South London entomological and natural history soc, Proceedings, 1908-1909 ¢ ‘Remit he e ° ¢ ° e ° ¢ 2 | ¢ ° e o e e ee roceedings THE SOUTH LONDON -BNTOMOLOGICAL & NATURAL, HISTORY SOCIETY 1908-9. WITH FOUR PLATES. Sanyo, weet al PUBLISHED AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, HIBERNIA CHAMBERS," LONDON Bg pete S.E. PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE NET. : oe HSCS 5\ a: Vlo *> — Prse_ So.Londim Edt dW. Sec \ioS —-4 Book No. ce of the TD i S. EDWARDS, ARRISON, L. RAYWARD, * 3 ok Library of The American Entomological Society SOUTH, Editor, S\N ADLARD AND SON, IMPR,; LONDON AND DORKING ie ~ 4 BAe Py U y-yuus verd 225) ‘sapis Jopun pue Jtoddn “iva apeway—'h “ ‘soy *DIISSD ‘uimyy “fy 49 ‘0,047 A AVI El t Ar ‘sapis Japun pue saddn ‘ajeulay [WAN —'S “I “SOIY tQ SldAdlT i NG Adlard & Son, Imp THE SOUTH LONDON Entomological & Natural History Society (ESTABLISHED 1872) HIBERNIA CHAMBERS, LONDON BRIDGE, S.E. OFFICERS & COUNCIL. 1I908—9 President. ALFRED: SICH, F.E.S. Vice- Presidents. BR CADIEIN, FES. Wail KAYE. FES. @ouncil. S. R. ASHBY, F.E:S. A. M. MONTGOMERY, F.E.S. ECO. A. L. RAYWARD, F.E:S. H. MAIN, B.Sc., F.E.S. R. SOUTH, F.ES. AG Se hON GE. EES: Yon. Curator. Hon. Librarian. W. WEST (Greenwich). A. W. DODS. Hon. Treasurer. T. W. HALL, F.E.S., 61, West Smithfield, London, E.C. Hon. Secretaries. =: EDWARDS, F.L-S., F.Z:S:, F.E.S., &e: (General Sec:), 15, St. German’s Place, Blackheath, S.E. H. J. TURNER, F-E‘S. (Report Sec.), 98, Drakefell Road, Néw Cross, S.E. Aa | KWERICAN he 4 ae A £ a er THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, HIBERNIA CHAMBERS, LONDON BRIDGE, S.E. The Society has for its object the diffusion of Biological Science, by means of Papers and Discussions, and the formation of Typical Collec- tions. There is a Library for the use of Members. Meetings of the Members are held on the 2nd and 4th Thursday evenings in each month, from Eight to Ten p.m., at the above address. The Society’s Rooms are easy of access from all parts of London, and the Council cordially invites the co-operation of all Naturalists, especially those who are willing to further the objects of the Society by reading Papers and exhibiting Specimens. PRDRARAAAD ADDN DDI SUBSCRIPTION. Seven Shillings and Sixpence per Annum, with an Entrance fee of Two Shillings and Sixpence. All Communications to be addressed to the Hon. Gen. Secretary, STANLEY EDWARDS, F.L.S., &c., 15, St. German’s Place, Blackheath, S.E. PAST PRESIDE Nags 1872 ... J. R. WELLMAN (dec.). 1890 ... J.T. CARRINGTON, F.L.S. (dec.). I 71g ae : | 1891 ... W. H. TuGwe t, Pu.C. (dec.). WO7Amete _ | 1892)... €. 1G. BARRETT GEES; (dees): THEIR, sao JANe 18s IVAN, IBID SS. 1893. 4.. Jo}. WEIR, Bel Sieetcadecs): 1876 ... ae We StOVA, con Baisunoe, IN ILeS- iitsi727) sone lo ley LBYuRUDAEIES | 1605). 0. WablAnr Habeas 1878 ... J. T. WiLxiams (dec.). | 1896 ... R. Soutu, F.E.S. 1879 ... R. STANDEN, F.E.S. 1897 ... R. ADKIN, F-E-S. 1880 ... A. FICKLIN (dec.). 1808... |. Wo Dori Bes: TeOl ee VR PERKINS, Eas: 1899 ... A. Harrison, F.L.S., ete. 1362) 4, 0. Birturs, FES. 1900... W. |. Lucas, BeAwiabaS 1883 ... J. R. WELLMAN (dec.). 1901 ... H.S. FREMLIN, F.E.S., etc. TOO4 ea VARVVIE'SIs DESs 1902) 2-H. INOADNGLARKS 1885 ... R. Soutn, F.E.S. 1903). E. STEP, Bales: 1886 ... R. Apxin, F.E.S. 1904... SIGH. Ee BaSe TOS 7a | 1905) 4.2 Hl. Main, (B:Scyehebase itetstel no, Ahn IR. BILuups, PES: 1906 ... R. Apkin, F.E.S. 1889 ... | MOA S53 LQ0Siree SIGH. HESS: LIS. OF Viet hs. ——eoe——_ Chief subjects of Study :—’, Hymenoptera ; 0, Orthoptera; e, Hemiptera ; n, Neuroptera; c, Coleoptera; d, Diptera; 7, Lepidoptera; oo/, Oology; orn, Ornithology; 7, Reptilia; m, Mollusca; cr, Crustacea; 6, Botany; mz, Microscopy; e, signifies Exotic forms. YEAR OF ELECTION. 1886 ADKIN, B.W., F.E.S., Trenowith, Hope Park, Bromley, Kent. J OEM: 1882 ADKIN, R., F.E.S., Vice-President, Wellfield, 4, Lingard’s Road, Lewisham, S.E. 72. tgor1 ADKIN, R. ARMSTRONG, 4, Lingard’s Road, Lewisham, | 7. 1908 ADLARD, R. E., Bartholomew Close, E.C. 1907 ALDERSON, JOHN, 143, Boundaries Road, Balham, S.W. /. 1907 ANDREWS, H. W., Shirley, Welling, Kent. d. 1903 ANsoRGE, E. C., 12, Addison Road, Bedford Park, W. Z tg01 ARMSTRONG, RICHARD R., 55, Granville Park, Lewisham, Suny’. eZ 1895 ASHBY, SIDNEY R., F.E.S., 119, Greenvale Road, Eltham Park, Kent. 2. 1895 AsHDOowN, W. J., Belmont Road, Leatherhead. J, ¢, Ze. 1888 1872 1908 1896 1887 1900 1907 1g09 1905 1905 1897 Atmore, E. A., F.E.S., 48, High Street, King’s Lynn, Nor- folk. 2. Avesury, The Right Hon. Lord, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.E.S., etc., High Elms, Down, nr. Farnborough, Kent (Hon. member). hi, b. Baker, P. N., 141, Chandos Road, Stratford, E. 2 BaRneTT, Tuos. L., 81, Royal Hill, Greenwich, S.E. 7. BaRREN, H. E., 46, Lyndhurst Road, Peckham, S.E. 72 BARRETT, J. P., Endwell Road, New Cross, S.E. 2. Barter, H. W., 5, Brunswick Road, Camberwell, S.E. JZ, 4. BauMANN, R. T., Normanhurst, Chingford. 7 BELLAMY, F. G., i Bevins, W., Z, BisHop, E. B., 2, Hunter Road, Guildford. / iv YEAR OF ELECTION. 1898 1895 1902 1905 1887 18gI 1887 1895 1898 1900 1909 1897 1890 1888 1889 1886 1899 1899 1897 1888 1896 1879 1899 1907 1902 1899 1885 1898 1888 1900 Buss, M. F., Coningsburgh, Montpelier Road, Ealing. 2. Bowman, K., The May Sharp Construction Co., Ltd., Edmon- ton, Alta, Canada. /. Boxer, Cc. Re L., 151, Burnt Ash Milly Weems. 7 BRIAULT, G. H., 6, Burlington Gardens, Acton, W. /. Brices; C: ‘Al; FE.S:, Rock House, Lynmouth, ose N. Devon. 24 m, x, 0, British fishes. Briccs, H. Mean, 8, High Street, Canterbury. Z, orn. Brices, T. H., M.A., F.E.S., Rock House, Lynmouth, R.S.0O., IN: Devon. 7. Brooks, W., Thundercliffe Grange, near Rotherham. Z BroomE, E. G., Hurst Vicarage, Twyford, Berks. 72. Browne, G. B., 43, Southbrook Road, Lee, S.E. 72 Buckstong, A. A. W., 18, Burlington Lane, Chiswick, W. 7. Burr, Maccorm B., B.A., F.Z.S., F.L.S., F.E.S., 23, Blomfield Court, Maida Vale, W. ao. BuT Ler, W. E., F.E.S., Hayling House, Oxford Road, Reading, pata CanspDaLE, W.D., F.E.S., Sunny Bank, South Norwood,S.E. 72. Cant, A., F.E.S., 33, Festing Road, Putney, S.W. J, mi. CARPENTER, J. H., F.E.S., Redcot, Belmont Road, Leather- head, Surrey. 7. Carr, F. B., 46, Handen Road, Lee, S.E. 72. Carr, F. M. B., 46, Handen Road, Lee, S.E. 7/, z. CuHapMan, T. A., M.D., F.E.S., F.Z.S., Betula, Reigate, Surrey. /. CHITTENDEN, D., 14, Limes Grove, Lewisham, S.E. 7. Crark, F. Noap, Paddington Infirmary, Harrow Road, WwW. mi. CLopE, W. (Life member). CoLtTHRup, C. W., 127, Barry Road, E. Dulwich, S.E. Z. Coor,F. ).. oO Cownam, F. W., 118, Minard Road, Hither Green, S.E. Z CrabtreEE, B, H., Cringle Lodge, Levenshulme, Manchester. Z. CRoKEr, A. J., Hurst Farm, Fleming, Saskatchewan, Canada. /. Crow, E. J., 26, Tindal Street, North Brixton. 2 Dawson, W. G., 31, King’s Gardens, West End Lane, Hamp- stead, N.W. (Life member). 7. Day, F. H., 26, Currock Terrace, Carlisle. Lue. V YEAR OF ELECTION. 1889 1906 1884 IQOI 1904 1886 1886 1887 1889 1907 1886 1903 1899 Igol 1884 £999 1908 1902 1908 1904 1893 1888 1884 Dennis, A.W., 56, Romney Buildings, Millbank, S.W. 4 mz, d. Dopson, A. A., Ivy House, Acacia Grove, New Malden, Surrey. J, orn. Dosson, H. T., F.E.S., Ivy House, Acacia Grove, New Malden, Surrey. 4, orz. Dons, A. W., Hon. Librarian, 51, Grayling Road, Stoke Newington, N. 7. East, F. J., 69, Cazenove Road, Stamford Hill. 2 Epwarbps, S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S., on. Sec, 15, St. German’s Place, Blackheath, S.E. 7, eZ. PINOGK, Ee, Balto, Hel.o., FoR. Moo. FR. ES., 13, Tutnell Park Road, Holloway, N. a, mz. FLETCHER, W. H. B., M.A., F.E.S., Aldwick Manor, Bognor, Sussex (Lzfe member). 7. Forp, A., South View, Irving Koad, West Southbourne, Bournemouth, Hants. JZ ¢. FounTAINE, Miss MarGaret E., F.E.S., Orrisdale, Florida Road, Durban, Natal. 72 FREMLIN, H. S., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.E.S., Government Lymph Laboratories, Colindale Avenue, The Hyde, N.W. Z, mt. FurnivalL, T. F., 86, Minet Avenue, Harlesden, N.W. 7. GaDGE, S. W., 59, Frankfort Road, Herne Hill, S.W. 7, Garrett, H. E., 3, Brewers Green Mews, W. Z. Gisp, L., 148, St. James Street, Montreal, Canada (Zzfe member). 0. Gipps, A. E., Kitchener’s Meads, St. Albans, Herts. 7. Gorrr, E. R., 46, Vardens Road, Wandsworth Common, Sw, 2 GouLTon, E. C., Stanmore House, Clifton Crescent, Sutton, Surrey. /. GREEN, E. D., 17, Manor Park, Lee, S.E. 2 Grosvenor, T. H. L., 8, Gloucester Road, Redhill, Surrey. 2. HALE, oe EOE.S., 16; Park Hill Rise, Croydon, Surrey. Z, el, ool. Hatt, A.E., F.E.S., Cranfield House, Southwell, Notts. 7. Hatt, T. W., F.E.S., Hon. Treasurer, Stanhope, The Crescent, Croydon, Surrey ; and 61, West Smithfield, E.C. 2 vil YEAR OF ELECTION. i891 Hamm, A. H., 22, Southfields Road, Oxford. 72. 1906 Hammonp, L., 38, Mercer’s Road, Tufnell Park, N. 7 1906 HanpisyDE, B., 70, Butler Road, Harrow. /. 1903 Harz, E. J., F.E.S., Dunham, Boscombe, Hants. / 1892 Harrison, A., F.C.S., F.L.S., F.E.S., F-R.MCS., Thames 1902 £909, 1909 1900 1903 1905 1888 1907 1888 1889 1886 1887 1904 1886 1898 1900 1900 1003 1gOI 1896 1890 1892 1886 Sugar Refinery, Silvertown, E., and Delamere, Grove Road, S. Woodford, Essex. 7, mz. Harry, S. P., 29, Rowfant Road, Balham, S.W. 7. Hemminc, Mrs. Cetia U. H., Cambridge Lodge, Horley, Surrey. /. HemMincG, ARTHUR F., Cambridge Lodge, Horley, Surrey. 2 HewiIrt, R. L., ‘“‘Hlabisa” Coalfield, Natal, S. Africa. 2. HickMaN, J., 21, Raleigh Road, Penge, S.E. 2. ora, Es 2. orville: Koad, duce. (37. Hitiman, T. S., F.E.S., Eastgate Street, Lewes, Sussex. 7. Hopecson, G. C., M.D., Stoneleigh, Redhill, Surrey. 2. Hopkins, H. E., 31, Farnaby Road, Bromley, S.E. 7. Horne, A., F.E.S., 60, Gladstone Place, Aberdeen. /. JAGER, J., 65, St. Quentin’s Avenue, North Kensington, W. 7. JENNER, J. H. A., F.E.S., 209, School Hill, Lewes, Sussex. DGnd Ht: Joy, E. C., 34, Fairholt Road, Stoke Newington. 7. Kane, W. F. bE V., M.A., F.E.S., MIR: LA Dadmans Sittingbourne, Kent. 7, mz, marine invertebrata. Kaye, W. J., F.E.S., Vice-President, Caracas, Ditton Hill, Surbiton, Surrey. Z. Kenp, S. W., B.A., F.E.S., 37, Trinity College, Dublin. Z c. KirKALpy, G. W., F.E.S., Honolulu, Hawaii. ex. rhym. ; Jresh. arth. ; ethnology. LisTER, W. K., Great Walton, Eastry, Kent. 7. LowgE, F., 92, Hurlingham Road, Fulham, S.W. Z Lucas, W. J., B.A., F.E.S., 28, Knight’s Park, Kingston-on- Thames. JZ, 0, 2, mi. McArruor, H., 35, Averill Street, Fulham, W. 7, Main, H., B.Sc., F.E.S., Almondale, Buckingham Road, S. Woodford, Essex. 7. MANGER, W. T., 100, Manor Road, New CrossyS.E. Wana vill YEAR OF ELECTION. 1889 MANSBRIDGE, W., F.E.S., 4, Norwich Road, Wavertree, Liverpool. 1885 Mera, A. W., 79, Capel Road, Forest Gate, E. 72. 1881 Mies, W. H., F.E.S., The New Club, Calcutta, India. mz, d. 18096 1880 1889 1904 1906 Epes 1892 1906 1906 1905 1908 I9OI 1880 1888 _ 1899 1887 1903 1897 1903 1902 1887 1904 MONTGOMERY, ARTHUR M., F.E.S., 34, Shalimar Gardens, Pembridge Road, N. Acton, W. 2. MonrTieERo, SENoR, A. A. DE C., F.E.S., 70, Rua do Alecrim, Lisbon. Moore, H., F.E.S., 12, Lower Road, Rotherhithe, S.E. 7 &, Lh Ob Oke Cay. Uk: Moors, H. W., 34, Farnaby Road, Shortlands, Kent. 7 NeEwnay, L. W., Salisbury Road, Bexley, Kent. 7. OVENDEN, J., Post Office, Frindsbury, Rochester. 2. PANNELL, C., East Street, Haslemere. Conchology. Pay_er, D., 41, Cavendish Gardens, Trouville Road, Clapham Parke os Wise nee PayNE, WALLACE, 4, Stella Road, Mitcham Lane, S.W. 2 PENN-GASKELL, W. W., Halcyon Lodge, Lyford Road, Wands- worth Common, S.W. PENNINGTON, F., Manning’s Hill, Cranleigh, Surrey. 2 Pepper, A. W., The Horniman Museum, Forest Hill, S.E. mz. Perkins, V. R., F.E.S., Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire. Lhe a: Perks, F. P., 22, May’s Buildings, St. Martin’s Lane Charing Cross, W.C. soology, mt, pond life. PickIN, J. R., 14, Industry Terrace, Brixton, S.W. 72 Porritt, G. T., F.L.S., F.E.S., Elm Lea, Dalton, Hudders- field. JZ, 2. Pratt, W. B., 10, Lion Gate Gardens, Richmond, Surrey. 7. Prest, E. E. B., Arva, Dakers Road, Forest Hill. 7 PrISKE, R. A. R., F.E.S., 9, Melbourne Avenue, W. Ealing, WWigay 4, 272: Raywarp, A. L., F.E.S., 3, Albert Mansions, Lansdowne Road, Croydon, Surrey. 7. Rick, D. J., 8, Grove Mansions, North Side, Clapham Com- mon, S.W. orz. RIcHARDS, PERcy, Wellesley Cottage, Kingston Hill, Surrey. vill YEAR OF ELECTION. 1g06 1go2 1908 1887 1894 1888 eked) 1887 goo 1904 1890 1898 1888 1906 1902 oe 1898 aye 3 1908 1899 1890 1890 1882 1908 1873 1908 RicuMmonp, B. A., M.B., B.Sc., 28, Lower Road, Rotherhithe, SK. 7. Ruitey, E. F., 94, Drakefield Road, Upper Tooting, S.W. 2. Ritey, N. D., 94, Drakefield Road, Upper Tooting, S.W. 2 Rosinson, A., B.A., 5, King’s Bench Walk, Temple, E.C. 2 Ropinson, Leicu, Parliament Mansions, Victoria Street, Westminster, London, S.W. 2 Rosson, H., 9, Trump Street, E.C. Z 6. Ronpg, J. H., R.E., Cranham Lodge, Croydon Road, Reigate. 7. Rourt_ence, G.B., F.E.S., Tarn Lodge, Heads Nook, Carlisle. Live: RowbDEN, ALFD. OLIVER, 4, St. John’s Road, Exeter. 4 6. Row.anp-Browy, H., F.E.S.,Oxhey Grove, Harrow Weald. 2. Rowntree, J. H., Folkton Manor, Ganton, Yorks. 2 RussELL, A., F.E.S., Wilverley, Dale Road, Purley. 7/. SauzE, H. A., 22, Earlsthorpe Road, Sydenham, S.E. 7. ScHoon, J. W., 2, St. Luke’s Road, Bayswater, W. Z. SCOLLICK, A. J., F.E.S., 8, Mayfield Road, Merton Park, Wimbledon, S.W. 7. SHAKESPEARE, J. J., St. Mary’s, Cobham Road, Kingston-on- Thames. /. Sicu, Aur., F.E.S., Pres¢dent, Corney House, Chiswick, W. 7. SMALLMAN, R.5., F.E.S., Wressil Lodge, Wimbledon Common, W. 7. SmitH, B. H., The Eyrie, Crown Hill, Upper Norwood, Sel 7. SMITH, E. W., 16, Tresco Road, Linden Grove, S.E. 2 SMITH, WALTER, 6, Exmouth Villas, Hampton Hill, Middle- Sex.) vs Situ, WILLIAM, 13, St. Merren Street, Paisley. 2. Sours, R., F.E.S., 96, Drakefield Road, Upper Tooting,S.W. 2. SPERRING, C. W., Westcombe Hill, Blackheath. 7. STANDEN, R., F.L.S., F.E.S., Townlands, Lindfield, Sussex (Life member). 1. StAusyn, J. S. Tregothnan, Endlesham Road, Balham, S.-W. 2. 1X YEAR OF ELECTION, 1872 STEP, E., F.L.S., Oakwood House, Barnett Wood Lane, pesntead. Surrey. 6, m, orn, ¢r. 1909 STONE, F. J., 141, Bedford Road, Clapham, S.W. Z. 1902 STONELL, B., 25, Studley Road, Clapham, S.W. 7. 1894 TARBAT, Rev. J. E., M.A., Fareham, Hants. J ool. t904 THompson, A. B., Garlands, Redhill, Surrey. 2. 1895 Totuurst, J., Glenbrook, Beckenham, Kent. /. 1902 Toncr, A. E., F.E.S., Aincroft, Grammar School Hill, Reigate. )7 1895 TunaLey, Hy., F.E.S., 13, Becmead Avenue, Streatham, Sow. 2.2: 1887 TuRNER, H. J., F.E.S., Hon. Report Secretary, 98, Drakefell RoadsNew Cross, SsB. 2 617, 2e, 0. 1886 Tutt, J. W., F.E.S., Rayleigh Villa, Westcombe Hill, Blackheath, S.E. 4 continental 2. 1887 VERRALL, G. H., F.E.S., Sussex Lodge, Newmarket. d. 1889 VINE, A. C., 45, Temple Street, Brighton, Sussex. /. 1889 WaInwRIGHT, C. J., F.E.S., 45, Handsworth Wood Road, Handsworth, Staffs. 7. 1880 WALKER,-J. J., M.A., F.LS., F.E.S., “‘ Aorangi,” Lonsdale Road, Summertown, Oxford. JZ ¢. 1886 WALSINGHAM, The Right Hon. Lord, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., FLE.S.,, F.Z.So08.E.S:, é&e:., Merton! Hall} Thetford, Norfolk (Hon. member). 1, orn. 1907 WATERER, W. J., 19, Adelaide Road, Brockley, S.E. 2. 1888 WEBB, S., 9, Waterloo Crescent, Dover. 7. 1872 West, W., Hon. Curator, 8, Morden Hill, Lewisham Road, Sabie. 62, 6, Aes 1878 West, W., L.D.S., Holmwood, Barnett Wood Lane, Ashtead, Surrey. 4, mz. 1887 WuHIFFEN, W. H., Holmwood Lodge, Laton Road, Hastings. 2. 1905 WINKWORTH, J. T., 290, Burdett Road, E. 7. 1905 WRIGHT, J., 30, Coleman Street, Woolwich, S.E. 7. Members will greatly oblige by informing the Hon. Sec. of any errors, additions, or alterations in the above Addresses and descriptions. Oy [De itges 9 ray Ona at ge sss “ epUnY Ese) WO1j S99,J VoUeIIUA | QF -Zrgieee s ale ee: re 2r5 aS SOuBleq) Oy) 0) sor oa = Bo “+ LO61 wosj souRleg le pis: AF ‘ganqipuagxay WS ne “s9GiaIay ENO Y jas Nadas Ms o S$ Gly OSS O27 (5 v c wee one wae ae on oe aouRrleq i Ou Onacem 0s ae oa ue puny gt 07 330A “ Ci ii g/z ye 11 ‘saayq eouerjUq ‘ O) © Gi ae be puny uorleorqng 03 930A “ @) i ii “* QOURAPR UI paAlaood eee st Q OF @ sp *uOIUA ySYA-YINOS 03 uoNdiIosqng “ oy ge aS peAtaoo1 suotdriosqng jo Sau ary) we @ fi aly EDELISS oe iBata39 soo,J vouRIjuq “ @) bx i CO} rg a snit s x SO) : oY aoueinsuy “ O 6) O -/9“ 1 ss ss oS) Ss VCCI NLS Ee ‘K19UOTIeYS ‘asejsog “ Oo O1Z —/S “ o1 s i i. 0 O12 ‘ae au0 aouRpuany “ O) ta As o/4 ae 16 ‘paatavar suondiiosqng “ @Q © Se qeak 9uo Joy oy oy | g 1 Zl “+ /o61 wos sourjeg Ag Way PR Ge ‘aANqIpUuagx 7 (OS ee GQGNNa AVAPNAD ‘9001 MPYHA AHL WOH LAAHS-AINVTVI - “KaETOOS AMOMSTH THADAHN ANH THODOTONOANA NeadNoel Hines AH N N ‘p Ke) Se OL ORO ‘MYVID GVON ‘dad ‘GUVMAVA "TV . ‘6061 ‘tuvnuvg yo Aep pale Sty} 491109 punoy pue payipny ‘SHOJIpn Py { Gh | oo SOF | - : PO espe ules sey ‘suotjdiiosqng jo sieaiy “ | [An (0) ‘puny uoneojqng “ Wy O10 Oo puny Areaqry sourjeg “ (0) Y4ie tke junoossy asuedsng “ Ge SG: uOy ogo site fe sourjeg OF | & % G puny [e1auany ‘voueleg Ag Sie EL ETE | er eS sa ‘SJOSSYV Satnav GNV SLASSV bi ESS go L LF FI O soue[eg 0 © of puny jetouer) WOIz 90 A OI Iv _suoroesuery ,, L061 105 penOB Ves aysiuy | o § © fH seluyjetaze tea 5 JO safes ‘ gl Fr Be cae : Zo61 ‘aourreg Wqeq OL 0) Gite “~~ suoijeuod fa Sime DASE yo SF RY TLEEEDY aNnd NOt vet Tad i {85% @) i yr oe) aourjeq “ | T=) (Gucrpoe {| ay) etegganuray | ia seers) key 0} uondisosqns “| ao) ‘(ueleiqry) asejsog “ | 0 Oo € Puna [esetia u033 210A | S10 Zo61 woz sourjeg yqeq OL @) i 6) ao. * saul lig i es adn Ipuagx 7 ye OS) Ge "s9J199 dM GN Adv aa t REPORT OF THE (\COUNCHIE, gar [a presenting the Thirty-seventh Annual Report, the Council has pleasure in stating that the affairs of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society still continue in a satisfactory condition. During the year eight new Members have been elected, while eight names have been taken from the list. Of these five have been removed by death, and there have been three resignations. The Membership thus stands as follows: 2 Honorary, 5 Life, 31 Country, and 130 Ordinary Members, making a total of 168. As will be evident from the Treasurer’s Report and Balance Sheet, our finances continue in the satisfactory position that has marked them throughout the long term of Mr. T. W. Hall’s judicious management. The Meetings have been well attended, and Mr. Dennis, the Recorder, reports that there has been an average attend- ance of thirty-two Members at the twenty-three meetings held. At the Special Exhibition Meeting in November last seventy-nine Members and friends attended. As in previous years, the Society is much indebted to Mr. F. Noad Clark for his skilful working of the lantern, which has been in use ON various occasions. Mr. West, the Hon. Curator, reports as follows: ‘‘ With regard to the Collections, I have been fortunate in the number of contributions received for the Cabinets. The Macro-Lepidoptera is now fairly represented, but a few species are still required to make the series complete. A list will shortly appear on the notice-board showing our present requirements. As many of them are very rare, it Xl would be well if, failing British examples, we could have Continental specimens as representatives ; they would be very useful to many of our younger Members. The following gentlemen have contributed a number of fine specimens, which have replaced poor specimens which the Cabinet formerly contained. Macro-Lepidoptera: Mr. C. G. Brown, Mr. A. HARRISON, Mr. L. W. NEwman, Mr. A. L. Raywarp, Mr. A. E. ToNGE, and Mr. West (Ashtead). Mr. R. ADKIN has contributed very largely to the Micros, many species being from the late Mr. C. G. BARRETT’S collection. Mr. Asusy, British species of Coleoptera. Mr. McARTHUR, a few Scotch Coleoptera. Mr. West (of Greenwich), several British Hemiptera.” The usual ‘‘ Abstract of Proceedings” was published in May, and consisted of a volume of 114 pages and five plates. There have been six Field Meetings held during the year, as follows : May 30th.—OxsuHoTT. Conductor: Mr. STEP. June zoth.—Box Hitt. Conductor: Mr. TURNER. July 1rith—RaNnMORE ComMMON. Conductor; Mr. EDWARDS. July 25thByFLEEet. Conductors: Messrs. EDWARDS and SICH. September rgth.—CLayGATE. Conductor: Mr. TURNER. October roth.—OxsHotTr (Fungus Foray). Conductor: Mr. Sep. In addition to the above, a meeting was held on March 28th at the Natural History Museum, South Kensington, when Dr. A. SMITH-WoopwWaARD, F.R.S., conducted the Mem- bers over the Department of Fossil Reptilia. Whilst three of the Field Meetings were well attended, the others showed a marked falling off in numbers. Mr. Dons, the Librarian, reports that the books still continue to be largely used for reference on meeting nights although fewer have been borrowed for home use during the year. X1V The following is a list of additions which have been made since the last Annual Meeting : Books. “ The London Catalogue of Plants,” Tenth Edition, from Mr. F. J]. HANBURY. “British Lepidoptera,” vol. ix, by J. W. Tutt, from Mr. STANLEY EDWARDS. ‘‘ British Annelids,” Ray Society, by Purchase. ‘‘Forest Entomology,” by GILLANDERS, from Mr. R. ADKIN. ‘* Monograph of British Spongiide,” Ray Society, from Mr. R. ADKIN. “‘ British Oak Galls,” by CONNOLD, from Mr. A. SIcu. “Tnjurious Insects, 1879 Report,” by ORMEROD, from Mr. ROWLAND-BROWN. “Wayside and Woodland Ferns,” by E. STEP, from Mr. W. F. WARNE. . ‘* Moths of the British Isles,” vol. u, by R. Soutu, from Mr. W. F. WARNE. Periodicals. ‘‘ Entomologist,” from Mr. R. SOUTH. ‘* Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,” from Mr. W. W. WALKER. ‘Trish Naturalist,” by Exchange. ‘Rochester Naturalist,” by Exchange. “Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France,” by Exchange. “Canadian Entomologist,” by Exchange. ‘‘Bolletino Lab. Zool. Portici,” by Exchange. ‘Philippine Journal of Science,” by Exchange. ‘““La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes,’”’ two vols., from Mr. ROWLAND-BROWN. Annual Reports and Transactions. “Smithsonian Institute,” by Exchange. “Transactions of the Texas Academy of Science,” by Exchange. XV “‘The Essex Naturalist,” by Exchange. “The Entomological Society of Ontario,” Report of, from Mr. LAcHLAN GIBB. “Wisconsin Academy of Science,’’ Report of, by Exchange. ““New Mexico College of Science,” Bulletin of the, by Exchange. “The Norfolk and Norwich Natural Science Society,” by Exchange. “South HEastera® Union® of Scientific Societies,’’-iby Exchange. “‘ Horniman’s Museum,” 1907, by Exchange. Pamphlets and Separata. Life of inne.” “Linné and his Works.”’ “Address to the Entomological Society of London,” 1905 (POULTON). ‘“* Manual of the Agricultural Department of India.”’ ‘‘A Trip to Corsica and the Alpes Maritimes,” ROoWLAND- BRowN. ** Lycena orbitulus,’ ROWLAND-BRown. “Notes on Scandinavian and Lapland Butterflies,” ROWLAND-Brown. “Catalogue of the Diptera of Hertfordshire,’ from Mr. BARRAND. To Mr. Dops, for his unremitting attention to the Library, the best thanks of the Society are due. The following ‘‘ Papers’? were read during the past Session : February .13th.—Mr. H. S. FREmLIN, M.R.C.S., etc., “The Effects of Physical and Chemical Agencies on Lepi- doptera, being the Results of Experiments made in 1906-7.”’ May 14th.—Mr. A. H. Jones, F.E.S., “ Notes on Hun- garian Butterflies.” May 28th.—Mr. GILBERT Arrow, F.E.S., “Origin and Use of Horns in Coleoptera.”’ June 25th.—Mr. R. Apkin, F.E.S., “Report of the XV1 Delegates who represented the Society at the Conference of the South Eastern Union of Scientific Societies held at Hastings in June.” August 27th.—Mr. H. S. FRemiLin, M.R.C.S:, etc., ‘“‘ Insects as Carriers of Disease.” October 8th.—Mr. W. J. Kaye, F.E.S., ‘ Orchids.” January 14th.—Professor BATESON, F.R.S., gave a most interesting address with lantern illustrations on “ Men- delism.” There were also a number of detailed notes and short papers on exhibits made at most of the Meetings. The Effects of Physical and Chemical Agencies on Lepidoptera. (Being a record of experiments made in 1906 and 1907.) By H. S. Fremuin, M.R.C.S., F.E.S. ead February 13th, 1908. I wIsH again to bring before your notice some experiments that I have made on the pupze of Lepidoptera. The only species that I have to speak of this evening are Vanessa urtice and Abraxas grossulariata. The total number of pupz experimented with was 2021, of which 1105 were wrtice and 916 were grossulariata. ‘The pupz were not selected from special batches of larva, but, as I understand, the larvee were merely collected from any place in which they happen to have occurred in the wild state. I received the pupz as soon as possible after their change from larvee, and they were placed in the experimental jars on the day they were received. The following are the conditions in which the pupz were placed: PHYSICAL. CHEMICAL. Nitric acid. Water. Hydrochloric acid. Chloride of lime. 98°4° F. Sulphur. Hydrogen sulphide. Bisulphide of carbon. Controls of the above were kept in all cases. The pupz were all kept in glass jars on moss litter, into which sticks were placed for the imagines to crawl on when they emerged. The jars were at first covered with tightly-fitting lids, but it was found that these coverings allowed of no evaporation of moisture, and the result was that in some cases moulds grew over both pupz and moss litter so that it was necessary to admit air, and this was done either by sliding the cover off a little, or by replacing it with a covering of muslin. The reagents used were kept in an open bottle standing in the moss litter beside the pupz, save in the cases of water and sulphur. In the case of water the moss litter on which the pupz were placed was moistened, and further, a bottle or tube of water was kept in the jar, and by these means the atmosphere in the jar. was constantly saturated. 1 2 The sulphur, in form of powder, was run in a thick layer all over the bottom of the jar and was then covered with the moss litter. To be sure that vapour of SO, was given off the jar was from time to time placed in a little hot water, or a little sulphur was burnt in it. Now, in giving you the results, four important points will be especially noticed: The number of normal imagines ; the number of cripples ; the colour changes in the wings ; the number dead. The following are the details of the experiments : PHYSICAL CONDITIONS. WATER. Vanessa urtice. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 122 67 28 56, or 45 per cent. You will see that several of the butterflies were cripples. The colour of the wings was, in a few instances, a little less bright than the controls. A. grossulariata. Total number. Hatched. Crippled. Died. 147 15 4 132, Or go per cent. The pupz were very much affected by the moisture, as the above figures show, the death-rate being exceedingly high. No special change, however, was observed in the colour of the wings. 98°4° FAHRENHEIT. V. urtice. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 103 20 7] 3, or So per cent. The high death-rate here given is really not sufficiently accurate, as thirteen of the twenty that emerged came out within twenty-four hours of being introduced into the incubator, which probably means that they were so nearly mature that the temperature had but little opportunity to act on them. Omitting the twenty the figures would have been : Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. (83 | 2 76, Or g1°5 per cent. This shows that the continuous high temperature acts very un- favourably on these pupze. No colour changes were noted on the butterflies. A. grossulariata. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. gi fe) fo) QI, Or 100 per cent. 3 In this species the total number died. This result must, I think, be attributed to the temperature only. I was most careful to avoid either excessive humidity, which would have caused decomposition, or excessive dryness, in which they must have perished from extrac- tion of water from their bodies. That temperature alone should be so fatal I was not prepared for. I do not know whether continuous high temperature acts in the same way on other species. CHEMICAL CONDITIONS. Nitric AcIp. V. urtice. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 166 64 22 102, or 61 per cent. A large number of wztice died in pupe, and a third of those that emerged were cripples; those that developed their wings showed little if any change in colour. A. grossulariata. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 140 82 15 58, Or 41 per cent. The mortality was somewhat above the controls, but not very noticeably. The black colour on the wings has in some instances given place to a deep grey. Hyprocuioric ACID. V. urtice. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 169 83 21 86, or 51 per cent. Half the pupze failed to emerge, but no great excess were cripples. The main feature of interest is the change in the colour of the wings, the normal Indian red colour being replaced, in some instances more or less completely, by a dirty grey. ‘This variation occurs more frequently in the upper wings, but is seen also in the lower. I should be interested to know whether varieties of this particular colouring occur naturally, and if so in what neighbourhood, as facts of this sort would possibly give us further knowledge of the cause of variations. A. grossulariata. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 139 80 10 59, Or 42 per cent. This species shows no noteworthy feature. CHLORIDE OF LIME. V. urtice. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 7 4 fe) 3, OF 43 per cent. I much regret that I have only tried the effect of this reagent on seven pupe. Of the four that emerged one shows the same pigmentary changes that occurred in the hydrochloric acid jar. A. grossulariata. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. IOI 75 4 26, or 25 per-cent. Nothing worthy of comment occurred among the specimens that emerged. SULPHUR. V. urtice. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 134 Eo. 28 82, or 61 per cent. The death-rate was high among these pupe and over half of those that emerged were cripples. No alteration was observed in the colours on the wings. A. grossulariata. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 72 27 10 45; Or 63 (percent Sulphur also caused rather a high mortality in this species. The chief feature, however, is the large number that showed an increase of black pigment on the wings; this occurs rather as a suffusion than as an increase in size of the normal black markings. HYDROGEN SULPHIDE. V. urtice, Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 176 28 5 148, or 84 per cent. The effect of this gas was disastrous to the pupe. However, those that emerged showed but few cripples, and the colour of the wings was normal. A. grossulariata. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. IOI 28 28 73, OF 72 per cent. Here several pupz were destroyed ; but the remarkable feature in 5 this experiment is that all those that hatched were cripples. As I mentioned above, only a few w7téce were crippled, so that the result is even more remarkable. This shows, I think, pretty clearly, that such experiments as these in a more extensive form, both in reagents and species, may lead to some developments which will teach us more of the causes that lead to variation. CaRBON BISULPHIDE. V. urtice. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 121 2 I 119, Or 98 per cent. This gas is the most poisonous that I have ever used for u7tice. The two that emerged came out in the first twenty-four hours after the pup were placed in the jar ; so that one may consider that this sulphur compound is absolutely fatal to this species. No A. grossu- Jariata were experimented on with this gas. ; CONTROL. V~. urtice. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 106 55 20 51, or 48 per cent. The large number of this species dying in pupz and the high percentage of cripples was in part no doubt due to bad packing in forwarding them to me by post. Nothing worthy of note occurred in colours on wings. A. grossulartata. Total number. Hatched. Cripples. Died. 125 88 4 37, OF 29: per cent. These gave a fair average of emergences, and you will see in the box that no specially dark forms occur. This ends the record of the experiments; but before finishing this paper I should like to say that in this record no mention has been made of 600 Anthrocera filipendule pupee that I also placed in precisely similar conditions to those given above, the reason for the omission being that only about a dozen hatched, and of these only three were perfect. Out of the nitric acid jar one yellow var. emerged, but this was a cripple. On looking over these results the two points that strike one are the high death-rate, and the pigmentary changes in the wings. The death-rate among the w7tice is especially noticeable where they were exposed to continuous high temperature, hydrogen sulphide and bi-sulphide of carbon, the latter being particularly deadly. 6 Now the grossudariata were in great measure destroyed in the water-laden atmosphere, and failed entirely to emerge in the con- tinuous high temperature. Hydrogen sulphide, although injurious, was not so destructive to these pupz as to those of urtice, but it had, apparently, the curious effect of crippling all of those that came out. ‘The effect of the reagents on the colour of the wings is also interesting. Chlorine would appear to have a marked effect on the red colour of the wxtice. Whether this result is due to a want of development of the red pigment, or if it is due to the red colour fading after it had developed, I have yet to learn. The chlorine, however, seems to have little effect on gvossulariatza. Sulphur, on the other hand, shows no action on wrtice’s pigments, but the grossudartata emerging from that jar were rather markedly suffused with black. These experiments were all on pupz but I very much hope, later on, to have the opportunity to try larvee also. I trust that these notes have interested you, and knowing, as I do, that many of you are much more conversant with Lepidoptera than 1 am, I trust that I may be able to gather some ideas this evening that will guide me in any further work I may do in this direction. ~ House Moths. By ALFRED SicH, F.E.S. Read April gth, 1908. By ‘“‘house moths” I mean those species which, though not con- fined to the interior of our dwellings, very frequently pass the whole of their lives inside our houses. The supposition is that these moths have been inhabitants of human dwellings ever since man became sufficiently luxurious to attract them. Before that time they con- tented themselves with inhabiting the nests of birds, in which one frequently finds them still. There are several species which occur in houses ; among the commoner kinds are: Exdrosis lacteella, Bork- hausenia pseudospretella, and some members of the Tineids in the strict sense. Endrosis lacteella, Schiff. (also called fevestred/a) is very common, and may be found all the year round in houses, but is more common in summer, when it may also be taken at rest on the trunks of trees. It may be known by its white head and thorax, and dull grey wings with darker spots. In its white head it resembles another house moth, Z7ichophaga tapetzel/a, but that has the head rough and the basal half of the forewings deep brown, while the posterior half is pale grey. In Z. dacteel/la the whole of the forewings has a uniform ground colour. I do not believe that the larve of this species attacks any kind of garment, but it will eat various substances. I have bred it myself from stilton cheese, on which the larvee fed well ; they made grooves and tunnels in the rind of the cheese. On another occasion I bred several from an old bird’s nest. Borkhausenia (@cophora) pseudospretella, Stt—This is a brown moth with three large dark brown spots on the forewings. The head is smooth, and the palpi are long and curved upwards. These two last characters will serve to separate it from Z’xea fuscipunctella, with which it sometimes has a superficial resemblance. Like most house moths this species when disturbed runs with great swittness into the darkest spot it can find. The larva has no particular taste for clothes, but little else comes amiss to it. I believe I have bred it from decayed oak timber, but have not yet found any note to that effect. I have reared the insect on waste specimens of Noctuz and Geometre, and have bred them from a bird’s nest. In 1906 Mr. West, of Greenwich, kindly gave me some larve feeding on flax seeds. They finally spun silken cocoons, and produced &. pseudospretella, which were exhibited here September 26th, 1907. : 8 We now come to the clothes moth group, They vary a good deal among themselves, but all have rough heads, that is to say, the scales clothing the head are long and stand out in various directions. The labial palpi are rather short, but the maxillary palpi are generally long and have five or six joints. The genera, not yet very well arranged, are as follows : Scardia, Tr., is closely allied to Zizea, but has a longer tongue, the labial palpi are large and porrected, the middle joint thickly scaled and the third or terminal joint smooth and rising vertically. Antenne of the male with bunches of long cilia. ‘The palpus seems to me to give the most marked character in separating this from Tinea and the antenna of the male is also distinctly different, but these are only comparative differences, and the species now included in Z7nea differ in these points among themselves. Nevertheless it may be convenient to retain Scardza for the éo/e¢¢ group. In Britain we only have one species, .S. bolet7, F. ‘The larva feeds on fungi, and as the species is of large size it is as well that it is not destruc- tive to household goods. Monopis, Hb. (Blabophanes, Z.).—This appears to be a good genus, and may be separated from Zzzea by the hyaline spot on the forewings and by the nervures three and four of the forewings being stalked. The hyaline spot is very peculiar; it looks as though the scales had been rubbed off the wing. ‘The scales are there, however, but are very small, thin and pale. Counting /ombardica, Hering (hering?, Richardson), we have six species, of which gme//a and rusticella may be considered destructive. Trichophaga, Rag., is again close to Zznea, but separated on account of the subcostal and the two first radial nervures not reach- ing the costa, but running into one another below the costa. We only have one species, /afe/ze//a, a very destructive moth. Tinea, L. (restricted by Zeller).—Head rough. No ocelli. Tongue hardly perceptible. Middle joint of labial palpi with long apical bristles. Maxillary palpi several-jointed. Forewings with twelve nervures, three, four and five separate. Hindwings flatly scaled with long fringes. In this genus, as at present constituted, we have at least twenty species, but happily they are not all destructive. T. granella, though it seems to be a pest in granaries, is scarcely a house moth, but there is no doubt that pellionella is very destructive, and probably fuscipwnctel/a shares in its depredations. Tineola, H.S., differs from Zinea in the maxillary palpi being very short. We have only one species, é7se//iella, which is perhaps the commonest household lepidopterous pest. Myrmecozela, Z., differs from Z7nea in the want of maxillary palpi and in the middle joint of the labial palpi being very roughly scaled. We have only one species—ochraceella. It does not come into our houses but dwells in those of the ant, the larva apparently feeding on the refuse of the nest. We will now pass in review the species mentioned. 9 Monopis tmedla, Hb.—Head rust-coloured. Forewings brown with a hyaline spot and a very narrow yellowish line along the costa. This species is rather too uncommon to be called a house moth, but from what Heyden says of it, if it were commoner it would probably be a nuisance. Heyden states (“ Stett. Ent. Zeit.,” 1860, p. 118) he found numbers of the larvz in an old felt shoe, lying in a field near Frankfort, in November. The larve lived gregariously in crowded tubes. Some of the moths developed in a few days, and the rest in the May following. I have never taken the insect. M. rusticella, Ab.—Head rust-coloured. Forewings purplish-brown, usually much mottled with dark brown. More variegated than M. imella, and wants the pale costal streak. A common species which I have often taken in the house, but I have no personal knowledge of any damage done by the larve. There is a notice in the “ Entomologist’s Annual” for 1857, p. 121, of this species being freely bred from half-rotten carpet. Trichophaga tapetsella, L.—This is ¢he carpet moth, though nothing to do with those elegant Geometers which bear that name. It is easily identified by its rough white head and _ parti-coloured wings. The basal half of the forewings is deep brown, and the posterior half pale grey with darker mottlings. I have never had the larva of this species, but from various accounts it seems an extra pest. Stainton says (“Insecta Britannica,” p. 25, 1854): “Others, like T. tapetzella, construct covered galleries of the substance on which they are feeding, thus destroying much more than they actually con- sume.” On p. 28 he further remarks: ‘Frequently occurring in carriages, the larva feeding on the lining.” Tinea pellionella, L.—Head generally more or less fulvous. Fore- wings ochreous-brown, fairly uniform in colour, with a conspicuous dark brown spot beyond the middle of the wing. Apical cilia not barred. ‘This species is frequent in rooms and feeds on carpets and feathers, and constructs a portable case in which it finally pupates. I have taken the larva climbing up a drawing-room wall with a case made of the carpet below, and have also bred it from the nest. of a blue tit. Tinea fuscipunctella, Hw.—Like 7. pellionella, but much darker, and more spotted, and with three or four dark dashes in the cilia at the apex of the forewing. This is very common in houses, where I have frequently taken it on curtains or walls, but I have no indict- ment against it, though the strongest suspicions. Tineola bisethella, Hummel.—Head ochreous or rust-coloured, forewings pale ochreous, varying in intensity, unspotted. Very common in the interior of houses, where it breeds abundantly at the expense of the householder. Once, at Sandown, I was asked to sit on a yellow sofa, and as I seated myself sundry bits of the cover fell off towards the floor, but, curiously, instead of reaching it they returned to the sofa. They were the imagines of this species, which were in dozens! In 1906 I had a number of larvee (and cocoons) 10 given to me, feeding on hair and moss, which had been used to stuff out a small elephant made of india-rubber. I have also bred it from a bird’s nest. Mr. West, of Greenwich, gave me several larvze feeding on red cloth, from which some very fine specimens were reared last year. When, some ten years ago, I took a survey of the smaller moths of Britain, my attention was distinctly drawn to what I would call the constellation of the Tineids. I believe the chief attraction in those days to me was the variegated warm browns displayed on the forewings of such species as Scardia boleti and Tinea parasitella. Tinea corticella is even more delightful in that sense as it is more delicate. When I sought some acquaintance with these gems in the field, naturally the first I came across was 7Zinea cloacella. This is a very beautiful and variable species, and served to whet my appetite and make acquaintance with the other members of this interesting group. But, Ars longa, vita brevis est, and consequently I have only made personal acquaintance with some few of the species. I have ventured to give utterance to the above remarks in the hope that the members of this Society will give their personal experience, so that our united efforts may produce a report of some economic value. I say of economic value, because my remarks on this occasion do not apply so much to those species which have still retained the love of their sylvan haunts, but more especially to those species which have found it convenient to share the warmth and comfort with which man has surrounded himself. They are in most cases uninvited guests, and the idea of these remarks is to obtain information as to the actual damage they do, and as to the best means of circumventing their attack. Lt Notes on Hungarian Butterflies. By A. H. Jones, F.E.S. ead May 14th, 1908. HuNGary may be described as an extensive plain about 350 miles from east to west and 250 miles from north to south. For instance, from Vienna to Buda-Pest and thence to Temesvar, a distance of about 300 miles, the country is one level plain, under a considerable amount of cultivation, principally pasture and arable land, drained by dykes as in our Essex marshes. ‘There are faint indications of hills on the horizon line, but they are of no great elevation until the Carpathian mountains are reached. These extend for a distance of about fifty miles, separating Hungary from Galicia, an Austrian province. We find the loftiest mountains in Hungary in this range—the Hohe Tatra reaching an elevation of 8375 feet. This district is very rich in Lepidoptera, especially in the Apaturidz, but I was told it is not quite so good as farther south in the ‘Tran sylvania Alps, which may be considered a continuation of the Carpathians in a southerly direction. The Transylvanian Alps separate Hungary from Roumania, and practically terminate at Orsova on the Danube. Herculesbad, about ten miles distant, may be considered the most westerly point of these mountains. Herculesbad is visited yearly by many entomologists, and may be described as Hungary’s “happy hunting ground.” It is truly an ideal place in which to collect. On one side of the stream there are open uncul- tivated tracts of land; there is a beautiful valley along which you can wander for miles, take Wepéis aceris, find the Apaturide resting in the muddy woods, and see the numberless Argyanis daphne feasting on the bramble blossoms. When satiated with all these pleasures, you can cross the stream, climb rooo feet and enter the solitude of the forest. The trees, principally beech, are of great size and grandeur, and sunlight is practically obliterated by their foliage. Only here and there are there any glints of sunshine. The undergrowth with this dearth of sunlight is naturally scanty. Few butterflies are to be seen in this part of the forest except when a small clearing can be found. One I discovered was a place called the *“‘ Quelle,” and the number of butterflies here congregated was truly a beautiful sight ; Lzmendtis popull, L. camilla, L. sibylla and Neptis lucil/a were all on the wing together. This spot is on the route to the Domogled, a mountain of an elevation of 3630 feet, on the summit of which are found the beautiful species of Lvebia medusa var. psodea in May, and of £. me/as in July. Lzbythea celtis is 12 common in the town of Herculesbad, resting on the hot stones in the sunshine, but is rather difficult to see when at rest. JAZelitea athalia var. mehadiensis, is a remarkably fine form and is fairly common near the town. In the distant past, no doubt, a vast area bordering on the marshy districts of Hungary was covered with forest, but not of the same character as the one just referred to, poplars, aspen and oak predominating, the beech being practically absent. One of the remnants of this probable forest is to be found at Peszér, about forty miles distant from Buda-Pest. Here we find marshy ground and sandy wastes, both good for their respective species. In the dry places Melitea and Argynnis are abundant—JZ. ciaxta, M. didyma, M. trivia, M. athalia, Argynnis hecate, A. lathonia and A. pandora; in moist localities Chrysophanus alciphron and FHeteropterus morpheus. ‘This locality appears to be the only one in Hungary, indeed, in Europe, with the exception of Russia, for Melanargia japygia var. suwarovius, of which I took but two specimens, the last season being a bad one. I found here the larvee of Zhats polyxena in the greatest profusion on Aristolochia clematitts. I paid two visits to Peszér from June 12th to 14th, and again on June 27th. -There was an abundance of butterfly life on both occasions; many of the species, however, such as the Melitea, had nearly disappeared by June 27th. These were replaced by the second brood of Zycena arion in numbers in the open sandy wastes, and /eteropterus morpheus in the damp localities among the undergrowth. Carcharodus lavathere was now in great abundance in the open spaces, with occasional specimens, both male and female, of Co/zas hyale, and here and there C. myrmidone, which, like C. edwsa, is very quick on the wing, and is more often seen than caught. It is somewhat curious that this district, which is so rich in AZe/it@a and Argynnis, should fail to supply a single species of Apatura, Limenitis or Neptis, which are all so well represented at Herculesbad. But, as I said before, the character of the forest is very different. If one looks across the Danube from Buda-Pest, one sees a range of hills some five to ten miles off. Various tram-lines lead you to an approachable distance from these hills, one of which, Svabhegy, distant about seven or eight miles from Buda-Pest, I visited. The lower part of the hill was covered with dense wood wherein there were some beautiful rides in which to collect. I did not, however, meet with any success here, but on the top of the hill there were some beautiful open spaces which afforded an abundance of lepi- dopterous life. Hesperia orbifer was extremely abundant (but not in fine condition), and so was Cupido minima. Were I had a good chase after Coltas myrmidone, and succeeded in catching it. Privet bushes were scattered about, and being in full bloom attracted numberless specimens of Zeca acacie and T. ilicis. From this 13 plateau, being at an elevation of about 2000 feet, a good view was obtained of the Danube, the town of Buda-Pest and the surrounding country. In the low-lying marshy land not far distant from this locality a home is afforded for the two beautiful coppers, Chxyso- phanus dispar var. rutilus and C. thersamon, of which I took some fine examples. Cenonympha iphis was also very common here. I have roughly estimated the number of butterflies occurring in Hungary as about 170. This number compares very favourably with the adjoining countries, for in Germany we find 122; in Germany and Switzerland together 192, and in Italy and Sardinia 203. Hungary lying considerably to the east of Europe, we naturally find a few eastern species introduced to the list, to which I wish to refer. Among the Colras we find two species, C. chrysotheme and C. myrmidone, which do not occur further west than Austria. The next species is Veptis aceris, Hungary being its western limit. Two species of Vanessa do not occur further west than Austria, V. xanthomelas and V. Lalbum, both of which are not uncommon at Herculesbad. Among Meltea we find JZ. ¢rivia, which is quite an eastern species. Hungary is very rich in the genus 4rgyxnis, for out of the twenty-four species found in Europe sixteen occur there, such local species as A. hecate, A. laodice, and A. pandora being among the number. JMelanargia japygia var suwarovius only occurs in one locality—at Peszér, in Hungary. A whiter form is found, however, in Russia. Among the Zvedsas we find 4. medusa var. psodea, a very interesting form with large eye spots, and £. me/as, both on the higher mountains, the Domogled being a good locality. Two fine Satyrids, Pararge climene and P. roxelana, are eastern in their dis- tribution, and Hungary is quite the western limit. Both species are common at Herculesbad and in certain localities in Asia Minor. Cenonympha leander is also an eastern species and does not occur further west; the same remarks may be applied to Chrysophanus thersamon. Among the ‘‘ Blues” there does not appear to be any eastern forms. This is rather singular, for a little farther east, in Russia, we find several distinct species. Although the ‘ Blues ” are fairly well represented in Hungary, all occur in the Alps and in central Europe. It appears from the list that there