- ization is now applied by the best growers. The advantages we have in this business are congeni- ality of soil aud climate and accessibility to market. The perishable nature of this fruit makes the latter indispensa- ble to the success of the business. From the center of the Peninsula we have Baltimore aud Philadelphia within eighty miles, and New Ycrk one hundred and eighty. These are our chief markets, though, under special care, some of our fruit reaches Bostou, and even Montreal. Notwithstanding our market conveniences, we are can- ning, drying, and distilling large quantities. By this means we are able to widen our market to the extent of the whole country. The peach is at present the great fruit product of the Peninsula, though our soil and cli- mate are well adapted to pears, grapes, apricots, and all small fruits. All these are grown for market at present, and the tendency now is to diversify the business by giving increased attention to these and less to peaches. Many varieties of pears grow, also, to the greatest per- fection. Those most generally cultivated are the Made- laine, Bartlett, Duchesse, Vicar and Lawrence. Many other kinds do well, though some drop their leaves prematurely. The cultivation of this fruit is rapidly enlarging. The small fruits are grown already to a considerable extent; but they may be produced in almost illimitable quantities. Like our brethren of the West, we suffer from the ex- tortions of transporters and middle men, and our success in the fruit business is more jeopardized by these, than any other impediments. Give us swift transportation, and oue-half the money paid by consumers for our fruits, and we ask no odds of anybody in any business. Farming — Fruit Farming — will pay, and pay handsomely on these terms. We are strongly inclined to believe that the remedy, the radical remedy, and the only effective one for these extortions is, National control of Railroads, run in the in- terest of the people, just as the mails are now carried. We believe in the people of this country, and in their ability to make National Administrations that shall manage the railways in an honest and economical manner. When this is done, the costs of transportation and travel may be re- duced ten per cent per annum for six years ; at about which point the minimum rate will be reached, at which the work can be done and all costs paid. Much of our land has been exhausted, and many of our farmers have failed under the old system of grain pro- duction in competition with the virgin West. This is rapidly changing, and the old system is giving way to a diversified fruit culture, under which the community has promise of much greater prosperity. Unimproved lands, which once sold for four or five dol- lars the acre, are now worth fifteen to twenty; and, im- proved with fruit trees and good buildings, from fifty to one hundred dollars. Many of our best fruit growers are immigrants from the North, chiefly from New York, and we have room for many more, all of whom will be cordially welcomed. J. S. Prkttyman, Stephen Wood, Committee. Report from Virginia. Richmond, Va., September 1, 1873. An increasing interest in the cultivation of fruits is manifest throughout the State, not only for home con- sumption, but large orchards are annually planted for market purposes, and as the capacity of the soil and cli- mate for the production of fruits of the finest quality be- comes better known, much more extensive planting will be done. In a latitude where Triton'* Albany strawberry ripens by the 10th of May, Early Harvest apples last of June, and Bartlett pears may be shipped the last of July, with quick and cheap water transportation to the north- ern cities, and long before there is any competition from the vicinity of these markets, it is very evident that we possess unusually good advantages for marketing these and other products of our soil at highly remunerative figures. APPLES. This, the staple fruit crop, is grown successfully over the whole extent of the State. Early kinds for shipping North, receive the most attention in the eastern division, and late varieties are most grown in the Piedmont and western portion. No uncertain experiments are required to ascertain whether or not it will pay. Years of sue- REPORT FROM VIRGINIA. 107 'cessful production have shown this beyond doubt. The finest Newlown /'iji/iins (known here as Albemarle Pippin) and Lady Apples are grown along the whole extent of the eastern slope of the Blue Ridge, and for twenty-five to thirty miles east of its base. The former is frequently sold to speculators for five dollars per barrel at the or- chard, taken to New York and there shipped to Liverpool and London, where it commands the highest price of any apple sent to those markets, and the latter we have known to bring twenty dollars per barrel in one of our own cities. York Impt rial is fast growing into favor west of the Blue Ridge, where its productiveness, long keeping, and other good qualities commend it ; five trees of this sort, the ninth year from planting, yielded nearly one hundred bushels of fruit. The Winesap here, growing nearly as large as the Baldwin does North, is indispensable. It does well throughout the whole State, and more trees are planted of this than any other variety ; in the upper part of the State it keeps through winter into spring, but in Tide- water it is a late fall, and early winter fruit. Many others not named, do well in the Piedmont country and west of it. The most of the summer and fall varieties succeed in the low country, but, as yet, there is a deficiency of good keeping sorts for that district, the warm soil and long hot summers causing those that are good keepers in the higher and cooler country to speck and drop prematurely. Some of our new southern kinds, however, we hope will supply this want. With an area of country so extensive as Virginia, em- bracing such a variety of soil and climate, and running from the coast back three hundred miles, embracing an elevated country over four thousand (4000) feet above Tide-water, making a difference of fully one month in the time of ripening of early fruits, we may see the futility of an effort to give a list of apples for general cultivation. We submit two lists, one for the Tide-water, and the other for the Piedmont and country west of the Blue Ridge; yet we are aware that there should be another division, bi- secting from east to west— -say, taking the James River as the line, for there is a very great difference between the climate of the northern and southern portion of the State, affecting very perceptibly the ripening of apples. The one is well suited to the production of cotton and pea- nuts, and figs flourish finely on the eastern part of this division, while the upper part of the northern division produces the cereals and grasses to a great degree of per- fection. We have omitted some varieties that are well worthy a place in the orchard, but the list embraces a sufficient number to give a succession, and for various uses through- out the season, with the exception of late keepers for the Tide-water district, for which, as we said above, there is a deficiency of sorts. SUMMER APPLES. American Summer Pearmain, Earl;/ Harvest, Early Ripe, Tide-water and Piedmont; Benoni, Piedmont; buckets of Oldenburyh, Tide-water and Piedmont; Red Aslrachan, Piedmont; Large Yellow Bough, Summer Rose, Summer Ilaijloe, Tide-water and Piedmont; Summer Ramho, Pied- mont. AUTUMN VARIETIES. Buckingham, Ballzley, Tide-water and Piedmont; Fall Pippin, Piedmont; Gravenstein, Tide-water and Piedmont; Horse, Tide-water ; Jersey Sweet, Tide-water and Pied- mont; Maiden's Blush, Piedmont; Mangum or Carter, Tide-water; Mother, Piedmont; Porter, Tide-water and Piedmont ; Smokehouse, Piedmont. WINTER VARIETIES. American Golden Russet, Tide-water and Piedmont ; Abram or Crutchjicld Greening, Tide-water; Ben Dacis, Piedmont ; Bonum, Cullasaga, Cannon Pearmain, Tide- water and Piedmont ; Domine, Fallawater, Grimes' Golden, Piedmont; Gulley, Hall, Tide-water; Hix's White, Pied- mont; Hewes' Virginia Crab for cider, Tide-water and Piedmont; Hays' or Wine, Piedmont; Limber Twig, Tide- water; Loudoun Pippin, Piedmont; Large Vine, Tide- water; Lady Apple, Tide-water and Piedmont; Mason's Stranger, Tide-water; Michael Henry Pippin, Tide-water and Piedmont ; Mattamuskeet, Tide-water ; Newlown Pip- pin Yellow, Piedmont; Nickajack, Orlley Pippin, Tide- water and Piedmont ; Paradise Winter Sweet, Pilot, Piedmont ; Carlhouse or Romanite, Rawle's Genet, Smith's Cider, Tide-water and Piedmont; Shocklcy, Tide-water; Winesap, Tide-water and Piedmont ; York Imperial, Piedmont. PEARS. Those who visited the Exhibition of this Society at Rich- mond, Va., in September, 1871, will remember the fine pears shown by the growers from the vicinity of Norfolk, excelling those exhibited from that justly famous pear- growing State — California. The success of a number of persons who have been in the business for a number of years, has induced a spirit for planting this fruit that is extending along the Elizabeth, Nansemond, James, York Rivers, and other accessible points for shipping. The Bartlett, and Duchesse d'Angouleme, comprise three-fourths of the planting; the former as a standard, and the latter as dwarf. The Bartlett is marketed from the 20th of July to 10th of August, and the Duchesse about three weeks later. In unfavorable locations the blight is sometimes very de- structive, but in a well-drained soil, and one of moderate fertility and suffieieut cultivation in the spring and sum- mer, it. seldom does serious mischief. The crop is the most certain of the large fruits. We know of one acre of standard Bartlett trees, planted in 1862, (trees twenty feet apart,) that netted its owner over five hundred dol- lars in 1871, six hundred in 1872, and the present year it will net not less than one thousand dollars. This orchard has hardly received good care, neither in the cultivation of the trees, nor in handling the fruit; but the soil seems eminently suited to the pear, and to this fact we credit the success of the orchard. It is a very sandy loam, or al- most a bed of sand, of very fine texture, ranging in depth from five to fifteen feet, resting on a bed of shell marl of several feet thickness. The drainage is all that could be desired ; no matter how heavy the rain-fall, in a few hours, at most, it all disappears. We may here say that, 108 KEPOKT FROM VIKGINIA. from our own observation, as well as that of others with whom we have corresponded on the subject, we are con- vinced that, on a thoroughly drained soil, and one of mod- erate fertility, where the trees receive good cultivation, they are much less liable to blight than on a soil of oppo- site nature; indeed we have not often seen them seriously injured on such a location. Lime and potash are essential to the health of the tree, and if they are deficient in the soil, a moderate dressing should be applied. Dwarf trees suffer less than standards. Clapp's Favorite has fruited here the last two years, and while it is a very handsome fruit, and better suited to our palate than Bartlett, yet we are not satisfied that it is many days earlier, or will su- persede that popular variety as a market sort. The tree is a fine grower, but has blighted some on quince. Stand- ards have not suffered much in that way ; one of your Committee, however, has shown his faith by planting an orchard of six hundred of them the past spring. Doyenne d'Ete is a very nice little pear for eating ; too small for market; ripe 15th to 25th of June. Boyken's June is believed to have originated on the banks of the lower James River, and it is thought will be a prof- itable market sort, on account of its earliness, and keep- ing qualities. It may be shipped about 1st of July ; in shape much like Rostiezer, but larger and beautifully col- ored ; it is, however, rather deficient in flavor. Hosenschenck, known as Moore's White Pound in South- Eastern Virginia, is becoming very popular in that part of the State. It is a nice smooth fruit, quite as large as the Bartlett, and ripening a week earlier. Howell, a thrifty grower, bears early; fruit smooth and handsome; comes in with Bartlett; blights considerably. Belle Lucrative is one of our best pears, but blights badly. Flemish Beatify is very fine when it holds its leaves, but it frequently drops them before the fruit is ripe. Beurre Clairgeau suffers in the same way as the last named, but when it holds its foliage it is a very desirable sort. Lawrence, tree very healthy, and one of the best bear- ers. We might add words of praise to many other sorts, but will close by saying that the Bartlett and Duchesse d'Angouleme are the pears for Virginia for profitable marketing. Experience proves that trees in this climate should be trained with low heads, and, after cutting for two years, to get the tree in shape, very little more prun- ing will be necessary than to cut out water sprouts, and occasionally to shorten in a straggling shoot. We believe there is more injury done by the injudicious use of the knife, than would result from discarding its use altogether, and we may add, that these remarks apply with nearly equal force to the training of apple trees. Peaches are benefited by a severe shortening in of the branches when- ever the trees fail to make a good supply of bearing wood. The pear crop this year is somewhat above an average one. The following named sorts are recommended to be grown, either as standards or dwarf, as indicated below. Bartlett, standard ; Bloodgood, Beurre Giffard, Belle Lu- crative, Beurre d'Anjou, standard and dwarf ; Beurre Bosc, standard ; Beurre Langelier, Buffum, standard and dwarf; Clapp's Favorite, standard ; Dearborn's Seedling, standard and dwarf; Doyenne d'Ete, standard; Doyenne Boussock, standard and dwarf; Duchesse d'Angouleme, dwarf; Easter Beurre, standard and dwarf; Flemish Beauty, standard; Hosenschenck, standard, variable; Howell, Kingsessiug, standard and dwarf; Louise Bonne of Jersey, dwarf; Law- rence, standard and dwarf; Madelaine, standard ; Man- ning's Elizabeth, Osband's Summer, standard and dwarf; Rostiezer, standard ; Seckel, standard and dwarf; Sheldon, standard; Tyson, standard and dwarf; Winter Nelis, standard ; Vicar of Winkjield, dwarf. PEACHES. This fruit succeeds over most of the State, and is de- servedly receiving increased attention. The crop the present year is light in some sections, but abundant in other places; upon the whole it may be put down as an average one in the State. In the Tide-water section, the rot frequently destroys a considerable portion of the crop ; in some favorable places they escape. On Hog Island, in James River, about thirty miles from its mouth, there is an orchard of several thousand trees that were planted about fifteen years ago. These trees have borne well, and the fruit is comparatively free from rot, while a very few miles distant, on the main land, the crop year after year has been almost totally destroyed by it. Hale's Early is so liable to suffer in that way that it cannot be relied on for profit. What causes this malady is a mys- tery not yet satisfactorily solved. It prevails to a greater extent in wet than in dry seasons, and trees growing luxuriantly in rich land, suffer more than those growing on a poor soil, making a moderate growth. It com- mences before the fruit is half grown and continues its destruction until the time of ripening, when sometimes a sound specimen will not be left on the tree. Very often the ends of the branches and spurs along the twigs will die while the rot is destroying the fruit. The trees pre- sent the appearance of a pear tree suffering twig blight. Leaving the Tide-water country, less of this disease will be seen until we approach near the mountains, when it ceases almost entirely, with the exception of Hale's Early, and that frequently escapes injury, and then it is our best very early peach. On our Talcose Slate or Schist, warm soils, as well as on the Triassic or Red Sandstone formation, the peach attains the highest perfection, unsurpassed in size and flavor by that grown in any other part of the country. The " yellows " is not known here. The borer (jEgeria exitiosa) commits his depredations, but a little attention at the proper time will put a stop to his career. We commend the following list of peaches as embrac- ing the best selection from early to late. Amelia, Crawford's Late Melocoton, ( Yauford's Early Melocoton, Chinese Cling, Early Tillotson, George the Fourth, Grosse Mignonne, Grand AdmirabU Cling, Heath Freestone, Heath Clingstone. Harker's Seedling, /.<< Grange, Large Early York, Lemon Cling Morris' White Rareripe, Old Mi.eou Free, Old Mixon Cling, /'resident, Picquett's Late, Smock Free, Slum/) the World, Susquehanna, Troth's Early, Ward's Late Free. KEPORTS FROM OHIO AND INDIANA. 10!) The apricot, plum, and nectarine are uncertain to ripen their fruit, except in favored places. The apricot is very often killed by late spring frosts. In cities and towns, where from local causes it is protected from the frost, it produces well. The curculio is so destructive to the plum and nectarine that but little attention is given to their culture. Cherries succeed admirably throughout the greater portion of the State, and deserve more attention as a commercial crop. We especially commend the Dukes and Mon llos for the Tide-water district. The Hearts and Bigarreaus succeed best in the more elevated portion of the State. The following sorts will supply the wants of most admirers of this fruit : Black Tartarian, Bigarreau or Graffion, Belle d' Orleans, Belle d'Choisy, Belle Magnifique, Carnation, Coe's Trans- parent, Early Purple Guigne, Early Richmond, Elton, Gov- ernor Wood, Knight's Early Black, May Duke, Napoleon Bigarreau, Heine Hortense, Rockport Bigarreau, Trudes- cant's Black Heart. Allow us to say that Virginia claims pre-eminence in her natural advantages for grape growing, and, so far as experience has gone, her claims have been sustained in this branch of industry. We quote the remarks of an in- telligent cultivator, after speaking of his success in hy- bridizing : " These facts," says he, " should encourage us to give increased attention to vine culture. Virginia for this purpose furnishes, equal to any place I have ex- plored, all the requirements of the vine, which appear to be a deep sandy soil, rich in potash, with a full sunny ex- posure. Such situations are found everywhere, from Tide-water to the summit of the Blue Ridge. Our sum- mer varieties are so little subject to blighting diseases, and are found to vary the quantity of their fruits with the season in so slight a degree, that the cultivator may rely with certainty upon the fruition of his hopes. Late spring frosts never do any injury to the vine, and our seasons are long enough to permit the thorough ripening of fruit and wood." We need not stop on the summit of the Blue Ridge, but go on westward over a splendid grape country to the western terminus of the State. The finest Catawbas that we have ever seen were grown in the great valley, and the Concord, although succeeding everywhere, attains an excellence here not known to it in the colder States of the North. The Delaware, Iona, and many other choice kinds do well. Goethe, Lindley and Merrimack, as well as some others of Rogers', promise well. Senasqua has fruited here this year and shows well ; bunches large and com- pact. Norton's Virginia, long and favorably known here, is growing in favor more and more with each succeeding year. Vine hardy, vigorous and very productive. Scuppernong is very popular in Tide-water, south of James River. The grape crop was slightly injured by the excessive wet in June, but with more favorable weather succeed- ing, we are gathering a full average crop. CURRANTS Do well in the up country, but do not produce so well or stand our hot summers in the Tide-water region. GOOSEBERRIES. The American varieties succeed very well all over the State, but the English sorts mildew so much as to render their cultivation unprofitable. RASPBERRIES Are not cultivated much, except for home consumption. The Black Caps do well throughout the State ; the other kinds often fail to produce well in the eastern part ; the canes are often killed by our hot, dry summers; the Philadelphia gives hetter satisfaction than any yet tried. It is believed that Bramlyirine will do well, but it has not yet been cultivated to any great extent. STRAWBERRIES. Hundreds, yes, we may say thousands of acres, in the vicinity of Norfolk, are devoted to the production of this crop. The fruit is shipped to Baltimore, Philadelphia. New York and Boston, and, in the height of the season, nearly a quarter of a million of baskets (of one quart each) have been gathered and shipped in one day from this point. Wilson's Albany constitutes three-fourths of the crop, and the Stuart, an earlier sort, makes up the greater part of the other fourth. It is not half so pro- ductive as the Wilson, its earliness being its chief recom- mendation. Triomphe de Gand is one of the best for family use. Lennig's While is a desirable white berry. Russell's Prolifc, Agriculturist, Fillmore and Trollop( 's Victoria all do well. The first shipments from Norfolk are usually made from the 6th to the 10th of May, and continue for about three weeks. Very respectfully, Franklin Davis. Chairman State Fruit Committee. Report from Ohio. M. B. Bateham, Esq., Secretary of the Ohio Horticul- tural Society, sends a report prepared by a Committee of that Society. The report consists of a revision of the Catalogue for Ohio. A few changes are made in the star- ring, three or four varieties of apples are stricken out, and three added, viz., Fink, Stark, and Evening Party. The Catalogue has been revised accordingly. Report from Indiana. P. Barry, Chairman of Committee on Fruits: — Last year the fruit crop with us was unusually large. Espe- cially was this so of apples, pears, peaches and grapes. This heavy fruitage, of course, militated against a full crop this year. This, taken in connection with the past severe winter, gives us but a light crop of apples, while pears are doing better, in most instances there being a 110 REPORT FROM TENNESSEE. full crop, while of peaches the crop is very light in the southern part of the State, with very few specimens in the central division, and none in the northern part. The intense cold of last winter afforded a fine oppor- tunity for studying the hardihood of the different vari- eties of grapes this season. The writer of this has tried, on his grounds in Hen- dricks County, some forty varieties, but could scarcely show one-fourth of that number at this time, and cer- tainly not that number of varieties that are profitable for market purposes. Of cherries, we have but one variety that is entirely reliable, that is the Early Richmond or Early May, between which, most of our fruit growers make no distinction. Occasionally May Duke is found to succeed very well, for a time. Governor Wood, Yellow Spanish, Black Tartarian and many other of the Heart varieties, have been intro- duced from time to time, but only to dwindle and die, before yielding fruit enough to teach us what their qual- ities are. Small fruits, such as strawberries and raspberries, suc- ceed well and are remunerative; while the blackberry crop in the northern part of the State is very uncertain; in the southern part, among the hills, it generally succeeds well. Currants and gooseberries have heretofore been of ex- ceedingly easy cultivation. But the currant worm is, with us, now rendering the cultivation of these fruits more troublesome. Quince bushes were very generally killed down to the ground last winter, and are not very reliable at any time. Apricots, nectarines and plums are almost unknown in Central and Northern Indiana, except where the curculio is caught and destroyed. Insects prejudicial to the fruit interest seem to be alarmingly on the increase. Of those most to be dreaded, perhaps the curculio should be mentioned first. If he would confine his operations exclusively to the plum, we might assign him that fruit and let him go, but he med- dles with our apples, doing incalculable mischief to that fruit. The white grub is fairly entitled to a share of the anathemas, not only of the fruit grower, but the farmer also; for, while it seems to have a good appetite for fresh set strawberry plants, it can eat almost anything in the garden or nursery; or if these are not convenient, it will eat our Timothy meadows, blue grass sod, or young grow- ing corn, and last year it ate my Early Rose potatoes so badly as to render them unsalable. For the first time with us, this season we have a little caterpillar that is doing more mischief thau anything else; it is from half to three-fourths of an inch long, and though it has been here six weeks, it is still rapidly on the increase at this writing, August 25, 1873. Pear blight occasionally seizes a victim here and there, not, however, often doing any serious damage. Apple- tree-twig blight is more prevalent than formerly, and would appear to be on the increase. With all these draw- backs, we still think our State well fitted for the produc- tion of the apple and pear, the peach in the southern part, the Early Richmond cherry every where, and a few of the leading grapes, such as Concord, Clinton, Ives, Hartford Prolific and Delaware on all elevated situations. I will close by furnishing the list of apples and pears approved by our State Horticultural Society.* Our State is divided into three equal divisions by im- aginary lines running east and west, and each variety is starred, dotted or dashed, according to its merits or de- merits— a star signifying that a variety is approved, two stars that it is much approved, a dash and star that it does well in some localities, and three dots that it is unknown. One word as to the future of Indiana. Recent discov- eries demonstrate the mineral wealth of our State to be much greater than was anticipated twenty-five years ago. This is constantly bringing capital to the coal regions, and with this capital comes a population of consumers; these must be fed, and as we have the soil to grow the fruits, grains and vegetables to supply this demand, it is wisdom in us to do so. All of which is respectfully submitted, A. Furnas. Danville, Ixd. Eeport from Tennessee. Humboldt, Tens., September 17, 1873. Mr. P. Barry, — Dear Sir: — I was appointed by Pres- ident Wilder to make out a list of fruits specially adapted to our State. I herewith submit to you as chairman, the enclosed list of varieties, most of which have been tested here for twenty years and found profitable ; a complete succession through the season, from earliest to latest, in the fewest number of varieties possible, and which I should give two stars. I left Boston Friday evening, before the close of the session, for the purpose of reaching home to meet with the West Tennessee Fruit Growers' Association, (of which I have the honor of being President.) which met in Gads- den, Tenn., to-day. I deferred making out the list until I could confer with our Society, and be better prepared to accomplish the object desired. Hope we shall not be too late to be represented in the transactions of the Amer- ican Pomological Society. Very truly your obedient servant, B. F. Transou. The following are the fruits best adapted to Tennessee : apples. Ben Davis, Bonum, Buckingham, Carolina Red June, Early Haivest, Fall Pippin, large, Greening, Hull Seedling, Hewes' Virginia Crab, Horse, Kentucky Streak, Bradford's Best, Large Yellow Bough, Maiden's Blush, May, Large Yellow, Nickajack, Pryor's Bud, Red Astrachan, Rome Beauty, Shocldey, Stevenson's Winter, Summer Queen, Sum- mer Rose, Winesap, Ye/low June. PEACHKS. Amelia, Allen's October, Chinese Cling, Crawford's Early, Crawford's Late, Druiil Hill, Early Newinglon Free, Early Tillotson, Early York, small; Eaton's Golden, George the Fourth, llu'e's Early, rots badly, June 20 ," Heath Cling, * The Catalogue has been revised by this list. KEPOUT FIIOM IOWA. Ill August 21 ; Indian Blood Freestone, Indian Cling, Large Early York, Honest John, Lemon Cling Old Mixon Free, Old Milan Cling, Susquehanna, Shocktey's Early, Troth's Early, Mammoth Free, White Cling Sentirs, Hoover's Late Heath, September 30. tears. Barlletl, Belle Lucrative, Beurre Bosc, Beurre Clairgeau, Beurre d'Anjou, Beurre d' A mantis, Buffum, Dearborn's Seedling, Doyenne d'Ete, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Easier Beurre, Flemish. Beauty, Howell, Lawrence, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Madelaine, John Williams, Best Winter, Osband's Summer, Seckel, Sheldon, Vicar of Winkfield, White Doy- enne, Winter Nelis. PLUMS. Chickasaw, Peach Plum, Wild Goose, Kanawa, Yellow Egg. QUINCES. Angers, Orange. RASPBERRIES. Orange, Everbearing, Philadelphia, Purple Cane, Black Cap (common native). STRAWBERRIES. Agriculturist, Green Prolific, Kentucky, Triomphe de Gand, Wilson's Albany. BLACKBERRIES. Our native superior to any other ; Crystal White, fine. APRICOTS. Large Early, Peach. CHERRIES. Bigarreau, Black Heart, Downer's Late, Early Richmond, May Duke, Early May, Morello. CURRANTS. Cherry, Red Dutch, White Grape. GRAPES. Catawba, Concord, Delaware, Diana, Hartford Prolific, Jsraella, Isabella, Ives, Maxatawney, Scuppernong, Musca- dine, native. GOOSEBERRIES. Houghton, Mountain. NECTARINES. Early Newington. Report from Iowa. P. Barry, Esq., Chairman General Fruit Committee, American Pomohgical Society: — The winter of 1872-73 will ever be memorable in the annals of Iowa horticul- ture. Its results develop a remarkable and inexplicable variation from those of the winter of 1855-50. Varieties of the apple that came through the latter with little or no injury, suffered most the past winter, and vice versa. Varieties we were then admonished to plant sparingly, or to discard, the experience of last winter encourages us to retain as among the most reliable; among which stand prominent, Maiden's Blush, Rambo, Cracking and Wagener. No varieties are more generally reported sound and fruit- fid this season ; so generally that in no case can exemp- tion from injury be attributable to either soil or locality. Of the old and well established varieties, the weight of testimony unerringly points to the following sorts. I am safe in saying that eight-tenths of the entire apple crop of the State are of these varieties. Jonathan, Baivle's Genet, Willow Twig, Fameuse, Wine- sap, White Winter Pianuain, Bed June, Early Pennock, Lowell, Dyer, Maiden's Blush, Benoni, Taiwan's Sweet, Sweet June, Kirkbridge White, Duchesse of Oldenbwgh and Rambo. Those of more recent introduction, and which give promise of equal if not greater popularity, are Ben Davis, Wagener, Williams' Favorite, Grimes' Golden, Cole's Quinct , Cracking, Domine, Chenango Strawberry, Sops of Wine, Haas, Jefferson < 'ounty. I may also say, the following sorts are grown more or less throughout the State with varied results. Porter, Jersey Sweet, Winter Sweet Paradise, Haskell Sweet, Early Joe, Red Astrachan, Yellow BeUflower, Golden Sweet, Kes- wick Codlin, Early Harvest, Minister, Mother, Sweet Ro- mance, Fall Orange, Fall Wine, Esnpus Spitzenberg, Westfield Seek-no-further, Roman Stem, Late Strawberry, London Sweet, Bailey Sweet, Pryor's Red, North en Spy, Rome Beauty, Colvert, (Little Romanite of the West,) Aro- matic, Carolina and many more. Of the two leading lists, with two exceptions, not a single sort has any serious fault in Central Iowa, or per- haps I may. say throughout the State, unless it may be want of hardiness in the extreme north. The exceptions are Red June and White Winter Pearmain. For a few years past, the fruit in many localities has scabbed to a degree that rendered the crop almost worthless. 1 am pleased to say, however, that general report, this season, indicates a more healthy condition — much less scab than in former years. It is to be hoped that these two most valuable sorts of the past, will soon regain their former prestige. PEARS. The pear crop is exceedingly light. Blight is every where upon dwarfs, and of a more virulent type than hitherto experienced. While standards are not wholly exempt, I am inclined to regard standards as worthy of continued trial, especially on a strong, clayey subsoil. In support of this conclusion, I will cite an orchard of sixty- five trees near by, upon ground having a strong, tena- cious subsoil of cream colored clay. Madelaine, Bloodgood, Dearborn's Seedling, Clapp's Fa- vorite (perfectly magnificent), Tyson, Flemish Beauty, Bart- lett, Beurre d'Anjou, Belle Lucrative, Beurre Superfin, Golden Beurre, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Sheldon, Beurre < 'lair- geau, Laiorence, Buffum, Seckel, White Doyenne, Osbana's Summer, Napoleon, Beurre Bosc, Onondaga, and Stevens' Genesee. Trees from six to ten years planted — all in bearing and models of fruitfuluess, vigor, growth and symmetry. Upon similar soil elsewhere in my travels, and without regard to exposure, I find corresponding results. No indication of injury by the severity of the past winter. Several of 112 REPORT FROM IOWA. the earlier sorts have ripened up a good crop of fruit, and to-day, August 24, specimens of Clapp's Favorite were handed to me from the trees, fit for the gods. I am ad- vised of a standard Catharine in another county, thirty years planted, that bears enormous crops annually. Barl- lelt and Flemish Beauty are a success upon the white thorn, thirteen years from the bud. Coe's Golden Drop, Reine Claude de Bavay, Bteeker's Gage, Bradshaw, Columbia, Lung Scarlet, Smith's Orleans, Jefferson, Lombard. Most of these have fruited upon my grounds and are also favorably reported from other parts of the State. In a few localities, the Lombard rots on the trees to some extent. In the northern part of the State, Lombard and Smith's Orleans are reported as seri- ously injured by the last winter. Reine Claude de Bavay is a remarkably fruitful variety. Miner is being generally planted, on account of the reputation it has gained for hardiness, early bearing and fruitfulness, though some misgivings are felt upon these points by those less enthusiastic. The Wild Goose is of more recent introduction. Origi- nating several degrees south, its adaptability to the cli- mate was for some time a question of doubt; but the trying ordeal through which it passed last winter, has removed all apprehension upon that point. The trees experienced little or no injury. Fruit ripe about the 20th July and season running into August. So far, I re- gard it a desirable and valuable acquisition. Its earli- ness of season will make it most profitable for market, whatever its quality may be. QUINCES. The culture of the quince, so far, may be regarded a failure. Flattering experiments are now being made in working it upon the white thorn. CHERRIES. In Central Iowa a good crop, and trees all right. North, trees of Early Richmond, the only sort grown worthy of note, are reported badly damaged, and in many localities killed outright. The Early Richmond has been more generally planted than all other sorts, but with a better knowledge of the English Morello it is fast superseding the former. Tree sure for a crop, fruit larger, more at- tractive, and commands a higher price in the market. Those who know it here give it the preference — especially for culinary purposes. Belle Magnifique worked at the ground is a dead fail- ure ; top worked on the Morello stock, a perfect success ; its own stock too tender, but top perfectly hardy. Comes into bearing quite as early as Early Richmond ; never fails to give a most bountiful crop of a much finer quality of fruit. Governor Wood and Reine Hortense propagated in the same way, and planted upon rather poor soil, prove quite satisfactory. Late Kentish and Plumstone Morello are doing well. In the southern part of the State some varieties of the sweet cherries have been raised, but none are reliable for an annual crop. PEACHES. In Southern Iowa very fine crops have been raised in favorable seasons. At an early day the crop was quite reliable. The trees endured for many years, but within the last decade the trees have been killed out, more or less, and its culture has declined. GRAPES. Concord is llie grape all over, followed by the little ex- quisite Delaware. The less hardy Catawba and Isabella are raised to some extent, and in favorable seasons to great perfection in Central and Southern Iowa, when properly cared for in the line of winter protection. Delaware stands pre-eminent for quality, nearly as hardy as Concord, and seldom fails to make a good crop. The best crops are obtained upon heavy soils. Hartford Prolific has but one fault — the fruit drops pre- maturely to some extent; notwithstanding this fault it is desirable, and we can scarcely dispense with it. Clinton is a sure crop, and with the most indifferent treatment. Many other varieties have been tried, in fact almost everything heard of, but with indifferent success, most beiug found wanting in some essential. No one sort ap- pears to have attained any special popularity. CURRANTS. No fruit is more reliable all over the State. Of sorts, Red Dutch has the preference, followed by the Cherry and Versaillaise. White Grape largely planted. White Dutch to some extent. Black Naples, the best of the black varieties. STRAWBERRIES. The number of varieties tried, as with the grape, is legion, but with few exceptions all have gone to the shades. Wilson's Albany still maintains its former pres- tige— is at home on all soils and situations. Downer's and Green Prolific have the preference with many. For family use, either are preferable to Wilson, so far as quality goes. Ida promising till last winter ; killed badly. BLACKBERRIES. Have thus far made a poor record. Lawton, Dorchester and Wilson's Early have been fairly tried and generally discarded. Kitlatinny promises better, though thus far not very sat- isfactory. Have seen very fair crops grown among large orchard trees on the " let alone system." No culture, no pruning, in fact, no attention whatever — left to ramble at will. RASPBERRIES. Doolitlle, Miller's Daily, Philadelphia and Mammoth Clus- ter, all hardy and immensely productive, and in season in the order named. Purple Cane is of finer quality, but too small and soft for market. Davison's Thornless and Clark rather tender. Lum's Everbearing quite satisfactory. REPORTS FROM NEBRASKA AND KANSAS. GOOSEBERRIES. Houghton grown to almost the entire exclusion of all other sorts. Seldom fails to produce a most bountiful crop of fair-sized fruit. Plants healthy. The English varieties, without special attention, mil- dew to a degree that renders the fruit worthless. I have seen good crops made with proper thinning of the plants and the use of soap-suds and ashes. In conclusion I have to say, upon a careful survey of the situation, I feel the strongest assurance that the in- jury sustained by fruit trees and vines from the severity of last winter, in this State, has been grossly exaggerated. I have just made a trip of at least seven hundred miles through the north-western and more northern portions of the State. Have examined many of the oldest orchards, and conversed with their owners, men who were among the earliest settlers. In all this I have neither seen nor learned aught at all disheartening to the intelligent hor- ticulturist in Iowa. Mark Miller. Keport from Nebraska. The Fruit Committee for Nebraska would report the following catalogue of fruits for our State : EARLY APPLES. Red June, Buffington's Early, Early Harvest, Red Astra- chan, Duchess of Oldenburgh, Eatly Joe, Sweet June, Williams' Favorite, Keswick Codlin, American Summer l'ear- main, Cooper's Early White, Early Pennock. FALL APPLES. Maiden's Blush, Drap d'Or, Fall Pippin, Fall Wine, Fameuse, Gabriel, Autumnal Swaar, Hubardston Nonsuch, Rome Beauty, Milam, Mother, Ortley, Late Strawberry. WINTER APPLES. Jonathan, Ben Davis, Wine Sap, Domine, Rawle's Genet, Red Canada, Talman's Siveet, White Winter Pearmain, Northern Spy, Detroit Red, English Golden Russet, Perry Russet, King of Tompkins Co.,Gilpin, Swaar, Wagener, Wil- low Twig, Roman Stem, Otoe Red Streak, Sweet Romanite. CHERRIES. Early Richmond, May Duke, Belle Magnifique, Reine Hortense. PEARS. Barllett, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Beurre Giffard, Osband's Summer, Doyenne d'Ete, Vicar of Winkfield, Flemish Beauty, White Doyenne, Beurre d'An- jou, Glout Morceau. PLUMS. Jefferson, Lombard, Kirkes, Washington, Peach. GRAPES. Concord, Delaware, Hartford Prolific. Budded peaches are a failure in Nebraska; seedlings bear well about once in five or six years, and some nearly every year. 16 Blight has been making sad work with our pear trees for the last two years; is not quite so bad this summer as last. In the list I send you, there are some of the varieties that are starred higher than I should have put them — three stars is our maximum. Fruit is very good this summer, the yield will be about an average crop. I expect to be in Boston in September, with our col- lection of fruit. Yours truly, J. H. Masters. Nebraska City, Neb., August 6, 1873. Keport from Kansas. P. Barry, Esq., Chairman American Pomolugical Com- mittee,— Dear Sir : — I have deferred making my report for this State till now, because that those called to my aid in this matter have failed to report to me. I am compelled, therefore, to rely upon such facts and circumstances as have fallen under my own observation. The fruit crop in this State, although reported by the Agricultural Bureau as about three-fourths of an average, is really not more than one-tenth. It may be said, in common with the balance of the West and North-west, to be nearer a total failure than has been known since the settlement of the country. In many localities, some va- rieties may have a few trees with a few good specimens on them, while the remainder are almost entirely worth- less. In other localities, those that partially succeed here are worthless there. On the 22d of December last, the mercury ran down to an average of 16° below zero, killing most of the peaches in the bud. Some varieties, however, such as Hale's Early, Serrate Early York, and a few others, together with the Breda apricot, had a tolerable crop left. On the 29th of January the mercury reached a degree below zero, ranging in Kansas at different points from 20° to 30°. This degree of cold, unknown in this coun- try up to that day, finally destroyed all the peach and apricot buds, and killed outright very many peach trees. Apple trees, pear trees, plum trees, cherry trees and quince trees were so severely shocked that many of them have already shown so much disease that a very large number of them will die also. Such devastations of blight in the pear, the apple and the quince trees have never been before known in the West. Now is a good time for experts in vegetable physiology and morbid anatomy to arrive at, in some degree at least, a satisfactory conclusion as to the cause of blight, and also to explain, if it can be done, the difference between winter-killing and blight, for both these forms of de- struction are now quite prevalent in the North-west. We hold that these results are produced by the same cause, differing only in degree and the nature and condi- tion of the tree thus assailed. Please pardon this digres- sion. Many pear orchards will be wholly destroyed this sea- son, while many others will be badly injured in conse- quence of the intense and long-continued coldness of the 114 REPORT FROM UTAH. last winter. Our winter commenced on the 11th of No- vember, and continued until the last of March. Here we have had a winter of more than four and a half months of extremely cold weather, the mercury during this time being no less than seventeen times below zero. Here, also, we find an unparalleled long and cold winter, followed by an unparalleled amount of disease and death among fruit trees. To sum up all in few words, we have scarcely any fruit of any kind, save berries. Orchards and nurseries badly injured. Yours truly, Wm. M. Howsley, Committee for Kansas. Leavenworth, August 18, 1873. Report from Utah. CLIMATE. The climate of Utah varies from that of continual frost, to a climate so mild that there is seldom any snow in the year, and frost scarcely hardening the soil in winter, the place from which I write being considered the warmest portion of the Territory. Here exotic grapes grow in perfection in the open air, and almouds, figs, pomegran- ates and cotton seem at home and perfect themselves, as well as most of the ordinary fruits, nuts and berries. This Territory is about five hundred miles, from north to south, and in all the various settlements, apples, pears and some other fruits appear to stand the climate, and rigor of winters ; grow, flourish and bear fruit satisfactorily, with- out any artificial protection. Our formation in the South, is volcanic — red sandstone, granite boulders, lime and melted rock. Soil more or less impregnated with alkali and other substances, and all the water more or less in same condition — which is also partially the case throughout the Territory — in many instances so much so, as to destroy its usefulness for pro- ducing vegetation. Crops are raised, generally, only by irrigation, though of late years there are, in exceptional cases where rain falls, nearly or quite perfect crops. In the South, the Afaiden's Blush, Red Astrachan, Golden Sweet and Northern Spy are not prolific, yet they do very well North. Excepting these, nearly all the list of old apples and new, that have been fruited, flourish and pro- duce well throughout the Territory; here especially, the Rhode Island Greening, Esopus Spilzenberg, Roxbury Rus- set and Gravenstein are fine and fruitful. There are some interesting seedlings originated here and quite generally propagated, but with no character- istics that place them above old varieties. There is no fruit which seems more at home here than the pear, and, so far as we have been able to learn, the pear flourishes finely throughout all our settlements. Here, in the Sou'.h, they bear early, load well every year, and are of deliciously rich flavor, equaled by none we have ever seen elsewhere. Nearly every variety we have grown seems to come to its utmost perfection here — the trees making remarkable growth, and often producing fine large fruit at from four to five years old from seed — among the most profuse bearers we may name the Bartlett and Bergamot. PEACHES. This delicate fruit puts on its very best behavior here and produces fruit of very large size and highest flavor, seldom failing of its regular annual crop. This fruit is produced abundantly in nearly every county, and is gen- erally of better flavor than that grown East under similar circumstances. Hale's Early, Troth's Early Red, Tillotson, Ward's, the Craicfords, Strawberry and others make as fine coloring as we ever saw. We have also some very fine seedling peaches, which are equally propagated with imported va- rieties. Dried peaches from Utah have a promising celebrity in the Eastern markets. PLUMS. These have been introduced in great variety. The tree is vigorous, free from insect injury, fruit fine and perfect, large, and trees prolific, every variety tried doiug well. APRICOTS. This fruit is also at home here, and, when its early bloom is not injured by the late frosts, always produces heavy crops. The present year's crop was injured by a heavy frost in May, (as was also that of nectarines, al- monds, figs, etc.) A new seedling, called the " Gates," is larger than any other apricot and of equally good flavor. NECTARINES Are a little tender for late frosts, but otherwise the trees grow well, and bear equally well with the peach. They are not, however, as extensively cultivated. CHERRIES. North, this fruit produces well and is generally culti- vated, but we doubt whether the ordinary varieties will do as well in this warm climate. We have, however, a new hybrid cherry, (a cross between the wild plum and Utah Sand cherry,) which annually produces heavy crops, though ripening later than our usual varieties. Tree dwarfish, buds on peach; fruit about usual size of the cherry. Flavor considered by some inferior, but I con- sider it well worthy a place in every garden. This fruit originated here. QUINCES Thus far have succeeded poorly, but few specimens having been produced, and pears on quince stocks have proved unprofitable. POMEGRANATES. This shrub is hardy here, grows well and produces good crops; the fruit, however, is not esteemed by some as val- uable as many other varieties of fruit. REPORT FROM NEVADA. 115 FIGS. This tree is a little tender here, anil is not cultivated in the North, the severe winters killing it. When a cool frosty spring occurs here, trees are often injured. Sev- eral varieties of black and white have been introduced, which bear abundantly of very delicious fruit. Two and sometimes three crops are realized in a season. ALMONDS. When uninjured by frost late in spring, the almond bears a good crop. We have some choice, soft-shelled seedlings raised by W. E. Dodge of this place, which are much superior in quality, and produce better than any variety introduced ; a child easily breaks the shell in its hand, and the flavor is rich and excellent. MULBERRIES. Besides the English Black and Downing' s Everbearing, we have a multitude of seedlings, both for silk and fruit, all of which grow finely, some producing large and ex- cellent berries. The English has not yet fruited. GOOSEBERRIES AND CURRANTS. Neither of these do well here, South, except the natives. North, all varieties seem to be at home and fruit abun- dantly. Here the air is too dry and hot for these plants, which seldom yield a satisfactory crop. BLACKBERRIES AND RASPBERRIES. Similar objections may be urged against these fruits. They produce moderately, but if not picked as soon as ripe the fruit dries up on the stems and is worthless. North, they produce abundantly of good fruit. STRAWBERRIES. This berry generally does well throughout this country, but better North, where the air is more cool and humid, and where rains are more frequent. They seem to re- quire water here oftener than any other fruit crop. The succulent fibrous roots are quickly affected by drought. There is no fruit or plant that seems more truly at home here in the South than the grape, and this is as equally true of most portions of the Territory as it is of this locality, when climate is considered. The plant grows as naturally as a weed when it gets a footing in the soil and has any chance. All varieties of exotic grapes, as well as natives that have been tried, grow luxu- riantly here, and fruit abundantly in the open air. North, the hardier sorts do well, but of course producing fruit of flavor inferior to that grown here. The fruit grows here large, abundant, and most delicious, — competent fruit growers pronouncing it equal in flavor and saccha- rine to any fruit of the kind ever coming under their notice. Of white grapes for raisins, we have the various va- rieties of Muscats, that when properly cured make a raisin which in size and delicacy of taste is unexcelled by any imported samples, and wines from our black grapes are unequaled in weight and color, but time and experi- ence is required to enable the manufacturer to give that flavor desired by cultivated tastes. We have introduced some two hundred varieties of grapes, from which we select for more extensive propagation the most valuable and useful. In our own grounds we have already fruited over one hundred varieties, of which we consider the Bowood Muscat, Muscat Hamburg, Black Tokay, While Muscat of Alexandria, While Muscatel, Black Hamburg and Chassclas Musque, grapes of great excellence and unexcelled in flavor, while for beauty and size the Queen of Nice, Red Lombardy, Verdel, Rio Virgen, Lady Downes, Gros Colman, and some of Rogers' hybrids unexcep- tionable. The Sultana, though small, attracts much at- tention. SEEDLINGS. There are now considerably cultivated several seedling grapes which have originated here and are worthy of the attention of fruit growers. The Rio Virgen is a white foreign grape, clusters large and thick, amber-like and of unusual beauty, berries long, oval and of large size, seeds small, skin thick, good flavor, keeps well and makes a good raisin. The Jarvis, a white grape of about equal size to last — nearer round — similar in other respects to last named vine, a powerful grower and very prolific. These two originated here with George Jarvis. The Spring Lake, an American grape, early, black, prolific, but clusters are rather long and loose, ripens here same time of While Chasselas — last of July ; flavor ex- cellent. Red Prolific resembles the Calatcba in many respects, the pulp less tough, fruit sweeter and ripens three weeks earlier, and is more prolific. The Dixie Queen, foreign origin, a cross between black Frontignan and While Romain, clusters moderate, berries large size, nearly black with light bloom, oval, skin thin and tender, seeds small and soft, flavor excellent and fruit very handsome. The three last named varieties were originated by the writer. There has, as yet, appeared little trouble with fruit diseases or insects. There has sometimes appeared signs of mildew on some varieties, and occasionally instances of spittle bug. Last year there was some complaint of injury to the grape by a small, white fly. Southern Utah is but newly settled, and our capacity in Pomology, as yet, undeveloped, but Utah may safely be set down as one of the finest fruit-growing Territories. Very respectfully, J. E. Johnson. Report from Nevada. Keno, Nev., April 3, 1873. P. Barry, Esq., — Dear Sir : — In regard to a Fruit Committee for the State of Nevada, I scarcely think the fruit interest will, at present, justify taking any measures concerning getting up any report worth men- tioning, as the cultivation of fruit is only in its infancy. I do not know of any one party that has planted out as many fruit trees as myself, which is about twelve hun- 116 REPORT FROM CALIFORNIA. dred, the principal part of which were one-year-olds purchased from Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry of the Mount Hope Nurseries, near Rochester, N. Y., two years ago, and consequently have not come into bearing yet, how- ever: the trees, such as escaped the borer (which is very bad here) have done nicely, doing much better than some California trees which were much larger and thriftier looking at the same age, and are planted side by side. The Rochester trees have out-grown them decidedly, and look even more healthy. I had last year a few apples from some five-year-old California trees, and am looking forward for a larger number this year. Yours respectfully, John Larcombe. Report from California. Twenty years only have elapsed since the culture of fruit in California has been earnestly engaged in. The liberal recompense realized by the pioneers, stimulated others in their efforts to excel. Money and toil were lavishly spent to obtain the best and rarest seeds, and the choice of Eastern nurseries, transplanted here, found a congenial soil and a climate most favorable for their de- velopment. Consequently, our best orchards and vine- yards are overcrowded with varieties, and the owners are forced by the demands of their markets to discard even good ones if not embraced within popular favor. As one of the most important labors of the Society is to perfect a list of the best varieties adapted to the great- est extent of country, and most profitable culture, your Committee will be governed by the same action and re- strict itself to that consideration as regards California. Conditions predicated upon mean temperature, rain- fall, component constituents of the soil, aspect, altitude, au atmosphere more or less infused with moisture, and other meteorological conditions, exercise the same influ- ence here, and are so favorably arranged for fruit culture that upon any given spot in California a greater variety of fruits can be well grown than under corresponding latitude on the Eastern side of the Continent ; thus all the semi-tropical fruits can be raised in conjunction with those of a Northern clime. Our Astrachans, Bah/wins and Pippins will be recognized as such wherever shown; but if disguised it is only by their Sunday clothing, more gorgeous with the tints of the unclouded solar rays, and, fed upon the doubly distilled moisture derived mainly by condensation, they are sweeter and richer ; besides, judi- cious irrigation can easily modify any deficiency of juici- ness, and protract the season of their ripening. By the time another decade of national life is absorbed, the wastage of water will be economized and retained for the sustenance of plant life during the season of drouth ; human knowledge can hardly predict the modifications and the perfection fruit culture will ultimately attain by those efforts ; but in California will be the throne of Pomona's most exalted realm, — the hills clothed with the vine, every nook covered with fruit-bearing trees, mul- berry groves skirting the plain, oranges, date palms, olives and figs along the grand irrigating ditches of the San Joaquin, will proclaim her dominion. A fortune would reward the originator of a first-class early apple; the Harvest, now heading the list, is only of second quality, and the gorgeously arrayed Astrachan still lower in our estimation. The Early Strawberry is in every way excellent, but ripening late. For cooking during the months of June and July, the Dutch Codlin holds its sway. Fall Pippin, Holland Pippin, Graven- stein, Lyscom, Maiden's Blush, Roxbury Russet do well un- til late in autumn. Rhode Island Greening, Baldwin, Swaar, Newtown Pippin, Spitzenberg and White Winter Pearmain will fill the list for winter. Apples keep well all winter, piled under the trees and sheltered from rain and sun. A choice selection of pears would be covered by Blood- good, Bartlett, Washington, Seckel, Winter Nelis. Flemish Beauty, Duchesse and Easter Beurre attain great size, but are not favorites with the public. Belle Lucrative, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Beurre d'Anjou, Stevens' Genesee, Doy- enne are a drug in the market. Glout Morceau and Vicar are worthless. Experiments in progress with seedling pears are full of interest, and sustain the hope that some of our best va- rieties can be revivified as seedlings, thus producing -a new generation to propagate from. By selecting a variety with large, full seeds, and hybridizing artificially or by chance, the seedlings thus raised will at once equal, and possibly may excel in some desirable qualities, the pa- rental stock on either side ; this will hold good with all other varieties of fruit. The peach is the most hardy tree grown here ; will survive the worst ill usage and repay it without dimi- nution of fruits ; all it requires is close pruning, shorten- ing in, and chopping down of the worn-out branches, to sprout from the ground with renewed vigor and bear another series of superior crops. In wet years the curl prevails, and recently a white fungus attacks the fruit iu blotches and the ends of the shoots. A few nectarines are raised, the fruit being inferior in flavor to the peach. Apricots, the Large Early and the Peach are favorites and bear profusely, but are often cut short by spring frosts. Beach stock preferred. Plums bear abundantly, and so far no curculio has ap- peared ; all varieties do best on peach stocks. Quinces produce regular crops; the largest fruit is grown on the Portugal, attaining the weight of over two pounds ; the tree is subject to the black knot. Cherry trees are very tender, the least bruise of the stem starts the exuding sap and decay follows. To shade the stem any way most convenient or practicable will be found beneficial ; a cement of clay and ashes plastered over the stem and thicker branches appears to answer well. Black varieties are preferred here. There are two varieties brought out under the name of Royal Ann; one is a black, superior to the Black Tartarian, the other a white. The fig fairly luxuriates under our bright skies ; fur- nished with sufficient moisture it produces enormous crops. REPORT FROM SOUTH CAROLINA. 117 Pomegranates thrive well. The olive is, as yet, little appreciated ; grown easily from cuttings, requiring hardly any pruning, attaining the age of several centuries and bearing regular crops of olives as highly prized in the green state as for oil. It will be by the next generation more extensively utilized. Almonds, walnuts, pecans and chestnuts, the most valu- able of nut bearing trees, come into bearing at an early age, the Japan chestnut fruiting the second year from graft. Oranges and limes, with more or less protection, grow luxuriantly along and near our line of coast for five hun- dred miles. The Agave Americana or Century Plant is utilized as a hedge plant. Currants, blackberries, gooseberries, raspberries and strawberries bear abundantly. The lordly banana begins to spread its mammoth foli- age in many a garden spot. Thus, under the influence of skilled industry and the vivifying flow of waters to be utilized, all the semi-tropi- cal fruits will find here a congenial home. But the glory of California will be her vineyards ; innumerable little nooks and valleys, rich with the attributes of surrounding mountains, and under most favorable climatic conditions are waiting for patient labor to clothe them with the clustering grape. All the finest varieties succeed ad- mirably, and the product either to be utilized for wine or raisins is all that could be desired. It is not to be inferred, nor is it claimed, that the hor- ticulturist in California needs only to plant a tree or a vine to realize in a few years several hundred pounds of apples per tree, or even a thousand pounds of grapes to the vine. He has to contend with many evils, as in other climes or avocations; constant vigilance and sound judg- ment are required to supply the most favorable condi- tions for the development of his nurslings, and destroy in the beginning their enemies. Different varieties of fungoid growths and injurious insects begin to multiply. All experienced vine culturists pronounce this the most favorite land of the grape, still oidium is known ; the borer, and especially the thrip, do considerable injury. Thus every laborer in Pomona's realm is interested in the experience of his co-laborers. A new comer opens a most willing ear to an often repeated tale, but full of novelty to him; so to compare experiences, I take the lib- erty to make these deductions That clean culture is indispensable for orchard and vineyard. That the raising of other crops between trees when abundant manures are not obtainable, is a killing of the goose laying golden eggs. Alkaline or earthy washes of the stem and larger branches are conducive to the health of trees. By repeatedly scraping off the earth around the trees and vines, early in the spring, many insects, their eggs and larvse are destroyed. That careful pruning and shortening in of the shoots is indispensable to the production of fine and large fruits. All the pruning should be carefully husbanded and re- turned to the soil. To light bonfires for the destruction of insects, to raise smoke to avoid injury from spring frosts are probably the most available and serviceable means for destroying fungoid and insect growths on foli- age and fruit — by fumigation of the whole orchard and vineyard, making numerous smoldering fires with the addition of coal tar or asphalturn and sulphur. Respectfully submitted, J. Strkntzkl. Aliiamdka, Contra Costa Co., Cal. Report from South Carolina. Charleston, S. C, August 3, 1873. P. Barry, Esq., Chairman,— Dear Sir : — I will not ex- cuse myself from reporting to you, though I am sorry to say, I have but little information to give. Pomology is in a very depressed condition in this State at present. The close of the war found nearly all our orchards, vine- yards and fruit gardens ruined, either by the direct rav- ages of the armies, or by the neglect which necessarily resulted from the absence of their owners in the field. Immediately after the war, a few persons in the neigh- borhood of our towns and cities commenced planting the various fruits most likely to give them a profit, either in their home market or by shipping ; but generally they lacked the necessary knowledge and skill for the business, and met with but poor success. The mass of our people have been too much devoted to cotton, as the most direct means of recuperating their fortunes, to think much of horticulture — for which, however, many of them have a taste. Within the last three or four years, there has been a good deal of interest manifested in the subject of fruit- growing, and constantly inquiries come to me, as an editor of a magazine which devotes some space to horti- culture, for information in regard to the best varieties for the different parts of the country, and I think a few years hence we shall be able to show a decided progress. According to instructions, I associated with myself four other gentlemen, in different parts of the State, as a committee for South Carolina, but only three of them have reported to me and they but briefly, aud simply in regard to the varieties best suited to their particular re- gion of country. I add my own limited experience and give you the results in brief, hoping that our State will be represented at the Boston meeting by persons better fitted to represent it than myself. South Carolina is naturally divided into three distinct zones or regions of country, each with decided peculiar- ities of climate and soil — the Low Country or Coast Re- gion, the Middle Country and the Upper Country. The Low Country is level and mainly sandy; the Middle Country has somewhat more diversity of soil as well as of surface, but sandy is still the prevailing characteristic of the uplands. In the Upper Country strong clayey soils abound, with some gravelly and rocky land, and the surface is hilly. We are obliged to take these conditions into account in planting and in the selection of varieties. 118 REPORT FROM SOUTH CAROLINA. I will now note the results of our imperfect experience in regard to varieties. I shall name only such as we deem valuable for us, and it may be understood that those varieties which are not mentioned are either not desirable for general cultivation, or have not been tested or their character observed by us. In the following list, those varieties not otherwise noted are recommended for the State generally. The initials (1. c, m. c. and u. c.) stand for Low Country, Middle Country and Upper Country. APPLES. Summer.— Early Harvest, Red Astrachan.— -Very pop- ular for market. May. Red June. — Very good everywhere. Summer Pearmain. Early Red Margaret (Syn. Striped June). Summer Rose. Horse. — For cooking and drying. Maiden's Blush, Strawberry, Williams' Favorite. Sweet Bough. — The best early sweet variety. Autumn. — Bonum (u. c), Disharoon. Equinetely (Syns. Bachelor, Buckingham, &c, &c). Golden Russet (u. c), Hoover (m. c. and u. c). Taunton (u. c). — For market. Smoke House. Eutaw (u. c). Winter. — Shockley (m. c. and n. a). — The best keeper; quality second rate. Buncombe (m. c). — Excellent. Carolina Greening (Syn. Green Cheese, &c). Lady Apple, Vandevere, Buff (u. c). Limber Twig, Faust's Winter (m. a), Hall(xi. a), Clark's Pearmain, Stevenson's Winter (m. c. and u. a), Hockett's Sweet. Remarks. — The apple succeeds best here on strong, clayey and rather moist soil. The borer is very trouble- some, destroying many trees, even with the best atten- tion that can be given them. PEARS. Bartlett (m.), Duchesse d'Angouleme (m.), Seckel, Kirt- land (m.), Lawrence (m.), Glout Morceau (u. c), Dear- born's Seedling (m. c. and u. a), Beurre Superfn (m.), Beurre d'Anjou (m.), Madelaine (u. c. and m. c), Man- ning (u. a), Gray Doyenne (u. a), Elizabeth (u. a), Beurre Clairgeau, Winter Nelis (m. c), Brandywine (u. a), Doy- enne d'Ete, Dr. Bachman (a South Carolina seedling), (u. c), Upper Crust (u. a), St. Ghislain (m. c. and u. c), Liberate (u. c.) Remarks. — The blight is very destructive to the pear in the Middle and Upper Country; but the varieties named are less liable to it than others. The pear, un- like the apple, is healthiest and most productive in the Coast region. Those marked m. are most profitable to grow here for market. PEACHES. Amelia, Freestone. — Large and excellent, but too soft for market. Grofse Mignonne. Hale's Early (1. a). — Does not rot here. Large Early York. Early Tillotson. — Very popular and good here. George the Fourth, Yellow Rareripe (m. c. and u. c), Tip- pecanoe, President, Eaton's Golden (u. c), Heath Cling, Honey, Crawford's Late, Late Admirable, Scott's October (u- c. and m. c). Noblesse. — Too little known. Royal Kensington. Lemon Cling (u. c). — A favorite here. Indian Blood, Freestone (u. c), Indian Blood, Cling (u. c. and m. c). Peach trees are generally healthy throughout the State, but subject everywhere to the borer, and in some parts of the country the crop is utterly destroyed by the cur- culio. Comparatively few are now grown for shipping. APRICOTS AND NECTARINES. Fine apricots and nectarines are occasionally seen, but generally they are all destroyed by the curculio. PLUMS. No plums can be grown with profit, except perhaps in a few isolated cases, on account of the curculio. I may except also the Wild Goose, and one or two other varie- ties of the Chickasaw species, which are but little injured by the curculio. CHERRIES. Cherries do not generally succeed and are seldom planted. In the Upper Country, the common Morello sometimes does well, however. FIGS. These are everywhere abundant and delicious, but es- pecially in the Coast region. They have no disease, and at least one good crop is certain each year, and on some trees two other small crops. Celestial (Syn. Sugar). — Best of all. Brown Turkey, While Marseilles (1. a), Brunswick, Black Genoa, Lemon, White Genoa, Allicanle (1. c). The Scuppernong, is universally cultivated for home use and for wine, and several other varieties of the Mus- cadine or Bullace species, are being introduced. These grapes, though overrated by some of our people, are uot by any means so bad as is generally supposed at the North, where good specimens, from the nature of the case, can never be seen or tasted. Concord. — For market. Clinton. — For wine. Hartford Prolific. — Market. Delaware, lona. Maxatawney. — Healthy, strong grower, excellent. Israella. Walter (1. c). — Better than Delaware, and very prolific on strong soil ; very promising, at least for the Lower Country. Perkins. REPORT FROM GEORGIA. 119 Johnson. — A South Carolina seedling, and the most re- liable grape in the Upper Country. But the best grape I have on my grounds is the Peter Wylie, one of Dr. Wylie's hybrids: perfectly healthy. RASPBERRIES. Large Miami (Syn. Mammoth Cluster). — The sweetest and most abundant bearer here. Philadelphia, Clarke. STRAWBERRIES. Wilson's. Newman's Prolific (1. c). — A Charleston seedling; the best market berry for this immediate vicinity ; quality not very good. Triomphe de Gand. — Home use and market. Long worth's Prolific. — Market. Seth Boyden. — Excellent every way. Green Prolific (u. c). Respectfully submitted, D. H. Jacques, Chairman. B. C. Pressley, It. J. Gage, H. W. Ravenel, W. C. Johnson. Report from Georgia. Augusta, Ga., August 25, 1873. P. Barry, Esq., Chairman, — Dear Sir: — Since my last report to the American Pomological Society in August, 1871, fruit culture has made rapid progress in our State, not only in a vast increase in the average number of fruit trees planted annually, but also in the selection of fruits best adapted to the different regions of the State. Im- mediately after the termination of the war, the Southern States were overrun by an army of tree peddlers who, by bringing with them fruits unsuited to the climate, or trees incorrectly named, have materially retarded fruit culture, confused our fruit nomenclature and earned for themselves an unenviable reputation. The farming com- munity is beginning to discriminate between the products of well-established nurseries and those of irresponsible itinerant dealers, and as a result begin to reap some ben- efit from their purchases of good fruit trees. In several localities the idea still prevails that pears are unfit to eat, from the fact that some years ago an immense number of trees of the Vicar of Winkfield were introduced and sold by tree peddlers under various names, and as this variety is almost everywhere worthless in the South, the impres- sion left was that no variety of pear was worth cultiva- ting. Innumerable quantities of Northern winter apples have also been planted in every section, the result being that the fruit decaying and dropping before maturity, discour- aged our farmers from further attempts in fruit culture. By the misrepresentations of men who had no reputation to lose, but who cared only for the immediate profits which they derived from the sale of inferior and un- suited fruit trees, much money has been taken from the spare means of a farming community impoverished by a long civil war ; and fruit-growing received a serious check. The Georgia State Agricultural Society, which was re- organized in 1869, has worked faithfully in developing the producing resources of the State, and has given fruit culture a prominent part in its semi-annual conventions and annual fairs. Agricultural clubs have also been or- ganized in almost every county in the State ; through their influence pomological knowledge is disseminated, and we are now upon a progressive course. PEARS. The past two seasons have been unusually favorable to this fruit. Crops of large and fine fruit have everywhere remunerated the growers for whatever extra culture they may have given their trees. The Duchesse d'Angouleme, which happily has been ex- tensively planted within the past four years, has given a great impetus to pear culture, and has given large profits to those who had planted this variety to some extent. For the first time in the annals of Georgia, there was held an exhibition in Atlanta, on the 20th and 21st inst., where fruits were the only materials. Nearly one hundred varieties of pears were exhibited, and with few exceptions bore evidence of good culture. This exhibition compared favorably, in point of numbers and variety, with those held under the auspices of the American Pomological Society up to 1860. We have a well tested succession of varieties, which give an uninterrupted supply of fruit from the beginning of June, when the Doyenne d'Ete opens the season until its close in February by the Beurre Easter and Winter Nelis. Of the varieties which succeed best, we would name Doyenne d'Ete, Madelaine, Beurre Giffard, Bloodgood, Bartlett, Buffum, Flemish Beauty, Rostiezer, Seckel, St. Michel Archange, Belle Lucrative, Beurre d'Anjou, Beurre Clairgeau, Beurre Diel, Beurre Easter, Beurre Superfin, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Lawrence, Howell, Beurre Bosc, Tyson, Onondaga, Winter Nelis, etc. Several native seedlings of good quality are cultivated with profit. Among the best are Abercrombie and Jeffer- son, both natives of Alabama and early summer fruits; the Nabours, a good August pear, and the Pope or Bon- ners, a fine September fruit. These two last are of Geor- gia origin. We have had very little pear blight since 1870-71. The absence of this scourge has encouraged many per- sons to embark in pear culture, and an evidence of prog- ress is the presence of good Southern grown pears upon our markets, a feature almost unknown a year or two ago. APPLES. The present crop is of good average in the middle sec- tions of the State and increases in the lime-stone belt. In some sections of the upper portion of the State, the apple crop is very large. Winter apples are increasing in num- ber of varieties, and much attention is paid to this class. With ordinary care we can keep several varieties until the opening of the strawberry season. Our best keepers are Shockley, Stevenson's, Yates, Moullries, Lever, Maver- ick Sweet, Abram, Hocketfs Sweet, Etowah, etc. 120 KEPORT FROM GEORGIA. Of the new varieties we mention : Lanier. — A very large October apple, keeping until De- cember. Handsome appearance and of good quality. Etowah. — A seedling of Shockley, which it resembles in shape and size; color deep carmine; of very good quality, aud a very late keeper. Tree productive and compact grower. Cooper's Yellow. — ■ A flat apple of large size ; yellow with a pale red cheek ; quality very good ; early winter, or late fall. Homes. — Large, showy, early fruit ; sub-acid and very promising. PEACHES. On April 26th, last, a severe frost destroyed our pros- pects for an abundant crop. The damage was general throughout middle Georgia ; few varieties except seed- lings escaped. The only variety which seemed uninjured was the Hale's Early, which in many sections produced a large crop when every variety planted near it failed. Hale's were sold in our markets from $4 to $6 per bushel, and, contrary to past experience, its season of maturity lasted from June 1st to the beginning of July ; about one- half of the fruit decayed upon the trees before maturity. Early Beatrice fruited sparingly in one or two localities, and matured from six to eight days before Hale's. Its size was rather small, but quality very good. Picquet's Late has sustained its well earned reputation as a superior August market fruit. The Standing Fruit Committee of the Georgia State Horticultural Society, compared it with the Smock and Salway, well grown spec- imens of these varieties being exhibited on August 20th. Smock was rejected from the list as below the standard for admission. Salway was claimed as good but too small, flesh melting and sweet. Picquet's claimed as best, and was of very large size and fine appearance. Among the remarkable new varieties lately introduced we would name : Thurber. — A seedling of the Chinese Cling, which it re- sembles in shape and appearance, but with the additional merit of being a freestone, and the tree a compact grower. Quality exquisite ; maturity middle to end of July. Governor. — A magnificent seedling of the President, with increased flavor and of very large size. Muscogee. — A sub-variety of the Columbia, with white flesh, of large size ; fine flavor. Tuskena. — A large, yellow clingstone of first quality and fine appearance, ripening immediately after Early Tillotson, or before that variety is quite passed. This opens a new phase in our peach list, as our earliest clingstone heretofore worth cultivating was the Chinese Cling. The Tuskena ripens fully three weeks before the former. Many excellent new varieties have been brought to no- tice, but, with the already innumerable list of very good fruits in cultivation, the difficulty now consists in ad- mitting for cultivation only such kinds as possess tran- scendent qualities of size, quality or peculiar maturity of season. In former years it was customary to allow hogs to range in plum and peach orchards ; thus all the wormy part was destroyed, and the depredations of the curculio very slight. Hog raising has now almost been aban- doned in many sections of the State, and the curculio is gradually on the increase; in some localities this insect is becoming so troublesome as to almost prevent grow- ing peaches and apples. The finer classes of plums, such as Gages, etc., cannot be grown except in poultry yards and then only if the trees are carefully watched during the period when they set fruit, and until the latter has at- tained at least half its size. Our improved varieties of Chickasaw type are less liable to the attack of the curcu- lio, and from this type we reap full crops every year. Many new varieties have lately been introduced, and we are confident that before long we shall possess a race of plums that will compare favorably in quality with the Gages; but with the additional merit of being better grow- ers, and less liable to the attack of curculio. The season of maturity ranges now from the end of May until the beginning of September. APRICOTS Are only desirable for culture in city gardens. Spring frosts destroy the crops regularly, when planted in the open field. ALMONDS Are unproductive, except in a few favorable localities in the immediate proximity of the sea. FIGS Suffered greatly from the unusual cold weather during the past winter. There was no first crop, except in shel- tered places in cities. The second crop, especially the Brown Turkey and Celestial, is very abundant. JUJUBE, POMEGRANATES, ETC., Have not been injured by the unusual cold weather, and are giving a large yield of fruit. ORANGES. On the sea coast and in the counties bordering Florida, the orange crop is of good average. The trees are liable to be injured by frost, and for that cause the orange cul- ture in South Georgia is rather uncertain. STRAWBERRIES. Frost of April 26th, preceded by a month's drought, caused a failure in this crop. No market variety is com- parable to Wilson's Albany, aud this is principally grown for shipping. The Newman is a large and showy berry, but inferior as to quality, and worthless if growu in Middle Georgia. Near Charleston, S. C, it is grown largely for the Northern markets, aud commands a high price. Al- though the supply of strawberries is rapidly increasing and doubles in quantity yearly, still the demand is equal to the supply, and prices remain remunerative to the growers. REPORTS FKOM ARKANSAS AND LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI DELEGATIONS. 121 GRAPES Have been comparatively free from. decay, and a new im- petus has been given to their culture. In Middle Georgia very large crops have been made this year. Concord. — Unusually good. Ives. — Gaining in favor as a market grape, as well as for wine. Delaware still stands first as a table grape; productive and free from decay. Senasqua promises well; its quality is best, and vigor of the vine very fair. Martha. — Prolific and a good grower, but fruit lacks flavor. Eumelan. — Sets badly; its quality otherwise is best. Croton. — Does not promise well. Walter. — lias given but indifferent results. Norton's Virginia. — A most prolific bearer, free from decay, and an excellent wine grape ; not desirable for table use. Our Warren and Black July have given better results this year than during the four years previous. Pauline. — Has become totally unproductive. Taylor or Bullet. — Generally worthless. Unusually large and well-formed bunches were produced in Atlanta on vines planted promiscuously with others ; the quality, however, being hardly good. Our best white grape is Maxatawney. Of Rogers' Hybrids, Goethe, Wilder and Salem are the most desirable. The Scuppernong, however, is conceded to be the grape for the South, and its culture is increasing fast. We look to this variety, and its improved offspring, for the future success of wine growing in this section. Some large wine-making establishments are in operation, and their products have attained a marked degree of superi- ority over what was formerly found in the trade. SMALL FRUITS. Currants and gooseberries are worthless except in the high mountain regions. Blackberries are but little cultivated, as the wild vari- eties are of large size and excellent quality. Raspberries of the Black Cap and Purple Cane types do well. Foreign varieties give no results except in shel- tered localities of the mountain region. Respectfully submitted, P. J. Berckmans, Chairman State Fruit Committee. Report from Arkansas. Mat 10, 1873. P. Barry, Esq. — Dear Sir : — Your favor of March 24th has been on hand some time, informing me that I am one of the members of the General Fruit Commit- tee of the American Pomological Society. I had been blundering along here and neglected to get the proceed- ings of the last Convention, and did not know there was any thing required of me by the Society. 16 I will take pleasure in forwarding any information in my power. I have been tinkering along for ten or fifteen years with apples and peaches, in the real old slip-shod style, setting out all kinds of trees but the right sort, till about four or five years ago, and not in the right way then, though I think I am improving since I began to read the Fruit Book and agricultural papers, so my own knowledge will be limited, as my frees are not in bearing. I have addressed letters to the best pomolo- gists of my section of country, and expect to be able to make my report in time for use. We are a slow-going people down here, so far as improvements are concerned, but I think the midnight darkness is breaking away and daylight dawning. Railroads are in progress ; agricul- tural and horticultural books and papers are scattered broadcast, one in a hill, over the country, and Yankee im- migration talked of. When the wheel of time brings all these good things around, (in the language of the West- ern orator,) " Who is afraid? " I am truly your friend, Charles A. Strawn. Rocky Comfort, Little River Co., Aric. Report of the Louisiana and Mis- sissippi Delegations. The delegates from the " Louisiana Fruit Growers' Association " take pleasure in assuring their brethren of the American Pomological Society, that the culture of fine fruits is making rapid and gratifying progress throughout the far South and South-west, and that the very great and peculiar climatic advantages of that favored region are at length beginning to be properly appre- ciated. For some years past, the attention of commercial fruit- growers has been especially directed to those portions of Mississippi and Louisiana contiguous to the "New Or- leans, Jackson and Great Northern Railroad," which road forms the most direct and expeditious line of com- munication with the markets of the West and North- west. Many enterprising and intelligent fruit-growers have settled along this road ; and their productions are already finding their way to distant cities of the West, and yielding very gratifying and remunerative returns. When it is considered that cheap and healthy locations may readily be procured at nearly all points on this road — that all the best market fruits, such as peaches, pears, grapes, apples, &c, flourish there in great perfec- tion— that these fruits ripen and are ready for market from four to eight weeks earlier than similar varieties mature in the more Northern States ; and that the through lines of railroad from New Orleans to the North-west furnish every facility for the rapid and cheap shipment of fruit, it will be no matter of surprise that the business is greatly on the increase, and that it bids fair, ere long, to assume a vast magnitude and import- ance. It affords us great satisfaction to be able to make this 122 REPOET FROM THE LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI DELEGATIONS. report to the National Society, and to assure its members that the cause in which we all feel so much interest, is not languishing in our sunny clime. The successful pro- duction, among us, of all the finer varieties of fruit, is no longer a matter of doubtful experiment, but an ac- complished fact. At an almost impromptu exhibition of fruits, held in the city of New Orleans, last July, (under the auspices of our Louisiana Association,) there were shown apples, pears, peaches, plums, grapes, figs, pome- granates, oranges, and other fruits, in great abundance and perfection; and we venture to say that no portion of our continent can surpass the Gulf coasts of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, in the pro- duction— upon the same ground and side by side — of the apple, the pear, the peach, the grape, the orange, the fig, the pomegranate, the " mespilus," and other fruits of the temperate and semi-tropical regions. Large tracts of land, perfectly suited to the growth of all these varied fruits, are now waiting for the skilled labor and the capital which will transform them into smiling and productive orchards, gardens and vineyards: but we feel sure that, in the natural progress of events, the most accessible and eligible portions of our Southern country will soon be occupied by an intelligent and in- dustrious population, and that the great and beneficent business of growing and disseminating the fine fruits pe- culiar to our mild and almost tropical climate, will re- ceive the attention it so well deserves. With the view, therefore, of adding in a slight degree to the valuable lists already published in our Transac- tions, and of aiding new settlers and beginners in making a proper selection of fruits, we respectfully present, for the consideration of the Society, the following list for the South-west, and for all that portion of the Gulf Coast be- tween Mobile Bay and Eastern Texas: APPLES. Early Harvest, Red Astrachan, Carolina Red June, Primate, Garretson's Early, Yellotv June, Early Straw- berry, Bevan, Golden Sweet, American Summer Pearmain, Rhodes' Orange, Bruce's Summer, Yellow Horse, Cane Creek Sweet, Batchelor, Taunton, Hoover, Carter. PEARS. Doyenne d'Ete, Julienne, Osband's Summer, Beurre Gou- bault, Doyenne Boussock, Bartlelt, Beurre Super/in, Howell, Seckel, St. Michel Archange, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Gray Doyenne, Beurre d'Anjou, Lawrence, Winter Nelis. PEACHES. Early Tillotson, Yellow St. John, Tuskena (cling), Yel- low Rareripe, Amelia, Mountain Rose, Chinese Cling, Early Crawford, Stump the World, Susquehanna, Old Mixon Free and Old Mixon Cling, Columbia, Raymond Cling, Picquet's Late, Lady Parham. PLUMS. Temple, Lombard, German Prune, Wild Goose, Indian Chief, Brill. GRAPES. Hartford, Ives, Concord, Clinton, Maxatawney, Scupper- nong. FIGS. Celestial, Green Ischia, Brown Turkey, White Genoa, Angelique, Black Genoa, Brunswick. ORANGES. Louisiana Creole, Mandarin, Brazilian. LEMONS. Florida and Sicily. STRAWBERRIES. Longxvorth's Prolific, Mary Stuart, Wilson's Albany, President Wilder, Charles Downing, Kentucky. RASPBERRIES. Davison's Thornless, Mammoth Cluster, Golden Thorn- less, Clarke, Herstine. BLACKBERRIES. Early Wilson, Lawton. All which is most respectfully submitted, D. Redmond, H. A. Swasey, M. D., M. B. HlLLYARD. Boston, September 10, 1873. POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY ESSAYS. Essay. By Professor Asa Gray, M. D. Were the Fruits made for Man, or did Man make the Fruits? — These need not be taken as mutually exclusive propositions ; for as " God helps those who help them- selves," and man's work in this respect is mainly, if not wholly, in directing the course or tendency of nature, so there is a just sense in which we may say " the art itself is nature," by which the greatest triumphs of horticul- tural skill have been accomplished. Moreover, I am not one of those naturalists who would have you believe that nothing which comes by degrees, and in the course of nature, is to be attributed to Divine power. The answer I should give to the question, as we thus put it, is : 1. Some fruits were given to man as they are, and he has only gathered and consumed them. But these are all minor fruits, and such as have only lately come within the reach of civilized man, or are not thought worth his trouble. Huckleberries and cranberries, persimmons and papaws are examples, taken from this country. Whether even such fruits have or have not been under a course of improvement, irrespective of man, is another question. 2. Others have come to man full flavored, and nearly all that he has done has been to increase their size and abundance, or extend their season. Currants and goose- berries, raspberries and blackberries, chestnuts, and above all, strawberries, are of this class. 3. But most of the esteemed and important fruits, as well as the grains, have not so much been given to man as made by him. The gift outright was mainly plastic, raw material , time and opportunity. As to the cereal grains, it is only of the oat that we probably know the wild original ; of wheat there has been an ingenious con- jecture, partly, but insufficiently, confirmed by experi- ment ; of the rest, no wild stock is known which is not most likely itself an escape from cultivation. Of some of them, such especially as maize, not only can no wild original be indicated, but in all probability none exists. So of the staple fruits ; of some, the wild originals can be pretty well made out ; of more, they are merely con- jectural ; of some, they are quite unknown and perhaps long ago extinct. To cite examples in confirmation or illustration of these points — to note how very ancient some of our varieties of common fruits are, and how very recent certain others — to consider how they have originated, with or without man's conscious agency, aud how they have been per- fected, diversified and preserved, mainly under man's direct care — would be to expand this note into an essay, and yet to say nothing with which pomologists are not familiar. It would be curious to speculate as to what our po- mology would have been if the civilization from which it, and we ourselves, have sprung, had had its birthplace along the southern shores of our great lakes, the north- ern of the Gulf of Mexico, and the intervening Missis- sippi, instead of the Levant, Mesopotamia and the Nile, and our old world had been open to us as a new world, less than four hundred years ago. Seemingly, we should not have as great a variety of choice fruits as we have now, and they would mostly have been different, but probably neither scanty nor poor. In grapes, at least, we should have been gainers. Our five or six available species, of which we are now just begin- ning to know the capabilities, would have given us at least as many choice sorts and as wide a diversity as we now have of pears ; while pears would be a recent acqui- sition, somewhat as our American grapes now are. Our apples would have been developed from Pyrus Coronaria, and might have equalled anything we actually possess from Pyrus Mains in flavor, though perhaps not in va- riety, if it be true, as Karl Koch supposes, that the apples of the orchards are from three or four species. At least one of our wild hawthorns, Crataegus Tomentosa, in some varieties, bears a large and delicately flavored fruit, evi- dently capable of increase in size ; it might have been in the front rank of pomaceous fruits. In a smaller way our service-berry would have been turned to good ac- count ; our plums would have been the progeny of the Chicasa, the beach plum, and our wild red and yellow Prunus Americana, which have already shown great ca- pacity for improvement ; our cherries might have been as well flavored, but probably not as large as they now are. But instead of peaches aud figs, we should be discussing manifold aud most luscious varieties of persimmon and papaw, the former probably equal to the kalci just ac- quired from the far East. As to strawberries, goose- berries and currants, we should have lost nothing and 124 ESSAY BY P. T. QTJINN. gained something, as we possess several species besides the European types themselves ; as to blackberries and raspberries we should have been better off than now, by the earlier development and diversification of our indige- nous species. And we might have had all our finest strawberries a thousand or more years ago, these having come from our American types, Fragaria Virginiana with its varieties (which, as well as the Old World F. Vesca, occurs all across the continent j, and F. Chilensis, which ascends the Pacific coast to Oregon. Then we should consider how much earlier our race, with an American birthplace, would have been in pos- session of tomatoes, of the pine-apple, of the cherimoyer and the other custard apples, of the star-apples and other sapotaceous fruits, of chocolate, of Lima beans in all their varieties, of peanuts ; not to speak of potatoes, sweet potatoes, and "Jerusalem" (that is, girasola or sunflower) artichokes : the last supplemented by our ground-nut (Apios inbcrosa) would have been the first developed esculent tubers, and would probably have held their place in the first rank along with potatoes and sweet potatoes of later acquisition. Among the causes and circumstances which have given to the fruits of temperate climates of the old world their pre-eminence, opportunity is one. How many potential fruits of value lie undeveloped in this couutry we know not, and shall never know. They have lost their oppor- tunity. Necessity, which is the mother of pomology as well as of other inventions, has been fully supplied out of other accessible, and in some eases no doubt, origin- ally, better materials. There are some, however, for which evidently " a good time is coming." Of these, our wild grapes are fore- most. They have such a start already, and seedlings, whether from crosses or otherwise, can be produced and selected and reproduced in so short a space of time, that they will probably have achieved their position when the American Pomological Society holds its centennial cele- bration. Blackberries, from Ritbus Villosus, are in similar case; and if due attention be paid to the low blackberry or dewberry, and to the sand blackberry of New Jersey and farther south, the foundation for a greater diversity of excellent sorts will be laid. As to cranberries, already an important staple, in- crease of size and abundance of production are all that are to be expected. It is easier to bring about improve- ments in the direction of sweetness than in that of acid- ity. Huckleberries, also, have probably nearly reached their perfection unassisted. A few wild fruits may be mentioned which manifestly have great capabilities, that may or may not be developed in the future. The leading instances in my mind are the persimmon and the papaw, — not the true papaw, of course, which we have in Florida, but the Asimina or Western papaw, so called. Both persimmons and papaw s are freely offering, from spontaneous seedlings, incipient choicer varieties to be selected from ; both fruit when only a few years old, thereby accelerating the fixation of se- lected varieties into races ; and both give fruits of types wholly distinct from any others we possess of temperate climates. He that has not tasted a kaki has no concep- tion of the capabilities of the Diospyros genus. The custard apples of the West Indies give some idea of what might be made of our papaw, when ameliorated by cultivation and close selection from several generations. I have understood that one of the veteran pomologists of the country, Dr. Kirtland, of Ohio, a good while ago in- itiated a course of experiments upon the papaw in this regard ; it would be well to know with what success, and whether the breeding and selection have been continued through successive generations. Our American plums, already mentioned, have for many years been in some sort of cultivation, and have improved upon the wild forms ; but I suppose they have not been systematically attended to. Their extreme lia- bility to black-knot and other attacks renders them, for the present, unpromising. Finally, if pomology includes nuts, there is a promis- ing field uncultivated. Our wild chestnuts are sweeter than those of the Old World ; it would be well to try whether races might not be developed with the nuts as large as matrons or Spanish chestnuts, and without dimi- nution of flavor. If we were not too easily satisfied with a mere choice among spontaneous hickory nuts, we might have much better and thinner shelled ones. Varying as they do excessively in the thickness of'the shell and in the size and flavor of the kernel, they are inviting your attention, and promising to reward your care. The pecan is waiting to have the bitter matter between the shell and the kernel bred out ; the butternuts and black walnuts to have their excess of oil turned into farinaceous and sugary matter, and their shells thinned and smoothed by continued good breeding; when they will much surpass the European walnut. All this requires time, almost unlimited time ; but it is not for those who are enjoying the fruits which it has taken thousands of years to perfect, to refrain from the good work which is to increase the enjoyments of far future generations. Exhaustion of Fruit Trees and the Causes. By P. T. Quinn. The failure of certain varieties of fruit to bear maxi- mum crops of well developed specimens every year, or even every alternate season, under what would be acknowl- edged as high culture, does not always prove that such a variety is worthless and should be placed among the re- jected fruits, for with similar treatment this same variety, grown upon a different quality of soil in another locality, would yield abundantly of full-sized fruit, recommending itself by its natural thrift and productiveness. Failures arising from uncongeniality of soil and climate, are strik- ingly numerous in every district where fruit growing has been attempted in this country. At this time, among the more intelligent cultivators, it is very generally accepted, both in practice and theory, that there are comparatively ESSAY BY P. T. QUINN. 125 few varieties of our multiplicity of kinds that can, with any prospect of ultimate success, be recommended for orchard planting beyond the boundaries of single States, nor is it rare to find instances where different sections of the same State, call for entirely different lists of fruits, owing solely to the causes named. I mention these facts here, and lay particular stress upon them, in this brief paper, for I am well aware of the fact, that there is noth- ing more conducive to neglect and ill usage, in the man- agement of a fruit orchard, than to begin with a lot of varieties unsuited to the locality. Therefore, while trac- ing the causes of " exhaustion of fruit trees," it may be well to warn beginners from taking a wrong step in the start, and one so prolific of bad results that is so. likely to mar the path of the inexperienced fruit culturist. Choose the list of varieties then after full deliberation and thorough canvassing of the subject, and let this care and caution govern every step taken, not only in selecting lists of kinds, but also, from whom such trees should be pur- chased, for at this critical period there are two more im- portant considerations that will need earnest attention. The first, is to be sure and get strong and well-grown trees, and secondly, that such are true to name. To start with poorly grown stock, is courting disease and disap- pointment on the threshold of the undertaking, and to have fruit trees turn out untrue to name, is one of the most discouraging events that the beginner has in store for him, for it will prove as expensive as distasteful, bring- ing pangs of regret, too late, however, to remedy. Both of these may easily be avoided, and at no extra cost, by ordering the trees from some responsible nurseryman who has his reputation at stake, for such are always quite as anxious to send out good stock and that true to name, as the experienced purchaser is to be sure of these two points on the start. It is a safe and wise rule to follow, " never buy from a tree peddler," unless you are sure he is the representative of some responsible nursery firm, for whom he solicits orders. There may be some honest and well-meaning men among them, but the bulk of them should be shunned by farmers as venomous serpents, for they are now, and have been, one of the mainsprings to disaster and disappointment in fruit culture. Thousands of neglected and exhausted orchards, the cause of which can be traced to those unprincipled fellows who have, time and again, duped farmers by their exaggerated and gaudily colored plates of monstrosities in fruit which only exist on paper, to deceive and defraud the verdant, these unscrupulous " venders " are, up to this time, doing a thriving business throughout the country. It would be to the interest of all, both nurserymen and farmers, to suppress this branch of tree selling. In treating the subject of " exhaustion of fruit trees," from a practical stand-point, the old and familiar adage comes in play, that an " ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure," for trifling mistakes made on the start very often lead to disastrous results. Before plant- ing corn, potatoes or onions, successful farmers are sure to make a careful survey of the condition and quality of soil, adding what it may lack before depositing the seed, for to the wise it is self-evident unless these are up to the standard, the profits will be small. And so it is with the market gardener, who raises two and sometimes three crops, from the same ground the same year, and this year in and year out, for a lifetime, without exhaustion of the soil, but on the contrary improving it each year. But the gardener knows full well, without being told, that if he raises two crops from the same ground in a year, he has to manure for two, for if not, it is time and money thrown away, and better by far to only attempt one instead of two. If persons in starting a young orchard would always follow the market gardener's rule, the end would justify the means, and instead of a meagre supply of fertilizing material for one crop, there should be a lib- eral allowance given for two; in due time the trees would reimburse threefold for the outlay. But how very sel- dom we find this carried out in orchard practice. With a young orchard of apples or pears, no returns in the way of fruit are expected for six or seven years, and in the mean time the ground is cropped as usual, to pay ex- penses, using just enough of manure to bring the cultivated crop to maturity, forgetting or overlooking the fact that there are two crops on the same ground, each having needs, while only enough of manure is applied for one. By this short-sighted economy the trees are pinched, their growth and vigor impaired, and in thousands of instances the orchard permanently injured, leaving what fruit such trees produce at the mercy of the insects that now-a-days infests our orchards. Even when the ground is in good condition and fertile at the time of planting, following a plan similar to the one described, the results cannot be otherwise than fatal to the health and productiveness of such trees. Although the bad effect of such treatment may not show itself in so short a time, as when orchards of apples or pears are sown in cereals or grass, still it tells against the trees in the loug run. In pear culture, exhaustion and premature death of cer- tain varieties is hastened by neglect in furnishing the soil with fertilizing material and allowing young trees to over- bear. This latter practice has, in my belief, permanently injured more pear trees than all the other causes com- bined, and cannot be too strongly condemned or denounced, for whenever encouraged it is sure to prove fatal. In my planting of the pear in the future, I will not allow a pear to grow on a tree, no matter how vigorous it may be, until the tree is at least five or six years in place. Under good treatment, by this time the trees will be sizable, the roots well established, and the tops strong and capable of carrying a crop without running any risk of injuring the trees. I know from experience that this is by far the best plan to follow. Another and very productive source of exhaustion, is in planting fruit trees too far apart. When apple trees, for instance, are set forty feet apart each way, and pear trees twenty-five feet, there are wide intervening spaces be- tween the trees, that under the most favorable auspices of high culture it will take, at least, a quarter of a century for the trees to shade, and occupy the whole of the ground. Five or six years from the time of planting such an or- chard, the old custom was, and by the way, it is very com- mon even now, to sow the orchard down to grass, and 126 ESSAY BY CHARLES M. HOVEY. keep this part of the farm in permanent meadow. In open ground, meadow is seldom left longer than four or five years without breaking up the sod, cropping for two or three more and again re-seeding. But owing to the inconvenience of plowing among trees, and the un- certainty of getting hoed crops to grow in the shade of such, the sod, in the orchard, is left unbroken five, ten, and twenty years. In these long terms, the more nutri- tious and better quality of grasses are gradually run out, and replaced by the more vigorous and inferior native sorts, much more formidable rivals in the contest for food, than the former occupants — a fact that tells its own story from year to year, in the starved appearance and unfruit- fulness of such trees. However, the crop of hay is cut an- nually and hauled to the barn, and the apples gathered and taken away, while there is nothing returned in the shape of manure to make up, in whole or in part, for this annual drain upon the soil. Within my own compass, I know of dozens of apple orchards that have been kept constantly in grass from twelve to twenty years, the grass cut and apples gathered, (when there were any to gather,) and to my knowledge there has not, within any five years, been enough manure applied to raise one crop of pota- toes, nor, during that time, -as much labor given to the trees as would be in raising a single crop of corn. Yet these very men, who are excellent grain farmers, will stand and wonder why it is that apples don't grow and bear as they formerly did when they were boys, and that there is no use in trying any more. Grass is bad enough, under the best treatment, in an orchard where manure is ap- plied to the surface in liberal doses at regular intervals; but when this part is neglected, or overlooked for a term of years, it will need no prophetic vision to foresee the final result. Meager crops of very indifferent fruit will be the sum total of such treatment. That there are certain old favorite sorts of fruit that grew vigorously and bore abundantly, in the first half of the present century in many localities, but of late years, owing to climatic causes, have hopelessly failed under the best culture, none can dispute. But in the meantime, others, and equally valuable kinds, have taken their places, kinds that respond freely to high culture and are fully up to the standard in quality. These cases of failure are confined to a limited number of kinds, and do not, as many suppose, affect the whole list of sorts. To make fruit culture pay the highest profit, I am thor- oughly convinced of the importance of close planting, and low heading, so that when they reach the bearing age, the ground will be exclusively given up to the trees. Manure should be applied regularly, and the surface kept under the plow, running this implement, among bearing trees, not deeper than two or three inches. Essay on Pear Culture. Br Ciiakles M. Hovey, Cambridge, Mass. The subject of Pear Culture, upon which you have invited me to make a few remarks, I had supposed was pretty much exhausted ; at least so it was intimated more than twenty years ago. What Van Mons, for so many years, intently studied ; to which Knight devoted part of a long and useful life ; what Bouvier, Esperen, Gregoire, Bivort, Rivers and a host of other eminent cultivators abroad, to say nothing of the labors of Cox, Prince, Low- ell, Parmentier, Manning, Dearborn and others of our countrymen — I say what all these men, for a period cov- ering nearly a century, studied, and only began to fathom, to the American cultivators of twenty years ago was prac- tically exhausted. Yet perhaps we ought not to wonder at this. Everything in our country advances with rapid pace ; the stage-coach is gone, the railroad is slow, and the telegraph already a tardy movement. Our pear cul- ture follows in the same channel. To-day we import a plant, a new pear, and almost the next we condemn it as unworthy of culture. So glorious is our climate, so scien- tific our treatment, and correct our judgment, that we can arrive at results in a year or two, which in earlier years could only be attained through the labor, careful observation, and experience of a tolerably long life. The members of our Association can hardly expect any thing very new from me on this subject. For more than thirty years, through the pages of the Magazine of Horti- culture, not only the accumulated knowledge of all our best pomologists was disseminated, but the results of my own experience ou pear culture, and those who have the desire, will there find in detail all that I can now say only in a very general way. I think we have yet a great deal to learn, at least I find that to me every year brings an additional amount of valuable information. And this leads me to consider briefly, the one subject which has led to the division of your catalogues into the various localities, and to inquire how far in this direction we should go. Can we have a better demonstration of the variation of fruits, than the great collection placed upon our tables for exhibition V Examine them and ob- serve how great the difference, even within the locality of a few miles ; say from Cambridge and Dorchester, or Rox- bury and Revere; one smooth, fair and beautiful, the other uneven, rough and homely ; one bright and rosy, the other green and black ; with these samples in so lim- ited a locality, I have even doubted sometimes the neces- sity of making the distinctions you have established in your extensive catalogue. Yet how many more we should have to make, if the slight remove should be so great as we know now to exist. When we have overcome this variation, we may then begin to think that the subject of pear culture shows signs of exhaustion — not before. It would occupy too much of the valuable time of our So- ciety, and perhaps not lead to any grand results, to give you in detail my views as to the causes of variation. How far the theory is true, that a fruit is only really valuable in the vicinity of its origin, we are at present not able to decide. That some plants and shrubs, as well as fruits, are fastidious in their requirements, any cultivator of ex- perience well knows. Nature everywhere guides us to a certain extent ; we do not attempt to rear the cranberry on a pine plain, neither do we often endeavor to grow the peach tree in a swampy ground. The pear, the apple, the grape, and other fruits, are probably no less seusible ESSAY IiY G. W. CAMPBELL. 127 to the bad effects of position than those fruits, and when we plant in soils or localities not naturally favorable to their growth, failure to a certain extent will surely be the result. Years of labor and careful observation will sooner or later solve the problem, but as one lifetime has so far failed in most instances to do so, we must not expect too much in the future. We but just begin to come to a full knowledge of the subject when death relieves us from fur- ther experiment, and, unfortunately, that knowledge which has been treasured up, and would be of so much value, is forever lost, and our successors begin again, and go over the same ground, and end at the same spot. Such, at least, has been the course of pomological study until very recently. The organization of Horticultural Societies, and the aid of reliable Horticultural Journals, has done much to preserve the accumulated information, and it should be the duty, as it is the object undoubtedly, of the American Pomological Society, in the publication of its pro- ceedings, to supply the want which has so long been felt. The extent of territory now devoted to fruit culture is immense, as compared with that at the time of the organ- ization of our Association. If we have kept our knowl- edge up to this standard of increase, we have accomplished a good work; if we have exceeded it, so much the greater is our claim upon the labors of every intelligent pomol- ogist to extend and perfect a science which adds so much to our enjoyment and health. Essay on Grapes. By G. W. Campbell, Delaware, Ohio. Grape-growing, in most parts of our country, is at present in a state of extreme depression and neglect ; and the time is probably not distant, if it does not al- ready exist, when there will be a scarcity of grapes in the land. The causes which have led to this state of affairs, are not difficult to determine ; and may be regarded as only a natural result of the undue and unreasonable exalta- tion of this important interest a few years ago. What has been, not inaptly, termed the " grape-fever " pre- vailed most extensively ; and among nearly all classes of landholders the high road to fortune was thought to lead directly through the vineyard. Consequently, large areas were planted with grape-vines — in many cases, in soils and situations wholly unsuited to their culture ; in others, with varieties not adapted to their several locali- ties ; and in others still, where, although the natural con- ditions may have been favorable, the requisite knowledge and skill were wanting to insure success. Advantage was also taken of the popular enthusiasm by interested parties, to recommend and extol new and untried varieties as suited to universal culture, which proved to be either valueless, or extremely limited in their adaptation. The consequences of this indiscrimi- nate and inconsiderate course were inevitable. Failure, and consequent disgust cooled the ardor, and extin- guished the brilliant anticipations of thousands, who learned, by sad experience, that intelligent and skillful industry were as necessary to success in grape-growing, as in other pursuits. It is perhaps unnecessary to pursue this branch of the subject further ; but I wish -here to express the confident belief that, notwithstanding past discouragements, and present depression, there is a future for grape-growing in America as grand as was ever dreamed of by the most excited enthusiast, when success shall be as distinguished as our failures have been ignominious — and when every man may not only sit under the shadow of his own vine, but may rejoice in the enjoyment of its refreshing fruit and generous juice, which we are assured were given to make his heart glad. I believe this, because I believe in the unlimited capa- bilities of my country, and in the indomitable and irre- pressible energies of the American people. With every variety of soil and climate, her mountains and hill-sides, her rich valleys, her fertile and almost boundless prai- ries, the genial banks of her lakes and rivers, all that is wanting is the judicious selection of varieties suited to the various localities, followed by intelligent and persist- ent industry, to make America the vineyard of the world ! And if we have not now the proper varieties for every clime where the vine will flourish, between the sunny South and the frozen North, we will produce them. Then will the labors of Rogers, Arnold, Underhill, Rick- etts, Wylie, and others, both North and South, in the production of new varieties by hybridizing, be recognized and appreciated by every cultivator and lover of deli- cious grapes. It is doubtless idle to expect that any one variety of re- markable excellence will ever be found, which will be suited to all localities in our wide-spread and varied country. Perhaps the nearest approach to this, yet dis- covered, exists in that hardy child of Massachusetts, the Concord. From her descendants, produced by a judi- cious crossing with the finer foreign varieties, we may confidently expect the most valuable and important re- sults. Next, although inferior in quality, may be named the scarcely less rugged Hartford Prolific, from Connec- ticut. In the same class may be found the Ives, from Ohio ; Martha and Telegraph, from Pennsylvania ; and Belvidere, from Illinois. In the way of improvement in this class of hardy natives, I will mention a new variety from Zanesville, named Lady, specimens of which are, for the first time, on the tables of the Society. It is a pure Concord seedling ; and in habit of growth and foli- age, scarcely distinguishable from its parent. From three years' observation, I should say is its equal in vigor, health and hardiness. Color light green — would be called white — bunch rather less than Concord ; size of berries fully equal In quality rich and delicate, without hard pulp, and scarcely a trace of foxiness. Ripens very early — ten days or more before Concord. It is appar- ently a most promising, perfectly hardy and healthy white grape ; aud I think it will hereafter hold a promi- nent position among the most popular, hardy native grapes. 128 ESSAY BY G. W. CAMPBELL. With a passing notice of the favorite little Delaware, I will leave the discussion of particular varieties : The dis- covery and introduction of this grape marked an era in American grape-culture ; and it has perhaps done more to educate and elevate the public taste, as to the quality and excellence attainable in our native grapes, than any other circumstance. And to its influence may be attrib- uted, in a large degree, the mania for grape-culture, which pervaded the country a few years since. And al- though it must be confessed that the Delaware has dis- appointed many of its admirers, by reason of apparent caprice and coquettishness, others who have studied its wants and requirements, and learned that it will endure neither estrangement nor neglect, find it still all that can be desired — always charming, fruitful and reliable. The greatest fault of the Delaware, and indeed almost its only one, is a delicacy or tenderness of foliage which renders it unable to resist the attacks of oidium, or mildew of the foliage, in seasons and localities where that malady pre- vails. The attention of hybridizers and grape-growers has been for years directed to the production of varieties having the excellencies of the Delaware combined with stronger foliage, capable of resisting the attacks of dis- ease. That complete success in this direction will be ultimately reached, if indeed it has not already been at- tained, I have no reasonable doubt. And an experience of near twenty years, in experimenting upon the capa- bilities and possibilities of improvement of the American grape, by hybridizing, forms the ground of this confidence. The one point which I consider as important, above all others, in this pursuit, is the fact, which I regard as fully established, that a hybrid or cross between a hardy na- tive and a tender exotic grape may have the hardiness of constitution and vigorous, healthy foliage of the native, while the fruit may possess the delicacy and excellence of the foreign parent. I have seen grapes of this char- acter, both from Mr. Ricketts, of Newburgh, and Mr. Underbill, of Croton Point ; and I have myself grown hybridized seedlings from Concord, and other hardy na- tive grapes, which retain all the vigor of growth, and Tery nearly the hardiness and health of foliage of the Concord, and produced grapes very difficult to distinguish from Golden Chasselas, Muscat Hamburgh, and Chasselas Musque, either in appearance or flavor; and all raised in open garden, wholly unprotected, and with only ordinary care. If these facts do not point to a glorious future for American grape-growing, 1 confess myself unable to com- prehend their significance. A few remarks upon hybridizing may be of interest. Hundreds of vines are doubtless grown which are sup- posed to be hybrids, but which are only simple seedlings. To be certain of success in this pursuit, great care and very delicate manipulation are necessary. The bud must be opened prematurely, and all the anthers removed from the grape blossoms before the pollen-cells have burst. The incipient cluster, thus prepared, should be enveloped in an oil-silk covering, to prevent the embryo grape from being impregnated, either by the agency of insects, or by pollen floating in the air. Pollen, from whatever variety it is desired to impregnate the parent grape, should then be carefully applied to the prepared bunch, and the silken envelope retained until the growing berries indicate that the process is complete. Seeds saved from these grapes will produce plants, some of which will resemble the for- eign, and some the native parent. Those only, whose habit of growth and foliage resemble the native parent, should be saved — as my experience has shown that the more nearly these seedlings follow the foreign kinds in foliage, the more they are subject to mildew and rot; and are consequently of little value for general use. Many of the hybrid seedlings will be found with thick, strong foliage, in texture and character like our natives, and it is among these we must look for grapes of the greatest value, hardy, healthy and bearing fruit of improved qual- ity. In this connection, I wish to make public a discovery, which I believe to be entirely new, and which I think will be of great value to all experimenters in growing hybrid and seedling grapes. It is a method by which the future character of the fruit of a grape-seedling can be deter- mined in the first year of its growth — years before it can be brought into bearing. To illustrate this : I had three vines selected from a lot of seedlings grown from Dela- ware, crossed with Grizzly Frontignan. Three years be- fore they came into bearing, I announced that No. 1 would bear a black grape, having the Frontignan or Muscat fla- vor; that No. 2 would bear a red or white grape, without the Muscat flavor; and that No. 3 would also bear a red, or white grape, with the Muscat flavor. This prognosti- cation was the more remarkable, because I had never, up to that time, raised a grape seedling having this peculiar flavor, found only among foreign varieties and their hy- brids. "When these grapes came into bearing, my predic- tions were found entirely correct. Nos. 1 and 3 had the Muscat flavor; No. 2 was flavored like the Delaware, with no trace of the Muscat; No. 1 was black; Nos. 2 and 3 red. A year or two later, of seven seedlings from Con- cord, crossed with Chasselas Musque, I selected two as promising to have the Muscat flavor, and five without. Six of the seven have now borne, and the two selected have the flavor of the Muscat as distinctly as the Muscat Hamburgh and Chasselas Musque, which they severally resemble, while the other four are as free from it as Chas- selas Fontainebleau. One more incident will probably give as full an idea as may be necessary of the extent and capabilities of this discovery. A chance seedling, selected by my gardener for its fine habit of growth, handsome wood and healthy foliage, had all the appearance, espec- ially in its prominent buds and elegantly lobed leaves, of a most promising hybrid. The wood, the form of the buds and foliage, very strongly resembled the foreign va- rieties. The application of my test, however, indicated that the fruit would be of the character pf our wild for- est grapes. I need hardly say I waited its bearing with some anxiety — for every appearance of the vine was ad- verse to my prediction. But, as in every other case, the correctness of my discovery was triumphantly established. It bore a very small, black grape, nearly all skins and seeds, and of a sour and acrid character, wholly uneatable. ESSAY BY DR. J. STRENTZEL. 129 Repeated and unvarying tests of a similar character have so far convinced me of its entire correctness, I do not hesitate to announce that in the taste, or flavor of the green tendrils of the vine may be found a true index of the character of its fruit. Although this is something that cannot be exactly defined, or accurately described, it may be acquired by any one with a nice, discriminating taste. Go into a greenhouse where foreign grapes are growing, and taste the tendrils of the Muscat flavored varieties, and of the Black Hamburgh and Chasselas, and you will soon learn to distinguish the difference, which is as distinct as the flavor of the grapes themselves. Again, taste and compare the flavor of the tendrils of Concord and Hartford Prolific with those of Delaware, Allen's Hybrid and Iona. You will find, in each, distinctive dif- ferences suggestive of the character of the grapes. Then test and compare the native wild grapes, the Fox and Frost grapes of the woods, with the tendrils of our cul- tivated varieties, and you will soon learn easily to dis- tinguish the wild from the cultivated. The limits of this paper will not permit me to enlarge upon the subject of vine-culture. I will, however, ven- ture to express my disapproval of cramped space and close pruning of the vine, especially during its summer growth. The American vine and the American people are not unlike iu this respect. They require room to 6pread themselves, and do not thrive under restraint. Give the vine plenty of ground-room, that its roots may have ample space in which to obtain the sustenance re- quisite to the production and maturity of its burden of fruit, and it will require a corresponding space above ground upon stakes or trellis for the accommodation of its luxurious growth and abundant fruit and foliage. A certain natural equilibrium exists between the roots and upper-growth of the vine, which cannot be disturbed to any considerable extent, especially during the growing season, without serious injury. To illustrate this: I have planted a young and healthy vine, with smooth and perfect roots, in early spring. When it had made a growth of two or three feet, I have cut it back to a single bud and leaf at its base. After this, the plant remains apparently dormant for ten days or longer, when the bud slowly swells and breaks ; and if it is a hardy and vigor- ous variety, is soon making a new growth, but with less than its former strength. When it has again attained a sim- ilar growth, I have again shortened it to one bud and leaf above the former cut. A longer period of rest now ensues, followed usually by a weak and spindling growth of a few inches, with scarce vigor to ripen a bud or two at its base before the autumn frosts have destroyed its foliage. Now, if we take up this vine, we shall find that all the new roots, which had formed previous to the successive cuttings of the top, are dead and rotten. Only the old rods, which the vine had when planted, remain, and these rough, knobby and diseased — the vine in no respect as good as when it was planted in the spring. The vine will bear, without apparent injury, any reasonable amount of pruning during its dormant state, in fall or early spring; but I think the above experiment proves that any severe cutting during summer is an unmitigated evil. All 17 the summer pruning I would recommend, would be the early rubbing out of superfluous shoots, upon their first appearance ; leaving only what is required for next year's bearing wood. This, with the pinching or stopping the ends of such shoots or canes as were disposed to be too rampant in growth, would be all I would ever consider necessary. Some of the most successful grape- growers within my knowledge, carefully prune their vines in fall or early spring, and then leave them entirely without summer pruning. Much more might be said upon this and kindred subjects, but I fear I have already exceeded the limits proper for a paper on an occasion like the pres- ent. Essay on the Cultivation of the Fig in the United States. By Dr. J. Strextzel, Alhambra, near Martinez, California. "And they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons." "And when he saw a fig tree in the way, he came to it and found nothing thereon, but leaves only, and said unto it, Let no fruit grow on thee henceforward forever." The tree of the garden of Eden, producing one of the most luscious of fruits, should be more largely cultivated in our country, for it thrives with little protection through the Middle States, and luxuriates in the climate of our Southern and South-western States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. No fruit tree is easier propagated, longer lived, or more thrifty under ordinary care, and none a more prolific and abundant bearer; hence the curse upon one found barren. It is a type of the Temperate Zone and its advanced civilization — of peace, of security and contentment — hence the greatest happiness is typified by sitting under the shadow of our own fig tree. It thrives best in a rich mellow soil, well drained if necessary, but kept moist by irrigation if the rain-fall is deficient during the growth of the fruit, and thus, inju- diciously selected and sunny locations, will perfect its fruit; also, through the extent of our Eastern States, although it will require shelter during the winter months. It is propagated from cuttings of the previous year's growth, or from sprouts from stool-plants, or around the butt of a tree; these are partially rooted already, and will make a fine growth during the first season, and be- gin to bear the year following. To avoid the extension of naked, unproductive branches, the tree will require at once considerable shortening in of the shoots, to produce close-jointed wood with abundance of leafy spurs. This very facility of the propagation appears to be a barrier to its further improvement, and the production of new and choice varieties from seed, but the hope in progres- sion iu this interesting scieuce is full of vitality, and con- sidering the great difference in the quality of the fruit, and even in the growth of trees of the same variety, when raised under a Southern sun and favorable condi- tions, we are justified in anticipating the production of superior seedlings. The fruit forms in the axillae of the leaves; the first 130 ESSAY BY JOSIAH HOOPES. crop ripening during the months of June and July is on the previous year's growth, the so-called second crop is developed with the new growth of wood during the sea- son, and is checked only by want of moisture in the soil, or the autumnal frosts. The fruit buds requiring from eight to twelve weeks to ripen, furnishes a criterion, ac- cording to the climatic peculiarities of the different sec- tions of the country, when this late fruit, subject to be winter killed, should be removed to produce in its place a more abundant and early ripening crop the next season. The ancient practice of applying a drop of olive oil to the eye of the fruit, I consider more serviceable iu repelling insects from entering by the eye, than to the ripening of the fruit, or to its growth. It is superfluous to enumerate the long list of varieties cultivated here and in Europe, as they vary in quality with the location, but it can be accepted as a rule, that the smaller varieties of the fig are more hardy, and suc- ceed better in the Middle and the Eastern States, and can be easier preserved for winter use. For drying, it improves the quality of the dried fruit to have it, when nearly dry, dipped in weak lye, then quickly dried— flat- tened and packed in boxes or tight sacks, thus furnishing one of the most nutritious and wholesome articles of diet, which even an Alexander regretted having been once un- acquainted with. Essay on the Influence of the Stock on the Scion, and Vice Versa. By Josiah Hoopks, Pennsylvania. Both theory and practice teach us that the relationship existing between the root and the top of a tree, cannot be impaired, to any great extent, by any artificial inter- vention of man. The very moment that an inserted bud or graft commences to granulate and then unite, that moment the two parts of the embryo tree struggle, as it were, for the mastery. That is. certain idiosyncrasies in- herent either in the branches of the one, or the roots of the other, will form a leading feature in the mature plant. Abundant proof of this is afforded by examining the roots of nursery-grown apple trees ; whether budded or grafted. Take, for instance, some well-known variety as the Belle- fleur, and the roots will be found uniformly long, slender, and very fibrous ; other kinds will prove exactly the op- posite. If we place a graft of some well-marked variety upon any ordinary stock, say five or six feet high, in a few years, certain peculiarities of the bark will be found extending down from the branches to the body of the tree ; as is instanced in the Newtown Pippin apple, and Van Mons Leon le Clerc pear. Another curious feature respecting the influence of the scion upon the stock, is noticeable in some of the so called " sports," or varie- gated-leaved plants. During the past season, a mountain ash, upon which was budded a variety with variegated leaves, commenced to push forth young shoots from the main body of the tree, below the point where the bud was inserted. In every case these had variegated leaves. Now in view of the fact that these adventitious buds were there in advance of the original variegated bud, the presumption is, that they were created green, and their normal condition yielding to the controlling influence of the new branches, caused the change to occur by the flow of sap from above. A still more remarkable case than the one above cited, was related some time since by a correspondent of the London Garden. He states that he procured scions of a diseased Horse Chestnut with yellow leaves, and worked them upon strong, healthy, young trees. Some time thereafter, upon examining the stocks where the scions had failed, young shoots were found down the body bear- ing the identical yellow-hued foliage; and yet, where the buds originally inserted had " taken," they produced per- fectly healthy, green leaves. This disease, for I hold that all variegation is in some manner unhealthy, had evidently been communicated from the bud or scion to the stock before the death of the former, and for a short time, during its vain struggle for existence, contaminated the parts below. The Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society of England, also records a like case with a yel- low-leaved Laburnum. After the inserted bud had died, variegated shoots were noticed issuing from the stock, both below and above the inserted point. And Dr. Mas- ters, the English botanist, has stated that an Abutilon had thrown out variegated shoots after grafting with a variegated variety, but ceased to do so after the inserted graft died. But, in some instances, the stock exerts a marked in- fluence upon the scion, thus showing the co-operative system in use between them. The Gardeners' Chronicle mentions an instance of a couple of Muscat vines, worked on the Black Hamburgh, in the same house with a Muscat on its own roots. Those worked on the Hamburgh, start fully five or six days in advance of the one on its own roots, although they are nearly a fortnight behind the Hamburghs they are worked on. It is a curious fact that there has never been seen any difference in the ripening season, nor any effect on the fruit. As we stated in the commencement, certain marked peculiarities will, sooner or later, always make themselves known ; sometimes it will be one thing, and again an- other and a totally different feature assumes the superi- ority. The governing cause, involved in mystery as it is, to a certain extent, affords us a clue by means of which we may study a very useful lesson in plant life. We know that all vegetable growth arises from a cell, and what is termed young shoots, leaves, blossoms, etc., are in fact but an accumulation of cells, which in time develop woody fiber, and other organs. The propagator of new varieties, knows that a single bud, or a section of a young branch may be inserted in a different tree, and these will unite, and produce fruits and flowers sim- ilar to the kind from which said bud or graft was taken. Now let us inquire into the changes that occur during this growing process, or as horticulturists term it, — " tak- ing." Between the wood and bark is where active growth takes place, and the layer of young cells found ESSAY BY .IOSIAH HOOPES. 131 here is known as the Cambium layer. All growth, of whatever nature, is by cells, the origin of which is how- ever at present unknown. But this cell-growth is accom- plished by small protuberances making their appearance on the walls of the older cells, and these rapidly increase, and again in turn assist in the formation of others ; and this is carried on, so long as growth takes place. With- out going into a long dissertation upon the subject of cell-growth, which would form a long essay in itself, I will merely state, that the question has been asked, in relation to a budded tree, Can the cells at the point of union, be partly of one variety and a part belong to an- other? My theory is, that a cell, singly, is entirely a com- ponent part of the variety from which it originates, either from the scion or stock, and is invested with all the pow- ers and principles inherent in that part. A single cell cannot be of two varieties, but a collection of cells, as for instance the cellular tissue, may be formed partly of both. The vascular or fibrous tissue is governed by the same laws, each separate, but the little bundles of woody tissue, uniting by their outside covering or walls, thus forms a compact mass of wood, and the bud or graft has taken, which ultimately forms the future tree. A bud is, in fact, an embryo tree. It contains within its protective covering, all the elements of tree growth, with all the organs of vegetation and reproduction intact. Therefore when a bud is inserted beneath the bark of another plant, the cellular growth at once takes place on both sides ; these unite by their outside walls, and the so- called sap commences to circulate in the inter-cellular passages from one to the other. It is therefore no won- der that certain peculiarities, embraced in the root, may be found developing in the scion or top, and vice versa. That the scion is enabled to reproduce its kind, is due to the fact that its young growth is merely an increase of cells already formed, and the variations alluded to at the commencement of this paper, are the result of constant currents of sap flowing between the two remote portions of the tree, and at the same time imbuing the one with cer- tain marked characters, contained previously in the other. Thus, in a somewhat hurried, and I fear very imperfect manner, I have alluded to the influence of the stock upon the scion, and vice versa. This interesting subject is by no means all theory, as many suppose, but is the result, for the most part, of close examination by means of the powerful lens. Future investigation will, undoubtedly, reveal many novel fea- tures, which we now know not of, and to accQmplish this fully, the patient student of horticulture is asked to join the botanist in the pleasant task. But there is another and more popular aspect to this subject — the relative advantages of certain stocks for particular species of plants. Under this heading we may take, for example, the plum worked on the peach. Preju- dice and distrust on the part of many cultivators have done this operation great injustice. To the owner of a heavy soil where the plum root thrives luxuriantly, peaches should be planted with caution, but on the other hand, in the great peach districts, with a light mellow soil, the peach root will succeed far better than the plum! Peaches always make a large number of strong, fibrous roots, and return to the top a vast amount of nutrition. The junction in certain varieties of plum on peach roots is perfect, and the tree is longlived and healthy. The testimony of some of our most noted pomologists go to show that the practice is correct, and a careful ex- amination plainly indicates that the theory is faultless as well. The subject of dwarfing fruit trees is not properly un- derstood. The pear worked on quince roots certainly dwarfs the tree to a certain extent for a few years, but is the process caused by some inherent property contained in the quince? We think not. Once allow the pear to throw out a few roots above the point of junction, and the tree becomes a standard. The abundance of sap, or nourishment gathered up by the roots and forwarded to the top, causes in most cases a larger and finer growth of fruit, thus showing that the quince is adapted to these kinds; but take an uncongenial variety, and mark the result. The fruit is often in such cases worth- less. Years ago we were told that budding cherries on the Mahaleb stock would cause the trees to become dwarf. Little did these propagators know that when they an- nually pruned their trees, this was what dwarfed them, and not the root. The junction in this case is always perfect, and it is a well-known scientific fact, that excessive pruning causes debility in a plant, and that when vitality is checked the tree becomes dwarfed as a matter of course. Excessive growth and productiveness, seem to be generally antago- nistic. A dwarf tree, after the first vigorous growth is over, will, if healthy, produce good crops and mature a reasonable amount of new wood. Some certain varieties of pears, as for instance the Bartlett, never unite prop- erly on the quince stock, — the cellular tissue of each never seems to make a perfect union. Very many trees that we have examined under a strong lens reveal a marked line between the cell-growth of the two, and not, as is the case with other kinds, a lengthening of both cell-growths, one up, and the other down, so that it is very difficult to determine where the exact point of inser- tion really is. There are causes, over which we have no control, that debar us from dwarfing some varieties, but science has not yet solved the mystery. Catalogue of Fruits. lA PLAN OF THE CATALOGUE. The arrangement of the names of varieties in the Catalogue is alphabetical and according to the no- menclature adopted by the Society. Synonyms are given in a few instances where it seemed necessary, and these are placed under the adopted names in italics. The columns are arranged thus : In the first, the names of varieties, in the next seven columns tin- description, and in the remaining columns the States or Districts. The State or District columns are not placed in alphabetical order, as in the octavo editions, but are grouped in Divisions somewhat similar in climate, and other characters affecting fruit culture. Thus : 1. — Northern Division — between 42° and 49°. 2. — Central Division — between 35° and 42°. 3. — Southern Division — between 28° and 35°. The State or District in which a fruit is recommended for cultivation is designated by a star (*), and if the variety is of great superiority and value, two stars (**), if new or recently introduced and promising, by a dagger (t). It was found that the columns were too close, in the last edition, for convenient reference, and therefore in this, the entire width of the right hand page has been given up to them, and the rejnarks are placed at the bottom. APPLES. Explanation of Abbreviations. — The Size is understood by 1. for large; m. for medium, and s. for small. The Form — r. c. for roundish conical; ob. for oblong; r. ob. for roundish oblate; fi. for flat or oblate; r. for roundish. The Color— y. r. for yellow and red; r. s. for red striped; g. y. for greenish yellow; rus. for russetted ; y. rus. for yellow and russet. The Qualitt — g. for good ; v. g. for very good ; b. for best. The Use — F. fruit valuable for all family purposes ; K. M. valuable for kitchen or market purposes; F. M. family and market. The Season — S. for summer; E. A. for early autumn; L. A. for late autumn, and W. for winter. All these characters of course only designate leading positive features, and vary in their dis- tinctness according to soil and climate in which they are grown. The Origin is shown by Rus. for Russian; En. for English ; Am. for American ; Ger. for German ; F. for foreign. VI CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — APPLES. NAMES. DESCRIPTION. I.— Northern Division— Between 42° K m a £ a ■7. S OS o to « O 0 o # * # ** * * * * * * * * s m *— w -— o * * * * * * * 3 u = c * * * Si- it t * * t i * * - o >l # * * ** * * * * 1 t * * * * * * ■»:■ * * : :* 6 r. 0 c * * * * * * # * * •* c IS ~i a s * * -* ■t * * * t * » * * * * '53 o 1 W. E. A. S. E. A. L. A. L. A. W. W. W. A L. A. W. Rus. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. En. Am. 2 3 Crulchfield Greening. Alexander 1. m. m. m. 1. 1. 1. m. 1. 1. 1. r. c. ob. r. c. r.ob r. c. r.ob. r. c. r. c. r.ob. r. c. r. c. r. s. y. r. g-y- g-y- r. s. y-r- r- g- r.y. y- r. s. y-r. g- b. v. g. V. g. v.g. v. g. V. g. v-g- g- g- b. K.M. F. F. F. F. M. K. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. K. M. F. M. * 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Autumn Bough Autumnal Swaar Bailey Sweet Baker Baldwin Baltimore Cable's Gilliflower. Baltzley Beauty of Kent Belmont * 14 15 16 17 18 19 Ben. Davis New York Pippin. Benoni Bentley's Sweet Bethlehemite Bevan's Favorite 1. m. m. 1. m. m. s. 1. 1. 1. m. m. m. 1. r. c. r.ob. r.ob. r.ob. fl. c. fl. r.ob. r. c. r.ob. r.ob. r. c. r. r. c. r.ob. y.r. y-r. g-y- y-r- y.r. d.r. r. r. g-y- y-r. y-r- y-r. g-y- g-y- g- v-g- v-g. b. g- g- g- g- g- v-g- g- g- v- g- V. g. KM F. M. F. M. F. M. F. F. M. M. M. M. M. M. F. M. F. M. W. S. w. w. s. w. w. w. L. A. L. A. L. A. L. A. L. A. W. S. E.W. W. S. \v. w. w. w. w. w. s. s. E. A. s. w. E. A. W. W. A. W. w. L A L. A W. L. A. W. E. \V. A. W. s. w. s. Am. Am Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. * » * 20 •>1 Jersey Black. Black Oxford 22 23 94 Bohannan Bonum Am. Am. Ger. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. *>fi 26 27 Broadwell Brooke's Pippin 29 30 31 Buckingham Fall Queen of Kentucky , Bachelor, Equinetely. Buff 1. 1. m. s. m. m. in. 1. m. m. in. 1. m. m. m m. 1. m. m. in. 1. in. 1. in. 1. m. 1. m. m. 1. m. ra. r.ob. rob. fl. r. c. fl.c r.ob. r.ob. r. c. r. c. r. c. fl.c. rob. r. fl. ob.c. r.ob. r.ob. r. c. r. rob. r.ob. ob. r.ob. r. c. r. c. r.ob. r. c. r. c. r.ob. r.ob. r ob. r.ob y-r. y.r. y- y. rus y-r. y- g-r. g-y- r. s. r. s. g-y-r- g-r. y- y- g-r. y- g-y- y-r- y- y-r. g-y- y.r. y- y-s. y. r. g-y- d. r. g- g-r. y- r. s. y-r. v-g- g- g- b. v. g- g- g- v-g- v. g- v-g- g- v-g- g- g- v-g- v- g- g- g- g- b. v g- g- g- g- g- v-g- g- g- v-g- v-g- g- g- F. M. F. F. F. M. F. M. M.K. F. M. F. F. M. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. M. M. M. M. F. M. F. M. "k. M. K. F. M K.M. F. M. F. M. F. M. M. 3-7 33 34 American Gulden Russet. Burlington Pippin 35 36 37 38 39 Cannon Pearmain Carolina Red June Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Ger. Ger. Rus. * * t 40 41 Carter's Blue 4"> 43 44 45 46 Chenango Strawberry Sherwood's Favorite. Clark's Pearmain Cooper 47 48 * * 49 50 Walbridge, Mahaska. Cole's Quince 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 68 59 Cracking Cullasaga Curtis Sweet Danvers' Winter Sweet Detroit Red Disharoon Dominie Drap d'Or Dutch Mignonne * 60 * 2 Moderate bearer; showy. 3 Sk'iiiler grower; but healthy. 5 A fine tabic m>rt; not Bbowy. 6 Showy and fine. S Unprofitable South and South-weal. 9 A hardy tree; very productive. II A coarse, ehowy fruit. 1:2 Fine for table; too tender for ehipping. H Valuable shipping nort. 10 Fine Winter variety. 17 Resembles Newtown Spitzenburg 20 Mostly crown in Maine. 21 Liable CO drop, nt the West. 23 \'aliud South. CATALOIUK OP FRUITS— APPLES. Vll and 49° II.— Central DlYlSlon— Between 36 and 12° III.— Soulh. Ulv.— b.28°. M a a S o to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 ■37 38 39 4(1 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 is 49 50 51 52 53 5) 55 56 57 5S 69 60 - c 'a a = i * * 03 _<: oi eg p 1 a 0 is o □ o M B 2 03 q 3 n U - * « >. 09 = - ■:•' * S #* * t * * Si Si- s' : * Hi u o i-s S 0J Z * * * * * * Si 6 _z v a s * •* * '_' Q — B OS m * * * * * Si #* Si * # * .2 P -1 * Si * * * * * * ■:-.; * * * * B "c !- 03 o 0 d ; • ■: ■ # * * ** Si * * * # Si * * Si ■Si * r-i Si * * * . B - a i— i * * ** SiSi S' * * * * ** * Si * * * Si * .3 0 > (A u 9 B * ** ■J O) a o z : O tx 33 < a 0) o m < a t/3 g a a O F. Am. Ger. Am. Am. A m Am Am. Am. Am. Am Am Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. F. Am. Am. A m . Ger. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. En. Am. Am. Am. Am. Ger. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. F. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. F. Am Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. 2 *E a f- > - 4 = 1 - pq > ■■ CO « 6 s — OS - * * * * * * = c = * * ... * * * * * ** * * ■■:- / X * * * * * * * * * t 1- * * P rt •— . - * * * * Ml * * * 3 ■_ CJ 01 - c O ** -is ** * * ■:?- * * * t * * * 3J |Zi ■s * * ** * * • * t * :i=. * * * • * t * * » d '-- f * * * * » * * » * # * - at --I CJ i * * Si * * * t * < * * * 'tit a o o 61 62 63 Dyer or Pomme Royal m. r. g. y. v.g. m. r ob. g. y. v. g. F. F. M. F. M F. M. F. E. A. S. s. s. s. s. s. w. w. A. w. w. w. w. L. A. E. A. L. A L. A. A. L. A. W. S. t 64 65 66 67 Early Pennock s. 1. s. fl. r. c r. y. r. y.r r. s. b. g- v-g- - 68 m English Russet Poughkeepsie Rtmsi t. m. 1 r. c nil v. rus y.r. v-g- b. F. M. F. M. * 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 Ewalt Fallawater Fornwalder, 'J'nlp< hocken. m. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1, fl. r. ob.c. r. c. 1- nil fl. r. y.'r y. r. g-y- g y- g-y- y-r- g-y- y-r- r-y- r. s. y-r v-g g- v-g- g- g- g- 4 g- b. v-g- v-g F M M F M, M. M. M. K. M F M F. M. F. F. M. M. 77 1. r. * * * 78 79 80 81 82 83 Fall Pippin Holland Pippin, erroneously. Fall Queen, or Haas Fall Wine Fame-use Pomme de Neige, Snow Apple. 1. m. m. in. m. r.ob. ob.c. r.ob. r.ob. fl. c. 84 85 86 87 Fourth of July in 11. fl. r.ob, o y. y. r. r. s. g- g- g- M. M. A. L. A. S. w. A. W. L A S. A. w. w. w. s. t 88 m. m. m. r.ob, fl. r.ob. r nil r c. r. c. r.ob. rob. r. y-r g y- r. y. y-r y- y.r. y. rus y. rus g-y- g- g- g- b. g g- v g v. g. v.g. F. M. 11. F. K. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. 89 Fulton 90 91 Gabriel t * 92 93 91 95 90 97 Garretson's Early Gilpin Carthouse, Little liomanite. Golden Russet, of Western New York Golden Russet, of Massachusetts in s. in. m 1 98 99 1. I r ob. r ob. fl. r.ob rob. fl. fl. fl. r.ob. rob. r. r. c. r. y- r- y. r. g-y- g-y- g- y- g-y- y. r. g y. g-y- r. s. y.r. y. r. g- y- g- v.g. v.g- g- V. g- v-g- V- g- v-g- g- g- g- v-g- v-g- F. M. F. M F. M. KM F. F. F. F. K. M. M. Cider F. F. M. w. L. A. W. W. W. W. w. E. A. E. A. W. L. A. L. A. s. W. w. L. A. W. W. S. W. W. L A. W. 100 m. m. m. 101 102 103 Carolina Greening. Green Sweet Grimes' Golilen Pippin Gully 104 105 Hall s. 111. m 106 107 108 109 110 Hartford Sweet Hewea' Virginia Crab Highby Sweet 1. s. m. s. 111 11? [locket's Sweet m. 1. m. m. 1. 1. m. in. r.ob. r rob. r r. r. c. r.ob. rob y. r. g-y- y r. y.r. 3-r- y.r. y. rus y. r. y.r. g- g- g- v-g- g- v. g. v-g- g- g- K. K M K. F. M. KM F M. F. M. F. ,\l 113 114 Holly lift 116 Black Coal. 117 118 119 lflO Haas. Hubardston Nonsuch ." Hunt's Russet Hurlbut Jefferson County * 6] Valued f. •- •~ a> * Ml # .* 6 re re * * * 'J ft •8 -r c --. ce ** * * * * * * ** * # * re c =i > * * * * ** * * • * * * * * * * * G ~2 _C a y, # ** 5 • * * * * * * * * #* * * ** * * ** * * * * ;• ■: z. .2 * * * # # * * * * * * t V * t * * * '5 > .1 >> M D B 0. * * * * * co a* d> B c H IM ** ** t ■»'■•:■ B • * * * * * * * * t * * t * * * t C * * * * ** * * * * * * * * # * * s o ' i * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * j: en re * t * * t t * t f t T * * * 'A B re * * * ** ■••:- S( * * -s--s * * * * * * 6 re - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 6 * re eg * "re O * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * cj - re o = 0 XI • ■■•■ 3* 3 * * *» * * 3: # * re =t cu CD ** • i * # * * * * * # #* re E re ~re < * * - b X u r- c - c — (A - « '& a * * * * # * * * * « C re i 5 c * * * # * re H 6 u - a! a 0 N 'u < 01 Of ii delicious penr flavor. UJ Valued for stock feeding. VJ Kipcu& curly mi'' U ■■'.■)'■■ late. 3a 100 One of the best South. lni; Otic of the most pr..ti tabic of market sorla. 10s) VulucU only lor eider. 100 A delicious dessert apple. IIS A hardy tree and fine fruit. CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — APPLES. NAMES. DESCRIPTION. I.— Northern Division— between 42° w a S P S3 a Si o «' o j 0 o H 5 •< u a 00 i, o 00 < a 5 5 o 3 : •~ /. Sl > o y. * i 00 > - 3 * a> - en B cs = * * * c - > • * * - t Si * f -■ ••:■ 00 a Tj cs m 00 r. s * # * * * « — = rz i * S-* * * * * r o a* z. o O * ■ * * ** * * t-. z -- # • * -i. % * *• * * * c rt f * « * * C C3 U ~Z ■ * * • • * * 6 "So - q i 121 122 Jefferis III m. in. m. in in 1. in. r. r. ob. r. r. ob. r. c. fl.c. r. ob. r. c. r. c. r. c. y. r. y r. r. y.r. w. r. g- y.r g.y.d.r g-y- vg- v-g- g- g- g- V- g- g- g- g- F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. K. F. M. M. K M E. A. E A W. W. S. vv. A. E. A. YV. W. E. A E. A. W. W. S. L. A. W. W. VV. E. A. E. A. E. A VV. E. A. Am. Am. Am Am. Am. Am Am. En. Am. Am. F. Am Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. * * 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 Jewett's Fine Red Jonathan Julian Junahiskee Kentucky Red Streak Bradford's Best. Keswick Codlin # 131 1. 01 in s. 1. 1. Ill 1. m. 1 1. 1. in. in in. r. ob. fl. a. r. ob. r. r.ob. r. ob. fl. r. c. r. r. r.ob. r.ob. y. r. g-y- y. r. y.r. y.r. g-y- y.r. y-r. y. r. y.r. g-y- g- y- g-y- y. r. y. r. V. g- g- g- v-g- v. g- v-g- v-g- v-g- g- g- v-g- g- g- v-g- v-g- F. M. K.M K. M F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. M. M. F. M. F. M K. M. F. M F. M 132 133 134 135 l;',i'i 137 Summer Sweet Bough. 138 139 140 Autumn Strawberry. Lawver Limber Twig James liiver. 141 142 Lowell Orange, Tallow Pippin, Queen Anne, Mich- igan Golden Pippm. 143 144 145 146 Mangum Manomet 147 8. in. fl. r.ob. y-r. y.r. g- v-g- F. M M. W. VV. Am. Am. Am. Am. -- * * * * * * * ** * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • t * * * * * * t * * ( 148 149 Maverick Sweet 150 151 152 McAfee's Nonesuch Large Striped Pearmain. McLellan 1. m. m. in m. 1. 1. 1. m. m. m. 1. m. 1. 1. m. in. I. m. m. r.ob. r. ob. r.ob. r. r. fl. ob. fl. r.ob. r. c. fl r.ob. r.ob. r.ob. r. c. r.ob. ob. r.ob. ob. ob. y. r. y.r. y. r. g-y- r. s. y. r. r. s. y- r- r. y- r. y- g-y- y. r. r. s. y-r. g-y- y- y.r. y- g- y- v-g- v-g- b. g- g- v-g g v-g- g- b. g- v-g b. g- b. v-g- g- V- g- v-g- v-g- F. M. F. M F. M KM K M F. M K.M F. M. K. F. M. K M F. M. F. M. F. M F. M. F. F. M F. M. F. M W. W. W. 153 W. Am. W. Am. AW Am 154 155 156 L A. W. W. W. L. A. W. W. w. w. E. A. A. L A A. W. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am Am. Am. Am. Am. Am Am. Am Am. Am. Am. 157 158 159 160 lied Cheek Pippin. Moore's Sweet Mother :: 161 162 163 164 Newtown Pippin Albemarle Pippin. Newtown Spitzenberg Vandevere, of New York. Nickajack * 165 166 Northern Sweet 167 168 Ohio Nonpareil Orange Pippin t 169 Ortlev 170 Wlute Bellfiower, Woolmans Long. Otoe Red Streak 171 m. fl. r. s. V- g- F. A. m 173 m. m. in. 1. 1. r. r. c. r.ob. r.ob. fl. g-y- rus. r. y. g- y-r g-y- v-g g- g- v-g- v-g- F M F M F. F M F. M VV. w. w. w. VV. 174 175 176 177 Pickard's Reserve Pilot Yll Very valuable tor market or stock. I'd'J Ilaruy and productive South-weut. l+'i A profitable niurket sort, J45 A vuJued sweet apple. 15'.t Esteemed where known. CATALOGUE OP FRUITS — APPLES. XI and 49° II. Central HUM twi-i ii :fi an. 1 u III.— South, Mv.— b. 28° & 45° « w a H P21 122 123 121 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 140 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 150 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 106 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 170 177 oj C b i # o M CO 3 - B O s "1 s o d — B C o b. Ol o * .5 "S > CO - # * * * * ■(: 1 S 4 ** ■••■ t * • * ?- t Ol fca U # * ■i- :: w * # 6 93 "3 a * * ■••- Q — - * * * ** * * * * * . S3 C "5i > * # * s---s * # * * * * * t # i f * * * * cj a "3 O o 25 * d O i i * * * * f * t * t it * t • * * * * * (Sit ** * ** § — * * ** t ■ * * * * * # it M * * * * :f- * * * * * * ■>.?■ » a '3 '3 i> CO ai * * * * >> M CJ p S i — i * *# ** # * * ai a> CO CO 01 c B a> #* * * * * '5 t * ■ K * * * * * * t * # * * * t * # * * * * * it o — 1 * * * f- * * * * ** * it- - 0 05 CO i * ■ * * i * * #* • t * 1 * •r. '/> jz -H cu * *t * i t ■■(:- t t t t * * co ZZ te a * * * t * «* ** * * o — - 5 j3 03 * t- t- * t * it * — CO 0) o3 E a "as O * * * * * * * * t * * 03 B TZ o J3 5 o CG * * * * t t * * '5 : 0) O * * # * * t * * t * ** -:t * # i r. — X < ** t * * 0 if' 3 "£. u '— 6 - > 0$ p N < ! This apple is known South and West by ov*r forty 165 Valued for desaert; not productive, different namea. 167 Esteemed where known. 160 An oW variety ; extensively planted at twenty or more years since. xu CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — APPLES. NAMES. DESCRIPTION. 1.— [Northern Division— between 42° K W a S P a N a o a o a o O a o ■v * ** * * ** OS z to » EC * *• ** * _c; "w _i. Z X * * * * ** ** * - V & c 2 - * t * * * * ■ * u ; > y* * * # * * ** * 6 SQ - z * * * a* # # * c ■-I * * * * MS .:.*■ *m • * a o o '/> 'i 178 179 Plumb's Cider m. s. 1. m. m. 1 m. m. 1. 1. m. 1. m. m. 1. m. m. 1. m. s. m. 1. m. 1. r. c. r ob. ob. r. c. r.ob. r ob ob fl. r. c r. r.ob r. c. r.ob. ob.c. r.ob. r.ob. r. r. c. r.ob. r. c. r. r. r.ob. fl. gy-r y . rus g-y- g y- y- y.r. y.r y.r. y.r y.r. y.r. y.r. y.r. y-r. g-y- y-r. y.r. y. rus g y- y.r. y. rus y-r. y . rus y.r. g- b. b. b. g- v-g- g- v-g- v-g- g- b. g- g- g- v-g- g- v-g g- g- v-g- v.g- g- v.g- v-g- F. F. M F. F. M F. M. K. M P. M. F M. K.M F. M. F. M F. M. KM F. M. F. F. M M. F. M F. M. F. M M. F M M. A. W. W. E. A. W. w. L. A h. A W. S. w. L. A W. S. w. s. w. w. L A w. w. L. A. W. A. W. Am F. Am. Am. Am. * 180 181 182 183 Progress 184 185 Am F. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. En. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am Am. * # 186 187 Kawle's Genet * 188 189 Red Canada Old Nonesuch, Richjield Nonesuch, Steele's lied Winter of some. Red Catliead * 190 191 Red Winter Pearmain Buncombe. 192 191 Rhode Island Greening Rhodes' Orange • • 195 • • I9i; 197 198 Robertson's White Romanite, of the South * 199 200 201 Roxbury Russet. • • 202 * 203 204 205 206 207 208 Full Stripe. Sheppard's Sweet Shoukley Smith's Cider Smokehouse Sops of Wine m. s. 1. I. m. m. r. c. r. c. r.ob. r.ob. r. r.ob. r. s. y r. y-r. y-r. y.r. y.r. g- g- g- g- g- g- F. F. M. F. M. KM. K. M. M. L. A W. W. W. E. A. L. A W. w. w. s. s. L. S. E. A. S. E. A. A. w. A. W. A. S. W. W. W. s. s. L. A. A. W. W. W. w. \v. Am. Am. Am. Am. En. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Fr. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Rus. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am Am. Am. Am. Am. Am * * * * * * * * * * * * • » * * * * * * * * * » * * * * * * • * • i- * * * • * * * * * 209 210 Hominy. Soulard Stansill 211 Stark 1. m. 1. 1. I. m. m. s. 1. m. 1. m. m. 1. m. s. m m. m. m. 1. m. ni. 1. 1. in. 1. r. c. r ob. r.ob. r. c. r. c. ob.c. fl. r. r. fl. r.ob. r. c. fl. r. c fl. c. fl. fl. r rob. r. r. r ob. fl. ob. fl. r.ob. r.ob y. r. y- r. s. y.r. y. rus y.r. y-r. yr. g-y- y-r. g-y- y- r. s. y.r. y.r. y.r. y.r. g-y- r. s. y- r. 8. y.r. y.r. y.rus. g- y- y-r. y- r. g- g- v-g- g- g- g- g- b. v-g- g- b. v.g. v-g- g- g- v-g- v-g- v.g- g- g- v-g- g- g- g- g- b. v.g. F. F. K M. K.M. M. K. M. M. F. F. F. F. M. F. M. F. M. K. F. M. F. K. M. M. F. F.M. F. K. M. F. M. F. F. 212 Stevenson's Winter 213 214 215 Summer Hagloe Summer Queen Summer Pound Royal 216 217 Champlain. 218 219 220 221 222 223 Swaar Sweet Pear Sweet Winesap « 224 225 226 Taunton Tetofsky Tewksbury Winter Blush * 227 228 Tahnan's Sweet 229 ** 230 Hocking, Trenton Early 231 Twenty Ounce Apple 232 Cayuga Red Streak. Utter 233 Vandevere • 234 Victuals and Drink 235 Virginia Greening 236 237 Walhridge * 179 A tree of email growth; succeeds well at the North, 190 Extensively grown South and West 19o A long keeper. CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — APPLES. XII) and 19 II.— Central Division— between 35 and 12 III.— Soulh. Ulv.-b. 28° & 85° H a S o a 178 I7y 180 181 182 183 184 185 18(3 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 190 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 200 2U7 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 21 'J 22i 1 221 222 223 221 225 220 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 230 237 re o /. 0) e 1 * * z 03 OS re - a 7. bi o 6 "re -a E O M z= CO S3 S O -I V J- O * * # 'S g _> ■-. 1. E = » * * S:Si *# * f * * * * * * * t * if # * * u OJ ■-s £ cu * * * #* ** ** * -f * •— 03 - cu * * * * _ — E re & * * 1 1 * ** * * * * if if if if * * * re 'S > ■ H ■■• ■ * * ■ if * * * * * * • OS ~Z •— CO * * >. U s f * -if -if * 6 CU v. z a H * if *# t * * if iff * i. z a if * ** ** *- * • Si # * * » if f if * if * * if * # * * re -f z :f i'- -* * if * if if if * * if -f -:f * # if 3 o rj'j s * * * Is* *# * * * * * -• t * if * if -a 1 re u -z V s< if * * * if if ■:■■ * t * * if * t # 1 ~. R « ■if if .?■* * * * if if * * O — re z z '- * -= re if ■: * * * ii> * f f * if re — re - CU re 'S - c if -Si f if * * * * if if os = u re U 5 3 ■/. * # * * * Si 5 * * 1 if re il. c z a if if * ** * * * ** * • * * re a re re ** * OS — O C! i> H c - DO as 03 a ~ » .. f * * * re re ' "3 s - * if if # - d u u c N < ix 1D7 Entirely distinct from Gilpin or Shuck ley. L'.'S Vuiued for stock feeding. XIV CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — AP]?LES. NAMES. DESCRIPTION. I.— Northern Division— between 42° a 2 p izi 7. K O O ►J o h n 3 < p c m to i. o to < CO 1 a 5 O O \> J. - > CO P3 2C '5 6 S- "7 P. E — 0) * c o £ i> * = a cd tfi 00 ea # * ** * * - O 5 tN * 3 a tJ a, c O -S: # # :- t J* 01 * t * * * * * * 3 - q O C — * * * '3 c o u (A 238 239 240 241 94-» 1. m. s. m. r. c. r.ob. r. c r.ob. y.r. g-y- r. s. r. s. V ir IT AT W. A Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. F. Am. Am Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Washington Stravabi try. Washington Royal Waugh's Crab Wealthy g- g- V. g. M. Cider F. M. W. W. W. w. w. . w. E. A. S. w. w. L. A. S. S. w. w. w. ; w. w. w. s. w. s. t 243 244 24:", 246 Wellford's Yellow Westfield Seek-no-further White Doctor s. 1. 1. s. 1. m. in. in. 1. m. 1. m. 1. 8. 1. 111. 111. r.ob. r. c. r.ob. r. r.ob. r. c. r.ob. r. c. r. r. c. r. r. r.ob. fl. ob. r.ob. fl. g-y- y-r. g-y- g-y- g-y- >•• r- g-y- y- • y- r- y-r- y- r. y- r. g-y- y-r. g-y- y- y-r. g- b. 1 v-g. v S- g- g- v.g. g- v.g. v-g- v S- g- v.g. g- g- M. F. M. K..M. F. M. F. M. F. M. M. M. K. M, K. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F F. M. * 247 248 249 250 251 White Pippin White Winter Pearmain White Kambo Williams' Favorite Willis Sweet 252 Willow Twig Wine "54 Hay's Wine, Pennsylvania Red Streak. 255 •'"ii'i Winter Sweet Paradise * * 257 V58 259 260 — 252 Valuable for late keeping. II.— APPLES — GRABS. NAMES. DESCRIPTION. I.— Norlhrra Division— between 42° - a a p a CO K O ft « O ►J o o •A p a" i. o •< a CO s o a CO > c V '= c E - > c - ai ~ "7 c E HI & £ 0 S > en (U aa a ra - — - C O z > * * * * c ai 5 3 M i a 3 a 5 1 Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. A m . Am. Am. '> R » * 4 •', fi * * * 7 Montreal Beauty s 9 10 » CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — AFPLES. XV and in' ii. -Ventral Division— between 85 and 42° HI.— south. HIT.— b. 28° and 36° K a a B » 238 239 •Jin 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 207 258 259 230 ri to w t * o s n = IS bt o •• o ea "7 c to * * i > -. C SJ * t * * * * ** * * * * a. • - CJ S3 03 > * * 6 B -5 B M >. a * * * ■'if Hi* * * '3 'So - > * * * t* : OS a o I* OS - i 6 * * * : -S', * * IS ;- OS OS i— I * * * * * * ■: * * * '£ - >> # * •- u •/j "5 c M t # * ** * IMS * — < » * s # is 3 (A BO S * ** * * s -5* # „- ce 3J ?i >>* * ■'!:• ** * rS CO K * * 6 ■a c ES * * * 33 > # * * # * K u r. o S o ■J. * #* o * * * * 3 o 0 < "7> 1- * « '3 c 7 6 "s. -■ - b3 O N II.— APPLES — CEABS. and 49° 11.— Central Division— between 35° and 42° U!.— South. |)lv.— b. 28° & 35° K a a a * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 o 09 = C O eg c c — 3 d O CO = c a z s 'c 03 > - 1 0 - xs p S3 -. 03 e3- - 03 O -= o 6 Z s = -6 d 3 '3 > r. a> •a £ o3 0) 93 CJ B •• "5 ci c — o 4 CO Zi 2i - CO C 6 0 3 l3 o3 — > 2; c rr; O 3 "3q -_ o d E — < •p — o 01 H G - 5 a a < tn if « h-3 6 3 < XVI CATALOGUE OP FRUITS — APRICOTS AND BLACKBERRIES. III.— APEICOTS. Tlie columns explain as follows: Size — I., large ; m., medium; s., small. Form — r., roundish ; r. (., roundish flattened ; r. o., roundish oval ; ob. c, oblong compressed. Color — y. o., yellow, shaded to deep orange in sun ; o. r , orange, with a red cheek ; o., orange. Quality — g., good; v. g., very good; b., best. Use — All Apricots being valued for the dessert, the letter F will signify that it is extra for the dessert, and F. M. that it is valued lor dessert, and at same time profitable for market. Season — E., early; M., medium; L., late in season of ripening. Origin — F, foreign; Am., American. NAMES. DESCRIPTION. I.— Northern Division— between 42° D a 3 3 o U ■ O o O >< s- 3 < o £ o OQ < 72 3 5 o J. > o M '% CO c pq 6 - 12: 5 at > en CI 03 P « CO CO B J K 3 c o O J* 0 a> • * * * * * * * * * "C C o c g 5 '33 c o a> 1 m. s. I. m. I. I. I. s. I. r. r. o. r.f. ob.c. r. o. r. r.f. r. r.f. 0. 0. o. r. o. r. o. r. y.o. y.o. y.o. y.o. y.o. v.g. V- S- b. b. b. b. b. v.g- b. V. g. F M. F. M F. M. F. F. F M E. E. M. E. M. T. F. Am. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. 2 Early Golden 5 g 7 F. M. T. 8 F. M. F. F M. M. M. L. 9 0 IV.— BLACKBERRIES. The columns explain as follows : Size — L, large; m., medium; s., small. Form — ob. c, oblong conic ; r.c, roundish conical or oval; ob. ov., oblong oval. Color— b , black. Qualitt — g., good; v. g , very good; b., best. Use — F. M., family and market; M, market. Seasox — M., medium; E., early ; L., late. Origin — Am., American ; F., foreign. 0 NAMES. Dorchester Kittatinny New Uochelle or Lawton Wilson's Early. 1 Of fine flavor, DESCRIPTION. \H ob.c r. c. ov. ..!> ov - o ►J o o b. b. g- v.g- F. F. M M. M. so o ■< a x M. M. L. E. - Am. Am. Am. Am. I.— NorlDern Division— between 42° i — CO en — - a cd oa pq i .5 > -. * I* 4 Mainly valued for market. CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — APRICOTS AND BLACKBERRIES. XV11 III.— APRICOTS. The columns explain as follows : Size — 1., large; m., medium ; s., small. Form — r. , roundish ; r. f, roundish flattened; r. o., roundish oval ; ob. c, oblong compressed. Color — y. o., yellow, shaded to deep orange in sun ; o. r., orange, with a red cl o., orange. Quality — g., good ; v. g., very good; b., best. Use — All Apricots being valued for the dessert, the letter F will signify that it is extra for the dessert, and F. M. that it is valued for dessert, and at same time profitable for market. Sea- son— E., early; M., medium ; L., late in season of ripening. Origin — F., foreign; Am., American. and 49° II.— Central Division— between 35° and 42° III.— South. DlV.— b. 28° & 35° « B n a D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Id o CO CU a a o X cS B « o £ o >> d ~rc — c o B - c o a o o .£ B K > >. oo B # * * * * CO — 0) i-s =: cu * 0> t- > 53 o * * d Q «3 ■a B - >. 5 S * * * * > S o t- ca O c 5 * * * SMS ca * * * .5 = > X >> a o CO q c o H * ' z * * * * > 3 o CO * * * cS .a CO - * * * * CO ca * * * - — ca c- _c "3 CJ a * * * ca — > 25 5 — ■a ~?. o # # * "o si O 3 O CO ca o cu 3 ca' = ca .a ca < o H — CO c EtJ < '3< a '35 i "ro CO X H 6 ■_ 0) 2; 2 5 .53 <5 IV.-BLACKBEREIES The columns explain as follows : Size — 1., large; m., medium; s., small. Form — ob. a, oblong conic; r. c, roundish conical or oval; ob. ov., oblong oval. Color — b., black. Quality — g., good; v. g., very good; b., best. Use — F. M., family and market; M., market. Season — M., medium; E., early; L., late. Origin — Am., American ; F., foreign. and 49° ii. -Central Division —between 35° and 42c III.- South. UlT.- -b. 28° and 35° PS a a S p 1 2 3 4 o CO O Q a a - a o C o ^5 M B /, a o bo a> t- * E CO B fl at 3-1 # ■if * * o> o * ** * * - _^ * *# ** d fl =3 •a E E- * * * * '1 '--I > * * * ~5 t-i O 2 Z 6 S O * * C8 E -5 M * U > 3 W CD cu CO CO cu E * * * * CO '3 E S * « i o — i * * 3 - CO J. * * cj CS - OJ # * CO a '. CQ * o — - — o O 5 * * S — > cy ct '5 1 la O * * d E o ca O D ■k 'id u O CU O » * s < s o o H c -r 03 eg CO =: <3 '3, & "to /. 'if. GO i * * ca ca '5 ? J •- * ca ■/, o» E-i o' cu .-a a 3 < 5a xvm CATALOGUE OF FKUITS — CHERRIES. V. — CHERRIES. The columns explain as follows : Size — 1., large ; m., medium ; s., small. Form — ob. h., obtuse heart shape ; r. ob. h., round- ish obtuse heart shape; r. h., roundish heart shape; r., roundish or round. Color — 1. r., lively bright red; d. r., dark red, almost black ; a. m., amber mottled with red ; y. r., yellow ground shaded and marbled with red. Class — H., Hearts, or tender fleshed sweet cherries; B., Bigarreau, or firm fleshed cherries ; D., Dukes, having a character in tree and fruit midway between the Hearts and Morellos; M., Morellos, having acid fruit, and the tree of small, slender growth. Use — F., family, for dessert; F. M., family or market; K. M., for cooking or market; M., market. Season — E., early; M., medium; L., late. Oeigin — F., Foreign ; Am., American. NAMES. DESCRIPTION I.— Northern Division— between 42° a a a s ' = 00 c -* d S3 a fc SB cc i - C O CJ —1 a> - >< 0 a a o 00 O E? a r to = 0 a >-i < b c > t. 7. o in o en a 1 o o a a CJ •a > * * O - * 2 a £ 1 Arch Duke 1 obh. d r I) K M L. F 2 Belle Magnifique 1. r.h. l.r. D. K. M. L. F. * # 8 I) F M F * 4 Belle d'Orleans in. r.h. y. r. H. F. M E. F. * * n 1, obh y.r. Ij F M M F Graffion, Yellow Spanish. (i 1 ob.h d. r B F M M F Monstreuse de Mezel, Bigarreau Gaubalis. 1 ob.h d r B F M M F 8 1 r.h. d r H. F. M. M. F # ** # * # # 9 Black Republican Black Tartarian 1. 1, r.h. r.h. b. d r. G. H. F. M F. M. Am. F. * * * * * 10 M. 11 m. r. y- G. D F. M. K M L. F. F 1° 1R H F M * 14 Donna Maria m. r. d. r. M. K. M. L. F. * # * ** * ' ■ 15 Downer's Late m. r.h. y-r. H. F. M. L. Am. 16 Early Purple Guigne in. r.h. d. r. H. F. M. E. F. 17 _ r. r.h. 1. r. y.r. M. B. K M E. M. F 18 Elton 1. F. M. F. * )Nc * * * * *■* #* * 19 Governor Wood 1. r.h. v.r. H. F. M. M. Am. * VI » d r B M M Am. Am. 21 Hovey 1 r.h. y. r. B. F. M. M. •/>, I ob h d r H F M E F n 1. m ob.h. r. d.r. r. D. G K.M. K. L. M * • * * •24 F 25 Louis Philippe 1 d r D K M L F 26 May Duke 1. ro.b.h d.r. D. K. M E. F. # ** * * v 1 27 Morello 1. r.h. d.r. M. K. M. L. F. * * English Morello, Large Morello. 28 Napoleon Royal Ann. 1. r.ob.h y. r. B. F. M. M. F. * # * * * •• 29 Osceola 1. r.h. d.r. H. F. M. M. Am. t t 80 1 ohh y. r. H F M M t t * t 81 Plumstone Morello 1. 1, r. obh d. r. d r M. H K.M. F. M L. AT F. * | 82 83 1, ob.h. y.r. l.r. a. m. H F. M. T, 84 Reine Hortense 1. 1. r. r.ob.h D. B. F. M. F. M. L E. F. Am. * •• * « * * * • 85 Rockport 86 1. r. d r D K. M. M F 87 in ohh il r 11 M. L. 38 Tradescant's Black Heart Elkhorn, Large Black Bigarreau. 1. r.h. d.r. B. M. L. F. * * N " ■• 8 A fine old variety, but by many supposed superseded. 14 Very hardy and productive. 20 An old variety, very firm flesh; carries well to market. CATALOGUE OF FEUITS — CHERRIES. XIX Y.-CHEEEIES. The columns explain as follows : Size — I., large ; m., medium ; s., small. Form— ob. h., obtuse heart shape ; r. ob. h., roundish obtuse heart shape; r. h., roundish heart shape ; r., roundish or round. Color— 1. r., lively bright red ; d. r., dark red, almost black; a. m., amber mottled with red; y. r., yellow ground shaded and marbled with red. Class— H., Hearts, or tender fleshed sweet cherries ; B., Bigarreau, or firm fleshed cherries; P., Dukes, having a character in tree and fruit midway between the Hearts and Morellos; M., Morcllos, having acid fruit, and the tree of small, slender growth. Use— F., family, for dessert; F. M., family or market ; K. M., for cooking or market; M., market. Season— E., early; M., medium ; L., late. Origin — F., Foreign ; Am., American. and 4D° II. -Central Dtvlslor —between 35° and 42° II .— Mllllli. 111 — b 28° i 85° M u n P 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 83 34 35 36 37 38 0) i os 03 C M Z o si 1 o 6 o Ti B T as a o tc a> u o * * * * * * * * * 5 "S a ~Z> tn B E oj Ph * * * * * * * » * ** *» * * ** * * * * t # * * t * >> a> Vi u -r > # * # * * * * * * * * * * * 6 t- d ■5 T. * * o p — c T. - s * * * * * * * * * * * * * * » * 2 u > * * * * * * * * * # * * » * * * * oS o c O * t * * * ** ** # # * * ** * ** ** ** » * * * * * ** ** * t * 03 B oj -T B # * * * * ■* t * * * * * * • * 'S ! to * * - o> * * * * ci CO Q a B O) H * * ** *# * o a * * * * * t * ** * * * * *» * * * 03 s 0 * * * * a on * * * * * * • * * * 03 r. u Ol Z * * # t * * f t * # t t 00 03 so B 03 * * t * * * t * # * * t o ■r. _o o * * * * t IS o* > 2 * * * * # * ** * * t * * * * * * ** * * * * C B "5 t« 03 O ■= ♦J S o H CD I < S3 s s o (- H c * i— i tn CO C < DO / CO i ci B .rt /. '5 o 1-3 CO - M 25 An old excellent sort; little known. 33 The lates( ripening large iweet cherry. XX CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — CURRANTS — GOOSEBERRIES. YI.-CUERAHTS The columns explain : Size — 1., large; m., medium; s, small. Form — with reference to form of bunch — 1, long; v. 1., very long; s., short; m., medium. Color— r., red; b., black; w., white. Quality — a., acid ; m. a., moderately acid; v. a., very acid. Use— K. M., kitchen and market; F. M., family and market; M., market. Season— E, early ; M, medium ; L., late. Origin — F., foreign. DESCRIPTION. I.— Northern Division— between 42° a a NAMES. o 00 = _ CO — = — c M E B5 a H SK z i. - - X B O = — — o 1* o a a ■e o -1 0Q o > % z ce C B & EC 90 o o OQ X a 172 O O f. 1) > * * * ■•:■ S * * O * * s * * £ 1 1. 1. s. s. s. s. b. r. b. m.a. v. a. m.a. K.M. M. K. M. M. M. M. F. F. F. • 2 Cherrv * 3 * Black Enqlish. 4 Fertile de Paluau 1. 1. r. a. F. M. M. F. * # * * ♦ 5 Fertile d' Angers 1 1 r. m.a. F M M 1-'. 6 Knight's Large Red 1. m. r. m. a. F. M. F. * * 7 1. s. r. a. M. M. F. * * # * 8 Prince Albert 1. Ill 1. in. r. r. m. a. m.a. M. F. M. L. E. F. F. * * * 9 Red Dutch 10 Red Grape 111. m. r. m.a. F. M. F. M. E. F, F. F * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * # * * * 11 White Dutch 1? m. F. M. E F 13 Victoria 1. T. 1. r. a. F. M. L. F. . . Raby Castle. VII.-GOOSEBEEEIES. The columns explain : Size — I., large; m., medium ; s., small. Form — r., round ; o.,oval; r. o., roundish oval. Color — r., reddish, when fully ripe ; g., greenish yellow, when fully ripe. Quality — g., good; v. g., very good; b., best. Use — K., kitchen; M., market. Season — E, early; M., medium; M. L., medium late. Origin — Am., American ; F, foreign. NAMES. DESCRIPTION. I.— Northern Division— between 42° K a a 3 o S3 a" ■7. s o fa es o ►j o O H a uo X o to -< a s 5 o .3 c u 03 > O U to C s > B * B = c c o !> * * * * to X — - CO 1> r. g- r. r. r. r. g- g- v. g. K. M v. g.: K. g. K. M. g. M. M. F. 2 3 4 Downing Houghton M. L Am. E. Am. M. Am. •• o Pale Red v. g. K. M. E. v. g. K. M. M. F. F. Am. F. 7 1. 1. 0. 0. v. g- v- g- K. M. M. g K. M. M. 2 A little linble to sunburn or blister. 4 A strong growiug buuh— berry with a very thick skin. 5 An old sort, entirely free from mildew— more upright , than Houghton. CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — CURRANTS — GOOSEBERR I ES. XXI YI.-CURRAITS. The columns explain : Size — 1., large; m., medium ; s., small. Form — with reference to the form of bunch— 1, long; v 1., very long; s, short; m., medium. Color — r., red; b., black; w., white. Quality — a., acid; ra. a., moderately acid; v. a., very acid. Season — E., early; M., medium; L., late. Use — K. M, kitchen and market; F. M., family and market; M., market. Origin — F., foreign. and 49° II.— Central Division— between 35° and 42° III.— South, lllv.— b. 28° & 35° H a o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 o co a> B a % * * * O n C = c a o >> d "a — t-H o M o ti- ll) o * * * _os 'S 03 > -. CO a B * * * * * * * * CO — * * * * * 6 ■~ > * * a =8 •a c "?> * * * * * * M a OS O :~ o Zi d 5 M * * * * ** * * * * OS c - * * * * 'a 'Si > DO a> 3 s cu 0) co 0) a e a> H * ** * n a * * * * eg S o * * * * * * s o CO CO S * * * M CO S3 Zi # * K * * * # go c c= M * * * * * ' O — S3 s- O O O cS S i * * » OS — OS > Zi cej a i- o o » * ** ** * * # * * OS n o t- OS O 0 02 OS 'So o CO s o! OS < cci 5 o 'S Ed a — < ES VI C OS E-i a 'en /. "on tfl i OS B - '3 c to d CD d a o < VII. — GOOSE BEEEIES. The columns explain : Size— 1., large ; m., medium ; s., small. Form— r., round ; o., oval ; r. o., roundish oval. Color— r., reddish when fully ripe; g., greenish yellow, when fully ripe. Quality — g., good; v. g., very good; b., best. Use — K., kitchen; M., market. Season— E., early ; M., medium ; M. L., medium late. Origin — Am., American ; F., foreign. and 49° II.— Central Division— between 35° and 42° III.— South. Dlv.-b. 28° & 35° OS a K b 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 03 C en CD B a O 03 B OS B O Ml a o 6 — d z Efl B o Ml cu 5 * s 0 CO a a OJ - * # * t * CD CO t* 0> -: s IV * * oS « >> OS a * '3 # * B 3 s- o u o Zi d 5 * * * t * B C3 — t a '5b > a a so DO a a '3 ca — * * t — # r o to en s oi CO oi t- a a; Zi * * t * CO cs ' B SB * * t = O * * C3 "3 OS > Zi OS '3 c- 13 CJ B - - 3 o 'S o CU a ed' S cd < a] O s - 'C (-. CU H c B 1— 1 CO oi CO a S3 C-. 'H. ft ' /.. s CO B efl '3 o - CO X OJ H 6 a -, CD Zi oi B o < 6a 7 New and proraieing. 8 The best of all the foreign large sorts in ite immunity from mildew. xxu CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — GRAPES, NATIVE. VIII. — GE A PES — NATIVE. The columns explain as follows : Size — with reference to the berry, 1., large ; m., medium ; s., small. Form — with refer- ence to bunch and berry, s. r., short bunch, round berry ; 1. r., large and round ; m. r. o., medium bunch, roundish oval berry ; m. r., medium bunch, round berry. Color — b., black or nearly so when fully ripe ; r., reddish or coppery-brownish red ; g., greenish white or yellowish. Quality — g., good ; v. g. very good; b., best. Use — T., table; M., market; W., wine. Sea- son— E., early ; M., medium ; L., late. Origin— Am., American. NAMES. DESCRIPTION. I.— Northern Division— between 42° K a a S 0 a N 7. s « O a o j o H i-i -< & a B DO S5 o 00 < a «3 z 3 2 o — c s. r: > O > - > 6 ~ '3 * * * * * * t — = CO - > * - B o c > * * * * ** * * * * * 05 — 00 - ' OB TZ s * ■: t * * * t 1 * t * t * ■a □ — 5 * * * * * * * * t * - - IM * * * * * * t * J* o >< * * * * * * * t * * * * * # * * * t t * * t * * * t * - O * * * * # * :- * • * * * * * r 5 * * • t ** * * * * * * * t t * = o in 1 2 3 Adi rondac Roiiers' No. 15. m. 8. 1. 1. 8. 1. 111. S. s. 1. III. 1. s. 111. 1. m. m. r. m. r. r. m.r.o. m. r. 1. r. m.r.o s. r. m. r. r. r. m.r.o m.r. m.r.o m.r.o m.r.o b. r. b. b. r. b. b. b. g- r. r. b. b. b. g- b. b. r. b. b. b. v-g- g- v-g- g' b. g- v. g. v-g- b. b. v-g- v. g- g- y-g- v.g- g- v-g- b. v. g. g- g- T. T. T. M. T.M.W T. W. T.M.W T. T. T.M.W T. M. T. T.M. T. T. W. M. T. W. T.M.W T. T.M. M. \V. E. M. E. M. L. L. M. E. E. M. L. E. M. M. L. E. L L. M. L. M. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am * 4 Barry 5 fi Rogers' No. 43. Catawba •• 7 8 9 10 11 V> Creveling Delaware • t * 13 Essex 11 Rogers' No. 41. 15 16 Rogers' No. 1. * 17 18 19 "XI Iona 21 » ?R S. C. Seedling. in. 1. 1. in. 1. 8. 8. 1. m. in. 1. 1. 1. 1. m. 1. m. r. o m.r. s. r. m.r.o s. r. m.r. m.r. r. r. s.r. r. r. m.r.o s.r. o s.r. 1. r. r. r. g- g- b. b. b. r. w. g- P. r. b. b. r. b. g- g- g- v. g. g- g- g- g- v. g- y-s- 8- g- v-g- g- b. v.g- M. W. T. M. T. W. T.M. T. T. M. W. T.M. M. T.M.W T.M. M. M. M. M. M. E. L. E. M M. M. E. M. M. M. 24 Rogers' No. 9. 25 26 ''7 Rogers' No. 3. Martha Maxatawney ?8 Rogers' No 19. ?°. 30 31 Peter Wylie 32 33 Doctor Wylie. Rebecca • • 34 Rogers' No. 22. 35 36 37 38 Telegraph Christine. Union Village Ontario. Walter Wilder Rogers' No. 4. t t 1 Unreliable. small. 5 Suited only to clayey loams and ccrtaio localities. 6 Hardy everywhere. 7 Succeeds ei ery where. 8 Bunches imperfect. t) The most promising white variety. in Wants rich soil and high culture. LB Liable to drop from the bunch. CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — GRAPES, NATIVE. XX1U VIII. — GEAPES — NATIVE. The columns explain as follows : Size — with reference to the berry, 1, large ; m, medium; s, small. Fomi — with refer- ence to bunch and berry, s. r., short bunch, round berry; 1. r., large and round; m. r. o., medium bunch, roundish oval berry ; m. r., medium bunch, round berry. Color. — b., black, or nearly so when fully ripe; r., reddish or coppery-brownish red; g., greenish white or yellowish. Quality — g., good ; v. g., very good; b., best. Use — T., table ; M., market; W., wine. Sea- son— E., early ; M., medium; L., late. Okigin — Am., American. and 49° II.— Central Division— between 35° and 42° HI.— South. Dlv.— b. 28° & 35° «' a a ~. P 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 o Si g • 1 5 o C3 Q c - q _ ti C 5 o z r— ( C O C 03 = o * * # * ea. 'E C3 s Q 0) # * # * t * * * * * # # • * ** * * * * # t * CO u a/ -5 S* 0» * ** * * * t * * t QJ CEj 5 0 # * * * * * * t — c & CB. * * *■■■* * * * * * * * * # * * * * t * t * a H t) i- > * m ** 1 * t ** t t 53 B O o 25 * d O * « ** * * t * * ** t es a - B * * * t * * * * # t t & 'a 'E? CO 0) * ** * t >> 3 a u « ** ** » * * ** * t * * t # CU CO CO eg = *# * r ** * * ** M IS CO a * * * t # # f * * «- • t t i C3 ■i 0 M * t ** * * * * t 3 o X CO * # * ** t * # * # * ** # t * * * MS t ** * * * t t * t t CO co CO - es * #» t * * t t t t o -3 BE) _o 3 o 1 C * t * * * t t * t OS — es > t eg* & t si - u C3 o -~ 5 o -J3 * * * * * * * * * # t * * * ** :l, u o 0) a * * * * ** * * ** * * * * # * B S3 # * * *# f * * ■* • •.* * •• •* 03 5 f I * • r O u CO SI CO • 'S a. '3 CO * * * * C3 C - '5 -i * • * * * * CO 03 X CU * • * * * * * # 6 '£ s & 0) a s 3 N < 17 Makes the finest of white wine. 18 Unreliable except in a tew location?. *JJ Vftlueless at the West. 21 Valued for n dark wine. 2tJ Vines require age to give perfect fruit. 28 Very early— too email for market. 85 The more known the better liktd. XXIV CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — GRAPES AND NECTARINES. IX. — GRAPES — FOREIGN. As the Foreign Grapes are for cultivation under glass, they are not suhject to those variations induced by climate or soil, and therefore they may be regarded as equally adapted to all localities. Very few of the local committees have made any report in reference to these Grapes. The list below contains such as have been already adopted by the Society, with a few others very generally esteemed. In California, and sections of the Southern States, they require no artificial protection or beat ; it has, therefore, been thought unnecessary to tabulate the States and Territories relative to them ; but, taking the old catalogue, and simply adding to it a column relative to variety as adapted to a cold house, or its want of fire heat, in our Northern States, the old form is continued. • The columns explain: 1st— The Color of the fruit; 2d— Flavor ; 3d— Season of maturity; 4th— Cold, for a variety that does well without fire heat— Hot, for a variety wanting fire beat. In flavor, the only distinction is between those that are simply sweet, as the Chasselas or Hamburgs, and those having a distinct musky aroma, as the Muscats. No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Name. Barbarossa Prince Albert, Briziola. Black Champion Black Damascus . Black Frontignan Black Hamburg Black Prince Black July Bowood Muscat Buckland Sweetwater Calabrian Raisin liaisin de Calabre. Cannon Hall Muscat Chasselas Musque, or Joslin's St. Albans. Muscat blanc Hative (?) Dnc.de Magenta Early Silver Frontignan Golden Hamburg Siochicood G. Hamburg. Golden Champion Grizzly Frontignan lied Frontignan, Red Constantia. Gros Colman Lady Downes' Seedling Muscat of Alexandria Muscat Hamburg Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat Queen of Nice Red Chasselas Rose Chasselas. Red Lombardy Rio Virgin Royal Muscadine White Nice West St. Peter's Wilmot's Black Hamburg Dutch Hamburg. White Sweetwater Dutch Sweetwater, Src. White Frontignan White Constantia, Muscat blanc. Zinfindal Color. Flavor. Season. Red Black. Black. Black. Black. Black. Black. Black. White. White. White. White. White. Black. White White. Amber. & Yellow Purple. Black. White. Black. Black. White. Red. Red. White. White. Black. Black. White. White. Black. Sweet. Sweet. Sweet. Muscat. Sweet. Sweet. Muscat. Sweet. Sweet. Muscat. Muscat. Sweet. Muscat. Sweet. Sweet. Muscat. Sweet. Muscat. Muscat. Muscat. Sweet. Sweet. Sweet. Sweet. Sweet. Muscat. Sweet. Very Late. Early. Late. Late. Medium. Medium. Medium. Medium. Late. Late. Early. Early. Early. Late. Medium. Medium. Very Late. Late. Medium. Late. Medium. Late. Very Late. Medium. Early. Medium. Medium. VlNERT. Hot. Cold. Cold. Cold. Cold. Cold. Hot. Cold. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Hot. Cold. Hot. Hot. XI. — NECTARINES Explanations same is for Apricots. DESCRIPTION. ! 1.— Northern Division— between 42° 1 -a 1 IS en — a NAMES. 5 > 03 B ID CO 3 = - - — a c S K t. i. CO C3 tq o a — V o o us -i a 3 K a ^ C < m o eg * ~ £ /. z n s rz — ■ ■J. o to O o a a OD P H O o s z > s 2 0) * Z ^ £ 1 Boston 1. r. o. o. r. v. g. F. M. Am. 2 Downton 1. r. o. o. r. v. g. F. E. F. * 3 Early Newington I. r. 0. o. r. '•(?■ F. E. Am. * 4 1. in. r. r. o. o. r. o r. b. F. F. K L. F. V. * * 5 Elruge 6 Stanwick 1. r. o. o. r. g. F. L. F. • CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — MULBERRIES, FIGS, POMEGRANATES AND NECTARINES. XXV X.— MULBERRIES— FIGS— POMEGRANATES. The following list of mulberries, figs and pomegranates was prepared by Mr. P. J. Berckmans, of Georgia. In California and many sections of the Southern States, the fig and pomegranate are grown as readily as the apple in the Middle States, while the mulberry is a success wherever the cherry succeeds. No. 9 111 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Name. MULBERRIES. Hicks' Everbearing Downing Persian Black Persian White Johnson FIGS. Alicante Angelique' Brunswick Madonna, Constantinoplt . Black Genoa Black Ischia Brown Smyrna Celestial. .". Green Ischia White Ischia, Green Italian. Jaune Hative Lemon Violet, long Violet, round Nerii Pergussata White Marseilles White Genoa Superfin de la Saussaye Turkey Brown Turkey. POMEGRANATES S weet Acid Violet D way Season. Early. Early. Late. Medium. Medium. Medium. Early. Early. Early. Medium. Medium. Medium. Early. Early. Early. Medium. Medium. Late. Medium. Medium. Medium. Late. Early to Late. Early. Early. Late. Late. Color. Black. Black. Black. Lilac. Black. Yellow. Violet. Blue. Blue. Brown. Pale Violet. Green. Yellow. Yellow. Violet. Violet. White. Purple. White. White. Brown. Brown. Reddish. Reddish. Violet, Red. Quality. Second. First. First. Third. First. Second. First. First. First. First, First. Second. First. First. Second. First. First. First. Good. First. First. First. Third. First. Second. Size. Bears 3 months. Best. Very Tart. Medium. Small. Very Large. Medium. Medium. Medium. Small. Medium. Medium. Medium. Large. Medium. Small. Small. Medium. Large. Medium. Large. Large. Very Large. Very Large. Small. XI. — NECTARINES. Explanations same as for Apricots. and 49° II.— Central Division—between 35° and 42° IlL-South. Dlv.-b. 28° & 35° a a a E D 1 2 3 4 5 6 c c 0 5 -J S O 6 | c O ■:( z .5 '5 « > --. 00 C Oi Ph * >-> o> en ■~ 0) — 25 0) (-1 > o Q =3 -3 P eg 1 * * ■- O t- o 2; 0 5 ctj * 'S > en a> M a 0) o> Of on ' 01 P * o s i. - U ,G - C c5 O — etf O 3 Q - > 0) 73 a "o CG 0 'So o 0> 5 e3 — ^4 O H 01 H G 00 S < 'to s P a c -J S3 X 33 6 o 'x « s CD c o s "C < 7a XXVI CATALOGUE OP FRUITS — ORANGES, LEMONS AND PEACHES. XII. — ORANGES AID LEMONS NAMES. DESCRIPTION. I.— iVorlliexn U\\ Ision— between 42° K U B a a N CO K O fa PS o o H 3 < D o 's E 3 pq ft - B ~ (X) p. E s > o | Z > 4* X 3 CO /. ctf O = CJ CD C - ^3 o a> .2 o c i = z V BO 5 1 9, 3 4 ...'.;.;. 5 i XIII. — PEACHES. The columns explain: Size — 1., large; m., medium; s., small. Class — F., freestone; C, clingstone. Color — relative to the flesh, w , white or pale colored; y., yellow or yellowish; g., greenish white, red at stone. Quality — j. v., juicy, vinous; m. j. r., melting, juicy, rich; s. j.F sweet and juicy; s. j. h., sweet, juicy and high flavored. Glands — s., serrated, without glands; g., glands globose; r., glands reniform. Season — the Season of maturity, as Early, Medium or Late; those designated as Early, ripen in lat. 43 deg. previous to or about Sept. 1st; Medium, those ripening from 1st to 15th of Sept., and Late those after that period; a few of the Very Early and Very Late are so designated — E., early; M., medium; L., late; V. E., very early; V. L., very late. Origin — Am., American; F„ Foreign. NAMES. DESCRIPTION. I.— .\orllit rn Division— between 42° PS G B o CO CO OQ ■< J o a o ►j o O < o CO 0 Z: -< o o CO t a CO 5 5 o .2 o u CO > o pq c '5 s - p. E - u > ■1. CO = "a ct 1. f. 3 * ** - a * * - o cu * * * 6 — X O c bj u -. * * * = 'to S o u (« 1 L. R. L. E. M. M. M. V. E M. M. Am. Am. Am. F. Am. Am. Am. Am. 2 1. 1. m. 1. m. 1. m 1. 1. F. F. F. F. F. C. F. F. F. w. w. y- g- y- K- w. 7- w. m.j r. j.m. j v- s.j. j- v. j- v- m.j.r. j v- s.j.h. r. r. g- g- r. r. g- r. g- 3 4 5 fi 7 S Cole's Early Red q in Coolidge's Favorite u l? Crawford's Early 1. 1. 1. 1. m. F. F. F. F. F. y- ■!• v- g- g- g- g- s. M. L V.L E. V. E. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. *-* * * * * * * * • * ** 13 14 Druid Hill g- n>.j.r. 15 Early Newington Free 16 g- m.j r 2 This originaU'rt in South Carolina, and differs from the Missouri Amelia. 7 Berckmans thinks it is same aa Shongh»o. CATALOGUE OF FKUITS — ORANGES, LEMONS AND PEACHES. XX VII XII. — ORANGES AND LEMONS anil 49° II.— Central Division— between 35° and 42° III.— South. Dlv.-b. 2S^ & 35° a w to H D 1 2 3 4 5 & o BO > d *3 3 C a 1 3 o tao 0» o etj eq > CO Of to ^1 o 0 =8 — 03 >. s- 03 s > OS 'o o o c 5 cs B -9 si "S — >> S3 M ai to a* E a> so C C is o 3 o co S3 •• 03 .M CU Z CO K CO C « O -r « _z c O 1 _2 a .1 I cd U 3 0 '5. — o u O § < o * * * CO '3, — J * * * * * 05 C - * < * * CO 6 ■_ 'E a si o N CO CU * - * - 0* en 0> -3 s 0) * * • if • * h. as S _« V q :■ • ** — -. t- cs * * * ** * * oj 'S "ti — > * # ** * • C9 ~ ~z I- 03 o 0 * * * ** * * * * * * O * * * » OS n -z a * * * * * i -■:- * - u > CO 3 C w . f % * * * * o3 * B o oo g * * * * * OS M CO OS L. J3 OJ Z * * 00 OS W B 03 * • 0 ~ OS u 0 z O r3 P # * -• * * OS TS > CU z; .3 .o o * OS B ^5 OS o s o CO *: *t ## I ; * ** Ti — D a> O ** ■•:- K : S- * K s B 03 < * * S* ** -r u a cu c ~Z B CO ec CO d *E < 'S. CO '. s * * * ** * * * s E OS . 3 O 1-1 * * * * s * • 00 OS X * * * ** * * * * * d 'S 03 B O < XXV111 CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — PEACHES. 1 NAMES. DESCRIPTION. 1.— Northern Division— between J2° Ed a D a cZ ■« K O J o o < a DQ Q < - i. o DO < w 3 S o S c o J. A > c |Zi -a c = ■■ aJ ■— > 25 c c E s- > m » I eft 'J> T. # t * * * — C 5 * * * * 5 31 O O o ■.;■■ t * ... • * * - C O * * * = 2 s * * "3 o ■tl is 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 •»1 m. m. 1. m. 1. in. m. 1. m. F. C. F. F. F. F. F. C. F. w. y- y- y- w. S- w. g- ii jr s.j. j V. m j r S.j h. sj. m jr. s.j.h. S. r. g- g- g- g- g- r. V. E L. L M. M. V. E. V. E V. L Am. Am. Am. Am. F. Am. Am. Am Am. Rotjnl Kensington. Heath Cling 25 26 27 Hill's Chili 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. m. 1. hi 1. 1 V 1 C. C. F. F. F. F. F. F. C. F. F. C. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. C. F. F. C. F. C. F. w. y- m j r. j- v. r. r. V. L. L. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. F. Am. F. F. * * * * * * * > * * * 28 29 30 31 y- 8- g- w. \v. w. w. y- g- y- y- g- jv. j- v. j- v. s.j.h s.j.h s .1 s j.h in. h. j- v- j- v. ill j.r r. r. r. r. g g- g- g- r. r. s. M. L. V. L V. L V. E. L. M. M. L. M. M. 32 Heath Freestone. 33 :!) 35 36 37 38 1. 1. 1. v.l 1. m. in. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. m. 39 40 Leopold Freestone. Malta 41 42 Molden's White w. w. w. \v. S- w. y- w. s.j. m. jr. "■ }■ s.j. s.j.h m j.r s.j. mj i- r. r. g- s. g- g- r. g- L. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. Am. Am. Am. F. Am. Am. Am. Am. t * * * * * * t * Ml * * * * t *• * 43 Morris' White 44 45 Noblesse 40 Old Mixon Free 47 01<1 Mixon Cling 48 Picquett's Late 49 50 Raymond Cling 51 Red Cheek Meloeoton 7- w. w. .)■ v. j- v- m.j.r. g- r. s. M. L. E. Am. Am. F. :•: * * !V' Rodman's Cling 53 54 fifi 56 1. m. 1. m 1 F. F. F. F. F. C. F. y- w. w. y- y- y- w. S.j. s.j.h. s j h S.j. V j- y- s.j. r. r. g- g- g- r. g- L. M. L. M. M. L. E. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. * * * * * i * * * * 57 58 Stump the World m Sturtevant 60 61 1. m. 62 63 Troth's Early 64 m 1 m. in 1. 1. F. F. F. F. F. F. w. w. w. y- y- y- m.j.r r.j. s m.j.r s.j. j- v- s.j. g- r. g- g- g- g- M. L. E. E. E. V. E. Am. Am. Am. F. Am. Am. * * •' * • * * • * * fifi 66 67 68 69 Fleita's, Flater's St. John. CATALOGUE OF FKUITS — PEACHES. XXIX ami 4S»° II.— Central Ulvlslon-betwecn 35° and 42° III.— South. Dlv.— b. 28° 4 35° e a a 7. a 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 •/'.) 30 31 32 33 34 35 30 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 40 47 48 49 50 61 62 63 64 55 55 67 68 69 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 OS o Vi it - c JS OS - - s 1 jt 9J 5 '= S3. > - - a* * » * » » * * * * * t Ml if * # * * * if* » * L V >-> i * * * * ** * * * * * * # » * * * a3 t- o: i * * * * * * f »* » * * * * * O B 09 h « # T *« * 1 1 * * * ** * * * t Sf* * * * * • * * K c :/ u > * * Ml * # * M * * « ** * * * * * * d c "r E a £ O z * * * * Ml # It* * * * * * * # * * * * * * » * * * * .2 5 » i * * # • * * # * • • * * * t * »* • • » ** * * * * * # 2 — * # • i m * * * # * t * ■» * » * * * ~ 'S > t. V >» ^: y B Zj »» * * ** * * * Ml * * * CJ Q> 00 O) c fa *# M M Ml * Ml * * # * * ** * * HI 1 Ifi C C # * • ** * * * * * t * # * Ml * * •• * si o — * o 00 /. i # » • * * * * * t • * * * * * * 08 * o: Z Mi * 00 ts 'fi OS w — 03 e ; O » * * * * * * * # -. — > 55 "5 * Ml ** * ** * * * * ** * *# #* * OS E 3 3 O ZJ r ■ * * t *• *• r * • f Ml * * ** t * « Ml * ** 03 y 0 • E- * P a" m u i 0 00 < a i 0 5 c a I --■ > - -.- s 'a | - * * * * * * * * CO — = S 0 iC t t * * t * t a t z 1 > * * * * •« * * * * * # * * - * CO % 1 "5 CO i ** * * * * * Si. * ** * * * * * 1 * ** * * * * UN * * * # t * ** * *a t • » » * * * - /. 31 z * * *» Ml * ** ** * * * * * * * * * ! * # * » - - z * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * c- > • * -- * ** * ** * * * us * * * # * * * * -■-- - * * * * - t * z u BG 5 * * * * * * # * * * * * * * * c it ~z i a '33 = 0 Z3 /. 1 Abbott in. 1. 1. 1. in. 111. "■ 1 ob. p. P- y. r. y-g- v. g- v.g- F. E. A Am. F. M.JE. A.l H F. E. A. Am *". M L S En # 9, # •• 3 4 *# # * ■ • t .. 5 6 7 8 Baronne de Mello Belle Lucrative Fondante d' Automne. Belle Epine Dumas Due de Bordeaux. r. a. p. r. 0. p. r. 0. p y. r. y-g- y- v g- b. v-g- 1, F. M. F. F. F. M E. A. E. A. L A r, A B. Fl. B. F. F. B. B. F. V q Beurre Clairgeau 1. p- y r. g. M. IL. A. M F L. A. M. E. A. F E. A. F. ML. A P. M. S. F L. S. in * ** # * • • u 12 13 14 Beurre d'Amanlis Beurre de Brignais Des Nonnes. Beurre Diel 1. m. 1. r. 0. p. y.g. r. ob. | y. r.ob.p. y. r. g- v-g- v-g- v-g- g- 15 in. ob r. g. y. * * Ifi F M E. A 1 17 m. ob p. y. r. v. g m. r. p. y. r. v. g. m. r. y . r. v. g m. r. op y. g v. g. 1. ob. p y. r. v. g m r. 0. p. y g. g m. j ob. p. y . r. j v. g. F. M F. F. F. M F. M. M. W. F. A. F. S. Am. S. ! Am A. B. E. A Am. is 19 20 21 Beurre Superfin Brandy wine Buffum • - * • * • • • ■ 23 F. M. W. 1 F. K M VV. F. F. M S. Am. 24 26 97 Columbia Dallas 1. 1. s. s. 1. r- 0. p y. g. ob. p. y.g v.g. r.ob.p. y.g b. r. p. y. v. g. ob. p. y. b M.K. W. F. M L. A. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. B. F. B. F. F. F. B. B. B. Am. .. 28 7W Dana's Hovey F. F. F. M. W. s. L. A. * * 30 Dix 31 t 32 33 34 35 Doctor Heeder Doyenne Boussock Doyenne d'Alencon Doyenne du Cornice Doyenne d'Ete Duchesse d'Angouleme s. 1. m. 1. s. 1. s. Ill 1. 1. s. Ill 1 m m. r. 0. p y. r. b. r. 0. p. y. r. v. g. r. p. y. r. v.g. r. 0. p "y. g b. r. 0. p. y. g. v g. ob 0 p. y. v. g. r. ob. y. r. v. g. F. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. F. M. F. M. F. F F. M F. F. F. M F. M. L. A. E A. W. L. A. S. A S. w. w. L. A E. A A E A ' * 30 37 * ** ■■■ * - * *» ' ' * * * • • 38 39 Duchesse de Berri d'Ete Duchesse de Bordeaux * i * * " mm * 40 41 Easter Beurre r.ob.p y. r. ob. p. I y. r. r. ob. y. r. p- y- ob.p y. r. y. r. r. ob. y. v-g- b. V g. v -g v.g. g- b. v-g- g- * • • * •• 42 43 44 F'ulton • ■ * ■ ■ * 45 Glout Morceau L. A 1. A : -HI F. . 47 48 Hosensclienck Moore's Pound. E. A. 15. S. Am. • - * * * ?, Like nil pears, should be gathered ere fully ripe, or liable to decay nt core. 6 N<>t i>riKiit thk- fur market. 11 Quality inferior. is Trees very healthy. 26 Liable to drop ire ripe. oi' Delicious, hut too small to meet the present market wauts. CATALOGUE OP FRUITS — PEAKS. XXXI XIV. — PEARS The columns explain as follows: Size— s., small ; 1., large ; m , medium. Form — p., pyriform ; r. o. p., roundish obtuse piriform; r. a. p., roundish acute piriform; ob. p., obtuse pyriform; ob. o. p., oblong obtuse pyriform; r., roundish ; r. ob., roundish obtuse. Color— y. g, yellow or yellowish green with a red or russet-red cheek; y. r. yellow and russet; y., when mostly yellow or yellowish. Quality— g., good; v. g., very good ; b., best. Use— F., valuable family dessert ; K. M., kitchen anil market; F. M., family and market. Season— S., summer; L. S., late summer : A., autumn ; E. A , early autumn; L. A., late autumn; VV., winter. Origin— En., English ; Am., American; F., French ; Fl., Flemish; B, Belgium; H., Holland. and 49° 11.— Central Division— between 35° and 42° 111.— South. Dlv.— b. 28° & 35° « a e S p 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 in 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 411 47 48 o CO SJ B i * * c a R c 1 .5 E o — EC c c in E O t* cu c * * * * '- 03 ~> tn C c 0) Ph ** ** 1 # ** a* * * ft * * t * * t * t # t * * ft* t t ft * ft * * >> 0J CO IB — t- 03 > e * * * * * * * * * * * * * »c B DC >. S-, se s ft -8 ■ * ** *# * * * ** * * * * * * * * ft* ft* * ft* # * # ** OS ftft * * ■ * ft * * • ft • * ft * * ** ft* ft* ft* • * 03 3Z *c u os cj z y _6 5 * * » t * M *# * ** * * * * * t * t t * t t * * t *# * * ** t * t * * * * * CO # * * # * * * * * * >> M cj 3 c Ol » * ft * * * * * * ** ft* CJ t • * * *« * * o — OS c Z O * ft * * * * ft ft * * * ft ft — OS > S5 a 1 O IS* ft i« ft ft * ** * ft ft ft ft t i: ft ft* ft ft ft* ftft ftft ft ft ft 03 C o OS O a j. * ft ft* * ftft ft ft ft • ft ft* ft ft* ft ft 03 '5c b. O 0> _- ft ft ftft ft* ft ** * ft ft ft ft* ft ft ft ft ft •• ft ft * # ft oj 1 .a d to - * ? * * * t * * * » * * * * # * ** * * * ** 00 U > * * * ■*•*■ * * * # ** ■ 6 t- 6 0 * • * * * ■'•: * * * * * - c a E & HI* » * * * * :* r * * * * * * * * * ** ** ** * * * * .5 'a "si ** :•: t * * * * * * # * * * * * * » B O « o S5 5 * * * * * # * ** s 1 t # t * t * # ** * # * # * * • * * * * • i # IS* * e 71 -r B * t * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * # .2 '& Cfl a* * * * * >> a B 0> M *# » * * * * * * * * 6 a. < 09 O B B H ** ** * * # • is ** o B ** t * * * * * * * ** #* * * * * * * «' 5 3 ** * * ** * # * * * » * * * * - C 'f. w g * * * * * * * * * * * OS M 09 — y. ■*■* t * •:■ » # * * # *» * * ** # / » B * t # * * * * * ; ** * o « : z O 71 * * — tt 'e - # t * * * * * * * * ** # * * * B ~ 0S O r z X * * * * * ** * ** * ~ aj O *t * * * * » * * * * * * * * | < ** * 0 O 0) C T. 'I. = < 'z~ c. '« 1 1 p. > * * * * * 71 7Z '5 c - * * * * r * - O) 6 to S a s 0 < Ranks with Beurre Bosc. Of Buperior quality. But ytt little known ; promising Sf! A hardy tree. S!> One of the most profitable for market. 'M Of rare excellence; requireR age ere profitable. % Of poor quality, but profitable for murket. 9a XXXIV CATALOGUE OF FKUITS — PLUMS. XV.— PLUMS, The columns explain : Size — 1., large ; m., medium ; s., small. Form — r., roundish ; o , oval ; r. o., roundish oval ; o. ob , oval obovate. Color — p., purplish or very dark ; r., reddish or copper color ; v., yellow ; g. v., greenish yellow ; y. r , yellowish with shades or spots of red. Quality — g., good; v. g., very good; b, best. Use — F., family; M., market. Season — E., early; M., medium ; L , late. Origin — Am. American ; F. Foreign. NAMES. DKSCMPI10N. 1.- \ hi i ln-i-ti Division —between 42° a i a s co a o to o j o o 0 B o < a 02 3 S O /. 1 = a > 6 5 6 | 1 25 1 > # * % J. # . c - 31 - * 3 - c c 4- - HI :* * * z 7-. 5 -Si :i. i * * 7 3 to 1 •2 3 4 5 7 ! 8! 9 10 1 r. r. o. o. ob. g- y. y- r. p. b P T. F. Am. Am. .. * * Heine Claude de Bavay. Bleeker's Gage Bradshaw Brill m. 1. g- F. M. M. M. M. m. 0. y. r. v- g- F. L. F. t t Coe's Late Red s. in. 1. 1. m. s m. s. 1. iii- 1. I. s. r. r. o. r. r. o. 0. 0. r. o. r o. 0 r. o. r. y. r. P- y.r. P- r. P- P- y- r. p. P- P- g-y- g- y- g- v- g- v- g- g- g- g- g- M. F. M. F. M. M. F. M. M. F L. L. L. M. M. L. M. F. Am. F. F. Am. F. Ain. Am. F. Am. F. V. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - * * * - * * * * 11 12 13 Cruger's Scarlet 14 15 16 g. F. M. E. g- F. E. g F M M 17 18 19 20 General Hand g. F. M. M. Am. b. | F. M. 21 22 23 24 25 Hilling's Superb Imperial Gage Imperial Ottoman 1. L III r.o. 0. r. g-y- g-y- y- g. F.M. b. F. M. g- If. M. Am. M. Am. E. F. * •• * * * * * * * Ml :- 26 111 1 III m. 1. m. m. l 0. 0. r. r. o. r. r. o. r. ob. r. 0. r. r. r. 0 0. 0. 0. r. r. ob. p- y-f- y.r. p- g-y- r. p. r. y. r. g-y- r-g- r. P- y.r. p. y- p. p- p- p- p- r. r. r. p. g-y- g-y- y.r. cr F \l M. F. * t » * * # #* * * * * * * * * * * T t * * * # * * * * " * * * ** * ** * t t * * -ft : * * • * # - * * » 27 28 Fellenburg. b. v- g- g- b. g- g- b. g- g- g- g- g- v- g- v- g- b. v-g- b. F. M. F. F. F. M M. F. F. M M. F. F. M. M. F M M. K. M. M Am. F. F. •• 211 30 Kirke's 31 32 Long Scarlet Scarlet Gage. M. Am. M. F. * 34 m. 1. m. 1. 1. 1. m. * 35 36 M F 37 38 39 lied Damask. Fonlhdl. E. M. M F. F. F. Am V 40 F M F. 41 F. F M F. M \1 M * 42 43 44 Purple Favorite m. m. 1 M E. Am. M. Am. E. F. F. F. * * 45 liovale Hative v. g. F. M s M * * # • • .. .. 46 1 r 47 48 Schenectady Catharine 111 | r. o. 0. ob. 0. r. o. g- R M. v tr F M M Am. Am. F. F. F. 40 L. L. M. 50 51 St. Martin's Quetsche Sharp's Emperor Victoria. m. 1. g- g- M. M. 53 54 Transparent Gage in. in. 1. s. 1 r. ob 0. r. o. r. 0. g-y- p- g-y- y.r. y- v- g- g- v. g- g- g- F. M F. M M. F. M M. M. M. M. M. F. F. Am. Am. * * * * * * t t * * * * 55 56 Washington Wild Goose » 57 White Magnum Bonum. CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — PLUMS. XXXV XV.— PLUMS, The columns explain : Size — 1., large: m , medium ; s., small. Form — r., roundish; o., oval; r. o., roundish oval; o. ob , oval obovate. Color — p., purplish or very dark ; r. reddish or copper color ; y. yellow ; g. v., greenish yellow ; y. r., yellowish with shades or spots of red. Quality — g., good; v. g., very good; b., hest. Use— F, family; M., market. Season — K., early; M, medium; L., late. Origin — Am., American ; F., Foreign. and 49° II.— Central Division— between 35° and 42° III.— South. Oiv— b. 28° & 35° a ?5 a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 'J 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2b 27 28 2'J 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 40 47 48 49 50 61 52 53 54 55 56 57 E * * s — c C s be £ >> 6 c o ti £ OB c o --[ a> (- - * * * * * * * * * * 2 X >_ --. CO * * * * * # * • t » * * # 0) ai -a > * * * * * * * * * # i- — 0 * # * * 6 P »8 * * * * * * * .2 '2 'Ei — # « si 3 "3 — — 3 * » t * * # * ** t •** * ■!'■ t * * * * — C * X * * * * # * * # * * -s- * .s '3 'So - .- /. * 3 s * * . lO CU C c * -s * # o * * * * * * * # # * * * * -* * * * i * -i p — 1 r * * * * * # * 3 o t. /. i * * # * * * * * * CO « * * * * * /. 1 - * * 0 — O - * ■ > "■J c - o * * ** * * * * ■■?■ s is * * * #* * ■• * K * 3 *o t- '_) 3 o 1. * * * * * s '3 1- o o * ■v * # ** * s BE] < * * # -r * * * - a» H a i '■£ a CO CC a (- <5 Q. .i' sa v. s # * * * * B I -J * * * * * i\ * > z > 3 < a e -< 2 z u -J. ei 00 - S- B B. = c o s "a GO r— 1 -r 2 a u c J* o d 1 c a: 12 53 c o OQ o o X 2 i. — : E X fa o : z > ^ 2: O z C S i 1 y. t. M. K.E.toL. F. « 1 y- v. h. t ,M. K. E toL. * # 3 v.l ob. p. t. M. K. E. F. 4 Rea's Seedling 1. r.ob.p y. h. t. M.K.j E. Am. ■■-■ XVII.— RASPBERRIES. The columns explain: Size — I., large; in., medium; s , small. Form — r., roundish ; r. c, roundish conical; c, conical; ob. c, obtuse conical. Color — b., black ; r , reddish ; p., purplish ; y., yellow. Qoalitt — g., good ; v. g., very good ; b., best. Use — M., most profitable for market ; F. M., of value tor family and market ; F., mostly valued for the family dessert. Sea- son— E., early ; L., late ; M., medium. Origin — Am. American ; F., Foreign. NAMES. DESCRIPTION i.- -Northern Division — between 42° K a a S a a N 03 a o fa a o o O < o a 00 p £ o < a 3 3 o .2 o J. OS > O 4 s 00 b s pq s o3 B '5 * * * * • * i o. 6 cc a s C o = > * * * * * * * * 00 cu CO P a ce CO es * * * > * c - / — — PS * * * * * * * * * = — a) B C O O * * * * * * * * O i a* » * * * * - * * * Ml * * * * • * c "Z. « B o * • * * * B K tx "3 i t * * * = "vt B O o ■n i 1 2 3 American Black s. 1. 1. m. m. m. 1. 1. m. m. m. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. m. m. 1. m. m. in. r. c. c. r. r. r. r.c. r.c. r. r. r. o.b. c. c. ob. c. r.c. ob.c. r. c. c. r. r. b. r. r. P- r. b. r. P- r. ?■ y- r. r. r. r. r. b. b. y- b. P- P- S- v-g- g- M. F. F. F M. M. L. L. Am. F. F. Belle de Palluau 4 5 Clarke g. F. M. g. F. M. v.g. | F. v.g. F. M. v.g. F. g- F- g F. v g. F. M. v.g. P. M. b. P. M E. 6 E. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. L. L. M. Am. F. F. Am. F. F. F. 7 Fastolff 8 9 10 11 Golden Cap * 13 14 1ft b. v-g vg. F. F. F. M. 16 17 Merveille de 4 Saisons October Red. McCormick * 18 Mammoth Cluster. F M 19 20 Orange Ohio Everbearing b. 1 F. g. F. M. M. Am. * 21 g- g- M. M. f:?, 4 Deep, rich soil or not profitable. 10 Not. profitable. I" Profitable market sort. 19 A'alued tor family use. CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — QUINCES AND RASPBEREIES. X X X V 1 1 X VI.— QUINCES. The columns explain: Size — I., large ; m., medium; v. 1., very large. Form — ob. p., oblate pyriform ; r., roundish; r. ob. p , roundish obtuse pyriform. Color — y., yellowish or yellowish green. Quality — t., tender ; h. t, half tender. Use — K., kitchen; M., market. Season — E., early ; E. to L., early to late. Origin — Am., American; F., Foreign. and 49° 11.— Central Division— between 35° and 42° III.— South. Dlv.— b. 28° & 35° d H a B 125 1 2 3 4 co = o « b a B o s til o d "5 C O c QQ 03 O [-. o .5 'S cs > -. DO c c CU - * * * d c o - cs o o 6 5 *# * * d — B ■ — i es s '5b > '. M 6 CO CO a> B B 0) H CO O B oj o 'E 3 O 03 CO 0) CQ OS to B at d o 3 O o3 s # 2; d — z "os O ** * 2 CS o 5 0 02 d 'So o 3J O * * * * d E cs x: cs 3 O U %-, 0> H ES •3 — CO C eS a, CO CO CO B OS /. '3 o -3 to OJ H d IS B o N "E XVII.— RASPBERRIES. The columns explain: Size — 1, large; m., medium; s., small. Form — r., roundish ; r. c, roundish conical; c, conical; ob. c., obtuse conical. Color — b., black; r. reddish; p. purplish; y., yellow. Quality — g., good; v. g. very good; b., best. Use — M., most profitable for market ; F. M., of value for family and market ; F., mostly valued for the family dessert. Sea- son— E., early; L., late; M., medium. Origin — Am., American ; F., Foreign. and 49° II.— Central Division— between 35° and 42° III.— South. Dlv.— b. 28° & 35° A m a a a Z, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 d o co cu c C i d ~z M 5 OS S cS C o a o d c o M B i. O bo — o * * '= es CO R - CU * # * * i- * * * CU CO 0) % eg IZi * * * * * t. es | 13 * ■ n «8 -3 C CC * * * * * * * s * * cs" C "3 CS a o d # * * * * ** * * * * * * = CT -3 C * * * * * ■ * -' '5 -.r > co * * >'. CJ 3 0) * * ai CU z d ~^c O d C - O 5 o J. * * d '& o a O ■'•:■ * d =" ■s d -r 6 o u 0) H B CO es 1 < 'S. '5 c/. s * * * * * cs B cr 00 '3 C * * * * • CO es •A CU H o' 'H S CU S5 d = o 5 10a 20 Not profitable. 21 Very productive. 22 An old variety, by many thought to be superseded. XXXV111 CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — STRAWBERRIES. XVIII. — STRAWBERRIES The columns explain: Size— 1., large; s., small; m., medium. Sex— H., Hermaphrodite ; P., Pistillate. Color — d. c., deep crimson ; d. s., deep scarlet ; b. s., bright scarlet ; w. t., whitish tinted with red ; I. c, light crimson. Form — r. c, roundish conical ; o. c, obtuse conical or coxcomb form ; c, conical ; r., roundish ; r. o. c, roundish obtuse conical. Flesh — s., soft ; f., firm. Season— E., early; M., medium; L., late; E. L., early to late. Origin— Am., American; F., Foreign. NAMES. DESCRIPTION I.— Northern Division— between 42° a m a a a r, C u oq B. = a to 3 — c p a 53 a S W SE o fc pq = B C = ~ aj a. o o s 1 in a S CO K i-i a ■s U CO H CO o o o fa CO a O : a CD S # * S * — * * * * * - • * * * * * C * s £ 1 1. 1. 1. 1. m. m. 1. 1 p. H. H. H. H. P. P. P d.c. d.c. d.r. d.s. b.s. d.s. I.e. lis r.c. r.c. r.o.c. c. r.c. o.c. r.o.c. r. f. f. f. f. s. f. s. f. M. M. M. M. E. M. M.L. M. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am. Am Am. 9, 3 Black Defiance 4 5 6 7 8 y Ida m. m. 1. 1 H. H. H. H d.s. d.c. bs. lis r.c. c. o.c. r.c. f. f. f. f E.L. E. L. T, Am. Am. Am. Am. * t # * * * • t * t in n V> 13 H 1 s r.c. s. F„ Am. # * 14 1. 1 H. H w.t. I.e. ro.c. r. s. f M. LM, Am. Am. * * * 15 lfi 17 m. 1. H. H. b.s. r. r.o.c. f. f. E.L. M. Am. Am. # n- 18 Peabody 14 1. 1. 1. H. P. II. b.s. r. r. r.o.c. g- o.c. f. s. f. M. M. M. Am. Am. Am. * * * * ^ t ?n 21 22 1. H. I.e. o.c. f. M. F. I • * * * # * 23 1. H. I.e. r.c. f. M. Jf. ■ ■ t * « * 21 1. H. d.c. r.c. f. EL. Am. i . . * * ** * *3 * * ** ** • 8 An old highly valued sort. 9 Very productive. 14 Only valued for the amateur. 17 Extra for canning. 23 Esteemed as a family sort. 24 Poor quality; hardy and productive. CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — STRAWBERRIES. XXXIX X VIII.— STRAWBERRIES The columns explain: Size — 1., large; s., small ; m., medium. Sex — H., Hermaphrodite; P., Pistillate. Color— d. c, deep crimson ; d. s , deep scarlet ; b. s., bright scarlet ; w. t., whitish tinted with red ; 1. c, light crimson. Form — r. c, roundisli conical ; o. c, obtuse conical or coxcomb form ; c, conical ; r., roundish ; r. o. c, roundish obtuse conical. Flesh — s., soft ; f., firm. Season — E., early; M., medium; L., late; E. L., early to late. Origin — Am. American; F., Foreign. md 49° ii. -Central Division —between 35° and 42° II .—South. Dlv. -b. 28° & 35° a a a 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1(5 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 £ o fi > 6 C o c 1. p o be ■-. vt - a * # * * » t * * * t * * >, oj CO U Oi ■^ S * * * # * t * ** t * ** E OS S - # * * d P =8 h * * t * * t ** * - "S '--1 - > # * * * *■•': oi c "3 - Ed o JS o * d 3 * * * *•* t # ** * t ** OS B .2 '<& a M # * * * t * * .2 c 'be c* t> BC M u £ B CD M * ** • ** # o3 0) CO CO 0) B G CO H # * * * • • CO C * * * * t os O M * * * s r. GO i * * # t * oi ,M CO 03 — XI cp * t * *# * * t t * t t * CO 03 'ft B - * t * * •- # t t * t t * • 1 o — - 0 c O - # t * * # t t * t t * * S3 •a 03 > Zi J3 "eel o * ** OS o "c 3 o 3 o 03 * .s * #* # ** ** '5 o o o * * ■i -Sir ** *-*■ 2 E OS os < * ** # ■?* oi 0 s o H s 3 q r— 1 CO « 00 Q « < '3, *« to s * * * # * * * * 03 B .2 '5 o - * * * # * * # * CO o E-i * o - o 2" 3 INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS. Page. Acknowledgment of Donations 33 Address of Mayor Pierce 10 President Strong 17 President Wilder . . . .17, 19, 21, 79, 88 Adjournment 77 Apples, Discussion on 39 New 47 Apple — Alexander ........ 39 American Golden Russet 42 Aucubajfolia ........ 50 Bachelor 40 Baker 48 Bawl's Winter Crab 50 Beauty of Kent 39 Ben Davis 39 Benoni 39 Bevan's Favorite ....... 47 Blenheim or Orange Pippin 48 Bohannan ......... 39 Bradford's Best 48 Buckingham . . ...... 39 Buffington's Early 48 Carolina Red June 40 Chenango Strawberry ....... 40 Clark's Beauty Crab 50 Cogswell 40 Cole's Quince 40 Congress 47, 48 Cooper's Early White 47 Cornell's Fancy 40 Danvers Winter Sweet 40 Davis 48 Dominie 40 Duchess of Oldenburgh 40 Early Harvest 40,41 Early Pennock 41 Early Strawberry . . . . . . . -II Esopus Spitzenberg 41 Evening Party 48 Fallawater 41 Fall Pippin 41 Fall Queen of Kentucky 40 Fameuse 41 Farrar's Summer ........ 48 Fink 48 Foundling 50 Garrettson's Early ....... 47 Geneva Crab 50 1U Page. Apple— Gold Drop Crab 50 Golden Russet of Massachusetts . . . .42 Golden Russet of Western New York ... 42 Golden Sweet 42 Gravenstein 43 Grimes' Golden Pippin 43 Hawthornden 43 Hicks 48 Holden Pippin 49 Holland Pippin 43 Holly 43 Horse 43 Hunt Russet 42 Hurlbut 47 Hyslop Crab 49 Jeffe'ris 43 Jersey Greening 49 Jonathan 43 Julian 47 King of Tompkins County 43 Lady Elgin Crab 50 Lady's Favorite Crab 50 Lawver ......... 43 Lyscom . . ■ .44 Maiden's Blush 43, 44 Mangum 44 McAfee's Nonsuch 47 McLellan 44 Melon 44 Milden or Milding 49 Monmouth Pippin 44 Mother 44 New England Golden Russet 42 Newtown Pippin 44 New York Pippin 39 Northern Spy 46 Orange Pippin 47 Orange Sweet 42 Ortley 45 Park Sweeting 48 Pewaukee 47 Pomme Grise 45 Porter 45 Poughkeepsie or English Russet . . . .42 Primate 45 Queen's Choice Crab 50 Rawle's Genet 45 Red Astrachan 45 xlii INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS. Apple — Red Stripe . Rhode Island Greening Ribston Pippin Robinson's Superb Roman Stem . Rose of Stanstead Crab Roxbury Russet Shiawassee Beauty Shockley . Soulard Stark Stevenson's Winter Summer Pearmain . Swaar .... Sweet Bough . Tolman's Sweet . Taunton . Tetofsky Tewksbury Winter Blush Tift Sweeting Transcendent Crab . Tuttle . Vermont Strawberry Wagener Williams' Favorite . Willis Sweet Willow Twig . Yellow Bellelleur Yellow June York Imperial Arkansas, Report from . Banquet at Music Hall Speech of President Strong President Wilder Governor Washburn President Schatfer Mayor Pierce . Governor Furnas Hon. Leverett Saltonstall Ode, sung by Nelson Varley Speech of Hon. Mr. Daniels Dr. George B. Loring . Rev. Dr. Burnet Hon. William Schley . Dr. William Howsley Rev. Dr. Parker . Thomas Meehan F. R. Elliott .... Closing Speech by President Wilder California, Report from .... Circular calling the meeting of the Society Committee on Credentials .... Executive .... Foreign Fruits General Fruit . To Judge Fruits Native Fruits . Nomination of Officers Phylloxera Record of Fruits Exhibited Revision of Catalogue Page. 48 . 46 46 . 48 46 . 50 46 . 49 46 . 46 48 . 46 39 . 46 41 . 46 46 . 50 46 . 49 49 . 47 47 . 46 46 . 46 46 . 47 49 . 46 121 78 79 79 80 81 82 82 82 83 83 84 85 85 86 86 87 88 116 5 18 9 10 10 20 10 18 66 18 10 Page. Committee — Synonyms and Rejected Fruits ... 10 Transportation of Fruits 77 Connecticut, Report from 100 Crab Apples 49, 50 Deceased Members 28 Delegates, List of 81 Discussion on Apples 39 Grapes 63 Pears 51 Pear Blight 71 Plums 61 Quinces 02 Donations 33,67,68 Essays — Were the Fruits made for man, or did man make the Fruits— Prof. Asa Gray 123 Exhaustion of Fruit Trees and the Causes — P. T. Quinn 124 Pear Culture — Charles M. Hovey .... 126 Grapes — George W. Campbell .... 127 Cultivation of the Fig in the United States — J. Strentzel 129 Influence of the Stock on the Scion, and vice versa — Josiah Hoopes 130 Foreign Fruits, Report on 76 Pears 76 Apricots 76 Peaches 76 Plums 77 Fruits on Exhibition 15 New 25 Georgia, Report from 119 Grapes, Discussion on 63 Essay on — George W. Campbell .... 127 New 65 Seedling 68 Grape — Agawam 63 Alvey 63 Challenge 66 Champion 66 Clinton 63 Concord ......... 63 Croton 63 Cunningham 65 Cynthiana 65 Diana 63 Early Champion 66 Goethe (Rogers' No. 1) 63 Hartford Prolific 63 Herbemont ........ 63, 65 Iona 63 Israella 64 Ives 64 Lindley (Rogers' No. 9) 64 Martha 65 Massasoit (Rogers' No. 3) 64 Maxatavvney 65 Norton's Virginia 65 Rebecca 65 Rogers' No. 39 66 INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS. xliii Page. Grape — Rogers' No. 43 66 Scuppernong 66 Union Village (Ontario) 65 Walter 65 Wilder (Rogers' No. 4) 65 Historical Sketch of the Society 22 Indiana, Report from 109 Influence of the Stock on the Scion, and vice versa — Essay by Josiah Hoopes 130 Invitation from the City of Boston 18 William Gray, Jr 18 H. H. Hunnewell 18 New Jersey State Agricultural Society ... 36 Iowa, Report from Ill Judges of Fruits Exhibited 20 Kansas, Report from 113 Louisiana and Mississippi, Report from . . . 121 Massachusetts, Report from 98 Members — List of 11 Michigan, Report from 101 Mississippi and Louisiana, Report from . . . .121 National Centennial Horticultural Society . . .77 Native Fruits, Report on 73, 75 Apples 73 Pears 75 Peaches 75 Grapes 76 Blackberries 76 Nebraska, Report from 113 Nevada, Report from 115 New Hampshire, Report from 90 New Apples 47 Grapes 65 Pears 60 Nomination of Officers, Committee on . . . . 18 Nova Scotia, Report from 89 Officers and Committees of the Society .... 9 Ohio, Report from 109 Ontario, Report from 100 Opening of Proceedings 17 Oregon, Report from 105 Pear Blight, Report, Discussion and Notes on . . 70,71 Culture, Essay by C. M. Hovey .... 126 Pears, Discussion on 51 Pear — Andre Desportes 61 Belle Lucrative 51 Beurre d'Amanlis ....... 52 Beurre d'Anjou 51 Beurre de l'Assomption 60 Beurre Clairgeau 51 Beurre Diel 52 Beurre Giflard 52 Beurre Langlier 52 Beurre Superfin 52 Page. Pear — Bonne de Puits Ansault 61 Brandy wine 52 Buffum 52 Clapp's Favorite 52 Columbia 52 Dana's Hovey 52 Dearborn's Seedling 53 Dix 53 Dorsoris 61 Doyenne d' Alencon 53 Doyenne Boussock 53 Doyenne du Cornice 53 Doyenne d'Ete ........ 53 Duchesse d'Angouleme ...... 53 Duchesse de Bordeaux ...... 54 Duchesse Precoce ....... 61 Easter Beurre 54 Eastern Belle 61 Emile d'Heyst 54 Eugene Appert 61 Flemish Beauty 54 Fulton 55 Glout Morceau 55 Golden Beurre of Bilboa 55 Goodale ......... 61 Gray Doyenne 55 Henkel 55 Hosenschenk 55 Howell 55 Jalousie de Fontenay Vendee 66 Josephine de Malines . 56 Julienne '56 Kirtland 56 Lawrence . » 56 Louise Bonne of Jersey 56 Madam Treyve 61 Madeleine 56 Manning's Elizabeth ...... 66 Marie Louise 56 Merriam 56 Mount Vernon 57 Nabours 60 Napoleon ......... 57 Nouveau Poiteau 57 Onondaga or Swan's Orange 57 Ott 57 Paradis d'Automne 57 Passe Colmar 57 Pinneo or Boston 57 Pound 57 Rostiezer ......... 57 Rutter 58 Seckel 58 Sheldon 58 Souvenir de Congres ....... 60 Stevens' Genesee 58 St. Michel Archange 58 Supreme de Quimper 58 Therese Appert 61 Urbaniste 58 Vicar of Winkfield 59 Washington ... . . . . . . 59 White Doyenne ........ 59 xliv INDEX TO PKOCEEDINGS. Page. Pear — Windsor or Summer Bell . ... 60 Winter Nelis 59 Phylloxera, Discussion on 66 Places of meeting, 1875 and 1876 35 Plums, Discussion on 61 Plum — Chickasaw 61, 62 De Caradeuc 61 German Prune 61 Indian Chief 61, 62 Jefferson 61 Lombard 62 Miner - . .62 Mountain 61 Newman 61 Rains or Kanawa 62 Richland 62 Smith's Orleans 62 St. Martin's Quetsehe 62 Temple 61, 62 Washington 62 Wild Goose 61, 62 Premium List 7 Premiums, Subject of awarding 37 Awarded for Apples 67 Pears 67 Oranges 69 Objects of special merit 69 Plums 70 Peaches 73 Progress of Pomology 23 Quinces, Discussion on 62 Quince — Angers 62 Chinese 62 Orange 62, 63 Portugal • ... 62 Rea's Seedling 62 Record of Fruits Exhibited, Committee on . . . 18 Report of Committee on Credentials 31 Medal 35 Pear Blight 70 Rejected Fruits and Synonyms ... .36 The Revision of the Catalogue 34 General Fruit Committee 37, 89 Foreign Fruits ........ 76 Native Fruits 73, 75 Seedling Fruits 68 Apples Exhibited 67 Figs and Oranges Exhibited 69 Grapes Exhibited 76 Objects of Special Merit Exhibited . . . .69 Peaches Exhibited 72 Pears Exhibited 67 Plums Exhibited 70 Page. Reports of State Fruit Committees 89 Report from Arkansas 121 California 116 Connecticut 100 Delaware ......... 105 Georgia 119 Indiana 109 Iowa Ill Kansas 113 Louisiana and Mississippi 121 Massachusetts 98 Michigan 101 Nebraska 113 Nevada 115 New Hampshire 90 Nova Scotia 89 Ohio 109 Ontario 100 Oregon 105 Rhode Island 99 South Carolina 117 Tennessee 110 Utah 114 Vermont 91 Virginia ......... 106 Wisconsin 102 Wyoming ......... 10-1 Response of President Wilder 17, 19 Rhode Island, Keport from 99 Secretary pro tern, Election of 30 Seedling Grapes G8, 70 Siberian Apples 49, 50 Society's Catalogue 27 South Carolina, Report from 117 Starring Fruits 37, 39 Standing Committees 9, 10 Tennessee, Report from 110 Thanks, Resolutions of 30, 36, 77 Transportation of Fruits, Committee on . . . .77 Treasurer's Report 33 Utah, Report from 114 Vermont, Reports from 91, 92, 93, 97 Virginia, Report from 106 Visit to William Gray, Jr 36 H. II. Hunnewell 50 Were the Fruits made for man, or did man make the Fruits — Essay by Prof. Asa Gray . . .123 Wisconsin, Report from 102 Wyoming, Report from 104 INDEX TO CATALOGUE. Page. Apples, Explanations, &c. Varieties Apricots Blackberries xvi Cherries Currants XVIII XX Figs Gooseberries . Grapes, Native Foreign Mulberries Nectarines Oranges . Peaches _ Pears Plums Pomegranates xx Quinces XXII xxiv Raspberries Page. XXV XXVI XXVI XXX XXXIV XXV Lemons xxvi Strawberries XXXVIII - . 7 -«,.. . '■•".■ 7 ■ . * "4 #1 & ! - ■ * f • ' ' >v^ w * i ■ ■ * tf*r "to* I