or ee a : oy Vib SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 106 NUMBERS 3362-3377 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1959 SMITHSONIAN STITUTION DEG t 4 1958 ZQsvnsONigy DEC 23 1959 LIBRARY Civc.. ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the tables of contents of each of the volumes. The present volume is the hundred and sixth of this series. The Bulletin, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoo- logical groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. REMINGTON KELLOGG, Director, United States National Museum. Iit Tt mena ori abalont onorult fancies sdi te suonasilivy stiicien lt telat. Din ani ‘snot ae Uovirouge: Tyros Fata errr ia Tri rig bya kser ro tre Le A rat ai Niyys| + Oy oe. worl, o PTs ait diy arotioaiton wi) wo Panad saowoq Limo da matt midig a0! waoloc! Tejon bet pie, vive dase) Tar uP a bskwh oo Ke Br boa earl won to anentqimeb Mire .-ehloey, Gna “emoledenul tia, ne ea , ae arrod dehiitainn, of praisid deste TO. cai par a by Huey on" nn iaLnaTo: HNilitsines aver varuediloy badaildag es hoandiiiel!s « a pyipeiye Netevar Qe ts nits ‘tl 5 plat elite’ arailie rd | ana nade a) bf ‘p es \ hee Halondtond borlellyqere ah alavseoa dearkt goin vq, Mas aba) Gri'k Samay h) 47 rind Pawnee 4 : onli hh nit ee ath WH Maia hia oahu ad st atifor taker ic er a pletion 288d nc Dawann aay, tivitter Yo! deat cab (ane ey nit Dias 2s. eels Pans retrirteec sis i Hee st ork. ee 7 ioe wa ; 16 adiiuaton Bile my 133 BACK A ag. Wt it 30 euiive , : 7 m, 7 ‘ ; > : it crt notehooey/ 292 Mier! qinorave lernwg sot Eas noe [Asien + 7 oe ‘ : i [ x E hy sbissnS” ANGIE Sia 19° Soins sath ser C' haaiiletbriiy >: fnié. Io ‘javiahae thd i Heo PKs lay Weis. tT : PPT Te Sy‘, Thu bug aie re Ove ie ann enn sini ¥ aid 7 i al eH ¥ i alae AION. El) fa a a) if eae + ae sr Pe we iW j ? % et A non of seu lalep separ alitd 2) eoorei Wa rade esto ligs- shiv Chneastil ths sis) Pia) A pra Ls Tae TtWth he is ] aghine . xi biuni ws lth by tee) Teen tes.* A ‘be OF os 4 i a - wa ; es se re Ao i WAN DASE] OY itt eaieline WAC AD aii) athe, Ae 7 ? 7 - b . iat 5 A é é a 7 - : 7 pyiis : LCL. é 12S iad i} (i li cal yey byodlwal: 209) : 7LD t OoYy;! jee fat mh ore Bary |) | i t ¥ : Te Peis Treaty! ait, by 1 i hing An | xy) Sares Vichy, © fseinry pricedenn Ea yc ‘ ; | ‘ tiennlh. Teh Avuihise hur emiel wir th Levaraq yh Wy} nip Nahe ith j HAN fhe hat CONTENTS Carriker, M. A., Jr. Studies in Neotropical Mallophaga, XVI: Bird lice of the suborder Ischnocera. Nine figures. No. 3375, published January 30, 1957 New genera: Formicaricola, Formicaphagus. New species: Formicaphagus picturatus, F. laemostictus, F. mag- nus, F. angustifrons, F. huilae, F. latifrons, F. clypeatus, F. peruvianus, F. minutus, F. thoracicus, F. brevifrons, F. bolivianus, F. grallariae, F. splendidus, F. pittasomae, Formicaricola analoides, F. costaricensis F. mexicana, F. sanctae-martae, F. beni, F. colmae, F. chocoana. Cuoparp, Lucimn. Some crickets from South America (Grulloidea and Tridactyloidea). Six figures. No. 3366, published September 20, 1956 A Bhs ew. New genus: Eneopteroides, Podoscirtodes. New species: Acheta fulvastra, Pteronemobius schunket, Hygrone- mobius longespinosus, Trigonidomimus ruficeps, Prosthacusta amplipennis, Acla reticulata, A. vicina, Anazipha ruficeps, A. soror, A. infirmenotata, A. allardi, A. latefasciata, A. nigri- pennis, A. nigerrima, A. schunkei, Metioche boliviana, M. peruviana, Rhicnogryllus annulipes, Eneopteroides flavifrons, Diatrypa allardi, D. latipennis, D. schunket, D. minuta, Amblyr- hetus nodifer, Aphonomorphus stipatus, A. socius, A. dissimilis, A. obscurus, A. deceptor, A. schunkei, A. allardi, A. adjunctus, A. elegans, Paraphonus vicinus, Rhipipteryx difformipes, R. vicinus, R. femoratus, R. schunket. Pages 409-439 241-293 Farrett, Caartes E. Chiggers of the genus Luschéngastia © (Acarina : Trombiculidae) in North America. Eight figures and twenty-one plates. No. 3364, published Octo- ber 19, 1956 ioe st Oc: New species: Euschéngastia bigenuala, E. trigenuala, E. rubra, E. magna, E. marmotae, E. carolinensis, E. ohioensis, E. crateris,, E. diversa. New subspecies: Euschéngastia diversa acuta, E. diversa diversa FLemIncer, ABRAHAM, AND Bowman, Tuomas E. A new species of Candacia (Copepoda : Calanoida) from the western North Atlantic Ocean. Two figures. No. 3370. Published October 15, 1956 New species: Candacia paenelongimana, 85-235 331-337 VI CONTENTS Pages FRIEDMANN, Herspert. Further data on African parasitic cuckoos. Three plates. No. 3374, published October BA UQSAM. Se Gotan id oe OS ee UN a Pe TEAOS Horrman, Ricnarp L. Revision of the milliped genus Dixioria (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Four figures. No. 3362, published March 29,1956... ....... 1-19 New species: Dizxioria dactylifera. New subspecies: Dixioria pela acuminata, D. pela brooksi, D. pela fowleri, D. pela wrightt. Menzigs, Ropert J., AnD Bowman, THomas E. Emended description and assignment to the new genus Ronalea of the idotheid isopod Erichsonella pseudoculata Boone. One figure. No. 3371, published October 17,1956... . . . 339-343 New genus: Ronalea. Menzirs, Ropert J., AnD Perrit, Jean. A new genus and species of marine asellote isopod, Caecianiropsis psammo- phila, from California. Three figures. No. 3376, pub- hshedcNGvember 250950" 7 anne) oe aeeeeen te Stee Meer RE EPA New genus: Caecianiropsis. New species: Caecianiropsis psammophila. Namba, Ryogr. A revision of the flies of the genus Rivellia (Otitidea, Diptera) of America north of Mexico. Ten figures. No. 3363, published June5,1956 ....... 21-84 New species: Rivellia tersa, R. australis, R. maculosa, R. munda, R. imitabilis, R. winifredae, R. texana, R. vaga, R. michiganensis, R. tnaequata, R. socialis, R. steyskali, R. cole. ScHLINGER, Evert I. A revision of the acrocerid flies of the genus Pralea Erichson with a discussion of their sexual dimorphism (Diptera). Four figures. No. 3373, pub- lished-October*12 1956) 234 28) 2h eee et Sot aunt 19 heno 7c New species: Pialea antiqua, P. capitella, P. ecuadorensis. Scuuttz, Lronarp P. A new pinecone fish, Monocentris reedi, from Chile, a new family record for the Eastern Pacific. One plate. No. 3365, published July 24, 1956 . 237-239 New species: Monocentris reedi. CONTENTS Vil Pages Serzer, Henry W. Mammals of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.! Ten figures. No. 3377, published November 28, 1956 . oN hae ee ae: OS a Ce ova o 447-587 New species: Mastomys kulmei, Acomys lowei, Steatomys thomast. New subspecies: Ateleriz pruneri lowei, Elephantulus rufescens hoogstraali, Crocidura bicolor tephragaster, C. hildegardeae phaios, C. nyansae toritensis, C. turba tephra, Poélagus majorita oweni, Lepus capensis dinderus, Gerbillus gerbillus sudanensvs, Grammomys macmillani erythropygus, Oenomys hypoxanthus talangae, Dasmys incomtus palustris, Mastomys natalensis agurensis, M. natalensis marrensis, Praomys fumatus owent, P. tullbergi sudanensis, Mus bellus delamensis, Graphiurus murinus marrensis, Cryptomys ochraceocinereus oweni, Hetero- hyrax brucei hoogstraali. SHOEMAKER, CLARENCE R. Observations on the amphipod genus Parhyale. Four figures. No. 3372, published October 15.1956 % .< «8a 4 acEls Sw & & 2 Se won Sh0-d08 New subspecies: Parhyale fascigera penicillata. Townes, Henry. The Nearctic species of trigonalid wasps. One figure. No. 3367, published October 16, 1956 . . . 295-804 Wattiey, Luretta M. A tribal revision of the brachy- cyrtine wasps of the world (Cryptinae—Ichneumonidae). One figure. No. 3369, published October 16, 1956 . . . 315-329 New genus: Habryllia. New species: Habryllia muesebecki, H. cosmeta, Brachycyrtus baltazarae. Wueetrr, Marsuatt R. Latheticomyia, a new genus of acalyptrate flies of uncertain family relationship. Two figures. No. 3368, published October 22,1956. . . . . 3805-314 New genus: Lathelicomyia. New species: Latheticomyia tricolor, L. lineata, L. infumata. 1Erratum: On page 508, line 7, for ‘‘Aryicanthis’’ read ‘Arvicanthis.”’ uy enna ROY | i iss " vind . Ti Hatlqred-olues, gilt, To: clonal ql! genic it (seme é - oe = 4 co ‘ se Fr.’ i TALIA / frstetnglitgyyy 2 ¥i _* ett t ee) Viet 7 fla a * dass Le so , AGS e ; Va “1 ty A ae 7 - ' o Gta raeet & om, HHGAL CAioClONy, wattul ahr, con! ub eTte! UL: Pion e | her bye Mir eu yinl Morn hen A fu “at air ileeks - 9 uo a "4 Aye Wi omsblah Ak. vlemtriddek salient ; oe ei rte tity Se VOR fie Fut OL ethyl adit areal Wi rk econ bh rWe)) Ror ay “gaitidaed « malate pose aye Ly Slt i) BOO Bhntine he” yg ocd Tseng s HN? Yaa instae “yin bq) ; RACH Motul’? ol tetheiney Fie wnt, Wranky “aby ROOF, a eyire.4 ¥ wink a a lonaninh , yi a bese vant { 1 u P ie 7S A) UAnriy | AStaa Op ie ay ME ste foi oue, cot * ‘ 7 vi 7 7 wa? I act. ENGI Ge USO a Thm aveat 1 il CURR raving a v4) VE ath eyyiod Ange sayy - Ceeiiqnh: and) id, ace) wiseuA), dist LER ht ALE > tilt ie Oe 7 s ’ r,t i) yoda 14 es “y , it eel rc iit fPadeiideg Sree Ov, | Pee, ok ian Wr ee o 1 i rn eS A i ts : , A. 4 ; nl Ga Ye ts ‘ ‘ : ‘ svt) w - ' * «& eae, ee © wes ‘4 noe ir Ct i t gu { 1S: f a - . + a7 | Ua ET oe yA FEO shey wath Paoaht Cedue Wot gilt aT Aa eee re : lee vant ; i at = ae eee Cou seo eo meas ON Sra ae a S MU enGS .A., .. gall Ul dine’ hai i thie Yooh OR eT 380 . oe av(ison!, sili a MOE _ Gti. A Ah Nth? MDs mn ormerttol« ~ ati ‘33 tJ e)) Pig .ssh) CO een it ay i ia oc oh oS WOE AT Hdtio®? Tndadlatatees (dh siuonliun ae / - ron At win ai 4 a . - 5 oe 4S tere a a i ‘ ‘ua ” . Vie 4 } > oa Wyacsiyat fh win! \ Kg vi = a pa grneplhad 7 te « ‘ 1.0. er i . : c¥> iy efit ie ou Wa ER rae AR at APRs yaeks te cel Tae hgh a a ies ‘ aan Le ‘ ert nan stot Wh? Bi to BM AER dea - a= < y uz . d r if a a pe ret BGR Fi ‘ . ‘ ¥ i Ot (Cas tek toga) I rer llcliset St Mks UAL olla Se . | r : f % - ; i ee Bi ate O1 nga jae mA anon a aig rr: hoard f one * wh as eddy eO it aut TM RERCRA V4 a i / "it nw ot Weert Meh scat 1, Gell et ORM UC eet eel De, . PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 106 Washington : 1956 No. 3362 REVISION OF THE MILLIPED GENUS DIXIORIA (POLYDESMIDA: XYSTODESMIDAE) By Ricuarp L. HorrMan Generally speaking, most of the published work on the classification of the diplopods has been either fragmentary or carelessly superficial, often both. This is particularly true in the United States where, except for the valuable work of O. F. Cook and H. F. Loomis, there is only a welter of short papers on millipeds that contain brief and in many cases meaningless descriptions of miscellaneous new forms. The prevailing method of treatment apparently has discouraged a number of interested students who have found the confusion too ereat to overcome. I feel that the time is long overdue for some attempt to assemble and evaluate our present knowledge, and to present it in a form that will be useful to others. I have undertaken the preparation of formal taxonomic revisions of certain North American milliped groups, to be published as available material permits in the form of revisions of genera. Each paper is intended to be as thorough as possible with the material at hand, and in some cases the results compare favorably with published studies of many vertebrate groups. The family Xystodesmidae is selected as a starting point because it is rich in genera and species as well as 1 366157—36——_1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 in individuals; because of the localization of most species which en- hances their value in evolutionary studies; and because of the rela- tive ease of obtaining specimens for study. This last factor is par- ticularly true in the case of those genera confined to the Southern Appalachians. The present study is devoted to Dizioria, a small genus of attrac- tively colored diplopods which is restricted to the Southern Appa- lachians in western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and south- western Virginia. Occurring in a very deeply dissected mountain region, the forms of Dizioria are quite localized and afford interesting material for the study of distribution and phylogeny. My original plan to revise all of the xystodesmid genera in a single publication has been abandoned, as it became obvious that such an endeavor would necessarily be postponed for many years. It seemed best to reserve a general treatment of generic relationships and evolu- tion to serve as a culmination, rather than initiation, of the series. MaTERIALS AND METHODS For this study I have examined approximately 100 specimens, representing all of the seven recognized forms of Dixioria and includ- ing the type specimens of the two previously named species. Five additional names are proposed herein. I have personally collected material of all of the forms except Dizioria pela brooksi and D. dac- tylifera, and this field experience has been particularly useful in pro- viding first-hand knowledge of the physiographic factors influencing distribution. Most of the specimens have been collected by me or by friends, but additional material has been examined from the collections of several museums. Abbreviations used in the text to designate the sources of preserved study specimens are as follows: AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y. CM, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. RLH, Private collection of R. L. Hoffman, Blacksburg, Va. USNM, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. The drawings were made from gonopods immersed in alcohol, using a binocular microscope equipped with an ocular grid. This attach- ment facilitated very accurate transfer of the image to coordinate paper, and also made possible careful comparison of gonopods with previous illustrations. Extreme care was taken to orient the gonopods into a uniform posi- tion for drawing, so that fictitious differences in appearance arising from different aspects might be kept toa minimum. Failure to take MILLIPED GENUS DIXIORIA—HOFFMAN 3 such an elementary precaution has been one of the outstanding defects of American diplopod taxonomy. For the privilege of studying the collections under their care, [ am indebted to Dr. E. A. Chapin, formerly of the U. S. National Museum, Dr. Willis J. Gertsch of the American Museum of Natural History, and Dr. P. J. Darlington of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Gordon K. MacMillan kindly loaned all of the Appalachian millipeds in the Carnegie Museum, including several interesting series of different forms. Most of my field work was done with the aid of grants from the Virginia Academy of Sciences and the Highlands (North Carolina) Biological Station. James A. Fowler, Hubert I. Kleinpeter, and William T. Keeton have been helpful companions in the field. More than to anyone else, this study of Dixiorza owes its existence to my good friend Leslie Hubricht, an outstanding student of American gastropods and an unexcelled collector, who has provided perhaps the largest part of the material in my collection. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE A certain amount of confusion presently attends usage of the generic names Deltotaria and Dizioria. I have personally contributed to this misunderstanding, and am glad to take the opportunity to review the status of the two groups with the hope of correcting previous mistakes. The genus Deltotaria was proposed by Causey in 1942 for the recep- tion of a new species (brimleiz) collected at Swannanoa, N. C. The primary diagnostic character cited for the genus was the presence of a projection on the coxal joint of the gonopod. Somewhat later, two additional species were described, D. nigrimontis (Chamberlin, 1947) and D. coronata (Hoffman, 1949). Apparently both Chamberlin and I were impressed by the fact that the distal end of the gonopod in our species was similar to that figured for brimlew (furcate), and we over- looked the complete absence of a coxal projection in our new forms. With the initiation of intensive studies on the genera of the Xystodes- midae, it became apparent that members of two considerably different eenera had been described under the name Deltotaria. More recently, Dr. Causey published the descriptions of two additional species, both of which agree with the generotype, thus emphasizing the misplace- ment of coronata and nigrimontis. At first it appeared that a new generic name was needed to embrace these two orphaned species, which seemed to fit into none of the cur- rently recognized genera. Soon, however, I discovered that Dixioria of Chamberlin (1947) was available for one of them because its type species is subjectively congeneric with coronata, and that the other is 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 referable to the genus Sigmoria, as will be shown in a later paper of this series. Fontaria pela was described by Chamberlin (1918) from material collected at Burbank, Tenn. ‘The original description did not contain drawings of the gonopods, and the species, more or less unidentifiable, dropped into obscurity for the next 30 years. In 1947, Chamberlin described another new species as Diaioria dentifer, the type locality of which is Cranberry, N. C. Less than two years later, in February 1949, I examined the type of Fontaria pela at the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology and discovered that pela and dentifer are names based upon the same species. Dizioria, therefore, becomes the proper name for Fontaria pela as well as for my Deltotaria coronata. Although there are considerable differences between the original drawings of the gonopods of coronata and dentifer, I believe that the illustrations in this paper will establish that the two are congeneric. The discovery of intermediate forms also serves to corroborate this relationship. TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS The structural peculiarities which characterize the genus Dirioria are fairly numerous and distinctive. The most obvious is the color pattern, there being no other genera in the eastern United States in which the dorsum is black with the caudolateral half of the paranota, tip of the telson, and anterior edge of the collum bright yellow. Be- cause of this peculiarity, females as well as males can be placed into Dizioria with confidence. However, since the pattern is identical in all of the known forms, it is of no utility in separating species. Another generically diagnostic character is the configuration of the paranota, of which both anterior and posterior corners are broadly rounded on all except the last few segments. Among other xysto- desmids of eastern North America, this feature is duplicated only in some forms of Brachoria, all of which are considerably wider in pro- portion to their length than of the relatively slender species of Dixioria. The gonopods of the male sex, while varying considerably in small details, preserve an over-all similarity throughout the genus and are distinctive from those of other known genera. The prefemoral process is always present and conspicuous, in the form of a wedge-shaped, usually slender, upright peg. The telopodite blade is very slender and unmodified except at its distal end, forming an even curve similar to that found in the genus Apheloria. Distally the telopodite is enlarged and provided with one or two subterminal processes of vari- able size but usually thin and laminate in shape. None of these serves as a solenomerite, as the seminal groove continues on to the tip of the telopodite proper. MILLIPED GENUS DIXIORIA—HOFFMAN 2 So little is yet known of the comparative morphology of the cypho- pods in most milliped groups that little can be said of their value in the differentiation of genera. It seems, at present, that the cyphopods do not differ markedly from those of Brachoria and of the Trimaculata group of Apheloria, although more detailed studies may reveal the presence of very distinct features. Structural differences used in the separation of the forms of Dirioria are of two kinds. Most conspicuous, and perhaps most fundamental, are the differences in the shape of the male gonopods, and these are the features customarily utilized by most students of the Diplopoda. During the course of my studies of polydesmoid millipeds, however, I have found that in most cases where the gonopods are singular enough to indicate specific distinction, a close examination of the material will reveal other correlated structural peculiarities. It is my belief that, generally speaking, if a species is actually a valid one it can be distinguished from its congeners by characters other than those expressed by the male genitalia. In the present instance, Dirioria pela is separable from D. dactyl- ifera by several tangible characters aside from the obviously disjunct gonopods. These differences may be described verbally and are mentioned both in the following key to species and in the diagnosis of D. dactylifera. They are of interest in several respects. First, they serve to indicate that perfectly good taxonomic characters may be disregarded in the general preoccupation with male genitalia and color pattern—two variables which seem to have claimed the attention of most American workers. Second, the discovery that coxal spines may be present in one species and absent from another suggests that their utilization in generic diagnosis may have to be somewhat modified as our knowledge of variability of the character improves. Heretofore, the presence or absence of coxal spines has been considered to be constant in a genus. Despite the six or seven respects in which the two species of Diziorva differ superficially, their general similarity in structure, color pattern, size, and appearance is so great as to preclude any doubt of the homogeneity of Dizioria as a generic entity. Taxonomic differences expressed by the gonopods of the male are, to a considerable extent, qualitative and best appreciated by reference to drawings. Nonetheless, it is quite possible to distinguish and describe some of these differences verbally, and, with the development of homologies and a terminology for the parts, to abolish the old ambiguous phrase, ‘(Gonopods as illustrated.’ In treating the gono- pod characters in Dizioria, particular attention is here given to the distal end of the telopodite, with its teeth and lobes, and to the shape of the prefemoral process. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 An outstanding characteristic of the genus is the presence of a small, very thin, triangular tooth (referred to as process A) near the end of the telopodite. All of the subspecies of pela are provided with this feature. In most of them there is also an expansion of the end of the telopodite and a supplementary oblong lobe, or process (referred to as process B). In the case of dactylifera, process B has become un- usually enlarged, and A has disappeared entirely. In this instance, and also in those subspecies of pela where B is enlarged, it is useful to distinguish the true ending of the telopodite with the term solenom- erite (S). Possibly the name parsolenomerite might be adopted to replace “process B,’? but I hesitate to devise a terminology until homologies have been worked out for all the genera of the family. One may observe some geographic variation in the gonopods of the forms of Dixiora pela. There is a trend from south (pela) to north (fowleri) toward increase in the size of the prefemoral process and a corresponding decrease in the length and arch of the telopodite blade. A similar variation occurs, altitudinally, in a reverse direction in that coronata (presumably a montane derivative of fowleri) shows tenden- cies back toward the characters of pela. The average size of series varies considerably and at first suggested itself as a secondary taxonomic difference. However, this varies within subspecies as well as between them, and I conclude that dimension is a character which varies at least with the individual and at most with any given micropopulation. It may be only a reflection of propitious environmental conditions. Various other characters, such as the shape of the paranota of the caudalmost segments, were considered for their possible utility in separating subspecies. Several variations, which at first appeared to be useful, were found to break down when series of specimens were checked, and in general it seems that such qualitative differences, even if stable, are so slight that they would be negated by the normal amount of error inherent in making drawings under low magnification. Genus Dixioria Chamberlin Diroria Chamberlin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 99, p. 28, 1947. Deltotaria (not Causey) Hoffman, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 99, p. 379 (in part), 1949. Type species: Dizxioria dentifer Chamberlin 1947 (=Fontaria pela Chamberlin 1918), by original designation. Dracnosis: A fontariid genus characterized as follows: prefemora of legs with a sharp distal spine, coxae with or without small ventral spines; sternites without obvious processes at bases of legs and not produced on caudal margin; tergites smooth, paranota rather small, MILLIPED GENUS DIXIORIA—HOFFMAN 7 with both corners rounded on most segments, pores opening dorso- laterally. Male gonopod rather simple; no coxal process, prefemoral portion globosely swollen and with an erect, somewhat cuneiform process, remainder of telopodite a slender, unmodified, strongly curved blade, with one or two small subterminal processes and occasional sub- terminal enlargement. Coxae separate from each other but connected by a strong band of sclerotized tissue. Size of animals moderate, from 30 to 40 mm. in length, rather slender, width about 20 percent of length. Dorsum black, with caudolateral corners of paranota and anterior margin of collum bright lemon yellow, legs and other ventral surfaces yellowish tan to light brown. Rance: Southern Appalachian Mountains, specifically in and adjacent to the Iron-Unaka mountain chain, from Bland County, Va., south to Grandfather Mountain, N. C., and Roan Mountain, Tenn. In general, the ranges in distribution of each form coincide closely with separate mountains or mountain ranges. Sprcres: Two, one of which is divided into six subspecies. Key to the known forms of Dixioria 1. Coxal spines absent or represented only as a faint remnant on some of the caudalmost legs; all sternites with at least 8 setae; gonopod socket extend- ing laterad past outer end of coxal acetabula; process A of gonopods absent, process B greatly enlarged . . . : Se ACES dacivliters Coxal spines present, conspicuous; Ont Os ite stemites glabrous, a few with up to 8 or 10 setae; gonopod aperture not extending laterad past coxal acetabula; process A of gonopods present, process Bvariable . . .... 2 2. Distal end of telopodite of male gonopod with only one subterminal process ats ere ir ee ae Distal end of talopodite Of are gonopod with ive. cubtenmina! processes (A and B)eases.0 i 4 3. Telopodite penal irenee dictad: Ain end. OF peefomionsl ices ne lateralatarightangleornearlyso .. . . .. . pela pela Telopodite conspicuously laminately expanded near fond pretemoral process straight or nearly so... . . . . . pela acuminata 4. Distal end of telopodite ngitccably Cepitnte fenlaneed on the outer margin), processes A and B more or less coalesced; telopodite rather flattened in cross section... . . . . . pela brooksi Distal end of telopodite nor permite, capitate. ie subterminal processes dis- crete; femoral portion subteretein crosssection . . . . Be ensue 5. Process B very large, becoming larger and broadly Pontes distally; pre- femoral process bent at a right angle distally ; solenomerite very long. pela wrighti Process B small, digitiform, only slightly eee than A; prefemoral process cuneiform, not bent distally ... . Sea 0 6. Prefemoral process broader, with an Betis epee on ne Gre cage . pela fowleri Prefemoral process narrower, outer edge nearly straight but with a small subterminalindentation .........4. 4.4... .., pela coronata 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 108 Dixioria pela pela (Chamberlin) FicuReE l,a Fontaria pela Chamberlin, Psyche, vol. 25, p. 123, 1918. Dizxioria dentifer Chamberlin, 1947, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 99, p. 28, fig. 18, 1947, (Cranberry, Avery County, N. C.; type in AMNH). Apheloria pela Hoffman, in D. L. Wray, Insects of North Carolina, Second Supplement, p. 44, 1950. Typr spPEcIMENS: Male holotype and paratypes of both sexes (MCZ), from Burbank, Carter County, Tenn., collected by Roland Thaxter. Dracnosis: Prefemoral process of male gonopod slender, upright, only slightly bent distally; telopodite with tip attenuated, very little expanded and modified only by the presence of a subterminal tooth (A); telopodite blade long and slender, somewhat sigmoidally curved distally. Description: Given in full only for the typical subspecies since the others differ only in gonopod structure. Length, 35 to 42 mm., width, 5.0 to 9.0 mm. Body relatively slender, parallel-sided, segments 4-16 essentially of full width. Width of body about 20 percent of length, varying from 19 to 22 percent. Head smooth and shining, vertigial groove distinct and obviously punctate, genae slightly swollen near antennal concavity but not medially impressed. A single paramedian clypeal seta on each side, interantennal frontal setae and supra-antennal occipital setae absent. Antennae separated by a distance equal to length of 3d antennal article, moderately long, extending caudad to caudal margin of second tergite; articles 2-5 subequal in size and shape, approximately 1.2 mm. in length and distinctly clavate; 6th article shghtly shorter and some- what thicker; 7th short but distinct, with four sensory cones. Articles 1-4 sparingly setose, 5th slightly more so, 6th and 7th densely covered with short declivous setae. Collum slightly wider than following tergite, its caudal margin completely straight across and the lateral ends broadly rounded; anterior margin straight across head, laterad of which it is swept back on each side and set off by a marginal groove. Surface perfectly smooth and shining except for a slightly impressed area near the front margin adjacent to the antennae in some specimens. Tergites of succeeding segments essentially similar to each other, moderately arched and smooth. Paranota rather small, continuing slope of dorsum, their anterior and posterior corners broadly rounded off on all except the last four or five segments; anterior and lateral edges set off by distinct grooves but peritremata not distinct and pores opening almost laterally. Caudal edges of paranota sharp, not mar- MILLIPED GENUS DIXIORIA—HOFFMAN 9 Ficure 1.—Left male gonopods of the subspecies of Dixioria pela, mesial aspect. In most cases the lateral aspect of the end of the telopodite is also shown separately. a, D. p. pela; b, D. p. acuminata; c, D. p. coronata; d, D. p. brooksi; e, D. p. fowleri; f, D. p. wright. 866157—56——-2 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 gined; upper surface smooth with extremely faint longitudinal stria- tions. Caudolateral corners of paranota caudal to 14th, becoming increasingly produced. Median projection of anal segment subtriangular in dorsal] aspect, longer than broad, the tip slightly truncate and bearing several long setae. Anal valves glabrous, the mesial margin of each produced into a low ridge but no other obvious sculpture. Preanal scale broadly triangular, wider than long, with a median and two smaller lateral, setiferous, tubercules. Sternal areas of metazonites essentially flat or slightly concave, not raised above level of prozonite but set off by a broad, shallow, sharply defined interzonal furrow. Sternites slightly produced at base of each leg, becoming subspiniform toward the rear of body. Sternites gla- brous or at most with six or eight scattered setae on some of the segments just behind the gonopods. Coxae and prefemora with acute conical distoventral spines, these becoming longer caudad; these leg joints also with numerous long slender setae on the ventral side. Femora nearly glabrous, slightly clavate, shorter than coxae and pre- femora combined. Postfemora and tibiae equal in length, the latter of a lesser diameter and about half as long as the moderately setose and subcylindrical tarsi. Tarsal claws of anterior legs of males long, sinuous, with a distinct sharp carina along the dorsal side. Sternites between 3d legpair produced upward into two slender, digitiform lobes, those between 4th, 5th, and 6th legpairs in the form of low rounded eminences. Pleurites coriaceous, somewhat obliquely longitudinally striate in some specimens, the caudal margin distinctly set off. No tubercules, granules, or clusters of spines. Sternal aperture of 7th segment of males large, transversely oval, widest in front of the middle, strongly margined laterally and between the coxae of the 8th legpair. Gonopods freely movable, the coxae separate and connected only by a strong band of connective tissue. In situ, the main axis of the telopodite blade lies at a right angle to that of the body, the gonopods at rest thus have the blades overlapping and often interlocked. Coxal apodeme moderately long, slightly enlarged distally. Coxae without special processes. Prefemur swollen, densely setose, witb a prominent, upright, wedge-shaped prefemoral process. Telopodite blade slender, evenly curved into almost a complete circle, without trace of division into femur, tibia, and tarsus. Telopodite distally slightly expanded, with a small thin subtriangular tooth (process A). Tergites glossy brownish black, with caudolateral two-thirds of the paranota, anterior edge of collum, and tip of anal segment bright lemon yellow. Underparts yellowish tan, somewhat burnished in MILLIPED GENUS DIXIORIA—HOFFMAN 11 appearance. Head dark brown except for the lighter labral area; antennae light brown with distal portion of each article white. Tarsal claws brown, sternites darker than the legs. A faint dark spot in the yellow of the paranota just above each repugnatorial pore. Ecoutocy: The only specimen of Dizxioria pela pela that I have collected was found beneath a stone near the edge of a grassy field at Cloudland, on Roan Mountain, at an elevation of about 6,000 feet. It was associated with numerous specimens of the xystodesmid Boraria media (Chamberlin). I had previously searched at several places on the Tennessee side of Roan Mountain between 3,000 and 5,000 feet without success, but a week later, on June 27, Leslie Hubricht obtained a good series on the North Carolina side during night collecting for land snails. This subspecies has perhaps the largest areal range of any member of the genus, and its vertical distribution is certainly not surpassed. The records encompass elevations ranging from about 2,000 feet up to 6,000 feet. The lowland material is not recognizably different in the genitalia. Distrinution: Dizioria p. pela appears to be confined to the Unaka range in the immediate vicinity of Roan Mountain. The precise limits of its distribution are yet to be established, but I suspect that its southward occurrence is confined by the Nolichucky River, south of which I have collected at several localities without finding any form of Dizxioria. It will be of interest to determine the area of intergradation between pela and coronata, which must lie in the eastern part of Johnson County, Tenn. Distributional records and the specimens upon which they are based are as follows: Nortu Carotina. Avery County: Cranberry, date and collector not known (AMNH, type of dentifer Chamberlin, probably intergrade with D. p. wright). Mitchell County: East side of Roan Mountain, 1 mile below Carver’s Gap, Leslie Hubricht coll., June 27, 1950 (RLH). TENNESSEE. Carter County: Burbank, Roland Thaxter, no date (MCZ, type series); 2 miles southeast of Burbank, Hubricht, Sept. 1, 1951 (RLH); Doe River Bluff, near Hampton, Hubricht, May 3, 1951 (RLH, a male with tendencies toward acuminata). Unicoi County: Iron Mountain Gap, 4 miles southeast of Limestone Cove, Hubricht, Sept. 2, 1951 (RLH). Dixioria pela acuminata, new subspecies Ficure 1,6 TYPE SPECIMEN: Male holotype (USNM 2011), collected at the top of Holston Mountain 2 miles west of Shady Valley, Johnson County, Tenn., by J. A. Fowler and R. L. Hoffman on June 19, 1950. Diacnosis: Prefemoral process nearly straight, very slightly expanded distally, with a small terminal acuminate point. Distal 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 third of telopodite blade straight (not completing the curve of the basal two-thirds), having only process A, but the terminal portion somewhat enlarged with a very small lobe probably homologous to B. Ecoutocy: The type and only known specimen was found in deep leaf mold in a rather dry oak-hickory woods. Collected at the same time and place were specimens of the millipeds Ptyoiulus pennsylvan- icus (Brandt) and Apheloria waccamana Chamberlin, and the sala- mander Plethodon yonahlossee Dunn. Disrripution: Known only from the type locality, and probably restricted to Holston Mountain, between Damascus, Va., and Elizabethton, Tenn. Dixioria pela brooksi, new subspecies Ficure 1,d TYPE SPECIMENS: Male holotype (USNM 2012), male and female topoparatypes (CM), collected on Holston Mountain at Damascus, Washington County, Va., by Dr. and Mrs. Stanley T. Brooks on Aug. 14, 1941. Diacnosis: Distinguished from the other subspecies by the curious lobelike distal enlargement of the tibiotarsus of the gonopod, producing a somewhat hammerheadlike shape. Notable also is the fact that processes A and B are more or less coalesced to form what appears with low magnification to be simply a notched process. The telopodite is somewhat flattened and is provided with a small lateral flange just distad to its midlength. The prefemoral process is nearly straight and distally acute. Eco.toey: I know nothing of the circumstances under which the type series was obtained. D. brooksi is doubtless a low-altitude form. Disrrisution: Known so far only from the type collection. What is most needed at this time is a very intensive study of the relation- ships of the Dizioria forms around Damascus. Within a 10-mile radius three forms, coronata, fowleri, and brooksi, have been obtained. The first two doubtless intergrade. But whether brooksi is really a subspecies of pela or a distinct species in itself cannot be guessed at the present. Dixioria pela coronata (Hoffman) FicureE l,c Deltotaria coronata Hoffman, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 99, p. 380, pl. 26, figs. 7, 8, 1949. Typr spEcIMENS: Holotype, allotype, and paratype (USNM 1805); topoparatypes (MCZ); collected at Mount Rogers, Grayson County, Va., by H. I. Kleinpeter and R. L. Hoffman, June 30-July 1, 1947. MILLIPED GENUS DIXIORIA—HOFFMAN 13 Draanosis: Distal end of telopodite of male gonopod somewhat expanded, with a large curved subterminal tooth (B) and a much smaller and thinner one adjacent to it on the outer side. The pre- femoral process is nearly straight along its outer margin, which is subterminally notched or indented. Ecouoay: This seems to be an altitudinally restricted form. ‘The altitudes of most places at which it has been taken exceed 3,000 feet. It occurs in hardwood and mixed forests, but not in the spruce-balsam stands which cover the tops of the Iron Mountains. More diurnal in habits than most xystodesmids (perhaps a function of its very moist habitat), coronata is often seen abroad during the day. A mated pair was found on July 1. Disrripution: The Iron Mountains in Grayson and Washington Counties, Va., and Johnson County, Tenn. Its northern limits are probably reached just north of Mount Rogers, but just how far it goes into Tennessee along the Iron Mountains remains to be determined. Distributional records and the specimens upon which they are based are as follows: Virainta. Grayson County: East side of Mount Rogers, 5,000 feet, Kleinpeter and Hoffman, June 30, 1947 (RLH); gap between Bluff Mountain and White Top, Fowler and Hoffman, June 19, 1950 (RLH); Chestnut Mountain, west of Volney, Dr. and Mrs. S. T. Brooks, Aug. 13, 1941 (CM); Elk Garden Ridge, between Mount Rogers and White Top, Dr. L. R. Cleveland, July 15, 1947 (RLH); also by Dr. and Mrs. Brooks, July 29, 1941 (CM). Washington County: Straight Mountain, east of Damascus, Brooks, July 23, 1941 (CM); Coocoo Mountain, near Damascus, Brooks, Aug. 19, 1941 (CM); base of Laurel Mountain, 4 miles southwest of Konnarock, Leslie Hubricht, May 28, 1951 (RLH). Tennessex. Johnson County: Northeast corner, ‘‘across line from Taylor’s Valley, Va.,’’ Brooks, Aug. 19, 1941 (CM). Dixioria pela fowleri, new subspecies FIGuRE l,e TyprE sPECIMENS: Holotype, allotype, and paratype (USNM 2013), topoparatypes (RLH); from Big Walker Mountain, along the west side near the top on U. S. Highway 52, about 10 miles east of Bland, Bland County, Va.; collected by J. A. Fowler and R. L. Hoffman, June 24, 1950. Diacnosis: Prefemoral process of male gonopod with a strong, somewhat rounded, subterminal shoulder along the outer margin; telopodite distally expanded with both subterminal processes well developed as in D. p. coronata, process B somewhat larger than in that form. Econiocy: The following notes were made at the type locality: . . the area at which we collected seemed to be a talus slope of large boulders, but the whole area overgrown with a rich mesic woods ce 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 consisting chiefly of oak, hickory, and mountain maple. A large number of dead chestnut trees. The herb stratum dominated by Impatiens biflora and the ferns Polysti chum acrostichoides and Osmunda cinnamonea. The logs and rocks almost entirely blanketed with moss.”’ Millipeds collected at this place included Uroblaniulus immaculatus and Apheloria kleinpeteri. East of Marion, Va., fowleri was found in a typical Magnolia-Liriodendron “cove forest.” Disrripution: West side of the Iron Mountains and crossing the Great Valley to the folded Appalachians at Big Walker Mountain west of Wytheville. Known from the following localities: Viracinta. Bland County: Big Walker Mountain, 10 miles east of Bland Court House, Fowler and Hoffman, June 24, 1950 (USNM, RLH). Grayson County: Comer’s Rock, 3,800-4,000 feet, Leslie Hubricht, June 17, 1950 (RLH). Smyth County: Five miles east of Marion, Hoffman, May 4, 1954, Hoffman and Keeton, Aug. 22, 1954 (RLH). Washington County: Laurel Creek at Damascus, Leslie Hubricht, May 28, 1951 (RLH). The range of this subspecies is the most interesting to be found for Dixvioria. It is perhaps as great as that of pela, and embraces almost as much altitudinal variation. More pertinent is the fact that Big Walker Mountain is the only known station for a Dixioria outside the southern section of the Blue Ridge physiographic province. The situation is quite like that which obtains in the case of the plethodontid salamander Plethodon jordani metcalfi Brimley, which is likewise restricted to the Blue Ridge Province except for a single locality (Burke’s Garden, Tazewell County, Va.) less than a dozen miles from Walker Mountain. This distribution is strongly suggestive of former continuity in a northwest-southeast direction, which is even today marked by the rugged country forming the divide between the head- waters of the Holston River and tributaries of the Kanawha. Judging from the distribution of the two races, as well as the evidence available in gonopod structure, it seems likely that coronata is to be regarded as a high altitude counterpart of fowleri. That the two are subspecifically related is shown both by the quality level of gonopod differences as well as by two male specimens from Comer’s Rock, which, although cited under fowleri, appear to be intergrades that I am unable to place in either of the two races. The gonopods are like those of coronata in the tibiotarsal processes, but similar to fowler in the shape of the prefemoral process. Comer’s Rock is also an intermediate locality both horizontally and vertically, as shown by the map. Five males from Damascus are indistinguishable in every respect from the type series. But intergradation is certainly to be expected in the Damascus area, where future collecting can be profitably carried on. MILLIPED GENUS DIXIORIA—HOFFMAN 15 Dixioria pela wrighti, new subspecies Figure 1,f Typn specimens: Holotype, allotype, and paratype (USNM 2014), collected along the east side of Grandfather Mountain about 5 miles northeast of Linville, Avery County, N. C. (U. S. Highway 221), on Aug. 3, 1949, R. L. Hoffman. Driacnosts: This is one of the most distinct members of the genus. Prefemoral process of gonopod elongate, slender, and distally bent at a right angle; femur very slender, bent at two places rather than evenly arcuate; process B of tibiotarsus very large, becoming broader distally and abruptly truncate, and widely separated from the recurved end of the solenomerite. Econocy: The specimens taken by me were collected from beneath slabs of bark and under logs residual to a roadside lumbering opera- tion. The elevation was about 3,200 feet, and the locality had been well-drained mesic forest. A large number of immature specimens of the salamander Plethodon yonahlossee Dunn was found. Disrrinution: On and adjacent to the Blue Ridge proper in the vicinity of the Grandfather Mountain massif in Avery and Watauga Counties, N. C., and probably in adjacent counties as well. Geo- graphically as well as morphologically, wrighti is intermediate between pela and coronata. Collections made in the area north of Grandfather Mountain, particularly in Ashe County, N. C., and Johnson County, Tenn., are needed to close the present gap between the known ranges of the two. Known from the following localities: Norra Carona. Avery County: On U.S. Highway 221, about 1 mile north of its intersection with the Blue Ridge Parkway, Hoffman, Aug. 3, 1949 (RLH); west side of Grandfather Mountain, between Banner Elk and Newland, Hoffman, May 30, 1953 (RLH); ‘Blowing Rock to Linville,” 3,000 to 4,000 feet, collector not stated, Sept. 7, 1930 (MCZ). Watauga County: Howard’s Creek, at Boone, Mike Wright, Aug. 25, 1948 (RLH). The specimen from Boone appears to be an intergrade, being like wrighti in the shape of the prefemoral process and like coronate as regards the tibiotarsal processes. Much collecting still needs be done in the western part of Avery County, where pela and wrightt appear to intergrade. Dixioria dactylifera, new species FIGURE 2 TYPE SPECIMENS: Male holotype and topoparatypes of both sexes (AMNH), collected at Mill Hill, Ashe County, N. C., by C. M. and R. D. Breder in August 1910. Male paratype (USNM). 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Dracnosis: Similar in general to Dixioria pela as described in detail above, but differing from that species in the following respects: vert- igial groove of head distinct but not obviously punctate; caudal margin of collum swept forward laterally and its ends somewhat more acute, marginal groove of anterior-lateral edge more distinct; upper surface of paranota with a more pronounced vermiculate sculpture which extends slightly farther onto the dorsum than the very faint rugae of pela; all sternites with at least eight setae, some of those near the gonopods with as many as 16-20; coxal spines ereatly reduced, apparent only as low remnants on a few of the caudalmost legs; sternal aperture of gonopods much larger and wider than in pela, Ficure 2.—Left male gonopod of male paratype of Dixtoria dactylifera. extending laterad at least 0.5 mm. beyond outer ends of coxal sockets of 8th legpair; process A of male gonopod absent, process B much enlarged, digitiform, larger than the solenomerite; and prefemoral process much shorter and bulkier. Ecouocy: I know nothing of the circumstances under which the type series was collected. The localities at which the Breders col- lected during the summer of 1910 are in the hilly country of central and western Ashe County, mostly at an elevation of less than 4,500 feet. DistriBuTION: Known only from the type locality and immediate vicinity, in the central western part of Ashe County, N. C. MILLIPED GENUS DIXIORIA—HOFFMAN 17 RELATIONSHIPS Generic: Dizioria is a member of the group of genera in which the sternites are not strongly spined or lobed, the repugnatorial pores open dorsolaterally through a distinct peritreme, the coxae of the gonopods are without a long process, the prefemora are globosely swollen and densely setose, and the telopodite is long, slender, and unbranched, forming nearly a complete circle. This group also in- cludes the genera Apheloria and Brachoria, of which the former is obviously the closer relative. Both of these genera contain forms which are distinctly broader in proportion to their length than are the forms of Dixioria. Brachoria contains several species in which CORONATA BROOKS| FOWLERI y ACUMINATA WRIGHTI PELA Figure 3.—Diagram of the probable relationships of the subspecies of Dixioria pela. the paranota are broadly rounded caudally as in Dizioria, and the cyphopods of the two genera are similar. The males of Brachoria, however, are singular in that the telopodite is interrupted at about its midlength by a distinct constriction or flexible articulation. The gonopod of Apheloria differs chiefly in lacking subterminal processes on the telopodite, here again the cyphopods are quite similar. In none of the Aphelorias, however, are the caudal corners of the mid- body paranota rounded off. SusGeNnerRic: As here conceived, Dizxioria is composed of two species, one of which is divisible into six geographic races. Both of 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 these species seem to have had a common ancestor; in fact, it is en- tirely probable that dactylzfera is little more than an extreme develop- ment of the trend in the pela-group toward increase in the size of process B and reduction in the length and arch of the telopodite blade. It has also largely lost the small but acute coxal spines found in pela. The subspecies of pela constitute a distinct Rassenkreis pattern, SY 3 RRKRK eee Se LL Figure 4.—Distribution of the subspecies of Dixioria pela in western North Carolina, northeastern Tennessee, and southwestern Virginia. The area is included by the head- waters of the Holston River on the upper left, of the New River on the lower right, and the Nolichucky River on the lower left. Dixioria pela pela is represented by solid circles, D. p. acuminata by a solid inverted triangle, D. p. brooksi by a solid upright triangle, D. p. fowleri by open squares, D. p. coronata by solid squares, and D. p. wrighti by open circles. Intermediate samples are indicated by an X, and are discussed in the text under one form or the other of the two involved. forming nearly a closed circle, and involving modification from a simple gonopod to a more complicated one (or vice versa) in three major succeeding forms. That systematically different forms rather than a single geographically variable one are involved is borne out by the fact that each of the groups is homogeneous within itself, even though its range may extend almost a hundred miles. Intergradation MILLIPED GENUS DIXIORIA—-HOFFMAN 19 between these large, relatively stable, populations, in the few known instances, occurs in narrow belts between them. A diagram (fig. 3) indicates the relationships of the subspecies of pela, of which lines of affinity are obvious from both geographical and structural considerations. I have omitted only an indication of the direction of evolution. That it has been linear is indicated by the progressive nature of the changes and by the fact that the most modi- fied form (wrighti) finds itself juxtaposed geographically with the simplest (pela). I believe that this militates effectively against the possibility of simultaneous, in situ evolution from a widespread parent stock. The geographical evidence suggests a northward spread through the Iron Mountains, the encounter of a physiographic barrier (the reduction of the uplands by the New River and Tennessee River head- waters) and subsequent exploration back to the south on a subparallel but isolated mountain range. The presence of Dixioria pela fowler on Big Walker Mountain in Bland County, Va., indicates that its isolation from the bulk of the Dizioria population to the southeast must have been relatively recent, perhaps by acceleration of base- leveling by a local uplifting during the Quarternary. Literature cited Causey, NELL B. 1942. Six new diplopods of the family Xystodesmidae. Ent. News, vol. 53, pp. 165-170, 9 figs. CHAMBERLIN, RaupH VY. 1918. New polydesmoid diplopods from Tennessee and Mississippi. Psyche, vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 122-127. 1947. Some records and descriptions of diplopods chiefly in the collection of the Academy. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 99, pp. 21-58, 73 figs. Horrman, Ricwarp L. 1949. Nine new xystodesmid millipeds from Virginia and West Virginia, with records of established species. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 99, pp. 371-389, 18 figs. U. S. 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Salles Jo aya ant aD : > aa i a - >» € s - 7° i : Mf + : Bac 6 I ss 7 ‘ > - ae : : ol? b - a 7 ~ 7 i 7 = Sire - Wh edu ne hd. ee 4 ) af \s oh thot , 1 - - 7 - a re : x ‘) (ora ort is — < Lo ; ia. “e 7 Te" ; . Fee SPR Ne ee re er re 7 - sen 1 7 ss ; ive a 7 7 - r i - % a 7 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM N U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 106 Washington: 1956 No. 3363 A REVISION OF THE FLIES OF THE GENUS RIVELLIA (OTITIDAE, DIPTERA) OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO ' By Ryoji Namba? The genus Rivellia was established in 1830 by Robineau Desvoidy to include three species, R. herbarum, R. viridulans, and R. boscit. Since then, as far as I know, papers by Loew (1873), Hendel (1914a), and Cresson (1924) are the only ones of an extensive nature on the Rivellia of America north of México. The few papers mentioned above include no consideration of male genitalia, which have proved to be exceedingly useful systematically in other Diptera. Furthermore, these papers appear to be based on a very limited amount of material. The group, therefore, seemed to be in need of revision. Study of the male genitalia, wing banding, chaetotaxy, pruinosity, color, and other characters has enabled me to recognize 30 species from the above-mentioned geographical area. Of these, 13 are described asnew. Since the previously described species have been inadequately described in regard to the characters which were found to be most useful, they are redescribed more fully here. 1 This is paper No. 3158 of the Scientific Journal Series, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minn. 2 University of Hawaii, Hawaii Agricultural Experimental Station, Honolulu, Hawaii. 367314—56——-1 21 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 108 In the course of this study, the types of nine species (Rivellia melliginis, R. brevifasciata, R. cognata, R. micans, R. floridana, R. variabilis, R. pallida, R. flavimana, and R. severini) and a total of approximately 3,500 specimens were examined. I am unable to recognize 2. atriventris Hendel.? Very little is known of the biology of this genus. Fitch (1885) recorded his observations of the activities of the adults of R. melliginis on apple trees. Piersol’s (1907) paper is the only other published biological note that has appeared. Herein are recorded biological notes on six species: Rivellia flavimana, R. metallica, R. melliginis, R. coquilletti, R. pallida, and R. winifredae. These notes will be found in the discussions of the respective species. The readily discernible differences between the male aedeagi of most of the species offer good characters for the identification of species in this group. In most specimens the aedeagus is retracted and thus concealed within the abdomen. To expose the aedeagus, which is located terminally on the long phallotheca, it is first necessary to relax a dried specimen for a day. The phallotheca is usually looped beneath the fifth tergite on the right side of the abdomen. By using a No. 00 insect pin, which is hooked at the tip, the phallotheca can be pulled out from beneath the tergite. Further pulling of the phallotheca will expose the aedeagus. Sometimes the phallotheca will break before the aedeagus is exposed, in which case the tip of the abdomen is cut off at about the middle of the fourth segment with a pair of fine scissors. The severed part is then boiled or soaked in 10 percent KOH to get rid of noncuticular material which obscures the aedeagus. In fresh material the aedeagus should be exserted before flexibility is lost. I am deeply indebted to Dr. C. E. Mickel and Dr. E. F. Cook of the Department of Entomology and Economic Zoology at the Uni- versity of Minnesota for advice throughout this work. For the gen- erous loan of material I wish to thank Dr. E. A. Chapin, who was curator of insects at the U. S. National Museum at the time this study was made, Mr. C. F. W. Muesebeck of the Section of Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction, Entomology Research Branch, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Mr. J. A. G. Rehn of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Dr. C. H. Curran of the American Museum of Natural History, Mr. G. E. Shewell of the Canadian National Collection, Prof. H. J. Reinhard of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, Dr. J. L. Laffoon of Iowa State College, Dr. D. L. Wray of the North Carolina Department of Agri- culture, Dr. H. Dietrich of Cornell University, Dr. G. F. Knowlton 3 The combination of “‘rotgelbe’”’ thorax, ‘‘Derobere Hinterkopfist seitlich etwas blau,” “‘Der Hinterleib ist ganz und gar metallisch blauschwarz, glinzend,’’ and “die Kostalzelle hyalin”’ is not present in any of the species available. FLIES OF GENUS RIVELLIA—NAMBA 23 of the Utah State Agricultural College, Dr. M. T. James of the State College of Washington, Prof. E. L. Kessel of the California Academy of Sciences, Dr. H. H. Ross of the State Natural History Survey Division of the State of Illinois, Dr. P. W. Fattig of Emory University, and Dr. R. H. Beamer of the University of Kansas. Thanks are also due to Mr. C. W. Sabrosky and Mr. R. R. Dreisbach for loan of material from their private collections, to Miss Mary Ellen Warters and Mr. B. Ebel, graduate students at the University of Minnesota, for aid in collecting /ivellia specimens, and to Mr. G. Steyskal for his valuable suggestions and loan of material from his collection. I express my sincere gratitude to the personnel of the U.S. National Museum, Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, and _ the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for courtesies extended when I visited these institutions to examine types, and to Mr. E. Séguy of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, for his valuable information on the types of R. viridulans, R. boscii, Herina quadrifasciata, and Urophora interrupta. Thanks are also due to Dr. John W. Moore, Botany Department, University of Minnesota, for his identification of plants. Lastly, to my wife, Winifred, I am grateful for her compilation of date and locality data and typing of the manuscript. The following abbreviations are used in the distribution data: Snow Entomological Collection, University of Kansas, SEC; Division of Entomology, North Carolina Department of Agriculture, NC; Iowa State College, ISC; Cornell University, CU; U. S. National Museum, USNM;; Illinois Natural History Survey, INHS; California Academy of Sciences, CAS; Emory University, EU; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ANSP; Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, TAM; Canadian National Collection, CAN; R. R. Dreisbach Collection, RRD; C. W. Sabrosky Collection, CWS; G. Steyskal Collection, GS; University of Minnesota, UM; American Museum of Natural History, AMNH; State College of Washington, SCW; GSMNP, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Genus Rivellia Robineau Desvoidy Rivellia Robineau Desvoidy, 1830, p. 729.—Rondani, 1856, p. 111; 1869, p. 28.— Schiner, 1864, p. 80.—Loew, 1873, p. 87.—Van Der Wulp, 1896, p. 179.— Williston, 1896, p. 116; 1908, p. 275.—Aldrich, 1905, p. 588.—Becker, 1905, p. 104.—Wingate, 1906, p. 326.—Hendel, 1914a, p. 152; 1914b, p. 85.— Curran, 1934, p. 281.—Hennig, 1945, p. 6. Type species: Musca syngenesiae Fabricius (=Rivellia herbarum Robineau Desvoidy). Type designation by Rondani (1856). The characters possessed by all Rivellia species considered in this paper are as follows: 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Heap: Frons dull, covered with short black setae; a narrow pruinose strip on each side on orbits. Upper fronto-orbital plates and ocellar triangle shining; upper fronto-orbital plates with two short reclinate setae on each side, the uppermost pair shorter, sometimes very much so; ocellar setae small, divergent, proclinate. Vertical setae long; inner verticals convergent, outer verticals divergent. Face concave from lateral view; with dorsal portion pruinose, ventral portion shining. Antenna with third segment elongated, almost reaching or surpassing oral margin; arista very short-plumose. Palpi with scattered black setae. Cheek with a strong seta on each side ventral to eye. Post- cranium convex from lateral view, somewhat flattened dorsal to neck; with scattered black setae. Tuorax: Mesonotum with many black setae; pruinose except for border next to head which is shining; two notopleural, one supra- alar, one postalar, and one intra-alar setae always present on each side. Scutellum pruinose except for shining apex; with a pair of long black apical setae, a shorter pair of black lateral setae, and a few short, black, submarginal setae. Postscutellum pruinose laterally, shining along the midline. Propleuron with cluster of pale, weak setae on disc, pruinose next to front coxa. Mesopleuron pruinose next to coxa and ventral to anterior spiracle; a long black seta on dorsal posterior corner. Pteropleuron with a narrow pruinose strip on posterior margin. Prosternum lightly pruinose; with weak, pale setae. Troracic APPENDAGES: Front legs: Coxa with comblike row of black setae at tip on inside; femur with long setae on outside; tibia with comblike row of setae at tip. Middle legs: Tibia with one long spur at tip. Hind legs: Coxa with two long setae on outside; tibia with comblike row of setae at tip. Wing banding may be reduced as in R. brevifasciata, but banding in general is as follows: First band extends along costal margin from base of wing to just proximad of tip of auxiliary vein, where it turns posteriorly toward and usually into discal cell proximad of anterior crossvein. Second band originates on costal margin just proximad of tip of first vein and extends posteriorly over anterior crossvein and usually into discal cell. Third band originates on costal margin proximad of tip of second vein and extends over posterior crossvein. Fourth band extends along costal margin from tip of second vein to tip of fourth vein. Discal cell elongate, broadened apically. Anterior crossvein meets the fourth vein distad of center of discal cell. First vein with many short, black setae on its entire length dorsally. Third vein sparsely covered with short, black setae dorsally. Costa covered with short, black setae. FLIES OF GENUS RIVELLIA—NAMBA 25 Axspomen: First five tergites with short, reclinate, black setae. Ninth tergite and cerci of males covered with setae. Pruinosity on the various parts of body white. Key‘to the species of Rivellia of Americasnorth of México i, Strong humeral setae present. . . . - - 2 + ee ee ee ee ee 2 Strong humeral setae absent. ........-. Stas ao a says 2 (1). Posterior dorsocentral setae absent. ...... .- R amabilis Loew Posterior dorsocentral setae present. ... . Search 3 (2). The part of first basal cell contiguous to ecard asa ell completely banded; tip of first band joined to second band or very nearly so. . 4 That part of first basal cell not completely banded; either not banded at all or partly banded; tip of first band distinctly separated from second band)... .<, = .- Logik S 3 & S 5 = & S Busoisp.. 220 Lies rie Tis eee XBR Ue EEC SPREE eRe ee eee I Plethodon ghutinosus_......._..___------ m oe al esl oe lee se | ee j PEXSGDENE COTOUIG - = eee eae ee Ke ee ee eel ee ween eee eee) Seelonorius undidatyus FF eet Sey Os = me CES Ph ANT ae oe CEA ES gh CSE Sees Agkistrodon mokasen.....-.------------|------]=+---- Sse ee Se ese bey wal Ee ee { Dr yOUGLES UILOS Ese ne ee re ee ee ee eee Fee eee ee cere | eee ee ees eee Thryothorus ludovicianus.........-.----|.-----|------ x pe Poe ee a ee ee J TPuUsdus Mignaloviue ssi os ee |e eee So ]essi ea ie eel 2 ere eee cee | Richmondene cardinalis.........-..:---.|--.---]----- Kop eal seat Sess | eal eres | eee | ee eee P| Didelphigicirginiqnas...- == 2 =e eee fhe Mae | a eater Ke Tes oe j Blaring brevicaudas ne ee ee eee ae eee eee 2 eecaliae ses eeeeealee eae Ue ee x Procyon lotor2.2. R223 G9 ce BONS ay eG Ns NS BC oe RLS See eee Sciurus.c. carolinensté..................|_..35 We ese x ile Ee eee x 2c Glauicomysi0.volans. 222220222 -205. A | a ee Se | a eee x 2S Perompsctis leucopus... --.---.=--2-=2--)---2--|----- Sori ae ee ee x x x, losses x : Sigmodon hispidus komareki_...........|.---_-|_----.].-----|_----- oo | ele) ee eee eee , Microtue p. penneylvuanieuss..- 62-22 - |e ee|_ yl etl moe de. eae 2 # Ondatra 2ibethien-.=-~2. secs he cel eee g ~ lose bcllees petted} ee sj Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus_......._-|-----.|------ x |e. ia ee ee ee E Sylvilague.p-palusizie:~ 4-5) 6s oe paces lee eee eee 3 lcaede Seas ese : samples from surface soil in hardwoods. One of the sites was the — os type locality of E. carolinensis (pl. 2). Two sites (pl. 2, upper right and lower left) with three samples each gave six of the positive samples from under old stumps and from decayed-out — root systems; another site in two samples gave one positive and the only negative for this niche. Fifteen samples from one stub (pl. 2) resulted in nine of the positive samples taken under loose bark of standing dead stubs and trees. Another stub gave one — a Get aad x. 1 BPARREEL, PEATE 106 PROC. U. S. NAT. MUS. VOL C3 N. Forest, Division, Duke ‘tia and th: Durham On t Compartmen ’ forest Upland hardwood ir common hosts. x as habitat of species of Euschéng PLATE 2 Upper left: Type locality of Euschéngastia carolinensis, Compartment 77, Durham Division, Duke Forest, N. C. The chiggers were recovered from soil at the base of the shrub. Upper right: Type locality of Euschéngastia subra, Compartment 76, Durham Division, Duke Forest, N. C. The small, curved, decayed stump (at the left, upper edge of the large shadow) was removed. The chiggers were recovered from the debris under the stump. Lower left: Cavities left by decomposition of a root system, Compartment 76, Durham Division, Duke Forest, N. C. For the photograph the stump was lifted from its position in the ground. A few Trombicula farrell, Euschéngastia rubra, and E. setosa and many £. peromysci were recovered from the debris in the cavities. Lower right: Standing dead stub, Compartment 8, New Hope Creek Division, Duke Forest, N. C. Identified from wood and bark samples as “one of the red oaks” by Dr. E. S. Harrar, Department of Forestry, Duke University. Trombicula splendens adults and Trombicula sp. adults, nymphs, and larvae were collected from the debris under the loose bark of the stub. One undetermined adult trombiculid was collected from the debris at the base. Peromyscus leucopus with Euschéngastia peromysci and FE. rubra in its ears was trapped at the base of the stub. No unattached Fuschéngastia was taken at this site. EARRELL, PEATE 2 106 PROG. U. S. NAT. MUS. VOL. ee mi: ? ARS a CING PAGE FA EXPLANATION ON PLATE 3 Upper: Andropogon field, Compartment 16, New Hope Creek Division, Duke Forest, N. C. The field is small and partly surrounded by upland hardwoods. Peromyscus leu- copus, infested with species of Luschéngastia, was trapped in the surrounding hardwoods but was never taken in the field. Microtus, Sigmodon, and Reithrodontomys were trapped in the field but never in the surrounding hardwoods. Microtus and Sigmodon were parasitized by Trombicula whartoni but never by Euschéngastia. Trobicula whartoni was never collected from Peromyscus leucopus. Lower: Detached Euschéngastia peromysci on the ear of Peromyscus leucopus, the deer mouse, X 5.5. PARRELLE, PLATE 3 106 PROC. U. S. NAT. MUS. VOL PROC. U. S. NAT. MUS. VOL. FARRELL, PLATE 4 Photomicrographs of scuta, X 975. Upper: Euschéngastia trigenuala. Middle: £. diversa acuta. Lower: E. rubra. Fa.) NR se INA NU SS VOL O'S PARRELL, “PLATES Photomicrographs of scuta, X 975. Upper: Euschéngastia crateris. Middle: £. carolinensis. Lower: E. blarinae. CHIGGERS—-FARRELL 113 positive in six samples. The hollow base of one tree was sampled twice with one positive. TABLE 5.—Distribution of unattached chiggers and postlarval stages of trombiculids collected from ecological niches in the Duke Forest area, October 1947 to March 1950 Total Niches sampled Total | positive samples | samples Surface soil, flelds and thickets 16 6 Surface litter and debris 7 2 Surface soil and humus 27 6 Soil, 5 to 15 cm. depth 1 1 Soil, 19 to 30 cm. depth 1 1 Soil and debris under logs 1 0 Mammal runways and burrows 6 4 Hollow base of tree 5 3 Humus from logs and stumps 9 2 Under old stumps and decayed-out 13 12 root systems Under bark of fallen trees 4 0 Humus from decaying branch 1 1 against stub Under loose bark of standing dead 35 12 hardwood trees and stubs Under loose bark of pine stub 1 0 Debris scraped from standing dead 1 0 tree Debris from crotch of oak tree 2 0 Cavity in living tree 3 1 Leaf accumulations in hollow logs 4 3 Peromyscus n. nuttalli nest, occupied Zz 0 Peromyscus n. nuttalli nest, deserted 3 1 Seiurus c. carolinensis nest, occupied 1 1 Seiurus e. carolinensis nest, deserted 1 0 Sylvilagus fioridanus mallurus nest, 1 1 about one day vacant, thicket Ant nest in pine stump 1 0 Chiggers and post- larval trombiculids T. alfreddugési nymphs and adults. E. peromysci Trombiculid adult . blarinae . peromysci rubra carolinensis whartont peromysci rubra SEAS . blarinae . peromysci Trombiculid adult New genus E. rubra Walchia sp. Trombiculid nymph . peromysci . blarinae . carolinensis . peromysct . rubra (one engorged) . setosa T. farrelli Trombiculid adults && Hee && Trombicula sp. T. farrelli T. splendens adults Trombicula sp. Trombicula sp. nymphs and adults Trombicula sp. Walchia sp. E. peromysci Trombiculid nymph Trombiculid adults T. whartoni (engorged) T. alfreddugési (engorged) Positive samples a a | ee o ee NO Oe _ Ome ROW N ND HHH ee we ~ CoRrW He 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 All five species of Huschéngastia that were collected from hosts in the Duke Forest area were recovered also in the unattached and unengorged condition from one or more of these samples. EF}. peromysci occurred in twenty samples; E. rubra, in ten; EF. blarinae, in four; E. carolinensis, in four; and EH. setosa, in one. The number of chiggers recovered from a positive sample usually was small—from one to three specimens. However, a few samples collected under decayed stumps produced a great many E. pero- mysct. Other species were never numerous. Most productive samples were taken under old stumps and in holes left by decayed roots (pl. 2), and in the runways of mammals. No collection of Euschongastia was made from standing living or dead trees; none was made from fallen trees or branches unless decay was well advanced and a hollow formed; and none was made from fields (pl. 3, upper). All positive samples were from forest soil or from sources in intimate contact with it. Three collections of white trombiculid adults, a total of seven specimens, were made from material gathered under the remov- able stump at the type locality of HF. rubra (pl. 2, upper right). These probably were Euschéngastia, but confirmation of this could not be made. Phylum ARTHROPODA Subphylum CHELICERATA Class ARACHNIDA Order ACARINA Suborder TROMBIDIFORMES Group PROSTIGMATA Family TROMBICULIDAE Ewing, 1944, Subfamily Trombiculinae Ewing, 1929 Genus Euschongastia Ewing, 1938 FIGURE 8,b Schéngastia Oudemans [part], 1910, pp. 86, 87 (fide Sig Thor and Willmann, 1947, p: 297): Neoschongastia Ewing [part], 1929d, pp. 22, 28, 188. Euschéngastia Ewing, 1938, p. 293. Euschongastia, Vitzthum, 1942,-p. 829 (treated as a subgenus of Schongastia Oudemans, 1910). Ascoschongastia Ewing [part], 1946b, p. 71. Boshellia Ewing, 1950, pp. 294-295, 296. CHIGGERS—FARRELL 115 TYPE OF GENUS: Euschongastia. americana Ewing, 19388 (= Euschéngastia sciuricola (Ewing, 1925)). Monotypic. MORPHOLOGY All chiggers have the same basic external form. The size is small, rarely more than a millimeter in length even when heavily engorged and greatly flattened in preservation on slides. (In this paper the dimensions of length and width are given in microns.) Colors range through white, cream, yellow, and various intensities or shades of red. The body is oval or ovoid in shape, more or less inflated, in one unit without apparent segments. Attached to the anteroventral portion are two pairs of jointed appendages, the pedipalps and the chelicerae, which constitute the mouthparts or gnathosoma. From the base of each palp a flaplike process, the galea, curves forward and upward around the anterolateral surface of each chelicera. Immediately posterior to the gnathosoma on the lateral portions of the ventral surface are three pairs of jointed walking legs terminating in two lateral claws and a median empodium. On the anterodorsal surface, slightly posterior to the gnathosoma, is a sclerotized plate, the scutum. One or two pairs of simple eyes, usually, are located lateral to the scutum. The body surface is covered with cuticular striae which generally encircle the scutum and the basal segments of the legs. Posteriorly the striae tend to run at right angles to the longitudinal body axis. The anus is situated on the ventral surface considerably anterior to the apparent posterior end of the mite. The mouth is not obvious but is located at the bases of the chelicerae and the palps. The body is clothed with trans- verse rows of setae. These setae are usually more or less plumed by setules, tapered projections from the central shaft. The galeae, the segments of the palps, and the segments of the legs bear setae which are nude or plumed with setules. Nude striated setae may be found on the final segment of the palps and on the three distal segments of the walking legs.. The scutum carries setae, usually with setules, which vary in number in various groups of chiggers. Two specialized setae, the sensillae, are always found on the scutum. The sensillae arise from pits, the pseudostigmata. In some groups of chiggers true stigmata are located near the base of the gnathosoma. Indented in the pos- terior edge of the first or proximal segment of the first pair of walking legs is a pit, the urstigmen. The scutum, segments of the palps, the basal segment of the chelicerae, and the segments 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 of the legs may be decorated with punctations, or punctae. Punctae are usually described as pits in the cuticle. Within the basic chigger pattern the genus Huschongastia, as it is now known in North America, has its own basic form (figs. 1-3). The size varies but all specimens have been less than a millimeter in length. Measurements are made from specimens preserved on slides. The length is the over-all measurement from the posterior edge of the body to the most anterior extension of the body or the gnathosoma. The width is the widest dimension. Shape, unless otherwise indicated, is taken from specimens pre- served on slides. Color is recorded from living specimens. The gnathosoma is compact and somewhat cone-shaped. The palps have five segments. The basal segments of the two palps, the coxae, are fused to form a single ventromedian plate. It is usually marked with punctae. Also fused with it are the tro- chanters, although the line of fusion often can be determined. At the anterolateral corners of the fused coxae, posterior to the union with the trochanters, is a pair of curved setae with setules along the outer curvature. The palpal coxa is often referred to as palp 1 in descriptions and drawings. The palpal femur, palp 2, swells forward and upward. It is rounded laterally on the dorsal aspect but usually is somewhat excavated on the posterolateral surface from the ventral aspect. It bears on its dorsal surface, posterolaterally, a single seta which curves anteriorly. The seta is covered with setules except that the concave curvature adjacent to the palp tends to be nude. The palpal genu, palp 3, is a short truncate cone smoothly continuing the taper of the femur. On its dorsal surface is a single forward-curving seta which usually bears setules on the convex curvature. In two species normally and in a third occasionally, the seta is nude. The palpal tibia, palp 4, continues the taper of the genu and terminates in the palpal claw. It bears three setae. The first tibial seta is a forward-curving dorsal which usually has setules on the outer curvature. The second is lateral. It varies in different species and is much used as a taxonomic character. It may have numer- ous setules on its outer curvature and be described as pectinate ; it may bear only one or more setules, which can be counted easily, and be described as forked or branched; or it may be entirely nude. The third tibial seta is ventrolaterally placed. It usually projects laterally, and in all species except one has setules over the longitudinal dorsal half of the shaft. The palpal claw is divided into two to seven prongs in different species. When the CHIGGERS—FARRELL 117 length of the palpal claw is given in descriptions, the total length, including the basal portion imbedded in the tibia, is used. The tarsus, palp 5, is a short, thumblike segment attached ventrally to the tibia at the base of the palpal claw and opposable to it. In most species the tibia bears seven feathered setae—a large dorsal, three near the apex, and three basal and ventral. Ventrally, near the articulation with the tibia, the tarsus bears a striated seta, or spur. On each galea is a seta which in different species varies in form. It may be nude, forked, branched, or pectinate; or the setules may arise on opposite edges of the shaft. The galeal seta is an important taxonomic character. A chelicera is composed of two segments. The base is heavy, usually angulate laterally, and may have punctae on its dorsal surface. The distal segment is bladelike and curved. It bears near the apex a dorsolateral tooth, which sometimes cannot be found, and a larger ventrolateral tooth. The legs are composed of seven segments. By convention for brevity the three pairs of legs are numbered with Roman num- erals from anterior to posterior—I, II, and III. The segments of the legs are numbered with Arabic numerals. However, the two sets of numerals are not used together except in designating drawings. The coxa, or basal segment articulating with the body, is segment 1. The first freely movable segment, the trochanter, is segment 2. The femur is divided into two parts. The more proximal part is the basifemur, segment 3; and the more distal part is the telofemur, segment 4. The genu is segment 5. The tibia is segment 6. The most distal, terminal segment is number 7, the tarsus. On the leg segments are various specialized striated setae and nonspecialized feathered setae. Some are constant throughout the genus, others vary. All segments have non- specialized setae with setules. On all segments except the coxae and the trochanters these setae tend to lie parallel with the leg. Those on the coxae extend posteriorly. Those on the trochanters tend to curve ventrally and posteriorly around the segment. All are nude on the side adjacent to the leg or the body; the side op- posite to the leg or body bears setules of slightly varying length and form in different species. The segments may be marked with punctae. On the coxa of leg I is a nonspecialized seta attached near the anterior margin of the urstigmen. The trochanter bears a non- specialized seta attached proximally at the anterodorsal margin, curving posteriorly beneath the segment. The basifemur has a 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Subterminala Parasibtermternale Picrotibiala I 7ibcala LT Phecragenuala L Geruala L Gr2alhosoma Geruala I Tibcala Z Picrospur IT Spur IT First post-humeral setae oT Mi x * Wo Geniala II _Nor-specialized seta | Second post -humeral ms \ ¥ }} \ ~~ IZ yf row of setae Srepod cum Claws om Third post - humeral row of setae row of sefae x Fourth post -heameral , oe A Fitth por C- hernera La f row of setae Peslerior seta FIGURE 1.—Dorsal view of Euscéngastia oregonensis. CHIGGERS—FARRELL 119 we aati Prelarvala I ; Tarsus 1 Ss Tibca I > Genu LT SG | Telofemmur I \— 4 Basifemur I ——) or Troctiarnter £ fs Ee LSE Pretarsala lirstigmen Coxa L firsl sternal seta Second sternal sela Post-sternad setae Posterior sels FIGURE 2.—Ventsal view of Euschéngestia oregonenss. 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 | Blade of chelicera | ee Dorsal tibial seta | \— Lererel tibial seta | |___. Galeal seta ) AY Galea | ; Genual seta Femoral seta - ~uriclae Base of hekkcera Blade of helicera Falpal claw Galea TQ7SiL5 Yverxtral Libeal sela 7cbca 7Tavsal spur Geni Tarsal seta mon ~ specialized Femur Core ~S SS Coxal seta Punctae FIGURE 3.—a, Dorsal view of gnathosoma of Euschéngastia oregonensis; b, ventral view of same; c. scutum of E. oregonensis, with measurements of standard data (explana- tion of abbreviations on page 123). CHIGGERS—FARRELL 121 single nonspecialized seta attached distally at the posteroventral margin. The telofemur bears five nonspecialized setae, three proximally in a transverse row across the dorsal surface and two on the ventral surface. The genu bears four nonspecialized setae about evenly spaced around it on the proximal half. Usually it has, also, two rather long, pointed, striated, specialized setae— the genualae. One of these is dorsal and anterior; the other is posterior. A small, pointed, striated microgenuala is located dis- tally on the dorsal surface. The tibia usually has seven nonspe- cialized setae, one proximally on the dorsal surface, one at the middle of the anterior dorsal margin, one on the posterior dorsal margin, and four on the proximal half of the ventral surface. The tibia bears two striated, specialized tibialae. The tibiala on the distal, dorsal margin is somewhat blunt; the one proximal to it is pointed. Just posterior to the distal tibiala is a small, pointed, striated microtibiala. The tarsus bears about 22 non- specialized setae. Near the middle of its dorsal surface is a strong, blunt, striated scta, the spur. Slightly distal, usually, to the spur is a small pointed striated seta, the microspur. Distally and anteriorly, on an eminence of the tarsus in all but two species, are two striated setae. The larger and more distal of the two is the subterminala; the smaller, slightly more proximal, is the parasubterminala. Beyond the eminence of the tibia, the segment tapers quickly to the rather slender pretarsus, at the end of which are two lateral, curved claws with a thinner curved empodium between them. On the posterior edge of the pretarsus just proximal to the claws is a pointed, striated seta, the pretar- sala. The coxa of leg II is contiguous with coxa I. It has a long, nonspecialized seta attached at its posterior margin. A long, nonspecialized seta is fastened proximally on the anterodorsal margin of the trochanter. The basifemur bears two nonspecial- ized setae, one anterior and one posterior. The telofemur has four nonspecialized setae, three proximally in a transverse row across the dorsal surface and one on the anterior surface. The genu has three nonspecialized setae spaced around the proximal half. On its middorsal surface, usually, is a pointed, striated seta, the genuala. The tibia bears six nonspecialized setae—one anterior and one posterior on the dorsa! surface, two on the ventral sur- face, and one each on the anterior and posterior surfaces. Two striated setae, the tibialae, are located on the dorsal surface in tandem. The proximal tibiala is more pointed than the distal. 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 The tarsus bears about 16 nonspecialized setae. On its dorsal surface is a long, blunt, striated spur with a microspur just proximal to it. On the posterior edge of the pretarsus is the pointed, striated pretarsala. Two claws and an empodium similar to those on leg I are attached to the end of the pretarsus. The coxa in leg III is separated from coxa II, the distance increasing with engorgement. A single seta, usually, is attached near its anterior margin. The form of coxa III and the attach- ment of its seta vary slightly in different species. The trochanter has a nonspecialized seta attached proximally at the anterodorsal margin. The basifemur has two nonspecialized setae—a larger dorsal and a smaller ventral. On the proximal dorsal surface of the telofemur is a transverse row of three nonspecialized setae. The genu has three nonspecialized setae spaced around it. Usually there is a pointed, striated genuala on its dorsal surface. The tibia has six nonspecialized setae spaced around it. In about half the species a pointed, striated tibiala is found on the proxi- mal half of its dorsal surface. The tarsus bears about 15 non- specialized setae. One species has a long, nude, whiplike seta, a mastitarsala. The tarsus terminates in a pair of claws and a median empodium somewhat longer than those on legs I and II. The scutum varies in size and shape among the species of Euschéngastia. Ornamentation varies also, but ridges and punc- tae are usual. In some species the striated cuticle appears to have encroached upon or to have folded over the posterior or lateral margins. There are always five setae in addition to the sensillae. Near the middle of the anterior margin is the anterior median seta. At the corners between the anterior and lateral margins are the anterior lateral setae. At the angles between the lateral margins and the posterior margin are the posterior lateral setae. These setae are clothed with setules. The five scutal setae gen- erally resemble the dorsal setae. All Huschéngastia have expanded sensillae. The sensillae arise from the pseudostigmata, which are rather large and deep pits in the scutum. The slender, basal pedicel may gradually become larger in diameter and blend into the head of the sensilla; or it may increase very little and be distinctly set off from the enlarged head. The enlarged head is clothed with setules. In many species the posterior surface of the sensilla bears fewer and heavier setules than the anterior surface. For the determination of anterior and posterior sur- faces, the sensilla is considered to be standing erect on the scutum. The standard data of the scutum (fig. 3,c), which are included in descriptions of species, consist of measurements in microns CHIGGERS—FARRELL 123 of several dimensions of the scutum and the lengths of the setae. All measurements involving setae or sensillae start at the mid- point of the basal attachment. Often, the width of the sensilla is given and is indicated by an “x” following the length. Following are the explanations of the abbreviations used in connection with these dimensions: AW: Width of the scutum between the bases of the anterior lateral setae. PW: Width between the bases of the posterior lateral setae. AP: Distance between the bases of an anterior lateral seta and a posterior lateral seta on one side. SB: Distance between the sensillary bases, the points of attachment of the sensillae. ASB: Distance from the anterior margin to the bases of the sensillae. When the anterior setae are set on anterior expansions of the scutum, these expansions are included in ASB. For the purpose of determining standard data, the anterior margin is considered to lie at a straight, transverse line touching the most anterior points of these expansions. PSB: Distance from the bases of the sensillae to the posterior margin, which is considered to lie at a straight, transverse line touching the most posterior expansions of the scutum. AL: Length of an anterior lateral seta. AM: Length of the anterior median seta. PL: Length of a posterior lateral seta. S: Length of a sensilla. Two pairs of simple eyes usually are present. Two species have ocular plates. Two species have one pair of obscure eyes. Dorsal body setae are arranged in transverse rows which are usually distinct, especially in partly engorged specimens. A pair of humeral setae, one seta on each side of the body, is set off an- terolaterally in engorged specimens; but in unengorged specimens these setae may lie at the ends of the first transverse row. By convention in descriptions of chiggers the dorsal setal formula consists of listing serially the number of setae in each of the transverse rows, beginning with the humeral setae and proceed- ing posteriorly. Frequently there are setae on the lateral edges of the body not easily assignable to a row. These are inserted in the formula where they occur and are usually recognizable by be- ing smaller numbers between larger numbers. In a list of several dorsal formulae these so-called lateral setae will not be indicated in all specimens. The dorsal setae usually resemble the scutal setae. The form of the posterior setae may differ from that of the anterior setae. Particularly in unengorged chiggers, the setae project posteriorly somewhat parallel to the body. They tend to be nude on the side adjacent to the body. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 On the ventral surface of the body a pair of feathered setae is found between coxae I. These are the first or anterior sternal setae. The second or posterior sternal setae are located between coxae III. With one exception there is one pair of second sternals; in one species there are four second sternals. All sternals curve posteriorly and have relatively long and slender setules on the outer curvature. Posterior to coxae III the number of ventral setae varies with species and specimen. The arrangement into rows is indistinct in most species, and ordinarily no effort is made to count these setae by rows. A ventral setal formula consists of enumerating the first sternals and the second sternals plus the total number of setae posterior to the sternals. However, since the number of sternals is so constant in a species that deviations are considered anomalous, ventral formulae usually are not given in the descriptions. The number of sternals common to the species and the range of variation of the setae posterior to the sternals is given. All poststernal setae may be similar to the dorsals; or there may be a rather sharp change in form about the level of the anus. In the latter case the setae posterior to the anus have the form of the dorsals; and those anterior to the anus have a dif- ferent form. Ventral setae lie somewhat parallel to the body and tend to be nude on the side adjacent to the body. In the descriptions of the species and groups of species a gen- eral description will not be repeated. Attention will be concen- trated on those features which at this time appear to be important in making combinations of species or in differentiating them. In plates 9-21, the appendages and their segments are referred to by numbers. The order of the appendages and their parts are the same as has been followed in this general description of the morphology of the genus. All measurements are in microns. DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of Euschéngastia by Fuller (1952), after emen- dation, has been adopted for this paper: All legs with seven seg- ments; true stigmata and tracheae absent; empodium clawlike; no caudal plate; eyes usually present; coxa II with a single seta; scutum with five setae in addition to sensillae; scutum not sub- merged beneath the cuticular striae; sensillae expanded distally; chelicerae bladelike, each with a single dorsal tooth; palpal claw with two to seven prongs. A note should be added to this diagnosis. In the closely related genus Neoschéngastia the scutum is submerged beneath the cutic- ular striae. In a few species of Huschéngastia cuticular striae 2 CHIGGERS—FARRELL 125 appear to have folded over the posterior portion of the scutum, occasionally over the lateral margins. 10. i, 12. 13. 14, 15. Key to species of Euschdngastia of North America Mibtalawlelespresencr ! (Ades ccucctlasate deere s cles sec we uses ese he wes 2 Now tibialay PETS, 226 oo os Seciecter dente s seca ble eet races he ges cen eed 14 No subterminala or parasubterminala I (“lacerta” group) ........ 3 Subterminala and parasubterminala I present ............eceeeeees 4 One genuala I; microspur I distal to spur ........ 1. E. lacerta Brennan Two genualae I; microspur I proximal to spur. 2. E. bigenuala, new species Palpal claw with two prongs; a mastitarsala III present. 3. E. nunezi (Hoffmann) Papal claw with more than two prongs; no mastitarsala III ........ 5 Palpal claw with more than three prongs; sensillae elongate-clavate, joining” with. pedicels “ini gradual, taper. (..<. sce ss bee esse ss eens 6 Palpal claw with three prongs; sensillae capitate or subcapitate, heads more: abruptiy. ‘distinct from pedicels = vac. Jocssescece ss ccceces 9 Mhree, SeHUAIAes Es s.c eased oles «ess eles wees 4, E. trigenuala, new species PINWOLDOCNUAL ACM aries testeticisict cic sieveretn ee ieeisiticreete sc. cle sieie of ore oiarevereis) o-oncyee = 7 One pair of eyes, or corneas indistinct or lacking; galeal seta nude. 5. E. pipistrelli Brennan Two pairs of eyes, corneas distinct; galeal seta branched .......... 8 Lateral seta on palpal tibia branched ....... 6. E. oregonensis (Ewing) Lateral seta on palpal tibia nude ............ 7, E. samboni (Radford) Scutum with only two crescentie ridges, one anterior to each pseudo- SUID INAS saterahe wie allele esol aatatw 6, aerafale aleve, sate sa ais are awn oiere wiwle,@calene in @'¥ abies we 10 Scutum with three joined ridges, one anterior to each pseudostigma and a third extending from the apexes of these anteriorly around the anterior ‘medianmseta. (rubra SOUP) occ oscce cee ceweee tesenaceee 11 Ventral setal formula begins 2-2 ............ 8. E. peromysci (Ewing) Ventral setal formula begins 2-4 ............. 9. E. cordiremus Brennan Lateral seta on palpal tibia pectinate; anterior and posterior dorsal SCCAGSIMIAT pc oxi favers owe % 08ets. coven oie) eitce ofalionstayers toretens) a. Stefalererareiers ote share a’ 12 Lateral seta on palpal tibia usually nude; anterior dorsal setae with numerous long setules, posterior dorsal setae with fewer, scalelike setules (i. .divensa,, NeW SPECIES) i -s.c.c ccc oe wale ce olwciels sco csiec es 13 Scutum smaller, PW less than 67 microns; range southern. 10. E. rubra, new species Scutum larger, PW about 77 microns; range northern. 11. E. magna, new species Palpal claw shorter, branching on proximal half, accessory prongs inter- rupting contour of claw ...... 12a. E. diversa diversa, new subspecies Palpal claw longer, branching on distal half, accessory prongs lying close. 12b. E. diversa acuta, new subspecies Paipal claw? with ‘three* prongs: 6. i506 ss secs obs letces detevice cones. 15 Palpalsclawiwith more: than three: prongs) ccc. 2 isk. Beis De tice ds tien oe aces 19 Two sétaetomicoxa: LE) 7.5). 62S rod. aleetslacte até 13, E. guntheri (Radford) ONnerBetaron COXA UP Ns cicoci cis: o aioveiere osievave oie fers fovea esis o.o0c ave wise he oi ates 16 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 16. Nonspecialized setae of leg I with numerous, fine, curved setules. Scutum with strong ridges anterior to each pseudostigma, pseudo- stigmata deeply recessed ......ceee eee cece tee e rece ceecseeees 7 Nonspecialized setae of leg I with rather few, heavy, straight setules. Scutum plain, or with ridges not strongly indicated, no deeply de- pressed areas (“luteodema” group) .....eeeeceeceecrereeeeeeeees 18 17. Lateral seta on palpal tibia with one or two thin setules (or nude, Brennan, 1948). sc,.0.6% > d=» farthest aan ee 14. E. criceticola Brennan Lateral seta on palpal tibia strongly pectinate.15. E. californica (Ewing) 18.. Novgenuala TE or UIT 2.6. acess 0% wie dfs Je pave. 16. E. luteodema Brennan Genuala II and III present ............... 17. E. marmotae, new species 19. AL’s and PL’s long, about 70-80 microns, and about the same length; scutum roughly rectangular ...........--- 18. E. hamiltoni Brennan AL’s much shorter than PL’s; scutum tends to be pointed at postero- lateral corners (“blarinae” group) .....ceeceeeeererereececeeees 20 20. Posterior dorsal setae leaflike, broad and thin with small setules on surface away from body .......--.seececeeecccceeesseecececees 21 Posterior dorsal setae with round shaft with setules grouped around it 22 21. About final three rows of dorsal setae flattened; range southern. 20. E. carolinensis, new species Flattened setae confined mostly to final dorsal row; range northern. 21. E. chicensis, new species 22. Scutum and leg segments distal to coxae with punctae ............- 23 Scutum and leg segments distal to coxae without punctae ......... 24 23. Cheliceral base with punctae; galeal setae strong with setules along OPPOSILE; CORES 6 ores oo wa cine wisisinsipeys aston 22. E. crateris, new species Cheliceral base without punctae; galeal setae branched. 19. E. blarinae (Ewing) 24. Head of sensilla cordiform; cheliceral base without punctae; range WESCOTM ai siateinncletors coker one obeicvousiete austere leleh=¥ herent 24. E. sciuricola (Ewing) Head of sensilla ovoid; cheliceral base with fine punctae; range eastern. 23. E. setosa (Ewing) The “lacerta” group The “lacerta” group consists of E. lacerta and E. bigenuala. The group is unique in the genus. The mites are very small. Body striae are fine. The anus is farther posterior than usual. Punctae on the cheliceral base are confined to the posterior portion. The number of body setae is reduced and the setae are small with fine setules. The nonspecialized setae of palps and legs are small with relatively few, fine setules. Tibia I has eight nonspecialized setae. The tarsi have fewer nonspecialized setae than usual, tarsus I having about 19 or 20, and tarsi II and III about 13 or 14. Sub- terminala and parasubterminala I are lacking. There are no genualae II and IIJ. The general shape and character of the scuta of the two species in the group are similar. The pseudostigmata are set in the bases of short ridges which bound them antero- medially. ————— CHIGGERS—FARRELL 127 l. Euschéngastia lacerta Brennan FIGURE 4,a; PLATES 6, 9 E. lacerta Brennan, 1948, pp. 465, 467-468, 477, figs. 2A-D, 9. DESCRIPTION : With the characters of the group. Size: Length, 330 to 350; width, 170 to 235. Shape: Oval or ovoid. Gnathosoma: Setae of palpal coxa, femur, and genu short, with few fine setules. Dorsal seta on palpal tibia fine with few setules; lateral seta fine with one or two fine setules; ventral seta with four or five fine setules. Palpal claw short, curved, stout, with three prongs, median longest and heaviest, but accessories stout. Tarsus small with four slender feathered setae and a tiny spur. Galeal seta fine with three to five fine setules. Cheliceral base slightly longer than broad; blade rather long and straight, curved at base and distal end; tiny dorsal tooth and larger ventral tooth distinct. Legs: Leg I with a rather strong microgenuala on the distal dorsal surface and a single, fine genuala posterior to it. Tibia with two small tibialae set obliquely on the distal dorsal surface and a microtibiala posterior to the more distal of the two. Tarsus with a stout spur on its middorsal surface and a small microspur distal and slightly posterior to it; pretarsala small. Punctae few on segments 4, 5, and 6, not always apparent on coxa. Leg II with two short, blunt tibialae. Tarsus with a long, slender spur, a comparatively long microspur proximal to the spur, and a short pretarsala. Punctae few and large on coxa and segments 3, 4, and 5. Leg III with a slender, curving tibiala. Coxal seta on proximal half set well back from anterior margin; a few large punctae on coxa. Scutum: About twice as wide as long. Anterior margin almost straight; lateral margins concave, curving posteriorly and later- ally, posterior margin generally convex, slightly concave adja- cent to the posterclaterals and medially. Setae slender with fine setules; anteromedian similar to anterolaterals and set well back from anterior margin; posterolaterals on slight elongations. Pseudostigmata near a line drawn connecting posterolaterals, varying from slightly anterior to slightly posterior, set appar- ently at an angle into the bases of short ridges arching over them anteromedially. Sensillae long, clavate, tapering from head to pedicel, widest about four-fifths the length from the base; covered with short, sharp setules which begin well down on the pedicel. Punctations lacking, but a small pit or pore present medial to each posterolateral seta. 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Standard data of three paratypes from Santa Cruz County, Calif. : AW PW AP SB ASB PSB AL AM PL S 47 68 PALL 24 22 13 18 25 29 ~ 4S 75 25 26 23 13 23 28 32 34 x 11 46 64 22 17 19 14 22 - 38 36 x 10 Eyes: Two pairs in ocular plates; cornea not well defined on posteriors; diameter of anteriors about 9; of posteriors, 6. Dorsal setae: Small, with short setules. Length of a humeral seta, 28; of a seta from the first row of posthumerals, 25; of a posterior seta, 19. Dorsal formulae of two paratypes from Santa Cruz County, Calif.: Dt Ge 210 else Seay eieie 2 Gla alGl oe GrarlS force Ventral setac: Sternals and poststernals anterior to anus with longer, finer setules than dorsals. Setae posterior to anus similar to dorsals. Length of a first sternal, 24; of a second sternal, 24; poststernals all about the same length, 19. Ventral formulae of two paratypes from Santa Cruz County, Calif. : 2.. 2 plus about 26 2 .. 2 plus about 24 MATERIAL: One paratype borrowed from the Rocky Mountain Laboratory and two from the U. S. National Museum. Specimens from host: Sceloporus o. occidentalis Santa Cruz County, Calif., Aug. 15, 1945, 8. DIAGNOSIS: E. lacerta differs from E. bigenuala, the other member of the “lacerta” group, by having a single genuala I, the microspur I distal to the spur, and the eyes in ocular plates. REMARKS: E. lacerta is known from only one collection of four specimens, the type series. It is the only North American Euschingastia reported from a cold-blooded vertebrate host. 2. Euschdngastia bigenuala, new species FIGURE 4,a; PLATES 6, 9 DESCRIPTION: With the characters of the group. Size: Length, 350; width, 235. Shape: Oval. Gnathosoma: Palps and chelicera similar to those of E. lacerta. Blade of chelicera more curved. Palpal claw with three prongs. Galeal seta with one setule. CHIGGERS—FARRELL 129 Legs: Similar to EH. lacerta. Genu I with two genualae, one dor- sal and one posterior, and a rather long microgenuala. Microspur I proximal to spur. Spur I more distal than in E. lacerta. Tibialae shorter than in E. lacerta. All leg segments with conspicuous punctae. Scutum: Generally similar to that of EK. lacerta. Anterior mar- gin concave with a slight convexity near the anterior median seta. Lateral margins more concave than in E£. lacerta and the four corners more elongated. Pseudostigmata much closer together. Sensillae missing from specimen. Punctate. Cuticular striae ap- pear to encroach on lateral margins. Standard data of the holotype, from Galveston County, Tex.: AW vcbWe, «AP: SB ASB PSB: AL, AM,\3PL S 44 63 24 10 23 13 26 27 39 - Eyes: Corneas of anterior eyes distinct; diameter, 9; posterior eyes indistinct. No ocular plate. Dorsal setae: Similar to E. lacerta. Length of a humeral seta, 35; of a seta from the first posthumeral row, 36; of a posterior seta, 20. Dorsal formula of the holotype: 2.6.6.6.6.4. Ventral setae: More numerous than in FZ. lacerta. Length of a first sternal, 25; of a second sternal, 18; poststernals all about the same length, 18. Ventral formula of the holotype: 2.2 plus about 40. MATERIAL: Holotype only, USNM 1989. From host: Sigmodon sp. Galveston County, Tex., Aug. 8, 1947. DIAGNOSIS: EF. bigenuala differs from EH. lacerta, the other member of the “lacerta” group, by lacking ocular plates, by hav- ing two genualae I, and by having its microspur I proximal to the spur. REMARKS: Only one incomplete specimen of FH. bigenuala has been collected. The very important sensillae are missing. How- ever, the morphology of the group is so unusual and the correla- tion of Euschéngastia bigenuala with it is so complete that there can be little doubt of its position. EF. bigenuala is named for the two genuala I which distinguish it from L. lacerta. 3. Euschoéngastia nunezi (Hoffmann) PLATES 6, 10 Neoschongastia nunezi Hoffman, 1944, pp. 221-225, figs. 1-4.—Nunez, 1947, pp. 221-237, 241-244, figs. 1-81. Euschongastia nunezit, Fuller, 1952, p. 184. 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 DESCRIPTION: Size: Length, 490; width, 430. Shape: Ovoid. Gnathosoma: Seta on palpal coxa rather short with long setules. Seta on femur short with fine setules. Seta on genu nude. All three setae on tibia nude, fairly long. Palpal claw curved, cleft about half its length into two stout prongs, median prong stronger. Tarsus rather long; in addition to the usual setae a pointed seta about three-fourths as long as the spur is located on the medial ventral surface distal to the central of the three basal, feathered setae. Coxae punctate up to the galeae; femur punctate over its entire surface. Galeal seta long and nude. Cheliceral base strongly punctate. Cheliceral blade curved, with distinct teeth (Hoffmann, 1944) ; blade not present on specimen studied in U.S. National Museum. Legs: Leg I with three genualae—two dorsal in tandem and one posterior—and a microgenuala. Tibia with two tibialae and a microtibiala and eight nonspecialized setae. Tarsus with strong tapered spur, a distal microspur, distinct subterminala and para- subterminala, and a pretarsala. Leg II with coxal seta set in from posterior margin, a genuala, two tibiala, a middorsal spur with proximal microspur, and a pretarsala. Leg IiI with a single genuala and single tibiala; tarsus with a single long mastitarsala on its dorsal surface near its base and 14 feathered setae. Setules of feathered setae of all legs straight. Coxae of all legs closely punctuate and all distal segments encircled with punctae. Scutum: About three-fifths as long as broad; anterior margin sinuous; lateral margins slightly concave, diverge posteriorly; posterolateral corners slightly extended; posterior margin very slightly concave just medial to posterolaterals, deeply convex posterior to the pseudostigmata, and broadly concave between them; anterolateral setae not at the corners but set back on the lateral margins; anteromedian seta set well back from anterior margin; posterolaterals on the extended corners. All setae with short, scalelike setules. Pseudostigmata widely separated, slightly posterior to a line drawn between posterolaterals. Sen- sillae clavate, the pedicel expanding to a long, ovoid head widest about three-fourths its length from the base; head covered with very short, pointed setules. Surface without ridges; covered with punctae except for an almost clear zone near the anterior margin and around the anteromedian seta. Standard data of the single paratype from México, D. F.: AW PW AP SB ASB PSB AL» AM’ PL S 62 79 19 36 30 18 36 41 63 38 x 13 CHIGGERS—FARRELL 131 Eyes: Two pairs in ocular plates lateral to the posterolateral setae; corneas distinct. Diameter of anterior eyes, 10; of post- erior eyes, 9. Dorsal setae: Similar in form to scutal setae; setules small. Length of a humeral, 50; of a seta from the first posthumeral row, 38; of a posterior seta, 36. Dorsal formula of the single paratype: 2.6.6.4.4.2. Ventral setae: Clearly of two forms; sternals and poststernals occupying the region just anterior to the anus similar to non- specialized leg setae, with rather long, straight setules on side opposite body; just anterior to the anus the form changes ab- ruptly to that of the dorsal setae. Length of a first sternal, 44; of a second sternal, 42; of a seta from the first posternal row, 37; of a posterior seta, 36. Ventral formula of the single paratype: 2.2 plus about 19. MATERIAL: A single paratype borrowed from the U. S. National Museum. From host: Man México, D. F., México, July 1944. DIAGNOSIS: EF’. nufiezt is the only species of the genus now known in North America which has all nude setae on the palpal tibia, a pointed seta on the palpal tarsus in addition to the spur, and a mastitarsala III. REMARKS: This species is known only from the original collec- tions in México. It was found on man, parasitizing all members of one family, and on chickens in the same location. E. nufezi is the only species of the genus in North America reported as a parasite on man. 4. Euschéngastia trigenuala, new species FIGURE 4,a; PLATES 4, 6, 10 DESCRIPTION: Size: Length, 480 to 510; width, 345 to 370. Shape: Oval to ovoid. Gnathosoma: Seta on palpal femur rather small with few setules. Genu with a curving, nude seta. Dorsal seta on tibia with a row of setules along its outer curvature; lateral seta nude; ventral seta rather small with few setules. Palpal claw curved, usually with five prongs, median prong longest, two accessories slightly shorter, and two smaller on the outer curvature. Cheli- ceral base heavy; blade with distinct subapical dorsal and ven- tral teeth. Galeal seta nude. Palpal coxae and cheliceral base punctate. ‘32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Legs: Genu I with three genualae on its dorsal surface, two in tandem near the anterior margin and one near the posterior margin, and a microgenuala about midway on a line between the posterior genuala and the more distal of the two in tandem. Tibia with two typical tibiala and a microtibiala. Tarsus with typically arranged spur, subterminala, parasubterminala, and pretarsala, but with the microspur proximal and slightly posterior to spur. Leg II with one genuala, two tibialae, the microspur slightly proximal and posterior to the spur, and a pretarsala. Seta on coxa III set back from margin; no genuala III; tibiala III present. Nonspecialized setae with straight, rather fine set- ules. Punctae on all segments of all legs. Empodium on all legs more slender than claws but about same length. Anomalies: Parasubterminalae lacking and the base of one subterminala enlarged on one specimen. Subterminala sinuate on one specimen. Scutum: Anterior margin slightly convex. Anterolateral corn- ers extended in round lobes on which the short anterolateral setae are attached. Lateral margins diverge posteriorly, round- ing abruptly just posterior to posterolaterals. Posterior margin shallowly convex posterolateral to each pseudostigma and shal- lowly concave between the two. Anteromedian seta set back slightly from anterior margin. All setae with short setules. Pseudostigmata deep, anterior to a line drawn between poster- olaterals. Sensillae long clavate, enlarging evenly from the slender pedicel; widest in the distal quarter; rounded distally; clothed with few widely and irregularly spaced, heavy setules; one or two setules terminal. A broad inverted U-shaped ridge anterior to each pseudostigma. Spots or mottling present but punctae not evident. One or two small pits or pores usually just medial to the posterolateral setae. Standard data for five specimens from University of Oklahoma: AW PW AP SB ASB PSB AL AM _ PL S 61 80 24 32 22 16 23 31 39 85x9 (type) 58 75 25 28 22 18 22 32 38 37x 9 Eves: Usually not distinguished. One pair on one specimen slightly anterior to posterolateral setae. Diameter, 12. Pigment granules usually present. Dorsal setae: Anterior setae rather slender with numerous fine setules, similar to scutal setae; nude on side adjacent to body; setules of posterior group somewhat heavier. Length of humerals CHIGGERS—-FARRELL 133 of five specimens, 44 to 48; of setae in the first posthumeral row, 34 to 40; and of setae in the posterior group, 38 to 45. Dorsal formulae for five specimens collected at University of Oklahoma: eg eee Adee LO ee 10 sen 2 ..2 (type) QnA sus Os oO eo Oars 2 2 ee RO ROO as So LOBSIS AI 200 Seiert0.. ates epi 129s. 20. 3. Ventral setae: Sternals with fine setules. Setae between sternals and anus small with fine setules. At level of the anus, setae abruptly become large, and similar to dorsals. Data for five specimens: Number of first sternals, 2; of second sternals, 2; of post sternals, 39 to 48. Length of first sternals, all 44; of second sternals, 29 to 36; of setae in the first post sternal row, 23 to 27; of setae in the posterior group, 38 to 45. MATERIEL: Type, USNM 1990. Specimens from host: Scalopus sp. University of Oklahoma, Sept. 13, 19833 (USNM, type + 2; DU, 4; RML, 22"CEE,. 2°) KUL 1). DIAGNOSIS: Huschongastia trigenuala is the only species with the following combination of characters: A nude seta on the pal- pal genu, feathered dorsal and ventral setae on the palpal tibia, and microspur I proximal to spur. The scutum and the sensillae also are distinctive. REMARKS: The data given under “material” includes all that is known about the collection. E. trigenuala is named for the three genualae on genu I. S[STMaaNhs AAA ®W 6 2 ae 2 2 5. Euschéngastia pipistrelli Brennan FIGURE 4,c; PLATES 6, 11 Euschongastia pipistrelli Brennan, 1947, pp. 249-251, figs. 34-D.—Fuller, 1952, pp. 182, 184. Euschéngasiia miricoxa Brennan, 1948, pp. 465, 468-469, 477, figs. 3A—E, 10. DESCRIPTION: Size: Length, 287 to 780; width, 185 to 520. Shape: Ovoid. Color: Opaque white. Gnathosoma: Seta on palpal femur with few, spaced setules. Seta on genu variable, with one to four setules, or nude. Dorsal seta on tibia with two to four setules; lateral seta nude or with one or two tiny setules; ventral seta rather small with setules; palpal claw with five prongs, occasionally four prongs, median longest and strongest, two slightly shorter, and two more proxi- 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 mal on the outer curvature. Galeal seta nude. Setae appear strong but frequently are broken off. Basal segment of chelicera heavy; blade large, curved, subapical dorsal and ventral teeth distinct. Punctae on palpal coxa and on cheliceral base. Legs: Leg I with two long, slender genualae and a micro- genuala; two diagonally placed tibialae, the more distal one longer with typical microtibiala posterior to it; spur with microspur half length of spur or less distal, or distal and posterior; sub- terminala, parasubterminala, and pretarsala typically placed, long and strong. Leg II with one typical genuala, two tandem tibialae, a spur with proximal microspur, and a pretarsala. Leg III with single, slender genuala and tibiala. Leg segments ro- bust, all with rather small punctae. Empodia more slender than the claws but about the same length. Feathered setae on the more proximal, free segments with rather long, curved setules; setules on feathered setae of tarsi generally straighter. Scutum: Shape somewhat variable as lateral areas are ex- tended more or less anteriorly. About twice as wide as long. An- terior margin generally concave with a convexity anterior to anterior median seta. Lateral margins concave, diverging pos- teriorly. Posterior margin extends more or less posteriorly, slightly concave behind the posterolaterals, convex posterior to the pseudostigmata, and usually slightly concave between them. The four corners somewhat extended. Setae long and heavy; anteromedian shortest, set close to anterior margin; postero- laterals exceptionally long; setules strong but rather widely spaced. Pseudostigmata well behind a line drawn between the posterolaterals. Sensillae broadly clavate; head well covered with long setules on the anterior surface, fewer on posterior sur- face; pedicels distinct. Surface covered with punctae; usually, a pair of larger pits medial to posterolaterals. Standard data of the paratype from Stone County, Mo.: AW: PW. (AP) SB. ‘ASB PSBivAGL. AMSSoPL S 60 80 25 22 35 19 70 45 109 32 x 16 Summary of standard data from 14 specimens from over the range, including the paratype (AL’s from 12 specimens, AM’s from 11,.PL’s from, 13, S’s from 6): AW 60-80, mean 67.6; PW 76-103, mean 85.4; AP 16-25, mean 20.4; SB 22-37, mean 30.3; ASB 29-40, mean 34.4; PSB 8-13, mean 10.8; AL 44-70, mean 55.2; AM 36-50, mean 44.9; PL 104-126, mean 114; S 32-44, mean 39.2; width of sensilla 11-16, mean 13.7 Eyes: Usually not distinguished; one pair posterolateral to the posterolateral setae. Diameter about 6. Dorsal setae: Long, curved; nude adjacent to body; long frag- CHIGGERS—FARRELL 135 ile setules confined mostly to two alternate rows on the edge opposite the body. Rows irregular. Measurements from nine specimens: Length of humerals, 71 to 83; of setae near the mid- dle of first posthumeral row .64 to 83; of posterior setae, 50 to 58. Dorsal formulae of nine specimens: Missouri Stone County: DLT OOS An ria tess 8) t+ Ss (paratype) Illinois Jersey County: Pera hOS 2/9215} DiaeeS. seahGintgiaes. 32 Ohio Clermont County: 2..11...12.. eld o. Wes 8 Kentucky Carter County: Dee tO ty s ESS. G6 2 dares DOS: Mit O10 246+... 4 Pennsylvania Fayette-County: .2..13.. 9.. 3 hrs Sd SiG see Warren County: 2..12..12.. yell Oeercuebalinersi wat McKean County: 2..12..11.. on 12 osc iBcs 0 os, 4 New York Broome County: 2: LO is. Pee aT oo Sb Ventral setae: Form like that of the dorsals. Data from nine specimens: Number of first sternals, 2; of second sternals, 2; of poststernals, 36 to 54. Length of first sternals, 48 to 58; of second sternals, 37 to 47; of setae near the middle of the first post- sternal row, 26 to 37; of posterior setae, 44 to 54. Anomalies: One specimen with three second sternals. One specimen with one second sternal and two setae on one coxa TTT. MATERIAL: Paratype borrowed from Rocky Mountain Labora- tory. All other specimens in Duke University collection. Speci- mens from hosts: Myotis 1. lucifugus Pipistrellus subflavus obscurus New York Pennsylvania Schoharie County: 1884, 7. Warren County: Sept. 12, 1947, 1. Pipistrellus s. subflavus Myctis keenii septentrionalis Missouri Pennsylvania Stone County: Sept. 11, 1946, 1 Warren County: Sept. 20, 1947, 2. (paratype). McKean County: Aug. 6, 1948, 2. Ohio Pipistrellus subflavus Clermont County: Oct. 16, 1949,| Pennsylvania 20. Westmoreland County: Jan. 3, Myotis lucifugus 1948, 1. Pennsylvania Myotis keenii Westmoreland County: Oct. 19,| Pennsylvania 1946, 4. Fayette County: Feb. 24, 1948, 1. Fayette County: Mar. 30, 1947, 1.| //yotis sp. Myotis sodalis Illinois New York Jersey County: Mar. 4, 1948, 1. Broome County: Aug. 11, 1947, 2.| Kentucky Carter County: Aug. 20, 1948, 4. 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION: This species has been collected through the three winter months of January, February, and March and through the late summer and early fall months of August, September, and October. Whether this seasonal pattern indicates population peaks or merely lack of collections during the other months is not known. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: The range of EF. pipistrelli, as it is known from collections, extends from southwestern Missouri, into Illinois, Kentucky, and Ohio, through southwestern and northwestern Pennsylvania, to southeastern New York (fig. 4,c). DIAGNOSIS: EH. pipistrelli is the only species with the following combination of characters: Five (or four) prongs on palpal claw, tibiala III present, two genualae I, one pair of indistinct eyes, and nude galeal seta. The very long, heavy, posterolateral setae and the long dorsal setae, sparsely clothed with long setules, are different from those of any other species. Eco.tocy: A very limited amount of ecological information is available on E. pipistrelli. It has been collected only from bats which typically inhabit caves. Most of the specimens used in this study were removed from bats which were captured in caves. Collectors report the chiggers attached to the inner surface of the ear, on the rim of the ear near the base, on the tragus, near the eyes, on the chin, and at the corners of the mouth. REMARKS: FH. pipistrelli varies in certain characters through- out its range. The occurrence of nude and branched setae on the palpal genu is unusual. The list of dorsal setal formulae indicates some of the variation in this character. The shape of the scutum varies, usually by the projection anteriorly of the lateral margins and a narrowing of the distance between the anterolateral and the pos- terolateral setae. EF. miricova Brennan, 1948, was described from a single speci- men, the holotype, removed from a bat, Myotis 1. lucifugus (Le- Conte), on Aug. 5, 1947, in Tompkins County, N. Y. This speci- men was not examined in this study. However, from a compari- son of the published description, drawings, and photograph of the scutum with a paratype of EH. pipistrelli and other specimens of the species collected in the East, it appears that the range of variation of EF. pipistrelli would include FL. miricoza. The extension of coxa I described for F. miricoxa probably is an apodeme be- neath the integument. It can be found in specimens of E. pipis- trelli and in other species. The shape of the scutum is approxi- mated by scuta of certain specimens of FL. pipistrelli. The form and | arrangement of the setae is similar in both, so far as can be deter- CHIGGERS—FARRELL 13t mined by comparing specimens with drawings. A set of drawings of the legs of E. miricoxa was obtained from the Rocky Mountain Laboratory. The form of the segments and the form and arrange- ment of the striated setae are typical of EF’. pipistrell. The lo- eality from which E. miricoxa was taken falls within the range of E. pipistrelli (fig. 4,c). A consideration of the standard data of the type series, of specimens from east of the Mississippi River, and of E. miricoxa does indicate that there is generally a smaller AP measurement for the eastern specimens. The average of 10 AP measurements from the type series, which is western, is 24 (Brennan, 1947). The AP measurement of E'. miricoxa is 17 (Brennan, 1948). The AP measurements of 13 eastern speci- mens include these extremes, but the mean is 20. There is some possibility of subspeciation, but further collections and study are required for proper evaluation. The two species are here con- sidered to be the same and EF. miricoxa to be a synonym of E. pipistrelli. 6. Euschéngastia cregonensis (Ewing) FIGURES 1, 2, 3, 4,a; PLATES 6, 11 Trombicula oregonensis Ewing, 1929a, p. 11; 1931, p. 9; 1942, p. 488.— Radford, 1942, p. 57.—-Michener, 1946, p. 482.—Sig Thor and Willmann, 1947, pp. 260, 286. Euschéngastia oregonensis, Fuller, 1948, p. 106; 1952, pp. 182-183, 184. DESCRIPTION: Size: Engorged length, 505 to 535; width, 385 to 410. Shape: Broad oval. Gnathosoma: Rather small feathered seta on palpal femur. Seta on genu smaller, with few setules. Dorsal seta on palpal tibia longer with a few setules on its outer curvature; lateral seta with one to three setules; ventral seta with relatively few setules. Palpal claw curved with five prongs, median longest, two slightly shorter, and two shortest on the outer curvature. Galeal seta with one to three setules. Chelicera typical; subapical dorsal and ventral teeth distinct. Palpal coxa and femur and base of chelicera punctate. Legs: Leg I with two typical genualae of moderate length and one microgenuala; two tibialae normally placed, the more proxi- mal tibiala longer, and a microtibiala slightly posterior to the distal tibiala; strong spur on the middorsal surface of the tarsus with microspur about half the length of the spur distal and slightly posterior; subterminala, parasubterminala, and pretar- sala typical. Leg II with one typical genuala, two tibialae in tandem, a strong spur with proximal microspur, and a pretarsala. Leg III with single, typical genuala and tibiala. Setules mostly 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 broken off the nonspecialized setae. Leg segments stout, rounded in legs I and II; all segments with punctae. Empodium about the same length as the claws. Scutum: About twice as wide as long, slightly pointed at the posterolateral corners. Anterior margin straight with antero- lateral corners extended and a small convexity anterior to the anteromedian seta. Lateral margins concave, diverging pos- teriorly. Posterior margin convex posterior to each pseudostigma and shallowly concave medially. Anterolateral and posterolateral setae set on extended corners. Anteromedian seta close to anterior margin. Posterolaterals longest; anteromedian shortest. Fine setules on all setae. Pseudostigmata rather widely separated, posterior to a line drawn between the posterolaterals. Sensillae broadly clavate, widest about three-fourths the length from the base; pedicel rather long and distinct; expanded portion covered with setules, fewer on posterior surface. Crescentic ridges indi- cated anterior to pseudostigmata. Surface punctate; in these specimens wide margins surround the punctae. Standard data for the five specimens of the type series from Benton County, Oreg.: AW PW *““AP’*SB--ASE "PSE AL "AM “PE: Ss 70 92 23 38 30 14 40 30 56 35x14 (lectotype) 73 99 25 41 31 13 37 31 47 34 Eyes: Two pairs, distinct but rather small; anterior and pos- terior eyes about the same diameter, 7. Dorsal setae: Setae with rather fine setules of moderate length except the posterior group. Posteriors with fewer, shorter set- ules; end bluntly or with V-clefts. Measurements from five speci- mens: Length of humerals, 48 to 52; of setae near the middle of the first posthumeral row, 43 or 44; of setae in the posterior group, 43 to 45. Dorsal formulae for five specimens of the type series from Benton County, Oreg.: 2, Byer): Ses. 9 2ec8 Cree Bee lao beat es eee wir) Datewe tae tf alledtotype) 2 ec VO pls: eae, heute Dis. MED e 6 MO ve Sey 25510. AO open ne 2 Ae See we ae Deere el bea oreo aero Grae Ventral setae: General character similar to that of the dorsals. Data from five specimens: Number of first sternals, 2; of second CHIGGERS——FARRELL 139 sternals, 2; of poststernals, 47 to 50. Length of first sternals, 47 to 59; of second sternals, 35 to 36; of setae near the middle of the first poststernal row, 25 to 26; of setae in the posterior group, 41 to 44, MATERIAL: All cotypes in USNM (type No. 990). Specimens from host: Mole Benton County, Oreg., May 17, 1912, 5 (cotypes). DIAGNOSIS: E. oregonensis can be distinguished by the follow- ing combination of characters: Tibiala II], subterminala and para- subterminala I, and two genualae I present; five prongs on papal claw; two pairs of eyes; galeal seta branched; lateral seta on palpal tibia branched. It is very close to EH. samboni, as the species are now defined, but it can be distinguished by the smaller setae on its gnathosoma and the branched lateral seta on its palpal tibia. REMARKS: ‘The original description of EH. oregonensis is a description of a chigger typical of the genus Trombicula. The type host is given as a mole and the type locality as Corvallis, Oreg. The type slide is given as No. 990, U. S. National Museum. However, the specimens from the type slide, type host, and type locality, as indicated, are Huschéngastia. Fuller (1948), after examining the type specimens, placed the species in the genus Euschéngastia. The original description is not adequate for iden- tification of the chiggers from the slide, but it does validate the name. The type specimen or specimens are the name bearers for the species. Therefore, Fuller’s combination is here consid- ered to be correct and the name of the species to be Huschén- gastia oregonensis (Ewing, 1929). _ The specimen of the cotypal series found on the slide marked “C. E. F. X.” is here designated lectotype. 7. Euschdngastia samboni (Radford) FIGURE 4,a; PLATES 8, 20 Neoschongastia samboni Radford, 1942, pp. 76-77, fig. 99; 1947a, pp. 579, 599-600, figs. 27, 28; 1947b, p. 275. Euschongastia samboni, Brennan, 1948, p. 476.—Fuller, 1952, pp. 182, 184. DESCRIPTION: Size: Length, 300 to 570; width, 200 to 510. Shape: Ovoid to very broad oval. Gnathosoma: Seta on palpal femur strong, with moderate number of setules. Seta on palpal genu smaller with relatively 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 few setules. Dorsal seta on palpal tibia strong and arching with few setules on its outer curvature; lateral seta on tibia nude; ventral seta with relatively few setules. Palpal claw strong, curved, usually with five prongs, occasionally four. Galeal seta strong, usually with one or two long, strong setules; occasionally nude. Cheliceral base heavy, blade strong and curved; dorsal subapical tooth small but distinct, ventral tooth larger. Rather small punctae on cheliceral base, palpal coxa, and palpal femur. Legs: Leg I with two typical genualae and microgenuala, two typical tibialae and a microtibiala, a middorsal spur, a distal microspur, a subterminala, a parasubterminala, and a pretarsala. Leg II with one genuala and two tibialae, a tarsal spur, a proxi- mal microspur, and a pretarsala. Leg III with a genuala and a tibiala, relatively short. Most nonspecialized setae on the free segments of leg I with numerous, rather short, fine, curved set- ules; on leg II the dorsal nonspecialized setae tend to have fewer, straighter setules; both types on leg III. Leg segments strong; legs without marked taper. All segments with punctae. Scutum: Similar in general outlines and proportions to that of FE. oregonensis. Anterior margin straight or slightly concave between the extended anterolateral corners and the small con- vexity just anterior to the anteromedian seta. Lateral margins concave, diverging posteriorly. Posterolateral corners extended. Posterior margin convex posterior to the pseudostigmata and slightly concave between them. Setae well clothed with moderate setules; anterolaterals and anteromedian setae about the same length, about half the length of the long posterolaterals. Pseudo- stigmata moderately separated; posterior to a line drawn between the posterolaterals. Sensillae clavate, widest about two-thirds the length from the base; heads tend to be slightly pointed, covered with rather long, smooth setules on the anterior surface and shorter, more offstanding setules on the posterior surface; pedicels distinct. Distinct inverted U-shaped ridge anterior to each pseudostigma, lateral leg extending to posterior margin. Surface with punctae, more numerous within the area inclosed by the crescentic ridges. One or two larger pits near the postero- lateral terminus of each ridge. Standard data for the three specimens studied from Ravalli County, Mont.: AW PW AP SB ASB PSB AL AM PL S 1 #96 27 38 385 £13) 44) 44 (90° “88 x16-(paratype) 63° 90° "295927 2 82) 24 VAs o%As 64-9cs8 65°! 877 2521/34.) SOIOU12°45)° CAPA .a= CHIGGERS—-FARRELL 141 Eyes: Two pairs lateral to the posterolaterals; no ocular plate. Diameter of anterior eyes, 10 to 12, mean 10.3; of posteriors, 8 to 10, mean 8.3. Dorsal setae: Posterior group different in form from the an- terior setae; anteriors well clothed with setules on the side oppo- site the body; posterior group with fewer, shorter setules exposing the shaft. Measurements from three specimens: Length of humerals, 61 to 72; of setae near the middle of the first post- humeral row, 50 to 57; of setae in the posterior group, 37 to 47. Dorsal formulae of three specimens from Ravalli County, Mont. : jg oe a! plo. NO" (paratype) SUIS AA Seo ee Bo So iteetouen ied Se bee Ventral setae: Generally similar to dorsals. Data from three specimens: Number of first sternals, 2; of second sternals, 2; of poststernals, 52 to 60. Length of first sternals, 50 to 57; of second sternals, 40 to 44; of setae near the middle of the first poststernal row, 30 to 44; of setae in the posterior group, 338 to AT. Anomaly: One specimen with three second sternals. MATERIAL: Paratype in the U. S. National Museum; other specimens from the Rocky Mountain Laboratory now deposited in the Duke University collection. Specimens from hosts, all from Montana: Pika Ochotona p. princeps Ravalli County: Dec. 2, 1933, 1 Ravalli County: Dec. 2, 1933, 1. (paratype). Clethrionomys sp. Ravalli County: Oct. 12, 1945, 1. SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION: E. samboni has been collected in fall and winter, October and December. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: FE. samboni has been collected only in Ravalli County, Mont. (fig. 4,a). DIAGNOSIS: E. samboni can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: Tibiala III, subterminala and para- subterminala I, and genualae I present; five prongs, usually, on the palpal claw; two pairs of eyes; galeal seta usually branched ; lateral seta on palpal tibia nude. ZH. samboni is very close to E. oregonensis, as the species are now defined. In the specimens studied, all the setae of the gnathosoma of FE’. samboni are larger ; the galeal seta is heavier and the setules longer; and the lateral seta on the palpal tibia is nude. 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 REMARKS: The close morphological similarity between E. samboni and E. oregonensis has been indicated in the descriptions of both species. The localities from which the two have been collected are widely separated in miles but are in the same general geographic area (fig. 4,2). Collections of both species are scant. Further collections are necessary to determine the relationship between the two forms. 8. Euschéngestia peromysci (Ewing) FIGURES 4,a, 5,a,b, 6,c,g,h; PLATES 6, 12 Schongastia peromysci Ewing, 1929c, pp. 296-297. Neoschéngastia peromysci, Ewing, 1931, p. 5.—Radford, 1942, p. 72.—Sig Thor and Willmann, 1947, pp. 311, 313. Neoschéngastia signator Ewing, 1931, pp. 14-15, 19, pl. 2, fig. 1—Radford, 1942, pp. 72, 74, 75, fig. 80.—Sig Thor and Willmann, 1947, pp. 311, 3138, fig. 374. Neoschongastia brevipes Ewing, 19381, pp. 16, 19, pl. 2, fig. 4Radford, 1942, pp. 72, 74, 75, fig. 81—Sig Thor and Willmann, 1947, pp. 311, 313, fig. 376. Trombicula peromysci, Michener, 1946, p. 482. Euschongastia peromysci, Fuller, 1948, p. 108; 1952, p. 184.—Brennan, 1948, p. 470. Euschongastia signator, Fuller, 1948, p. 108; 1952, p. 184. Euschongastia brevipes, Fuller, 1948, p. 108; 1952, p. 183. DESCRIPTION: Size: Length, 225 to 750; width, 115 to 565. Shape: In life unattached, unengorged chiggers slightly flat- tened oval, widest at the third pair of legs; engorged, oval. Pre- served on slides, oval to ovoid. Color: Unengorged chiggers, cream or light yellow; engorged, opaque white. Red eyes. Gnathosoma: Seta on palpal femur strong, curved, well clothed with setules except on the concave margin. Seta on genu curved, with two or three rows of strong, alternately arranged setules on the convex curvature. Dorsal seta on tibia curved, with two alternate rows of setules; lateral seta with a few setules which tend to arise near the base; ventral seta with about five alternate rows of strong setules over the dorsal surface of the shaft. Setules on all setae appear strong and stiff. Palpal claw slightly curved, three-pronged, the middle prong longer and heavier, the two accessories arising near middle of the claw and lying close against the median prong; length somewhat variable through the range of the species (fig. 5,b). Galeal seta of distinctive appearance, curving, bristlelike, usually with one to three stiff setules arising on the outer margin near the base; number of setules variable within about the same limits throughout the range with a ten- CHIGGERS—FARRELL 143 dency to fewer setules from south and west to north and east (table 6). Chelicera with typical heavy base, curved blade, and distinct subapical dorsal and ventral teeth. Cheliceral base and palpal coxa and femur punctate. Legs: Striated setae in typical arrangement. Leg I with two genualae and a microgenuala, two tibialae and a microtibiala, a spur and a distal microspur, a subterminala, a parasubterminala, and a pretarsala. Leg II with a genuala, two tibialae, a spur, a proximal microspur, and a pretarsala. Leg III with a genuala and a tibiala. All specialized setae strong and clear. Nonspecial- ized setae on free segments beyond the trochanters rather short but strong, with long, curved setules in regular alternate pattern. All leg segments with punctae. Anomalies: One specimen with two setae on one coxa III. One specimen with three genualae on one genu I. One specimen with three tibialae I on one leg. One specimen with only one tibiala II on one leg. One specimen with a parasubterminala I equal in size to the subterminala. One specimen with the tibiala II missing from one leg. Scutum: About a third to a fourth wider than long. Anterior margin broad W-shaped with the anterolateral setae and the anteromedian seta on the anterior extensions. Lateral margins concave, short, diverge slightly posteriorly. Posterolateral cor- ners, very slightly extended, bear the posterolateral setae. Pos- terior margin usually rather deeply rounded posterior to each pseudostigma and shallowly concave between the two. Margins sometimes so pared that scutum appears skimpy. Setae densely covered with setules. Pseudostigmata well behind a line drawn between the posterolateral setae. Sensillae abruptly expanded, capitate; pedicels nude; heads covered with rather short setules. Anterior to each pseudostigma an inverted U-shaped ridge, the medial and lateral legs terminating about on a line with the posterior edges of the pseudostigmata; the two ridges sometimes continuous medially. Surface punctate. Sometimes with cuticular striae over the posterior margin. Apparently a tendency for scuta to become larger from south and west to north and east in the specimens from the area studied (fig. 5,a). Summary of standard data from 100 specimens of EF’. peromysci from over its range (AL’s from 99 specimens, AM’s from 92, and S’s from 59) : AW 41-60, mean 50.2; PW 48-71, mean 86.6; AP 10-17, mean 13.5; SB 17-82, mean 22.5; ASB 21-32, mean 27.3; PSB 6-12, mean 8.5; AL 27-42, mean 34.9; AM 21-38, mean 26.8; PL 37-57, mean 46.4; S 25-30, mean 27.1. 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B : B 120] 5 a ate L ca} ee 1 . @ £ = a - £ © ny + 2 - > o - & aS S i= ae) ° cy ses = : s yg : A : &$ 6 og : o 9 by gs rg rg Lae] bY fen} ° a re one Wo + &, S : Bs P 89 $s S = = » © : = a a ‘ g¢ o3 = &¢ es : § : 32 ¢ = gy 3! 2 3° 38 3 8 Aouoenbal 7 ee S]JaSnNYoOvSsD]Y pun ‘piuvajhsuuag ‘punjhisvy ‘vurosvy Y4740 AT ‘hyonquay ‘o1yO ‘pmoynjyO Ur saxyjunoo og wouf 1oskwored vysesuoyosny fo avjzas 1na7v6 Ogg uo sajnjas fo uoyngrysiq—9 AT1av IL, CHIGGERS—FARRELL 145 Anomalies: One specimen with two anteromedian setae. One specimen wider between the anterolaterals than between the pos- terolaterals. Eyes: Two pairs; anterior pair lateral to posterolateral setae. Diameter of anterior eyes for 20 specimens, 7 to 10, mean 8.4; of posterior eyes, 7 to 11, mean 8.3. Diameter of both anterior and posterior eyes of a cotype of E. signator, 12. Dorsal setae: Setae well covered with setules on sides away from body. Posterior setae with slightly fewer setules, tending to terminate in V-shaped clefts, but of the same general form as the other dorsals. In unengorged specimens humerals not dis- tinctly set off from first posthumeral row. Length of humerals of 90 specimens, 37 to 51; of setae near the middle of the first row of posthumerals, 35 to 50; of setae in the posterior group, 27 to 36. Dorsal formulae for 26 specimens, including a fairly typical specimen from each county: Oklahoma Latimer County: Beles e LO we os etl ek eC dg “Sac: 6 Ohio Clermont County: Ze Ane» LAs ad) a, sales elGesttd Kentucky Rowan County: Dhanor kOe cei ers ee AP preLavea! “yt North Carolina Durham County: oHe5 0 2.12. va hs ase he Sis, (Oeste Orange County: xd a ce hors 6016 oh ees yo arte Maryland Prince Georges County: 2..10..15.. 2.. 7+ nan Oa Oe oD Pennsylvania Bedford County: Oem shee es. a sc key ore sue Dee? “hee York County: 2EpaOres Las Sse ka eee cha kOe “9 ee 0 Lancaster County: Dime wo ee ae. = Cola ee. wi klen tea oO Westmoreland County:...2..,..10...12.. ..14... .. 12%)" 8.26 Indiana County: owe tO 2 tk sé 23 1b*,4 eS e Oats Jefferson County: Oi, O32 1h Sle IS se ~ oc TE A806 Clearfield County: 20,3 LO o. LAN ste LBA SOT rer TOR Ue Cameron County: 25 UO, Patni oY Saya seiZes Os 5 McKean County: Mace LOys's 1S se .. 10+ 9+ 6.: 4 Beaver County: 2400... 14%, eh 1 Bee. (ot Oas Ss 5 Venango County: ZiawlO . Lo 4s rere Lows Seto. “GPs: 5 Center County: Bese lOras AG. SL He dee HOA Union County: 2) ate LOS Bh 5 belied ate PANO 2 ate! A Schuylkill County: Die EO soc kD's< oo toss -eOss SAIS 4 Lycoming County: Bre tO gat DANE ate aes svete OMete A hherch A Sullivan County: Bee 10 55 LSA wel Ae; el Or ta She. 2 Bradford County: ave LOA 1S i oe IAS fot Dee. TOR DS Monroe County: Bes LO)... 14%. wi be Se See es. Olek 1b Pike County: ye ea ee Pei 2eH Cte eb oc? Bs Wayne County: 2rclOvee LD. 2 aret Lartere eer are ey 56 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Ventral setae: Form of poststernal setae similar to that of the dorsals. Data from 90 specimens: Number of first sternals, 2; of second sternals, 2; of poststernals, 49 to 75. Poststernals in a cotype of EH. signator, 75. Length of first sternals, 36 to 49; of second sternals, 25 to 43; of setae near the middle of the first poststernal row, 19 to 29; of setae in the posterior group, 25 to 36. Anomalies: Four specimens with three second sternals. One specimen with one rudimentary first sternal bearing two tiny setules. MATERIAL: Type material of EH. peromysci, EF. signator, and E. brevipes in the U. S. National Museum; all other specimens in the Duke University collection. From hosts and unattached: Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis Clethrionomys gapperi Massachusetts Pennsylvania Sturbridge: May 27, 1928, 1 Wayne County: July 1945, 3. (Holotype). Monroe County: July 1947, 8. Pennsylvania Pike County: July MOAT eels Beaver County: May 1947, 6. Sullivan County: Oct. 1949, 29. Mercer County: July 1947, 1. Clethrionomys gapperi paludicola Venango County: Feb. 1948, 4; Pennsylvania Mar. 1948, 3. Venango County: Apr. 1947, 64; Clearfield County: Apr. 1949, 4. May 1947, 64; Feb. 1948, 15; Wood rat Mar. 1948, 87. Oklahoma conn eae County: Feb. 1948, Wilburton: Mar. 17, 1949, 2 (Cotypes E. signator). Jefferson County: Apr. 1948, 8; May 1948, 38. Sorex f. fumeus Pennsylvania Venango County: Apr. 1947, 2. Microtus p. pennsylvanicus Peromyscus leucopus Maryland College Park: May 3, 1929, 4 (Cotypes EF. brevipes). Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Monroe County: July 1947, 1. North Carolina Venango County: Apr. 1947, 13. Lycoming County: Jan. 1949, 11. Durham County: Jan. 1948, 3; ; > May 1948, 9; June 1948, 3; Clearfield County: Apr. 1949, 9. Sept. 1948, 1; Dec. 1948, 47; cies b. brevicauda Jan. 1949, 8; Feb. 1949, 13; ennsylvania Mar. 1949, 6; Apr. 1949, 15; Venango County: May 1947, 1. June 1949, 8; Sept. 1949, 4. Clearfield County: May 1949, 1. Orange County: Dec. 1948, 3;| Tamias striatus May 1948, 3; July 1948, 1;} Pennsylvania Nov. 1948, 9; Dec. 1948, 3; Monroe County: July 1947, 1. Jan. 1949, 17; Feb. 1949, 21; Pike County: July 1947, 2. Mar. 1949, 27; Apr. 1949, 10;| Peromyscus maniculatus May 1949, 5; June 1949, 8; Pennsylvania July 1949, 16; Aug. 1949, 2. Pike County: July 1947, 1. CHIGGERS——-FARRELL Forest litter North Carolina Durham County: Feb. 1948, 1. Pitymys pinetorum scalopsoides Pennsylvania Venango County: Feb. 1948, 8. York County: Apr. 1949, 5. Surface soil North Carolina Durham County: Feb. 1948, 1. Orange County: Jan. 1950, 8. Soil—mammal burrow North Carolina Durham County: Feb. 1948, 1. Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii Pennsylvania Venango County: Feb. 1948, 12. Peromyscus sp. Pennsylvania Westmoreland County: Feb. 1948, 5. Cameron County: Sept. 1949, 2. Bradford County: Oct. 1949, 1. Kentucky Rowan County: Aug. 1948, 3. Tamias striatus lysteri Pennsylvania Venango County: Mar. 1948, 19. Jefferson County: May 1948, 27. McKean County: July 1948, 1. Tamiasciurus hudsonicus loquax Pennsylvania Venango County: Mar. 1948, 2. Mammal runway North Carolina Orange County: Mar. 1948, 1. Mammal burrow North Carolina Orange County: Mar. 1948, 1. Neotoma magister Kentucky Rowan County: Aug. 1948, 2. Pennsylvania Union County: May 1949, 2. Clethrionomys sp. Pennsylvania Indiana County: Sept. 1948, 6. Cameron County: Sept. 1949, 10. Lancaster County: Sept. 1949, 16. 147 Monroe County: Sept. 1949, 3. Bradford County: Oct. 1949, 4. Schuylkill County: Nov. 1949, 4. Bradford County: Nov. 1949, 18. Tamias striatus ohionensis Ohio Clermont County: Oct. 1948, 3. Cavities of decayed root systems and under stumps North Carolina Orange County: Dee. 1948, 12. Orange County: Mar. 1949, 3. Durham County: Mar. 1949, 2. Orange County: Mar. 1950, 10. Forest soil North Carolina Orange County: Dec. 1948, 7. Clethrionomys g. gapperi Pennsylvania Lycoming County: Jan. 1949, 122; Mar. 1949, 35; May 1949, 82. Westmoreland County: Jan. 1949, 8. Clearfield County: Apr. 1949, 38; May 1949, 38. Indiana County: Apr. 1949, 14. Bedford County: May 1949, 18. Union County: May 1949, 58. Center County: June 1949, 6. Humus under log North Carolina Orange County: Jan. 1949, 2. Durham County: Feb. 1949, 1. Peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae Pennsylvania Lycoming County: Mar. 1949, 3. Sciurus ec. carolinensis North Carolina Orange County: Mar. 1949, 2. Pitymys p. pinetorum North Carolina Durham County: Apr. 1949, 3. Synaptomys cooperi stonei Pennsylvania Clearfield County: Apr, 1949, 7. Indiana County: Apr. 1949, 1. Tamias sp. Pennsylvania Cameron County: Aug. 1949, 6. 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Pitymys sp. Microtus chrotorrhinus Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Cameron County: Sept. 1949, 3. Sullivan County: Oct. 1949, 4. Monroe County: Sept. 1949, 1. Ondatra zibethica Bradford County: Nov. 1949, 14. North Carolina Leaf nest in log Durham County: Nov. 1949, 2. North Carolina Soil (7 to 15 cm. depth?) Orange County: Oct. 1949, 7. North Carolina Durham County: Mar. 1950, 2. Orange County: Jan. 1950, 2. SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION: In North Carolina EH. peromysci has been collected from hosts in every month of the year except Oc- tober (fig. 6,c). There is a record of unattached chiggers for October. The species is much more abundant on hosts during the winter and spring months. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The range of FE. peromysci, based on known collections, extends from Oklahoma in the southwest and North Carolina in the south to Massachusetts in the north- east (fig. 4,a). DIAGNOSIS: E. peromysci can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: Tibiala III present, subterminala and parasubterminala I present, palpal claw with three prongs, no mastitarsala III, sensillae capitate, and scutum with two ridges, one anterior to each pseudostigma. Through the range known at the present time, the shape of the scutum and the characteristic galeal setae will separate E. peromysci from other known Fuschongastia species. Ecotocy: Mr. Neil Richmond has supplied information con- cerning areas in which EF. peromysci was collected in Pennsyl- vania. The chiggers commonly were taken from hosts trapped in situations where hemlock was a dominant tree. Associated trees in the various areas included yellow and black birch, red maple, and oaks. The sites frequently were ravines or slopes with north- ern or partially northern exposures. Moisture was ample to abundant; springs and brooks were usually present. The forest floor held a moderate to deep layer of humus. Logs and fallen branches were abundant. Most collections were made from Clethrionomys gappert. In the Duke Forest area 2’. peromysci was taken from its hosts trapped in upland hardwoods (pl. 1) in all exposures and in the narrow bottomlands along streams. Generally the topography of this area is gently rolling, cut by four permanent streams. The forest floor holds a moderate amount of humus, fallen branches, decaying logs, and fallen trees. Stumps in varying stages of decay are common, as are cavities and passageways left by decayed stumps and root systems (pl. 2). CHIGGERS—FARRELL 149 : = ab ei tH Ree mei 4 arma Ma ees ee ty eS HS Hens lin re a ee ea ey oh PRET 7 Tae ro Mae RC ea ra eee Bicetee ao \ EES pase beatasiaicertscte Oi eee aig ea YW js untseemeencccanteacer Si temer, FASS he Hoe L\ Seyret Ket ‘ a Par Ae EAE Poe Senes oH CHA ec 4 eet es H ‘ Pere HH He = * Pet HE Es Tanetrarse re swanes 1 sane Bet eZ Bet rs OY Fare ise ae Pere aS a es 7 KH AT Tee CES CURR, eat taste aR a ae fi ; ay Cy ee s I i fa uf on eae AR ie bane wp ee eG alee GORA PaaS TAPS de AA EA ; Ye b ea 5) f Figure 4.—Maps showing: a, distribution of Zuschéngastia lacerta, (; E. bigenuala, X; E. samboni, A; E. cordiremus, A; E. oregonensis, Z; E. peromysci, O; and E. trigenuala, ?, b. distribution of the “rubra” group: E. rubra, (]; E. diversa diversa, AN and A; E. diversa acuta, O; and E. magna, A; ¢. distribution of E. pipistrelli, O; and £, miricoxa = E, pipistrelli, @. 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Evidence indicates that E. peromysci is a forest soil dweller in the Duke Forest area. All collections of the unattached, un- engorged chiggers have been from forest soil situations (table 5). Whether its principal host, Peromyscus leucopus, is a soil dweller in Duke Forest has not been proved, but circumstantial evidence from the traplines—the frequency with which it was trapped around decayed stumps, at the bases of fallen trees, and at small holes in the forest floor—indicates that it is. Collection records show that EF. peromysci has been most abun- dant during the coldest seasons of the year. Figure 6,c, con- structed from the occurrence of the chiggers in collections, re- flects the trend of seasonal populations. However, three chiggers on one host in a June collection influenced the graph as much as perhaps fifty chiggers on every host of a January collection. The result has been a much-flattened graph without the amplitude that it would have had if based on counts of the chiggers. Results of preliminary investigations into factors controling seasonal distribution of H. peromysci indicate that it had its peak population during the season when temperatures of air, surface EXPLANATION OF FIGURE 5 a, Variation geographically in the size of scutum in 100 specimens of Euschéngastia peromysci. Vertical axis: Size of scutum, PW + ASB -+- PSB (width + length), in microns. The means are indicated by crosslines. Horizontal axis: Counties, with the number of scuta measured for each: A, Rowan County, Ky.; B, Orange County, N. C.; c, Durham County, N. C.; D, Clermont County, Ohio; E, York County, Pa.; F, Cameron County, Pa.; G, Prince Georges County, Md.; H, Bradford County, Pa.; I, Sullivan County, Pa.; J, Monroe County, Pa.; K, Westmoreland County, Pa.; L, Lancaster County, Pa.; M, Lycoming County, Pa.; N, Union County, Pa.; P, Jefferson County, Pa.; Q, Schuylkill County, Pa.; R, Bedford County, Pa.; s, Clearfield County, Pa.; T, McKean County, Pa.; U, Venango County, Pa.; v, Wayne County, Pa.; w, Indiana County, Pa.; x, Center County, Pa.; y, Beaver County, Pa.; 2, Pike County, Pa. b, Variation geographically in the length of 70 palpal claws of Euschéngastia peromysct. Vertical axis: Length of the claws in microns. The means are indicated by crosslines. Horizontal axis: Counties with the number of separate palpal claws measured from each: A, Clermont County, Ohio; B, Rowan County, Ky.; c, York County, Pa.; D, Lancaster County, Pa.; E, Durham County, N. C.; F, Orange County, N. C.; G, Westmoreland County, Pa.; H, Union County, Pa.; 1, Lycoming County, Pa.; J, Cameron County, Pa.; K, Bedford County, Pa.; L, Jefferson County, Pa.; M, Venango County, Pa.; N, Clearfield County, Pa.; p, McKean County, Pa.; Q, Sullivan County, Pa.; R, Monroe County, Pa. c, Variation geographically in the size of scutum of 20 specimens of Euschéngastia di- versa diversa. Vertical axis represents size of scutum, PW + ASB + PSB (width + length), in microns. Horizontal axis: A, Clarke County, Iowa; B, Clermont County, Ohio; c, Scioto County, Ohio; D, Union County, Pa. Five scuta were measured for each county. The means are indicated by crosslines. CHIGGERS—FARRELL 151 122 120 118 116 4 2 110 108 106 104 5 6 ews oS ete spy FIGURE 5.—For explanation see facing page. 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 The population peak coincided generally with the season of least rainfall (fig. 6,f) and highest soil moisture (fig. 6,g). Laboratory experiments showed the rate of locomotion of LE. peromysci to be influenced by temperature (fig. 6,2). The rate declined with falling temperatures until locomotion ceased at 0° C. As temperature rose, locomotion was resumed; the first EXPLANATION OF FIGURE 6 , Distribution of setules on the galeal seta of chiggers in the “rubra” group. Vertical axis represents frequency; horizontal axis, number of setules per seta; light solid line, Euschéngastia rubra; light broken line, £. magna; heavy solid line, E. diversa acuta; heavy broken line, E. diversa diversa. b, Distribution of setules on the lateral seta of the palpal tibia of chiggers in the “rubra” group. Vertical axis represents frequency; horizontal axis, number of setules per seta; heavy broken line, Euschingastia diversa diversa; heavy solid line, £. diversa acuta; light broken line, E. magna. , Seasonal distribution of Euschéngastia peromysct in 91 collections of Peromyscus leucopus in the Duke Forest area, September 1947 to December 1949. The 91 col- lections included 392 specimens of P. leucopus. Horizontal axis represents months of the year, with the total number of collections of P. leucopus per month; vertical axis, percentage of collections positive for E. peromysci. d, Seasonal distribution of Euschingastia rubra in 91 collections of Peromyscus leucopus in the Duke Forest area, September 1947 to December 1949. The 91 collections included 392 specimens of P. leucopus. Vertical axis represents percentage of col- lections positive for E. rubra; horizontal axis, months of the year, with the total number of collections of P. leucopus per month, , Mean monthly temperatures in Duke Forest area, September 1947 to March 1950. Vertical axis represents temperature in degrees centigrade; horizontal axis, months of the year; light broken line, air temperature; light solid line, surface soil tempera- ture; heavy solid line, subsurface temperature at three inches depth. Mean monthly precipitation in Duke Forest area from September 1947 to March 1950. Vertical axis represents inches of precipitation; horizontal axis, months of the year; light line, mean monthly precipitation in inches (yearly average for period, 44,33 inches); heavy line, mean monthly precipitation for central North Carolina for the 6l-year period from 1887 to 1947 (yearly average for period, 46.76 inches). g, Monthly soil moisture in Duke Forest locality typical of areas in which hosts of Euschéngastia peromysci were trapped for the present study. Vertical axis rep- resents soil moisture as a percentage of dry weight; horizontal axis, months of the year; light broken line, percentage of soil moisture in the A: horizon, 0 to 2 inches depth; light solid line, percentage of soil moisture in the As horizon, 5 to 7 inches depth; heavy solid line, percentage of soil moisture in the Bs horizon, 14 to 16 inches depth. The bar diagram gives the monthly rainfall in inches. The graph of soil moisture and the rainfall record covers the period from May 28, 1946, to March 16, 1947. There are no soil moisture records for December 1946 and no rainfall records for May 1946. Data obtained from the thesis of Mr. John B. Sharp, Jr., in the School of Forestry, Duke University, 1947. h, Behavior of E. peromysci and T. alfreddugési during falling and rising temperatures. Vertical axis represents rate of locomotion in millimeters per second; horizontal axis, temperature in degrees centigrade; light line, rate of locomotion of E. peromysct; heavy line, of 7. alfreddugési. Rates above .80 mm. per second for T. alfreddugést have been omitted. Calculations by Dr. G. W. Wharton. S 5 ® “bh . CHIGGERS—FARRELL 153 ° JF MA Mil’ J AS ON O J: FMA MS SOA Si OON O 30 20 10 0 10 20 390 FIGURE 6.—For explanation see facing page. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 record was obtained at 7° C. The rate increased with continued rise in temperature. Trombicula alfreddugési, a chigger with a warm weather distribution, showed a more rapid decline in rate of locomotion with falling temperature and ceased locomotion at 10° C. With rising temperature, T. alfreddugést resumed loco- motion at 16° C.; and its rate rose rapidly as temperature in- creased. E. peromysci chiggers were recovered alive from an infested Peromyscus leucopus host which had been kept frozen at — 4.5° C. for 38 days. E. peromysci was found attached deep in the ear or in the external auditory meatus of its hosts. After death of the host, the chiggers detached and wandered over the ear (pl. 3) and fur of the host. DISCUSSION OF ECOLOGY: From the evidence assembled, there could be a correlation between temperature, soil moisture condi- tions, and the seasonal population peak of E. peromysci on hosts. During the colder months when most plant growth has ceased, soil moisture is at its highest. The combination of low tempera- ture and high moisture content of the soil should produce in the soil the most humid conditions of the year. During these months, E. peromysci had its greatest incidence on hosts in the Duke Forest area. This conforms with the results of Pearse (1946), who found populations of microfauna in Duke Forest generally to be highest during the colder, moister season. That there is a correlation between the physiology of LE. peromysci and its seasonal occurrence is indicated in a compari- son of the temperatures at which it and the warm weather T. alfreddugési ceased locomotion under experimental conditions. The same correlation is evident in the temperatures at which locomotion was resumed. In both phases of the experiment LE. peromysci carried on activity at much lower temperatures. Ex- perimental evidence showed also that FE. peromysci can withstand freezing temperatures for extended periods. However, the occa- _ sional occurrence of FE. peromysci in the summer indicates that temperature alone is not the critical factor in its seasonal distri- | bution. The temperature at which T. alfreddugési stopped locomotion | corresponds well with the findings of Jenkins (1948). In his | experiments 7’. alfreddugési was not active below 9.5° C. at 60 percent relative humidity. Various authors have indicated the seasonal occurrence of different chiggers. Ewing (1921) pointed © out the seasonal distribution of JT. alfreddugésit. Audy (1947a) — CHIGGERS—FARRELL 155 showed a correlation between seasonal rains and seasonal abun- dance of T. deliensis at Imphal. No literature has been found on physical factors limiting species of Huschéngastia. CULTURES: Sixty-eight cultures of #. peromysci were estab- lished. Usually cultures were started with nymphs which readily metamorphosed from engorged chiggers held in special plaster- _ charcoal lined viais. In culture the nymphs lived for varying _ periods of time, but in general the history of the cultures was uniform. The nymphs steadily declined in activity and died. No later developmental stage was obtained. Of the variety of culture containers tried, the most satisfactory _ were made with the bottom intact and a layer of plaster-charcoal _ poured in. Jars and bottles with bottoms removed and the open- ings plugged with plaster-charcoal were difficult to make and _ awkward to use. It was necessary to place them in finger bowls to _ catch the moisture which escaped through the plaster-charcoal. Jars lined with moist cellulose wadding were unsatisfactory. Nymphs in them soon became immobile. Cultures in jars lined completely with plaster-charcoal were more difficult to examine than those in unlined jars, although nymphs lived well in them. _ Odd containers used for special purposes were difficult to manage and to observe and gave no promise of being better for the mites than more convenient sizes and shapes. Several sorts of con- _ tainers were useful. The shallow weighing bottles with openings _ the full diameter of the bottles permitted unobstructed examina- _ tion with the dissecting microscope. They were used extensively _ in feeding trials. However, active mites were sometimes crushed _ between the long, tapered, ground-glass sealing surfaces. Small, _ 4-ounce, wide-mouth jars were satisfactory, but control of mois- _ ture was more difficult with them than with larger containers. The wide-mouth pint jar seemed best adapted for general use. The chief disadvantage of this jar lay in its being too deep for observation with the dissecting microscope. This difficulty was _ removed when the layer of plaster-charcoal was made sufficiently _ thick. Also, the extra absorbent material made control of mois- _ ture less critical. Solid metal lids and screw bands regularly supplied with the jars were found to be the most satisfactory covers for the cultures. Wide-mouth pint jars about one-third filled with plaster-charcoal and fitted with the solid lids made compact and useful units. Nymphs were placed in culture jars without adding a material through which they could move when experiments to find an acceptable food were being carried out. When given the oppor- tunity, the mites would quickly enter soil or any loose medium 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 4 i ~ weet Pu it? od ay he as hee 4 Ee aa Prey oy a se ae ys chy i Le chy g a a ey GREY FiGuRE 7.—Maps showing: a, distribution of E. luteodema, A; E. marmotae, O; and. E. hamiltoni, . 6, Distribution of E. californica, (Q; E. criceticola, A; and £.’ guntheri, EQ. ¢, Distribution of E. carolinensis, OO; £. crateris, OQ; and E. chioensis.: A. 4d, Distribution of E. blarinae, Oo. CHIGGERS—FARRELL 157 > e Ke — Tess, 2 WH Sl eee Re aE ty TS Sh 4 ct eT] MEM ps or DY sir F et ee BOM A mie: EEE ae vA {| Al BHS PALO AY ry ear, Re OSE i a eh ay ct ay t CK ESS JiR] Ee Wee XO bok Ere a a RY att PYriry 3) aa SY (} < D p ss p> ay ez ay, ¥ i} wi ey Ie IT} 7 oe aBEayeces ob oe U, ea oS LIS 6 Tet 3 LARS ‘oo L\ eerie, pba PRS ats rt NS FAD I? Cy Ades Se piu) Ar ro AP FiGurE 8.—Maps showing: a, Distribution of E. sciuricola, A and A; E. setosa, O; and Euschéngastia sp., A. One record of E. sciuricola in British Columbia, Canada. b, Distribution of the genus Euschéngastia, based on known collections, in the United States. The Canadian locality and that of the Mexican species are not shown. Each county in the United States from which a collection has been recorded is shown in black. The Okefenokee Swamp location is indicated by a dot—county not known. 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 placed in the jars. Usually some medium was added. Soil, the various soil mixtures, humus, and organic debris had certain disadvantages. Frequently the surfaces became covered with fungus. The nymphs often entered these media and were never seen again. Such media were difficult and unsatisfactory to move for examining the cultures. Vermiculite was the most satisfac- tory medium. It formed a soft, loose stratum through which the mites could move easily. It could be rolled about easily for ex- amining the culture without damaging the mites. Apterous in- sects, sometimes kept in cultures, survived and multiplied in vermiculite. Nymphs seemed to survive better in vermiculite than in other media. Fungus frequently developed in cultures but never became a serious problem. When cultures were carefully moistened and excess water avoided, fungus was retarded. Its control with vermiculite was easier than with other media. Rolling vermiculite in the culture jar broke up mycelia and reduced growth. With both soil and vermiculite, adding Onychiurus sp. to cultures was usually effective in controling fungus. These small, apterous insects fed on the fungus. Apparently they were not harmful to chiggers or nymphs. Cultures maintained at 30° C. seemed to follow the same pattern | as those held at room temperature. Nymphs steadily died out. . Nymphs held at 5° to 10° C. were very sluggish in their move-- ments when examined, but they moved more rapidly after being at ; room temperature for a few minutes. Room temperature seemed | more satisfactory than other temperature ranges tried. Cultures, , excepting those held at definite temperatures, were kept in a) darkened cabinet. Evidence is not adequate to determine whether a proper food! for nymphs of EF. peromysci was found. So far as was determined | by direct observation, the nymphs rejected almost all food offered. . Aedes aegypti eggs were offered regularly to most cultures. Under! observation EH’. peromysci nymphs appeared to try to feed on these eggs on only one occasion. On the day one culture was estab-. lished, two nymphs were observed manipulating eggs. Body contractions and expansions, typical of feeding nymphal or adult! trombiculids, occurred. The efforts ceased in a few minutes.) Examination of one of the eggs showed no openings or any other! evidence of successful feeding by the nymph. Four successful acts of feeding on freshly dissected Aedes aegypti ovaries and eggs were observed. The first nymph to feed stopped at a scratch) mark made by the needle in the plaster-charcoal base in placing) CHIGGERS—FARRELL 159 a dissected ovary in the culture. Later the nymph located the ovary and fed for 15 to 20 minutes. It changed its position twice during feeding. Flowing movements were observed in the fluid mass of the ovary immediately in front of the nymph’s gnatho- soma. Bubbles or fluid materials of varying densities were ob- served moving posteriorly through the middle of the gnathosoma. Observations on the other three acts were similar, but in two of these the mass of the ovary was pushed up to a nymph puttering in the region of a needle scratch. On one other occasion a nymph inserted its gnathosoma into the mass of a dissected ovary and remained in position for about a minute. No signs of feeding could be determined. It disengaged its gnathosoma and lay on its side while seeming to clean its appendages. On a number of other occasions nymphs ignored dissected Aedes ovaries. One culture was established with two nymphs obtained from larvae engorged on a white mouse in the laboratory. Vermiculite was used as a medium through which the mites could move. Sinella curviseta, a collembolan, was maintained in this culture. These insects laid eggs and reproduced. When the culture was flooded 163 days after it had been established, one plump, living nymph was recovered. It can be inferred that this nymph fed on some stage of Sinella curviseta. This record of 163 days rep- resents also the longest time a nymph was kept alive. As indicated in the preceding paragraph, H. peromysci larvae engorged successfully on white mice in the laboratory. The un- engorged larvae were obtained from forest soil materials by means of Berlese funnels. One such experiment was used as a start to obtain information concerning the time involved in vari- ous stages of the life cycle. Numerous wild-caught, unengorged larvae were placed on a white mouse. One engorged chigger was obtained on the fourth day and seven engorged chiggers on the seventh day after exposure. These eight chiggers were preserved. On the eighth day after exposure of the mouse to the larvae, 15 engorged chiggers were recovered. These were placed in a special vial. Four days later these chiggers were immobile, entering the nymphochrysalis stage. Nine days after this stage had been reached, one nymph was found in the vial. On the 11th day after the immobility of the larvae, the vial contained nine nymphs. No other nymphs or nymphochrysalids were found. These nymphs were held in the special vial without addition of any food. Thirty- six days later the vial contained one dead and eight living nymphs. It was demonstrated, also, that HZ. peromysci would attach to man. Fifteen unattached, unengorged I’. peromysci larvae were 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 obtained from forest soil materials through Berlese funnels. These were distributed in seven cells which were then attached to the palmar surfaces of a man’s forearms. When the applications were examined 414 to 7 hours later, two chiggers were missing from the cells. Of the chiggers found in the cells, nine were dead and four were alive. One of the living chiggers, examined 514% hours after application, was attached to the skin. It was fastened securely in the center of a small reddish spot about 2 mm. in diameter. Apparently it was attached at a pore, not at the base of a hair. When first observed, it was wet with water or per- spiration; all legs projected sharply posteriorly and it did not move. Nudged repeatedly with a dissecting needle, it was thrust about, pivoting on its gnathosoma. In a short time it began to move its legs in the air. Several trials were made with a dissect- ing needle before the chigger was removed from the point of attachment and preserved. All other chiggers also were preserved. REMARKS: The known range of HL. peromysci gives it the widest distribution of any North American Euschéngastia. It varies within limits through its range. Certain variations, which have been charted, seem to have geographical continuity. The fre- quency with which it has been collected indicates ¥. peromysci is the most common Fuschéngastia to be found cn small mammals east of the Mississippi River. Examinations of the holotype of EH. peromysci (Ewing, 1929) and of the cotypes of FE. signator (Ewing, 1931) and EL. brevipes (Ewing, 1931) showed all three species to conform to the same morphological pattern. The ranges of E. peromysci and E. brevipes have been united by subsequent collections. Collections have not yet united this eastern range with that of EH. signator, but the newer records from Ohio, Kentucky, and North Carolina point toward the continuity. Certain morphological characters of FE. signator do appear at the limits of variation of the species, so that a possibility of subspeciation remains. However, on the basis of morphology and geographical distribution, the three species are here considered to be the same and FH. brevipes and E.. signator to be synonyms of E. peromyset. 9, Euschéngastia cerdiremus Brennan FIGURE 4,a; PLATES 6, 12 Euschéngastia cordiremus Brennan, 1948, pp. 465, 470, 471, 477, figs. 5,a-d, HH; DESCRIPTION: Size: Length engorged, 410 to 580; width, 225 | to 350. Shape: Long ovoid or oval. CHIGGERS—FARRELL 161 Color: Yellow (Brennan, 1948). Gnathosoma: Seta on palpal femur strong, curved, well covered with strong setules on convex curvature. Genual seta thinner, with a few long, slender setules alternately arranged. Dorsal seta on palpal tibia slender with few, slender, alternate setules; lateral seta slender with one to three slender setules; ventral seta with setules spaced alternately in two dorsal rows. Palpal claw strong, slightly curved, three-pronged, the two smaller ac- cessories arising together on the basal half. Galeal seta rather small with two or three setules. Chelicera typical; base heavy; blade smoothly curved with small subapical dorsal tooth and a larger ventral tooth. Punctae on palpal coxa and cheliceral base. Legs: Leg I with two slender genualae and a microgenuala, two tibialae with a microtibiala, a rather small spur with micro- spur about half the length of the spur distal, a subterminala, a parasubterminala, and a pretarsala. Leg II with a single slender genuala, two shorter tibialae, a rather long, siender spur with microspur near the base, usually anterior, and a pretarsala. Leg III with a slender genuala and a slender tibiala. Nonspecialized setae generally with setules shorter and finer than in FE. peromysci. All leg segments punctate. Scutum: Shape generally similar to that of HW. peromysci but more fully rounded. Setae well covered with short setules, but less densely than in EH. peromysci. Pseudostigmata well behind a line between the posterolateral setae, deep and globular. En- larged portion of sensilla ovoid or with tips truncate; well cov- ered with setules on anterior surface, fewer on posterior surface; pedicel rather long, enlarging into the head. A strong ridge arises anteromedial to each pseudostigma, curving anteriorly, laterally, and posteriorly to the posterior margin of the scutum; the two ridges sometimes continuous medially. Surface punctate. Cuticular striae apparent over posterior margin. Standard data of the five specimens studied from Ravalli County, Mont.: AW PW AP SB ASB PSB AL AM PL S 49 61 13 25 23 8 25 28 45 32 47 57 13 22 25 12 25 46 39 48 58 13 18 26 13 25 25 48 50 61 11 22 27 10 28 28 S4 Zi 50 61 13 19 26 14 27 32 48 32 *Expanded portion only. Eyes: Two pairs, anterior pair lateral to posterolateral setae. Diameter of anterior eyes, 10 to 11, mean 10.4; of posterior eyes, 9 to 11, mean 10.4. 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Dorsal setae: Shafts of setae moderately heavy; rather short setules cover shaft well but not densely; anteriorly, the side adjacent to body is nude; posteriorly, setules distributed around the shaft; posteriors end bluntly or with V-clefts. Length of humerals, 43 to 50; of setae near the middle of the first post- humeral row, 38 to 44; of setae in the posterior group, 33 to 38. Dorsal formulae of the five specimens studied from Ravalli County, Oreg.: Asha. ee dOres a ae, AO ie leas 2 0dO DAS! Wh oe Ore et DO nis A2s5 is LE wa Ha ies eee Bikes WO vr. 12 es! 25/8 12 2x), Bien Gia Bb Dipl Qua A ONs ch ora One et Olli Ventral setae: Poststernals similar to dorsals. Number of first sternals, 2; of second sternals, 4; of poststernals, 57 to 71. Length of first sternals, 35 to 42; of second sternals, 25 to 32; of setae near the middle of the first poststernal row, 21 to 24; of setae in the posterior group, 32 to 42. MATERIAL: Five paratypes studied. The four collected Oct. 16, 1945, are in the U. S. National Museum; the one collected Feb. 6, 1946, was borrowed from Rocky Mountain Laboratory. Specimens from hosts, all in Montana: Peromyscus m. artemisiae Peromyscus Ravalli County: Oct. 16, 1945, 4. Ravalli County: Feb. 6, 1946, 1. SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION: Brennan (1948) reported collections in February, May, and October. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: EF. cordiremus has been collected only in Ravalli County, Mont. (fig. 4,@). DIAGNOSIS: E. cordiremus is the only species with four setae in the second sternal row. It is quite similar to E'. peromysci. In E. cordiremus the enlarged portion of the sensilla is less sharply distinct from the pedicel than it is in HZ. peromysct. The galeal seta of E. cordiremus lacks the bristlelike appearance which characterizes the galeal seta of FE’. peromysci. REMARKS: Advantage has been taken of the similarity of LE. cordiremus to E. peromysci in the description of the former. The two might easily be considered to form a group. The “rubra” group The “rubra” group, as it is now known, is composed of three new species, with one of these divided into two subspecies. Diag- nostic features of the group include: Tibiala III present, two genualae I, subterminala and parasubterminala I present, papal claw with three prongs, galeal seta usually branched, two pairs CHIGGERS—FARRELL 163 of distinct eyes, a scutum marked by three joined ridges, cuticular striae folded over the posterior margin of the scutum, and capitate sensillae. As the genus is known at the present time, the form of the ridges on the scutum is sufficient to set off the “rubra” group from other North American species, as follows: Two inverted, somewhat V-shaped ridges—one anterior to each pseudostigma— with a third ridge extending anteriorly around the anterior median seta connecting the apexes of the first two. 10. Euschéngastia rubra, new species FIGURES 4,b, 6,a,d; PLATES 2, 4, 7, 13 DESCRIPTION: Size: Length, 276 to 722; width, 165 to 554. Shape: Ovoid in unengorged specimens in life, broader pos- teriorly, becoming oval with engorgement. Unengorged specimens preserved on slides, ovoid; engorged specimens preserved on slides, broadly oval. Color: Light red in unengorged specimens, becoming pink, orange, and yellow with increasing engorgement; always with deep red eyes. Gnathosoma: Seta on palpal coxa with strong fringe of setules on outer curvature. Strong, forward-curving seta on palpal femur TABLE 7.—Distribution of setules on the galeal setae by pairs of setae for 121 specimens of Euschéngastia rubra Number of Number of Number of getules Frequency setules Frequency setules Frequency 3-4 2 5-5 15 6-8 3 3-5 3 5-6 11 6-9 1 3-6 1 5-7 6 7-7 3 3-x 2 5-8 2 7-8 6 4-4 4d 5-9 1 7-x 4 4-5 21 5-x 5 8-8 1 4-6 8 6-6 8 8-9 3 4-7 4 6-7 5 8-x 1 4-x 1 (Each figure is the number of setules on one seta of the pair; x indicates a seta broken off) with numerous setules evenly distributed except on concave mar- gin, which tends to be nude. Strong curving seta on palpal genu with numerous setules in about four alternate rows on its convex curvature. Dorsal seta on palpal tibia strong with setules in one or two rows on its outer curvature; lateral seta shorter, strongly pectinate or with setules alternately arranged on its outer curva- ture; ventral seta long and strong with numerous setules alter- nately arranged over the longitudinal dorsal half of the shaft. Palpal claw strong, curved, three-pronged with median prong longest and strongest; accessories strong, arising about one-half 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 the length of the claw from its base. Palpal tarsus typical, feathered setae with strong setules. Palpal coxa and femur punc- tate. Galeal seta strong, usually slightly curved inward, strongly pectinate with number of setules variable (table 7 and fig. 6,a) with five the central tendency. Basal segment of chelicera heavy, laterally angulate, strongly punctate; blade strong, curved, with distinct subapical dorsal and ventral teeth. Legs: Leg I with two strong genualae of moderate length and a fine microgenuala; two typical tibialae with a fine microtibiala closely posterior to the more distal of the two; a strong spur slightly proximal to middle of the tarsus with microspur about half the length of the spur distal, single strong subterminala and parasubterminala, and typical pretarsala. Leg II with a strong genuala and two tibialae of moderate length; tarsus with long spur and proximal microspur, pretarsala typical. On leg III a single genuala and a single tibiala, both strong and of moderate length. Nonspecialized setae moderately long with numerous long, curving setules in alternate pattern forming a brush along the outer surfaces. Legs taper slightly. All leg segments with punctae. Anomaly: On cne specimen a spurlike striated seta in addition to the normal tibiala was located on the distal dorsal surface of one tibia III. Scutum: Narrower between anterolateral setae, increasing slightly in width to posterolaterals, and broadly rounded posteri- orly. Anterolateral corners extended, causing the anterior mar- gin to be strongly incurved. Anterolateral and posterolateral setae approximately equal in length; anteromedian much shorter, set back from anterior margin, usually ascending from depression on scutum and bent sharply in mounting; setae with numerous slender setules, similar to dorsals, distributed around the shafts. Surface punctate and strongly marked with ridges and depres- sions. Usually with one or two slightly larger pits or pores pos- terolaterally. Anterior to each of the two pseudostigmata a V-shaped ridge, apex anterior; outer leg curved, extending past posterolateral seta and blending into posterior margin; medial leg almost straight. A third ridge extending anteriorly around the anterior median seta is continuous with the apexes of the first two. Pseudostigmata close together, posterior to a line drawn between the posterolaterals, set into the bases of the ridges near | the ends of the medial legs. Sensillae capitate; heads distinctly | set off from pedicels and covered by short setules; heads usually lie within the depressions behind the ridges. Cuticular striae over — portion posterior to pseudostigmata. CHIGGERS—FARRELL 165 In life, posterolateral setae project posteriorly at a slight angle to the body; anterolaterals project posterolaterally at a slight angle, converging medially; anteromedian seta projects almost perpendicularly from the scutum, giving it an anterior inclination caused by the somewhat anterior exposure of the scutum. Anomalies: In each of two specimens a posterolateral seta to- gether with its setal base was lacking. Standard data of the type specimen from Orange County, N.C.: AW PW APs SB=\ASB. PSB AL AM» PL S 48 62 LO 17 35 10 63 37 61 30 Summary of standard data of 16 specimens, including the type, from Orange, Durham, and Wake Counties, N. C. (AL’s from 15 specimens, AM’s from 15 specimens, S’s from 6 specimens) : AW 42-54, mean 48.5; PW 58-66, mean 61.9; AP 17-23, mean 20.5; SB 11-20, mean 15.8; ASB 29-88, mean 33.8; PSB 10-14, mean 11.9; AL 50-63, mean 59.9; AM 29-38, mean 83.9; PL 52-65, mean 59.3; S 25-30, mean 25.8. Eyes: Two pairs. Anterior eyes lateral to posterolateral setae, distance varying with engorgement. Anterior and posterior eyes almost contiguous in unengorged specimens, becoming separated with engorgement. Diameter of anterior eyes of 14 specimens, 11 to 18, mean 12.4; of posterior eyes 10 to 18, mean 11.6. Anomaly: In one specimen no posterior eyes were apparent; on one side there were apparently two eyes transversely arranged. Dorsal setae: Numerous setae in six posthumeral rows plus a few irregular posteriors. Longitudinal portion of seta opposite body densely covered with fine setules of moderate length; portion adjacent to body tends to be nude. Posterior setae terminate bluntly or with V-clefts, perhaps with fewer setules than the an- teriors but of the same form. Length of humerals of 13 specimens, 54 to 61; of setae from the middle of the first posthumeral row, 50 to 55; of setae from the posterior group, 32 to 88. Dorsal setal formulae of 10 specimens from North Carolina: Orange County? 7 2.125. tows “seib ss) sD oso SOP eee.) Sora WAS SUBS! last 8 E14 Otosrl amen Le eel arkG ac: = 14724 .9"=E10 Ber Loracy Loos s Lost iedeavnd Sit Dn cet lous pl Obeiep ote ce dl, avy Goats Ly. on tOp:. Se tO 72Y) : BZIAS 7D2AVOL) ee c.. : BL2D72Y7 P= ~. 0705 702705 PG J had. 4: i 4. aT ie | Y4 4, 4. q, y ea s 4( Sp 47 P2/Z ( wl OPE W)9 (e dos | Qo Za Seay oF VIL (> as Ch, FARRELL, PEATE 13 PROC. U. S. NAT. MUS. 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VOL. 106 oe Ze‘ 4 (N 92 PZ oo tdie UI o)¢" ( ‘$¢7 eBed uo uoneurldxy “vsojas “gy pur avutsyjq visvsugyssng 70 tr ee GERI) “(N99 Oe be ( fo | Sa T2 VIL a SA Ap Te Ardindvi Je #( vob 4(KaneQoe "f° a OLQI772Y) — SS DIOS JVIA7OED | ef y Wy 2° \. DO) ¢ £4 El (Y9) Ll Lt. gL)o( NZ) 9° Lu ye( or oA ae ae IR ON 7 o7%7 FARRELL, PLATE 19 PROC. U. S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 106 ~~ F(VL)9 ole bo “(¥St Lede: ZZ. “HoT ased uo uolneurldxy ‘siswau1oivs “3 pue S14aqv4L9 DIISDIUQYISNG Sr 4+(NX s707)zZ “(Y9)9 Z- F(X SF P)Z S UJ + (Ao) ovtlae : : 4 E ag, / ENS Cire FU. don 2, ch | Gl, 4A 9794 sl IgA we Ave ‘ ZW 7Z Ave J £9 (§ ob (Aze ye 2 ° ee De! Ny He Nye) “f ee S ris a b)5“( oe db i 124929724) So § BpPev72E 7P2]D a A wit. Ja eV) ahd, peg Ww OF ") 1VA2I?72Y) yr? B >> !QOQIAS JVA7OO) FARRELL, PLATE 20 106 PROC. U. S. NAT. MUS. VOL. ‘¢¢z aded uo uoneurldxy “ds GT 22)Z iSIW OV9 Z ( ) \ a WA Fo. bess i #(\\9) 9 att a) SE Nos Z a ae Q\ 9)% ! Xt } be7 ee 04927794) are DJs PVIPOOH) 7+ OP doe VILA a wqueh Re ) + 4 ¢ { DIUSDSUOYISNT PUR UOGULYS DIVSDSUOYISNS d OY pu0d f QYISNT a sr v2)z! 4( ee Ce ont Sy #(H ao (Apge 'DLID?7IYD NN x2 ‘DRIAL PVATPLD 7 i sbo7 PROC. U. S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 106 FARRELL, PLATE 21 a Galeal seta: —A~ an Tere Tt ,4(5 8), ap Ga 4 td } ri ), 4(4 ay ld 6.(6\\) + , Z(ca.16M\) + ——— | SS A siz ;4(3W); 513 no), 6.(6 e———), Z(ca. 15 ea) _-~ Euschéngastia sciuricola. Explanation on page 235. WU. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956——370902 re = - ¥ = S SS v= en» ia - / - » 7 7 ; - 7 - | 7 ~T wa ve 2 a : : - : we — © - a ~—_ s - (cc : - 7 - . - - - 7 7 - ; : h - aa : 7 i / oe ; ; 7 = 7 7 i 7 ae 7 7 7 . : , - a 7 - ao . ; : / 7 "a Be — - 7 ‘ - o ad ee e PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 0ReqeNeaeReNyggywqyqygygjgjgjgj00o0OoOohns9s»aneamnaRyxwvqwoOwTS oo oaoaoaoaoaoaoOoOonmGajsaSwmooqoqoaseeeeeeeaeeeeeaeeee——————==x=x==zzZ—E Vol. 106 Washington : 1956 No. 3366 SOME CRICKETS FROM SOUTH AMERICA (GRYLLOIDEA AND TRIDACTYLOIDEA) By Lucien Cxoparp! Through the kindness of Dr. Ashley B. Gurney, I have been able to examine an important collection of Grylloidea and Tridactyloidea ? belonging to the U. S. National Museum. Three main lots of specimens comprise the collection: 1. Material collected in northwestern Bolivia by Dr. William M, Mann in 1921-1922 while a member of the Mulford Biological Ex- ploration of the Amazon Basin. A list of his headquarters stations and a map of his itinerary are shown by Snyder (1926) and a popular account of the expedition is given by MacCreagh (1926). 2. Material taken at Pucallpa on the Rio Ucayali and at other Peruvian localities by José M. Schunke in 1948-1949 and obtained for the U. S. National Museum by Dr. Gurney. 3. Material collected in 1949-1950 at Tingo Maria, Pert, and nearby localities by Dr. Harry A. Allard, a retired botanist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture who was engaged primarily in col- lecting plants. All of the principal collecting sites represented by this material are in the drainage of the Amazon River. Some 500 miles separate the area worked over by Allard and Schunke from that where Mann collected. A few Brazilian and Chilean specimens are also included. The following localities are represented: Bouivia: Blanca Flor; Cachuela Esperanza; Cafiamina; Cavinas; Coroico; Covendo; Espia; Huachi; Ivén; Ixiamas; Lower Madidi 10f the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN), ‘For classification of the Orthoptera see Chopard (1949). 376166—56——1 241 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOT. 108 River; Mapiri River; Reyes; Rosario, Lake Rogagua; Rurrenabaque; Tumupasa. Braziu: Fortaleza; Mandos; Natal. Cute: Cerrillos de Tamaya; Puerto Oscuro. Pert: Cerro Azul; Chanchamayo, Department of Junin; Divisoria; Fundo Chela; Fundo Sinchono; Huancayo; “La Merced,’’ Chancha- mayo; Pucallpa; Tingo Maria. The grylloids from Pert were known by the study made by Caudell (1918) while most of the Bolivian species have been recorded by Bruner (1916) in his paper on South American crickets. [Since this manuscript was prepared, and after considerable delay in publication, I have contributed another paper on Peruvian crickets (Chopard, 1954) that was based on material collected by the Hamburg South Pert Expedition of 1936. The general features of that material were discussed by Titschack (1951).] The present collection provides valuable detailed data on the dis- tribution of the grylloids in Bolivia and Pert, from which countries three-fourths of the material has come. The study of the collection does not bring important changes in our knowledge except in the addition of a relatively considerable number of new species. These new species belong especially to the family Trigonidiidae and to the genera Diatrypa and Aphonomorphus of the Podoscirtinae. The presence of species belonging to the genera Rhicnogryllus and Metioche, which were not known in South America, is noteworthy. It confirms the fact that those small crickets, living in very damp places, have a very wide geographical distribution. I have tried to give keys to the American genera of Grylloidea. I trust they will prove of use to American entomologists in spite of unavoidable imperfections. Superfamily GRYLLOIDEA Family GRYLLOTALPIDAE Key to the American genera 1. Anterior tibiae with two dactyls; anterior trochanter bearing a long proc- ess ES ee, SOIR, OAs SU STO Scapteriscus Scudder Anterior tibiae with four dactyls; anterior femora bearing a short process . . 2 2. Very small and slender species; anterior tibiae with open tympanum. Gryllotalpella Rehn Larger and much stouter species; anterior tibiae with more or less closed VY ANUS > caren fon er co cis) Tapio sae ane? Bre itee nota e SC eats fea aot ec CO 3 3. Posterior tibiae unarmed or armed with one spine only; branches of the Sc in the lateral field of elytra very short and perpendicular to the elytral MArZiN® . . . ws © ehh) lint allenic asomll’p. Neocurtilla Kirby Posterior tibiae armed with several spines on the superointernal margin; branches of the Sclong, oblique ......... Gryllotalpa Latreille CRICKETS—-CHOPARD 243 Genus Scapteriscus Scudder, 1868 Scapteriscus oxydactylus (Perty) Gryllotalpa oxydactyla Perty, Delictus animalium articulatorum, p. 118, pl. 23, fig. 9, 1832. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bonivia: Huachi (1 nymph), Mann; Ivén, February 1922 (1c), Mann. Braziu: Natal, July 1943 (19), MacCreary. Prrt: Tingo Maria, December 1949 (19), Allard. Scapteriscus camerani Giglio-Tos Scapleriscus camerani Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ., Torino, vol. 9, p. 45, 1894. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Braziu: Mandos (19), Merrill. Pert: Pucallpa, Feb. 15, 1948 (19), Schunke; Tingo Maria, November 1949 (107, 299), December 1949 (207 co", 599, 1 nymph) ; January 1950 (299), Allard. Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos Scapteriscus borellit Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, vol. 9, p. 45, 1894. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bouivia: Rurrenabaque, November (19), Mann. Braziu: Natal, June 25, 1943 (19). Purrt: Tingo Marfa, December 1949 (30° 6, 19), Allard. Genus Neocurtilla Kirby, 1906 Neocurtilla hexadactyla (Perty) Gryllotalpa hexadactyla Perty, Delictus animalium articulatorum, p. 119, pl. 23, fig. 9, 1832, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bo.uivia: Rurrenabaque, December (19), Mann. Pert: Fundo Sinchono, Sept. 6, 1947 (19), Schunke; Tingo Maria, December 1949 (19), Allard. Family GRYLLIDAE Key to the American genera 1. Posterior tibiae armed with strong, immovable, glabrous or feebly pubescent spines (Gryllinae) . . . as Sopot Posterior tibiae armed wn. ions! i OvabIe: Gabesscut spines (Qemope INBE) a+ oi «maha lO 2. Posterior femora as loned: as aru and ao iinited: body ce shin- IN-eGiae = Sg Ea Posterior fomGrs eho than the fies aad mae eae body usually covered with a fine pubescence . . . ea aan: 3. Posterior tibiae presenting a few denticles befbrs the® anes of the external margin; male elytron with five oblique veins; ovipositor short but normally conformed ............... +. . Megalogryllus Chopard 944 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Posterior tibiae without denticles at base of the external margin; male elytron with two oblique veins; ovipositor rudimentary . . Anurogryllus Saussure 4, Posterior tibiae serrulated before the spines . . . . Odontogryllus Saussure Posterior tibiae without denticles before the spines. . ........ 2.5 5. Both sexescompletely apterous. . .... . . . . Cophogryllus Saussure Elytra perfectly developed, at least in the male sex. . . : mig O 6. Elytra of the male truncated at apex, without apical field; pase of ‘is female strongly reduced or absent ... . : eriaclay tl Elytra of the male with more or less developed apical fold: nee of fe female never reduced to lateral lobes . . . . Aer eae on agree, TS aa 7. Body depressed, pubescent; frontal rosin narrow. . . Gryllbaes Saussure Body more convex, shining with a scarce pubescence; frontal rostrum wide. Gryllita Hebard 8. Posterior metatarsi strongly enlarged, furrowed above, with serrulated ex- ternal margin; general shape short and stout; anterior tibiae with a large internal tympanum .. . . . . . .Hemigryllus Saussure Posterior metatarsi not at all edie pecmatatad on both margins; anterior tibiae with a large external tympanum; when the internal tympanum is present, itis small, round. . . » = i-d) LLO 9. Small species, with short elytra ésinbined with very fore: ee GanopE ene condition is present); facies of a Nemobius . . . . Miogryllus Saussure Average size of the species larger; elytra and wings not so different in length. Acheta Linné 10. Posterior tibiae armed with two apical spurs only on the internal face. Hygronemobius Hebard Posterior tibiae armed with three apical spurs either side. . ..... .11 11. Pronotum twice as wide aslong .. . ..... . . . Argizala Walker Pronotum about 114 times as wide as lone Pteronemobius Jacobson and Bianchi Genus Megalogryllus Chopard, 1929 Megalogryllus molinai Chopard Megalogryllus molinai Chopard, Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 33, p. 528, fig. 2, 1929. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bortivia: Blanca Flor, July-August 1921 (1, 299), January 1922 (20°, 19), Mann. Pert: Pucallpa, Jan. 11, 1948 (107, 299), Schunke. Remarks: This species was previously known from Brazil and British Guiana. Genus Anurogryllus Saussure, 1877 Anurogryllus muticus (De Geer) Gryllus muticus De Geer, Mémoires pour servir 4 l’histoire des insectes, vol. 3, p. 520, pl. 43, fig. 2, 1773. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bouivia: Cafiamina, July 1921 (1), Mann; Espia (1c), Mann; Ivén (19), Mann; Rosario, Oct. 28- Nov. 9, 1921 (12), Mann; Rurrenabaque, October 1921 (19), Mann. Pert: Chanchamayo, June 3, 1948 (1), May 6, 1948 (19), Schunke; La Merced, Jan. 31, 1949 (107), Schunke; Pucallpa, Mar. 2, 1948 CRICKETS—CHOPARD 245 (19), Mar. 15, 1948 (1), Apr. 11, 1948 (19), Schunke; Tingo Maria, November 1949 (1.7, 19), December 1949 (77, 19), January 1950 (2, 19, 1 nymph), Allard. Remarks: The length of the organs of flight is very variable in this species. Nine of the females are perfectly macropterous, whereas one has no wings and very short elytra. None of the males shows the macropterous condition. Genus Acheta Linné, 1758 Acheta assimilis (Fabricius) Gryllus assimilis Fabricius, Systema entomologiae, p. 280, 1775. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bonivia: Cafiamina (1o’, 19). Braziu: Fortaleza, September 1943 (19), MacCreary. Curie: Puerto Oscuro, Sept. 26, 1947 (1c), Guzman; Cerrillos de Tamaya, Sept. 16, 1947 (19), Guzman. Pert: Chanchamayo, June 21, 1948 (1%, 19), Schunke; Pucallpa, Sept. 10, 1947 (830, 299), Schunke; Tingo Maria, December 1949 (19), Allard. Acheta peruviensis (Saussure) Gryllus peruviensis Saussure, Mission scientifique au Mexique . . . . Recherches zoologiques, pt. 6, section 1 (Orthoptéres), p. 406, 1874. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pert: Huancayo, Mar. 4-11, 1943 (299), Jacoslay Soukup. Acheia fulvastra, new species Figure 3,a Types: Holotype: Male, Lower Madidi River, Bolivia, January 1921, Mann (USNM 62061). Allotype: Rosario, Lake Rogagua, Bolivia, Oct. 28-Nov. 9, 1921, Mann (9) (USNM). Paratypes: Covendo, Bolivia (1c), Mann; Rosario, Lake Rogagua, Bolivia, Oct. 28-Nov. 9, 1921, Mann (1c’, 19); Rurrenabaque, Bolivia, Mann (10); Pucallpa, Rio Ucayali, Peri, Mar. 6, 1948, Schunke (1%) (USNM; MNHN). Description: Medium size; coloration rather uniformly rufo- testaceous. Head as wide as pronotum, entirely of a light rufous brown; frontal rostrum sloping, as wide as 1st antennal joint. Face scarcely longer than wide; clypeofrontal suture almost straight. Antennae rufous. Palpi light yellow; 4th joint shorter than 3d, 5th large, feebly enlarged at apex, with slightly concave superior margin, apex somewhat obliquely truncated. Pronotum with parallel margins, anterior margin very feebly con- cave, 1% times as wide as long; disk rather strongly convex, covered with a very fine pubescence; lateral lobes a little darker than the disk, with straight inferior margin. Abdomen light yellowish brown, pubescent; epiproct relatively very long. Genitalia very long and narrow (fig. 3,a). 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 108 Legs yellowish, pubescent. Anterior tibiae a little compressed, enlarged at apex, presenting a large, oval, external typanum and a very small, round internal one; apex armed with three rather strong apical spurs which are very close together; metatarsi compressed, as long as the other two joints united. Medium tibiae armed with four apical spurs. Posterior femora rather short and thick; tibiae a little shorter than the femora, armed with long and strong spines, six on the external, five on the internal margin; the two large apical spurs equal in length; metatarsi with seven to eight denticles on each superior margin. Matz: Elytra smoky, extending to the apex of the 5th abdominal tergite; mirror feebly wider than long, much rounded backwards, with almost right anterior angle, dividing vein in the middle, curved (this vein is variable in the different specimens of the species); two oblique veins; anal field short, with three veins and regular, long areolae; lateral field high, pellucid in the inferior part, with five regularly spaced veins and the Sc bearing one branch. Wings very short. FEMALE (macropterous form): Elytra longer than those of the male, rounded at apex; dorsal field with very regular, feebly oblique veins; Cu bearing three branches, followed by five veins; lateral field as in the male; Sc plain or furcate at apex. Wings decidedly caudate. Ovipositor straight, with apical valves perfectly limited by a strangu- lation of the stem, lanceolate with straight margins, flat above. Dimensions (in millimeters): Length of body, o&@ 14.0, 9 15.0, pronotum, o 2.9, 2 3.0; posterior femur, o 9.5, 2 10.0; elytra, 076.5, 2 8.2; ovipositor, 8.5; wings of female extending beyond elytra by Il mm, Genus Miogryllus Saussure, 1877 Miogryllus convolutus (Johansson) Gryllus convolutus Johansson, in Linné, Amoenitates academicae, vol. 6, p. 399, 1763. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Botivia: Blanca Flor, January 1922 (10°), Mann. Perr: Pucallpa, Sept. 16, 1947 (299), Oct. 8, 1947 (499), Oct. 13, 1947 (19), Jan. 10, 1948 (19), Mar. 3, 1948 (107, 19), Schunke; Tingo Maria, November 1949 (19), December 1949 (107, 19), January 1950 (19), Feb. 24, 1950 (1 nymph), Feb. 26, 1950 (10%), Allard. Remarks: The specimens from Tingo Maria and one male from Pucallpa are micropterous; the remainder are macropterous. Miogryllus verticalis (Serville) Gryllus verticalis Serville, Histoire naturelle des insectes orthoptéres, p. 343, 1839. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pert: Chanchamayo, May 29, 1948 (1c), Schunke. CRICKETS—CHOPARD 247 Miogryllus brevipennis Saussure Gryllodes brevipennis Saussure, Mission scientifique au Mexique . . . . Recherches zoologiques, pt. 6, section 1 (Orthoptéres), p. 418, 1874. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: BouiviA: Rurrenabaque, October 1921 (19), Mann. Genus Hemigryllus Saussure, 1877 Hemigryllus ortoni (Scudder) Nemobius ortonii Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, p. 330, 1869. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bo.ivia: Blanca Flor, January 1922 (30°); Espia (1c’, 19); Mapiri, September 1921 (60°); Rurrenabaque, December 1921 (26° 6", 399), all collected by Mann. Genus Argizala Walker, 1869 Argizala brasiliensis Waiker Argizala brasiliensis Walker, Catalogue of the . . . Dermaptera Saltatoria .. . in the British Museum, vol. 1, p. 61, 1869. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bouivsa: Iv6n, February 1922 (10%); Rosario, Oct. 18-Nov. 9, 1921 (1c*), Mann. Pert: Pucallpa, Jan. 10, 1948 (20° co", 19), Mar. 3, 1948 (2077, 19), Mar. 9, 1948 (10), Schunke. Argizala hebardi (Rehn) Nemobius (Argizala) hebardi Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 67, p. 290, 1915. Nemobius argentinus Bruner, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, p. 371, 1916. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bouivia: Rosario, Oct. 28-Nov. 9 1921, (250° 3", 2199), Mann. Genus Pteronemobius Jacobson and Bianchi, 1904 The genus Pteronemobius differs from Nemobius Serville in the number of spines of the posterior tibiae, which in Nemobius is always three on each margin in both sexes; the first internal spine is never specialized in the male as it is in Pteronemobius. The macropterous condition is not known in the species of Nemobius and no species of the genus has yet been found in America. Pteronemobius cubensis (Saussure) FIGURE 3,¢ Nemobius cubensis Saussure, Mission scientifique au Mexique ... Recherches zoologiques, pt. 6, section 1 (Orthoptéres), p. 384, pl. 7, fig. 5, 1874. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bo.ivia: Rosario, Oct. 28-Nov. 9, 1921 (60, 39), Mann. 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 106 Pteronemobius longipennis Saussure Nemobius longipennis Saussure, Mission scientifique au Mexique ... Recher- ches zoologiques, pt. 6, section 1 (Orthoptéres), p. 383, 1874. Nemobius argentinus Chopard, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 559, figs. 87-89, 1918 (not argentinus Bruner 1916). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bo.ivia: Rosario, Oct. 28—-Nov. 9, 1921 (60%, 79), Mann; Rurrenabaque, November 1921 (19), Mann (micropterous). Prrt: Pucallpa, Oct. 8, 1947 (20), Jan. 10, 1948 (30°), Mar. 2, 1948 (19), Schunke (macropterous). Remarks: According to Saussure’s description, this species should have the last joint of maxillary palpi not longer than the preceding; I have never seen an American nemobiid presenting exactly this character, but the maxillary palpi are somewhat shorter in the present species than in the neighboring forms. Pteronemobius schunkei, new species Ho.oryre: Male; Divisoria, elevation 1,600 meters, about 80 miles southwest of Pucallpa, Rio Ucayali, Peri, November 1947, Schunke (USNM 62062). Matz: Rather small and short. Head short, rounded, a little wider than the pronotum; vertex weakly sloping; coloration rufous brown above, rather strongly darkened towards the apex of the rostrum; frontal rostrum a little wider than Ist antennal joint, rounded. Face as long as wide, very dark brown. Eyes rounded, projecting; ocelli very small, the anterior one a little before the extremity of the rostrum. Antennae and palpi brown; 4th joint of maxillary palpi very short, 5th almost four times as long, rather feebly enlarged at top. Pronotum transverse, very feebly narrowing in front, with straight anterior and posterior margins; disk feebly convex, brownish with a lateral light band; lateral lobes blackish brown, with straight inferior margin. Abdomen dark brown. Legs rather short, pubescent, rufous with a few brown spots; anterior and medium tarsi almost as long as the tibiae. Posterior femora short and thick, striated with brown on the external face; tibiae armed on each margin with four slender spines feebly curved at apex; internal spines much longer than the external, chiefly the 4th which is longer than the larger spur; Ist spine very small, feebly tuberculiform; inferior spurs feebly unequal in length; metatarsi very long. Elytra brown, shining, extending almost to the apex of abdomen; mirror very small, almost apical, obliquely transverse, with right anterior angle; apical part divided into two cells, one large and one very small; diagonal vein long, feebly curved at base, straight after; CRICKETS—CHOPARD 249 chord straight; lateral field almost black with four parallel veins. No wings. Length of body 7.0 mm.; posterior femur 5.0 mm.; elytra 4.0 mm.; pronotum 1.5 mm., width of pronotum 2.4 mm. Remarks: This species has the same size and general habitus as P. cubensis but the elytral mirror and genitalia are strongly different (fig. 3,b,c). Genus Hygronemobius Hebard, 1915 Hygronemobius albipalpus (Saussure) Nemobius albipalpus Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, vol. 25, p. 89, 1877. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pert: Pucallpa, Oct. 8, 1947 (107, 599), Oct. 13, 1947 (19), Jan. 10, 1948 (19), Mar. 2, 1948 (19), Schunke. Hygronemobius longespinosus, new species Fiaure l,a Houotyre: Female: Rurrenabague, Rio Beni, Bolivia, November 1921, Mann (USNM 62063). FrmMaue: Smail; testaceous, a little mottled with brown. Head rounded, presenting above two very feeble brown bands; four rows of long bristles extending to the apex of the vertex. Face yellowish with two rounded brown spots near the internal margin of the antennal sockets. Antennae and palpi yellowish; 5th joint of maxillary palpi in the shape of a long triangle, feebly enlarged at apex. Pronotum feebly narrowing in front, with posterior margin convex; disk yellowish varied with large brown spots, bearing long bristles; lateral lobes with weakly sinuated inferior margin, rounded angles; their color is dark brown with a few small yellow spots, inferior margin lined with yellowish. Abdomen varied with yellowish and brownish. Ovipositor rather short, very weakly curved, with apical valves occupying more than half the total length, very acute at apex, their margins smooth, the inferior ones very narrow. Anterior legs wanting. Median femora yellowish with two small transverse bands, apex also brownish; tibiae with two brownish rings; metatarsi as long as the two other joints united. Posterior femora yellowish with oblique brown stripes on the external face, superior margin entirely brownish, small rings of the same color a little before the apex; internal face presenting in superior part only three brownish bands; tibiae adorned with two light brown rings near the base and small spots at base of each spine; these are very long, pubescent, brown with yellow base and apex, and there are three on each margin; 250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 externomedian apical spur equaling half the length of the metatarsus; superointernal apical spur extending to the apex of the metatarsus. The right elytron is wanting; left elytron presenting only three straight, equidistant veins, without transverse veinlets. Wings very long. Length of body 5.0 mm.; length with wings 10.5 mm.; posterior femur 4.2 mm.; ovipositor 2.4 mm.; elytra 2.6 mm. Remarks: This species is very close to the preceding; it is of a more uniform coloration, with concolorous last joint of maxillary palpi, which is also longer and less strongly enlarged at apex; spines and spurs of the posterior tibiae much longer. Family MocopLisTIDAE Key to the American genera 1. Posterior metatarsus very long, almost unarmed above. Cycloptiloides Sjéstedt Posterior metatarsus armed with spinules on the heise MAPPING, | 2.42152) 2. Anterior tibiae without tympana... . rca eTO Anterior tibiae provided with an auditory Pema on mene nolernal face: 6 4: 3. Apical spurs of the posterior tibiae very long. . . . . Microgryllus Philippi Apical spurs of the posterior tibiae short. Oligacanthopus Rehn and Hebard 4. Elytra of the male completely hidden under the pronotum. Ectatoderus Guerin Elytra of the male partly visible. . . . abs nese cek onto 5. Pronotum of male elongate, rounded behind: elvis mii Sans only visible beyond pronotum. . . . : . . . .Cycloptilum Scudder Pronotum of male almost ieancated: behind: tegmina almost completely vinible watt aio aos aaice ret Pains ¥ieOrnebrastGuerin Family PENTACENTRIDAE Key to the American genera 1. Posterior metatarsi very long, cylindrical, unarmed above. ....... 2 Posterior metatarsi compressed, denticulated above. .. . SErehagne 2. Eyes well developed; ocelli present; anterior tibiae periorat a petal venation TOP HIA eos vega ale . .. . . Trigonidomimus Caudell Eyes degenerated; no yeellis aiterion tibiae without tympana; elytra corneous, without distinguishable mirror. .. . . . . « . Tohila Hubbell 3. Elytra of the male feebly differentiated, showing the anal vein and one oblique vein; posterior tibiae with four or five spines on each margin, six apical spurs; posterior metatarsi twice as long as the other joints united. Aphemogryllus Rehn Elytra similar in both sexes, with longitudinal, parallel veins; posterior femora short without filiform apical part; posterior tibiae armed with three spines on each margin and five apical spurs; matatarsi not so long, dilated in the males) 6 sca omy |b ci Qeost)- hate vos fore ooort Nemebiepsis Bolivar CRICKETS—-CHOPARD 251 Genus Trigonidomimus Caudell, 1912 Trigonidomimus ruficeps, new species Typrs: Holotype, female; Covendo, Bolivia, August 1921, Mann (USNM 62064). Allotype: Pucallpa, Rio Ucuyali, Pert, Nov. 2, 1947, Schunke (co) (USNM). Paratype: Pucallpa, Rfo Ucuyali, Pert, Mar. 15, 1948, Schunke (9) (USNM). FEMALE: Size a little larger than the other species of the genus. Head entirely reddish, smooth; vertex sloping, ending between the antennae in a very short and narrow rostrum. Face rufous yellow, smooth. Eyes large, dorsoventrally lengthened; ocelli scarcely visible. Labial palpi brown; maxillary palpi wanting. Antennae (a short part remains) brown with very large, flattened first joint. Pronotum very dark brown, shining, almost glabrous; with straight anterior and posterior margins, both bordered with long bristles; disk feebly convex with a faint median furrow; lateral lobes concolorous, their inferior margin straight, anterior angle right, feebly rounded. Abdomen blackish brown. Cerci yellowish. Ovipositor rather short, very feebly curved upwards; apical valves extremely narrow and acute. Legs long and slender. Anterior femora yellowish at base and above, with internal face brown, external face brown at apex, the brown spot narrowing towards the base; tibiae brown with a rather small, nearly round tympanum at base of the internal face; apex armed with two small and slender spurs; tarsus almost as long as the tibia, the metatarsus longer than the other two joints united. Median legs similar to the anterior ones. Posterior femora moderately swollen at base, without filiform apical part, adorned externally with three longi- tudinal brown bands, uniting after the middle; tibiae brown, armed with three spines on each margin and six slender apical spurs; medio- external spur a little longer than the superior one, which is very thin; superointernal spur much longer than the median. Metatarsi very long. Elytra extending almost to the apex of abdomen, dark brown; dorsal field with five feebly oblique, parallel veins, the two internal ones uniting towards the middle; lateral field high, blackish brown, with three distant, feebly incurved at base veins. Wings no longer than the elytra. Matz (allotype): General aspect and color of the female. Head as in the female; palpi blackish; 5th joint of the maxillary palpi very large, feebly widening at apex, with slightly concave superior margin, apex lengthily truncated, feebly rounded, internal margin very short. Legs as in the female but somewhat more blackish. Elytra blackish, extending only to the apex of the 6th abdominal tergite; mirror large, 952 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 106 narrow, almost twice as long as wide, with very acute anterior margin, rounded backwards, divided beneath the middle by an oblique, some- what curved Vein; diagonal vein as long as the internal margin of the mirror; chords Sach longer, feebly curved, very close one to the other; apical field very short; Se bearing two branches. Wings exceed- ing very much the elytra, w hitieh. Draenstons (in millimeters): Length of body, 2 9.0, & 7.5; length with wings, o 13; pronotum, 2.0; posterior femur, 9 7.0, & 5.0; elytra, 2 6.0, co 2.0; ovipositor, 5.5. Trigonidomimus zernyi (Chopard) Quarequa zernyi Chopard, Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien, vol. 46, p. 246, fig. 9, 1933. SpECIMENS EXAMINED: Prrt: Tingo Maria, November 1949 (19), Allard. Family PHALANGOPSIDAE Key to the American genera 1. Pronotum wider than long, with lateral lobes square or rounded, not attenu- ated infront... SIRS 7332 Pronotum long, with latoral 1eGas narrow ving! in front hein inferior margin ascending forwards . .. . . . . . . Cophus Saussure 2. Frontal rostrum between the aaiannee sols Sintanioe margin of the lateral lobes of pronotum straight; last joint of maxillary palpi ava Tinta truncated at apex; legs short (Luzarae group) .... . re neat Frontal rostrum between the antennae narrow; jn féribe margin of the lateral lobes of pronotum ascending backwards. .. . . » pa eutig oak 3. Elytra well developed, their structure delicate; ration conspieupus, dorsal field of male deplanate. . . . t pee 4: Elytra moderately to greatly reaneed or a Upsent: oer present: orien ereitcenee chitinous, often corneous; venation of dorsal field weak or obsolete . . 7 4, Lateral field of male tegmina specialized; Sc with numerous branches . . 5 Lateral field of male as with simple venation; Sc without oblique branches}? « =... . . . . . Prosthacusta Saussure 5. Anterior tibiae with foramsines on Spoth fates: male tegmina ample, widening behind: 4... 262% te cote Oo Anterior tibiae with foramert's on site ins lgniy: Tale tegmina not widening caudad. . . . . . . . . Lernecella Hebard 6. Superointernal apical spur of eosteb ior ~iiibiae: longer than the median; tibiae armed with four spines on each margin; mirror of male elytra triangular; apical field provided with longitudinal veins. . . . . . Lerneca’ Walker Superointernal apical spur of posterior tibiae shorter than the median: tibiae armed with three spines on the external margin, one on the internal, with very strong denticles before the spines; mirror of male elytra almost oval; apical field with transverse veins. . . . . Benoistiella Uvarov 7. Anterior tibiae with auditory foramina on one or both Faces 252 fades fopmerS Anterior tibiae without auditory foramina. .. . 4 ee Pal S 8. Tegmina with lateral field having two unbranched lonsviudinal veins, .. 9 Tegmina with lateral field having more than two longitudinal veins (some of which branch inthe males) . . ...--..-.++++s1+.-+. & 10. 11. 12. 14. 15. 16. Lis 18. ug; 20. 21. 22. 23. 24 CRICKETS——CHOPARD 20D . Anterior tibiae with auditory foramen on internal face only ...... 10 Anterior tibiae with foramina on both faces. . . . . . . Vairona Hebard Male tegmina overlapping in such a way that the dextral dorsal field almost wholly covers the sinistral; venation there obsolete but a distinct depres- sion showing the archet; entire dorsal surface strongly hirsute, elytra not at all glabrous. . . . . . Gryllosoma Hebard Male tegmina with dextzal “dorsal fila’ covering ‘only slightly more than half the sinistral; dorsal exposed field with venation obsolete, smooth, convex, without Iateral angle; dorsal surface more or less aga weakly or not atall, hirsute «2° 4) oc. UU BOE MD cae ome es. cL Form more robust; palpi ee Female éeantina slightly over- lapping. . . . . . . . Rehniella Hebard Form less robust size iaiialls palpi very elongate: Female tegmina repre- sented by small lateral pads . ... . . . . . . Prosthama Hebard Anterior tibiae with auditory foramen on interwal face:only 2s JU. ws. « 1S Anterior tibiae with auditory foramina on both faces... . Sle LS . Palpi simple. Male tegmina with entire shining dorsal surface weekly convex . . P ksn- 6 14 Palpi with 4th aad 5th ‘ints expanded and flattened: ‘Male tegimina entire dorsal surface flat ..... . . . . . Palpigera Hebard Palpi moderately elongate. Male jewmina without trace of venation. Niquirina Hebard Palpi elongate. Male tegmina with aes archet and mere traces of other venation... . . . . . . Amusina Hebard Impressions of pronotal disk feeble, jheonspieacak: Antennae annulate. 16 Impressions of pronotal disk distinct. Antennae and limbs not annulate. Size very large. . . . Pe hae AOS eee Hebard Form more robust with shor ley cme a ee : flo ot Ghats Form slender with very elongate limbs for here group. . Avaliandes ilebard Tegmina with venation reduced, delicate but distinct . . Luzarida Hebard Tegmina with venation greatly reduced, almost obliterated . Luzara Walker Eyes not strongly projecting; palpi not annulate; limbs short. . ... . 19 Eyes more strongly projecting; palpi annulate; limbs of medium length, Anacusta Hebard Lateral lobes of pronotum diverging backwards so that the posterior angle is distinctly visible from above. Both sexes with short elytra. . . . 20 Lateral lobes of pronotum nearly perpendicular. Female apterous. Miogryllodes Hebard Limbs very short. Projection formed by fastigium and face moderately developed. Dorsal surface of body moderately hirsute . Cophella Hebard Limbs short. Projection weak and very broadly rounded. Dorsal surface of body shining, hairs exceedingly minute. . . Paracophella Hebard Last joint of maxillary palpi truncated at apex only. Legs relatively short (Heterogrylli group) . .. . «wm ow ee Last joint of maxillary palpi sirbiiaty abd obaucky ey at apex (Amphiacustae group) . - 2 . Len etre olaste.« 32 Frontal rostrum as wide as first ana aon 23 Frontal rostrum very narrow . 24 Maxillary palpi short; very small for bile eh “(01 min. ¥. Eugryllina Hebard Maxillary palpi long; size larger (15-16 mm.). . Dyscophogrylius Rehn Anterior tibiae nonperforated or with scarcely visible auditory tympana . 25 Anterior tibiae with auditory tympana on one or both faces. . . - - - 28 254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 25. Both sexes completely apterous. . . . . . Arachnopsis Saussure Males with greatly reduced elytra, without paecepiihis veins;female apterous . 26 26. Legs and palpishort... . . . . Laranda Walker Legs and palpi very long, ested Searcens 7s flifords apical part. . . 27 27. Legs moderately elongate; elytra of male triangular, thick, feebly distant on the medianline .. . . . . . . Eidmanacris, new name ° Legs extremely long; elytra of male die, overlapping, truncated at apex. Phalangopsis Serville 28. Anterior tibiae perforated on both faces... . . ne rae Guerin Anterior tibiae perforated on one face only .... . i first. 29 29, Anterior tibiae perforated on the internal face... . . cu. cro t.. 60 Anterior tibiae perforated on the external face. . . entcoate Saussure 30. Elytra of male short, triangular, without well defined mirror; those of the female reduced to lobiform, lateral pads . . . . . . Uvaroviella Chopard Elytra of the male with well defined mirror . . . Ries siaaia As Bll 31. Mirror oval, divided by numerous veins; female apterous ésit Nake Hebard 4 Mirror vaguely triangular, divided near the apex by one or two irregular veins; elytra present in the female... .... . . . Aclodes Hebard 32. Elytra of male very short, truncated, or absent . . . Paracophus Chopard Elytra of male moderately short with normal venation. ....... 33 33. Superior apical spur of posterior tibiae longer than the median on both sides; anterior tibiae perforated on the internal face. . . . Endecous Saussure Superior apical spur of posterior tibiae shorter than the mediannats iat.’ 34 34. Anterior tibiae perforated on both faces; elytra of male rather short, rounded; mirror with two dividing veins. . . . . . . . Amphiacusta Sauesare Anterior tibiae perforated on the external face only; elytra of male coriaceous; mirror divided by several veins. . . . . . . . Hemicophus Saussure Genus Prosthacusta Saussure, 1874 Prosthacusta amplipennis, new species FiacuRrEs l,c, 3,d Hoxrotyre: Male; Pucallpa, Rio Ucuyali, Pert, Sept. 16, 1947, Schunke (USNM 62065). Mats: Close to P. cireumcincta Saussure; coloration rather uniform light brown. Head rather small, as wide as pronotum, uniformly brownish, almost glabrous; vertex strongly sloping; frontal rostrum as wide as first antennal joint. Face long, yellowish, smooth. Antennae and palpi yellowish; maxillary palpi rather long, the three last joints equal in length, the last one feebly enlarged, obliquely truncated at apex. Pronotum as long as wide, with straight anterior and posterior margins; disk strongly convex, brown, smooth, glabrous; lateral lobes long, with inferior margin straight, rounded angles. Abdomen dark brown above, yellowish beneath; subgenital plate long, truncated at apex; epiproct almost twice as wide as long, feebly truncated at apex, 3 For Hidmaniella Chopard (Aug. 1938), preoccupied by Eidmantella Keler (March 1938). ‘It seems that this genus may represent the male sex of Heterogryllus Saussure; in that case, the last name would have priority. CRICKETS—-CHOPARD 255 furrowed at base. Genitalia triangular in their general shape, with four narrow apical processes (fig. 3,d). Anterior and median legs rather long and slender; femora somewhat darkened at apex; tibiae vaguely annulated, the anterior ones present- ing a small auditory foramen near the base of the internal face. Posterior femora rather short, strongly dilated at base, without apical filiform part, with darkened apex; before the brown part there is a yellowish ring; internal and inferior faces mottled with brown. Tibiae brown at base, presenting little after the brown part a ring of the same color; base of the spines spotted with brown; superior margins rather strongly serrulated and armed with four spines; superoexternal and inferoexternal apical spurs very short, the median twice as long; inferointernal spur a little longer than the external; superointernal longer than the median, a little more than half the length of the metatarsus; the latter is long, brown at apex, armed above with a few denticles, the apical spurs rather short. Elytra extending to the apex of abdomen, rather strongly widening caudad, rufous brown, shining, with a rather feeble yellow, opaque, band all round; internal margin feebly convex; internal angle and apical margin strongly rounded; dorsal field somewhat corneous with rather feeble veins; diagonal vein very short, divided, forming a very long, triangular mirror; two chords, the internal of which extending along the apical margin as far as the external angle; six long, parallel, straight oblique veins; anal vein very faint; anal field especially thickened; lateral field rather small, with three plain veins, the third one emerging from base of the Sc. No wings. Length of body 11.5 mm.; pronotum 2.4 mm.; width of pronotum 2.5 mm.; posterior femur 9 mm.; elytra 7.5 mm. Remarks: This species differs from circwmeincta in the more uniform coloration and the wider elytra with quite different venation. Genus Miogryllodes Hebard, 1928 Miogryllodes sp. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Braziu: Near Paré (19 nymph), Merrill. Certainly belonging to this genus, but specifically undeterminable. Genus Luzara Walker, 1869 Luzara rufipennis Walker Luzara rufipennis Walker, Catalogue of the . . . Dermaptera Saltatoria . . in the British Museum, vol. 1, p. 103, 1869. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bouivra: Tumupasa, December 1921 (19), Mann. Pert: Chanchamayo, July 22, 1948 (1c), Schunke; Rio Ucuyali, Apr. 30, 1947 (1<7), Schunke. 876166—56——3 256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Genus Luzarida Hebard, 1928 Luzarida pulla Hebard Luzarida pulla Hebard, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 54, p. 41, pl. 8, fig. 1, 1928. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bouivra: Tumupasa, December 1921 (19), Mann. Genus Paragryllus Guerin, 1844 Paragryllus temulentus Saussure Paragryllus temulentus Saussure, Mem, Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, vol. 25, p. 413, 1878. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bo.ivia: Cachuela Esperanza, March 1922 (19), Mann; Tumupasa, December 1921 (19), Mann. Genus Acla Hebard, 1923 Acla reticulata, new species FIauReE 3,e Ho.uorypr: Female; Fundo Sinchono, elevation 1,550 meters, about 40 miles southwest of Pucallpa, Rio Ucuyali, Pera, Sept. 2, 1947, Schunke (USNM 62066). Mats: Size small. Head as wide as pronotum; occiput and vertex short, strongly convex, rufous adorned with four brown bands, finely pubescent; frontal rostrum very narrow, brown. Face long, shining brown with a median yellow band. Eyes strongly projecting forwards; ocelli small, the anterior one at extremity of the rostrum, the lateral ones very distant from it, quite at base. Antennae wanting. Palpi rather long, brownish; 3d and 4th joints of the maxillary palpi equal in length, 5th longer, feebly enlarged, truncated at apex only. Pronotum transverse, pubescent, with straight anterior and pos- terior margins, furrowed median line; disk feebly convex, irregular, rufous brown with brown spots; lateral lobes blackish, with inferior margin strongly ascending backwards. Abdomen brown mottled with rufous above, brownish beneath; subgenital plate of medium size, weakly narrowing at apex, with feebly truncated posterior margin. Genitalia wide, the superior part forming a narrow bridge with a median process in the shape of a trident; inferior parts depressed with a long, curved lateral process (fig. 3,e). Legs long, annulated with brown. Anterior tibiae perforated with a small, oval tympanum at base of the internal face; tarsi very long. Posterior femora strongly dilated at base, adorned on the external face with two oblique brown bands and three rings—one in the middle, one in the narrow apical part, and one at apex. Tibiae with three brown rings, armed with four external, three internal spines, finely — CRICKETS—-CHOPARD 257 serrulated; superoexternal and inferoexternal apical spurs very short, median twice as long; inferointernal spur very small, much shorter than the external, median and superior of the same length, scarcely reaching the middle of the metatarsus, which is very long. Elytra extending to the apex of the 6th abdominal tergite, dark brown, finely pubescent, with yellowish veins; anal field small; archet with a much-rounded angle; mirror large but somewhat confused, subtriangular, filled with a rather regular reticulation; chords irregular, very distant, the 2d incomplete; five oblique veins, parallel to one another; apical field almost null; lateral field small, blackish, with inferior margin very oblique, presenting three regular veins. No wings. Length of body 10.0 mm.; pronotum 2.1 mm.; width of pronotum 3.0 mm.; posterior femur 10.5 mm.; elytra 5.0 mm. ReEMARKS: This species is quite distinct by the reticulation which almost fills the mirror; this character does not fit perfectly either with Acla or with Aclodes and the knowledge of other species will probably lead to the reunion of these two genera. Acla vicina, new species Figure 3, f Hoxotryre: Male; Cerro Azul, about 120 miles northwest of Pu- callpa, Rio Ucuyali, Peri, May 6, 1947, Schunke (USNM 62067). Mate: Size medium; testaceous varied with brown, finely pubescent; Head short; vertex abruptly sloping; superior part adorned with four yellow lines which are united in front by three semicircular lines; another fine yellow line borders the internal face of the eye till the cheek, where it is united to the occiput by a short oblique line; frontal rostrum very narrow. Face yellow varied with brown. Eyes strongly projecting; ocelli very small, the anterior one at extremity of the rostrum, the lateral ocelli at base. Antennae brown with a few yellow rings. Palpi rather short, slender; 5th joint of the maxil- lary palpi feebly enlarged at apex which is straightly truncated. Pronotum as long as wide in front, feebly widening backwards, with straight anterior and posterior margins; disk feebly convex, irregular, finely furrowed in the middle; lateral lobes with inferior margin ascending backwards, brown with anterior margin yellow. Abdomen brown; subgenital plate rather long, rounded at top. Genitalia rather short and similar to those of the preceding species (fig. 3,f). Legs moderately long, varied with yellowish and brownish. Anterior and median tibiae thickened at base, mottled with brown; tibiae presenting three brown rings, the anterior ones nondilated at base, presenting on the internal face a small, nearly round foramen; apex of the anterior tibiae armed with two inferior spurs, the internal being the longer; median tibiae armed with three apical spurs; tarsi 376166—56——2 258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 long, chiefly the metatarsus which is brown with: yellow base. Pos- terior femora rather short and thick at base, with almost null filiform apical part; external face obliquely striated with brown. Posterior tibiae presenting four brown rings, armed with four external, three internal spines which are short and placed quite in the apical part; margins strongly serrulated; external apical spurs very short, median and superior internal spurs longer, chiefly the median, which, however, does not exceed one-third the metatarsus; the latter is long, brown with yellow base, armed above with a row of five or six denticles, the apical spurs short. Elytra extending to the apex of abdomen, rounded at apex; mirror very large, occupying more than two-thirds of the length of the elytron, divided by 13 undilated veins; diagonal vein very short; 1st chord rather long, almost straight and almost touching the mirror; 2nd chord short, strongly curved; anal field very short, the archet unbroken, simply undulated; oblique veins very close, about 12 in number (description made from the left elytron, the right one being absent), apical field very short with one vein only; lateral field dark brown, Sc plain. Length 12.0 mm.; pronotum 2.8 mm.; posterior femur 11.0 mm.; elytra 7.0 mm. Remarks: Very close to A. multivenosa Chopard, from Costa Rica, but smaller with larger elytra and mirror occupying a more important place. Genus Aclodes Hebard, 1928 Aclodes maculatum (Caudell) Endacusta maculata Caudell, Ins. Inse, Menstr., vol. 6, p. 66, 1918. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; PERU: Pucallpa, Jan. 22, 1948 (1c), Schunke; Tingo Maria, December 1949 (107), Allard. Family OECANTHIDAE Key to the American genera Posterior tibiae serrulated and armed with small spines on the superior margins. Oecanthus Serville Posterior tibiae serrulated without spines. . ........ Neoxabea Kirby Genus Oecanthus Serville, 1831 Oecanthus peruvianus Walker Oecanthus peruvianus Walker, Catalogue of the . . . Dermaptera Saltatoria .. . in the British Museum, vol. 1, p. 95, 1869. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pert: Chanchamayo, La Merced, Feb. 2, 1949 (19), Schunke. ~I 10. 11. CRICKETS—CHOPARD 259 Family TRIGONIDIIDAE Key to the American genera . Last joint of maxillary palpi more or less dilated but of normal shape. . . 2 Last joint of maxillary palpi considerably expanded, foliaceous. . . . . 10 . Elytra of male presenting a distinct mirror. . . .......... 4 38 Elytral venation similar in both sexes . . . . 7 . Head flattened above; eyes horizontally lengthened’ 5th oan ae adlae palpi very short ..... 5 . . Cyrtoxipha Brunner Head convex above; eyes Vanticatlns lengiliened’ 5th joint of maxillary palpi longer 305745!7% Ne fe OS . Form extremely slerider posterior Pec eRtenal ncarly: Pat as Tone as the other joints together... . . . . . . Macroanaxipha Hebard Not so slender; posterior neater Bhorcr post taghs: J 4) a ee oto Se eM . Anterior tibiae without tympana; size very small. . . . . Faleicula Rehn Anterior tibiae with more or less distinct tympana; size larger. . . . . . 6 . Auditory tympana linear, imperforate; tegmina corneous, the veins poorly defined. Color of insect bright . ..... . . Symphyloxiphus Rehn Auditory tympana oval; tegmina membranaceous. Color of insect dull yellow or brownish to blackish . ..... . . . . Amaxipha Saussure . Elytra covered with a fine pubescence ... . . . Hebardinella Chopard Elytra without hairs on the dorsal surface .............. 8 Elytral veins quite straight, parallel, projecting . . . nk 19 Elytral veins less projecting, more or less oblique and a eerie Metioche Stal . Posterior legs abnormally long. . . .... . . . . . Estrellina Hebard Legs of normallength.... . .. . . . KRhicnogryllus Chopard Head and pronotum very elongate; coloration more or less metallic; pronotum without pubescence . . . ... .. . Cranistus Stal Head short; pronotum a little longer than vide Gi MIS My tT Brite Ee Eyes feebly projecting; pronotum without hairy covering. Phyllopalpus Uhler Eyes more strongly projecting; pronotum with hairy covering. Phylloseyrtus Guerin Genus Cyrtoxipha Brunner, 1873 Cyrtoxipha pernambucensis Rehn Cyrtoxipha pernambucensis Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 72, p. 283, pl. 11, fig. 39, 1920. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pert: Pucallpa, Jan. 29, 1948 (19), Feb. 1. 1948 (19), Schunke; Tingo Maria, Nov. 14, 1949 (19), Allard. Genus Anaxipha Saussure, 1874 Anaxipha peruviana Saussure FIGURE 3,9 Cyrtoxipha peruviana Saussure, Mission scientifique au Mexique... . Recher- ches zoologiques, pt. 6, section 1 (Orthoptéres), p. 378, 1874. 260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 106 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bouivia: Blanca Flor, January 1922 (19), Mann; Huachi, September 1921 (19), Mann; Mapiri, September 1921 (1 "), Mann; Tumupasa, September 1921 (1c), Mann. Prrt: Chan- chamayo, Apr. 26, 1948 (19), June 3, 1948 (107), Schunke; Divisoria, 1947 (19), 1948 (1%), Dec. 4, 1947 (19), Feb 15, 1948 (1c), Schunke; Tingo Maria, November 1949 (ic), December 1949 (27%, 19), Jan- uary 1950 (30°, 6 2Q), February 1950 (167, 19), Feb. 11, 1956 1), Feb. 14, 1950 (19), Feb. 19, 1950 (1%, 19). Remarks: Both the Bolivian and Peruvian series include macrop- terous as well as micropterous specimens. Several micropterous ones from Tingo Maria are intensively colored. Anaxipha conspersa (Bruner) FIGURE 38,h,p Cyrtozipha conspersa Bruner, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, p. 406, 1916. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: BoxiviA: Coroico (1); Huachi, September 1921 (1c), Mann; Tumupasa, December 1921 (19), Mann. Pert: Fundo Sinchona, Aug. 5, 1947 (19), Schunke; Pucallpa, Jan. 10, 1948 (1%), Schunke. Anaxipha mexima (Bruner) FIGURE 3,1,n Cyrtoxipha maxima Bruner, Ann, Carnegie Mus., vol. 10, p. 407, 1916. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bonivia: Reyes (19), Mann; Rosario, Nov- ember 1921 (1c), Mann. Anaxiphe ruficeps, new species Hoxotyre: Male; Tingo Marfa, Perti, Feb. 14, 1950, Allard (USNM 62068). Maun: Slender, of a very light general coloration. Head somewhat flattened above, adorned with four wide, rufous bands, uniting in front a little before the extremity of the rostrum; this rufous tint is bordered with an opaque, yellow band. Face as long as wide, pale yellow. Eyes projecting, rounded. Antennae yellow with Ist joint blackish brown. Palpi yellow; 4th joint of maxillary palpi shorter than 3d, 5th large, triangular, rather strongly enlarged at apex. Pronotum narrowing in front; disk yellow, adorned in the middle with a wide brown band with a fine median yellow line; lateral lobes yellow with a rufous band in the superior part, inferior margin straight, anterior margin a little rounded. Abdomen yellow; genitalia almost alike those of peruviana. Ficure 1.—Holotypes of: a, Hygronemobius longespinosus, new species, female; b, Rhic- nogryllus annulipes, new species, male; c, Prosthacusta amplipennis, new species, male; d, Diatrypa allardi, new species, male. Drawn by Arthur D. Cushman, Entomology Research Branch, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 261 CRICKETS—CHOPARD Ficure 1.—For explanation see facing page. 262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 106 Legs long and slender. Anterior tibiae rather strongly widening almost to the middle, perforated with two large, oval tympana; 2d and 3d joints of the tarsus grayish brown. Medium femora adorned with a rufous spot on each side a little before the apex. Posterior femora long and slender, yellow; spines of the tibiae long, grayish; apical spurs short, the two internal ones wide, furrowed beneath. Elytra strongly exceeding the apex of abdomen, rather narrow; mirror large, longer than wide by a quarter; diagonal vein rather long, strongly curved at base, then very close and almost parallel to the Ficurr 2.—Holotypes of: a, Anaxipha nigerrima, new species, male; b, Metioche boliviana, new species, male. Drawn by Arthur D, Cushman, Entomology Research Branch, U. S. Department of Agriculture. oblique vein; coloration of a very pale, almost transparent yellow, with a few brown spots in the anal field, at extremity of the chords and quite at apex of the elytron; lateral field transparent with two veins. Wings long, grayish. Length of body 6.5 mm.; length with wings 11.5 mm.; elytra 5.5 mm.; posterior femur 5.2 mm. Remarks: This species is remarkable by a rather narrow shape and a very pale general coloration with a well marked pattern on the head and elytra. The genitalia are almost similar to those of A. perumana. CRICKETS—-CHOPARD 263 Figure 3.—Male genitalia (unless otherwise noted) of: a, Acheta fulvastra, new species; b, Pteronemobius schunket, new species; c, P. cubensis Saussure} d, Prosthacusta amplipennts, new species: ¢, Acla reticulata, new species: f, 4. vicina, new species (inferior part); g, Anaxipha peruviana Saussure; h, A. conspersa Bruner; 1, 4. maxima Bruner; j, A. soror, new species; k, 4. infirmenotata, new species; |, A. smithi Saussure; m-p, oblique vein, diagonal vein, and anterior part of the mirror of: m, Anaxipha soror, new species; n, A. maxima Bruner; 0, A. infirmenotata, new species; p, 4. conspersa Bruner. 264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Anaxipha soror, new species FIGurRE 3,7,m Houotyrer: Male; Tingo Marfa, Pert, Feb. 11, 1950, in jungle, Allard (USNM 62029). Matz: A large species, of the conspersa-mazima group; coloration uniformly dark testaceous. Head a little wider than pronotum in front, feebly flattened above. Eyes rounded. Antennae broken, the basal joints yellowish. Palpi testaceous; 4th joint of maxillary palpi shorter than 3d, 5th triangular, brown, feebly obliquely truncated at apex. Pronotum transverse, rather strongly narrowing in front, provided with long bristles; lateral lobes yellowish with straight inferior margin, much-rounded anterior angle. Legs relatively short, very pubescent. Anterior and median femora adorned with a brown ring before the apex; anterior tibiae moderately swollen at base perforated with two large, oval tympana. Posterior femora rather strongly dilated at base, without filiform apical part; tibiae spotted with brown at base of the spines; apical spurs strongly pubescent, the two large internal ones relatively short and thick. Elytra extending a little farther than the abdominal extremity; mirror large (2.63.2 mm.); diagonal vein regularly bisinuated; lateral field with three veins; space between the Sc and the first vein very wide, regularly divided by vertical veinlets. Wings very long. Length of body 6.8 mm.; length with wings 11 mm.; posterior femur 5.5 mm.; elytra 6.0 mm. Anaxipha infirmenctata, new species Ficure& 3,k,o Hotoryre: Male; Tingo Marfa, February 1950, Allard (USNM 62070), Description: Very close to the preceding. Head rather strongly darkened above; 4th joint of the maxillary palpi almost equal to the 3d, 5th very large and chiefly very wide at apex, which is straightly truncated. Pronotum rather strongly narrowing in front; middle of the disk adorned with a large, brown, irregular spot; lateral lobes yellow with a few small brown spots. Anterior and median legs a little longer than in the preceding species; femora adorned with a Ficure 4.—Male genitalia (unless otherwise noted) of: a, Anaxipha stolzmanni Bolivar; b, A. allardi, new species, viewed from above; c, same, inferior side; d, 4. nigripennis, new species; ¢, 4. nigerrima, new species; f, A. schunket, new species; g, Metioche boliviana, new species; h, M. peruviana, new species; i, maxillary palpus of M. perustana; j, maxillary palpus of M. boliviana; k, Rhicnogryllus annulipes, new species; /, Eneopterotdes flavifrons , new species; m, Diatrypa pallidilabris Chopard; , D. allardi, new species; 0, D. latipennis , new species; p, D. schunkei, new species. 265 CRICKETS—-CHOPARD Ficure 4.—For explanation see facing page. 266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vO. 106 brown ring a little before the apex; anterior tibiae strongly enlarged at base to the middle; auditory foramina very large, spotted with brown above. Posterior legs wanting. Elytra extending beyond the apex of abdomen; coloration of a dark amber with a few weak brown spots on the chords and at apex; mirror very large, 1} times as long as wide; diagonal vein thickened and strongly curved at base, feebly convex after; the chord along the internal margin of the elytron very thick. Wings very long, brownish. Length of body 7.5 mm.; length with wings 14.5 mm.; elytra 8.0 mm. The five species of the group conspersa-maxima are close and may be distinguished by the following key: 1. Diagonal vein curved at base only, very close and almost parallel to the ODA -VieIn s5 1s Guryst ctacy Pay tetas ot, ta) cis Noa felonies a See tat ae ate ruficeps Diagonal vein Bigimiatode noe ne all parallel ‘iB the oblique vein ..... 2 2. Mirror nearly as wide as long; diagonal vein very distant from the oblique vein; posterior femora strongly spotted with brown . . . . . . comspersa Mirror longer than wide by a quarter; diagonal vein not so distant from the ODNGUEZ Vel SaeoN wnt “Aas siete se ts nats) Bee thc eee cus a komne ote 3 3. Last joint of maxillary palpi strongly enlarged at top. ....... ot he Last joint of maxillary palpi not so wide at apex; diagonal vein quite regularly bisinuated ..... o) geri? isy 6 Dromeer = sme, ve uc Gedes Pq oe OLOL 4. Diagonal vein strongly carved ar ak er ee eres it Sate Diagonal vein very feebly curved. . ....... . . . infirmenotata Anaxipha smithi (Saussure) FIauRE 3,l Cyrtoziphus smithi Saussure, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Orthoptera, vol. 1, p. 236, 1897. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Boutrvia: Blanca Flor, January 1922 (1%), Mann; Cachuela, March 1922 (1c’), Mann; Rurrenabaque, January 1922 (lo), Mann. Pert: Pucallpa, Feb. 3, 1948 (19), Mar. 2, 1948 (27%, 229), Schunke; Tingo Maria, November 1949 (1c), Allard. Anaxipha stolzmanni (Bolivar) FIGURE 4,a Cyrtoxiphus stolemanni Bolivar, Anal. Soc. Espafiola Hist. Nat., vol. 10, p. 475, 1881. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bo.ivia: Blanca Flor, January 1922 (10%), Mann. Pert: Chanchamayo, Apr. 29, 1948 (1c), May 5, 1948 (107), Schunke; Pucallpa, Oct. 17, 1947 (19), Schunke; Tingo Maria, Novem- ber 1949 (16, 299), December 1949 (19), February 1950 (19), Allard. Anaxipha championi (Saussure) Cyrtoziphus championi Saussure, in Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali- Americana, vol. 1, p. 236, pl. 11, fig. 41, 1897. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Boxivia: Tumupasa, December 1921 (1%), Mann. EEE Figure 5.—Male genitalia (unless otherwise noted) ‘of : a, Amblyrhetus nodtifer, new species, upper figure as seen from above, lower figure as seen from beneath; Jb, extremity of ovipositor of Amblyrhetus nodifer, new species, left figure as seen from above, right figure as seen from beneath; c, Aphonomorphus telskit Saussure, viewed from above; d, same, inferior part; ¢, same, side view; f, A. stipatus, new species; g, A. soctus, new species; h, S. disstmilis, new species; 1, 4. obscurus, new species; 7, extremity of ovipositor of A. obscurus, new species; k, A. deceptor, new species; 1, m, A. schunkei, new species n, A, allardi, new species. 268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 106 Anaxipha gracilis (Scudder) Trigonidvum gracile Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, p. 331, 1869. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: PERU: Pucallpa, 1948 (19), Schunke. Anaxipha annulipes Hebard Anazipha annulipes Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 76, p. 233, pl. 10, fig. 17, 1924. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pert: Tingo Maria, December 1949 (19), Allard. Anaxipha allardi, new species Fiaure 4,b,c Typrs: Holotype: Male; Tingo Maria, Peri, November 1949, Allard (USNM 62071). Allotype: Tingo Maria, Peri, December 1949, Allard (9) (USNM). Description: Small, yellow varied with light brown drawings. Head short, convex, adorned with a wide brown band which is divided by a fine longitudinal yellow line, and a narrower brown band behind each eye; frontal rostrum provided with two rows of five or six long bristles. Face scarcely longer than wide, yellow adorned with two brown spots along the internal margin of the antennal sockets which are separated only by a narrow yellow band; in the middle these spots are yellow; beneath each eye there is a brown band extending a little on the side of the clypeus; the center of the latter is spotted with brown. Eyes rounded, rather strongly projecting; ocelli small, the anterior one a little before the extremity of the rostrum. Antennae light brownish. Palpi yellow; 4th joint of the maxillary palpi shorter than 3d, 5th widely triangular, straightly truncated at apex. Pronotum transverse, very feebly narrowing in front, with anterior and posterior margin straight; disk feebly convex, faintly pubescent; general coloration brown with a narrow yellow line in the middle and two wide bands of the same color on the sides; anterior and posterior margins narrowly yellow with a series of small brown spots; lateral lobes yellow with small brown spots. Legs yellow, spotted with light brown, pubescent. Anterior and median femora with a weak brown Ficure 6.—a-d, Male genitalia of Aphonomorphus adjunctus, new species: a, as seen from above, holotype; 6, same, paratype; c, inferior part, holotype; d, side view, holotype. ¢, Extremity of ovipositor of A. adjunctus, new species. f-1, Reticulation of middle of elytron in: f, Euaphonus peruvianus Saussure, g, Aphonomorphus stipatus, new species; h, A. schunkei, new species; i, A. adjunctus, new species. 7, Genitalia of male Euaphonus peruvianus Saussure from Chanchamayo; k, extremity of E. peruvianus from Pucallpa; l, genitalia of male Paraphonus vicinus, new species; m, male Rhipipteryx difformipes, new species, abdominal extremity; 7, same, median leg; 0, Rhipipteryx vicinus, new species, abdominal extremity of male; p, Rhipipteryx femoratus, new species, anterior leg; g, same, abdominal extremity of male; r, R. schunkei, new species, abdominal extremity of male. 269 CRICKETS—-CHOPARD 270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 ring near the apex; anterior tibiae perforated with two foramina in the female (macropterous condition), without these tympana in the male (micropterous). Posterior femora relatively short and thick, adorned on the external face with a longitudinal brown band along the inferior margin and numerous oblique bands of the same color, more or less anatomosed. Spines of the posterior tibiae long, spotted with brown at base and at apex. Mate: Abdomen blackish beneath; subgenital plate with posterior margin narrowly yellow, presenting a slight median projection. Elytra extending a little beyond the abdominal extremity, yellowish, translucent; mirror very large, 1% times as long as wide, with anterior angle strongly acute, the widest part much beneath the middle; diag- onal vein very short, sinuated; lateral field nearly transparent, with three veins. No wings. Frema.e: Elytra very pale yellow, translucent; the part of the left elytron which is covered by the right one is smooth, completely transparent; dorsal field with four rather strong, almost longitudinal veins, which are separated by feebly marked false vein; transverse veinlets rather numerous, strong, forming large, rectangular, rather regular areolae. Wings lengthily caudate. Abdomen yellowish. Ovipositor rather short, wide, with apical valves smooth, occupying almost half the total length. Dimensions (in millimeters): Length of body 5.0; length with wings, 2 9.5; posterior femur, 4.2; elytra, o 3.7, 9 3.5; ovipositor, 2.2. Remarks: A small species well characterized by its relatively short shape, its thick posterior femora, its coloration pale with well marked light brown drawings. Anaxipha latefasciata, new species Houotyre: Female; Rosario, Lake Rogagua, Bolivia, Oct. 28—Nov. 9, 1921, Mann (USNM 62072). FEMALE: Small, yellow with a wide brown band extending from the head to the extremity of the elytra. Head short, flattened, brown above; face longer than wide, yellow. Eyes feebly lengthened longi- tudinally. Antennae and palpi yellow; 1st joint of antennae spotted with brown on the internal face; 4th joint of maxillary palpi much shorter than 3d, 5th short and wide, triangular, straightly truncated at apex. Pronotum feebly narrowing in front, with anterior margin convex, posterior margin straight; disk rather strongly convex, furrowed in the middle, feebly pubescent, shining; all the median part is occupied by the longitudinal brown band; lateral lobes yellow, with straight inferior margin, rounded anterior angle. Abdomen brown above, CRICKETS—-CHOPARD 271 yellow beneath. Ovipositor rather long; apical valves occupying half the total length, very finely denticulated. Legs yellow. Anterior tibiae perforated with two oval tympana. Elytra extending to the apex of abdomen, yellow shining with the wide brown band which extends on the whole length, with veins widely separated and somewhat projecting; dorsal field with four diverging veins, the internal rather joining the 2d; transverse veinlets very few, forming a few irregular, large cells; lateral field with four veins, one of which is incomplete. Wings yellowish, caudate. Length of body 4.2 mm.; length with wings 8 mm.; posterior femur 3.5 mm.; elytra 3 mm.; ovipositor 1.6 mm. Remarks: This species presents a rather irregular elytral venation as.in the species of the nitida group; the coloration is characteristic. The shape of the eyes and palpi is somewhat cyrtoxiphoid. Anaxipha nigripennis, new species Ficure 4,d Hototyrse: Male; Chanchamayo, Department of Junin, Pert, elevation 1,200 meters, Apr. 29, 1948, Schunke (USNM 62073). Maus: Wholly blackish with yellow legs. Head dark brown, feebly flattened above; face black, shining. Eyes rounded, projecting, scarcely lengthened dorsoventrally. Antennae yellow with two first joints blackish. Palpi yellow; last joint of maxillary palpi moderately widened at apex, darkened. Pronotum very wide and strongly narrowing in front, furrowed in the middle; lateral lobes with straight inferior margin, much-rounded anterior angle. Abdomen blackish; subgenital plate feebly truncated at apex. Anterior legs wanting. Median legs yellow with a few small rufous brown spots towards the apex of femora and on the tibiae. Posterior femora rather thick, presenting fairly numerous small brown spots; spines and apical spurs of the tibiae brown, the spurs rather short; metatarsi yellow with brown extremity; 2d joint brown. Elytra blackish brown; mirror large, as wide as long, the internal margin regularly rounded; diagonal vein very weakly sinuated, very close to the oblique vein towards the apex; lateral field blackish with three veins, the first of which is strongly diverging from the Sc; the space between these two veins is divided by six straight veinlets. No wings. Length of body 6.8 mm.; posterior femur 5.0 mm.; elytra 4.8 mm. Remarks: This species is close to platyptera Hebard; the general shape is a little less wide and the posterior femora have no brown band in the middle. 272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Anaxipha nigerrima, new species Fiaurss 2,a, 4,e Typrs: Holotype: Female; Fundo Sinchono, about 40 miles south- west of Pucallpa, Rio Ucuyali, Pert, Aug. 14, 1947, Schunke (USNM 62074). Allotype: Same locality as holotype, Aug. 29, 1947, Schunke (1) (USNM). Paratypes: Same locality as holotype, Sept. 5, 1947, Schunke (167); Divisoria, elevation 1,600 meters, about 80 miles southwest of Pucallpa, Rio Ucuyali, Pert, 1947, Schunke (19); Tingo Maria, Peri, December 1949, Allard (1<”7) (USNM). Frmate: Blackish, shining with yellowish legs, the posterior femora adorned in the middle with a blackish brown ring. Head blackish brown, shining, almost glabrous; vertex sloping, flattened. Face brown. Eyes projecting, rounded. Antennae yellow with blackish two first joints. Palpi blackish; 4th joint of maxillary palpi much shorter than 3d, 5th scarcely equal to the 3d, triangular. Pronotum blackish with a fine whitish pubescence and some long black bristles, chiefly along the anterior margin; general shape rather neatly narrowing in front; anterior margin rather convex, posterior margin feebly sinuated; disk rather strongly convex, feebly furrowed in the middle; lateral lobes with straight inferior margin, much- rounded anterior angle. Abdomen dark brown. Ovipositor rather short, with apical valves equaling almost half the total length, very finely denticulated. Cerci brownish with yellow base. Legs rather long. Anterior femora yellowish with a fine black pubescence, feebly darkened at apex; tibiae blackish, with strongly widened basal half; auditory foramina large, chiefly the internal; tarsi blackish, the metatarsus very long, the 3d joint very short. Median femora like the anterior ones; tibiae not so strongly darkened. Posterior femora long, rather narrow, yellowish, with a rather wide blackish ring in the middle; tibiae yellowish, darkened at top, with rather short grayish spines; apical spurs short, dark gray, the superointernal wide, acute at apex, extending only to the middle of the metatarsus; the latter is long, grayish with yellowish base. Elytra as long as abdomen, rather narrow, wholly of a shiming black; veins of the dorsal field rather projecting, oblique, widely separated, plain, uniting at apex, except the Cu which is furcate near the extremity; transverse veinlets very distant; lateral field black, with three plain, parallel veins.“*Wings caudate; anterior field blackish with white apex. Length of body 6.8 mm.; length with wings 12.0 mm.; posterior femur 5.1 mm.; elytra 5.0 mm.; ovipositor 2.0 mm. Mate (allotype): Head, pronotum, and legs as in the female, Elytra with parallel margins; mirror large and wide, 1% times as long CRICKETS—CHOPARD 273 as wide; chords long, parallel, nearly straight; diagonal vein rather short, convex, very close to the oblique vein towards the apex. Length of body 7.0 mm.; length with wings 12.5 mm.; posterior femur 5.5 mm.; elytra 6.0 mm. This species is close to A. nitida Chopard, from French Guiana; it is larger, without any trace of the whitish spot which exists towards the middle of the elytra, the elytral venation is a little more regular. It also differs from annulipes Hebard by the absence of a second brown ring on the posterior femora and by the wings, which are whitish at top. Anaxipha schunkei, new species Fie@ure 4,f HouotyrPe: Male; Fundo Sinchono, about 40 miles southwest of Pucallpa, Rio Ucuyali, Peri, Aug. 27, 1947, Schunke (USNM 62075). Mate: Dark testaceous with a few feeble light brown spots on the legs and elytra. Head rufous, a little flattened above; frontal rostrum as wide as the 1st joint of antennae, a little rounded at top. Face as long as wide, testaceous, smooth. Eyes slightly lengthened antero- posteriorly; ocelli very small, the anterior one placed a little before the extremity of the rostrum. Antennae yellow with small light brown rings. Palpi yellowish; 5th joint of the maxillary palpi large, triangular, somewhat darkened at apex, which is straightly truncated. Pronotum rufous, slightly narrowing in front; disk feebly convex, furrowed in the middle; lateral lobes concolorous, with convex inferior margin, much-rounded anterior angle. Abdomen testaceous. Geni- talia somewhat asymetric, forming two very long horns. Legs rather long, yellowish covered with a fine brown pubescence. Anterior and median femora very narrowly darkened at apex and adorned a little before with a small brown ring; anterior tibiae very feebly dilated at base, presenting on the external face a rather small oval tympanum; superior face adorned with a small brown spot at base and another a little larger about the anterior third; apex armed with two inferior spurs; apex of the metatarsus and second joint of the tarsus brown. Median legs similar to the anterior ones. Pos- terior femora moderately swollen, adorned with three feebly marked brown bands, one a little before the middle, the second about the apical fourth, the third at apex. Posterior tibiae and extremity of the legs in very bad state. Elytra large, extending a little beyond the abdominal extremity; their color is amber yellow, adorned with brownish spots in the anterior angle of the mirror, on the chords, near the posterior margin, and towards the middle of the cubital vein; mirror very large, nearly as long as wide; diagonal vein short, sinuated. No wings. 376166—56——3 274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Length of body 5.0 mm.; posterior femur 5.0 mm.; elytra 4.2 mm. Remarks: This species belongs to the simulacrum type; the anterior tibiae being very feebly dilated and the eyes almost cyrtoxiphoid. The shape of the genitalia is very peculiar. Genus Phylloscyrtus Guerin, 1844 Phylloscyrtus cicindeloides Gerstaecker Phylloscyrtus cicindeloides Gerstaecker, Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. 24, p. 428, 1863. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Braziu: Mandfos (1<7), Merrill. Phylloscyrtus elegans Guerin Phylloscyrtus elegans Guerin, Iconographie du régne animal de G. Cuvier . p. 333, 1844. “oy SPECIMENS EXAMINED: PERU: Tingo Maria, December 1949 (299), Allard. Genus Metioche Stal, 1877 Metioche boliviana, new species Ficures 2,b, 4,9,7 Types: Holotype: Male; Blanca Flor, Rio Beni, Bolivia, Mann (USNM 62076). Allotype: Rurrenabaque, Rio Beni, Bolivia, No- vember 1921, Mann (9) (USNM). Maus: Rather dark brownish, feebly pubescent. Head a little wider than pronotum in front, without any ornament; vertex sloping; frontal rostrum as wide as Ist antennal joint. Face a little longer than wide, brown, smooth. Eyes rather strongly projecting, rounded. Antennae and palpi brown. Pronotum with straight anterior and posterior margins, nearly parallel sides; disk convex, furrowed in the middle, presenting a fine whitish pubescence and long bristles on the sides; lateral lobes of the same color as the disk. Abdomen brownish, pubescent; subgenital plate narrowing a little posteriorly. Genitalia short, in the shape of a very plain tong. Legs of a dirty yellow; anterior and median femora with a feebly marked brown ring before the apex; posterior femora without any ornament; anterior tibiae perforated with two foramina. Posterior tibiae somewhat darkened with rather long spines; superointernal apical spur longer than half the metatarsus. Elytra long and narrow, with parallel and rather regularly spaced longitudinal veins; Cu furcate near the apex; transverse veinlets rather regular, scarce; lateral field darker than the dorsal field, presenting three regularly spaced veins. Wings rather long, brown. Length of body 5.7 mm.; length with wings 8.5 mm.; posterior femur 4.5 mm.; elytra 4.2 mm. CRICKETS—CHOPARD 275 Fremae: Almost similar to the male. Maxillary palpi yellowish, with 4th joint a little shorter than the 3d, 5th long, triangular. Elytral venation similar to the male but the veins a little less straight, curved at base and at apex, Cu more neatly furcate. Ovipositor short and wide, the apical valves occupying half the total length. Length of body 5.4 mm.; length with wings 8.7 mm.; posterior femur 4.5 mm.; elytra 4.2 mm.; ovipositor 2 mm. Metioche peruviana, new species Ficure 4,h,7 Horotype: Male; Tingo Maria, Pert, February 1950, Allard (USNM 62077). Mate: Very close to the preceding. Differing from it in the longer legs, the 5th joint of maxillary palpi shorter and wider and the shape of genitalia (fig. 4,7). The elytral venation is quite similar to that of the female of boliviana. Length of body 5.7 mm.; length with wings 9.5 mm.; posterior femur 5 mm.; elytra 4.5 mm. Genus Rhicnogryllus Chopard, 1925 Rhicnogryllus annulipes, new species Ficures 1,b, 4,k Houtotyrr: Male; Tingo Maria, Pert, February 1950, Allard (USNM 62078). Mate: Light testaceous, varied with brown. Head a little wider than pronotum, feebly flattened above, adorned with four weak brown bands; frontal rostrum as wide as 1st antennal joint. Face triangular, as long as wide, rufous, smooth. Eyes rather strongly projecting, feebly lengthened dorsoventrally; ocelli very small. Antennae yellowish with small brown rings. Palpi yellowish, feebly darkened at apex; 4th joint of maxillary palpi shorter than 3d, 5th in the shape of a long triangle, moderately widened at apex which is straightly truncated. Pronotum with parallel sides, anterior margin very feebly convex, bordered with long bristles; posterior margin straight; disk feebly convex, furrowed in the middle, testaceous with two brownish spots near the posterior margin; lateral lobes with straight inferior margin, adorned with a wide longitudinal brown band; surface covered with a rather abundant whitish pubescence and a few long bristles on the sides. Abdomen brownish above, yellow beneath. Cerci yellow. Legs rather long, yellowish with brown rings. Anterior and median tibiae with a brown ring a little before the apex; tibiae with two brown rings, the anterior ones nonperforated, not at all dilated at base; extremity of the metatarsus and 2d tarsal joint brown. Posterior 276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 femora rather thick, yellowish adorned with a wide brown ring towards the middle and another one quite near the apex; tibiae with three brown rings; tibial spines brown; external apical spurs yellow, internal spurs Bowie metatarsi long, yellow with brown top, 2d joint brown. Elytra extending almost to the apex of abdomen, testaceous with brown extremity ; - dorsal field presenting six quite straight, parallel projecting veins; transverse veinlets very few; lateral field with four regularly distant veins. No wings. Length of body 5 mm.; posterior femur 4.6 mm.; elytra 2.7 mm. Remarks: This is the e st species of the genus Rhienogr yllus found in America. Family ENEOPTERIDAE Key to the American genera 1, Apical spurs of the posterior tibiae long, the median longer than the other two either side (Eneopterinae group). . . REE O42 Externoapical spurs of the posterior tibiae very shorts Siaiced canine in length; internal spurs very different in length, the superior the longest (Podoscir- fenae Croup) < -. 04 PMs aie mee es Sere sa lee eo) ey, Scere 5 2. Posterior metatansus; long, . wise tene neat del coreoty: oo ee Posterior metatarsus short. . .. . ines 3. Posterior femora very long; elytra epronciinn beyond ‘the aa of abdomen. Eneoptera Burmeister Posterior femora rather short; elytra extending only to the apex of abdomen. Ponca Hebard 4. Frontal rostrum three times as wide as the first antennal joint; elytra of male a little shorter than abdomen, with a perfect mirror . Ligypterus Saussure Frontal rostrum scarcely wider than the first antennal joint; male elytra without mirror. .. . . .. . . Eneopteroides, new genus 5. Posterior tibiae armed win strong spines but without denticles at base or before the spines. .. . ... . . .Stenogryllus Saussure Posterior tibiae armed with Eanes a denticles. ... Til +, Telaes0 6. Posterior tibiae armed with two or three spines towards fhe apex. Chremon Rehn Posterior tibiae armed with five or six spines occupying more than the distal Halfs tie @: rn ae age 7. Body strongly alone ties astenta: Pchatarecr fone matte ino rows Sat denticles (anterior tibiae nonperforated; elytra of male small, without tympana). Cylindrogryllus Saussure General shape variable but not so pore? posterior metatarsus rather SHOlt 4: cure yer WAEY 2 )e TEPC o, OOEeS 8. Elytra of the male mroided Ww rin HAMILTON? Hea IES oe teste RA c ate 9 Elytral venation similar in both sexes. . . . ES TOY APOE: “18 9. Head globular; vertex short, without rostrum, Letaswereely eines (anterior tibiae perforated either side)... .....-. Phylogryllus Saussure Head with a prominent rostrum between the antennae. . ..... - 10 10. Head vertical; mouth directed downwards. . . . Si peak OS te Head horizontal; mouth directed forwards @iaterior fiBiae perforated on the external face) . lolol .00 G0. 82. .1arie 2 ahetetrypas! Saussure 11. 12. 13. 14. 16. i 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 26. CRICKETS—-CHOPARD 260 Elytra of the male with several oblique veins... . esl ee eke Elytra of the male with one or two oblique veins, froten’ in the shape of Shr NP oti ohne ens B atfis vara tO, Oblique veins harallels BAGEAIOE tibiae neridratedta on both Paes i he DS Oblique veins flexuous, nonparallel .... . 5 6, Bene TA Elytra of the male almost without apical field (female apteTOUn, with very short ovipositor, without apical valves). . . . . . Hapithoides Hebard Elytra of the male with well-developed apical field . . . Diatrypa Saussure Body very long and slender. Ovipositor without apical valves. Wings much longer than the elytra; tibiae perforated on both faces. Stenoecanthus Chopard Body moderately lengthened. Ovipositor flattened with distinct apical valves. Wings slightly longer than the elytra. Oblique veins of the male united at base by a corneous callus ... . oS. venkat vist Balt BLO . Frontal rostrum narrow; body cylindrical; eles) of raeie coith numerous oblique veins ........... ... . . Paroecanthus Saussure Frontalrostrum wide. ... . ... . . . Amblyrhetus Kirby Anterior tibiae perforated on bole fee ... . . . . Orocharis Uhler Anterior tibiae perforated on the internal face only ......... 17 Surface of the body smooth and shining; ocelli placed on a transverse line. Hapithus Uhler Surface of the body, head, and legs wrinkled and strongly pubescent; ocelli disposed as a triangle; median femora and tibiae strongly compressed. seas Walker Anterior tibiae perforated on one face at least .... . ees) ee LD Antériortibiae without foramina. i). hee jus ae Sse! dita ior G-1 atv oF Jigen ie : al cnecotnl anneal ne oadottl (Ltr iver win vista up pce ee ee ee Baie) Peatgcel yO) wails wm haat Maan ln DCN Bete Ue) gy, (eb oA ved ae nap rped iat ta PRL alyattad oo 4 in a MOGs wan AinagaoAll eley BL ae 0 epg. AD: © ioe id han a1 Sut AROL rei ss @eear' . 24 3 onal ote Mh afr: “ tx0)) uA ri veoh Siutey etion BS bit Ant afi a abilfy we pt a “ au , Ristt af Ar 4 ty ites ; , Pos 2 A ST pees iggwaek ty Agate He) ai) Ws Subolyegd agt oF ek nilitiaes A yee ‘ ve oe ma ches re ron PuPagh a en pet Juv hee Ay ae i ; : atts Ji ivy k'105 wal}! uil§ wey «fy it vital ong Ht me ve eae rel A BTU SHEE ow Gh’ eblg leit’ jie AA Dak. ove © ite s sara. of ae liegt miedMee Soar bes fiesicune ‘En 28(Ql 9] goC=tal bh ect) Lt do pts uieens bie “cl Jdlekah yoda hare wat gir etal 5 ar tf) NOS A nt) ,cBERE : & | alt JOR-P 0.40 witals bali 12 set atk deh ood out ia bruh ob'lxeais te 3 mL wep ly Sidete ebiguelt AKA book C00) Bictigts _ =, StF messel ct, ae] a SOM) ansicoilint)) © olongallt riage we ao to aces Wan EOE aT Sia" 2 in7,ca oy: 4 ja eed pa A Beh TL ‘ . a rd swt! zs ouiakt ai fi pe sd te 4D att asodiats) : ange qo te Query ivi } Migherg Ws gut pgeuntn mphdgee t tarahenh ek nid wba apts ireh fopats oe elas it p20 pis, hag iat 7 oe is ; vee Lam lake} seed La. : LCL Vide. wes, y o gubil et! OMS saps Jintao oeRygd9,, rogre NM ai Tel: al | on Nibad SNe, SBR cb Spon BM deste anette elas Ho oe fk: d) mg, AF Fe yp hEAtOT GORI pi OK ay 8h. ; Uietl in OX (Khe we ia. JOP ty ‘ts 18 i fesdabide norAdellor tmnt «fechodal: phe er Ps &, Fil sere 2 \,: ‘samball ae WE i oar dL alg we at uty, fd lov jetted ' ' 4 r. 7 Wad of 1a BMAOUTY aR ag ce ti ot qniteinfisces (ene alo Lagan ‘odd ana. Les tspllog ‘satlaral HSA f on Sh doy, cule. ie44 U @ ovate Tle) ig sepia, Tiss > pat ; ; 6 aly i aah ¢ & Qt 4 oe woARDers a Paley 2070% aren'S, 11, ss OT gL Qed poorest ak, Avgiyxtoniail:- i OOL out 888 68S Gagid Olt wag * : ‘@ Sti ottew Buin .y ranAree® * 2 ee nee . ' 7 eo re? PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 106 Washington: 1956 No. 3367 THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF TRIGONALID WASPS By Henry Townes! The Trigonalidae is a small family of Hymenoptera, of which only four species belonging to four genera are known in the Nearctic Region. All of them are parasites, usually secondary parasites, and their hosts include Vespidae, Pergidae, and dipterous and hymenopterous para- sites of caterpillars. Adult trigonalids look somewhat like medium-sized sawflies or wasps. The relationships of the family appear to be with the Aculeata and it fits best in the Chrysidoidea (including the Bethyloidea), but it is aberrant wherever placed and the natural relationships of the families of Apocrita will have to receive a general study before the proper position of this family can be stated with confidence. Characters by which trigonalids may be distinguished from other families of Apocrita are: Flagellum with 14 to more than 20 segments; costal cell of fore- wing present; hindwing with distinct venation and two closed cells; anal lobe represented by a small vestige; and legs usually with two but sometimes with one trochanter each. Figure 1,a illustrates a typical member of the family. 1 Research Associate, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 295 296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Trigonalids have a peculiar life history which has been reviewed for several species by Clausen (Entomophagous insects, pp. 56-61, 1940). Their minute and very numerous eggs are laid at random on foliage and subsequently eaten by caterpillars or sawfly larvae. In the case of the species which are secondary parasites of caterpillars, the eggs hatch in the gut of the caterpillar and the trigonalid larva enters the body of the caterpillar to attack an ichneumonid, larvae- vorid, or other parasitic larva. Those species parasitizing social Vespidae presumably find their host when caterpillar prey containing trigonalid larvae are brought to the nest as food for the young. Individuals of the various species tend to vary considerably in size, an indication that they have a wide range of hosts. The species Lycogaster pullata has been reared as a parasite both of Hnicospilus americanus (Ichneumonidae) and of Rygchium rugosum (Vespidae), indicating an exceptionally versatile host adaptability. Most of the specimens studied are in the U. S. National Museum (USNM). The locations of specimens in other institutional collections are indicated (in parentheses) by the name of the city in which they are stored. Key to the Nearctic genera of Trigonalidae 1. Postscutellum roughly pyramidal, the apex bifid; legs of female each with a single trochanter . . . wave . . 4. Bareogonalos Postscutellum not pyramidal of noeaal stages noe Slevavede legs of female each with two trochanters.. © .o..s < « si <5 37) lange ts testes 2. Propodeal foramen bounded dorsally by a carina or aides thati is eae curved; second tergite not punctate; second sternite of female without a tooth. 1. Orthogonalys Propodeal foramen bounded dorsally by a carina or ridge that is sharply angled medially; second tergite punctate; second sternite of female with a strong medisn'apical tooth \< 4 \si}4 Gipacivre tatis Leie 3. Lycogaster Genus Orthogonalys Schulz Orthogonalys Schulz, Hymenopteren-Studien . . . p. 76, 1905. Type: Orthogon- alys bolivana Schulz. Monobasic. Orthogonalos Schulz, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 61, p. 8, 1907. Emendation. Tapinogonalos Schulz, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 61, p. 14, 1907. Type: Trygonalys pulchellus Cresson. Designated by Viereck, 1914. Noteworthy generic characters in addition to those in the key are: Flagellum long and slender, in the male without tyloids; abdomen smooth, impunctate; apical margin of second to fifth tergites often TRIGONALID WASPS—TOWNES 297 with a broad weak median notch; frons only weakly elevated next to the upper inner margin of the antennal foramen. There is a single Nearctic species, which is moderately common in the Eastern States. Orthogonalys pulchella (Cresson) Trigonalys pulchellus Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 6, p. 351, 1867. Type: Male, West Virginia (lost). Tapinogonalos pulchella Schulz, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 61, pl. 2, figs. 56-58 (colored), 1907. Mate: Forewing about 8 mm. long. Colored with black, pale yellow, and fulvous, to mimic the Tazonus pallidicornis—Cratichne- umon signatipes type of coloration. Head and mouthparts yellow, the occiput, vertex, and median part of frons black; vertex with a pair of yellow spots behind the ocelli; antenna black, its scape yellowish beneath and brownish above, its flagellum with a broad whitish post- median band; thorax blackish above with conspicuous yellow mark- ings, yellowish laterally with black bands along the sutures separating off the yellow areas, mostly yellowish below, the mesosternum mostly fulvous; wings hyaline; legs fulvous, the trochanters and much of the coxae pale yellow; abdomen fulvous with a pair of fuscous areas basally on the second tergite and often similar areas or transverse subbasal fuscous bands on several of the following tergites. FEMALE: Forewing about 8.5 mm. long. Colored like the male but with the yellow markings tending to be paler, almost white, the fuscous markings on the abdomen tending to be more as crossbands, and each of abdominal tergites 1 to 5 usually with a lateral white blotch. SPECIMENS: 27 oo’, 39 99 from: District of Columbia; New Jersey (Moorestown); Maine (Paris); Maryland (Bowie, Cabin John, Glen Echo, Lock Raven, Takoma Park, and Plummers Island); Massachusetts (Chester); New York (Farmingdale, Ithaca, Ludlow- ville, Niagara Falls, and Taughannock); Pennsylvania (Enola and Highspire); Rhode Island (Westerly); and Virginia (Alexandria, Dead Run, Falls Church, Great Falls, and Rosslyn). Males occur mostly in June and early July, their earliest and latest dates of capture being May 25 at Plummers Island, Md., and July 21 at Ithaca, N. Y. Females occur mostly from mid-June to mid- August. Their extreme dates are June 7 at Plummers Island, Md., and Aug. 23 at Niagara Falls, N. Y. This seasonal distribution indi- cates a single generation per year. There is a rearing record by Bischoff (Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 54, p. 76, 1909) from Zenillia lobeliae (Larvaevoridae), which was parasitic on Acronicta lobeliae (Noctuidae). 298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Females have been seen ovipositing on several occasions. Notes made on June 20, 1942, at Takoma Park, Md., are as follows: Two females were seen ovipositing in midafternoon. They were in rank undergrowth of damp woods, about 40 cm. above the ground. They ran over the leaves in the manner of a Macrophya, about every four seconds going quickly to the edge of a leaf and curling the abdomen over the edge to oviposit on the undersurface near the edge. This oviposition movement was very quick, being completed within a sec- ond. The eggs were distributed at random, one or more to a leaf. One female was ovipositing on Viburnum acerifolium and the other on a composite similar to Sericocarpus. On June 21 a third female was caught and confined in a jar with fresh leaves of Liqguidambar. On June 23 it was dead. Examination of the leaves showed 8 to 10 ex- tremely minute, elongate-oval eggs, presumably laid by this female, loosely attached to the leaves about 2 mm. from the edges. Remarks: This is a species of the Transitional Zone of the Eastern States. Adults are moderately common from early summer to mid- summer in damp rich woodlands, where they occur on the foliage at about the 35-centimeter level. They crawl over the foliage or take short flights. In size, coloration, and movements they mimic several of the species of sawflies and ichneumonids that are common in the same habitat. Genus Lycogaster Shuckard Lycogaster Shuckard, The Entomologist, vol. 1, p. 128, 1841. Type: Lycogaster pullata Shuckard. Monobasic. There is a single Nearctic species, which is divisible into two sub- species. Lycogaster pullata Shuckard Forewing of male about 6 mm. long, of female about 9 mm. long. This species is transcontinental in the Transition Zone. Frag- mentary evidence indicates that it occurs in more open and dry habitats than the other Nearctic trigonalids. It is represented by an eastern and a western subspecies, as indicated below. Key to the subspecies of Lycogaster pullata 1. Tibiae black, the middle tibia white basally and the front and hind tibiae white basally and externally; abdomen black, often with some white marks; range: Atlantic Coast west to 100th meridian. (a) pullata pullata Shuckard Tibiae pale yellow, the hind tibia often infuscate apically on the posterior side; abdomen black with broad pale yellow bands; range: Nevada, Colorado, North Dakota, and New Mexico. . . (b) pullata neyadensis (Cresson) TRIGONALID WASPS—TOWNES 299 (a) Lycogaster pullata pullata Shuckard Lycogaster pullatus Shuckard, The Entomologist, vol. 1, p. 124, 1841. Type: Female, North Carolina (destroyed). Lycogaster pullatus var. hollensis Melander and Brues, 1902. Biol. Bull., vol. 3, p. 36, 1902. Types: Male and female, Woods Hole, Mass. (location un- known). Lycogaster pullata Bischoff, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 54, pp. 76-77, 1909. Biology. Lycogaster pullata Schulz, Zool. Ann., Wurzburg, vol. 4, pp. 7-8, 1911. Biology. Lycogaster pullata Cooper, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 56, pp. 280-288, 1954. Biology. Matz: Black. Bases of tibiae, anteroexternal face of front tibia and usually also of hind tibia, most of basitarsi except apices, hind corner of pronotum, and usually lateroapical blotch on some or all of tergites 2 to 5 white; tegula brown; wings hyaline, their apical 0.4 faintly infuscate. Fremae: Colored like the male except that the white markings average a little more extensive. The specimen from Bottineau, N. Dak., noted below, has coloration intermediate to the subspecies nevadensis. SPECIMENS: 5 o'o', 20 99 from: District of Columbia; Maryland (Glen Echo); Massachusetts; Michigan (Midland County, Missaukee County, and Roscommon County); New York (Ithaca); North Carolina (valley of the Black Mountains) ; North Dakota (Bottineau) ; Rhode Island (Westerly); Vermont (Fairlee); and Virginia (Falls Church, Glencarlyn, and Upton). Dates of collection fall in June and July except for two collections in May and one in August (May 9 at Glencarlyn, Va.; May 19 in the District of Columbia; and August 25 at Bottineau, N. Dak.). One specimen bears the note that it was collected on Solidago and another on Ceanothus. A male specimen in the U. S. National Museum that was taken from a cocoon of Telea polyphemus in June 1944 by C. Brooke Worth has some manuscript notes associated with it which are of unusual interest. Mr. Worth states that the cocoon was collected at Washington, D. C., during the winter of 1944. Since it had not hatched and was very light, the cocoon was opened June 13, 1944. The trigonalid was within the polyphemus cocoon, which also contained a perforated parasite cocoon, presumably that of LHnicospilus americanus (Ichneumonidae). The ichneumonid cocoon contained some liquid and semiliquid material among which could be identified the apparent remains of an ichneumonid larva and its meconium. The trigonalid was between the walls of the moth cocoon and the ichneumonid cocoon, alive and active. Schulz (1911) reports rearing this species from a cocoon of Enicospilus americanus within a cocoon of Telea polyphemus, a situation similar to that noted 300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 by Mr. Worth. Also, Bischoff (1909) reports a rearing from Eni- cospilus americanus parasitizing Telea polyphemus. Cooper (1954) describes in detail a case of parasitism of Rygchium rugosum (Vespidae). J. C. Bridwell has informed me in conversation that he has seen the species ovipositing on oak sprouts in the vicinity of Washington, DAC: (b) Lycogaster pullata nevadensis (Cresson), new status Trigonalys nevadensis Cresson, Proc. Ent. Sec. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. vii, in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, 1879. Male and female. Type: Female, Nevada (Philadelphia). Lycogaster nevadensis Schulz, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 61, pl. 2, figs. 32-37 (colored), 1907. Mate: Black. Hind corner of pronotum, much of tegula, a bilobed spot on scutellum, apices of femora, tibiae, broad apical margins of ter- gites 1 to 4, broad apical margin or lateroapical triangle on sternite 1, and lateroapical corners of sternites 2 to 4 pale yellow; tarsi pale yellow, brownish apically; wings yellowish hyaline, their apical 0.4 faintly brownish; hind tibia sometimes with a brown apical mark on the posterior side. Fremaue: Colored like the male except that the yellow marks on the abdominal terga average a little broader, the hind tibia more fre- quently has the brown apical mark, and the lower front corner of the pronotum is narrowly marked with yellowish. SprcimeNns: Male, bred from Hyphantria cunea (probably as a sec- ondary parasite), Boulder, Colo., Sept. 29, 1937, R. B. Swain (USNM); 3 HA, 6 2%, bred from Hyphantria cunea (probably as a secondary parasite), Boulder, Colo., Oct. 17, 1937, R. B. Swain (USNM); 9, Colorado, C. F. Baker collection (USNM); o, Jemez Springs at 6,400 ft., N. Mex., June 24, 1916, John Woodgate (Ithaca); 9, Corvallis, Oreg., Apr. 28, 1941, H. A. Scullen (Corvallis); 0’, Martin, S. Dak., June 16, 1925, H. C. Severin (Cambridge). Genus Poecilogonalos Schulz Poecilogonalos Schulz, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fasc. 61, p. 9, 1907. Type: (Trigonalys pulchella Westwood) =thwaitesi Westwood. Monobasic. This is a rather large and widely distributed genus, but with only a single representative in the United States. Poecilogonalos costalis (Cresson) Fiaure 1 Trigonalys (Lycogaster) costalis Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 6, p. 352, 1867. Type: Male, Massachusetts (Philadelphia). Trigonalys sulcatus Davis, 1898. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 349, 1898. Type: Male, Angelsea, N. J. (Philadelphia). TRIGONALID WASPS—TOWNES 301 Mate: Forewing about 7 mm. long. Black. Front orbit, part of hind orbit, clypeus except apical margin and usually a median area, a spot above antennal socket, front face of mandible, anterior part, upper edge, and hind corner of pronotum, a line inside of notaulus, a narrow line on mesoscutum next the forewing, a mark on upper part of mesopleurum, a pair of large spots on scutellum, most of postscutel- lum, a pair of spots on propodeum, a yellow apical band on second tergite, narrower apical bands on most of the other tergites, large lateral apical dashes on second sternite, usually similar but smaller marks on some of the other sternites, and most of legs yellow; coxae, except apically, blackish; femora behind and often above brown; hind tibia apically brownish; flagellum tinged with fulvous beneath; wings hyaline, the front wing brown anteriorly, darkest in the radial cell. Frema.e: Forewing about 7.5 mm. long. Colored similar to the male but with the yellow marks a little more extensive. The apical tooth on the second sternite is deeply notched. SPECIMENS: 22 o'o’, 28 92 from Maryland (Cabin John, Plum- mers Island, and Takoma Park); Massachusetts (Falmouth); New York (Huntington, Ithaca, Taughanic, West Point, and Woodlands) ; North Carolina (Burnsville, Hamrick, Southern Pines, and valley of the Black Mountains); Ohio (Ross County and Scioto County); Pennsylvania (Castle Rock, Dauphin, Glenside, and Mount Holly Springs); South Carolina (Greenville); Virginia (Arlington, East Falls Church, Falls Church, Glencarlyn, Great Falls, Mount Vernon, Rosslyn, and Vienna); and West Virginia (Kanawha Station). Collection dates are mostly from June 25 through August 4, with no apprent trend towards protandry. Dates outside of this range are: June 10 in Scioto County, Ohio; June 15 at Plummers Island, Md.; August 19 at Hamrick, N. C.; August 30 and September 6 at Falls Church, Va.; and October 31 at Southern Pines, N.C. One male and two females were reared from Phosphila turbulenta (Noctuidae), prob- ably as a secondary parasite, at Falmouth, Mass., June 30, 1928, and July 11, 1928. One male was collected at honeydew on Liriodendron. Remarks: This species is seen in semishade of rich woods with abundant undergrowth, at the 20- to 40-centimeter level. In general appearance it resembles a robust sphecoid wasp but may be distin- guished in life by its slender, fast vibrating antennae. The oviposi- tion habits are generally similar to those described for Orthogonalys pulchella, but the females move more quickly and seem to scatter their eggs more widely. They take a little longer to place each egg and appear as if inserting them through the lower epidermis into the leaf tissue. In this action the heavy tooth on the apex of the second sternite appears to hold the upper edge of the leaf while the apex of 302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 108 the abdomen curls under and implants the egg with pressure against the tooth on the upper side of the leaf. In general, the species is widely distributed in the Transition Zone of the Eastern States. It occurs mostly in midsummer, in partially sunlit openings of rich woods. Ficure 1.—Poecilogonalos costalis: a, female, side view; b, head, facing view; c, abdomen of male, side view. TRIGONALID WASPS—TOWNES 303 Genus Bareogonalos Schulz Bareogonalos Schulz, Jn Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 61, p. 18, 1907. Type: Trigonalys canadensis Harrington. Monobasic. Nippogonalos Uchida, Ins. Mats., Sapporo, vol. 3, p. 79, 1929. Type: Nippo- gonalos jezoensis Uchida. Original designation, This genus is easily distinguished by its pyramidal postscutellum, bifid apically, and the 1-segmented trochanters of the female. The members of the genus are larger and more robust than the average trigonalid. Vespa and Vespula have been recorded as hosts. Through the generosity of Prof. T. Uchida I have been able to compare specimens of the Japanese species B. jezoensis with the American B. canadensis. They are rather closely related. The Japanese species has the scutellar elevation lower, thoracic sculpture a little coarser, and the coloration of the forewing different. In jezoensis the forewing is subhyaline with the apical 0.4 lightly infuscate ; in canadensis the forewing is yellowish hyaline with the radial cell rather strongly infuscate and the apical margin faintly, broadly infuscate. Bareogonalos canadensis (Harrington) Trigonalys canadensis Harrington, Canadian Ent., vol. 28, p. 108, 1896. Female misdetermined as male. Type: Female, Victoria, B. C. (lost). Trigonalys canadensis Taylor, Canadian Ent., vol. 30, pp. 14-15, 1898. Biology. Trigonalys canadensis Harrington, Canadian Ent., vol. 30, pp. 14-15, 1898. Description of male. Bareogonalos canadensis Schulz, in Wytsman, Genera insectorum, fase. 61, pl. 3, figs. 82-90 (colored), 1907. Mate: Forewing about 8.5 mm. long. Black. Hind corner of pronotum, postscutellum, lateral spot on propodeum, small marks on coxae, trochanters, bases and apices of femora, tibiae, tarsi and lateral triangular spots on tergites 2-6 (diminishing in size posteriorly) yellow; apical part of hind tibia tinged with brown; wings subhyaline, the radial cell and adjacent areas somewhat infuscate. Fema.e: Forewing about 11.5 mm. long. Colored like the male but with the yellow marks more extensive, the marks on tergites 2-6 broadened and fused into conspicuous transverse yellow bands, sternites 1 and 2 with yellow marks, scutellum mostly yellow, meso- scutum anteriorly with a yellow spot just inside the notaulus, a yellow spot just forward and laterad of the scutellum and of the postscutellum, and a small yellow spot on the mesopleurum. SPECIMENS: o', 2, British Columbia, October 21 and 25, 1897 (Townes); o&, British Columbia Biological Station, Departure Bay, British Columbia, Oct. 24, 1908 (Ottawa). In addition to these 304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 three, I have had the opportunity to study briefly a number of specimens at Ottawa. These showed considerable variation in the extent of the yellow markings. Harrington’s type was taken from the cell of a wasp (probably Vespula) and Taylor records collecting 23 oo and 499 near nests of Vespula pensylvanica. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956 : og PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 106 Washington: 1956 No. 3368 LATHETICOMYIA, A NEW GENUS OF ACALYPTRATE FLIES OF UNCERTAIN FAMILY RELATIONSHIP By Marsuaty R. WHEELER The new genus Latheticomyia, based upon three new species from the mountains of Arizona, Utah, and Nicaragua, presents such an unusual array of characters that its family relationship is quite ob- scure. At first glance the flies give one the impression of an aberrant Trigonometopus, but more careful study suggests the Clusiodidae (Clusiidae) or, perhaps, the Anthomyzidae. However, Latheticomyia differs from each of those families in many features that are generally considered critical in family distinctions. For the present it seems best to leave the matter of family relationship in abeyance, but I believe it will ultimately prove necessary to erect a new family for this genus. Latheticomyia tricolor and L. lineata were taken in the summer of 1951 at banana-baited trap cans set out to attract Drosophila, and all specimens were captured during late twilight. LZ. infumata is known from three specimens taken by William B. Heed in June 1954 while making collections of Drosophilidae in Nicaragua. The species are evidently quite rare; in all, we have just 17 specimens of the genus, and I have seen no specimens other than those taken by Mr. Heed and myself. 1 Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas. 386560—56 305 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Latheticomyia, new genus? Typr species: Latheticomyia tricolor, new species. Rather slender, medium-sized flies (2.5-4.0 mm.), mostly black with prominent yellow areas on head, mesonotum, scutellum, pleura, and legs. Heap: Postvertical bristles convergent, cruciate in infumata, less strongly converging in tricolor and lineata; inner and outer verticals strong, normal in position; occiput flat or a bit concave; ocelli on a small raised prominence, the ocellar bristles strong, proclinate and divergent, their bases within the ocellar triangle; front longitudinally depressed to sunken between the orbits, becoming deeper anteriorly ; each orbit with three reclinate orbitals, the anterior one close to an- tennal base; orbits, between antennae and anterior orbitals, rather thickly haired; mesofrons with small hairs, no bristles. Antennae somewhat porrect, both basal segments with evident hairs; arista weakly pubescent, inserted dorsally and subapically; face flat and retreating in profile, sunken in the middle, without foveae, and bearing small fine hairs on the upper part between an- tennae (see species descriptions for quantity and color); one pair of moderately strong vibrissae, the following oral hairs mostly small, the row ending with a prominent buccal bristle; palpi of normal size and shape. TuHorax: Five pairs of dorsocentral bristles of which three are clearly postsutural, one pair is at about the sutural level, and one pair is clearly presutural; prescutellar acrostichal bristles small or absent; acrostichal hairs present; scutellum small and flat, with small scattered hairs on the sides and the disc sparsely haired or bare; six large mar- ginal scutellar bristles, the apical pair largest and cruciate or nearly so. Other bristles are present as follows: 1 propleural (borne on the apex of a short peduncle), 1 humeral, 2 notopleural, 1 presutural (=posthumeral), 2 alar (apparently 1 supra-alar and 1 post-alar), 2 sternopleural; the mesopleura entirely bare. Leas: First femur with moderately stout bristles; third femur with a single enlarged bristle at about one-fourth from apex (strongest on tricolor); tibiae without evident preapicals, a moderately strong apical on 2d tibia, a weaker one on 3d tibia. In males of tricolor the first metatarsus bears an apical thumblike projection on its inner side, absent on females. Wines: Venation of the general acalyptrate type; costa reaching 4th vein; costa broken or weakened just beyond humeral crossvein (not always easily seen), and a definite costal incision just before apex of first vein; subcostal (auxiliary) vein strong basally, weaker 2 Latheticomyia: constructed from the Greek latheticos (addicted to concealment, that easily conceals itself)-+myia (a fly); the name is feminine. NEW ACALYPTRATE FLIES—-WHEELER 307 apically, bending toward and fusing with the first vein before its apex, the latter somewhat thickened at its union with the costa. Anal cell well developed, the anal vein ceasing abruptly before reaching the wing margin; last section of fifth vein usually failing to reach wing margin, its length a little more than half that of the posterior cross- vein. A crossvein between the 2d basal and discal cells absent or only partially indicated as a stub. Wings clear hyaline in tricolor and lineata, blackish in infumata. AxspoMEN: Male genitalia large and complex, bent back beneath abdomen (see figures). Female abdomen long and slender, tapering at apex but not clearly telescoped. Remarks: The immature stages, food, breeding habits, etc., are unknown. Latheticomyia tricolor, new species Figures l,a~—c; 2,a,b Figure 1,a shows the general appearance of the male, without color pattern, while figures 2,a,5 represent the color patterns seen from the side and from above. Mats: Face and cheeks pale yellowish white, proboscis, palpi, and clypeus yellow; face with a median furrow from antennae to clypeus, bounded by a semiprominent ridge on each side, with smaller de- pressed areas lateral to these; upper face, below and between antennal bases, with 0-2 small dark hairs and a few pale ones. Antennae mostly brown on outer side, but yellow on lower apical edge and mostly yellow on the inside except on upper margin and at apex; both inner and outer margins of 2d segment rounded, not pointed; 3d antennal segment subquadrate in shape, thickly covered with fine hair. Anterior orbital two-thirds length of second and one-half length of third, the latter reclinate and inclined a bit outwardly, the other two only weakly reclinate; orbits pale yellow behind middle orbital and usually without additional hairs, becoming dark brown anteriorly, this area with numerous short, black hairs. The divergent ocellars, convergent postverticals, and divergent outer verticals about as long as middle orbital; inner verticals longer. Mesonotal dark area (fig. 2,a) with thin gray pollen, especially between dorsocentral rows; pale area of scutellum yellow. Of the five pairs of dorsocentrals, the last pair is the largest; no prescutellars; acrostichal hairs irregular, 2-rowed posteriorly, becoming more numerous anteriorly. Scutellar disc with sparse scattered hairs, mostly limited to the dark areas. Humeral callus pronounced, bearing 4-5 black hairs in addition to the single upturned bristle; propleural bristle upturned, arising from a small protruding knob. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Color of legs as in figure 2,5 but the contrast between light and dark areas (yellow and brownish black) is not always as great as shown. Tarsi of first legs somewhat thickened; first metatarsus with black, long hairs below basally, the joint continued apically as a thumblike flap over the base of the next joint; metatarsal length only a little less than the length of the remaining segments combined. Abdomen mostly pollinose black, the tergites showing creamy yellow apices, especially the pregenital tergite; all tergites yellow on the extreme lateral margins. There appear to be five pregenital tergites: the first is rather elongate (possibly a fusion of two tergites), the next three are narrower, and the fifth is again larger. The geni- talia (fig. 1,a-c) nearly equal the rest of the abdomen in size; tergites 6 and 7 (apparently) form the apex of the abdomen, the seventh bent back beneath to nearly the third coxae; the sixth rather shiny black, main portion of seventh dirty yellow, while the apex is darkened again. The single accessory organ (see fig. 1,a@) is an elongate flap, thin, shallowly concaved along its entire length, the margins and underside bearing numerous, slender, pale to brownish hairs, those of each side near base stouter and longer; this unpaired accessory structure seems to be attached ventrally beneath the fourth and fifth tergites. The abdomen of one paratype male (deposited in the U.S. National Museum) was removed, treated with sodium hydroxide, cleared in phenol, and studied in glycerine; after the drawings were prepared the genitalia were placed in a drop of glycerine in a microvial and this was attached to the pin bearing the specimen. Figure 1,6 shows the external features of the genital segments; the anal plates are densely haired; just anterior to the anal plates, middorsally, is a depressed area (shown in the figure by stippling); the approximate position of tergite 5 is shown in dotted outline. In figure 1,¢ are shown most of the internal structures visible in the cleared specimen; parts labeled B and C (ejaculatory apodeme?) are unpaired, B being quite dark in color. Part A (apodeme of the penis?) is bifurcate at the point indicated by the label line into a right and left branch (only one branch is shown), each of which bears the two processes shown in the figure. Wings clear, the venation generally as in figure 1,a; on the costal base, dorsally, arises a rather long bristle reaching well beyond the humeral crossvein; ventrally, a smaller bristle arises nearly opposite the large one. Body length (in pinned specimen), 2.5-3.0 mm.; wing, about 2.5 mm. Frma.e: With the general appearance of the male but the abdomen is longer and more slender. First tergite long, second much shorter, with the following three consecutively larger; sixth tergite elongate, NEW ACALYPTRATE FLIES—WHEELER 309 tapering to its apex. There are no visible cerci protruding. The front metatarsus of the female lacks the thumblike extension of the male, and the upper facial hairs tend to be more numerous (usually 8-10 in number) though many of them are pale and hard to see. The body length is up to 4.0 mm. in a specimen with the abdomen extended. Typrs: Holotype male, USNM 62897, Rustler Park Campground, Chiricahua Mountains, Coronado National Forest, Ariz., June 11, 1951. Paratypes as follows: 2 males, 1 female, from the type locality ; Ficure 1.—Latheticomyia tricolor: a, holotype male, lateral view; b, male genital segments, external features; c, same, internal structures drawn from cleared specimen. 2 males, Mingus Mountain Recreation Area, Prescott National Forest, Ariz., June 20, 1951; 1 female, Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Ariz., June 15, 1951; 1 female, Horse Thief Basin Recrea- tion Area, Prescott National Forest, Ariz., June 18, 1951; 1 female, Clover Springs, near Long Valley, Coconino N ational Forest, Ariz., June 22, 1951; 1 male, near Long Valley Junction, Dixie National Forest, Utah, Aug. 18, 1953 (W. B. Heed, collector). Two paratypes 310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 are being placed in the U. S. National Museum collection and one each in the collections of A. H. Sturtevant and George Steyskal; the remainder are in the author’s collection. Latheticomyia lineata, new species Figure 2,¢,d MALE AND FEMALE: Face tan in middle, whitish on facial orbits, cheeks whitish becoming tan behind and below, that portion below the row of oral hairs tan to brown and conspicuously shining; vibrissa single, thin, followed by an irregular row of 8-10 hairs ending with the buccal bristle; tiny hairs of upper face scarcely visible on the only male due to a partial collapse of the head, but on the females there are 10-15 black hairs, easily visible. Clypeus tan to brown, narrow; palpi tan with coarse black hairs; proboscis pale. Front with color pattern as in figure 2,c; orbits whitish yellow to just beyond middle orbital, this yellow area continuing broadly onto rear of head on each side; dark part of front burnt brown in color with the postlunular area more orange and beset with small scattered hairs. Antennae mostly brown, becoming pale yellowish only on lower inner surface; arista dark, microscopically pubescent. Anterior orbital bristle about two-thirds the length of the other two. The color pattern of the mesonotum is shown in figure 2,c, but in general the contrast between light and dark areas is not so striking as in tricolor and infumata; similarly, in figure 2,d, the contrast of colors on the legs is not as extreme as shown. The dark areas of the mesonotum are brownish with thin pollinosity, with the median yellow area continued anteriorly along the dorsocentral lines to a varying degree, only rarely reaching the humeral yellow area. The pale streak between the alar and dorsocentral bristles may also be largely obliterated. Scutellum mostly yellow, the brown being limited to the basal angles; disc with scattered black hairs; basal scutellars two-thirds the length of second pair, the latter about one-third the length of the apical pair. Acrostichal hairs irregularly 4-6 rowed at the sutural level, reduced to two rows on the yellow area posteriorly, the pre- scutellar pair only a little enlarged. Prescutellar dorsocentrals noticeably larger than the four anterior ones. Halteres yellow. Abdominal tergites dark brown with their apical margins creamy yellow. In the only male the genitalia are obscured by the legs but appear to be of the same general type as in tricolor. Body length of female (abdomen extended), 3.5 mm.; wing, 2.8 mm. Types: Holotype female, USNM 62898, Horse Thief Basin Recrea- tion Area, Prescott National Forest, about 25 miles south (airline) of Prescott, Ariz., June 18, 1951. Paratypes as follows: 1 female, Oak NEW ACALYPTRATE FLIES—WHEELER 311 Ficure 2.—Color patterns of: a, Laiheticomyia tricolor, dorsal view; b, same, lateral view; ¢, L. lineata, dorsal view; d, same, lateral view; ¢, L. infumata, dorsal view; f, same, lateral view. 312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Creek Canyon, Coconino National Forest, Ariz., June 21, 1951; 1 female, Madera Canyon, Coronado National Forest, Ariz., June 16, 1951;1 female, Patagonia, Ariz., June 15,1951. All paratypes are in the author’s collection. Latheticomyia infumata, new species FIGureE 2,¢,f Frema.e: Face, cheek, clypeus, palpi, and proboscis pale whitish yellow; upper face with numerous (20 or more) small black hairs extending from Junule nearly halfway to oral margin; palpi with scattered black hairs and bristles; behind the center of the eye is a large brown area coinciding in position with the prominent brown pleural stripe. Color pattern of front as in figure 2,e, the orbits creamy yellow up to the middle orbital, the postlunular triangular area more orange. All antennal segments black on upper and outer surfaces, pale yellow on lower and inner surfaces except that the apical third of inner side of third segment is also black; arista micropubescent, black, its basal joint large, inserted at about one-third from apex dorsally; anterior orbital two-thirds the length of middle one, the latter five-sixths the length of the posterior one. Color pattern of mesonotum, pleura, and legs as in figure 2,e,f; acrostichal hairs sparse, irregular, the two median rows diverging along the edges of the triangular yellow stripe, the last hair in each row tending to be a bit enlarged. Apical scutellars nearly four times the length of the other two. Halteres yellow. Wings uniformly blackened, a bit darker over the crossveins. Tergites subshining brownish black dorsally, the last two with some degree of yellow apical margins; all tergites yellow on lateral margins. Body length (abdomen extended), 4.0 mm.; wing, 3.3 mm. Types: Holotype female, USNM 62899, Santa Maria de Ostuma, north of Matagalpa, Nicaragua, June 1954, W. B. Heed collector. There are two paratype females with the same collection data (auth- or’s collection). Mr. Heed states that his collections were made mostly on a coffee finca on the western slope of the mountains at an elevation of about 4,000 feet; above the finca was a dense cloud forest and below it the forest was mostly pine. Discussion Several years have been spent in an attempt to determine the family affinities of Latheticomyia, but it now seems fairly obvious that the particular combination of characters present in these flies does not occur in any described family. On general appearance, a NEW ACALYPTRATE FLIES—WHEELER 313 relationship with the Trigonometopidae would seem to be a possibil- ity, while on the basis of general morphological features the Clusiodi- dae (Clusiidae) or the Anthomyzidae are suggested. Since some dipterists consider that the Clusiodidae-Opomyzidae-Anthomyzidae form a related group, the fact that Latheticomyia shows similarities to both the clusiids and anthomyzids may be significant. TRIGONOMETOPIDAE: On superficial examination Latheticomyia bears a certain likeness to 7rigonometopus, which has, in the past, been variously referred to the Lauxaniidae, Otitidae, Sciomyzidae, and Clusiodidae. In Trigonometopus, however, vibrissae are absent, the subcosta is complete and ends independently in the costa, there are no visible costal breaks, the presutural bristle is absent, and the mesopleura always has at least one bristle. None of the described species has a striking body color pattern as in our flies, and most have highly marked wings. In actual fact, therefore, there seems to be little phylogenetic relationship between the two. AntuomyzipaE: Latheticomyia bears some resemblance to species of Anthomyza, but the resemblances are not very compelling. The arrangement of orbital bristles is similar, the facial structure, vibrissa, oral hairs, bare mesopleura, and distal costal break are all rather alike. In Anthomyza, however, there are no presutural dorsocentrals, there are never more than four scutellars, the scutellar disc is always bare, the ocellars are parallel and arise outside the ocellar triangle, the antennae are not at all porrect, the arista is basal, a humeral weakening of the costa is not evident, and the first femur nearly always bears a stout thornlike spine. Since there are still other dissimilar features, it does not seem likely that Latheticomyia should be considered as an aberrant anthomyzid. CLUSIODIDAE (CLUSIIDAE): One of the most remarkable features of the clusiids is the great diversity in chaetotaxy, a fact which makes any characterization of the family most difficult. Thus Lathett- comyia might possibly be forced into this family on the grounds that still greater diversity in bristle patterns is not too unexpected. Many features of Latheticomyia are to be found somewhere among the clusiids: the arista is essentially clusiidlike, the arrangement of orbitals occurs in Acartophthalmus, six strong scutellar bristles are present in some species of Clusia and Clusiodes, presutural dorso- centrals occur in some species of Clusiodes, and a humeral costal break is present in Acartophthalmus while a distal costal break is characteristic of the other genera. In its gross appearance Latheti- comyia bears only a weak resemblance to any clusiid; however, Acartophthaimus, long considered a clusiid, also bears little resemblance to other members of the family. 314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 If one is inclined to emphasize the direction of the postvertical bristles, as is customary in making family distinctions among the Acalyptratae, then Latheticomyia cannot possibly be placed among the Clusiodidae. Further evidence for its separation comes from the bare mesopleura, two costal breaks, five pairs of dorsocentrals, longitudi- nally excavated front, minute hairs on upper face, ete. Acartophthalmus might, with considerable justification, be removed from the Clusiodidae. Its general appearance is not that of a clusiid, the arista is clearly inserted basally, the vibrissae are scarcely larger than the following oral hairs, the humeral costal break occurs nowhere else in the family, while the distal costal break, found in all other clusiids, is lacking here. In addition, the large, widely spaced post- verticals, the widely separated apices of the auxiliary and first longitudinal veins, and the three simple reclinate orbitals represent features which are not approached elsewhere in the family as far as I have been able to determine. Thus, should Acartophthalmus be removed from the family, at least two features of Latheticomyia listed above as indicative of a possible relationship to that family would then be eliminated. Continued discussion of a possible clusiid relationship seems unnecessary. The following brief list of the essentially nonclusiid characters will serve to emphasize the disparities: (1) gross appear- ance, including pigmentation patterns; (2) convergent postvertical bristles; (3) twice broken costal vein; (4) dorsocentrals in three postsutural and two presutural pairs; (5) bare mesopleura; (6) longitudinally excavated front. Of the above characteristics, the last five are all deemed of con- siderable importance in family distinctions. It is my opinion that the disparities noted above are too great, and that the inclusion of Latheticomyia in the Clusiodidae is not justified. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956 -_ “oe sek 7 a - - " - A 7 a \ Vac ree en SE etl these, a a : 7 - 7 = rae : 7 7 ‘= 7 a aa / - "oS 7 - yi . z on: . + a - 7 5 i ag ah s : - 7 a ‘ / a Seine a * Sap Th e ~~ al} or. o aad os _ = a a at io yi - «eg, OO 3 - ~ : ; a a : . ian ’ fe id * hy pee i ; - = Un a¢ a * } eri 7 ws ae 7 aa : - 7 . - a Oe) 7 7F 5 : ‘sae s oF vis a vie ry a: += 7. 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Antennae each with pale annulus; lateral carinae of propodeum incompleie, not extending to costulae.. . . convergens (Cushman), new combination Antennae without pale annulus; lateral carinae of propodeum extending to costulae: (Seah sk ee hove we Soden ah Cosmeta, ne weepecies Habryllia oculatus (Cushman), new combination Fieture 1, f Brachycyrtus oculatus Cushman, 1936, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, pp. 18) 22, fig. 4. In the Townes collection is a specimen belonging to the genus Habryliia which I consider to be this species. I can find no structural 2 Meaning the small, dainty one; derived from Greek habros (delicate, dainty, or pretty) and -yllion, a diminutive suffix. BRACHYCYRTINE WASPS—WALKLEY 319 differences. However, the color pattern differs in some respects from that of the type specimen (only two specimens are known to me) and can be within the limits of variation. The abdomen is black where that of the type is brownish, the thorax lacks any black or dark color- ation with the exception of the two spots on the propodeum, and the scutellar and postscutellar spots are as in the type specimens; the leg markings, while similar in shape and distribution, are black in the Townes specimen; the black of posterior part of head is not separated from the ocellar spot and the head itself is paler, more whitish than yellow. More material is needed to show definitely whether it belongs here or is new. The specimen was collected in Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, Feb. 4, 1940, by P. J. Anduze. Habryllia muesebechki, new species Ficunre l1,c,e This new species is stouter than any other brachycyrtine species I have seen. Holotype, female: Length 6 mm.; forewing 4.5 mm.; antenna 6 min.; ovipositor sheath barely 1.8 mm. Head yellowish white, similar to that of H. oculatus (Cushman) in shape but differing in coloration by having only the ocellar triangle black, the ocecipital area being more or less testaceous; antennae reddish brown with apical segments darker; flagellum with 31 seg- ments, first segment longer than segments 2 and 3 together. Thorax testaccous with the markings on mesopleura, metapleura, and the petiolar area of propodeum as well as a transverse area just below the costulae yellowish white; the postscutellum with the discal area dark brown or blackish; scutcllum broader in comparison with its length than in oculatus; the postscutellum distinctly transverse, the disk being 1% times as broad as long. As noted in the key to species, the propodeum is polished, without shagreening or granula- tion, and with only a very few large scattered punctures. Forewing with nervulus postfurcal by more than twice its length. Abdomen black with apices of segments 2—7 yellowish white; two lateral transverse pale spots, devoid of pubescence, at base of third segment; legs yellowish white with dorsal face of tibiae of front and middie legs brownish at least two-thirds of distance from apex to base; hind coxae dark brown or blackish at base extending posteriorly one-third of distance to apex on dorsal face and at least one-half of distance to apex on lateral face; trochanters more or less blackish; inner and outer faces of hind femora with blackish streak; hind tibia blackish at base and apex with the two areas connected on the outer 320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 face; tarsi of middle and hind legs brownish. Ovipositor reddish brown, sheaths blackish. H. muesebecki also differs from oculatus in the shape of the occipital carina and of the eyes. Viewed laterally the occipital carina is raised or flanged in oculatus but not in this new species. The eye of ocu- latus seems to be widest distinctly before the middle, while in muese- becki it seems widest just before or almost at the middle (fig. 1,e,f). Described from a unique female collected at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, September 1938 by R. C. Shannon. This specimen is in the U. S. National Museum collection under type No. 62053. This new species is named in honor of C. F. W. Muesebeck, who, despite his heavy schedule and many obligations, still takes time to aid or advise the many who ask his assistance. Habryllia convergens (Cushman), new combination Brachycyrtus convergens Cushman, 1936, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, pp. 18, 20, fig. 2. Cushman’s description of this species is so complete that little more need be done than to stress certain characters. This is the only species with annulated antennae known to me. Like H. muesebeckt, it is stouter in general conformation than the remaining species in the genus. Further discussion will be found under H. cosmeta, new species. Thus far this species is known only from the unique female taken at Cano Saddle, Gattin Lake, Panama. Habryllia cosmeta, new species Fiaure l,a Holotype, female: Length barely 5 mm.; forewing 3.5 mm.; antenna 4.55 mm.; ovipositor sheaths 1 mm. Head polished, with minute, scarcely visible punctures on the face; eyes somewhat convergent anteriorly, weakly emarginate; malar space barely one-half the basal width of mandible; temples, viewed dorsally, about one-half the width of the eye; ocellar triangle transverse; antennal flagellum with 30 segments, the basal segment fully as long as the second and third combined. Thorax at least as deep as, or a little deeper than, long; polished and sparsely punctate on the mesoscutum and mesopleura; propodeum, except polished metapleura, with more or less of the other areas appearing finely granular, spiracles small, elongate-oval, areola and petiolar area confluent, first and second lateral basal areas confluent; scutellum longer than wide, lateral carinae reaching apex; postscutel- BRACHYCYRTINE WASPS—WALKLEY SAL Le : ee Ficure 1.—a, Habryllia cosmeia, new species, lateral view, and dorsal view of head; d, Brachycyrtus baltazarae, new species, lateral view, and dorsal view of head; ¢, Habryllia muesebecki, new species, front view of head; d, Brachycyrtus ornatus (Kriechbaumer), front view of head; e, Habryllia muesebecki, new species, lateral view of head; f, H. oculatus (Cushman), lateral view of head. Drawn by Arthur D. Cushman, Entomology Research Branch, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 322 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 lum roundish with lateral carinae; wings hyaline, iridescent, pubescence at tip of forewing dense enough to make tip appear darker in trans- mitted light, nervulus postfurcal by one and one-third its length. Abdomen polished, minutely punctate, punctures on first tergite very sparse; petiole flat dorsally, postpetiole widest at the spiracles, its apex not quite twice as wide as petiole base. Head and thorax yellow with the following black: ocellar triangle and a narrow stalk extending back from ocellar line and widening greatly to occipital carina then narrowing to foramen magnum; two spots on the mesopleuron, the upper one running diagonally across the middle, the other below and extending onto the venter; three stripes on the mesoscutum, the middle one beginning at the base and running about two-thirds the distance to the apex, the two lateral stripes beginning at the basal third and extending to the apex; most of disk of scutcllum; disk of postscutellum; a spot on each side of the propodeum just dorsal and anterior to the propodeal spiracie. Legs yellow except the following which are piceous or dark brown: a small basal spot on hind coxa, most of hind trochanters, stripe on outer side and inner face of hind femur, basal and apical annulus on hind tibia, middle and hind tarsi, and last two segments of each front tarsus. Ovipositor sheaths, petiole, and base of postpetiole black, rest of postpetiole yellow; remainder of abdominal tergites reddish yellow with more than basal half of tergites 2 and 3 and less than basal half of remaining tergites blackish or dark brown. Antennae and wing nervures yellowish brown; ovipositor reddish brown. Type has left forewing and left middle leg missing. Allotype, male. Similar to female. Black spots on mesopleuron smaller, the lower one almost nonexistent. Antennal flagellum with 29 segments. This species is very close to 7. convergens (Cushman), from which it may be distinguished by the complete lack of a pale annulus on the antenna; by the lateral carinae reaching the costulae; by the more slender ovipositor; and by the slightly longer and more slender basal flagellar segment of the antenna. Color pattern of the two species is very similar. FH. convergens has less black on legs and less reddish- yellow on abdomen. Described from two specimens, female and male, from St. Augustine, Trinidad, British West Indies, collected in May 1953 by F. D. Ben- nett. A third specimen is too broken to include in the type series. Holotype, female, and allotype, male, are in the U. S. National Museum collection under type No. 62052. A headless specimen from Venezuela in the Townes collection is either this species or a new species closely related to cosmeta. RRACHYCYRTINE WASPS—WALKLEY 323 Genus Brachycyrtus Kriechbaumer Brachycyrtus Kriechbaumer, Corres.-Blatt. Zool.-Min. Ver. Regensburg, vol. 34, p. 161, 1880. Genotype: Brachycyrtus ornatus Kriechbaumer, by monotypy. Proterocryptus Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, p. 174, 1906. Genotype: Proterocryptus nawaii Ashmead, by monotypy. Vakau Cheesman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 1, p. 189, 1928. Genotype: Vakau taitensis Cheesman, by monotypy and original designation. Brachycyrtomorpha Blanchard, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina, vol. 134, p. 105, 1942. Genotype: Brachycyrlomorpha crossi Blanchard, by monotypy and original designation. Genotype: Brachycyrtus ornatus Kriechbaumer, by monotypy. The members of this genus, type genus of the tribe Brachycyrtini, are more or less brightly colored, usually black and yellow or white, rufous or testaceous brown and yellow or yellowish white, and more or less patterned. In addition to the tribal characters heretofore mentioned and the characters given in the generic key, they are further identified by the antennae having 24 to 27 segments with the first flagellar segment three to four times as long as wide; by the head being more than twice as broad as long with very short, slightly convex temples (fig. 1,0); by the petiole with the sternite straight or more or less upcurved apically; the usually short but distinet ster- naulus; and the propodeum perpendicular beyond the short basal area. The synonym Brachycyrtomorpha has been credited previously by some authors to Kreibohm de la Vega (1940). However, under the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature (Article 25, as emended) the genus must date from 1942 with Blanchard as its author, since before that date there had been no summary of characters, no bibliographic reference, and no type designation. Key to the species of Brachycyrtus 1, Propodeum with dense whitish pubescence and completely areolated, the areola separated from the petiolar area . . . we 2 aia e Propodeum with pubescence not dense oad ah precisa pid petiolar area confluent .... eee aye oe nee 2. Thorax reddish allow, ae ponent Rae a. eerie Cushman Thorax whitish, with reddish yellow and piceous markings. eressi (Blanchard) 3. Thorax black or blackish, with pale markings. . . . eornatus Kriechbaumer Thorax yellow or yellowish, marked with brown or black ........ 4 4, Thorax yellow, faintly marked with reddish yellow or testaceous. australis Roman ~ Thorax yellow, marked with black or dark brown. . . eee 5. Size large, more than 8 mm. in length; abdomen yellow mat ‘bla ae band at base of each of segments 2-6. . . .... . =. . baltazarae, new species Size smaller, 7 mm. or less in length; abdomen dark brown or black with yellow band at or near apex of each of segments 1-7... ......-. + 6 324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 6. Mesopleuron black with central section yellow or testaceous and usually elongate... 2.9. 3 52 «i «be se se ae + ees awa (Ashmead) Mesopleuron yellow ... . . . . taitensis (Cheesman) Brachycytrus (sic) aporiae Okamoto ie pp. 64-65, pl. 5, fig. 15), as Cushman previously noted, does not belong here. It polos in the Hemitelini. Brachycyrtus pretiosus Cushman Brachycyrtus pretiosus Cushman, 1936, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, pp. 18, 19, fic. 1, 1936. Cushman’s excellent description errs in one respect. He stated that the occipital carina extended straight to the base of the mandible. This character, for various reasons, is either very difficult to see or not visible on the Cushman specimens. Fortunately, specimens since added to the U. S. National Museum collection definitely show that the occipital carina meets the hypostomal carina before the base of the mandible and does not, as Cushman thought, extend to the base. This species shows very little color variation. It and crossi differ from other species in the genus by the short epomiae, which reach only a little more than half the distance to the doralmer of the pronotum. B. pretiosusisknown only from Florida.” The four additional speci- mens, reared from “trashbug pupae” (chrysopid pupae), are from Sloan’s Grove, Tampa, and Haines City, Florida. Brachycyrtus crossi (Blanchard) Brachycyrtomorpha crossi Blanchard, (‘‘in lit.”), Kreibohm de la Vega, Rev. Ind. Agr. Tucuman, vol. 30, Nos. 7-9, p. 170, fig. 18, 1940. Nomen nudum. Brachycyrtomorpha crossi Blanchard, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina, vol. 134, pp. 105-107, fig. 6, 1942. (Brachycyrtus) crossi Kreibohm de la Vega; Townes, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soe., No. 2, pt. 2, p. 756, 1945. Kreibohm de la Vega had no intention of validating the name crossi, which he attributed to Blanchard, but he certainly would have done so had the figure (a photograph) not been too poor to distinguish it from other brachycyrtine species known at the time. B. crossi, most closely related to B. pretiosus Cushman, is immedi- ately d eeened from it and all other knownspecies of Brachycyrtus by the whitish thorax with three broad, reddish brown stripes. Blanchard speaks of the thorax as being whitish yellow, and the scutellum pale ivory. In the specimens before me the scutellum and thorax are the same color, though the spaces between the ferrugineous stripes of the scutum are slightly tawny or yellowish. Otherwise the two males agree very well with Blanchard’s description. The female differs from the male in having the spots of the pleural areas paler and BRACHYCYRTINE WASPS—WALKLEY 325 in having the abdomen dark brown or blackish varying to testaceous brown with preapical whitish bands or spots on segments 1-6 only and not on segment 7 as hasthe male. Structurally, crossi and pretiosus are very similar, the only difference being the shorter malar space of pretiosus. Blanchard and Kreibohm de la Vega say the specimen they saw was reared from Alabama argilacea Huebner, presumably in Tucumén, Argentina. However, Kreibohm was more accurate in saying “en la jaula de Alabama” (in the cage of Alabama). The three specimens before me came from Piura, Pert, from caged cotton buds infested with Anthonomus vestitus Boheman. It seems reasonable to assume chrysopid pupae were present. Brachycyrtus ornatus Kriechbaumer Figure 1,d Brachycyrtus ornatus Kriechbaumer, Corres. Blatt. Zool.-Min. Ver. Regensburg, vol. 34, Nos. 11-12, pp. 163-164, 1880 (9). Brachycyrtus ornatus Kriechbaumer; Pfankuch, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. (1912), pt. 4, pp. 456-457, figs. 1-2, 1912 (c). Brachycyrtus chrysopae Walley, Canadian Ent., vol. 72, p. 86, 1940 (9). New synonymy. Dr. René Malaise of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm» Sweden, always a most helpful person, lent me for study a female specimen identified by E. Clément as Brachycyrtus ornatus Kriech- baumer. It fits the original description quite well. G. S. Walley not only sent for study a female specimen of B. chrysopae, which like the type specimen came from southern British Columbia, but also sent notes on the type, for which I am grateful. In the Townes col- lection, kindly lent me for study by H. K. Townes, is a series consisting of eight specimens taken by him and his wife at Takoma Park, Md. These Mr. Walley had checked with his holotype. This series plus additional specimens from the Townes collection and the U. S. Na- tional Museum collection show quite well the extent of variation as well as the constant characters. With this material it was easy to see that ornatus and chrysopae are synonymous. Unfortunately, the earlier descriptions of ornatus stressed the tribal characters and color. Cushman had not seen any specimens of the genotype so could not include it in his 1936 key to the specimens of Brachycyrtus. This is the darkest of the known species belonging to Frachycyrtus and varies in size fom 5 to6 mm. The identifying characters other than color pattern are: Epomiae nearly attaining the dorsal margin of the pronotum; malar space about one-half as long as width at base of mandible; and the nervulus postfurcal by only little more than half 326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 its length (in pretiosus Cushman and crossi (Blanchard) the nervulus postfurcal by about its own length). The anterior margin of the scutellar groove is carinate as in nawaii (Ashmead), but unless the light is right it may escape notice since the carina projects posteriorly instead of dorsally. B. ornatus varies from dark brownish to blackish, with yellowish markings of thorax varying considerably in extent, especially on the propodeum. In the specimens studied the propodeum varies from all black, or black with a small brownish spot on each side of the petiolar area just below the basal transverse carina, to mostly yellow with only the basal and lateral pleural areas dark. In the European specimen the dark areas are brownish as well as blackish and the yellow of the propodeum a more reddish yellow. In some specimens the petiolar area is all yellowish while in others it is more or less infuscate. The flagellum of the antenna has 24 or 25 segments in the female, and 25 in the male. Of the two males studied only one had the antennae unbroken. The male squamae that tend to be slender apically in the Brachycyrtini are more so in this species and strongly resemble those of Pseudischnus males in this respect. PE. ornatus is holaretic in distribution. It has been taken in both Europe and North America. The North American specimens before me are from Robson, British Columbia; Mayo and Takoma Park, Md.; Hocking County, Ohio; and near Roosevelt Lake, Ariz. The type of chrysopae was reared from an unknown chrysopid. Brachycyrtus australis Roman Brachycyrtus australis Roman, Ark. Zool., vol. 9, No. 9, p. 6, 1915 (9). Brachycyrtus australis Roman, Cushman, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, p. 18, 1936. Dr. Malaise sent for study the type specimen, the antennae of which were broken. Roman listed the number of flagellar segments as 27. The apical segments remaining are longer and less thick in proportion than those of 2. ornatus. This little species, as noted in the key, has fewer dark markings than any of the other species; the markings on the head and thorax, especially, being light brownish or testaceous. Roman’s complete description notes the small oval propodeal spir- acles. 5. australis is the only species of Grachcyrtus with short-oval spiracles. The rest of the species of the genus have elongate-oval propodeal spiracles. It might also be noted that the malar space is shorter than that of B. ornatus, being about one-third the basal width of mandible. Known only from a single specimen taken at Broome, Australia, June 1911. BRACHYCYRTINE WASPS—WALKLEY 327 Brachycyrtus baltazarae, new species FiacureE 1,6 This new species can be immediately recognized by its large size. The only known specimen, a female, is approximately 9 mm. in length. All other known species in the genus measure 6 mm. or less. The new species is further distinguished by the lack of costulae on the propodeum. Head yellow; ocellar triangle black, joining black spot extending dorsally and laterally to occipital carina but with lateral limits visible dorsally; scape and pedicel yellow below, blackish above; flagellum testaceous below, darker above (apical segments missing from both antennae). Thorax yellow, rectangular median black spot on scutum, flanked on each side by elongate triangular black spot, scutellar fovea and adjoining area of scutum black, elongate black spot on pleuron near mesopleural suture, anterior black spot on lateral basal areas of propodeum. Legs yellow except apices of femora and tibiae, apical tarsal segments, and bases of hind trochanters and tibiae, all of which are more or less brownish or blackish; wings hyaline, venation dark brown. Abdomen yellow, petiole blackish at extreme base (difficult to see) with a laterally elongate blackish band before the spiracles, blackish band at base of segments 2-6, segment 7 mostly brownish or blackish except narrow band at apex; ovipositor sheaths blackish. Eead lightly but closely punctate, first flagellar segment of antenna 3% times aslong as wide. Thorax strongly but rather closely punctate except propodeum, which is mostly granular with scattered punctures basally; epomiae flangelike and joining dorsally; scutellar fovea carinate anteriorly and crossed by several carinae; punctate scutellum with lateral carinae flangelike at fovea; postscutellum small and shining; propodeum lacking costulae, areola and petiolar area fused; propodeal spiracles slitlike and proportionately larger than in other known species of the genus. Forewing with nervulus postfurcal by about one-third its length; cubitus, between intercubitus and second recurrent, fully 3% times as long as intercubitus. Petiole widest at spiracles then narrowing so that its apical width is about three- fourths that at spiracles. Ovipositor sheaths only very slightly longer than petiole. Described from the unique female collected by F. R. Candelaria, Sept. 17, 1953, on Mount Maquiling, Philippine Islands, and named in honor of Miss Clare Baltazar, entomologist with the Bureau of Plant Industry, Manila, Philippine Islands, who so kindly sent the specimen. The holotype is in the U. S. National Museum collection under type No. 62774. 328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Brachycyrtus nawaii (Ashmead) Proterocryptus nawaii Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30; ps L744, plad2: fig. 3, 1906. (Brachycyrtus) nawaii (Ashmead); Roman, Ark. Zool., vol. 9, No. 9, p. 5, 1915. Proterocryptus nawati Ashmead; Cushman, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, p. 548, 1919. Brachycyrtus nawaii (Ashmead); Cushman, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, pp. 18, 23, fig. 4, 1936. Ashmead’s type specimen is from the Palearctic region (from Japan), and is very closely related to B. ornatus Kriechbaumer, from which it can be separated principally by color and by the shape and length of the epomiae. In B. nawaii the epomiae reach the dorsal margin of the pronotum and are strongly developed or flanged, but in &. ornatus they do not quite reach the dorsal margin and are less strongly de- veloped or flanged. Additional material may show the length of the epomiae more variable in both species. In color pattern the two species are very close, the pattern differing especially on the head and mesopleuron. B. ornatus has the black spot behind the antennae fused with the black of the ocellar triangle while in nawazi the two spots are separated. B. nawaii also has more yellow on the meso- pleuron, including a more or less rectangular yellow spot near the center. 2. ornatus has no such spot. In addition to the type from Japan, I have seen three specimens from the Philippines. One, in the U. S. National Museum collection, Cushman mentioned as being nawaii in his 1936 paper. A second specimen in the Museum collection, from Babatan Island, and one from the Townes collection, from Gapan, may prove, with additional material to show amount of variation, to be a distinct species. The malar space seems a little shorter and the pale bands of the abdomen wider medially on segments 2 and 3. I can find nothing else to differentiate these specimens, so at present can only consider them as being nawait. The distribution for Frachycyrtus nawaii is Atami, Japan, and Manila, Luzon Island, Babatan Island, and Gapan Island, all in the Philippines. The specimen from Manila was reared from cocoon of Chrysopa sp. Brachycyrtus taitensis (Ci: -es:nan) Vakau taitensis Cheesman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hirt., ser. 10, vol. 1, No. 2, p. 189, fig. 7, 1928. (Brachycyrtus) taitensis Cheesman; Townes, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. No. 2, pt. 2, p. 756, 1945. I have seen no specimen of this species. The “longitudinal striate puncturation” of the mesoscutum and the “pectinate inner spine” of the middle tibia should immediately identify this species. The BRACHYCYRTINE WASPS—WALKLEY 329 original description speaks of the species as being “Matt; minutely granulate, with fine shallow puncturation and a sparse covering of pale yellow hairs.” The other species of the genus are more shining than matt, except sometimes the propodeum. The three specimens were taken at various localities on Tahiti, Society Islands. References AsHMEAD, W. H. 1900. Classification of the ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumono- idea. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, pp. 1-220. 1906. Descriptions of new Hymenoptera from Japan. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, pp. 169-201, pls. 12-15. CEBALLOS, GONZALO 1941-1943. Las tribus de los himendépteros de Espafia. Inst. Espafiol Ent. Madrid, 421 pp. CusuHMAN, R. A. 1919. Descriptions of new North American ichneumon-flies. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, pp. 517-543. 1936. The ichneumon-flies of the genus Brachycyrtus Kriechbaumer. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, pp. 17-24. KREIBOHM DE LA Vuaa, G. A. 1940, Contribucién al conocimiento de algunos enemigos naturales de la oruga de la hoja del algodonero (Alabama argillacea Hitbn.). Lucha biolégica. Rev. Ind. Agr. Tucumdén, vol. 30, Nos. 7-9, pp. 163- 171, 1940. KRIECHBAUMER, J. 1880. Brachycyrtus, novum genus Cryptidarum. Corres.-Blatt. Zool.-Min. Ver. Regensburg, vel. 34, nos. 11-12, pp. 161-164. Oxamoro, Hanusrro 1921. [Life-histories of injurious and beneficial insects in Hokkaido.] Hokkaido Agr. Exp. Sta. Rep. No. 12, 92 pp., 6 pls. (In Jap- anese.) PraNnKucH, K. 1912. Aus der Ichneumonologie. (Hym.). Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. (1912), No. 4, pp. 456-459. Roman, A. 1915. Results of Dr. E. Mjébergs Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910-13. I. Schlupfwespen. Ark. Zool., vol. 9, No. 9, pp. 1-18. ScHMIEDEKNECHT, OTTo 1904-1906. Opuscula Ichneumonologica, vol. 2, Cryptinae, pp. 411-998. Townes, Henry K., Jr. 1944-1945. Catalogue and reclassification of the Nearctic Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., No. 11, pts. 1, 2, 925 pp. 1951. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptie Catalog. Family Ichneumonidae. U. 8. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monogr. No. 2, pp. 184-410. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956 7 7 — a 7 | - ~~. > = 7 : i 2 ee ae on : i 7 me i ameey *! = fae eG ts ey => vipe> apts duct | ree, c LY 7 a : <1 iy (Vi og oat eee “a « oF Pay, wil ta Oe specs) ea Pe 7 7 if : Sottey, Det ee Spa en fetes aa Al a t aN =! | 2 Ste ya) ta ; —_ a 7 = ae a a oo iH a ee Onsite Ta * i ar war tS, J oe an | 15 ee i @ o¢ 7 i - i 6 ; 7 7 - 7 Pee : ri ; aa ‘ weet — ~ arose / a ps teem 7 i? 2 1 ae |! au ee a0p) sf alee tre T “ens ‘ - 2 FT _ . ie : (ae a a) == - ‘olf | sya a ft 7 - at aD : 7m oe 7 ay) ahotr ae a wna : ; mi - i i al Lee ae ee =— aan wi : 24a) ae Ne ie =e: 4 : . Si ta Sn o 7 = 7 ae ae - 7. ‘pnt tf 6 2 eee _- 7} / : © 1:57 a oat ‘ar - -, ay we : fy ¢ Bie Aim om , . : a ie J I iti on : 19 | 7 ‘ et Abn i so; ied _ : ’ oe i : 7 mf) Pe , a. : Sai ida : MH ‘ ny : a = ‘ of eos vy - = 7 . , 1 i ‘se . . . i ai ivr ‘hog 7 : , ae ! sor ' foe pi - . a - - - 7 7 wt i vf ; on ieee “ : - 7 Tee i hss Cae AL i@ 250 to j 7) . < ’ i _ - : ax a 7 we Lahore 7 ‘ : a . yt — i a i pet iV ore ae 7 ia) a . ’ f . A aa ry 7 it 3 mi) iy > 9 ee eee , » ath 7 : : a i ® ° ; ; 7 oe rahe a i . _ 7 an wie te why se - 7 7 E> ¢@ 7 [ : —~ 7 ; ‘ — - J: Ss a a sc? A+. = phy we } 7 a) ee D gt iis tise 7 i > : pVisaai st f “7 7 = 6). A ie 4 i t + Seecllliedl . . / / ; / os 7 : /? = . . al 7 i : ; : a > : i 9 - ; - « oo - i ve i PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 106 Washington: 1956 Nor 3370 A NEW SPECIES OF CANDACIA (COPEPODA: CALANOIDA) FROM THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN By ApraHamM FLeEMINGER and THomas E. Bowman The new species of Candacia described below was discovered inde- pendently by the authors while engaged in studies of plankton col- lections made by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The plankton tows were made off the southern Atlantic coast of the United States by the Theodore N. Gill and in the Gulf of Mexico by the Alaska as part of general oceanographic surveys of the two regions. In addition to the new species described below, seven known species of Candacia have been found in the collections. C. bipinnata Gies- brecht, bispinosa Claus, curta Dana, longimana Claus, pachydactyla Dana, and simplex Giesbrecht occurred in both regions surveyed, whereas armata Boeck has been found only in collections made at some of the most northern stations occupied by the Gill, off Beaufort, N.C. These stations appear to represent approximately the southern boundary of the distribution of this species along the Atlantic coast of the United States. As pointed out by Thompson and Scott (1903, p. 250), Brady’s (1884, p. 68) records from Challenger stations are probably erroneous. The only other published records from Indo- Pacific or tropical western Atlantic localities are contained in C. B. Wilson’s Carnegie (1942) and Albatross (1950) reports. Examination of Carnegie and Albatross specimens in the U. 5. National Museum 331 386590—56 332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 (USNM) identified by Wilson as C. armata was carried out. Almost all of Wilson’s determinations proved to be erroneous; C. armata was not present at any of the Carnegie stations and only at Albatross station 2195 (lat. 39°44’ N., long. 70°03’ W., off Cape Hatteras). C. aethiopica Dana, a widespread species in temperate and tropical waters of all the oceans, was not found in either the Alaska or Gill collections. It will probably be found at least in the region covered by the Gill, since it has been reported from the Bermuda area (Moore, 1949), and Mr. Philip St. John (personal communication) has found it in plankton hauls made off the coast of North Carolina. Candacia norvegica (Boeck), found in the cooler part of the North Atlantic Ocean, appears to be limited to waters of lower temperature than those surveyed by the Alaska and the Gill. In Wilson’s Carnegie and Albatross papers this species was reported to have been found in the Sargasso and Caribbean regions and in many parts of the Pacific Ocean. As in the case of C. armata, Wilson’s determinations have been found to be incorrect. C. norvegica was not present in any of the Albatross or Carnegie material in the U. S. National Museum. Candacia paenelongimana, new specics ny ~~ SRO pa Fi@ures 1; 2,a-g Locauitigs AND MateriAu: Gulf of Mexico: Lat. 23°35’ N., long. 82°23’ W. (USFWS Alaska cruise 4, station 29, Jan. 19, 1952, 1 meter depth of tow, one female); lat. 23°31’ N., long. 86°44’ W. (Alaska cruise 4, station 36, Jan. 24, 1952, 1 meter depth of tow, one female). Gulf Stream: Off Florida coast, lat. 27°40’ N., long. 79°41’ W. (USFWS Theodore N. Gill cruise 1, station 6, Feb. 17, 1953, 60 meters depth of tow, one female); off South Carolina coast, lat. 32°41’ N., long. 77°03’ W. (Gill cruise 1, station 62, Mar. 3, 1953, 75 meters depth of tow, one female, one male). MerasureMENTS: All measurements made from dorsal view along midsagittal plane; cephalothorax measured from anteriormost margin of forehead to posterior margin of intersegmental fold between thoracic fusion segment IV—V and genital segment; length of abdomen from anterior margin of genital segment to articulation between fifth innermost seta and right furcal ramus. Measurements made at 100 magnification with aid of ocular micrometer, specimens immersed in solution of 50 percent glycerine, 50 percent water. Slender glass rods used to support cephalothorax and abdomen in horizontal position during measurements of each. The total length and cephalothorax-abdomen ratio, presented in that order, for individuals collected at different localities are as follows: Adult females: holotype, 2.92 mm., 4.1: 1; paratypes, 2.54 NEW SPECIES OF CANDACIA—-FLEMINGER AND BOWMAN 333 SCALE (MM) Saget Tigges Teno Ol o,¢,4,h —Or e,g,!,k, I,m oO! 4 __—_-— —ihn wes Zl ' | \ \ / aw Figure 1—Candacia paenelongimana new species, female (a-j and n are holotype, k-m, paratype): a, dorsal view; b, cephalon, lateral view; c, abdomen, lateral view; d, abdomen, dorsal view; ¢, second maxilla; f, maxilliped; g, abdomen, ventral view; 4, proximal portion of first antenna; 7, fifth legs; 7, ramus of fifth leg, distal half; &, third exopodal segment of fourth leg; J, third exopodal segment of third leg; m, third exopodal segment of second leg; n, mandible, gnathal lobe. 334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 108 mim., 3.9: 1 (Alaska station 29); 2.57 mm., 3.7: 1 (Gill station 62) 2.66 mm. (Gill station 6). Adult male: allotype, 2.49 mm., 3.4: 1. Draqanosts: Adult female; similar to C. longimana (Claus) with respect to cephalothorax, cephalic appendages, and swimming legs 1-4 (fig. 1,e,f,h,k—n). Abdominal details differing from longimana: Genital segment with somewhat angular lateral swellings, greatest width anterior to mid- length of swellings (fig. 1,d,g); measured at greatest width, genital segment wider than long (0.82—0.85 : 1); second abdominal segment produced ventrad in a broad lobiform process (fig. 1,¢); process extends ventrad and somewhat anteriad, almost reaching posteroventral margin of genital segment. Fifth legs differing from longimana; spines of ramal segment small; ramus with two apical subequal spines, two appressed spines along lateral margin; medial margin of ramus with longitudinal row of about five small denticles near apex (fig. 1,7,7). Adult male similar to longimana with respect to cephalic appendages and swimming legs 1-5. Posterior process of right fifth thoracic segment relatively longer and of rather different form than that of longimana. Seen from above (fig. 2,c) process tapers gradually and turns slightly outward at tip; in lateral view (fig. 2,b) it curves upward to tip, which has an expan- sion on its posterior side. Genital segment (fig. 2,a,d) similar to that of longimana, but process on right side without thickening near the middle as charac- teristic of longimana. Fifth legs (fig. 2,e) like those of lengimana in all details. Types: Holotype, USNM 98618, female, Alaska cruise 4, station 36. Allotype, USNM 98619, male, Gill cruise 1, station 62. Paratypes: USNM 98622, female, Alaska cruise 4, station 29; USNM 98621, female, Gill cruise 1, station 6; USNM 98620, female, Gill cruise 1, station 62. ApDITIONAL Descriprion: Abdominal segments plus furea with following proportions: Female (based on holotype), 48.5, 25.0, 12.0, 14.5=100; male, 37.5, 30.0, 27.0, 12.5, 20.0=100. Ficure 2.—a-g, Candacia paenelongimana new species, male allotype: a, dorsal view; 4, fifth thoracic segment and first abdominal segment, seen from the right side; c, posterior corner of right fifth thoracic segment, dorsal view; d, process of first abdominal segment, dorsal view; ¢, fifth legs; f, right first antenna, segments 15-19, dorsal view; g, right furcal ramus, dorsal view. 4h-l, Candacia longimana (Claus): h, abdomen, dorsal view, male from South Pacific, USNM 80116; 2, portion of fifth thoracic and first abdominal segments, dorsal view, male from same lot as h; j, posterior corner of right fifth thoracic segment, dorsal view, male from Carnegie Sta. 66, off Chile, USNM 80115; &, same, lateral view; /, fifth legs, female, Gill Cruise 1, Sta. 71, off North Carolina; m, abdomen, lateral view, same specimen. , Candacia chirura Cleve, abdomen, lateral view, from Farran (1929). NEW SPECIES OF CANDACIA—FLEMINGER AND BOWMAN 335 SCALE (MM) yeast seers —_—__—__—____| @q |}--O-9______4h-j,m [| = ee Be ge ee ) ———————— Figure 2.—Explanation on facing page. 336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 106 Cephalothorax-abdomen length ratio of female longimana Claus, according to Giesbrecht (1892, p. 428), approximates 2.9+-.3:1. However, ratios of longimanna collected by Gill and Alaska similar to range in paenelongimana; a female longimana from Gulf of Mexico (unpublished data; lat. 23°50’ N., long. 82°19’ W., Jan. 19, 1952, 1 meter depth) with ratio of 3.8:1; two longimana females from off Cape Lookout (unpublished data; lat. 34°03’ N., long. 75°15’ Wi, Mar. 6, 1953, 35 meters depth) with ratios of 3.6:1 and 4.1:1. Cephal- othorax-abdomen length ratio, therefore, appears to be of no value in distinguishing between individual females of the two species. Genital segment tends to be longer and furcal rami shorter in female paenclongimana as compared to available specimens and Giesbrecht’s figures (1892, pl. 39, figs. 4, 6) of Jongimana. Remarks: The female can be easily recognized by the characteristic ventral process of the second abdominal segment. While processes from the vental surface of this segment are developed to varying degrees in several species of Candacia, the process is directed anteriad only in paenelongimana. Both Candacia chirura Cleve (fig. 2,n) and C. armata (Boeck) have conspicuous processes, directed posteriad. The male can easily be confused with the male of longimana, but can be distinguished by the shape of the process on the right side of the fifth thoracic segment, especially when examined from the side. In longimana this process is somewhat variable, but is relatively shorter and heavier than in the single male paenelongimana. In dorsal view (fig. 2,h-7) it is more pointed and usually curves medially. Seen laterally (fig. 2,4) it bends abruptly upward just beyond the thickened middle and narrows uniformly to the pointed distal end. A number of male specimens of longimana from both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans have been examined; in none of them did this process closely resemble that of paenelongimana with its uniform curvature and expanded apex. Literature cited Brapy, GEorGH STEWARDSON 1884. Report on the Copepoda collected by H. M. 8. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Rep. Sci. Res. Voyage of H. M.S. Challenger, Zool., vol. 8, pt. 23, 142 pp., 55 pls. FARRAN, GEorRGE P. 1929. Crustacea, pt. 10, Copepoda. British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedi- tion, 1910, Nat. Hist. Rep., Zool., vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 203-306, 37 figs., 4 pls. GIESBRECHT, WILHELM 1892. Systematik und Faunistik der pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, Monogr. 19, 831 pp., 54 pls. NEW SPECIES OF CANDACIA—-FLEMINGER AND BOWMAN 337 Moors, Hinary B. 1949. The zooplankton of the upper waters of the Bermuda area of the North Atlantic. Bull. Bing. Oceanogr. Coll., vol. 12, art. 2, 97 pp. Tuompson, Isaac Cooxkn, AND Scorr, ANDREW 1903. Report of Copepoda collected by Professor Herdman at Ceylon in 1902. Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries, Suppl. Rep. No. 7; Rep. to Colonial Government, pt. 1, pp. 227-807, pls. 1-20. Witson, CHARLES BRANCH 1942. The copepods of the plankton gathered during the last cruise of the Carnegie. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 536, Sci. Res. Cruise 7 of the Carnegie during 1928-1929 under the command of Capt. J. P. Ault. Biology—I, v + 237 pp., 16 charts, 136 figs. 1950. Copepods gathered by the United States Fisheries Steamer Albatross from 1887 to 1909, chiefly in the Pacific Ocean. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 100, vol. 14, pt. 4, pp. i-ix, 141-441, pls. 2-36. UL, $. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956 - fay The WAM VIO ev). AE ie A TTR 0) TOY Sairee WA a) | | , re. 1s ene! 1A teal sted Me, Ta Deegan “eter yes MED Gio? am au 1 lg pela oft. ftOh iy & 6 oa" wt oe ts yy TROWMINT Mit jaca! yds rae 5 : ‘ Pe nbueiin) aa Sek nado OPM sat oiled ' J) tetaadngt: teeta “arf isthe, ahSaeyo™ oF yaa aye, ess ¢ tian yee ttf vs: “t (aa S nite 1s 00 1 ri. me on Pas ‘| iA _ {oe a vf jg nie oy ed Taleialtiobe, - a = | ; TNs fost tA EP antl tat lise cep liv ada io BSA sft Are yraaeel i Hi aay. Mi ann] ny off witt nig ‘ay? met li) + antlact . “Grew uy : 16: banked OAP Atos CLUE tel Bl jrily » ay Konda 4 3 ih OSy otreléihiy, 17 a0. 2 wltL, naraet agnnd 2 - A —«yoloill jin Peer o {hewrtay! Galley a b bainvie;, ohorpqo? Od2L Of, BT) ttieat? witon’s 4d) gs ata td A Let \s6! aay aie Wee ela Theta vet ae © dah v4 Sieh ti Ciel i j 4 i j » ATs Pic q ot i .@ T G a ne ‘ on j - f : : 7 = % i | s ; 7 - ca itn 4 - 4 very Ta < ua lArIVely 8 ne vy ‘ wl 9 1 gL , i proses ¢ i : ‘ vr mts + ; 1 f q ; 4, 4 af ‘ ¢ t- cane 5 > ¥ c™ 4 = é 7 Live “Wy ye , ae ¥ oe - a ; 0 : ; 8 , is ; Bd Wary \ \ - ‘ Via ' 8 ® PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM ON! by the = f] SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 166 Washington: 1956 No. 3365 ——$—$——$—$ A NEW PINECONE FISH, MONOCENTRIS REEDI, FROM CHILE, A NEW FAMILY RECORD FOR THE EASTERN PACIFIC By Lreonarp P. Scuuuttz Dr. Edwyn P. Reed ' recently sent to me for identification a photo- graph of, and later at my request the dried specimen of, a pinecone fish of the family Monocentridae taken off the coast of Chile in the Juan Fernindez Islands at a depth of 200 to 250 meters. A photo- graph of the specimen was also sent to H. W. Fowler, who published a note entitled “The Pinecone Fish, Monocentris japonicus (Houttuyn) at Juan Fernandes, Southeast Pacific’ (Fish Culturist, reference below). This unique specimen represents the first record for the family in the eastern Pacific. Upon comparison of the specimen with the three other known species referred to the family, I observed that it differed in several characteristics and represented a new species. The occurrence in the eastern American Pacific of another of the tropical central-western Pacific fauna indicates once more that the eastern Pacific fish fauna is more closely related to that of the Indo- Pacific than formerly supposed. These two faunas have differentiated mostly on the species level and less so at the generic level. 1 Chief of the biological department, Direccién General de Pesca y Caza, Valparaiso, Chile. 377498—56 237 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 105 Monocentris reedi, new species Prars J Monocentris javoricus, Fowler, Fish Culturist (Philadelphia), vol. 34, No. 9, p. 65, fig., May 1955 (Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile). Monocentris, Reed, Inv. Zool. Chilenas, vol. 2, No. 8, p. 131, fig. 1955 (Juan Ferndindez Islands, Chile). Lfotoryre: USNM 164227. A dried specimen 92 mm. in standard length, taken in lobster traps in February 1955 off Mas a Tierra Island, Juan Ferndndez Islands, off the coast of Chile, at depth of 200 to 250 meters by fishermen. Dzscrivtion: The following counts were made: Dorsal rays VLii,10, with a rudiment of a seventh spine; anal i,10; pectoral 11;12--11,12; pelvic L,iii; plates along lateral line from rear of head to base of caudal fin 18 on one side, 19 on the other; plates in a row from soft dorsal origin to lateral line 4, and from anal origin to lateral line (obliquely forward) 4. The details of arrangement of plates are illustrated in the photographs. Certain measurements were made on the holotype, and these are expressed in thousandths of the standard length of 92 mm. as follows: Length of head 392; greatest depth 456; least depth of caudal pe- duncle 92; length of caudal peduncle from base of last anal ray to midbase of caudal fin 174; diameter of eye 130; length of snout 125; maxillaries or distance from tip of snout to rear of maxillary 201; bony interorbital space 120; length of first dorsal spine 102, of longest or second dorsal spine 267; length of pelvic spine 310. See table 1 for counts made on Afonocentris japonicus (Houttuyn) and M. reedi, new species. Discussion: The family Monocentridae has referred to it two venera—Monocentris Bloch and Schneider with Gasterosteus japonicus Houttuyn as genotype, from the western Pacific, and Cleidopus De Vis with C. gloria-maris De Vis as genotype, from Australia. The genus Cleidopus differs from Monocentris in having a patch of vomerine teeth, a luminous organ on each side of the mandible, a very narrow preorbital bone instead of no teeth on the vomer, no luminous organ on the mandible, and a broad preorbital bone. Powell (Rec. Auckland Inst. Mus., vol. 2, p. 151, pl. 36, 1938, type locality Opoutama Beach, 40 miles south of Gisborne, New Zealand) described Cleidopus neozelanicus. He points out that this species is intermediate between Monocentris and Cleidopus. it agrees with Monocentris in having a broad preorbital and no luminous organs on mandible. It agrees with Oleidopus in having vomerine teeth. With this intermediate species, perhaps as Powell suggests, Cleidopus should be referred as a synonym to Monocentris. Anyway, regardless of the generic affinities which I cannot work out because of lack of material, neozelanicus differs from reedi in having vomerine teeth, a PROC. U.S. NAT. MUS. VOL. 106 SsGHUETZ PEATEs! Holotype of Monocentris reedi, new species. NEW PINECONE FISH—SCHULTZ 239 deeper body, and greatest depth 1.6 for neozelanicus and 2.1 or 2.2 for reed. The genus \Monocentris has had up to the present only one species referred to it, namely M. japonicus (Houttuyn). The following named species are synonyms of japonicus: Sciaena japonica (cata- phracta) Thunberg and AMonocentris carinata Bloch and Schneider. TaBLe 1.—Counts recorded for species of Monocentris Number of fin rays = eS a ee 7 Dorsal fin —~! Anal fin soft rays Snecies All rays of pee- Specie: an \ tora | | } | | e Spines | Soft rays | a ee tee be Nf ee he ee Sa i aii. AI l | ] | | \ VI | Vii | ii | J2 | 10 11 | 14 | 15 Saas | nen = ee. | ei Opa Dee pe tS ee pa eee ee ee ee | ! } | M. japonicus | (Houttuyn)--._-- 1} 7 3 10 | 1 | 9 2 | 13 3 M. reedi, new spe- | | 1 { Gies._.--...------ | eo eeeeeneee (ee De senor’ | 1| Dee sese | \ | | | | Total number of gilirakers on first arch | r | eels Ta] Below sngle | g |ansie | os ' — ~ et — ee ee ee Se ere ee eee ji ee I ee ee ee eee ee ee | Sy | ence rch ae eee | ce | | eco | ! i j } } M. japonicus | | | | | | | Houttuyn)__-._-. pele a ah 6 Pts hse arch. eh ae | Pies AM. reedi, new =e | | ; | Glass ee eee al 4) 32 asf oles: Bi cnccttecey peers 2 eee oe | | | | | ! | Number of platas along lateral line Ve “y | | 15 | 16 17 | 18 19 ee ee eee eat peer aPLSSs| [Soe Soe ee | ay | } | M. japonicus | | | 1 (Houttuyn)_.--_- | 1 | Golson Ale ate beeei eee T) | nla ks Soe M., reedi, new spe- | ; | Giesesss ke eee pe | et Ae ee eee | ANS ot ee sede eee es | 1 | 1 Monocentris japonicus differs from MM. reedi in having a deeper body, 1.6 to 1.8 instead of 2.1 to 2.2; gillrakers 12 to 14 on lower part of first gill arch instead of 16; and 14 or 15 plates along lateral line instead of 18 0r19. In addition M. reedi appears to have a more slender caudal peduncle than IM. japonicus. Because of the dried condition of the type and the tips of all soft fin rays having been broken off, it is not possible to compare with accuracy many possible measurements. When more specimens become available a more detailed study is needed, but this short description brings to the attention of ichthy- ologists a remarkable discovery in the eastern Pacific. I take great pleasure in naming this rare species in honor of Dr. Edwyn P. Reed, who brought it to my attention and who deposited the holotype in the U.S. National Museum. U. S. 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Tah Yo@uesk dior egies oF oldiazogq ef gbrl> Tolatuly oma, a ofialiavs sctsesd cosminpqs ambi cod Tl Bel Hoiteowe oil) Ot eonkd sotlqieah trols atdt dod bobsea é iB uoolees ot ni trevor} sidediamoet 1 etemolo FL tie sound wi eons vo eal Seige a oneaale Seema, ones I hatizoqeh ocve bre voi sila vared i eras oly boosh ogahet ash/ danoiisv, 2 7 ot at sqgtolod ant = * PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM AX SY NO i Nexon ey SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 106 Washington: 1956 No. 3371 EMENDED DESCRIPTION AND ASSIGNMENT TO THE NEW GENUS RONALEA OF THE IDOTHEID ISOPOD ERICHSONELLA PSEUDOCULATA BOONE By Rosperr J. Menzies and Taomas E. Bowman In 1923 Boone described a new species of idotheid isopod from San Pedro, Calif., under the name Erichsonella pseudoculata. Boone’s single specimen was a male. More recently a second specimen, this time a female, was collected from Phyllospadiz at La Jolla, Calif. In all known species of Hrichsonella the abdomen is unisegmental, without partial sutures at the base. Boone’s species, although otherwise fitting nicely into Erichsonella, has partial sutures at the base of the abdomen. We are therefore faced with the alternatives of expanding the definition of Hrichsonella or erecting a new genus for pseudoculata. Since the number of partial or complete sutures at the abdominal base appears to be constant at the generic level in idotheid isopods, we have elected to establish a new genus, Ronalea, for Boone’s species. In the genus Husymmerus Richardson (1889, p. 852) the abdomen also has one partial suture at its base, but it differs from the new genus in that the coxal plates, visible in dorsal view, are separated only in pereion segments 6 and 7. In Ronalea the coxal plates are separated in pereion segments 2—7 as in Erichsonella, but are visible in dorsal view only in segments 5-7. Moreover, the general body 386750—56 339 340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 conformation of Eusymmerus, with the evenly rounded lateral margins of the pereion and pleon, stands in contrast to the irregular nature of these margins in the narrower and less dorsoventrally flattened Ronalea and Erichsonella. Boone’s description, although detailed, contains a few misleading statements. Although it was stated in her paper that her EHrichson- ella pseudoculata and other isopods described therein would ‘‘be more fully discussed and illustrated in a forthcoming monograph,’’ this monograph has not appeared. We are therefore providing illustra- tions of taxonomically important details and an emended description of Boone’s species. Ronalea, new genus Dracnosts: Body narrow; lateral margins of pereion and pleon irregular. Flagellum of antenna 2 uniarticulate. Palp of maxilliped composed of four segments. Coxal plates distinct from the segments in pereion segments 2-7, visible dorsally in segments 5-7. Abdomen composed of a single segment with a pair of incomplete lateral sutures at the base. Type species, R. pseudoculata (Boone). Ronalea pseudoculata (Boone), new combination Erichsonella pseudoculata Boone, 1923, pp. 154-155. MALE HoLoryPeE: Length 8.2 mm., greatest width at level of perei- onite 1, 2.5 mm., USNM 50420. Frmaue: Oostegites fully developed, length 9.0 mm., greatest width at level of pereionites 3-4, 2.5 mm. Heap: Frontal lamina conical, reaching level of distal end of first segment of antenna 1, tip evenly rounded in female, somewhat obtuse in male. Median frontal margin almost straight. Middle portions of lateral margins produced into rounded lobes, in which the swollen eyes are situated. Dorsum with a conspicuous median bifid tubercle projecting anteriad over the frontal margin. PEREION: Somites without supralateral projections. First somite with anterolateral angles produced into bilobed processes; in the male two pigmented oval areas are present on the lateral parts of the dorsum, hence the specific name given by Boone. Lateral margins of somites 2-5 concave, of somites 6-7 evenly rounded. Each somite with carina on middorsal line; that of somite 1 divided and occupying the length of the somite; those of somites 2-7 single and located near the posterior margins; carinae much more conspicuous in the male. Epimeral plates distinct from pleura in somites 2-7, visible dorsally in somites 5-7; that of somite 5, seen dorsally, quite small and oc- cupying a portion of the middle of the lateral margin; those of somites 6 and 7 well developed and occupying the posterior halves of their somites. IDOTHEID ISOPOD—-MENZIES AND BOWMAN 341 Figure 1.—-Ronalea pseudoculata (Boone): a, male holotype, anterior part of body, dorsal view; b-f, female: b, dorsal view; c, basis of pereiopod 7; d, left uropod, apical segment, inner surface; ¢, perciopod 1, merus, and carpus; f. maxilliped. 342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 PLEeoTeLson: Composed of a single somite, with lateral incisions partially separating a second somite at the base. Greatest width between the posterolateral angles about three-fourths the length. Posterior end terminating in a rounded apex, with concave lateral margins. Central portion of dorsum elevated into a ridge decreasing in height posteriorly. In the male three slight but distinct tubercles are present on this ridge at the base; only the faintest indications of these tubercles are found in the female. Uropod with triangular apical segment, peduncle grooved along free lateral margin and bearing a single plumose seta at distomedial angle. ApprnpaGes: Antenna 1: Composed of four short segments, not five as stated by Boone; first segment very plump, slightly shorter than second and third combined; flagellum bearing a group of fila- mentous setae at the distal end. Antenna 2: Slightly longer than half the length of the body. Peduncle composed of five segments, distal ends of segments 2-4 flaring widely. Flagellum about as long as peduncle segment 4, bearing distally a number of filamentous setae. Mandible: Molar process with edges divided into a few blunt teeth; setal mass formed of densely clumped setae, some very long. Incisor with five teeth; Jacinia mobilis with three teeth. Setal row formed of six spinulate setae. Maxilla 1: Outer lobe bearing 13 stout setae and a single slender plumose seta at the apex. Maxilla 2: Composed of two lappets; outer lappet bilobed, bearing seven and six comblike setae on the outer and inner lobes respectively ; inner lappet with 10 setae at the apex. Maxilliped: Palp of four segments; endognath with a single coupling hook. Pereiopods: Dactyls biunguiculate. Pereiopod 1 bearing a single row of about 10 comblike setae on medial surface of propodus near posterior margin. Basipods of pereiopods 2-7 bearing two pairs of bosses armed with short spines. Penis: Consists of two plates, concealed by the uropods. Cotor: After 38 years in alcohol, the male is without pigmentation except in the eyes and in the previously mentioned areas of perion somite 1, which Boone called “false eyes.” The female is pigmented more or less uniformly brownish black (in alcohol) over the entire dorsal surface; no “false eyes’”’ are evident. Locauities: The holotype was collected by E. P. Chace on Oct. 17, 1917, at San Pedro, Calif., from near the foot of the breakwater. The female was collected by R. J. Menzies on Aug. 2, 1942, at La Jolla, Calif., from eel grass (Phyllospadiz). . IDOTHEID ISOPOD—-MENZIES AND BOWMAN 343 Literature cited Boone, Pearl Lee 1923. New marine tanaid and isopod Crustacea from California. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 36, pp. 147-156. Richardson, Harriet B. 1889. Key to the isopods of the Pacific Coast of North America, with descriptions of twenty-two new species. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, pp. 815-869, 34 figs. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956 1 cise t oop ale te eas 7 oe mes Sot aa oe - as =i ws 2 7 » 8606 @ '& 896 . a) a eee a PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 106 Washington : 1956 No. 3372 OBSERVATIONS ON THE AMPHIPOD GENUS PARHYALE By CLareEnceE R. SHOEMAKER The genus Parhyale was created by T. R. R. Stebbing in 1897 for an amphipod taken at St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, because it differed from Hyale by the possession of a minute inner ramus to the third uropod, a character which had not been noted in any member of the Talitridae. This inner ramus having been overlooked by all students of the Amphipoda, the species of Parhyale had been assigned to Hyale or Allorchestes. Stebbing described and figured the species Parhyale fasciger (later changing the name to fascigera) from St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. In 1853 James D. Dana described a species Allor- chestes hawaiensis from Maui, Hawaiian Islands, and figured it in 1855. He did not, however, describe or figure the small inner ramus to the third uropod which this species possesses. Stebbing (1906, p. 573) transferred Dana’s species to Hyale, but gave it doubtful specific status. Dr. A. Schellenberg (1938, p. 66) correctly identified specimens of this species from Hawaii, but continued to place the species in Hyale. Parhyale kurilensis was described by Masao Iwasa (1934, p. 1) from specimens taken in the Kurile Islands. A. N. Derjavin (1937, p. 106) made Iwasa’s species a synonym of Brandt’s species Allor- chestes ochotensis, which was made the genotype of a new genus Parallorchestes by Shoemaker (1941, p. 183). Derjavin at the same time transferred Brandt’s species to Parhyale, making it Parhyale 386751—56 345 346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 ochotensis. Parhyale zibellina described by Derjavin (1937, p. 109) from the Soviet coast of the Sea of Japan appears to belong to the genus Parallorchestes. The genus Hyaloides created by Schellenberg (1939, p. 126) for specimens from Banana, Belgian Congo, differs from Parhyale only by the lobe of the fifth joint of the second gnathopod of the male. As this lobe is present only in the males of Parhyale fascigera and P. hawaiensis which are not fully mature, and is entirely lost in the fully mature males, Hyaloides becomes a synonym of Parhyale. ‘This lobe is present also in the not fully mature males of many species of Hyale, but is lost by full maturity. The following combination of characters separates Parhyale from Hyale: Antenna 1 reaching well beyond the peduncle of antenna 2; antenna 2 rather long with many-jointed flagellum; maxilliped with a dense brush of spines or setae at the apex of the third joint of the palp. Uropod 3 with small inner ramus; telson cleft to base; seventh joint of all peraeopods short, curved only at the nail, and bearing a stout seta on inner margin. The female is like the male except in the gnathopods, which are slender and weaker. Up to the present time two species of Parhyale have been described, P. fascigera Stebbing and P. hawaiensis (Dana). They are widely dis- tributed in the warmer waters of the bays and estuaries of the globe, and have been described at times as species of Hyale. Parhyale fascigera Stebbing Figures 1, 2,a-f Parhyale fasciger Stebbing 1897, p. 26, pl. 6. Parhyale fascigera Stebbing 1906, p. 556. Hyale brevipes Shoemaker 1933, p. 18, figs. 10, 11. Hyale hawaiensis Shoemaker 1942, p. 18. Stebbing’s description and figures are good, though they appear to be of somewhat smaller specimens than have been used for the present description and figures. Mate: Head nearly as long as the first two body segments com- bined. Eye more or less pyriform, and dark brown in alcohol. Anten- na 1: Reaching well beyond the peduncle of antenna 2; flagellum much longer than peduncle and composed of from 11 to 15 joints. Antenna 2: Nearly half as long as the body; fourth and fifth peduncular joints nearly equal in length; flagellum about twice as long as the peduncle and composed of from 15 to 24 joints. Mandible with well-developed molar and toothed cutting edge; spine-row of five or six spines and several plumose setae. Maxilla 1: With rather slender inner plate bearing two apical plumose setae; AMPHIPOD GENUS PARHYALE—SHOEMAKER BL ve Figure 1.—Parhyale fascigera Stebbing. a-f. Male from Martinique, West Indies: a, front end of animal; b, end of gnathopod 1, much enlarged; c, gnathopod 2, immature; d, peraeopod 5. ¢,f, Female from Martinique, West Indies: ¢, gnathopod 1; f, gnathopod 2. 348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 outer plate armed with nine serrate spine-teeth ; palp not reaching end of outer plate and bearing one apical plumose seta. Maxilla 2: Inner plate shorter than the outer and both well armed distally with long slender spines. Maxilliped: Inner plate rather long, reaching to the middle of the outer plate, and armed distally with three teeth and the usual plumose spines or setae; outer plate shorter than the inner, reaching to the middle of the second joint of the palp and armed on the inner margin and rounding extremity with submarginal spines; palp short and stout, second and third joints widened distally by a lobe on the upper inner margin; fourth joint stout, bearing a row of short spinules on inner margin and a sharp apical nail. The third joint of palp bears distally a dense brush of setae which is characteristic of the genus. Gnathopod 1: Rather stout and strong, second joint widening greatly toward the middle, without lower front lobe, and having several downward-curving spines on the hind margin; fourth joint about three-fourths as long as the fifth, and with lower front corner acute: fifth joint about as long and wide as the sixth, and with a broad rounding lobe below bearing a row of stout spines; sixth joint longer than wide, widest at the palmar angle, and bearing a row of forward-pointing spines on the distal hind margin; palm oblique, nearly straight, armed throughout with short spines, bearing a stout spine on the outside near the middle and a smaller spine on the inside below the defining angle; on the rounding defining angle is a slightly raised curved area thickly studded with fine rasplike teeth upon which the end of the seventh joint rests (fig. 2,a@); seventh joint stout, aquiline, fitting palm, and bearing a row of spinules on inner margin. Gnathopod 2: Much larger and stronger than 1, second joint not much expanded, lower front corner roundingly quadrate, but not produced downward, and hind margin bearing a few short downward- curviag spines; third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints as shown in fig. 2b; fifth joint without lower lobe in fully mature males; sixth joint broadly oval, hind margin about as long as palm and bearing one or two groups of short spinules; palm very oblique, slightly convex, armed throughout with short spines, and defined by a slight protuber- ance on the inside of which is a shallow depression or pocket bearing two or three short spines; seventh joint rather strong, fitting palm with the apex resting in the shallow pocket on the inside of the de- fining angle (fig. 2,5). In the younger or not fully mature males the fifth joint of gnathopod 2 is produced into a narrow curving lobe between the fourth and sixth joints (fig. 1,e). Peracopods 1 and 2 are alike in structure, but 2 a little the shorter (fig. 2,c). Peraeopod 3 about equal in length to peraeopod 1. Peraeo- pods 3 to 5 much alike in structure, but 4 may be a little longer than AMPHIPOD GENUS PARHYALE—SHOEMAKER 349 Figure 2.—a-f, Parhyale fascigera Stebbing, male from St. Croix, Virgin Islands: a, Gnathopod 1; b, gnathopod 2; ¢, peraeopod 2; d, peraeopod 3; ¢, peraeopod 4; f, peraeopod 5. g-t, Parhyale fascigera penicillata, new subspecies, male: g, antenna 2; A, gnathopod 1; 1, second and third joints of gnathopod 2. 350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 106 5 (fig. 2,d-f). The hind margin of the sixth joint of peraeopods 3 to 5 does not bear spines except at the distal end. Metasome segments 2 and 3 with lower hind corner quadrate, or a little less than a right angle in some specimens. Uropod 1 projects farther back than 2, and 2 farther than 3. Uropod 1: Peduncle a little longer than the subequal rami, armed on upper outer margin with three or four spines and an apical stouter spine; outer ramus without marginal spines but armed apically with one long and several shorter spines; inner ramus with three or four marginal spines and several apical spines. Uropod 2: Outer ramus without marginal spines, but with apical spines; inner ramus with two marginal spines and apical spines. Uropod 8: Very short, peduncle not extending beyond the telson and about equal in length to the outer ramus which bears only terminal spines; inner ramus very small and as shown for that of P. hawaiensis (fig. 4,7). The gills are simple. The small vesicle accompanying the gills of the second gnathopod and those of the first four peraeopods referred to by Stebbing (1897, p. 26) could not be found. Stebbing says, “The skin has some minute setules scattered over it,” but these could not be found in any of the specimens studied. Males from the West Indies measure about 9 mm. from the front of the head to the ead of the uropods. Males from the Galapagos Islands measure 10.5 mm. FrmMaLe: The female is much like the male, but with the differences usual in the closely related genus Hyale. The antennae are shorter, and the gnathopods are smaller and weaker (fig. 1,e,f). The marsupial plates are like those of P. hawaiensis (fig. 4,7). In the collection of the U. S. National Museum there are specimens of P. fascigera from Florida; Texas; Jamaica; Haiti; Puerto Rico; St. Croix; Dominica; Martinique; Venezuela; Curagao; and Sabanilla, Colombia; and, from the Pacific, west coast of México; Pert; Juan Fernandez Islands; and Galdpagos Islands. Parhyale fascigera penicillata, new subspecies Figure 2,9-2 This subspecies is much like P. fascigera. Antenna 2 of the male carries two groups of plumose setae on the lower distal end of the fourth joint, and five groups on the lower margin of the fifth joint (fig. 2,9). The sixth joint of the first gnathopod of the male is nar- rower than in typical fascigera, and the large palmar spine is at the defining curve; the seventh joint is short. The second joint of the second gnathopod of the male is without a lobe at the lower front AMPHIPOD GENUS PARHYALE—SHOEMAKER SDL corner. In uropods 1 and 2 the outer ramus is without lateral spines, but has terminal spines. The female does not have the groups of plumose setae on the lower margin of the fourth and fifth joints of the peduncle of the second antenna. A number of specimens were taken in La Paz Bay, Lower California, on May 2, 1921, by L. G. Rubio. Typrn: A male, USNM 96983, taken in La Paz Bay, Lower Califor- nia, March 2, 1921, by L. G. Rubio. Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana) Fiaures 3, 4 Allorchestes hawaiensis Dana 1853 and 1855, p. 900, pl. 61, figs. 5a-h. Hyale brevipes Chevreux 1901, p. 400, figs. 15-18. Hyale hawaiensis Stebbing 1906, p. 573. Hyale trifoliadens Kunkel 1910, p. 72, fig. 27. Hyale inyacka Barnard 1916, p. 233, pl. 28, fig. 4. Hyale hawaiensis Schellenberg 1938, p. 66, fig. 34. Hyaloides dartevellet Schellenberg 1939, p. 126, figs. 6-10. Parhyale hawaiensis is very much like P. fascigera, but the differences though slight are definite. P. hawaiensis is more spinose than P. fascigera. Matusz: Head not as long as the first two body segments combined. Eye pyriform and light brown in alcohol. Antennae are about the same proportions as in P. fascigera (fig. 3,a); flagellum of antenna 1 with 15 to 17 joints, and that of antenna 2 with 24 to 29 joints. The mouthparts are like those of P. fascigera and are as shown by figures 3,0-f. Some of the most distinguishing characters are in the enathopods. Gnathopod 1: Second joint not quite so much expanded as in P. fascigera; the sixth joint is rather oval and not so suggestive of a triangle; the large spine of the palm of P. fascigera is not present, but is replaced by a smaller spine which is nearer the hind margin of the joint; the spine on the inner side of the defining angle has moved down to the middle of the hind margin of the joint; the raised rasp- ing portion of the defining angle is absent, but the minute rasping teeth are present on the hind margin of the joint just below the de- fining spine (fig. 4,b); the seventh joint fitting palm and more or less quiline as in P. fascigera. Gnathopod 2: Second joint not much expanded, but the lower front corner is produced into a narrow downward-pointing lobe which is very characteristic of this species, as it is present also in the second gnathopod of the female (figs. 3, and 4,7); the front margin of the joint bears a few minute spinules and the hind margin bears several ao PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOL. 108 short downward-curving spines; the following joints are like those of P. fascigera, and are as shown in figure 3,h. Peracopods 1 and 2 much alike but 2 is a little the shorter (figs. 3,7 and 4,d). Peraeopod 3: About as long as peraecopod 2, second joint much expanded, being as wide as long; fourth joint not much ex- panded and little produced downward behind; fifth and sixth joints about equal in length; the front margin of all joints bearing groups of spines (fig. 3,7). Peraeopod 4: Considerably longer than 3, and a little shorter than 5; second joint not as much expanded as either that of 3 or 5, hind margin nearly straight, and with very shallow hind lobe; fourth joint not much expanded and not produced down- ward behind; fifth joint a little shorter than the sixth (figs. 3,k and 4,g). Peraeopod 5: Second joint much expanded, being as wide as long; fourth joint scarcely at all expanded; fifth joint a little shorter than the sixth. Both front and hind margin of sixth joint of peraeo- pods 4 and 5 with groups of spines (fig. 4,9,7). The seventh joint of all peraeopods is short and nearly straight except for the rather sharply upward-curving nail (fig. 4,e,,7). This dactyl is very char- acteristic of P. fascigera and P. hawaiensis. All peraeopods are rather short, as was noticed by Chevreux when he described Hyale brevipes from the Sechelles Islands. Metasome segments 2 and 3 with lower hind corner about quadrate or less than a right angle and not produced. Urosome segments 2 and 3 very narrow, not showing at all dorsally. Uropod 1 extending back farther than 2, and 2 farther than 3. Uropod 1: Peduncle longer than rami; upper outer margin bearing four to six spines besides the stout terminal spine, inner margin with about four spines; rami subequal in length, outer ramus with one to three marginal spines and a terminal group; inner ramus with spine arrangement same as that of outer ramus. Uropod 2: Peduncle equal to or a little longer than the rami, the outer of which is perhaps a little the shorter; peduncle with a few marginal spines; outer ramus with one or two marginal spines and a group of terminal spines; inner ramus with two or three marginal spines and terminal group. Uropod 3: Peduncle about equal in length to the outer ramus and reaching to about the end of the telson (figs. 4,4,n), inner ramus very small and bearing an apical spinule (fig. 4,n). Telson cleft to base with lobes widely gaping (fig. 3,7). Coxal plate 1 is expanded below and produced forward as shown in figure 4,a. Coxal plates 2 to 4 are broadly and evenly rounding below. The gills of gnathopod 2 and those of peraeopods 1 to 4 are simple, as are those of P. fascigera. P. hawaiensis does not have minute setules scattered over the body integument which are said by AMPHIPOD GENUS PARHYALE—SHOEMAKER 353 Figure 3.—Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana), male from Fort Jefferson, Tortugas, Fla.: a, head and antennae; b, mandible; c, maxilla 1; d, maxilla 2; ¢, right maxilliped; f, lower lip; g, gnathopod 1; A, gnathopod 2; i, peraeopod 2; 7, peraeopod 3; k, peraeopod 4; /, peraeo- pod 5; m, rear end of animal; », telson. 354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Stebbing to be present in P. fascigera. Males from Ecuador reach a length of 11 mm., and males from Fort Jefferson, Tortugas, Fla., 12 mm. Frmaue: The female is much like the male except in the gnatho- pods. Gnathopod 1: More slender than in the male; second joint about as long as the fifth and sixth joints combined and with a small rounding lobe on the lower front margin; fifth joint shorter than sixth, with a rounding lower lobe; sixth joint not quite twice as long as wide, hind margin with a row of spines; palm not as oblique as in the male, convex, with a row of four or five curved spines interspersed with more numerous shorter spines, below which are four or five groups of long spines, defining angle evenly rounding with a stout spine on the outside and one on the inside, and bearing a very few of the minute rasping teeth like those of the male; seventh joint not so aquiline as in the male, fitting palm, bearing three spinules on the inner margin and two longer ones near apex (fig. 4,0,p). Gnathopod 2: Stouter than 1; second joint equal in length to the fifth and sixth joints combined, widening distally with the lower front margin produced downward into a more or less triangular lobe, which is somewhat more prominent than that of the second gnathopod of the male; fourth joint produced forward below; fifth joint about two-thirds as long as sixth; sixth joint about one-third longer than wide and widest in the middle, bind margin about as long as palm, slightly bulging in the middle and bearing a row of long spines; palm quite oblique, slightly convex, armed with four or five curved spines and a row of more numerous shorter spines below which are five groups of long spines, defined by two stout spines, and merging into the hind margin by an evenly rounding curve; seventh joint fitting palm and bearing six spinules on inner margin and two or three longer ones near the apex. The marsupial plates are drawn out into a long narrow apex and densely fringed with rather short setae (fig. 4,7). Cheveux (1901, p. 401, fig. 17) shows this character for Hyale brevipes. Females from Hawaii measure 7 mm.; those from the Galdépagos Islands, 8.5 mm. As all of Dana’s types have been destroyed, a neotype is here being designated. Neorypse: A male, USNM 96984, from the Waikiki Manzine Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii, taken by G. S. Mansfield on Apr. 24, 1942. There has been considerable confusion as to the status of these two species of Parhyale. Dr. K. Stephensen (1948, p. 6) appears to have been the first to have noted the characters which distinguish AMPHIPOD GENUS PARHYALE—SHOEMAKER Soo [x oN iS B/ Figure 4.—Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana) from Johnston Island, Oceanica. Male, a-n: a, front end of animal; b, gnathopod 1; c, gnathopod 2; d, peraeopod 2; e, seventh joint of peraeopod 2; f, peraeopod 3; g, peraeopod 4; h, peraeopod 5; 7, rear margin of second joint of peraeopod 5; 7, end of sixth joint and seventh joint of peraeopod 5; k, rear end of animal; /, m, second and third metasome segments; n, telson. Female, o-r: 0, gnathopod 1; p, end of gnathopod 1 enlarged; g, gnathopod 2; 7, gnathopod 2 showing marsupial plate. 356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 them. He, however, did not know that Hyale inyacka Barnard was a synonym of Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana), as he had never seen the latter species. The literature has been examined and in many cases it has been impossible to determine which of these two species is being dealt with, as the distinguishing characters have not been mentioned or figured. The following identifications should have been P. fascigera: Hyale brevipes, Shoemaker (1933, p. 18, figs. 10-11) ; Hyale hawaiensis, Shoemaker (1942, p. 18). The following identifications should have been P. hawaiensis: Hyale aquilina, Della Valle (1893, p. 523, pl. 16, figs. 43-47); Hyale brevipes, Chevreux (1901, p. 400, figs. 15-18); Hyale nilssoni, Walker (1905, p. 925, figs. 140-1); Hyale prevosti, Kunkel (1910, p. 66, fig. 25); Hyale pontica, Kunkel (1910, p. 69, fig. 26); Allorchestes aquilina, Chevreux (1911, p. 240, pl. 16, figs. 20-25) ; Hyale prevostir, Shoemaker (1920, p. 378); Hyale brevipes, Chilton (1921, p. 545, fig. 99); Hyale inyacka, Chevreux (1925, p. 370, fig. 17); Hyale inyacka, Stephensen (1933, p. 441, figs. 3, 4); Parhyale fasciger, Fage and Monod (1936, p. 105); Parhyale inyacka, Barnard (1940, p. 472); Parhyale inyacka, Stephensen (1948, p. 6); Hyale hawaiensis, Ruffo (1950, p. 57). In the collection of the U. S. National Museum there are specimens of Parhyale hawaiensis from: ATLANTIC OcEAN: Curacao; Bonaire; Venezuela; Brazil; Dominica; St. Croix; Puerto Rico; Haiti; Colombia; Texas; Florida; North Carolina; Bermuda; and Belgian Congo. Paciric OcrAN: Lower California; Costa Rica; Panamaé; Ecuador; Hawaii; Galdipagos Island; Johnston Island, Oceanica; New South Wales; and India. Remarks: Amphithoe aquilina Costa (1857, p. 202, pl. 2, fig. 7) was described from the Mediterranean, and transferred by Stebbing (1906, p. 565) to Hyale. Chevreux and Fage (1925, p. 289, figs. 300, 301) figured it and placed it in Allorchestes because of the lobe of the fifth joint of the second gnathopod of the male. Their figures are strongly suggestive of Parhyale: The gnathopods and first uropod are much like those of P. hawaiensis, but the sixth joint of the fourth and fifth peraeopods does not bear spines on hind margin, which would indicate P. fascigera, and thefifth joint of the second gnathopod of the male (fig. 301 gn 2) bears a narrow lower lobe, but their speci- men may not have been fully mature. The third uropod does not show a second ramus, but it could easily have been overlooked. Hyale gracilis Iwasa (1939, p. 282, text-fig. 19, pl. 19) is strongly suggestive of Parhyale hawaiensis. James D. Dana (1853 and 1855) described and figured Allorchestes gracilis from Tongatabu, and Stebbing (1906, p. 572) transferred it to Hyale. Iwasa’s name is therefore preoccupied, and I suggest the name Hyale wasai for it. AMPHIPOD GENUS PARHYALE—SHOEMAKER 357 Hyale stolzmanni described by A. Wrzesniowski (1879, p. 201) from the coast of Pertti is probably a synonym of Parhyale hawaiensis, which species has been taken on the coast of Ecuador. He does not describe any of the essential characters and no figures are given, but his description, as far as it goes, applies to Parhyale hawaiensis. Literature cited Barnarp, K. H. 1916. Contribution to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. 5. The Amphi- poda. Ann. South African Mus., vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 105-302, 3 pls. 1940. Contribution to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. 12. Further additions to the Tanaidacea, Isopoda and Amphipoda, together with keys for the identification of hitherto recorded marine and fresh- water species, vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 381-548, 35 figs. CHEVREUX, EpOUARD 1901. Mission scientifique de Ch. Alluaud aux Iles Séchelles. Crustacés amphipodes. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 14, pp. 388-438, 65 figs. 1911. Campagnes de la Melita. Les amphipodes d’Algérie et de Tunisie, vol. 23, pp. 145-285, 17 figs., 15 pls. 1925. Voyage de la goélette Melita aux Canaries et au Sénégal 1889-1890. Amphipodes. I.-Gammariens. Bull, Soc. Zool. France, vol. 50, No. 10, pp. 365-398, 23 figs. CHEVREUX, Epovuarp, AND Faar, Louris 1925. Faune de France. 9. Amphipodes, 488 pp. 488 figs. CHILTON, CHARLES 1921. Fauna of the Chilka Lake. Amphipoda. Mem. Indian Mus. Calcutta, vol. 5, pp. 521-557, 12 figs. Costa, A. 1857. Ricerche sui crostacei amfipodi del Regno de Napoli. Mem. Real Accademia Scienze di Napoli, vol. 1, fase. 2 [1858], pp. 165-235, 4 pls. Dana, J. D. 1853 & 1855. United States exploring expedition during the years 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S. N., vol. 14, No. 2. Crustacea, Amphipoda, pp. 805-1018 (1853), 16 pls. (1855). Deuua VALLE, A. 1893. Gammarini del Golfo di Napoli. Fauna und flora des Golfes von Neapel, Monogr. 20, 948 pp., 61 pls. Dersavin, A. N. 1937. Talitridae of the Soviet Coast of Japanese Sea. Service Hydro- meteorolog., U. R. 8. 8. Explorations des Mers de U. R. 8S. S., fase. 23, pp. 106-112, 6 pls. Faaca, L. AnD Monon, Tu. 1936. La faune marine du Jameo de Aqua, lac souterrain de l’ile Lanzarote (Canaries). Arch. Zool. Exp., vol. 78, pp. 97-113. Iwasa, Masao 1934. A new amphipod (Parhyale kurilensis, n. sp.) from Urup. Journ. Fac. Sei., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., ser. 6, zoology, vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-7, 1 text-fig., 2 pls. 1939. Japanese Talitridae. Journ. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., ser. 6 zoology, vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 255-296, 27 text-figs., 14 pls. ? 358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 KuNKEL, B. W. 1910. The Amphipoda of Bermuda. Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 16, 116 pp., 43 figs. Rurro, SANDRO 1950. Anfipodi Venezuela raccolti dal G. Mareuzzi. 22 Studi sui crostacei anfipodi. Mem. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Verona, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 49-65, 5 figs. SCHELLENBERG, A. 1938. Litorale amphipoden des tropischen Pazifiks. Handl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., ser. 3, vol. 16, No. 6, 105 pp, 48 figs. 1939. Amphipoden des Kongo-Mundungsgebietes. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afri- caines, vol. 32, fasc. 1, pp. 122-138, 29 figs. SHOEMAKER, C. R. 1920. Amphipods collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition 1909-1915. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 438, art. 7, pp. 371- 378. 1933. Amphipods from Florida and the West Indies. Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 598, 24 pp., 13 figs. 1941. A new genus and a new species of Amphipoda from the Pacific coast of North America. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 54, pp. 183-186. 1942. Amphipod crustaceans collected on the Presidential Cruise of 1938. Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 101, No. 11, pp. 1-52, 17 figs. Stespsine, T. R. R. 1897. Amphipoda from the Copenhagen Museum and other sources. ‘Trans. Linn. Soc., London, ser. 2, Zool., vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 25-45, 9 pls. 1906. Das Tierreich. Amphipoda. I. Gammaridea. xxxix + 806 pp., 127 figs. STEPHENSEN, K. 1933. Amphipoda from the marine salines of Bonaire and Curagao. Zool. Jahrb., vol. 64, Nos. 3-5, pp. 437-446, 4 figs. 1948. Amphipods from Curagao, Bonaire, Aruba, and Margarita. Studies on the fauna of Curagao, Aruba, Bonaire and the Venezuelan Islands, vol. 3, No. 11, 20 pp., 3 figs. WALKER, A. O. 1905. Marine crustaceans. XVI. Amphipoda. The fauna and geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, vol. 2, suppl. 1, pp. 923-932, 3 text-figs. WrzksniowskI, A. 1879. Vorléufige Mittheilungen tiber einige Amphipoden. Zool. Anz., vol. 2, pp. 199-202. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956 PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 106 Washington : 1956 No. 3373 A REVISION OF THE ACROCERID FLIES OF THE GENUS PIALEA ERICHSON WITH A DISCUSSION OF THEIR SEXUAL DIMORPHISM (DIPTERA) By Evert IJ. Scauincer! While preparing a revision of the family Acroceridae (Cyrtidae) only five specimens of the genus Pialea were located for study, even though more than 6,000 specimens of the family had been borrowed from the various museums throughout the world. Because of the taxonomic confusion caused by the sexual dimorphic trait of this genus, and since specimens are apparently quite rare in collections and not often brought together for study, a revision of Pialea seems in order at this time. I wish to acknowledge aid from the following people, who have contributed specimens and comments for this project: Prof. Max Beier of the Vienna Naturhistorische Museum, Austria; Prof. Willi Hennig of the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Berlin; Dr. S. L. Hora of the Zoological Survey of India in Calcutta, and Mr. Curtis W. Sabrosky, Entomology Research Branch, U. S. Department of Agri- culture. Thanks are also due Dr. R. M. Bohart and Mr. Sabrosky for reviewing the manuscript. The drawings have been prepared by the author. 1 Department of Biological Control, University of California, Riverside, Calif. 359 386752—56 360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 The genus Pialea was described by Erichson (1840) for his new species lomata from Brazil. Westwood (1876) named a second species, lutescens, also from Brazil, but questioned its placement in Pialea because of the difference in the antennal insertion and slight dif- ferences in wing venation. Brunetti (1912) established the third species, auripila, from Burma, and (1926) a fourth species, jardinei, from Ceylon. Thus, four species have been described from four specimens of two different zoogeographical regions. Hunter (1901) and Kertesz (1909) listed lutescens as a synonym of lomata in their catalogs, and Brunetti (1912 p. 474) apparently fol- lowed them without question. How Hunter came to synonymize these species remains a mystery to me. Bezzi (1912, p. 78) attempted to show that these two species were distinct, basing his evidence on a male specimen from Brazil, which he determined as lomata. I have been able to study the female type of lomata, the male type of auripila, and four other specimens representing the three new species herein described. An examination of the type of qauripila revealed that it belongs to a new genus related to Astomella Lamarck. Judging from Brunetti’s description of jardine?, I believe the species belongs to Astomella, rather than to the new genus to include auripila, which will be described in a later work. This transfer now leaves Pialea with only two known species, lomata and lutescens, both from Brazil. SEXUAL DIMORPHISM Sexual dimorphism of Pialea species is readily apparent only in the structure and insertion of the antennae, the longer wing length of the female, and in color patterns as in ecuadorensis, new species. Both color patterns and wing length are sexual differences occurring throughout the family, but I am unaware of this great antennal dimorphism in any other genus of Acroceridae and it may be con- sidered unique for the family. The closely related genus, Stenopialea Speiser (1920, p. 205), may share this trait, but as yet only the male of its single species, beckeri Speiser, is known. The sexual antennal dimorphism that has been studied in Palea may be summarized as follows: Females have their antennae attached to the ventral surface of the antennal tubercle, and thus the antennae point downward throughout their length; the base of the first antennal segment is at or below the mideye height level; the antennal tubercle is typically smaller than in the males (fig. 3,a-c), and the first and third antennal segments are shorter and more conical or rounded than in the males. Males have their antennae attached to the anterior surface of the antennal tubercle and only the terminal segment points ACROCERID FLIES—SCHLINGER 361 downward, while the first two segments project straight forward; the antennal tubercle is large, nearly half as high as eye height, and is placed on the head so that its ventral surface is at or above the mideye height level (figs. 1,b, 3,e); the third antennal segment is longer ard more laterally compressed than in the female, and the first segment is longer along its dorsal than its ventral surface. Another character such as the longer abdomen of the male might also be noted and, if ecuadorensis, new species, is an indication, the color and maculation of the sexes may differ among the species of Pialea; however, this is more likely a specific rather than a generic character. One important and rather unique structure of the anten- nae, which is common to both sexes, is the whole or partial fusion of the first segment of each antenna into a common basal segment (figs. 3,¢,f,4,7, 4,f). This latter feature is apparently shared by Stenopialea beckeri as deduced from the original description. Differences in antennal structure are frequently found between the sexes of species in the brachycerous Diptera, but I have been unable to find mention of any species exhibiting the significant difference of antennal insertion as described above. SYSTEMATICS The genus Pialea is in the subfamily Panopinae, and I believe it to be one of the more primitive genera of Acroceridae. It is more closely related to the still more primitive genus Stenopialea Speiser from South Africa than to its nearest South American relatives, Pialeoidea Westwood and Oenaea Erichson. This would certainly suggest a definite relationship of the two faunas and a wider dis- tribution of Pialea or Stenopialea, or both, sometime in the past. It seems possible that lutescens Westwood and antigua, new species, belong in a distinct genus, tending to fill the gap between Pralea and Stenopialea. However, for lack of sufficient material, these two species bave been included in Pialea. Thus, the genus is redescribed below in its widest sense, and, should it be necessary to narrow its limits in the future, only three of the five known species—capitella, new species; ecuadorensis, new species; and lomata Erichson—would be included in typical Pialea. Genus Pialea Erichson Pialea Erichson, 1840, pp. 160-161, pl. 1, figs. 9, (9)p. Genotypes: Pialea lomata Erichson (type by monotypy). Huan: Extremely small compared to thorax; eyes pilose, in lateral view covering anterior one-third to one-half of head capsule, well separated above and below antennae except in P. capitella (fe-Ic): frontal region either with tubercle or somewhat raised; ocellar tubercle 362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 raised, two lateral ocelli; antennae 3-segmented, segment I of each antenna fused basally or completely fused (fig. 3,¢,h), short, attached to ventral surface (female) or anterior surface (male) of antennal tubercle, inserted well above (male), at, or below mideye height (female), segment II shorter than I, segment IIT long, with or without apical seta, round, or compressed, with concavity along outer margin, pointed or rounded apically; no visible palpi; proboscis minute, when visible not much longer than rounded, rigid proboscis tubercle in front; occiput narrow or wide; pile dense on occiput, eyes, dense or sparse on antennae; frontal region above and below antennae, occiput, proboscis plate, and lower part of sternopleura and meropleura grayish pollinose. THorax: Convex, strongly arched in front, leveled out behind, covered with dense pile except on lower sternopleura and mero- pleura, near base of halter, and on upper anterior side of postalar callosity; humeri separated by less than head width; squama large, narrow or wide; legs well built, tibiae with one (outer) or two (inner and outer) apical spurs, metatarsus extended (fig. 4,e) or compressed (fig. 4,g), three pulvilli, middle one narrowest; wing reaches beyond (female), at, or near tip of abdomen (male), rounded or angled at apex; venation strong; subcosta ends beyond middle of wing, no humeral crossvein, R2:3 incomplete or reaching wing margin, vein Ry, ends at or before wing apex, no radial, cubital, or marginal veins reach wing margin behind Ry, (except possibly in lutescens), and anal axillary vein short, usually not penetrating posterior lobe, four to six posterior cells, only the first and subdiscal ones closed, basal cells nearly even or second basal up to one-third longer, anal cell narrow or widened at apex. ABDOMEN: Compressed dorsoventrally, widest at segment III or IV; six tergites and seven sternites easily visible; genitalia concealed under tergite VII, directed posteriorly, not ventrally; stigmata of at least segments II-IV free, lying in intersegmental membrane, each enclosed by small chitinous ring. Remarks: The first posterior cell is divided near the apex of the discal cell, and in this discussion I have interpreted the upper part as the first posterior cell and the lower part as the second posterior cell. Key to the species of Pialea Erichson 1. Antennae inserted on large tubercle both above mideye height level; wings not extending much beyond tip of abdomen [males]. . . ....... 2 Antennae inserted on small (or large) tubercle, the antennae inserted at or below mideye height level; wings extending beyond tip of abdomen [females] foe 25 eee ee Sh tn aa, ce Le ee ee 2. Wing with, vein: R 9:3 incomplete:;. 2. <3 55 -<.e, wee = ae) ee Se Wing with vein R 243 complete (Brazil). . .. . . . . P. lomata Erichson ACROCERID FLIES—SCHLINGER 363 3. Wing with first and second basal cells of nearly equal length; eyes covering more than one-half of head capsule (Brazil). . . P. capitella, new species Wing with second basal cell about one-third longer than first; eyes covering only one-third of head capsule (Ecuador) . . P. ecuadorensis, new species 4. Wing with anal cell widened at apex, six posterior cells; antennae inserted on large tubercle. . . . . «Oo Wing with anal cell nearly of cial cadth Gheoustiont a poetemes cells; antennae inserted on slightly raised tubercle. . . . . oes eb septs 6 5. Mesonotum yellow with two longitudinal stripes; fifth Tecra cell about one-fifth as wide as long at its widest point (Brazil). P. lutescens Westwood Mesonotum entirely dark brown, without stripes; fifth posterior cell about one-half as wide as long at its widest point (Brazil). P. antiqua, new species 6. Wing with vein R243 incomplete, not reaching wing margin; thorax and abdomen orange with black maculations (Ecuador). P. ecuadorensis, new species Wing with vein R23 complete, reaching wing margin; thorax all black, abdomen dark brown, yellow only on parts of tergites IV-VI (Brazil). P. lomata Erichson Pialea antiqua, new species FiGcures 2,6; 3,gh; 4,c,e Frema.e: Length of entire specimen 9.70 mm.; wing length 8.75 mm. Cotor: Brown and black; head except antennal tubercle, ocelli, proboscis and distal one-fifth of antennal segment III black; remainder of specimen dark brown except tip of antennal segment III, narrow apical margins of tergites I-IV, large apical margin on V and all of VI, which are light brown; halter yellow, wing membrane light brown infuscated, wing veins and squama brownish yellow, pulvilli white. Pits: Yellowish brown, about same density over entire specimen, little thinner on antennae, that on antennal segments, antennal tubercle, tibiae, and tarsi about as long as antennal segment II, that on all other parts about as long as antennal tubercle; dorsal and ventral surfaces of squama with minute pile, squamal margin with normal length pile, but golden. Heap: With well developed antennal tubercle (fig. 3,9); eyes in lateral view covering over one-half of head capsule; segment I of each antenna fused only on basal one-third (fig. 3,2), about twice as long as segment II; segment III long, tapering to point terminating in apical seta, pile on upper outer surface only; ocellar tubercle not well raised; proboscis visible, short, slightly exceeding proboscis tubercle in length (fig. 3,9). Tuorax: Not as strongly arched as in lomata; scutellum wider than long; squama narrow, paper thin, evenly arched in middle, rounded behind; femur of each leg longer than corresponding tibia, tarsi with metatarsi not compressed (fig. 4,e), tibial spur on each leg about as 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 2.0 mm ie Ge Way ye Ficure 1.—Pialea capitella, new species: 4, lateral view of body; }, lateral view of head; HR Be & Kt {eo anterior view of head; d,'dorsal view of body. ACROCERID FLIES—SCHLINGER 365 long as tarsal segment IV; wing with six posterior cells, anal vein widened apically, m crossvein 2% times r-m crossvein. ABDOMEN: Long, narrow, somewhat sunken from loss of eggs; stigmata of segments II-VI free in intersegmental membrane. Houoryre: Female: Alto Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, altitude 2,000 meters, March 1941 (R. C. Shannon), USNM 62979. Remarks: There is some question in my mind as to whether this species belongs in Pialea. It is closely related to lutescens, judging from the latter’s description, and shares with it such characters as strong wing venation with a widened anal cell and six posterior cells, the large antennal tubercle, and the same type of antennae, including the weakly fused first segment as figured by Wandolleck (1914, pl. 1, fig. 16) for lutescens. It would be interesting to know if lutescens has the same tarsal structure as antiqua, or whether it is more like lomata. As stated previously, these two species may form a distinct genus, but, in the absence of more material and definite males of both species, it seems better to place lutescens and antiqua in Pialea at present. Pialea lutescens Westwood FIGURE 2,c Piaiea lutescens Westwood, 1876, pp. 513-514, pl. 6, fig. 2 and details.—Bezzi, 1912, p. 78.—Brunetti, 1912, p. 474; 1920, pp. 160-163. I have not examined any specimens of this species, and apparently the only known specimen is the type, which I deduce from Westwood’s drawings to be a female. The characteristic features of lutescens as gleaned from the original Latin description and the figures presented by Wandolleck (1914) are as follows: Entire body clay-yellow, somewhat pubescent; dorsum of thorax more yellowish, with two lateral black vittae; antenna defiexed, last segment somewhat compressed, all segments with some pile; wings with six nearly complete posterior cells, only first and fifth complete, anal cell widened apically. Wandolleck’s (1914, pl. 1, figs. 16, 17; pl. 3, fig. 2) figures of lutescens seem to be more accurate than Westwood’s, as the latter showed slight variation in the wing venation in his two figures of the same specimen. It may be assumed that Wandolleck’s drawings were made from the type, as he had access to the Hope Museum Collec- tion, where the type is now located. This species is related to antiqua as discussed under the latter species. Both of these species appear to be as close to Stenopialea beckeri Speiser from Capeland, South Africa, as to any known Pialea species. The only locality data known for lutescens is ‘ Brazil.” 366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Pialea lomata Erichson Fiaurss 2,a; 3,b; 4,d,f Pialea lomata Erichson, 1840, p. 161, pl. 1, fig. 9, (9)p—Westwood, 1876, p. 513.— Brunetti, 1912, p. 274.—Bezzi, 1912, p. 78. REDESCRIPTION (based on type specimen): FEMALE: Length of en- tire specimen 9.50 mm. wing length 8.80 mm. Cotor: Black, brown, and yellow; head except eyes and antennae, thorax except upper sternopleura, midpteropleura, and coxae dull black; eyes and ocellar tubercle shiny black; antennae, ocelli, halteres, upper sternopteropleura, midpteropleura, tergites I-III, IV except lateral margins and small median spot on V—VI, sternites I-IV except narrow apical margins and V—VI in broad median area, basal two-thirds of femora and tibiae, tarsal segments I and V, and distal two-thirds of tarsal claws dull or partly shiny brown; tergite IV except broad median area, V—-VII except narrow median spot, narrow apical margins of sternites I-IV, lateral and apical margins V-VII, apical one-third of femora and tibiae, knees, tarsal segments II-IV, pulvilli, and basal third tarsal claws dull yellow; wing hyaline, lightly yellow infuscated, veins yellowish brown; squama yellow, shiny, hyaline with brownish yellow margin. Pite: Yellowish white; on eyes, antenna, occiput, femora, tibiae, squama, and tergites except lateral margins about as long as an- tennal segments I and II combined, on thorax, coxae, sternites, lateral abdominal margins about as long as hind tarsal claw; dense on thorax, and apical sternal margins of abdomen, otherwise sparse on abdomen except dorsal lateral margins. Heap: With ocellar tubercle raised; frontal region raised with small antennal tubercle; proboscis concealed behind cone-shaped tubercle; antennae about as long as head height, segment I of each antenna fused except for slight distal fracture, about as long as hind tarsal segment II, antennal segment II short, about half as long as antennal segment I, segment III about as long as eye height, rounded apically, somewhat compressed laterally; eyes nearly evenly separated above and below antennae, a little less below. THorAXx: With scuteJlum hardly wider than long, about one-half width of mesonotum; squama nearly tear-drop shape, transparent, rather flat; femur of each leg about as long as corresponding tibia, each tibial spur about as long as corresponding tarsal segment II, tarsi about as in figure 4,g but basitarsus not quite as expanded dis- tally; wing with five posterior cells, anal cell nearly as long as second basal cell, narrow and straight, arculus crossvein present only between M and Cu, m crossvein about 2% times as long as r-m crossvein. ABDOMEN: Widest at segment III, shaped about as in figure 1,d, somewhat sunken from loss of eggs, except segments V—VI, rigid due ACROCERID FLIES—SCHLINGER 367 AW er ST UN TTT € Wy ST = na Sa TTT < LF ree aT SE SY ET TINEATTY iy, Perry - < ST eye SSE b 2S ——— ; Figure 2.—Wings of four species of Pialea: a, P. lomaia Erichson; 6, P. antiqua, new species; c, P. lutescens Westwood (reconstructed from Wandolleck, 1914, pl. 3, fig. 2), d, P. ecuadorensis, new species, male paratype. 386752—56——2 368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 to structure of genitalia; genitalia missing; stigmata free in interseg- mental membrane of segments II-IV. Remarks: The type female specimen bears the following labels: A white one with ‘“‘Pialea Er.,’”’ a blue-green one with “lomata Er.,” a blue-green one with ‘San Joao del Rey, Sellow,” an orange one with “Type,” and a small white one with the number ‘1247.” The type is in the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Berlin, Germany, and is in very good condition except for missing right front leg, tarsi of leg II and III, apical portion of left wing, and genitalia. The type locality “San Joao del Rey” has been located on different maps, and was also found to be spelled as “San Joao d’El-Rey”’ and “Sao Joao del Rei.” It is a locality about 250 km. northwest of Rio de Janeiro in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two of the three other Brazilian Pialea species have been collected in the same vicinity, i.e., near Rio de Janeiro and near Sao Paulo, thus representing an isolated Brazilian distribution at present, as the other species, lutescens, is recorded only from ‘“‘Brazil.’”’ The new species ecuador- ensis, from Ecuador, hints at a much larger distribution. Erichson (1840) gave an excellent color figure of the whole speci- men of lomata, but his figure of the head (fig. (9)p) gave an erro- neous impression of the antennal insertion by implying a ventral insertion. Bezzi (1912) examined a specimen of Pialea from Sao Paulo and, although he gave no figures, he said the antennae were bare, implanted on a special tubercle which was placed nearer the vertex than the mouth. This indicates he had a male and very probably it was lomata. This species may be more closely related to ecuadorensis than to capitella, judging from the similarity of the basal cells and general cell structure, particularly in the shape of the first posterior cell. However, it has five posterior cells as in capitella. Pialea capitella, new species Fiaures 1,a@ed; 3,7; 4,a Mae: Length of entire specimen 11.25 mm.; wing length 8.40 mm. Cotor: Black, brown, and yellow. Head, except antennal seg- ments IT and III, black; antennal segments II, II] except upper inner basal third, thorax except sternopleura and meropleura, legs except knees, pulvilli and basal third of tarsal claw, squama, wing veins, sternites I-VIT except along narrow apical margins, tergites I-III, and tergites IV-VI in broad median quadrangular area (fig. 1,d) dark brown; upper inner basal third of antennal segment III, pulvilh, basal third of tarsal claws, lateral margins of tergites IV-VI, and wing membrane brownish yellow. ACROCERID FLIES—SCHLINGER 369 fU MN OU, | LOMm™m™ Figure 3.—Heads of four species of Pialea. P. ecuadorensis, new species: a, female, lateral view; c, same, anterior view; d, male, anterior view; ¢, same, lateral view; f, same, dorsal view. P.lomata Erichson: b, lateral view. P. antiqua, new species: g, lateral view; A, anterior view. P. capitella, new species: 1, dorsal view. 370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 106 Pinte: Yellowish brown; on eyes, occiput, mesonotum, mesopleura, scutellum, and tergite I about as long as antennal segment I, that on abdomen much shorter, concolorous with ground color, about one-half as long as rest of pile; yellowish white on legs, propleura, upper sternopleura, meropleura, and squama. Heap: With ocellar tubercle clevated; antennal tubercle large (fiz. 1,2); proboscis concealed behind cone-shaped tubercle; antennae much longer than head height, segment I of each antenna fused on basal half, shining, apilose, produced above over segment IT, about as long as eye width, segment IT about half as long as I, covered with short, sparse hairs, segment HII longer than head height, concave in outer median area, concave region with few scattered hairs. Trorax: Well arched in front; scutellum little wider than long; squama greatly expanded behind near thorax, opaque, curved sharply along distal inner margin; femora progressively longer from first to third, cach longer and in same proportion to tibiae I-IIT; each tibia with two (inner and outer) subequal spurs, each spur nearly as long as corresponding tarsal segment Il; metatarsus about as in figure 4,9, but a little longer, length of segments II-IV equals distitarsus, basitarsus not as expanded distally; wing with five posterior cells, fourth not bounded basally by second basal cell,vein R2;3 incomplete, not reaching wing margin, vein R, swinging upward near apex causing narrowed submarginal region, anal cell narrow, about as long as second basal cell, basal cells nearly equal length, m crossvein about three times r-m crossvein. Anpomen: Rather compressed dorsoventrally, flattened beneath, slightly convex above, tergite I cleft medially, well raised along pos- terior margin; stigmata free in intersegmental membrane of seg- ments JI-IV; genitalia not examined, broken off inside specimen. Honoryvrs: Male; Cantarera, near Sio Paulo, Brazil (Wettstein Brazil Expedition, 1891). The type will be deposited in the Vienna Natvurhistorische Museum, Austria. Remarks: The characteristic incomplete vein Ro; of capiiella shows a relationship to ecuadorensis, but whether this is a factor of relative or convergent evolution is not determined. Such other characteristics as two tibial spurs and the larger eyes causing a different shaped head capsule are distinctions which suggest a more distant relationship. This species is probably closer to lomaia, as discussed under the latter. Also, the character of the two equal-length basal cells in capitella is unique for the genus, and it therefore seems that this species has no known close relative. The name eapitella refers to the minute head, which is also a charac- ter of Pialea. ACROCERID FLIES SCHLINGER 371 Ficure 4.—a-d, Left squama, viewed from above in flat plane, of: a, Pialea capitella, new species; b, P. ecuadorensis, new species, female; c, P. antiqua, new species; d, P. lomata Erichson. ¢, P. antigua, new species, hind tibia and tarsus viewed from outer side; f, P. lomata Erichson, head and thorax, anterior view; g-t, P. ecuadorensis, new species, female: g, hind tibia and tarsus viewed from outer side; h, mesonotum and scutellum, dorsal view; 1, abdomen, dorsal view. 5) Be PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Pialea ecuadorensis, new species FicureEs 2,d; 3,a,c-f; 4,b,g-7 Frmate: Length of entire specimen 7.25 mm.: wing length 7.25 mm. Cotor: Orange, black, and brown; head except antennal segments II-III, pleurae except small spot on upper mesopleura, mesonotum except anterior angle and lateral margin (fig. 4,4), and halter except extreme base dull black; antennal segments II-III, coxae, basal two-thirds femur II, tibia II, femur, tibia, and basitarsus leg III, sternites I-V, tergite I, lateral margins and median triangular areas of tergites II-V (fig. 4,7), cerci, and stronger wing veins dark brown; anterior angle and lateral margin of mesonotum, proepisternum, small spot on upper mesopleura, spot at upper junction of sternopleura and meropleura, postalar callosity, scutellum, and remainder of abdomen orange; wing membrane faintly browned, squama light brown with yellowish brown margin, pulvilli light brown. Pine: Golden yellow. Dense on eyes, occiput, thorax, squama, abdomen, and legs except tarsi; that on head about as long as antennal segments I-II combined, that on thorax about as long as antennal segment IIT, that on abdomen sparse, longer than on thorax, intermixed with dark brown hairs, particularly along posterior margins of tergites I-IV, that on sternites without brown hairs, that on tarsi quite short, appressed; hind tibia with dark brown and black pile, that on antennal segments II-III short, lightly brownish yellow, pilose. Heap: With ocellar tubercle a point; frontal region only slightly raised, antennal tubercle minute; proboscis hardly visible underneath small proboscis tubercle; antenna little shorter than head height, segment I of each antenna completely fused, about as long as hind tarsal segments III-IV, segment II about half as long as I, round, segment III about three-fourths eye height, rounded apically, com- pressed laterally ; eyes occupy anterior third of head capsule, separated a little more below than above antennae. THorax: Maculated (fig. 4,4); scutellum much wider than long; squama nearly straight behind, narrow, nearly opaque, almost flat; femur and tibia of each leg nearly equal in length, tibial spur about as long as corresponding tarsal segment II, metatarsus compressed (fig. 4,9); wing as in figure 2,d except no crossvein present in first posterior cell, and third posterior cell (subdiscal) divided near apex (right wing only); four posterior cells, anal vein narrow, vein Ro43 incomplete, not reaching wing margin, faint, inserted slightly posterior to r-m crossvein, m crossvein about five times r-m crossvein. Axspomen: Short, a little longer than thorax, widest at segment III, maculated (fig. 4,7), somewhat sunken from loss of eggs, except segments V—VI, rigid due to structure of genitalia. ACROCERID FLIES—SCHLINGER oto Maur: Length of entire specimen 8.75 mm.; wing length 6.60 mm. As described for female except as follows: Cotor: Black and brown; head except antennal segment II, pleurites except spots between sternopleura, meropleura, and meso- pleura, mesonotum except faintly lightened anterior lateral angle, halter, scutellum, and tergites II-V dull black; antennal segment IT, spots around sternopleura, anterior lateral angle of mesonotum, tergites I and VI, sternites I-VII, legs, and strong wing veins dark brown; no orange coloration. Prue: Same as in female except that on head about as long as male antennal segment II, that on thorax about as long as male antennal segments I-II combined; pile on abdomen distinctly different, being bicolored, yellowish white and brown; on tergite I-II brown except yellowish white near midline, tergite III all brown, tergite IV brown except yellowish white at lateral margins; tergite V has a little brown along base, otherwise yellowish white; tergite VI all yellowish white; all abdominal pile about as long as thoracic pile except that on middle and margins of tergite II, long, nearly as long as front basitarsus. Heap: With large antennal tubercle placed above mideye height; antennal segment I twice as long, but completely fused, as in female, segment II twice as long in ventral as in dorsal view, much as in capitella (fig. 1,6), segment IIT missing. TuHorax: Not maculated, mesonotum slightly lighter colored along anterior and lateral angle; wing as in figure 3,a except in left wing no crossvein in first posterior cell. AsBpoMEN: Longer than thorax, rigid, stigmata as in figure 1,q@; genitalia missing. Houoryre: Female; Calacali, Ecuador, altitude 2,800 meters, 1937 (F. Campos R.), USNM 62980. Paratype: Male: Same data as holotype, also in USNM. Remarks: The type specimens of this species were collected in the same place in Ecuador by the same man, and presumably on the same date. It has therefore been assumed that the two specimens represent the two sexes of the same species, and it is largely on this evidence that the generic concept taken by the author has been set forth. Since this is the only species of Pialea with both sexes adequately described (see discussion under lomata), the sexual difference in color compli- cates the matter even further. However, on the basis of wing vena- tion and other shared characters, there seems little doubt that the association made in ecuadorensis is correct and not a combination of the sexes representing two species or even two genera. This species extends the distribution of Pialea several thousand miles from Brazil and yet, of all the species known to me, it is prob- 374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 ably closer to Jomata than any other. It is, however, easily distin- guished from /omata in its wing venation. Due to the rather poor chances of these acrocerids crossing the high Andean range in Pert, Ecuador, and Colombia, it may be that further species will be ob- tained in Venezuela and Colombia, and that the extent of the pre- sumably tropical genus has or had a circum-Andean distribution in the north. As to the validity of the locality data for ecualorensis I have no doubt, as Sefior Campos has collected for many years in Ecuador. Cole’s endemic Ecuadorian genus, Camposella, was named for this collector. It should be pointed out that the wing venation as shown in figure 3,@ is atypical in one sense—the crossvein in the first posterior cell is adventitious and does not occur in the left wing of the male or in either wing of the female holotype. The right wing of the male was drawn only because it was in better condition for study. I have made the female the holotype of this species since it is as surely a Pialea as lomata. It is of course possible, though not at all probable, that the males described in this work represent another genus. The female specimen was in better condition, the male lack- ing the terminal segment of the antennae and four of the legs. Both specimens were slightly oily, but not badly rubbed. The female specimen lacked the left terminal antennal segment also. Literature cited Bezzi, M. 1912. Dipteros de Brazil. Sobre tres interessantes dipteros de S. Paulo. Brotéria, zool. ser., vol. 10, pp. 78-79. Brunetti, E. 1912. New oriental Diptera, I. Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 472-475. 1920. Jn, The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Diptera Brachycera, vol. 1, pp. 159-163, pl. 2, figs. 10, 11, 25. 1926. New and little known Cyrtidae (Diptera). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 18, pp. 573-574. Crampton, G. C. 1942. The external morphology of the Diptera. Jn, Guide to the insects of Connecticut, Pt. 6. Connecticut State Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. No. 64, pp. 10-165 (Pialea, p. 26). Ericuson, W. F. 1840. Entomographien, Untersuchungen in dem Gebiete der Entomologie, mit besonderer Benutzung der Koénigl Sammlung zu Berlin, I. Pt. 4, Henopier, eine Familie aus der Ordnung der Dipteren, pp. 160-161, pl. 1, figs. 9 and (9)p. Hunter, W. D. 1901. Catalogue of the Diptera of South America, Pt. 2. Homodactyla and Mydiadae. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. 27 (1900-1901), p. 151. KeErtesz, C. 1909. Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Mus. Nat. Hungari- cum, vol. 4, p. 5. ACROCERID FLIES—SCHLINGER SiO SPEISER, P. 1920. Zur kenntnis der Dipteren Orthorrhapha Brachycera. Zool. Jahrb. vol. 43, pp. 195-220. [Describes Stenopialea and its type species, beckerzi, pp. 205-208, figs. a, B.] WALKER, F. 1854. List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, pt. 4, suppl. 2, p. 345. WaANDOLLECK, B. 1914, Hinleitung zu einer Monographie der Dipterenfamilie Inflatae, pp. 3-30, pl. 1, figs. 13-17; pl. 3, figs. 2, 8. Westwoop, J. O. 1876, Notae dipterologicae No. 3. Descriptions of new genera and species of the family Acroceridae. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 14, pp. 513-514, pl. 6, fig. 2,a-c. U. S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956 ; _ 7 Pee = a Awe bait Ge = i : : 7 = © a he ss dll ese, te 7 7 a! = SS Ti et - a Pag tee : : 7) : ' . ; : i wa a oe re a cs i em = ¥ v 7 7 Ash sree — 7 - ef - ; a " - _ , / - meee i : 41 _— - ; oiy ‘ A 9 2 ‘ Aj )ihat = FLA {+14 - an Le - e rn co ¢ ; _ @ 7 = : ae Sus) eve . a 7 - ’ = p > “3 d a : . » 7 7 oe ed ah - > : , * sfrewy " aa ah - as a ea . a — ; , ‘5-5. UR” Geen - / - : Aig pel as i nan) rae mesg St See OstiEs ; 7 : aa rk . een - Tien — a . ce r ~) ‘ Loe (oy a ; - ob OF “ ('+Ti Ae : : 7 > Z = ‘4 { aa ; i + = 7 7 5 = en - 7 7 ¢ * ie + ’ 7 ; aN she 7 r oe , 7 . a a i BR A t rrr - i ¢& "a = : S 7 ~ a5 ; nae » — : \ fe =i = ’ a , i" : ct sd all » i A 7 7 Ph ¢ a. he ly ion - 4 >= = i } an ‘ Z : iy '@ see = 1 / an) rc ; 7 . . 7 | of - o. 7 > far Sn] a : | <7 aw 4 ' i- m7 a : : a 7 . - "a ' a in 7 - 7 a vi 3, | a ; A = ‘ 5 - : Pp OO oe bi - Sh eee ai? ad « .52; head, 0.495 X 0.485), with head longer than wide, the reverse of F. pictu- ratus. The preantennal margin of head is straight; the anterior plate is much wider in anterior portion, where the sides are convex, while in posterior portion the sides are straight and parallel; a small, darker colored shield covers anterior portion, this character being present in but three of the known species of the genus. The premarginal carinae are VERY WIDE, and there are well-de- veloped postmarginal carinae not present in all species. The sides of both thoracic segments straight, with pterothorax narrower and less divergent than in picturatus (0.395 against 0.412); sides of posterior margin of pterothorax straight, with acute median point. Abdomen rather long and slender (1.16 0.52); pleurites pitchy black (except pleurite I) and of medium width, with “heads” very short on dorsal portion and long on the ventral portion. Tergites and sternites faintly pigmented except genital plate and sternite V; setae along posterior margin of genital plate short and peglike. The patch of setae at each side of sternite VIII consists of a row of seven setae set parallel to margin, and pointing diagonally backward and inward, and with two others between this line of setae and the margin of segment, pointing backward. The species is represented by the male holotype, one female para- type, and one female from another individual of the type host col- lected at Zaragoza, Antioquia, Colombia. Formicaphagus magnus, new species FicureE 2,b Typr: Female adult from Myrmeciza laemosticta palliata Todd, collected by the author at La Palmita, Norte de Santander, Colombia, Aug. 14, 1916 (author’s collection). Diacnosis: Distinguished by the large head, very large anterior plate, partially pigmented premarginal carinae and nodi, and narrow, faintly pigmented abdominal pleurites. The head is longer than 416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 wide (0.553 > 0.532); the anterior plate of same shape as in laemo- stictus but much larger and without anterior shield; the premarginal carinae are wide but pigmented only along the inner margin, while the nodi are chitinized in posterior portion only. The incrassations on inner carinae, over anterior plate, are smaller than usual; the pre- antennal margins of head slightly undulating, with sides of anterior plate extending latterly beyond line of head; postmarginal carinae also present, but differmg in pattern from those of laemostictus (see fig. 2,0). Prothorax with sides flatly convex; pterothorax very wide (0.47) with convex sides, that portion posterior to the lateral angles shortened and with sides straight to rounded median tip (fig. 2,6). Abdominal pleurites narrow, ventral portion scarcely wider than dorsal; “heads” short, tapering to a slender point which curves inward and backward, forming a semicircle. Structure of tergites and sternites obscured by foreign matter. Setae along posterior margin of genital plate short and thick; ten ventral setae on sides of sternite VIII, paralleling lateral margin, and two more between this line and the margin, all pointing diagonally backward and inward and all longer than those of laemostictus. The species is represented by the female holotype only. Formicaphagus angustifrons, new species Ficures 2,d; 5,c; 6,d Types: Male and female adults from Myrmeciza h. hemimelaena Sclater, collected by the author at Santa Ana, Rfo Coroico, Bolivia, July 21, 1934 (author’s collection). Draanosts: One of the smallest species of the genus (body of male, 1.25 40; of female, 1.40 0.40; head of male, 0.39 * 0.39; of female, 0.417 0.417); the abdomen of the female is longer but no wider than in the male. Temples rounded; occipital margin deeply reentering at sides of prothorax, but occiput convex; frons very narrow; preantennal margins slightly concave; anterior plate small, widest in posterior portion and converging sharply to the narrow tips; premarginal carinae narrow, as well as the inner carinae which support the an- terior plate; incrassations elongated and not reaching to the lateral margins of the plate; no postmarginal carinae; eye very small, with short, thickened seta at anterior corner. (In the figure of the head of this species the temporal and occipital carinae occupy reversed positions. ) Thoracic segments small, with sides slightly convex; pterothorax only 0.31 in width in the female and 0.29 in male; posterior margins straight and median point rounded. NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA-——CARRIKER 417 Ficure 2.—Head, thorax, and certain abdominal segments: a, Formicaphagus laemostictus, female (segments I, II); b, F. magnus, female (segment I); c, F. peruvianus, male (segment 1); d, F. angustifrons, male (segments I-III). 386754—57 2 418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Abdomen quite clear, but tergites and sternites more clearly defined than in many species; pleurites dark brown, blacker in the male, and with ventral portion twice the width of the dorsal (more than twice in female); pleurites in segment I well defined but not deeply pig- mented; the “heads” are short and rounded on dorsal portion, longer on ventral portion and with the attenuated tips curving outward. The marginal setae of the genital plate in female are longer and set closer together than in the preceding species; the setae at posterior, inner corner of tergites are very long, as well as the single, pustulated seta on posterior margin of tergites III to VII, just inside the pleurites. The sternal setae at sides of VIII are also long and slender, some as long as width of segment, and average seven in number. In the male the setae of the abdominal tergites and of segment VIII are also unusually long; the genitalia are small, the basal plate being short with broad, rounded apical end; parameres globular, with narrow, deeply pigmented marginal carina; mesosome very simple, but portions not clearly visible (fig. 6,d). The species is represented by male holotype, female allotype, and one male and five female paratypes. Formicaphagus huilae, new species Figures 4,a; 6,h Type: Female adult from Myrmeciza longipes boucardi Berlepsch, collected by the author at La Plata, Huila, Colombia, Apr. 10, 1952 (USNM). Diagnosis: A medium sized species (body 1.60 0.43; head 0.425 0.423), strikingly colored. The head, thorax, and legs are pale, clear brown; the carinae of head and legs darker brown, while those of thorax are almost pitchy black; the abdomen is uniformly translucent, excepting the pleurites, genital plate, and lateral margins of segment VIII; the pleurites are rather wide, pitchy black, slightly wider ventrally in posterior portion, and sharply defined on inner side; the “heads” are short dorsally and bluntly pointed, but twice as long ventrally and faintly colored; genital plate and margins of segment VIII pale brown; sternite V is faintly visible, and all sternites are clearly and widely separated from pleurites. The setae of genital plate are normal, rather abundant, and thickened basally; ventral setae on sides of segment VIII are rather short and slender, six in the row parallel to margin and pointing inward, with two near margin, pointing backward. The species is represented by the female holotype and two female paratypes. Ficure 3.—Head, thorax, and certain abdominal segments of female: a, Formicaphagus splendidus (segment I); b, F. grallariae (segments I-III); c, F. minutus (segments I-III); d, F. thoracicus (segments I, II). NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA—CARRIKER Figure 3.—Explanation on facing page. 419 420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Formicaphagus latifrons, new species Ficures 4,b; 5,h Type: Female adult from Cercomacra n. nigricans Sclater, collected by the author at Rio Vieja, Bolivar, Colombia, Feb. 24, 1947 (USNM). DiaGnosis: One of the larger species, equal in size to F. magnus, with practically the same head and body measurements except width of head at coni, which is less (0.41 against 0.45). The head is wide at tips of premarginal carinae, with preentennary margin sinuate; anterior plate longer than wide, widest at tips of premarginal carinae, from which point sides converge to rounded tips of frons and backward to posterior margin. Premarginal carinae wide, with inner margin irregular in outline; nodi large, with posterior half much more deeply pigmented; inner carinae, which support anterior plate, are wide, covering almost half of that plate and with the large incrassations reaching the lateral margins. Postmarginal carinae present but faintly colored; eyes small, with short seta; at- tachment of gular plate to prothorax somewhat unusual (fig. 4,5). Head, legs, and thorax pale, translucent brown, with carinae darker brown; abdomen clear, except the large pleurites which are pitchy black dorsally and dark umber brown ventrally, the ventral portion being much wider than the dorsal portion and with undulating inner margin; ‘‘heads” short on dorsum, very long on ventral face, and clear brown. Tergites uncolored, with only genital plate and sternite V visible; lateral portion of VIII light brown. Abdominal setae unusu- ally short, those of genital plate normal; the lateral, sternal setae of VIII are eight in number, short, and all point inward and slightly backward. The species is represented by the female holotype only. There is a single female from Cercomacra t. tyrannina, collected at Santa Rosa, Bolivar, Colombia, which is so close to the type of latifrons that it seems useless to attempt its separation. All measure- ments are practically the same except width of head at preantennary suture, which is greater (0.38 against 0.365), and abdomen shorter and narrower (never a reliable measurement). The number of ventral setae on segment VIII is the same. I have, therefore, identified this female as F’. latifrons. Formicaphagus clypeatus, new species FicurEs 4,c; 5,d; 6,c Typus: Male and female adults from Perenostola leucostigma brunnei- ceps (Zimmer), collected by the author at La Pampa, Pert, July 5, 1931 (author’s collection). DraGnosis: One of the smaller species (body, 1.780.55; head, 0.445 0.445). Body coloring the same as in preceding species. NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA—CARRIKER 431 The preantennary margin straight; hyaline border of anterior plate wider than usual and with much more than half of the plate extending beyond the tips of the premarginal carinae (usually half or less); this plate is longer than wide, with deeply incised, wide frons, and Ficure 4.—a-d, Head, thorax, and certain abdominal segments: a, Formicaphagus huilae, female (segments I-III); b, F. latifrons, female (segments I, II); c, F. clypeatus, male (segments I, II); d, F. bolivianus, female (segment I). ¢,f, Male genitalia: ¢, F. pictura- tus; f, F. minutus. 422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 with sides straight and parallel for greater portion; the inner carmae are unusually narrow, very straight in anterior portion and lack entirely the large incrassation so prominent in most species (fig. 4,c); antennae unusually thick (compare ¢ and d of fig. 4; d being about normal); eye obsolete, but setae present; coni small. Prothorax small, especially short (0.13>0.26); pterothorax with straight, divergent sides, broadly rounded lateral angles, and sides of posterior margin flatly convex with rounded median tip. Color of abdomen as in preceding species, with pleurites of average size, largely pitchy black dorsally, and but slightly wider ventrally, more so in posterior portion; “heads” short and bluntly pointed on dorsal face but much longer ventrally, some of them curving outward apically. Abdominal setae shorter than average; the ventral patches on sides of sternite VIII average nine! in number, are short, and most of them point backward; there are also five dorsal setae in a transverse row on each side of segment VIII, all set in small, clear pustules. These latter setae are present in all species, but the number varies (usually three) with inner one always the longest. The species is represented by the male holotype, female allotype, and one male paratype. Formicaphagus peruvianus, new species FIGuRES 2,c; 6,4 Tyre: Male adult from Myrmotherula schisticolor interior (Chap- man), collected by the author at Enefias, Pert, Mar. 3, 1930 (author’s collection. ) Diaaenosis: One of the group with small head, only minutus and angustifrons having smaller (0.412 0.402). Differs from angustifrons in having whole occipital margin of head convex instead of deeply emarginate at sides of occiput; the anterior plate is much wider in the anterior portion than in the posterior portion, the reverse of angustifrons (see figs. 2,c and 2,d); the head is much wider at coni (0.337 against 0.295); pterothorax slightly larger than both species mentioned above, with sides slightly concave and posterior margin straight. Abdomen longer than in angustifrons and minutus, and wider than in augusti- frons; color normal; pleurites large and pitchy black dorsally, with sternal portion considerably wider; ‘“‘heads’’ of pleurites short both dorsally and ventrally, the ventral portion being weakly pigmented. In the genitalia the basal plate is very similar to that of clypeatus and angustifrons, but longer than in latter; the parameres are similar in size and shape to those of angustifrons but lack the dark marginal 1 Segments VII and VIII are fused so closely that the line of fusion is not always visible. The setae are on segment VIII. NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA—CARRIKER 493 carina; mesosome very different, resembling somewhat that of pictura- tus but with a much smaller penis. The species is represented by a single specimen, the male holotype. Formicaphagus minutus, new species FicurREs 3,c; 4,f; 6,9 Types: Male and female adults from Herpsilochmus rufomarginatus Jrater Sclater and Salvin, collected by the author at Upata, Venezuela, Feb. 22, 1910 (author’s collection). Diaenosis: One of the group of small species, with body larger than angustifrons and clypeatus, but head smaller than in the latter (male, 0.402 0.38 against 0.434%0.412; female, 0.423X0.434 against 0.434 0.434); the head is longer than wide in the male and wider than long in the female. Sides of head, between coni and tips of frons, forming a straight line; anterior plate small and similar to that of thoracicus except that frons is wider and the incrassations smaller; premarginal carinae wide and short, with nodi large and circular; no postmarginal carinae; the carinae uniting premarginal nodi and posterior mandibular condyles very wide. Prothorax short, with sides flatly convex and almost parallel; pterothorax small, being especially narrow (0.16 0.31). Abdomen of normal shape and color, the pleurites well developed, about equal in the sexes and pitchy black dorsally, with ventral portion wider and paler; all setae rather short and slender, except those around posterior margin of genital plate which are slightly longer than usual; the ventral patches of setae on each side of segment VIII contain a longitudinal row of seven setae, with two smaller ones near margin which point backward. The male genitalia are quite different from the other known species, with basal plate much longer, with wide, heavily chitinized marginal carinae on swollen basal portion; the parameres are oval in shape, very similar to those of perwvianus but without marginal carinae; the mesosome is very rudimentary, merely an undulating transverse bar which supports an unusually large penis. The species is represented by the female holotype, male allotype, and one female paratype. Formicaphagus thoracicus, new species FiGuRE 3,d Type: Female adult from Gymnopithys leucaspis bicolor (Lawrence), collected by the author at Quibdé, El Chocé, Colombia, Mar. 13, 1918 (author’s collection), 4934 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Draanosts: Sides of head straight between coni and anterior plate, which is circular in shape, with deeply incised frons, wide supporting carinae, and large incrassations; premarginal carinae with marginal half faintly pigmented, also outer portion of nodi, which are semi- circular in shape, the tips curving inward; postmarginal carinae present but pale. Prothorax narrower in anterior portion, with convex, divergent sides (an unusual shape); pterothorax large (0.21 0.36), with rounded sides and short posterior portion. The abdomen is large (1.21><0.61), with narrow pleurites, blackish dorsally and wider ventrally in anterior and posterior portions. The type, and only specimen, is in rather poor condition, having been demounted for clearing, and with much of the chaetotaxy missing, so that the number of setae in ventral patches of sternite VIII cannot be determined. The species may be distinguished by the unusual shape of the an- terior plate, the carinae of the head, and the shape of the thoracic segments. Formicaphagus brevifrons, new species FicureE 5,a; 6,e Tyres: Male and female adults from Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot), collected by Dr. Werneck at Serra de Angra, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Hopkins collection). Diacnosis: The largest of the known species of the genus (female, 2.12 & 0.67, with abdomen 1.34; male, 1.54 * 0.49). Head wider than long in both sexes, with swollen temples, and in female much wider at base of coni. Anterior plate wider than long, wider at tips of premarginal carinae; frons narrow and median incision shallow; the premarginal carinae are of unusual shape and rather complicated for description (see fig. 5,a@); carinae connecting premarginal nodi with posterior mandib- ular condyles narrow. Prothorax with sides and posterior margin convex; pterothorax with sides convex and strongly divergent; each side of posterior margin concave and with median point rounded, this character more pronounced in the male. Abdomen strongly oval in both sexes, with wide pleurites, the light brown ventral portion being more than twice the width of the pitchy black dorsal portion. The tergites are but slightly chitinized, but sternites IV and V are much more deeply colored than usual. The chaetotaxy of the entire body is unusually short and coarse, and blackish in color; the patches on each side of segment VIII are NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA—-CARRIKER 425 short and coarse, with irregular longitudinal line of six to seven, and one outside the line. The genitalia of the male allotype, the only male, is not clearly visible due to a covering of extraneous matter, but it seems to be as Ficure 5.—a,b, Head, thorax, and abdominal segment I: a, Formicaphagus brevifrons, female; b, F. pittasomae, female. c-—i, Dorsosternal view of tip of female abdomen: ¢, F. angustifrons; d, F. clypeatus; e, F. bolivianus; f, F. grallariae; g, F. splendidus; h, F. lati- frons; 1, F. pittasomae. 386754—57——_3 496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 shown in figure 6,e, although the shape of the parameres, if correct, is very unusual. In addition to the female holotype there is one female paratype. Formicaphagus bolivianus, new species FicursEs 4,d; 5,e Type: Female adult from Myrmotherula axillaris fresnayana (V’Orbigny), collected by the author at Santa Ana, Rio Coroico, Bolivia, July 26, 1934 (author’s collection). Dracnosts: A medium sized species with head as wide as long (0.445) and somewhat triangular in shape; the preantennal margin irregular in outline (fig. 4,d); frons very narrow, with scarcely any median depression; anterior plate small, with sides swollen latterly at tips of premarginal carinae and with less than half its length exposed. Premarginal carinae and nodi wide and strongly pigmented ; the inner carinae supporting the anterior plate narrow, but incrassa- tions quite large; coni very small, with greater portion under head; eye very minute (shown too large in figure); postmarginal carinae present but poorly pigmented. Prothorax rather large (0.13 > 0.26), with slightly convex sides; pterothorax small (0.22 X 0.37), with lateral and posterior margins perfectly straight. Abdomen normal, with rather narrow pleurites, pitchy black above, brown and slightly wider below; dorsal “heads” short and bluntly pointed, ventral “heads” much longer and paler; genital sternite rather small and well pigmented but sternites IV and V almost invisible; posterior margin of genital plate an open V-shape, with short, thick setae; the setae of ventral patches on each side of segment VIII unusually abundant, there being eight in the longitudinal row and a cluster of four in anterior portion of segment, all of which are short and most point towards the rear in the holotype, but in the female paratype they are as shown in figure 5,e, being longer than in the type specimen. Formicaphagus grallariae, new species Fiaures 3,5; 5,f; 6,f Typrs: Male and female adults from Grallaria perspicillata inter- media Ridgway, collected by the author at El Hogar, Costa Rica, Aug. 28, 1906 (author’s collection). Dracnosis: A species of medium size, with head slightly longer than wide in both sexes, and with female not much larger than male. The entire body is clear, pale brown, the abdomen slightly paler, with tergites and sternites clearly defined. The head, back of coni, has a rather squarish appearance but from the coni the sides converge sharply in a straight line to tips of frons, NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA—CARRIKER 427 Ficure 6.—a-f, Male genitalia: a, Formicaphagus peruvianus; b, F. pittasomae, c, F, clypeatus; d, F. angustifrons; e, F. brevifrons; f, F. grallariae. g-h, Tip of abdomen, female: g, F. minutus; h, F. huilae. 428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 which is of medium width and with shallow emargination. The anterior plate is wider than long, with sides converging both forward and backward from tips of premarginal carinae (fig. 3,6); the inner carinae are narrow, widely separated on anterior plate; only the tips of the coni are visible from above; eye small but with seta short and thick. Prothorax rather narrow (male, 0.34; female, 0.37), with convex sides and posterior margin slightly concave. The pleurites are narrow dorsally and dark brown, but three times as wide ventrally and not much paler; the dorsal ‘“‘heads’’ taper to a slender point, curving inward more noticeably in the male, while the ventral portion is longer, bluntly pointed, and faintly pigmented. The abdominal chaetotaxy is quite long, especially the patch of eight setae on each side of ventral face of segment VIII that extend more than half way across the segment. Posterior margin of genital plate is V-shaped, rather short, and with setae widely spaced. In the male, segment VIII is unusually large, with sides straight to the rounded tip. The genitalia are quite distinctive and need no description (fig. 6,f). The species is represented by the female holotype, male allotype, and one male paratype. Formicaphagus splendidus, new species FiaureEs 3,a; 5,9 Type: Female adult from Pittasoma michleri zeledoni Ridgway, collected by the author at Rio Sicsola, Panama,’ Sept. 10, 1904 (author’s collection). Draenosis: The body and head are almost the same size as the females of magnus (body, 1.95 0.62; head, 0.55 & 0.532), thus being one of the largest known species. The temples are slightly swollen; the preantennal margins of head form almost straight lines (slightly concave) from coni to tips of frons, which is of medium width and shallow emargination. Anterior plate as wide as long, slightly expanded laterally at middle and with a wide, V-shaped, darker band across anterior portion (fig. 3,@). The inner carinae are narrow basally but wide over anterior plate, with large incrassations; eye prominent, with seta short and thick. Prothorax large (0.21 X 0.33) with convex sides; pterothorax of medium size, with straight sides and posterior margins and with lateral angles narrowly rounded. Abdominal sclerites normal; dorsal face of pleurites narrow and black, ventral face twice as wide as dorsal face and brown; tergites set closely together, both transversely and longitudinally. Segment VIII unusually short and wide; ventral 2 This host was collected on the west side of the Rfo Siesola in territory which at that time belonged to Costa Rica but has since been ceded to Panama. NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA—-CARRIKER 429 setae at sides 9-10 in number, all pointing inward and of various lengths, the anterior ones the shorter. Posterior margin of genital plate an open V-shape, set with numerous short, fine setae (fig. 5,g). The species is represented by the female holotype and two female paratypes. Formicaphagus pittasomae, new species Fiaures 5,b,7; 6,0 Types: Male and female adults from Pittasoma rufipileatum rosen- bergi Hellmayr, collected by the author at Pavarondocito, Antioquia, Colombia, May 19, 1950 (USNM). Dracnosis: A handsome insect of an almost uniformly translucent brown color, sharply defined, dark brown carinae on head and thorax, and black pleurites, but with abdomen paler than head. It is one of the larger species, the male being the largest known of that sex (1.75 X 0.575); the head of the female is almost equal in length to that of magnus and splendidus, but is wider (0.542 0.553 against 0.553 X 0.532). Posterior to the coni the head has a quadrangular appearance, with the slightly concave sides of anterior portion converging sharply to the narrow frons; anterior plate longer than wide, very similiar to that of splendidus; in fact, the whole insect resembles that species, differing as follows: Anterior plate slightly longer; the inner carinae which support it are much narrower, with smaller incrassations, and there is an oval projection on inner side of these carinae at base of TARLE 1.— Measurements (in millimeters) of the species of Formicaphagus Head Prothorax Pterothroax Abdomen Body ad nse Species Sex jlength | | Leneth | Width | Width | Length | Width |Length |} Width | Length} Width at coni picturatus D 1.49 0. 445 0. 445 0. 337 0. 163 0. 26 0. 197 0. 347 0. 825 0. 456 2 2.03 . 467 48 . 347 . 163 . 29 BP) ~ 412 ia bl . 52 laemostictus g 1.89 . 495 . 485 - 40 - 195 . 29 . 24 . 395 1.16 . 52 magnus | Q | 1.938 . 553 . 532 . 445 . 20 . 326 . 255 . 467 1.12 . 597 angustifrons D 1.25 . 393 . 391 . 295 ALL 7 okd +152 . 293 . 673 . 402 9 1. 40 .417 417 . 303 .13 . 228 . 163 . 314 . 81 . 395 huilae 2 1. 60 . 425 . 423 . 325 16 . 255 .195 . 347 . 98 . 434 latifrons a 1.91 | . 467 .475 . 365 ska ah. 18 . 39 1. 20 . 567 peruvianus D 1. 53 - 412 - 402 . 337 .14 . 23 . 195 . 326 .89 ~ 445 clypeatus D 1.31 . 434 . 412 . 325 . 152 . 24 .195 . 337 . 694 - 434 2 1. 44 . 434 . 434 . 337 . 163 . 25 . 195 . 35 . 781 477 thoracicus 2 1.95 . 46 . 44 -38 . 163 a2 21 . 36 1.21 . 61 minutus D 1.41 . 402 . 38 .dl . 147 . 228 . 163 .314 . 803 - 452 2 1. 68 . 423 . 434 . 345 . 155 . 244 . 185 . 326 1.02 . 53 brevifrons % 1. 54 . 434 445 . 325 15 27 . 195 . 38 . 846 . 488 2 2.12 - 50 . 542 . 39 . 185 .314 . 26 - 445 1. 34 . 673 bolivianus 2 1.78 ~ 445 ~ 445 . 337 -13 . 26 . 228 137 1.13 . 547 grallariae ue) 1. 46 . 445 . 434 . 326 - 163 . 26 . 195 .3a7 . 785 . 467 2 1. 57 477 . 467 . 358 . 163 . 285 ~22 38 . 90 . 51 splendidus Q 1.95 . 55 . 532 41 .217 . 33 . 26 . 445 1.13 . 62 pittasomae fe) 1.74 . 52 . 516 . 39 . 185 . 303 ~217 «402 . 992 - 576 430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 anterior plate, a character absent in splendidus but present in grallariae and magnus. The premarginal carinae are wide in pittasomae and the pigmenta- tion extends uniformly to the margin of head (figs. 3,a; 5,6); the manner of attachment of the prothorax to the gular plate is entirely different; carinae of the prothorax decidedly distinct; and there is more contrast of color in the abdomen, the ground-color being clearer and the pleurites blacker. The posterior margin of the genital plate of female in splendidus is an open V, with closely set marginal setae, while in pittasomae the plate is circular and the setae are longer, coarser, and fewer in number. The patches of setae at sides of sternite VIII in splendidus contain 9 setae, all pointing inward, while in the present species there are only 6 setae pointing inward, and 1 backward, near margin. The male genitalia do not resemble those of any of the known males, and a description seems unnecessary (fig. 6,5). Formicaricola, new genus Genotype: F. analoides, new species. Host, Formicarius analis sat- uratus. Medium sized Ischnocera parasitic on the avian genus Formi- carius only. Represented by seven species taken from seven species and subspecies of the host genus. In certain characters this genus resembles the preceding one, but after very careful comparison I find it impossible to classify them as congeneric. Species of this genus have a superficial resemblance to Multicola and to some of the Fur- naricola and Rallicola but they differ radically from those genera in structure of head and male genitalia, while the females lack the heavy sternal spines in segment VIII so characteristic of Rallicola. I am fully aware that it is not good policy to erect a genus for a group of Mallophaga which are parasitic on a single genus of birds, but in this case there seems to be no alternative, as with the Meno- ponidae of the genus Odontophorus (Phasianidae). The present genus differs from Formicaphagus as follows: Abdomen longer and more slender, nearly parallel-sided; segment VIII of female with sides straight and converging to a deeply incised, bifid tip. Head much longer than wide; premarginal carinae continued beyond the preantennal suture, to middle of anterior plate; anterior plate more or less quadrangular, with rounded corners and with anterior margin usually as wide as posterior and slightly concave, while pos- terior margin is flatly convex and never extends beyond entrance to bucal cavity as in Formicaphagus. No trace of the diagonal suture across premarginal carinae in front of nodus; the temporal and occipital carinae are as in Formicaphagus as well as the thoracic segments and the pleurites of the abdomen, NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA—CARRIKER 431 but the tergites are more widely separated medially; the sternites also seem to be the same but they are quite impossible to distinguish clearly in this genus due to the heavier pigmentation of the tergites. The chaetotaxy of the last four abdominal segments in the male is more abundant than in the female. Male genitalia resemble somewhat those of Formicaphagus in that the basal plate is short and wide, the parameres are more or less globular, but of quite different shape, and the details of the mesosome differ strongly in the five species represented by males. Unfortunately the five species with male representatives are all from subspecies of Formicarius analis. When males have been taken from the other two species, colma and nigricapillus, they may show important dif- ferences, although there are no striking differences between the females of those species and females from the races of F. analis. Formicaricola analoides, new species FicurRss l,c; 7,d; 9,c Types: Male and female adults from Formicarius analis saturatus Ridgway, collected by the author near Zaragoza, Antioquia, Colombia, Mar. 22, 1948 (USNM). Diacnosts: This species, the type of the genus, has been quite fully described under the generic characterization. The seven known forms of the genus Formicaricola are very similar in general appear- ance, differing from each other only in many small details, so that one species may resemble several others in shape of head, but have the anterior plate, the cephalic carinae, the thoracic segments or abdomi- nal sclerites quite distinct. The present species resembles most closely the Costa Rican and Mexican forms from Formicarius analis umbrosus and Formiearius analis moniliger, but differs as follows: Head smaller than both, wider at tips of marginal carinae and narrower at coni; premarginal carinae and nodi differ in shape, as well as postmarginal carinae; pterothorax smaller, with posterior margin straight on the two sides as in costaricensis (concave in mexicana). Adbominal segment VII in male same shape as in costaricensis, but different from mericana, with chaetotaxy of segment VIII different in all three. The anterior margin of segment VIII in the female is convex in analoides and concave in costaricensis (female of mericanus unknown). The male genitalia of all three are similar in type but differ in detail, those of mericana resembling more closely those of analoides. The species is represented by the male holotype and female allo- type, with other specimens from type host collected at following localities: Regeneracion, El Real, and Norosi, Department of Bolivar, 432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Ficure 7.—Head, thorax, and certain abdominal segments of male: a, Formicaricola mexie cana (segments I, II); b, F. beni (segments I, II); c, F. sanctae-martae (segment I); d, F. analoides (segments I, II). NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA—-CARRIKER 433 Colombia, 4 females; Heights of Aripo, Trinidad, 1 female, and Sabana Mendoza, Venezuela, 2 females. Another male from F. a. pana- mensis, collected at Unguia, Department of Chocé, Colombia, near the Panama frontier, cannot be distinguished from the series taken on F. a. saturatus. Formicaricola costaricensis, new species Ficures 8,a,g; 9,d Types: Male and female adults from Formicarius analis umbrosus Ridgway, collected by the author at Guapiles, Costa Rica, March 1903 (author’s collection). Driaanosis: Under the preceding species are given the differences between it and the present form, which need not be repeated. The other species similar to costaricensis is mexicana, from which it differs in the male sex as follows: Body longer and narrower at abdomen; head slightly longer, but no other difference in measurements; sides of head anterior to coni strongly concave, not straight; tips of pre- marginal carinae anterior to suture, wider and longer; interior carinae, supporting anterior plate, longer and of different shape; eye prominent (obsolete in mexicana) ; coni larger; hyaline margin of frons transverse instead of flatly rounded as in mexicana, with front of anterior plate more deeply emarginate; attachment of prothorax to gular plate distinct; sides of prothorax less convex and sides of pterothorax slightly concave instead of convex; posterior margins of pterothorax straight, not concave; anterior margin of abdominal tergite VII sinuate instead of convex, and abdominal chaetotaxy shorter. The genitalia are decidedly different from all of the other known males (fig. 9,d). The species is represented by the male holotype, female allotype, two female paratypes, and two females from another individual of the type host collected by the author at Guacimo, Costa Rica, April 1903. Formicaricola mexicana, new species FicuREs 7,a; 8,7; 9,6 Type: Male adult from Formicarius analis moniliger Sclater, col- lected by the author at Cerro Tuxtla, State of Veracruz, México, May 5, 1940 (USNM). Diacnosts: This species has been compared in detail with analoides and costaricensis under the descriptions of those species and needs no further remarks. The figures presented and measurements given are sufficient additional description. The species is represented by the male holotype and two male paratypes. The female is unknown. 434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Formicaricola sanctae-martae, new species Figures 7,c; 8,f; 9,a Type: Male adult from Formicarius analis virescens Todd, collected by the author at Los Gorros, at eastern base of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, on May 6, 1945 (USNM). Diagnosis: This species nine costaricensis in shape of anterior half of head, the lateral margins being strongly concave, but differs in having much wider frons, much wider and larger anterior plate, which is wider in anterior portion than in posterior section, a character not found on any of the other species taken on F. analis and its races. The eye is very pronounced, as in costaricensis, but the carinae con- necting the premarginal nodi with the posterior mandibular condyles are distinct, as well as the anterior condyles. The posterior margins of the pterothorax are strongly concave (straight in costaricensis). Abdominal segment VII has the same shape as In mexicana, with anterior margin sinuate, but with the lateral angles much less acute; segment VIII is wider in anterior portion than any of the other known males and the margin more circular (fig. 8,f). The male genitalia resemble those of costaricensis in shape of basal plate, but they resemble mexicana in the mesosome (fig. 9,a—d). The species is represented only by the holotype, male. Formicaricola beni, new species Ficures 1,d; 7,b; 8,h Type: Male adult from Formicarius analis analis (d’Orbigny and La Fresnaye), collected by the author at Santa Ana, Rio Coroico, Bolivia, July 26, 1934 (author’s collection). Draenosis: The head is decidedly different in shape from all of the other known species, the sides forming a slightly undulating line from temples to the narrow frons; the head also is smaller than in any of the other known males, being especially narrow at the temples (0.477 0.35, with width at coni 0.28); the anterior plate is also the smallest, almost circular in shape, but slightly longer than wide (fig. 7,5). The posterior margins of the pterothorax are very different, being deeply emarginate just inside the acetabular bars, then running straight to an acute point. The abdomen is more oval in shape, expanding laterally at segments IV to VI; tergites I to V unusually long, with tergites I to III longer than wide; all pleurite ‘heads’”’ long, especially ventral portion; segment VIII very narrow, with anterior margin convex, and distinctly divided medially, the only species seen with this character; segment IX differs in shape from that of all the other males (fig. 8,/). NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA—CARRIKER 435 Ficure 8.—a-c, Head and thorax: a, Formicaricola costaricensis, male; b, F. chocoana, female; c, F. colmae, female. d-i, Tip of abdomen: d, F. chocoana, female; e, F. colmae, female; f, F. sanctae-martae, male; g, F. costaricensis, male; h, F. bent, male; 7, F. mexicana, male. 436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 The male genitalia are also unique, being highly complicated, and it is difficult to interpret just what function the different parts per- form (fig. 1,d). The species is represented only by the male holotype. Formicaricola colmae, new species FIGURE 8,c,e Type: Female adult from Formicarius colma amazonicus Hellmayr, collected by the author at La Lajita, Rio Caura, Venezuela, Nov. 3, 1909 (author’s collection). Driacnosis: This species does not closely resemble any of the other known forms. The head is broad at the temples, with lateral margins convex between temples and preantennal suture; frons wide and transverse, as in sanctae-martae; anterior plate large, quadrilateral, with anterior and lateral margins slightly concave TARLE 2.— Measurements (in millimeters) of the species of Formicaricola | | Head Prothorax Pterothorax | | Abdomen Body | See ee rs pou? ai oat Species | Sex |length l } | Length} Width | Width | Length) Width |Length| Width |Length| Width | at conus | analoides co 1.58 | 0.49 0. 38 0. 293 0. 163 0. 228 0.195 | 0.282} 0.88 0. 287 2 2.42)}| .55 . 423 . 33 . 195 . 278 . 24 . 358 1. 38 - 46 costaricensis J 1.73 . 52 . 402 . 303 e185) 25 - 206 . 303 . 955 .37 g 2.06 . 542 . 44 . 345 .18 . 265 . 24 . 337 1. 26 .37 mexicana a 1. 65 } 51 39 . 30 .16 . 24 | 20 . 303 .96 | - 41 sanctae-martae a 1.84) .54 - 412 . 326 - 206 S2625|) movin Wao 1. 06 | . 40 beni ce 1.65 | .477 35 . 280 . 16 . 228 . 185 25 - 97 . 358 colmae bo: AR TB) | ec BL .4l | 325} .17 26 ee 314} 1.04 «435 chocoana Ou) SabIs\i S52 sea 305 | .17 24 . 228 | .285| 1.39 . 434 ' t and entirely without the darker shield covering anterior portion, being uniformly colored and without markings. Premarginal carinae narrow, with inner margins black; the inner carinae, supporting the anterior plate, are narrow at suture, then expand and cover about half of each side of plate, with their pointed tips reaching almost to edge of frons. Prothorax and pterothorax with convex sides and both rather wide, the latter with posterior margins concave and median point acute. All tergites except I and II wider than long, with inner margins convex and touching in median portion; pleurites and their ‘heads’ slender, the ‘“heads’’ not extremely long. Segments VIII and IX are shown in figure 8,e. The male is unknown, the species being represented by the female holotype and three female paratypes. NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA—CARRIKER 437 Figure 9.—Male genitalia: a, Formicaricola sanctae-martae; b, F. mexicana; c, F. analoides; d, F. costaricensts. 438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Formicaricola chocoana, new species Figure 8,),d Type: Female adult from Formicarius nigricapillus destructus Hartert, collected by the author at Rio Jurubidé, Department of Chocé, Colombia, Mar. 18, 1951 (USNM). Driacnosis: The largest of the known females of the genus except analoides (2.130.434 against 2.420.46). Head of average size, with straight, slightly undulating sides and broad, rather deeply TABLE 3.—List of hosts with their corresponding parasites Host Cercomacra nigricans nigricans Sclater tyrannina tyrannina (Sclater) Formicarius analis analis (d’Orbigny and La Fresnaye) analis moniliger Sclater analis saturatus Ridgway analis umbrosus Ridgway analis virescens Todd nigricapillus destructus Hartert colma amazonicus Hellmayr Grallaria perspicillata intermedia Ridgway Gymnopithys leucaspis bicolor (Lawrence) Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus frater Sclater and Salvin Myrmeciza hemimelaena hemimelaena Sclater immaculata immaculata (La Fresnaye) laemosticta bolivari de Schauensee laemosticta palliata Todd longipes boucardi Berlepsch Myrmotherula axillaris fresnayana (d’Orbigny) schisticolor interior (Chapman) Percnostola leucostigma brunneiceps (Zimmer) Pittasoma michleri zeledoni Ridgway rufopileatum rosenbergi Hellmayr Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot) Parasite Formicaphagus latifrons Formicaphagus latifrons Formicaricola bent Formicaricola mexicana Formicaricola analoides Formicaricola costaricensis Formicaricola sanctae-martae Formicaricola chocoana Formicaricola colmae Formicaphagus grallariae Formicaphagus thoracicus Formicaphagus minutus Formicaphagus angustifrons Formicaphagus picturatus Formicaphagus laemostictus Formicaphagus magnus Formicaphagus huilae Formicaphagus bolivianus Formicaphagus peruvianus Formicaphagus clypeatus Formicaphagus splendidus Formicaphagus pittasomae Formicaphagus brevifrons emarginate hyaline frons; anterior plate slightly wider than long, with anterior edge emarginate, sides convex and posterior margin trans- verse, and with all four corners rounded; a well-defined shield covers more than half of anterior portion of plate. NEOTROPICAL MALLOPHAGA—CARRIKER 439 The thoracic segments very similiar in shape to those of costaricensis, but pterothorax narrower and with posterior margin much like benz except that the median point is rownded, not acute. The abdomen is the same length as in analozdes, but narrower; the pleurites are large, black in color both dorsally and ventrally, and with long “‘heads,”’ much longer ventrally than dorsally. Tergites I to III longer than wide, IV to VI about square, and all are widely sepa- rated medially. Segments VIII and IX are shown in figure 8,d. The species is represented by the female holotype, one female paratype, and two females from other individuals of the type host collected by the author near Palestina and Potedé, on the Rio San Juan, Department of Chocé, Colombia, on May 5, 1918, and Jan. 3, 1951 The male is unknown. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1957 Si DT ALMSEAS DA EATIADA oth RUT ee eq “yetantaen lo ov! of okie ies pit o) ungse Spned ale ae ail donor aoe Toreaeen wie hie rina serolowste tad 7 ivan tore Wane) tated darbant and dash i ans ; epee ex Uses we ay t "ioe yy rt nef ‘ashen Nt re ariel HTiAS vihd al deaths ar) ue olay fark “eliskiol Hee f adtoy at doo! oem ain ‘pattiuall] ovis wel 2ithetolhumabhsTaettey obi our “ahpod” shah digs, ~ nine, GTO LEY, ‘hil lin be nt } raped yi Tri vi ly ce malts a npeal itl ¢ Wee me wT v4 i carats "18 7) icy tf F Trade’ am: ~ “oataibon bs a ; - ; | « e “ees ra hdgel Gwo> 4qWolod sly rat ea? wt ho sieaarnpa a Sartaqe oe whorelsadi We elawhiibar walle ca’ Teo) og en acy ete ire wy 6 lt lia hore’ baa eee) ie yorhMup oft qd heatoudlen & uthl Dud ESO) Bath Ge ed melo wed 46 Dene eae ; creole en wha 9 (‘y vaql i i c a Ve or? r 4 i f a 7 @ oj a a — ' | 4 i * - ' : agen 2° 9SS Cal) > 28 CRee Rs Hes a PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 106 Washington: 1956 No. 3376 A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MARINE ASELLOTE ISOPOD. CAECIANIROPSIS PSAMMOPHILA. FROM CALIFORNIA By Rosert J. Menzies! and Jean Pertit! Specimens of marine asellote isopods representing a new genus and new species were collected from a coarse-sand beach several centi- meters below the surface of the sand, where they were associated with living snails of the genus Caecum, the curious pycnogonid Rhyncothoraz, and several kinds of polychaetes, especially some be- longing to the Archiannelida. Besides the unusual ability of this species to live buried in sand in the intertidal zone, it is of further interest in being the second known American record of a blind intertidal asellote, the first being Caecijaera horvathit Menzies (1951, pp. 1-7), a commensal with the wood-boring isopod, Limnoria. The genus resembles Thambema (Stebbing, 1913, p. 237), at least superficially, in its elongated aspect and lack of eyes; for that reason it perhaps belongs in the family Thambematidae (Stebbing, 1912, p. 42). Stebbing’s report of a single pleotelsonal somite in Thambema ! Lamont Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, N. Y. (This paper is Contribu- tion No. 198 from the Geological Observatory and Contribution No. 1 of the Observatory’s Biology Program.) 441 326756—56 442 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 is probably in error because he shows two somites for the species on plate 36 (Stebbing, 1913). Caecianiropsis differs from Thambema in having well-developed uropods and in the structure of the male pleopods. The mouthparts are similar. The genus also shows a curious resemblance to the cave-dwelling fresh-water genus Micro- charon Karaman 1934, one species of which, Duslenia (= Microcharon, personal communication from Dr. Claude Lévi) teissiera Lévi (1950, pp. 42-47), lives also in the intertidal on the coast of France, where it was found in association with an archiannelid polychaete, Saccocirrus papillocerus Bobretzky, and the marine mite Scaptognathus tridens Trouessart. Caecianiropsis differs from Microcharon in the structure of the uropods, male pleopods, and the maxillipeds. It seems likely that Austroniscus ectiformis Vanhéffen (1914, fig. 80) belongs to Caecianiropsis; however, Vanhéffen’s specimens seem to be immature and an assignment of that species is uncertain. Caecianiropsis, new genus Type: Caecianiropsis psammophila, new species. Diraenosis: Maxilliped with two coupling hooks; palp with second and third joints expanded but equaling only 1% times the width of endognath. First antenna with peduncle of four joints; flagellum with a few joints. Second antenna about one-half the body length; flagellum multiarticulate. Epimera visible in dorsal view on peraeon somites 1-7. Endopodite of uropods exceeding twice the length of exopodite. Caecianiropsis psammophila, new species FiGurReEs 1-3 Houotryrr: Nonovigerous female, length 1.8 mm, width 0.25 mm. Dracnosis: Rostrum with frontal margin convex. First antennal flagellum with only two articles; first article exceeding six times the length of last. Posterolateral borders of pleotelson of male each with 1-2 minute spinelike teeth; lateral borders smooth except for many small setae; posterior border with a distinct median convexity. Endopod of uropod exceeding three times the length of exopod. Each lateral apex of first male pleopods with a small, expanded, apically pointed area. Anterior endopodite branch of second male pleopod coiled, equaling body length when straightened out. Character of body: Colorless and eyeless, very much elongated, length exceeding six times the width. First maxilla: Outer lobe with about 12 denticulate setae at apex; inner lobe with one long seta and numerous fine setae. NEW ASELLOTE ISOPOD—MENZIES AND PETTIT 443 Ficure 1.—Caecianiropsis psammophila, new species: @, male paratype; 5, mazxilliped; ¢, first peraeopod; d, fifth pleopod; ¢, fourth pleopod; f, third pleopod; g, second maxilla; h, uropod; 2, seventh peraeopod. Magnification: a, scale at left of figure; b, c, 7, scale between figures b, c; d, ¢, f, h, scale at right of figure f; zg, not known. 444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Second maxilla: Each of the two outer lobe lappets with four apical setae; inner lobe with about 11 apical setae. Mandible: Left mandible incisor with five teeth; lacina with five teeth; setal row with five plus one seta. Right mandible incisor with five teeth; lacina lacking; setal row with six setae. Palp with second article depressed at setiferous area which bears three denticulate setae. a Figure 2.—Caccianiropsis psammophila, new species: a, distal articles of mandibular palp; b, left mandible; c, uropod; d, molar process; e, antennal scale on third article of peduncle of second antenna; f, first antenna; g, posterolateral border pleotelson; 4, female oper- culum; 7, second antenna. Magnification: a, as shown on figure d; c, g, f, scale at right of figure c; h, as shown on the figure; 7, not known. NEW ASELLOTE ISOPOD—-MENZIES AND PETTIT 445 Type LocaLity: Tomales Bluff, Tomales Point, reef, Marin County, Calif., in coarse sand about 5 cm. below the surface of sand, mid- intertidal zone, Jan. 27, 1949, R. J. Menzies, holotype; July 9, 1949, 38 paratypes. MATERIAL EXAMINED: In addition to the above-mentioned speci- mens the following were examined: Monterey County, Calif.: Asilo- mar, on tentacle of Synapta sp., lower intertidal zone, July 16, 1947, Cadet Hand, 2 paratypes. saat ro Cc WwW if | UU - Ficure 3.—Caecianiropsis psammophila, new species: a, second male pleopod; 4, first m2ie pleopods, inner surface. Magnification as indicated by the scale. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Marin County to Monterey County, Calif. Types: Type specimens have been deposited in the collections of the following institutions: United States National Museum, holotype, No. 89543, 40 paratypes; Allan Hancock Foundation, 2 paratypes; 4AG PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Rijksmuseum Van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, 2 paratypes; Pacific Marine Station, 3 paratypes, Acc. No. 1330 Arth. Remarks: This species differs from Caecianiropsis ectiformis (Van- héffen), its closest known relative, in having spinelike teeth on the posterolateral borders of the pleotelson. Such teeth appear lacking in that species. Literature cited KaARAMAN, S. 1934. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Isopoden-Familie Microparasellidae. Mitt. Hohl.-Karstforsh., 1934, pp. 42-44. Livi, CLAUDE 1950. Duslenia teisseri, nov. gen., 0D. sp., nouveau Parasellidae des cdtes de France. Notes Rev. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gén., No. 6, pp. 42-47. Menzies, ROBERT JAMES 1951. A new genus and new species of asellote isopod, Caecijaera horvathi, from Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor. Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 1542, pp. 1-7. Srepsine, T. R. R. 1912. On the Crustacea Isopoda of the Porcupine Expedition. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 231-239, pls. 24-26. (Abstract No. 112, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 42, 1913.) VANHGOFFEN, E. 1914. Die Isopoden der deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. In, Drygalski, Deutsche Sudpolar Expedition 1901-1903 . . ., vol. 15, Zool. vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 449-598, 132 figs. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956 et ro 7. iDEN Foal? te a w am < * = — i . .™ - et foxy, Lf ry an Matsa ivf ieee, Sty Latlge, = / cept, Pathe bd mies a 6 ® ° 7 Sephi Sts i, vy 7 . This ss pe a (Us ed on a ay 7 és a“ Syiial is ne, 7 7 a = % Sy a. ee ) Tiletar Oe Hy: whe, ie gts 1“ iti 2) Sina , hag pe . ao “Wet 7 in a 7 ‘deme = PD ta e 4 efi: ch nds Hai, 7 + ASS ao Vv 7 > Ao ro} _ = bY, 7 Le § ( ati a > 7 aye “A 9 ie oe ” ® roan. Lan ar aero 2 i v. <=. = oe > 2 7” : we fy, = i = je Meteo cys li ¢ Cra , it =! ma ti “ hes oy 7 aes wi 7 , - yas. ned "i lou ‘ “ek rr We - amy, ; 7 » gee ee ahi ion nmr jaw ae e it v= 5 ‘ft ‘ ee ati om Ad, a air" 7 . GA we : a ie es % 7 ofh.1) Sia, ite io + mbt EP ps ct nal as. ae 2G) Men int orth” 7 a : -¢ ais =p, Sarde Rich “epee borksary | M & 5 - 7 - y a4 - Or ; od ogy o_<_ 7 wat ov ' Geral) 7 bald 4 7 ve > 7 o a - Se 7 oy a ' ri 4 pe aan fen? ‘hepa — ny a iv, &He Putas bite 4 Awa mn Pde gs _ is s ‘Ae . eS. ’ 7 ms 7 = oS 7 " a 7 _ if Khartoum I5= ® Jebel Meidob 15° AWad Medani pDuem \f El Fasher @ @Umm Keddada Sannnar ezaicee aioe ect Obed 2) Gallabat Jebel Ain / @ Dillinag eRoseires etalodi @kaka = oe 1o— —-1l0 q Lake N eChak Chak / @ Wau @ Rumbek 6 Bor Ss —5- @Mt Baginzi /®Juba = Yambi0 2 ~~ ae eTorit ; eYei _ @}matong Mts. lo I | 25 30° “Nimule a5: 4 Ficure 1,—Principal collecting localities in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. (Scale: 1 inch=250 miles.) MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 451 companion ranges, the Dongotonas and the Didingas) has a close affinity with the East African fauna but shows a high degree of in situ development. These mountain ranges of the southeastern Sudan need much further field work in order to evaluate properly their zoogeographic status and the degree of isolation of their faunas from those of East Africa and from each other. Of the three, only the Imatong Range is adequately represented by specimens. It is in- teresting that the mammals showing the greatest differentiation are those whose normal habitat is in a forest environment. In these mountains, the forest has become isolated from adjacent forested areas by large regions of arid savanna. This isolation is apparently the result of the dessication of central Africa after the last Pleistocene Pluvial period. Worthington (1937, p. 316) with regard to the great lakes of Africa and their fish faunas, says: It is yet premature to date the earlier changes involved—the time at which the main rivers of Africa became set in their courses, the formation of the rift valleys, the depression of the Lake Victoria basin, and the reversal of many of the rivers of Uganda. But the later changes, including the dessication of Lake Edward and probably of Lake Victoria can now be dated within reasonably cer- tain limits by correlation with climatic change during the Pleistocene in other parts of Africa and with the glacial and inter-glacial periods in the northern hemi- sphere. ‘The exact correlation of the individual pluvial and interpluvial periods is not yet fixed, but in general terms the climatic changes which were taking place soon after the beginning of the Pleistocene were responsible both for the glacia- tions in the north and the pluvials on the equator. In Europe well-known studies have led to the enumeration or estimation of the number of years since the ice receded from such localities as Stockholm or from certain lakes in Switzerland, and figures of the order of 9,000 to 14,000 years have resulted. If we take the last pluvial of Africa to have finished at about the same time as the last glacial in Europe and apply these figures, we conclude that Lake Rudolf was cut off from its connection with the Nile, say 12,000 years ago, and in that comparatively short time the fish isolated in that lake have changed into the endemic species and subspecies referred to above. Somewhat before this, say between 15,000 and 20,000 years ago, the plateau lakes at the main source of the Nile were dried up, and since they were refilled, adaptive radiation up to the present day has given rise in Lakes Edward and George to eighteen endemic species of Cichlid fish and four of non-Cichlids, and in Lakes Victoria and Kioga, with their more diverse environments and partial isolation from each other, to fifty-eight endemic Cichlids and twenty-seven non-Cichlids. The vast assort- ment of unique forms in Lake Nyasa and Lake Tanganyika has naturally taken much longer, and to date and understand these we must await the result of future geological and biological studies. In substantiation of the dating of the end of the Pluvial in central Africa, a corollary may be drawn from the pocket gophers (Thomomys) of the Salt Lake Valley and environs in North America. In attempt- ing to determine the time level at which habitat became available for pocket gophers, Durrant (1952, p. 497) says: “The Postpluvial, the last period of Lake Bonneville, has endured from the second 452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Provo Pluvial until the present. It is thought to be approximately 12,000 years in duration.”’ Thus, in this period of about 12,000 years, differentiation has occurred in the pocket gophers to form the complex distributional pattern of subspecies known today. During a similar interval of time, the mountain forests of central Africa, together with their mammalian faunas, have been isolated by the en- croachment of arid savannas. The distinction between the Salt Lake Valley and the isolated mountains of the Sudan is that the former was invaded, then isolated, whereas the latter is a relict of a former widespread habitat now isolated. In both cases, however, differentiation has progressed to the point where pronounced distinc- tions are evident. The present report recognizes 91 genera and 224 species and sub- species of mammals other than bats. Of the 224 kinds known from the Sudan, 39.5 percent have been described from localities outside its present geographic boundaries. Of the remaining 60.5 percent, described from within the boundaries of the Sudan, 11 percent have been described from the Imatong Mountains and environs, 8.6 per- cent from the Jebel Marra and environs, 4.5 percent from the Nuba Mountains area, and the remaining 36.4 percent from many other localities. It is apparent that the Sudan has been populated by a mammal fauna coming from several directions. The period which apparently has had the most effect on the distribution of present-day mammals is the time immediately after the last Pleistocene Pluvial and up to the present. Most of the mammals occurring in the Sudan today apparently have invaded from the south. Characteristic genera which may be noted in this category are: aard vaark (Orycteropus), swamp rats (Otomys), tree mice (Dendromus), giant rats (Cricetomys), multimammate mice (Mastomys), mole rats (Cryptomys), cane rats (Thryonomys), and elephant (Lorodonta). Mammals which apparently have derived from a northern palae- arctic stock and which reach the southernmost limits of their distribu- tion are: gerbils (subgenus Dipodillus), sand rats (Psammomys), jerboas (Jaculus), and the ibex (Capra). Two West African genera which reach an eastern limit of distribu- tion in the Sudan are African striped squirrels (Tamiscus) and red- legged ground squirrel (Huzerus). The grass hare (Poelagus) appears to be found only in the southern Sudan and extreme northern Uganda. This is apparently the only genus endemic to the region. Another genus (Desmodilliscus) is found only in northern Nigeria and the central Sudan; its origin is not de- terminable at this time. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 453 As may be noted in the following accounts, there are vast gaps in the distributional patterns of practically every species. It is recog- nized that this report is at best only preliminary and that many of the kinds treated here as species will probably be shown in the future to be related as subspecies. It is hoped, though, that this work will find its way into the hands of interested amateurs and professional zool- ogists and epidemiologists who will have the opportunity to fill in some of the annoying gaps in the distributional patterns. Much field work remains to be done in the Sudan in order to understand more completely the effects of isolation and the barrier effect of the Nileif such exists. Order INSECTIVORA Family ERINACEIDAE Atelerix pruneri lowei, new subspecies Figure 2,a Tyre: BM No. 23.1.1.35, adult male, skin and skull, from Umm Keddada, Darfur Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained March 15, 1922, by Lynes and Lowe, original No. 1159. SPECIMENS ExamINep: Four, all in BM, from: Umm Keddada, 2; 32 miles east of E] Fasher, 1 (skull only); El Obeid, Kordofan Prov- ince, 1 (skull only). Draenosts: A small extremely pale hedgehog in which the white subterminal band of the spine is broad and the terminal black band is minute. Entire underparts, brow band, hands, and feet white. Skull smal!, zygomatic arches not widely flaring, interorbital region relatively narrow, postpalatal ridge well developed, mesopterygoid region relatively narrow, upper molars relatively large. MEASUREMENTS OF THE Typr SpEcIMEN: Length of head and body 167; length of tail 16; length of hind foot 25; length of ear 26; con- dylobasal length of skull 37.4; length of palate 21.4; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 9.6; length of nasals 14.1; least postor- bital width 9.9; width across zygomatic arches 23.6. Comparisons: From Atelerix pruneri pruneri as known by a speci- men from Singa, Blue Nile, A. p. lowei differs in markedly lighter color and a smaller skull in all measurements taken. From A. p. oweni, A. p. lowei may be distinguished by its markedly lighter color and smaller skull in all measurements taken. Remarks: This small hedgehog bears out the pale coloration of most of the other mammals obtained by Lynes and Lowe at lower elevations in Darfur and Kordofan. The extreme amount of white on the spines and the narrowness of the black bands create a strikingly light colored animal. The type specimen was trapped in a hedgerow of “guffie.” 454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Atelerix pruneri oweni (Setzer) FIGURE 2,a Erinaceus (Atelerix) pruneri oweni Setzer, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 43, No. 7, p. 237. July 23, 1953. (Torit, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.) SPECIMENS Examinep: Nineteen, from: Torit, 9 (2, MCZ); Ter- angole, 20 miles east of Torit; 4 (1, MCZ); Malek, 1 (BM); Moru District, 2 (BM); Gogrial, 3. MEASUREMENTS: Averages and extremes of four males and two females are as follows: Total length 173 (127-201), 186.5 (152-215); length of tail 12 (10-13), 16 (8-24); length of hind foot 30.5 (28-32); length of ear 24 (16-28), 26.5 (24-29); condylobasal length of skull 41.5 (38.8-45.3), 41.2 (40.2-43.9); length of palate 23.9 (22.3-26.1), 24.2 (23.2-25.2); width of rostrum 11.5 (10.6-11.2), 11.1 (10.6-11.6); length of nasals 13.2 (12.0-14.2), 12.3 (11.5-13.1); least interorbital width 11.0 (10.5-11.5), 11.2 (11.1-11.4); width across zygomatic arches 25.5 (24.2-26.6), 25.8 (25.1-26.7). Remarks: There is some variation in color of these specimens but this is probably owing to the manner in which the skins have been prepared. If the spines are laid flat in preparation the general tone, as observed from above, is a smoky color; if the spines are semierect the color is darker. Another contributing factor is the amount of pigment on the tip of the spines. If this is slight the general effect is lighter, and, conversely, if there is a relatively wide band at the tip the color appears darker. The only immature specimen in the series is decidedly darker in color than any of the adults. In all specimens except one, the maxillary bone touches the nasal on each side for at least 1.5 mm. The specimens from Malek and the Moru District are much darker than typical oweni or pruneri, but the cranial characters seem to refer them to the former. All the specimens were obtained in savanna-type country between January 7 and April 9. Atelerix pruneri pruneri (Wagner) FIGURE 2,a E(rinaceus) pruneri Wagner, Schreber’s Saéugethiere, Suppl., vol. 2, p. 23, 1841. (Upper Nile, taken at Sennaar, where Pruner traveled.) Erinaceus heterodactylus Sundeyall, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Stockholm (1841), p. 227, 1842. (Bahr-el-Abiad.) Erinaceus dimidiatus Fitzinger, Sitzb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 56, sect. 1, p. 853, 1867. (Sennaar and Kordofan.) SPECIMENS Examinep: Five, all in BM, from: Singa, Blue Nile Province, 1; Gebel Auli (near Khartoum), 3; White Nile, near Khar- toum, 1. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 455 Measurements: No external measurements have been available but the skull of the specimen from Singa, which is unsexed, measures as follows: Condylobasal length 40.9; length of palate 23.6; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 11.4; length of nasals 12.2 least interorbital width 11.8. Remarks: The nominate race is darker and, in certain measure- ments of the skull, smaller than A. p. oweni. The outstanding dif- ference in the skulls of these two subspecies is in the width of the postorbital constriction. In A. p. oweni the constriction is more pronounced and is uniformly so in all specimens seen. The specimen from the White Nile, near Khartoum, shows inter- grading characters in color and in the size and shape of the upper molar teeth between A. p. pruneri and A. p. lowei. In substance, these characters are more like those in A. p. pruneri, to which the specimen is referred. I Paraechinus aethiopicus (Hemprich and Ehrenberg) Erinaceus aethiopicus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbolae physicae, Mamm., dec. 2, sheet k, footnote, Sept. 1832. (Deserts of Dongola, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.) Erinaceus senaariensis Hedenborg, Oken’s Isis, p. 8, 1839. (Nomen nudum.) | Hrinaceus] brachydactylus Wagner, Schreber’s Saéugethiere, Suppl., vol. 2, p. 24, 1841. (Egypt.) Hemiechinus pallidus Fitzinger, Sitzb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 54, sect. 1, p. 565, 1866 (nomen nudum); vol. 56, sect. 1, p. 866, 1867. (Sennaar.) SPECIMENS ExamINeED: Sixteen, all in BM, from: Port Sudan, 4; Shendi, 4; Khartoum, 4; Sennaar, 2; Sinkat, 2. MEASUREMENTS: Measurements of an adult male from Sinkat, Red Sea Province, are as follows: Length of head and body 140; length of tail 20; length of hind foot 26; length of ear 30; condylobasal length of skull 43.2; length of palate 22.5; width of rostrum 9.9; length of nasals 13.9; least postorbital width 10.3; greatest width across zygo- matic arches 26.2. Remarks: This genus might easily be mistaken for Ateleriz in the field. However, the hairs of the underside of the body are longer and softer and in general show some blotching of brownish or brownish black in the white. On the head the blackish face mask is present in both genera as well as the white band across the forehead. In all specimens of Paraechinus examined there was always an indication of a blackish band at the beginning of the spines which is not present in Ateleriz. In general, the spines of Paraechinus are much softer, thinner, and more densely placed than in Afeleriz. There can be no confusion as to identity when the skulls are examined. In Paraechinus the maxillaries do not touch the nasals, and the pterygoid region as well as the auditory region is markedly inflated. 456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Family M AcROSCELIDIDAE Elephantulus fuscipes (Thomas) Macroscelides fuscipes Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 13, p. 68, January 1894. (N’doruma, Niam-Niam country, lat. 5° N., long. 27°30’E.) SPECIMENS ExamtInep: Two, the type and one other from Obbo. MEASUREMENTS: The measurements of specimen CNHM No. 67242, an adult female from Obbo, are as follows: Length of hind foot, 29.0; length of ear from notch 23.0; length of nasals 12.2; least interorbital breadth 6.0; greatest width across zygomatic arches 16.7. Remarks: These are the sole examples of elephant shrews from this section of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. They are readily distin- guished from E. rufescens by the darker dorsal color, the dark colored feet, and by the plumbeous base of the hairs of the belly. The type specimen is preserved in alcohol so that any color com- parison between specimens is useless. However, the skulls agree in all respects. Elephantulus rufescens hoogstraali, new subspecies Type: CNHM No. 66704, adult male, skin and skull, from Ikoto (lat. 4°95’ N., long. 33°4’ E.), Equatoria Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained Dec. 20, 1949, by Harry Hoogstraal, original No. 4995. SpeciMENS Examinep: Forty, from: Ikoto, 31; Torit 9 (1, MCZ). Diacnosis: Upper parts between Tawny and Russet with a generous admixture of blackish hairs and all hairs with a minute black tip; dorsal color rather abruptly giving way on the sides to Warm Buff strongly intermixed with black; color of side abruptly terminating in the white of the belly; postauricular spots Warm Buff. Underparts, hands, feet, and supra- and subocular spots white; not all of the hairs white to the base, those of the chin, inside of forelegs and hindlegs and a midventral area pure white to base, others plumbeous at base. Tail dark blackish brown above, lighter below. Braincase relatively well inflated, zygomatic arches broad, rostrum relatively short and massive, toothrow relatively short and the bullae well inflated. MEASUREMENTS OF THE TypPE SpEcIMEN: Total length 258; length of tail 130; length of hind foot 36; length of ear from notch 25; greatest length of skull 36.2; length of nasals 13.5; least interorbital width 6.1; greatest width across zygomatic arches 19.6; breadth across external auditory meatus 16.8; width across M*-M? 11.6; length of upper toothrow entire 17.3; length of auditory bullae 6.3; width of bullae 3.9; condyloincisive length 33.3. Comparisons: From the type specimen of Elephantulus rufescens dundasi, this new subspecies differs in: Belly white instead of buffy, -_— MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 457 tail generally longer, hind foot longer, more pronounced postauricular spots, and the general dorsal color is darker. The skull has a wider, blunter rostrum, a wider interorbital region, braincase more inflated, zygomatic arches more widely flaring, upper toothrow shorter and the auditory bullae more inflated. E. r. hoogstraali differs from the type and two topotypes of E. r. delicatus in: Color darker; the hairs of the belly white and not washed with buff; in both kinds the hairs of the median line are white to the base instead of being plumbeous. The skull is somewhat larger in over-all measurements, bullae are markedly more inflated, wings of mesopterygoid more concave than convex, and the rostrum is generally wider. From the type of E. r. mariakanae, E. r. hoogsiraali differs in: Color lighter, postauricular spots markedly lighter in color, white hairs of belly white to base in midventral line and not plumbeous. In the skull the rostrum is narrower, nasals narrower, and the zygomatic arches more rounded and less angular. E. r. hoogsiraali differs from E. r. phaeus in: Lighter dorsal color. hairs of belly white to base and not plumbeous. The skull has the rostrum shorter and wider, zygomatic arches less angular, and the upper toothrow is less crowded. Remarks: This series of 40 specimens from the Sudan is remark- ably uniform in color and in cranial characters when the sexes are separated and animals of like age are studied. The series was obtained between the middle of November and the end of March. All of the specimens were taken in a savanna habitat of tall grass. It is apparent when studying the types of the various kinds of Elephaniulus from eastern Africa that the species referred to as E. dundasi is in reality only a subspecies of the earlier E. rujescens. There are no characters by which this species can be dintinguished. either cranially or from the skin, from specimens of rujescens from any part of its range. The characters by which it can be distin- guished are no greater than exist between any of the known sub- species. Therefore, although no actual intergradation can be demonstrated, the name should stand as Elephaniulus rujescens dundasi. Family SoricipaE Genus Crocidura Wagler From examining specimens of Crocidura, especially the types, in the British Museum and in the U. S. National Museum, I am led to believe that the species groups of Dollman (1915 a-i, 1916) are no more than races of the oidest name in each group. There are, cer- tainly, exceptions to the above statement, such as the case of Crocidura 458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 butlerit which does not fit in the group called fischeri on any cranial or morphological feature. Without examining all of the specimens extant and the references to all the types available, this hypothesis is at best a mere suggestion. Where specimens have been studied and found to agree in what appear to be specific characters they have been placed as a subspecies of that particular species. Again, this arrangement is based only on the shrews from the Sudan and on specimens immediately adjacent geographically, so that the suppositions and allocations may not be the best, but certainly it shows the relationships of these mammals better than Dollman’s revision. There are three names from the Sudan in this genus that are not, at this time, certainly identifiable. They are C. ferruginea Heuglin 1865, from “Lande der Ridj-Neger,”’ C. fulvastra Sundevall 1843, from Bahr-el-Abiad, and C. fusco-murina Heuglin 1865, from Meshra-el- Req. Dollman, in his revision of the African members of the genus, is not sure of what they are or to what they may be related. For the purpose of this paper these names are considered as unidentifiable. One specimen, CNHM 73890, is, at this time, not identifiable. It is far darker than anything known from the general region but has a skull which in many ways resembles that of C. turba. Since there is only the one specimen I prefer leaving it as indeterminate until more material from the Lokwi region is obtained. Crocidura bicolor tephragaster, new subspecies Type: Museum of Comparative Zoology, No. 44773, adult male, skin and skull, from Torit, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained Apr. 25, 1950, by J. S. Owen, original number 1158. SPECIMENS ExamInep: Eighteen, from Torit (8, MCZ). Draenosis: General over-all dorsal color near Mummy Brown, shading over sides to Light Mouse Gray of the belly; hands and feet lighter than the dorsal color; tail dark brownish black well covered with bristle hairs. Skull large for the species, relatively wide across the maxillaries, upper teeth relatively massive, rostrum relatively short and broad. MEASUREMENTS OF THE TyPE SpectmEN: Total length 112; length of tail 47; lengthof hind foot 11; length of ear 4; condyloincisive length of skull 17.4; greatest breadth of braincase 7.2; greatest maxillary breadth 5.2; length of palate 6.1; length of upper toothrow 7.3; least interorbital width 3.5. Comparisons: From the type of C. b. cunninghamei, C. b. tephra- gaster differs in: Color lighter, that is, there is more gray and less MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 459 browp. The skull has a wider braincase, generally shorter palate, shorter upper toothrow and a narrower interorbital region. C. b. tephragaster differs from the type of C. b. woosnami in the skull being larger in all measurements taken. No color can be compared inasmuch as the body of the type of woosnami is preserved in alcohol. From the type of C. b. elgonius, C. 6. tephragaster differs in: Color about the same but slightly paler in the new form. Hind foot longer; skull larger in all measurements taken. From the type of C. b. planiceps, C. b. tephragaster differs in gener- ally lighter color, grayer belly and shorter tail. The skull is shorter, narrower across the braincase, wider interorbitally, and the upper toothrow is shorter. Remarks: This is an example among the white toothed shrews of the Nile apparently acting as a barrier to their distribution. Cer- tainly the specimen of planiceps from Rhino Camp is a bicolor and differs from the new subspecies from Torit in the manner set forth under comparisons. Crocidura butleri Thomas Crocidura butlert Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 375, September 1911. (Between Chak Chak and Deim Zubeir, Bahr-el-Ghazal.) SPECIMEN EXxaMINED: The type. MeasureMENts: The measurements of the type, as given by Thomas (1911, p. 375), are as follows: Length of head and body 78; length of tail 34; length of hind foot 13; condyloincisive length of skull 24.0; least interorbital width 4.5; length of upper toothrow 10.5. Remarks: The type and only specimen available is unique in that the tail is so much shorter and heavier in comparison to other members of the genus. The extremely pale color of this species is approached by shrews of the Sudan, only by Crocidura pasha to which it is in no way related. Crocidura hedenborgiana fuscosa Thomas FIicureE 2,b Crocidura doriana fuscosa Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 12, p. 90, July 1913. (Kaka, White Nile.) SPECIMENS ExaMINeED: Two, both in BM, from: Kaka, White Nile, 1; Malakal, Upper Nile Province, 1. MeasureMents: An adult female from Malakal, Upper Nile Prov- ince, has the following measurements: Length of head and body 110; length of tail 75; length of hind foot 20; length of ear 11; condyloin- cisive length of skull 30.7; greatest breadth of skull 12.7; least inter- orbital width 6.0; length of palate 13.9; greatest maxillary breadth 9.3; length of upper toothrow 14.0. 460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Remarks: Thomas described fuscosa as a subspecies of doriana, and Dollman, in his revision of the genus, elevated it to specific status and commented that it was quite distinct from doriana and that its nearest relative was hedenborgiana, from which it was distinguished by its smaller size and somewhat lighter color. I agree with Dollman that fuscosa is in no way related to doriana, but on critical examina- tion conclude that it is a subspecies of hedenborgiana. The proportions of the skulls of the two kinds are identical, which thus leaves only size and color. The size and color differences are not so great that they warrant a separate species for fuscosa. Crocidura hedenborgiana hedenborgiana (Sundeyall) FIGuRE 2,6 Sorex hedenborgiana Sundevall, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Stockholm, p. 171, 1843. (Sennaar.) SpecimMEN EXAMINED: Roseires, Blue Nile Province, 1 (BM). MeasvureMENtTs: No external measurements other than for the type are available, but the cranial measurements of the specimen above, an adult female, are as follows: Condyloincisive length 32.9; greatest breadth 13.5; least interorbital width 6.0; length of palate 15.3; greatest maxillary breadth 10.2; length of upper toothrow 15.0. Remarks: This very dark shrew, of which one specimen is in the British Museum, is difficult to distinguish from C. nyansae cranially. but it is readily separated on the basis of color. In general, this species is larger, more robust cranially than is nyansae, with which it appears to coexist. It may be that if more were known about its natural history and if more specimens were available, it would prove to be a synonym, or at best a subspecies, of nyansae. However, owing to the lack of material and information, I feel that it is best to leave the status of the two kinds as they are. This lone specimen has been compared to Sundevall’s type of hedenborgiana in Stockholm and agrees very closely with it. Crocidura hildegardeae phaios, new subspecies FIGURE 2,6 Type: MCZ No. 45855, adult female, skin and skull, from Gilo, Imatong Mountains, Equatoria Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained June 12, 1950, by J. S. Owen, original No. 1266. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Four, from: Gilo, 2 (MCZ); Ikoto, 1; Torit, 1. Driaenosis: General over-all color of upper parts near Bister shading over the sides onto the lighter belly which is gray strongly MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 461 washed with Buffy Brown; hands, feet, and tail dark brown. Skull relatively large and robust, upper toothrow short and broad, inter- orbital region wide, braincase wide, rostrum short and relatively narrow, posterior choanae not constricted, third upper unicuspids slightly larger than second. MEASUREMENTS OF THE TYPE SpecrMEN: Total length 116; length of tail 51; length of hind foot 13; length of ear 4; condyloincisive length of the skull 18.7; greatest breadth of the braincase 8.4; greatest maxillary breadth 5.9; length of palate 7.6; length of upper toothrow 7.9; least interorbital width 4.1. Comparisons: C. h. phaios differs from C. h. hildegardeae in gen- erally darker color, wider braincase, and generally wider interorbitum. From C. h. altae, C. h. phaios differs in darker dorsal coloration, lighter belly, shorter tail, and smaller skull in all measurements taken. Remarks: C. h. phaios has been compared only with hildegardeae and altae since they are the closest geographically. The three speci- mens available are all remarkably alike in both skin and cranial characters, more so than in any of the other Crocidura studied from the Sudan. Crocidura marita Thomas and Hinton Figure 2,) Crocidura marita Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 253, July 6, 1923. (Southeast Downs, Jebel Marra, Darfur Province.) SPECIMEN ExaMINneD: The type. MEASUREMENTS OF THE T'ypk SPECIMEN: Length of head and body 56; length of tail 38; length of hind foot 10; length of ear 7; condy- loincisive length of the skull 16.6; breadth of braincase 7.5; least interorbital breadth 3.4; length of upper toothrow 7.3. Remarks: This species is similar in many respects to C. pasha but is darker and somewhat larger. It is possible that there exists a close relationship between these two species but until additional material is available it is best to consider them as distinct species. Crocidura nyansae darfurea Thomas and Hinton FIGURE 2,c Crocidura darfurea Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p, 251, July 6, 1923. (Zalingei, Darfur.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Eighteen, all in BM, from: Zalingei, Darfur Province, 12; Kulme, Wadi Aribo, 6. MerASUREMENTS: An adult male and an adult female, from Zalingei, respectively measure as follows: Length of head and body 127, 123; 462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 length of tail 61, 61; length of hind foot 17, 17; length of ear 12, 13; condyloincisive length of the skull 29.1, 28.0; greatest breadth of skull 12.7, 11.7; greatest maxillary breadth 9.2, 9.1; length of palate 12.6, 12.1; length of upper toothrow 12.3, 12.6; least interorbital width 5.2, 5.2. Remarks: Crocidura darfurea is a lighter colored form of C. nyansae. There is no criterion on the skull or skin to warrant the recognition of C. darfurea as a full species. It is in all respects another nyansae. It is larger and somewhat paler than C. n. sururae and larger and decidedly paler than typical C. nyansae. Crocidura nyansae sururae Heller FIGURE 2,c Crocidura sururae Heller, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 15, p. 2, Dec. 23, 1910. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Eleven, from: Bor, 2 (BM); Mongalla, 1 (BM); Malek, 3 (BM); Upper Nile, 1 (BM); Loa, 18 miles north of Nimule, 3 (MCZ); Nimule, 1 (MCZ). Measurements: The measurements of the type, an adult male, are as follows: Length of head and body 111; length of tail 64; length of hind foot 17; condyloincisive length of skull 28.5; breadth of braincase 12.0; length of upper toothrow 13.0. Remarks: All of the above specimens are darker than in the original series from Rhino Camp. The skulls, however, show no variation from the type series. There are no characters of either the skin or the skull in this series which warrant the separation of sururae as a full species. There is a specimen from Butiaba, Uganda, which shows rather intermediate characters between nyansae and the present form, so it is considered best to refer the above specimens as subspecies of the previously named nyansae. This is a case in which it is possible that Loring collected on the east bank of the Nile. The type locality for sururae is at Rhino Camp, which is on the west bank, yet specimens there are found to be iden- tical from Mongalla and Malek. Crocidura nyansae toritensis, new subspecies FIGURE 2,c Tyree: CNHM No. 66713, adult female, skin and skull, from Torit, Equatoria Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained No- vember 29, 1949, by Harry Hoogstraal, original No. 4862. SPECIMENS Examinep: Twenty-six, from: Torit, 19 (8 MCZ); Gilo, Imatong Mountains, 2; Lotti Forest, Imatong Mountains, 2; Katire, 2 (MCZ); Issore, Imatong Mountains, 1 (BM). MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 463 Draenosts: Hairs of upper parts near Bister, shading over the sides into the somewhat lighter color of the belly; belly silvery gray with a heavy wash of dark buff; hands, feet, and tail all darker brown than the back. Tail clothed with bristle hairs for almost its entire length. Skull large, teeth heavy, upper toothrow long, braincase wide and relatively flat, posterior choanae relatively wide open, but little constricted, postmandibular processes of skull relatively large, palate wide and long, least interorbital width relatively small. MEASUREMENTS OF THE TyPE SprecIMEN: Total length 190; length of tail 66; length of hind foot 19; length of ear 8; condyloincisive length of skull 29.5; greatest breadth of braincase 11.6; greatest maxillary breadth 9.3; length of palate 12.6; length of upper toothrow 13.4; least interorbital width 5.0. Comparisons: C. n. toritensis differs from C. n. sururae in darker dorsal coloration and larger general size. The skull differs in that it is larger in all measurements taken with the exception of the least interorbital width which is less; the postmandibular processes are larger in the former than they are in sururae and the palate is wider and longer. From C. n. nyansae, C. n. toritensis differs in somewhat smaller size and lighter color. The skull is smaller in all measurements taken, but the postmandibular processes are of approximately the same size. Remarks: The type series of the new kind is quite remarkable for its diversity of color. The series from Torit was taken over most of a l-year period and this color difference is apparently due to fading and molt. The type appears to be in the new fresh pelage. A peculiar kind of fading occurs in which the reddish brown pigment seems to undergo reduction to a yellowish brown which is quite splotched with newer, more gray pelage coming in. This molt takes place in February and March and there is apparently another molt in October and November. Crocidura pasha Dollman Crocidura pasha Dollman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 17, p. 195, February 1916. (Atbara River, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.) Specimens Examinep: Five, from: Atbara River, 1 (BM); Khar- toum, 1 (skull, skin in alcohol, BM); Torit, 3. MEASUREMENTS: Respectively, the external measurements of an adult male and female from Torit are as follows: Total length 87, 91; length of tail 35, 37; length of hind foot 9, 9; length of ear 8, ?. Since the skulls are so badly broken no cranial measurements can be taken. 386559—56——_2 464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vor. 106 Remarks: Even though Torit is quite some distance removed from both the Atbara River and Khartoum, the three specimens from there are identical in color with the type from Atbara. Unfortunately, the skulls of both of the Torit specimens are badly broken, but what is left of them agrees very well with the type of C. pasha. Crocidura sericea lutrella Heller Fiaure 2,d Crocidura lutrella Heller, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 56, No. 15, p. 4, Dee. 23, 1919. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave.) SPECIMENS ExamINnepD: Three, from: Mongalla, 2 (BM); Rhino Camp, 1. Measurements: An adult male from Mongalla measures as follows: Length of head and body 75; length of tail 41; length of hind foot 11; length of ear 10; condyloincisive length of skull 20.9; greatest breadth of cranium 8.9; maxillary breadth 6.8; length of palate 8.7; length of upper toothrow 9.0; least interorbital width 4.2. Remarks: C. lutrella differs from C. aridula in a somewhat more yellowish tone above and a decided buffier gray below. The skulls differ in that Jutrella is smaller in all measurements taken than is aridula. In cranial proportions however, the two kinds agree. It is apparent that the relationships of aridula, lutrella, and marrensis are with sericea and each other; therefore, they are all treated as subspecies of sericea, which is the oldest name for tbe group. Crocidura sericea marrensis Thomas and Hinton Figure 2,d Crocidura hindei marrensis Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, p. 252, July 6, 1923. (Wadi Konger, east-central Jebel Marra.) Specimens Examinep: Two, both in BM, from: Wadi Burar, northwestern Jebel Marra, 1; Wadi Konger, east-central Jebel Marra, 1. MEASUREMENTS: The measurements of an adult female from the Wadi Burar are as follows: Length of head and body 83; length of tail 58; length of hind foot 13; greatest maxillary breadth of skull 7.0; length of palate 8.7; length of upper toothrow 9.4; least interorbital width 4.3. Remarks: C. s. marrensis differs from C. s. lutrella in browner color dorsally, darker, longer tail, and much buffier gray underparts. The skulls are practically identical except for the interpterygoid fossa in marrensis being more constricted posteriorly. Again, these char- acters do not appear to be of more than subspecific value. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 465 Crocidura sericea sericea (Sundevall) Figure 2,d Sorez sericeus Sundevall, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Stockholm, pp. 173, 177, 1848. (Near Bahr-el-Abiad.) Crocidura macrodon Dobson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 5, p. 226, March 1890. (? Sudan.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ten, all in BM, from: Fashoda (=Kodok), 2; Jebel Ahmed Aga, 1; Lake No, White Nile, 1; 8 miles east of Lake No, White Nile, 2; Chak Chak, 4. MeasureMeEnts: An adult male and an adult female, from Chak Chak, respectively measure as follows: Length of head and body 96, 98; length of tail 55, 62; length of hind foot 15, 15; length of ear 10, 9; condyloincisive length of skull 24.0, 24.4; greatest breadth of skull 10.6, 10.3; greatest maxillary breadth 7.7, 7.5; length of palate 9.8, 10.5; length of upper toothrow 10.3, 10.6; least interorbital width 5.1, 4.5. Remarks: C. s. sericea differs from C. s. lutrella in being larger in all respects, browner on upperparts, and less gray and more buff on the underparts. In lutrella, sericea, marrensis, and aridula the flank gland is small and white. Crocidura turba nilotica Heller FIGURE 3,a Crocidura nilotica Heller, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 56, No. 15, p. 3, Dee. 23, 1910. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave.) SPECIMENS ExamiNneED: Nine, from: Mongalla, 1 (BM); Malek, 1 (BM); Rhino Camp, 7. Measurements: The skulls of the two specimens from the Sudan are so badly broken that only the toothrows remain identifiable, consequently, only the external measurements of an adult male from Mongalla and an adult female from Malek are available. Their measurements, respectively, are as follows: Length of head and body 89, 97; length of tail 52, 55; length of hind foot 15, 16; length of ear 11:10) Remarks: The two localities from which these specimens come lie on the east bank of the Nile, while Rhino Camp is located on the west bank. It seems odd that so small an animal as this could cross back and forth across the Nile in enough instances to retain the purity of genetic stock. The type specimen of nilotica was obtained by J. A. Loring while the Roosevelt party was camped at Rhino Camp. It is always possible that Loring and his companion, E. A. Mearns, may have crossed the river for a few days and trapped for small 466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 mammals there while the rest of the party worked on the west bank. Certainly there is no indication in the field notes or on specimen labels to support this hypothesis, but it seems the only logical one to assume. A 4 Crocidura Lhedenborgiana } fuscosa a 2hedenborgiona = | hedenborgiana Bhildegordece | phoios 4.marito Llowei 2.oweni Atelerix pruneri — r Crocidura nyonsoe ~ ] =o Ldorfurea | Crociduro sericea Lietrella 2.marrensi: 3.sericea (Hi ut vt yl Anas a Btoritensis ea Ficure 2.—Distribution of Atelerix and Crocidura (in part) in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. (Scale: 1 inch=400 miles.) Crocidura turba tephra, new subspecies FIGURE 3,a Type: CNHM No. 79431, adult male, skin and skull, from Torit, Equatoria Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained March 14, 1952, by J. S. Owen. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Eleven, from: Torit, 9 (2, MCZ); Katire, 1 (MCZ); Lokwi, 25 miles south of Torit, 1. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 467 Draenosts: General over-all color of upperparts Hair Brown shading to Mouse Gray on the belly; flank glands same as dorsal color; hands, feet, and tail brownish. Skull relatively long, rostrum relatively long, upper toothrow long and relatively as well as actually wide. MEASUREMENTS OF THE TyPE Spectmen: Total length 146; length of tail 52; length of hind foot 15; length of ear 5; condyloincisive length of skull 23.5; greatest breadth of braincase 10.2; greatest maxillary breadth 7.2; length of palate 9.5; length of upper toothrow 10.2; least interorbital width 4.4. Comparisons: The only subspecies with which C. t. tephra needs to be compared is C. t. nalotica, from which it differs in: Color lighter in all respects, size about the same in all respects, skull somewhat longer, braincase wider, width across maxillaries greater, rostrum longer and upper toothrow somewhat longer. Remarks: This new subspecies is remarkably lighter in color than is C. t. nilotica. In none of the specimens examined does the color begin to approach the saturate condition found in the latter. The type series is remarkably constant in color but the size of the skulls varies rather widely. The greatest difference in these skulls is in one old male in which the teeth are worn almost flat. This skull is about 1.5 mm. longer in the condyloincisive length than is that of the type. Most of this extra length is in the posterior development of the brain- case, which is more than one millimeter longer than in the type. Order PRIMATES Family LoristipAE Galago senegalensis senegalensis E. Geoffroy Galago senegalensis E. Geoffroy, Mag. Encycl., vol. 1, p. 38, pl. 1, 1796. (Senegal.) Otolicnus teng Sundevall, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Stockholm (1842), p. 201, 1848. (Bahr-el-Abiad.) Calago sennariensis Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 147, October 1863. (White Nile, Sennaar.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twenty-one, from: Lotti Forest, 1; Sunnat, 3; Imurok, 4; Magwe, 36 miles southwest of Torit, 2 (MCZ); Khor Gorman, 30 miles west of Rumbek, 1 (BM); Juba, 2 (BM); Talanga Forest, Imatong Mountains, 2 (BM); Kulme, Wadi Aribo, 2 (BM); Goz Abu Gama, White Nile, 3 (BM); Rejaf District, Mongalla Province, 1 (BM). MEASUREMENTS: Averages and extremes of four males from Imurok and of two females from Sunnat, respectively, are as follows: Total length 431 (411-443), 411 (402-420); length of tail 274 (265-284), 468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 260 (252-268); length of hind foot 66 (61-68), 62 (62); length of ear 41 (41), 39 (37-41); greatest length of skull 43.2 (40.7-45.0), 41.3 (39.9- 42.7); length of upper canine to M? 15.2 (15.0-15.5), 14.9 (14.6-15.2); least interorbital width 5.4 (5.1-5.8), 4.75 (4.6-4.8); breadth across orbital ring 29.4 (26.6-31.2), 28.2 (26.6-29.9); length of nasals 10.7 (9.8-11.3), 11.1 (10.3-11.9); breadth of braincase 23.7 (22.9-24.9), 22.2 (21.8-22.6). Remarks: All of the specimens examined are somewhat more yellowish and have lighter colored ears than typical senegalensis. It is apparent, though, that material from Senegal varies considerably, even within local populations. It is for this reason, and the fact that the present specimens are more widely divergent from other named kinds than from the nominate form, that they are so identified. Perhaps when one has material available from one side of the continent to the other and is able to critically analyze the material, the animals from the Sudan and farther to the east may be shown to be readily separable from the animals from western Africa. Owing to the con- tinuum of habitat across the savannas, the above conjecture may prove to be only wishful thinking. Family CERCOPITHECIDAE Papio doguera heuglini Matschie Papio heuglini Matschie, Sitz. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 81, 1898. (Near Shilluk Islands, White Nile, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.) Papio lydekkeri W. Rothschild, Novitates Zool., vol. 9, p. 140, Apr. 10, 1902. (Upper Blue Nile.) Papio werneri Wettstein, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat., vol. 53, p. 190, 1916. (Gebel Talodi, near Talodi, Nuba Mountains.) Specimens EXAMINED: Six, from: Ikoto, 1; Torit, 1; Imurok-Ikoto, 1; Jebel Marra, 1 (BM); Wau, Jur River, 1 (BM); Kamisa, Dinder River, 1 (BM). MeraAsurEMENTS: The skin of an adult female from Kamisa, Dinder River, measures as follows: Length of head and body 597; length of tail 533; length of hind foot 180; length of ear 43. The skull of a young adult male from Imurok measures: Greatest length 235.0; greatest width across zygomatic arches 134.9; least postorbital constriction 60.1; length of canine to M*? 73.8; breadth across M'’—-M? 57.2; condyloincisive length 185.0. Remarks: It is strange that so much of the mammal fauna of the Jebel Marra should be so distinct from surrounding areas and that the baboon found there should be the same as that found on the Upper Nile in the southern Sudan. However, the only skin and skull from the Jebel are not distinguishable from the more eastern animals and MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 469 are therefore referred to heuglini rather than to P. d. tessellatus from Ankole, Uganda. Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops (Linnaeus) Figure 3,b Simia aethiops Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 28, 1758. (Sennaar.) Cercopithecus toldti Wettstein, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat., vol. 53, p. 189, 1916. (Jebel Riha, near Kadugli.) Cercopithecus (Chlorocebus) cailliaudi Wettstein, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat., vol. 94, p. 643, 1918. (Blue Nile.) Specimens ExamiNneb: Fourteen, all in BM, from: White Nile, lat. 14° N., 3; Mongalla, Moru District, 1; Kamisa, Dinder River, 8; Omdurman, 1; near Er Renk, 1. MrasureMEnts: Average external measurements, respectively, of two males and two females from Kamisa, Dinder River, are as fol- lows: Length of head and body 444.5, 441.3; length of tail 605, 550; length of hind foot 129, 106; length of ear 32, 29. Remarks: The specimens from Kamisa are virtual topotypes of this subspecies. All of the specimens examined are paler in dorsal coloration than are any of the adjacent kinds. However, there is a considerable amount of variation in the general color. The thighs and lower hind legs are pale gray with only a faint suggestion of the banding which is prominent in C. a. arenarius. Cercopithecus aethiops arenarius (Heller) FIcurRE 3,5 Lasiopyga pygerythra arenarius Heller, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 61, No. 17, p. 11, Oct. 21, 1913. (Marelle Waterholes, Marsabit Road, Kenya Colony.) Specimens Examinep: Two, both in BM, from Issore, Imatong Mountains. MerasurEMENTts: No measurements of this form are available from the Sudan since the only two specimens are native skins. Remarks: These two skins are both ‘native’ skins and thus not too reliable but are probably from the Imatong mountains. The thighs and lower hind legs are marked with cross bands of dark gray on a light gray background and not uniformly clear gray as in the next adjacent form johnstoni. This marking of the thighs and legs is far more distinct in the Imatong specimens than in topotypes of arenarius in the British Museum collection. I feel that for the present it is best to refer these specimens from the Imatongs to arenarius since the material is not adequate to definitely establish their true identity. 470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Cercopithecus aethiops marrensis Thomas and Hinton Ficure 3,6 Cercopithecus tantalus marrensis Thomas and Hinton, Proce. Zool. Soe. London, p. 248, July 6, 1928. (Foothills of Jebel Marra, Central Darfur.) SPECIMENS EXamINeEpD: Three, all in BM, from: Foothills of Jebel Marra, 1; Southwestern Jebel Marra, 2. MEASUREMENTS: The type, an adult male, has the following exter- nal measurements: Length of head and body 830; length of tail 1140; length of hind foot 145; length of ear 32. Remarks: This subspecies is more reddish in general tone than are its relatives to the east. The thigh and lower leg, instead of being a shade of clear gray, is of a pronounced yellowish tone. Faint grayisb bars are present on the upper leg. In general these animals are larger than any specimens seen of aethiops or arenarius. Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni Matschie Cercopithecus stuhlmanni Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 225, 1893. (Kinyawanga, northwest of Lake Albert, Belgian Congo.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fifteen, from: Lotti Forest, Imatong Moun- tains 5; Torit, 1; Nagichot, 100 miles east of Torit, 4; Kipia, Imatong Mountains, 2 (BM); Emogadung, Dongotona Mountains, 1 (BM); Char, Didinga Mountains, 1 (BM); forests of Mount Lotuke, Didinga Mountains, 1 (BM). MEASUREMENTS: An adult male from Kipia, Imatong Mountains, and an adult female from Char, Didinga Mountains, respectively show external measurements as follows: Length of head and body 1168, 1290; length of tail 635, 795; length of hind foot 139, 138; length of ear 38, 36. Erythrocebus patas pyrrhonotus (Hemprich and Ehrenberg) Cercopithecus pyrrhonotus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbolae physicae, Mamm., dec. 1, pl. 10 and folios hh, kk, August 1832. (Darfur.) Cercopithecus poliophaeus Reichenbach, V6llstand. Naturg. Affen, p. 122, 1863. (Fazogli, Blue Nile.) Cercopithecus poliolophus Heuglin, Reise in Nordost-Afrika, vol. 2, p. 6, 1877. (Fazogli, Blue Nile.) Erythrocebus albigenus Elliot, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 265, Sep- tember 1909. (Egyptian Sudan.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Six, from: Torit, 3; Kinyeti Valley, Imatong Mountains, 2 (BM); foothills of southern Jebel Marra, 1 (BM). MEASUREMENTS: The external measurements of an adult male from the foothills of southern Jebel Marra are as follows: Length of MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 471 head and body 623; length of tail 725; length of hind foot 162; length of ear 43. Remarks: The three specimens from Torit are all juveniles and thus no measurements are reliable or diagnostic of the race. The two specimens from Kinyeti are “native’’ skins and thus lack measure- ments. The specimen from Jebel Marra is somewhat lighter in color than are the specimens from the southeastern Sudan and this may represent the typical condition; however, since there are no actual topotypes available, or the type specimen itself, these red monkeys are all referred to pyrrhonotus. Colobus polykomos dodingae Matschie Colobus (Guereza) matschiei dodingae Matschie, Ann. Soc. Malac. Zool. Belgique vol. 57, p. 52, 1913. (Southwestern Dodinga (= Didinga) Mountains, about lat. 4°10’ N., long. 33°42’ E., 5,650 feet, Kilio.) SPECIMENS Examinep: Fifteen, from: Lotti Forest, 5 (1 BM); Loronyo, 1; Imurok, 1; Jmela, 1; Issore, 1 (BM); Talanga Forest, Imatong Mountains, 1 (BM); forests of Mount Lotuke, Didinga Moun- tains, 3 (BM); Kipia, Imatong Mountains, 2 (BM); Laboni, Imatong Mountains, 1 (BM). MEASUREMENTs: The external measurements of an adult male and an adult female from Mount Lotuke are, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 1235, 1276; length of tail 690, 685; length of hind foot 180, 180; length of ear 35, 35. Remarks: The specimens from Mount Lotuke may be considered as topotypes of C. p. dodingae. The other specimens from the Ima- tongs and from Torit agree in every detail with those selected as being topotypes. Order PHOLIDOTA Family MANIDAE Manis temminckii Smuts Manis temminckii Smuts, Dissertation zoologica, enumerationem mammalium Capensium continens, p. 54, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2, 1832. (Cape of Good Hope.) Phatages hedenborgii Fitzinger, Sitzb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat., vol. 65, sect. 1, p. 69, 1872. (Sennaar and elsewhere in northeastern and central Africa.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: One, from Torit. Remarks: Only this single pangolin is available from the Sudan in any of the collections studied. Phatages hedenborgii Fitzinger, from Sennaar and elsewhere in northeastern and central Africa, is an available name for Sudanese pangolins but is listed as a synonym of temminckii by Allen (1939, p. 269). 472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Order LAGOMORPHA Family LEPORIDAE Poélagus marjorita larkeni St. Leger Figure 3,c Poélagus marjorita larkeni St. Leger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 16, p. 598, December, 1935. (Yambio District, 100 miles north of Diawo, south- western Bahr-el-Ghazal, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.) Specimens Examinep: Fourteen, allin BM, from: Sue River, near Diawo, 2; Ibba River, 100 miles north of Diawo, 9; Mount Baginzi, 1; Diawo, 2. Measurements: There are no external measurements available but cranial measurements of an adult male and an adult female from Ibba River, 100 miles north of Diawo, are, respectively, as follows: Greatest length of skull 82.3, 91.0; condyloincisive length 79.8, 89.6; greatest width across zygomatic arches 38.7, 40.2; least interorbital width 18.9, 21.5; breadth of braincase 27.6, 28.7; median length of nasals 29.0, 30.6; greatest width of nasals 17.5, 18.9; length of palatal foramina 20.9, 22.4; greatest width of palatal foramina 8.0, 10.4; width of choanae opposite M? 6.0, 5.6; length of upper molar series 14.9, 17.0. Remarks: Major Larken noted on the original labels that these rabbits were locally very common and easily obtainable. They apparently inhabit the open savanna scrub. Poelagus marjorita oweni, new subspecies Figure 3,c Typr: CNHM No. 73950, adult male, skin and skull, from Lotti Forest, southwestern Imatong Mountains, Equatoria Province, Anglo- Egyptian Sudan. Obtained November 21, 1950, by J. S. Owen, original No. 1604. SprecIMENS Examinep: Five, from: Imela, 2; Lotti forest, 1; lmurok, 1 (MCZ); near Katire, 1. Diaqnosis: Nuchal spot near Ochraceous-Tawny, gradually shad- ing over the shoulders into the dark dorsal color which is predomi- nantly blackish but speckled with Cinnamon Buff. Hands and feet near Cinnamon Buff on dorsal surfaces, with lips and anterior and posterior parts of belly white and but lightly washed with Cinnamon Buff. Dorsal color extending around throat and middle of belly but not so much black as in dorsal aspect. Underside of tail white, no stripe on dorsal surface. Skull: Braincase broad, rostrum wide, nasals generally narrow, choanae relatively wide, and zygomatic width relatively great. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 473 MEASUREMENTS OF THE Type SpreciMEN: Total length 510; length of tail 52; length of hind foot 103; length of ear from crown 85; length of ear from notch 65; greatest length of skull 87.1; condyloincisive length 76.6; greatest width across zygomatic arches 41.2; least inter- orbital width 19.4; breadth of braincase 30.6; median length of nasals 29.6; greatest width of nasals 17.3; length of palatal foramina 21.6; greatest width of palatal foramina 9.2; width of choanae opposite M? 6.5; alveolar length of upper molar series 15.8. Comparisons: From Poélagus marjorita marjorita, P. m. oweni differs in: Color generally darker, belly with a transverse band of color same as dorsum separating anterior and posterior portions. The skull is different in that the nasals are shorter, braincase narrower, and the auditory bullae are decidedly smaller. P. m. oweni differs from P. m. larkeni in darker dorsal color and by the presence of the colored transverse band on the belly. The skull has the braincase broader, the nasals generally narrower, the width of the choanae opposite M® greater, and the width across the zygo- matic arches greater. Remarks: The rabbits taken in the eastern part of Equatoria Province have all come from the Imatong Mountains or the immediate vicinity and all were taken in forest-type habitat. It is very probable that when the Didinga and Dongotona Mountains are better known this animal will be found to inhabit them as well. Lepus capensis crawshayi De Winton Ficure 3,d Lepus crawshayi De Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 416, August 1, 1899. (Kitwi, east of Athi River and northeast of Machakos, Kenya Colony.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Six, from: Ikoto, 2; Katire, 2; Nagichot, 2 (MCZ). Remarks: In a series of 10 adult specimens from the Kapiti Plains, British East Africa, two adult skulls measure 85.8 and 86.6 mm. in occipitonasal length while the other eight adults are 85 mm. or less. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951, p. 427) give 85 mm. or less for occipitonasal length for hares of the capensis complex south of the Sahara. It seems then, on the basis of the measurements above, that crawshayi belongs to the capensis group and not with europaeus, where it has been placed by the above authors. Of the four specimens here referred to crawshayi, only one is adult, and in that one the skull is missing. The skin, however, agrees in detail with those specimens in the collection from British East Africa and identified as crawshayt. 474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Lepus capensis dinderus, new subspecies Figure 3,d Type: BM No. 14.3.8.45, adult male, skin and skull, from Kamisa, Dinder River, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained December 24, 1913, by W. P. Lowe, original No. 47. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twelve, all in BM, from: Jebel Ain, White Nile, 1; Sinkat, 4; Kamisa, Dinder River, 4; White Nile, lat. 13°, 1; Port Sudan, 1; Wad Medina, 1. Diagnosis: Nuchal spot, bases of ears, forelegs, throat patch, and a thin line on the posterior lateral part of the body, extending onto the hind leg as far as the ankle, near Ochraceous-Buff. This latter line separating the dorsal color from the pure white belly. All white hairs of belly white to the base. Ears darker than any pure color on body but anterior margin of ear with a thin line of Ochraceous-Buff. Dor- sum with broadly black-tipped hairs, giving a very dark appearance. Tail white below and with a thin black line on the dorsal surface. Eye completely surrounded by a white ring. Chin, belly, inside of forelegs and hindlegs, pure white. Skull, in dorsal outline, curved; postorbital processes reach frontals above zygomatic arches; nasals relatively short but narrow; upper cheek teeth relatively light; bullae relatively small; choanae nearly parallel sided. MEASUREMENTS OF THE T'yPE SPECIMEN: Length of head and body 439; length of tail 79; length of hind foot 105; length of ear 110; greatest length of skull 85.6; condyloincisive length 73.5; greatest width across zygomatic arches 39.5; least interorbital width 17.8; breadth of braincase 28.3; median length of nasals 29.1; greatest width of nasals 18.2; length of palatal foramina 20.6; width of palatal foramina 9.5; width of choanae opposite M?° 7.4; alveolar length of upper molar series 12.6. Comparisons: Lepus capensis dinderus may be distinguished from Lepus capensis isabellinus in its generally darker color, somewhat larger size, and the peculiarity of the doming of the cranium as opposed to a relatively flat dorsal outline in the latter. From Lepus capensis aegyptius, L. c. dinderus differs in: General ground color of pelage gray instead of brown, somewhat larger size, and the doming of the cranium. Lepus capensis dinderus differs from L. c. hawkeri in: Lighter color, broader interorbital region of the skull, smaller auditory bullae, wider basioccipital region, and wider mesopterygoid fossae. Remarks: Lepus capensis dinderus has a rather wide range north of the central swamps of the Sudan. Its place is taken farther to the south by Lepus capensis crawshayi, from which it differs in somewhat MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 475 smaller size and brighter color. Of the subspecies of Lepus capensis found in the Sudan, hawkeri is the most nearly related yet the most distantly removed geographically. Lepus capensis hawkeri Thomas Figure 3,d Lepus hawkeri Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 8, p. 277, October 1911. (Kaka, White Nile.) SPECIMENS Examinep: Twenty-one, all in BM, from: Kaka, White Nile, 1; Zalingei, 5; Kulme, Wadi Aribo, 3; 75 miles east of El Fasher, 1; 50 miles east of E] Obeid, 1; Gerazi, 1; Dorila Lakes, Jebel Marra, 1; 70 miles west of Nahud, 1; Juga Juga, 15 miles east-northeast of E] Fasher, 1; Malhab, 1; Agageh Wells, 2; Jebel Ahmed Aga, 3. MeEAsSUREMENTs: An adult male from Zalingei and an adult female from Kulme, Wadi Aribo, measure respectively as follows: Length of head and body 470, 490; length of tail 85, 100; length of hind foot 104, 112; length of ear 103, 112; greatest length of skull 85.9, 90.8; median length of nasals 35.6, 38.7; least interorbital width 17.1, 19.1; greatest width across zygomatic arches 38.2, ?; condyloincisive length 76.3, 79.9; alveolar length of upper molar series 16.2, 16.5; breadth of braincase 33.8, 34.9. Remarks: This is the darkest subspecies of hare to be found in the Sudan. This darkness is the result of the broad black tips of the hairs of the dorsum. The skull is peculiar in that in dorsal out- line it is “domed” and not flattened as in ZL. c. isabellinus and L. ec. aegyptius. In all other aspects hawkeri is quite typical of what is now considered to be the species capensis. Lepus capensis isabellinus Cretzschmar FIGuRE 3,d Lepus isabellinus Cretzschmar, in Riippell, Atlas zu der Reise im nérdlichen Afrika von Riippell, pt. 1, Saugethiere, p. 52, pl. 20, 1826. (Deserts south- west of Ambukol, Sudan.) SPECIMENS ExaMINED: Sixteen, all in BM, from: Shereik, 2; Kerma, 6; Shendy, 8. MEASUREMENTS: No measurements are available for animals from the Sudan, but an adult male and an adult female from Naikhala, Upper Egypt, which agree in detail with specimens from the Sudan, respectively measure as follows: Length of head and body 420, 435; length of tail 92, 90; length of hind foot 103, 105; length of ear 115, 120; greatest length of skull 82.5, 82.5; median length of nasals, 35.2, ?; least interorbital width 17.2, 13.4; greatest width across zygomatic 476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Crocidura turbo Lnilotica 2.tephra Lepus copensis -~ Lerowshayi | 2dinderus Shawkeri 4 ijsobellinus L = - eee eee Figure 3.—Distribution of Crocidura (in part), Cercopithecus, Poélagus, and Lepus (in part) in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. (Scale: 1 inch=400 miles.) arches 39.8, 39.4; condyloincisive length 72.1, 72.8; alveolar length of upper molar series 15.1, 15.6; breadth of braincase 32.6, 33.3. Remarks: These animals are the lightest in color of any of the hares found in the Sudan. The skull is characterized by having the post- orbital constriction relatively broad, the palatal bridge narrow, the pterygoid fossa constricted more than is usual, and the upper incisors quite narrow at the cutting edge. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 477 Lepus victoriae microtis Heuglin FIGURE 4,a Lepus microtis Heuglin, Leopoldina, vol. 5, p. 32, June 1865, in Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Halle, p. 24, 1865. (‘‘Lande der Ridj.,’’ Bahr-el-Ghazal.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Five, from: Nimule, 1; Torit, 1; Bor District, 2 (BM); Gondokoro, 1 (BM). MeASUREMENTS: An adult female from Nimule measures as follows: Total length 507; length of tail 90; length of hind foot 99; length of ear 100; greatest length of skull 88.5; condyloincisive length 75.8; greatest width across zygomatic arches 38.9; least interorbital width 16.9; breadth of braincase 28.0; median length of nasals 30.6; greatest width of nasals 19.5; length of palatal foramina 22.3; width of palatal foramina 8.7; width of choanae opposite M?’ 7.2; alveolar length of upper toothrow 16.7. Remarks: The specimen from Nimule is somewhat darker than the one from Torit, but both specimens are darker than any identified as victoriae; both are in color about as in kakumegae but cranially are more nearly like microtis as identified in the collection. These specimens are darker than L. c. crawshayi and are, in general, larger in all measurements except in length of tail and length of hind foot. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott refer this subspecies to the species europaeus, but from the material available at this time I prefer to use the specific name victoriae since there are pelage and cranial differences which appear to separate these animals from the European and Middle Eastern specimens of ewropeaus. If the few specimens of hares available in the U.S. National Museum are any criterion, then Ellerman and Morrison-Scott are wrong in their assignation of practically all of the hares of Africa to capensis and europaeus since our material does not conform to the standards of occipitonasal length established to separate the two species. Order RODENTIA Family ScrurIDAE SUBFAMILY Sciurinae Tamiscus emini gazellae Thomas Figure 4,a Tamiscus emini gazellae Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 1, p. 34, January 1918. (Meridi (= Maridi), Bahr-el-Ghazal.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Six, all in BM, from: Maridi, 4; Bahr-el- Ghazal, 1; Aggar Forest, lat. 4°40’ N., long. 29°47’ E., 1. MeasureMEnts: The skull of the type specimen, an adult male for which no external measurements are available, measures as follows: A78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Greatest length 35.2; greatest width across zygomatic arches 19.5; length of nasals 8.9; crown length of upper toothrow 5.7. Remarks: It is apparent that this small chipmunk-like squirrel has reached the northern limit of its distribution where the Congo forest extends into the Sudan. These animals appear to be common in the Congo, where they have undergone a great amount of differentiation but appear to be relatively rare in the Sudan. Unfortunately, all of the skulls in this small series are so badly broken that only on the type could cranial measurements be taken. Heliosciurus gambianus bongensis (Heuglin) Sciurus bongensis Heuglin, Reise in Nordost-Afrika, vol. 2, p. 59, 1877. (Bahr-el- Ghazal.) Specimens EXAmMINep: Six, all in BM, from: Bahr-el-Ghazal, 2; Tobbo, 2; Chak Chak, 1; Khor Gitti, 1. Measurements: No external measurements are available for adult animals, but the skull of an adult male from Khor Gitti measures as follows: Greatest length 42.3; condyloincisive length 37.4; greatest width across zygomatic arches 24.9; length of nasals 11.9; crown length of upper toothrow 8.2. Remarks: This subspecies is not too uniform in color from the localities examined but it is appreciably darker than canaster from the Jebel Marra. The underparts are faintly buffy as opposed to white in canaster. The perineal region is bright rufous in bongensis. The skulls of this subspecies may be distinguished from those of canaster by the shorter nasals, smaller bullae, and a smaller but more rounded braincase. Heliosciurus gambianus canaster Thomas and Hinton Fiaure 4,b Heliosciurus bongensis canaster Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 256, July 6, 1923. (Foothills of the Jebel Marra.) Specimens Examtinep: Four, all in BM, from the type locality. MrasurEeMENTs: The type, an adult male, and two adult females from the type locality, respectively measure as follows: Length of head and body 178, 173, 171; length of tail 217, 187, 208; length of hind foot 44, 42, 45; length of ear 15.5, 19, 15; greatest length of skull 43.7, 43.7, 43.6; condyloincisive length 38.2, 38.2, 37.9; greatest width across zygomatic arches 25.5, 26.4, 25.4; length of nasals 13.6, 13.7, 13.0; crown length of upper toothrow 8.6, 8.1, 8.4. Remarks: Insofar as color is concerned, H. g. canaster and H. g. lateris approach one another quite closely. In the former, though, the color is just a bit less intense and the rufescent perineal region, absent entirely in the latter, is present to a slight degree. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 479 In one of the specimens pelage change is occurring on the tail and the new hairs are coming in a strikingly banded black, white, and gray pattern while the old hairs have faded to a rather uniform brown. Heliosciurus gambianus hoogstreaali Setzer FiaureE 4,b Heliosciurus gambianus hoogstraali Setzer, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, vol. 67, p. 87, Mar. 22, 1954. (Ikoto, Torit District.) SPECIMENS ExamINep: Sixteen, from: Ikoto, 9; Torit, 6; Obbo, 1. MEASUREMENTS: Averages and extremes for six males and three females from Ikoto are, respectively, as follows: Total length 430.1 (410-445), 423 (417-426); length of tail 227.7 (213-242), 207 (204-— 209) ; length of hind foot 51.6 (51-53), 51.6 (51-52); length of ear 16.6 (15-17.5), 17 (16-18); greatest length of skull 48.4 (46.5-49.9), 49.2 (48.6-49.7) ; condyloincisive length 43.0 (40.7—44.9), 43.9 (43.5-44.6) ; greatest width across zygomatic arches 28.4 (26.6-29.2), 28.7 (28.6- 29.0); length of nasals 14.9 (14.2-15.6), 15.1 (15.0-15.2) ; crown length of upper toothrow 9.2 (8.8-9.5), 9.1 (8.8-9.3). Remarks: This is the largest and darkest of the subspecies of H. gambianus found in the Sudan. Intergradation with H. g. omensis and H. g. lateris is apparent in the single specimen available from Obbo and in three of the six specimens from Torit. Heliosciurus gambianus lateris Thomas Figure 4,6 Heliosciurus multicolor lateris Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 102, August 1909. (Lado.) SPECIMENS Examinep: Two, the type and a specimen from Kajo Kaji, 60 miles south of Rejaf, both in BM. MEASUREMENTs: The type, an adult female, has no external measure- ments on the tag, but the skull measures as follows: Greatest length 45.5; condyloincisive length 40.4; greatest width across zygomatic arches 26.7; length of nasals 15.4; crown length of upper toothrow 8.5. Remarks: This squirrel is intermediate in color between bongensis farther to the west and madogae to the east. In this respect only is it intermediate, since in cranial characters there is no evidence of there being any intergradation. This complex of gambianus squirrels occurring in the southern Sudan is rather inexplicable. It seems without reason that three subspecies could occupy so small a geographic area as is apparent. Yet, when specimens are examined, there are morphological characters of the cranium as well as color differences of the skin to warrant the separation of these kinds. 386559—56——3 480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Heliosciurus gambianus madogae Heller Figure 4,b Heliosciurus multicolor madogae Heller, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 1, Feb. 28,1911. (Uma, 50 miles north of Nimule.) SPECIMEN EXAMINED: The type. MeEASUREMENTS: The measurements of the type specimen are as follows: Length of head and body 202; length of tail 204; length of hind foot 44; condyloincisive length of skull 41.5; greatest width across zygomatic arches 27.5; length of nasals 14.0; crown length of upper toothrow 9.0. Remarks: Intergradation between this form and hoogstraali has been shown in specimens from Torit. Even though the type localities of these two forms are rather close together, there are color and cranial differences which separate them readily. In color, they may be separated by the belly which is white in hoogstraali and buffy in madogae. The skulls may be distinguished by the following: in hoogstraali the skull is larger, has larger auditory bullae, has the braincase less rounded, and with the upper toothrows parallel and not diverging posteriorly. It would be interesting to have more examples of these squirrels from this area for a more critical analysis of their characters. It may well be that, when more material is available, especially from the type locality of madogae, the name hoogstraali will have to fall as a synonym; however, for the present and based on available material, the two kinds are readily separable. Euxerus erythropus chadensis Thomas Figure 4,c Eucerus erythropus chadensis Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 15, p. 387, April 1905. (Yo, Lake Chad.) Specimens Examinep: Three, all in BM, from: Jebel Meidob, 1; El Fasher, 1;35 miles west of El Fasher, 1. MEASUREMENTS: An adult female from Jebel Meidob measures as follows: Length of head and body 248; length of tail 207; length of hind foot 58: length of ear 15; greatest length of skull 57.2; condyloincisive length 52.0; greatest width across zygomatic arches 31.0; length of nasals 17.5; crown length of upper toothrow 11.5. Remarks: These animals are far paler in color than any of the surrounding races of this species, and, apparently, the name chadensis is to be recognized as occurring in the Sudan. The specimens agree in detail with animals from Yo, Lake Chad, in color and in cranial features. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 481 Euxerus erythropus leucoumbrinus (Riippell) FIGURE 4,c Sciurus leucoumbrinus Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehorig . . . , Sdugethiere, p. 38, 1835. (Abyssinia, Sennaar, and Kordofan; restricted to Abyssinia by Thomas.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twenty-seven, from: Torit, 9; Obbo, 1; Katire, 1; Opari, 50 miles southwest of Torit, 1; Soba, Blue Nile, 1 (BM); Roseires, Blue Nile, 5 (BM); Wadferua, Blue Nile, 2 (BM); Malek, 1 (BM); Kamisa, Dinder River, 3 (BM); near Gedaref, 1 (BM); no locality except Sudan, 2 (BM). MEASUREMENTS: Averages and extremes of two males and three females, from Torit, are: Total length 444 (425-463), 454 (448-461) ; length of tail 205 (203-208), 202 (197-207); length of hind foot 67 (66-68), 65 (64-66); length of ear 15.75 (15.5-16), 16.3 (16-17); greatest length of skull 58.0 (56.2-59.8), 60.1 (58.4-61.8) ; condyloin- cisive length 52.5 (50.7-54.4), 54.0 (51.5-56.6); greatest width across zygomatic arches 29.6 (29.6), 31.7 (30.9-33.3); length of nasals 16.8 (15.8-18.4), 18.4 (17.2-19.5); length of upper toothrow except P? 10.1 (9.5-11.8), 11.4 (10.6-11.8). Remarks: In general, E. e. microdon from British East Africa has a longer narrower rostrum and a more vaulted cranium than does E. e. leucoumbrinus. In the present series from Equatoria Province there are skulls which are close approximations to the former in nasals but to the latter in the degree of vaulting; and the converse is seen as well as the intermediate type. However, I feel that the squirrels from this Province are intergrades between microdon and leucoumbrinus but, owing to the more constant approach in colora- tion, that they are more referable to the latter. One specimen from Soba approaches the paleness of limitaneus but cranially is identical to leucoumbrinus, and it is thus so referred. This paleness of color may be due to seasonal fading of the pelage and not to some genetic factor. Euxerus erythropus limitaneus Thomas and Hinton FIGureE 4,c Euxerus erythropus limitaneus Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 255, July 6, 1923. (Zalingei, Darfur.) Specimens EXxamINnep: Eleven, all in BM. from: Kulme, Wadi Aribo, 3; Jebel Marra, 2; Zalingei, 1; Dilling, 2: Chak Chak, 2; Talodi, 1. MuasurEMEnNts: The type, an adult female from Zalingei, and an adult male from Jebel Marra respectively measure as follows: Length 482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 106 of head and body 270, 316; length of tail 246, 247; length of hind foot 65, 68; length of ear 17, 16; greatest length of skull 62.5, 62.9; condyloincisive length 57.5, 57.6; greatest width across zygomatic arches 33.4, 32.7; length of nasals 19.3, 19.8; crown length of upper toothrow except P? 11.9, 11.9. Remarks: The color difference between limitaneus and leucoum- brinus is quite pronounced. The former is quite pale and rather uniform in color in the series examined, while the latter is relatively dark and not so uniform in the intensity of color. The only speci- mens showing a deviation in color are those from Dilling and Talodi. The specimens from these two localities are darker than the Jebel Marra material but are lighter than specimens from east of the Nile. In cranial characters they are like limitaneus. Family CricETIDAE Subfamily Lophiomyinae Lophiomys imhausi aethiopicus (Peters) Fraure 4,d Phractomys aethiopicus Peters, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw., Berlin, vol. 29, p. 195, 1867. (Maman, north of Kassala, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.) SPECIMEN EXAMINED: One, from near Port Sudan, in BM. MeAsurREMENTS: The above specimen, an adult male, measures as follows: Length of hind foot 42; length of ear 20; greatest length of skull 55.2; condyloincisive length 50.2; length of anterior palatine foramina 8.5; crown length of upper toothrow 11.7; greatest width across zygomatic arches 30.8; length of nasals 17.9; least interorbital width 11.1; greatest breadth of cranial shield 31.9; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 8.5. Remarks: The subspecific name as used above is only tentative since there appears to be some doubt as to its validity. Certainly the only specimen available was different in color and in general size from typical imhausi identified as such in the British Museum. No specimens of typical aethiopicus were available for comparison. Subfamily Gerbillinae Genus Gerbillus Desmarest Ellerman (1941, pp. 502-503) attempted to group the various species of the subgenus Dipodillus. He placed lowei in the campestris group; principulus in the garamantis group; stigmonyz, watersi, and mackilligini in the dasyurus group; and muriculus in the simoni group. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 483 I cannot comment on the species extralimital to the Sudan, but certainly the species found in the Sudan fall into three rather well defined morphological groups. Species in the first group are larger, the bullae are not greatly inflated, the cheekteeth are relatively massive, and the pterygoid fossae are fully open. To this group belong stigmonyz and lowei. Species in the second group are small bodied, the bullae are enormously inflated, the cheekteeth are small, and the pterygoid fossae are relatively closed owing to the encroach- ment of the anterior ends of the auditory bullae. To this group belong watersi, principulus, muriculus, and mackilligini. In no way can I see that stigmonyx and waters: are related, but it is quite evident that principulus and watersi are closely allied and the former may even be only a subspecies of the latter. The third group of the subgenus would contain the species bottai, which agrees with neither of the above groups but has minute auditory bullae and quite open pterygoid fossae. The cheekteeth are even more massive in proportion to the size of the skull than in the group characterized by lowei and stigmonyz. Since it is apparent that the groups as proposed by Ellerman are untenable for animals of the Sudan, I would propose that the first complex be known as the stigmonyx group; the second as the watersi group; and the third as the bottai group with the characters as given above. Gerbillus (Dipodillus) bottai Lataste Ficure 4,d Gerbillus bottai Lataste, Le Naturaliste, vol. 4, No. 5, p. 36, Mar. 1, 1882. (Sennaar.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Two from Sennaar, both in BM. Measurements: An adult female from Sennaar has no external measurements, but the skull measures as follows: Greatest length 22.7; condyloincisive length 19.6; length of anterior palatine foramina 3.8; crown length of upper toothrow 3.5; length of auditory bullae 7.4; least interorbital width 4.2; length of nasals 7.8; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.8. Remarks: This is a relatively dark, short-tailed species, resembling in color G. mackilligint but somewhat more pallid. The auditory bullae are extremely minute for a member of the genus, smaller even than in G. muriculus. The skull may be distinguished from all of the other species by the small bullae and the extremely wide-open ptery- goid fossae. The upper cheekteeth are relatively heavy for such a small skull. 484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Gerbillus (Dipodillus) lowei (Thomas and Hinton) Figure 4,d Dipodillus lowet Thomas and Hinton, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, p. 261, July 6 1923. (Jebel Marra, Darfur.) ? SPECIMENS Examrinep: Twenty-four, all in BM, from: Jebel Marra, 12; Southeast Downs, Jebel Marra, 2; central Jebel Marra, 10. Measurements: The averages and extremes of two males and three females, from Jebel Marra, are, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 111 (109-113), 110 (110); length of tail 146 (141-151), 146 (143-152); length of hind foot 25.5 (24-27), 26 (25-28); length of ear 15.5 (15-16), 16 (15-17); greatest length of skull 30.9 (30.5- 31.3), 30.7 (29.2-31.7); condyloincisive length 26.9 (26.7-27.2), 26.8 (25.1-28.1); length of anterior palatine foramina 6.0 (5.8-6.3), 5.8 (5.3-6.2); crown length of upper toothrow 4.35 (4.3-4.4), 4.4 (4.3-4.6); length of auditory bullae 9.3 (9.2-9.4), 9.4 (8.8-9.7); least interorbital width 5.3 (5.2-5.4), 5.3 (5.1-5.5); length of nasals 11.7 (11.6-11.9), 11.9 (11.6-12.3); width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.2 (3.1-3.3), 3.0 (2.9-3.1); greatest width across zygomatic arches 15.6 (15.6), 15.2 (14.9-15.6); greatest breadth of braincase 14-7, (14.7), 142 (141-143). Remarks: This species is large and dark, by far the most saturate of any of the gerbils found in the Sudan. The white has been reduced to a minimum on the hands, feet, belly, and cheeks. The tail is dark with a black brush but which is not so well developed as in @. mackil- ligint. The skull is more massive than in G. stigmonyz and is quite reminiscent of the skull of the smaller members of the genus Tatera. Gerbillus (Dipodillus) mackilligini (Thomas) Figure 4,d Dipodillus mackilligini Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 14, p. 158, August 1904. (Wadi Alagi, eastern desert of Nubia, about lat. 22° N., long. 35° E.) SPECIMENS ExXamiNep: Four, all in BM, from Eastern Egyptian desert, lat. 22° N., long. 35° E. MeasureMeEnts: An adult male and an adult female, from the above locality, respectively measure as follows: Length of head and body 78, 75; length of tail 138, 114; length of hind foot 24, 22; length of ear 14, 12; greatest length of skull 27.0, 26.2; condyloincisive length 23.4, 22.7; length of anterior palatine foramina 4.7, 4.6; crown length of upper toothrow 3.7, 3.8; length of auditory bullae 10.1, 9.5; least interorbital width 4.8, 4.8; length of nasals 10.6, 9.8; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.7, 2.6; greatest width across zygomatic arches 13.5, 13.2; greatest breadth of braincase 13.5, 13.4. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 485 Remarks: When compared to Gerbillus watersi, G. mackilligini is larger and much darker in color and with the tail brush well developed. The extent of the white areas has been markedly reduced. The skull is larger, the molars are markedly larger, and the pterygoid fossae are relatively closed as opposed to quite open in the latter. The auditory bullae are relatively, as well as actually, longer and more inflated. The infraorbital foramina are smaller. Gerbillus (Dipodillus) muriculus (Thomas and Hinton) Ficure 4,d Dipodillus muriculus Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 263, July 6, 1923. (Madu, 80 miles northeast of El Fasher.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Two, both in BM, from: Madu, 80 miles northeast of El Fasher, 1; 90 miles northeast of El Fasher, 1. MEASUREMENTS: The type, an adult male, measures as follows: Length of head and body 65; length of tail 82; length of hind foot 18; length of ear 12; greatest length of skull 23.0; condyloincisive length 19.7; length of anterior palatine foramina 3.6; crown length of upper toothrow 3.2; length of auditory bullae 7.8; least interorbital width 4.2; length of nasals 8.9; width of rostrum at level of antorbital fora- men 2.3; greatest width across zygomatic arches 11.8. Remarks: Gerbillus muriculus, when compared to G. principulus, is smaller and more reddish in color. The dorsal color is carried onto the dorsal surface of the tail in the former and not in the latter. The skull is markedly smaller but the anterior palatine foramina are of the same size. The upper cheekteeth and the auditory bullae are markedly smaller. The tail appears to have been broken in the type since a paratype has the tail measuring 115 mm. Gerbillus (Dipodillus) principulus (Thomas and Hinton) Ficure 4,d Dipodillus principulus Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, p. 262, July 6, 1923. (El Malha, Jebel Meidob, Northern Darfur.) SPECIMEN EXAMINED: The type. MerasurEMENTs: The type, an adult female, measures as follows: Length of head and body 73; length of tail 115; length of hind foot 21; length of ear 11; greatest length of skull 26.1; condyloincisive length 22.6; length of anterior palatine foramina 4.0; crown length of upper toothrow 3.4; length of auditory bullae 10.1; least interorbital width 4.5; greatest width across zygomatic arches 14.3; greatest breadth of skull 14.1. Remarks: The type is the only known specimen. In color it is very similar to G. stigmonyzx but has a smaller body with a tail equal to 486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 or nearly equal to the latter. The skull is, in general, smaller, the cheekteeth are decidedly smaller, and the auditory bullae are markedly larger. The pterygoid fossae are less open and the anterior palatine foramina are shorter. In many respects principulus is like watersi and may eventually prove to be only a subspecies of that form. Gerbillus (Dipodillus) stigmonyx stigmonyx (Heuglin) Ficure 4,d Meriones stigmonyx Heuglin, Reise in Nordost-Afrika, vol. 2, p. 78, 1877. (Khartoum.) Gerbillus stigmonyx luteolus Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 8, p. 275, October 1901. (Duem.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seven, all in BM, from: Duem, 1; Khar- toum, 5; El Kowa, 1. MEASUREMENTS: An adult female from El Kowa has the following external measurements: Length of head and body 87; length of tail 104; length of hind foot 20. An adult male from Khartoum and the adult female above have, respectively, the following cranial measure- ments: Greatest length of skull 27.3, 26.5; condyloincisive length 24.8, 23.6; length of anterior palatine foramina 4.9, 4.7; crown length of upper toothrow 3.7, 3.8; length of auditory bullae 9.4, 9.4; least interorbital width 4.9, 4.9; length of nasals 9.9, 9.8; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.9, 2.7; greatest width across zygomatic arches 14.2, 14.2; breadth of braincase 13.5, 13.6. Remarks: Gerbillus s. stigmonyz, when compared to G. mackil- ligini, shows a somewhat longer head and body and a shorter tail. The color is markedly lighter and the heavy brush on the tail found in the latter is not at all pronounced in the former. The skull is narrower at the back, the auditory bullae are markedly less inflated, the anterior palatine foramina are more open and somewhat shorter, the molars are heavier, and the pterygoid fossae are more open. The rostrum is decidedly heavier in stigmonyz and the infraorbital foramen is More open. The type of luteolus differs neither in pelage characters nor cranially from any of the specimens from Khartoum, and, assuming the speci- mens from Khartoum to be topotypes of G. stigmonyz, the name G. s. luteolus described by Thomas from Duem must fall as a synonym. Gerbillus (Dipodillus) watersi De Winton Gerbillus (Dipodillus) watersi De Winton, Nov. Zool., vol. 8, p. 399, December 1901. (Shendy, Upper Nile.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Forty-two, all in BM, from: Shendy, 5; Kerma, 2; Shereik, 1; Atbara, 2; Merowe, 7; Khartoum, 10;$Abu MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 487 Fatima, 1; Port Sudan, 1; Letéti Basin, 1; Khor Hanoieit, 4; eastern Egyptian desert, lat. 22° N., long. 35° E., 8. MeaAsuREMENTs: An adult male from Shendy measures as follows: Length of head and body 67; length of tail 111; length of hind foot 22; length of ear 11; greatest length of skull 24.4; condyloincisive length 21.6; length of anterior palatine foramina 3.9; crown length of upper molar series 3.1; length of auditory bullae 9.4; least interorbital width 4.5; length of nasals 8.7; width of rostrum at level of antorbital fora- men 2.5; greatest width across zygomatic arches 12.6; greatest breadth of braincase 12.5. Remarks: Gerbillus watersi may be distinguished from G. stigmonyz by its smaller body size but the same or nearly the same tail length and by the slightly redder color, except near the Red Sea where both species are nearly the same faded dun color. This same lightening in intensity of color is also seen in G. pyramidum and in G. g. sudanensis, both of which occupy the same geographic range. The skulls of watersi may be separated from those of stigmonyz by their smaller size, less open pterygoid fossae, narrower rostra, smaller cheekteeth (relatively, as well as actually), larger builae, and the smaller anterior palatine foramina of the former. Gerbillus gerbillus agag Thomas Ficure 5,a Gerbillus agag Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 296, August 6, 1903. (Agageh Wells, western Kordofan.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twenty-one, all in BM, from: 25 miles west of En Nahud, 1; east of En Nahud, 1; 100 miles west of En Nahud, 2; 56 miles east of El Fasher, 1; Sayah, 60 miles northeast of El Fasher, 3; 55 miles north of El Fasher, 2; 40 miles west of El Fasher, 4; 90 miles northeast of El Fasher, 1; 105 miles northeast of El Fasher, 1; 19 miles north of El Fasher, 1; El Fasher, 2; Khartoum, 1; Umm Keddada, 1. MeASuREMENTS: An adult male from El Fasher and an adult female from 19 miles north of El Fasher measure, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 78, 80; length of tail 119, 113; length of hind foot ?, 23; length of ear 13, 14; greatest length of skull 29.0, 27.1; condyloincisive length 25.2, 23.3; length of anterior palatine foramina 5.2, 4.3; crown length of upper toothrow 3.9, 3.9; length of auditory bullae, 10.4, 9.6; least interorbital width 5.5, 5.4; length of nasals 11.1, 11.2; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.0, 2.8; greatest width across zygomatic arches 14.0, 14.2; greatest breadth of braincase 13.8, 13.8. Remarks: The type of G. g. agag is an adult male from Agageh Wells. The standard external measurements are 87—100—24—-11. 488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 The skull, though, is so badly broken that no measurements can be taken that would be reliable. In color and from what remains of the skull, the above specimens agree in all respects and in no way seem to vary from the species gerbillus except in the minor characters which are used as criteria for subspecies. Gerbillus gerbillus sudanensis, new subspecies Fiaure 5,a Tyre: BM No. 29.5.19.16, adult male, skin and skull, from Port Sudan, Red Sea Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained July 28, 1928, by E. W. Thomas, original No. 531. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sixteen, all in BM, from: Kerma, 2; Merowe, 1; Wad Habushee, near Shendy, 1; Khor Mog, 2; Khor Hanoieit, 5; Port Sudan, 5. DraGnosis: Upperparts pear Pinkish Cinnamon, purest on sides, flanks, and upper surface of nose. Ears, hands, feet, belly, cheeks to above eyes, postauricular spots, and ventral surface of tail white. Tail brush brownish. Soles of hind feet strongly haired with short white hairs. Skull with short anterior palatine foramina, small molariform teeth, moderately inflated auditory bullae, rostrum relatively short and narrow, nasals relatively short but narrow. MasuREMENTS OF TypE Specimen: Length of head and body 80; length of tail 120; length of hind foot 25; length of ear 12; greatest length of skull 26.2; condyloincisive length 22.4; length of anterior palatine foramina 3.7; crown length of upper toothrow 3.3; length of auditory bullae 9.9; least interorbital width 5.3; length of nasals 9.9; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.8; greatest width across zygomatic arches 14.0; breadth of braincase 13.9. Comparisons: From G. g. agag, G. g. sudanensis differs in lighter color, longer tail, and a brownish instead of blackish brush on the tail. The skull is smaller in all respects, the anterior palatine foramina are shorter, the molars are smaller, the rostrum is narrower and shorter, and the auditory bullae are not so inflated. G. g. sudanensis may be distinguished from G@. g. gerbillus, with which it apparently does not come into contact, by its smaller size and somewhat darker color. Remarks: There are no morphological differences between sudanen- sis and agag except in general size. It is for this reason that sudanensis is described as a subspecies of G. gerbillus. No intergradation has been demonstrated, but undoubtedly occurs. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN SETZER 489 Gerbillus nancillus Thomas and Hinton Gerbillus nancillus Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 260, July 6, 1923. (Plains of Darfur, 45 miles north of El Fasher.) Specimens Examinep: Three, all in BM, from: Haraza, 1; 16 miles east of El] Fasher, 1; 45 miles north of El Fasher, 1. MEASUREMENTS: The measurements of the type, an adult female, are as follows: Length of head and body 54; length of tail 79; length of hind foot 17; length of ear 11; greatest length of skull 20.5; condyloin- cisive length 17.8; length of anterior palatine foramina 3.0; crown length of upper toothrow 3.4; length of auditory bullae 7.4; least interorbital width 3.9; length of nasals 6.9; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.4; breadth of braincase 10.8. Remarks: This diminutive gerbil is in color about like G@. g. agag, but much smaller. The white on the nose, sides, cheeks, and post- auricular spots is more extensive thaninagag. The tail appears almost white except for the minute blackish brush on the distal one-third of the tail. This “brush” is scarcely deserving of the name since it is composed merely of blackish hairs a trifle longer than the lighter hairs meeting it. Gerbillus pyramidum pyramidum E. Geoffroy Cerbillus pyramidum E. Geoffroy, Catalogue des mammiféres du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, p. 202, 1803. (Near Pyramids of Giza, Giza Province, Egypt.) G[erbillus] burtont F. Cuvier, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, p. 145, May 4, 1838. (‘“Dahrfur’’; according to Flower, the type was an animal which James Burton took to Paris alive in 1833.) Meriones dongolanus Heuglin, Reise in Nordost-Afrika, vol. 2, p. 79, 1877 (Dongola.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sixty-eight, all in BM, from: Khartoum, 10; Erkowit, 5; Nubia, 1; Dongola, 3; Sabaluka, 2; Shendy, 11; Port Sudan, 4; Khor Hanoieit, 9; Shereik, 2; Kerma, 7; Hamza, 6; Haraza, 3; Merowe, 2; Tagbo Hills, 1; Jebel Meidob, 2. Measurements: An adult male and an adult female from Khar- toum respectively measure as follows: Length of head and body 100, 109; length of tail 129, 135; length of hind foot 30, 30; length of ear 15, 15; greatest length of skull 31.7, 32.5; condyloincisive length 27.3, 28.1; length of anterior palatine foramina 5.7, 5.6; crown length of upper toothrow 4.3, 4.4; length of auditory bullae 11.3, 11.2; least interorbital width 5.8, 6.1; length of nasals 12.1, 12.3; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.3, 3.3; greatest width across zygomatic arches 16.6, 16.4; greatest breadth of braincase 15.6, 15.4. 490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Remarks: Ellerman (1941, p. 509) lists the names burton, pygargus, and dongolanus as synonyms of the nominate form. It seems odd that other kinds of gerbils tend to form subspecies over this same area and yet this species does not. When specimens from the Sudan are compared to topotypes from Giza, there is a decidedly lighter color which becomes progressively lighter as the Red Sea coast is approached. The animals from the Red Sea coast area have, in general, narrower molars than the typical animals but certain few have the teeth as large. In specimens from Dongola, topotypes of dongolanus show no appreciable differences from typical pyramidum except in the narrow- ness of the molars. A single specimen from Port Sudan is perhaps indicative of an undescribed species in that the auditory bullae are expanded beyond all proportion for pyramidum and the color of the pelage is markedly darker. The specimens from Tagbo Hills and from Jebel Meidob are far paler in color than any other specimens seen. The skulls, however, agree with animals from other localities. It is not possible, at this time, to tell whether or not one is dealing with several subspecies or merely clinal variation of a single sub- species occupying a vast geographic range. Material from inter- mediate localities is needed to clarify this problem. It seems rather probable that there is more than one subspecies concerned in the area. Gerbillus rosalinda St. Leger Cerbillus rosalinda St. Leger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 4, p. 295, Septem- ber 1929. (Abu Zabad, 145 km. southwest of El Obeid, Kordofan.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Four, all in BM, from: Abu Zabad. MerasureMENTS: No external measurements are available, but the skull of an adult male from Abu Zabad measures as follows: Greatest length of skull 31.8; condyloincisive length 27.4; length of anterior palatine foramina 5.2; crown length of upper molar series 3.9; length of auditory bullae 11.4; least interorbital width 5.6; length of nasals 13.1; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.3; greatest breadth of skull 15.5. Remarks: The color of the above specimens is a dark reddish brown with the white reduced markedly on the sides, cheeks, and supraorbital and postauricular spots. The color of the back is car- ried on to the dorsal surface of the tail until the black hairs of the brush begin. The brush occupies the distal one-third of the tail. In size, G. rosalinda closely approaches G. pyramidum, but because of the smallness of the teeth, the conformation of the anterior palatine foramina, and the pterygoid structure it is retained as a separate species for the present. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 491 gombianus L.bongensis 2. canoster 3. hoogstrooli AN. 4 loteris | 5.madogoe ¢ ) oo ee I.Lepus victorioe | ( microtis \ 2Taomiscus emini | X Lophiomys Limhousi Gerbillus 2 bottai 3.lowei | 4.mackiltigini S.muriculus 6.principulus T7.stigmonyx Lchadensis 2.leucoumbrinus 3.limitaneus —— Figure 4.—Distribution of Lepus (in part), Tamiscus, Heliosciurus, Euxerus, Lophiomys and Gerbillus (in part) in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. (Scale: 1 inch=400 miles.) Tatera benvenuta benvenuta (Hinton and Kershaw) Taterona benvenuta Hinton and Kershaw, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 6, p. 97, July 1920. (Bahr-el-Jebel, Mongalla.) Specimens Examinep: Eighty-two, from: Torit, 40 (12, MCZ); Ikoto, 1; Obbo, 1; Nimule, 2; Juba, 2; Magwe, 36 miles southwest of Torit, 1 (MCZ); Murukurun, 50 miles east of Torit, 1 (MCZ); Mura, Lofit Hills, 1 (MCZ); Loa, 18 miles north of Nimule, 3 (MCZ); central Jebel Marra, 2 (BM); 40 miles north of Bor, 1 (BM); Eros, Didinga Mts., 1 (BM); 60 miles west-southwest of El Fasher, 2 (BM); Bor, 1 492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 (BM); foothills, southern Jebel Marra, 3 (BM); 40 miles west of El Fasher, 1 (BM); Duk Fagioil, 1 (BM); northeastern Jebel Marra, 1 (BM); Kurra, northeastern Jebel Marra, 1 (BM); Chak Chak, 3 (BM); Kulme, Wadi Aribo, 5 (BM); Wadi Kongei, east-central Jebel Marra, 3 (BM); Mongalla, 2 (BM); Um Dona, 1 (BM); Agur, 1 (BM); Delami, 1 (BM). MEASUREMENTS: Average and extreme measurements, respectively, of ten males and three females from Torit are as follows: Length of head and body 160.6 (141-175), 147.5 (141-158); length of tail 159.6 (145-178), 167.5 (154-174); length of hind foot 37.1 (35-38), 37.5 (36-39); length of ear 21 (19-23), 20.5 (19-21); condyloincisive length of skull 35.5 (83.2-37.3), 35.3 (33.1-37.1); greatest length of skull 40.9 (38.2-43.4), 41.1 (38.6-43.1); greatest width across zygo- matic arches 21.0 (20.2-22.2), 20.5 (19.5-21.5); least interorbital width 6.7 (6.4-7.0), 6.6 (6.4-6.8); length of nasals 16.1 (14.2-17.9), 16.3 (14.8-17.4); crown length of upper toothrow 6.4 (5.9-6.7), 6.4 (6.2-6.7); length of auditory bullae 11.4 (11.0-11.8), 11.3 (11.1-11.7); depth of braincase at level of auditory bullae 15.6 (14.9-16.3), 16.0 (15.8-16.4). Remarks: There is no detectable difference in the animals from Torit and those obtained from the Jebel Marra. The amount of variation in any given series is quite remarkable, especially as regards color. All specimens, though, show the lack of the tuft on the tail and the cranial characters are all within a normal range of variation for any given series. The amount of variation noted in color may be explained on the basis of seasonal difference. Tatera flavipes G. M. Allen Tatera flavipes G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 58, p. 331, July 1914. (Aradeiba, above Roseires, Blue Nile.) SPECIMEN ExamInep: The type. MEAsuREMENTS: The type specimen, an adult female, measures as follows: Total length 343; length of tail 172; length of hind foot 40.5; length of ear 23; condyloincisive length of skull 40.5; greatest length of skull 44.0; greatest width across zygomatic arches 22.3; least inter- orbital width 7.4; length of nasals 16.9; crown length of upper tooth row 6.6; length of auditory bullae 12.2; depth of braincase at level of auditory bullae 16.9. Remarks: The dorsal color of flavipes is somewhat darker than benvenuta; the dorsal surface of the tail and the ears are darker; the tail is longer; and the hind foot is decidedly longer and wider. The upper cheekteeth are larger labiolingually; the auditory bullae are larger and more inflated; the rostrum is wider and longer; the upper MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 493 incisors are more proodont; the zygomatic arches are more angular; and the braincase is deeper and more rounded dorsally. The type of flavipes is a younger animal than any of the specimens with which it was compared. In spite of its youthfulness it is larger than an adult of benvenuta, to which complex it definitely belongs. The tail in flavipes, like in benvenuta and soror, is untufted. This complex is indeed puzzling, and more material is needed to under- stand the problem of the relationships of these species. Tatera macropus (Heuglin) Ficure 5,6 Meriones macropus Heuglin, Reise in Nordost-Afrika, vol. 2, p. 79, 1877. (Bongo, Bahr-el-Ghazal region.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Three, all in BM, from: Halfway between Chak Chak and Dem Zubeir, 2; near Chak Chak, 1. MerasureMENts: An adult male from near Chak Chak has the following measurements: Length of head and body 180; length of tail 170; length of hind foot 35; length of ear 19; condyloincisive length of skull 32.2; greatest length of skull 38.2; greatest width across zygomatic arches 19.1; least interorbital width 6.6; length of nasals 15.5; crown length of upper toothrow 6.0; length of auditory bullae 10.2; depth of braincase at level of auditory bullae 15.2. REMARKS: These animals are of a decidedly reddish color and have a pronounced tuft on the distal end of the tail. This brush is much more distinct than that in 7. robusta to which macropus is obviously allied and which may eventually prove to be only a subspecies of the former. Tatera robusta robusta (Cretzschmar) Ficure 5,6 Meriones robustus Cretzschmar, in Riippell, Atlas zu der Reise im nérdlichen Afrika von Riippell, pt. 1, Sdugethiere, p. 75, 1826. (Kordofan.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Thirty-seven, all in BM, from: Jebel Meidob, 4; Naikhala, Upper Egypt, 6; 6 miles west of Hl Fasher, 9; 40 miles west of El Fasher, 3; 40 miles west-southwe:t of Hl Fasher, 3; Kordofan, 1; 170 miles east of El Fasher, 1; 90 miles east of El Fasher, 1; Tina Wells, 1; 115 miles northeast of El Fasher, 1; 16 miles east of El Fasher, 1; En Nahud, 1; 55 miles north of El Fasher, 1; 52 miles west-southwest of Hl Fasher, 1; El Fasher, 1; 5 miles west of El Obeid, 2. MeasurEMENTs: An adult male from Naikhala, Upper Egypt, measures as follows: Length of head and body 123; length of tail 170; length of hind foot 33; length of ear 17; condyloincisive length of skull 32.7; greatest length of skull 37.1; greatest width across zygo- matic arches 18.2; least interorbital width 6.5; length of nasals 15.0; 494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 crown length of upper toothrow 5.5; length of auditory bullae 9.9; depth of braincase at level of auditory bullae 13.6. Remarks: This species may be distinguished from 7. benvenuta by its generally smaller size, lighter color, and conspicuous brush at the tip of the tail. Tatera robusta taylori Hatt Figure 5,6 Tatera robusta taylort Hatt, Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 791, p. 1, April 11, 1935: (Khor Birum, Red Sea Hills.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twenty, all in BM, from: Sinkat, 2; Soba, 6; El Kowa, 3; Shendy, 6; Tamaméel, 1; Roseires, 1; Sennaar, 1. MEASUREMENTS: An adult male from Sinkat measures as follows: Length of head and body 129; length of tail 174; length of hind foot 37; length of ear 21; condyloincisive length of skull 32.0; greatest length of skull 39.6; least interorbital width 6.8; length of nasals 16.5; crown length of upper toothrow 5.9; length of auditory bullae 10.3; depth of braincase at level of auditory bullae 14.1. Remarks: This subspecies is somewhat paler in general, over-all color than is the nominate form from Kordofan. The auditory bullae are markedly less inflated and the anterior palatine foramina are shorter than in robusta. The hamulae are shorter and lighter in structure. As the Nile or the Abyssinian highlands are approached, the color of the pelage tends to darken. Tatera soror G. M. Allen Figure 5,6 Tatera soror G. M. Allen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 58, p. 333, July 1914. (Fazogli, Blue Nile.) SPECIMEN EXAMINED: The type. MEASUREMENTS: The type, an old adult female, measures as fol- lows: Total length 299; length of tail 158; length of hind foot 34; length of ear 20; condyloincisive length of skull 34.6; greatest length of skull 38.4; greatest width across zygomatic arches 20.2; least inter- orbital width 6.4; length of nasals 16.3; crown length of upper tooth- row 6.2; length of auditory bullae 10.2; depth of braincase at level of auditory bullae 14.3. Remarks: The species sovor is the smallest of the species of Tatera occurring in the Sudan. The auditory bullae are small; the rostrum is narrow; and the cheekteeth are as wide as in benvenuta but not so massive as in flavipes. The anterior palatine foramina are markedly MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 495 short and narrow; the braincase is much flattened; the nasals are narrow but relatively long; and the lachrymal bone is small. The type is an old adult with much-worn teeth. Hinton and Kershaw (1920, p. 99) considered soror to be a member of the ben- venuta complex, which seems to be correct. The tail in both soror and flavipes is untufted, but whether this is of significance in allocating species to groups is quite questionable. Genus Taterillus Thomas So far as can be determined at this time, there is no character by which emini, anthonyi, butleri, rufus, perluteus, and clivosus can be distinguished as species. Hatt (1934, p. 3) mentions integradation of anthonyi with butleri, and in certain specimens from Delami, Nuba Mountains, there is what appears to be integradation with rufus. While no actual intergradation can be demonstrated between gyas and any of the contiguous kinds, there are certainly no morpho- logical differences to warrant retention of this form as a full species. The peripheral kinds, gyas, emini, and clivosus, are all dark in color, while those in the center of the area under consideration are paler and ending in the palest of the group in perluteus. Hatt (1934, p. 3) when describing anthonyi, referred to the species congicus as a subspecies of T. emini. From the degree of morpholog- ical difference, and owing to the fact that specimens from Wau are immediately separable as T. e. butleri and as T. congicus, I feel that congicus should stand as a full species until its relationship with an allied species, T. nigeriac, has been clarified. It is certainly not a part of the complex known as the emini group. Since T. rufus and T. butleri are shown to be only subspecies of one species, the name Gerbillus (Taterina) lorenzi Wettstein, which has been considered synonymous with 7. butleri, should be transferred to the synonymy of 7. e. rufus which shares its type locality but has page preference. Color, as such, in these gerbils is relatively constant but there is some divergence in one given population such as may be seen in specimens from the vicinity of El Fasher and from Torit. In com- parison with the degree of variation found in the crania (in regard to the auditory bullae, the lateral bowing of the anterior palatal foramina, and other characters) color varies not at all. It is only by comparing the skin and the skull with known specimens that one can arrive at any satisfactory determination. 386559—56——-4 496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Taterillus congicus Thomas Ficure 5,6 Taterillus congicus Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 16, p. 147, August 1915. (Poko, Upper Uele River, Belgian Congo.) SpEcIMENS ExaminepD: Three, all in BM, from: Wau, 2; Yei, 1. MrasuREMENTS: The measurements of an adult male from Yei are as follows: Length of head and body 120; length of tail i140; length of hind foot 33; length of ear 19; condyloincisive length of skull 30.3; greatest length of skull 35.6; length of nasals 14.2; least inter- orbital width 6.3; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.2; crown length of upper toothrow 5.0; length of auditory bullae 9.0; depth of skull at level of auditory bullae 13.8; greatest width across zygo- matic arches 17.2; greatest width of skull 16.3. Remarks: 7’. congicus differs from T. emini and its subspecies in that the pterygoid fossae are deeper and not so widely flaring, anterior palatine foramina are relatively shorter, the auditory bullae are more inflated anteriorly and antero-laterally, and the anterior portion of the skull is flatter and less decurved. So far as color is concerned there is no discernible difference between the two species. However, when specimens from the same locality are compared they are readily separable by means of the skull. Taterillus emini anthonyi Hatt Figure 5,c Taterillus emini anthonyt Hatt, Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 708, p. 2, Apr. 4, 1934. (White Nile, west bank, 20 miles south of Jebel Ain.) SPECIMEN EXAMINED: The type. MrasuREMENTS: The type, an adult female, measures as follows: Total length 316; length of tail 182; length of hind foot 35; condyloin- cisive length of skull 33.1; length of nasals 14.7; least interorbital breadth 7.3; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.1; crown length of upper toothrow 4.9; length of auditory bullae 10.0; depth of skull at level of auditory bullae 14.4; greatest width across zygomatic arches 15.8. Remarks: The type and one paratype are the only known examples of this subspecies. Hatt, in comparing these two specimens with types in the British Museum, remarked that these were strikingly different but specimens in the British Museum from intermediate localities suggested complete intergradation. It is quite apparent to me also that intergradation does occur with the form immediately to the west, which is rufus. For additional remarks see under 7. e. rufus. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 497 Taterillus emini butleri Wroughton Figure 5,c Taterillus butlert Wroughton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 6, pp. 293-294, September 1910. (Dugdug, Bahr-el-Ghazal.) Gerbillus (Taterillus) kadugliensis Wettstein, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.- Nat., vol. 58, p. 151, 1916. (Kadugli, southern Kordofan.) SPECIMENS Examinep: Ten, all in BM, from: Dugdug, 3; Katta, northwest of Wau, 2; Wau, 1; Raffili, 4. MeraAsuREMENTS: The measurements of the type, an adult female from Dugdug, are as follows: Length of head and body 120; length of tail 150; length of hind foot 29; length of ear 18; condyloincisive length of skull 30.1; greatest length of skull 34.6; length of nasals 14.1; least interorbital width 6.3; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.9; crown length of upper toothrow 4.7; length of auditory bullae 9.0; depth of skuil at level of auditory bullae 13.6; greatest width across zygomatic arches 15.9. Remarks: For remarks see under the heading of genus Taterillus. Taterilius emini clivosus Thomas and Hinton Fiaure 5,c Taterillus clivosus Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 258, July 6, 1923. (Kurra, Jebel Marra.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nineteen, all in BM, from: Jebel Marra, 1; Kurra, northeastern Jebel Marra, 11; Kulme, Wadi Aribo, 7. MeasureMENts: An adult female from Kurra, northeastern Jebel Marra, has the following measurements: Length of head and body 120; length of tail 171; length of hind foot 32; length of ear 18; condyl- oincisive length of skull 31.3; length of nasals 14.9; least interorbital width 6.3; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.3; crown length of upper toothrow 5.2; length of auditory bullae 9.6; depth of skull at level of auditory bullae 14.0; greatest width across zygomatic arches 18.8; greatest breadth of skull 16.8. Remarks: The type, a specimen from Kurra, is aberrant from the rest of the type series in that it is somewhat darker dorsally and has a white tip on the tail. However, the skulls all agree in fundamental details. One specimen from Kurra, northeastern Jebel Marra, is an apparent intergrade between clivosus and T. e. perluteus. In color the specimen is intermediate, in the shape of the auditory bullae it is like the latter, and in size it is like the former. In the majority of the cranial characters it is more nearly like clivosus. The series from Kulme, Wadi Aribo, is consistently darker than the type, but in cranial features it is identical with the type. 498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 108 Taterillus emini emini (Thomas) Figure 5,c Gerbillus emini Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 78, January 1892. (Wadelai, Uganda.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sixty-two, from: Torit, 34 (13, MCZ); Obbo, 6; Ikoto, 1; Moli, 30 miles north of Nimule, 3 (MCZ); Juba, 1 (BM); Malek, 14 (BM); Mongalla, 2 (BM); “Upper Nile,” 1 (BM). MEASUREMENTS: Averages and extremes for three adult males and three adult females from Torit, are as follows: Length of head and body 119 (106-130), 113 (99-124); length of tail 153 (150-157), 153 (145-160); length of hind foot 32.6 (31-34), 32.6 (31-34); length of ear 18.6 (17-19), 18.6 (18-19); condyloincisive length of the skull 28.0 (27.6-28.4), 28.8 (28.3-29.7); greatest width across zygomatic arches 18.4 (17.8-19.2), 18.1 (17.9-18.2); least interorbital width 6.2 (5.9- 6.4), 6.1 (5.9-6.3); length of nasals 13.7 (13.3-14.0), 14.1 (13.7-14.7); crown length of upper toothrow 4.9 (4.7—5.0), 4.9 (4.8-5.0); length of auditory bullae 9.3 (9.0-10.0), 9.1 (8.8-9.4); depth of skull at level of auditory bullae 14.1 (13.8-14.5), 13.9 (13.7-14.0). Remarks: The two specimens from Mongalla are much redder in color than are any of the other specimens assigned to this subspecies. This deepening of color, however, appears to be caused by old worn pelage exposing more of the subterminal band of color. Taterillus emini gyas Thomas Figure 5,c Taterillus gyas Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 2, p. 150, August 1918. (Kamisa, Dinder River.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Six, ali in BM, from Kamisa. MEASUREMENTS: The type, an adult female, messures as follows: Length of head and body 127; length of tail (not the type) 175; length of hind foot 34; length of ear 21; condyloincisive length of the skull 35.0; greatest length of the skull 39.0; greatest breadth across zygo- matic arches 19.5; length of nasals 15.6; least interorbital breadth 7.3; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.2; length of auditory bullae 10.2; crown length of upper molar series 5.5. REMARKS: See under the heading of genus Taterillus. Taterillus emini perluteus Thomas and Hinton FicureE 5,c Taierillus perluteus Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 259, July 6, 1923. (Umm Keddada.) SPECIMENS ExXxamInep: Twenty-three, all in BM, from: Umm Keddada, 5; 35 miles north of El Fasher, 1; 190 miles east of El MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 499 Fasher, 1; Hamza, 1; El Fasher, 2; 110 miles east of El Fasher, 1; Madu, 80 miles east of El Fasher, 1; 60 miles west of El Fasher, 2; 49 miles west-southwest of El Fasher, 3; 35 miles west-southwest of El Fasher, 1; near Tagbo Hills, 1; 25 miles east of En Nahud, 2; Jebel Meidob, 2. MraAsureMENts: An adult female from Umm Keddada, measures as follows: Length of head and body 116; length of tail 151; length of hind foot 29; length of ear 21; condyloincisive length of skull 31.3; ereatest length of skull 36.8; length of nasals 15.0; least interorbital width 6.4; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.0; crown length of upper toothrow 5.0; length of auditory bullae 10.4; depth of skull at level of auditory bullae 14.1; breadth of braincase 16.6. Remarks: Intergradation with 7”. e. rufus is noted in the two speci- mens from near En Nahud in the intermediacy of color and in the shape and degree of inflation of the auditory bullae. The same characters indicate intergradation in the specimens from west- southwest of El Fasher with clivosus. Taterillus emini rufus (Wettstein) FIGuRE 5,¢ Gerbillus (Tatera) rufa Wettstein, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat., vol. 53, p. 131, 1916. (El Obeid.) Gerbillus (Taterina) lorenzi Wettstein, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat., vol. 53, p. 152, 1916. (El Obeid.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twenty-two, all in BM, from: 20 miles west of El Obeid, 1; 50 miles west of El Obeid, 4; Agur, 6; Nuba Mountains, 5; Delami, 5; Um Dona, 1. MeEasureMENTs: An adult male from 20 miles west of El Obeid, measures as follows: Length of head and body 1390; length of tail 175: length of hind foot 32; length of ear 21; condyloincisive length of skull 33.0; length of nasals 15.6; least interorbital width 6.9; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.1; crown length of upper toothrow 5.1; length of auditory bullae 10.1; depth of skull at level of auditory bullae 14.5; breadth of braincase 16.4. REMARKS: Specimens from the Nuba Mountains appear to be intermediate in several characters between T. e. butleri and T. e. rufus. This intermediacy is demonstrated in the color of the pelage and the size and shape of the auditory bullae. In all other characters of the skull, though, they are more nearly like rufus. The five specimens from Delami appear to be intergrades in color and size with T. e. anthonyt. Hatt (1934, p. 3) states that specimens from 50 miles west of El Obeid are in many respects intermediate between 7. e. butlert and T. e. anthonyi. Apparently Hatt overlooked the paper by Wettstein 500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 in 1916 in which he proposed the name rufus with the type locality at El Obeid. Certainly the material available for study has shown that the animals from the vicinity of El Obeid are different than any of the surrounding kinds and that the name rufus should stand. It is also apparent that the name 7’. e. anthony? is valid but that the range of this subspecies lies between the Nile and the Nuba Mountains, where the characters of rufus and anthony? blend. Desmodilliscus braueri Wettstein Desmodilliscus brauert Wettstein, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat., vol. 53, p. 153, 1916. (Between Um Ramad and Nubbaka, south of El Obeid, Kordofan.) Specimens ExaminepD: Two, both in BM, from: 75 miles west of El Obeid, 1; 140 miles east of El Fasher, 1. MEASUREMENTS: An adult male from 75 miles west of El Obeid measures as follows: Length of head and body 57; length of tail 45; length of hind foot 15; greatest length of skull 21.8; condyloincisive length 18.5; crown length of upper toothrow 2.9; length of auditory bullae 9.3; least interorbital width 4.0; length of nasals 7.7; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.6. Remarks: This is a small, short-tailed, silky furred mouse with pronounced postauricular white spots. The hind feet are long in proportion to the body. The skull is small but robust and with the auditory bullae occupying an inordinate amount of the total size. The bullae are readily visible from above and encompass the condyles below. Both pairs of palatine foramina are long and wide open. Meriones libycus pallidus Bonhote Meriones crassus pallidus Bonhote, Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, No. 103, p. 3, February 13, 1912. (Atbara.) SPECIMENS ExAmINnep: Eight, all in BM, from: Atbara, 3; Berber, 2; Shereik, 1; Kerma, 2. MerasurEeMEnts: An adult male and an adult female from Atbara measure, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 127, 126; length of tail 110, 130; length of hind foot 28, 31; length of ear 17, 16; greatest length of skull 39.9, 38.5; condyloincisive length 35.4, 33.5; crown length of upper toothrow 4.9, 4.8; length of auditory bullae 16.4, 16.1; greatest width across zygomatic arches 21.1, 19.5; least interorbital width 6.5, 5.8; length of nasals 14.3, 14.3; breadth of braincase 22.2, 21.5. Remarks: The genus Meriones is a North African element pene- trating along with the desert into northern Sudan from Egypt. Its main distribution lies to the north and east into western Asia. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 501 The two specimens from Kerma are somewhat paler in color than are the animals from Atbara. This may be due to a difference in pelage owing to season. The skulls, however, present no peculiarities. Psammomys obesus elegans Heuglin Psammomys elegans Heuglin, Reise in Nordost-Afrika, vol. 2, p. 80, 1877. (Suakin.) SPECIMENS Examinep: Four, all in BM, from Port Sudan. MEASUREMENTS: An adult male and an adult female from Port Sudan measure, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 162, 140; length of tail 136, 125; length of hind foot 35, 31; length of ear 13, 11; greatest length of skull 39.8, 38.8; condyloincisive length 36.1, 35.9; crown length of upper toothrow 5.9, 5.9; length of auditory bullae 13.7, 13.4; greatest width across zygomatic arches 22.5, 22.4; least interorbital width 6.6, 6.5; length of nasels 13.8, 13.7; greatest breadth of braincase 22.7, 22.8. Remarks: These specimens are quite reddish and lack the black wash on the dorsal surface of the body which is so typical of other members of the genus. The belly is decidedly lighter in color but still heavily washed with buff. The hands and feet are as the color of the belly, the black tip of the tail occupies about one-fourth of the total length. Ellerman (1951, p. 538) considers elegans to be a synonym of obesus. This is not the case, however. The population, as judged by the specimens from Port Sudan, vary to the same degree from typical obesus as does nicolli, Although no actual intergradation can be demonstrated from the few specimens available, I cannot agree with Allen (1939, p. 330) that this is a good species nor can I agree with Ellerman (loc. cit.) that this a synonym of obesus. Thus I prefer to express its taxonomic position in the above combination. In general, these animals resembly Meriones but are grosser in appearance. The skulls are grosser, the incisor faces are plain, the bullae are not so inflated ventrally, and the suprameatal triangle is nearly obliterated. Family MuRIDAE _ Subfamily Murinae Grammomys macmillani erythropygus, new subspecies FIGuRE 5,d Type: CNHM No. 67061, adult male, skin and skull, from Obbo, Torit District, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained March 22, 1950, by Harry Hoogstraal, original No. 5321. SPECIMENS ExamINED: Sixty-three, from: Malek, 1 (BM); Obbo, 37; Torit, 19 (4, MCZ) ; Lokwi, 25 miles southwest of Torit, 1; Katire, 502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 1; Ngaboli, 47 miles north of Torit, 1 (MCZ); Ngabara, near Obbo, | (MCZ) ; Talanga Forest, Imatong Mountains, 1 (MCZ); Gilo, Imatong Mountains, 1 (MCZ). Dracnosis: Upperparts of mixed coloration; anteriorly grayish brown with some admixture of Sayal Brown gradually shading at about the middle of the back into primarily Sayal Brown intermixed with black-tipped hairs, thus presenting a ‘‘2-toned” appearance; color of anterior and posterior parts of the dorsum shading over the sides into a neutral grayish color which is bordered ventrally by a thin line of Pinkish Buff extending from the forearm along the sides and over the fianks onto the lower leg. Upper lips, under side of forelegs, under parts of thighs and entire belly pure white; tail brownish and indis- tinctly bicolor. Skull relatively large and robust; dorsal outline relatively flat, rostrum short and broad, anterior palatine foramina relatively short, and auditory bullae relatively large. MEASUREMENTS OF THE Typr Specimen: Length of head and body 107; length of tail 180; length of hind foot 25; length of ear 20; greatest length of skull 29.3; condylobasal length 24.5; least interorbital width 4.5; length of nasals 10.4; crown length of upper toothrow 4.4. Comparisons: G. m. erythropygus is in color like G. s. elgonis, but the skull is flatter, the upper cheek teeth are wider, the auditory bullae are somewhat larger, anterior palatine foramina are shorter, and the basioccipital is narrower. The present-named form is like the type and a paratype of G. m. gazellae in color but the skull is larger in all measurements taken except for the length of the anterior palatine foramina, which are shorter. G. m. erythropygus differs from the type of G. macmillani in that the color is less intense and does not extend so far forward on the body. The skull of the former is larger, the anterior palatine foramina are longer, the posterior choanae are wider and longer, the auditory bullae are larger, and the palate is somewhat wider. From the type of G. surdaster, G. m. erythropygus differs in less intense color, the skull is flatter in dorsal outline, the auditory bullae are somewhat larger, the anterior palatine foramina are narrower and longer, and the rostrum is somewhat heavier. The color of G. m. aridulus is decidedly paler than is @. m. erythro- pygus. The skull is about the same size but aridulus has the anterior palatine foramina somewhat shorter and the zygomatic arches are somewhat heavier. From a paratype of G. s. polionops the present subspecies differs in a lighter color throughout. The skulls are larger, the anterior palatine foramina longer, the posterior choanae wider, the palate is wider, the MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 503 auditory bullae are somewhat larger, and the rostrum is somewhat heavier. Remarks: From the degree of variation as may be noted in the section on comparisons, it is apparent that none of the characters formerly used to separate G. macmillani and G. surdaster are of more than subspecific worth. The characters usually associated with surdaster may be found in the types of macmillani and the converse is also true. I feel, therefore, since these characters are duplicated and do overlap to a great degree, that the animals formerly known as surdaster should now be called macmillani. The names in question are: Grammomys macmillani surdaster, G. m. insignis, G. m. polionops, G. m. littoralis, G. m. callithriz, and G. m. discolor. Grammomys macmillani aridulus Thomas and Hinton Ficure 5,d Grammomys aridulus Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 268, July 6, 1923. (Kulme, Wadi Aribo.) SPECIMEN EXAMINED: The type. MEASUREMENTS: The type, an adult male, measures as follows: Length of head and body 115; length of tail 175; length of hind foot 24; length of ear 18; greatest length of skull 29.4; condylobasal length 24.6; zygomatic width 14.3; least interorbital width 4.5; length of nasals 11.0; crown length of upper toothrow 4.3. Remarks: G. m. aridulus is the palest of any of the subspecies of this genus occurring in the Sudan. The anterior palatine foramina are shorter than in any of the other kinds. Since the type is the only known specimen, it is with some misgiving that I assign it to the species macmillani. However, in all of the characters of the skull and skin there is no one character by which it might be accorded specific rank and by assigning the type to this species probably more nearly expresses the true relationship. Grammomys macmillani gazellae (Thomas) Ficure 5,d Thamnomys macmillani gazellae Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 5, p. 282, March 1910. (Chak Chak, Bahr-el-Ghazal.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Six, all in BM, from: Bendele, Yambio District, 1; “Upper Nile,” 1; Tembura, 1; Chak Chak, 2; Loavie, near Fort Berkeley, 1. MEASUREMENTS: The measurements of an adult male paratype from Chak Chak are as follows: Length of head and body 105; length of tail 165; length of hind foot 28; greatest width across zygomatic 504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 arches 13.0; least interorbital width 4.1; length of nasals 9.6; crown length of upper toothrow 4.0. === oA: TY | Hl | iM =F a HIATT) My si y \ | i) i a a wo up | HN Ss iat “ATA A | | Mil i Ke Ase 4 Noel | b | ly Taterillus smini Lonthonyi : ) 2 butleri | eee Grommomys macmilioni lerythropyqus 2.oridulus 3.gazelloe Ficure 5.—Distribution of Gerbillus (in part), Tatera, Taterillus, and Grammomys in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. (Scale: 1 inch=400 miles.) Remarks: Both the type and the paratype of this subspecies have broken skulls so that no complete measurements are possible. This subspecies seems to be the smallest of the group found in the Sudan. Apparently the distribution of this form lies to the west of the Nile and to the east of the Jebel Marra. While no actual intergradation of the various kinds has actually been demonstrated, they are_here MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 505 considered all to belong to one species since the characters for each of them show a considerable degree of overlapping. OCenomys hypoxanthus talangae, new subspecies Type: MCZ No. 45315, adult female, skin and skull, from Talanga Forest, 3,000 ft., Imatong Mountains, Equatoria Province, Anglo- Egyptian Sudan. Obtained July 10, 1950, by J. S. Owen, original No. 1338. SPECIMENS ExaMINeD: Two, from the Talanga Forest. MEASUREMENTS OF THE T'yPpE SpeciMEN: Length of head and body 175; length of tail 203; length of hind foot 34; greatest length of skull 39.6; condyloincisive length 35.4; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.6; crown length of upper toothrow 6.6; least interorbital width 5.4; breadth of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 5.0; length of nasals 15.8; greatest width across zygomatic arches 17.9. DraGnosis: General over-all color of upperparts near Argus Brown; the line of pure color separating dorsal color from pure white belly and pure color on flanks and thighs near Pinkish Cinnamon; pure color of nose near Tawny; entire underparts and undersurfaces of arms and legs pure white, all hairs white to base; tail nearly naked and rather uniformly colored; hands and feet dark grayish brown. Skuil relatively long and slender; nasals long and rather wide; rostrum wide; auditory bullae relatively small; upper cheekteeth relatively small; anterior palatine foramina relatively short and widely flaring; braincase relatively long. Comparisons: From Qenomys hypoxanthus unyori, O. h. talangae dif- fers in much darker dorsal color, less rufous on the rump, and less definite line of demarcation between the dorsal color and the pure white belly. The nasals are longer, the braincase is longer, the anterior palatine foramina are larger, the auditory bullae are larger, and the rostrum is narrower. O. h. talangae differs from O. h. editus in generally darker color and less rufous on the nose and rump. The skull has longer nasals, smaller auditory bullae, and a wider rostrum. O. h. vallicola differs from O. h. talangae in generally lighter color, more rufous on rump and nose, shorter tail, and somewhat larger ears. The skull is smaller, the upper toothrow longer and the individual teeth wider, the anterior palatine foramina longer and narrower, auditory bullae larger, and the rostrum shorter and narrower. Remarks: The subspecies to which OQ. h. talangae is most closely related is O. h. unyori, from which it differs as set forth above. It is interesting that this new subspecies has the rufous of the rump and nose so much reduced. The types of bacchante, moerens, and oris are all so brightly colored that talangae needs no comparison with them. 506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Mylomys cunninghamei christyi Thomas Mylomys christyi Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 20, p. 362, November 1917. (Mount Baginzi, Bahr-el-Ghazal.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Two, both in BM, from Mount Baginzi. MerasurEeMENTs: No external measurements are available for a male, but an adult female from Mount Baginzi measures as follows: Length of head and body 135; length of tail 140; length of hind foot 34; length of ear 19. The cranial measurements of an adult male and the same female above are, respectively, as follows: Greatest length of skull 31.4, 33.4; condyloincisive length 28.8, 30.8; crown length of upper toothrow 14.8, 16.0; greatest width across zygomatic arches 7.7, 7.2; least interorbital width 4.1, 4.6; length of nasals 12.4, 12.8; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 4.0, 4.3. Remarks: All of the kinds of Mylomys have a grizzled appearance on the dorsum similar to that found in Arvicanthis, but the hairs are longer and much glossier than in that genus. The tail is more pro- nouncedly bicolor and the belly is covered with pure white hairs which are white to the base. M. c. christyi differs from M. c. lutescens in somewhat smaller skull, shorter toothrow, narrower anterior palatine foramina, more open posterior choanae, and smaller auditory bullae. M. c. christyi differs from M. ec. cunninghamei in the same way except for the posterior choanae which are smaller and the rostrum which is shorter and narrower. Dasymys incomtus palustris, new subspecies Ficure 6,a Type: CNHM No. 73902, skin and skull, adult male, from Lokwi, 25 miles south of Torit, Equatoria Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained in June 1952 by J. S. Owen, original No. 2220. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Five, from: Lokwi, 25 miles south of Torit, 3; Mongalla, 2 (BM). Dracnosis: General over-all color of upperparts near Snuff Brown, strongly intermixed with black; no pure color at any place except a thin subterminal band which is near Tawny-Olive. Hands and feet light brownish, tail dark brown and uniformly colored, entire under- parts grayish white. Skull relatively small, anterior palatine fora- mina relatively large, nasals short, zygomatic arches quite flaring posteriorly, bullae relatively small, upper cheekteeth relatively small. M&ASUREMENTS OF THE TyPE SpecIMEN: Length of head and body 150; length of tail 140; length of hind foot 34; length of ear 16; con- MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 507 dyloincisive length of skull 34.7; crown length of upper toothrow 7.2; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.9; greatest width across zygo- matic arches 19.6; least interorbital width 4.8; length of nasals 12.6; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 4.1. Comparisons: From Dasymys incomtus helukus, D. 7. palustris differs in lighter color, that is, more red and less yellow and brown, and belly with no buffy wash as in helukus. Skull is smaller, auditory bullae smaller, rostrum shorter, upper cheekteeth smaller, least inter- orbital width greater, and nasals shorter. D. 7%. palustis differs from D. 7. nigridus in the same manner as from D. i. helukus and is even markedly lighter in color. From D. i. savannus, D. 7. palustris differs in having no buffy wash on the belly and in having a small skull, markedly smaller auditory bullae, shorter rostrum, and shorter nasals. D. 7%. shawi differs from D. 7%. palustris in darker color, smaller audi- tory bullae, and longer anterior palatine foramina. D. 1%. palustris differs from D. orthos in having a longer tail, generally redder color, and lacking the olivaceous wash on the belly. The skull has a narrower rostrum, smaller, more elongate, less inflated auditory bullae, more flaring zygomatic arches, shorter nasals, narrower inter- orbital region, markedly larger and longer anterior palatine foramina, and the anterior edge of the zygomatic plate being concave instead of relatively straight as in orthos. Remarks: I am inclined to agree with Ellerman that the former species of Dasymys are in reality only one species with an infinite amount of variation. This probably includes even orihos, but until such time as the significance of the straight anterior edge of the zygomatic plate is understood it is probably better to treat that species as such. Certainly, in all of the specimens examined from most of the range of the genus, that peculiarity is outstanding. From the material available it appears that orthos is not a part of the fauna of the southern Sudan. Dasymys incomtus shawi Kershaw FIGureE 6,a Dasymys shawi Kershaw, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 13, p. 25, January 1924. (Mount Baginzi, southern Bahr-el-Ghazal, near Congo border, 40 miles south-southeast of Yambio.) Specimens Examinep: Two, both in BM, from: 40 miles south- southeast of Yambio, 1; Yambio disiriet, 1. MEASUREMENTS: The type, an adult male, measures as follows: Length of head and body 152; length of tail 144; length of hind foot 29; length of ear 19; condyloincisive length of skull 34.2; crown length of upper toothrow 6.6; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.6; great- 508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 est width across zygomatic arches 17.4; least interorbital widtb 4.4; length of nasals 12.3; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.9. Remarks: This subspecies is a saturate form which differs from other adjacent named kinds as set forth under the comparisons section for D. 2. palustris. Aryicanthis niloticus centralis Dellman Ficure 6,5 Arvicanthis testicularis centralis Dollman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 338, September 1911. (Between Chak Chak and Dem Zubeir, Bahr-el- Ghazal.) SpecIMENS EXAMINED: Seventeen, all in BM, from: Between Chak Chak and Dem Zubeir, 1; Chak Chak, 2; Meridi, 3; Yei, 1; Temburas, 1; Kulme, Wadi Aribo, 2; Kurra, Jebel Marra, 2; Zalingei, 5. MEASUREMENTS: The type, an adult male, measures as follows: Length of head and body 145; length of tail 143; length of hind foot 33; length of ear 19; greatest length of skull 37.0; condyloincisive length 34.2; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.6; crown length of upper toothrow 6.4; greatest width across zygomatic arches 18.5; least interorbital width 5.5; length of nasals 13.7; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 4.5. Remarks: The specimens from Chak Chak and the type agree in detail. The color is somewhat darker than in kordofanensis and is more uniform or continuous, whereas in the latter the dorsal surface appears somewhat speckled or spotted. The skull in centralis is larger, the anterior palatine foramina are smaller, the auditory bullae are smaller, the zygomatic arches are more flaring posteriorly, and the upper cheekteeth are smaller. Intergradation in color, size of upper cheekteeth, and the size of the anterior palatine foramina is found with A. n. jebelae in the animals from Meridi. They are more referable, though, to centralis. Arvicanthis niloticus jebelae Heller FicureE 6,6 Arvicanthis niloticus jebelae Heller, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 9, February 28, 1911. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave.) SprecIMENS EXAMINED: Seventy-seven, from: Nimule, 8 (MCZ); Torit, 29 (6, MCZ); Juba, 1; Obbo, 5; Ikoto, 9; Murukurun, 50 miles east of Torit, 4 (MCZ); Bor, 2 (BM); Malek, 11 (BM); Mongalla, 4 (BM); Kit River, 3 (BM); Uma River, 1 (BM). MrasurEMEnNts: Averages and extremes of three adult males and three adult females from Torit are, respectively, as follows: Length MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 509 of head and body 157 (150-169), 149 (140-156); length of tail 142 (131-152); 118 (112-129); length of hind foot 31 (30-32), 30 (30); length of ear 17 (14-19), 19 (17-21); greatest length of skull 35.2 (34.2-36.0), 34.0 (32.4-34.8) ; condyloincisive length 33.8 (33.1-34.3), 32.3 (31.1-33.0); length of anterior palatine foramina 7.6 (7.2-7.8), 7.4 (7.1-7.7); crown length of upper toothrow 6.4 (6.3-6.6), 6.5 (6.4— 6.6); greatest width across zygomatic arches 18.8 (18.7-19.0), 17.8 (17.4-18.1) ; least interorbital width 5.0 (4.9-5.3), 5.1 (4.9-5.3) ; length of nasals 13.1 (12.7-13.6), 12.7 (12.4-13.2); width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 4.3 (4.1-4.5), 4.3 (4.3). Remarks: All of the above specimens differ from A. n. luctuosus in generally lighter color, smaller body size, and generally shorter tail. The skulls differ in being longer and narrower, the auditory bullae generally smaller, the anterior palatine foramina shorter, the upper cheekteetb generally smaller, and the rostrum generally heavier in appearance but not wider in actual measurement. Arvicanthis niloticus kordofanensis Wettstein Fiaure 6,6 Arvicanthis testicularis kordofanensis Wettstein, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.- Nat., vol. 53, p. 161, 1916. (Kadugli, southern Kordofan.) Specimens Examinep: Twenty, all in BM, from: Talodi, 4; Nuba Mts., 2; Um Dona, 2; El Fasher, 9; Koshek, 1; Lake No, 2. MEASUREMENTS: The averages and extremes for three adult fe- males from Talodi are as follows: Length of head and body 149.1 (144-156) ; length of tail 125 (115-130); length of hind foot 30 (30); length of ear 16.3 (16-17); greatest length of skull 33.9 (33.8-34.0) ; condyloincisive length 32.7 (32.2-33.2); length of anterior palatine foramina 7.5 (7.0-8.0); crown length of upper toothrow 6.9 (6.8-7.1); greatest width across zygomatic arches 16.9 (16.7-17.2); least inter- orbital width 5.5 (5.4-5.6); length of nasals 12.4 (12.4); width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 4.3 (4.3). Remarks: The four specimens from Talodi may be assumed to be virtual topotypes of this subspecies described from Kadugli. A. n. kordofanensis differs from A. n. testicularis in generally darker color and in the somewhat darker hands, feet, and tail. The amount of buffy coloration on the nose and around the eyes is reduced. The belly color is buffy white with considerable admixture of blackish hairs. The skull is smaller and more delicate than in testicularis, the bullae are less inflated, and the anterior palatine foramina are less flaring. The two specimens from Lake No do not agree in pelage color with any of the other specimens referable to kordofanensis. The skulls, 510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 however, fall within the range of variation as noticed for this sub- species. Arvicanthis niloticus luctuosus Doliman Friaure 6,) Arvicanthis luctuosus Dollman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, p. 339, September 1911. (Kaka, north of Fashoda.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Six, all in BM, from: 20 miles north of Fashoda, 1; Kaka, 2; Gerazi, 3. MEASUREMENTS: Two adult males from Kaka measure, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 185, 184; length of tail 143, 141; length of hind foot 33, 31; length of ear 17, 17; greatest length of skull 35.5, 35.8; condyloincisive length 33.7, 34.5; length of anterior pala- tine foramina 8.1, 7.5; crown length of upper toothrow 7.0, 6.6; greatest width across zygomatic arches 17.3, 17.6; least interorbital width 5.2, 4.9; length of nasals 13.0, 13.4; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 4.3, 4.3. Remarks: When specimens of luctuosus are compared to specimens of A. n. testicularis they are found to be somewhat larger and darker in color. The skull is longer, narrower, with smaller auditory bullae, and with somewhat smaller cheekteeth. Arvicanthis niloticus testicularis (Sundeyall) Fiaure 6,b Tsomys testicularis Sundevall, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Stockholm, p. 221, 1848. (Bahr-el-Abiad.) Specimens Examinep: Forty-nine, all in BM, from: Sennaar, 2; Kamisa, Dinder River, 5; Gedaref, 1; El Kowa, 2; Gallabat, 9; Hosh, Blue Nile, 2; Khartoum, 13; Ed Dueim, 2; Kabushiya, 1; Shereik, 4; Nuri, Merowe District, 2; Soba, 1; Shendy, 4; Letts Basin, 1. MeraASUREMENTS: An adult male and an adult female from Kamisa, Dinder River, respectively measure as follows: Length of head and body 163, 152; length of tail 143, 146; length of hind foot 31, 31; length of ear 17, 18; greatest length of skull 38.5, 37.6; condyloincisive length 35.6, 35.3; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.8, 7.8; crown length of upper toothrow 6.8, 6.7; greatest width across zygomatic arches 20.0, 18.2; least interorbital width 6.3, 6.1; length of nasals 15.1, 14.9; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 5.1, 4.9. Remarks: The two specimens from Sennaar may be accepted as topotypical. Both specimens are quite faded in color but the skull of the only adult agrees well with the specimens referred to above. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 511 The color in a recently taken specimen from Kamisa is rather light above and gradually shading over the sides into the plumbeous based whitish hairs of the belly. The blackish tips of the hairs is most intense over the shoulders and diminishes in amount over the rump and on the upper legs. The nose and a ring around the eye are of pure color near Cinnamon Buff. The skull, which is of an adult male, is quite long with heavy supraorbital ridges and heavy zygomata. The rostrum is short and wide and the teeth are relatively massive. The auditory bullae are small but well inflated. The specimens from Khartoum are somewhat paler than the animals from farther east. Lemniscomys barbarus zebra (Heuglin) FIGuRE 6,c Mus zebra Heuglin, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Halle, vol. 31, No. 7, p. 10, 1864. (Djur and Bongo, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.) SPECIMENS ExamINep: Thirty-four, from: Torit, 17; Ikoto, 1; Nimule, 2; Malek, 8 (BM); 25 miles east of Lake No, 1 (BM); Bahr- el-Ghazal, 1 (BM); Badigeru Swamp, 20 miles east of Mongalla, 1 (BM); Fashoda, 1 (BM); Dud Majok, 1 (BM); Wau, 1 (BM). MeraASUREMENTS: Averages and extremes of three adult males and three adult females from Torit are, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 102 (94-110), 101 (98-104) ; length of tail 112 (104-120), 110 (107-116); length of hind foot 24.5 (24-25), 25 (25); length of ear 14 (14), 15 (14.5-15.5); greatest length of skull 28.0 (27.1—28.5), 27.7 (27.0-28.3); condyloincisive length 24.9 (23.9-25.6), 24.6 (24.0— 25.4); length of auditory bullae 5.4 (5.0-5.6), 5.4 (5.2-5.6); crown length of upper toothrow 4.9 (4.9-5.0), 4.8 (4.8-4.9); least inter- orbital width 4.5 (4.5), 4.5 (4.4-4.6); width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.6 (3.5-3.8), 3.5 (3.4-3.7); length of nasals 10.2 (9.8-10.6), 10.2 (9.8-10.5); greatest width across zygomatic arches 12.9 (12.6-13.2), 13.1 (12.5-13.5). Remarks: There is an apparent sexual difference in size of body, length of tail, length of hind foot, and some cranial characters in which the females generally average slightly larger than the males. In gen- eral, the color is quite uniform. Three of the specimens from Torit are only slightly paler than is the rest of the series, and the single specimen from Wau is of the same color as the majority of the speci- mens from Torit. This subspecies of striped mouse seems to have the largest geographic range of any of the rodents found in the Sudan. The explanation for 386559—56——_5 512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 this apparent lack of differentiation must await further specimens from intermediate localities or until a revision is done on the genus as a whole. -Lemniscomys dunni dunni (Thomas) FIGuRE 6,c Arvicanthis dunni Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 297, Aug. 6, 1903. (Kaga Hills, western Kordofan.) SprecIMENS Examinep: Eleven, all in BM, from: Umm Keddada, 3; E] Fasher, 2; Juga Juga, 15 miles east-northeast of El Fasher, 1;76 miles east of El Fasher, 1; 110 miles east of El Fasher, 1; Kurra, Jebel Marra, 3. MeasurEMENts: An adult female from Juga Juga and an adult male from 76 miles east of E] Fasher measure, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 116, 108; length of tail 142, 130; length of hind foot 27, 25; length of ear 15, 16; greatest length of skull 30.1, 30.1; condyloincisive length 26.9, 26.7; length of auditory bullae 5.7, 6.2; crown length of upper toothrow 5.0, 5.3; least interorbital width 4.5, 4.8; breadth of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.7, 3.4; length of nasals 11.7, 11.8. Remarks: The species dunni differs from ZL. barbarus in markedly lighter color, shorter anterior palatine foramina, markedly different shape of the posterior choanae, and the general structure of the ptery- goid region. The auditory bullae are smaller, the toothrow somewhat longer, anterior parts of the zygomatic arches tapering into skull instead of flaring outward, and the braincase is more extended posterior to the posterior root of the zygoma. There are three specimens in the British Museum without skulls from Kurra, Jebel Marra, that either represent a new species or are hybrids between L. dunni and L. lynesi. From the appearance of the skins they are intermediate in all details. I feel it best to record these specimens and only refer them to LZ. dunni provisionally. Lemniscomys dunni nubalis Thomas and Hinton FIGuRE 6,c Lemniscomys dunni nubalis Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 263, July 6, 1923. (Talodi, Nuba Country, southern Kordofan.) Specimens EXAMINED: Six, all in BM, from: Talodi, 2; Nuba Mountains, 1; Delami, 1; Agur, 2. MerASUREMENTs: An adult male from the Nuba Mountains and an adult female from Talodi measure, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 95, 90; length of tail 115, 112; length of hind foot 23, 22; length of ear 13, 13; greatest length of skull 28.4, ?; condyloincisive MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 513 length 25.5, ?; length of upper toothrow 4.9, 4.9; least interorbital width 4.3, 4.3; breadth of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.3, 3.3; length of nasals 10.4, 9.1. Remarks: L. d. nubalis is somewhat smaller than the nominate race and is pronouncedly brighter in color. The color of dunni is a pale buff while nubalis is a bright golden color. The sides and flanks, instead of being white as in dunnt, are washed with the golden ochraceous color of the dorsum. Lemniscomys lynesi Thomas and Hinton Lemniscomys lynest Thomas and Hinton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 267, July 6, 1923. (Central Jebel Marra, Darfur.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ten, all in BM, from: Jebel Marra, 3; Cen- tral Jebel Marra, 6; South Downs, Jebel Marra, 1. MEAsuREMENTs: An adult female from South Downs, Jebel Marra, measures as follows: Length of head and body 101; length of tail 104; length of hind foot 23; length of ear 14; condyloincisive length of skull 23.9; crown length of upper toothrow 5.1; least interorbital width 4.5; breadth of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.6. Remarks: In the original description of this species, Thomas and Hinton suggested that it was more nearly related to ZL. zebra (=L. barbarus zebra) than to any other group in the genus. In all cranial details, and, most strikingly, in the distribution of the dorsal lines and spots and in degree of spininess, Z. /ynesi is most closely allied to ZL. striatus. From all! characters stuaied it appears as though this is not a valid species but merely a subspecies of striatus. I feel certain that intergradation could be demonstrated if specimens were obtained from intermediate localities. However, until such time as specimens show- ing intergradation are obtained I prefer to let the name stand as a full species. The skull, as well as the skin, is markedly different from dunn. The color is the darkest of any of the kinds in the Sudan. The skull differs from that of dunni in the markedly different shape of the bullae, in the length of the anterior palatine foramina, and in the very different structure of the pterygoid region. Lemniscomys macculus mecculus (Thomas and Wroughton) Arvicanthis macculus Thomas and Wroughton, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 19° p. 515, March 1910. (Mokia, southeastern Ruwenzori, Uganda.) SPECIMENS ExaMineED: Three, from: Torit, 1; Nimule, 2. MEASUREMENTS: The measurements of an adult male from Nimule, are as follows: Length of head and body 96; length of tail 121; length of hind foot 25; length of car 16; greatest length of skull 26.2; condy- 514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 loincisive length 24.2; length of auditory bullae 5.2; crown length of upper toothrow 4.8; least interorbital width 4.5; breadth of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.3; length of nasals 10.2. Remarks: In LZ. macculus the proportion of the least interorbital width to the width of the rostrum ranges from 71.2 to 73.3 percent (79.7 to 81.6 percent in striatus) and the proportion of the length of the nasals to the total length of the skull ranges from 37.8 to 38.9 percent (36.0 to 36.7 percent in striatus). It may be noted that in the first proportion the size difference between L. macculus and L. striatus is apparent, but in the second proportion, that of nasals to total length of skull, the ratio is reversed, which shows that the nasals, even though measuring shorter in macculus, occupy more of the total length of the skull than in striatus. These two proportions appear to hold good on other specimens of these two species in both the U. S. National Museum and the British Museum collections so that they perhaps will be valid for critically distinguishing the two species where they occur together. In general, macculus is a smaller animal than is striatus. In the former the hind foot usually measures less than 26 mm., while in the latter the hind foot is usually larger. Lemniscomys striatus massaicus (Pagenstecher) Mus (Lemniscomys) barbarus L. var. Massaicus Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Hamburg- ischen Wiss. Anst., vol. 2, p. 45, 1885. (Lake Naivasha.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Thirty, from: Gilo, Imatong Mountains, 11 (4, MCZ); Torit, 2: Nimule, 5 (3, MCZ); Katire, 9 (MCZ); Magwe, 2 (MCZ); Talanga Forest, Imatong Mountains, 1 (MCZ). MEASUREMENTS: An adult male and an adult female from Gilo, Imatong Mountains, respectively measure as follows: Length of head and body 123, 107; length of tail 130, 130; length of hind foot 28, ?; length of ear 11, 12; greatest length of skull 29.4, 29.0; condyloincisive length 26.5, 26.2; length of auditory bullae 5.9, 5.0; crown length of upper toothrow 4.9, 5.1; least interorbital breadth, 4.8, 5.0; breadth of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.5, 3.8: length of nasals 10.6, 10.8. Remarks: This species can easily be confused with L. macculus. There are, however, several pronounced cranial differences between the two species. In the present series, the proportion of the least interorbital width to the width of the rostrum is greater; and the proportion of the length of the nasals to the total length of the skull is Jess in the larger species striatus. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 51 Cr In striatus, the anterior palatine foramina are nearly parallel-sided as opposed to constricted anteriorly in macculus. The upper tooth- row, the least interorbital breadth, the breadth of the rostrum, and the condyloincisive length are all noticeably larger in striatus than in macculus. Remarks on Rattus-like genera In attempting to identify the various species of rattoid animals found in the Sudan, extreme confusion was apparent. Without a complete revision of the “genera” entailed in this group, the follow- ing remarks are of necessity limited in their application. It is ap- parent, however, that so far as the kinds found in the Sudan are con- cerned these differences and similarities do apply. It is apparent to me that Ellerman and his co-authors have gone to an extreme in what they classify under the genus Rattus. Cer- tainly there appears to be a superfluity of generic names applied to the Rattus-like rats in central Africa. Among these I am primarily concerned with Aethomys, Mastomys, Praomys, Hylomyscus, and Myomys. Ellerman, Morrison-Scott, and Hayman (1953) consider these genera to be, at best, subgenera of the genus Rattus, and they consider the name Myomys to have no status since the type species is not certainly identifiable. For the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Aeth- omys, Mastomys, and Praomys are distinguishable from typical Ratius rattus at both the generic and specific levels. The genus Praomys as here understood contains the names previously referred to Myomys and Hylomyscus. I can find no means by which either of the above genera can be distinguished from Praomys even at the subgeneric level, but the species can be distinguished without question. It is true that this particular complex is in dire need of a revision which is not based on a single character only. The significance of the mammary formula is at the present of no importance in determining generic rank among these animals since males, and females taken other than in the breeding season, do not show the mammae at all. Table 1 is based on cranial characters that are consistent in the specimens and species examined from the Sudan and which I feel are of sufficient importance to warrant retaining these names as full genera. This has been an extremely difficult assemblage to classify, but the characters of the table do separate the genera oc- curring together. It is apparent that Ellerman and his co-authors, in lumping so many genera and species, are either unaware of or have ignored the matter of convergence in these particular animals. 516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 TABLE 1.—Consistent cranial characters in specimens and species examined from the Sudan Character Rattus Mastomys | Aethomys Praomys *T1 of M2______--| Large and not in Large and more or less in line with see- | Smal] but pro- line with second ond Jamina. nounced and lamina. markedly ante- rior to second lamina,as in Rattus. TS of M3) Absent. Present but reduced and more or Jessin | Present, peg-like line with Tl and T5. and in Jine with T1, Anterior palatine | Extend posterior | Extend tomiddle| Extend to base of Mi! and never be- foramina. to anterior root of M!, yond one-third of the length of the of M1, tooth. Lateral margins | Concave. Straight. | Convex. of wings of pterygoid. Anterior margin | Straight, vertical, | Straight, not ver- | Concave, not ver- | Straight, vertical of zygomatic slightly tical, and strongly tical, and not and not plate. rounded on rounded on strongly strongly dorsal edge. dorsal edge. rounded. rounded. Antorbital fora- Large and tri- Large and rounded. Small and tri- mina. angular. angular. ey er nology. of the molars is basec on Miller, Catalogue of the Mammals of Western Europe, p. 801, 1912. Aethomys kaiseri alghazal (Wroughton) Ficure 6,d Mus alghazal Wroughton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 20, p. 501, December 1907. (Chak Chak, Bahr-el-Ghazel.) SPECIMENS ExamiINeD: Five, all in BM, from: Tembura, 1; Deim Zubeir, 1; Wau, 1; Khor, half-way between Chak Chak and Deim Zubeir, 1; Chak Chak, 1. MEASUREMENTS: The measurements of an adult male from Chak Chak are as follows: Length of head and body 194; length of tail 195; length of ear 16; greatest length of skull 35.7; condyloincisive length 32.9; least interorbital width 5.6; length of nasals 13.6; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 4.6; greatest width across zygomatic arches 17.0; crown length of upper toothrow 6.3; length of anterior palatine foramina 8.0. Remarks: This subspecies is decidedly paler in color than are specimens of A. k. helleri from Rhino Camp or from the eastern part of Equatoria Province. This paler color is caused by less gray (or black-tipped hairs) and more light brown being visible in the pelage. The underparts are strongly washed with buffy. In all specimens the feet are white above. The tails are nearly naked and average about 10 scale rows per centimeter. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 517 Aethomys kaiseri helleri (Hollister) Fiacure 6,d Epimys kaiseri centralis Hollister, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 63, No: 75-p.-10; June 1914. (Rhino Camp.) Rattus helleri Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 31, p. 97, June 29, 1918. (New name to replace EH. k. centralis, preoccupied by Mus auricomis centralis Schwann, 1906.) Specimens ExamInep: Twenty, from: Moli, 35 miles north of Nimule, 3 (MCZ); Nimule, 5 (4, MCZ); Magwe, 36 miles southwest of Torit, 2 (MCZ); Katire, 1 (MCZ); Torit, 5 (1, MCZ); Juba, 1; Nadiopgi, 2; Lokwi, 25 miles south of Torit, 1. Measurements: An adult male and an adult female from Torit measure, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 163, 165; length of tail 135, 150; length of hind foot 30, 32; length of ear 14, 18; greatest length of skull 39.7, 40.3; condyloincisive length 36.8, 36.7; length of nasals 16.2, 17.2; least interorbital width 5.9, 5.8; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 5.2, 5.1; greatest width across zygomatic arches 19.4, 18.8; crown length of upper toothrow 5.9, 6.1; length of anterior palatine foramina 8.8, 9.3. Remarks: In general these animals are quite variable in any one given character. This is especially so in the size of the upper molars, but even in this character these specimens are consistently larger than in the type of A. k. helleri. There are, however, some specimens in the type series of hellert that have the molars as large as and even somewhat larger than any in the present material. There are other characters of the pelage color and cranium that are divergent from the type and type series of helleri. These diver- gences, though, are of such minute amount that it is not deemed ad- visable to erect a separate name for this population. It seems as though here is an example where subspeciation is occurring but that the characters have not become stable enough to warrant complete recognition. Mastomys kulmei, new species Ficure 6,d Typr: BM No. 23.1.1.403, adult male, skin and skull, from Kulme, Wadi Aribo, 3,300 feet, Darfur Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained September 15, 1921, by Lynes and Lowe, original No. 912. Specimens Examinep: Eighty-two, all in BM, from: Kulme, Wadi Aribo, 28; Niurmya, 5; 6 miles west of El] Fasher, 1; 52 miles west- southwest of El Fasher, 2; 35 miles west-southwest of El Fasher, 2; 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Kurra, Jebel Marra, 10; Jebel Marra, 7; Zalingei, 8; southern foothills, Jebel Marra, 19. Nf . Dasymys incomtus I.polustris” ih 2.showi al ) ? CB. ce C Hh Ficure 6.—Distribution of Dasymys, Arvicanthis, Lemniscomys, Aethomys, and Mastomys (in part) in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. (Scale: 1 inch=400 miles.) I NU Draenosis: Upperparts Tawny-Olive, color purest on cheeks, shoulders, and top of head. All hairs plumbeous at base, the pig- mented portion only 1 to 2 mm. in length and then finely tipped with black; hands, feet, and entire underparts white. The underparts but lightly washed with buff. Tail light colored and of the’same color MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 519 density top and bottom. Upperparts not delineated from white of belly by a line of pure color. Skull relatively small, anterior palatine foramina short, upper molars small, pterygoid region nearly triangular in form, zygomatic arches bowed downwards but not laterally, auditory bullae relatively small, rostrum relatively long and narrow, and supraorbital bead moderately developed and passing caudad into lateral ridges on skull. M&rASUREMENTS OF THE TyPE Specimen: Length of head and body 120; length of tail 124; length of hind foot (s. u.) 22, dry ec. u. 24; length of ear 20; greatest length of skull 31.2; condyloincisive length 29.2; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.8; crown length of upper toothrow 4.3; least interorbital width 4.4; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.9; length of nasals 12.2; greatest width across zygomatic arches 15.1. Comparisons: From the type of Mastomys coucha (=natalensis), M. kulmei differs in lighter, brighter color, somewhat longer hind feet, longer tail, and longer ears. The skull differs in that the anterior palatine foramina are shorter, the molars smaller, the pterygoid region not flaring laterally but the pterygoid wings being carried nearly straight back and the fossae being shallow instead of deeply excavated, and rostrum longer and slenderer. From the type of MZ. n. ugandae, which is an immature male, M. kulmez differs in smaller size, lighter and brighter color, and, in animals of comparable age, a markedly smaller skull in all respects. The teeth are smaller and the pterygoid region differs as described for M. coucha. From the type of M. n. blainei, M. kulmei differs in lighter, brighter color and longer tail. The skull differs in generally smaller size, shorter anterior palatine foramina, pterygoid region as described for M. coucha, and a longer, narrower rostrum. From M. n. macrolepis, as known from El Kowa, M. kulmei differs in smaller size and lighter, brighter color. The skull is in all respects smaller and far more delicate, with relatively as well as actually larger auditory bullae. Remarks: Mastomys kulmei occurs with another member of the genus in most of its range. They may be distinguished from one another by the generally darker color of the coucha kinds and by the skulls, which may be separated by the characters as set forth under comparisons. Thomas and Hinton (1923, p. 266) remarked that there appeared to be two kinds of Mastomys in the Lynes-Lowe collection but post- poned any naming of these kinds, merely referring them to the earlier known M. macrolepis and M. ugandae group. 520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Mastomys natalensis agurensis, new subspecies FIcureE 7,a Tyre: BM No. 28.3.11.54, adult male, skin and skull, from Agur, Nuba Mountain Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained March 8, 1927, by W. Rutledge. SpecIMENS ExaAmINep: Twelve, all in BM, from: Agur, 2; Jebel Um Dona, 1; Delami, 1; Talodi, 2; Abu Heraz, 1; Nahud, 1; Duling, 2; Nuba Mountains, 2. Diacnosis: Upperparts near Buckthorn Brown but slightly inter- mixed with black. Color purest on upper arms, shoulders, and cheeks. Underparts, thighs on inner surfaces, forearm on inner surface, hands, and feet white. Skull relatively large, auditory bullae relatively small, zygomatic arches not widely flaring, dorsal surface rather strongly arched. MEASUREMENTS OF THE TYPE SpEcIMEN: Length of head and body 114; length of tail 126; length of hind foot 23; length of ear 18; greatest length of skull 31.8; condyloincisive length 29.9; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.5; crown length of upper toothrow 4.6; least interorbital width 4.4; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 4.1; length of nasals 12.6; greatest width across zygomatic arches 15.0. Comparisons: From M. n. blainei, M. n. agurensis differs in marked- ly lighter color, longer tail, and shorter hind foot. The skulls differ in that the zygomata are narrower, auditory bullae smaller, dorsum of skull decidedly more arched, rostrum heavier, and braincase smaller. From M. n. macrolepis, M. n. agurensis differs in being smaller and lighter in color. The skull is smaller and of less robust build. Compared with M. n. ismailiae, M. n. agurensis is lighter in color and smaller in all external measurements. The skull is smaller in all measurements. From M. n. marrensis, M. n. agurensis differs in markedly lighter color and somewhat smaller size. The skull is smaller, the auditory bullae are smaller, and the dorsal surface is somewhat more arched. Remarks: The specimen from Abu Heraz is somewhat darker in color than typical agurensis and may represent an intergrade with blainei, but since the specimen is so immature it is not possible to be positive. The mammals available from the Nuba Mountain region all present minor differences from surrounding named kinds. It is very possible that, if additional collecting were to be done in this area, an area of endemism would be found similar to that of the Jebel Marra. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 521 Mastomys natalensis blainei (Wroughton) FIGURE 7,a Mus blainet Wroughton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 20, p. 502, December 1907. (Chak Chak, Bahr-el-Ghazal.) SpEcIMENS Examrinep: Twenty-three, all in BM, from: Moyen, 1; Wau, 8; Tembura, 5; Katta, 1; Chak Chak, 8. MrAsuREMENTS: An adult male from Chak Chak measures as fol- lows: Length of head and body 125; length of tail 115; length of hind foot 25; length of ear 17; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.5; crown length of upper toothrow 4.6; least interorbital width 4.5; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.8; length of nasals 12.1; greatest width across zygomatic arches 15.3. Remarks: M. n. blainez is generally darker in color than any of the surrounding kinds with the exception of MZ. n. macrolepis. It may be distinguished from the latter by its much narrower zygomatic arches and narrower rostrum. From the other subspecies adjacent to blainei it may be distinguished cranially by its narrower rostrum and generally wider zygomatic arches. Mastomys natalensis ismailiae (Heller) Figure 7,a Epimys concha (sic) ismailiae Heller, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 63, No. 7, p. 9, June 24, 1914. (Gondokoro.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: One hundred and thirteen, from: Obbo, 23; Torit, 27 (4, MCZ); Juba, 6 (2, BM); Nimule, 10 (1, MCZ); Lotti Forest, 1; Magwe, 36 miles southwest of Torit, 2 (MCZ); Mongalla, 10 (BM); Malek, 7 (BM); Bor, 5 (BM); Duk, 2 (BM); Evos, Didinga Mountains, 1 (BM); Towat Boma, 2 (BM); Kagula, 6 (BM); Lake No, 2 (BM); Gondokoro, 1 (BM); no locality, 1; Kaka, 3 (BM); Fashoda, 4 (BM). MeASsuREMENTS: An adult male and an adult female from Juba measure, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 143, 143; length of tail 127, 128; length of hind foot 28, 27; length of ear 16, 16; greatest length of skull 32.9, ?; condyloincisive length 31.1, 31.5; greatest width across zygomatic arches 15.7, 16.2; least interorbital width 5.0, 4.6; length of nasals 13.8, 13.2; crown length of upper tooth- row 4.9, 5.2; length of anterior palatine foramina 8.1, 7.8. Remarks: In spite of the large number of specimens of this sub- species available for study, only a few were fully adult. Of those that were adult, few had complete crania which could be measured. 522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 The specimens from Juba are near topotypes of zsmazliae and are fully adult, showing considerable wear on the molars. None of the specimens in the type series of ismailiae are fully adult, yet the reddish coloration as given by Heller as characteristic appears to be the only feature distinguishing this race from ugandae as known by specimens from Kampala, Uganda. Color, however, appears to be extremely variable since the adult specimens from Torit range from bright reddish to brownish. The skulls, though, show no marked variation in configuration or measurements from the type of zsmailiae. Two specimens from Obbo approach ugandae in the saturate coloration which appears to be typical of that race. It is apparent that in this group of specimens the only ones which are truly typical of ismazliae are the ones from Juba. The others, at least so far as color is con- cerned, are apparently intergrades with ugandae but more referable in cranial characters to ismailiae. At best, the material available can be distinguished only when adults are compared. Immatures from Nimule and Obbo show the intense reddish coloration typical of the type of ismailiae and have a white belly. In ugandae, the coloration of the belly is a strong suffu- sion of buff which is shown in a few specimens from Obbo. Mastomys natalensis macrolepis (Sundevall) FicureE 7,a Mus macrolepis Sundevall, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Stockholm (1842), p. 218, 1848. (Sennaar.) SpecIMENS ExamineD: All in BM, from: Dueim, 1; Kamisa, Dinder River, 1; Roseires, 1; El Kowa, 1; Gedaref, 1. MerasurREMENTs: An adult female from El Kowa measures as fol- lows: Length of head and body 142; length of tail 151; length of hind foot 24; length of ear 20; total length of skull 34.3; condyloincisive length 32.3; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.9; crown length of upper toothrow 4.9; least interorbital width 4.6; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 4.3; length of nasals 14.2; greatest width across zygomatic arches 17.3. Remarks: M. n. macrolepis may be distinguished from surrounding races of M. natalensis by its generally darker color and somewhat larger size. It is noticeably different cranially in that the auditory bullae are markedly smaller and less inflated. Mastomys natalensis marrensis, new subspecies FIGURE 7,a Tyre: BM No. 23.1.1.425, adult female, skin and skull, from Kulme, Wadi Aribo, Darfur Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Ob- tained August 28, 1921, by Lynes and Lowe, original No. 897. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 523 SPECIMENS Examrnep: Nineteen, all in BM, from: Kulme, Wadi Aribo, 14; Niurmya, 1; Kurra, Jebel Marra, 3; Jebel Marra, 1. Draanosis: Upperparts, in general tone, near Saccardo’s Umber. The pure color band of the hairs are near Sayal Brown but because of the intense admixture of black the darker color is apparent. Under- parts plumbeous, but lightly tipped with buffy white. Hands and feet white, tail dark, nearly naked, and of uniform color above and below. Skull relatively large and robust; anterior palatine foramina long; upper toothrow relatively heavy; auditory bullae moderately well developed; rostrum, in general, heavy; zygomatic arches nearly parallel-sided, not tending to bow laterad excessively. MEASUREMENTS OF THE Type Specimen: Length of head and body 145; length of tail 127; length of hind foot 28; length of ear 18; greatest length of skull 32.7; condyloincisive length 30.9; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.6; crown length of upper toothrow 4.8; least interorbital width 4.2; width of rostrum 4.1; length of nasals 14.1; greatest width across zygomatic arches 16.0. Comparisons: M. n. marrensis differs from M. n. ugandae in slightly paler color both above and below, the buffy wash of the belly being somewhat more pronounced. The skull is somewhat longer and more slender; the zygomata not flaring so much; auditory bullae smaller; rostrum longer and narrower; pterygoid region shorter anteroposteriorly. From M. n. blainei, M. n. marrensis differs in darker color, longer hind foot, and longer tail. The skull is larger in all respects, with the exception that the zygomatic arches are narrower. From M. n. macrolepis, M. n. marrensis is of about the same color but somewhat lighter and smaller in size. The skull is smaller in all respects. The bullae are relatively as well as actually more inflated, the rostrum is narrower, the pterygoid region is shorter, and the zygomata are less flaring. From M. kulmei, M. n. marrensis is darker, larger in all respects, and shows the same variation in cranial characters as do the other members of the species natalensis. Remarks: Two species of Mastomys occur together at Kulme, Wadi Aribo. One, M. n. marrensis is dark and large and is decidedly of the natalensis group, the other, M. kulmei, is relatively small and in no way resembles any member of the natalensis complex. Thomas and Hinton (1923, p. 266) referred kulmei to the ‘wild living” kind macrolepis, and marrensis to the “house living’ kind ugandae. It has since been shown that commensalism does not seem to affect the color of these animals and that animals of the same color 524. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 are taken both commensally and ferally. It may be that there is a habitat difference for these two kinds of Mastomys at Kulme, but if so the collectors failed to note it. Mastomys natalensis ugandae (De Winton) FIGURE 7,a Mus ugandae De Winton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 20, p. 317, September 1897. (Entebbe, Uganda.) SprcIMENS ExaMINED: Five, all in BM, from: Ukanda, Bahr-el- Ghazal, 1; Meridi, 2; Yei, 2. MeasuREMENTS: An adult, unsexed, from Yei has no external measurements, but the skull measures as follows: Greatest length 33.0; condyloincisive length 31.0; length of anterior palatine foramina 8.2; crown length of upper toothrow 5.0; least interorbital width 4.7; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 4.1; length of nasals 13.9; greatest width across zygomatic arches 15.8. ReMARKS: Since the type specimen of ugandae is an immature male it is unsuitable for comparison with other types in the species. Topotypes of ugandae which have been available are adult and are generally darker in color than any of the adjacent kinds except macrolepis. It is interesting that this subspecies appears to enter the Sudan only where the Ubangi-Uelle Savanna District of the Guinean Savanna Province extends into the Yambio District. The skulls of ugandae may be distinguished from those of macrolepis by their smaller size and somewhat larger auditory bullae. Praomys albipes fuscirostris (Wagner) Figure 7,b Mus fuscirostris Wagner, Arch. Naturg., vol. 11, sec. 1, p. 149, 1845. (Sennaar, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.) SPECIMENS ExaminEeD: Two, both in BM, from: El Obeid, 1; Kordofan, 1. MeasureMENts: The external measurements of an adult male from Kordofan are as follows: Length of head and body 120; length of tail 95; length of hind foot 37; length of ear 15. The cranial measurements of an adult female from El Obeid are as follows: Greatest length of skull 31.5; condyloincisive length 29.8; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.7; crown length of upper toothrow 4.7; least interorbital width 4.0; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.9; length of nasals 12.6; greatest width across zygomatic arches 14.9. Remarks: These specimens are lighter in dorsal coloration than are specimens of the nominate race from Abyssinia. It seems odd that MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 525 there should be such a hiatus in distribution for this species and it may well be that the specific determination is erroneous. As pointed out elsewhere, these nomenclatorial problems can be resolved only by a competent revision. Praomys butleri (Wroughton) FIGURE 7,b Mus butleri Wroughton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 20, p. 503, December 1907. (Between Chak Chak and Dem Zubeir, Bahr-el-Ghazal.) SPECIMEN EXAMINED: The type. MerasurEMENtsS: The type, an adult female, has the following measurements: Length of head of body 90; length of tail 118; length of hind foot 20; length of ear 16; greatest length of skull 26.4; condy- loincisive length 24.5; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.1; crown length of upper toothrow 4.4; least interorbital width 4.1; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.4; length of nasals 9.3. Remarks: The type and only known specimen is reddish brown with white underparts and white hands and feet. The hairs of the belly are white to the base. There is a faint suggestion of a dorsal area darker than the color of the sides, thus giving the animal the appearance of having a stripe down the back. Hillerman (1941, p. 209) placed bwéleri as a full species under the subgenus Praomys in the genus Rattus. Until further information is available I feel it is best to regard this specimen as a valid species of the genus Praomys. Therefore, I do not follow Allen in allocating it to subspecific status under the species denniae, which is also referred to the genus Praomys. Praomys fumatus oweni, new subspecies FicureE 7,6 Type: MCZ No. 45883, adult male, skin and skull, from Muru- kurun, 50 miles east of Torit, Torit District, Equatoria Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained May 9, 1950, by John S. Owen, original No. 1030. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Highteen, all in MCZ, from: Lafon, 4; Murukurun, 1; Lalanga, eastern Lofit Hills, 1; Gilo, Imatong Moun- tains, 1; Ikoto, 2; Labalwa, 4; Loa, 1; Okaru, 3; Opari, 1. Diaenosis: General over-all dorsal color near Snuff Brown; pure color on shoulders near Cinnamon-Buff; dorsal color ending abruptly on sides, cheeks, upper arm, and leg in the pure white of the belly, throat, chin, and under sides of the forelimbs and hindlimbs; all hairs of underparts white to base; dorsal surfaces of hands and feet white. Skull relatively long and narrow; anterior palatine foramina long; 526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 upper cheekteeth relatively smail; auditory bullae relatively large; wings of pterygoid not markedly flaring laterally; rostrum relatively long but broad. M®&ASUREMENTS OF THE TyPE SpEcIMEN: Length of head and body 119; length of tail 126; length of hind foot 20; length of ear from notch 17; condyloincisive length of skull 26.1; greatest width across zygomatic arches 13.7; least interorbital width 4.1; length of nasals 10.6; crown length of upper toothrow 4.5; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.4; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.7. Comparisons: Praomys fumatus oweni differs from P. f. subfuscus as known by specimens from Sotik, British East Africa, as follows: Color generally darker on dorsal areas; belly with hairs pure white to base instead of plumbeous at base and belly hairs lacking the buffy wash of subfuscus. Skull is somewhat smaller in total length; nasals shorter; interorbital width less; rostrum shorter and narrower; and the wings of the pterygoid somewhat less flaring. From Praomys fumatus fumatus, P. f. owenr differs as follows: Dorsal coloration generally lighter and without prominent chestnut color over nape and shoulders; underparts in both clear white; tail generally more finely annulated. Skull generally larger; anterior palatine foramina longer and narrower; wings of pterygoid not so widely flaring; rostrum somewhat longer and wider; auditory bullae slightly larger; width across zygomatic arches greater. Remarks: Specimens of this subspecies may be distinguished from Praomys tullbergi by their generally smaller size; finer annulations of the tail; and the clear white instead of slaty grey belly. Most of the specimens listed above were taken in a rocky habitat while the others came from cultivated areas. Praomys stella kaimosae (Heller) Epimys alleni kaimosae Heller, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, p. 7, July 5, 1912. (Kaimosi, Kakumega Forest, British East Africa.) SPECIMEN ExAmINep: One from Obbo. MerasurEMENts: A subadult male from Obbo bas the following measurements: Length of head and body 148; length of tail 136; length of hind foot 29. No cranial measurements are available. Remarks: The only specimen available of this small mouse is a subadult which has not yet molted into the complete adult pelage. In addition the skull is badly broken but from the characters remain- ing the specimen belongs to the species P. stella. There are some differences in color and size of bullae, but until more specimens are available from this area I feel it best to refer its subspecific status to kaimosae. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 527 Praomys tullbergi sudanensis, new subspecies Typr: CNHM No. 67268, adult male, skin and skull, from Lotti Forest, Torit District, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained April 7, 1950, by Harry Hoogstraal, original No. 5438. SpecIMENS ExamINnepD: Twenty-one, from: Gilo, Imatong Moun- tains, 16 (12, MCZ); Opari, 30 miles north-northeast of Nimule, 1 (MCZ) ; Lotit Forest, 2; Imowa, Didinga Mountains, 1 (BM); Talanga Forest, 1 (BM). Diacnosis: Upperparts near Antique Brown which terminates abruptly on the sides, flanks, and shoulders in the plumbeous-based, white-tipped hairs of the entire underparts, including the chin, throat, and undersides of forelimbs and hindlimbs. Tail longer than head and body and the hands and feet white with traces of the dorsal color extending on the proximal portions of the first metatarsals and meta- carpals. Entire underparts with hairs white-tipped but plumbeous at base. Skull with but slightly developed supraorbital ridges; zygomatic arches relatively heavy; nasals short; anterior palatine foramina relatively short; braincase relatively flat; auditory bullae relatively large. MEASUREMENTS OF THE TyPE SPECIMEN: Length of head and body 121; length of tail 149; length of hind foot 25; length of ear 21; con- dyloincisive length of skull 29.2; greatest width across zygomatic arches 15.6; least interorbital width 5.0; length of nasals 11.5; crown length of upper toothrow 4.7; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.0; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.7. Comparisons: From the type and type series of Praomys tullbergi peromyscus, P. t. sudanensis differs in lighter color throughout, belly hairs witbout buffy wash, tail more finely annulated, anterior palatine foramina shorter, auditory bullae larger, pterygoid wings more flared laterally, nasals shorter, least interorbital width greater, and brain- case flatter. Praomys tullbergi sudanensis differs from P. t. gacksoni as known from specimens from Kaimosi, British East Africa, in generally brighter color dorsally. The skull differs in that the upper cheekteeth are smaller, auditory bullae larger, width across zygomatic arches greater, rostrum wider and shorter, anterior palatine foramina shorter, nasals shorter, and the braincase is flatter. Remarks: The type specimen of P. ¢. jacksoni from Entebbe, Uganda, is so young that it is worthless for comparative purposes. Therefore, the specimens referred to jacksoni from Kaimosi have been used instead. 386559—_56——6 528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 The reddish brown color of these animals is characteristic of the fully adult pelage. The juveniles and subadults are a much darker plumbeous color with some admixture of brownish hairs. The change from subadult to adult pelage apparently commences on the sides and works dorsally to meet in the middorsal line. Several specimens in the above series show this transitional pelage. Mus bellus aequatorius Setzer Fiaure 7,c Mus bellus aequatorius Setzer, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 48, No. 10, p. 335, October 22, 1953. (Torit.) SprecimMeNS Examinep: Forty-eight, from: Torit, 43 (14, MCZ); Ikoto, 1; Obbo, 1; Loa, 1; Magwe, 1 (MCZ); Nimule, 1 (MCZ). MEASUREMENTS: Even though a large series has been available for study, the type is the only specimen that approaches completeness in the skull. Owing to an error the external measurements as given in the original description are wrong. The correct measurements are as follows: Length of head and body 54; length of tail 37 (not 32); length of hind foot 12 (not 11); length of ear from notch 7; condyloin- cisive length of skull 15.9; crown length of upper toothrow 2.8; greatest width across zygomatic arches 8.8; least interorbital width 3.1; length of nasals 6.2; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.2. Remarks: Specimens of this small mouse taken during the months of April through July show a marked darkening of the pelage and lack almost entirely the white postauricular and subauricular spots that are so characteristic of this subspecies in the pelage in the months from November through February. Regardless of the pelage color, this subspecies may be distinguished from the contiguous subspecies in eastern Africa by the shorter toothrow and narrower rostrum. This mouse appears to have open savanna as its primary habitat. A few specimens, however, were taken in buildings in Torit. Mus bellus delamensis, new subspecies FIGuRE 7,c Typrn: BM No. 28.3.11.61, adult male, skin and skull, from Delami, Nuba Mountain Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Obtained June 3, 1927, by W. Ruttledge, original No. 387. SPECIMENS Examinep: Eleven, all in BM, from: Delami, 9; Agur, 1; Jebel Kadaro, 1. Dracnosis: Upperparts near Cinnamon-Buff, purest on sides, flanks, and cheeks; middorsal area strongly intermixed ‘with black hairs, thus presenting a rather marked stripe from. the nose to the MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 529 base of the tail; entire underparts, subauricular spots, and dorsal surfaces of hands and feet pure white. Skull small, upper toothrow short, auditory bullae but moderately inflated, anterior palatine foramina relatively long, rostrum relatively short and broad, inter- pterygoid space broadly V-shaped, interorbital region relatively wide. MEASUREMENTS OF THE Type Specimen: Length of head and body 51; length of tail 36; length of hind foot 11.5; length of ear 9; greatest length of skull 16.1; condyloincisive length 14.9; length of anterior palatine foramina 3.5; crown length of upper toothrow 2.9; least interorbital width 3.1; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.2; length of nasals 6.2; greatest width across zygomatic arches 8.5. Comparisons: From M. 6b. gondokorae, M. b. delamensis may be distinguished by its markedly lighter color and smaller size. Skull smaller in all measurements except crown length of upper toothrow and length of nasals, anterior palatine foramina smaller, auditory bullae less inflated, and rostrum narrower. M. b. delamensis may be distinguished from M. b. enclavae by its markedly lighter color and smaller size. The skull is markedly smaller in all dimensions but the auditory bullae are equally inflated, thus creating the impression of larger bullae in delamensis. M. b. aequatorius differs from M. 6. delamensis in darker color ard more pronounced subauricular and postauricular spots and generally larger size. ‘The skull is wider across the zygomatic arches, the audi- tory bullae are more inflated, and the braincase is larger. Rey arks: The above comparisons of pelages were, so far as pos- sible, made onanimals taken during thesame month. As may be noted under the remarks section of MM. b. aequatorius, there is a seasonal difference in pelage color. Specimens in the British Museum from the Jebel Marra may be referable to Mus bellus, but since no skulls are available I prefer not to list them. The skins are more nearly like MM. 6. delamensis than any of the other kinds but it would seem improbable that the Jebel Marra animals would be the same. Mus bellus gondokorae Heller FIGURE 7,c Mus bellus gondokorae Heller, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 8, February 28, 1911. (Gondokoro.) Specimens EXxamINnep: Seventeen, from: Gondokoro, 3 (1, BM); Malek, 9 (BM); Mongalla, 2 (BM); Juba, 1 (BM); Kenisa, 1 (BM); Bahr-el-Ghazal, 1 (BM). MEASUREMENTS: The type, an adult male, measures as follows: Length of head and body 60; length of tail 43; length of hind foot 13; 530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 length of ear 8; condyloincisive length of skull 15.9; crown length of upper toothrow 2.9; greatest width across zygomatic arches 9.0; least interorbital width 3.3; length of nasals 6.2; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.5. ReMARKS: When specimens of this subspecies are compared with specimens of M. b. aequatorius they are found to differ in longer head and body, longer tail, generally longer hind foot, and darker coloration in comparable pelages. The subauricular spot is markedly less developed. The upper toothrow is longer and the rostrum is wider. Mus musculoides emesi Heller Mus musculoides emesi Heller, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 5, February 28, 1911. (Kabula Muliro, Uganda.) SprecIMENS EXAMINED: Twelve, from: Lotti Forest, 5 (8, MCZ); Katire, 3 (MCZ); Torit, 2 (MCZ); Lafon, 2 (MCZ). MeaAsuREMENTS: The only complete specimen is an adult male from Lotti Forest. It has the following measurements: Length of head and body 65; length of tail 52; length of hind foot 15; length of ear from notch 10; condyloincisive length of skull 18.1; crown length of upper toothrow 3.3; least interorbital width 3.8; length of nasals 7.6; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.6. Remarks: This small series of mice agrees in most details with the type of MM. m. emesi. There are, though, some peculiarities of the cranium which are not observable in the type. These differences may be due to age or sex, but skin color and external measurements do agree with the type of emes?. This species can possibly be confused with Mus triton, but it can be distinguished from that species by smaller size and the clear white hairs of the belly. It can also be confused with the dark phase of Mus bellus, but can be differentiated by the lack of a dorsal stripe and by the much larger size of M’. Mus tenellus acholi Heller FIGurReE 7,d Mus tenellus acholi Heller, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 6, Febru- ary 28,1911. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave.) SPECIMEN EXAMINED: One, from Torit. Measurements: An adult female from Torit measures as follows: Length of head and body 71; length of tail 33; length of hind foot 14; length of ear from notch 11.5; condyloincisive length of skull 18.9; crown length of upper toothrow 3.4; least interorbital width 3.7; length of nasals 7.5; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.6. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 531 Remarks: In the only specimen available there are certain differ- ences from the type of M. t. acholi. These differences are in the size of the bullae, the size of M?, length of the anterior palatine foramina, and, externally, in a somewhat darker color. Whether these observ- able differences are geographic, individual, or seasonal cannot be determined at this time. Therefore, this specimen is being referred to M. t. acholi on a provisional basis. M. t. acholi may be distinguished from the subspecies of AZus bellus occurring in the same area by its generally larger ear, longer head and body, greater size of M!', greater length of the upper tooth- row, and by the generally larger skull. Mus tenellus tenellus (Thomas) Figure 7,d Leggada tenella Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, pt. 1, p. 298, August 6, 1903. (Roseires, Blue Nile.) SPECIMEN ExamINeD: The type only, in BM. MEASUREMENTS: The measurements of the type, an adult female, are as follows: Length of head and body 50; length of tail 35; length of hind foot 11.5; length of ear 8; greatest length of skull 17.2; condy- loincisive length 16.2; length of anterior palatine foramina 3.8; crown length of upper toothrow 2.9; least interorbital width 3.1; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.3; length of nasals 6.7; great- est width across zygomatic arches 8.8. Remarks: Mus tenellus can usually be distinguished from Mus bellus by its shorter tail and shorter hind foot as weil as a generally darker dorsal color and less extensive white on the belly. The skull is usually larger in all respects except the auditory bullae, which are of the same size but appear smaller in consequence of the larger skull. Apparently tenellus and its subspecies in the Sudan are not common mice since so few are known in collections. Mus triton imatongensis Setzer Mus triton imatongensis Setzer, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 43, No. 10, p. 334, October 22, 1953. (Gilo, Imatong Mountains.) SpEcIMENS EXAMINED: Twenty-one, all from Gilo, Imatong Mountains (9, MCZ). MEASUREMENTS: Average and extremes of seven adult males and four adult females from Gilo are, respectively: Length of head and body 71.5 (66-79), 77.5 (72-81); length of tail 53.5 (50-56), 54 (53- 57); length of hind foot 16 (14-17), 16.5 (16-17); length of ear from notch 8.5 (7.0-9.0), 8.6 (8.0-10.0); condyloincisive length of skull 19.5 (19.5), ?; greatest width across zygomatic arches 10.5 (10.3- 532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Proomys Lolbipes fuscirostris 2butleri 4.mocrolepis Z3fumotus owen! S.morrensis 6.ugondce HI | HII) - ||| | Hil II Ty ul | ty Hy HHI} i \} ) Mus ballus it | i |oequotorius a 2.delamensis { AM 3.gondokorae i Mus tenellus Locholi 2.tenellus Ficure 7.—Distribution of Mastomys (in part), Praomys, and Mus in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. (Scale: 1 inch=400 miles.) 10.8), 10.8 (10.8); length of nasals 7.9 (7.8-8.1), 8.3 (8.2-8.5); least interorbital width 3.9 (3.9); 3.9 (3.8-4.0); crown length of upper toothrow 3.6 (3.5-3.7), 3.6 (3.5-3.7). Remarks: These specimens were all taken in grass either in coffee plantations or along forest streams. The characters separating imatongensis from the nominate form from Uganda are the greater development of the auditory bullae and the vaulting of the cranium. Specimens taken in June are somewhat lighter in color than those taken in January. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 533 Lophuromys aquilus margarettae Heller Lophuromys aquilus margarettae Heller, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 16, p. 7, July 5, 1912. (Mount Gargues, Matthews Range, British East Africa.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twenty-three, from: Gilo, Imatong Moun- tains, 11 (6, MCZ); Lotti Forest, Imatong Mountains, 4 (1, MCZ); Magwe, 36 miles southwest of Torit, 1 (MCZ); Issore, Imatong Mountains, 2 (BM); Lomoling, Imatong Mountains, 1 (BM); Kutibol, Imatong Mountains, 2 (BM); Kipia, Imatong Mountains, 2 (BM). MerasurEMENts: There are no adult females of this species in the collection, but the measurements of an adult male from Gilo, Imatong Mountains, are as follows: Length of head and body 132; length of tail 70; length of hind foot 21; length of ear 11; condyloincisive length of skull 28.4; posterior edge of M? to front of incisor 14.5; length of upper toothrow 4.9; least interorbital width 5.9; length of nasals 12.8; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.7; width across M1—M! 6.6. Remarks: In general these specimens agree with the type of margarettae but are somewhat paler in dorsal color. The specimens from the Lotti Forest are markedly paler. It may be that these represent a new subspecies but until the amount of variation, indi- vidual, sexual, and specific, is known I feel that it is best to refer these to margarettae as being indicative of their nearest relationship. There are certain peculiarities of the skull of the two species aquilus and sikapusi that may be of significance in determining the species. In the latter there is a pronounced bony tuberosity at the posterior end of the bony palate which is marked in immatures and becomes progressively more noticeable as the animal ages. ‘This tuberosity is inconspicuous in young specimens of aquilus and in adulthood is about as in young of sikapusi. In addition, the sculpturing along the lateral margins of the palate is more pronounced at all age levels in sikapusi and the posterior palatine foramina are, in general, longer and more open than in aquilus. This size and shape of the pos- terior palatine foramina in certain instances shows an overlap, so the degree of usefulness is questionable. However, combining the color of the dorsum and the cranial features as outlined above as well as under the remarks section for sikapusi pyrrhus, the animals from the Sudan can be distinguished with a certain degree of accuracy. Lophuromys sikapusi pyrrhus Weller Lophuromys pyrrhus Heller, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 10, February 28, 1911. (Rhino Camp.) Specimens ExaMINED: Twenty-three, from: Gilo, Imatong Moun- tains, 15 (1, MCZ); Nimule, 4 (MCZ); Katire, 2 (1, MCZ); Yambio District, 2 (BM). 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 MeasvReMENTs: An adult male and an adult female from Gilo, Imatong Mountains measure, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 119, 125; length of tail 69, 75; length of hind foot 22, 22; length of ear 11, 13; condyloincisive length of skull ?, 28.4; posterior edge of M® to front of incisor 14.2, 14.0; crown length of upper toothrow 4.8, 4.8; greatest width across zygomatic arches 15.2, 14.5; least interorbital width 5.9, 5.8; length of nasals 11.6, 13.0; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.5, 3.5; width across M*—M? 6.7, 6.6. Remarks: This species is difficult to distinguish from L. aquilus in all of the specimens examined. In general, sitkapusi is darker in color than is aguilus. In addition to the darker dorsal color, the ratio between the width of the anterior ends of the auditory bullae and the width of the posterior choanae averages about 60 percent, which means that the choanae are narrower in proportion to the space between the bullae. This same ratio in aguilus is in the neigh- borhood of 80 percent. The coloration of the belly is extremely variable in both species and apparently is no criterion for separating the two kinds. The amount of cranial variation between individuals of the two species is so great that only averages may be used to determine the correct allocation of specimens. Acomys albigena Heuglin Acomys albigena Heuglin, Reise in Nordost-Afrika, vol. 2, p. 68, 1877. (Bogos Country, Abyssinia.) SPECIMENS ExamiINeD: Four, all in BM, from Gallabat. MerssvuREMENTs: An adult male from Gallabat measures as follows: Length of head and body 94; length of tail 100; length of hind foot 19; length of ear 16; greatest length of skull 30.0; condyloincisive length 26.7; length of anterior palatine foramina 7.1; crown length of upper toothrow 5.0; least interorbital width 4.7; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.1; length of nasals 11.9; greatest width across zygomatic arches 13.4. Remarks: This species is darker in color than any normally colored Acomys in the Sudan. There is a blackish stripe along the mid-dorsal line shading over the sides into a dark reddish buff. Belly, hands and feet are pure white. The tail, instead of being rather uniformly colored, as in other kinds, is dark above and white below, thus pre- senting a bicolored aspect. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 535 Acomys cahirinus cineraceus Fitzinger and Heuglin Fictre 8,4 Acomys cineraceus Fitzinger and Heuglin, Sitzb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 54, sec. 1, p. 573, 1866. (Doka, eastern Sennsar, between the Atbara and Rahad Rivers.) Specimens Examinep: Eleven, all in BM, from: Khartoum, 1; Abu Haraz, 1; El Kowa, 2; Kamisa, Dinder River, 4; Singa, 1; Abu Ushar, 2. MEasvREMENTs: An adult male from El Kowa measures as follows: Length of head and body 103; length of hind foot 15.5; length of ear 15; greatest length of skull 27.3; condyloincisive length 25.1; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.3; crown length of upper toothrow 4.2; least interorbital width 4.5; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.1; length of nasals 10.5; greatest width across zygomatic arches 13.2. Remarks: The single specimen available from Khartoum shows intergrading characters in color and shape of the pterygoid region with A. cahirinus hunteri. Acomys cahirinus hunteri De Winton Figtre 8&4 Acomys huniteri De Winton, Nov. Zool., vol. 8, p. 401, Dee. 31, 1900. (Pisin of Tokar, Suakin.) SpecIMENS Exammnep: Thirteen, all in BM, from: Erkowit, 4: Tokar, 2; Sinkat, 1; Kerma, 2; Shereik, 1; Merowe, 2; Kaiul Hills, 1. MEASUREMENTS: The measurements of an adult male from Tokar are as follows: Length of head and body 117; length of hind foot 16; length of ear 16; greatest length of skull 28.4; condyloincisive length 26.0; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.6; crown length of upper toothrow 3.8; least interorbital width 4.7: width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.3; length of nasals 10.5; greatest width across zygomatic arches 13.7. Remarks: Specimens from Kerma, Shereik, and Merowe are inier- grades in color and size of auditory bullae with A. ec. eahirinus. How- ever, since the intermediacy of character is found in only these two features and the rest of the characters are like hunteri they are referred to that subspecies. Acomys hystrella Heller Fietre 8,4 Acomys hystrella Heller, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 56, No. 17, p. 13, Feb. 28, 1911. (Nimule.) SPecIMENS ExamInep: Twenty-seven, from: Nimule, 12 (4, MCZ): 20 miles northeast of Nimule, 2; Torit, 1; 20 miles west of Torii, 2: 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Moli, 35 miles west of Torit, 2 (MCZ); Lafon, 60 miles north of Torit, 3 (MCZ); Opari, 25 miles north-northeast of Nimule, 3 (MCZ); Okaru, 25 miles west of Torit, 2 (MCZ). MeasureMeEnts: An adult male and an adult female from Nimule measure, respectively, as follows: Length of head and body 100, 101; length of tail 90, 105; length of hind foot 18, 18; length of ear 12, 14; greatest length of skull 28.6, 29.0; condyloincisive length 26.0, 26.3; crown length of upper toothrow 4.9, 4.5; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 6.0, 6.1; least interorbital width 4.7, 4.8; greatest width across zygomatic arches 13.9, 13.8; length of nasals 10.8, 11.2. Remarks: These specimens vary somewhat from the type series of hystrella in that they present a slightly redder appearance. This may be due, however, to the present skins being fresher and less faded than the original series. In three of the specimens in the fresh series, the grayish color on the back is more pronounced than in the rest. The skulls, however, are somewhat narrower than in the type series, but this is the only departure in cranial features. Acomys intermedius Wettstein FIcureE 8,a Acomys intermedius Wettstein, Anz. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat., vol. 53, p. 161, 1916. (Dilling.) SpeciIMENS EXAMINED: Eight, all in BM, from: 60 miles west of Obeid, 2; 75 miles north of El Obeid, 1; 50 miles west of El Obeid, 1; 20 miles west of Nahud, 1; 40 miles west of Nahud, 1; 10 miles east of Nahud, 1; 10 miles west of Nahud, 1. Measurements: An adult male from 20 miles west of Nahud measures as follows: Length of head and body 94; length of tail 86; length of hind foot 16; length of ear 14; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.1; crown length of upper toothrow 4.0; least interorbital width 4.4; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 2.9; length of nasals 9.8; greatest width across zygomatic arches 12.3. Remarks: There is no evidence of intergradation exhibited in any of the specimens examined, so that while these animals resemble cahirinus they appear not to interbreed with them and are so left as a full species until a complete study is done on the genus as a whole. Acomys lowei, new species Figure 8,a Typz: BM No. 23.1.1.270, adult male, skin and skull, from 40 miles west of El Fasher, Darfur Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Ob- tained Feb. 13, 1921, by Lynes and Lowe, original No. 477. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 537 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sixteen, all in BM, from: El Fasher, 15; 40 miles west of El Fasher, 1. Draanosis: Upperparts near Mars Yellow, underparts, cheeks, hands, feet, suborbital and supra-auricular spots pure white. Skull relatively massive, rostrum long and narrow, braincase moderately well inflated, anterior palatine foramina relatively long, bullae mod- erately well inflated. MEASUREMENTS OF THE TyPr SpEcIMEN: Length of head and body 94; length of tail 93; length of hind foot 17; length of ear 15; greatest length of skull 28.9; condyloincisive length 26.0; length of anterior palatine foramina 6.6; crown length of upper toothrow 4.6; least inter- orbital width 4.9; width of rostrum at level of antorbital foramen 3.1; length of nasals 11.2; greatest width across zygomatic arches 13.6. Comparisons: From ll Felis libyca Libyco _ 2.ugandoe : i % Dy Procavio ruficeps Lebneri f ps SJ Procavia hobessinica ) ; Lburtonii ; 2.butleri : 2.marrensis = \ 3.slotini ™ \ 3.ruficeps : Hl 1b a ) il| Hh 3. ae, il I Ml : nits f My oe e. " i ae ————— ~~ 4 —_ SS | | sh pes nity * 3 a zi Ficure 9.—Distribution of Ictonyx, Felis,*and Procavia in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. (Scale: 1 inch=400 miles.) Remarks: These specimens are pale gray in general over-all color and have a rather large orange colored dorsal spot. The nominate race. may: be differentiated from marrensis by some- what smaller size, posterior choanae more flaring, auditory bullae MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 569 smaller, ventral foramen enclosed by the zygoma smaller, and frontals more inflated. The amount of variation in certain aspects of the cranium is rather great, as may be seen from the measurements of two males of like age (so far as could be determined by the degree of wear on the last molar). Order PERISSODACTYLA Family EQuipsar Subfamily Equinae Equus asinus africanus (Fitzinger) Asinus africanus Fitzinger, Wissenschaftlich-populire Naturgeschicte der Siug- thiere . . . vol. 3, p. 667, 1857. (Nubia.) Remarks: No specimens of this animal have been seen. It is now considered to be extinct in its former range in Nubia. Equus asinus dianae (Dollman) Asinus asinus dianae Dollman, Proc. Linn. Soc. London (1934-35), 147th session, p. 132, May 9, 1935. (Wadi Hafta, lat. 17°43’ N., long. 37°36’ E.) SPECIMEN EXAMINED: One, in BM, from the type locality. Remarks: From the appearance of the skin of this ass, contrasted to a skin of somalicus and a color interpretation from the literature of africanus, it would seem to be an intergrade. Certainly the geographic area from which it comes places it between the two previously named kinds. Owing to the fact that so few specimens are known of dianae, and apparently no specimens of africanus, I feel it is best to leave the name dianae as expressing a different population but which may be shown later to be the same as one of the previously named kinds adjacent to its type locality. Equus burchellii b6hmi Matschie Equus béhmi Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 131, 1892. (Pan- gani River, Tanganyika.) Remarks: No specimens of this zebra have been examined. Ham- ilton (1920, p. 346) cites observations of this animal from the Bor District but comments that they are probably stragglers during the dry season. The same author says that lat. 7°30’ N. is probably the extreme northern limit of the range. 570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Family RHINOCEROTIDAE Ceratotherium simum cottoni (Lydekker) Rhinoceros simus cottoni Lydekker, The Field (London), vol. 111, p. 319, Feb. 22, 1908. (Lado Enclave.) Specimens Examinep: Four, from: Bahr-el-Ghazal District, 3; Uganda-Lado-Sudan boundary, 1 (BM). Remarks: The white, or square lipped, rhinoceros probably ranges only as far north as the swamps on the west bank of the Nile. For further information concerning the white rhinoceros see KE. Heller’s article, “The White Rhinoceros” (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 1-77, 1913). Diceros bicornis somaliensis (Potocki) Rhinoceros brucii Lesson, Nouveau tableau du régne animal . . . Mammiféres, p. 159, 1842. (Nomen nudum.) Rhinoceros bicornis somaliensis Potocki, Sport in Somaliland, p. 82, 1900. (Oga- den, Ethiopia.) Specimens Examinep: Two, both in BM, from: Jubaland, 1; Sennaar, lat. 12° to 13° N., 1. Remarks: Mr. Harry Hoogstraal informs me that the black rhino is still to be found in certain low lying areas between Juba and Torit. Order ARTIODACTYLA Family SUIDAE Subfamily Suinae Sus scrofa sennaariensis Gray Sus sennaariensis Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 32, May 1868. (Sennaar, Kordofan, and Sudan). SprecIMENS EXAMINED: None. Remarks: This subspecies of pig is being included in this report on the basis of observations of feral pigs in several parts of the Sudan. Phacochoerus aethiopicus bufo Heller Phacochoerus africanus bufo Heller, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 61, No. 22, p. 2, Jan. 26, 1914. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave.) Phacochoerus barkeri Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 6, p. 416, October 1920. (Southwest of Bahr-el-Ghazal.) SpEcIMENS ExamINep: Five, from: Kulme, Wadi Aribo, 2 (BM); southwestern Bahr-el-Ghazal, 1 (BM); Torit, 2. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 571 Remarks: P. a. bufo may be distinguished from P. a. aeliani from British East Africa and Ethiopia by the wider upper molars, less inflated auditory bullae, less concavity of the dorsal surface of the skull between the orbits, and the flatter nasals. The skull available from Torit is of an immature female of the same age as the type of P. a. bufo. In all characters this skull agrees with the type and differs from P. a. aeliani as above. These characters are not sexual or age variations since they differ to the same degree in animals of comparable age and sex of P. a. aeliani from British East Africa. The skull of P. barkeri differs from P. a. aeliani in exactly the same degree and quality as do skulls of P. a. bufo. Since Rothschild’s name is antedated by bufo and since I can detect no differences between bufo and barkeri I am treating the latter as a synonym of the former. Family HrepopoTaMIDAE Hippopotamus amphibius amphibius Linnaeus Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 74, 1758. (Nile River, Egypt.) (Other synonyms extralimital to the Sudan.) SPECIMENS ExaAmrinepb: Two, both in BM, from White Nile. Remarks: The hippopotamus was formerly abundant throughout the Nile drainage. It is now extinct north of Khartoum and reduced in numbers throughout the rest of the drainage system except in the great lakes to the south. Family GirAFFIDAE Giraffa camelopardalis Linnaeus Remarks: Two subspecies of giraffes are supposed to exist in the Sudan. The northern and eastern one is Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis Linnaeus, 1758, with the type locality given as ‘‘Ethio- pia and Sennar,” actually from a captive animal in Cairo, Egypt, assumed to be from the Abyssinian, or Kassala, side of Upper Nubia. The western and southern subspecies has been described as Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum Jardine, 1835, with the type locality stated as ‘“‘Senaar and Darfour.’’ Other names have been proposed but are now regarded as synonyms of the earlier camelopardalis and antiquorum. As may be noted, both subspecies share the type locality of Sennaar. This seems highly unreasonable but without a detailed study of the genus it seems that the problem will not be solved. Only two speci- 572 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 mens have been available to me from the Sudan. These are from the White Nile and from Fashoda, both presumably within the range of the nominate form. Apparently the giraffe is becoming more and more restricted in range and numbers in all parts of the Sudan. Family BovipAk Subfamily Bovinae Tragelaphus scriptus bor Heuglin Ficure 10,a Tragelaphus bor Heuglin, Reise in Nordost-Afrika, vol. 2, p. 122, 1877. (Req marshes and Bongo, Bahr-el-Ghazal.) SpreciIMEeNsS ExamINepD: Nine, from: Wau, Jur River, 1 (BM); 80 miles northeast of Lado, lat. 4°50’ N., long. 32°55’ E., 1 (BM); 100 miles northeast of Bor, 4 (BM); Lokila, 1 (BM); Nimule, 1; 60 miles north of Nimule, 1. Remarks: The bushbucks listed here as species of the genus Tragelaphus were formerly considered to belong to the genera Strep- siceros, Limnotragus, and Tragelaphus. The two former genera are now considered subgenera. The species under the subgenus Strepsiceros is strepsiceros; for the subgenus Limnotragus the species is spekii; and for the subgenus Tragelaphus the species is scriptus. Tragelaphus scriptus decula (Riippell) Ficure 10,a Antilope decula Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehdrig, Sdugethiere, p. 11, pl. 4, 1835. (Northwest slope of the highlands about Dembea Lake and the Kulla, Ethiopia.) SpEcIMEN ExAMINED: One, in BM, from Salam River on Upper Atbara River. Tragelaphus scriptus dodingae Matschie Figure 10,a Tragelaphus cottoni dodingae Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 556, December 1912. (Kedef Valley, western foothills of Dodinga (—Did- inga) Range, east-northeast of Dufilé.) Tragelaphus scriptus barkerit J. D. Millais, Far away up the Nile, p. 233, 1924. Imatong Mountains. SPECIMENS Examinep: Four, allin BM, from: Imatong Mountains, 3; Lomuleng, Imatong Mountains, 1. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 573 Tragelaphus spekii larkenii (St. Leger) Limnotragus spekii larkenii St. Leger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 8, p. 420, October 1931. (Bahr-el-Ghazal, 50 miles south of Yambio, lat. 4°30’ N., long. 28° E.) SPECIMENS Examinep: Light, all in BM, from: Diawo, 4; lat. 4°30’ N., long. 28° E., south of Yambio, 2; Yambio, 1; Bahr-el-Ghazal, 1 Tragelaphus strepsiceros chora (Cretzschmar) Antilope chora Cretzschmar, in Riippell, Atlas zu der Reise im nérdlichen Afrika von Riippell, vol. 1, Saéugethiere, p. 22, 1826. (Eastern Sudan.) Antilope tendal Cretzschmar, in Riippell, Atlas zu der Reise im nérdlichen Afrika von Rippell, pt. 1, Saugethiere, p. 22, 1826. (Deserts of ‘‘Sinerie’’ to Ambukol.) (Stated by Lydekker and Blaine, Catalogue of the Ungulate Mammals in the British Museum (Natural History), vol. 3, p. 202, 1914, perhaps to be Addaz nasomaculatus.) Strepsiceros abyssinicus Fitzinger, Sitzb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat., vol. 59, sect. 1, p. 176, 1869. (Abyssinia, Somaliland, to Kordofan.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Two, both in BM, from: Blue Nile, 1; Kirerib, 1. Taurotragus derbianus gigas (Heuglin) Boselaphus gigas Heuglin, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Jena, vol. 30, No. 2, p. 19, pl. 1, fig. 2, 1863. (West of the Upper Nile, lat. 7° N., Bahr- el-Ghazal.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Five, from: Khor Gorman, 30 miles west of Rumbek, 1 (BM); Bahr-el-Ghazal, 1 (BM); 25 miles west of Rejaf, 3. Remarks: The giant eland of southwestern Sudan apparently is not a common big game species. Its affinities are definitely with the West African species derbianus and not with the eastern and southern African species oryz. Syncerus caffer aequinoctialis (Blyth) B{ubalus] caffer, var. aeguinoctialis Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 372, 1866. (White Nile.) Bubalus azrakensis Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 169, 1906. (Roseires.) Bubalus solvayt Matschie, Deutsche Jager-zeitung, vol. 57, No. 7, p. 104, 1911. (Mongalla.) SPECIMENS EXamINeED: None. Remarks: The buffalo is recorded here on the basis of sight records by Hoogstraal in the southern Sudan. 574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Subfamily Cephalophinae Cephalophus caerulus aequatorialis Maischie Figure 10,b Cephalolophus (sic) aequatorialis Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 112, 1892. (Chagwe, Uganda.) Specimens Examinep: Three, all in BM, from: Diawo, 1; south- western Sudan, 2. Remarks: The blue duiker has its main range to the south and east. It is doubtful that these animals are to be found in the Sudan out of the Congo forest extension and, in the case of musculoides, out of the mountain forest which is a counterpart of the British East African type of mountain habitat. Cephalophus caerulus musculoides Heller Figure 10, Cephalophus monticola musculoides Heller, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 61, No. 7, p. 9, July 31, 1913. (Kakamega Forest, British East Africa.) SprcimeEN Examinep: One, from Lerua, southwestern slope of Acholi Mountains, Torit District. Remarks: This specimen is referred to musculoides only provi- sionally. It is a skin without a skull which was purchased from a native. Hoogstraal noted in his field catalog that these animals were very rare. Sylvicapra grimmua roosevelti Heller Sylvicapra grimmi (sic) roosevelti Heller, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 60, No. 8, p. 9, Nov. 2, 1912. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Six, from: Torit, 3; Torit area, 3. Remarks: All of the above specimens are immature. The oldest is a female in which M! is just erupting. While no specimens of comparable age of true rooseveltt have been available, the characters of both skin and skull of the above animals seem to agree in detail with older specimens of roosevelti. Subfamily Hippotraginae Kobus defassa harnieri (Murie) Antilope harnieri Murie, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 5, pl. 2, May 1867. (White Nile.) Kobus defassa breviceps Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 424, 1910. (Pembé, on the Nile between Dufilé and Matete, Lado Enclave.) Kobus defassa ladoensis Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 426, 1910. (Matete, on the Nile between Dufilé and Lado, Lado Enclave.) Kobus defassa griseotinctus Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 427, 1910. (Kerri, on the Nile near Kero, north of Lado, Lado Enclave.) MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 575 SPECIMENS ExamrinepD: Three, all in BM, from: White Nile, about lat. 9° N., 1; Bahr Zeraf, Upper Nile, 1; Dinder River, 1. Remarks: The waterbuck probably occurs throughout the Nile drainage. It is usually found not far from permanent water. Adenota kob leucotis (Lichtenstein and Peters) Antilope leucotis Lichtenstein and Peters, Ber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin (1853), p. 164, 1854. (Sobat River, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.) Adenota kul Heuglin, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Halle, vol. 30, No. 2, p. 12, 1863. (Plains of the Sobat.) Adenota wuil Heuglin, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Halle, vol. 30, No. 2, p. 18, 1863. (Sobat Plains.) Adenota nigroscapulata Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 15, 1899. (Bahr-el-Gebel, between lat. 6° and 7° N.) Cobus vaughani Lydekker, The Field (London), vol. 108, p. 698, Oct. 20, 1906. (Wau, lat. 7°30’ N., long. 28°10’ E.) Adenota kob notata W. Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 12, p. 575, December 1913. (Ahmed Aga, Bahr-el-Abiad.) Specimens ExamINnep: Twenty-two, from: Bahr-el-Ghazal, 2 (BM); Fan Ashir, 4 (BM); White Nile, 3 (BM); Lewelli, lat. 6° N., long. 33°40’ E., 1 (BM); Awan, 1 (BM); Jebel Ahmed Aga, 2 (BM); Lokila, 1 (BM); Lake No, 4; Mouth of Bahr-el-Zeraf, 4. Remarks: The specimens from Jebel Ahmed Aga described by Rothschild (loc. cit.) as A. k. notata are not distinguishable from ani- mals from the mouth of the Bahr-el-Zeraf and from Lake No. Unfor- tunately no specimens from the plains of the Sobat have been avail- able, but specimens from the Bahr-el-Zeraf can be considered to rep- resent this form. It thus appears that the names nigroscapulata and notata should fall as synonyms of leucotis. The name alurae from Rhino Camp appears to be valid, since ani- mals of like age are smaller and generally lighter in color than leucotis. It may be that the name vaughani from Wau, assigned as a synonym to leucotis, may actually be valid, in which case the name alurae would fall as a synonym to vaughani. No specimens of vaughani have been seen. Redunca bohor cottoni (W. Rothschild) Cervicapra redunca cottoni W. Rothschild, zn Powell-Cotton, A sporting trip through Abyssinia (app. 3, mammals), p. 470, 1902. (Between Bahr-el- Zeraf and Bahr-el-Jebel.) Capra redunca donaldsoni W. Rothschild, in Powell-Cotton, A sporting trip through Abyssinia (app. 3, mammals), p. 471, 1902. (Hast of Lado near Sudan-Uganda boundary, and western Somaliland.) Specimens Examinep: Ten, from: Gogriel, Bahr-el-Ghazal, 2 (BM); Kaka, 1 (BM); Dinder Valley, 1 (BM); 150 miles east of Lado, Mongalla Province, 2; 60 miles north of Nimule, 4. 386559—56——9 576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Remarks: The reedbuck is apparently rather widely distributed over the southern portion of the Sudan to about lat. 15° N. The favored habitat seems to be heavy reeds near watercourses. Hippotragus equinus bakeri Heuglin Hippotragus bakeri Heuglin, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Jena, vol. 30, No. 2, p. 16, 1863. (Between upper Atbara and Bahr-el-Salaam Rivers, near Abyssinian border.) Hippotragus equinus doggetti de Beaux, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 3, vol. 9, p. 231, July 10, 1921. (Near Gondokoro.) SPECIMENS ExaMINeEp: Thirteen, from: Meshra Zeraf, 3 (BM); Dinder River, 1 (BM); Dinder Valley, 1 (BM); Rejaf, 1; Gondokoro, 3; 60 miles north of Nimule, 2; Torit, 2. Remarks: The roan antelope apparently ranges over the southeast quarter of the Sudan. The specimens from the Dinder River area are virtual topotypes of bakeri. I can discern no differences between these animals and ones from Gondokoro which are topotypes of dogetti. Therefore, I am referring all the roan antelopes from the south and southeastern Sudan to the earlier named bakerv. Oryx dammah (Cretzschmar) Antelope dammeh Cretzschmar, in Riippell, Atlas zu der Reise im nérdlichen Afrika von Rippeil, pt. 1, Sdugethiere, p. 22, 1826. (“Probably Kordofan,” Haraza, eastern Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.) A[ntilope] tao H. Smith, in Griffith, The animal kingdom ... by the Baron Cuvier... , vol. 4, p. 189, vol. 5, p. 327, 1827. (“Some days journey’s dis- tance from the Bahr-el-Abiad.”’) Antilope algazella Rippell, Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehorig, Sdugethiere, p. 26, 1835. (Plains of Nubia to Fayum, Egypt.) SPECIMEN EXAMINED: One, in BM, from Sennaar. Remarks: The nomenclature of the scimitar oryx has been com- pounded in confusion. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951, p. 385) regard Oken’s names of 1816 to be untenable. With this, I agree. The next available name then, according to the above authors, is Antilope tao H. Smith, 1827, to replace algazel Oken, 1816. They further conclude that the northern African representatives of the oryx are not only congeneric but that they represent a monotype species. I can find no disagreement with the latter conclusion. These authors, however, overlooked the earlier name dammah Cretz- schmar, 1826, for the scimitar oryx, and since it is conceded that these animals are a monotypic species the name should thus stand as Oryz dammah Cretzschmar. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 577 Addax nasomaculatus (Biainyville) Cerophorus (Gazella) or A{ntilope] nasomaculata Blainville, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philo- matique, Paris, p. 75, 1816. (Probably Senegambia.) Antilope addax Cretzschmar, in Riippell, Atlas zu der Reise im nérdlichen Afrika, von Riippell, pt. 1, Sdugethiere, p. 19, pl. 7, 1826. (Desert south of Ambukol to the Haraza Oasis.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Three, all in BM, from: Southwest of Dongola, 1; northwestern Kordofan, lat. 16° N., long. 28° E., 1; Meridi, 200 miles southwest of Dongola, 1. Remarks: It is quite apparent that Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951, p. 385) were correct in considering addaz of Cretzschmar to be identical to Blainville’s earlier nasomaculatus. I can see no differ- ences between the Sudanese specimens and those from the Sahara. Damaliscus korrigum tiang (Heuglin) Damalis tiang Heuglin, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Halle, vol. 30, No. 2, p. 22, 1863. (Sobat Valley.) Damalis tiang-riel Heuglin, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Halle, vol. 30, No. 2, p. 23, 1863. (Bahr-el-Abiad.) Damaliscus corrigum jonesi Lydekker, The Field (London), vol. 110, p. 250, Aug. 10, 1907. (Kordofan.) Damaliscus flowerit Matschie, Jahrb. Inst. Jagdk. Neudamm, vol. 2, p. 168, 1913. (Near Sherif Harrabulla, between Karkoj and Roseires, Blue Nile.) SPECIMENS ExsMINED: Ten, all in BM, from: between Tonga and Lake No, 1; Lokila, 1; White Nile, 2; Gogriel, Bahr-el-Ghazal, 1; Dinder River, 3; Faki-kowi, 200 miles south of Khartoum, 1; Hagach Merurya, Khor Gelegu, upper Dinder River, 1. Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel (Heuglin) FrietreE 10,c Alcronotus] lelwel Heuglin, Reise in Nordost-Afrika, vol. 2, p. 124, 1877. (Req country, Jur and Kosange Rivers. Type locality fixed as Jur River by Schwarz (1920, p. 907).) SpecimEN ExaMINep: One, from Rejaf. Remarks: Ruxton and Schwarz (1929, p. 577) list niediecki as a synonym of lelwel. The type locality of the former, however, lies within the geographic range ascribed to fora. It seems, therefore, that on purely geographic grounds niediecki should stand as a synonym of tora. Alcelaphus buselaphus roosevelti (Heller) Fietre 10,c Bubalis lelwel roosevelti Heller, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 60, No. 8, p. 7, Nov. 2, 1912. (Gondokoro.) Specimens ExAMINep: Sixteen, from: Lokila, 1 (BM); Terehaima, Torit District, 1 (BM); Logh Afrok, Torit District, 1 (BM); between 578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Assua River and Gondokoro, 3 (BM); Torit, 1; Obbo, 1; Gondokoro, 6; 80 miles north of Nimule, 1; vicinity of Nimule, 1. Remarks: This hartebeest may well be the same as tora from farther north and east. Ruxton and Schwarz (1929, p. 577) com- ment that this subspecies may, however, be classed with jacksoni whose range lies to the south and east. Whichever way roosevelti may be allocated it is certainly not a well defined subspecies. Alcelaphus buselaphus tora Gray Figure 10,c Alcephalus (sic) tora Gray, Nature (London), vol. 8, p. 364, Sept. 4, 1873. (Pre- liminary notice.) Alcelaphus tora Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 12, p. 341, October 1873. (Dembelas, Bogos country, Ethiopia.) Bubalis niediecki Neumann, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 95, 1905. (Jamboland, Gelo River, upper Sobat River, Ethiopia.) Specimens ExsmInep: Two, both in BM, from Kurmuk District, Blue Nile. Remarks: See under roosevelt and lelwel. Alcelaphus buselaphus tschadensis (Schwarz) Figure 10,c Bubalis lelwel tschadensis Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, p. 11, February 1913. (Ketekma, east of Tschekna, Bagirmi, French Equatorial Africa.) SpeciMEeNS ExaAMINeED: Three, all in BM, from Kulme, Wadi Aribo. Remarks: This subspecies is considered by Ruxton and Schwarz (1929, p. 572) to be a part of the lelwel section of the species. It is doubtful, in my opinion, that any of the so-called races here given as occurring in the Sudan will stand under critical examination, but rather will be shown to be synonymous with the older name tora. Subfamily Antilopinae Ourebia ourebi aequatoria Heller Ourebia montana aequatoria Heller, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 60, No. 8, p. 12, Nov. 2, 1912. (Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave.) Ourebia ourebi ugandae de Beaux, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 3, No. 9, p. 223, Mar. 31, 1921. (Near Gondokoro.) SPECIMENS ExamINnep: Fifteen, from: Adamadi’s Village, Bari Country, lat. 4°10’ N., long. 31°40’ E., 1 (BM); Mongalla Province, 80 miles north of lat. 4° N., 50 miles east of long. 32° E., 1 (BM); Nimule, 4; Torit, 5; Lokila, 3; 8% miles north of Mongalla, 1 (BM). Remarks: The nomenclature of the oribis in the Sudan is indeed confused. The amount of variation in a series of O. o. cottons from MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 579 the Guaso Ngishu Plateau, British East Africa, is quite striking. The color of the pelage ranges from a pale buff to a strong reddish cinnamon, yet the skulls appear to be quite uniform in their charac- teristics. The specimens from Nimule and Torit show this same amount of variation in color and the same degree of uniformity of cranial characters. While no specimens have been seen from Gondokoro, specimens compared to the type of aequatoria from Nimule and Torit show no differences, and those specimens, in turn, compared to material from Mongalla Province show no dissimilarities. Therefore, I feel that the name OQ. 0. ugandae should fall as a synonym of the earlier aequatoria. Ourebia ourebi montana (Cretzschmar) Antilope montana Cretzschmar, in Riippeil, Atlas zu der Reise im nérdlichen Afrika von Riippell, pt. 1, Saéugethiere, p. 11, pl. 3, 1826. (Fazogli Hills, Blue Nile.) Antilope] brevicaudata Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehorig, Siugethiere, p. 25, 1835. (Sennaar.) Specimens Examinep: Thirteen, all in BM, from: Between Tonga and Lake No, 1; 100 miles northeast of Bor, 1; White Nile, about lat. 11° N., 2; 5 miles west of Rumbek, 1; Kamisa, Dinder River, 1; Upper Nile, 1; Kornook, 1; 18 miles southwest of Shambe, 1; 8 miles south of Tonga, 3; halfway between Ist and 2d resthouses on way to Meshra, 1. Remarks: In only a cursory examination of the ungulates of the Sudan, it is apparent that they all need a vast amount of work done on them. In Ourebia, particularly, there are many striking similarities between the subspecies. It may well be that when they are studied in more exacting detail montana will be found to be the name to be applied to all of the eastern and southern Sudanese oribis. Rhynchotragus guentheri smithii (Thomas) Madoqua guentheri smithit Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1900), p. 804, Apr. 1, 1901. (About 30 miles southeast of Lake Stephanie, Ethiopian Border.) SPECIMENS ExamINnepD: Twelve, from: Ikoto, 8; Torit, 3; Latuka Mountains, 1 (BM). Remarks: The long-snouted dikdiks are apparently found only in the extreme southeastern Sudan in open savanna country. Notes on Gazella The genus Gazella, in the Sudan, is divided into two subgenera. The typical subgenus, Gazella, is distinguished by the following: Fe- males bearing well developed horns; body size small or medium; and white of rump not intruding far into fawn color of body. The species 580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 in the Sudan which are referable to this subgenus are G. dorcas, G. leptoceros, G. rufifrons, and G. thompsonii. The second subgenus in the Sudan is Nanger. It is characterized by the following: Females with well developed horns; body size large; and white of rump extending rather far into fawn color of body. The species in the Sudan which are referable to this subgenus are G. granti, G. soemmerringti, and G. dama. Key to the species in the subgenus Gazella id FPlankband indistinet.:..1*.. «fee alindeisslead arande ansie nuke Eilers 2 Blank “band sbiack. 2\q i. cess oon es ae ew ae ee Ga ogee ie cat ae Ao 2s AVOLNSMUSU AL yan yTAte emer ete erence ene ees oR Sconce acm ements dorcas Borns usually not lyrate: 2 syie nn, oo ge eds bes . . . leptoceros 3. Nose spot absent; light face stripes buffy. .... ASA eo SP A Rs Nose spot black; light face stripes white . .......... thompsonii The species of the subgenus Nanger may be distinguished from one another by the length of the horns. In granti, the horns approximate 30 inches and lack any terminal hooking; soemmerringii has horns ap- proximating 22 inches and the tips hook inward; in dama the horns approximate 13 inches and the tips hook forward and upward. Gazella dorcas isabella Gray Ficure 10,d Gazella isabella Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, vol. 18, p. 214, September 1846. (Type locality fixed as Abyssinia by Blaine, 1913, p. 292.) Antilope dorcas, a isidis Sundevall, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Stockholm (1845), p. 267, 1847. (Sennaar, Nubia, Egypt.) Specimens Examinep: Two, both in BM, from: Mashail, 1; Khor Hadhad, 1. Gazella dorcas littoralis Blaine FicurE 10,d Gazella littoralis Blaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, p. 295, March 1913. (Khorasot, Nubian Desert.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seventeen, from: Suakin, 3 (BM); 4 miles south of Suakin, 1 (BM); 12 miles south of Suakin, 1 (BM); Atra Rabai Hills, 1 (BM) ; Hafia, 1 (BM); Dongola, 2 (BM); Jebel Bawati, 8. Gazella dorcas osiris Blaine Figure 10,d Gazella littoralis osiris Blaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, p. 295, March 1913. (Nakheila, near junction of Atbara with the Nile.) SpPErcIMENS ExAMINED: Ten, all in BM, from: Nakheila, 5; Omdur- man, 1; near E] Fasher, 1; Kordofan, 1; 10 miles northwest of El Fasher, 1; 10 miles east of El Fasher, 1. | \ “ \ | \ \ \ WT , Y \ \ \ \ ( eo | | \ 2 ‘ ) fe od 1 3 Le | | ke j : ; ¥ 2 / mearical ~_.__JTrogelophus scriptus f tilt] Hm VT] {| iv Lbor — cosrulus | TTT i} WU 2.decula YM Loequatorialis | | . y i] | X | HHH) | HTT ATT h 3.dodingce 2.musculoides WE wilt i\|} HATA TATA : HH] WATT THT . FE ANTE IH | i III), 2: HAGE eal = 4 pu 1 r b Nell we Cali s 7 ie dorcas fa ; Lisabello i \ Zlittoralis \ Ny 3.osiris ea I i|| \Wasaisotae Pissornnel a il ilelwel 2.roosevelti 3.tora = 41schocensis se “i = oe Ficure 10.—Distribution of Tragelaphus, Cephalophus, Alcelaphus, and Gazella in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. (Scale: 1 inch=400 miles.) Gazella leptoceros leptoceres (F. Cuvier) Antilope leptoceros F, Cuvier, in E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Histoire naturelle des mammiféres, vol. 7, pt. 72, p. 2, pls. 373, 374, August 1842. (‘Typical locality apparently Sennaar,” Lydekker and Blaine, vol. 3, p. 68. 1914.) Remarks: No specimens of this gazelle have been examined and it seems doubtful to me that this species occurs as far south as the Sudan. If it does occur, it will probably be found in the extreme northwest. 582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Gazella rufifrons laevipes (Sundevall) A[ntilope] laevipes Sundevall, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Stockholm (1845), p. 266, 1847. (Sennaar; Senegal.) Gazella salmi Lorenz, Sitzb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat., vol. 115, sec. 1, pt. 1, p. 21, January 1906. (Fashoda.) SPECIMENS ExamINep: Eight, all in BM, from: Jebel Ahmed Aga, 1; Mongalla, 1; Faki-Kowi, 300 miles south of Khartoum, 1; near Fashoda, 1; White Nile, about lat. 11° N., 1; Agageh, 2; Kaka, 1. Remarks: The red-fronted gazelle may be distinguished from the doreas gazelle by means of its darker color, larger size, and pro- nounced black lateral stripe. Gazella thompsonii albonotatus W. Rothschild Gazella albonotata W. Rothschild, Nov. Zool., vol. 10, p. 480, Dec. 20, 1903. (East side of White Nile, 40 miles north of Kero or Kiri, Mongalla Province.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Six, all in BM, from: Mugatta, Atbara River, 1; Ishaga, Setit River, 1; Mongalla, 2; Unigara, Atbara River, 1; 90 miles east of Lado, 1. Gazella dama ruficollis (H. Smith) A[ntilope] ruficollis H. Smith, in Griffith, The animal kingdom . . . by the Baron Cuvier, vol. 4, p. 205, 1827. (‘‘Nubia’’.) Antilope addra Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 2, May 17, 1833. (Nubia and Kordofan.) A[ntilope] dama var. orientalis Sundevall, Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Stockholm (1845), p. 266, 1847. (Sennaar.) SpeciMENS Examrinep: Three, all in BM, from: 25 miles inland from Omdurman, 1; Kordofan, 1; Sennaar, 1. Gazella granti brighti Thomas Gazella granti brighti Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1900), p. 805, Apr. 1, 1901. (150 miles east of Lado, lat. 5°20’ N., long. 34°5’ E.) SPECIMENS Examrnep: Three, from: 12 miles north of Afmadu, Jubaland, 1 (BM); 150 miles east of Lado, 1 (BM); 160 miles east of Lado, 1. Gazella soemmerringii sibyllae Matschie Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringii sibyllae Matschie, Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, p. 261, 1912. (Singa, Blue Nile.) Specimens Examinep: Five, all in BM, from: Rahad River, 1; Nakheila, 1; 12 miles south of Suakin, 1; Dinder Valley, 1; 18 kilometers from Tokar toward Suakin, 1. MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN—SETZER 583 Subfamily Caprinae Capra ibex nubiana F. Cuvier Capra nubiana F. Cuvier, in E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Histoire naturelle des mammiféres, vol. 6, pl. 397, p. 2, June 1825. (Nubia.) SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Four, all in BM, from: Mashail, 1; Red sea Province, 3. Remarks: Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951, p. 407) treat the Nubian ibex as a subspecies of Capra iber. This is certainly more realistic than the arrangement followed by Schwarz (1935) in which he classed these animals with Capra hircus. List oF New Names ProposzD (Page Numbers in Parentheses) Ateleriz pruneri lowet (453) Elephantulus rufescens hoogstraali (456) Crocidura bicolor tephragaster (458) Crocidura hildegardeae phaios (460) Crocidura nyansae toritensis (462) Crocidura turba tephra (466) Poélagus marjorita oweni (472) Lepus capensis dinderus (474) Gerbillus gerbillus sudanensis (488) Grammo mysmacmillani erythropygus (501) Oenomys hyporanthus talangae (505) Dasymys incomtus palustris (506) Mastomys kulmei (517) Mastomys natalensis agurensis (520) Mastomys natalensis marrensis (522) Praomys fumatus owent (525) Praomys tullbergi sudanensis (527) Mus bellus delamensis (528) Acomys lowei (536) Steatomys thomasi (541) Graphiurus murinus marrensis (542) Cryptomys ochraceocinereus owent (548) Heterohyrar brucei hoogstraali (564) Gazeteer Abu Fatima: 22°25’ N., 36°26’ E. Abu Heraz: 12°59’ N., 29°58’ E.; 14°30’ N., 33°35’ E.; 18°2’ N., 33°58’ B.; 19°4’ N., 32°4’ E.; 14°55’ N., 33°5’ E. Abu Ushar: 14°55’ N., 33°95’ E. Abu Zabad: 145 km. southwest of El Obeid. Adamadi’s Village: 4°10’ N., 31°40’ E. Agageh Wells: 10° N., 29°12’ E. Aggar Forest: 4°40’ N., 29°47’ E. Agur: 11°35’ N.; 30°28’ E. Akanda (see Ukanda). Aradeiba: 12°25’ N., 34°20’ E. Atbara: 17°40’ N., 34° E. Atra Rabai Hills (see Jebel Atraab). Awan: 6°6’ N., 31°48’ E. Ayod: 8°5’ N., 31°25’ E. Badigeru Swamp: 20 miles east of Mon- galla. Bendele: 4°34’ N., 28°23’ E. Berber: 18° N., 34° E. Bir el Girud (=Bir Girid): 22°26’ N., 36°23’ E. Bongo: 6°40’ N., 29°40’ E. Bor: 6°10’ N., 31°35’ E. Chak Chak: 8°40’ N., 26°55’ E. Char, Didinga Mts.: 4°8’ N., 33°47’ E. Delami: 11°50’ N., 30°25’ E. Dilling: 12°5’ N., 29°40’ E. Dongola: 19°13’ N., 30°27’ E. Dorila Lakes: 12°55’ N., 24°15’ E. Dud Majok (= Majak): 9°5’ N., 27°51’ E.; 9°13’ N., 28°37’ E. Duem: 14° N., 32°20’ E. Dugdug: 8°5’ N., 28°34’ E. Duk: 90 miles northeast of Bor. Duk Fagioil (= Duk Faiwil): 7°30’ N., 31°30’ E. Eirerib (= Hireibab): 14°39’ N., 33°24’ E. El Fasher: 13°42’ N., 25°20’ E. 584 El Garef: 12°3’ N., 34°19’ E. El Kowa: 13°40’ N., 32°30’ E. El Malha (see Jebel Meidob). El Obeid: 13°12’ N., 30°17’ E. Emogadung, Dongotona Mts.: N., 33°11’ E. En Nahud (see Nahud). Erkowit: 18°45’ N., 34°15’ E. Eros: 4°7’ N., 33°46’ E. Er Renk: 11°45’ N., 32°50’ E. Faki-kowi: 200 miles south of Khar- toum, Fashoda (see Kodok). Fazogli: 11°20’ N., 34°35’ E. Fort Berkeley: 4°40’ N., 31°35’ E. Gallabat: 12°55’ N., 36°10’ E. Gebel Auli: 15°12’ N., 32°33’ E. Gebel Talodi: 10°36’ N., 30°23’ E. Gedaref: 14°3’ N., 35°25’ E. Gerazi: 13°38’ N., 25°21’ EK. Gilo: 4°2’ N.,.32°50’ E. Gogrial: 8°30’ N., 28°3’ E. Gondokoro: 4°54’ N., 31°40’ E. Goz Abu Gama (= Abu Gamal): 15°10’ N., 36°26’ E. Habissa Wells: 15°35’ N., 31°25’ E. Hagach Merurya (=Khor Gelegu): 12°33’ N., 35°20’ EB. Hamra: 14°5’ N., 24°55’ E.; 14°30’ N., 31°55! Bh. Haraza (see Jebel Haraza). Ikoto: 4°6’ N., 33°6’ E. Imela: 4°10’ N., 32°41’ E. Imowa (=Iwowa, Didinga Mts.): 4°17’ N., 33°42’ E. Imurok: 4°19’ N., 32°24’ E. Ishaga, Setit River: 14°10’ N., 36°15’ E. Issore, Imatong Mts.: 3°55’ N., 32°48’ E. Jebel Ahmed Aga: 11°3’ N., 32°40’ E. Jebel Ain: 12°40’ N., 32°50’ E. Jebel Atraab: 18°8’ N., 38°20’ E. Jebel Bawati: 19°55’ N., 36°55’ E. Jebel Haraza: 15° N., 30°25’ E. Jebel Kadaro: 12°8’ N., 30°15’ E. Jebel Marra: 12°45’ N., to 13°30’ N. and 24°15’ E. to 24°45’ E. Jebel Meidob: 15°15’ N., 28°30’ E. Jebel Um Durragh: 14°50’ N., 30°12’ E. Juba: 4°50’ N., 31°40’ E. Juga Juga: 15 miles east-northeast of El Fasher. 4°11’ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Kagula: 11°8’ N., 30°20’ E. Kajo Kaji: 60 miles south of Rejaf. Kaka: 10°35’ N., 32°10’ E. Kamisa, Dinder River: 13°35’ N., 34°5/ E. Katire: 4°2’ N., 32°47’ E. Katta: 7°52’ N., 21°53’ E. Katul Hills: 14°16’ N., 29°25’ E. Kenisa: 6°50’ N., 31°10’ E. Kerma: 19°35’ N., 30°25’ EB. Khartoum: 15°40’ N., 32°35’ E. Khor Arbat: 19°45’ N., 36°55’ E. Khorasot (=Khor Asot): 18°18’ N., 36°10’ E. Khor Gitti: 7°40’ N., 27°40’ E. Khor Gorman: 30 miles west of Rum- bek. Khor Hanoieit: 19°52’ N., 37°11’ E. Khor Mog: 21°50’ N., 36°22’ E. Kinyeti Valley, Imatong Mts.: 3°58’ N., 32°54’ E. Kipia, Imatong Mts.: 3°57’ N., 32°58’ E. Kit River: 4°30’ N., 31°45’ E. Kitibol, Imatong Mts.: 4°2’ N., 32°51’ E. Kodok: 9°53’ N., 32°5’ E. Kornook (= Kurnuk): 12°45’ N., 31°57’ E. Kulme, Wadi Aribo: 12°35’ N., 23°40’ E. Kurra, northeastern Jebel Marra: 13°17’ N., 24°30’ E. Labalwa: 4°26’ N., 32°38’ E. Laboni, Imatong Mts.: 3°49’ N., 32°46’ E. Lado: 5° N., 31°45’ E. Lafon: 5°2’ N., 32°27" 3. Lake No: 9°25’ N., 30°35’ E. Lalanga, Lofit Hills: 4°36’ N., 32°54’ E. Latuka Mts.: 4°30’ N., 32°40’ E. Lerua: 4° N., 32°34’ E. Letti Basin: 4°2’ N., 32°34’ KE. Lewelli: 6°N., 33°40’ E. Loa: 18 miles north of Nimule. Loka: 60 miles southwest of Fort Berkeley, 4°15’ N., 31° E. Lokila: 4°40’ N., 32°30’ E. Lokwi: 25 miles south of Torit. Lomoling, Imatong Mts.: 4°7’ 32°31’ E. Longairo: 20 miles east of Torit. Loronyo: 4°38’ N., 32°38° E. N,, MAMMALS OF ANGLO-EGYPTIAN 585 SUDAN—SETZER Lotti Forest, Imatong Mts.: 4°2’ N.,|Shabluka Hills: 16°16’ N., 32°44’ E. 32°33’ EB. Mt. Baginzi: 4°40’ N., 29°45’ E. Mt. Lotuke: 4°9’ N., 33°48’ E. Madu: 80 miles northeast of El Fasher. Magwe: 36 miles southwest of Torit. Malakal: 9°30’ N., 31°45’ E. Malek: 6°3’ N., 31°42’ E. Malhab: 15°5’ N., 26°7’ E. Maman: north of Kassala, 15°42’ N., 36°25’ E. Medani: 14°20’ N., 33°30’ E. Meridi: 4°55’ N., 29°32’ EB. Merowe: 18°28’ N., 31°52’ E. Meshra Zeraf: 10°51’ N., 32°30’ E. Moli: 30 miles north of Nimule. Mongalla: 5°10’ N., 31°50’ E. Moyen: 7°48’ N., 28°16’ E. Mugatta, Atbara River: 35°55’ B. Mura, Lofit Hills: 4°48’ N., 33°43’ E. Murukurun: 50 miles east of Torit. Nagichot: 100 miles east of Torit. Nahud: 11°45’ N., 28°25’ E. Nakheila: 17°45’ N., 34° E. N’doruma: 5° N., 27°30’ E. Ngaboli: 47 miles north of Torit. Nimule: 3°36’ N., 32°3’ E. Nubbaka(= Kubbaka), see Nabaqaya in El Obeid area: 12°47’ N., 30°46’ E. Obbo: 4°2’ N., 32°28’ E. Okaru: 4°29’ N., 32°10’ E. Omdurman: 15°37’ N., 32°30’ E. Opari: 50 miles southwest of Torit. Palwar: 45 miles south of Torit. Port Sudan: 19°35’ N., 37°15’ E. Raffili: 6°52’ N., 27°58’ E. Rejaf: 4°45’ N., 31°37’ E. Roseires: 11°52’ N., 34°28’ E. Rumbek: 6°45’ N., 29°40’ E. Sabaluka: 16°20’ N., 32°40’ E. Selima Oasis: 100 miles west of Wadi Halfa. Sennaar: 13°35’ N., 33°40’ E. 14°40’ N., Shambe: 7°8’ N., 30°52’ EB. Shendi: 16°40’ N., 33°27’ E. Shereik: 18°45’ N., 33°36’ E. Shilluk Islands: 9°40’ N., 31°30’ E. Shubhikra(=Shubeika, north of Omdur- man): 15°12’ N., 33°46’ E. Singa: 13°12’ N., 33°55’ EB. Sinkat: 18°47’ N., 36°50’ E. Soba: 15°30’ N., 32°40’ E. Suakin: 19°5’ N., 37°22’ EB. Sue River: 4°45’ N., 28°45’ E. Sunnat: 4°16’ N., 32°49’ E. Tagbo Hills: 14°45’ N., 25°50’ E. Talanga Forest, Imatong Mts.: 4° N., 32°44’ B. Talodi: 10°40’ N., 80°25’ E. Tembura: 5°40’ N., 27°30’ E. Terangole: 20 miles east of Torit. Tina Wells: 13°28’ N., 24°46’ E. Tobbo (=Taba): 10°57’ N., 29°32’ E. Tokar: 18°25’ N., 37°45’ E. Tonga: 9°30’ N., 31°3’ EB. Torit: 4°24’ N., 32°34’ E. Ukanda (=Fort Ukanda): 7°10’ N., 25°42’ BH. Uma: 50 miles north of Nimule. Umm Keddada: 13°35’ N., 26°40’ E.; 9°57/ N., 30°30’ E. Um Ramad: 12°58’ N., 30°2’ EB. Uvolo (=Mvolo): 6°4’ N., 29°56’ E. Um Dona (=Umm Doma): 20°34’ N., 34°16’ EB. Wad Ferow (= Wadi Hafero): 15°24’ N.. 26° 12’ E: Wadferua: 19°30’ N., 33°24’ E. Wadi Alagi: 22° N., 35° E. Wadi Aribo (see Kulme). Wadi Hafta: 17°43’ N., 37°36’ E. Wadi Medani: 10°4’ N., 30°40’ E. Wau, Jur River: 7°40’ N., 28°2’ E. Yambio: 4°33’ N., 28°22’ E. Yei: 4°7’ N., 30°40’ E. Zalingei: 12°57’ N., 23°29’ E. 586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Literature cited ALLEN, GLoverR M. 1939. A checklist of African mammals. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 83, 763 pp. (February.) ALLEN, J. A. 1924. Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 47, art. 3, pp. 73-281. BuaINeE, GILBERT 1913. 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Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum (Natural History). British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), vol. 3, xv + 283 pp. Pocock, R. I. 1917. The classification of existing Felidae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 20, pp. 329-350. (November.) 1944, The races of the North African wild cat (Felis libyca). Proce. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 114, pts. 1, 2, pp. 65-73. (August 16.) 1951. Catalogue of the genus Felis. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), vii 190 pp. (March.) Ruxton, A. E., anp Schwarz, ERNST 1929. On hybrid hartebeests and on the distribution of the Alcelaphus buselaphus group. Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1929), pp. 567-583. (September.) ScHWARz, ERNST 1920. Huftiere aus West und Zentralafrika. Ergebnisse Zweiten Deutschen Zentralafrika Expedition 1910-11, vol. 1, pp. 831-1044. 1935. On ibex and wild goat. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 16, pp. 433-437. (October.) Simpson, GEORGE GAYLORD 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 85, xvi+350 pp. (October 5.) THOMAS, OLDFIELD, AND Hinton, Martin A. C. 1923. On the mammals obtained in Darfur by the Lynes-Lowe expedition. Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1923), pp. 247-271. (June.) WortHInctTON, E. B. 1937. On the evolution of fish in the great lakes of Africa. Int. Rev. Ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., vol. 35, pp. 304-317. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1956 Pag he is. VIACTHY SanGiin * CART IMAIS yi, AF mis 5 <1 2 ss COAMEY Mie. 4 ois f,.! ! { H ay - 7 +e re ity libi¢ sie? * Ts OC pety Ob Alera ruiaii Ar OM Tie BP] loti ev) Yarrwia' th wr (1S ar PAY T) rabbis). Seep nek ae k vi “ ae 4 5 ” r _ LY raaraoll perart . ® 5 a aes i ‘ ic * eth s5nr¢ : Wort ous DOS seeatdiss “asin oO. im, if , fo At - aie + is stl sy b stTEE GL pCaah 0 7, ; ye 2 * . : = se =. AM wsnigs a ; SALA NOTA * * a ‘ i on r 55 Shea j 1 PAULL 2s IST) Rita eT ee re wer oo. tk 7 . x . ¢ s i vv y ’ 7 ‘ they PA tray 5, Fs Bia i ‘ , . . 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As WUEL 9” Vs ’ ; Z is? ite in : ioth i PPEC A POINGD SHCTHIER ci lm eesye? 2 Ww INDEX (New genera, species, etc., are printed in italics. Page numbers of principal entries also in italics) abessinica, Camaroptera brevicaudata, | acuta, Euschéngastia diversa, 125, 149 398 ablutus, Acomys wilsoni, 538 abu-wudan, Ichneumia, 558 abyssinica, Mellivora, 554 Mellivora capensis, 554 abyssinicus, Strepsiceros, 573 Acalyptratae, 314 Acarina, 114 Acartophthalmus, 313, 314 Accipiter velox, 110 acerifolium, Viburnum, 298 Acheta, 244, 245 assimilis, 245 fulvastra, 245, 263 (fig.) peruviensis, 245 acholi, Mus tenellus, 530 Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii, 563 wagneri, 563 Acla, 254, 256, 257 multivenosa, 258 reticulata, 256, 263 (fig.) vicina, 257, 263 (fig.) Aclodes, 254, 257, 258 maculatum, 258 Acomatacarus paradoxa, 99 Acomys, 537, 545 (map) albigena, 534 cahirinus, 536 cahirinus cahirinus, 535 cahirinus cineraceus, 635, 537 cahirinus hunteri, 35, 537 cineraceus, 535 hunteri, 535 hystrella, 535, 538 intermedius, 536, 537 lowet, 536 percivali, 538 wilsoni ablutus, 538 wilsoni argillaceus, 538 wilsoni wilsoni, 538 witherbyi, 537 Acroceridae, 359, 361 Acrodactyla, 316 Acronicta lobeliae, 297 Acronotus lelwel, 577 acrostichoides, Polystichum, 14 Aculeata, 295 acuminata, Dixioria pela, 7, 9 (fig.), 11, 18 (map) 494611—59-——2 (map), 153 (graph), 172 (tables), adailensis, Herpestes, 557 addax, Antilope, 577 Addax nasomaculatus, 573, 577 addra, Antilope, 582 Adenota alurae, 575 kob leucotis, 575 kob notata, 575 kul, 575 nigroscapulata, 575 wuil, 575 adjunctus, Aphonomorphus, 269 (fig.), 287 adustus, Alseonax, 387, 397 Aedes aegypti, 158, 159, 174, 187 sp., 97, 104, 167 aegypti, Aedes, 158, 159, 174, 187 aegyptius, Lepua capensis, 474, 475 aeliani, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, 571 aequatoria, Ourebia montana, 578 Ourebia ourebi, 578 aequatorialis, Cephalophus, 574 Cephalophus caerulus, 574 Genetta, 556 Genetta tigrina, 556 aequatorius, Mus bellus, 528, 529, 530 aequinoctialis, Bubalus caffer, 573 Syncerus caffer, 573 aethiopica, Candacia, 332 aethiopicus, Erinaceus, 455 Lophiomys imhausi, 482 Orycteropus afer, 563 Paraechinus, 455 Phractomys, 482 aethiops, Cercopithecus, 470 Cercopithecus aethiops, 469 Simia, 469 aethomyia, Euschéngastia, 92 Aethomys, 515, 516 (table), 518 (map) kaiseri alghazal, 516 kaiseri helleri, 516, 517 namaquensis grahami, 92 afer, Ptilostomus, 378 africanus, Asinus, 569 Equus asinus, 569 agag, Gerbillus, 487 Gerbillus gerbillus, 487, 488, 489 Agkistrodon mokasen, 110, 112 agurensis, Mastomys natalensis, 520 589 590 akamushi, Trombicula, 87, 96, 107, 110, 112 Alabama argillacea, 317, 325 albescens, Ichneumia, 558 albicauda, Ichneumia albicauda, 558 albicaudus, Herpestes, 558 albifrons, Amblyospiza, 404 albigena, Acomys, 534 albigenus, Erythrocebus, 470 albipalpus, Hygronemobius, 249 Nemobius, 249 albipes, Praomys, 449 albonotata, Gazella, 582 elhonotatits Coliuspasser albonotatus, Gazella thompsonii, 682 Alcelaphus 581 (map) buselaphus lelwel, 577 buselaphus roosevelti, 577 buselaphus toro, 678 buselaphus tschadensis, 578 jacksoni, 578 niediecki, 577 tora, 577, 578 Alcephalus tora, 578 alfreddugési, Trombicula, 96, 97, 100, 104, 106, 110, 111, 112, 113, 153 (graph), 154 alfredi, Cyanomitra olivacea, 394 algazel, Antilope, 576 algazella, Antilope, 576 alghazal, Aethomys kaiseri, 516 Mus, 516 allardi, Anaxipha, 265 (fig.), 268 Aphonomorphus, 267 (fig.), 286, 287 Diatrypa, 261 (fig.), 265 (fig.), 279, 280, 281 Allorchestes, 345, 356 aquilina, 356 gracilis, 356 hawaiensis, 345, 351 ochotensis, 345 Alseonax adustus, 387, 397 minimus pumilus, 397 altae, Crocidura hildegardeae, 461 alurae, Adenota, 575 amazonicus, Formicarius colma, 436, 438 Amblyospiza albifrons, 404 Amblyrhetus, 277, 282 brevipes, 284 capitatus, 284 nodifer, 267 (fig.), 282 americana, Apios, 46 Euschoéngastia, 88, 89, 96, 114, 207, 208, 209, 210 Schéngastia, 88 americanus, Coccyzus, 110 Enicospilus, 296, 299, 300 Podoscirtus, 288 amoena, Carphophis amoena, 110 Amphiacusta, 254 amphibius, Hippopotamus, 571 Hippopotamus amphibius, 571 Amphicarpa bracteata, 40, 43, 58 Amphipoda, 345 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Amphithoe aquilina, 356 amplipennis, Prosthacusta, (fig.), 263 (fig.) Amusina, 253 Amusodes, 253 Anacusta, 253 analis, Formicarius, 431, 434 Formicarius analis, 434, 438 analoides, Formicaricola, 414 (fig.), 430, 431, 432 (fig.), 436, 487 (fig.), 438, 439 Anaplectes, red-winged, 402 rubiginosus, 402 rubriceps, 399 Anaxipha, 259 allardi, 265 (fig.), 268 annulipes, 268, 273 championi, 266 conspersa, 260, 263 (fig.), 266 gracilis, 268 infirmenotata, 263 (fig.), 264, 266 latefasciata, 270 maxima, 260, 263 (fig.), 266 nigerrima, 262 (fig.), 265 (fig.), 272 nigripennis, 265 (fig.), 271 nitida, 271, 273 peruviana, 259, 262, 263 (fig.) platyptera, 271 ruficeps, 260, 266 schunkei, 265 (fig.), 273 simulacrum, 274 smithi, 263 (fig.), 266 sorer, 263 (fig.), 264, 266 stolazmanni, 265 (fig.) Andropadus importunus, 382 importunus importunus, 379 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 450 (map) list of localities, 583 Mammals of, 447 angustifrons, Formicaphagus, 416, 417 (fig.), 422, 423, 425 (fig.), 427 (fig.), 429, 438 annulata, Euschongastia, 93 annulipes, Rhicnogryllus, 261 (fig.), 265 (fig.), 275 annulipes, Anaxipha, 268, 273 Antelope dammah, 576 Anthomyza, 313 Anthomyzidae, 305 Anthonomus vestitus, 317, 325 SO oe emini, 495, 496, 499, 5 264, 261 Anthreptes collaris, 386 Antilope addax, 577 addra, 582 algazel, 576 algazella, 576 brevicaudata, 579 chora, 573 dama orientalis, 582 decula, 572 dorceas isidis, 580 harnieri, 574 laevipes, 582 leptoceros, 580 INDEX antilope addax, leucotis, 575 montana, 579 nasomaculata, 577 ruficollis, 582 tao, 576 tendal, 573 Antilopinae, 578 antipodianum, Euschéngastia, 89 antiqua, Pialea, 361, 363, 365, 367 (fig.), 369 (fig.), 371 (fig.) antiquorum, Giraffa camelopardalis, 571 Anurogryllus, 244 muticus, 244 Apalis thoracicus thoracicus, 398 Apheloria, 4, 5, 17 kleinpeteri, 14 pela, 8 waccamana, 12 Aphemogryllus, 250 591 Arvicanthis, 506, 518 (map) dunni, 512 luctuosus, 510 macculus, 513 niloticus centralis, 508 niloticus jebelae, 508 niloticus kordofanensis, 508, 509 niloticus luctuosus, 510 niloticus testicularis, 509, 510 testicularis centralis, 508 testicularis kordofanensis, 509 Ascoschongastia, 88, 89, 114, 214 Asinus africanus, 569 asinus dianae, 569 Astomella, 360 Atelerix, 455, 466 (map) pruneri lowet, 453 pruneri oweni, 453, 454, 455 pruneri pruneri, 453, 454 Aphonomorphus, 242, 277, 284, 288, 289] Atherurinae, 547 adjunctus, 269 (fig.), 287 allardi, 267 (fig.), 286, 287 deceptor, 267 (fig.), 286 dissimilis, 267 (fig.), 285 elegans, 287 obscurus, 267 (fig.), 285 schunket, 267 (fig.), 269 (fig.), 286, 287 socius, 267 (fig.), 384 stipatus, 267 (fig.), 269 (fig.), 284 telskii, 267 (fig.), 284 Aphonus peruvianus, 288 telskii, 284 Apios americana, 46 Apocrita, 295 Apoloniinae, 87 aporiae, Brachycytrus, 324 aquatilis, Carex, 29 aquilina, Allorchestes, 356 Amphithoe, 356 Hyale, 356 aquilo, Steatomys, 540, 541, 542 aquilus, Lophuromys, 533, 534 arabicus, Fennecus, 552 Arachnida, 114 Arachnopsis, 254 Archiannelida, 441 arenarius, Cercopithecus, 470 Cercopithecus aethiops, 469 Lasiopyga pygerythra, 469 argentinus, Nemobius, 247, 248 argillacea, Alabama, 317, 325 argillaceus, Acomys wilsoni, 538 Argizala, 244, 247 brasiliensis, 247 hebardi, 247 subg., 247 Argyla malcomli, 381 aridula, Crocidura, 464, 465 aridulus, Grammomys, 503 Grammomys macmillani, 503 armata, Candacia, 331, 332, 336 artemisiae, Peromyscus maniculatus, 95, 162 Arthropoda, 114 Artiodactyla, 570 Atherus turneri, 547 atriventris, Rivellia, 22 assimilis, Acheta, 245 Gryllus, 245 Rattus, 90, 92 athi, Steatomys, 542 Aulacodus semipalmatus, 548 variegatus, 548 aureus, Canis, 549 auricularis, Pitymys pinetorum, 200 auripila, Pialea, 360 australis, Rivellia, 25, 32 australis, Brachycyrtus, 323, 326 Tridactylus, 292 Austroniscus ectiformis, 442 autumnalis, Microtrombidium, 87 Trombicula, 87, 96, 97, 99, 100 azrakensis, Bubalus, 573 bacchante, Oenomys hypoxanthus, 505 bairdii, Peromyscus maniculatus, 147 bakeri, Heterohyrax brucei, 564 Hippotragus, 576 Hippotragus equinus, 576 baltazarae, Brachycyrtus, 321 23, 827 Bandicota bengalensis, 90 barbarus, Lemniscomys, 512 Bareogonalos, 296, 303 canadensis, 303 barkeri, Phacochoerus, 570, 571 Tragelaphus scriptus, 572 basilaris, Rivellia, 28 Batara cinerea excurbitor, 411 batatas, Trombicula, 97 Bathyergidae, 548 Batis capensis, 397, 399, 400 beckeri, Stenopialea, 360, 361, 365 bellus, Mus, 529, 530, 531 bengalensis, Bandicota, 90 Nesokia, 90 bent, Formicaricola, 414 (fig.), 432 (fig.), 434, 435 (fig.), 436, 438, 439 Benoistiella, 252 benvenuta, Tatera, 491, 493, 494, 495 Tatera benvenuta, 491 (fig.), 592 Bethyloidea, 295 bicolor, Crocidura, 459 Gymnopithys leucaspis, 423, 438 Otacustes, 317 biflora, ss tiens, 14 Cae Cape iacty 125, 128, 149 (map), 220 bipars, Ortalis, 62 bipinnata, Candacia, 331 Bird lice of the order Ischnocera, stud- ies in Neotropical Mallophaga, XVI, 409 bispinosa, Candacia, 331 blainei, Mastomys natalensis, 519, 520, 521, 523 Mus, 521 Blarina brevicauda, 109, 110, 111, 112, 198, 194, 195 brevicauda brevicauda, 146, 193 sp., 174, 198, 195, 225 blarinae, Eusch6ngastia, 95, 109, 118, 114, 126, 156 (map), 190 (table), 205, 208, 216, 217, 218, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225 Neoschéngastia, 190 Trombicula, 190 Boaedon lineatus, 93 béhmi, Equus, 569 Equus burchellii, 569 bolivana, Orthogonialys,'296 bolivari, Myrmeciza laemosticta, 415, boliviana, Metioche, 262 (fig.), 265 (fig.), 274, 275 bolivianus, Formicaphagus, 421 (fig.), 5 (fig.), 426, 429, 438 ponpen i Heliosciurus gambianus, 478, 4 Sciurus, 478 bor, Tragelaphus, 572 Tragelaphus scriptus, 572 borealis, Lasiurus borealis, 110 borellii, Scapteriscus, 243 boscii, Rivellia, 21, 23, 27, 66, 69 Boselaphus gigas, 573 Boshellia, 89, 114 bottae, Gerbillus, 483 boucardi, Myrmeciza longipes, 418, 438 Bovidae, 572 Bovinae, 572 Bowman, Thomas E., see Fleminger and Bowman, 331 see Menzies and Bowman, 339 Brachoria, 4, 5, 17 Brachycyrtini, 316, 317 Brachycyrtomorpha, 323 crossi, 323, 324 Brachycyrtus, 315, 316, 317, 318, 323 (key) australis, 323, 326 baltazarae, 321 (fig.), 323, 327 chrysopae, 325, 326 convergens, 317, 320 crossi, 323, 324, 326 nawaii, 324, 326, 328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Brachycyrtus, oculatus, 317, 318 eee 321 (fig.), 323, 325, 326, pretiosus, 323, Sn 325, 326 taitensis, 324, 328 Brachycystus, 315 Brachycytrus aporiae, 324 brachydactylus, Erinaceus, 455 bracteata, Amphicarpa, 40, 43, 58 Bradornis microrhynchus, 401 brasiliensis, Argizala, 247 brauneri, Desmodilliscus, 500 brevicauda, Blarina, 109, 110,/111,7112, 193, 194, 195 Blarina brevicauda, 146, 193 brevicaudata, Antilope, 579 ay breviceps, Kobus defassa, 574 * brevifasciata, Rivellia, 22, 24, 25, 34 brevifrons, Formicaphagus, 42h, 425 (fig.), 427 (fig.), 429, 438 brevipalpis, Eusch6ngastia, 93 brevipennis, Gryllodes, 247 Miogryllus, 247 pee Amblyrhetus, 284 uschOngastia, 142, 144, 146, 160 Hyale, 346, 351, 352, 354, 356 NeoschGngastia, 95, 142 brighti, Gazella granti, 582 brimleii, Deltotaria, 3 brooks, Dixioria pela, 2, 7, 9 (fig.), 12, 18 (map) brucei, Fennecus, 552 brucii, Rhinoceros, 570 Cee Erythropygia leucophrys, 38 Erythropygia zambesiana, 386 Percnostola leucostigma, 420, 438 Bubalis lelwel, 578 lelwel roosevelti, 577 lelwel tschadensis, 578 niediecki, 578 Bubalus azrakensis, 573 caffer aequinoctialis, 573 solvayi, 573 Buccanodon olivaceum woodwardi, 395 bufo, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, 670 Phacochoerus africanus, 570 sp., 110, 112 burtoni, Gerbillus, 489 burtonii, Hyrax, 565 Procavia habessinica, 565 bushlandia, Eusch6ngastia, 89 butleri, Crocidura, 458, 459 Graphiurus, 543 Graphiurus murinus, 543 Jaculus jaculus, 646 Mus, 525 Praomys, 626 Procavia, 565 Procavia habessinica, 565 Taterillus, 497 Taterillus emini, 495, 497, 499 bweha, Canis adustus, 649 Thos adusta, 549 INDEX cabanisi, Ploceus intermedius, 399, 402 Caeciantropsis, 442 psammophila, 442, 448 (fig.), 444 (fig.) 445 (fig.) Caecijaera horvathi, 441 Caecum sp., 441 cafer, Cuxulus, 392 caffra, Cossypha, 385, 387 cahirinus, Acomys, 536 Acomys cahirinus, 535 cailliaudi, Cercopithecus, 469 Chloricebus, 469 cairnsensis, Euschéngastia, 89 Calamocichla refescens, 397 refescens foxi, 397 californica, Euschéngastia, 85, 95, 126, 156 (map), 179, 180, 215, 221 Neoschéngastia, 180 Schéngastia, 180 callithrix, Grammomys macmillani, 503 Pee brevicaudata abessinica, 39 camelopardalis, Giraffa, 671 Giraffa cameolopardalis, 571 camerani, Scapteriscus, 243 campestris, Gerbillus, 482 Camposella, 374 canadensis, Trigonalys, 303 Bareogonalos, 303 canaster, Heliosciurus gambinaus, 478 candace, Nasua, 94 Candacia (Copepoda: Calanoida), A new species of, from the western North Atlantic Ocean, 331 Candacia, 331 aethiopica, 332 armata, 331, 332, 336 bipinnata, 331 bispinosa, 331 curta, 331 longimana, 331, 334, 336 norvegica, 332 pachydactyla, 331 Dace a Tana, 832, 333 (fig.), 335 g.) simplex, 331 Canidae, 549 Caninae, 549 Canis adustus bweha, 549 anthus soudanicus, 550 aureus, 549 aureus nubianus, 550 aureus soudanicus, 560 doederleini, 550 famelicus, 551 familiaris variegatus, 550 hyaenomelas, 559 mesomelas elgonae, 550 pallidus, 551 riippelii, 551 thooides, 550 variegatus, 550 zerda, 552 canorus, Cuculus, 385, 388, 389 capensis, Batis, 397, 399, 400 Euschéngastia, 93 593 capensis, Fringillaria, 403 Motacilla, 387 Motacilla capensis, 400 Procavia, 565 capitalis, Ploceus melanocephalus, 401 capitatus, Amblyrhetus, 284 capitella, Pialea, 361, 363, 364 (fig.), 368, 369 (fig.), 571 (fig.), 373 Capra, 452 ibex nubiana, 583 nubiana, 583 redunca donaldsoni, 575 Caprinae, 583 caprius, Chalcites, 400 cardinalis, Richmondena, 110, 112 Carex aquatilis, 29 carinata, Monocentris, 239 Carnivora, 549 carolina, Terrapene, 110, 112 carolinensis, Euschéngastia, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 126, 156 (map), 196 (table), 200, 201, 202, 216, 220, 221, 222, 223, 227 carolinensis, Sciurus carolinensis, 109, 110, 111, 112, 147 carolinus, Centurus, 110 Carphophis amoena amoena, 110 Carriker, M. A., Jr; Studies in Neotropi- cal Mallophaga, XVI: Bird lice of the suborder Ischnocera, 409 carterae, Trombicula, 110, 111, 112 cataphracta, Sciaena, 239 caudatus, Lamprotornis, 378 Causus rhombeatus, 94 Ceanothus sp., 299 centralis, Arvicanthis niloticus, 508 Arvicanthis testicularis, 508 Epimys kaiseri, 517 Mus auricomis, 517 Centurus carolinus, 110 Cephalophinae, 574 Cephalophus, 581 (map) aequatorialis, 574 eaerulus aequatorialis, 574 caerulus musculoides, 674 monticola musculoides, 574 Ceratotherium simum cottoni, 570 Cercomacra nigricans nigricans, 420, 438 Cercopithecidae, 468 Cercopithecus, 476 (map) aethiops, 470 aethiops aethiops, 489 aethiops arenarius, 489 aethiops johnstoni, 469 aethiops marrensis, 470 arenarius, 470 (Chloricebus) cailliaudi, 469 mitis stuhlmanni, 470 poliolophus, 470 poliophaeus, 470 pyrrhonotus, 470, 471 stuhlmanni, 470 tantalus marrensis, 470 toldti, 469 Cerophorus (Gazella) nasomaculata, 577 594 Cervicapra redunca cottoni, 575 cervinipes, Melomys, 90, 92 chadensis, Euxerus erythropus, 480 Chalcomitra senegalensis gutturalis, 394 veroxii fischeri, 398 championi, Anaxipha, 266 yrtoxiphus, 266 Chalcites caprius, 400 cupreus, 393 flavigularis, 400 klaas, 396 sp., 395 Chelicerata, 114 Chiggers of the genus Euschéngastia (Acarina Trombiculidae) in North America, 85 chioensis, Euschéngastia, 156 (map) Chloricebus cailliaudi, 469 subg., 469 chocoana, Formicaricola, 435 (fig.), 436, 488 Chopard, Lucien; Some crickets from South America (Grylloidea and Tridactyloidea), 241 chora, Antilope, 573 Tragelaphus strepsiceros, 673 choragium, Clamator, 378 Chremon, 276 christyi, Mylomys, 506 Mylomys cunninghamei, 506 chrotorrhinus, Microtus, 148 chrysaeolus, Proechimys, 94 Chrysidoidea, 295 Chrysopa sp., 316, 317, 328 chrysopae, Brachycyrtus, 325, 326 Chrysopidae, 317 Chrysopoctonus, 316 chui, Felis pardus, 562 Panthera pardus, 562 cicindeloides, Phyllocyrtus, 274 cineraceus, Acomys, 535 Acomys chirinus, 635, 537 cinereoargenteus, Urocyon, 110 cinereus, Sorex cinereus, 193, 195 cinnamonea, Osmunda, 14 Cinnyris venustus falkensteini, 398 venustus fazoglensis, 398 circumcincta, Prosthacusta, 254, 255 Civetticutis civetta congica, 566 Clamator choragium, 378 glandarius, 378 jacobinus, 379 levaillantii, 382 Cleidopus, 238 gloria-maris, 238 neozelanicus, 238, 239 Clethrionomys gapperi, 146, 148, 203 gapperi gapperi, 147, 168, 171, 200 gapperi paludicola, 146, 203, 206 sp., 147, 203, 206, 223 clivosus, Taterillus, 497 Taterillus emini, 495, 497 Clusia, 313 Clusiidae, 305, 313 Clusiodes, 313 Clusiodidae, 305, 313, 314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 clypeatus, Formicaphagus, 420, 421 (fig.), 422, 423, 425 (fig.), 427 (fig.), 429, 438 Cobus vaughani, 575 Coccyzus americanus, 110 cockerelli, Echymipera, 90 cockingsi, Neoschéngastia, 91 cognata, Rivellia, 22, 26, 48 colet, Rivellia, 27, 70, 71 ColtueE eer albonotatus albonotatus, 40 collaris, Anthreptes, 386 Lanius collaris, 379 colma, Formicarius, 431 Come J CaeoTe 435 (fig.), 436, Colebus (ler matschiei dodingae, 471 polykomos dodingae, 471 Colpermia, 316 columbiae, Euschéngastia, 94 concolor, Lutra, 555 Condylura sp., 174 congica, Civettictis civetta, 556 congicus, Taterillus, 496 conjuncta, Rivellia, 25, 30 conspersa, Anaxipha, 260, 263 (fig.), 266 Cyrtoxipha, 260 convergens, Brachycyrtus, 317, 320 Habryllia, 318, 320, 322 convolutus, Gryllus, 246 Miogryllus, 246 Cophella, 253 Cophogryllus, 244 Cophus, 252 cophus, Paraphonus, 289 coquilletti, Rivellia, 22, 25, 28 cordiremus, Euschéngastia, 95, 149 (map), 160, 220, 223 coronata, Deltotaria, 3, 4, 12 Dixioria, 6, 11 Dixioria pela, 7, 9, (fig.), 12, 13, 14, 15, 18 (map) Corvus corax edithae, 378 corax hispanus, 378 Coamet else, 318, 320, 321 (fig.), 3 Cossypha caffra, 385, 387 caffra drakensbergi, 384, 385 caffra iolaema, 385 heuglini, 385 costalis, Poecilogonalos, 300, 302 (fig.) Trigonalys, 300 costaricensis, Formicaricola, 431, 433, 434, 435 (fig.), 436, 437 (fig.), 438, 439 cottoni, Ceratotherium simum, 670 Cervicapra redunea, 575 Ourebia ourebi, 578 Redunea bohor, 676 Rhinoceros simus, 570 coucha, Mastomys, 519 coxenii, Macropus, 92 Thyloale, 92 Cranistusg, 259 crassirostris, Malimbus malimbus, 395 125, INDEX 095 crateris, Euschéngastia, 126 156 (map), | Cryptinae, 315, 316, 317 202, 204, 218, 220, 222, 223, 225] Cryptomys, 542 Cratichneumon signatipes, 297 crawshayi, Lepus, 473 Lepus capensis, 473, 474, 477 Cremastini, 316 cremoriventer, Rattus cremoriventer, 90 criceticola, Euschéngastia, 95, 126, 156 (map), 177, 181, 215, 217, 221, 223 Cricetidae, 482 Cricetomys gambianus, 539 gambianus grahami, 4389 gambianus subsp., 539 Crickets from South America (Gryl- loidea and Tridactyloidea), 241 cristicaudia, Dasycercus, 89 Crocidura, 457, 461, 466 (map), 476 (map) aridula, 464, 465 bicolor, 459 bicolor cunninghamei, 458 bicolor elgonius, 459 bicolor planiceps, 459 bicolor tephragaster, 458 bicolor woosnami, 459 butleri, 458, 459 darfurea, 461, 462 doriana fuscosa, 459, 460 ferruginea, 458 fischeri, 458 flavescens, 93 fulvastra, 458 fusco-murina, 458 hedenborgiana, 460 hedenborgiana fuscosa, 459 hedenborgiana hedenborgiana, 460 hildegardeae, 461 hildegardeae altae, 461 hildegardeae hildegardeae, 461 hildegardeae phaios, 460 hindei marrensis, 464 lutrella, 464, 465 macrodon, 465 marita, 461 nilotica, 465 nyansae, 460, 462 nyansae darfurea, 461 nyansae nyansae, 463 nyansae sururae, 462, 463 nyansae toritensis, 462 pasha, 459, 461, 463 sericea, 464, 465 sericea lutrella, 464, 465 sericea marrensis, 464, 465 sericea sericea, 465 sururae, 462, 463 turba, 458 turba nilotica, 465, 467 turba tephra, 466 crocidurae, Euschéngastia, 93, 225 Crocuta crocuta fortis, 559 Crossarchus dybowskii, 557 crossi, Brachycyrtomorpha, 323, 324 Brachycyrtus, 323, 324, 326 Cryptidae, 315 See Oe a rhs ochraceocinereus, ochraceocinereus owen, 548 cubensis, Nemobius, 247 Pteronemobius, 247, 263 (fig.) cubla, Dryoscopus, 394 Cuckoos, Further data on African parasitic, 377 Cuculus cafer, 392 canorus, 385, 388, 389 canorus gularis, 383, 386 poliocephalus, 393 solitarius, 383 Culex sp., 97, 104 cunea, Hyphantria, 300 cunninghamei, Crocidura bicolor, 458 Mylomys cunninghamei, 506 Cuphopterus dohrni, 393 cupreus, Chalcites, 393 curta, Candacia, 331 curviseta, Sinella, 98, 105, 108, 159, 195 Cyanomitra olivacea alfredi, 394 olivacea ragazzii, 401 Cycloptiloides, 250 Cycloptilum, 250 Cylindrogryllus, 276 Cynailurus soemmeringii, 563 eo reomce tyrannina tyrannina, 420, 43 Cyrtidae, 359 Cyrtoxipha, 259 conspersa, 260 Maxima, 260 pernambucensis, 259 Cyrtoxiphus championi, 266 smithi, 266 stolzmanni, 266 dactylifera, Dixioria, 2, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16 (fig.), 18 Dacus succinatus, 69 dama, Gazella, 580 Damaliscus corrigum jonesi, 577 floweri, 577 korrigum tiang, 577 tiang, 577 tiang-riel, 577 dammah, Antelope, 576 Oryx, 576 darfurea, Crocidura, 461, 462 Crocidura nyansae, 461 dartevellei, Hyaloides, 351 darwinii, Phyllotis, 94 dasycerci, Kuschéngastia, 89 Dasycercus cristicauda, 89 Dasymys, 518 (map) incomtus helukus, 507 incomtus nigridus, 507 incomtus palustris, 506 incomtus savannus, 507 incomtus shawi, 507 orthos, 507 shawi, 507 Dasyprocta variegata, 94 596 dasyproctae, Euschéngastia, 94 dasyurus, Gerbillus, 482 debilis, Euschéngastia, 90 deceptor, Aphonomorphus, 267 (fig.), 286 decula, Antilope, 572 Tragelaphus scriptus, 672 delamensts, Mus bellus, 628 delicatus, Elephantulus rufescens, 457 deliensis, Trombicula, 99, 155 Deltotaria, 3, 6 brimleii, 3 coronata, 3, 4, 12 nigrimontis, 3 Dendrocolapidae, 409 Dendromurinae, 539 Dendromus, 452 lineatus, 540 mesomelas percivali, 539 mesomelas subsp , 589 pumilio lineatus, 540 denniae, Praomys, 525 dentifer, Dixioria, 4, 6, 8 derbianus, Taurotragus, 573 Derocentrus, 317 derricki, Euschéngastia, 90 Desmodilliseus, 452 brauneri, 500 destructus, Formicarius nigricapillus, 438 dianae, Asinus asinus, 569 Equus asinus, 669 Diatrypa, 242, 277, 279 allardi, 261 (fig.), 265 (fig.), 279, 80, 281 latipennis, 265 (fig.), 280 minuts, 281 pallidilabris, 265 (fig.), 279 schunkei, 265 (fig.), 281 Diceros bicornis somaliensis, 570 Didelphis opossum 94 virginiana, 110, 112 difformipes, Rhipipteryx, 269 (fig.), 290 diffusus, Passer griseus, 383 dimidianus, Ploceus melanocephalus, 402 dimidiatus, Erimaceus, 454 dinderus, Lepus capensis, 474 Dioptrornis fischeri, 386 Diplazoninae, 316 Dipodidae, 546 Dipodillus, subg., 452, 482, 483, 484 Dipodinae, 546 discolor, Grammomys macmillani, 503 dissimilis, Aphonomorphus, 267 (fig,), 285 diversa, Euschingastia, 168, 175, 123 Euschongastia diversa, 149 (map), 151 (graph), 153 (graph), 168, 169 (table), 170 (table), 172, 173, 218, 220, 221 Dixioria, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (key), 11, 14, 17 coronata, 6, 11 dactylifera, 2, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16 (fig.), 17 dentifer, 4, 6, 8 fowleri, 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Dixioria, pela, 5, 6, 9 (figs.), 14, 16, 17, 18,(map), 19 pela acuminata, 7, 9 (fig.), 11, 18 (map) pela brooksi, 2, 7, 9 (fig.), 12, 18 (map) pela coronata, 7, 9 (fig.), 12, 13, 14, 15, 18 (map) pela fowleri, 7, 9 (fig.), 12, 13, 18 (map), pela pela, 7, 8, 9 (fig), 15 pela wright, 7, 9 (fig.), 18, (map), 19 dodingae, Colobus matschiei, 471 Colobus polykomos, 471 Tragelaphus cottoni, 572 Tragelaphus scriptus, 672 doederleini, Canis, 550 doggetti, Hippotragus equinus, 576 dohrni, Cuphopterus, 393 Horizorhinus, 393, 394 Dologale dybowskii, 557 donaldsoni, Capra redunea, 575 dongolana, Viverra, 555 dongolanus, Hyrax, 565 Meriones, 489, 490 dorcas, Gazella, 580 drakensbergi, Cossypha caffra, 384, 385 Drosophila sp., 97, 305 Dryobates villosus, 110, 112 Dryoscopus cubla, 394 dubbah, Hyaena, 559 Hyaena hyaena, 659 dubia, Hyaena, 559 duboisi, Ploceus melanocephalus, 402 dundasi, a peatalas rufescens, 456, 45 18 dunni, Arvicanthis, 512 Lemniscomys, 512, 213 Lemniscomys dunni, 512 duperreyi, Megapodius, 90 Duslenia, 442 teissieri, 442 dybowskii, Crossarchus, 557 Dologale, 557 Dyscophogryllus, 253 ebneri, Procavia, 566 Procavia ruficeps, 666, 567 Echymipera cockerelli, 90 echymipera, Euschingastia, 90 Kctatoderus, 250 Ectecous, 254 ectiformis, Austroniscus, 442 Ectotrypas, 276 edithae, Corvus corax, 378 editus, Oenomys hypoxanthus, 505 edwardsi, Euschéngastia, 90 Eidmanacris, 254 EKidmaniella, 254 Elaphe obsoleta, 110 elegans, Aphonomorphus, 287 elegans, Phylliscyrtus, 274 Psammomys, 501 Psammomys obesus, 601 Elephantidae, 563 INDEX Elephantinae, 563 Elephantulus, 457 fuscipes, 456 myurus jamesoni, 93 rufescens, 457 rufescens delicatus, 457 rufescens dundasi, 456, 457 rufescens hoogstraali, 466 rufescens mariakanae, 457 rufescens phaeus, 457 Elephas oxyotis, 563 elgonae, Canis mesomelas, 550 Thos mesomelas, 550, 551 elgonius, Crocidura bicolor, 459 Crore aes Lamprocolius chloropterus, 3 Emberiza flaviventris, 403 emesi, Mus musculoides, 530 emini, Gerbillus, 498 Taterillus, 495, 496 Taterillus emini, 498 enclavae, Mus bellus, 529 Endacusta maculata, 258 Endecous, 254 Eneoptera, 276, 277 guyanensis, 278 surinamensis, 277 Eneopteridae, 276 (key) Eneopterinae, 276 Eneopteroides, 276, 278 jlavifrons, 265 (fig.), 278 Enicospilus americanus, 296, 299, 300 Epimys alleni kaimosae, 526 concha ismailiae, 521 kaiseri centralis, 517 Eptesicus fuscus fuscus, 95, 110, 189 equadorensis, Pialea, 360, 361, 363, 367 (fig.), 368, 369 (fig.), 370, 371 (fig.), 372, 374 Equidae, 569 Equinae, 569 Equus asinus africanus, 569 asinus dianae, 569 b6hmi, 569 burchellii b6hmi, 569 somalicus, 569 Eremias lineo-oscellata pulchella, 93 Erichsonella pseudoculata Boone, Emended description and assign- ment to the new genus Ronalea, 339 Erichsonella, 340 pseudoculata, 339, 340 Erinaceidae, 453 Erinaceus aethiopicus, 455 brachydactylus, 455 dimidiatus, 454 heterodactylus, 454 pruneri, 454 (Atelerix) pruneri oweni, 454 senaariensis, 455 erythraea, Ictonyx, 553 erythreae, Ictonyx, 553 Ictonyx striatus, 653, 554 Erythrocebus albigenus, 470 patas pyrrhonotus, 470 597 Erythropygia leucophrys brunneiceps, 386 leucophrys leucophrys, 386 zambesiana brunneiceps, 386 erythropygus, Grammomys macmillani, 501 essexi, Tropidosaura, 93 Estrellina, 259 ethicus, Herpestes leucos, 557 Euaphonus, 277, 288 peruvianus, 269 (fig.), 288 Eugryllina, 253 Euplectes hordeacea sylvatica, 403 nigroventris, 402 orix, 381, 399, 402 europaeus, Lepus, 477 Euschéngastia, 85, 88, 89, 98, 100, 103, 104, 107, 108, 109, 114, 125 (Key), 182, 212, 214, 215,, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222; 223, 224, 226 aethomyia, 92 americana, 88, 89, 96, 115, 207, 208, 209, 210 annulata, 93 antipodianum, 89 bigenuala, 125, 128, 149 (map), 220 blarinae, 95, 109, 113, 114, 126, 156 (map), 190 (table), 205, 208, 216, 217, 218, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225 blarinae group, 190, 194, 198, 204, 206, 209, 217, 218, 227 brevipalpis, 93 brevipes, 142, 144, 146, 160 bushlandi, 89 cairnsensis, 89 gateri, 89 californica, 85, 95, 126, 156 (map), 179, 180, 215, 221 capensis, 93 carolinensis, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 126, 156 (map), 196 (table), 200, 201, 202, 216, 220, 221, 222, 223, 227 columbiae, 94 cordiremus, 95, 125, 149 (map), 160, 220, 223 crateris, 126, 156 (map), 202, 204, 218, 220, 222, 223, 225 criceticola, 95, 126, 156 (map), 177, 181, 215, 217, 221, 223 crocidurae, 93, 225 dasycerci, 89 dasyproctae, 94 debilis, 90 derricki, 90 diversa, 168, 175, 223 diversa acuta, 125, 149 (map), 153 (graph), 172 (tables), 220 diversa diversa, 149 (map), 151 (graph), 153 (graph), 168, 169 (table), 170 (table), 172, 173, 218, 220, 221 echymipera, 90 edwardsi, 90 598 EuschGngastia, foliata, 90 gerrhosauri, 93 globulare, 90 guntheri, 95, 125, 156 (map), 176, 216, 220 guyanensis, 94, 215 hamiltoni, 95, 126, 156 (map), 188, 217, 220; 223 heaslipi, 90 hirsti, 90 hirsuta, 94 indica, 89, 90, 97, 100, 215, 224 innisfailensis, 91 kalaharica, 93 kohlsi, 91 lacerta, 95, 125, 127, 128, 129, 149 (map), 218, 220, 223 lacerta group, 126, 213, 215, 226 lacunosa, 91 lanius, 91 lawrencei, 90 lorius, 91 luteodema, 95, 126, 156 (map), 182, 186, 187,214, 221,°223 luteodema group, 182, 186, 215, 216 magna, 125, 149 (map), 153 (graph), 167, 175, 216, 220, 223 marmotae, 126, 156 (map), 182, 184, 185 (table), 214, 220, 221, 223 matoppoanus, 93 mecullochi, 91 melomys, 91 miricoxa, 96, 133, 136, 137, 149 (map) mutabilis, 91 nasuae, 94 nufiezi, 94, 100, 125, 129, 214, 215, 217, 218, 221, 223, 226 ohioensis, 126, 156 (map), 199 (table), 216, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 227 ophicola, 93 oregonensis, 85, 95, 118 (fig.), 119 (fig.), 120 (fig.), 125, 137, 140, 141, 149 (map) 214, 220 origensis, 93 otomyia, 93 perameles, 91 peromysci, 95, 105, 106, 109, 111, 113, 114, 125, 142, 144 (table), 149 (map), 151 (graph), 153 (graph), 161, 162, 166, 168, 206, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225 petrogale, 91 phascogale, 92 philippensis, 92 phylloti, 94 pipistrelli, 96, 125, 133, 149 (map), Bee 214, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, queenslandica, 92 rhodesiensis, 93 rubra, 109, 111, 118, 114, 125, 149 (map), 153 (graph), 163 (table), 167, 168, 169,170; 171; 172; 175, 207, 217, 220, 221, 223, 225 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Euschéngastia, rubra group, 162, 169, 171 174, 176, 215, 216, 221, 225, 227 samboni, 96, 125, 139, 149 (map), 214, 220 sciuricola, 96, 115, 126, 157 (map), oun 210, 211, 212, 218, 221, 223, setosa, 85, 96, 109, 111, 113, 114, 126, 157, (map), 195, 199, 204, 208, 209, 210, 211, 216, 218, 220, 223 shieldsi, 92 signator, 142, 144, 145, 146, 160 similis, 92 smithi, 92 transvaalensis, 93 trichosuri, 92 trigenuala, 125, 131, 149 (map), 214, 218, 221, 226 tropidosauri, 93 trouessarti, 88, 89, 94 uromys, 92 viperina, 94 westraliense, 92 womersleyi, 92 xerothermobia, 94 Bea (map), 210, 213, 221, 223, 4 subg., 114 Euscyrtus, 277 Eusymmerus, 339, 340 Euxerus, 491 (map) erythropus chadensis, 480 erythropus leucoumbrinus, 48/, 482 erythropus limitaneus, 481 erythropus microdon, 481 ewingi, Neoschéngastia, 218 excurbitor, Batara cinerea, 411 Exenterini, 316 exulans, Rattus, 224 Faleicula, 259 falkensteini, Cinnyris venustus, 398 famelicus, Canis, 551 Farrell, Charles; Chiggers of the genus Euschéngastia (Acarina: Trom- biculidae) in North America, 85 farrelli, Trombicula, 110, 111, 112, 113 fasciger, Parhyale, 345, 346, 356 fascigera, Parhyale, 345, 368, 347 (fig.), 349 (fig.), 350, 351, 352, 354, 356 fazoglensis, Cinnyris venustus, 389 Felidae, 560 Felinae, 560 Felis, 560, 568 (map) caracal nubicus, 560 leo, 562 leo nubicus, 562 libyca, 560, 561 libyea libyea, 560 libyca lowei, 560, 561 libyca lynesi, 560, 561 libyca ugandae, 561 maniculata, 560 megabalica, 563 ocreata, 561 INDEX Felis, pardus chui, 562 ruppelii, 560 serval phillipsi, 567 femoratus, Rhipipteryx, 269 (fig.), 291 Fennecus arabicus, 552 brucei, 552 zerda, 552 ferruginea, Crocidura, 458 ferrugineus, Laniarius, 392 ficedulinus, Zosterops, 394 fischeri, Chalcomitra veroxii, 398 Crocidura, 458 Dioptrornis, 386 flavescens, Crocidura, 93 flavifrons, Eneopteroides, 265 (fig.), 278 flavifrons, Vireo, 110 flavigularis, Chalcites, 400 Gerrhosaurus flavigulaeis, 93 flavimana, Rivellia, 22, 26, 40, 56, 59 flavipes, Tatera, 492, 494, 495 flaviventer, Marmota, 211 flaviventris, Emberiza, 403 Fleminger, Abraham, and Bowman, Thomas E.; A new species of Candacia (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the western North Atlantic Ocean, 331 Flies, Acalyptrate, of uncertain family relationship, 305 Flies, Acrocerid, of the genus Pialea Erichson with a discussion of their sexual dimorphism (Dip- tera) 359 Flies of the genus Rivellia (Otitidae: Diptera), a revision of, 21 floridana, Neotoma, 104 Rivellia, 22, 25, 27 floweri, Damaliscus, 577 foliata, Euschéngastia, 90 Fontaria pela, 4, 6, 8 Formicaphagus, 410, 411, 429 (table), 430, 431 angustifrons, 416, 417 (fig.); 422, 423, 425 (fig.), 427 (fig.), 429, 438 bolivianus, 421 (fig.), 425 (fig.), 426, 429, 438 brevifrons, 424, 425 (fig.), 427 (fig.), 429, 438 clypeatus, 420, 421 (fig.), 422, 423, 425 (fig.), 427 (fig.), 429, 438 grallariae, 419 (fig.), 425 (fig.), 426, 427 (fig.), 429, 430, 438 huilae, 418, 421 (fig.), 429, 438 laemostictus, 415, 417 (fig.), 429, 488 ta Tone. 420, 421 (fig.), 425 (fig.), 429, 438 magnus, 415, 417 (fig.), 429, 430, 438 minutus, 419 (fig.), 422, 423, 429, 438 peruvianus, 417 (fig.), 422, 423, 429, 438 picturatus, 411, 413, 414 (fig.), 415, 421, (fig.), 423, 429, 438 pittasomae, 425 (fig.), "429, 430, 438 599 Formicaphaqus, splendidus, 419 (fig.), 425 (fig.), 428, 429, 430, 438 thoracicus, 419 (fig.), 428, 429, 438 Formicaricola, 410, 430, 431, 436 (table) analoides, 414 (fig.), 430, 4381, 432 (fig.) 436, 437 (hg), 438, 439 bent, 414 (fig.), 432 (fig.), 434, 435 (fig.), 436, 438, 439 chocoana, 435 (fig.), 436, 438 colmae, 435 (fig.), 436, 438 costaricensis, 431, 433, 434, 435 (fig.), 486, 487 (fig.), 438, 439 mexicana, 431, 432 (fig.), 433, 434, 435 (fig.), 486, 437 (fig.), 438 sanctae-martae, 432 (fig.), 434, 435 (fig.), 436, 437 (fig.), 438 Formicariidae, 409, 410, 411 Formicarius, 410, 411 analis, 481, 484 analis analis, 434, 438 analis moniliger, 481, 483, 488 analis panamensis, 433 analis saturatus, 430, 431, 433, 438 analis umbrosus, 431, 433, 438 analis virescens, 434, 4388 colma, 431 colma amazonicus, 436, 488 nigricapillus, 431 nigricapillus destructus, 438 fortis, Crocuta crocuta, 559 fowleri, Dixioria pela, 7, 9 (fig.), 12, 13, 18 (map), 19 fowleri, Dixioria, 6 foxi, Calamocichla refescens, 397 frater, Herpsilochmus rufomarginatus. 423, 438 frenata, Ictonyx, 554 fresnayana, Myrmotherula axillaris, 426, 438 Friedmann, Herbert; Further data on African parasitic cuckoos, 377 Fringillaria capensis, 403 fulvastra, Acheta, 245, 263 (fig.) fulvastra, Crocidura, 458 fumatus, Praomys fumatus, 526 fumeus, Sorex fumeus, 146, 193 Furnaricola, 409, 410, 430 Furnariidae, 409 fuscipes, Elephantulus, 456 Macroscelides, 456 fuscirostris, Mus, 524 Praomys albipes, 624 fusco-murina, Crocidura, 458 fuscosa, Crocidura doriana, 459, 460 Crocidura hedenborgiana, 459 fuscus, Eptesicus fuscus, 95, 110, 189 Galago, 449 senegalensis, 467 senegalensis senegalensis, 467 sennariensis, 467 gambianus, Cricetomys, 539 Heliosciurus, 479 subsp., 539 600 gapperi, Clethrionomys, 146, 148, 203 Clethrionomys gapperi, 147, 168, 171, 200 garamantis, Gerbillus, 482 Gasterosteus japonicus, 238 gateri, Euschéngastia cairnsensis, 89 Gazella, 679, 580, 581 (map) albonotata, 582 dama, 580 dama ruficollis, 582 doreas, 580 dorcas isabella, 580 doreas littoralis, 580 dorcas orsiris, 580 granti, 580 granti brighti, 582 isabella, 580 leptoceros, 580 leptoceros leptoceros, 581 littoralis, 580 littoralis osiris, 580 rufifrons, 580 rufifrons laevipes, 582 salmi, 582 soemmerringii, 580 soemmerringii sibyllae, 582 thompsonii, 580 thompsonii albonotatus, 582 subg. 577, 579, 580 (key) gazellae, Grammomys macmillani, 502, 508 Steatomys, 541, 542 Tamiscus emini, 477 Thamnomys macmillani, 503 genetta, Genetta, 555 Genetta aequatorialis, 556 genetta, 555. genetta senegalensis, 555, 556 tigrina, 555, 556 tigrina aequatorialis, 656 Gerbillinae, 482 gerbillus, Gerbillus gerbillus, 488 Gerbillus, 482, 491 (map), 504 (map) agag, 487 bottai, 483 burtoni, 489 campestris, 482 dasyurus, 482 emini, 498 garamantis, 482 gerbillus agag, 487, 488, 489 gerbillus gerbillus, 488 gerbillus sudanensis, 487, 488 kadugliensis, 497 lorenzi, 499 lowei, 482, 483, 484 mackilligini, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486 muriculus, 482, 483, 485 nancillus, 489 principulus, 482, 483, 485 pyramidum, 487, 489, 490 pyramidum pyramidum, 489 rosalinda, 490 rufa, 499 simoni, 482 stigmonyx, 482, 483, 484, 485, 487 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Gerbillus, stigmonyx luteolus, 486 stigmonyx stigmonyx, 486 watersi, 482, 483, 486 gerrhosauri, Euschéngastia, 93 Gerrhosaurus flavigularis flavigularis, 93 gigas, Boselaphus, 573 Taurotragus derbianus, 573 giloensis, Otomys orestes, 542 Giraffa camelopardalis, 571 camelopardalis antiquorum, 571 camelopardalis camelopardalis, 571 Giraffidae, 571 glandarius, Clamator, 378 Glaucomys volans volans, 110, 112 Gliridae, 542 globulare, Euschéngastia, 90 gloria-maris, Cleidopus, 238 glutinosus, Plethodon, 110, 112 gondokorae, Mus bellus, 629 gordoni, Jaculus, 546, 547 Jaculus jaculus, 646 gossypinus, Peromyscus gossypinus, 96, gothneh, Herpestes, 557 Mungos mungo, 557 gracile, Trigonidium, 268 gracilis, Allorchestes, 356 Anaxipha, 268 Hyale, 356 grahami, Aethomys namaquensis, 92 Cricetomys gambianus, 639 Grallaria, 411 perspicillata intermedia, 426, 438 grallariae, Formicaphagus, 419 (fig.), 425 (fig.), 426, 427 (fig.), 429, 430, 438 Grammomys, 504 (map) aridulus, 503 macmillani, 502, 503 macmillani aridulus, 503 macmillani callithrix, 503 macmillani discolor, 503 macmillani erythropygus, 501 macmillani gazellae, 502, 503 macmillani insignis, 503 macmillani littoralis, 503 macmillani polionops, 503 surdaster, 502, 503 granti, Gazella, 580 Terpsiphone viridis, 395 Graphiurinae, 542 Graphiurus, 545 (map) butleri, 543 murinus, 544 murinus butleri, 543 murinus marrensis, 542 murinus sudanensis, 543, 644 orobinus, 543, 644 gregorianus, Thryonomys, 548 subsp., Thryonomys, 547 greyi, Rattus, 89 griseotinctus, Kobus defassa, 574 Gryllidae, 243 (key) Gryllita, 244 Gryllodes, 244 brevipennis, 247 INDEX Grylloidea, 241, 242 (key) Gryllosoma, 253 Gryllotalpa, 242 hexadactyla, 243 oxydacty la, 243 Gryllotalpella, 242 Gryllotalpidae, 242 (key) Gryllus assimilis, 245 convolutus, 246 muticus, 244 peruviensis, 245 surinamensis, 277 verticalis, 246 Guereza matschei dodingae, 471 subg., 471 gularis, Cuculus canorus, 383, 386 guntheri, Euschéngastia, 95, 125, 156 (map), 176, 216, 220 Neoschéngastia, 90, 176 gutturalis, Chalcomitra senegalensis, 394 guyanensis, Eneoptera, 278 Euschoéngastia, 94, 215 gyas, Taterillus, 498 Taterillus emini, 495, 498 Gymnopithys leucaspis bicolor, 423, 438 habessinica, Procavia, 565, 566 Habryllia, 317, 318 (key) convergens, 318, 320, 322 cosmeta, 318, 320, 321 (fig.), 322 meusebeckt, 318, 319, 321 (fig.) oculatus, 318, 319, 320, 321 (fig.) hamiltoni, Eusch6ngastia, 95, 126, 156 (map), 188, 217, 220, 223 Hannemania, 109 hylae, 97 sp., 109, 112 Hapithoides, 277 Hapithus, 277 harnieri, Antilope, 574 Kobus, defassa, 674 harrisoni, Thryonomys, 547, 548 Thryonomys harrisoni, 647 hawaiensis, Allorchester, 345, 351 Hyale, 346, 350, 351, 356 Parhyale, 346, 351, 352, 353 (fig.), 355 (fig.), 356, 357 hawkeri, Lepus, 475 Lepus capensis, 474, 475 heaslipi, Euschéngastia, 90 hebardi, Argizala, 247 Nemobius, 247 Hebardinella, 259 hedenborgiana, Crocidura, 460 Crocidura hedenborgiana, 460 Sorex, 460 hedenborgii, Phatages, 471 Heliosciurus, 491 (map) gambianus, 479 gambianus bongensis, 478, 479 gambianus canaster, 478 gambianus hoogstraali, 479, 480 gambianus lateris, 478, 479 gambianus madogae, 479, 480 gambianus omensis, 479 multicolor lateris, 479 601 Heliosciurus, 491 (map) multicolor madogae, 480 helleri, Aethomys kaiseri, 516, 617 Rattus, 517 helukus, Dasymys incomtus, 507 Hemicophus, 254 Hemiechinus pallidus, 455 Hemigryllus, 244, 247 ortoni, 247 hemimelaena, Myrmeciza hemimelaena, 416, 488 Hemiteles, 315 Hemitelini, 315 Hemitrombiculinae, 87 herbarum, Rivellia, 21, 23 Herina metallica, 38 quadrifasciata, 23, 70, 71 rufitarsis, 62 Herpestes, 557 adailensis, 557 albicaudus, 558 gothneh, 557 leucos ethicus, 557 leucurus, 558 nigripes, 557 sanguineus, 556 sanguineus sanguineus, 446 zebra, 557 Herpestinae, 556 Herpsilochmus rufomarginatus frater, 423, 438 Heterecous, 277 heterodactylus, Erinaceus, 454 Heterogryllus, 254 Heterohyrax brucei bakeri, 564 brucei hoogstraali, 564 brucei kempi, 564 brucei thomasi, 564 heuglini, Cossypha, 385 Papio, 468, 469 Papio doguera, 468 hexadactyla, Gryllotalpa, 243 Neochrtilla, 243 hiemalis, Nannus, 110 hienomelas, Hyaena, 559 hildegardeae, Crocidura, 461 Crocidura hildegardeae, 461 Hippopotamidae, 571 Hippopotamus amphibius, 571 amphibius amphibius, 671 Hippotraginae, 574 Hippotragus bakeri, 576 equinus bakeri, 576 equinus doggetti, 576 hirsti, Eusch6ngastia, 90 hirsuta, Eusch6ngastia, 94 Neoschéngastia, 89 hispanus, Corvus corax, 378 Hoffman, Richard L.; Revision of the milliped genus Dizioria (Poly- desmida: Xystodesmidae), 1 hollensis, Lycogaster pullatus, 299 hoogstraali, Elephantulus rufescens, 456 Heterohyrax brucei, 564 Heliosciurus gambianus, 479, 480 Horizorhinus dohrni, 393, 394 602 horvathi, Caecijaera, 441 hudsonius, Zapus hudsonius, 174 huilae, Formicaphagus, 418, 421 (fig.), 429, 438 humeralis, Nycticeius, 110 humulis, Reithrodontomys, 110 hunteri, Acomys, 535 Acomys cahirinus, 635, 537 Hyaena, 559 dubbah, 559 dubia, 559 hienomelas, 559 Hyaena hyaena dubbah, 559 Hyaenidae, 558 Hyaeninae, 559 hyaenomelas, Canis, 559 Hyale, 345, 350, 356 aquilina, 356 brevipes, 346, 351, 352, 354, 356 gracilis, 356 hawaiensis, 346, 350, 351, 356 inyacka, 351, 356 twasai, 356 nilssoni, 356 pontica, 356 prevostii, 356 stolzmanni, 357 trifoliadens, 351 Hyaloides, 346 dartevellei, 351 Hydracoidea, 564 Hygronemobius, 244, 249 albipalpus, 249 longespinosus, 249, 261 (fig.) hay lae, Hannemania, 97 ylomyscus, 515 Hymenoptera, 295 Hyphantria cunea, 300 Hyrax burtonii, 565 dongolanus, 565 ruficeps, 567 hystrella, Acomys, 635, 538 Hystricidae, 547 Hystricomorpha, 547 Ichneumia abu-wudan, 558 albescens, 558 albicauda albicauda, 658 Ichneumonidae, 299 Ichnocera, 410, 411 Ichnotropis squamulosa, 93 Ictonyx, 568 (map) erythraea, 553 erythreae, 553 frenata, 554 striatus erythreae, 653, 554 striatus intermedius, 553, 554 striatus sudanicus, 653 imatongensis, Mus triton, 531 imhausi, Lophiomys, 482 tmitabilis, Rivellia, 26, 43 immaculata, Myrmeciza 411, 413, 438 immaculatus, Uroblaniulus, 14 immutabilis, Primia mistacea, 398 immaculata, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Impatiens biflora, 14 importunus, Andropadus, 382 Andropadus importunus, 379 inaequata, Rivellia, 27, 62 indica, Euschéngastia, 89, 90, 97, 100, 215, 224 dis 7a, Anaxipha, 263 (fig.), 264, 66 infumata, Latheticomyia, 305, 307, 311 (fig.), 312 innisfailensis, Euschéngastia, 91 Insectivora, 453 insignis, Grammomys macmillani, 503 Napeozapus, 206 Napeozapus insignis, 174 interiag yrmiciberuls schisticolor, 422, 438 intermedia, Grallaria perspicillata, 426, 438 intermedius, Acomys, 536, 537 Ictonyx striatus, 553, 554 Ploceus intermedius, 398 interrupta, Urophora, 23 inyacka, Hyale, 351, 356 Parhyale, 356 iolaema, Cossypha caffra, 385 isabella, Gazella, 580 Gazella doreas, 580 isabellinus, Lepus, 475 Lepus capensis, 474, 475 isidis, Antilope doreas, 580 ismailiae, Epimys concha, 521 Mastomys natalensis, 520, 521 Isomys testicularis, 510 twasai, Hyale, 356 jacksoni, Alcelaphus, 577 Praomys tullbergi, 527 jacobinus, Clamator, 379 Jaculus, 542, 545 (map) gordoni, 546, 547 jaculus butleri, 546 jaculus gordoni, 646 jamesoni, Elephantulus myurus, 93 Trombicula, 225 japonica, Sciaena, 239 japonicus, Gasterosteus, 238 Monocentris, 237, 238, 239 jardinei, Pialea, 360 Turdoides, 396, 401 jebelae, Arvicanthis niloticus, 508 jezoensis, Nippogonalos, 303 johnstoni, Cercopithecus aethiops, 469 jonesi, Damaliscus corrigum, 577 kadugliensis, Gerbillus, 497 kaimosae, Epimys alleni, 526 Praomys stella, 526 kakumegae, Lepus, 477 kalaharica, Euschéngastia, 93 keeni, Myotis, 135 kempi, Heterohyrax brucei, 564 klaas, Chalcites, 396 kleinpeteri, Apheloria, 14 INDEX Kobus defassa breviceps, 574 defassa griseotinetus, 574 defassa harnieri, 674 defassa ladoensis, 574 kohlsi, Eusch6ngastia, 91 komareki, Sigmodon hispidus, 110, 112 kordofanensis, Arvicanthis niloticus, 509, 509 Arvicanthis testicularis, 509 kordofanicus, Orycteropus afer, 563 kul, Adenota, 575 kulmet, Mastomys, 517, 523 kurilensis, Parhyale, 345 Labium, 316, 317 lacerta, Euschéngastia, 95, 125, 127, 128, 129, 149 (map), 218, 220, 223 lacunosa, Euschéngastia, 91 ladoensis, Kobus defassa, 574 laemostictus, Formicaphagus, 415, 417 (fig.), 429, 438 laevipes, Antilope, 582 azella rufifrons, 582 Lagomorpha, 472 lamingtoni, Uromys, 92 Lamprocolius chloropterus 386 sp., 386 Lamprotornis caudatus, 378 Laniarius ferrugineus, 392 Lanius collaris collaris, 379 Euschéngastia, 91 nasutus, 91 Laranda, 254 larkeni, Poélagus marjorita, 472, 473 larkenii, Limnotragus speckii, 573 Tragelaphus spekii, 573 Larvaevoridae, 297 Lasiopyga pygerythra arenarius, 469 Lasiurus borealis borealis, 110 latefasciata, Anaxipha, 270 lateris, Heliosciurus gambianus, 79 elisabeth, 478, Heliosciurus multicolor, 479 Latheticomyia, a new genus of Acalyp- trate flies of uncertain family relationship, 305 Latheticomyia, 305, 306, 313, 314 infumata, 305, 307, 311 (fig.), 312 lineata, 305, 307, 310, 311 (fig.) tricolor, 305, 306, 307, 309 (fig.), 310, 311 (fig.) latifrons, Formicaphagus, 420, 421 (fig.), 425 (fig.), 429, 438 latipennis Diatrypa, 265 (fig.), 280 Laurepa, 277 Lauxaniidae, 313 lawrencei, Euschéngastia, 90 layardi, Pycnonotus tricolor, 379, 382 Leeuwenhoekiinae, 87 Leggada tenella, 531 leibii, Myotis leibii, 189 lelwel, Acronotus, 577 Alcelaphus buselaphus, 577 Bubalis, 578 603 Lemniscomys, 518 (map) barbarus, 512 barbarus zebra, 411, 513 dunni, 512, 513 dunni dunni, 512 dunni nubalis, 612 lynesi, 512, 513 macculus macculus, 413, 515 striatus, 513, 514, 515 striatus massaicus, 614 subg., 514 leo, Felis, 562 Panthera leo, 462 Leporidae, 472 leptoceros, Antilope, 581 Gazella, 580 Gazella leptoceros, 581 Lepus, 476 (map), 491 (map) capensis aegyptius, 474, 475 capensis crawshayi, 473, 474, 477 capensis dinderus, 474 capensis hawkeri, 474, 475 capensis isabellinus, 474, 475 crawshayi, 473 europaeus, 477 hawkeri, 475 isabellinus, 475 kakumegae, 477 microtis, 477 victoriae, 477 victoriae microtis, 477 Lerneca, 252 Lernecella, 252 leucophaea, Parinia, 393, 394 peirops, 393, 394 Pees Erythropygia leucophrys, 0 leucoptera, Pyriglena, 424, 438 leucopus, Peromyscus, 95, 106, 109, 110, 111, 112, 146, 150, 153 (graph), 154, 166, 193, 195, 198, 203, 206, 224, 225 leucotis, Adenota kob, 576 Antilope, 575 leucoumbrinus, Euxerus 481, 482 Sciurus, 481 leucurus, Herpestes, 558 levaillantii, Clamator, 382 libyca, Felis, 560, 561 Felis libyca, 560 Ligypterus, 276 limitaneus, Euxerus erythropus, 481 Limnoria, 441 Limnotragus, subg., 572 speckii larkenii, 573 lineata, Latheticomyia, 305, 307, 310, 311 (fig.) lineatus, Boaedon, 93 Dendromus, 540 Dendromus pumilio, 540 Liquidambar, 298 Liriodendron sp., 310 littoralis, Gazella, 580 Gazella dorcas, 580 Grammomys macmillani, 503 Melomys, 91 erythropus, 604 lobeliae, Acronicta, 297 lobelidae, Zenilla, 297 lonata, Pialea, 360, 361, 362, 363, 365, 3866, 367 (fig.), 369 (fig.), 370, 371 (fig.), 373, 374 ian tee ne Hygronemobius, 249, 261 g. longicaudis, Mesostenus, 317 longimana, Candacia, 331, 334, 336 longipennis, Nemobius, 248 Pteronemobius, 248 longirostris, Sorex longirostris, 193 Lophiomyinae, 482 Lophiomys, 449, 491 (map) imhausi, 482 imhausi aethiopicus, 482 Lophuromys aquilus, 533, 534 aquilus margarettae, 533 pyrrhus, 533 sikapusi, 533, 534 sikapusi pyrrhus, 633 loquax, ‘'amias hudsonicus, 147 lorenzi, Gerbillus, 499 Lorisidae, 467 lorius, Euschéngastia, 91 roratus subsp., 91 lotor, Procyon, 110, 112 Loxodonta, 452 Loxodonta africana oxyotis, 563 Loxodonta, subg., 563 lowei, Acomys, 636 Atelerix pruneri, 453 lowei, Felis libyca, 560, 561 Gerbillus, 482, 483, 484 lucifugus, Myotis, 135, 189 Myotis lucifugus, 135, 136 luctuosus, Arvicanthis, 510 Arvicanthis niloticus, 510 ludovicianus, Thryothorus, 110, 112 luteodema, Euschéngastia, 95, 126, 156 (map), 182, 186, 187, 214, 221, 223 luteolus, Gerbillus stigmonyx, 486 lutescens, Mylomys cunninghamei, 506 Pialea, 360, 361, 362, 363, 366, 367 (fig.), 368 Lutra concolor, 555 maculicollis nilotica, 565 lutrella, Crocidura, 464, 465 Crocidura sericea, 464, 465 lutreolus, Rattus, 90, 92 Lutrinae, 655 Luzara, 253, 255 rufipennis, 255 Luzarida, 253, 256 pulla, 256 lybesi, Felis libyca, 560, 561 Lycaon pictus somalicus, 652 riippelli, 552 takanus, 552 Lycogaster, 296, 298 nevadensis, 300 pullata, 296, 298 (key) pullata nevadensis, 298, 299, 300 pullata pullata, 298, 299 pullatus, 299 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Lycogaster, pullatus hollensis, 299 subg., lydekkeri, Papio, 468 lynesi, Lemniscomys, 512, 613 Lynx, 560 lysteri, Tamias striatus, 147 Mabuya 5-taeniata margaritifer, 93 macculus, Arvicanthis, 513 Lemniscomys macculus, 618, 515 Machaerilaemus, 409 mackilligini, Gerbillus, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486 macmillani, Grammomys, 502, 503 Thos mesomelas, 550, 551 Macroanaxipha, 259 macrodon, Crocidura, 465 macrolepis, Mastomys natalensis, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524 Mus, 522 Macrophya, 298 macropus, Meriones, 493 Tatera, 493 coxenii, 92 Macroscelides fuscipes, 456 Macroscelididae, 456 maculata, Endacusta, 258 maculatum, Aclodes, 258 maculosa, Rivellia, 25, 35, 52, 53 madogae, Heliosciurus gambianus, 479, 80 madogae, Heliosciurus multicolor, 480 Madoqua guentheri smithii, 579 magister, Neotoma, 147, 168, 171 magna, Kuschoéngastia, 125, 149 (map), nat (graph), 167, 175, 216, 220, 223 magnus, Formicaphagus, 415, 417 (fig.), 429, 430, 438 malayensis, Neosch6ngastia, 88 malcomli, Argyla, 381 Malimbus malimbus crassirostris, 395 Mallophaga, Studies in Neotropical, XVI: Bird lice of the suborder Ischnocera, 409 Mallophaga, 409, 411, 430 mallurus, Sylvilagus floridanus, 110, 111, 112, 166, 206 maniculata, Felis, 560 maniculatus, Peromyscus, 146, 203 Manidae, 471 Manis temminckii, 471 margarettae, Lophuromys aquilus, 533 margaritifer, Mabuya 5-taeniata, 93 mariakanae, Elephantulus refescens, 457 marita, Crocidura, 461 marjorita, Péelagus marjorita, 473 Marmota flaviventer, 211 flaviventer nosophora, 95, 211 monax monax, 186, 1 sp., 184, 186, 187, 188, 223 marmotae, Eusch6ngastia, 126, 156 (map), 182, 184, 185 (table), 214, 220, 221, 223 marrensis, Graphiurus murinus, 642 Mastomys natalensis, 520, 522 109, INDEX marrensis, Cercopithecus aethiops, 470 Cercopithecus tantalus, 470 Crocidura hindei, 464 Crocidura sericea, 464, 465 Procavia ruficeps, 566, 567 massaicus, Lemniscomys striatus, 514 Mus barbarus, 514 Mastomys, 452, 515, 516 (table), 518 (map), 528, 524, 532 (map) coucha, 519 kulmet, 617, 523 natalensis, 519, 522, 523 natalensis agurensis, 520 natalensis blainei, 519, 520, 521, 523 natalensis ismailiae, 520, 621 natalensis macrolepis, 519, 520, 521, $22, 523, 524 natalensis marrensis, 520, 622 natalensis ugandae, 519, 522, 523, 524 matoppoanus, Euschéngastia, 93 maxima, Anaxipha, 260, 263 (fig.), 266 Cyrtoxipha, 260 mecullochi, Kuschongastia, 91 megabalica, Felis, 563 Megalamusus, 253 Megalogryllus, 243 244 molinai, 244 Megapodius duperreyi, 90 sp., 89 melanocephalus, Ploceus, 401 melanorhyncha, Prinia mistacea, 398 melanurus, Passer melanurus, 387 melliginis, Rivellia, 22, 26, 69, 61, 62 melliginis, Tephritis, 59 Mellivora abyssinica, 554 capensis abyssinica, 664 Mellivorinae, 554 melomys, Euschéngastia, 91 Melomys cervinipes, 90, 92 littoralis, 91 Menoponidae, 430 Menzies, Robert J., and Bowman, Thomas E.; Emended descrip- tion and assignment of the idotheid isopod Erichsonella pseudoculata Boone, 339 Menzies, Robert J., and Pettit, Jean; A new genus and species of marine asellote isopod, Cae- cianiropsis psammophila, from California, 441 Meriones, 500 crassus pallidus, 500 dongolanus, 489, 490 libycus pallidus, 500 macropus, 493 robustus, 493 shawi, 93 stigmonyx, 486 mesomelas subsp., Dendromus, 539 Mesostenus, 317 longicaudis, 317 metallica, Herina, 38 Rivellia, 22, 25, 38, 56, 57 494611—59-—3 605 metcalfi, Plethodon jordoni, 14 Metioche, 242, 259, 274 Dolmnans, 262 (fig.), 265 (fig.), 274, 275 peruviana, 265 (fig.), 276 mexicana, Formicaricola, 431, 432 (fig.), 433, 434, 4385 (fig.), 436, 437 (fig.), 438 micans, Rivallia, 22, 26, 64, 56 michiganensis, Rivellia, 26, 58 Microcharon, 442 microdon, Euxerus erythropus, 481 Microgryllus, 250 microrhynchus, Bradornis, 401 microtis, Lepus, 477 Lepus victoriae, 477 Microtrombidium, 87 autumnalis, 87 purpureum, 87 Microtus chrotorrhinus, 148 ochrogaster, 171 ochrogaster ohionensis, 171 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus, 110, 112, 146, 171, 174 migratorius, Turdus, 110, 112 Milliped genus Dizioria (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae), revision of, 1 mindanensis, Rattus mindanensis, 91, 92, 224 minor, Philohela, 110 Trombicula, 87 minuta, Diatrypa, 281 minutus, Formicaphagus, 419 (fig.), 422, 423, 429, 438 Miogryllodes, 253, 255 sp., Miogryllus, 244, 246 brevipennis, 247 convolutus, 246 verticalis, 246 miricoxa, Euschoéngastia, 96, 133, 136, 137, 149 (map) moerens, Oenomys hypoxanthus, 505 Mogoplistidae, 250 (key) mokasen, Agkistrodon, 110, 112 molinai, Megalogryllus, 224 monax, Marmota monax, 186, 187 One Formicarius analis, 431, 433, 43 Monocentridae, 237, 238 Monocentris, 238, 239 (table) carinata, 239 japonicus, 237, 238, 239 reedt, 238, 239 montana, Antilope, 579 Ourebia ourebi, 679 Motacilla capensis, 387 capensis capensis, 400 capensis wellsi, 387 muesebecki, Habryllia, 318, 319, 321 (fig.) Multicola, 430 multivenosa, Acla, 258 multivittata, Poecilicitis libyca, 554 Rhabdogale, 554 munda, Rivellia, 26, 40 606 Mungos mungo gothneh, 567 mungo zebra, 557 muria, Trombicula, 90 muriculus, Gerbillus, 482, 483, 485 Muridae, 501 Murinae, 501 murinus, Graphiurus, 544 Mus, 532 (map) alghazal, 516 auricomis centralis, 517 barbarus massaicus, 514 bellus, 529, 530, 531 bellus aequatorius, 528, 529, 530 bellus delamensis, 528 bellus enclavae, 529 bellus gondokorae, 529 blainei, 521 butleri, 525 fuscirostris, 524 macrolepis, 522 musculoides emesi, 530 musculus, 110, 224 tenellus, 531 tenellus acholi, 530 tenellus tenellus, 531 triton, 530, 532 triton imatongensis, 531 ugandae, 524 zebra, 511 Musca syngenisae, 23 musculoides, Cephalophus caerulus, 574 Cephalophus monticola, 574 musculus, Mus, 110, 224 Mustela vison, 110 Mustelidae, 553 Mustelinae, 553 mutabilis, Euschéngastia, 91 muticus, Anurogryllus, 244 Gryllus, 244 Myersia, 317 Mylomys, 506 christyi, 506 cunninghamei christyi, 506 cunninghamei cunninghamei, 506 cunninghamei lutescens, 506 Myomys, 515 Myonax, 557 Myotis keenii, 135 keenii septentrionalis, 135 lucifugus, 135, 189 lucifugus lucifugus, 135, 136 sodalis, 135 subulatus leibii, 189 sp., 135, 123 Myoxus orobinus, 544 Myrmeciza hemimelaena hemimelaena, 416, 438 dameculete immaculata, 411, 413, 4 laemosticta bolivari, 415, 438 laemosticta palliata, 415, 438 longipes boucardi, 418, 438 Myrmotherula, 410 axillaris fresnayana, 426, 438 schisticolor interior, 422, 438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 108 Namba, Ryoji; A revision of the flies of the genus Rivellia (Otitidae: Diptera) of America north of México, 21 nancillus, Gerbillus, 489 Nanger, subg., 580, 582 Nannus hiemalis, 110 Napeozapus insignis, 206 insignis insignis, 174 sp., 223 nasomaculata, Antilope, 577 Cerophorus, 577 nasomaculatus, Addax, 573, 677 Nasua candace, 94 nasuae, Euschdngastia, 94 nasutus, Lanius, 91 natalensis, Mastomys, 519, 522, 523 nawaii, Brachycyrtus, 324, 326, 328 Proterocryptus, 323, 328 Nemobiopsis, 250 Nemobius, 247 albipalgus, 249 argentinus, 247, 248 cubensis, 247 hebardi, 247 longipennis, 248 ortonii, 247 Neocurtilla, 242, 243 hexadactyla, 243 Neoschéngastia, 88, 114, 214 blarinae, 190 brevipes, 95, 142 californica, 180 cockingsi, 91 ewingi, 218 guntheri, 90, 176 hirsuta, 89 malayensis, 88 nufiezi, 129 peromysci, 142 rattus, 91 samboni, 139 sciuricola, 207 signator, 95, 142 yeomansi, 88 Neotoma floridana, 104 magister, 147, 168, 171 sp., 181, 182 Neoxabea, 258 neozelanicus, Cleidopus, 238, 239 Nesokia bengalensis, 90 Nessa, 277 nevadensis, Lycogaster, 300 Lycogaster pullata, 298, 299, 300 Trigonalys, 300 niediecki, Alcelaphus, 577 Bubalis, 578 nigerrima, Anaxipha, 262 (fig.), 265 (fig.), 272 nigerrimus, Ploceus, 401 nigrieaye Cercomacra nigricans, 420, 43 nigricapillus, Formicarius, 431 nigriceps, Ploceus, 399, 402 nigridus, Dasymys incomtus, 507 INDEX nigrimontis, Deltotaria, 3 nigripennis, Anaxipha, 265 (fig.), 271 nigripes, Herpestes, 557 nigromaculatus, Poeciloecryptus, 316 nigroscapulata, Adenota, 575 nigroventris, Euplectes, 402 nilotica, Crocidura, 465 Crocidura turba, 465, 467 Lutra maculicollis, 565 nilssoni, Hyale, 356 Nippogonales, 303 jezoensis, 303 Niquirina, 253 nitida, Anaxipha, 271, 273 Noctuidae, 297 nodifer, Amblyrhetus, 267 (fig.), 282 norvegica, Candacia, 332 nosophora, Marmota flaviventer, 95, 211 notata, Adenota kob, 575 noveboracensis, Peromyscus leucopus, 95, 146, 203, 206 nubalis, Lemniscomys dunni, 512 nubiana, Capra, 583 Capra ibex, 583 nubianus, Canis aureus, 550 nubicus, Felis caracal, 560 Felis leo, 562 nubiterrae, Peromyscus 147 nufiezi, Eusch6ngastia, 94, 100, 125, 129, 214, 215, 217, 218, 221, 223, 226 Neoschoéngastia, 129 nuttalli, Peromyscus, 166 Peromyscus nuttalli, 109, 110, 111 nyansae, Crocidura, 460, 462 Crocidura nyansae, 463 Nycticeius humeralis, 110 maniculatus, obesus, Psammomys, 501 obscurus, Aphonomorphus, 267 (fig.), 285 obscurus, Pipistrellus subflavus, 135 obsoleta, Elaphe, 110 occidentalis, Sceloporus occidentalis, 95, 128 occulta, Rivellia, 25, 37 ochotensis, Allorchestes, 345 Parhyale, 346 Ochotona sp., 95, 96, 177 ochraceocinereus, Cryptomys ochraceo- cinereus, 549 ochrogaster, Microtus, 171 Ocnaea, 361 ocreata, Felis, 561 ocularis, Ploceus ocularis, 402 oculatus, Brachycyrtus, 317, 318 Habryllia, 318, 319, 320, (fig.) Odontogryllus, 244 Odontophorus, 430 Oecanthidae, 258 (key) Oecanthus, 258 peruvianus, 258 321 607 Oenomys hypoxanthus bacchante, 505 hypoxanthus editus, 505 hypoxanthus moerens, 505 hypoxanthus oris, 505 hypoxanthus talangae, 505 hypoxanthus unyori, 505 hypoxanthus vallicola, 505 ohioensis, Kusch6ngastia, 126, 156 (map), 199 (table), 216, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 227 ohionensis, Microtus ochrogaster, 171 Tamias striatus, 147 omensis, Heliosciurus gambianus, 479 Ondatra zibethica, 109, 110, 111, 112 Onychiurus sp., 104, 105, 108, 158, 187 ophicola, EuschG6ngastia, 93 Ophioninae, 316 opossum, Didelphis, 94 Philander, 94 ordinatus, Thamnophis ordinatus, 110 oregonensis, Eusch6ngastia, 85, 95, 118 (fig.), 119 (fig.), 120 (fig.), 125, 137, 140, 141, 149 (map), 214, 220 Trombicula, 137 orientale, Parisoma plumbeum, 397 orientalis, Antelope dama, 582 origensis, EuschGngastia, 93 oris, Oenomys hypoxanthus, 505 orix, Euplectes, 381, 399, 402 ornatus, Brachycyrtus, 321 (fig.), 323, 825, 326, 328 Ornebius, 250 orobinus, Graphiurus, 543, 644 Myoxus, 544 Orocharis, 277 Ortalis bipars, 62 otroeda, 62 quadrifasciata, 62 Orthogonalos, 296 Orthogonalys, 296 bolivana, 296 pulchella, 297, 301 orthos, Dasymys, 507 ortoni, Hemigryllus, 247 ortonii, Nemobius, 247 Orycteropodidae, 563 Orycteropus, 452, 563 afer aethiopicus, 563 afer kordofanicus, 563 oryx, Taurotragus, 573 Oryx dammah, 576 osiris, Gazella dorcas, 480 Gazella littoralis, 580 Osmunda cinnamonea, 14 Otacustes, 316, 317 bicolor, 317 Otitidae, 313 Otolicnus teng, 467 otomyia, Euschéngastia, 93 Otomyinae, 542 Otomys orestes giloensis, 642 tugelensis pretoriae, 93 otroeda, Ortalis, 62 608 Ourebia, 579 montana aequatoria, 578 ourebi aequatoria, 578 ourebi cottoni, 578 ourebi montana, 679 ourebi ugandae, 578, 579 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Parhyale, hawaiensis, 346, 351, 352, 353 (fig.), 355 (fig.), 356, 357 inyacka, 356 kurilensis, 345 ochotensis, 346 zibellina, 346 oweni, Cryptomys ochraceocinereus, 548 | Parinia leucophaea, 393, 394 Poélagus majorita, 472 Praomys fumatus, 625 oweni, Atelerix pruneri, 453, 454, 455 Erinaceus (Atelerix) pruneri, 454 oxydactyla, Gryllotalpa, 243 oxydactylus, Scapteriscus, 242 oxydonta, Elephas, 563 oxyotis, Loxoconta africana, 563 pachydactyla, Candacia, 331 paenelongimana, Candacia, (fig.), 335 (fig.) palliata, Siete laemosticta, 415, 4 pallida, Rivellia, 22, 26, 40, 42, 44 Vulpes pallida, 651, 552 pallidicornis, Taxonus, 297 pallidilabris, Diatrypa, 265 (fig.), 279 pallidior, Proteles cristatus, 668 pallidus, Canis, 551 Hemiechinus, 455 Meriones ecrassus, 500 Meriones libycus, 500 Palpigera, 253 paludicola, Clethrionomys gapperi, 146, 203, 206 palustris, Dasymys incomtus, 506 palustris, Sylvilagus palustris, 110, 112 panamensis, Formicarius analis, 433 Panopinae, 361 Panthera, 562 leo leo, 662 pardus chui, 562 pepilaes Saccocirrus, 442 apio doguera heuglini, 468 doguera tessellatus, 469 heuglini, 468, 469 lydekkeri, 468 werneri, 468 Paracophella, 253 Paracophus, 254 poe Acomatacarus, 99 araechinus, 455 aethiopicus, 456 Paragryllus, 254, 256 temulentus, 256 Parallorchestes, 345, 346 Parametrypa, 277 Paraphonus, 277, 288 cophus, 289 vicinus, 269 (fig.), 288 Paraschéngastia, 88 Parhyale, Observations on the Amphi- pod genus, 345 Parhyale, 345, 346, 354, 356 fasciger, 345, 346, 356 fascigera, 345, 346, 347 (fig.), 349 (fig.), 350, 351, 352, 354, 356 fascigera penicillata, 350 332, 333 Parisoma plumbeum orientale, 397 Paroecanthus, 277 pasha, Crocidura, 459, 461, 463 Passer griseus diffusus, 383 iagoensis rufocinctus, 398 melanurus melanurus, 387 Passeriformes, 409 Pediculoides sp., 104 pela, Apheloria, 8 Dixioria, 5, 6, 9 (figs.), 14, 16, 17, 18, (map), 19 Dixioria pela, 7, 8, 9 (fig.), 15 Fontaria, 4, 6, penicillata, Parhale fascigera, 350 pennsylvanicus, Microtus pennsyl- vanicus, 110, 112, 146, 171, 174 Ptyoiulus, 12 pensylvanica, Vespula, 304 Pentacentridae, 250 (key) perameles, Euschéngastia, 91 percivali, Acomys, 638 Dendromus mesomelas, 539 Percnostola leucostigma brunneiceps, 420, 438 Pergidae, 295 Perissodactyla, 569 perluteus, Taterillus, 498 Taterillus emini, 495, 497, 498 pernambucensis, Cyrtoxipha, 259 peromysci, Euschéngastia, 95, 105, 106, 109, 111, 113, 114, 125, 142, 144 (table), 149 (map), 151 (graph), 153 (graph), 161, 162, 166, 168, 206, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225 Neoschongastia, 142 Schéngastia, 142 Trombicula, 142 Peromyscus gossypinus gossypinus, 96, ? leucopus, 95, 106, 109, 110, 111, 112, 146, 150, 153 (graph), 154, aot 193, 195, 198, 203, 206, 224, leucopus noveboracensis, 95, 146, 203, 206 maniculatus, 146, 203 maniculatus artemisiae, 95, 162 maniculatus bairdii, 147 maniculatus nubiterrae, 147 nuttalli, 166 nuttalli nuttalli, 109, 110, 111 Praomys tullbergi, 527 sp., 147, 174, 179, 195, 203, 204, 223 perspicillata, Terpsiphone, 397 perspillata, Terpsiphone viridis, 379 peruviana, Metioche, 265 (fig.), 275 Per ae Anaxipha, 259, 262, 263 g. INDEX 609 peruvianus, Formicaphagus, 417 (fig.), | Pipistrellus subflavus, 135 422, 423, 429, 438 peruvianus, Aphonus, 288 Euaphonus, 269 (fig.), 288 Oecanthus, 258 peruviensis, Gryllus, 245 Acheta, 245 petrogale, Euschoéngastia, 91 etronia superciliaris, 379, 401 Pettit, Jean, see Menzies and Pettit, 441 Phacochoerus aethiopicus aeliani, 571 aethiopicus bufo, 570 africanus bufo, 570 barkeri, 570, 571 phaeus, Elephantulus rufescens, 457 phaios, Crocidura hildegardeae, 460 Phalangopsidae, 252 (key) Phalangopsis, 254 phascogale, Euschéngastia, 92 sp., Phasianidae, 430 Phatages hedenborgii, 471 Philader opossum, 94 philippensis, Euschéngastia, 92 phillipsi, Felis serval, 561 Philohela minor, 110 Pholidota, 471 Phosphila turbulenta, 301 Phractomys aethiopicus, 482 Phylliscyrtus elegans, 274 Phyllogryllus, 276 Phyllopalpus, 259 Phylloscyrtus, 259, 274 cicindeloides, 274 Phyllospadix sp., 339, 342 phylloti, Euschéngastia, 94 Phyllotis darwinii, 94 Pialea, 359, 360, 361, 362 (key), 365, 373 antiqua, 361, 363, 365, 367 (fig.), 369 (fig.), 371 (fig.) auripila, 360 capitella, 361, 363, 364 (fig.), 368, 369 (fig.), 371 (fig.), 373 equadorensis, 360, 361, 363, 367 (fig.), 368, 369 (fig.), 370, 371 (fig.), 372, 374 jardinei, 360 lomata, 360, 361, 362, 363, 365, 366, 367 (fig.), 369 (fig.), 370 371 (fig.), 373, 374 lutescens, 360, 361, 362, 363, 3665, 367 (fig.), 368 Pialeoidea, 361 picturatus, Formicaphagus, 411, 413, 414 (fig.), 415, 421 (fig.), 423, 429, 438 Pimplinae, 316 Pinecone fish, Monocentris reedi, from Chile, a new family record for the eastern Pacific, 237 pinetorum, Pitymys pinetorum, 110, 111, 147, 198, 199 pipistrelli, Euschéngastia, 96, 125, 133, 149 (map), 190, 214, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223 109, subflavus obscurus, 135 subflavus subflavus, 96, 135 Pittasoma, 410 michleri zeledoni, 428, 4388 rufipileatum rosenbergi, 429, 438 pittasomae, Formicaphagus, 425 (fig.), 429, 430, 438 Pitymys pinetorum auricularis, 200 pinetorum pinetorum, 109, 110, 111, 147, 198, 199 pinetorum scalopsoides, 147, 200 sp., 148, 200, 201 planiceps, Crocidura bicolor, 459 platyptera, Anaxipha, 271 Platysaurus guttatus rhodesiensis, 93 Plethodon glutinosus, 110, 112 jordani metcalfi, 14 yonahlossee, 12, 15 Ploceidae, 400 Ploceus intermedius cabanisi, 399, 402 intermedius intermedius, 398 melanocephalus, 401 melanocephalus capitalis, 401 melanocephalus dimidianus, 402 melanocephalus duboisi, 402 nigerrimus, 401 nigriceps, 399, 402 ocularis ocularis, 402 spilonotis spilonotis, 402 subaureus subaureus, 402 xanthopterus, 402 Podoscirtinae, 242, 276 Podoscirtodes, 277, 288 Podoscirtus americanus, 288 Poecilicitis libyca multivittata, 564 Poecilocryptus, 316, 317 nigromaculatus, 316 Poecilogonalos, 296, 300 costalis, 300, 302 (fig.) Poélagus, 452, 476 (map) marjorita larkeni, 472, 473 marjorita marjorita, 473 marjorita oweni, 472 poliocephalus, Cuculus, 393 poliolophus, Cercopithecus, 470 polionops, Grammomys macmillani, 503 poliophaeus, Cercopithecus, 470 polyphemus, Telea, 299, 300 Polystichum acrostichoides, 14 >| Ponea, 276 pontica, Hyale, 356 Praomys, 515, 516 (table), 532 (map) albipes, 449 albipes fuscirostris, 524 butleri, 625 denniae, 525 fumatus fumatus, 526 fumatus owent, 525 fumatus subfuscus, 526 stella, 526 stella kaimosae, 626 tullbergi, 526 tullbergi jacksoni, 527 tullbergi peromyscus, 527 tullbergi sudanensts, 627 610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 pretiosus, Brachycyrtus, 323, 324, 325,; pyramidum, Gerbillus, 487, 489, 490 326 pretoriae, Otomys tugelensis, 93 prevostii, Hyale, 356 principulus, Gerbillus, 482, 483, 485 Prinia mistacea immutabilis, 398 mistacea melanorhyncha, 398 Proboscidea, 563 Procavia, 565, 568 (map) butleri, 565 capensis, 565 ebneri, 566 habessinica, 565, 566 habessinica burtonii, 666 habessinica butleri, 666 habessinica slatini, 666 ruficeps, 565, 566, 567 ruficeps ebneri, 566, 567 ruficeps marrensis, 566, 667 ruficeps ruficeps, 566, 667 ruficeps slatini, 566 slatini, 566 subg., 566 Procaviidae, 564 Procyon lotor, 110, 112 Proechimys chrysaeolus, 94 Prosthacusta, 252, 254 Cr Ene 264, 261 (fig.), 263 g. circumcincta, 254, 255 Prosthama, 253 Prostigmata, 114 Proteles cristatus pallidior, 658 Protelinae, 558 Proterocryptini, 316 Proterocryptus, 315, 316, 323 nawaii, 323, 328 pruneri, Atelerix pruneri, 453, 4654 Erinaceus, 454 Psammomys, 452 elegans, 501 obesus, 501 obesus elegans, 601 psammophila, Caecianiropsis, 442, 443 (fig.), 444 (fig.), 445 (fig.) Pseudischnus, 32 pseudoculata, Erichsonella, 339, 340 Ronalea, 340, 341 (fig.) Pteronemobius, 244, 247 cubensis, 247, 263 (fig.) longipennis, 248 schunket, 248, 263 (fig.) Ptilostomus afer, 378 Ptyoiulus pennsylvanicus, 12 pulchella, Eremias lineo-ocellata, 93 Orthogonalys, 297, 301 Tapinogonalos, 297 pulchellus, Trigonalys, 296, 297 pulla, Luzarida, 256 pullata, Lycogaster, 296, 298 (key) Lycogaster pullata, 298, 299 pullatus, Lycogaster, 299 pumilus, Alseonax minimus, 397 urpureum, Microtrombidium, 87 yenonotus barbatus schoanus, 394 tricolor layardi, 379, 383 Gerbillus pyramidum, 489 Pyriglena leucoptera, 424, 438 pyrrhonotus, Cercopithecus, 470, 471 Erythrocebus patas, 470 pyrrhus, Lophuromys, 533 Lophuromys sikapusi, 633 quadrifasciata, Herina, 23, 70, 71 Ortalis, 62 Rivellia, 27, 70, 73 Quarequa zernyi, 252 queenslandica, Euschéngastia, 92 ragazzii, Cyanomitra olivacea, 401 Rallicola, 409, 410, 413, 430 rattus, Neoschéngastia, 91 Rattus, 515 Rattus, 515, 516 (table), 525 assimilis, 90, 92 cremoriventer exulans, 224 greyi, 89 helleri, 517 lutreolus, 90, 92 ens mindanensis, 91, 92, cremoriventer, 90 rattus, 515 sabanus vociferans, 91 youngi, 92 Redunca bohor cottoni, 675 reedi, Monocentris, 238, 239 refescens, Calamocichla, 397 Rehniella, 253 Reithrodontomys humulis, 110 reticulata, Acla, 256, 263 (fig.) Rhabdogale multivittata, 554 Rhicnogryllus, 242, 259, 275, 276 annulipes, 261 (fig.), 265 (fig.), 276 Rhinoceros bicornis somaliensis, 570 bruceii, 570 simus cottoni, 570 Rhinocerotidae, 570 Rhipipterygidae, 290 Rhipipteryx, 290 difformipes, 269 (fig.), 290 femoratus, 269 (fig.), 291 schunkei, 269 (fig.), 291 vicinus, 269 (fig.), 290 rhodesiensis, Euschéngastia, 93 Platysaurus guttatus, 93 rhombeatus, Causus, 94 Rhynchotragus, 449 guentheri smithii, 679 Rhyncothorax sp., 441 richardsoni, Sciurus hudsonicus, 96, 209 TT: hudsonicus, 96, 209, 21 Richmondena cardinalis, 110, 112 Rivellia, 21, 23, 25 (key) atriventris, 22 australis, 25, 32 basilaris, 28 boscii, 21, 23, 27, 66, 69 brevifasciata, 22, 24, 25, 34 cognata, 22, 26, 48 INDEX Rivellia, colet, 27, 70, 71 conjuncta, 25, 30 coquilletti, 22, 25, 28 flavimana, 22, 26, 40, 66, 59 floridana, 22, 25, 27 herbarum, 21, 23 imitabilis, 26, 43 tnaequata, 27, 62 maculosa, 25, 36, 52, 53 melliginis, 22, 26, 69, 61, 62 metallica, 22, 25, 38, 56, 57 micans, 22, 26, 64, 56 michiganensis, 26, 58 munda, 26, 40 occulta, 25, 37 pallida, 22, 26, 40, 42, 44 quadrifasciata, 27, 70, 73 severini, 22, 26, 66 socialis, 27, 68 steyskali, 27, 64, 68 succinata, 27, 69 tersa, 25, 31 texana, 26, 52, 54 vaga, 26, 35, 60, 53, 54 vanderwulpi, 30 variabilis, 22, 25, 46 viridulans, 21, 23, 26, 60, 61, 71 winifredae, 22, 26, 44, 46 wulpiana, 30 robusta, Tatera robusta, 493, 494 robustus, Meriones, 493 Rodentia, 477 Ronalea, 339, 340 pseudoculata, 340, 341 (fig.) roosevelti, Alcelaphus buselaphus, 577 Bubalis lelwel, 577 Sylvicapra grimmia, 574 roratus subsp., Lorius, 91 rosalinda, Gerbillus, 490 poeeubere Pittasoma rufipileatum, 429, 4 rubiginosus, Anaplectes, 402 rubra, Euschéngastia, 109, 111, 113, 114, 125, 149 (map), 153 (graph), 163, (table), 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 207, 217, 220, 221, 223, 225 rubriceps, Anaplectes, 399 rufa, Gerbillus, 499 rufescens, Elephantulus, 457 ruficeps, Anaxipha, 260, 266 Trigonidomimus, 261 ruficeps, Hyrax, 567 Procavia, 565, 566, 567 Procavia ruficeps, 566, 667 ruficollis, Antilope, 582 Gazella dama, 682 rufifrons, Gazella, 580 rufipennis, Luzara, 255 rufitarsis, Herina, 62 rufocinctus, Passer iagoensis, 398 rufus, Taterillus emini, 496, 499 rugosum, Rygchium, 296, 300 riippelii, Canis, 551 Felis, 560 611 riippelli, Lycaon, 552 riuppellii, Vulpes riippellii, 651 Rygchium rugosum, 296, 300 Saccocirrus papillocerus, 442 salmi, Gazella, 582 samboni, Euschéngastia, 96, 125, 139, 149 (map), 214, 220 Neoschéngastia, 139 sanctae-martae, Formicaricola, 432 (fig.), 434, 435 (fig.), 436, 437 (fig.), 438 sanguineus, Herpestes, 556 Herpestes sanguineus, 556 saturatus, Formicarius analis, 430, 431, 433, 438 Synaptomys cooperi, 171, 200 savannus, Dasymys incomtus, 507 penlopecides, Pitymys pinetorum, 147, Scalopus sp., 133 Scapteriscus, 242, 243 borellii, 243 camerani, 243 oxydactylus, 242 Scaptognathus tridens, 442 Bepigporus occidentalis occidentalis, 95, 1 undulatus, 110, 112 Schlinger, Evert I.; A revision of the acrocerid flies of the genus Pialea Erichson with a discussion of their sexual dimorphism (Diptera), 359 schoanus, Pycnonotus barbatus, 394 Schiéngastia, 88, 114 americana, 88 californica, 180 peromysci, 142 sciuricola, 207 Schultz, Leonard P.; A new pinecone fish, Monocentris reedt, from Chile, a new family record for the eastern Pacific, 237 schunkei, Anaxipha, 265 (fig.), 273 Aphonomorphus, 267 (fig.), (fig.), 286, 287 Diatrypa, 265 (fig.), 281 Pteronemobius, 248, 263 (fig.) Rhipipteryx, 269 (fig.), 291 Sciaena cataphracta, 239 japonica, 239 Sciomyzidae, 313 sciuricola, Euschéngastia, 96, 115, 126, 157 (map), 207, 210, 211, 212, 218, 221, 223, 227 Neoschéngastia, 207 Schingastia, 207 Sciurudae, 477 Sciurus bongensis, 478 carolinensis carolinensis, 109, 110, 111, 112, 147 hudsonicus richardsoni, 96, 209 hudsonicus streatori, 209 leucoumbrinus, 481 semipalmatus, Aulacodus, 548 senaariensis, Erinaceus, 455 269 612 senegalensis, Galago, 467 Galago senegalensis, 467 Genetta genetta, 555, 556 Viverra, 555 sennariensis, Galago, 467 Sus, 570 Sus scrofa, 570 septentrionalis, Myotis keenii, 135 sericea, Crocidura, 464, 465 Crocidura sericea, 465 sericeus, Sorex, 465 Sericocarpus, 298 setosa, Euschéngastia, 85, 96, 109, 111, 113, 114, 126, 157 (map), 195, 199, 204, 208, 209, 210, 211, 216, 218, 220, 223 Trombicula, 204 Setzer, Henry W.; Mammals of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 447 severini, Rivellia, 22, 26, 56 shawi, Dasymys, 507 Dasymys incomtus, 507 Meriones, 93 shieldsi, Eusch6ngastia, 92 Shoemaker, Clarence R.; Observations ounne amphipod genus Parhyale, sibyllae, Gazelle soemmerringii, 582 Sigmodon hispidus komareki, 110, 112 Sigmoria, 4 signatipes, Cratichneumon, 297 signator, Euschéngastia, 142, 144, 145, 146, 160 Neéschongastia, 95, 142 sikapusi, Lophuromys, 533, 534 Simia aethiops, 469 similis, Euschéngastia, 92 Simocyoninae, 552 simoni, Gerbillus, 482 simplex, Candacia, 331 simulacrum, Anaxipha, 274 Sinella curviseta, 98, 105, 108, 159, 195 slatini, Procavia, 566 Procavia habessinica, 666 Procavia ruficeps, 566 smithi, Anaxipha, 263 (fig.), 266 Cyrtoxiphus, 266 Euschéngastia, 92 smithii, Madoqua guentheri, 579 Rhynchotragus guentheri, 579 soctalis, Rivellia, 27, 68 soctus, Aphonomorphus, 267 (fig.), 284 sodalis, Myotis, 135 soemmeringii, Acinonyx jubatus, 563 Cynailurus, 563 Gazella, 580 Solidago sp., 299 solitarius, Cuculus, 383 solvayi, Bubalus, 573 somalicus, Equus, 569 Lycaon pictus, 652 somaliensis, Diceros bicornis, 570 Rhinoceros bicornis, 570 sorer, Anaxipha, 263 (fig.), 264, 266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Sorex cinereus cinereus, 193, 195 fumeus fumeus, 146, 193 hedenborgiana, 460 longirostris longirostris, 193 sericeus, 465 sp, 225 Soricidae, 457 soror, Tatera, 493, 494 soudanicus, Canis anthus, 550 Canis aureus, 550 speciosa, Terpsiphone viridis, 397 Speirops leucophaea, 393, 394 spekii, Tragelaphus, 572 phenoeacus afer transvaalensis, 379 Sphinctini, 316 Sphinctus, 315, 316 Sphyrapicus varius, 110 spilonotis, Ploceus spilonotis, 402 ap leue Trombicula, 100, 110, 112, 11 splendidus, Formicaphagus, 419 (fig.), 425 (fig.), 428, 429, 430, 438 squamulosa, Ichnotropis, 93 Steatomys, 545 (map) aquilo, 640, 541, 542 athi, 542 gazellae, 641, 542 thomasi, 541 stella, Praomys, 526 Stenaphonus, 277 Stenoecanthus, 277 Stenogryllus, 276 Stenopialea, 360, 361 beckeri, 360, 361, 365 steyskali, Rivellia, 27, 64, 68 eMemon te Gerbillus, 482, 483, 484, 485, Gerbillus stigmonyx, 486 Meriones, 486 stipatus, Aphonomorphus, 267 (fig.), 269 (fig.), 284 stolzmanni, Anaxipha, 265 (fig.) Cyrtoxiphus, 266 Hyale, 357 stonei, serpy cooperi, 147, 174, streatori, Sciurus hudsonicus, 209 Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, 209 strepsiceros, Tragelaphus, 572 Strepsiceros abyssinicus, 573 subg., 572 striatus, Lemniscomys, 513, 514, 515 Tamias, 146 Strix varia, 110 stuhlmanni, Cercopithecus, 470 Cercopithecus mitis, 470 Sturnidoecus, 411, 412 subaureus, Ploceus subaureus, 402 subflavus, Pipistrellus, 135 Pipistrellus subflavus, 96, 135 subfuscus, Praomys fumatus, 526 succinata, Rivellia, 27, 69 succinatus, Dacus, 69 sudanensis, Gerbillus gerbillus, 487, 488 Praomys tullbergi, 627 INDEX 613 sudanensis, Graphiurus murinus, 543,) Taterillus, emini clivosus, 495, 497 sudanicus, Ictonyx striatus, 653 suehelica, Terpsiphone viridis, 397 Suidae, 570 Suinae, 570 sulcatus, Trigonalys, 300 superciliaris, Petronia, 379, 401 surdaster, Grammomys, 502, 503 surinamensis, Eneoptera, 277 Gryllus, 277 sururae, Crocidura, 462, 463 Crocidura nyansae, 462, 463 Sus scrofa sennaariensis, 570 sennaariensis, 570 swinderianus, Thryonomys, 548 sylvatica, Euplectes hordeacea, 403 Sylvicapra grimmia roosevelti, 574 Sylvietta rufescens transvaalensis, 398 Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus, 109, 110, 111, 112, 166, 206 palustris palustris, 110, 112 Symphyloxiphus, 259 Synapta sp., 445 Synaptomys cooperi saturatus, 171, 200 cooperi stonei, 147, 174, 200 Synaptomys sp., 223 Syncerus caffer aequinoctialis, 573 syngenisae, Musca, 23 Tafalisca, 277 Tairona, 253 taitensis, Brachycyrtus, 324, 328 Vakau, 323, 328 ‘takanus, Lycaon, 552 talangae, Oenomys hypoxanthus, 605 Tamias hudsonicus loquax, 147 striatus, 146 striatus lysteri, 147 striatus ohionensis, 147 sp., 147 Tamiasciurus hudsonicus richardsoni, 96, 209, 210 hudsonicus streatori, 209 sp., 174, 184, 209 Tamiscus, 442, 491 (map) emini gazellae, 477 tao, Antilope, 576 Tapinogonalos, 296 pulchella, 297 Tatera, 484, 504 (map) benvenuta, 491, 493, 494, 495 benvenuta benvenuta, 491 flavipes, 492, 494, 495 macropus, 493 robusta robusta, 493, 494 robusta taylori, 494 soror, 493, 494 subg., 499 Taterillus, 495, 497, 504 (map) butleri, 497 clivosus, 497 congicus, 496 emini, 495, 496 emini anthonyi, 495, 496, 499, 500 emini butleri, 495, 497, 499 emini emini, 498 emini gyas, 495, 498 emini perluteus, 495, 497, 498 emini rufus, 496, 499 gyas, 498 perluteus, 498 subg., 497 Taterina, subg., 499 Taurotragus oryx, 573 derbianus, 573 derbianus gigas, 573 Taxonus pallidicornis, 297 taylori, Tatera robusta, 494 teissieri, Duslenia, 442 Telea polyphemus, 299, 300 Telephonus zeylonus, 379 telskii, Aphonomorphus, 267 (fig.), 284 Aphonus, 284 temminckii, Manis, 471 temulentus, Paragryllus, 256 tendal, Antilope, 573 tenella, Leggada, 531 tenellus, Mus, 531 Mus tenellus, 631 teng, Otolicnus, 467 tephra, Crocidura turba, 466 tephragaster, Crocidura bicolor, 458 Tephritis melliginis, 59 Terpsiphone perspicillata, 397 viridis, 395, 397 viridis granti, 395 viridis perspillata, 379 viridis speciosa, 397 viridis suehelica, 397 viridis viridis, 395, 397 Terrapene carolina, 110, 112 tersa, Rivellia, 25, 31 tessellatus, Papio doguera, 469 testicularis, Arvicanthis niloticus, 509, 510 Isomys, 510 texana, Rivellia, 26, 52, 54 Thambema, 441, 442 Thambematidae, 441 Thamnomys macmillani gazellae, 503 Thamnophis ordinatus ordinatus, 110 Theroniini, 316 thomasi, Steatomys, 641 thomasi, Heterohyrax brucei, 564 Thomomys, 451 thompsoni, Gazella (Gazella), 580 thooides, Canis, 550 thoracicus, Formicaphagus, 419 (fig.), 423, 429, 438 thoracicus, Apalis thoracicus, 398 Thos adusta bweha, 549 mesomelas elgonae, 550, 551 mesomelas macmillani, 550, 551 Thrombidium vandersandei, 88 Thryonomyidae, 547 Thryonomys, 542, 548 gregorianus, 548 gregorianus subsp., 647 harrisoni, 547, 54 harrisoni harrisoni, 547 614 Thryonomys, swinderianus, 548 swinderianus variegatus, 548 Thryothorus ludovicianus, 110, 112 Thylogale coxenii, 92 tiang, Damaliscus, 577 Damaliscus korrigum, 677 tiang-riel, Damaliscus, 577 tigrina, Genetta, 555, 556 Tohila, 250 toldti, Cercopithecus, 469 tora, Alcelaphus, 577, 578 Alcelaphus buselaphus, 578 Alcephalus 578 torttensis, Crocidura nyansae, 462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 106 Trombicula, batatas, 97 blarinae, 190 carterae, 110, 111, 112 deliensis, 99, 155 farrelli, 110, 111, 112, 113 jamesoni, 225 minor, 87 muris, 90 oregonensis, 137 peromysci, 142 setosa, 204 splendens, 100, 110, 112, 113 whartoni, 110, 112, 113 sp., 97, 100, 109, 110, 112, 113 Townes, Henry; The Nearctic species of Trombiculidae, 85, 87, 99, 114 trigonalid wasps, 295 Tragelaphus, 572, 581 (map) bor, 572 cottoni dodingae, 572 scriptus barkeri, 572 scriptus bor, 572 scriptus decula, 572 scriptus dodingae, 572 spekii, 572 spekii larkenii, 573 strepsiceros, 572 strepsiceros chora, 573 subsp., 572 transvaalensis, Euschéngastia, 93 Sphenoeacus afer, 379 Sylvietta rufescens, 398 Tribal revision of the brachycyrtine wasps of the world (Cryptinae- Ichneumonidae), 315 trichosuri, Euschéngastia, 92 Trichosurus vulpecula, 92 tricolor, Latheticomyia, 305, 306, 307, 309 (fig.), 310, 311 (fig.) Tridactylidae, 292 Tridactyloidea, 241, 290 Tridactylus, 292 Tridactylus australis, 292 tridens, Scaptognathus, 442 trifoliadens, Hyale, 351 irigenuala, Eusch6ngastia, 125, 131, 149 (map), 214, 218, 221, 226 Trigonalidae, 295, 296 (key) Trigonalys canadensis, 303 costalis, 300 nevadensis, 300 pulchellus, 296, 297 sulcatus, 300 Trigonidiidae, 242, 259 (key) Trigonidium gracile, 268 Trigonidomimus, 250, 251 ruficeps, 251 zernyl, 252 Trigonometopus, 305, 313 triton, Mus, 530, 532 Trombicula, 87, 107, 139, 213 akamushi, 87, 96, 107, 110, 112 akamushi group, 207 alfreddugési, 96, 97, 100, 104, 106, 110, 111, 112, 113, 153 (graph), 154 autumnalis, 87, 96, 97, 99, 100 Trombiculinae, 87, 88, 114 Trombidiidae, 87 Trombidiformes, 114 Tropidosaura essexi, 93 tropidosauri, Euschéngastia, 93 trouessarti, Euschéngastia, 88, 89, 94 Tryphoninae, 315, 316 tschadensis, Alcelaphus buselaphus, 578 Bubalis lelwel, 578 Tubulidentata, 563 tullbergi, Praomys, 526 turba, Crocidura, 458 turbulenta, Phosphila, 301 Turdoides jardinei, 396, 401 Turdus migratorius, 110, 112 turneri, Atherus, 547 tyrannina, Cyrcomacra tyrannina, 420, 438 ugandae, Felis libyca, 561 Mastomys natalensis, 519, 522, 523, 524 Mus, 524 Ourebia ourebi, 578, 579 umbrosus, Formicarius analis, 431, 433, 43 undulatus, Sceloporus, 110, 112 unyori, Oenomys hypoxanthus, 505 Uroblaniulus immaculatus, 14 Urocyon cinereoargenteus, 110 uromys, Euschéngastia, 92 Uromys lamingtoni, 92 Urophora interrupta, 23 Uvaroviella, 254 vaga, Rivellia, 26, 35, 50, 53, 54 Vakau, 323 taitensis, 323, 328 vallicola, Oenomys hypoxanthus, 505 | vandersandei, Thrombidium, 88 | vanderwulpi, Rivellia, 30 varia, Strix, 110 variabilis, Rivellia, 22, 25, 46 variegata, Dasyprocta, 94 variegatus, Aulacodus, 548 Canis, 550 Canis familiaris, 550 Thryonomys swinderianus, 548 varius, Sphyrapicus, 110 vaughani, Gobes: 575 velox, Accipiter, 110 INDEX verticalis, Gryllus, 246 Miogryllus, 246 Vespa sp., 303 Vespidae, 295, 296 Vespula pensylvanica, 304 sp., 303, 304 vestitus, Anthonomus, 317, 325 Viburnum acerifolium, 298 vicina, Acla, 257, 263 (fig.) vicinus, Paraphonus, 269 (fig.), 288 Rhipipteryx, 269 (fig.), 290 victoriae, Lepus, 477 villosus, Dryobates, 110, 112 viperina, Euschéngastia, 94 Vireo fiavifrons, 110 virescens, Formicarius analis, 434, 438 virginiana, Didelphis, 110, 112 viridis, Terpsiphone, 395, 397 Terpsiphone viridis, 395, 397 viridulans, Rivellia, 21, 23, 26, 60, 61, 71 vision, Mustela, 110 Viverra dongolana, 555 senegalensis, 555 Viverridae, 555 Viverrinae, 555 vociferans, Rattus sabanus, 91 volans, Glaucomys volans, 110, 112 vulpecula, Trichosurus, 92 Vulpes pallida pallida, 551, 552 riippellii riippellii, 551 waccamana, Apheloria, 12 wagneri, Acinonyx, 563 Walchia, 109 sp., 110, 112, 113 Walchiinae, 87 Walkley, Luella; A tribal revision of the brachycyrtine wasps of the world (Cryptinae-Ichneumonidae), 315 Wasps, brachycyrtine, of the world, Tribal revision of, 315 Nearctic species of trigonalid, 295 watersi, Gerbillus, 482, 483, 486 615 wellsi, Motacilla capensis, 387 werneri, Papio, 468 westraliense, Eusch6ngastia, 92 whartoni, Trombicula, 110, 112, 113 Wheeler, Marshall; Latheticomyia, a new genus of Acalyptrate flies of oe family relationship, 5 wilsoni, Acomys wilsoni, 538 winifredae, Rivellia, 22, 26, 44, 46 witherbyi, Acomys, 537 womersleyi, Eusch6ngastia, 92 woodwardi, Buccanodon olivaceum, 395 woosnami, Crocidura bicolor, 459 wrighit, Dixioria pela, 7, 9 (fig.), 51, 18 (map), 19 wuil, Adenota, 575 wulpiana, Rivellia, 30 xanthopterus, Ploceus, 402 xerothermobia, Eusch6éngastia, 94 Xystodesmidae, 1 yeomansi, NeoschGéngastia, 88 yonahlossee, Plethodon, 12, 15 youngi, Rattus, 92 Zapus hudsonius hudsonius, 174 sp., 223 zebra, Herpestes, 557 Lemniscomys barbarus, 611, 513 Mungos mungo, 557 Mus, 511 zeledoni, Pittasoma michleri, 428, 438 Zenillia lobeliae, 297 zerda, Canis, 552 Fennecus, 552 zernyi, Quarequa, 252 Trigonidomimus, 252 zeylonus, Telephonus, 379 zibellina, Parhyale, 346 zibethica, Ondatra, 109, 110, 111, 112 Zosterops ficedulinus, 394 O « aie ‘ eel th) ao aes heute Dien ae 08 3M ; 6 1G ott Sareea an ae aro Laneneert ht Sat. rear a yes (snr ud hawitod ot kee yo: Sticow gd iol ; sivas: ait vere AEE TARA yagi Lua % eis NT. 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