, Pein an +a) a i" yy YVle he , : RU Seta NAC i GUANO aun gt to} , NLDA NaH RRB AO eB Wi daphne Rea ARAAr Pan Raat ies Weak VY Pec ee DURHAM i? nee TORR APPA i his bh Ata sy a Pa KKH WUE CAT AR RN ITN y PALACE AH) a AT AS Ai ict Nh bs bY Fei ats Ni eset y Wik sh) , A r at RE ULEUESL eth ri} Cer Ria 4 ‘ u Ae : Aa AA ’ H PEW t Witt He vee Se ei Na Ee SON Meo ait RSPR EOE uh ii eit CHa ES bP ee eA Th Aa Yen ees oa HAS Tek ee be Pe aE \ WM vate CWE twee ad hs COE a i wh A Ste eG) Py HY vai ta WBA ee af ty er a ti Dae WER AeA : mee MECH RTT eG Meek f i Cinna ; ICON : Ao Pe AIKEE i Ue An eee nay CLA { ni Baye AAA i i" | ‘Tekh RA i aul mt i Sa ch | tak yi Aa ea eK Wa Le oe Mae ee Sore eS = me oes RS es c ae | ats So See aaa ees ‘ a ae PAPO NBA rd heel Waker SVT HSONIAN INSTITUTION. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PROCEEDINGS a Samy ied 4 -_—* OF THE UNITED SEAT is S NATIONAL MUSEUM. oe or it iy us AToa, museLE Vieltizne «2X EX. PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. LS 97. ADVERTISEMENT. The extension of the scope of the National Museum during recent years and the activity of the collectors employed in its interest have caused a great inerease in the amount of material in its possession. Many of the objects gathered are of a novel and important character, and serve to throw a new light upon the study of nature and of man. The importance to science of prompt publication of descriptions of this material led to the establishment, in 1878, of the present series of publications, entitled ‘‘ Proceedings of the United States National Museum,” the distinguishing peculiarity of which is that the articles are published in pamphlet form as fast as completed and in advance of the bound volume. The present volume constitutes the nine- teenth of the series. The articles in this series consist: First, of papers prepared by the scientific corps of the National Museum, secondly, of papers by others, founded upon the collections in the National Museum; and, finally, of facts and memoranda from the correspondence of the Smithsonian Institution. The Bulletin of the National Museum, the publication of which was commenced in 1875, consists of elaborate papers based upon the collec- tions of the Museum, reports of expeditions, ete., while the Proceed- ings facilitate the prompt publication of freshly acquired facts relating to biology, anthropology, and geology, descriptions of restricted groups of animals and plants, the discussion of particular questions relative to the synonymy of species, and the diaries of minor expeditions. Other papers of more general popular interest are printed in the Appendix to the Annual Report. -apers intended for publication in the Proceedings and Bulletin of the National Museum are referred to the Advisory Committee on Pub- lications, composed as follows: Frederick W. True (chairman), Marcus | Benjamin (editor), James E. Benedict, Otis T. Mason, Leonhard Stejneger, and Lester F. Ward. S. P. LANGLEY, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Il EAB E OF CONTENTS. Page. ASHMEAD, WILLIAM HI. Descriptions of new Cynipidous Galls and Gall-Wasps in the United States National Museum.—No. 1102. December 30, 1896!................ 113-136 New genus: Compsodryoxenus. New species: Trigonaspis radicus, Dryophanta vesiculoides, D. emoryt, D. pulchripennis, D. radicola, Andrieus morrison tel, murtfeldte, A, dasydactyli, A. pacificus, A. wisliceni. A. chryso- lepidis, A. apicalis, A. congregatus, A. excavatus. A. riley, A. perplexus, A. imbrecariea, Cynips flavicollis, C, suleatus, C. chrysolepidicola, Amphibolips tinctoric, A. trizonata, A. acu- minate, Holcaspis persimilis, H. truckeensis, H. douglasii, Bas- settia gemme, B. pallida, Compsodryoxenus maculipennis, C. brunneus, Trisolenia punctata, Callirh ytis vacciniifolie, C. eras- sicornis, C. frueticola, C. rhizoxwenus, C. lasius, Aulax mulge- diicola, A. cavicola, A. sonchicola, A. ambrosicecola, Diastro- phus smilacis, Rhodites gracilis, R. similis. BEAN, TARLETON H., and BARTON A. BEAN. Contributions to the Natural History of the Commander islands. XII. Fishes collected at Bering and Copper islands by Nikolai A. Grebnitski and Leonhard Stejneger.— No. 1106. Decem- ete UDO ere erate eral ck Th a Soak hoe ie ac Bt 237-251 Notes on Fishes collected in Kamchatka and Japan by Leonhard Stejneger and Nicolai A. Grebnitski, with a description of a new Blenny.—No. 1112. January 27,1897. 381-392 New genus: Pholidapus. New species: Pholidapus grebnitskii. COCKERELL, T.D. A. The Food Plants of Scale Insects (Coe- eid) Nori122 + August 141897...) 00. .a 725-785 CRAMER, FRANK. Report on the Fishes dredged in Deep Water near the Hawaiian Islands, with Descriptions and Figures of Twenty-three new Species.—No. 1114. Febru- aimee een ashi cat VPS). ob gon eth Ahab oe 403-435 (See also under Gilbert, Charles Henry. ) DALL, WILLIAM HEALEY. Report on the Mollusks collected by the International Boundary Commission of the United States and Mexico, 1892-1894.—No. 1111. January 27,1897. 333-379 Newspecies: Celocentrum nelsoni, C. pfefferi, Anisospira strebeli, Streptostyla nebulosa. 1 Date of publication. IIL © lowe Le TABLE OF CONTENTS. DALL, WILLIAM HEALEY. Descriptions of Tertiary Fossils from the Antillean Region.—No. 1110. December 30, 1896. (See also under Guppy, R. J. Lechmere. ) GILBERT, CHARLES HENRY, and FRANK CRAMER. Report on the Fishes dredged in Deep Water near the Hawaiian Islands, with Descriptions and Figures of Twenty-three new Species.—No. 1114. February PTO d otto chee me aap gnee New genus: Argyripnus. Ceelocephalus, Pelecanichthys. Newspecies: Promyllantor alcocki, Congermurena cequorea, Chlo- rophthalmus proridens, Diaphus urolampus, D. ch rysorhynchus, Myctophum fibulatum, Dasyscopelus pristilepis, Argyripmus ephippiatus, Melanostoma argyreum, Scorpeena remigera, Peris- tedion hians. Celorhynchus gladius, Ceelocephalus acipenserinus, Macrourus ectenes, M. propinquus, M. holocentrus, M. gibber, Hymenocephalus antreus, Trachonurus sentipellis, Chalinura ctenomelas, Optonurus atherodon, Pelecanichthys crumenalis, Malthopsis mitriger. GILBERT, CHARLES HENRY. Descriptions of Twenty-two new Species of Fishes collected by the Steamer Albatross, of the United States Fish Commission—No. 1110. February BMGOT 8 e005 nee New genus: Emmnion, Ulvicola. New species: Tachyswrus liropus, Netuma insularum, Mugil thoburni, Myripristis clarionensis, Epinephelus niphobles, Orthopristis forbesi, Ophioscion strabo, Holacanthus vodocus, Scorpena pannosa, Sebastodes semicinctus, S. ayresti, S. era- meri, Prionotus lowias, Astroscopus zephyreus, Emmnion bris- tole, Ulvicola sancte-rose, Emblemaria oculocirris, Lepidion verecundum, Paralichthys woolmani, Guppy, R. J. LECHMERE, and WILLIAM HEALY DALL. De- scriptions of Tertiary Fossils from the Antillean Region.— No. 1110. December 30, USSG. F -eie nce ec hme New species: Clathurella amicta, C. vendryesiana, Cythara gibba, C. guppyt, C. mucronata, C. obtusa, Mangilia consentanea, Cancellaria rowelli, Oliva plicata, Olivella indivisa, Marginella solitaria, M. (Persicula) arcuata, M. latissima, M. limonensis, M. amina, M. coniformis, M. domingoensis, Phos metuloides, P. gabbii, P. (Strongylocera) fasciolatus, P. (S.) chipolanus, Strombinella acuformis, Strombina mira, Aclis acuminata, A. ? (Amblyspira) teres, A. ? (A.) prominens, Eulima egregia, E. (Liostraca) nobilis, Pyramidella (Longcheus) jamaicensis. P. (L.) forulata, Turbonilla plastica, T. turritissima, T. angulata, T. simplicior ?, T. tenuilineata ?, T. (Stylopsis) octona, Oscilla indisereta, Ultimus precursor, Carinaria caperata, Bittium (Styliferina) preeformatum, Pyrazisinus ? haitensis, Turritella arata, Mathilda plexita, Fossarus (Gottoina) mundulus, Alaba turrita, Pissoa (Alvania) parianda, Benthonella turbinata, Hip- ponyx tortilis, Dillwynella errata, Solariorbis clypeatus, Sola- riella altiuscula, Liotia siderea, L. veresimilis, Cadulus pari- anus, Limopsis subangularis, Anomia umbonata, Crassatellites Page. 303-331 403-435 437-457 303-331 TABLE OF CONTENTS. (Crassinella) guppyi, Lucina pauperata, L. textilis, Divaricella prevaricata, Clementia ? teeniosa. Sanguinolaria unioides, Dimya grandis. LINELL, Martin L. Descriptions of New Species of North American Coleoptera in the Families Cerambycids and Scarabeeide.—No. 1113. Hepriary ovte97o5. ye 393-401 New genus: Tetranodus. New species: Elaphidion albofasciatum, Piezocera serraticollis, Ibidion townsendi, Pecilobrium rugosipenne, Obrium mozinne, Tetranodus niveicollis, Leptura pernigra, L. coquilletti, Amphi- onycha suturalis, Methia mormona, Diplotaxis brevisetosa, Lachnosterna karlsici, On the Insects collected by Doctor Abbott on the Sey- chelles, Aldabra, Glorioso, and Providence Islands, with Descriptions of Nine New Species of Coleoptera.—No. 1119. May 13, 1897 New species: Cratopus griseovestitus, Phaeochrous insularis, Oxy- thyrea aldadrensis, Microthyrea aldadrensis, Leptocera alda- drensis, Luciola abbotti, Oxythyrea abbotti. Cratopus abbotti, Microthyrea providencie, Linton, EDWIN. Notes on Larval Cestode Parasites of Fishes.—No. 1123. October 4, 1897 Newspecies: Rhynchobothrium speciosum, Otobothrium dipsacum. _ LONNBERG, EINAR. Is the Florida Box Tortoise a Distinet Sapte ato ore adoslie Ace taenh. ahi ers 3 Nels eee 695-706 Rep es P VALLI ray kes 187-824 ! Species?—No. 1107. Peeember 30; 1896) sei 253-254 | MEARNS, EDGAR A. Preliminary Diagnoses of new Mammals _ from the Mexican Border of the United States.—No,. 1103. December 21, 1896. (Advance sheets, May 25, 1896) New species: Perom yscus merriami. New subspecies: Perom Yyscus eremicus arenarius, P. boylii penicil- latus, Onychomys torridus arenicola, O. t. perpallidus. Descriptions of six new Mammals from North Amer- ica.—No. 1121. July 30, 1897 New species: Dipodomys mitchelli, Peromyscus tiburonensis, P. stephensi, Neotoma attwateri. Newsubspecies: Thomom ys fulvus intermedius, Erethizon epixan- thus couesi, : RaTHBUN, Mary J. Description of a new Genus and four new Species of Crabs from the West: Indies.—No. 1104. New genus: Metopauilias. New species: Eucinetops blakiana, Pilumnus pannosus, Sesarma bromeliarum, Metopaulias depressus. RIcHMonD, CHARLES W. Catalogue of a collection of Birds made by Doctor W. L. Abbott in Madagascar, with descrip- New species: Thalassornis insularis, Copsychus inexpectatus. ry moe 137-140 RENE Reaches Ee een pit ae a 719-724 BREET MaReR WeNCNnI se cova Aiinse ahaa tetanericds tea 141-144 tions of three new Species.—No. 1118. Maye tS 1897. |. |. 677-694 VI TABLE. OF CONTENTS. Page. Ripeway, Ropert. Birds of the Galapagos Archipelago.— Nos 1116) March: 1, 1897 235s aoe 2. hee cee 459-670 SCHUCHERT, CHARLES. On the Fossil Phyllopod Genera. Dipeltis and Protocaris, of the Family Apodidze.—No. 1117. Neaycl3) 1807. ces ad eeesc ae es er See 671-676 New species: Diplodiscus carri. New subfamily: Apodine, Dipeltine. STANTON, TrmoTHY W. On the Genus Remondia, Gabb, a group of Cretaceous Bivalve Mollusks.—No. 1109. Decem- Or 50, LAOS Me ace ce ie he ae geen es tore iene os arc 299-301 STILES, CH. WARDELL. A Revision of the Adult Tapeworms of Hares and Rabbits.—No. 1109. December 30, 1896.... 145-235 TRUE, FREDERICK W. A Revision of the American Moles.— Noe tLOl., “December DUI S96 M52 aes as rie ne ace 1-112 New species: Scapanus orarius. UHLER, PHILIP R. Summary of the Hemiptera of Japan, presented to the United States National Musuem by Pro- fessor Mitzukuri.—No. 1108. December 30,4896" 04522 255-297 New genus: Procerates, Acanthodesma, Orthopagus, Catonidia, Diostrombuss, Anomoneura. New species: Eysarcoris parva, Homeeocerus marginatus, Plinach- tus similis, Ligyrocoris terminalis, Eremocoris planus, Pachy- grontha similis, Phyllontochila debile, Lygus simplus, Calocoris variabilis, Dicyphus lautus, Metatropiphorus tabidus, Ptilocerus immitis, Harpactor ornatus, Procerates rubida, Acanthodesma perarmata, Orthunga bivittata, Emesa marcida, Limnotrechus elongatus, Corisa substriata, Melampsalta radiator, Ricania al- bomaculata, Orthopagus lunulifer, Cixius subnubilus, Cotyleceps marmorata, Myndus apicalis, Catonidia sobrina, Otiocerus flex- uosus, Diostrombus politus, Orthobelus flavipes, Macherotypus sellatus, Monecphora assimilis, Lepyron ia grossa, Philagra albi- notata, Aphrophora major, A. obliqua, A. intermedia, A. fla- vipes, A. indentata, Petalocephala discolor, Parabolocratus gut- tatus, Selenocephalus vittatipes, S. cincticeps, Pachyopsis mun- dus, Euacanthus angustatus, Tettigonia guttigera, Thamnotettic sellata, Anomoneura mori. WALCOTT, CHARLES D. Cambrian Brachiopoda: Genera Iphidea and Yorkia, with descriptions of new speciesof each, and of the genus Acrothele.—No. 1120. August 27, 1897. 707-718 New genus: Yorkia. New species: [phidea superba, T. logani, I. pealet, I. cren istria, I. alabamaensis, Yorkia wanneri, Y. ? Washingtonensis, Acrothele decipiens, A. bettula. bist OW PLATES: Facing page. Hope Ska Oca MOnCAN MOlS. 2.52. es ot sco. se eect eet 111 5. Anoplocephaline tapeworms from the European mountain hare and ‘DSL XG TRS Dees op a Se ee Ue a ale a re A 235 6. Anoplocephaline tapeworms from the horse and the marmot em, es 235 7. Anoplocephaline tapeworm from the European hare___.______._____ 235 8. Anoplocephaline tapeworm from the European hare and the Euro- Peariawil dara plses ae een ae oe nee sn ea Ct 235 9. Anoplocephaline tapeworms from the European hare, the chimpan- zee, the black howler, and the bonnet monkey ._..__...____._____- 235 10. Anoplocephaline tapeworms from porcupines and hares_____________ 235 11. Anoplocephaline tapeworm from the Alpine marmot______._______. 235 12. Anoplocephaline tapeworms from the Alpine marmot and the Euro- Pee Meal ela D Dlbe ee meee ae en eee Ne ese oN Ob ST eT 235 13-14. Anoplocephaline tapeworm from the European wild rabbit _________ 235 15. Anoplocephaline tapeworm from the prairie gopher _______________- 235 16. Anoplocephaline tapeworm from the European mountain hare_____._ 235 17. Anoplocephaline tapeworm from the European mountain hare and thes E TO peaMeh aT ema” A. hy2 tee Se me ee we Bee Ne Pe a 235 18-20. Anoplocephaline tapeworm from the cottontail rabbit Peete ae a 235 21. Armed tapeworm from the Arizona cottontail rabbit.-._.__________. 235 99 awe 24. 20. 26. 27-30. 31-33. 34. 30. 36. 37. 38-39. 40. 41-42. 43. 44-46, 47. 48. 49. 50. dl. Armed tapeworms from the Arizona cottontail rabbit, the common Indian pangolin, and the cottontail rabbit .____..____....__..___-. 235 3. Armed tapeworm from the cottontail rabbit and the eastern jackass ELT Cee ee en eee An renee on pete SOE ae a GR 235 Armed tapeworm from the eastern jackass hare.... __.._.._______- 235 Young stages of an armed tapeworm from the cottontail rabbit____- 235 ClOMIIS MEVemTON (terres cee aS ep wy re ON ate De os 301 Peta wlentiaky, TOSSilS ico = 2M nb. 5 a ee ee dh et bn 331 SuellsofauhersMexicanvBoundany. 22s eye ee ee Bi OULU DUST OTCONUSKUUS. 28 oes St eae ooo site See ce Se ee 392 Opisthocentrus quingquemaculatus .—. =.= =. So.c2ece soe eecae ns 392 New fishes from the Pacific Ocean___:_.-.--.___-- aca sae arn es 435 CS ONGERMULECMONETO LON CU to a 2 ee OR i Te 435 Newanshes trom tue Pacific Ocean 225) .2 8 22 jc. ene see ck ease 435 BSCE RISCE ILO MICHIE Che sate ten pee ee he Ste Se es ete ane ae ds 435 Nexauishestromthe.Pacific Ocean. 2.22 <2. ee ene oe se eee 435 VUCROTUTIUSHILOLOCEIUETULS ements eae se el a ee 435 Newstishes trom the Pacific/\Océan.- 222402052. .---22.2-55.-2.2-1 5--- 435 ECICCARICNLRYS CLUMENAUS 9-228. 2 3. Sao oe be le nok ey So seve tee 435 New lishes trom the Pacific Ocean... -20.-25222-.222---L-.22-2-2--- 435 MEER ESS! CLOMPTONENSTS | 8 =o Sees ene a a cS eons tek 457 CPSC LIGA DI SURED Da os eS ek 457 Xesurus clarionis......-- SI Oe ects te Mesiee sie 457 VIII LIST OF PLATES. Facing page. 520 SCONPENA PANNOSG. <=. Paseo ae See ee 457 53... New fishes from ‘the Pacific'Ocean: ...... =.=...) sce eee eee at ae 457 54, Astroscopus: 2epngyreus S24 ons 2 Pee oe ee 457 55. New fishes from the Pacific'Ocean. ...- 225-0255 2S ee eee 457 56. Specific variations in form of bill in Nesomimus and Camarhynchus_ 670 57. Specific variations in form of bill in Genus Geospiza_____..___-..__- 670 58) SHossil:-Phyllopods <2. oe ce ee oe eee 676 §9-60:Cambrian Brachiopo@a\. /J:( 2-2 C2 eee ee ee ee 718 6 eiiguidand larval Mchene Doth ria = eee 824 62. Phyllobothrium, Thysanocephalum, and Rhynchobothrium larvee ..-. 824 63. Rhynchobothrium larve 222 2.00 ashe eee oS ee ee 824 64. Rhynchobothrium larvee, Rhynchobothrium heterospine, Rhyncho- bothrium imparispine, and Rhynchobothrium speciosum __-_-.----- 824 65. Rhynchobothrium speciosum and Rhynchobothrium attenuatum_.... 824 66. Otobothrium dipsacum, Tetrarhynchus larve, and Tetrarhynchus DUStl COG UI oa ee i ee re ae te Re 824 67. Tetrarhynchus erinaceus and Tetrarhynchus elongatus ___. ....-.---- 824 68. Tetrarhynchus bicolor and Synbothrium filicolle__....----.-.---. ---- 824 LIST, OF CORRECTIONS Page 718, add to Fig. 3: 3 6. Posterior view of ventral valve. x6. 3c. Summit view of dorsal valve. 2%. Page 787 and following, Plate I should read Plate LXI; Plate II, LXI, and so on until Plate VIII, which should read Plate LXVIII. [Proceedings of the National Museum, Vol. XIX.] A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN MOLES. By FREDERICK W. TRUE, Curator, Department of Mammals. THE EXISTENCE of moles in North America was known to naturalists at least as early as the middle of the eighteenth century. Under date of October 12, 1748, Kalm mentions seeing burrows of a mole on the banks of the Schuylkill River at Philadelphia. He remarks on the char- acteristics of an individual kept in captivity, but it is not clear from his account at what time it came under his observation, though probably not long after the date cited above.! The first explicit mention of specimens which I find is that of Bar- rington in the Philosophical Transactions in 1772.2 Barrington wrote to the secretary of the Royal Society of London, under date of May 15, 1771, as follows: I send herewith a mole from North America, which Mr. Kuckahn (who hath before presented several birds and insects to the Society ) desires they will do him the honour to place in their Museum. From the description which follows, it appears probable that the specimen (which included part of the skull) was our common mole, Scalops aquaticus. There is a reference to specimens of almost the same date in Bod- dert’s translation of Liuneus’s Systema Nature in 17722 Ina footnote, under the heading of Sorex cristatus, he remarks: This very rare species makes a connection between the mole and shrew. It is more like a mole than a shrew. I have seen the same in the celebrated cabinet of Mr. Van der Meulen in Amsterdam. Linneus may have found specimens of American moles in the Swedish museums to which he had access, though it is improbable; if not, he must have received correct descriptions or specimens from Kalm, who traveled in America for him and was in correspondence with him. Linnweus diagnoses the species correctly, which he could 'Kalm’s Travels, Forster’s English Trans., I, 1770, p. 190. The species was proba- bly Scalops aquaticus, but Forster believed that it was Condylura. * Account of a Mole from North America: In a letter to Dr. Maty, Sec. R. S., from the Hon. Daines Barrington, I’. R. S., Phil. Trans., LXI, pt. 1, p. 292. * Boddaert, Linn. Nat., I, 172; Pol. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XIX—No. 1101. Proc. N. M. vol. xix 1 1 2 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. not have done from the statements of Seba, who, if my view is correct, did not have any American specimens of moles, though he describes some as such.! The records mentioned thus far relate to Scalops aquaticus or Condy- lura cristata, but William Bartram (born in 1739, died in 1823) seems to have known at an early date of the existence of the species now called Brewer's mole, Parascalops breweri. There is a reference to his manuscript name, “ Talpa americana, black mole” (but no description), in Harlan’s Fauna Americana of 1825.2 There were specimens of Brewer’s mole in London prior to 1829, but they were not recognized as such, and the species was not formally described until 1842, when Bachman published a notice of it. The Pacific Coast mole, Scapanus townsendi, came under the observa- tion of Lewis and Clarke between 1804 to 1806, but they did not recognize the fact that it was different from the species of the Atlantic Coast.’ This was reserved for Bachman in 1839, There were specimens in the museum of the Hudson’s Bay Company, however, prior to 1829. The very remarkable little mole of the Pacific Coast, Netirotrichus gibbsii, remained unknown to science until 1857, when it was described by Professor Baird from a specimen collected in 1854 by George Gibbs. Many zoologists, beginning with Linnzus, were disposed to regard the American moles as shrews. Linnzus placed both the common Eastern mole and the Star-nosed mole in his genus Sorex, which is practically equivalent to the family Soricida@ of the present day. This view was opposed by Pennant as early as 1771, who places the Ameri- can forms known to him with the moles.* Most unfortunately, however, he classifies his “ Yellow Mole,” which he got from New York, and was really Scalops aquaticus, as a variety of the European mole. The consequence was that the impression pre- vailed, even as late as 1829, that a variety of the European mole (i. e., a representative of the genus Talpa) existed in America.” The truth was obscured also from the fact that there were specimens in London at a comparatively early date of Brewer’s mole, which in color resembles the European mole. After 1831, when Godman expressed disbelief in the occurrence of Talpa in America, that generic name as applied to 1 As will appear later, Seba’s “ Talpa, rubra, Americana” (supposed to be from the West Indies), represented in his plate 32, is probably a Chrysochloris; while his Talpa, Virginianus, niger, supposed to be from Virginia, is an European mole. (SEBA, Thesaurus, I, pl. 32.) *Page 43. “See CovEs’s Lewis and Clarke’s Expedition, 1804-1806, III, 1893, p. 864. 4Synopsis of Quadrupeds, 1771, p. 315 (fide Fischer). I have not seen this work. In the 3d edition (History of Quadrupeds), II, 1793, p. 233, he remarks: “Linnzus places this [i.e., Scalops aquaticus] and our radiated mole in his class of Sorex, or shrew, on account of the difference of the teeth; but as these animals possess the stronger characters of the mole, such as form of nose and body, shape of feet, and even the manner, we think them better adapted to this genus than to the preceding.” 5See Richardson, Fauna Bor. Amer., Quad., I, 1829, p. 12. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3 American forms seems to have finally disappeared from the litera- ture.! The history of the classification of the Insectivora has been ably expounded by Dr. Gill,? and it is unnecessary for me in this connection to treat of it in detail. I shall content myself with running over the principal phases of the matter as relates to the Talpide, beginning at a somewhat earlier date than Dr. Gill has done, and including some systems which he has omitted. In Linneus’ time and for a half century afterwards the genera of animals were grouped together in orders without intermediate segrega- tion as families, The genera were, however, in many cases practically equivalent in value to family divisions as employed at the present day. In 1813 Fischer proposed a classification of mammals, based on the structure of the feet, into which family divisions as now used were ‘introduced. He divides mammals into Quadrupeda and Cetacea (or Apoda), and the former again into Fissipeda and Plectopoda. The Fis- sipeda are again divided into Unguiculata and Ungulata. The Ungui- culata comprises five orders, one of which, the Plantigrada, includes four families, namely: Hrinacini, Soricini, Talpini, and Ursini. The family Talpint contains three genera, namely: Talpa, Scalops, and Chrysochloris. The species are as follows: Talpa europea, Scalops cris- tatus (= Condylura cristata), Chrysochloris capensis. Our star-nosed mole, in this system, belongs to the order Plantigrada, family Talpini, and genus Scalops. The system as a whole is of little merit, considering that the bears are placed in the same order with the moles, while the musk shrew, Mygale, on account of its webbed feet, is placed in an entirely different division of the class. In 1821 we find the American moles placed with others by Dr. Gray’ in a family called Mygalade,* with the following genera: Mygale,* Scalops, Condylura, Chrysochloris. The construction of this family is somewhat more satisfactory than that of Fischer, in that Mygale is included; but the inclusion of Chryso- chloris and the singular cmission of Talpa are serious defects.° In 1825, and for nearly twenty years afterwards, Dr. Gray employed a system which, so far as the family in which we are interested is con- cerned, was distinctly inferior to the earlier one.6 He united all the 1Tt is true that it occurs in De Blainville’s Osteographie, published between 1839 and 1861, but as he employs the name Scalops as a subgeneric term the case is hardly one in point. I should mention, however, that two specimens from North America are marked Talpa europea with a query in Waterhouse’s catalogue of the mammalia in the museum of the Zoological Society of London, published in 1838 (p. 16). ?Synopsis of Insectivorous Mammals. Bull. U. 8S. Geog. and Geol. Survey of the Territories, No. 2, 2 ser., 1875, p. 91. °On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository, XY, 1821, pp. 296-310. ‘In these names the letter g is omitted in the original, but this is evidently a typo- graphical error, of which there are many in the article. °No notice is taken here of the more general features of this classification. For these, reference should be made to Dr. Gill’s Synopsis. Annals of Philosophy, XX VI (new series X), 1825, p. 337. 4 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. insectivorous mammals then known in the single family Talpide. It might be supposed that this was merely a case of employing the term family in the sense of order, but such is not the truth, as appears from the fact that the Talpide with other families was included in the order Fere. The system proposed by Bonaparte in 1831 does not differ essen- tially so far as the family Talpid@ is concerned from that of Fischer and the earlier one of Gray, but the genus Talpa is restored to its proper place. His section Talpina of the family Talpide comprises the genera Talpa, Condylura, Chrysochloris, Scalops.!. A remarkable fea- ture of his classification is that the family Talpide (which he also styles Insectivora, a name now used for the order) is placed under the order Chiroptera. Pomel’s system proposed in 1848 has no merit so far as the moles as a whole are concerned, as he brings them into one group, called the. family Spalacogale, with the shrews and such other genera as Chryso- chloris and Solenodon.’ The divisions which he makes in his tribe (or subfamily) Talpina, however, leaving out of consideration the fossil forms and the remote genera mentioned above, are nearly such as are now current. With the eliminations mentioned, we have the following: First tribe—Talpina. First type—[Pachyrhiniens. ] Talpa. Mogera. Astromycter [—Condylura. ] Second type—[Leptorhiniens. ] Sealops. Scapanus. Second tribe—Mygalina. First type—[Amblysomiens. ] Second type—[ Macruriens. | Mygale. Third type—[ Unnamed]. Urotrichus. * Gervais’s system, published in his Natural History of Mammals in 1854, is hardly more satisfactory, as he classifies Urotrichus and Mygale with the shrews, and leaves Chrysochloris among the moles.‘ His arrangement is as follows: Famille des Talpidés. Tribu des Chrysochlores. Genre Chrysochlore (Chrysochloris). Tribu des Scalopes. Genre Scalope (Scalops). 1Bonaparte, Saggio Dist. Metod. Ann. Vert., 1831, p. 16. 2Archiv. Sci. Phys. et Nat., IX, 1848, pp. 244-252. 3Dr. Gill, in his abstract of the system, has added the words ‘‘ Japan, California,” to the name of this genus, from which it might be inferred that Pomel knew of the occurrence of an Urotrichus-like mole in California at this early date (1848). This is not really the case, however. In Bull. Geol. Soc. France, 2 ser., VI, 1848, p. 58, Pomel remarks ‘‘Le genre Urotrichus ne sort pas du Japon.” 4 Histoire naturelle des mammiféres, I, 1854-55, p. 250. or No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Famille des Talpidés—Continued. Tribu des Condylures. Genre Condylure (Condylura). Tribu des Taupes. Genre Taupe (Talpa). Though in French form, the names of the tribes correspond more closely to those now in use than do Pomel’s, Like Pomel, he has separated Chrysochloris under a distinct tribal name, which was a step toward its final elimination from the family Talpida. In the supplement to Schreber’s Saiigethiere, by J. A. Wagner, pub- lished in 1855, the classification is simple in that the genera of moles are brought together under a family designation (Talpina), without intermediate divisions. His arrangement is defective in that he includes Chrysochloris in the family and places Mygale with the shrews. Peters employed the same form for the family in 1864, but included Mygale.! In these two instances there is no special improvement, so far as this family is concerned, over Gray’s classification of 1821, It was reserved for Dr. Mivart, in 1867, to finally remove Chrysochloris to a distinct family established for its reception. The moles were then classified as follows: Family Talpide. Subfamily Talpina. Sealops. Scapanus. Condylura. Talpa. Subfamily Myogalina. Urotrichus. Myogale. * We come finally to Dr. Gill, who accepted Mivart’s arrangement of the family, but elaborated it by dividing the two subfamilies into sec- tions, as follows: Family Talpide. Subfamily Talpinie. (Talpe ). Talpa. Mogera. Parascaptor. Scaptochirus. Seaptonyx. (Condylurie ). Condylura. (Sealopes). Scalops. Scapanus. Subfamily Mygaline. (Mygalie). Desman (—Myegale). (Urotrichi). Urotrichus. Uropsilus. * ' Monatsberichte Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1865, p. 286. 2 Journ. Anat. & Physiol., I, 1867, p. 281. > Bull. Geol. and Geog. Survey of the Territories, No. 2, 2 ser., 1875, p. 110. 6 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. The last reviewer of the group, the late Dr. Dobson, adopts Dr. Gill’s arrangement, only adding the genus Scaptonyx and placing Uropsilus in a separate section (Uropsili).! It is to be observed, however, that he does not formally divide the family into the two subfamilies Mygaline and Talpine, since he does not regard the characters on which these distinctions are founded as sufficiently trenchant. In this I agree with him, though for convenience 1 have employed the divisions in the key on -p. 7. The aberrant genus Condylura, though placed with the typical moles in the subfamily Talpine, has the pterygoid region of the skull only moderately inflated, a manubrium sterni short in comparison with that of Scalops and the like, and the clavicles somewhat elongated. In all these respects it shows a leaning toward the genera which are placed in the subfamily Mygaline. On the other hand, Neiirotrichus, a member of the Mygaline, has a considerably inflated pterygoid region. Further, it is perhaps questionable whether such a subdivision of the family as that under consideration aids in understanding the phy- logeny of the group. I doubt whether the American genera Scalops and Scapanus have been connected with the true European moles ( Talpa, ete.) at any recent time. Condylura is a greatly modified genus, having no representative in Eu- rope, though possibly remotely connected with Urotrichus, through Neiirotrichus and Para- scalops. The genus Neii- rotrichus is, of course, very closely allied to Urotrichus, but this is the only case in which an Old World type is 1. represented in the New PELVES OF MOLES. World. The moles are Fig. 1, Scapanus. Vig. 2, Scalops. Fig. 3, Parascalops. an old family, and very (Twice natural size. ) little is known of their geological history. Hence, in my opinion, speculations as to the derivation of the various forms now existing and their true relation- ships are in many cases of little value. We have among American mammals both forms which are (geologically speaking) quite recent importations from the Old World, and others which are indigenous, or at least have had representatives on the American continent for a very long time. So far as the moles are concerned the present condition of knowledge is not such as to enable us in the majority of cases to dis- tinguish between the two classes. At all events it does not seem to ? Monogr. Insectivora, part 2, 1885, p. 128. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. if me that the finding of Neiirotrichus, a close ally of Urotrichus, in America is a sufficient basis for regarding all the American moles as importations from the Oid World. As regards the position of the American moles in the classification employed by Dr. Gill and modified by Dr. Dobson, it may be remarked first that Condylura is very properly placed in a separate supergenus (Condylure), as this form is an isolated one, presenting many peculiari- ties not shared by the other genera. The supergenus Scalopes, which comprises Scalops and Scapanus, I cannot accept, since Scapanus, as here used, includes Parascalops, which I think should be separate. Brewer’s mole, Parascalops, shows considerable affinity with Condy- lura in the form of the pelvis, the tympanic bones, and the molars, but in most other characters it is, of course, remarkably different. Iregard Parascalops as bridging over in some degree the gap between the aberrant Condylura and the very closely allied genera Scalops and Scapanus ; but, on the other hand, the remark of Flower and Lydekker that Scapanus and Parascalops “have a dentition like Condylura,”! does not seem to me warranted. The American genera of moles may be arranged as follows: KEY TO THE GENERA OF AMERICAN MOLES. A. Subfamily Talpine.—Pterygoid region of skull inflated; no distinct pterygoid fossa. Clavicle short and broad. Carpus with an 0s falciforme. a. Pelvis with two bony bridges connecting the sacral vertebrie with the ischium. Tympanic bullw complete. Molars with a narrow, simple internal basal projection. aa. Premolars 3. No functional lower canine; lower incisors, two. Second anda nird Up peLEincisOrssaninwterss a. se sse see ee eee oe Scalops Type: Scalops aquaticus. bb. Premolars j or {. Lowercanine present; lower incisors, three..Scapanus Type: Scapanus townsendi. b. Pelvis with no osseous bridges between the sacrum and ischium. Tympanic bulle incomplete. Molars with a wide, trilobed basal projection. ec. Premolars {, the anterior ones simple and close together. Nostrils sim- (P lOpeeeetera ease iopies a etmioa Caracas ease ab sveo sanemn Parascalops Type: Parascalops breweri. dd. Premolars ¢; the anterior ones spaced, multicuspidate and two-rooted. Nostrils in a large fringed cutaneous disk..............---. Condylura Type: Condylura cristata. B. Subfamily Mygalinew.—Pterygoid region of skull not inflated; pterygoid fossa more or less distinct. Clavicle longer than broad. Carpus without an os falciforme. ee. Front. upper incisors broad. Premolars # ..............---. Neiirotrichus Type: Neiirotrichus gibbsii. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MOLES.’ The distribution of the several species of American moles is of interest from many points of view. Whether the moles are confined 'Mammals, p. 630. *In the preparation of this revision, which has suffered numerous interruptions, I have had the use of several collections besides that of the National Museum. Iam 8 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. within the faunal areas outlined by students of zoo-geography, from the investigation of other groups, whether their present distribution is fortuitous, or dependent on ascertained or ascertainable conditions of the environment, and what renders these conditions of importance, are among the questions which deserve consideration. We have in North America, as already intimated, five genera of moles, Scalops, Scapanus, Parascalops, Condylura, and Neiirotrichus. Two of these, namely, Scapanus and Neiirotrichus, are Pacific Coast genera. Though the two genera are not closely related, their distributional areas coincide, but Neiirotrichus, so far as known, extends by no means so far south as Scapanus. East of the Rocky Mountains are the three remaining genera, Scalops, Condylura, and Parascalops. The last two, as in the case of the west coast genera, coincide in distribution to the extent that Parascalops occurs over the middle and southern portions of the area occupied by Condylura, and not elsewhere. But,so far as known, it does not range nearly so far north or west. Finally, Scalops has a range much exceed- ing that of the other two genera, with boundaries coinciding for no considerable distance in any direction. Thus, while two or even three genera of moles will be found in a single locality, no two are found everywhere together. Though the east or west boundaries of two genera may coincide, the north and south boundaries fail to do so, or vice versa; or at least the area of the one genus will be found to exceed that of the other in some direction. As already stated, such coincidences as do occur are not correlated with nearness of relationship, a fact which finds many parallels in the class of mammals generally. The two investigators who have given most attention to the study of the geographical distribution of American mammals in recent years are Dr. J. A. Allen and Dr. C. H. Merriam.! The systems of these two writers, based on the effects of climate, while they lead in the main to similar results, proceed from somewhat differ- ent principles, Dr. Merriam giving almost exclusive attention to tem- perature effects and relegating the moisture to an entirely secondary indebted to Dr. C. Hart Merriam for the use of the very large collection made under his direction for the United States Department of Agriculture and of valuable spec- imens of Condylura, Parascalops, etc., from his private collection; to Dr. J. A. Allen, for the use of the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, New York; and to Mr. 8. N. Rhoads, for opportunities to examine various interesting specimens in his private collection and in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia. To these naturalists, and to the authorities of the institutions mentioned, I offer my sincere thanks, remembering their forbearance in allowing me to retain the collections for a very considerable period of time. 1J. A. Aen: The Geographical Distribution of North American Mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, 1892, pp. 199-244. C. H. Merriam: North American Fauna, No. 3. The Geographical Distribution of Life in North America. Proc. Biol. Soe., Washington, VII, 1892, pp. 1-64. Laws of Temperature Control of the Geographic Distribution of Terrestrial Animals and Plants. Nat. Geog. Mag., VI, 1894, pp. 229-238, pls. 12-14. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9 place, while Dr. Allen views the effects of moisture as of a higher importance, in some cases surpassing those of temperature. c, -° pi, 4; m, 3. CQLODSs loesise Cy gc) PIN. 3/5) M1) s. Neiirotrichus, 1, $;.c, +; pm, $; m, 3. In the large series of skulls to which I have had access, are several of each genus sufficiently young to show the milk dentition and the sutures between the various bones. A study of these specimens leads to some rather interesting results. I find that formule based on the position of the suture between the premaxilla and the maxilla deviate in some instances from those given above. If the position of the suture must be rigidly considered in identifying the canine, some formule now in current use must be abandoned. A similar dilemma seems to have been met with in connection with the European genus Talpa, for Pro- fessor Flower remarks, in Mammals Living and Extinct (p. 23): It happens conveniently for our purpose that in the great majority of cases the segmentation of the (maxillary) bone coincides with the interspace between the third and fourth tooth of the series; still when it does not happen to do so, as in the case of the mole, we must not give too much weight to this fact, if it contra- venes other reasons for determining the homologies of the teeth. L Now, it so happens that in Scapanus and Parascalops the position 14 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. of the suture is such that if used exclusively in determining the homol- ogy of the teeth, as already stated, very different formule from those ordinarily accepted are obtained. Accepting Professor Flower’s dictum, what reason is there for ignoring the position of the suture? The reason is this: It is a well-known fact that in most placental mam- mals the first premolar is without a milk predecessor. If, therefore, we find a tooth close to the intermaxillary suture, which is without a predecessor, we may conclude that this tooth is the first premolar. We may expect to find also a corresponding tooth in the lower jaw. In examining carefully the young skulls already mentioned, I find this first premolar in many cases without difficulty and with certainty, and I will now proceed to give conjointly the formule obtained by employing the two methods of determination. For Scapanus we have the following: Formula by premolar: i, 3; ¢, +; pm, 4; m, 3. Formula by suture: i, 3; c, +; pm, 3; m, §. In this genus, as will be observed, the intermaxillary suture comes between the second and third anterior teeth, and if employed in iden- tifying the teeth, gives the genus but two incisors on each side. The formula based on the first premolar is more in harmony with general considerations.! The genus Parascalops gives exactly the same results as Scapanus, though the material in this case is hardly as satisfactory. The genus Scalops gives the following results: Formula by premolar: i, $; ¢, +; pm, 3; m, 3. Formula by suture: i, 3; c, +; pm, 3; m, 3. In this genus there is no difference in the formula whether based on the position of the suture or on the premolar. A more important mat- ter here is the question of the presence of a third lower incisor and lower canine. The formula as given by Mivart, Dobson, and others is i, 2; ¢,+. But I find that in young skulls there are two small teeth behind the second lower incisor, and what is considered to be the first premolar. While these are like milk teeth in their simple form, their position would appear to indicate that they do not belong to the milk dentition, but to the permanent dentition. From the reduction of the jaw they have become minute, and disappear before full growth is attained. In the discussion of individual variation in the genus Scal- ops (p. 37) I shall show that youngish skulls of this genus often present at least a rudiment of the posterior of these two minute teeth and occasionally a well-developed tooth. It appears probable, therefore, that in the lower jaw a reduction of the third and fourth teeth has taken place, similar to that which has affected the second and third teeth of the upper jaw, but the process has been carried further. It 1 Scapanus anthonyi is here left out of consideration, as it is based on a single adult specimen. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15 may be remarked that the minute teeth of the upper jaw have milk predecessors. In view of what has just been stated, the formula, i, $; c,+, ought to be used in comparative tables for the permanent dentition, but, of course, with the explanation that the formula i, 3, c, } represents the functional dentition, so far as incisors and canines are concerned. In the case of the genus Condylura the material at command is insuf- ficient. None of the young skulls have more than a small part of the milk dentition, and they are also broken in such a manner as to defeat eritical examination. In skull No. 2094, Bangs’ collection, the fourth upper tooth stands in the suture and may be recorded as a canine. The formula, according to the suture, therefore, would be i, 3; c, +; pm, +; m, 2, which must be accepted at least until the full milk denti- tion can be examined. In the genus Neiirotrichus there is no tooth in the series anterior to the molars which has not a milk predecessor. There are three teeth in each side of the premaxillary bone, and in the suture appears a large fourth tooth, which must be reckoned as a canine. The milk prede- cessor of this tooth stands behind it quite independently, the large tooth pointing backward and the small one forward. The two teeth which come next have milk predecessors implanted over them. Thus it appears that there is no premolar without a predecessor. It is only natural to suppose that the first premolar is absent and that those which are present are the second and third. Allowing this to be the case, we have, deciding by the suture, the following formula: i, 3; ©, +; pm, 5; m, §. This is the same as the formula adopted by Dobson. To summarize, the formule of the different genera are as follows: Scalops; 1, 2"; c,+"s pm, #; m, $. Scapanus, 1, $; c, +; pm, 4; m, 3. Parascalops, i, $; c, +; pm, 4; m, 3. Condylura, i, 3; ¢, +; pm, 4; m, 3. Neurotrichus, 1,5; ¢,+; pm, #5 m, §. COLOR OF MOLES. The color variations of moles are of much interest, as the style of coloration is of the simplest character, and the complexity caused by the appearance or disappearance of spots, lines, ete., is absent. The various species belonging to the several genera do not exhibit the same degree of variation, Parascalops, Condylura, and Neiirotrichus exhibit- ing but little, Scapanus a moderate amount, and Scalops more. The variations of Scalops are geographical, the main departure from the mean of coloration being in the Northwest and Southwest. In the Mississippi Valley generally, but particularly in southern Minnesota and Wisconsin, there is a tendency to increase in pallor, producing a 1 Persistent canines and incisors—i, 3; ¢, }. 16 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL, XIX. general silveriness of coloration. In southwestern Texas the color assumes more or less of a buff tint, sometimes quite pale and clear and very striking. This alteration, so far as I am able to judge, has nothing directly to do with the color of the soil. The change in Illinois and the surround- ing parts of the Mississippi Valley should be toward black, if the object were to reach a coloration in harmony with that of the soil, whereas whatever change is perceptible is in the opposite direction. The altera- tion in the Northwest and Southwest likewise is apparently due to the comparative aridity of the regions, the color of the Texan form being different from that of the Northwest, because the parent form is some- what different in color in the two cases. On the west coast, as on the east, the change of color is chiefly one of intensity, and runs parallel with the increase or decrease of humidity, as is the case with so many of our mammals. The changes here in Scapanus, taken as a whole, are much more striking than those in Sca- lops of the East. In the region of great precipitation, in western Wash- ington and Oregon, the moles are nearly black. In northern California the color is lighter and browner, and in southern California tends to silvery tints. Here again, as far as my observations go, the color of the soil has little to do directly with that of the moles. ; pm, 3;m, 3. First upper incisor very large; second and third minute. Molars with a narrow, simple anterior inter- nal basal ledge. Nostrils simple, superior. Fore and hind toes webbed. Manus with an os falciforme. This genus was the first of the American forms to be separated from the comprehensive Old World genus Yalpa. Though given a name in 1800 by Cuvier, it was not really characterized until 1811, when Iliger gave a diagnosis and specified a type. It has been generally considered as not nearly allied to the Pacific Coast genus Scapanus, on account of the differences in dentition. I have found, however, that these difter- ences are not so great as has been supposed, while on the other hand the skeleton and skull present very great similarities in contrast with the genus Parascalops. The genus is distinguishable by external characters, of which the principal are the webbed condition of the forefeet and the superior position of the nostrils. SCALOPS AQUATICUS (Linnzus). EASTERN MOLE. Sorex aquaticus, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 53. Talpa europea flavescens, ERXLEBEN, Syst. Reg. Anim., 1777, p. 118. Talpa curopea, flava, GMELIN, Linn. Syst. Nat., 1788, p. 110. Talpa flava, Kerr, Anim. King., 1792, p. 201. Talpa fusca, KERR, Anim. King., 1792, p. 202; SHaw, Gen’ Zool., I, 1800, p. 524. Scalops canadensis, DESMAREST, Mainmalogie, 1 part., 1820, p. 155.—HARLAN, Fauna Amer., 1825, p. 32. Scalops pennsylvanica, HARLAN, Fauna Amer., 1825, p. 33. Scalops aquaticus, F. CUVIER, Dents des Mamm., 1825, p. 251, No. 22.—FISCHER, Synop. Mamm., 1829, p. 249. Talpa (Scalops) Virginiana, DE BLAINVILLE, Osteographie, Atlas, I, 1839-1864, table des planches, p. 4; Insectivores, pl. V (skull), pl. IX (teeth). Talpa pennantii, Lk CONTE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 327. Talpa aquatica, LE CONTE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 327. Talpa cupreata, RAFINESQUE, Precis des decouv. et travaux somiologiques, Palerme, 1814, p. 14. “Purple species,” HARRIS, New England Farmer. [Fide LE Conre.] 20 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. Diagnosis of species.—Snout simple, depressed; naked above as far — back as the line of the anterior incisors, Nostrils simple, superior, — with two minute papilliform processes within. Eye and auditory orifice — minute and concealed in the fur. Palm as long as the sole, but two — and one-half times as broad. Tail short, slender, and terete; the prox- — imal third clothed with long hair like that of the body, and the remain- der with sparse, short hairs. Color brownish gray, varying to silvery eray and to creamy buff. Hairs of feet and tail white, KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF SCALOPS AQUATICUS, a. Size medium (average total length 162 mm.). Color shining gray-brown. typicus, p. 20. b. Size very small (average total length 142 mm.). Hind foot long. Tail short. Color asina. Skull and teeth delicate; coronoid process slender, uncinate. australis, p. 21. c. Size very large (average total length 190 mm.). Tail and hind feet long. Color inclining tosilvery. Skull massive; molars large and quadrate; coronoid process aN eng 0 a ea tee er machrinus, p. 20. d. Size very small, as in australis (average total length 139 mm.). Wrists and base of snout in males bright rusty orange. Skull and teeth massive, frontal sinuses enlarged; coronoid process stout.---.----.----------.---- ee eaiet texanus, p, 21. DIAGNOSES OF SUBSPECIES. SCALOPS AQUATICUS TYPICUS. EASTERN MOLE. Diagnosis.— Average total length, 162 mm.; tail one-sixth of the same, — and hind foot one-eighth; dentition moderate; coronoid process of man- dible heavy, scarcely uncinate, with a more or less distinct mamm1- form tubercle on the posterior margin; color nearly uniform shining erayish hair-brown; grayer and more silvery below; all the fur of the body plumbeous at the base; hairs of the feet and tail white. SCALOPS AQUATICUS MACHRINUS (Rafinesque). PRAIRIE MOLE. Talpa machrina, RAFINESQUE, Atlantic Journal, 1832, p. 61. Talpa sericea, RAFINESQUE, Atlantic Journal, 1852, p. 61 (Young). Scalops argentatus, AUDUBON & BACHMAN, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 292. . Scalops aquaticus argentatus, Cours, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Survey Terr., III, No. 3, 1877, p. 633. ? Talpa Pennantii, LE CONTE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 327. Diagnosis.—Size the maximum tor the species. Total length, aver-- age, 188.7 mm.; skull, average, 57.1 mm. Tail and hind foot propor-. tionally longer than in the typical form. Teeth large. Coronoid proc- ess of mandible triangular, large, with usually a straight posterior mar- gin. Color as in the typical form, or a little paler. Average dimensions from fresh specimens (6 from Illinois): Length of head and body, 154.9 mm.; tail vertebrie, 33.8 mm, Average dimen- No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 21 sion from alcoholic specimens: Total length, 131.5 mm.; head, 49.2 mm.; tail vertebre, 31.2 mm.; hind foot (without claw), 19.8mm. Average dimensions of skull (13 from Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas): Total length, 36.8mm.; greatest breadth, 19.6 mm.; palate length from inside of incisors, 16.5 mm. Type-locality— Near Lexington, Kentucky. Distribution.—Mississippi Valley, from Tennessee and Missouri north- ward to Wisconsin and Minnesota, and westward to eastern Kansas and Nebraska and southwestern South Dakota. Manitoba (?). SCALOPS AQUATICUS AUSTRALIS, Chapman. FLORIDA MOLE. Scalops aquaticus australis, CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer, Mus. Nat. Hist., V, 1893, 339. ? Scalops parvus, RHOADS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, p. 157. ? Talpa cupreata, RAFINESQUE, Precis des découvertes et trav. Somiologiques, 1814, p. 14. Diagnosis.—Size much smaller than in the typical form (average total length 142 mm.) and hind foot proportionately long; skull small; teeth delicate; coronoid process slender, uncinate, without a secondary process on the posterior margin; color brownish silvery gray, as in the typical form, but often with rusty spots on the sides of the nose and about the chin and wrists. Average dimensions.—(9 fresh specimens, males, from Oak Lodge, opp. Micco, Florida; Bangs’ Coll.): Total length, 157 mm.; tail, 20.6 mm.; hind foot, 17.1 mm. Alcoholic specimens: Total length, 123 mm.; head, 40.1 mm.; tail vertebrie, 23.4 mm.; hind foot (without claw), 15.1 mm. Average dimensions of adult skulls (9 males from Oak Lodge, Flor- ida): Total length, 30.8 mm.; greatest breadth, 16.2 mm.; length of palate from inside of incisors, 13.1 mm. Type-locality.—Gainesville, Florida. Distribution.—Eastern Florida, south to Lake Worth and Orange Hammock (De Soto County). Western Florida, Tarpon Springs. SCALOPS AQUATICUS TEXANUS (J. A. Allen). TEXAS MOLE. Scalops argentatus teranus, J. A. ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., III, 1891, p. 221. Scalops texanus, J. A. ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., V, 1893, p. 200. Diagnosis.—Size small, as in subspecies australis (average total length of males 141 mm.). General coloration as in the typical form, but strongly suffused on the forehead, chin, breast, and wrists with rusty orange-brown. Skull small, massive. Frontal sinuses enlarged. Mandible deep; coronoid process broad, with a straight posterior margin. Molar teeth large. First upper premolar small. pve REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. Average dimensions of fresh specimens s (from J. A. Allen): Male, total length, 141 mm.; tail, 25 mm.; hind foot, 17.8 mm. Female, total length, 137 mm.; tail, 23 mm.; hind foot, 16.5 mm, Average enna of sical (10): Total length, 30.9 mm.; greatest breadth, 16.7 mm.; length of superior tooth row, 13.9 mm. Type-locality.—Given by Dr. J. A. Allen as Presidio County, Texas, but believed to be Aransas County. Distribution.—Coast of Texas. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. Body fusiform. Fore legs enveloped in the integument of the body as far as the wrists, and the hind legs to the middle of the tibie. Palm SNOUT OF SCALOPS AQUATICUS. Fig. 4, Upper surface. Fig. 5, Lower surface, Fig. 6, Side view. (One and one-third times natural size. ) equal to the sole in length, but two and a half times as broad as the latter. Snout moderately elongated (extending in adults about 10 mm. beyond the upper incisors), depressed, naked on top as far back as the line of the anterior incisors. Nostrils superior, about 2 mm. long, FORE FOOT OF SCALOPS AQUATICUS. Fig. 7, Lower surface. Fig. 8, Upper surface. crescentic, close to each other and to the extremity of the snout anteri- orly; each bearing two cilia within. Corner of the mouth slightly ante- rior to the line of the eyes. Upper lip with a narrow ridge on each side. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 293 Eyes minute, but not covered by membrane. No external ears. The auditory orifice (entirely concealed in the fur) minute, circular, situ- ated slightly below the level of the eye and on a line with back of the wrist. Fore feet very large, broader than long (exclusive of the claws). The palms directed backward, and can not be applied to the ground in walking. Palms as long as the soles, but two and a half times as broad as the latter. Fore toes webbed to the base of the nails, which are long, broad, and depressed, and convex above. Back of the manus covered with short, soft, white hairs, which form a fringe all about the margin. Last joint of the toes naked. Palms naked, with very numerous irregular furrows. Second, third, and fourth digits subequal; fifth a little shorter; pollex still shorter and in a line with the other toes Hind feet small and narrow, with long, slender, sharp little-curved claws; otherwise like the fore feet. Bee og nae ay ro AU SECS f Fig. 9, Lower surface. Fig. 10, Upper surface. Tail short, slender, terete, tapering. The proximal third clothed with long hair, like that of the body; but the remainder with rather short and sparse hairs, which do not conceal the skin; a short terminal pencil. Fur very fine, velvety, slightly crenulate, and with broad, shining tips. General color of the body everywhere nearly uniform shining silvery gray, tinged more or less with brown, varying (in subspecies teranus) to pale brown or cream war, or scaops COlor. Hairs dark plumbeous, except at the extremi- aquaticus. ties. Those on the back of the feet, on the tail, and (Nateralsize.) Tower jaw dull white to the base. On the forehead and around the eyes and wrists similar, varying (especially in subspecies texanus) to strong rust color.! ll. SKULL. Skull oval, depressed. Facial portion cylindrical, only slightly slop- ing from-the forehead forward. Anterior nares opening forward. Pre- maxille extending beyond the nasals anteriorly. Nasals triangular, ‘It may be of interest to note here that parasites are sometimes found on our moles. Two different forms were found on a Scalops from Brightwood, D. C., regard- ing which Mr. Linnell, of the Department of Insects, National Museum, has kindly sent me the following facts: “The specimens found on a live mole that you sent are as follows: “1, Leptinus testaceus Miill.; a blind beetle, allied to the Beaver louse (Platypsylla), found with various small rodents and insectivora, either on their bodies or in their nests. Europe and America. “2. Pulex sp. The species of this group are not worked out yet.” 24 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE, VOL. XIX. elongated. Z ygomatic arch slender, ascending poster iorly. Infraorbi- tal foramen large, oblique. Interorbital area inflated. Parietals broad, triangular, with a concave posterior margin; mastoid and occipital borders equal, mastoids inflated. Foramen magnum high and narrow. Tympanie bulle complete, rounded, depressed; meatus auditorius externus small. Palate long, moderately concave, with a prominent transverse posterior margin. Mandible with stout horizontal ramus; ascending ramus very short, and directed backward. Coronoid broad, triangular, and erect; angu- lar process large, oblong, with a rounded margin posteriorly, and con- cave superior margin. Condyles long, cylindrical, transverse. TEETH. Functional dentition: i, 3; ¢, 4; pm, #; m, 3; total, 36. First upper incisors large and long, obtusely pointed, somewhat diver- gent, convex in front, flat behind. Second and third incisors minute, slender and simple. Canine two-thirds as long as the first incisor, cus- pidate. First premolar less than half the size of the canine, simple, unicuspidate. Second and third premolars successively larger, unicus- pidate, with a compressed, trenchant posterior margin terminating belowinatuberele. The third with a very small heel (disappearing with age). Moiars W-shaped in transverse section with a large V-shaped, antero-internal heel or cusp; first and second subequal and quadrate. Second molar with four external, two internal, and one basal cusp. First and third molars with three external, two internal, and one basal cusp. First lower incisor small, unicuspidate; second large, elongate, canine- like, grooved internally. Premolars increasing in size from the first to the third; the latter as long as and considerably thicker than the second incisor. The posterior edges of the premolars rather trenchant. Molars W-shaped in transverse section, each with two external and three internal cusps. First and second molars subequal and largest; third smaller. SKELETON. The EOE) formula of Scalops is given by Cuvier and by Bell as follows: c, 7; d,12; 1, 7; s, 6; ca, 10; total 42. I find by examination of Ee cickoned in thie National Museum collection that the normal formula is c, 7; d, 14; 1, 5; s, 6; ca, 11; total, 43. One skeleton, while preserv- ing the same ne of lumbars, ae 15 dorsals, making the total num- ber of vertebrie 44. There are 7 intervertebral ossicles, arranged as in Scapanus. The sternum consists of 6 segments and a very large manubrium, which is exactly as long as the combined segments. The first pair of ribs joins the manubrium near the junction of its third and last fourth. The ribs are broad and flat. The upper surface of the manubrium is dilated and grooved, with incurved raised edges, The keel is triangular, deepest in front. no. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 95 The clavicles are only two-thirds as long as broad, and are pierced by a foramen. The scapula is very narrow, with high ridges. The acromion is low and long. The humerus is only a fifth longer than broad. The pelvis is very narrow, and the bones of the opposite sides are in contact under the acetabulum. The space between the sacral ver- tebre and pelvis is entirely covered over above by osseous bridges, leav- ing only two pairs of small foramina. The femur is three-fourths as long as the tibia. The os falciforme is long and slender, slightly tapering and curved at the base. The tip reaches to the base of the terminal phalange of the fifth digit. The terminal phalanges are bifid. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. The area occupied by the genus Scalops, as shown by specimens examined in the preparation of this monograph, has the following bound- aries: The northern boundary passes through central Massachusetts and central New York to Lakes Ontario and Erie, thence westward to the southern extremity of Lake Michigan, thence in a northwesterly diree- tion across southern Wisconsin to Elk River, Minnesota, and thence southwestward to the mouth of the Big Sioux River, in South Dakota. The western boundary follows in a general way the ninety-seventh parallel and thus includes the eastern fourth of Nebraska, Kansas, and Indian Territory. Continuing in Texas it bends somewhat to the west and follows the ninety-ninth parallel, terminating in Tamaulipas, about 45 miles south of the Rio Grande. The southern boundary is the Gulf of Mexico, and in Florida a line connecting Tampa Bay on the west side with Lake Worth on the east. An examination of numerous faunal records shows that it is necessary to somewhat extend the range as derived from specimens. In the Northeast, for example, the boundaries should include all Massachu- setts, on the authority of Dr. J. A. Allen! and Emmons,’ and some part at least of Vermont, on the authority of Thompson.*? As regards its absence in northern New York, Baird remarks that Parascalops breweri is found here “apparently to the exclusion of the more southern species with white naked tail, S. aquaticus.”* I have not met with any record of the occurrence of Scalops in New Hampshire. Mr. G. 8. Miller, jr. does not include it among the mammals observed by him in the White Mountain region. If there are records of its occurrence in Maine, they have escaped my attention. While in Hancock County in the summer of 1894, I was informed that the mole was found there, but not abun- dantly. I did not see any evidences of its presence, however, and ‘Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., I, 1869, p. 221. 2Emmons, Quadrupeds of Mass., 1840, p. 15. ’Thompson’s Vermont, p. 27. 4Fifteenth Rept. State Cab., Nat. Hist., 1862. App. A. 296 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. certain runways which were pointed out to me as those of the mole I proved afterwards to be made by meadow mice. The records relating to Canada are rather conflicting, but there is probably little doubt of the occurrence of the genus in the southern parts. Thus, Audubon and Bachman, speaking in general terms, include Canada in the range.! Couper states that Scalops is abundant at Montreal, and occurs also at Quebec, but is not common there.?- Chamberlain asserts that it is common in New Brunswick,’ and Dr. J. A. Allen mentions its supposed occurrence in the Tobique River region in this Province, but as speci- mens were not taken, the matter is open to question. If the mole does occur in New Brunswick, it is, of course, extremely probable that it occurs also in Maine. Gapper included the genus half a century ago in the fauna of the region between York and Lake Simcoe in Upper Canada, but no specimens were seen. Mr. J. B. Tyrrell, in the Proceedings of the Canadian Institute, asserts that it is common throughout eastern Canada,° and another writer, in the Naturaliste Canadien, records it as existing in Canada, though it is rare.® Richardson has a theory to account for the absence of the mole in high latitudes, which runs as follows: I do not think it [the shrew mole] can exist; at least, on the east side of the Rocky Mountains, beyond the fiftieth degree of latitude, because the earthworm on which the Scalops, like the common mole [ Talpa europea] principally feeds, is unknown in the Hudson Bay countries. (Fauna Bor. Amer., p. 11.) Passing to the westward, the next region in which the existence of Scalops is questionable is southern Michigan. Miles, in 1861, includes it in the fauna of the State, but his list of mammals is probably a nom- inal one.“ Hayden, in giving the range of S. machrinus, places the eastern limit at Detroit.° I have seen no specimens from the State. In southern and central Wisconsin and Minnesota the species is known to occur. Dr. E. A. Mearns, U.S. A., collected one at Camp Douglas, in Juneau County, Wisconsin, and Strong remarks its occur- rence in the southern and central sections.? I know of no record of its existence in northern Wisconsin. As regards Minnesota, Prof. Otto Lugger wrote me in January, 1896, that he had obtained three specimens—one from Ottertail County, another from Anoka (Anoka County), and a third from Mankato (Blue Earth County). Ottertail County is the most northwesterly locality 1Quadrupeds of North America, I, p. 91. 2Forest and Stream, newspaper, VIII, p. 300. 3Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunswick, X, 1892, p. 32. 4Zool. Jour., V, 1830, p. 202. 5 Proce. Canad. Inst., 3 ser.,VI, 1888, p. 88. (See Thompson’s remarks on the inaccu- racy of this list, and the reply, in the same journal, VII, 1889, No. 1, p. 178.) 6Nat. Canad., II, p. 44. 7Cat. of the Animals of Michigan, 1861. 8’ Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new ser., XII, 1863, p. 140. * See Moses Strong in Geology of Wisconsin, I, 1883, p. 438. i hii ian li tine ee eee ee No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. IF from which the species, so far as I am aware, has been obtained. Pro- fessor Lugger, however, makes the following statement: I have seen the undoubted work of the mole at Windom (Cottonwood County), Luverne (Rock County), and Crookston (Polk County). The last-mentioned locality is of special interest, as it is in the extreme northwest portion of the State. As no specimens were ob- tained, it is not certain whether this species or the star-nosed mole is the one represented there. Professor Lugger adds: It is frequently stated that moles are very abundant in Minnesota, yet whenever I tried to obtain specimens the ‘‘moles” turned out to be shrews. The present species is not included by Thompson among the mam- mals of Manitoba.! For regions west of the boundary as indicated by the specimens used in preparing this paper, there are few references to the occurrence of moles. ‘Though abundant on the rich bottoms along the Lower Mis- souri,” writes Hayden, “it [S. argentatus| is seldom if ever seen above longitude 98 degrees. °*:| ae: | length. mm. N. M. 35266 |..-.-. | Madisonville, Ohio. .....-. 38. 0 Merr. 4264 |..... Bubanks) Key. eee 36. 0 D. A.46496 | ¢ | Big Sandy, Tenn........-.-. 38. 6 N:M. 35211 | 9 | Warsaw, Ll’-..2.22---.22. 37.6 INES saz0 iO) ee ee UG) que Baacsoseanscoosces 36.5 INSMi536555 | ol! |----- GOy- sence ee ee eee 39.8 Wise 36515") =o | sHiammiltony all eee ee eee 39.0 NM 15398) 252 2. Belleville; Till 2-2. -ss2--=<- 36. 0 i) PAS, G422000)— << Bismarck Mois saser eee 36. 4 IN E642) 5 2- St. Lonis; Mowe sss. ae 35. 6 ING AVE IOS8 ie mic tere QO se oiebeontee ew eaece 38.5 ING MES GSO balers ee | eer GOesa nese eee ee 37.5 DepA. D409Taciece Qnapra. Kanseon. a-seeecee = 30.7 D. A. 40407 |..... [eae Cee ene aaa: 36.3 D. A. 43761 2 | Council Bluffs, Iowa....-- _ 86.4 *In this table and throughout the paper the following abbreviations are used to denote the several collections examined: N. M. or U.S. N. M= U.S. National Museum. D. A.-= U.S. Department of Agriculture. A. M.— American Museum of Natural History, New York. A.N.S. P.=Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Merr. = Merriam collection. This large mole is the machrinus of Rafinesque, who described a specimen from near Lexington, Kentucky.! The later, but more familiar, name argentatus of Audubon and Bach- manisasynonym. The type described by these authors is said by them to have been obtained on the prairies of Michigan.’ It is probable, however, that their specimen really came from northern Ohio, which at one time formed a part of the territory of Michigan. In another con- nection the authors referred to* speak of Erie County, Ohio, as being in Michigan. 1 Atlantic Journal, 1882, p. 61. 2 Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 292. 3Loc. cit., VIII, pt. 2, p. 203. no. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 31 To sum up this discussion regarding size, it may be stated that Scalops aquaticus is largest in the northwestern portion of its range and some- what smaller in the middle Atlantic States, in New York and Pennsyl- vania. From thence southward it gradually diminishes in size, reaching the extreme in Florida. Along the Gulf coast there is a slight increase, which is lost again in Texas, where the average is practically the same asin Florida. As the Gulf coast is departed from, there is a gradual increase in size, which becomes a sudden one about on the thirty-sixth parallel. Northward the species maintains a maximum size over a wide area. This discussion of size has purposely been based on the size of the skull, but the size of the whole body furnishes similar indications of average increase and decrease. It is more difficult to determine how far these are illusive in the latter case, on account of the differences in the measurements of fresh specimens, made by different collectors, and the changes produced by the immersion of specimens in alcohol. As regards color, the New York specimens are perhaps the darkest of the series before me. There is a moderate increase in pallor south- ward along the Atlantic Coast, but it is far from being pronounced. Specimens from Ohio, Illinois, and the northern Mississippi Valley generally are not perceptibly lighter in color than those from New York. Hence, the name argentatus or silvery, as applied to western Scalops generally, is misleading. The only quite light-colored speci- mens from this region, which I have examined, are two from Elk River, Minnesota, one from Council Bluffs, lowa, and one from Camp Douglas, Wisconsin. The Minnesota specimens are distinctly silvery, and merit the name argentatus much more than specimens from the locality of the type in Ohio; and this is true in a still greater degree of the Wis- consin specimen. In southern Kansas the color is relatively light, and from thence southward into Oklahoma and central Texas there is a strong increase in pallor, which reaches its culmination in Padre Island, Texas, and the vicinity, where the surface color is sometimes a silvery white. The peculiar orange-red coloration on the heads, wrists, and other parts of some specimens, especially those from the Southwest, will be considered in connection with the discussion of the subspecies which have been proposed, as this peculiarity has been mentioned in the diagnoses. DISCUSSION OF THE NOMINAL SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. Among the important nominal species which I have assembled under the name of S. aquaticus, is the Talpa machrina of Rafinesque, described in 1832 from specimens from near Lexington, Kentucky. His account of it leaves no doubt that it is the mole of the Mississippi Valley, which has hitherto been recognized under the later name of argentatus. He described at the same time another Kentucky mole, under the name 32 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. of Talpa sericea, but this is quite surely the young of the preceding.! The Scalops argentatus of Audubon and Bachman? was described from a specimen from Erie County, Ohio. The diagnosis given is as fol- lows: S. Pilis tota longitudine albo plumboque annulatis, fronte mentique albido fla- vescente, The annulation here spoken of I believe to be merely that produced by the regular crenulation of the hairs. The light striking on these crenulations produces the effect of alternate whitish and lead-colored rings. This appearance is not more marked in specimens from Ohio than in others. I have never seen any in which there was even an approximation to a truly ringed coloration of the hairs. As for the color of the forehead and chin mentioned in the diagnosis, it is characteristic of the species as a whole. In the description of this form the authors refer to its unusually large size, in which they were correct, but their remark that the fur “differs strikingly in color and luster” from that of the common mole, will not bear the test of actual comparison. The characters which I have given on a preceding page (p. 20) are the only ones which are at all constant, and as these are relative and erade into those of the typical Atlantic Coast form, I follow Dr. Coues* in reducing the species to a subspecies. I make it a synonym of Scalops aquaticus machrinus (Rafinesque). It may be remarked that the figure given in Audubon’s folio Quad- 1 Rafinesque’s description of these two forms in the rare periodical called the Atlantic Journal is as follows: “In 1820 I discovered two new moles in Kentucky; one is rather common, and the substitute of the common mole in the gardens. I call it talpa machrina. The other, talpa sericea, is rather scarce. A specimen was in Clifford’s museum, (1, Talpa machrina, Raf. 1820.—Long-nose mole. Fur thick, brown with grayish shades; nose elongate, depressed, naked, and tuberculate; tail one-sixth of whole length white, squared, naked; feet white. “Total length 7 inches; tail 14, but only three-fourths out of the fur. Body thick, covered with soft silky fur one-half inch long, shorter and woolly on the head; nose almost like a probocis, one-half inch longer than the lower jaw, moveable, base white villose, and naked rubicund; feet naked, the anterior broad, rounded flat, with 5 toes thick and subpalmate or coherent, 5 claws nearly equal, large, convex above, flat beneath; posterior feet more slender, claws sinaller, longer, and narrow. In woods, gardens, and fields, near Lexington, etc. Raises flexuose bur- rows of great length. “Talpa sericea, Raf. 1820.—Silky mole. Fur short, silky, gray, with silvery shades; nose short, obtuse; tail one-fifth of whole length, cylindrical. «Smaller than the first and more slender, only 5 inches long, body 4, and tail 1. Fur very peculiar, and ditterent from other moles, not being reducible to different directions, but imbricate as in other quadrupeds; remainder as in the first sp. Found in woods near Nicholasville and Harrodsburg.” (Atlantic Journal, 1832, =O) 2 Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VIII, pt. 2, 1842, p. 292 (original description. ). 3 Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, 1877, p. 633. Ste Se at ct a A il li le asa aa pi i te no. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 38 rupeds of North America’ does not differ in color from ordin: Ty speci- mens of S. aquaticus from New York. Within recent years three forms of Scalops have been described. These are the S. aquaticus australis of Chapman,’ the S. parvus of Rhoads,’ and the S. tevanus of Dr. J. A. Allen.* Dr. Allen’s species is from the coast of Texas and the other forms are from Florida, I have not been able to determine the relationship of these forms to my entire satisfaction, chiefly owing to a lack of specimens from the southern portion of the Gulf States. Mr. Chapman’s Florida form australis was first described. His diag- nosis includes but two characters, thus: “Similar to Scalops aquaticus, put averaging slightly browner and constantly much smaller.”” Thave examined the type and several other skins and alcoholic speci- mens from the type locality (Gainesville) and other parts of eastern Florida. While the small size of the adults as compared with speci- mens from farther north on the Atlantic Coast is conspicuous, the difference in shade of color is scarcely perceptible. As regards size, I have shown in another place (p. 29) that there is a gradual diminution on the Atlantic Coast from north to south, The skull of australis when first examined, seems very different from the typical form, on account of its small size and delicate structure. Perhaps the most noticeable feature is the form of the coronoid process of the mandible. This presents a real difference from that found in New York and Pennsylvania specimens. In this latter the coronoid is heavy and not strongly uncinate, and has a supplementary mammiform process on the posterior margin below the extremity. In Florida spee- imens the coronoid is slender and strongly uncinate and the second- ary process is wanting. There is, however, a gradation in this charac- ter. In Maryland and Virginia about as many mandibles have the secondary process as are without it, and in the Carolinas it is quite rarely present. From Mr. Chapman’s comparative measurements (though he does not refer to the fact), it would appear that the hind foot is proportionately shorter in australis than in typical aquaticus. Very careful measurements of some alcoholic specimens of adults, however, convince that the reverse is the truth, i.e., that the Florida form has the longer foot relatively, though it is, of course, absolutely shorter. The following table brings out this fact and some others in connection with proportions. I chose the proportion of the head to the tail and foot after many trials, and believe it to be reliable. 1 Plate 150. 2 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., V, 1893, p. 339. 3 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1894, p. 157. 4Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., III, 1891, p. 221. Proc. N. M. vol. xix 34 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. SCALOPS AQUATICUS. Averages and proportions (alcoholics). Rant Hind foot. No. of Head a if | skulls. | Locality. ee Aver- |Propor- Aver- | Propor- Weed age. tion. age. | tion. = | | | mm. mm. | Perct.| mm. | Per cent. Gy ie Gbbh vii eie yer WIR bem toe mertec ceo soemaose 49.2 ole: 63. 4 19.8 | 40.0 | | 9 | District of Columbia and Virginia. ... 45.6 26. 6 aoac 16.5 at a 8 | North Carolina and South Carolina. . - 43.0 24.2 56. 3 15.8 | 36,7 | | Fa AONE CH Sn CERES) tea ate et 40.1 23.4 58. 4 15.1 | 37.7 Some specimens of the subspecies australis exhibit quite strongly the rusty suffusion about the wrists, ete., which, as will presently be shown, is very pronounced in specimens from southern Texas. The Florida australis, as | view the matter, is the extreme so far as the Atlantic Coast is concerned of that diminution in size and increase in delicacy of structure which one finds in passing southward from New York and Pennsylvania. Another Florida form has been recently described by Mr. Rhoads, under the name of Scalops parvus.! Itis based on a single specimen from Tarpon Springs, a locality on the west coast, just north of Tampa. It is in good condition, but the appearance of the skin and the peculiar worn state of the teeth would seem to indicate that the mole had been kept in confinement. The measurements given by Mr. Rhoads are evi- dently a misprint. Of the series of external and cranial characters given by Mr. Rhoads, there are none which are not found in Carolina and central Florida specimens, except the oval shape of the foramen magnum, and this also is approached in some. The peculiar form of the last lower molar would seem to be a strong distinguishing character, but I am satisfied that it is due to the wearing away of the tooth. An examination of a series of specimens from the vicinity of Tampa Bay may confirm the validity of S. parvus, but on the basis of the type alone I am unable to regard it as a distinet species. I have placed it with a query under S. aquaticus australis? A specimen from Orange Hammock, Kissimmee River, De Soto County, Florida, which is a locality nearer to Tampa Bay than any from which specimens have yet been obtained, is like Gainesville speci- mens, but is a little smaller and is also grayer. The foramen magnum is of the usual form. The gray coloration may be due to the fact that the specimen was in alcohol for some three months. The relation of the Florida form to those of the Gulf States is 1Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, p. 157. 27 have examined a skull from Biloxi, Miss. (No. 7268, ale., U.S. N. M.), which may compel me to alter this opinion. It has a very small oval foramen magnum, and the tail in the alcoholic skin is very short. The skull has the remarkable peculharity of having no anterior lower incisors, No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 35 important, because Dr. J. A. Allen has described as different a form said to be from Presidio County, Texas, but probably Aransas County, under the name of WN. teranus.! Dr. Allen first made this a subspecies of “argentatus,” but later established it as a distinct species. The type is, unfortunately, a very much worn and discolored speci- men, which, like the type of S. parvus, presents the appearance of hay- ing been keptin confinement. The description of the color given in the original diagnosis is, therefore, of comparatively little value. A series of winter specimens from Aransas County, belonging to the American Museum, do not differ at all as regards coloration from winter speci- mens from Florida, except in the occasional increased intensity of the rusty orange suffusion on the forehead, wrists, ete. A June specimen from Texas, however, is paler than late spring specimens from Gaines- ville, Florida. None of the skins in the Aransas County series show the degree of pallor found in a September specimen near Santa Rosa, Cameron County. One from Padre Island is also much paler, and this and another from the same place show an extremely strong rusty suffusion. In referring to the Texas form since the publication of the original description, Dr. Allen has not brought forward any additional char- acters, but lays stress? on the rusty suffusion. In this he is entirely justified. No other specimens show this peculiarity as do the Texas ones. On the other hand, however, Florida specimens and others from further north, e. g., from North and South Carolina and Maryland, exhibit it to a greater or less degree. It seems to be a characteristic of adult or old males. The females show it but little and the young not at all.* Langdon remarks on this peculiarity in connection with the sub- species machrinus in Ohio: Specimens showing orange-colored spots or streaks on the ventral surface and about the mouth are of somewhat frequent occurrence. (Journ. Cincinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1880, p. 302.) There is practically no difference in size between teranus and australis, so far as can be judged from the length of the skull. The average total length of 7 adult skulls from Rockport is 30,9 inm., and of 5 adult skulls from Florida, 31 mm. ‘The Texas skulls differ from the Florida ones, however, in a number of details, and to this I shall refer again presently. From the intermediate region I have only two adult skulls for comparison. One from Grand Coteau, Louisiana, has a total length of 32.5 mm., and one from Biloxi, Mississippi (both locali- ties near the coast), 31 mm. Taking the seven specimens of fexanus, in which the skulls have an average total length of 30.9 mm., I find that the hind foot, without the claw (measured on the dry skins), has an average length of 15.4 mm. 1 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., III, 1891, p. 221. 2 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., V, 1893, p. 200. 3 For further remarks on this rusty suffusion see p. 31. 36 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. In the only two specimens of australis which can be used for compari- son (the type and another) the skull is 31 mm. long, and the hind foot has a length of 15mm. and 15.4 mm. respectively. It would seem prob- able from this that there is no appreciable difference in the relative length of the hind foot in these two forms. As somewhat confirming this opinion, I find that the average measurements of eight females of texanus (measured when fresh) recently given by Dr. Allen agree very closely with average measurements of seven fresh specimens (females also) in the National Museum collection from Raleigh, North Carolina. In the former, the hind foot 12.3 per cent of the total length, and in the latter 12.4 per cent. In opposition to these apparently close resemblances in proportions, we find that the tail is much longer in teranus than in australis, being about 18 per cent of the total length in males of the former variety and 13 per cent in the latter. The skull of teranus, as already mentioned differs in some respects from that of australis. Very striking in the former is the enlargement of the muzzle and the massiveness of the coronoid process of the mandible. This process has generally a straight posterior margin in teranus, but a concave one in australis. Further, the molar teeth in fevanus are relatively larger and more nearly square in outline, and the first upper premolar is very small. On account of the large size of the molars, the mandible is heavier and deeper than in the Florida mole. These peculiarities of the teeth and skull appear to me to connect the Texas mole with the large Mississippi Valley machrinus, and I am disposed to regard the form as connected with typical aquaticus through that channel. Whether tevanus is connected also with australis appears to me more uncertain. Specimens from about New Orleans, however, exhibit characters intermediate between australis and texanus. Thus, in specimens from Louisiana and Mississippi, the molar teeth are mod- erately large and the upper premolar is neither very large nor very small. Such specimens as are at hand, however, do not show the rusty suffusion in any striking manner; indeed, not as much so as specimens from Florida, the Carolinas, and elsewhere. The material at command is scarcely sufficient for a determination of the questions at issue, and conjectures in this case will be of little value.' ‘After the foregoing paragraphs were in type I had the opportunity, as already stated, of examining Mr. Bangs’ interesting collection, which contains five speci- mens from Mer Rouge, Louisiana, and an excellent series of adults from Oak Grove, Florida, An examination of the skulls of the Florida series makes it more evident that in cranial characters, as in size, australis very closely resembles teranus, the greater breadth of the muzzle in the latter being perhaps the only difference of any magnitude and constancy. The Louisiana specimens are rather puzzling, but they have the long tail and broad muzzle of tecanus. The skulls are larger than typical teranus, as might be expected. Two skins exhibit the rusty suffusion on the breast very strongly. Three adults, measured when fresh, give average dimensions as follows: Total length, 157.7 mm.; tail, 50 mm.; hind foot, 20.7 mm. Northern Louisiana appears to be a region of intergrades of typical aquaticus from around the southern extremity of the Alleghanies, fevanus from the southwest, and machrinus from the north. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. aa SEASONAL CHANGES OF PELAGE. The winter fur in Scalops is longer and grayer in color than the sum- mer fur. The males of this species in the northern part of the range shed the winter fur in May and the summer fur in October. The females com- monly undergo the changes during the same months, but the process is frequently retarded in spring from causes connected apparently with reproduction. Thus a female from the Central Park, New York (Amer. Mus. Coll., 1610), obtained July 12, presents the worn winter pelage, with the spring pelage concealed beneath it. Another female (Merr. Coll., 2750) from Laurel, Maryland, obtained June 23, has the long winter fur on the middle of the back, while the rump and shoulders are clothed with the shorter fresh spring fur. In still another specimen, an adult female from Washington City (Dept. Agric. Coll., 22858), obtained July 1, though the long winter fur has been shed from the greater part of the back, it still remains on the anterior portion. The time of the spring change appears to vary considerably with the latitude, and specimens from the Northern States begin to shed later in spring than those from the South. A nursing female from Oak Lodge, Florida, in Mr. Bangs’ collection, obtained February 21, has new fur on the lower surfaces, except a narrow band across the abdomen. There is certainly no retardation in this case. A male from the same locality, taken February 26, apparently has new fur on the shoulders. Two fall specimens (males) from Padre Island, Texas, taken November 6 and 9, have not completed the molt. Hence it may be supposed that the fall change is somewhat delayed at the South. The winter fur, as already intimated, is much longer than the sum- mer fur and darker in color. INDIVIDUAL VARIATIONS IN DENTITION AND COLORATION. A considerable pumber of the skulls of Scalops which I have exam- ined possess greater or less abnormalities of dentition. These usually consist in the retention or suppression of teeth which are normally absent or present respectively. One of the most striking of these deviations is the presence of an extra lower premolar in front of the usual ones. In two cases of adult skulls which have come under my observation this tooth is present on both sides, and in another instance on one side only. In one of the skulls this extra tooth is large and prominent, but in the others it is filiform. It is perhaps doubtful whether this should be regarded as an abnormality. In all the quite young skulls which I have examined, this tooth is present usually on both sides of the jaw. I have been unable to detect any milk tooth corresponding to this small extra tooth, but as this would in any case be extremely minute it has probably escaped my scrutiny. It may be remarked further in this connection that many jaws in which this tooth can not be detected exhibit at the point where it should occur a small 38 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. depression or an irregularity of the structure of the bone wh.ch would lead one to suspect that a careful histological study of the region might bring a rudiment of the tooth to light in many instances. The most common cases of suppression of teeth are those in which one or both of the filiform second and third upper incisors are absent. In many cases the absence of these teeth is probably due to ordinary wear, but in other cases they appear to have been absent from the start. — Some eight or nine such cases have come under my observation. A very singular abnormality in a skull from Mississippi (skin No. 7268 N. . M.) is the absence of the first lower incisor on both sides. In fivecasesI — have found the first upper premolar lacking either on one side or on — both sides. None of these abnormalities can be correlated with geographical dis- tribution, but occur sporadically in different parts of the country. In no case where I have been able to examine two or more skulls from one locality have I found the same abnormality repeated.! There is a censiderable amount of abnormality in coloration in the genus, but it may be said that it always takes the form of complete or partial albinism unless the presence of a rusty suffusion may be ee ee a IMENTAL VARIATIONS IN SPECIMENS OF SCALOPS AQUATICUS EXAMINED. A. N.S. P. 3532. Woodville, Alabama. Lacks first upper premolar on each side and also second upper incisor on each side. (Does not differ otherwise, so far as I can see. Head skin has large white blotch under right arm.) D. A. 51886. Lacks I 2 on both sides. Probably fallen out, as teeth are all much worn. N. M. 4853. Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Lacks I 2 on both sides and PM + on left side. There are depressions, however, and the teeth have very probably dropped out. All the teeth much worn. N. M. 1142. Washington, Mississippi. I# very large. (Skull looks narrow.) N. M. 955. Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Has an I 3 on each side. Small, but very distinct. | N. M. 35292. North Carolina. Lacks PM + right side. Evidently deciduous. N. M. 3922. Georgia? Right I 2 and I * and left I 2 wanting. Those of the right side seem to he merely worn down to the gun. The lower jaw has a trace of an I ; on each side in the gum. N. M. 1638. St. Louis, Missouri. Left l12 and I 2 and right I * wanting. All teeth much worn. A. M. 4489. Rockport, Texas. Only a trace of 1* and I ? left side and I * right side. A. M. 4485. Rockpert, Texas. Only a trace of I 2 and I * bothsides. A. M. 895. Raleigh, North Carolina. J 2and I * left side and I 2 right, wanting.. Evidently deciduous, A. M. 1002. Raleigh, North Carolina. Has a small I = on left side. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39 regarded as an abnormality also. I have examined three albino moles of the genus Scalops, one each from Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana. In the Alabama specimen, which is the only well preserved dry skin, the hair is dull white at the base, then a very delicate tint of orange- tawny and cream-white at the tips. On the head and the lower surfaces the orange tint is considerably stronger. A large individual from Ohio has the under surfaces and the head and shoulders pure white, but the white area is irregular and occupies more of the right side than the left. A young specimen from Florida has pure white hair on the left side of the breast and around the wrist and a band of the same color extends over the left shoulder. Several specimens which I have examined have white patches of small extent about the mouth, nose, and feet. CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG MOLES. Though I have never seen fresh specimens of very young moles, I surmise that they must present a very singular appearance. The fur is short and appressed and of a silvery color, and lighter than that of adults. The tail is relatively long, and the claws are long and acutely pointed, especially those of the hind feet. The fore feet are relatively large. D. A. 30419. Highland, Maryland. Left I* and I * wanting. D. A. 33102. Raleigh, North Carolina. Left 1? wanting. D. A. 30426. Washington City. Left and right I * wanting. . A. 57029. Greensboro, Alabama. Wants right PM + and I * on both sides. . M. 1641. St. Louis, Missouri. Has I 2 larger than I ®. . M. 1642. St. Louis, Missouri. Evidently same as preceding on right side; on left I * is entirely lacking, with no trace. . M. 1639. St. Louis, Missouri. Ditto as regards size of 1 3. . M. 35202. Illinois ? Left I 2 deciduous. . M. 35200. Warsaw, Illinois. I? considerably larger than I ?. . M. 35203. Warsaw, Illinois. I2 and I 2 both sides gone. > ===). == i), Pesesel Beaee ofits eeassesae.| GuiksosGmoraciwl4oe lisa 65s)! Oli... Adzlt, or | | less. el b25|| 923)... .. dont. Nahe te opener eal a | 32.5. 27. o| 14.2] 17.0| 15.0] 9.4) 3.5| Adult. | lil)... Nat. Mus ---/"Charleston, SG 2.0.00. 52.2 26.4 134 16-8). 2. 9.0 3.9 Re ! | | | 46 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. Dimensions of skulls of Scalops aquaticus australis. i > | = BH jaa) wea. Catalogue | a 23 (sa elieee S Sa B number. | sie aa FS bs BSS) oR | Collection. Locality. 3 as ale. |S Sih 5 Age 4 ) a ) Si | nD | Rw oo I ais > A a oO Hie AY a ey S| a3] 3 jen eale™ ai4 4) 2 |e |22| 2 (2 |Bssle in | ala ia |e la lo ja |e | | ] | | | mm. mm. mim.| mm. mm.) mm. mm. 1130] 1858) Amer. Mus .| Gainesville, FJa....| 2 | 31.0 25.2) 18.2) 16.4 14.2) 9.6) 3.7) Adult. 3461|..... Bangs .....- Oak Lodge, Fla... -. og | 30.5 26.0) 13.0) 16.4 14.5} 8.8) 4.0) Do. SAGD|E SG See sae WO Seeese tae GOW sae | 31.0 26.0) 13.2) 16.0 14.4) 8.8) 4.0] Do. SHBG | Roe ae: doesn hees2 Dy eee eee 3 | 30.0 25.0] 18.3] 15.8, 13.8] 8.2) 3.8 Do. BAGA coe. doses) <2 |-a-2- OO eae cna steo ee cot | SO) 2525) 130676 9.0) 4.0) Do. BAGO os le ee GO Gese ce laswee dO wesseaees cece do} 31.0 25.8) 13.0] 16.0 -.--- 9.0} 4.0) Do. GAGBIS bcxcihyece: dowees oe GO eee ee ee 3 | 30.5 24.5] 13.0] 16.4 14.5) 9.0) 4.0 Do. 3469]... Fa ee oe dose Bee og | 31.0) 25.0! 13.2) 16.0 14.2} 8.2) 4.0 Do. AUT nee lee ote donee: Widnset OSE es 3 | 30.5 24.8) 12.8] 16.0) 14.0) 9.0) 4.0) Do. SAS Sant es A OO essed oon = dor e-e eee 3’ | 30.6 26.0) 13.2) 16.5) 14.5) 8.5) 4.0 Do. 3467|..... baste Aone ace dg ee ese Q | 30.0 25.0) 13.0 15.5, 13.5) 8.2) 3.8) Do. SIC 5. es | Ps donee |e ree a ee 9 | 30.2 25.5! 13.0] 16.2} 14.4, 9.0] 4.0 Do. 23510 feral Dept. Agric.) | Hypoluxoand Lake |...) 27.8 23.2} 11.3}---.- eee 7.8) 3.2) Do. Worth, Fla. | | 63359).....| Nat. Mus ..-| Orange ‘Hammock, o'| 30.0; 24.2) 12.4] 16.0) 14.0; 9.0] 3.3) Adoless De Soto County, cent. Fla. 1 OH Weise | epee (Vie Sete Biloxi Mass 22-s2— 445-6] ol. Olio: 6) 13. 4; 16.3] 14.1 8.6) 3.7) Do. 36935| 4841'....- do.nt-n ee New Orleans, La...-|..-| 32. 7| a a 16. 14.2) 8.3! 3.8 Youngish. Dimensions of skulls of Scalops aquaticus machrinus. | | imm. mm. a | mm.mm. mm. | mm, 7269|.....| Nat. Mus ...| Fairfield County, |..-|..--- lone Payee eee — (aruis2 sang Ohio. | | 35666 13843)... .- QO meee Madisonville, Ohio.|...| 38.0) 31.2] 16.6) 19.8) 17.2) 11.0]..... | Old. 4264| 3654) Merriam.-.-.| Eubanks, Ky------ Se es6n0 30. 3} 16.1, 18.6) 16. 1| 10. 8 3.8 Youngish. 46496 34411, Dept. Agric.) Big Sandy, Tenn ..| ¢ 38.6 ag 17.0, 20. 5 Tefen 10.8 4,0 Adee or | | | ess 36515121813 Nat. Mus ...| Hamilton, Il ...... | 3 | 39.0) 32.8, 17.6|-20.3) 18.4) 11.4) 4.8) Adult. 2616) 1029)....- doteeeene ‘Alliton slllpe access eee eee | 31.0) 16.4] 18. 9)....- 10.5; 4.2 Do. 15398)... - . ieeaie doisesuee Belleville, Il.....-. |.-.] 86.0} 29.2] 15.6) 19. 0)..-.- 10.4] 3.6 35211/19626)....- doen Warsaw, Ill.-...... O3|(S725|Palb}aee on 1ONG) lial eee me 4.4 Youngishil 35200|.....|...-. does ee dO) es BaP Swe Seba [Te5) See a| oes: [Rome ees Do. 3520:|19616)..... omens ceeee doitecesceceenee 9 | 36.5] a 16.5, 18 a a 10.4) 4.5 ae or | eas 35203 19618 ....- AO se case| Seren doi ti ees saceees 3 | 35.2) 29.0] 15.5] 19.0] 16.4|.....- 4,2 Do. 36555 21871)... -- GOs. ceca dose ees | | 39.8] 33.4)-5..- DONS | He | 10.5 4.0) Adult. 25350 18580| Dept. Agric.| Elk River, Minn--.}._.| 36.2) 30.0, 15.8) 19.3) 16.9 10.6) 4.4 Do. HOT92 ea cslbaeee dome cer |-h oe doa eee Ol ee aueces {hoes irom {i Ae leo eee | eee Tooele s Amer. Mus -} FortSnelling, Minn) 9 | 36.3) 29.5). -... | 18.7), 17.0, 10.5} 4.2) Immature. 43761 31900 Dept. Agric.) Council Blatts, Towa, o& | 36.4) 30.0) 15.7) 18.8) 16.7; 10.5) 4.0) Adult. BA0gT eee ale ees domcay: Onaga, Kans - S125 -) 3727) o2.Gh1 70) -19) 8) litte aile Omran Do. 40407|.....|..-.. dose eee Oise sete eeee eal Sag: 3|eaass | 15.8) 19.5] 17.0) 11.2} 4.5 Do. 2 | eee Sere 2 Tome ete Bismarck, Mo...... Q | 36 4) 30. 3) 15.5) 19.8) 16.5) 10.5) 4.0 Do. 1638, 503 Nat. Mus St. Louis, Mo ....-.|... | 38.5] 32.0) 1'7.5)-20. 8) 18.2}..2..-| 4.1) Old. 1639) 504)..... MO Mec ros | sate doe eee (eet 972, 5. B1e 5) 170ml ONS) ite 4.5, Adult. 1641} 506).--.- dOestees| peer. do. ae [aale as alee | 15.6] 18.7} 16.8] 9.8] 4.0] Do. 1642} 507|--.-- Goren ae. Pee dO) eee eee LoL P Om NG] ae eee 15. 5|-18..6| 16.5} 10.0] 4.4! Do. 36936) 7246)... - COL see. Grand Cotean, La.. -|-: | 34.0} 28. 5) 14. 5 18.0 16. 0) 9.7| 4.0 Do. 2955}. .-.. | Bangs .....- Mer Rouge, Tia oJ | 34.4] 28. 2} 14,3°-17.2) 15.51 9.4) 4.2 Do. BOSG Err alnee, ONCE eee donee | 35.0) 29.0} 15.0} 18.0) 16.0] 9.5) 4.0 Youngish. Don esencle cs GO ee eee do brian J | 34.0 28.0) 15, 0} 17. 0...-. 9.2) 4.0 Adult, or io | Jess. Benita le se -do fe dd. eee |g | 33.0 97.01 14.0] 17.51 15.5] 9.1) 4.2. Adult. 4638434293 Dept. Agric.|...... does eee | 22,0) 26.6] 13.7] 17.0) 15.4] 9.4] 3.0 Do. ¥ HO ees sleoeee doies-k. | Greensboro, Ala...| | 33.0 27.4) 14.2) 17.6 15.0] 9.2) 3.3) Youngish) ST08i|yoees|oe-. aber Seer done a ee Q | 32.4) 27.2) 14.0)..... | 15.0] 9.4] 3.9] Do. 57029 |bawes |e - - dO eee sas nee G0. c2h ec coe nee 1.9 26. 8 18; 417.0}: 3:2 9.0} 3. 9 Do. : No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. AT Dimensions of skulls of Scalops aquaticus texanus, | eee 3 jas |z | mw |es| ./a |22 |8 Catalogue ~ |os| s/o ./8sa/8 number. | _|@ |e8| 3 | Be leas]s Z = Bn my S | yw le a | Collection. Locality. = 2S en| & loa ls = 2 Age Se Sea cer lee eres o.e f ae ele (Sele [S22 32/6 feel A cid sera | ls E) fans ols pe ied |S 1a 3 m | w 2) |S jam | A | x i. ines 7 = _ I nl kee ll "tr = | imm.|mm. mm. mm. mm. mn. mm. 43268 31403) Dept. Agric-| Padre Island, Tex...) | 32.0) 26.8 14.0) 17.4) 15.1 9.7) 3.7 Adult. 43269/31404)....- dome fase ec COMesee se eee een o|3 4 26.4) 13.7) 17.6 15.3 10.0) 4.0 Adult, or | | \ less. 42883/31008)..-.- domme leNear Santa, Rosalie lws0neh2oealec-5.( 1GN6|--5-4|--2-5 [aca Adult. | | Cameron County, | | emer. 43267|31402|....- GOs cones Corpus Christi, Tex.) ¢ me wD) Do. 43534/31664|....- Glo eraeee (tere Olcheeseppeceesede: J | 33 ; as Do. 4485| 5766] Amer. Mus -| Rockport, Tex-.-.-.| ¢ | : 7. 5| 9: Do. 4487) 5768). --.. dowseese llenrepe ovis Bee ees: | ¢ | 3 } 4! 9, Do. 514981... .. Dept. Agric-|----. CORE see oes { 5. C . 5} BS Do. BTa86) 2-85 tae os dove ssa! aoe donee a eeredall 4 . 8] 25. 6| nalelos 9. Do. Bile G5 | Reena ee don sat: eee ie eee ea 22! 25. 4| 7.6] 15.5) 9. Do. BISST| esas. fdr sees: |- ===> Gorm enter =. csosee Q | 30.7] 24. § 6) 16:2) 14.7/ 8.7 Do. 4489 5770 Amer. Mus doys22 22 soce22 == 6 Q | 30.6] 25.0) 13. 3. 6} 14. Sr Ole 328 Do. 4486 5767|.....do...... Weed tae ects FASO) Dee aera etal adel) Beall Barr Do. 4490) Sea): = doze shee ss dow See Recs te | oS | 30.0) 24.7) 13. 0| 16. 4, 15.0) 9.0) 4.2 Do. 4488 5769 ..... dO spears: a nee a eee Q | 29.5} 24.2) 12.8) 16.0).--.. 8.7) 3.7 Do. 51388 .__-- Dept. Aigric-| San Antonio, Tex: |---| 30.5|-- ---|.----|---.- lSceedleguoce | 3.8 Do. | 4323, Merriam? ---| Mason; Lex2:...--5-|-- =| 3. 1] (25:6) 13: 2) 16, 3 Srsos | 9. 2 3.4 adult or | | | ess. 5044 4324 Saat Go seectocilnss es dOrzaiotet = See lage ae | 27. 6| 14.4] 17.8} 15.4 9.8 3.4 5042) 4322 dO} asersal sce GOpe se Ween (eer eeaatee 27.0) 14.1) 17.5) 15.9 .8) 3.3) ‘IT mma- | | _ ture.’’ 30913 23494) Dept. Agric.) Fort Reno, Okla ...) o'| 33.3) 27.4 14.2) 17.2 15.5) 9.3) 3.8) Young. 2740) 3488} Amer. Mus.} Aransas County, |..-|.--.. \eeiser AS ee etoltete=ie | LOMO): 22 | Type, old. | | |e Tex.(2) sf | | | | | * Tooth row. 4 Genus SCAPANUS, Pomel. Scapanus, POMEL, Archiv. Sci. Phys. and Nat., LX, 1848, p. 247. (Based on Scalops townsendi and S. breweri, Bachman.) Body fusiform, depressed. Feet fossorial. Manus very broad, with large os falciforme; palms turned outward; toes not webbed. Muzzle produced; nostrils superior. Tail short, thick, terete, scaly, sparsely clothed with long hair. Auricular orifice and eyes minute. Skull depressed; tympanic bull complete; anterior nares somewhat inclined upward. Palate only slightly prolonged behind the last molar. First upper incisors large. Internal basal cusp of molars narrow and simple. Pelvis with two osseous bridges connecting the sacral vertebrie with the ischium. Dental formula: i, 2; c, +; pm, 4; m, 2; total, 44. This genus is very closely allied to Scalops, from which it differs chiefly in the number and relative size of the teeth. In Scalops the third lower incisor and the lower canine are wanting in the functional dentition and the premolars are but three above and below, while in Scapanus the incisor and canine are present and also four premolars. Bei 48 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. The second and third upper incisors in Scapanus, though small, are not minute as in Scalops. : The nostrils are commonly stated to be “supero-lateral” in Scapanus and superior in Scalops, but I am unable to discern any difference in their position in the two genera; they are superior in both. Since establishing the genus Scapanus, by Pomel, in 1848, both Town- send’s mole and Brewer’s mole have been constantly included in it. The latter species presents very distinct osteological characters, how- ever, and I have separated it under the name of Parascalops. Pomel introduces the genus Scapanus in the following manner:! “9° type [des Talpiens], LEPTORHINIENS, trompe gréle aigué, narines ouvertes pres de V’extrémité.” Genres Hyporyssus ?,° Scalops, Scapanus. Nora.—Ce troisi¢me genre différe des scalops par la position latérale et non supé- rieure de ouverture des narines, et par la formule dentaire comprenant une inter- médiaire supérieure et trois inférieures de plus. Les especes sont: Scapanus Tow- sendii [sic] et Breweri (Scal. Towsendii [sic] et Breweri Bachm.). EXTERNAL CHARACTERS OF THE GENUS. Body fusiform, depressed. Head conical. Snout, nostrils, and lips as in Scalops aquaticus. Kye minute, concealed in the fur but not covered by membrane. Auricular orifice concealed by the fur, circular, about 1.5 mm. in diameter. Fore feet very large, as in Scalops. Palms (with toes) shorter than soles, subcircular, or about as long as broad; naked and pseudo-tuber- cular beiow; sparsely hairy above, with a conspicuous” fringe. Toes scarcely webbed. Claws very large and broad, as in Scalops aquaticus. Hind feet long and narrow. Upper sur- face covered withrather SNOUT OF SCAPANUS TOWNSENDI. sparse long hairs, the Hig: 12; Upper-surfave. Wig. 18; Lower surface: outer of whieh form a fringe around the sides of the soles, which fringe is especially long on the outer side of the heel. Under surface naked, with one prominent tuberele near the middle. Toes scarcely webbed. Claws very long, compressed, curved, acute. Tail thick, terete, tapering toward the extremity, and usually con- (145 times natural size. Archiv. Sci. Phys. & Nat., IX, 1848, p. 247. >The mark of interrogation is Pomel’s. Hyporyssus is a fossil genus from the Ter- tiary of Auvergne, France, No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, 49 stricted at the base; skin scaly, clothed with long, coarse hairs, which are not sufficiently numerous to conceal the skin itself. Fur as in Scalops aquaticus. Color blackish, varying to rich, dark metallic brown and to silvery gray. Under surfaces usually considerably lighter than the back. Hairs plumbeous, with a subterminal whitish, grayish, or rusty ill- defined ring and shining brown, gray or blackish tips. Hairs of the snout white; those of the feet and tail similar, varying to brownish (especially in im- mature individuals). SKULL. The skull of Scapanus townsendi resembles that of i Scalops aquaticus so closelyin a 18: most of its features that I do FORE FOOT OF SCAPANUS TOWNSENDI. zp f iene tii aciere tara risen. wpperetetaes! not think it necessary to de- eae une is oe scribe it in detail, but will point out the characters in which the twoskulls differ most conspicuously, In Scapanus townsendi the interparietal! is large, broad, and strap-shaped, cutting off the parietals transversely be- hind, and causing their pos- tero-lateral border to be much shorter than their posterior border. The supero anterior extremity of the premaxillee is little produced, and hence the anterior nares have the ap- pearance of being directed . somewhat upward. 16. 17. The palate is short, its pro- HIND FOOT oF SCAPANUS TOWNSENDI. longation ,posteriorly, beyond. — 707 ert Ps 1 Upper surtace: the last molar being much less than the diameter of that tooth. It is emarginate be- (Slightly above natural size.) hind and notched. The zygomatic arehes are short | TAIL OF SCAPANUS : r . : a / vownsenn. 20d nearly parallel. They spring anteriorly from .a (Slightly above natural POint about opposite the middle of the last molar, } size.) . . fe ° ° * and are inserted behind considerably within the mar- | gin of the postero-external wing of the squamosal, which latter is ‘Following De Blainville and Wagner, I regard the portion of the occipital bone _ anterior to the rudimentary lambdoidal ridge as representing an interparietal. In none of the skulls of American moles which I have examined, however, even the youngest ones, have I found more than an indication of a separation of the inter- parietal from the occipital. (See De Blainville, Osteographie, 1, Insectivores, p. 4; Wagner, Schreber’s Saiigethiere, IT, p. 106.) Proc. N. M. vol. xix 4 50 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX, bent backward rather than outward. The termination of the triangu- lar coronoid process of the mandible is broadly truncated. The angular process is large and strongly uncinate, TEETH. Dental formula: i, 2; c, 4+; pm, +; m, 3; total, 44. The first upper incisor is large and elongate, with a convex anterior — and flat posterior face and broad cutting edges. The second and third incisors and the canine are subequal, terete, unicuspidate teeth. The first premolar is similar, but decidedly smaller. The second and third premolars are similar; both teeth (especially the third) show a tendency to develop a posterior cusp. The fourth premolar is larger than any tooth that precedes it. The crown is compressed and recurved and has a large lamellar posterior cusp, and a minute internal basal eusp and also usually a rudimentary anterior basal cusp. The molars ere similar to those of Scalops aquati- cus, the internal basal cusp being compressed and simple and not ‘extending across the posterior external cusp. The first lower incisor is shorter than the second (and in Seapanus californicus much smaller). The third incisor is smaller than the second (in Scapanus californicus much smaller). The canine and first, second, and third premolars are subequal and larger. All these teeth are single- rooted and unicuspidate, except the premolars, which tend to form a posterior basal cusp of considerable size. The fourth premolar is larger than the others, with a pronounced posterior basal cusp and a rudi- mentary anterior one. The molars resemble those of Scalops aquaticus. SKELETON. The vertebral formula in this genus is as follows: ¢, 7; d,14; 1,5; s, 6; ea, 13 (or 14). Total,45(or 46). There are seven intervertebral ossicles, of which the anterior one (which is smaller than the rest) is between the penultimate and last dorsal vertebrie, and the last between the posterior lumbar and first saeral. The sternum consists of 5 segments and a very large manubrium, which is as long as the combined segments. The first pair of ribs joins the sternum a little behind the junetion of its intermediate and posterior third. The manubrium is dilated above and moderately grooved, with raised, but only slightly incurved, borders; the keel is not as deep as in Scalops, its greatest depth being less than one-third its length. The clavicles are about two-thirds as loug as broad, deeply notched on the inferior border, aud not pierced by a foramen. The scapula is as in Scalops, but has a prominent tubercle at the distal extremity of the inferior spine. The humerus is a fourth longer than broad. The pelvis is extremely narrow, but the bones of the two sides do i | ; | } | | | No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 51 not meet below the acetabula. The space between the sacral vertebrae and pelvis is closed in above by osseous bridges leaving only two pairs of foramina of moderate size. The femur is a fifth shorter than the tibia. The fibula joins the latter a little above the middle. The os falciforme is large and strap-shaped, only slightly curved and with an oblique proximal articulate surface. Terminal phalanges bifid. KEY TO SPECIES OF SCAPANUS. A. Premolars +. a. Color blackish. Face long; suborbital bridge broad— aa. Size very large (total length, 184 mm. alc.).-.......townsendi (p. 51.) bb. Size very small (total length, 158 mm.).-.....-..---.- orarius (p. 52.) b. Color brown or brownishsilvery. Face short; unicuspidate teeth crowded. Suborbital bridge slender. Size moderate..........-- californicus (p. 52.) B. Premolars }. Colordusky brown. Size very small (total length, 135 mm.). anthonyt (p. 53.) SCAPANUS TOWNSENDI (Bachman). TOWNSEND’S MOLE; OR OREGON MOLE. Scalops canadensis, RICHARDSON, Fauna bor. Amer., pt. 1, 1829,-p. 9. [Not of Desmarest or Harlan. } r Scalops Townsendii, BACHMAN, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, pt. 1, 1839, p. 58; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 1841, p. 41; Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., [V, No. 1, 1842, p. 31; Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, pt. 2, 1842, p- 294. Scalops latimanus, BACHMAN, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., 1V, No. 1, 1842, p. 34. Scapanus Tow[n]sendii, POMEL, Archiy Sci. Phys. & Nat., IX, 1848, p. 247. Scalops melallescens, CASSIN, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 242. (Nomen nudum. ) Scalops wneus, CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 299. Talpa teniata, LECONTE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 327. Size very large. Color blackish. Tail twice as long as the fore foot (without the claws); the latter shorter than the hind foot. Face long (interval between first upper incisor and last premolar equal to length of the three upper molars). Upper unicuspid teeth separated by equal intervals. First lower incisor approaching the second in height. Suborbital bridge broad and pressed close to the side of the skull. Coronoid process of mandible broadly truncated. Dimensions (No. 2212. Fort Steilacoom, Washington. Female. Ale.)— 5 Total length, 184 mm.; head and body, 141 mm.; head, 52.5 mm.; tail vertebre, 39.5 mm.; length of hind foot (without claw), 20.5 mm.; length of fore foot (without claw), 19 mm. Average dimensions of skulls.—Totallength, 41.4 mm.; mastoid breadth, 19.9 mm.; length of palate from outside of incisor, 18.6 mm. Distribution.—Washington and Oregon, between the Cascade Moun- tains and coast range, extending in the extreme northwestern portion of California to Crescent City. "he, REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL, XIX. SCAPANUS ORARIUS, new species. pe COAST MOLE. Similar to S. townsendi, but representing nearly the opposite extreme | as regards size. Head and body not exceeding 128 mm.; color, dark. Skull and teeth as in S. townsendi, and the face long. Dimensions (No, 3480, G. S. Miller. Sumas, British Columbia).—Total length, 158 inm.; tail, 30 mm.; hind foot, 20 mm. Dimensions of skull.—Total length, 32.8 mm.; mastoid breadth, 16 mm.; length of palate from outside of incisor, 14.5 mm. Geographical distribution.—Seacoast of Washington and Oregon, from the Coquille River northward, and along the shores of Puget Sound to Simiahmoo and to Chiloweyuck Depot and Sumas, British Columbia. Fort Walla Walla, Washington. Type.—No. 381, U.S.N.M. Female. Shoalwater Bay, Washington. — August 30, 1855. Dr. J. G. Cooper. ae te SCAPANUS CALIFORNICUS (Ayres). CALIFORNIA MOLE. Scalops californicus, AYRES, Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1855, p. 54. Scapanus dilatus, TRUE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, No. 999, p. 242. Size moderate (with a considerable geographical variation), not reaching that of S. townsendi. Color gray-brown, often pale or more— or less suffused with rust color. Face short (the interval between the — first upper incisor and last premolar equal only to the first and second . upper molars). , Unicuspidate teeth crowded and more unequal in size than in S, town- sendi. First lower incisor very short; second, long and canine-like. Skull delicate; suborbital bridge slender, not pressed in toward the — sides of the skull. Average dimensions (4 fresh specimens from Nicasio. Marin County, California).—Total length, 179 mm.; tail vertebrie, 35 mm. | (No. 12624, U.S.N.M., ale.; Santa Barbara, California, male, adult: ) Total length, 154 mm.; head and body, 121 mm.; head, 45.5 mm.; tail vertebrie, 33.5 mm.; hind foot (without claw), 17 mm.) Average dimensions of skulls (7 adults from Nicasio, California).—_ Total length, 36.3 inm.; length of interval between first upper incisor and last premolar, 5.5 mm.; greatest mastoid breadth, 17.4 mm.; greatest zygomatic breadth, 14.4 mm. (Average dimensions of skulls from Alhambra, San Bernardino, and San Gabriel, southern California: Total length, 32.3 mm.; greatest mastoid breadth, 15.9 mm.) Geographical distribution.—All California west of the coast range— (except the extreme northwestern portion), and the Sierra Nevadas at_ varying altitudes, and east thereof at Owens Lake, Lake City (Modoe County), and Lake Tahoe, California, and fort Klamath, Oregon. | Type locality—San Francisco, California. i. | 4 | | | | | ‘No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 53 SCAPANUS ANTHONYYI, J. A. Allen. ANTHONY’S MOLE. Scapanus anthonyi J. A ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., V, 1893, p. 200. Smaller than the average of specimens of S. californicus from south- ern California, and the color considerably darker. Length, 135 mm.; tail, 26 mm. “Cranial characters.—Similar in general to those of S. torwnsendii, except that the interorbital and rostral portions of the skull are rela- tively broader. The fourth premolar on one side, however, is wanting, and on the other is rudimentary; but this may be abnormal.! Extreme length, 30 mm.; basilar length, 28.5 mm.; least interorbital breadth, 7.6mm.; greatest mastoid breadth, 15.3 mm.; lower jaw, incisive border to condyle, 22.4 mm. “6 Type.—No. $342, 6 ad., San Pedro Martir Mountains (alt. 7,000 Sfeet), May 8, 1893. Coll. A. W. Anthony. “This species is based on a single male specimen, and, although so small, the worn condition of the teeth show it to be an old individual. ‘In general bulk S. anthony? is less than half the size of S. townsendit [read S. californicus| from Nicasio, California.” (Allen.) GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. The distribution of the moles of the genus Scapanus on the Pacific Coast, so far as it may now be known, presents many interesting pecul- jarities. The range of the genus extends from Chiloweyuck Depot in British Columbia just north of the United States boundary to the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. In four instances speci- mens have been taken from east of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada Mountains, namely, at Fort Walla Walla, Washington; Fort Klamath, Oregon; Bijou, on Lake Tahoe, California, and Olancha, on Owens Lake, California.” Otherwise, all the specimens examined as well as those mentioned in the literature are from localities west of the summits of the Cascades and Sierra Nevadas, and south of the latter mountains. The moles are abundant about Puget Sound and in the western valleys of Washington and Oregon, as shown by both specimens and records." They have also established themselves east of the mountains at Fort Walla Walla, where three were obtained by Major C. E. Bendire. Far- ther south they have passed through the mountains to the region of 'T find only three premolars on either side. 71 have recently noticed a specimen in the collection of the Department of Agri- culture from Lake City, Modoc County, California, June 15, 1895. It is of a silvery color and resembles the Shasta County specimens. The furis long and silky, but dull. The skull, which is not adult, is of the following dimensions: Total length, 35 mm.; interval between first incisor and last premolar, 5.8 mm.; mastoid breadth, 15.6 mm. 3““Well known to the farmers and settlers in the valleys of Oregon.” (Aud. & Bach., Quadrupeds, III, p. 219.) 54 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. the Klamath Lakes. Major Bendire obtained three specimens at Fort Klamath. Feilner found moles in this region in 1864. He writes: I have two kinds, one caught on Rogus Creek, with glistening silver-gray fur, and the other on Klamath River, with black fur and velvet-like appearance.! At the junction of the Sierra Nevadas with the coast range at the northern boundary of California the area of distribution appears to divide, one arm following the coast range and covering the country _ toward the ocean, and the other extending southward in the Sierra Nevadas. Ihave examined one specimen from Baird, in Shasta County, one from Fort Crook, and one from Berkeley, on the east side of San Francisco Bay, but from the whole great Sacramento Valley specimens are entirely lacking. Regarding the Sierra Nevadas we have only the testimony of Mr. W. W. Price. This observer obtained a specimen at Red Point, in Placer County (altitude, 4,500 feet), in the tongue of land between the north and middle forks of the American River; but he remarks also: The marks of moles were seen all over the high sierras [of Placer and Eldorado counties], especially about the snow fields on Mount Tallac, but no specimens were taken. South of the Sierra Nevadas there are specimens from Los Angeles, Alhambra, San Gabriel, and the town and peak of San Bernardino, but none from east of the mountains of this region. There are none from San Diego County, but Mr. Stephens notes that the mole is com- mon in damp lands in the county, especially in the mountains.* Thus the range of the genus is carried to the southern boundary of the United States. Beyond we have only one specimen, the type of S. anthonyt from the San Pedro Martir Mountains, 150 miles south of the boundary, in Lower California. The collector, Mr. Thurber, reported that moles were rare.‘ Kast of the Sierras in California, as already stated, specimens have been obtained in only two logalities—Bijou, at the south end of Lake Tahoe, and Olancha, on Owens Lake (elevation 3,700 feet).° I think it probable that the mole follows the mountains westward from the latter locality along the north side of the Mohave Desert to the coast range, and also, perhaps, northward to Lake Tahoe. A specimen recently received from Tehachapi, Kern County, tends to confirm this view, so far as the western extension is concerned, while Mr. Price’s observa- tion (already quoted) is of interest in connection with the northern extension. Of the species recognized in this work, the typical one, S. townsendi, ranges from the northern boundary of the United States over that ‘Smithsonian Report, 1864, p. 424. 2Zoé, 4, 1893, p. 326. ®Stephens, West Amer. Scientist, VII, 1890, p. 39. ‘ Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., V, 1893, p. 200. 5 See footnote, p. 53. a No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 55 portion of Washington and Oregon lying between the Cascade Moun- tains and coast range, and a short distance into California along the coast. The most southerly specimen examined was from Crescent City, Cal. Here the species appears to end, though it may go a little farther south. It shows no disposition to grade into S. californicus, which reaches up toward it. The character of the moles inhab‘ting the area between Crescent City and Cahto remains to be determined, but they will probably prove to be S. californicus. ; On the seacoast of Oregon, from the Coquille River northward, on the coast of Washington, the south shore of the Straits of Fuca, and both sides of Puget Sound, we find another species, S. orarius, dark colored, like S. townsendi, but very small. This lives with 8. torensendi at Steilacoom and probably at other points about Puget Sound. It occurs also at Chiloweyuck and Sumas, British Columbia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES OF SCAPANUS.! . There is a species, as we have said, living at Fort Walla Walla, as evidenced by specimens in the National Museum collection obtained by Major Bendire. But whether it is to be associated with townsendi or orarius is uncertain. The material at command consists only of three youngish individuals in alcohol. The skull of one of these, which exhibits characters of immaturity, is larger than adult orarius from Sumas, but smaller than youngish townsendi. I am inclined to regard it as an offshoot of orarius, but when more specimens have been collected along the Columbia River eastward of the Sierra 1Cross hatching indicates Scapanus ovarius; heavy stippling, S. townsendi; light stippling, S. californicus; and small circle in Lower California, S. anthonyi. 56 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. Nevadas, it may be shown that the mole of this region unites with townsendi, or even that orarius and townsendi merge into each other in this roundabout way. In California, if my views are correct, there is only a single varying species, S. californicus. This occupies the coast country along its en- tire length, except perhaps, the most northerly part near the boundary. - At the south it extends no farther east than the San Bernardino Moun- tains, and follows the higher land up to the southern rampart of the Sacramento Valley. It does not enter the valley, so far as known, but is diverted east and west; one portion of the range, as already stated, covering the coast country east of the coast range, and the other extending along the Sierras, probably throughout the whole range in suitable localities, up to Shasta County (Fort Crook, Baird, ete.), and beyond in Oregon to the Klamath Lake region. The species occurs at Owens Lake and Tahoe Lake, as already stated, both of which are on the eastern slope of the Sierras, but at considerable elevations. South of the Mexican border we have only one species, S. anthonyi, and this is known only from one specimen obtained in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, at an elevation of 7,000 feet. THE SPECIES OF SCAPANUS. On the basis of the specimens examined, I am disposed to recognize four species of Scapanus. The typical species, S. townsendi, is a large dusky mole, with a long face. The color is much darker than is ever attained by Scalops aquaticus and is almost precisely that of Parascalops. The skull is noticeably large and massive, and the bridge of bone limit- ing the suborbital foramen behind is broad and depressed. ‘The lateral unicuspid teeth are large and terete, and form a regular row. They are noticeably more widely separated from one another than in the more southern species. The interval between the first upper incisor and the last premolar exceeds 17 per cent of the total length of the skull, while in the Californian species this interval rarely reaches 16 per cent and is generally about 15 per cent. This character, together with the large size, is sutiicient to separate S. townsendi from the Californian species. In ‘the vicinity of Puget Sound and along the coast of Wash- ington and northern Oregon is a second species, S. orarius, which is also dark colored and long-faced, and presents the cranial characters of S. townsendi, but is at once distinguishable by its very small size. In California we find a third species, which is distinguishable from the other two externally by its lighter color. It has a short face. Itisa rariable species as regards size, reaching almost the proportions of S. townsendi in the northern part of its range and becoming smaller than S. orarius at the South. It is also somewhat variable in color, as will be shown more in detail presently. Townsend’s mole, S. fownsendi, presents very little variation either in size or color. It is as dark, or nearly as dark, at Crescent City, Cal- ifornia, the southern limit of its range, as about Puget Sound, and it no. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 57 shows no tendency toward a diminution in size at that point. The game is the case with S. orarius, if we except the evidence supplied by the Fort Walla Walla specimens. If these specimens represent an offshoot of S. orarius, as I have supposed, it may be shown hereafter that a large form of orarius occupies the western border of the Colum- » bia plains. The California mole, like the Eastern Scalops aquaticus, presents a wide range of variation in size. Along the northern coast we find the maximum. Toward the south there is a gradual falling off, until in the southern counties a minimum is reached. The conditions in the Sierra Nevadas, as far as can be determined from the very few specimens available, are somewhat different. In the Sierras themselves the species appears to maintain a comparatively large size throughout. Specimens from Baird, Fort Crook, and Bijou (Lake Tahoe) are about the same size as the single one from Tehachapi, at the extreme south of the Sierras, while on the other hand they are smaller than specimens from northern localities on the coast. The specimens from Olancha, Owens Lake, elevation 3,700 feet, on the east slope of the Sierras, and considerably north of the ijatitude of Tehachapi, are very small, almost. at the minimum, although the real minimum on the coast is found much farther south. The variation in color in S. californicus, making due allowance for seasonal changes, can not be considered very great. Specimens from Los Angeles County are a little browner than those from the vicinity of San Francisco Bay, and the Owens Lake specimens, are, perhaps, paler. The only very pale specimen, however, is one from the peak of St. Bernardino, which has the fresh winter pelage. This is very silvery, and is comparable to specimens of Scalops aquaticus from Wisconsin. S. anthonyi is the smallest form of Scapanus on the Pacific Coast and is at the point farthest south in the range. The type is an old individual, as stated by Dr. Allen, having the depressed cranium, short interparietal, and worn teeth, indicative of age. It is darker than specimens from various parts of southern Caiifornia, but is about equaled by one from Pacific Grove, Mendocino County. In other respects there does not seem to be any distinetion between S. anthonyi and ordinary California moles. Dr. Allen does not give any other char- acters except one relating to the dentition. The premolars are only three in each side of the upper and lower jaws. If this is constant, if forms a marked characteristic of the species. With only one specimen at hand, however, nothing can be certainly determined. Iam strongly inclined to regard this species as merely an outlying geographical race of S. californicus, but as material from southern Cali- fornia is not so abundant as could be desired, and the species itself is represented only by the type specimen, I have thought best to pre- serve its status as established by the describer. Those naturalists who regard isolation as a guarantee of specific distinctness will probably 58 . REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. continue to call it a ‘species, as ne Sania which it inhabits is cut off from more northerly ones by a considerable extent of arid territory. It is a nice question to decide how great a degree of isolation is suffi- cient to warrant the recognition of a species. No one will doubt, I presume, that the characters which this form presents (with the excep- tion of that relative to the dentition) are a function of humidity and food supply. In 1842 Bachman deseribed a species which he called Scalops latima- nus, basing it in part on a specimen in the Berlin Museum, supposed to be from Mexico, and in part on a second specimen which he received from Texas. What the Texas specimen really was is not discoverable, but in 1864 Peters pointed out that the specimen which Bachman sup- posed to be from Mexico was sent to the museum from Monterey, Cal- ifornia, by Deppe, and was collected in October, 1834, in Santa Clara. Peters seems to have been in doubt as to whether this latter locality was not in Sonora, Mexico, but probably Santa Clara, California, is the place intended. However this may be, the description of the specimen seems to indicate that it must have come from the extreme northern portion of California, or from Oregon. The color and size are not those of the mole of southern California. This being the case, it seems reasonable to regard the species as synonymous with Scapanus townsendi.” Another nominal species is Cassin’s Scalops eneus, based on a speci- men obtained by the United States Exploring Expedition in Oregon. The type skin, No. 3725, is still in the National Museum, but the skull has disappeared. All the remarkable characters of this species, such as black claws, bronze coloration, ete., are unnatural, and suggest the con- clusion (of which I think there can be no question) that the specimen was kept in a copper tank in alcohol which had attacked the walls of the tank, and held copper salts in solution. JI have seen other speci- mens which presented the same appearance, and were known to have suffered from the same cause. Allowance being made for the dis- coloration, the specimen appears to be a youngish individual of typical S. townsendi. (i have given the measurements of the type on p. 64.) Another nominal species is the Talpa teniata of LeConte,’ deseribed in 1853 and based on one of the two typical specimens of S. townsendi, which had an irregular white mark on the belly. This specimen was collected by Townsend on the banks of the Columbia River, May 9, 1835, probably at or near Fort Vancouver, Oregon, which is also the loc: sliey from which the real type of S. townsendi was obtained. The characters employed by LeConte are as follows: Nares superni, cauda brevi parce pilosa. Cinero-nigra, pedibus pallidus, fronte vittaque inferna albis. 1 Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., IV, 1842, p. 34 ; 2 Monatsberichte der k. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1863, (1864), p. 656. 3Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 327. Pe No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 59 The third tooth of the. upper jaw ollie vine re incisor is more SlOneatea than in the true Talpa Townsendii; the posterior cusps of the 7th and &th lower teeth, although distinct, are smaller than in T. townsendii and there is no distinct internal basal margin connected with the cusp. My study of the group leads me to believe that the peculiar coloration is merely an individual variation. The characters ascribed to the teeth could only be considered important if the teeth were unworn. The changes due to use are greater than those here employed for specific differentiation. CHANGE OF PELAGE IN SCAPANUS. The change of pelage in this genus appears to begin on the breast and to extend thence to the head and back and finally to the belly, on which the new hair intrudes both from the breast and the sides. The specimens at command are not sufficient to make entirely plain the dates at which the changes begin and are completed in the several species. In southern Washington and northern Oregon the fall change of S. townsendi, probably begins about the first of October. One speci- men from Tenino, Washington, has the entire new pelage October 19, and I may conelude that, in males at least, the molt ends about this time- In northern Oregon the change has not affected the belly at this date, so that the molt is probably not completed here before the first of November. The dates for S. californicus are probably somewhat later, and in southern California the fall molt probably begins as late as November 1. In a male obtained in Marin County November 23 and a female obtained November 27, the belly still retains the old fur, so that in this part of northern California the fall molt can scarcely be completed until after the 1st of December. In relation to the spring molt, we find the following: A specimen of S. townsendi from Tacoma, Washington, taken in May, has the new fur on the breast and head and along the middle of the back; there are also a number of small irregular patches of new hair on the belly. Of S. californicus, a female from Nicasio, California, captured May 10, a male May 15, another male May 22, and a second female June 26, ail have the appearance of having completed the molt. It is quite proba- ble, however, that they have not yet commenced, as appears from the fact that a female from the same locality, taken May 29, has the new fur developed only on the breast, and is just starting on the head and hinder part of the back. A female from Cazadero, Sonoma County, taken July 5, has shed on the neck, head, and most of the back, but not on the rump, sides, or belly. In this specimen the old and new fur are so closely alike in color except on the breast that the line of demarkation can only be detected by uery close scrutiny. Another specimen (a female ?), taken at Nicasio July 12, still has a small patch of old fur on the sides of the belly, and one foe Gualala, taken July 14 (marked male, but probably female), 60 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL: sme has shed only on the head and breast, but new fur is elsewhere con- cealed under the old. A female from Olancha, Owens Lake, California (altitude 3,700 feet), taken June 12, has new fur on the breast and head and along the middle of the back. In a male from San Bernardino, Cal., captured June 7, the change has gone a little further, involving nearly the entire upper surfaces and the under surfaces as far as the middle of the belly.. It is rather surprising to find that a male from Alhambra, Los Angeles County, California, taken June 21, has not changed at all, the new hair reaching up only to the middle of the old, and this only on the back. INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN SCAPANUS. There are two kinds of variation which may be termed “individual,” one a congenital variation and the other acquired. Of congenital vart- ation, there does not seem a great deal among the Pacific Coast moles. A specimen of S. californicus from Alhambra, California (a male), and one from Cazadero (a female) have a small line or tawny-white mark on the left side of the face. This probably represents incipient albinism, and is congenital. Acquired variations in color arise from staining by secretions, fading, etc. Where these affect the whole body, it is not always easy to deter- mine whether they are accidental or seasonal. When the lower part of the hairs, which are ordinarily pure plumbeous gray, is affected, it may, lL think, be supposed that the alteration is accidental and due to external causes. Thus, three skins of S. californicus from Alhambra, California, exhibit large areas, on the back and elsewhere, of a bright bronzy color, which color affects, to a certain degree, the lower part of the hairs, which are far from being pure gray. A specimen of S. tovn- sendi from Seaton, Oregon, taken October 5, shows a somewhat similar suffusion over nearly the whole body, though it is less conspicuous, as the Oregon moles are very dark-colored. In this instanee the discol- ored fur is old fur, the new fur appearing at its roots. Several specimens small show tufts here and there of fur which is whitish or tawny throughout, as is sometimes seen in Scalops. These spots do not seem to be due to age. The most noticeable individual variations in the skulls are those which affect the teeth. These variations are few in number and consist in reductions of the normal number of teeth. Only four cases of this kind are to be found among the skulls which I have examined. A skull of S. californicus from San Gabriel, California, lacks the first upper pre molar on the right side.!| One from Nicasio lacks the third upper inei- sor on the left side, and another from the same locality lacks the second ‘It is not always possible to determine the proper name of the missing tooth. When a premolar is lacking, for example, the remaining teeth frequently change their normal position, so that no large hiatus is left. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 61 incisor on both sides. A skull from Fort Klamath, Oregon, has no first upper premolar on either side.! i Thave not detected any reduction in the number of mandibular teeth. AGE VARIATIONS IN SCAPANUS. The variations depending on age which are of the most interest are those affecting the shape of the skull and teeth. . Youngish skulls, or those in which the teeth are unworn, have a high, | rounded brain case and smooth surface. The sutures, from the frontals | backward, are open, but these apparently are never obliterated, even in | extreme old age. The facial sutures become closed at a comparatively early age, and are rarely to be distinguished in skulls with worn teeth. _ ‘The sutures at the base of the cranium, on the contrary, close very f early, even before the milk teeth are all shed. As age progresses, while the inferior half of the brain case remains unchanged, the superior half becomes depressed, especially‘in front, where the parietals meet the frontals, so that the frontal sinuses have the appearance of being elevated. 3 The arcuate transverse occipital ridge, which appears to mark the 4 union of the occipital with an interparietal, becomes more pronounced and moves forward, so that the “interparietal” is much narrower than young skulls. This change is very striking and might easily be mis- taken for a specific character. The elliptical capsule which covers the superior vermis of the cerebellum becomes more prominent. All the ridges of the skull are, of course, more strongly developed as age progresses. There is a distinct but low sagittal crest. The pos- tero-external margin of the squamosal is thickened and the surface of the maxille immediately in front of the frontals is depressed. The changes in the form of the teeth are very striking. The unicus- pidate teeth are at first long, slender, and sharp, and (in northern specimens at least) separated by considerable intervals. As they become worn there is an apparent increase in size, so that the intervals between them are nearly or quite closed, and they are short and massive. The small internal and anterior basal cusps of the last upper premolar are usually obliterated, as well as the posterior cusp of the first and second premolars. The changes in the molars are not less striking. Not only are the cusps entirely worn off in age so that the inferior or grinding surface of the teeth is nearly or quite flat, but the shape of the cusps them- selves is altered. The small accessory cusps of the upper molars are obliterated, and the internal basal cusp is worn away not only at the extremity but at the sides, so that it takes a new form and is much narrower in proportion to the whole tooth than in unworn teeth. The lower molars suffer similar changes. In the last molar the 1This is No. 1286, Merr. Coll., the type of my Scapanus dilatus. This species, based chiefly on the absence of the premolar, I now regard as invalid. (See p. 64.) 62 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. posterior lobe, which ordinarily approaches the anterior lobe in size, may be worn to a mere rounded tubercle, connected with anterior lobe by an extremely narrow bridge. It is obvious from these facts that characters drawn from the shape of worn teeth can be of little value in distinguishing species. As regards external characters, it may be said that those individuals in which the hairs of the tail and hind feet are brownish are young, while those which have this hair white are mature or old. Old indi- viduals often have in addition small tufts of entirely white or whitish fur mingled with normal fur; but in some cases this appears to be merely an individual peculiarity, and is not due to age. Very young moles appear to be much lighter and more silvery than the adults. This appearance is heightened by the circumstance that the fur (at least in dry skins) is closely appressed and the surface color is not clouded by intermixture with the dark color of the basal portion of the hairs. SEASONAL DIFFERENCES IN COLOR IN SCAPANUS. Between the fresh winter and summer pelages there is not so much difference in color as might be expected. The winter fur is usually darker and grayer, while the summer fur is paler and has more of a reddish tinge. Worn pelage is pale and faded and often suffused with dull yellowish. There is not,that sharpness of boundary between the brown tips of the hairs and the plumbeous lower portion which exists in new fur. In some instances, however, the old and new fur are so closely alike in color that the boundary between them can only be detected by the closest scrutiny. HISTORY OF THE SPECIES OF SCAPANUS. The occurrence of moles on the Pacific Coast was known to Lewis and Clarke,! whose expedition was undertaken at the beginning of the present century, and perhaps to earlier explorers, but they were first given a place in scientific nomenclature by Richardson, in 1829,’ who called the species ** Scalops canadensis (Cuvier).” Cuvier did not really use this Latin name for any species, but did apply its French equiv- alent, “Sealope du Canada,”* to the Eastern mole, S. aquaticus. Rich- ardson supposed that the two moles were specifically the same, and remarks: The Columbia animal [Scapanus townsendi|] seems to be of larger dimensions, and has a longer tail than the Shrew moles of the United States [Scalops aquaticus] ; but Ihave not detected any other peculiarities by which it might be characterized as a distinct species.* 1See the History of the Expedition of Lewis and Clarke, Paul Allen, editor, IJ, 1814, p. 178. 2 Richardson, Fauna Boreali Americana, Mammalia, 1829, p. 9. 3Reene Antal, Ist ed., I, 1817, p. 135. 4 Richardson, loc. cit., p. 11. Vat nl SEO a At OR Deli eal MNO BHO SNE Se A ate Pipl SP yar ape? eee oe prt no. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63 His description, however, is strictly applicable to Scapanus town- sendi. It would be necessary to use the name canadensis for the northern Pacific Coast mole were it not that other writers applied this latinized form of Cuvier’s appellation at an earlier date to Scalops aquaticus—namely, Desmarest in 1820, and Harlan in 1825, We must, therefore, seek out the next name used for our northern Pacific Coast species, which is Bachman’s Scalops townsendii, estab- lished in 1839.' Bachman had two specimens, one of which was given him by Nuttall and the other he subsequently received from Townsend. The former is the type. Exactly where it was captured is not stated in connection with the original description, but Jater Bachman? re- marked that he believed that it was from the ‘same locality as Town- send’s specimen. The latter was from the ‘“‘*banks of the Columbia River, May 9, 1835.” At this date Nuttall and Townsend were together on the Columbia, at Fort Vancouver, or at Warrior’s Point, about 20 miles down the river, having recently returned from a voyage to the Sandwich Islands. It may be assumed, therefore, that the locality of the type was Fort Vancouver, or the immediate neighborhood. In 1842, when reviewing the genus Scalops, Bachman described another western species,* S. latimanus, basing it on a specimen in the Berlin Museum, which he supposed to have been obtained in Mexico, and one he had received from Texas. Peters afterwards* showed that the specimen supposed to be from Mexico was a Scapanus. I lave considered the species somewhat at length in another place (p. 58), and am disposed to regard it as identical with typical S. torwnsendi. In 1848, Pomel took S. townsend out of the genus Scalops and estab- lished the genus Scapanus for its reception.° Somewhat later, in 1853, Cassin published a description of what appeared to be a very remarkable new species from a specimen, Scalops ceneus, obtained in Oregon by the United States Exploring Expedition.® It appears from an examination of the type, however, that the striking peculiarities of the type specimen are due to its having been kept for a long time in a copper tank.. The skull has disappeared, but there is little reason to doubt that the specimen is only a rather young Scap- anus townsendi. When describing Scapanus townsendi, Bachman had before him, as already stated, two specimens, one of which (Townseud’s specimen) had an irregular white mark on the under side of the body. In 1854, Le Conte, thinking that he detected certain other peculiarities in this specimen, described it anew under the name of Talpa teniata.’ For 1 Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, pt. 1, 1839, p. 58. ? Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., 1V, 1842, p. 32. ° Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., 1V, 1842, p. 34. 4Monatsber. Berlin Akad. fiir 1863 (1864), p. 656. 5 Archiv. Sci. Phys. et Nat., IX, 1848, p. 247. 6Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 299. 7Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 327. 64 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. this course, however, there does not seem to have been sufficient war- rant, and the name should stand as a synonym of S. townsendi. All the names thus far considered are to be regarded as synonyms of S. townsendi, but in 1855 Dr. W. O. Ayres described the mole which is found in the neighborhood of San Francisco, California, under the nameof Scalops californicus.! This is asmaller and paler form than the typical Oregon mole, and is recognized as a distinct species, 8. califor- nicus, in this work. Whether a type specimen was preserved is uncer- tain, but about 1856 Dr. Ayres sent two specimens to the National Museum from San Francisco,? which may be regarded as typical. Dr. J. A. Allen established a species under the name of Scapanus anthonyi, in 1893, from’a specimen obtained in the San Pedro Martir Mountains of Lower California. ° The type remains unique, and until more specimens are collected from the same and other neighboring localities the relationships of the species can not be fully determined. In 1894 I described, under the name of S. dilatus,* a supposed new species, characterized, like S. anthonyi, by the possession of one less upper premolar than the usual number, and some other minor features. This species was based on a skeleton from Fort Klamath, Oregon, belonging to Dr. C. H. Merriam. Afterwards, Dr. Merriam sent me two other specimens in alcohol, from the same locality. ‘These had the normal number of premolars. Such being the case, I am disposed to regard the other characters given in the diagnosis as individual rather than specific, and to associate the Fort Klamath mole with S, californicus. DESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE SPECIMEN OF SCALOPS ASNEUS, CASSIN. No. 3725, U.S.N.M., Oregon, U. 8. Explor. Exped. The type is a skin without a skull. Itisin a good state of preserva- tion except for its discoloration from immersion in impure alcohol. From its small size and long claws, it may be judged to be a young individual. It measures as follows: mm. ene th! of head and body. 2222. soc oe eso se eee eee see hee eee ee eee 115.0 Wenpthrof tail\co.27 52. so 2. eae BS ee eee ee ee ee oe eee 30.5 Lene th of fore foot (without claws)).s22-:- 5225-2 = peas ee = eee 14.0 Hength:of longest foreclaw «=. 2.:4-.2-2.422e-2iss) BeBe ee ee 10.0 hensthyot hind: foot (without! claw )) 2252 32.52 ee ee el ree eee 21.5 WMencth of longest: hind) Claw soc 226 reo set a ete te ee eer ee 4,5 REMARKS OF PROFESSOR PETERS ON THE TYPE SPECIMEN OF SCALOPS LATIMANUS, BACHMAN. “6, Scalops latimanus Bachmann=NSc. Townsendi Bachman, Baird. “Diese Art ist von Bachmann nach einem Exemplar des Berliner —— 1Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1855, p. 54. 2Skeleton, No, 3111; alcoholic, No. 2673. The latter is mentioned by Baird. 3 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. History, V. 1893, p. 200. 4Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 17, p. 242. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 65 Museums aufgestellt worden, welches von Deppe angeblich aus Mexico eingesandt worden wiire. Das einzige Exemplar der Gattung Scalops, welches sich aber aus der Deppe’schen Sammlung im Berliner Museum (No. 712) befunden hat und befindet und welches, da ich es als ‘Se. lati- manus Bachmann’ bezeichnet vorfand, ohne Zweifel das Originalexem- plar der Bachmann’schen Artist, stammt nicht aus Mexico, sondern ist, wie aus dem Eingangsjournal der Deppe’schen Sammlung hervorgeht, aus Monterey in Californien eingesandt und im October 1854 in Sta. Clara (Sonora?) gesammelt worden. Es gehért dieses Exemplar auch nicht zu der eigentlichen Gattung Scalops, sondern zu Scapanus Baird mit 44 Zahnen und stimmt nicht allein nach Baird’s genaner Beschreibung, sondern auch nach Vergleichung mit einem zweiten Exemplar, welches wir Hrn. Dr. F. Jagor aus Californien verdanken, durchaus mit Se. Townsendi tiberein. Es muss daher der Sc. latimanus aus der Liste der Siugethiere gestrichen werden.”! DESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE SPECIMEN OF SCAPANUS ANTHONYI, J. A. ALLEN. No. $392. Male. San Pedro Martir Mt., L. Cal. (altitude 7,000 ft., May 8, 1893). Collection of American Museum of Natural History. This specimen is a well-prepared skin accompanied by a skull. The fur is rather dark and fresh-looking, giving the impression that it is the new summer pelage. The skull has but three premolars above and below. The first premolar is apparently the one missing. Whether this difference is merely an individual peculiarity can not, of course, be determined until more specimens shall have been collected. The teeth are much worn, and the contour of the skull indicates that it is mature or old. The dimensions of the skull are as follows: mm, meme year See ee aoe eis Se DL ae Gece e anos essa nl cee est sees tsb lees 30. 0 asians en Ort hipaa eer erat, ats Seat crore men tee ee MOUS Valea erg ee 8 OA taal ERGs enor Wesmera mmr Reena ers ae Bons aoe ete Seen! caeln Base oee Nose cule bole 13.5 MicstoLdpsbne ad thse te se a eee etre hake sn SUES Cer eee 0 eel Dasa DOMCOMIADLCE TCA be oot sem erat ena as Sonne ce es dcinsie ces ose macs cece cel- hens 12.8 HE Ct ale Oa Cicer ps sein pe ee ee ree eters Hae S/o ae Sena eee Se ee 8.8 Breadunebetw,eonrl2 and) PMiss 46 te se a. Saat ioe sce eos cee ewewes saeeccoeoteet 4.6 {! Translation. } “6, Soalops latimanus Bachman=Sce. Townsendi Bachman, Baird. “This species was based by Bachman on a specimen in the Berlin Museum which had been forwarded by Deppe nominally from Mexico. The only specimen of the genus Scalops, however, from Deppe’s collection which has been and is in the Berlin Museum, No. 712 (and which, as I found it marked as ‘Se. latimanus Bachmann,’ is doubtless the original specimen of Bachman’s species), did not originate from Mex- ico, but was, as appears from the entry journal of Deppe’s collection, transmitted from Monterey in California, and was collected in Santa Clara (Sonora?) in October, 1834. This specimen does not belong to the genus Scalops proper, but to Scapanus Baird, with 44 teeth, and agrees, not only according to Baird’s exact description, but also according to a comparison with a second specimen from California, which we owe to Dr. F. Jagor, entirely with Se. Townsendi. Hence the Sc. latimanus must be stricken out of the list of mammals.” (Monatsher. K, Akad, Wissensch. Berlin, 1863, p. 656.) Proc. N. M. vol. xix 5 66 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. The skin as now preserved has the following dimensions: mm. otal length 2% 2-22 cede emot tee pce eee ne eee wim menor ere 124.0 uength of Gail << << <2 - << oo ctw ete nw is i= Pe wien ne 28.5 BreatlinVOog fOle cOOb soe] cece. = cece ie eee oe cee ee a eterna tre Pera 1275 Length of fore foot (without claw)..----.-.------------------- +222 2-2-2522 12.0 Length of hind foot (without claw). ..-.---.-.----------------+-+-+-+-2e-++-- 15.5 Dimensions of skulls of Scapanus orarius. rs z a By Catalogue rl a ei number. aa Ole a tileere fo oe B/S |2a | | \2 |e) 4/¢)/2 1/83 Collection. Locality. .| 4 | aw z z, oe Age Skull. Skin, lela leel2] eis |g KUL. 3 5 Ss ° 5 = 2 = ae \2| 3 |s4|/2/2|8 Es a) Nae aol ees anes 4 | oO S H # | Ea Bee | letee | else gleoe laces | mm. mm. MIM.\ WINN.) MIN. lnm. mm. \ 5208, 4555) Merriam.-..| Port Townsend, |...) 33.0) 27.2 14.4).--.- 12.6) 9.2) 5.8) Youngish. Wash. | Miller 22s Sumas, British Co- | lumbia. 43329 31464 Dept. pane Steilacoom, Wash..| ~ | 32.6) 26.6 14.1) 16.0 13.0 9. 5) 5: 6) Adult. 22650). - - -- Nat. Mus -..| Myrtle Point, Oreg.| 9 | 33.7) 27.6 14.6] 16.5) 12.6) 9.5) 6. 0) Youngish. 36937/15065, Nat. Mus ...| Fort Walla Walla, .-.| 32,8] 26.8) 14.4] 16.0) 13.0) 9.8) 5.2) Do. | Wash. | Dimensions of skulls of Scapanus townsendi. | | mm.| | mm. hei mm. mm. mm.) mm. 6894'..... Nat. Mus...| Simiahmoo, Wash..|...| 40. cs .| 18.7] 19.2] 15.3] 10.7] 7.1) Adult. 42810 30918] Dept. Agric.| Sauk, Wash ......- »..| 41.2} 35.0) 18.2 19.6] 15.4| 11.6] 7.4 Do. 43332 31467]....- ogeeemes Tenino, Wash .-.--. Q | 41.2) 34.0) 18.7) 19.2) 16.0) 11.3) 7.1) Oldish. 43330 31465)... -- Rea iiotel ree Onsen coeniase oS | 41.4 34.5) 19.0) 19.1) 16 0} 11.8) 7.5) Adult. 43331 31466). .-.- Goree--| Kort:Crook;, Cal. .5.|-2-)) 33858! 27.5)... - | 16.9 14.0) 10.0} 5.4) Youngish. 36886 14475)... doe trou: Baird. Cale ..2-0022 0. Weak eas 1504) 16. 9/5 2225! 95] 7558 Do. BSI 86| eae « Merriam....| Fort Klamath, Oreg|-.. oe 28.4) 15.0) 17 0) 0) 10.6) 5.6) Adult. | | | | | | | | | *Type of S. dilatus. Dimensions of type skull of Scapanus anthonyi. | | | jmm. mm. mm. mMn.| mm | mm.) mm, | 4947 | 6313! Amer. Mus.| San Pedro Martir.| ¢ | 30.0) 24.7) 13.5 15.7) 12.8) 8.8} 4.6) Adult. Mountains, Low- | | | er California. | | | Genus PARASCALOPS, True. Parascalops, TRUE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, p. 242. (Type: Scalops breweri, Bachman.) Body fusiform. Head conical. Nostrils lateral. Fore feet very broad, talpoid. Tail thick and hairy. Eyes minute. Auricular orifice large. Skull depressed; tympanic bulle annular. Molars witha broad, trilobed internal basal lobe. Pelvis with no osseous bridges connecting the sacrum with the ischium. Dental formula: i, 3; c,+; pm, 4; m, 3; total, 44. From a detailed comparison of the skeletons of Scalops aquaticus, Scapanus townsendi, and Scapanus breweri (or americanus) I arrived at the conclusion that the last two can not properly be included in the Same genus, and that Townsend’s mole really has a much closer aflinity 68 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIx. with S. aquaticus than with S. breweri. In an earlier paper I separated Brewer’s mole under the generic name of Parascalops.' The characters which I rely on in making this redivision are to be found in the pelvis, the tympanic bull, and the teeth. Upon com- paring the pelvis of the three species mentioned, it will be observed that in Scalops aquaticus and Scapanus townsendi the lateral processes of the sacral vertebree have united with the ischium in two places, the first opposite the acetabulum and the second more posteriorly. In front of the first bridge on either side is a large oval vacuity or foramen. In addition the spines of the sacral vertebrae in these two species are completely anchylosed together, forming one continuous ridge of bone (as Shown in fig. 1). Turning to Parascalops breweri we find that the sacral vertebre have no osseous connection with the pelvis posterior to the acetabula, and further that the neural spines, though connected at their extremities by a continuous bar of bone, have vacuities between them, so that the several vertebrie are readily distinguishable. In Scalops aquaticus and Scapanus townsendi the tympanic bulle are complete, and end externally in a small but well-formed bony meatus. Quite different conditions obtain in Parascalops breweri, in which the bull are irregularly annular and do not conceal the tympanum or form a meatus. Finally, in Scalops aquaticus and Scapanus townsendi the crowns of the molar teeth consist of two large V-shaped external cusps, with a simple internal basal projection surrounding the internal edge of the anterior one. In P. breweri the basal projection is trilobed and bounds the inner edge of both external cusps. On the basis of these characters alone it would be necessary to unite S. aquaticus and S. townsendi in the same genus Scalops.? But the dental formula of S. aquaticus (together with the relative size and posi- tion of the teeth) differs from that of Scapanus townsendi, and the genus should be retained. PARASCALOPS BREWERI (Bachman). BREWER’S MOLE; OR HAIRY-TAILED MOLE. Scalops breweri, BACHMAN, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., IV, 1842, p. 32. Scapanus breweri, POMEL, Arch. Sci. Phys. et Nat., IX, 1848, p. 247. Scapanus americanus, COUES, Amer. Nat., XIII, 1879, p. 189. Parascalops breweri, TRUE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, p. 242. Size moderate (average length about 177 mm.). Snout acute; nostrils lateral, crescentic. Auricular orifice large, about 3.5 mm. in diameter. 1Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, p. 242. * See the statement of Flower and Lydekker: ‘‘ The right [of Scapanus] to generic distinction is doubtful.” (Mammals, p. 630.) . No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 69 Tail short, very thick, blunt, densely hairy and constricted at the base. Toes not webbed. Color dusky brown, paler and grayer below. Hairs of the feet, tail, and snout brown, changing with age to white. Average dimensions (10 adults from Magnetic City, North Carolina) : Length of head and body, 146.9 mm.; tail vertebrie, 30 mm.; hind foot, 19 mm. Average dimension of skull (20 adults): Total length, 32.2 mm.; mastoid breadth, 14.7 mm.; length of superior tooth row, 13.6 mm. DESCRIPTION. Body fusiform. Legs enveloped in the integuments nearly to the wrists and ankles. Head depressed and triangular, produced into a conical snout. Snout extending about 9 mm. beyond the incisor teeth; SNOUT OF PARASCALOPS BREWERI. Fig. 19, Upper surface. Fig. 20, Lower surface, Fig. 21, Side view. 145 times natural size. ) naked above, furnished on the sides with warts, of which there are three or four on each side of the median line. Mystacial bristles promi- nent, the extremities of the longest extending to a point between the eyes and auricular orifice. Nostrils terminal, suberescentic, situated on the sides of a fleshy, granular pad. Upper lip thin and ridge-like, as in Scalops aquaticus ; emarginate in front and joined to a narrow, trian- gular, naked area, which runs the length of the snoutinferiorly. The median line of the lower jaw also SS naked. AAS Front feet very broad, depressed ; 29, at their len gth (without the claws) FORE FOOT OF PARASCALOPS BREWERI. about equal to their breadth. Fig. 22, Upper surface. Fig. 23, Lower surface. (114 times natural size.) Upper surface sparsely covered with rather long hairs, which form a prominent fringe posteriorly; the last joint of the digits naked. Inferior surface naked throughout and granular. Toes very short, subequal, not webbed. Second, third, and 70 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. fourth claws subequal and longest; first and fifth, equal and much shorter. Claws long, thick, blunt; convex above, flat or concave below. Hind feet narrow, about three times as long as broad; their length exceeding that of the fore feet. Upper surface hairy; sole obtusely granular, with one well-defined tubercle about in the middle of their length. Toes short, subequal, the first and fifth much farther back than the other three and with shorter claws. Claws compressed and pointed. Tail two-thirds the length of the head, thick, cylindrical, con- stricted at the base and well clothed with long hairs, which nearly conceal the skin. 5 HIND FOOT OF PARASCALOPS Eyes concealed in the fur, EL minute, and covered by mem. Fig, 24, Lowersurface. Fig.25, Upper brane. No external ear; audi- aes tory orifice comparatively large. (about 3.5 mm. long); much larger than in Scalops aquaticus; oblong, with the long axis directed ob- liquely downward anteriorly. Character of the fur as in Scalops aquaticus. Gen- eral color dark brown, with grayish and silvery reflec- TAIL oF pARAscatorps tions; darker and browner tkan in Scalops aquaticus. EE Under surfaces a little lighter than the upper sur- pie faces. Tail, backs of feet, and base of snout dark brown, changing with age to mingled brown and white, and finally to pure white. Claws, pale. Young, silvery gray, with dusky feet and tail. Adult males with a more or less pronounced rusty suffusion around the wrists and at the extremity of the lower jaw. (144 times natural size. ) SKULL. Skull depressed and conical. Occipital broad, we)l advanced on the upper surface of the skull. Parietal very large and broad, triangular, more or less acute anteriorly. Frontals convex, narrowed anteriorly, and extending a considerable distance along the nasals, but not joining the premaxille; their lateral extensions form almost the entire anterior part of the orbital region. Nasals elongated, wedge-shaped; their pos- terior half extending backward between the frontals, almost to the parietals; anterior extremities obliquely truncated and overlaid by the premaxillee so as to appear very narrow in adult skulls. Lachrymal linear. Palatal surface of maxille concave, with a sagittal median groove. Palate emarginate behind, terminating opposite the last molar. Pterygoid process small. Basisphenoid inflated. Tympanies annu- lar. Zygomatic arch slender, directed obliquely upward posteriorly. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 71 Infraorbital foramen large, bounded posteriorly by a very slight bar of bone. Lachrymal foramen large, situated in front of and above the infraorbital. Horizontalramus of mandible curved upward anteriorly and downward posteriorly. Coronoid process quadrate, with straight posterior margin. Angle similar but smaller. TEETH. Dental formula: i, 2; c,+; pm, 4; m, $; total, 44. First superior incisor very large, broad, and flattish; somewhat inclined inward and connivent at the inner angle, notched in the mid- dle and furnished with a small but distinct external accessory cusp. Second and third incisors, canine, and first and second premolars simple, conical, slightly curved, and compressed. Third premolar simi- lar, but with a small compressed posterior accessory cusp. The canine is the largest of these simple teeth and the first premolar the smallest; the second and third premolars are successively larger. The second and third incisors are similar, but the third is larger than the second. The fourth premolar is large, triangular, compressed, with a small anterior accessory cusp, a posterior trenchant margin terminating in a basal tubercle, and an internal basal cusp, or heel, which is bifid. The first molar is largest, the second intermediate, and the third smallest. They are furnished with large W-shaped external cusps as in the other genera and a prominent internal basal ledge, which is trilobed (or quadrilobed in the first molar). In the last molar the posterior por- tion of the external cusp is aborted. The first lower incisor is similar to the upper one but smaller. The six succeeding teeth—namely, the second and third incisors, the canine, and the first, second, and third premolars—are simple and conical, All are subequal except the second incisor, which is larger and canine-like with an anterior trenchant margin. The premolars have obsolete basal tubereles. The fourth premolar is similar to the others, but furnished with more conspicuous anterior and posterior tubercles and a similar internal one. The first and second molars are equal in size and the third about one-third smaller. The are W-shaped in transverse section. The internal cusps are very prominent. The first molar has a distinct postero-internal basal tubercle, and the second molar similar tubercles both anteriorly and posteriorly. The anterior internal cusp of the first molar is bilobed. SKELETON. The vertebral formula of Parascalops breweri, as determined from a skeleton in the National Museum collection, and two others in the collection of Dr. Merriam, is as follows: ec, 7; d, 13; 1, 6; s, 6; ca, 13; total, 45. The last caudal is rudimentary. There are eight intervertebral ossicles, the most antericr of which is io REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. between the last two dors al vertebre, and the most posterior between the last lumbar and first sacral. The sternum comprises 6 segments including the manubrium. The latter is as long as the remaining segments combined, and has the facets for the first pair of ribs at the beginning of its posterior third. The keel is broad, especially anteriorly. The upper surface is broad in front of the ribs, and furnished with a median crest. The humerus is about one-third longer than broad, while the clavicle is equally as long as broad. The bones of the pelvis are approximated under the acetabula, but those of the two sides do not meet. The pubic bones are widely diver- gent posteriorly. The iliac bones are completely fused with the sacral vertebrie above, leaving only two small foramina on each side. The last sacral vertebra has a short broad transverse process (as in Condy- lura), which does not touch the pelvis. In the manus the os falciforme is short and very broad at the base. Its distal end rests against the proximal end of the first metacarpal. The terminal phalanges are irregularly bifid. Tibia one-sixth longer than the femur; the fibula uniting with it slightly above its middle point. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. On the basis of the specimens and records examined, the range of the species may be stated to extend from the mountains of North Caro- lina and West Virginia and southeastern Ohio in a northeasterly diree- tion across Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and the New England States to New Brunswick. The northwestern boundary skirts Lake Erie and Lake Ontario and follows thence the St. Lawrence River to Quebec and perhaps to the ocean; but for want of definite records as regards New Brunswick, it must be deflected southward to follow the eastern boundary of Maine, with a slight inclination outward at Passa- maquoddy Bay to include Charlotte County, New Brunswick. The specimens examined are, with two exceptions, all from localities within the following boundaries: Beginning at Cleveland, Ohio, the line skirts the southern shore of Lake Erie and of Lake Ontario to a point near the exit of the St. Lawrence River; thence it passes across New York to Lake George; thence across extreme western Massachu- setts to northwestern Connecticut; thence in a southwesterly direction across Pennsylvania to the vicinity of Pittsburg; and thence to the starting point, Cleveland, Ohio. The two outlying points from which specimens have been examined are Quebec, Canada, and Magnetic City, North Carolina, at the foot of Roan Mountain. From the records the range, as indicated above from specimens, receives large extensions, chiefly toward the northeast. The North Carolina locality is connected with the main area through the record of Audubon and Bachman. Theyreport having seen one near Red Sulphur no. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 73 Springs, West Virginia, and obtained specimens in western Virginia.! Mr. Bangs’s collection contains several specimens from White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. To the west, the next records which I have found are those of Langdon” and Brayton,’ who report that a specimen was taken at Rome, in Adams County, Ohio, and that the species is not rare in that locality. Mr. E. W. Vickers sent a specimen to the National Museum from Ells- worth, Ohio, and stated in a letter to me that he had also taken the species at Berea and Canton. He remarks: This mole seems to take the place of the common mole, S. aquaticus or S. argen- tatus, in the localities where I have lived—viz, Canton, Berea, and Elsworth—for I have never taken a specimen of these species. Dr. J. A. Allen mentions a specimen from Hollidaysburg, Pennsyl- vania, which is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. This locality is in Blair County, in the mountains near Altoona. There are no records of the occurrence of the species in eastern Pennsylvania, but Dr. Abbott mentioned it in 1868 among the mammals of New Jersey. He remarks that it “is much less abun- dant than the preceding | Scalops aquaticus], to which it bears a great resemblance.*” No specimens are referred to, and I know of none from the State in any museum. It would seem, therefore, that the occurrence of the — species in New Jersey requires confirmation. All the New York specimens examined were from Lewis and Oneida counties, in the northwestern part of the State, but Bachman had 4 specimens from Troy, Rensselaer County.? Baird remarks that the species “is in reality very abundantly to be met with in the northern part of the State, and apparently to the exclusion of the more southern species with white naked tail, S. aquaticus.”° No specimens have been taken in any part of southern or southeastern New York, so far as I am aware. The type of the species came from Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, and Dr. J. A. Allen mentions a specimen from Warwick, Franklin County, as being in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.?. Dr. Coues records its occurrence at Somerset, in Bristol County.® If there are any records of the occurrence of the species in Vermont or New Hampshire, they are unknown to me, but it is very probable that this mole is found there. I have examined no specimens from Maine and know of but one 1'Quadrupeds of North Amer., II, 1851, p. 175. 2?Ohio Geol. Surv. Rept., IV, 1882, p. 93, 94. 3 Journ. Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist., III, 1880, p. 302. 4Geol. Surv. of New Jersey, 1868, p. 752. 5 Aud. & Bach., Quad. of North Amer., II, p. 175. 6 Fifteenth Rept. N. Y. State Cabinet of Nat. Hist., 1862, Appendix A. 7Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., I, No. 8, 1869, p. 222. 8 Amer. Nat., XIV, 1880, p. 53. 74 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. mention of its occurrence in the State. This was at Upton, in Oxford County, near the western boundary.! It probably occurs, however, génerally in the State. Two writers affirm the existence of the species in New Brunswieck— Tyrrell,? who mentions no localities, and Chamberlain,’ who states one specimen was taken in Charlotte County in the extreme southwestern part of the Province. VARIATION. In the small series at hand, in which the majority of the specimens are from Locust Grove, Lewis County, New York, Ravenna, Ohio, and Magnetic City (foot of Roan Mountain), North Carolina, no appreciable geographical variation of color or size can be detected. A specimen GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PARASCALOPS. from Quebec is not different from the others, except that it is a little duller in color and browner, probably due to its having been in the collection for a long time. There is, however, considerable variation with age. The feet, tail, and base of snout, which are dark brown in young individuals, become progressively more hoary with increasing age and are eventually pure white. In all the specimens in which the tail is hoary, the teeth are more or less worn, and sometimes very greatly. The specimen which shows this albinism most strongly (No. 510, Merr. Coll., Locust Grove, New York), has stronger ridges on the skull than any other in the series. ‘In Museum of Comp. Zoology. See J. A. Allen. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., I, No. 8, 1869, p. 222. * Proc. Canad. Inst., 3 ser, VI, 1888, p. 89. * Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunswick, X, 1892, p. 32. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. TD This specimen presents 4 a very eenne= = appearance, as it has the tail entirely white, whitish feet, and a white band around the base of the snout, while the body is of the usual dusky color. The specimens from North Carolina exhibit this hoariness less strongly, but few of them show indications of age. The individuals from Ohio show the variation no less than the others, so that it is quite certain that the change is not local. Many adult males show arusty color on the under surfaces, especially on the breast and throat, and also around the wrists. These specimens remind one of the series of Scalops aquaticus teranus from Rockport, Aransas County, Texas, in which a similar suffusion is strongly pro- nounced. The white spots in the fur, mentioned by Professor Baird,! are to be found on the older individuals. Of the thirty-two skins from Magnetic City, North Carolina, three have small areas of pure white hair on the breast. Two of these speci- mens are females and the third a male. This last has a longitudinal white mark on the median line of the muzzle, which ends abruptly in a small orange-colored spot; the white on the breast in this instance is followed by an area of dull orange-brown; in fact, the base of the hair all around the white area is of this color. MOLTING, I have been able to make out very little regarding the shedding of the fur in this species from the series of about fifty specimens at com- mand. Only three specimens show indications of shedding, and the condition of the fur in these three is puzzling. In one (No. 66297, D. A., male), obtained at Magnetic City, North Caro- lina, March 26, 1894, the new fur covers the under surfaces of the animal completely, while on the upper side of the body the new fur is starting on the posterior half of the back, but is still concealed in the old fur. In the second specimen (No. 66298, D. A., male), obtained at the same locality as the first about a month later, namely, on April 24, the new fur has attained about half its full length over the whole of the lower surfaces and on the posterior half of the back, but it is still everywhere concealed by the old fur. The third specimen (No. 53823, D. A., male), obtained at the same locality as the last, about three weeks later, but in the preceding year (May 16, 1893), shows only a very small patch of new hair on the crown of the head, and there is a small amount of concealed new hair immediately around this area. There is besides a band of new hair visible on the breast; elsewhere the old hair still prevails. As the specimens are all males, it is diffieult to understand why the one taken latest shows the least advance toward a change. As regards this one, since it was taken in a different year from the other two, it may be supposed that the spring that year was less advanced than in 1Mammals of North America, p. 68. 76 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. 1894, but this will not affect the two taken in the latter year. More specimens will be needed before the exact dates of multing can be ascertained.! HISTORY OF PARASCALOPS BREWERI. This species was first made known by Bachman in 1842,’ under the name of Scalops breweri. Afterwards, in 1848, if was transferred by Pomel® to his genus Scapanus and two years ago I made it the type of a separate genus, which I named Parascalops.* In 1879, Dr. Coues recommended the use of the name Scapanus ameri- canus® for the species, on the ground that Harlan, in his Fauna Ameri- vana,® published in 1825, employed at the head of a description, which he (Dr. Coues) thought applicable to the present species, the name “ Talpa americana,” derived froma manuseript of William Barton. This view is untenable, however, because Harlan’s description is wholly a translation, word for word and paragraph for paragraph, of Desma- rest’s description of Talpa europea,’ with only a word or a sentence here and there omitted. Even the measurements are included. It is evident, therefore, that Harlan copied nothing from Barton’s manu- seript, and that the latter’s name is a nomen nudum. In support of his position Dr. Coues cites the remark of Audubon and Bachman that ‘‘ Harlan had described the skull of the species we have since described and figured as Scalops brewerti, having forty-four teeth.”® These authors were deceived, however, for Harlan’s description of the skull in question is a literal translation of Desmarest’s descrip- tion of skull characters of the genus Talpa. There were specimens of Brewer’s mole in the Museum of the Zoological Society of London prior to 1829. Richardson knew of their existence, but thought that they were ‘true moles ”—that is, representatives of the genus Talpa.2 Audubon and Bachman examined them at a later date and found that they were specimens of Brewer’s mole.” ‘In Mr. Bangs’s collection a male taken at White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, April 29, has the new fur on all the lower surfaces except the posterior part of the abdomen, while on the rest of the body the old fur is still in place with the new concealed under it. A young male taken at the same place May 31 has all summer fur. *Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., 1V, 1842, p. 32. 3 Arch. Sci. Phys. et Nat., IX, 1848, p. 247. 4Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, p. 242. 5Amer. Nat., XIII, 1879, pp. 189-190. ®Page 43. 7Mammalogie, pt. 1, 1820, p. 160. ‘Audubon & Bachman, Quadrupeds of North America, III, 1854, p. 219. *Richardson, Fauna Bor. Amer. Mam., 1829, p. 12. These specimens are probably Nos. 163¢ and 143d, marked Talpa europea with a query in Waterhouse’s Cat. Mus. Zool. Soc. London, 1838, p. 16. They were presented by Joshua Brookes. Audubon & Bachman, Quad. North Amer., III, p. 254. See also Godman, Amer. Nat. Hist., I, 1831, p. 106, footnote. Poe ate pete Mee ae ele ee © Seah Sees a) 2 Bt No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. UE Dimensions of skulls of Parascalops breweri. Catalogue | ae Jest lio 8 | number. 8 | a2 | |e Le H | gale ie./e-|é = e Sores ies |i .|a|e2| 3 |esiee | Collection. Locality. a SOM alice lace ees A ge Siero ouiiee ise eeatag Skull. Skin. eiu lac! |32la8 | | aes | we | S 1S | | | Biko |e eae Sle =o | n/a |A laa | Aa ld [A | | | | }mm. mut | mm.)mm. mm. mm. mm. 47684/35419| Dept. Agric | Lake George, N.Y-| 2 | 29.9 24.6|...--. 14.0) 11.2) 12.9) 9.6) Young. 232 | pial Merriam’....) Leyden, N. ¥ -..--.|..- 33. 5! 28.0) 12.8) 15.0) 12.5) 14.2)....- Do. 1230 Be eee peer doe eeeee | LocustGrove, N.Y BOND Ieeeee IBEW ieeselas ae 13.6 10.4. Youngish. MOOT Seem ose GO alee = GW. kSssgc Sessa hr || PLB ERM} TIBE 4) 15.0) 12.0 13.8 10.6) Adult. THT) ie eel bese Comets |secee dO keeesste sees | 32.4) 27.4) 13.0) 15.0) 12.4) 14.0 10. 4) Do. NOUS Esse dojeeo.|! sees C0 see eeeeseeas- | 9 | 31.8] 27.0} 12.8) 15.0) 12.3) 13.7] 10.4) Do. HOODIE oe: [Pees domeree sere dokeee a eis = |s 31.5] 26.2} 12.0] 14.6) 11.9) 13.3) 10.4 Do. 1769| 319) Nat. Mus... eae ena a 27. 6, 8. 15.0) 12.2) 14.2) 10.2) Adult, or | | | | “old. 848! 1670} Amer. Mus-| Ravenna, Ohio. ---.. |v | 33.4) 28.6) 13.6) 14.5) 12.3) 14.3,....- Do. Sol a1673leesse dow eens pean (G1) peseducdosese of | 32.9] 27.5} 13.4] 14.6) 12.3) 14.0 10.4, Adult. a GTZ Seater Goyeaeese sera COfeseeeeretee i Q | 32.5) 27.4) 13. "| 14 5) 2.0 14. 0) 9.8 Adult, or | | | | | less. S49 N67llena- do\.cste Heceveters GO ccpepaasseces | ison Oaitole 158i tos0)2 24. 14.0) 10.0) Adult. 540912 - =< | Dept. Agric | Magnetic City,N.C-| ¢ | 33.7) 28.1) 18.2| 15.2) 12.5) 14.1) 10.5} Old. BANOS ere are ierieinte US Bask Secce Ope eee | 9 | 31.2) 26. 0) zene 14. 5} 12.9) 13.2) 9.8 Do. Get) eed pesos dOvsseee see Gi) cesscacasaene ..-| 32.0) 27.0) 13.3} 15.0) 11.8) 13.5) 10.5) Adult. SERV Be Soaalicocorl) < sace6| esas = GO see eee a= 3 | 33.0) 27.6) 13.5) 15.0) 12.3) 14.0) 10.0 Do. HSS oa eee ems. seer soles aret dof ssenee- 2-5 - 6 | 32. 7} 27.1) 12.8). 15.9) 12.0) 13.6) 10.0 Do. CPt 21 aaaec laa sc Olsmeae | eacge MOxzsee ceases | 9 | 31.1) 26.0) 12.5) 14.0) 11.8) 13.5) 9.0 Do. DTOSSiaeeeetee cae Gove =e rerersse (iiaeacasogeaene Vo ol. 0} 26:0)" 1254) 14 dye 22: 1335 ee see Do. DAO Stereo GOs ee aalaae ee dOyea eae ease Q | 31. 7| 26.5} 12.5) 14.5) 12.0) 13.0] 9.6) Do. DA088 2. nase Oyen see Gores see se o | 32.0) 26.9] 12.4] 14.7] 12.0) 13.3] 9.9} Do. DAU89 | sere are Gores eats COpeeee ese eee | 9 | 82.0) 26.2) 12.5) 14.7)....-. 3 P95 Do. 94925) gem «ia arie= dorera- jreeee GOs seo siceceieens | o' | 32.0) 26.5) 12.4! ToNO|Scee 13.0 10.0 Do. Genus CONDYLURA, Illiger. Condylura, ILLIGER, Prod. Syst. Mamm., 1811, p. 125. (Type Sorex cristatus, Linn.) Scalops, FISCHER, Zoognosia, III, 1814, p. 156. (Type Sorex cristatus, L.) Talpasorex, SCHINZ, Cuvier’s Thierreich, IV, 1825 (?), p. 312 (fide Fischer). (Not Talpasorex, LESSON.) Rhinaster, WAGLER, Nat. Syst. Amphib., 1830, p. 14. Astromyctes, GRAY, List Mamm. Brit. Mus., 1843, pp. xxiand 76. (Nomen nudum, credited to Harris, who does not use it.) Astromydes, BLYTH, Cat. Mamm. Asiat. Soc. Mus., 1863, p. 87. Skull elongated. Interorbital constriction slight. Premaxillw pro- truding. Anterior nares directed obliquely upward. Tympanic bull incomplete. Palate abbreviated posteriorly. Angular process of mandi- ble linear. Pelvis without osseous bridges behind the acetabulum. Caudal ver- tebree numerous. Manubrium sterni moderate. Dental formala i, 2; ¢,4+; pm, 4; m, 3; ‘total, 44. Second upper and third lower incisors minute. Premoiars tricuspidate. Molars with a broad tridentate internal basal ledge. Nostrils anterior, surrounded by a series of large radiating tactile processes. Tail long and scaly. Fore feet broad, fossorial, furnished with an os falciforme. Hind feet elongate. The genus Condylura is not closely allied to any other existing genus of moles, if osteological characters can be relied on, The peculiar 13 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. conformation of the skull and angle of the jaw, the form of premolar and incisor teeth, and the development of the nasal appendages are unique. Of American moles Neiirotrichus is perhaps the nearest ally, but the gap between the two genera is considerable. In the form of the premolars we are reminded of Talpa, but there is no close resemblance otherwise. In the modification of the fore limbs for fossorial purposes, Condy- lura does not reach the degree of specialization found in Secalops aud Talpa. The humeri are relatively quite elongate, and the same is true of the clavicles, while the manubrium of the sternum is only moder- ately long. We owe the name Condylura to the faulty figure of the animal given by De La Faille, in which the tail is represented as con- stricted at intervals, the whole resembling a string of beads. From this Iliger was led to include in his diagnosis the expression “‘cauda mediocris nodosa,” and to bestow an inappropriate name. CONDYLURA CRISTATA (Linnzus). STAR-NOSED MOLE. Sorex cristatus, LINN2US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 53. Talpa longicaudata, ERXLEBEN, Reg. Anim., 1777, p. 118.—SuHaw, Gen. Zool. I, 1800, p. 523. Talpa canadensis, DE LA FatLLe, Naturgesch. des Maulw., 1778, p. 3, t. 1 (fide Fischer). Talpa cristata, KERR, Animal Kingdom, 1792, p. 201. Talpa radiata, Suaw, Gen. Zool., Mamm., 1, 1800, p. 523. Sorex radiatus, SHAW, Gen. Zool., Mamm , J, 1800, p. 531. Scalops cristatus, FISCHER, Zoognosia, III, 1814, p. 156. Condylura cristata, DESMAREST, Journ. de Phys., LXXXIX, 1819, p. 2830; Mam- malogie, I, 1820, p. 157. Condylura longicaudata, DESMAREST, Mammalogie, I, 1820, p. 158. Condylwra macroura, HARLAN, Fauna Americana, 1825, p. 36. Rhinaster macrourus, WAGNER, Suppl. Schreber, Siiugeth., II, 1841, p. 115. Condylura prasinata, Harris, Boston Jour. Philos. and the-Arts, II, 1825, p. 582. Rhinaster cristatus, WAGLER, Nat. Syst. Amphib., 1830, p. 14. Rhinaster longicaudatus, WAGNER, Suppl. Schreber Siiugeth., II, 1841, p. 116. Astromydes cristatus, BLYTH, Catal. Mamm. Asiat. Soc. Mus., 1863, p. 87. (Not seen.) ! Size moderate. Nasal cutaneous processes well developed, 22 in number, of which 18 are marginal and the remaining 2 pairs inserted on the nasal disk. Feet scaly. Fore feet fossorial, one-half as long as broad (including the claws). Eye comparatively large. Tail about three-fourths the length of the head and body, scaly, with scattered hairs; in winter, greatly enlarged, but with a constricted base. Color above, dusky brown; below paler and grayer. Feet dusky. Tail indistinctly bicolored. A narrow ring of white at the wrist. Average dimensions (6 fresh specimens, males and efmales, from Locust Grove, New York).—Total length, 202 mm. 1What is Talpasorex (Condylura) fissipes? in Minding’s Geog. Vertheilung der Siugeth., 1829, p. 64? No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 79 Average dimensions (21 alcoholic specimens, males and females),— Total length, 170 mm.; tail vertebre, 71.8 mm.; hind foot and claw, 27.1 mm. Average dimensions of skulls. mm. Sreavesitlengahhn(D reat ceca ae facia jot Bde eee es eee che oes bs Safa ceed 35. 2 bastlarsloncgha (Elensel)) (lO) peeseeees teases ie semeea ea. comes nace oot se cee yee DG SReaest Zo OMALiCIDECAC GR (Wi) mia Sonica eels. See aoe cis Dee cee c ee 2 10.2 Rect MUCMOM Oth GLO) eee mates larieoc is elon eros = eee aa ater Se oe ns eel nae See 13.5 Length of upper tooth row (base of crowns) (11)---.-.-...-.....--.--.--.-.-. 15.2 Breadthrotspostorbitaliconstrictions (lll) 255-5 sees ee eee <. coe ek ceereee eee et Length of mandible, from inner base of incisors to end of angular process (11). 21.8 Type locality —Pennsylvania. Geographical distribution.—Rupert House and Moose Factory (Hud- son Bay), Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba on the north, southward to Minnesota on the west, to Virginia on the Atlantic Coast, and in the Alleghany Mountains to the boundary of South Carolina. DESCRIPTION. Form robust. Legs short. Snout broad and only moderately elon- gated, extended about 7 mm. beyond the anterior upper incisors in adults. Nostrils circular, opening forward on the surface of a naked * disk, which is surrounded by a fringe of 22 naked lanceolate processes about 4.5 mm. long. These processes are symmetrically arranged, 11 on each side of the median line. ‘Chose forming the inner pairs above and below the nostrils are smaller than the others and have their origin on the an- terior face of the disk rather than on its margin. The upper surface of the snout is naked as far backward as the point reached by the extremity 4S4¥ DISK oF conpyLuRA. of the nasal processes when laid back upon it. ya amen Corner of the mouth anterior to the line of the eyes. Upper lip grooved in the median line below the nasal disk. Inside its margin a SNOUT OF CONDYLURA CRISTATA. Fig. 28, Upper surface, Fig. 29, Lower surface. Fig. 30, Side view. (Natural size.) thin ridge extends from the median line nearly to the corner of the mouth. Lower jaw naked at tne extremity. 80 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. Eyes large for a member of this family (15 mm.), deep sunk, partially covered by the thick lids posteriorly and concealed by the dense fur. (Not visible in dry skins, but may be found by parting the fur.) Ear-conch wanting. Auricular aperture situated above the line of fore leg; large, irregular in outline, elongate, its long axis directed obliquely downward anteriorly. It hasa broad internal projection below, and a small separate cul de sac at the posterior end. The aperture is entirely concealed by the fur, but its position is indicated by a slight depression. Fore feet large, but less so than in Scalops. Their breadth almost 31, exactly one half their length (in- FORE FOOT OF CONDYLURA. cluding the claw). Palms naked, Fig. 31, Lower surface. Fig. 32, Upper surface. covered with mo d era te =9 1 Ze d (Natural size. rounded seales. Outer (or upper) edge of the second, third, and fourth toes with three conspicuous flat- tish triangular tubercles; the first toe with two, the fifth with none. Backs of the hands covered with moderate- sized polygonal scales; those on the toes larger and somewhat symmetrically arranged. First toe shortest; the second, third, and fourth progressively longer; the fifth about as long as the third. Claws depressed, broad, obliquely set; sligntly concave below, except at the tip. Marked on the upper sur- face with inconspicuous longi- tudinal furrows. A single row of long, rather stiff hairs sur- eo 34. rounds the palms, and. there |. 2 teense G6 ome are two hairs only at the inner Ee edge of the base of each claw. Rise The hind feet are one-fourth longer than the fore feet, narrow, scaly. Claws long, compressed. A large de- pressed tubercle at the base of the hallux. Toes naked 35. (except that there are a few hairs at the base of the TAILOF CoNDYLURA. claws); etatarsus hairy only on the outer portion of eee the upper surface. Tail in adults thick, conical, depressed (sometimes terete), with a slender base; covered with small scales in regular rows, from the distal margin of each of which three hairs project. These hairs are every- where equally distributed, and are sufficiently numerous to partially conceal the scales, No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 81 Fur long, dense, and shining, coarser than in other American moles; consisting of two kinds of hairs, (1) a long,-fine, crenulate under fur with enlarged tips, and (2) still longer, straight hairs, also with enlarged and tapering extremities, which in adults are generally more or less curved. Color above rich, dusky brown; on the sides paler; on the under surfaces still paler and tinged with gray; young more reddish brown throughout; hairs dark plumbeous, except at the extremities; those on the face and chin in adults often nearly pure white; a ring of pure white fur around the wrist, the ankle, and the eye. Tail colored like the body, dusky above and slightly paler below, with paler or commonly white hairs on the under side at the tip or sometimes entirely white tipped. Backs of the fore and hind feet dusky. Fringe of the manus sordid white. Whiskers dusky. Claws pale. Mammie 4 pairs, 2 pairs inguinal and 2 pairs pectoral. SKULL. Facial portion long and narrow. Anterior nares directed obliquely upward. Premaxille extending much beyond the nasals anteriorly; the anterior half of the facial portion horizontal and the posterior half rising nearly at a right angle and meeting the nasals in their anterior fifth. Nasals terminating anteriorly in an acute point in adults, but truncate in the young; their sides parallel in the anterior half, but meeting in a very acute angle posteriorly where the nasals are inserted between the deflected borders of the frontals. Parietals irregularly triangular, emarginate on the median line anteriorly. Squamosal with a broad prolongation behind the tympanic bulla. Zygomatic arch short, Straight, directed obliquely upward posteriorly. The squamosal sup- plies only a short portion of the posterior end of the arch, the remain- der being apparently composed entirely of the zygomatic process of the maxillary. No malar can be detected even in the youngest skulls. The maxillary throws out a slender process which bridges over and confines the infraorbital foramen, and the distal end of this process is dilated and abuts against the posterior end of the lachrymals and also touches the neighboring margin of the frontal. The lachrymal is large, oval in shape, and lies on the face of the frontal. Foramen magnum large and oval, about twice as long as broad. Tympanic bull incom- plete behind and overlaid internally by the basisphenoid. Palate short, emarginate behind, exposing the ethmoid and vomer. Mandible with a slender horizontal ramus. Coronoid process large, erect, rather broad, and only moderately uncinate. A slight projection below the condyle on the posterior margin of the ascending ramus. Angular process long and slender as in the shrews, moderately dilated at the proximal extremity. Itis slightly bent inward, and twisted upon itself so that the outer surface looks obliquely downward and the inner surface obliquely upward. Proc. N. M. vol. xix 6 82 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. TEETH. Dental formula: i., 3; ¢., +; pm., 4; m., $; total, 44. First upper incisors large, half ovate, curved inward and touching each other only at the extremities. Second incisor linear, minute. Third incisor long and slender, with a small posterior basal tubercle, disappearing with age. The canine is the smallest tooth in the row, except the second incisor. It is conical, compressed, with a small posterior basal cusp. The first, second, and third premolars similar to each other in form, but succes- sively larger; the first with a posterior, and the second and third with both anterior and posterior basal tubercles, of which the posterior is the larger. Fourth premolar larger, with a small anterior basal tuber- cle, a posterior trenchant margin, and a large heel or internal basal cusp. Molars broad W-shaped in transverse section, with a broad internal basal ledge, extending entirely across the inner side of the tooth and having a tricuspidate free border. The points in which the lines meet to form the letter W, as well as the extremities, are elevated into cusps or tubercle-like thickenings, of which the inner are much the most prominent. The first molar has a small anterior basal tubercle. The third is smaller than the other two and irregularly triangular, lacking the portion corresponding to the posterior fourth of the second molar. First lower incisor large, nearly spatulate in form, and inclined for- ward, so as to be horizontal. Second similar in form and position, but smaller. Third minute, with a sickle-shaped crown, and also inclined forward. Canine long, slender, and curved, with both anterior and pos- terior basal tubercles, of which the posterior is the larger. First pre- molar similar to the canine, but smaller. Second, third, and fourth premolars successively a little larger than the first and similar in form, but with a reduced central cusp and enlarged anterior and posterior basal tubercles. Between the central cusp and posterior tubercle and somewhat internal to them is placed an additional low tubercle. Molars compressed, W-shaped in transverse section, with cusps at the points representing the intersection of the lines and arms of the letter, of which cusps the external ones are much the largest and longest. The central inner one is bifurcated. SKELETON. In Cuvier’s Lecons d’anatomie comparée the vertebral formula for Condylura is given as follows: Oils Op lds 1.65 8:5 53 -Ca., dhs total ess Bell! gives the same formula, having perhaps copied it from Cuvier. In two skeletons in the Museum collection I find the following: C., 7; d., 13; 1, 6; s., 5; ca., 19; total, 50. The last caudal is rudi- mentary. ‘In Todd’s Cyclopedia, Article Insectivora. NO. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 83 The intervertebral ossicles are well developed. The sternum consists of five segments, including the manubrium, which is as long as the other segments combined. It has a deep keel and short lateral proe- esses near the anterior end for the articulation of the first pair of ribs. The scapula is very narrow, with the infra-spinous fossa obsolete, the acromion prominent and moderately uncinate. The humerus is one and one-half times as long as broad, and the clavicle nearly twice as long as broad, hence much less compressed than in Scalops. The pelvis is contracted, but the iliac bones do not quite meet below the acetabula. There is no pubic symphysis. The sacrals dip down- ward behind the line of the acetabula and there is no osseous connec- tion between them and the ischium. The tibia is as long as the foot (including the claws) and one and two-thirds times as long as the femur. The fibula united with it above its middle point. The terminal phalanges of the manus are bifurcated. The os falci- forme is prominent and its distal extremity rests against a sesamoid at the outer base of the first metacarpal. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. The range of the star-nosed mole covers an area extending on the Atlantic Coast from New Jersey to the mouth of the St. Lawrence River, and thence westward (with the northern limit at 51° N. lat.) to James Bay, Manitoba and Minnesota, and southward (in the mountains) to the boundary of South Carolina. The existence of the species in the Indian Territory and on the Pacific Coast is doubtful. The latest monographer of the insectivora, Dr. G. E. Dobson, gives the range of the species as follows: North America, widely distributed, from Nova Scotia and Hudson Bay to South Carolina and northern Tennessee, extending westward through the States to Oregon and Washington Territory.! I am unable as indicated above to trace the species through so wide an area, either from the specimens examined or from the records in lit- erature. The specimens examined in the preparation of this work were from an area covering practically the whole of the New England and Middle States, with outlying localities in the Hudson Bay region, Nova Scotia, Quebec, the mountains of North Carolina, and finally Minnesota. The boundaries of the area referred to are somewhat as follows: On the south, beginning at Washington City, and Marshall Hall, Mary- land, the line extends to Cleveland, Ohio; from thence along the Lakes to Ottawa, Canada; thence through Montreal to Eastport, Maine. The Southeastern boundary extends from Washington to New York, thus excluding southern and eastern Maryland, Delaware, southern New Jersey, Long Island, and southern Connecticut. The outlying points 1 Monogr. of the Insectivora, pt. 2, 1883, p. 133. 84 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. are as follows: In North Carolina, Roan Mountain; in Minnesota, Fort Ripley and Elk River; in the Hudson Bay territory, Moose Factory and Rupert House;! in Quebec, Godbout (about 180 miles east of the Saguenay River); in Nova Scotia, Halifax. If a line were drawn connecting the outlying points above mentioned, it would roughly indicate the range of the species, as recorded in the literature, except in one or two directions to be mentioned presently. The range as thus indicated extends on the north to New Brunswick, James Bay, and Manitoba, on the west to Minnesota, Iowa, and Ilinois, and on the south to Tennessee and North Carolina. Audubon and Bachman sum up their knowledge of the distribution of the species as follows: This species is found sparingly in all the Northern and Eastern States. Dr. Rich- ardson supposes it to exist as far north as Lake Superior. We obtained a specimen 5 miles from the Falls of Niagara, on the Canada side, and have traced it in all the New England States. We received specimens from Dr. Brewer, obtained near Boston, and from W. O. Ayres, esq., from Long Island. We caught a few of these animals near New York, and obtained others from various parts of the State. We saw a specimen at York, Pa., and found another at Frankfort, east of Philadelphia. We captured one in the valleys of the Virginia Mountains, near the Red Sulphur Springs [West Virginia], and received another from the valleys in the mountains of North Carolina, near the borders of South Carolina, and presume it may follow the valleys of the Alleghany ridge as far to the south as those latitudes. We have never found it in South Carolina or Georgia, but to the west we have traced it in Ohio and the northern parts of Tennessee. A Canadian writer, Mr. R. Bell, gives the species as common at Moose Factory, James Bay.’ Richardson had several specimens supposed to be from Moose Factory, but he doubts that they were really from that locality. He writes on this point as follows: As the most southern fur posts depending upon Moose Factory are situated upon the borders of Lake Superior, it is probable that they [the ‘“‘ Moose Factory ” speci- mens] came from that quarter.* Whatever may be the truth as regards Richardson’s specimens, the fact of the occurrence of the species at Moose Factory is established by specimen No. 15061 of the National Museum collection, which was received from Dr. Walton Hayden in 1881. There was also in the National Museum prior to 1885 a specimen (No. 8901) received from B. R. Ross, of the Hudson Bay Company, who col- lected if at Rupert House in 1867.° There seems to be no reason to 'This specimen is no longer in the Museum. It was sent some years ago to Cam- bridge, England. 2?Quad. of North America, II, 1851, p. 142. 3Canadian Geol. Survey, Montreal, 1884, 48 DD. 4Fauna Bor. Amer., p. 13. *“Rupert House is on James Bay, a little northeast of Moose Factory. The speci- men, an alcoholic, was sent to the museum of Cambridge University, England, in 1885, where it is still presumably to be found. Two shrews were received with the mole. NO. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 85 doubt that this specimen actually came from Rupert House, which is the most northerly point at which the species has been found. Couper records the presence of the species at Montreal, Canada, and also at the city of Quebec, where he says it is occasionally found.! An anonymous writer in the Naturaliste Canadien cites it as occur- ring between the coast of Beaupré and the [e @’Orleans,? which is in the St. Lawrence River, near Quebee. The Department of Agriculture collection contains a specimen from much farther east, namely, at Godbout, on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, near its mouth and about 180 miles east of the Saguenay River. In Nova Scotia and New Brunswick the species is common, accord- ing to Gilpin? and Chamberlain.* The Condylura prasinata of Harris was described from a specimen from Machias, Me.,’ and in the Sixth Report of the Board of Agricul- ture of Maine, it is also included among the mammals of that State.® Zadock Thompson considered the species rare in Vermont. He ecap- tured two specimens in Burlington.? In Massachusetts it was obtained in Essex County by Fowler,’ and Emmons and Allen record it as common in the State, but the latter remarks that it is more numerous in the eastern part of the State than elsewhere.® Linsley captured a specimen at Stratford in Connecticut,” but Morris regards it as not very common in that State.!! Dr. C. C. Abbott records the species from New Jersey, but remarks that it is not at all abundant, and that it is more frequently met with in the central than in the northern or southern sections of the State.” Turning now to the West, I find that Kirtland, in 1838, had seen only one specimen in Ohio.’ I have examined specimens from three localities in the northern part of the State—Cleveland, Garrettsville, and Ellsworth. A specimen has been sent to the Museum from the 1Forest and Stream, newspaper, VIII, p. 299. 2Nat. Canad., I, p. 146. °Trans. Nova Scotia Inst., II, pt. 2, 1869, p. 59. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunswick, 10, 1892, p. 32. 5 Boston Journ. Philos. and Arts, V, 1825, p. 580. ®Sixth Rept. Maine Board of Agric., p. 123. Dr. George P. Merrill, Curator of Geology in the U. 8. National Museum, has very recently sent me a specifven from Auburn, Maine. 7 History of Vermont, p. 28. 8 Amer. Nat., IV, 1870, p. 761. *Emmons, Quad. of Mass., 1840, p. XIX; Allen, Bull. Mus.!Comp. Zool., I, No. 8, 1869, p. 222. 1 Amer. Journ. Sci., XLIII, 1842, p. 347. 1 Forest and Stream, newspaper, VI, 1876, p. 214. Geol. Survey of N. J., 1868, p. 752. 18 Kirtland, List of Mammals of Ohio, 1838. Neither Langdon nor Brayton had personal knowledge of the occurrence of the star-nosed mole in Ohio. 86 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. last-mentioned locality by Mr. Ernest W. Vickers. Mr. Vickers wrote me in December, 1895, that the star-nosed mole was authoritatively known to occur in the following localities in Ohio: Cleveland and Berea, Cuyahoga County; Canton, Stark County; Cuyahoga Falls, Summit County; Suffield, Portage County; Weymouth, Medina County; Ells- worth, Mahoning County; Butler, Richland County;' New Philadel- phia, Tuscarawas County.’ He states that the last-mentioned locality is the most southerly point at which the species has been found in the State. Mr. Charles Dury, secretary of the Cuvier Club of Cincinnati, in a letter dated January 4, 1896, has, however, furnished me the following information regarding the possible occurrence of Condylura near that city: There is one specimen of Condylura cristata in the Cuvier Club collection that was sent to us from Indiana, near the Ohio State line, a few miles north of due west from Cincinnati. This is the only specimen I have seen from the vicinity of this city. In twenty-five years’ collecting in this vicinity I have never run across it myself. So it must be exceedingly rare here. I believe there are no specimens in the Natural History Society’s collection. The first specimen from Indiana, according to Evermann and Butler,’ was obtained near Denver, Miami County. It was deposited in the museum of the Indiana Normal School and afterwards destroyed by fire. Another specimen was obtained near Deedsville, in Miami County, in 1894. Prince Maximilian did not see anything of the species at New Har- mony, on the southern boundary of Indiana, during his sojourn there in 1833. He remarks: ‘“ Scalops canadensis wirft tiberall Haufen auf, wie unser Maulwurf und ist sehr gemein, dagegen kommt hier Condy- lura nicht vor, die in Pennsylvanien gemein ist.” 4 Miles regarded the species as rare in Michigan in 1861, and had seen but one.® Tenney saw one at Niles, Berrien County, in 1869.6 An anonymous writer in Forest and Stream newspaper, 1877, remarks: “Is rarely seen within the limits of the State [of Michigan], I believe, hav- ing seen but one specimen, and heard ef but two more.” Messrs. Evermann and Butler, however, quote Prof. J. B. Steere as stating that the species is abundant at Ann Arbor, in low swampy ground which has been drained, and that he had taken it in Ionia County: 'See Geol. Survey of Ohio, IV, p. 179, footnote. *See his paper in the Third Annual Report of the Ohio State Academy of Science. His observations are also noted by Evermann and Butler in Proce. Indiana Acad. Sci., 1893, p. 184. * Loe. cit. 4Max. zu Wied, Reise, I, p. 174. *Catalogue of the Animals of Michigan, 1861. ’Amer. Nat., V, 1871, p. 314. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. S7 Kennicott considered the species not abundant in Illinois, but records it from Cook County.! No specimens were reported to Dr. J. A. Alien from Iowa, but he regarded it as doubtless occurring in the eastern part of the State.’ Lapham stated in 1852 that there was a specimen from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the Museum of the Natural History Association at Mad- ison,’ and Strong states that its range includes the prairie region of the southern and central portions of the State.* There is a specimen of the star-nosed mole (No. 964) from Hinckley, Minnesota, in the Museum of the Geological Survey of Minnesota.° according to the list of specimens published in the report of that survey. We come now again to the outlying districts. Richardson includes the species among those which ‘‘may occur” in his Limestone Tract, but only in the southern portion. This portion of the tract is practi- cally equivalent to Manitoba. He did not obtain any specimens from thence.® Mr. Thompson writes regarding Manitoba: ‘‘Mr. Hines informs me that he has seen specimens of this mole taken within our provinece.”? The exact points at which these specimens were seen is not mentioned. So far as specimens are concerned, there is no evidence that the species is found anywhere in the United States west of the Missis- Sippi (with one possible exception of Fort Ripley, Minnesota)," though, as we have seen, Dr. J. A. Allen considered its occurrence in eastern Iowa probable. Prof. Erwin H. Barbour has written me regarding the occurrence of the species in Nebraska as follows: The star-nosed mole has been reported to me repeatedly. However, I have never seen one. Students have reported iteso frequently that I think its occurrence in the State is reasonably sure. I have encountered a few positive statements in the literature, which, if correct, render it necessary to extend the range of the star-nosed mole to the Pacific Coast, as Dobson has done. On theoretical grounds, I am strongly of the belief that these several records must be incorrect, though a demonstration in a matter of this kind is hardly to be marle, 1Trans. Ill. State Agricultural Society. 2Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XIII, 1870, p. 187. 3Trans. Wis. Agric. Soc. II, 1853, p. 338. 4Geology of Wisconsin, I, 1883, p. 438. 5Fourteenth Report Geol. Survey Minn., 1886, p. 142. See also Ames in Bull. Minn. Acad., 1874, p. 69. 6Fauna Bor. Amer., p. XxXvii. 7Thompson, Mammals of Manitoba, p. 21. *Fort Ripley, Minnesota, is on the east side of the river in some maps and on the west side in others. The land office map of 1892 indicates a town of this name on the east side and a fort on the west side. The single specimen in the collection probably came from the vicinity of the fort, and hence from the west side of the river. 88 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. as the fact that no specimens are now known does not preclude their being obtained hereafter. It would seem improbable that anyone who had examined one of these moles could mistake its identity, considering the very peculiar character of the nasal appendage. If mistakes have occurred, it must have been through faulty field notes or lapses of memory. One of the records referred to is that of Woodhouse. In the zoology of Sitgreave’s Zuni and Colorado River Expedition, he remarks of the species: “This animal is very common in the Indian Territory.”! He does not support this positive statement by mention of any locali- ties, and there were no specimens of the mole sent to the Smithsonian Institution with the mammals of the expedition. As nospecimens have been taken within 500 miles of the Territory, the record would seem to need confirmation. ! The records relating to the Pacific Coast are equally positive. Rich- ardson, in an addenduin to the report on the mammals of the Fauna Boreali Americana, introduces Condylura macroura Harlan (=C., eris-. tata) with the following remark: Since the greater part of the preceding sheets were printed off, Mr. David Douglas has presented me with a specimen of this remarkable animal, procured by him on the banks of the Columbia.? : There can be no doubt that this specimen was a Condylura, and if there is an error in this case it must be in the record of the locality. Douglas was on the Pacific Coast for three years, and had ample oppor- tunities to obtain rarities, but he also crossed the continent going and returning, and may have picked up this specimen in southern Canada or in the vicinity of Hudson Bay. Thisis, however, entirely an assumption. Another record occurs in Cooper and Suckley’s Natural History of Washington Territory, as follows: In 1852 I saw a very large star-nosed mole which had been killed at Orleans Bar on Klamath River.—G[ibbs]. Ir. Cooper saw at Vancouver, W. T., in 1853, a decayed specimen which had the appearance of having a radiated excrescence on the nose, but, being crushed and nearly destroyed, the specimen was unfit for preservation. In this second instance, Dr. Cooper may of course have been mistaken regarding the identity of his specimen, as it was in such bad condition, but Gibbs’s statement is quite as positive as Richardson’s. It is to be regretted that Gibbs did not specify where he saw the specimen he mentions. The doubt which I throw on these Pacific Coast records is based (1) on the fact that if accepted it is necessary to suppose that an area of 1,200 or 1,400 miles in diameter in the middle of the range is uninhab- ited; (2) that no specimens from the Pacific Coast are to be found in 'Sitgreave’s Zuni and Colorado R. Exp., p. 43. °Fauna Bor. Amer., Mammalia, p. 284. Cooper and Suckley, Natural History of Wash. Ter., 1860, chapter 3 (by Suckley & Gibbs), p. 108. No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 89 any collection; (3) that no naturalists familiar with the region, with whom I have communicated, have ever seen or know of specimens taken there. Mr. Walter E. Bryant wrote, under date of February 11, 1895: ‘“T have never heard of the occurrence of Condylura cristata in California nor on the Pacific Coast.” VARIATION. This species does not appear to present a large amount of variation, either geographical or individual. As the material at command is not extensive, however, it is possible that more variation exists than can now be shown. ye Puy" “ L NM GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CONDYLURA. The coloration is, on the whole, remarkably uniform, and the size does not appear to vary in accordance with the geographical location of thespecimens. Oneof the adult specimens from Locust Grove, New York,is much more reddish on the under surfaces than others from the same locality. This is especially true about the base of the tail. A skin from Erie, Pennsylvania, has much fewer coarse hairs on the belly than other specimens. These are quite widely separated and are light colored and shining, so that they give to the under surface a some- what peculiar appearance. In many of the specimens a few of the longer hairs of the upper surface are white. Ina young specimen from Fort Ripley, Minnesota (No. 567, N. M.), and an adult from Halifax, Nova Scotia (No. 3908, N. M.), the tip of the tailis white. This appears, however, to be merely an individual variation. In the former specimen also, that from Fort Ripley, the last lower premolar on the left side 90 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX; has two equally high and prominent central cusps, instead of one. The tooth on the right side of the mandible is normal. In several specimens the minute second upper incisor, or the third lower one, is absent on one or both sides, but unless the skull is in the best condition for study, it is extremely difficult to determine whether these teeth have merely fallen out, or whether they were absent from the first. MOLTING. The series of skins of the star-nosed mole obtained by Mr. Bangs at Belmont, Massachusetts, between October 6 and October 8, show that molting was then in progress. A male taken October 8 has the summer fur still in place all over the body, but new fur is concealed on all the upper surfaces. In another male taken at the same date the new fur has appeared on the head and rump and also on the throat, and is springing up all over the back, though still concealed. On the lower surfaces, except the throat, the summer fur still holds place. In still another specimen taken at the same date the condition of the new fur on the back is the same as in the last specimen, while on the lower sur- faces the new fur has appeared everywhere except on the throat and legs. Two males taken October 6 and October 7, respectively, are about in the condition of the second specimen mentioned above. The change is carried to its completion in Mr. Bangs’s series from Digby, Nova Scotia. In specimens taken from October 10 to October 21 the upper surfaces are all covered by new fur, while the lower sur- faces all have the summer fur, with the new concealed under it. In males taken October 27 and October 30 the change is complete and all summer fur has disappeared. From these specimens we learn that the winter fur of this mole first appears on the surface about October 6, (in the North), completing its growth first on the head and rump, then on the back, and finally on the belly. Exactly when the new fur first begins to sprout is uncertain, but must be earlier than September 19, as a specimen taken at Cape Edward on that date has pew fur concealed under the old. The rate of growth on the different parts of the body is not always the same. As regards the change from winter to summer fur, it appears from Mr. Bangs’s series that in Nova Scotia the males have completed it before July 18. The females, as in other species, retain the winter fur longer. One taken at Digby July 25 still has irregular patches of winter fur across the back. A female taken July 31 has the complete summer coat. AGE CHARACTERS. Young star-nosed moles are much redder than adults. The fur about the mouth and on the feet is also of a reddish-brown color, while in adults it is usually whitish. The tail is also slender in the young. Besides the ordinary obliteration of sutures, a sign of maturity in No. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 91 skulls of this species is the growth of median crests on the anterior portion of the sagittal suture, and on the posterior extremity of the nasals. This nasal crest is, so far as I am aware, unique among mammals. The teeth are but little worn in any of the specimens which I have examined, which would seem to indicate that they have a thicker coat of enamel than those of Scalops, Scapanus, and Parascalops. In these the teeth show the effects of attrition at a comparatively early stage.! THE TAIL AND NASAL DISK. It is a well-known fact that the tail of the star-nosed mole is subject to a periodical enlargement. An individual in this condition was described by Harlan in 1825 as a distinct species, but Godman recog- nized the fact (in a publication of the same date’) that this charae- ter was not specific. He stated that all the specimens with enlarged tails which had been examined were males, and remarked: “It is most probable that the enlargement occurs only during the rutting season.” It now appears that Godman’s opinion that the enlargement occurs only in males is not correct. Of ten completely labeled specimens with swollen tails which I have examined, five are males and five femaies. The swollen condition lasts at least from November to April, inclusive, and probably a month longer in spring. The tail is not enlarged in any of the specimens taken in the summer months. It is probably correct to look upon this enlargement of the tail as a secondary sexual character, comparable to the growth of antlers in deer. It affects both sexes, however, which is the exception rather than the rule among deer. The enlargement occurs during the rutting season, as Dr. Merriam has remarked,* but the first litter is doubtless born while the tail of the adults is in the enlarged condition. Though the fact seems not to have been recorded, I judge from the examination of an immature individual that this first litter appears very early in spring. This being the case, there would still be time for the produe- tion of a second litter while the tails of adults were enlarged, but if more are produced, as Dr. Merriam states to be the fact, the later ones would be brought forth after the enlarged condition had disappeared. There are no observations, so far as I am aware, bearing directly on this point. 1A female from Williamstown, Massachusetts (No. 7469), contains 5 embryos about 12 mm. long, three on the right side of the uterus and two on the left. The fetus is rolled together in a compact form. The forefeet are pressed against the sides of the muzzle with the palms outward. The hind feet have the soles pressed together and the tail is curled over them. The cutaneous processes of the nose are reflexed over the muzzle. 2Journ. Phila. Acad., V, pt. 1, 1825, pp. 109-116. 3Trans. Linn. Soc. N. Y., Il, p. 54. 92 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. The specimens at command have the tail as follows: Cat. number. Sex. Date. | Condition of tail. Preservation. | | | eM ondary RMLOnI. acccoeee ool Leanne May 20 Slender si ssse2 oc ss Aleoholic. NOs Oodle US SaING Mien coon emote ae ae June OL): oo. Oates eee Do. | | July. | | No. 10143 UaS: IN Moe. .lcesnccescam- | July — }..... Q0nsae asec eeaaeeees Skin. No. 1124500 S.N Mirco 22-2 oe = ene eeditaiyi | reer C0 eee eee Alcoholic. No. 669, Merr...-.----- aaa |e oe ee | Jnly Unuumbered, U.S. N.M. |......------ July Unnumbered, Merr......-|...-...-.--- | Aug. No: 1687, Merr-=-.-2-2-/-<-| (Young) -., Oct. Noy oID-) Merr snout in Condylura, we tind that the assumed method of growth is very nearly an expression of what actually takes place. In the course of the development there arises an interest- ing complication of the simpler process, the evident meaning of which is the shortening, in point of time, of the growth of the papille—i.e., it is an economic adaptation. This modification I shall now describe. At birth the star-nosed mole is nearly destitute of visible hair, and the tactile bris- tles of the facial region have not made their appearance at the surface. The snout of the young Condylura lacks all the distinctive characteristics of the adult, and the entire body resembles that of Talpa much more than it does its parent. On a close examination of the distal end of the snout of such a new-born animal (fig. 37), one can distinguish a tract of skin which covers four-fifths of the circumference of the organ (the part not specially marked off is the median ventral fifth), This dermal tract extends for 3 mm. toward the base of the snout and is marked off from the remaining surface by a series of furrows running parallel to the long axis of the body. A series of parallel ridges is thus formed, each ridge being bounded on eitber side by a furrow. At their anterior and posterior ends these ridges pass gradually into the neighboring smooth surface. By a gradual ingrowth of the bottoms of the furrows each groove is deepened and each =} 36. NASAL DISK OF CONDYLURA. (Enlarged. ) 97. ridge suffers a correspondingly increased definition of form, while snout or young at the same time the posterior end of each groove grows toward CONDYLURA. its neighbor on either side. When the grooves have all united, there is formed by their union a common groove which nearly encircles the snout and separates the tactile from the remaining surface of that organ. Commencing at the posterior margin of the tactile surface and advancing toward the tip of the snout, the grooves deepen and grow toward each other in their bot- tom portions until they finally coalesce underneath the ridges. The result of this process is the production of free, finger-shaped processes composed exclusively of ectoderm, attached to the antegior end of the snout in the manner already described for the adult. These processes of the ectoderm become the tactile rays of the adult. The nasal area from which the tentacular processes are formed is not thereby denuded of 94 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. skin, but remains covered by that portion of the primary surface which formed the bottoms of the grooves and which has so increased in extent that et this stage the surface is entirely and uniformly covered by ectoderm. No traces are left either on the surface or in the corium of the extensive excision which has taken place. The principal details of the process are readily seen on examining a section of the snout, such as is represented in fig. 38: In this figure I have drawn, with the aid of camera outlines and with diagrammatic shading, a transverse section of that part of the nose of a young Condylura indicated by the line r, fig. 37. The following is a short account of the most important histological details of the proc- ess. The entire cireumference of the section is bounded by a thin layer of epidermal cells e, beneath which all the formative processes take place. In the stage of development represented in fig. 38, this layer only loosely covers the snout in the region of the papille and later is entirely cast off; but it remains in inti- mate connection with the remaining surface and functions as the true epidermal layer, as at f. The letters o p designate respectively the epidermis of the tentaculif- a erous area and that of 0. the sense rays. The rays are embedded in a layer of fibrous tis- sue, which, however, does notentirely cover the outer surface of the ray. Sections of the ray present a crenate mar- gin owing to their pas- sage through the nu- merous tactile papillie which cover the sur- face of the ray; there are three sharply marked concentric layers of tissue to be observed in each: An outer, cornified layer of the epidermis, the TRANSVERSE SECTION OF SNOUT OF YOUNG CONDYLURA. deeper Malpighian (Enlarged.) layer, and a central a=arteries; } =ridge-like remnants of the primitive ectoderm seen in section; 5= boundary rod of connective tis- line between Rete Malpighii and corium ; en = nostrils; e= cornified layer of the epidermis ; ithi Baek th w , g= cartilaginous tissue ; /=hair follicle and accessory gland ; £=nasal cartilage ; m= nasal sue ithin which the muscles ; 7 = nerve supplying the mucous membrane of the nose ; o= the future outer surface of perves and blood ves- the snout; p=papillw; »=—tactile ray, the line points to the central connective tissue con, . pe oe “sels are embedded. through which the blood vessels and nerves pass ; v= vein. There are no traces of hair follicles, sebaceous or sweat glands to be seen on the tentacles, but they occur in the proximal half of the tentaculiferous area, and only make their appear- ance on the surface of the snout after the tentacles have assumed their erect con- dition. At i and h are seen the hair follicles with the young hairs. The corium is an extensive layer filling all the space between the epidermis and the nasal ear- tilage. The small muscles of this part of the face appear to be entirely embedded within this layer.! 'On the Structure and Development of the Nasal Rays in Condylura cristata. By H. Ayres. Biolog. Centralblatt, IV, 1885, pp. 356-360 no. 1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 95 HISTORY. We encounter this species for the first time under the name of Sorex cristatus in the tenth edition of Linnzeus’s Systema Naturie (1758, p. 53). He gives Pennsylvania asits habitat, on the authority of Kalm. The description is recognizable, though in some respects faulty, as, for example, in relation to the number of processes of the nasal crest and the length of the tail. Houttuyn, in 1761,! merely paraphrases Lin- neus’s description and adds nothing. The description of the twelfth edition of the Systema Nature” is essentially the same as that of the tenth edition. The next author who mentions the star-nosed mole appears to have been Pennant, who published the first edition of his Synopsis of Quadrupeds in 1771. [have not had access to this work, which contained both a description and a figure.’ I suppose that the figure was the same as that which appears in the third edition of his work, published in 1783. This latter figure, though crude, is recog- nizable, but the tail is too short, an error which seems to have been perpetuated for a long time. Pennant appears to have originated in his first edition the erroneous statement that the star-nosed mole subsists upon roots. He had, how- ever, the merit of placing the species among the moles rather than with the shrews. In the first edition he included also a description and figure' of a “long-tailed mole.” If this description is the same as that of the third edition, the phrase “‘ mole with a radiated nose” must have been over- looked by Erxleben, who records the species in 1777 under the name of Talpa longicaudata, and seems to have had no suspicion that it was related to the star-nosed mole.? He records also the latter, uniting the descriptions of the authors who preceded him, including both errors and facts. He retains the species in the genus Sorex, but states that “ Sorex cristatus and aquaticus agree with the mole in the form of the body and its habit, but, so far as the teeth are concerned, have the structure of the shrews.”® Schreber, in 1778, copies Linnzeus and Pennant.’ Pennant’s figure of the star-nosed mole, in the third edition of his Quadrupeds, 1783, has already been referred to. It was apparently made from a specimen in the Leverian Museum.’ His figure of the INat. Hist. of Dieren, 1 deel, 2 stuk, 1761, p. 315. *Linn. Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1766, p. 73. 3Cf. Linn. Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 112. 4P. 314, No. 244, pl. 28, fig. 2. (Fide Gmelin.) ’Syst. Regn. Animal., 1777, p. 118. Miiller in 1773 (Des Linné Natursystem, I, 1773, p. 300) mentions C. cristata under the name of ‘‘ Die Haarnase, Sorex cristata,” but gives no new information regarding it. He does not mention the “long-tailed mole.” ‘Loe. cit., p. 121, footnote. Saiigethiere, 3 Th., 1778 (?), p. 561.—‘‘Der langschwanzte Maulwurf. P. 566, “Der Kammnase.” ®History of Quadrupeds, 3d ed., II, 1783, p. 232, pl. 90, fig. 1, No. 442. 96 REVISION OF AMERICAN MOLES—TRUE. VOL. XIX. “long-tailed mole” also appears in this edition.t It shows little more than a trace of the nasal crest, and were it not for the phrase “mole with a radiated nose” in the description, one might suppose that it had no relation to C. cristata, as Erxleben seems to have done. It is to be remarked regarding both these figures that the tail is abnormally short. One can only suppose that they were based on young specimens, over- stretched as regards the body, or that the tail was drawn in in skinning, and not afterwards restored to its proper position. Gmelin, in the thirteenth edition of Linneus’s Systema Nature, recog- nizes both “ Sorex cristatus” and “ Talpa longicaudata.”? His deserip- tions do not differ materially from those of Erxleben. Kerr, writing in 1792,° seems to have entertained the idea that the two species were related, as he places longicaudata immediately after cristata in the genus Jalpa. He adds nothing, however, to Pennant’s account, Shaw retains the two nominal species among the moles in his General Zoology, but remarks under the “ Radiated Mole:” “It is, perhaps, in reality no other than a variety of the former species, or a sexual differ- ence.” The star-nosed mole was placed in its present genus, Condylura, by Illiger, in 1811.° As species he has ‘‘ Sorex cristata Linn., Talpa longi- caudata Linn. Gmel.” Cuvier recognizes only the species cristatus in the Regne Animal, but places it under the genus Talpa, and remarks that it is a true mole and that the characters on which Illiger based the genus Condylura are false.® This course was not acceptable to Desmarest, who revived the genus Condylura and recognized the same species as Llliger, C. cristata and longicaudata.?’ Dr, Harlan, in 1825, accepted this arrangement and added athird species, C. macroura, from a specimen in the Philadelphia Museum (No. 806), which had the tail in the swollen state. Dr. Harris described another specimen in this condition the same year, under the name of Condylura prasinata. Godman was of the opinion that this swelling of the tail was not a specific character, and in his Natural History, of which the first edition appeared in 1826, recognized only C. cristata. All four species were enumerated by Wagner again in 1841, in Schreber’s Saiigethiere, but in an appendix he calls attention to God- man’s view. In the great work of Audubon and Bachman only the single Linnean ‘History of Quadrupeds, 3d ed., II, 1783, p. 232, pl. 90, fig. 2. 27, 1788, pp. 118 and 121. °The Animal Kingdom of Linnzeus, 1792, p. 202. 4], pt. 2, 1800, p. 528. ®Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium, 1811, p. 125, 6Regnd Animal, Ist ed., I, 1817, p. 138. 7Mammalogie, I, 1820, pp. 157-158. No.1101. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 97 species is recognized, and there has been practically no difference of opinion on the subject of species since the publication of that treatise, though all the names appear in the uncritical compilation of Fitzinger in 1869, The generic name Condylura was replaced by Rhinaster by Wagler in 1830, because he considered the former appellation misleading. Wie bekannt,” he remarks, “ist der Schwanz dieses Thieres vollkommen eben.”' Gray employed the name Astromyctes for the genus, in 1843, in his List of Mammals in the British Museum, but credits it to Harris, who did not use it. A new name—Astromydes—was coined by Blyth in 1863. MEASUREMENTS. Collector’s measurements of six specimens, both males and females, from Locust Grove, New York, in Dr. Merriam’s collection, give an average of 202 mm. for the total Jength (including the tail), with a maxi- mum of 212 mm. and minimum of 200 nm. This average, it will be observed, is higher than that given by the alcoholic specimens. Dimensions of alcoholic specimens of Condylura cristata, Males | Females. 8 qj © g 4 d Measurements. g, 5 a | ae © 3 = Digs 7 4 Se eee on q g ies A a |}ad 3 5 A |uo 2 BED Sema Scer |. 10 By Nica ae E Ss | =o | a =n lic 5ceesoeseee 183 Judo ViClaNUS <5 o6s ences cee eee eee 183 SACCADUS - soc con eon ce eee eae 183 My GGLOS IP ON. = een ete on eee aoe 163, 220, 222 OPO GORY Gases eens see eee 219 LOGOS saa aie en ei mata tee 219 OVIBTSRIOS Sao aes see comer cme +e ae ae tate te 207 LOA Bese one eae ee eee eee rae 207 Panceria)---25------- ee 6 eee eee ees 206 Pithecus SityNas a. aaes oee eee ee ee Jen stb ee see ceenos ose acess 150 SRV 0 iste Neh a tae oleate a 150 Pleorehis Molise ass aac seo one oe dee 213 POLY OLCNIS = se sesso eae eis eee eee 205 Pseuddostoma bursarius ...---.-..--.-.-..-- 183 IBSOLOPlGs -seo-ee ee eee eee eee eee 207 IPiy CRO p iy Sane = ee sen eee eee ee 213 PRT CHO beet ae = aan laaia oleae ee ee eleriel 93, 219 Saccophorus bursarius...----- Sao ae 183 Schishocepbal Seems =o sea ne sae eee eens 185 BOUGUBS | S35 52s se eee oe eee cence sien 185 SIM SAUEDUS cee nea eee eee 161, 216, 222 troglodytes ..-..-........-...-:.-.--- 240;a0u Stentor caraiya ~~ === 222 ese ne nese em wwe 220 Silesiae. 2. siecc. = =e ashe seene eeenntee sec~ 214 275 centripunctata .--...............--.---. 204 Plobipnnctate a= =o - eee oe cen eee eee 214 Strongylus contortus -...-.....--.-----.--- 207 TONG. . cut oe eesce ss ce acesee eee on eee 149, 162, 164, 178, 180, 193, 194, 200, 205, 208, 213 ACULISSIMA <4 oo cose see se scene aemees 184, 185 (Bertia) conferta:.--.----o-e5 55-1 162, 163 (Bertia) mucronatsh: ~~... 5. -c<5 secs 147, 164 CANIN Gc cate ra oe as ee eee 170, 194, 218 CONLOMTA ae cece cee seat aa 162, 163 CODES Ais e ne ee en oak omnin ne aaa 221 COTONUIG <. secce sam ase olen ie ee 218 CLONGIU CR es -en aes are ee eee eee 179, 180 CHGUMOERID A oes emins Soe aes ken eaeeein 194, 218 denticulata... 147, 170, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 186 digonopora ........---.-..----.--------- 218 diminnts ..--------.< Ee sae ee aoa eee 218 OCHINOCOCCHS = .2= 16 oan cu eee eae 213 Cllipwedsensaa sone eee ae mee eee 194, 218 OQUING .- 6 -- cease ne enw en nee noes 215 INDEX. 23D Tenia—Continued. Page. | Tzenia—Continued. Page. equina perfoliata. .....-...-...----..--. 150 WN(o%271G Ott el eters ear eee ea 164, 222 @XPaNsaes ese. accseees eens 151, 170, 177, 200, 215 DE CUINabareee eee aceon ease ok 145, 147, 156, faxopunctatacescsas-oasssses6 See 194, 218 172, 173, 184, 185, 190, 198, 199, 200, 212, 220, 221 SIP AMNGE Mia ece ter atice see ancient wintelee 150 MPA Libleye A ralaal a) sisia'stoiei stolen ries siete e 151 PlopipuNctalayaseaese anne see eee eee oe ne 215 rhopaliocephala....-.. 147, 151, 155, 156. 158, 186 QBZEleea ease settoseecoe ese es 147, 174,177, 178 rhopalocephala --......-. 147, 151, 155, 158, 186 inom dbubiformiste reece -eceeesaeeee eee 218 SApinalidemantmaseenateeeee sees eee nese els: 22 WeOWASA oe elas ences eee itasis ce eee aise 218 SabyTlbpeemmaas aetiee see eie nee cece 161 lamellisergensa-eeeceee sas ee esa sess 218 SOLAba emery ate eee eae eas ante scien 200 lanceolataiensesenes asec aac ese 218 SOLLALA meee eee ieee ee Seeeee ce 200 laticephalarscecsccccn metre cee ekice cae 165, 220 BO LOT pease Saya toe mee ee 205, 713, 221 WatISS UMass secs ee eiee eee oes se ee 174 SOEs ete ernst researc 221 TS DOTIN Meee nice sce eee eA aes aS 184 StUd Rite ss Sacer eee tesee secs aes san 161 Louie kar tits son en ee ae ety ene aseee 189 GCTAMSVEUSAT Agee oes sae eeeeeee se eeee 154 Mime aiteang es serse css ce cess eeme re eee twie 213 WWI COS Bharata Saree eer Sor. assis 147, 151, 155 MAA ASCATONSIS sss semaee see ee eee 1 OA econ tad ce cpotreiree rs elaine Seen tis = clee tne 201 SEE A ST GR te eae tea ee etna Zion beeniannyNChUSi. tacos er ase oe oy eae 213 malleus sso smee cela Sone Ses oeeaconee 1 OS LO eee nil cameo eae ae ase eee ae 148, 205, 213, 222 WM BT AT ys ee eS ye ee eee Hoe aelece DT Ope ee eee eta aie ae eee ee Le OLS MArMO te: —--eeees eer see sees LTO Mavic lista meses OF Osa seme a = ae eee ee ee eee ae 148 medilocaneliataermsaemas see scecsseaeee POM My SAnNOsSOMase eee aseeee acer eee 171, 204, 214, 215 2 AS OM Beemer aetae = eeeeee eer 220 ACUMIOIMES) -..15 5 Serer emia ssl aes =e 171, 215 MMV CRON Duan tyne ee cice eee sere ae 162, 163 PIANC tee eee yexaaee ss: ss kets 168, 204, 205, 206 MUTI tae essa et een eee 2180 Crema tod avec: ee se eyasccee nan sae aeons 206 STRAT ota te el alot eee ee 194, |) Troplodytes niger. =-.-=--2.22-2-2--<- 161, 220, 222 Nom Gottheileses-s5-2 8-2 eosee er 164, 220, 222 U. 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FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 231. J. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. XX fe grrr nti iewrire ee Pes a -* ee BeP Em O oy \ to et ats. 2° = Set ——~2_£29. ANOPLOCEPHALINE TAPEWORM FROM THE -COTTONTAIL RABBIT. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 231, PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. XXt U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 9) POH S bPL9 7A» AP 2 oe ARMED TAPEWORM FROM THE ARIZONA COTTONTAIL RABBIT. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 231. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. XXIl ARMED TAPEWORMS FROM THE ARIZONA COTTONTAIL RABBIT, THE COMMON INDIAN PANGOLIN, AND THE COTTONTAIL RABBIT. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 231. BR ee hns Ser PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. XXIII PET AY UAT ag ee (ie oe ise a ke aalaeeaioai SUGAR “ PA tht ‘ ebay aa a) AS EE y we i on SP as ot (i i] id vy, 2 ' WM Wey ’ y ' i Wi y v \\ g ARMED TAPEWORM FROM THE COTTONTAIL RABBIT AND THE EASTERN JACKASS HARE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 232. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. XXIV ARMED TAPEWORM FROM THE EASTERN JACKASS HARE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 232. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. XXV 11 YOUNG STAGES OF AN ARMED TAPEWORM FROM THE COTTONTAIL RABBIT. FOR EXPLANASION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 232. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE COMMANDER ISLANDS. XII.—FISHES COLLECTED AT BERING AND COPPER ISLANDS BY NIKOLAI A. GREBNITSKI AND LEONHARD STEJNEGER. By TARLETON H. BEAN, M. D., M.S., Honorary Curator of the Department of Fishes, and : BARTON A. BEAN, . Assistant Curator of the Department of Fishes. THE COLLECTIONS here catalogued were obtained partly by Dr. Stejneger during his stay on the Commander Islands in 1882-83, and partly by Mr. Grebnitski from 1883 to 1885. The number of species is 45. Most of them were picked up on the beaches between tides; fishes from deeper waters were occasionally taken from stomachs of cod and wolf fish. No appliances for dredging or trawling were available, hence the fish fauna was by no means exhausted. Notwithstanding the unfavorable conditions for making a collection, there are several very interesting species, as, for example, Aspidopho- roides monopterygius, Gasterosteus brachypoda, Gymnelis viridis, and Liparis tunicata, forms belonging to western Atlantic and Greenland waters; the little known Cottus axillaris and Cyclopterichthys ventricosus are also represented. Doubtless, as Dr. Stejneger remarks, “‘a system- atic search would add many species,” but meanwhile the forms here mentioned will have an important bearing upon the zoological relations of the Commander Islands to the mainland of Asia and Alaska. A series of specimens of Anoplarchus from Puget Sound, Washing- ton, is introduced to show the variability of the squamation in one of its species. SQUALUS ACANTHIAS, Linnzus. A specimen was preserved in salt by Dr. Stejneger. SALVELINUS MALMA (Walbaum), Jordan and Gilbert. No. 33832, U.S.N.M. (1560). Bering Island, September 9, 1882; L. Stejneger. “Goletz” of the natives, according to the ¢ollector’s notes. No. 33836, U.S.N.M. (1561). Bering Island, September 9, 1882; L. Stejneger. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XIX—No. 1106. 238 FISHES FROM COMMANDER ISLANDS—BEAN AND BEAN, VOU. xX1x. as 33851, 6 S.N.M. (2340). Copper ‘Island, village creek, spring, 1883; L. Stejneger. ‘“(oletz” of the natives. Young, 5 ee long. No. 33820, U.S.N.M. (2510). Bering Island, 1883; L. Stejneger. No. 38999, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, December, 1884; N. Grebnitski. Four examples. ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA (Walbaum), Gill and Jordan. No. 33862, U.S.N.M. (1417a). Young. Bering Island, August 11, 1882; L. Stejneger. No. 33865, U.S.N.M. (2417). Young; L. Stejneger. Concerning the first, Dr. Stejneger gives the following: “Silvery; green with small black spots on the back. Was given by the natives as undoubted Baidarsik. The Aleutian name was said to be Tukukh, or, in order to distinguish it from No, 1485, Tchihanakh Tukukh, that is, river Tukukh.” No. 1485 of Dr. Stejneger is the Alagon Tukukh of the Aleuts, Mor- skot Okun of the Russians. ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH (Walbaum), Jordan and Gilbert. No. 33818, U.S.N.M. (2511). Male. Bering Island, spring, 1883; L. Stejneger. ete rays developed, 14; branchiostegals, 13; gill rakers, 21+; pyloric ceca few; lateral line, 130, , No. 33830, U.S.N.M. (1554). Male, juvenile. Bering Island, Sep- tember 9, 1882; L. Stejneger. Anal, 14; branchiostegals, 13; gill rakers, 20+ ; ceca few; lateral line, 133. No. 33831, U.S.N.M. (1555). Male, juvenile. Bering Island, Sep- tember 9, 1882; L. Stejneger. No. 33827, U.S.N.M. (2512). Male, adult. Bering Island, May 10, 1882; L. Stejneger. No. 33838, U.S.N.M. Female, juvenile. Bering Island, September 9, 1882; L. Stejneger. No. 39001, U.S.N.M. Juvenile. N. Grebnitski. Two specimens. ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA (Walbaum), Gill and Jordan. No. 39000, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, December, 1884, N. Grebnitski. Five young individuals. B.13; A.15; scales, 133; gill rakers, 14419; coca few. MALLOTUS VILLOSUS (Miiller), Cuvier. No. 33876, U.S.N.M. (2188). Bering Island, June 19, 1883; L. Stej- neger. No. 47560, U.S.N.M. Bering Island; L. Stejneger. Three specimens, two males and one female. The female 64 inches and the males 6 inches long. No. 1106. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 239 HEXAGRAMMUS ORDINATUS, Cope. No. 38989, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, March, 1884; N. Grebnitski. Young. D. XIX, 25; A. 25; scales 90. No. 38992, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, September, 1884; N. Grebnitski. D. XX, 24; A. 25; scales 93. HEXAGRAMMUS ASPER, Steller. No. 33847, U.S.N.M. (2533). Bering Island, September 1, 1882; L. Stejneger. D. XIX, 24; A. 25. L. lat. 93 (87 pores). A young specimen, 54 mm. long. This specimen shows a most remarkable abnormality in the develop- ment of the lateral lines. The upper line on each side extends to the middle of the soft dorsal; the second line on the left side does not quite reach to below the end of the soft dorsal, while on the right side the corresponding line extends to the caudal; on the left side the line appears to start from a point nearly above the end of the ventral and extends upward and backward to about opposite the ninth ray of the anal; there is no corresponding line on the right side. The two lines running along the base of the anal, and extending to the caudal, converge in the usual way just behind the ventrals, and are continued forward in a single line to the root of the ventrals. Gill membranes united very narrowly to the isthmus. HEXAGRAMMUS SUPERCILIOSUS (Pallas), Jordan and Gilbert. No. 333868, U.S.N.M. (1950). Bering Island, March 13, 1883, L. Stej- neger. Length of specimen, 120 mm.; D. XXII, 22; A. 28. The upper lateral line extends to below the end of the second dor- sal; the second line to the upper edge of the caudal; the third to the middle of the caudal base; the fourth starts from the throat, passes close to the root of the ventral, and is continued backward to a little beyond the middle of the anal. The two lines running along the anal base to the tail converge about at the middle of the length of the ven- trals, and are continued forward on the ridge of the abdomen almost to the isthmus. There is no trace of the branch characteristic of H. ordinatus, which begins a little in advance of the ventral origin and extends upward and backward to a point below the middle of the pec- toral and sometimes farther back. No. 38988, U.S.N.M.; Bering Island, March, 1884; N. Grebnitski. Young. D. XX, 23; A. 22; scales, 104. PLEUROGRAMMUS MONOPTERYGIUS (Pallas), Gill. No. 33821, U.S.N.M. (1669). Saranskaya Bay, Bering Island, Septem- ber 30, 1882; L. Stejneger. There is a color drawing by the collector whose notes upon the spe- cies are as follows: “Called by the natives Sudak, the Russian name 940 FISHES FROM COMMANDER ISLANDS—BEAN AND BEAN. Vou.xix. of Tucioperca sandra (Linnzeus); is rather common at Copper Island, where it is extensively used for food. At Bering Island it is said to be rather scarce.” No. 38990, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, February, 1885; N. Grebnitski. SEBASTICHTHYS, species. No. 33900, U.S.N.M. (1748). Bering Island, November 26, 1882; L. Stejneger. From the gullet of Larus canus. One specimen, same as No. 33864, U.S.N.M., 41 mm. long to base of caudal. No. 33864, U.S.N. M. (2347). Copper Island, on the beach, spring of 1883; L. Stejneger. oe of specimen, 62 mm. D. XI, 15; A. III, 7. Tubes in lateral line 51. The lower jaw projects and the spines fe the head are well developed; they comprise nasal, three pairs along the upper edge of the orbit, another pair on the nape and a pair of long spines on the occiput. COTTUS QUADRICORNIS, Linnzus. No. 33875, U.S.N.M. (2487). Bering Island, 1883; L. Stejneger. Young. D, VII, 14. A. 22: COTTUS, species. No. 47571, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, July, 1895; L. Stejneger. D. X, —. en ete 19 mm.; too small for idewnata nan COTTUS POLYACANTHOCEPHALUS, Pallas. No. 33845, U.S.N.M. (1815). Bering Island, December 23, 1882; L. Stejneger. D. X, 14; A. 11. ‘Color, dark olive gray with irregular lighter mottlings. Belly and sides with large oblong whitish spots. Pectorals dusky, with one per- fect and two imperfect yellowish bands. Abdominals whitish, with two broad and distinct blackish cross bands and a fainter and narrower one at the base.”—(Stejneger. ) No. 47572, U.S.N.M. Very young, two specimens. Beach, Copper Island, August 6, 1895; L. Stejneger. D. X,15; A.13. The larger is only 1,3; inches long. These may be C. niger Bean. COTTUS PLATYCEPHALUS, Pallas. =? C. Decastrensis, Kner. No. 38983, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, March, 1884; N. Grebnitski. COTTUS NIGER, Bean. No. 33899, U.S.N.M. (1464). Bering Island, August 14, 1882; L. Stejneger. ‘Found on the beach. Iris silvery alternating with violet red.”—(Stejneger). No. 33872, U.S.N.M. (1630). Young. Bering Island, September 12, 1882; L. Stejneger. No. 1106. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 241 No. 33833, U.S.N.M. (1663). Young. Bering Island, September 23, 1882; L. Stejneger. No. 33887, U.S.N.M. (2260). Young. Copper Island, July 14, 1883; L. Stejneger. No. 33850, U.S.N.M. (2335). Young. Copper Island, spring, 1883; L. Stejneger. No. 33881, U.S.N.M. (2336). Young. Copper Island, spring, 1883; L. Stejneger. No. 33863, U.S.N.M. (2837). Copper Island, spring, 1883; L. Stejne- ere DD, VII 17s A. 12. Doubtful icahacabon No, 33908, U.S.N.M. (2775). Copper Island, spring, 1883; L. Stejne- ger. D.IX,15; A.12. Doubtful identification. No. 38979, U.S.N.M. Bering Island (?); N. Grebnitski. D. VII-IX, 15-17; A. 12-15; V. 1,3. Doubtful identification. No. 38980, U.S.N.M. Peune Island, March, 1885; N. Grebnitski. DIX, 16; A. il. Length, 52 inches. No. 38981, U.S.N.M. Beane Island, March, 1884; N. Grebitski. COTTUS AXILLARIS (Gill), Bean. No. 39428, U.S.N.M. Bering Island; N. Grebnitski. Total length, 4 inches; length to oe base, 34 Inches. Head, 12 inches; eye, 44 in head. The maxilla reaches to below the hind margin of pupil; the ventral to the base of the second anal ray; the pectoral to the base of the seventh anal ray. The snout is very narrow, acute, shorter than the eye. The inter- orbital space very narrow, less than one-half length of eye. Postorbital ridges inconspicuous. Several milk-white blotches at base of pectoral. A band of the same color on the first half of pectoral; two similar blotches behind pectoral and about seven on the side of the body. iB: Vi; DIX, 14; V.1,.3; A. 12. pores 344-2. ENOPHRYS DICERAUS, Pallas. No. 39499, U.S.N.M. Bering Island; N. Grebnitski. Length, 15 inches. BLEPSIAS CIRRHOSUS (Pallas), Giinther. No. 47563, U.S.N.M. Bering Island; L. Stejneger. Length, 27 inches. D. IV, Ill, 23; A. 18; lateral line, 56. HEMILEPIDOTUS JORDANI, Bean. No. 33843, U.S.N.M. (1705). Bering Island, November 1, 1882; L. Stejneger. D. XI, 22; A. 18. There is a color drawing of this exam- ple by Dr. Stejneger. Proc. N. M. vol. xix 16 ‘ 2942 FISHES FROM COMMANDER ISLANDS —BEAN AND BEAN. vouxix. No. 38986, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, March, 1883; N. Grebnistki. To eR ers A hs : No. 38987, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, December, 1884; N. Grebnitski. Two individuals taken near shore. Mr. Grebnitski gives the native name of Kalaga. D. XI, 21; A. 16-18. ARTEDIUS LATERALIS, Girard. No. 38985, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, January, 1885; N. Grebnitski. “From stomach of Gadus morrhua.” D. TX, 18; A. 13. GYMNACANTHUS PISTILLIGER (Pallas), Gill. No. 33889, U.S.N.M. (1948). Bering Island, May 12, 1883; L. Stej- neger. A young example, 50 mm. long, from the stomach of a cod (Gadus morrhua). D. XI,15; A.18. On account of the size and condition of the specimen its identification is doubtful; indeed, the armor of the head and its length resemble those characters in galeatus rather than pistilliger. CYCLOPTERICHTHYS VENTRICOSUS (Steindachner), Jordan and Gilbert. No. 33837, U.S.N.M. (2012). Bering Island, May 7, 1883; L. Stej- neger. “This is the Miakaia Riba or Miakinka, i. e., soft fish. The first one of this spring (1883) was taken on March 21, and they were afterwards found in great numbers on the beach up to the middle of May, when they again disappeared. “In the beginning the natives eat them with great gusto, but soon get tired of them, and they are then used only for food for the sledge dogs. Mr. Volokitin informed me that the same species occurs, but much more scarce, at Atka, on which island he was born.”—(Stejneger.) Dr. Stejneger made a color drawing of this species, one-fourth nat- ural size. No. 33806, U.S.N.M. (2513). Bering Island, spring of 1883; L. Stej- neger. D.10; A.7; P.19. ‘‘Miakinka’ of the natives.”—(Stejneger.) EUMICROTREMUS SPINOSUS (Miller), Gill. No. 38976, U.S.N.M. Bering Island; N.Grebnitski. “From stomach of Alepidosaurus esculapius.” Alepidosaurus esculapius is not in the collections forwarded by Messrs. Grebnitski and Stejneger, but, as it is quite well known at Unalaska, there is little doubt that it occurs in the deep waters around the Com- mander Islands. LIPARIS CALLIODON (Pallas), Gunther. No. 33822, U.S.N.M. (1124). Bering Island, May 30, 1882; L. Stej- neger. Found onthe beach. oD No. 33823, U.S.N.M. (1662). Bering Island, September 23, 1882; L. Stejneger. Length to caudal base,67 mm. Head, 17mm. Hye, 24 mm. Greatest height, 15 mm. The maxilla reaches nearly to the vertical through the middle of the eye. Interorbital space, 7 mm.; snout,5mm. Distance of dorsal from snout, 24 mm.; anal from snout, 31 mm. Ventral disk,7mm. Middle caudal rays, 12 mm. Length of pectoral,9 mm. Vent from snout, 22mm. Width of head, 14 mm. D. about 33; A. 24 or 25. Colors: ‘Above yellowish olive, whitish below.” ‘ Picked up on the beach at low water.”—(Stejneger. ) No. 33846, U.S.N.M. Two specimens from Bering Island, the larger one measuring 88 mm. to the caudal base and the smaller one 71 mm. Both are females, the larger one with eggs well developed and the smaller with mature ova. D. 31; A. 27. No. 33856, U.S.N.M. (2338). Copper Island, spring, 1883; L. Stej- neger. The ventral disk is about one-half as long as the head. The eye one-half length of snout, less than one-sixth length of head. D. about 32; A. 24. The larger specimen, 69 mm. long to base of caudal, is a female with eggs moderately developed. The smaller is 59 mm. long to caudal base. No. 33884, U.S.N.M. (2339). Copper Island, spring, 1883; L. Stej- neger. Two young examples, 33 mm. in length each. These have the first dorsal elevated, and are probably males. No. 38972, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, March, 1884; N. Grebnitski. Hight specimens. Two of them have D. VII, 26 and V, 30; A. 25; the rest have the anal rays 28 to 30. This series, together with Dr. Stejneger’s examples, will prove that L. cyclopus of Giinther is identical with L. calliodon. _ No. 38973, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, March, 1883; N. Grebnitski. Two specimens. Anal rays 26 in one, 27 in the other. No. 47561, U.S.N.M. Bering Island; L. Stejneger. Hight individ- uals, the largest 53 inches long, the smallest 23 inches. The largest has D. V, 31; A. 29. LIPARIS TUNICATA, Reinhardt (?). % Liparis fabrictt, GUNTHER, Cat., III, 161. No. 38975, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, November, 1883; N. Grebntiski. D. 7, 33; A. 32; P. 37; C. 13; length, 9 inches. Color, uniform pur- plish brown, except the disk, which is pale. First seven dorsal rays differentiated from the rest of the fin and somewhet elevated. Snout broad and blunt, projecting beyond the lower jaw; its length one-third the length of the head, and less than the width of the interorbital space, which is three-sevenths of the length of the head. - Anterior nostrils tubular, posterior not tubular. The length of the anterior nostril is about two-thirds that of the eye. Nape moderately 944 FISHES FROM COMMANDER ISLANDS—BEAN AND BEAN, Vou.x1x. elevated. Eye very small, its length equal to one-fifth the width of — interorbital space, and less than one-third the length of the snout. The angle of the mouth is about under the middle of the eye; the ; width of the mouth at the angle equals the length of the head without i the snout. The greatest width of the head is equal to its length, which is three-elevenths of the total to caudal base. Teeth in many rows in the jaws, sometimes blunt, but nearly all sharp pointed; no apparent tricuspid teeth. The disk is placed very little behind the vertical through the hind margin of the eye. Its width and length are nearly equal, the latter equal to width of interorbital space and contained 84 times in the total length to caudal base. The distance of the dorsal from the snout is one-third of the total length to caudal base. The longest dorsal ray is one-half as long as the head. The distance of the vent from the disk is a little more than one-fourth the length of the head, the vent being almost under the origin of the dorsal. The anal origin is under the eleventh dorsal ray. The pectoral reaches beyond the vent; its length equals that of the postocular part of head. The caudal is one-half as long as head, and is not continuous with the dorsal and anal. ; This does not agree with the descriptions of J. tunicata and L. fabricii in color and in the continuity of the vertical fins, but in other respects the agreement appears to be perfect. L. arctica, Gill, which this species resembles in color, has the vertical fins confluent, the interorbital space one-third length of head, the caudual one seventh of total length, and the anterior nostrils simple and posterior tubular. Rn as le ek a ¥ tee Sea 4 ae a > 6b: ee ee he HYPSAGONUS QUADRICORNIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes), Gill. No. 38984, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, January, 1885; N. Grebnitski. D. X, 6; A. 10; V.3. ‘From stomach of Gadus morrhua.” PODOTHECUS ACIPENSERINUS (Tilesius), Gill. { No. 47570, U.S.N.M. Bering Island; N. Grebnitski. Length, 4§ imches. D: 1X, 6; A. 7;\D.latiot Head 53 in length to caudal base. Depth equals one-half head. Eye, one-half snout, 43 in head. A pair of spines at tip of snout, a pair on snout near tip, a pair close together on top of snout near the eyes. Supraocular produced behind into a short flat spine on each side. Tufts of cirri under the snout and near angie of mouth. ASPIDOPHOROIDES MONOPTERYGIUS (Bloch), Storer. ; No. 33849, U.S.N.M. (2769). Copper Island 1882; L. Stejneger. One specimen, 52mm. long. D. V; A. 5; L. lat., 49. EP are No. 1106. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 245 BATHYMASTER SIGNATUS, Cope. No. 33895, U.S.N.M. (1228). Copper Island, June 28, 1883; LL. Stej- neger. Three specimens. These are the youngest examples of the species in the Museum; the length is only 47 mm., and the sides are banded, the number of bands being 9 or 10, about two-thirds as wide as the eye is long and extending upon the dorsal fin. The dark blotch at the beginning of the dorsal is very distinct, as is also the line of minute black dots under the dorsal base. D.46; A. 32; scales, 97. No. 34869, U.S.N.M. (No. 2333). Bering Island, Stare Gavan; L. Stejneger. Length of example, 180 mm.; D. 44; A. 33; lateral line, 94, not quite reaching base of caudal and ending much nearer dorsal outline than middle of depth. Head scaleless, but profusely covered with mucous pores. Gill rakers very short, 15 below angle of first arch. No. 47559, U.S.N.M. Bering Island; L. Stejneger. One example, 74 inches long. D.45; A. 31; lateral line, 98. No. 38968, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, 1885; N. Grebnitski. One young “from stomach of Gadus morrhua.” No. 38969, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, November, 1883; N. Grebnitski. No. 38970, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, August, 1884; N. Grebnitski. No. 33890, U.S.N.M. (1947). Bering Island; L. Stejneger, March 12, 1882. From stomach of Gadus morrhua. Length, 44 inches; head, ~; depth, 3%; snout shorter than eye, which is nearly 4in head. Mavxilla extends to below hind margin of eye. Lateral line pores about 90. The condition of the specimen is such that the dorsal can not be counted with any certainty, but there are not fewer than 41 rays and spines. A. 33. 30dy light brown without traces of black cross bands. Mucous pores on postorbital region and opercles with narrow black margin giving the appearance of black specks; fins dark. More elongate than the ordinary signatus, being somewhat similar in form and coloration to B. hypoplectus of Gilbert, but differing from the latter in having a greater cleft of mouth, scaleless cheeks, and gill membranes not broadly united. TRICHODON TRICHODON (Tilesius). No. 33841, U.S.N.M: (1955). Bering Island, March 14, 1883; L. Stejneger. ‘‘Found dead ashore. Silver colored with black spots.”— (Stejneger. ) No. 33828, U.S.N.M. (1968). Bering Island, April 10, 1883; L. Stejneger. Four examples, from 5 inches to 64 inches long. ‘Tris silver colored with faint pinkish reflex. Color silver white with afaint gloss of brass above. Spots blackish. Aleut name, Anamlukh. Rather common at that time.”—(Stejneger.) i seaiieicea 246 FISHES FROM COMMANDER ISLANDS—BEAN AND BEAN. Vou.xrx. No 33878, U SN TM. (2: 316). Copper Island; rT Stejneger. No. ‘38971, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, March, 1884; N. Grebnitski. Three ‘hareiin aia, ANOPLARCHUS ALECTROLOPHUS (Pallas), Jordan and Gilbert. No. 33904, U.S.N.M. (1029). Bering island, May 10, 1882; L. Stej- neger. Two specimens. Length, 90 to 97mm. D. LXI; A. 45. The following color notes were made by the collector: Color, olive brown, with darker and lighter spots. On the lower jaw. several transverse light, dark-bordered stripes. Both of these have the crest on the head well developed. No. 33819, U.S.N.M. (1126). Bering Island, May 30, 1882; L. Stej- neger. On the beach. Forty-nine specimens. Length, 40 to 122 mm. No. 33894, U.S.N.M. (1463). Bering Island, August 14, 1882; L. Stej- neger. “Beach, Color purplish black, with cream-colored figures.” eset. 28mm. D. LIX; A. 42. No. 33893, U.S.N.M. (1921). Bering Island, February 20, 1883; Lb. Btemares, Found on beach. Colors observed by the collector: Color purplish blackish brown, with bluish white spots on anal and sides of lower jaw. Length, 93 mm. Crest well developed. No. 33905, U.S.N.M. (1946). Bering Island, March 11, 1883; L. Stej- neger. ‘Color purplish blackish brown.” Length, 70 mm. No. 33891, U.S.N.M. (1949). Bering Island, March 13,1883; L. Stej- neger. A color drawing of this example by Dr. Stejneger. Length, 92mm. D. LXIT; A. 45. No. 33871, U.S.N.M. (2345). Copper Island, spring of 1883; L. Stej- neger. Length,78 mm. D. LXII; A. 43. Crest well developed. No. 33892, U.S.N.M. (2353). Bering Island, spring, 1883; L. Stej- neger. Three young, 36 to 50 mm. long. D. LXIII; A. 45 in the largest. No. 33880, U.S.N.M. (2488). Bering Island; L. Stejneger. Three specimens, length, 75 to 85mm. One of these has D. LX; A. 45, and the scales absent on anterior half of body in front of seventh anal ray; it has also a low crest. The same absence of scales is found in 38960 and 38962 of Grebnitski’s collection, and in various examples of Dr. Stejneger’s. No. 38961, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, November, 1883; N. Grebnitski. One specimen 90 mm., with a high crest. D. LXI; Ps; ‘, No. 38962, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, March, 1884; N. Grebnitski. Twenty-six specimens, showing a great deal of variation in the devel- opment of the crest. The smallest is 61 mm. long, largest 113. D. LXITI; A. 45. In the largest example, D. LXIII; A. 44. The variability in the squamation is still further shown in the fol- lowing individuals from the State of Washington. D. LVI; A. 39. The length of this specimen is 115 mm, It has a No. 1106. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. QAT distinct black blotch at the beginning of the dorsal fin, on the mem. brane between the first and second and second and third spines. All of the eleven specimens of this catalogue number (34321, Port Town- send, Washington) have the same characteristic blotch at the origin of the dorsal, but it is usually single and about as long as the eye. In all of these specimens the anterior portion of the body from the head to sixth anal ray is naked. In one of the examples, 113 mm. long, the dorsal has 55 spines and the anal 39 rays. In a specimen, No. 42053, from Seattle, Washington, 132 mm. long, the anterior portion of the body is naked, as in the other specimens. The black blotch is present on the dorsal, and the same is true in all of the twelve examples of this entry. The dorsai in a very large specimen (140 mm. long) has only 57 spines, and the anal 39 rays. Still another example has D. LVI; A. 39. PHOLIS ORNATUS (Girard), Gill. No. 33826, U.S.N.M. (1028). Bering Island, May 10, 1882; L. Stejne- ger. Dr. Stejneger describes the color as bronze olive. There are two specimens, the larger one 90 mm. and the smaller 56 mm. long to the base of the caudal fin. No. 33861, U.S.N.M. (1125). Bering Island, May 30, 1882; L. Stej- neger. Total length of specimen, 115 mm.; length of caudal, 7 mm. The dorsal contains about 75 spines. No. 38965, U.S.N.M. Bering island, March, 1884; N. Grebnitski. Eleven specimens, varying in color from light olive brown to bright pink. All have the ocellated spots along the spinous dorsal well devel- oped. They vary in length from 77 to 130 mm. No. 33873, U.S.N.M. (2342). Copper Island, April, 1883; L. Stejne- ger. On the beach. Length to base of caudal, 117mm. D. LXXX; A. II, 37; head scaleless. No. 33886, U.S.N.M. (2344). Copper Island, spring, 1883; L. Stej- neger. Found onthe beach. Length of specimen,53mm. D,UXXIX; A ET, ST. PHOLIS RUBERRIMUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). No. 33834, U.S.N.M. (1050). Bering Island, May 15, 1882; L. Stej- neger. Length of specimen, 205mm. D. XCV; A. IT, 44. Eye equal to snout, 5 in head. Mouth very oblique, the maxilla scarcely reaching to below the front of the eye, its length 34 in head; mandible 24 in head; middle caudal rays, 2 in head. The head is contained in the total length, without caudal, 9 times, the greatest depth 8 times. The body is very much compressed; the vent is nearly midway between the end of the head and the origin of the middle caudal rays. The pectoral is well developed, containing ldrays. Its length equals two-fifths that of the head. Thescales are very thin, small, and inconspicuous. Ventrals, under the base of the 948 FISHES FROM COMMANDER ISLANDS—BEAN AND BEAN, VOU. XIX. pectorals, each consisting of a short spine only two-thirds as long as the eye. The caudal is united with the dorsal and the anal, but is not tapering. The following are Dr. Stejneger’s field notes: ‘ Color olive brown, with minute black spots; belly yellowish; a white line runs through the lower border of the nostrils, below the eyes backward to the pos- terior margin of the operculum in the direction of the pectoral fin.” No. 33855, U.S.N.M. (2341). Copper Island, spring of 1883; L. Stej- neger. Length of specimen, 155 mm. D. XCIV; A. Il, 46 0r47. In this specimen the maxilla extends to a point below the front of the eye. The pectoral is two-fifths as long as the head, and the ventral but two-thirds as long as the eye. The caudal is connate with the dorsal and anal, but is distinetly differenti- ated from these and consists of a large number of rays (22). No. 33877, U.S.N.M. (2341). Same as above. This example, which is 117 mm. long, has 92 dorsal spines. Its pink color is still preserved, and there are traces of numerous narrow, nearly vertical, pale bars across the posterior portion of the dorsal fin. No. 38963, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, March, 1884; N. Grebnitski. Six specimens. The bright pink color of these examples is well pre- served. In one of them the dorsal has 94 spines; anal II, 46. The coloration of the species is very brilliant. Across the spinous dorsal there are 20 narrow, nearly vertical, pale streaks. Similar streaks to the number of 12 cross the anal. Along the middle line of the body there are 18 small, narrow, round, pale spots at irregular intervals about as large as the pupil. Some of the specimens still show the white line running obliquely from the tip of the snout under the eye to the end of the head, limited above in some specimens by a narrow line slightly darker than the body color. The pectoral is pale at base and tip, the middle portion pink. Sometimes the pink area is closer to the base, leaving most of the fin pale. The length of these examples varies from 130 to 150 mm. In only one of these the caudal fin is sharply differentiated from the dorsal and anal by the oblique direction of its rays. GYMNELIS VIRIDIS (Fabricius), Reinhardt. No. 33897, U.S.N.M. (1005). Copper Island, beach, May 6, 1882; L. Stejueger. No. 33901, U.S.N.M. (1513). Copper Island, May 6, 1882; L. Stejneger. No. 33885, U.S.N.M. (2343). Copper Island, beach, spring, 1883; L. Stejneger. No. 33870, U.S.N.M. (2345). Copper Island, beach, spring, 1883; L, Stejneger. ANARRHICHAS LEPTURUS, Bean. No. 33902, U.S.N.M. (1001). Bering Sea, May 1, 1882; L. Stejneger. A single very young individual was found on ae deck of the vessel atter a gale. NO. 1106, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 249 The length is slightly more than 19 mm. The dorsal is long and begins near the head. The anal is long and the vent is not far behind the head. Eye very large. Pectorals large. A separate caudal. I am unable to find ventrals. Although the specimen is very small, it is pretty certain that it represents the species named. AMMODYTES PERSONATUS, Girard. No. 33898, U.S.N.M. (1706). Bering Island, November 3, 1882; L. Stejneger, ‘Cast ashore. Color silvery; back green, iridescent at the border of the silvery white of the lower surface; on top of head a golden yellowish spot.” Three specimens; average length, 83 mm. No. 33906, U.S.N.M. (1707). Same as above; six specimens, the largest 85 mm. long. No. 33907, U.S.N.M. (1708). Seven specimens, the largest 90 mm., same locality as the two preceding and the same notes by the collector. No. 33883, U.S.N.M. (2189). Bering Island, May, 1883; L. Stejneger. Branchiostegals 6. D. 61; A. 29. Lateral folds, 160; pores, 133. Length of specimen, 117 mm. No. 47562, U.S.N.M. Bering Island; L. Stejneger. D. 59; A. 28. Length, 63 inches; head, 12 inches. Mandible reaches to below middle of eye. Depth, three-fourths of an inch, one-eighth of total without caudal. Head nearly 44 in total to caudal base. Lateral folds, 142. GADUS MORRHDA, Linnzus. No. 33825, U.S.N.M. (1681). Bering Island, October 10, 1882; L. Stejneger. A single young example of which Dr. Stejneger made a color drawing. POLLACHIUS CHALCOGRAMMUS (Pallas), Jordan and Gilbert. No. 33882, U.S.N.M. (1893). Bering Island, March 30, 1882; L. Stej- neger. A single example 44 inches long. ELEGINUS NAVAGA (Kolreuter). No, 33840, U.S.N.M. (1902). Bering Island, February 10, 1883; L. Stejneger. This was found dead on the beach. Dr. Stejneger noted the following colors: “Above olive gray, below whitish, sides with a gloss of brass.” No. 33829, U.S.N.M. (1903). Bering Island, February 11, 1883; L. Stejneger. No, 33835, U.S.N.M. (1904). Bering Island, February 11, 1883; L. Stejneger. No. 38956, U.S.N.M. (1). Bering Island, March, 1884; N. Grebnitski. One example. No. 38957, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, February, 1885; N. Grebnitski. Une specimen from a fresh-water lagoon, 2 miles from the station. 950 FISHES FROM COMMANDER ISLANDS—BEAN AND BEAN. VOU. XIx. PLEURONECTES STELLATUS, Pallas. No. 33842, U.S.N.M. (1642). Bering Island, September, 1882, L. Stejneger. GASTEROSTEUS CATAPHRACTUS (Pallas), Jordan and Gilbert. No. 33867, U.S.N.M. (1027). Bering Island, May 10, 1882, L. Stej- neger. Fifteen specimens. No. 33860, U.S.N.M. (1050). Bering Island, May 15, 1882, L. Stej- neger. Length of specimen, 71 mm. D.U, 1,14; A. 1,9; P.10. Lateral plates, 34. The ventrals extend to the end of the pubic bone. The upper and lower pectoral rays are slightly longer than the middle rays, so that the fin when naturally expanded shows a slightly concave posterior margin. The caudal keel is well developed. The ventral spines are strongly serrated on their upper edge and rough along the lower margin with some strong serra- tions at the base. No. 38954, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, N. Grebnitski. Four speci- mens, ranging from 71 to 80 mm. in length. GASTEROSTEUS MICROCEPHALUS, Girard. No. 33853, U.S.N.M. (1272). Saranna Lake, Bering Island, July 17, 1882, L. Stejneger. Three specimens, the two larger 90 mm., the smallest 50 mm. long. D. 11, 1,11; A. 1,8. There are eight plates developed on each side; the first two small, the last reaching to or slightly beyond the end of the extended pectoral. In general appearance this species resembles cataphractus with the posterior portion of the body naked. No. 38955, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, N. Grebnitski. One specimen, 70 mm. long. This is a very short-bodied individual, its depth equal- ing two-sevenths of the length without caudal. It has only four large lateral plates developed and two or three rudiments. Four additional examples were obtained here. No. 38952, U.S.N.M. (1337). Bering Island, July 28, 1882, L. Stej- neger. ‘From fresh-water pond behind the new cemetery.” Seven specimens, young, the largest being but 18 mm. long; one with three dorsal spines. The lateral plates on some of the examples are not developed, but there is little doubt that these belong to microcephalus. No. 39430, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, N. Grebnitski. Two specimens, the larger 80 and the smaller 65 mm. long. The former has eight plates developed, the eighth being just behind the end of the extended pec- toral; the anterior three are very small. The ventrals do not reach to the end of the pubic bone. D. II, 1,12; A. I, 9. The smaller example has one more plate developed on the left side than on the right. No. 1106. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 251 GASTEROSTEUS PUNGITIUS BRACHYPODA, Bean. No. 33896, U.S.N.M. (1275). Bering Island, July 20, 1882, L. Stejne- ger. Four examples, the largest 28 mm. long. From small fresh- water pond in Gavanskaya Swamp. D. X,10; A. I, 9. No. 33824, U.S.N.M. (1337). Bering Island, July 28, 1882, Stejneger. From fresh-water pond behind the new cemetery. Female 60 mm. long, with eggs. Dorsal spines alternating, XI, 11; A.I,9. The ven- tral spines do not extend to the posterior end of the pubic bone; their length equals two-fifths that of the head, being nearly equal to eye and snout combined. No. 38953, U.S.N.M. Bering Island, January, 1885, N. Grebnitski. Six specimens. Some of these specimens show distinct dark bands along the sides, in one example 11 in number. In other specimens the bands are more or less obscure. There is a curious diversity in the arrangement of the dorsal spines, which in some cases are nearly in a straight line throughout the greater part of the length of dorsal base, while in others the alternation is so decided as to make the top of the back resemble a hedge. The specimens with distinct bands are appar- ently males. They vary in length from 38 to 62 mm. Five of the larger examples have the stomachs distended by intestinal worms. From a single specimen four of these large parasites resembling tape worms were taken, the worms being broad, flat, and about 25 mm. in length. No. 39431, U.S.N.M. Same as above. Six specimens varying in length from 52 to 80 min. In all of these the ventral spine is very short, shorter than the pubic bone; the largest example has the ven- tral spine one-third as long’as the head. D. VITI-X, I, 9-10; A. I, 8-9. No. 39432, U.S.N.M. As above. One specimen, 70 mm. long. In this example the dorsal has 12 spines and 10 rays, and the anal is I, 9; length, 24% inches. wy. wee ‘(5 IS THE FLORIDA BOX TORTOISE A DISTINCT SPECIES? By EInNAR LONNBERG. In my *“ Notes on Reptiles and Batrachians collected in Florida in 1892 and 1893,”'! I recorded Terrapene carolina (Linneus) among the Testudinata of my collection. Recently this form was divided into sev- eral “species,” and from Florida a ‘‘new species” was described under the nameof Terrapene bauri, Taylor? Itistherefore natural that I should be curious to learn to which of the six North American “species” my Florida specimen belonged, and for that reason I re-examined a skeleton of aspecimen caught not far from Apopka, Orange County, Florida. It seems that two of the most important characters are osteological, namely, first, presence and different development or absence of the zygo- matic arch; second, number of phalanges of fingers and toes. Hence one ought to be able to classify a skeleton without difficulty. My specimen had the hind limb with only three clawed digits and would thus, according to Taylor, be 7. bauri, or T. mexicana, or T. triunguis. The number of the phalanges on the fore foot are 2, 5, 3, 3, 2, and on the hind foot 2, 3, 3, 2,1 (07). This indicates 7. bauri, but T. baurt should have a complete zygomatic arch, and my specimen has none. In fact, there is not the slightest rudiment left of any quadratojugal, so that in this respect my specimen agrees with 7. ornata, a species with four clawed digits on the hind limb and que different number of pha- langes (fore foot, 2, 2, 2, 2,2; hind foot, 2, 3, 3, 3,1). The osteological characters of ‘hie Florida specimen are therefore not identical with those of any hitherto described “species.” Still I do not wish to create anew one. The color of my specimen corresponds very closely to that of T. bauri.’ The ground color of the carapace is dark brown with yellow keel, yellow radiating lines with a few spots of the same color. The plastron is yellow with mostly transverse, brown markings. The length of carapace is 165 mm. It would appear that Taylor established the species 7. bauwri on only one specimen. Under such circumstances the perovals possibilities fee U.S. Nat. Mus. XV I, 1894, pp. 317-339. 2W. EH. TAYLOR: The hos tortoises of North America, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VII, 1894, pp. 573-588. 3 T. bauri and ornata resemble each other in color. SREGEEO NES WU: S. Reonee NMoceune vou XIxX— Ne. 1107. bo oO a 254 FLORIDA BOX TORTOISE—LONNBERG. VOL, XIX, can be considered: (1) 7. bauri, Taylor, and my specimen belong to the same species, although one of the specimens is anomalous; or (2) they belong to different varieties; or (3) one of them is a hybrid form. The first supposition seems rather improbable, for if the one speci- men has a zygomatic arch one must expect to find at least rudiments of a quadratojugal in the other. On the other hand, it would be strange if two different forms of this genus lived in the same region but were not known outside of that territory. Or are perhaps all the forms of Terrapene only local varieties? This opinion seems, however, now to be abandoned by most zoologists since Boulenger lately accepted as species five North American forms of this genus.’ With the material now at command, the nature of the Florida form can not be decided, but I have thought it desirable to point out the differences in my Florida specimen and to call the attention of American zoologists to the box tortoise of Florida, and at the same time add a little to the knowl- edge of the variations of this genus. 1Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6 ser., XV, 1895, pp. 330-331, namely: mejor, Agassiz, mexicana, Gray, cinosternoides, Gray (= older name for this form than triunguis, Agas- siz), carolina (Linneeus), and ornata, Agassiz, from Yucatan—yucatana. Sea shee Saat, SUMMARY OF THE HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN, PRESENTED TO THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BY PRO- FESSOR MITZUKURIL. By PuHrIuie R. UHLER, President of the Maryland Academy of Sciences. THE FOLLOWING list, with the descriptions of species supposed to be new to science, includes the collection of Japanese Hemiptera, which was exhibited at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and subsequently presented to the United States National Museum by Doctor K. Mitzukuri, Professor at the Imperial University of Tokio, Japan. It embraces the greatest number of species of this order which have thus far been made accessible for scientific study. The museums of Europe are not rich in collections of these insects from Japan, and it is only within the last twenty-five years that much attention has been given to their acquisition. Thunberg was the first to describe any con- siderable number of the species, and a lapse of thirty-five years took place before Motschulsky next took up the subject and described a few additional species. The later authors who have recently made known the largest proportion of the species are Messrs. Scott, Distant, and Horvath, but they seem to have been unacquainted with a considerable number of the species enumerated in the present paper. In all, about 137 species are present in this collection, and they appear to have been taken generally in the more southern and warmer parts of the islands. A few more than twenty species described from other localities in the Empire are not among those here recorded, but they are only a small part of the ample fauna yet to be recognized when the various districts of the country shall have been closely examined. Suborder HETEROPTERA. Family ARTHROPTERID 4. COPTOSOMA CRIBRARIA, Fabricius. Coptosoma cribraria, FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst. Supp., p. 551. Thirteen specimens are in this collection. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XIX—No. 1108. ho OU Cl 256 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. COPTOSOMA BIGUTTULA, Motschulsky. : 4 | Coptosoma biguttula, MoTSCHULSKY, Bull Soc. Moscow, 1859, p. 501, Twenty-seven specimens of this form were taken. Family SCUTELLERID 2. CHRYSOCORIS GRANDIS, Thunberg. Chrysocoris grandis, THUNBERG, Noy. Ins. Spec., 1783, p. 31. Six specimens of two varieties are in the collection. Subtumily GRAPHOSOMINA. BOLBOCORIS RETICULATA, Dallas. Bolbocoris reticulata, DALLAS, Brit. Mus. List, I, p. 45. Four specimens were secured. GRAPHOSOMA LINEATA, Linnzus. Graphosoma lineata, LINNUS, Syst. Nat., 10 ed., p. 442. Nineteen specimens are in the collection. The specimens from Japan vary in the width of the black stripes, and to a small degree in the structure of the genital segments of the male. Subfamily HURYGASTRINA. EURYGASTER MAURUS, Linnezus. Burygaster maurus, LINNAUS, Fauna Suec., p. 246. Eleven specimens variable in size and pattern of marking are at present in this collection. Family CYDNID 2. MACROSCYTUS JAPONENSIS, Scott. Macroscytus japonensis, Scorr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 294. Three specimens are included in the collection. 4ETHUS NIGROPICEUS, Scott. thus nigropiceus, Scorr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 294. Fifteen individuals of this common insect were secured. Family PENTATOMIDA. Subfamily HALYDINA. HALYOMORPHA PICUS, Fabricius. POAT. Halyomorpha picus, FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst., IV, p. 115. Kight specimens are in the collection. No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 257 Subfamily ASOPINA. ZICRONA CCEURULEA, Linnzus. Zicrona coerulea, LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10 ed., p. 445. Only a single specimen is present. PICROMERUS LEWISI, Scott. Picromerus lewisi, Scott, Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1874, p. 5. Two individuals are in the collection. Subfamily ACANTHOSOMINA. ACANTHOSOMA DISTINCTUM, Dallas. Acanthosoma distinctum, DALLAS, Brit. Mus. List, I, p. 304. Seven specimens were secured. ACANTHOSOMA SCUTELLATA, Scott. Acanthosoma scutellata, Scott, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 301. Five specimens are present in the collection. CLINOCORIS GRAMINEUS, Distant. Clinocoris gramineus, DISTANT, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 426. Five specimens of this form were also secured. CLINOCORIS SIGNORETI, Scott. Clinocoris signoreti, Scott, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 305. Three specimens only are present. Subfamily PENTATOMINA. TROPICORIS JAPONICUS, Distant, Tropicoris japonicus, DISTANT, Entom. Month. Mag., 1882, p. 76. Ten specimens are in the collection. NEZARA VIRIDULA, Linnezus. Nezara viridula, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 10 ed., 1758, p. 444. Nine specimens of two varieties were taken for this collection. NEZARA ANTENNATA, Scott. Nezara antennata, Scorr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 299. Nine specimens are in the collection. ZENARIA ASSIMULANS, Distant. Enaria assimulans, DISTANT, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 421. Eight specimens were secured for this collection. Proc. N. M. vol. xix——17 258 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. YOL. XIX. ZENARIA LEWISI, Scott. Ainaria lewisi, Scorr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 296. Eight specimens were placed in the collection. DOLYCORIS SACCARUM, Linnzus. Dolycoris saccarum, LINN.2US, Syst. Nat., 10 ed., p. 721. This common European species is represented here by three speei- meus. EYSARCORIS PARVA, new species. Grayish ivory-white, polished, short and broad, with the head, cal- losities, basal margin of scutellum, three short streaks at its apex, areas on the pleura, sides of venter, disk of tergum, punctures of upper surface and produced acute humeral angles, black. Head a little more deflexed at tip and more deeply emarginate than in L. (Stollia) lewisi, Distant; the surface closely confluently, at base coarsely, punctate, bronzed, and polished, the lateral margins acutely reflexed, tip of the tylus projecting a little, but hardly as loug as the narrowed lateral lobes, at tip a little bristly, vertex with an ivory-white line at base; eyes deep seated; antennw testaceous, the apical joint and the fourth, excepting its base, blackish, second joint much longer than the third, the fourth about equal to the second; rostrum testaceous, reaching upon the venter; the apical joint and a band across the third piceous. Pronotum punctured with black, in trausverse series behind the mid- dle, before the middle very remotely punctate, so as to leave the for- yard surface transversely pale and almost bare, an irregular black spot next each anterior angle, the lateral angles acuminate, curved, and bounded behind by a sinus in, the protracted margin. Seutellum bluntly rounded, irregularly punctate with black, in each anterior angle is an oval ivory-yellow spot which is encircled by black punctures, and a patch of these punctures occupies the inner angle, middle of the outer margin and the tip each with a small black spot, the apical mar- gin pale yellow. Wing-covers remotely punctate with black, yellow and bare on the costal border; membrane faintly dusky. Legs pale yellow, the femora and base of tibize minutely flecked with brown, the spines and spurs also brown, apex of tarsi piceous. Venter with a gradually narrowing black patch along the middle, and on each side a ragged obscure stripe which extends forward on the pleure, stigmatal orifices and a row of small spots on the connexivum black. Length to end of venter, 55-6 im.; width across huméri without the spines, 44 mm. Type.—No. 3099, U.S.N.M. A. fine series of both sexes is present in this collection. EYSARCORIS LEWISI, Distant. Eysarcoris lewisi, DISTANT, Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1883, p. 423, Four specimens were placed in the collection, _ NO. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 259 RUBICONIA INTERMEDIA, Wolff. TRubiconia intermedia, WOLFF, Icon. Cim., p. 182, pl. Xv111, fig. 181. Fourteen specimens are present. This species is about as common in Japan as it is in some parts of Germany. EURYDEMA RUGOSA, Motschulsky. Eurydema rugosa, MovscHuULSKY, Etud. Entom., 1861, p. 29. Twelve specimens, including some varieties, are in the collection. PLAUTIA FIMBRIATA, Fabricius. Plautia fimbriata, FABRicitus, Mant. Ins., II, p. 295. Six specimens were secured for this collection. MENIDA VIOLACEA, Motschulsky. Menida violacea, MOTSCHULSKY, Etud. Entom., 1861, p. 23. This appears to be an uncommon species. Only two specimens were py ] secured. ZELIA FIEBERI, Scott. Alia fieberi, Scorr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 297. Only three specimens were secured. Subfamily PHY LLOCHPHALINA. GONOPSIS AFFINIS, Uhler. Gonopsis affinis, UHLER, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 224. Seven specimens are in the collection. Subfamily UROLABINA. UROCHELA LUTEOVARIA, Distant. Urochela luteovaria, DISTANT, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1881, p. 28. Only three specimens were found. UROSTYLIS STRIICORNIS, Scott. Urostylis siriicornis, Scorr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 360. Sixteen specimens were secured. It appears to be a common species in southern Japan. Family COREIDZ. Subfamily MICTINA. OCHROCHIRA FULIGINOSA, Uhler. Ochrochira fuliginosa, UHLER, Proce. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 225. Four specimens are in the collection, 260 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. Subfamily HOMC@MOCEHRIN A. HOMCGEOCERUS PUNCTIPENNIS, Uhler. Homeocerus punctipennis, UHLER, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 226, Right specimens were secured. HOMCEOCERUS CONCOLORATUS, Uhler. Homeocerus concoloratus, UHLER, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 225. Seven specimens are in the collection. HOMCGEOCERUS MARGINATUS, new spec‘es. Pale rufofulvous, long and moderately narrow. Head short, deeply incised behind the base of tylus, the antenuniferous lobes with a red band; antenn rufous, scabrous, as long as the interval from the tip of head to apex of fifth abdominal segment, apex of the second and third joints piceous, the base of the fourth pale yellowish, basal and second joints very long, the second longest, the third a little shorter than the basal one, rostrum yellow, black at tip, reaching to near the middle coxie. Pronotum steeply sloping forward, paler than the wing-covers, transversely, wavedly rugulose, with confluent coarse punctures between the wrinkles, the lateral margins a little sinuated posteriorly, minutely denticulated along the slender black edge, lateral angles a little curved upward, black, acute, and minutely acuminate, posterior submargin obsoletely carinate. Legs honey yellow, tinged with green, apex of the tarsi piceous. Scutellum greenish yellow, more minutely punctate and rugulose than the pronotum. Hemelytra tinged with rufous, clavus very coarsely punctate, the corium with punctures becoming coarser posteriorly, costal margin a little dusky; membrane pale brownish testaceous, reaching the tip of tergum. Under side pale ocher-yellow, minutely scabrous; connexivum uniformly pale yellow. Length to tip of abdomen, 20 mm.; width of base of pronotum, 6 nm. Type.—No. 3103, U.S.N.M. Only two specimens of this fine insect are present in the collection. The one is redder on the hemelytra than the other. Both are changed by the chemical agent which destroyed their lives, and there is strong evidence of the original color having been green on most of the surface before they had been placed in the collecting bottle. Subfamily L.YBANTIN A. PACHYCEPHALUS OPACUS, Uhler. Pachycephalus opacus, UNLER, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 226. Only two specimens of this odd-looking insect are in this collection, No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 961 Subfamily GONOCHRIN A. CLETUS BIPUNCTATUS, Herrich-Scheffer. Cletus bipunctatus, HERRICH-SCHAFFER, Wanz. Insekten., V, VII, p. 9, fig. 566. Eighteen specimens were secured for this collection. PLINACHTUS SIMILIS, new species. Rust brown, infuscated above, fulvous beneath, form similar to Ficana apicalis, Dallas, but with almost rectangular, acute, slightly recurved humeral angles. Head black and densely granulated above, fulvous on the sides and beneath, coarsely, remotely punctate, middle line obsoletely carinate, face a little longer than the vertex behind the eyes, moderately tapering anteriorly, indented each side next the anten- niferous lobes, tylus narrow, triangularly widened at base, a little longer than the lateral lobes, and separated from these lobes by a wide deep suture; rostrum stout, infuscated, reaching behind the anterior cox; antenne stout, scabrous, black, as long as the head, pronotum and clavus united, the basal joint long and stouter than the second, the second longer, as long as the pronotum, the third a little shorter than the basal, the fourth thicker, acute at base and tip, a little shorter than the third. Pronotum closely granulate with black in transverse series, the surface steeply sloping toward the head, the lateral margins almost directly diagonal, behind the humeri bluntly diagonal, the posterior margin sinuate and protracted like a flap over the base of the seutel- lum, and with a transverse faint carina in advance of the basal margin. Scutellum punctate with black in transverse broken lines. Legs gran- ulated and scabrous over most of the surface, black, femora yellow beneath for about two-thirds of the length from base. Hemelytra rust- brown, spread with sunken black punctures, the embolium and most of the costal margin fulvous; membrane dark brown, paler at base. Stig- matal orifices black; connexivum interrupted above with broad black bands. Length to end of abdomen, 144 mm.; width between the humeral angles, 6 mm. Type.—No. 3104, U.S.N.M. Only one specimen of this insect was secured. It is a male, and bears some resemblance to the common Anasa tristis, De Geer, of North America. Subfamily CORIZINA. CORIZUS HYALINUS, Fabricius. Corizus hyalinus, FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst., IV, p. 168. Thirteen specimens of this genus are in the collection, one form of which appears to be a new species. This is, however, too much altered for satisfactory description. 262 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VoL. XIX. Family LYGAIDZ. Division NYSIINA. NYSIUS EXPRESSUS, Distant. Nysius expressus, DISTANT, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 429. Seventeen specimens, of more than one variety, are present in this collection, Division BLISSINA. ISCHNODEMUS OBNUBILUS, Distant. Ischnodemus obnubilus, DISTANT, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 431. Two specimens are in the collection. Division GEOCORINA. GEOCORIS VARIUS, Uhler. Geocoris varius, UHLRE, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 229. Fifteen specimens were secured. Division MYODOCHINA. PAMERA PALLICORNIS, Dallas. Pamera pallicornis, DALLAS, Brit. Mus. List., II, p. 573. Six specimens are in the collection. PAMERA HEMIPTERA, Scott. Pamera hemiptera, Scott, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 27. This appears to be a common species in southern Japan. Fourteen specimens were secured. LETHAZUS LEWISI, Distant. Letheus lewisi, DISTANT, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 440. Only four specimens of this form were secured. LIGYROCORIS TERMINALIS, new species. Piceo-fulvous, punctate with black, almost spindle-shaped, flatter and more parallel-sided than normal. Head short, fusco-piceous, pubescent, with the occiput a little swollen, and an impressed line each side of middle between the ocelli and divaricating anteriorly; the surface a little rough and uneven, and the sutural lines bounding the tylus deeply defined; antennze honey yellow, stout, a little shorter than the hemelytra, all but the last joint a little thickened at the tip, basal joint clavate, darker apically, about half as long as the second, the second No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 263 longest, piceous at tip, the third about two-thirds the length of the second, dark at tip, fourth dusky, pale at base, a very little shorter than the third; rostrum slender, reaching to the middle cox, flavo- testaceous, darker at base, the apical joint piceous. Pronotum sub- triangular, the anterior lobe flattened and depressed, infuscated, pubescent, remotely punctate, with the lateral margin reflexed inferi- orly, collum reflexed, posterior lobe obscure fulvous, larger than the anterior lobe, moderately convex, sparsely punctate with fuscous, the lateral margins interruptedly reflexed, with the humeral angles knobbed and margined exteriorly by a groove, posthumeral lobes thick, testa- ceous; pro-pleura piceous in the middle, meso- and meta- dark piceous, feebly punctate. Legs fulvo-testaceous, the coxe pale at tip, the femora darker apically, punctate, tibize paler, tarsi piceous at tip, the anterior femora armed beneath with two long spurs and one short tooth. Seutellum rufocastaneous, depressed and punctate at base, carinate and paler at tip. Clavus flavo-testaceous, marked with three incom- plete lines of punctures; corium flavo-testaceous, obsoletely punctate with brown and with coarse brown punctures on the sutures; the cuneus whitish, pale piceous at tip, punctate exteriorly; costal margin strongly sinuated, pale testaceous; membrane brown; paler at tip and with interruptedly pale veins, particularly at base. Abdomen pale fulvous. Length to tip of abdomen, 7§ mm.; width of pronotum, 13 mm. Type.—No. 3113, U.S.N.M. Only two specimens of this insect are present in this collection. EREMOCORIS PLANUS, new species. Dull piceous-black, with the pronotum a little longer than wide and only a little narrower anteriorly, with the lateral margins strongly retlexed and testaceous. Head a little longer,than the anterior lobe of pronotum, minufely scabrous, a little piceous at tip; antenne stout, the joints pale at base, the second joint a little longer than the others, the basal joint thick and shortest; rostrum slender, fulvo-testaceous, black at tip, reaching to the middle cox. Pronotum sparsely punctate, dull blackish on the anterior lobe. and this has an indented dot each side of middle, anterior angles slightly rounded, posterior lobe obscure testaceous, punctate, feebly sinuated on the lateral margin adjoining the transverse suture, the posthumeral margin with a depressed lobe. Seutellum piceous, remotely punctate, depressed in the middle between a Y shaped carina which is protracted to end of apex. Corium dull blackish, with a large testaceous spot at base, deeply remotely pune- tate with black, base and apex of cuneus more or less testaceous, apex of clavus sometimes testaceous; membrane blackish-brown. Legs pice- ous, the tibie generally paler. Venter black, polished. Length to tip of venter, 5-54 mm.; width of pronotum, 24-25 mm. Type.—No. 3114, U.S.N.M. Four specimens belong to this collection. 264 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. Division PACHYGRONTHINA. PACHYGRONTHA SIMILIS, new species. Pale dusky testaceous, punctate with dark brown, more or less suf- fused with brown on the anterior portion of the pronotum. All the margins of the pronotum and the middle line which is abbreviated and more slender behind, an oblong diagonal spot in each basal angle and the carina of the apex of seutellum, exterior border of corium, and of the abdomen ivory yellow. Antenne as long as the head, pronotum and corium united, honey yellow, minutely punctate with brown, the apex of the basal joint clavate and made black by the aggregation of punctures, second and third joints short, the third a little shorter, together about equal to the basal, the third nigro-piceous except the base, the fourth much shorter, nigro-piceous. Head roughly punctate with piceous in longitudinal series, the middle line and depressed border near the eyes pale and smooth, pubescence minute; rostrum mostly piceous, pale at base, reaching behind the anterior coxe; threat unevenly granulate and punctate with piceous. Pronotum long, coarsely punctate with dark brown in transverse series, branded with piceous each side of the callous middle line, suture separating the lobes not deeply impressed, placed a little farther back and more distinct in the males, lateral margin reflexed, callous, the humeri with a piceous oblong callosity next the border; propleura evenly punctate with pic- eous, eso and meta pleura darker and more densely punctate. Ante- rior femora very thick, appearing piceous by reason of the numerous blackish punctures, armed with four larger teeth tipped with black and numerous smaller black teeth between them, anterior tibiz short, curved, lineated with black punctures, the other femora and tibiz punctate with black, tips of tarsal joints piceous. Corium with a broad pale border, the costal area with one complete series and another half series of brown punctures, the tip linearly callous, pale, and hav- inga minute brown dot at tip, and a larger one next the inner angle of membrane and a piceous thick line at tip of clavus, surface of both corium and clavus remotely punctate with brown in lines. Venter opaque, marked with a broad black vitta each side and with some spots along the middle and at tip. Length to tip of abdomen, 7-8 1nm.; width of pronotum, 13-2 mm. Type.—No. 3100, U.S.N.M. PACHYGRONTHA ANTENNATA, Uhler. Pachygrontha antennata, UHLER, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 229. Six specimens were secured for the collection. Division HETEROGASTRINA. CHAULIOPS FALLAX, Scott. Chauliops fallax, Scorr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 428. Three specimens of this peculiar species were collected. No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 965 — Division LYGAZINA. AROCATUS MELANOSTOMA, Scott. Arocatus melanostoma, Scorr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 21. Only two specimens of this species were secured. Subfamily LARGID 4. PHYSOPELTA GUTTA, Burmeister. Physopelia guita, BURMEISTER, Nova Acta Acad. Leopold, XVI, 1854, Supp., p. 300, pl. Xut, fig. 10. Two exceedingly large specimens of this species are present with four smaller varieties. This exceptional growth in size is recognized as a well-established fact in many other insects of Japan. Family TINGID 4. GALEATUS PECKHAMI, Ashmead. Spherocysta peckhami, ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer , III, p. 156. Four specimens were secured, I can find no structural differences to separate these from the veritable type as it occurs in lower Canada. TINGIS PYRIOIDES, Scott. Tingis pyrioides, Scorr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 440. Four specimens are in the collection. This form belongs to the sub- genus Stephanitis as established for European species by Dr. Stal. CANTACADER LETHIERRYYI, Scott. Cantacader lethierryi, Scorr., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 443. Four specimens were secured. It belongs to the well-distinguished division of the genus as recognized by Dr. Stal and later entomologists. Genus PHYLLONTOCHILA. PHYLLONTOCHILA DEBILE, new species. Pale testaveous, marked with chestnut-brown, somewhat similar in form to Monanthia dentata, Fieber. Head narrow, pale chestnut-brown, pale each side, and with a short, pale, carinate process in front, supe- _ riorly; antenne long and slender, with the apical joint fuscous; elypeus __ blackish-piceous, eyes brown. Pronotum wider than long, narrower than the base of hemelytra, opaque, with indistinct and small meshes; the hood wedge-shaped, narrow, directed straight forward to about the front of head; lateral wings nearly half as wide as the dorsal convex- ity, anteriorly produced, tapering forward, not quite as far as the hood, traversed by about four series of meshes; dorsal surface pale brownish, with small obscure meshes, and a pale middle-carinate line, which is °66 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. continued to tip of seutelium. Hemelytra gradually narrowing poste- riorly, oval, with small meshes on the basal and discoidal areas and larger ones on the lateral areas and membrane; discoidal field a little dusky, so also the thick median vein and a quadrate spot before the iniddle of costal area; veins of membrane more or less dusky apically, about three to four series of meshes to the costal area. Legs testaceous, the tarsi black at tip. Abdomen blackish. Length to end of wing-covers, 33 mm.; width across middle of pro- notum and the. expansions, 14 mm.; width of base of wing-covers, 15 mm. Type.—No. 3117, U.S.N.M. Only two specimens of this interesting species occur in this collection. ‘amily CAPSID. LYGUS SIMPLUS, new species. Flavo-testaceous, polished, tinged with ocherous and rufous, form of L. sallei, Signoret, coarsely punctate with brown over most of the upper surface. Head highly polished, moderately short, ocherous, ver- tex convex, compressed each side at base and on the middle, the oceip- ital collar black, eyes large, extending beyond the width of pronotum; face directed obliquely, cheeks narrow, testaceous, tylus short, narrow, prominent; rostrum reaching to the middle cox, testaceous, darker at tip; antenn a little longer than the coriaceous part of the heme- lytra, mostly blackish-brown, with the second joint paler, and the basal joint rufoflavous, the second joint longer than the two apical ones united, pale at base, a little thickened apically, the third a little longer than the fourth, both filiform. Pronotum strongly convex, coarsely and not closely punctate, a little wider than long, the collum white, lateral margins smooth, curved, projecting over the large pleural flaps, the callosities of anterior lobe united into a prominent, polished tumid- ity of a piceous color, posterior margin depressed, sinuated against the base of scutellum, then curved each side, the edge pale and before it a fuscous, submarginal, incomplete line; pleural pieces bordered with white; sternum fuscous. Legs tinged with rufous, the tibie paler, piceous at apex and at end of tarsi. Scutellum convex, highly pol- ished, pale rufocastaneous, sparsely punctate, testaceous at tip and on the lateral edges. Clavus tinged with fuscous, corium obsoletely pune- tate on the disk, tinged with fuscous toward the inner and outer bor- ders and on the costal edge; membrane tinged with brown, and witha pale spot next the cuneous. Venter rufoflavous, a little piceous near the apex. Length to end of venter, 6 mm.; width of pronotum, 24 mm. Type.—No. 3116, U.S.N.M. Two specimens of this insect are present in the collection. 6 Rt : No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 267 CALOCORIS VARIABILIS, new species. Closely related to C. seticornis, Illiger, of Europe. Oval, moderately robust, polished, not distinctly punctate, most specimens deep black, with a yellow forked streak running from base over most of the clavus, the other limb extending along the costa until it connects with the yellow or orange cuneus. Head black, mostly polished, with a short neck behind the eyes, which are sometimes marked with a slender yellow band, front strongly convex, the middle sometimes with a round greenish spot, space beneath the antenne often pale; eyes brown, almost orbicular; rostrum piceous black, slender beyond the basal joint, reaching behind the middle cox; antenne moderately thick, black, longer than the entire body and hemelytra united, the second and third joints very long, the second about as long as the clavus, the third a little shorter, the fourth much shorter. Pronotum polished, a little seabrous, with a few obsolete punctures near the suture, middle of the suture with a fulvous dot, lower margin of the propleura whitish, humeri rounded, mesopleura slenderly margined with white, the meta- pleura with a white triangular spot above the coxa. Legs black or obscure yellow, the tibiwe often obscure yellow with black spines, while the femora are black. Secutellum sometimes. tipped with yellow. Hemelytra minutely pubescent, membrane smoky black. Venter pitch black. Length to tip of abdomen, 6-74 mm. Width of pronotum, 24-3 mm. Type.—No. 3102, U.S.N.M. Ten specimens were present in the collection. The female is some- times uniformly biack above and mostly so beneath. A variety has the legs pale fulvous and the antenne fulvous, with the bases of the two apical joints white. A maleis yellow, with two black dots on the pro- notum and black spots on the tergum, while the antennz are yellow, and the legs reddish yellow. DICYPHUS LAUTUS, new species. Elongate, subcylindrical, moderately robust, ivory whitish or pale yellow. Head suborbicular, with a contracted neck, which is scarcely longer than the eyes, and sometimes pale testaceous; vertex black at base, bounded in front by a yellow band; face dusky, bordered all around with black or brown; rostrum yellow, black at base, reaching t» the posterior cox; antennie long and slender, black, the basal joint rufopiceous, whitish at base, hardly half as long as the second, the second gradually thickening in the direction of the apex, the third abruptly slender, pale at base, much longer than the apical one; pro- notum dull yellow, the anterior lobe very short and narrow, behind the collum transversely dusky and of the same color below; posterior lobe very convex, with a broad black curved submarginal spot, which is 268 - HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UBLER. VOL. XIX. interrupted on the basal middle and does not cover the humeral area; disk with a round black spot, lower lateral border bright yellow; ster- num yellowish white; mesopleura bright orange; legs long and slender; the femora deep orange and crossed by one or two pale bands; tibize pale yellow, piceous at tip; tarsi piceous at tip. Scutellum inflated, greenish yellow, with a black spot each side, another at base, and one at tip; clavus orange, blackish at base, on the inner margin, and on the tip, the outer margin deep black; corium whitish, with a large, angu- lar orange area running from the middle of the disk back to near the inner angle with a triangular termination, the base of this spot bounded by a black band, which keeps out to near the costal margin, another black band crosses the whole width at base of cuneus, and the cuneus is broadly margined along the inner side with black; membrane mostly dusky black, the veins blacker interior of cell, a spot next the outer border, a slender scalloped transverse band across the apical margin of the cells and cunei white; tergum black, with a yellow stripe each side; venter yellow, somewhat blackish on the middle of connexivum. Length to tip of abdomen, 5-6 mm.; width of base of pronotum, 2 mm. Type.—No. 3101, U.S.N.M. Nine specimens of this beautiful species are present in the collection. Both sexes are represented. Family NABID. CORISCUS TAGALICUS, Stal. Coriscus tagalicus, STAL, fugen. Resa. Ins. p. 261. Ten specimens are present in the collection. METATROPIPHORUS TABIDUS, new species. Narrow, subeylindrieal, pale testaceous, form narrower than Coriseus capsiformis. Head highly polished, chestnut brown, less brown behind the eyes; antenne setaceous, very slender throughout, nearly one-half longer than the body, dusky, a little darker at the tips of the first two joints; clypeous gradually narrowing toward the apex, dark piceous at base, paler at tip, very moderately curved; rostrum slender, reach- ing almost to the middle cox, testaceous obscured with brownish. Collum narrow, white, the anterior lobe of pronotum very convex, pol- ished, chestnut brown, much shorter and somewhat narrower than the posterior lobe, constricted behind, the posterior lobe subtriangular, distinctly punctate, dull, with the middle line and lateral margins pale testaceous, posterior middle impressed, the humeri prominent; pro- pleura testaceous, brown above, meso and meta pleura piceous; coxe and legs yellowish testaceous, spines of femora and tibiz brown, apex of tarsi piceous. Scutellum a little punctate, pale chestnut brown, testaceous at tip. Wing covers testaceous, clavus tinged with brown- ish, slightly punctate, the coarse bounding lines piceous, veins piceous, No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 269 the corium dusky on the disk and with a large dusky patch near the tip; membrane longer than the abdomen, clouded with dusky. Tergum blackish on the disk, pale on the connexivum; venter testaceous. Length to tip of abdomen, 54-6 mm; width of pronotum, 14 mm. Type.—No. 3112, U.S.N.M. Only three specimens of this species were secured. Family REDUVIID. PTILOCERUS IMMITIS, new species. Form of and closely related to P. fuscus, Gray; dull pale yellowish brown tinged with fuscous; densely hairy; tip of clavus with a black dot, and base of cuneus with an oblong black spot, outer border behind this spot yellow; membrane large and soot-black. Hairs of antennee long and slender, gradually growing shorter toward the tip. Length to tip of venter, 6 mm.; width of promotum, 2 mm. Type.—No. 3115, U.S.N.M. Two specimens of this peculiar insect are in the collection. VELINUS NODIPES, Uhler. Velinus nodipes, UHLER, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 230. Eight adult ard three undeveloped specimens are in the collection. HARPACTOR ORNATUS, new species. Jet black, polished, robust, sparsely hoary pubescent. Head mod- erately short, a little inflated behind the eyes, the occipital portion forming a short neck, space between the ocelli yellow and sunken, face and clypeus tapering anteriorly, together a very little longer than the division behind the eyes; antenne black, slender, as long as the abdo- men and posterior lobe of pronotum; rostrum thick, black, reaching almost to the anterior coxe. Pronotum broad, the lateral margins of posterior lobe broadly reflexed, rufous, the posterior margin narrowly rufous, middle line broadly grooved, the anterior lobe deeply excavated, ridges each side high and curved; supra-coxal border above the fore legs ivory yellow, meso-pleural border narrowly yellow. Legs black, the femora thick and somewhat knobby. Scutellum polished like the pronotum, deeply sunken at base. Hemelytra entirely deep black, the membrane barely longer than the abdomen. Outer border of the abdo- men broadly rufous, the remaining surface black, highly polished. Length to tip of abdomen, 13-14 mm.; width of pronotum, 4 mm. Type.—No. 3107, U.S.N.M. Four specimens of this species are in the collection The male is a little smaller than the female, has the posterior red border of the pro- notum wider, and the same color of the connexivum waved on the inner margin, 270 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. PROCERATES, new genus. Form of a broad Harpactor, but with the head short and wide before the eyes, incised between the eyes, with a stout spine at base of each antennal lobe, the space between them excavated, anterior lobe much shorter and a little narrower than the posterior one, convexly elevated, neck short and thick, clypeus bluntly rounded, the rostrum thick, reaching between the anterior coxie, with its basal joint longer than the two others united; antenne of medium length, the basal joint as long as the second and third united, the third much shorter than the second. Abdomen broad oval, thin, wider than and shorter than the wing-covers. Sides of prosternal groove lamellar. The venation and other characters are like Harpactor. PROCERATES RUBIDA, new sp:>cies. Cinnabar red, smooth, and polished, with the upper surface mi- nutely scabrous. Antenne, excepting the basal lobe, legs, membrane, two apical joints of rostrum, sides of throat, disks of pleural lobes, and four short bands on the first tour ventral segments black, surface, both above and below, a little pubescent. Eyes brown. ‘Tips of spines of head black. The amount of black on the pectoral pieces and venter varies in the different individuals. Lateral angles of pronotum relieved. Length to end of abdomen, 11-14 mm.; width of pronotum, 34-4 mm. Type.—No. 3109, U.S.N.M. . Six specimens of this brightly colored species were secured for this collection, The males are much narrower than the females. LARYMNA HA@MATOGASTER, Burmeister. Larymna hematogaster, BURMEISTER, Nova Acta Leopold, XVI, 1834, Supp., p. 301. Eight specimens of this variable species were secured. SPHEDANOLESTES IMPRESSICOLLIS, Stal. Sphedanolestes impressicollis, STAL, Stettin. Ent. Zeit., XXII, 1861, p. 147. Eight specimens are in this collection. HAEMATOLCE:CHA NIGRO-RUFA, Stal. Haematolucha nigro-rufa, STAL, Ofv. Akad. Forh., 1866, p. 301. Two specimens are the only ones in the collection. PIRATES SINICUS, Walker. Pirates sinicus, WALKER, Brit. Mus. Cat. Heteropt., Pt. VII, 1873, p. 121. Seven specimens of variable pattern of coloring are in the collection. ONCOCEPHALUS SQUALIDUS, Rossi. Oncocephalus squalidus, Rossi, H. Schf. Wanz. Ins., VIII, p. 95, fig. 861. Two specimens of the brachelytrous form of this well-known Euro- pean species are in the collection. NO. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2 ACANTHODESMA, new genus. Somewhat resembling Sulyavata, but is a true member of the family Stenopodide. Form elongate suboval, with a long spine each side behind base of antennie, and surface of head with numerous spines on the crown and sides; head short, longer behind the eyes than before them, bristly, carinated on the middle line; antennwe slender, but not setaceous, as long as the body without the head, basal joint very short, second as long as the pronotum and head together, third and fourth together about equal to the second, but thinner and filiform, rostrum very stout, a little curved, the basal joint longer than the others con- joined, the apical joint touching the space between the anterior coxe. Pronotum bristly hirsute, subtrapezoidal, a little longer than wide, the anterior lobe much shorter than the posterior one, deeply sunken along the middle and sinuated next the head, with the anterior angles carinate aud a little produced, behind each angle a long, erect spine followed behind by three or more shorter ones; posterior lobe with a ridge each side and a wide deep groove on the middle line, followed behind by a shallow, depressed, wide area which is terminated each side before the base by a long erect spine, middle of each lateral margin with a spine, humeral angles with a longer oblique spine. Femora with series of strong spines both below and above, tibixe with bristles and very slender spines, the anterior pair with two series of oblique, long spines, middle tibiz: much shorter than the others. Seutellum longer than wide, sinu- ated each side behind the middle, with the margins callous and reflexed, spinous and with along spine each side and at tip, veins of corium slender, long, forked, and slightly divaricating posteriorly, veins of the membrane long, the middle ones twice forked, the divaricating branches running backward instead of toward the tip. Margin of abdomen close set with spines, one series of which consists of a few longer ones, apex of venter with a long spine each side and in the male two approx- imate slender spines on the middle of the tip, apical margin of the female with six short ones between the two outer spines. ACANTHCDESMA PERARMATA, new species. Pale dull grayish-yellow, with the spines, the middle line of head, sides of face, pubescence, carinate edge, and lines of pronotum and scutellum and line bounding the connexivum whitish yellow. Antenne dusky yellow, the second joint thicker than the others and armed with series of stiff bristles. Tips of spines black, acute. Pronotum clothed with shaggy pubescence, median depression margined with acute carine, the surface next outside of these ridges broadly and less deeply, longitudinally, channeled, lateral margin with a slender raised line, posterior margin truneated, a pale line runs back from each of the two middle posterior spines. Secutellum with long hairs, margined with pale testaceous. Lower border of pleura, and the matted hairs, Te HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. pale. Wing-covers pale inwardly, the membrane correspondingly pale and with dark veins, the middle longitudinal vein thick, prominent, pale, darker toward the tip, the costal and vein bounding the inner side ot costa thick, dark, pale at base. Connexivum pale, marked before the tip with a fuscous streak and next the tip with a similar curved streak; sides of venter with pale and brown alternating lines which are less distinct toward the disk. Length to tip of abdomen, 10-11 mm.; width of pronotum, 2-25 mm. Type.—No. 3108, U.S.N.M. A male and female are the only specimens of this form present in the collection. This insect deserves special attention from the unusual number of attachments to the several parts of its organs. It should be studied in its different stages to ascertain the meaning of the peculiar elements of structure which appear in the adult form, Subfamily HMMHSINA. ORTHUNGA BIVITTATA, new species. Pale yellowish testaceous with an ashy tinge, long and more robust than Stenolemus which it much resembles. Head highly polished and brown between the eyes, anterior lobe short, prominently convex, eyes brown, posterior lobe longer, gradually contracting posteriorly; elypeus harrow, pale testaceous; antenne setaceous, much longer than the body, tinged with brown; rostrum reaching behind fore cox, thick on the two basal joints, both of these brownish and paler on the ends, the second shorter than the basal, swollen, the third abruptly more slender, acute. Pronotum bicampanulate, emarginate, and inflated anteriorly, constricted in the middle, more than twice as long as the head, brown- ish, polished, lineated with two whitish stripes which run parallel with the varying outline of the two lobes and connected on the front margin of the anterior lobe by a transverse whitish band, the posterior lobe much wider than the anterior one, and with the humeral angles tumidly prominent, lateral margins also whitish. Posterior pairs of legs long, very slender, pubescent, the femora twice banded with brown, the tibie paler at base, fore legs short, the femora subfusiform, armed beneath with slender spines tipped with black cox with two dusky bands. Secutellum pale brownish, the basal lobe tumido-convex. Wing-covers pellicular, whitish translucent, widening and curving posteriorly, with brown veins. Abdomen dusky, pubescent, subeylin- drical and thicker posteriorly. Length to end of abdomen, 164 mm.; to tip of wing-cover, 174 nm.; width of base of pronotum, 2 mm. Type.—No. 3110, U.S.N.M. Only one specimen of this spider-resembling insect is present in the collection, No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 273 EMESA MARCIDA, new species. Slender, moderately short, dull yellowish testaceous, the sides with a slender black line throughout, including the head. Antenne exceed- ingly slender, a little shorter than the body; head about half as long as the anterior division of the pronotum, a slender reddish-brown line each side of middle, the vertex and front of nearly equal length and width; eyes very small. Thorax, dusky each side, and with a slender red line along the middle. Anterior femora with a blackish line each side inferiorly, and a red line above, armed beneath with long and short black-tipped teeth; tibix about one-third the length of femora, dusky at base and tip; tarsi slender, dusky at tip. Wings not present. Middle and posterior femora twice banded with dusky near the tip; tibiz with four dusky bands basally. Tergum with two slender black lines, and two red lines exterior to the others, angles of the segments with piceous nodes; venter more or less dusky. Length to end of abdomen, 18 mm.; width of pronotum, ? mm. Type.—No. 3111, U.S.N.M. Three specimens are in the collection. They seem to be nymphe, and have no vestige of wing-covers. Family HYDROMETRID. LIMNOBATES VITTATA, Stal. Limnobates (Hydrometra) vittata, StAL, Hem. Iresul. Philipp. p. 705. Eight specimens of this neat and slender species were placed in the collection. Family HYDROBATID 2. HYGROTRECHUS REMIGATOR, Horvath. Hygrotrechus remigator, HORVATH, Ent. Soc. Brux. C. R., 1879, p. eix. Six specimens of this insect are in the collection. LIMNOTRECHUS ELONGATUS, new species. Olivaceous blackish-brown, opaque, elongated. Head moderately long, gently curving before the eyes, occipital lobes large, entering the sinus of the eyes and bounded inwardly by a curved, fulvous, impressed line which crosses the middle; eyes hemispherical exteriorly, bounded by a fulvous line interiorly, front bilobed, indented each side behind, and with a slight knob before each indentation; apex of face fulvous, eoated with silvery, rostrum reaching behind the anterior cox, brown, pale fulvous at base, the short apical joint black; cheeks mostly yellow, the throat silvery whitish; antennz brownish-black, very slender, as long as from the tiv of face to the end of posterior cox, basal joint as PLOCe Nw vol, xix 1 } 274 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER, VOL. XIX. long as the posterior lobe of the pronotum without the seutellum, sec- ond joint a little more than one-half the length of the first, the shorter, the fourth slenderly tapering, nearly as long as the second. Pronotum depressed, strongly carinated, slenderly margined with yellow and with a yellow stripe on middle of anterior lobe, posterior lobe uneven, the exterior margin and middle line black; scutellum rusty-fulvous behind, bounded by a reflexed black margin; humeral angles tumid, blackish, broadly bordered exteriorly with yellow; pectus grayish sil- very, the antepectus entirely yellow. Coxe with a large yellow spot, trochanters and base of femora also yellowish; pleura with a continu- ous broad black stripe superiorly. Legs very long, blackish-brown. Hemelytra a little shorter than the abdomen, brown, with the veins black. Terguin black, with the exterior raised margin yellow, the apical portion with two pale lines, the genital segments margined with fulvous, apical processes slender, a little longer than the genital seg- ments; venter bluish-gray, with a stout fulvous carina on the middle line, the last segment deeply excavated, bordered with fulvous, the two genital segments fulvous and hairy; the lateral submargin inter- ruptedly black posteriorly. Length to end of venter, 23 mm.; width of pronotum, 35 mm. Type.—No., 3105, U.S.N.M. Two males are in the collection. Family NEPIDZ. LACCOTREPHES JAPONENSIS, Scott. Laccotrephes japonensis, Scorr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, p. 430. Four specimens are in the collection from southern Japan. RANATRA CHINENSIS, Mayr. Ranatra chinensis, MAYR, Novara Reise, Hem., p. 191, pl. V, fig. 59. One specimen agreeing exactly with types from China is in the col- lection. RANATRA BRACHYURA, Horvath. Ranatra brachyura, HORVATH, Termesz. Frozetek., 1879, ITI, p. 10, No. 73. A broken specimen is in the collection. Family BELOSTOMATID. BELOSTOMA DEYROLLII, Vuillef. Belostoma deyrollii, VUILLEF, Ann. Soc. Ent., France, 1864, p. 141. Three specimens are present, This isacommon species in the waters of southern Japan. NO. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 275 APPASUS JAPONICUS, Vuillef. Appasus japonicus, VUILLEF, Ann. Soc. Ent., France, 1864, p. 141. Two specimens of this common species are in the collection. Family NOTONECTID 4. NOTONECTA TRIGUTTATA Motschulsky. Notonecta triguttata, MOTSCHULSKY, Etud. Entom., 1861, p. 24. Only a single specimen is in the collection, but it is not rare in southern Japan. ANISOPS SCUTELLARIS, Billbg. Anisops scutellaris, BILLBG, Herrich-Scheffer, Wanz. Ins., IX, p. 41, pl. ccxclv, fig. 906. Two specimens are in the collection. Genus CORISA. CORISA SUBSTRIATA, new species. Dark brown above, testaceous on the head and beneath, form of C. striata, Fieber. Head moderately blunt, the vertex wide, coarsely carinated, and with an acuminated, brown callosity on the middle of the posterior margin, each side of the carina is an impressed, punctate line, another near the eye and an indentation, each side, next the occipital reflexed border; face moderately convex, hairy below, highly polished. Pronotum dark brown, moderately short, triangularly rounded behind, radiated, crossed by seven somewhat curved, slender yellow lines, of which the two discoidal ones are sometimes interrupted at the inner end apex with a very short yellow line, the margins dark brown, the middle anteriorly with a short callous carina, the lateral pieces narrow triangular, ivory white. Legs pale testaceous, fringe of the posterior tarsi blackish, pale of the male narrower than in the female, faleate, a little curved toward tip, with the tibize thick and curved. Wing-covers, dark brown, rastrate, base of clavus crossed by about six yellow, nearly entire and straight lines, the remainder is marked with short wavy bands decreasing to a single series toward tip; corium with two or three series of well separated wavy bands; membrane with the flexed bands shorter, less regular, and more widely separated, sutures all pale yellow; embolium yellowish white, termi- nated by an aggregation of blackish marks in a long spot which is connected with a slender series of points which sometimes extend back to near the base. Venter pale testaceous. Facial fovea of the male subtriangwlar, short, narrow, shallow. Length to tip of abdomen, 55-6 mm.; width of pronotum, 2 mm. Type.—No. 3106, U.S.N.M. Fourteen specimens are present in this collection, One of these has a black stripe on the vertex, 276 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. Suborder HOMOPTERA. Family CICADID. PLATYPLEURA REPANDA, Linnzus. Platypleura repanda, LINN&US, Syst. Nat., 12 ed., p. 707. Nineteen specimens of this common but showy species are in the collection. POMPONIA JAPONENSIS, Distant. Pomponia japonensis, DISTANT, Monog. Orient. Cicad., 1892, p. 102. Nine specimens are in the collection. POMPONIA MACULATICOLLIS, Motschulsky. Pomponia maculaticollis, MOTSCHULSKY, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow, 1866, p. 185, Five specimens were secured for this collection. COSMOPSALTRIA OPALIFERA, Walker. Cosmopsaltria opalifera, WALKER, Brit. Mus. List Homopt., I, p. 56, No. 16. Ten specimens of this fine insect grace the collection. CRYPTOTYMPANA PUSTULATA, Fabricius. Cryptotympana pustulata, FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst., IV, p. 20, No. 11. Nine specimens of this common Chinese species are in the collection. TERPNOSIA PRYERI, Distant. Terpnosia pryeri, DISTANT, Monog. Orient. Cicad., 1892, p. 139, pl. Xv, fig. 5. Twelve specimens were placed in the collection. GRAPTOPSALTRIA COLORATA, Stal. Graptopsaltria colorata, STAL, Berlin, Ent. Zeit., 1866, p. 169.—DisTant, Monog. Orient. Cicad., p. 25, pl. 11, fig. 8. Nine specimens were taken for this collection. MELAMPSALTA RADIATOR, new species. Form of Cicada montana, Hagen, but a little broader, more gener- ally covered with silvery whitish seales, which easily rub off, and with the apical valvular ventral segment of the male short, ovate, not taper- ing at tip, and with the opercula longer, forming curved lobes which approach but do not touch on the middle line of venter. General surface black, polished, with the venter pale fulvous. Vertex a little broader than long, with the apex and base each with a yellowish spot, the latter being placed in an oval cavity, the supra-antennal lobes narrow, tes- taceous, front moderately blunt, broadly margined with yellow, sulcate No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Po Fl on the middle line above, and over this is a large yellow spot, the transverse carinate lines and grooves distinct, rostrum black, reaching to the middle coxie. Legs greenish, with the base and apex of femora and some lines along their surface, knees, tips, and sometimes the mid- dle of tibiwe, base and tip of tarsi, besides the nails, and the three spines of anterior femora, black, the inner spine much longer than the others. Pronotum bordered behind and on the sides with greenish yellow, mesonotum with a deltoid yellow spot each side of disk, con- necting with a slender line which continues back to the borders of the cross, and from thence on the posterior and lateral carinate borders. Wing-covers with large and often irregular meshes, the apical series beginning with a moderately short triangular one, and followed by longer curved ones to the inner bend of the margin, the costal vein greenish yellow, veins dark brown, yellow basally, and including the membranes, wings with brown veins, the innerarea striped and margined with smoke brown, the basal membrane reddish, a streak (margined with fuliginous) running out from it, pale plumbeous. The inner alulet is large, ovate, bounded by a coarse vein, and traversed by numerous long veins. Abdomen long and narrow, with middle of venter striped with a series of black spots. Length to tip of abdomen: Male, 20 mm.; female,22mm. Spread of wing-covers, 55-57 mm. Type.—No. 3105, U.S.N.M. Nine specimens of this interesting form are in the collection. The female has a much longer and more slender spur at apex of the tergum than in the male. In this species the two ulnar veins are separated at their origin on the angle of the basal areole, and the inner alulet (schlussfeld) of the wing is broadly rounded and traversed by eight or more very slender veins, forming long areoles. Family FULGORID 2A. Subfamily RICANIIDA. RICANIA EPISCOPALIS, Stal. Ricania episcopalis, SrAL, Ofy. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 1865. p. 162, No. 5. Fifteen specimens of this showy species are in the collection. RICANIA ALBOMACULATA, new species. Similar to Ricania fuscata, Fabricius, but the wing covers shorter and more bluntly rounded at apex, paler smoke-brown, with a subtriangu- lar, ragged white spot near the middle of the costal margin. Vertex short, the anterior margin acutely carinate, especially at the angle next the eye; front rusty brown, a little wider than high, flat, carinate on the middle line, with the lower part of lateral margin curved and the inferior margin concave, each side near superior margin is an obsolete 278 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. curved line, epistoma pale orange-yellow, the rostrum still paler, reach- ing to the middle cox. Notum brownish-black, opaque, with a carina on the middle extending to the tip of scutellum. Under side and legs pale brownish. Venation of wings close, like that of R. fuscata, Fabricius. Abomen brownish, paler at base. Length to end of abdomen, 7-8 mm. Expanse of wing covers, 25-26 1mm. Type.—No. 3122, U.S.N.M. Fourteen specimens are in the collection. They exhibit very slight variation, and that appears to be due to maturity of coloration. This con- sists of greater depth of tint and thicker coating of bluish bloom. The segments on the dorsal line of abdomen are a little callous and pro- duced over the sutures. In a few specimens the wings are paler than the wing-covers. Subfamily FLATIDA. PCECILOPTERA DISTINCTISSIMA, Walker. Peciloptera distinctissima, WALKER, Brit. Mus. List, Supp., p. 114. Fifteen specimens of this delicate green insect adorn the collection. Subfamily DICTYOPHARIDA. DICTYOPHARA INSCRIPTA, Walker. . Dictyophara inscripta, WALKER, Brit. Mus. List, Hompt., I, p. 322, No. 38. Six specimens are in the collection. ORTHOPAGUS, new genus. This is a long and narrow ferm with a more open venation than in Dictyophara, aud with wing-covers gradually widening toward the almost semicircular apex. Head longer than wide, about one-fourth longer than the pronotum, the surface sunken, with the lateral margins strongly carinate, a keel throughout the middle line, and tip of vertex truncated, the summit of front projecting before the end of vertex; the front is long and narrow, sinuated each side before the eyes, with three prominent carinate lines throughout the length, the two lateral ones gradually approaching below, and the lateral margins strongly reflexed, and so continued to the apex of the ciypeus, the clypeus short, carinat on the middle, acutely curving toward the tip; inferior cheeks long, narrow, sunken throughout; antenne, the second joint large and sub- globose, with a collar-like joint at base, an ocellus is situated beneath and near the front curve of eye, frontal ocellus absent; rostrum slender, reaching behind the posterior cox. Pronotum short, saddle-like, deeply triangularly emarginated behind, carried forward in an acute triangle between the eyes, carinate on the middle, the side-flaps beneath the carina oblique, longer than wide, ovate, with the narrow end directed anteriorly; dorsolam of the mesonotum longer than wide, Se No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 279 angularly suboval, with the middle line and outer boundaries carinate; scutellum small, triangular, flat. Posterior tibiwe long, prismatic, armed on the outer edge with six stout spines, basal joint of tarsi longer than the second and third united, bordered by a rib which at tip projects back as a spine. Wings long and narrow, gradually widening pos- teriorly, transverse veins few, confined to the apical division, the basal cell Jong aud narrow, the radial vein uniting with the superior ulnar before reaching the cell, the inferior ulnar more widely separated from the superior than the radial is; the pterostigma much longer than wide, subovate, acute at tip, three or four celled, the middle cell largest, a single cross vein exists on the discoidal area. ORTHOPAGUS LUNULIFER, new species, Surface pale clay yellow, or testaceous, marked with brown. Head elongated, the vertex about one-third longer than wide, brown, bor- dered with pale yellow, sunken, the carinate lines of border and middle high and dark brown, apex with a small knob; front and clypeus pale clay yellowish, with a broad whitish crossing the apex of front base of clypeus and the cheeks, the three carinate lines and outer carinate margins dotted with brown; rostrum pale testaceous, flecked with brown, and with a brown tip. Pronotum unevenly ribbed and grained with brown, the middle carina marked with brown spots, mesonotum with the carinate lines paler than the surface, the scutellum smooth and white. Wing-covers obscurely hyaline, with the pterostigma, a wide sublunate spot which covers the apex inferiorly, and the posterior mar- gin more faintly, brown, a whitish double spot appears on the inner curve of the brown spot, and most of the cross veins are whitish; apex of the wings with a narrow brown are and brown veins. Legs pale yellow, banded and marked with brown, the tibial spines, spurs, base, and apex of tibize and tip of tarsi dark brown. Abdomen flattened, the tergum with large spots, streaks, and margins of segments brown; venter with large and small brown spots. Mesopleura with a broad brown band which connects with that upon the clypeus, numerous brown spots are distributed over the remainder of the pleural and sternal segments. Length to apex of abdomen: Male, 9; female, 10 mm. Expanse of hemelytra, 24-25 mm. ; Type.—No. 3123, U.S.N.M. The wing-covers of some specimens are somewhat suffused with yel- low, and the posterior edge of the wings is dark brown. Subfamily CIXIIDA. CIXIUS SUBNUBILUS, new species. Moderately robust, chestnut brown a little polished, invested pos- teriorly with the usual white cottony secretion, the under side dark brown, with the metasternum occupied by a large pale spot. Vertex 280 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. about one-fourth longer than wide, a very little narrowing anteriorly, deeply grooved, with high lateral margins, dark brown, bordered with pale yellow, the posterior end deeply, triangularly emarginated; front subelliptical, acutely tapering below, dark brown, with a large, oval, testaceous spot below the middle, continued down upon the clypeus, the middle carina very prominent, pale inferiorly, with a short fork at the summit, the surface is deeply scooped out, leaving the margins very prominently carinated; clypeus continuing the lines of the front to a very acute apex; rostrum pale fulvous, piceous at tip, reaching almost to apex of anal segment. Pronotum very short, deeply emar- ginated, the sides curving, widening exteriorly and bounded by paler ‘arinate lines, the lateral flaps flat, longer than wide, subquadrangu- lar, the surface dark brown, bordered with yellowish; mesonotum - trapeziform, acute-angled, dark brown, with five medial carinate lines, of which the middle one is darker than the others, the scutellum aeute, pale yellowish, and bordered with a narrow carinate edge. Femora dark brown, pale at base and tip; tibive pale brownish, faintly banded with brown near base and tip, tarsi very long, yellowish. Segments of pleura and abdomen slenderly edged with yellowish. Wing-covers milky hyaline, the veins coarse and dark brown, pterostigma large, dark brown, pale at base, inner transverse veins of the apical series mostly marked with a small brown spot, one or two similar spots near the disk, and some brown vestiges around the posterior border and on the edge. Length to end of abdomen, 7 mm. Length to tip of wing-covers, 12 mm. : Type.—No. 3124, U.S.N.M. Three specimens are in the collection. The usual cottony secretion is present at the tip of the abdomen. COTYLECEPS MARMORATA, new species. A narrow-bodied chestnut-brown form with pale, testaceous, mottled, and granulated wing-covers, and smoke-brown wings, which might be confused with some forms of the Phryganid genus Hydropsyche; at rest the wing-covers are held nearly vertical. Head compressed above, dark brown, vertex with almost foliaceous sides, deeply sunken longi- tudinally, gaping posteriorly, forming a high rounded lobe above the eyes, and is marked with two or three whitish streaks, front deeply grooved, brown, gradually widening and curving toward the clypeus, mottled and streaked with whitish next the border, clypeus narrowing belong in continuity with the lines of the front, terminating in an acute tip, paler below; the rostrum pale yellowish, reaching upon the genital segment. Pronotum almost lamellar, formed of a lobe each side, acutely elevated in the middle and very short there, deeply emarginated, the lateral flaps separated from the dorsal surface by an acute carina, the lateral flaps broad and long, yellow, curving downward, with carinate Sat tact 2 sat whee Se oF 2 lle ae A _ elt ten a ttt et De a a ~ De Nl at, Pal teats o te We L108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 281 margins; imesonotum subequilateral, with the anterior angle produced over the head, with the lateral margins carried back in a small sinus which is followed behind by a larger sinus, the edge carinated, the middle line and a diagonal line each side of it strongly carinated, scutel- lum triangular, curved upward. Wing-covers very moderately widen- ing toward the apex, a little concave on the posterior margin, clouded with pale brown, the pterostigma orange, dark brown at base and apex, and a smaller orange and brown spot on the opposite (hind) border, a subdeltoid spot on apical border connected behind with other dark- brown patches, and preceded next the costa by a brown arc, basal third of wing-cover with several flexed, pale-brown marks, veins dotted with brown; wings smoke brown, paler at base, veins darker. Abdomen bordered and banded with yellow. Length to end of abdomen, 5-6 mm. Expanse of wing- covers, 13-16 mm. Type.—No. 3131, U.S.N.M. Four specimens of different sizes and varying markings are in the collection. MYNDUS APICALIS, new species. Form normal, ground color blackish brown, dull. Vertex moder- ately narrow, a little wider behind, with yellow carinate margins, and the base acutely emarginated and upturned on the apex of the emar- gination; eyes large, round, bordered by a carina around the socket; tront wide, broadest in the middle, with a carinate middle line which is paler and continued to the apex of the clypeus, the lateral margins fulvous, carinately veflexed; rostrum dull testaceous, piceous at tip, reaching to the posterior cox. Pronotum narrow, carried triangularly upon the grooved vertex, the margins fulvous; mesonotum with five fulvous carinate lines, rather close together; the scutellum testaceous, bluntly triangular. Legs fulvo-testaceous, darker at ends of femora and tibie. Wing-covers milky-whitish, or yellowish, two specimens dusky at tip, veins brown toward the apex, with -dark brown ends to the apical ones, and five cross streaks on the bases of the apical areoles, costal area crossed by a single stout vein; wings with the veins darker at tip, and sometimes with a wide dark suffusion at that pomt. Legs dusky yellowish, the femora darker. Abdomen brownish black, de- pressed, covered at tip with cottony white secretion. Length to tip of abdomen, 4 mm.; width of mesonotum, 14 mm.; length to tip of wing-covers, 6-7 mm. Type.—No, 3121, U.S.N.M. Five specimens are present in the collection. Subfamily ACHILIDA. CATONIDIA, new genus. Form of Achilus, Kirby; vertex short, transverse, carinated, curved, but little raised above the level of eyes, carinated on all the borders, the front long wedge-shaped, with a middle carina percurrent to tip 282 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VoL. Xtx. of clypeus, and divided by the transverse suture, the lateral margins strongly retlexed, a little curved, rostrum slender, longer than the face and clypeus together, cheeks deeply sunken throughout, curved, acutely tapering; antenne second joint subglobose, a little longer than wide, the following joints very slender, setaceous. Pronotum nearly twice as long as the vertex, with the anterior shield lunate, the sides beyond this curving, ending triangularly, and bounded by a thick carina, the lateral flaps small, subtrapezoidal, curved on the lower margin; mes- onotum ample, a httle wider than long, triangular in front and laterally, the middle shield carinate on the middle and sides, rnnning back tri- angularly against the narrow and small scutellum, before which it is moderately sinuated. Wing-covers expanded from the tip of clavus to apex of membrane, bluntly rounded, costal area broad, crossed at the apex by a few diagonal and bent veins, and these are continued by an apical series of straighter veins which bound the marginal row of small areoles, the areoles next before these long and narrow, mostly acute at the inner end, the one next the inner border very long, much wider at tip. Legs moderately short, slender, the femora compressed, almost prisinatic, carinated, the tibize carinate, the posterior ones with a single tooth nearer the tip. Abdomen depressed, the connexivum wide and thin. . CATONIDIA SOBRINA, new species. Pale fulvo-testaceous, more dusky above. Head short, carinate on the middle line of the vertex, polished, pale testaceous, face minutely scabrous; rostrum reaching to beyond the apex of the posterior cox, brown at tip. Pronotum pale, polished, with a carina on the middle; mesonotum almost flat, pale fulvous, convex around the anterior curve, the scutellum scooped out, and with thick carinate margins. Wing- covers dull brownish testaceous, dusky at apex, the veins pale, dotted and flecked with brown, those bounding the apical series pale testa- ceous, the two principal ones of the clavus thick, dotted with brown; wings dusky, darker at tip, and with dark brown veins. Tibi and tarsi a little dusky. Venter darker in the middle, pale on the sutures. Length to end of abdomen, 7 mm.; width of mesonotum, 33 mm.; length to tip of wing-covers, 10 mm. Type.—No. 3118, U.S.N.M. Only two specimens of this form are in the collection. Subfamily ISSIDA. HEMISPHAERIUS FLAVIMACULA, Walker. Hemispherius flavimacula, WALKER, Brit. Mus. List. II, p. 378. Seven specimens of two or three varieties ure in the collection. No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 283 Subfamily DERBIDA. OTIOCERUS FLEXUOSUS, new species. Somewhat resembling O. coquebertii, Kirby, but of smaller size, hav- ing the head composed of a foliole of a broad oval form destitute of an angle at the upper extremity, and with the milky-white wing-covers marked with a flexuous red line, which starts beyond the base and extends out to the forward margin of the apex, a large red spot is pres- ent on the opposite side of the apex, and a red trace a little way from the base. Head with a red spot along the fore border of the foliole; principal joint of antenne ligulate; clypeus yellowish white. Legs and abdomen yellowish white. Genital attachments of the male long, slen- der, curved, the upper one single. broad ligulate, grooved. Ground color of wing-covers and wings milk white. Length to tip of abdomen, 4 mm.; expanse of wing-covers, 16 mm, Type.—No. 3120, U.S.N.M. Only two specimens of this delicate insect are in the collection. DIOSTROMBUS, new genus. Somewhat resembling a Termes in the form of the wing-covers, but with a short, ovoid body. Head roundish above, including the large eyes, prominent in front, where it is grooved on the middle line, a little wider above, and carinated on each lateral margin; below this, inelud- ing the clypeus, beak-shaped, flattened on the sides; very long, and continued by a stout rostrum which extends to the posterior coxe; antenne, second joint stout, claviform, and completed by a very slender bristle; eyes broadly circular, the vertex emarginated behind. Pro- notum moderatety short, emarginated in the middle so as to appear bilobed; mesonotum large, tumidly convex, the scutellar portion very broadly curved. Legs slender, the posterior tibiz stoutest, armed with two stout teeth at the tip. Costal area of the wing-cover contracted for a long space beyond the middle, followed near the tip by two diag- onal veins, the postcostal area continuous to near the tip, crossed before the middle by a single vein, and at tip bounded by two small areoles, the basal areole long and widening toward the apex, from which four veins run acutely oblique outward toward the apical one-fourth of the wing-cover, and followed by four others, which complete the series on the apical portion; all but the two short apical veins are connected by single cross-veins; wings very small, narrow. Abdomen contracted near the base, tumidly obese behind this stricture, the apical abdominal segment deeply and broadly sinuated behind. and on each side of this with a large curved lamella, last ventral segment armed each side with a long, curved appendage. Id HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. DIOSTROMBUS POLITUS, new species. Bright rufofulvous, or dull orange, highly polished. Head Asili- form, the clypeus pale yellow, carinate on the middle line, long trian- gular, a little curved; rostrum dusky at tip; eyes black. Notum alit- tle darker than the rest of the body. Anterior and middle tibiz and tarsi dark brown; spurs of the pale posterior tibiwe dusky at tip, tarsi dark at tip. Wing-covers tinged with pale brown, the veins dark brown, the costal area yellowish; wings bordered posteriorly with brown; postcostal vein stout, blackish brown, especially at tip, where the apical veins are also coarse and dark. Length to apex of abdomen, 4mm.; expanse of wing-covers, 19 mm. Type.—No. 3119, U.S.N.M. Four specimens are in the collection. Family MEMBRACID®. ORTHOBELUS FLAVIPES, new species. Form similar to O. havanensis, Fairmaire, but with the humeral processes shorter, oblique, curved, sharp-edged, and acute at tip. Color black or blue black, closely covered with fine bronze pubescence. Head short, coarsely punctate, uneven, with the lobes of each side of lateral margin reflexed; eyes brown, prominent; clypeus tufted with coarse, long pubescence. Pronotum roughly and coarsely punctate throughout, with the posterior process long, slender, carinate above and on the edges and acute at the tip, the depression back of the humeri sometimes with a small white spot, middle line carinated throughout. Wing-covers yellowish hyaline, the small coriaceous base very thick, black, coarsely punctate, veins pale brown from base out- ward, but dark brown toward the tip, areoles of the apical series growing narrower toward the postcostal border. Sides of pro and meso ‘pleura with large white patches. Legs black, tibix, apex of femora, and all but tip of tarsi yellowish, bristly. Veins of wing-covers punctate and set with bronze bristles. Length to tip of thoracic process, 4-45 mm.; to tip of wing-covers,. 6 mm. Type.—No. 3142, U.S.N.M. Seven specimens of this interesting form are in the collection. MACHAEZROTYPUS SELLATUS, new species. Dull brown, bronze pubescent, resembling Campylocentrus curvidens, Fairmaire, but with shorter and more auriculate, blunter, excavated humeral expansions. Head short, bluntly rounded, closely punctate, and densely covered with long pubescence. Pronotum a little com- pressed anteriorly, closely punctate and pubescent, with two small black eallosities each side, a transverse raised belt just behind the pow nel = 5 oe ER, TI gee eS ES arte AVL P05, LRA Pm wo. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. IRA sulcus, indented on the middle and carinated on the outer margins, middle line carimated throughout to the very tip of the wedge-shaped process, which extends as far as the apical series of areoles of the wing- covers, is a little curved down and very acute at tip, the lateral margin deeply sinuated before the base of the humeral auricles, the auricles triangular above, the outer angles subtriangular. Wing-covers broad, triangular at tip, the coriaceous base very small. coarsely punctate, blackish. Legs pale brownish, the femora and tip of tarsi darker. Length to tip of thoracie process, 4 mm.: to tip of wing-covers, 5-54 mm. Type.—No. 3141, U.S.N.M. Seven specimens of almost uniform appearance are in the collection. Family CERCOPID#. MONECPHORA ASSIMILIS, new species. Body moderately narrow, dark brown or black when mature, the wing-covers carried steeper than usual. Head, as seen from above. shorter than wide, the vertex coarsely effaced-punctate, scabrous. green- ish black, longitudinally impressed each side of middle, the interven- jag surface with large tumid elevations, and the apex recurved;. face moderately prominent, a little rough, broadly grooved. with the carinate borders spreading apart below: rostrum yellowish, extending behind the middle coxez. Pronotum transverse.convex, rugulose and coarsely, closely punctate behind the impressed anterior lobe. Wing-covers moderately narrow. densely punctate and scabrous, finely pubescent, obliquely rounded at tip. Metasternum, pleural pieces, and cox yel- lowish: legs black or piceous, the middle and posterior tibi# sometimes pale. Length to tip of wing-covers, 63-8 mm.: width of pronotum, 24 mm. Type.—No. 3139, U.S.N.M. Fourteen specimens of three degrees of maturity are in the collec- tion. The females are usually larger than the males and less firm in texture of wing-covers. Subfamily APHROPHORINA. PHILZANUS SPUMARIUS, Linnzus. Cereopis spumaria, LINN ZUS, Syst. Nat., 12 ed., p. 708. Twenty-nine specimens of two or three varieties of this species are present in the collection. LEPYRONIA GROSSA, new species. This is a larger. more robust, and inflated form than L. coleoptrata, Linnzus. The pattern of marking of the female is much like that of the species cited, but it is nearly twice as large. Surface dull, grayish clay drab, black beneath and on the tergum, Vertex usually blackis): 286 in the males, grayish drab in the females, wider than long, angularly curbed, with the tip callous and a little recurved, pale, followed behind by a broad impression, the surface generally uneven, closely covered with grayish pubescence; eyes oblique, continuing the curve of the lateral margin, brown; front tumidly convex, mostly black, coarsely ribbed, longer than wide, separated from the spindle-shaped clypeus by a constricted interval; rostrum black, pale in the middle, reaching to the middle coxze. Pronotum uneven, wider than long, closely pubes- cent, triangularly emarginate posteriorly, callosities wide apart, trans- verse, suboval, indented in the middle, the surface unevenly granulated and with some obsolete punctures, lateral margins a little oblique, mid- de line suleated. Scutellum faintly each side of the middle, minutely shagreened and punctate, with the sides feebly sinuated, the middle with a short prominent, thick ridge, tip acute and pale. Wing-covers much inflated, as usual longer than the body, the inner margin of apex oblique, the outer oblique and a little curved, the base uneven, with two or three impressed spaces on and interior to the costal area, one of these runs from costa diagonally inward, base with a large trian- gular black spot, which starts at the seutellum and runs back obliquely outward to behind the middle of the costa, from this a broad band runs obliquely inward behind the apex of the clavus; inner corner of corium with a black spot, which is sometimes forked; pale portion of disk dotted with black in the female; surface generally pubescent. Legs piceous or black, the posterior tibia bounded with pale. Meso- sternum with a pale spot. Length to apex of wing-covers, 7-9 mm.; width of pronotum, 3-34 mm. Type.—No. 3133, U.S.N.M. Twenty-six specimens of this fine species are present in this collee- tion. The black markings on the wing-covers of the male are more sharply defined and concentrated than in the female. The male is also relatively rounder and broader than the female. HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. PHILAGRA ALBINOTATA, new species. Robust, subovate, obscure dark brown, marked with a costal longi- tudinal pale, angular spot, or with a rhomboidal spot near the costal apex and two or more pale spots on the disk of the wing-covers. Head produced, recurved toward the tip, forming a cylindrical tapering horn, with a polished callous tip, shagreened and somewhat punctate on the middle and basal part of vertex; face polished, having a broad yellow vittata which, originating near the tip, forks to follow the margin back to base and then continues upon the pleura to posterior coxie; rostrum stout, piceous, reaching to middle cox. Pronotum a little wider than long, scabrous, a little coarsely punctate in front, pubescent, with a yellow spot each side next the callosities, posterior margin deeply, triangularly emarginated, with a slender carinate line on the middle which continues on the head; scutellum with an ivory-yellow spot at No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 287 tip. Cw ing-covers aa moderate width, strongly arcuated on the co ostal border, nearly straight on the opposite margin to near the tip, the tip obliquely curved, the surface minutely scabrous, finely pubescent, with a series of about four, approximate, oblong, small pale spots on the disk, and a larger one near the apex of costa, the costal margin strongly reflexed. Sternum and venter banded with white. Legs pale chestnut brown, the middle and posterior coxie and adjoining pleural pieces whitish yellow. Length to end of wing-covers, 115-125 mm.; width of pronotum, 23-3 mm.; length of horn of head, 25 mm. Type. EN. 3138, U.S.N.M. Eleven specimens of this singular insect are in the collection, APHROPHORA MAJOR, new species. Form similar to that of A. alni, Fallen; pale brownish testaceous, with a tinge of gray, minutely pubescent, densely and roughly punctate. Vertex about half as long as wide, lunately arcuated, and oblique at the very tip, middle line carinated on a Jongitudinal ridge, which is darker than the adjoining surface, apical margin callous and pale; front low, longer than wide, moderately convex, curving narrower inferiorly, crossed by sharp-cut, yellowish ribs, which are separated by black, punctate grooves, the middle line callous, and pale above, clypeus with a central dagger-shaped white callosity, which connects above with the callous, white transverse border of the apex of front; cheeks tawny, unevenly punctate; rostrum piceous toward the tip, reaching to the posterior coxre. Pronotum very feebly convex, longer than wide, pune- tate with brown in uneven, transverse rough grooves, the lateral mar- gins obliquely narrowing posteriorly, the middle of apical margin slightly acute, posterior margin triangularly emarginated, the middle line interruptedly carinated; scutellum abruptly tapering from middle to tip, punctate with brown at base, pale yellowish and smooth near the tip. Wing covers gradually tapering to an almost acute tip, closely and a little more coarsely punctate toward the base, the inner margin quite straight until next the slightly expanded tip, the costal margin gently curved, veins long, forming long narrow areoles, cells of the apex short and narrow, the discoidal middle vein marked on the center with a pale round spot. Margins of the meso and meta pleura and sternum whitish testaceous. Legs pale tawny, tinged with darker, the apex of all the tarsi piceous. Venter polished, pale tawny. Length toend of abdomen, 7-11 mm.; to tipof wing-covers, 10-134 mm. ; width of pronotum, — mun. Type.—No. 3134, U.S.N.M. Twenty specimens of this variable species were placed in the collec tion. The range of variation in the size of the individuals is some- thing most remarkable. In some specimens also the apex of the head is acute and almost triangular. 288 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL, XIX. APHROPHORA OBLIQUA, new species. Pale fulvo-testaceous, coated with grayish pubescence, form of A. ali, Fallen. Vertex short, lunate, with the apex a little triangular and re- curved, the adjoining margin pale and smooth, a transverse groove crosses the line of the ocelli, and a depression exists behind the ocelli, surface uneven punctate, depressed area curving inward from the eye pale; front moderately convex, acute at the summit of the fusiform callous middle line, which is smooth and pale yellow, and with a black suture each side above, transverse ribs coarse, yellowish, with the intervening sutures blackish, punctate, and having the depression at the apex closely punctate with black; clypeus with a triangular callosity at base, which is followed below by a dagger-shaped, also pale, callosity, bounded each side by lines of punctures; cheeks uneven, punctate; rostrum yellowish, reaching behind the posterior cox, black at tip. Pronotum a little longer than wide, obcure orange anteriorly, dark brownish behind and on the scutellum, coarsely pune- tate in wavy lines posteriorly, less closely so anteriorly, middle line roughly carinated, posterior margin triangularly sinuated, the lateral margins oblique, anterior margin acute in the middle; scutellum acutely tapering to tip, with the lateral margins yellowish. Wing- covers pale grayish, the base fuscous, disk fuscous, mottled with pale testaceous, covered with fine pubescence, a broad, broken, pale diag- onal band extends from the inner angle of the clavus to before the middle of the costa, inner end bending back upon the clavus, surface rough and punctate, the apical one-third pale, with a brown spot at tip. Legs testaceous, with the apex of tibiz and bands on joints of tarsi brown. Abdominal segments bordered with whitish. Spots on sides of mesopleura and posterior part of metapleura whitish. Length to tip of wing-covers, 8-84 inm.; width of pronotum, 23 mm. Type.—No. 3135, U.S.N.M. Thirteen specimens are present in the collection. APHROPHORA INTERMEDIA, new species. Somewhat broader than the preceding species, but similarly marked ard more than twice as large. Color pale brown, finely grayish pubes- cent, densely and rather finely punctate on the upper surface and wing-covers. Head dull tawny brown above, black beneath, the vertex short, uneven, anterior margin a little curved, almost triangu- lar, with the reflexed margin callous and pale, middle depressed, unevenly, somewhat remotely, punctate, eyes dark brown, not promi- nent; front rather short, blunt subconical, convex, coarsely ribbed, the sutures coarsely punctate, above the base of clypeus callous, yellow; cheeks uneven, rough, punctate in places, hirsute, bordered with yellow; antenne honey yellow; rostrum black at base and tip, yellow in the middle, reaching upon the posterior coxie, Sternal and pleural NO. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 289 pieces bordered and marked with yellow. Cox piceous, the posterior pair and metasternum yellowish testaceous; anterior and middle femora testaceous, twice banded with black, the posterior femora piceous, with the tibiw piceous and banded with yellow, apex of tarsi piceous. Wing-covers with a fuscous cloud at base, omitting the clavus, on the middle a large subtriangular band, the two dark areas separated by an oblique, white band, apex almost hyaline, marked next the inner extremity by a long, dusky spot, the two extreme apical areoles much longer than the others, the series of small ones next beyond the costal area separated by oblique veins; wings dark brown. Abdomen dull black, the sutures very slenderly pale, and the connexivum bordered with pale yellow. Length to tip of wing covers, 11-12 mm.; width of pronotum, os—4 IM. Type.—No. 3136, U.S.N.M. Ten specimens are in the collection. They vary somewhat in depth of color, but otherwise seem to be unusually uniform in appearance, APHROPHORA FLAVIPES, new species. Narrower than either of the foregoing species, pale fulvo-testaceous, roughly punctate on most of the upper surface. Vertex yellow, with a broad, brown stripe on the middle, longer than in either of the pre- ceding species, the anterior margin acute, with the tip a little pro- duced, roundedly triangular, slightly reflexed, obsoletely carinated on the middle, the surface sunken at the position of the ocelli; eyes oblique, very moderately prominent; front much longer than wide, nearly ovate, high, very convex, middle callous line yellow, very slen- der, with the sutures each side closely punctate with brown, transverse ribs fine, tawny, with the sutures dark, slender, punctate; rostrum reaching behind the posterior coxie, broadly piceous at tip. Pronotum longer than wide, latero-posterior margins obliquely narrowing pos- teriorly, sinuated at base to fit the wing-cover, a broad, black stripe on the middle anteriorly, covering the acuminate point of the margin, each side of this is orange-colored spot, posterior half of surface dusky, and thickly punctate, middle line interruptedly carinate, the posterior margin triangularly and deeply emarginate, the lateral margins broadly reflexed. Scutellum pale orange, finely punctate, fuscous on the middle, slenderly tapering behind the middle, making a narrow tip. Wing-covers pale brownish testaceous, with an irregular brown spot next costal margin crossing hear the base, another, larger, across the disk, and a third, smaller one, next the middle of the anteapical series of areoles, a series of four or five diagonal cross-veins on the postcostal apex, one of the second series of brown spots is placed upon the middle of clavus. Breast and legs mostly yellow, apex of the tarsi piceous. Venter fulvous, tinged with yellow. Proc. N. M. vol. xix 19 290 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. ~— VOL. XIX. Length to end of wing-covers, 9-10 mm.; width of pronotum, 23-34 mm. Type.—No. 3137, U.S.N.M. Twelve specimens of this species are in the collection. APHROPHORA INDENTATA, new species. Testaceous, with a pale grayish-brown tinge, polished, roughly, but closely and finely punctate, in form similar to A. quadrinotata, Say, but rather broader, and different in details. Vertex short, subtriangular, with the apex prominent, the margin raised, thick and callous, pale, middle carina very prominent, the surface each side of it much depressed, with dark patches in the hollows, and on two spots on the anterior margin, front very prominent, convex, but little longer than wide, with an ivory-white spot above, the middle line punctate with black each side, transverse sulci blackish, the upper ones more distinctly punctate, the apex and clypeus testaceous; rostrum soiled testaceous, reaching upon the posterior coxie, piceous at tip. Pronotum scarcely longer than wide, very convex, carinated on the middle line, acute at forward end of the carina, latero-posterior margins oblique, the lateral margins short, nearly straight, feebly carinate; surface coarsely punc- tate, marked with irregular brown spots or clouds; scutellum pale, indeuted, brown, and punctate in the middle, slender, short, acute, and pale at tip. Wing-covers whitish-testaceous, tumidly inflated on the middle back of the costal area, unevenly marbled with brown, leaving interruptions on some of the veins, usually with a brown spot on the middle of the anteapical series, a smaller one near the apex, costally, and three small streaks at the end of three apical, superior, veins, postcostal space marked with only one small areole. Legs soiled testaceous, the femora clouded with a brown spot, and two faint, dusky bands on the tibiz, tarsal nails piceous. Sternum and pleura pale testaceous. Venter orange fulvous, smooth, sutures of the segments narrowly bordered with rufous. Length to tip of hemelytra, 7-8 mm.; width of pronotum, 24 mm. Type.—No. 3132, U.S.N.M. Hight specimens, all more or less different, are in the collection. Family JASSID/&. PETALOCEPHALA DISCOLOR, new species. Long and narrow, rusty brown with a tinge of orange. Head a little longer than the prothorax, triangularly rounded at the apex, the ex- treme tip recurved; surface dull, densely, minutely scabrous, obsoletely pubescent, almost flat, the antero-lateral margin reflexed, the middle line bluntly elevated; eyes dark brown, but little raised above the margin; ocelli seated against a slight depression; face broadly scooped out, black, with a yellow fusiform stripe on the middle, clypeus and NO, 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 291 rostrum yellow; antenne yellow, the bristle brown, the basal three joints moniliform. Pronotum convex on the dorsal portion, unevenly rugulose and punctate, marbled or clouded with fuscous, depressed anteriorly to the level of the head, anterior margin pale, a little curved, shorter than the posterior one, the posterior margin broadly bilobate, the lobes separated by a deep and wide sinus, widely testa- ceous, the humeri bluntly triangular; mesonotum small, transverse, indented each side of base of scutellum and with three pale callosities at that point; scutellum very small, triangular, pointed with brown like the rest of the notum. Wing-covers almost parallel-sided, widen- ing at the base of the membrane, and obliquely curving from thence to apex, color dull pale hyaline, streaked and bordered with brown areas, irregularly punctate and rugulose, the clavus opaque, thick, dark brown, the inner border interrupted with whitish, veins pale brown, partly interrupted with whitish, veins of the apical cells next the costal border short, broken, a little sinuous, dark brown. Legs pale dull brown, darker at the ends of the members and tips of tarsi. The under side black, and the segments all edged with whitish. Length to end of abdomen, 7-9 mmn.; to tip of wing-covers, 94-114 mm.; width of base of pronotum, 24-3 mm. Type.—No. 3143, U.S.N.M. Four specimens, varying in colors and marking, are in the collection. LEDRA AUDITURA, Walker. Ledra auditura, WALKER, Brit. Mus. List, Supp., p, 249. Nine specimens, some of which are very large females, are present in this collection. They vary considerably in colors and patterns of marking. PENTHIMIA ATRA, Fabricius. Penthimia atra, FaBricius, Ent. Syst., 1V, p. 55, No. ¢ 2) 6. ~~ Four specimens of large size and black color are in this collection. One individual has a pale band across the pronotum. PARABOLOCRATUS GUTTATUS, new species. Elongated, bright pea green, polished. Head almost as long as wide, triangularly rounded in front, the subacute apex a little upturned, eyes brown, long, bluntiy triangular on the inner side, the depressed middle crossed by two impressed lines, and a very slender impressed line on the middle; antenne very long and slender, yellow from base to middle, brown from thence to tip. Pronotum short, sublunate, with the lateral ends diagonal and moderately rounded, the surface very finely wrinkled. Sternum and legs paler, the femora with some black specks, the tibize dotted with black, and with black spines. Wing-covers wedge-shaped when closed, a little tinged with yellow above, the margin of the clavus marked with two black, small spots, 292 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. one of which is on the apex, apical ends of membrane with two or three black traces, the surface highly polished. Length to tip of wing-covers, 6-7 mm.; width of pronotum, 2 mm. Type.—No. 3140, U.S.N.M. Ten specimens are in the collection. SELENOCEPHALUS VITTATIPES, new species. Pale straw color; head broad, vertex sublunate, subtriangular and a little recurved at tip, the surface transversely depressed and slightly discolored; eyes large, ovate, brown; front broad and short, fuscous below, and crossed by close-set, fine brown lines. Pronotum broad, the transverse tabulate anterior lobe callous, the surface back of this crossed by fine, close wrinkles. Scutellum smooth, triangular, wider than long, acute at tip. Testaceo-hyaline, with yellowish veins. Legs dull straw yellow, with a black stripe on the posterior side of the femora and tibie. Length to tip of wing-covers, 7mm.; width of pronotum, 25 mm. Type.—No. 3127, U.S.N.M. Only one specimen, a female, is in the collection. SELENOCEPHALUS CINCTICEPS, new species. Pale green, slender, with a slight black band behind the tip of vertex. Head short, sublunate, scarcely wider than the pronotum, the vertex feebly angular on the pale, recurved tip, this part separated behind by a transverse, impressed line which is usually colored black, the middle line behind this very slender, black, front long, gradually curving narrower below, banded with slender black lines, clypeus, ros- trum, and cheeks ivory yellow. Eyes brown. Pronotum short, green, with the front border and oblique sides yellowish, a little uneven and indented anteriorly, the posterior submargin including the sides lin- early impressed and the edge reflexed; scutellum yellowish, triangular, depressed across the middle, acute at tip. Legs yellowish, with the spines and tips of tarsi brown. Under side ivory white. Wing-covers highly polished, long and narrow, yellow posteriorly and almost white along the costa] border. Length to tip of wing-covers, 5-6 mm.; width of pronotum, 14-15 mm. Type.—No. 3128, U.S.N.M. Fifteen specimens, including two or three varieties, are in the collec- tion. Some of the males have a wide black spot across the end of the wing-covers. PACHYOPSIS MUNDUS, new species. Pale greenish yellow, almost opaque, front and vertex almost coalese- ing, convex, the vertex short. Pronotum as wide as the head witi the eyes, much wider than long, narrowly wrinkled, with the sides rounded, and the disk moderately convex, having an impressed, transverse, ee NO. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 293 eurved line anteriorly. Seutellum with a roundish fossa each side of base. Wing-covers very coarsely and obsoletely, remotely punctate. Legs pale yellowish. Length to tip of wing-covers, 6mm.; width of pronotum, 2mm. Type.—No. 3126, U.S.N.M. Only two specimens are in the collection. Not so stout as P. robus- tus, Uhler. EUACANTHUS INTERRUPTUS, Linnzus. Euacanthus interruptus, LINN.®US, Fauna Suec., p. 889 = Six specimens of two varieties are present. EUACANTHUS ANGUSTATUS, new species. Much narrower and longer than the preceding species, and with fully developed wing-covers. The head is also less indented and slightly narrower. Color black; head with a large yellow, angular spot next the eye and extending behind connects with the same color on the cheeks, each side of middle behind is round fossa, followed exteriorly by a shallow groove; face yellow, with three black spots above, surmounted by a yellow dot in the black of the vertex, and on the middle a black dot. Pronotum sublunate, polished, partly bordered each side before by a yellow band. Scutellum with a yellow subtri- angular spot at base, and the acute tip also yellow. Wing-covers long and narrow, black, polished, bordered with pale yellow. Middle of sternum with a black spot. Venter narrowly yellow on the sutures of the segments. Length to tip of hemelytra, 65-7 mm.; width of pronotum, 14 mm. Type.—No. 3129, U.S.N.M. Eight specimens are present. Possibly this is the macropterous form of the preceding, but it offers a few structural points of ditterence therefrom. TETTIGONIA VIRIDIS, Linnzus. Tettigonia viridis, LUNNZUS, Fauna Suec., p. 896. Thirteen specimens of the common form are present in the collection, although some are of large size. TETTIGONIA FERRUGINEA, Fabricius. Tettigonia ferruginea, FABRICIUS, Entom. Syst., p. 32, No. 22.—SIGNORET, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1863, p. 676, pl. x x1, fig. 5. Fifteen specimens, almost exactly alike, contribute a showy element to the collection. The name given to this species by Fabricius is unfor- tunate, since the insect, instead of being ferruginous, is usually of a bright orange yellow, with black markings. 294 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. VOL. XIX. TETTIGONIA GUTTIGERA, new species. Form similar to 7. nigroguttata, Signoret, but with a shorter head and wider pronotum. Color orange or pale yellow, with the surface polished. Vertex much wider than long, bluntly triangular and tumid on the apical division, and which is bounded behind by a wide trans- verse impression, before the middle three black dots, basal division incised on the middle, and with the posterior margin carinated; front nearly conical, convex, distinetiy cross-ribbed, on the middle above is a black dot, the two lateral spots of the vertex sometimes overlapping on the front; clypeus prominently ridged; the rostrum very slender, reaching to the middle cox; superior cheeks with a wide, deep lon- gitudinal groove. Pronotum transverse, wider than the head, ante- riorly lower than the head, finely wrinkled, coarsely and obsoletely punctate, the sides curving down, and the posterior margin curving forward, middle of posterior margin triangularly emarginate; meso- notum triangular, depressed, obsoletely panctate, the scutellar portion elevated. Wing-covers translucent, thin, the veins and cells long and mostly parallel-sided, unevenly rugulose, broadly curved at tip. Legs and beneath pale yellow, the spines a little darker, and the tip of tarsi piceous. Length to tip of wing-covers, 10 mm.; width of base of pronotum, 24 mm. Type.—No. 3125, U.S.N.M. Five specimens are in the collection, of which one is much paler than the others. THAMNOTETTIX SELLATA, new species. Broad spindle-shaped, testaceous with a faint bluish tinge, dotted and speckled with pale brown, and with a large, brownish spot on the middle 6f the wing-covers conjointly, the tip and two or three traces darker brown. Vertex ivory-yellowish, sublunate, slightly triangular, at tip, with a row of fine points near the anterior margin and more remote dots on the posterior margin: front conically narrowing below; eyes brown. Pronotum transverse, highly polished, crossed by a few fine, scratched lines, color ivory-yellow, lateral angles acutely narrow- ing, the postero-lateral margin oblique. Mesodorsum, including the scutellum, triangular and a little shorter than wide, with two small brown dots near base, separated by a slender line, and followed on the scutellum by a brown, transverse spot, scutellum bounded at base by a curved suture. Wing-covers curved, wedge-shaped by contact at the apical area, finely dotted, sprinkled and veined with brown, tbe ovate, central spot partly margined with darker brown, effaced on the sutural line, apex of membrane with a suffused brown spot which has a few pale dots inclosed in it, the superior apical angle rectangular, cos- tal border curved, pale, the subcostal vein speckled with brown. Legs >” _ en No. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 295 spotted and dotted with brown, the tibize with a brown dot at base of many of the spines, tarsal joints interrupted with brown. Length to tip of wing-covers, 44 mm.; width of pronotum, 14mm. Type.—No. 3130, U.S.N.M. Only two specimens of this modest little species are in the collection. It somewhat resembles Jassus seminudus, Say, in pattern of marking and colors, but it is a much wider insect, more wedge-shaped posteri- orly, and with a more acute vertex. LIMOTETTIX?, species. Twelve specimens of a long and narrow species related to Delto- cephalus are present in one of the boxes. This insect has so much resem- blance to the European insects of this type that I hesitate to describe it, believing that it must have been published heretofore by some of the German or Scandinavian entomologists. The Psyllid of the collection have been worked up by Mr. E. A. Schwarz, and his descriptions are herewith appended. ANOMONEURA, Schwarz, new genus. Head strongly inclined; plates of vertex anteriorly obliquely trun- cate and subtriangularly produced near the anterior ocellus; frontal processes cone-shaped, depressed below the level of the vertex: eyes large globular; anterior ocellus visible from above; antenne long and slender; third joint much longer and thinner than the second. Pro- notum strongly ascending posteriorly, lateral impressions distinct; dorsulum transverse, slightly ascending posteriorly. Fore wings elon- gate, membraneous, of equal width from middle to apical fourth, apical edge rounded but not regularly so, the tip of the wing being much nearer to the anterior than to the posterior costa; petiolus cubiti about half the length of the discoidal part of subcosta: a long pterostigma: radius slightly curved and normal at its basal half, beyond the middle giving forth two (sometimes three, or even four) parallel cross veins which run obliquely through the radial cell to the outer costa; at apical fourth the radius bifureates, thus forming a large marginal cell, which is crossed by the fourth furcal vein; stem of second fork greatly arched at basal half; discoidal cell closed, first marginal cell much smaller than the second; fourth furcal vein running in the tip of the wing; hind tibiz not toothed at base; genital plate and forceps of male without appendages. Belongs to the tribe Psyllini and agrees with the genus Psylla (as defined by Fr. Lew) in shape of the body and in formation of cephalic parts, but differs in the form of the fore wings, and more especially in the venation. The latter is altogether most unusual, and would have been considered as an accidental abnormity if a single specimen only had been examined. The number of accessorial veins connecting the 296 HEMIPTERA OF JAPAN—UHLER. Vou. XIX. radius with the outer costa varies from two to four; if there are only two or three, one or the other of them occasionally bifurcates, the bifurca- tion beginning either near the base or in the middle of the vein. ANOMONEURA MORI, Schwarz, new species. Body rather stout, opaque, very finely aciculate, pale yellowish green, or greenish yellow, or pale ocherous, dorsulum and mesonotum with faint markings of a more decided yellow color. Posterior margin of head strongly emarginate, vertex nearly flat, along the median line slightly Shorter than half its width at base, nearly parallel between the eyes, anteriorly obliquatus truncate and slightly triangularly pro- duced ; discal impressions small but continued anteriorly in an oblique line; frontal processes hairy, as long as the vertex at middle, obtusely triangular, contiguous and broad at base, divergent apically. Antennie longer than head and thorax combined, filiform, pale yellew, joint 3 slightly longer than 4, joints 4 to 8 subequal in length, tipped with black, joints 9 and 10-entirely black. Pronotum at middle slightly longer than at the sides, as long as the vertex, anterior edge strongly convex, posterior edge slightly concave; dorsulum at middle nearly twice shorter than its width and decidedly longer than the vertex, anteriorly much more arched than posteriorly. Fore wings about two and one-half times longer than wide, widest part at apical third, slightly whitish but transparent, with a series of brownish spots on the costa from the outer corner of the clavus to the first branch of the radius; also with numerous small brown dots along the fureal veins and the branches of the radius. Veins moderately fine, pale ocherous, anterior costa nearly straight to within a short dis- tance from the tip, posterior costa beginning to arch at apical fourth; the tip of the wing is therefore not in the middle of the apex, but much nearer the anterior costa than to the posterior costa; discoidal part of subcosta slightly shorter than the basal part, stigma tolerably long, but narrow and not closed; radius as described in the generic description; stem of first (inner) fork longer than the basal part of subcosta, first furcal vein very short, forming an obtuse angle with the stem; second fureal forming an obtuse angle with the stem, abruptly bent beyond its middle and terminating rectangularly on the costa; stem of second fork greatly arching at basal half, straight and parallel with the first stem at terminal half, third furcal vein forming the straight continu- ation of the stem, fourth fureal continued across the outermost branch of the radius, decidedly longer than the third fureal and terminating in the tip of the wing. Metacoxal processes rather blunt at tip; legs pale greenish or yellowish; tarsi darker. Male.—Genital plate slightly longer than the genital segment, with- out lateral lobes, straight, rather broad, about four times higher than wide, hardly narrowing apically; forceps, when viewed from the side, slightly narrower and about one-fifth shorter than the plate, simple, sn alist. pain i At nl a hi ln < ee ee es rT ae Sop a te Ae Pee < no. 1108. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 297 pointed at tip, front edge slightly convex, hind edge straight; when viewed from behind, the two lobes of the forceps are separated by a narrow slit, the sides of which are not arcuate, but converge gradually toward the tip. Female.—Genital segment a little longer than the two preceding ven- tral segments combined; valves normal and gradually narrowing toward the tips, which are moderately acute; upper edge of upper valve (when viewed from the side) slightly concave, lower valve shorter than the upper, and with its lower edge convex. Type.—No. 3410, U.S.N.M. The collection contains three female specimens, No. 1154 marked 2367. I have also seen four other specimens (two males, two females) collected in Japan by Mr. Albert Koebele, who writes that this species is very injurious to mulberry and a serious drawback to sericulture. PSYLLA PYRISUGA Feerster. The collection contains eight specimens, No. 1150, which in no way differ from European specimens. The synonymy of this species is given by Dr. Franz Loéw.! 1 Ver. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges, Wein, XXXII, p. 427 (1882). ON THE GENUS REMONDIA, GABB, A GROUP OF CRETACEOUS BIVALVE MOLLUSKS, By TimotHy W. STANTON, Custodian of Mesozoic Invertebrates. In 1869 W. M. Gabb!' described a small collection of Cretaceous fossils obtained by Auguste Rémond de Corbineau near Arivechi, in the State of Sonora, Mexico. The horizon is now known to be about the same as that of the Comanche Peak limestone, which is near the middle of the Texan Comanche series. Among these fossils were sev- eral specimens of a peculiar shell for which Gabb proposed the generic name Remondia, with the following description: ‘Shell compressed, elongate subquadrate, closed at the extremities (or perhaps slightly gaping posteriorly). Ligament very short, exter- nal. Hinge composed of three radiating cardinal teeth in each valve, and a long posterier tooth in the left with a corresponding tooth in the right. The middle cardinal tooth of the left valve is transversely striated as in Trigonia, and is slightly grooved on its face; the anterior is linear and smooth, and the posterior is also smooth, at least on its posterior face. The posterior lateral and its corresponding cavity are irregularly rugose. In the right valve the anterior tooth is as large as the middle; the posterior is linear; further details unknown. “This genus is evidently closely allied to Trigonia, its quadrate form not being unlike many of the species of that genus, and the trans- versely striate teeth showing a marked resemblance.” Type.—Remondia furcata, Gabb. The genus has been recognized in the manuals of conchology and paleontology and placed in the Trigoniide by Tryon, Zittel, and Fischer, though the latter remarks that it would perhaps be better placed near Astarte. Stoliczka referred to it Astarte bronnii, Krauss, from the Lower Cretaceous of South Africa, and recently Cragin” has described a species, Remondia ferrissi, from the Lower Cretaceous of southern Kansas. ‘Paleontology of California, II, pp. 257-276. “Amer. Geol., XIV, July, 1894, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 1; Bull. Washburn College Lab. Nat. Hist., II, No. 10, p. 68. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XIX—No. 1109. 300 THE GENUS REMONDIA—STANTON. VOL. XIX. In 1887 Dr. C. A. White: described the genus Stearnsia and referred it to the Crassatellide, the type being Stearnsia robbinsi, from the Comanche series near Fort Worth, Texas. As it differed greatly from Remondia furcata in outline and showed no relationship with Trigonia no comparisons with Gabb’s genus were suggested. When examining the types of Remondia in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, a short time ago, my attention was attracted to their striking resemblance to Stearnsia in surface sculpture, form of lunule and eseutcheon, and other external characters. Through the courtesy of the Curators of the Academy I have been permitted to study these types more closely and to make direct comparisons with the types of Stearnsia in the United States National Museum. The study of the specimens has shown some errors in the original. description of Remondia, especially in the details of the hinge, that have prevented the genus from being understood. The cardinal teeth were clearly seen by Gabb in only one fragmen- tary specimen, which he described and figured as a left valve, but which is really a right valve, as the lines of growth and position of the ligament show. It has three cardinal teeth as described, but the hinge of the left valve when cleaned shows only two cardinals, thus agreeing with Stearnsia. The striation of the cardinal teeth, which seems to have been the principal reason for referring the genus to the Trigoniid, is precisely like that seen in many species of Crassatella and Astarte—Cressatella vadosa, Morton, for example. There is a long slightly rugose posterior lateral lamina or tooth in the left valve and a similar anterior one in the right valve, with corresponding sockets opposite them. This also agrees essentially with Stearnsia, though in the original description of that genus the structure here designated as a socket is regarded as two lateral teeth. The character of the lateral laminée is precisely like that seen in some species of Crassatella, such as Crassatella undulata, Say, from the Miocene, excepting that their positions are reversed, the right valve of the Crassatella bearing the posterior lamina and the left valve the anterior one. The ligament, instead of being external as described, was partly internal, and a linear lamina traversing the area of attachment indi- cates that it was separated into ligament proper and resilium. With these emendations of Gabb’s description it is evident that Remondia has all the essential features of the Crassatellidie, or Crassa- tellitide, as the family is now called.?, The cardinal formula is the same (1°"), and it differs from Crassatella (Crassatellites) only in the R1010) more equal development of the cardinal teeth, the partially external position of the ligament, and the arrangement of the lateral lamine. Stearnsia is regarded as a synonym of Remondia. The two species on 1Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1887, p. 32. 2W.H. Dall, Tertiary Mollusks of Florida, Pt. 11, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. of Sci., III, p. 539. No. 1109. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 301 which the genera were based agree in hinge structure, in character of sculpture, especially in early stages of growth, in form of the lunule and escutcheon, and in the presence of an umbonal ridge with an accom- panying furrow which produces an emargination of the posterior end. Their chief differences are the external form—subtriangular in the one and elongate subquadrate in the other—and the fact that in Stearnsia robbinst the free margins of the valves are smooth, while in Remondia furcata they are crenulate within, but in both these respects there is an equal amount of variation in the genus Crassatella. The genus may be redefined as follows: Family CRASSATELLITID4. Genus REMONDIA, Gabb. (Plate XXVI, figs. 1-8.) Shell rather compressed, equivalve or nearly so, elongate subquad- rate to subtriangular in outline; lunule and escutcheon well marked and deeply excavated; ligament partly internal; hinge with three ear- dinal teeth and an anterior lateral lamina in the right valve and two cardinals with a posterior lateral lamina in the left; free margins smooth or crenulate within; sculpture consisting of strong concentric ridges and furrows which may become obsolete in later stages of growth; posterior end usually (always?) emarginate. Type.—Remondia furcata, Gabb. Other examples: Remondia ferrissi, Cragin, Stearnsia robbinsi, White, and possibly Astarte bronnii, Krauss,! Astarte sinuata, V@Orbigny, and A. carinata, @Orbigny. Note.—The specimens of Remondia robbinsi figured are No. 20157, United States National Museum Catalogue of Invertebrate Fossils. Those of R. furcata are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. IPVATHeXCKOV I, Remondia furcata, Gabb. Fic. 1. Fragment showing the umbonal portion of a right valve............-- 2. Hinge of same. (This is the hinge figured by Gabb in Paleontology of California UlplasG tow lanes = sees ca ater barns creeeie sic ae ein aleve sisioie 34 ee Lwo views ofiGabbisiothertioured type) -s:as----cces-2 ---ceeseos esse 5. Hinge of left valve from a specimen in the type lot...............---- 299 Remondia robbinsi (White). 6,7. Tw> views of one of the types (from the original drawings published yan islet) are eae eee Cet et ea ee oes 8. Hinge of left valve of another specimen (from the original drawing of AUC) eesrerten eee eka else ete see aero napas cata etels o c ereiele nics eye wiatarsiee 300 1T have not had access to the description and figures of this species. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. XXVI _ ISS Cnaeecararnn ane DSW 3 GENUS REMONDIA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 301. DESCRIPTIONS OF TERTIARY FOSSILS FROM THE ANTILLEAN REGION. By R. J. LECHMERE Guppy, F.L.5S., F. G.S., Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, and WILLIAM HEALEY DALL, Honorary Curator of the Department of Mollusks. SOME TIME since, the United States National Museum acquired by purchase the collection of Antillean Tertiary fossils made by the senior author of this paper, containing many types and also some new but undescribed forms. Mr. Guppy forwarded descriptions of the latter for publication in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Owing to the absence of named collections and works of reference in Trinidad, some changes were necessary to prepare the paper for printing, and at Mr. Guppy’s request I have revised the manuscript, Supervised the preparation of the figures of the new spe- cies, and added descriptions of some other new forms in the National Museum collections from the same region. The sources of the fossils are as follows: Pliocene—The marls of Moen, Costa Rica, and vicinity afford many finely preserved Pliocene fossils, which have been collected and described by W. M. Gabb, and from which R. T. Hill has also obtained some material. Miocene.—Beds in the Isthmian region, and also in Jamaica, and the Caroni beds of Trinidad have long been referred to the Miocene, from their obvious relations to the so called Miocene of Bordeaux and Dax; others of analogous age were discriminated by me from the Chesapeake Miocene of Virginia, Maryland, and Florida under the name of the Chipolan or Old Miocene. Subsequent studies have shown that all these beds, including those of Bordeaux, are referable to what is now known as the Oligocene or uppermost Eocene horizons. No strictly Miocene strata have yet been discriminated in the Antillean region, PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XIX—No. 1110. 304 ANTILLEAN FOSSILS—GUPPY AND DALL. VOL. XIX. and it is probable that the general elevation of the Antillean and Mid- dle American lands, which is known to have taken place about the end of the Oligocene, maintained all of the present land areas above the level of the sea during the Miocene period. The strata of true Miocene in Florida are known to be extremely thin, and may probably have run out altogether a little farther south. Upper Oligocene.-—The Bowden and Clarendon marls of Jamaica, though only a few feet in thickness, are extremely rich in well-preserved fossils, many of which are common to the Chipola beds, Tampa, and Chattahoochee horizons of Florida, corresponding to the Aquitanian of France. The deposits in Jamaica have been explored by Vendryes, from whom Mr. Guppy received most of his Jamaican material; by Henderson and Simpson, for the National Museum, and by R. T. Hill, under the auspices of Dr. Alexander Agassiz. Similar beds in Santo Domingo and Haiti have been the source of specimens described by Sowerby and Gabb, and collections made by Rowell and Bland. Mr. Guppy has also described a number of species from this island. On the isthmus in the upper marls of Monkey Hill,in the Naparima beds of Trinidad, in Curacao and elsewhere, there appear to be strata refer- able to the same series. Mr. Guppy recognizes the following horizons in Trinidad: Ally Creek shell bed, Naparima; Leda and Nucula beds, Naparima; Ditrupa bed, Pointapier. The last mentioned is evidently due to deposition in deeper water than the others. In all the Trini- dad beds the fossils are less well preserved than in Jamaica, Haiti, and the Isthmus of Darien. Lower Oligocene.—The Guallava sandstones of Costa Rica afforded Mr. Hill a few typical Vicksburgian species, being the southernmost point at which characteristic Vicksburg fauna has yet been recognized. Eocene.—The Gatun beds of Conrad and Hill, the lower marls of Monkey Hill, and the Mindi Hill beds of the Panama Isthmus, are Eocene and contain a fair proportion of species common to the Clai- bornian of Alabama and the Upper Tejon of California. Among these may be mentioned Lupia perovata, Conrad, Solarium alveatum, Conrad, Lunatia eminula, Conrad, several species of Naticoids and Cerithiopsis, Turritella uvasana, Conrad, and the genus Glyptostyla. Some of the species, like Venus walli, Guppy, and Cardium haitensis, Sowerby, appear to survive into the Oligocene. This horizon has been explored by Rowell, Conrad, Gabb, and others. The Manzanilla beds of Trini- dad were probably contemporaneous. The list of Tertiary fossils of the West Indian region, prepared by Mr. Guppy in 1874,' comprised some 250 species of fossil mollusks, but the fauna is much richer than this, since in one day, at the Bowden beds, Messrs. Henderson and Simpson procured over 400 species. A significant proportion of these appear to have survived little changed, or to be represented by closely analogous species in the recent fauna of 1 Geol. Mag., Decade II, I, Nos, 9 and 10, Sept. and Oct., 1874, Re erwit’ he ) | ' 7 | | | No. 1110. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 305 the West Indies, while the corals, which are described by the late P. M. Dunean, are remarkably different from those of the existing fauna. In the present paper those species followed by the name of Mr. Guppy were described by him, the others by the writer. Mr. Guppy notes that the new species from the Trinidad rocks, herein described, have for the most part been detected since 1890, during his reexpiora- tion of the imicrozoic rocks of thé island. The strata are briefly described in his paper on the ‘Tertiary microzoic formations of Trinidad,” read before the Geological Society of London in June, 1892, and published in the issue of the Journal of the society for Novem- ber, 1892. Wm. H. DALL. DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. RINGICULA, doubtful species, junior. Oblong-ovate, turrited; whorls 5, spirally ribbed by rounded costz with narrow (linear) interstices; aperture suboval; columella with two strongly twisted folds; spire conic; apex smooth, blunt. Length 3 mm., breadth 2mm. [G.] Ditrupa bed, Pointapier, Trinidad, Guppy (2270). No. 107108, U.S.N.M. Shells all incomplete and too young to name or discriminate, but useful as establishing the presence of this genus in the beds. TORNATINA BULLATA, Kiener. T. canaliculata, ORBIGNY, Moll. Cuba, I, p. 153, pl. Iv bis, figs. 21-24, 1853; not of Say. Oligocene of Jamaica (Guppy, 2267). No. 107110, U.S.N.M. PLEUROTOMA VENUSTA, Sowerby. P. venusta, SOwERBY, Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond., VI, p. 50, pl. x, fig. 7, 1849. P. jamaicense, Guppy, Journ. Geol, Soc. Lond., XXII, p. 290, pl. X v1, fig. 6, 1866. Oligocene of Jamaica and Haiti; Ditrupa bed, Pointapier, Trinidad, Guppy (2118, 2255). No. 107140, U.S.N.M. Very young specimens of several other species were obtained from this locality, but they were not sufficiently matured for description. CLATHURELLA AMICTA, Guppy, new species. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 12.) Fusiform-ovate with longitudinal ribs crossed by revolving (spiral) ridges which rise upon them; whorls about 7, strongly keeled in the middle by one of the most prominent of the revolving ridges, some- times the uppermost one, but in other examples the third or fourth; aperture elongate-oval; peristome broadly expanded and reflected; sinus produced. Alt., 4.6mm, [G.] Oligocene of Jamaica, Vendryes (Guppy, 2273). No. 107142, U.S.N.M. 20 Proe. N. M. vol. xix 306 ANTILLEAN FOSSILS—GUPPY AND DALL. VOL. XIX. CLATHURELLA VENDRYESIANA, Dall, new species. (Plate XXVII, fig. 1.) Acumninate, fusiformly oblong-turrited, closely and regularly cancel- late; Longitudinal sculpture boldest on upper whorls, except the first two, which are quite smooth; whorls 8, the last forming about one- half; upper angle of whorls forming a slight keel, upon which the longitudinal striz become sinuate; aperture oblong, narrow; canal and sinus broad and deep; lip much thickened. Length 14 mm., breadth 5mm. [G.] Oligocene of Jamaica, Vendryes (Guppy, 2284). No. 107086, U.S.N.M. This species was sent by Mr. Guppy under the manuscript name /or- mosa, Which is preoccupied in the genus Clathurella by Jeftreys, 1883. CYTHARA GIBBA, Guppy, new species. (Plate XXVII, fig. 9.) Much resembling C. biconica, Reeve, but smaller and proportionately shorter. Alt., 3.8 mm. Oligocene of Jamaica, Vendryes (Guppy, 2274). No. 10714344, U.S.N.M. CYTHARA GUPPYI, Dall, new species. (Plate XXVU, fig. 5.) This differs from C. biconica, Reeve, by its less angular shoulder, its lower, more rounded, and delicate ribs, and smaller nucleus. Alt. 6.5 mm. Oligocene of Jamaica, Vendryes (Guppy, 2275). No.107145, U.S.N.M. This was sent under the preoccupied manuscript specific name of gib- berosa, Guppy, for which I have substituted the above designation. CYTHARA MUCRONATA, Guppy, new species. (Plate XX VII, fig. 6.) Fusiformly oblong, acuminate, cancellate, the longitudinal ridges being usually but not always the stoutest; whorls 5, the two apical ones large and smooth; suture marked by a prominent smooth, revolv- ing ridge; last whorl more than one-half the shell; aperture suboval elongate; canal and sinus well developed; lip thickened. Alt. 5.5 mm., lat. 2.5mm. |G.| Oligocene of Jamaica, Vendryes (Guppy, 2286). No. 107087, U.S.N.M. CYTHARA OBTUSA, Guppy, new species. (Plate XX VII, fig. 7.) Ovate-fusiform, longitudinally ribbed by costz which are sinuate on the angle of the whorl and about the same width as their interstices, which are crossed by fine lines; whorls about 7, somewhat convex and No. 1110. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. BOW angulated; apex obtuse, the three apical whorls smooth; : aperture nar- row, produced into a moderate canal; lip thickened, notch very distinct. Length 6 mm., breadth 1.5 mm. [G.] Oligocene of Jamaica, Vendryes (Guppy, 2286). No. 107088, U.S.N.M. The preceding species of Cythara are on the border line between the typical Cythare and the small Mangilie, and might, with almost equal pertinency be included in either subdivision of the genus. MANGILIA CONSENTANEA, Guppy, new species. (Plate XX VII, fig. 4.) Fusiform-turrited; whorls about 8, sharply angulate, spirally lirate, the strongest thread forming the angle of the whorls and rising like the other threads into knobs upon the longitudinally elongate or variciform tubercles; surface of whorl above the keel minutely irate by fine spiral threads, aperture elongate, terminating in a moderate canal. Length 6.2 mm., breadth 2mm. [G.| Oligocene of Name a, Vendryes (Guppy, 2289). No. 107091, N.M. This species is closely related to such species as J. cerina, a and Stimpson, WM. limonitella, Dall, and other recent forms which are charac- terized by a microscopically granular surface. MANGILIA, doubtful species. Oligocene of Jamaica, Guppy (2273). No. 107142, U.S.N.M. One or two indeterminable young shells, net of any of the above-mentioned species, were included in the same lot with Clathurella amicta. CANCELLARIA ROWELLI, Dall, new species. (Plate XXIX, fig. 1.) Shell solid, acute, with seven moderately rounded whorls; suture well marked; spiral sculpture of numerous flat, little-elevated, narrow bands with narrower interspaces, the bands becoming more rounded, prominent, and somewhat alternated on the base; transverse sculpture of numerous low, narrow, flattish riblets with their posterior edges higher and sharper, crossing the spirals without interruption except on the base, and slightly nodulated by the two or three spirals in front of the suture; pillar constricted above the somewhat imbricated siphonal fasciole; aperture longer than wide, pillar with a wash of callus, and three plaits progressively less strong beginning with the posterior which crowns the fasciole; umbilicus none; body hardly cal- lous; outer lip thickened, not reflected, obliquely receding in front, internally with sharp, distant lirations; canal short, recurved. Alt. 25, max. lat. 13 mm. Potrero, Rio Amina, Santo Domingo, Rowell, in what are probably Oligocene strata. No. 113762, U.S.N.M. This species is named in honor of Rev. J. Rowell, an old collaborator of the Smithsonian Insti- tution, and a pioneer of 1849 in California. It is perhaps most nearly 308 ANTILLEAN FOSSILS—GUPPY AND DALL. VOL. XIX. related to C. urceolata, Hinds, found living on the west coast of Middle America. OLIVA PLICATA, Guppy, new species. (Plate XXX, fig. 12.) Cylindrical; spire conic; apex prominent; whorls 7; suture deeply channeled; columella with 10-12 strong plaits. Alt. 12.2, lat. 5 mm. [G.| Oligocene of Jamaica, Vendryes (Guppy, 2288). No. 107090, U.S.N.M. OLIVELLA INDIVISA, Guppy, new species. (Plate XXX, fig. 10.) Elongate-conic; whorls about 6, the last about three-fourths of the length of the shell. Allied to O. oryza, of which it may be considered a Miocene form. Alt. 6.5, lat. 1.5 mm. [G.]| Oligocene of Jamaica, Vendryes (Guppy, 2287). No. 107089, U.S.N.M. OLIVELLA, doubtful species. Specimens of very young and indeterminable species of Olivella were found in some numbers in the Ditrupa bed at Pointapier, Trinidad, by Guppy. MARGINELLA SOLITARIA, Guppy, new species. 5 (Plate XXIX, fig. 14.) Oblong; whorls about 4; spire conic; apex obtuse; aperture somewhat narrow, expanded anteriorly into a round, spout-like canal; lip thick- ened and strongly (4) dentate; columella twisted, with two strong folds and two teeth on the body whorl. Alt. 3, lat. 1.5mm. [G.] Ditrupa bed, Pointapier, Trinidad, Guppy (2268). No. 107139, US.N.M: MARGINELLA (PERSICULA) ARCUATA, Guppy, new species. (Plate XXIX, fig. 13.) Oval, solid, somewhat flattened; inner lip strongly dentate, outer lip sharp, dentate within; aperture curved, as long as the shell; spire very short. Alt. 4.5, lat. 3.5mm. [G.] Ditrupa bed, Pointapier, Trinidad, Guppy (2253). No. 107141, U.S.N.M. The only specimen is obviously immature, but is related to M. gravida, Dall, and its predecessors in the Floridian Chipola beds, MARGINELLA LATISSIMA, Dall, new species. (Plate XXIX, fig. 11.) Shell small, very solid and broad, externally smooth and polished, a wash of callus obscuring a very low spire of about 3 whorls; base callous; outer lip broad, thick, with a groove behind it and a low callus No. 1110. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 309 on the shoulder behind the groove; aperture narrow, the outer lip smoother in front and behind, minutely denticulate near the middle; inner lip thickened; body with two transverse plaits, the posterior smaller; pillar short, with two oblique plaits, the anterior smaller. Lon. of shell 11, lat. 8.5 mm. Pliocene clays of Moen, Costa Rica, Gabb; also from Santo Domingo, Bland. This is perhaps the shortest and widest American species. MARGINELLA LIMONENSIS, Dall, new species. (Plate XXIX, fig. 12.) Shell large, thin, slender, anteriorly attenuated, of about 4 whorls; surface smooth, polished, the spire low, pointed, much obscured by enamel; aperture not quite as long as the shell, narrow, slightly wider in front and behind; outer lip thickened, incurved, smooth, on the out- side, with a shallow sulcus marking off the lip from the whorl behind it; pillar lip hardly callous except near the spire; in front with four subequal oblique plaits, of which the anterior one is coincident with the border of the canal. Lon. 30, lat. 14 mm. Pliocene clays of Limon, Costa Rica, Hill. No. 107076, U.S.N.M. This species recalls M. antiqua, Redfield, from the newer Miocene of Duplin County, North Carolina, but is smaller, more slender, with pro- portionately more prominent spire. MARGINELLA AMINA, Dall, new species. (Plate XXIX, fig. 15.) Shell elongated, heavy, somewhat attenuated in front, with about 4 whorls; surface smooth, polished, spire rather more pointed and distinet than in M. limonensis, and with less enamel on it; aperture narrow, nearly straight, nearly as long as the shell; not widened behind; outer lip thick and heavy, profusely crenulated from end to end, on the out- side with a very deep profoundly excavated sulcus, except above the shoulder, where there is a thick, cailous deposit; pillar lip with a wash of callus, anteriorly with 4 plaits, the posterior pair transverse, the anterior oblique, enlarging forward; canal wide, excavated. Lon. 25, lat. 15 mm. Potrero, Rio Amina, Santo Domingo, in Oligocene beds, Bland. This species is shorter, broader, and heavier than M. limonensis, from which it is further distinguished by its strongly crenulated lip and the extremely deep sulcus behind the lip. MARGINELLA CONIFORMIS, Sowerby. Marginella coniformis, SOwERBY, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, VI, p. 45, 1849. Oligocene of Haiti and Santo Domingo, Sowerby and Bland, and of Jamaica, Barrett. No. 113769, U.S.N.M. The most abundant Santo Domingo Marginella is the M. coniformis, not figured by Sowerby, but 310 ANTILLEAN FOSSILS—GUPPY AND DALL. VOL. XIX. subsequently by Guppy.’ In looking over the-Guppy collection, now in the National Museum, I find a species from Cumana, labeled J. coniformis, but which can not be distinguished from JM. cincta, Kiener (No. 115599, U.S.N.M.); and another similarly named from Montserrat, Trinidad, which is a Persicula, closely related to P. obesa, Redfield. MARGINELLA DOMINGOENSIS, Dall, new species. Oligocene of Santo Domingo, from an island in Lake Henriquillo, and also from the Potrero, Rio Amina, Bland. Nos. 118685, 113768, U.S.N.M. This species is very close to M. aurora, Dall,’ from the Chipola marl, but has the tip of the spire less conspicuous and the aperture quite flexuous instead of nearly straight. PHOS METULOIDES, Dall, new species. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 15.) lod Shell small, solid, with 7 moderately rounded whorls, elegantly, evenly, reticulately sculptured by numerous subequai, flat, strap-like spirals and subflexuous transverse riblets with about equal interspaces and stightly nodulous at the intersections; aperture small, semilunate, the outer lip thickened and sharply lirate within, sharp edged, and anteriorly receding; body and pillar with little callus, and no marked constriction above the fasciole, which latter is marked by 5 spiral, flat riblets crossed by flexuous incremental lines and bounded on either side by the ordinary sculpture without any marked keel. Lon. 20, lat. 9 mm. Ponton, Santo Domingo, Bland, in the Oligocene; also at Monkey Hill, on the Isthmus of Panama, in the Oligocene marl. The sculpture of this species strongly recalls that of Metula cancellata, Gabb, from the same horizon. Fragments indicate that it reaches a much larger size than that above given. PHOS GABBII, Dall, new species. (Plate XXIX, fig. 4.) Phos veraguaensis, GABB, Geol. Santo Domingo, p. 212, 1873, not of Hinps. Phos moorei and elegans, GABB, loc. cit., not of GUPPY. The present species is most like P. fasciolatus, from which it can be instantly distinguished by its unarmed fasciole, over which the sculp- ture of the adjacent whorl passes without any marked interruption, much as it does in P. metuloides. There are 20 ribs on the last whorl against 14 in P. fasciolatus. There are numerous small callous ridges on the pillar, which is anteriorly keeled. The shell is 24 mm. long and 11.5 mm. wide. 1 Geol. Journ., XXII, p. 288, pl. xvil, fig. 2, 1866. 2Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., III, p.51, pl. v1, fig. 4a. ph tee 2 Fe ell NR Nt a I Si a a te er nee es a awl 2 T 34s » Se a ae ee NE whee ee ™ ee ee oe No. 1110. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 311 Santo Domingo,Gabb; Potrero, Rio Amina, Bland; Jamaica, Barrett; in the Oligocene. In his paper above cited Gabb confused three dif- ferent species of Phos under a name which belongs to none of them. P. elegans and P. moorei of Guppy are excellent species, and neither is identical with the recent Pacific Coast species of Hinds. PHOS (STRONGYLOCERA) FASCIOLATUS, Dall, new species. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 12.) Shell solid, acute, with 14 smooth, nuclear, and 7 strongly sculptured, well rounded whorls; spiral sculpture of numerous flat spiral bands separated by narrow grooves, alternated on the earlier whorls, stronger on the base and more or less swollen on the spire when they pass over the ribs; transverse sculpture of (on the last whorl 14) numerous ele- vated, even, rounded, subequal ribs extending clear over the whorls and separated by wider interspaces; suture distinct; aperture subovate with a strong callus on the body and pillar, where there are a few faint tubercles, while the anterior edge of the pillar is marked by a sharp spiral keel; outer lip thickened, lirate; canal short, recurved; siphonal fasciole strong, keeled on each side, with a succession of prominent, sigmoid, elevated lamellie between the keels. Lon. 24, lat..11.5 mm. Oligocene at the Potrero, Rio Amina, Santo Domingo, Bland. No. 113778, U.S.N.M. This species is nearest to P. semicostatus, Guppy, and P. guppyi, Gabb, both of which are easily discriminated by the differences in sculpture. PHOS (STRONGYLOCERA) CHIPOLANUS, Dall, new species. Shell acute, with 2 smooth, nuclear and 7 strongly sculptured whorls, somewhat appressed at the suture; spiral sculpture much as in P. semi- costatus of small, stout, rounded, partly alternated ridges swollen where they pass over the ribs, sparser and stronger on the base; transverse sculpture of (on the last whorl7) strong, rounded ribs, evenly distributed and most prominent at the periphery; aperture wide, the outer lip lirate, the pillar keeled and reflected on the anterior edge; a sharp con- striction and keel behind the siphonal fasciole, which is flexuously and imbricately sculptured transversely with a few small, spiral grooves; a moderate callus on the body and pillar. Lon. 25, lat. 18 mm. Oligocene of the Chipola beds, Calhoun County, Florida, Dall. No. 114191, U.S.N.M. This species is most nearly related to Phos solidulus (Guppy as Nassa), P. semicostatus, Gabb, and P. guppyt, Gabb, all of which are well distinguished by sculpture and details of form. Among recent species Phos unicinctus, Say (as Nassa), isallied. I have already shown! that the last mentioned is distinguished both from Phos and Nassa by its operculum, which is lozenge-shaped, pointed in front and behind with a subcentral nucleus and concentric elements. The shell 1 Blake Gastr., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XVIII, p. 178, 1889. aie ANTILLEAN FOSSILS—GUPPY AND DALL. VOL. XIX. is more like Phos than Nassa, and was named Phos guadelupensis by Petit in 1552. It is distinguished from the typical species of Phos by the excavation of the upper part of the whorls, and is one of the two species cited by Mérch under his undefined genus Strongylocera. The other species, P. cancellatus, Quay and Gaimard (not A. Adams), is a synonym of P. textus according to Tryon, and is a true Phos, The name Strongylocera may therefore, perhaps, be revived with advantage for species of the wnicincta type, with a concentric operculum, and, among the fossils, P. solidulus, Guppy, P. chipolanus, Dall, P. fasciolatus, Dall, P. costatus, Gabb, and P. erectus, Guppy, should be referred to it. Genus STROMBINELLA, Dall. Shell slender, elongated, with a presutural cingulum.and a strong node behind the outer lip, near the suture, in the adult; otherwise seulptured like Anachis. This form appears at first sight like a small strongly sculptured Terebra, of the section Acus, but the aperture is that of Anachis, to which it doubtless bears much such a relation as AHsopus does to Astyris. Type.—Strombinella acuformis, Dall. STROMBINELLA ACUFORMIS, Dall, new species. (Plate XXIX, fig. 6.) Shell small, elongate, acute, slender, with 2 smooth nuclear and 9 or 10 sculptured whorls; spirally sculptured only on the base of the last whorl by narrow, deep grooves separated by wider, rounded threads, which become finer on the canal; transverse sculpture of (on the last whorl 12) strong, flexuous ribs extending from suture to suture, and united in front of the suture by a low, flattish, revolving ridge, which develops strong nodules at the intersections with the ribs; the last third of the last whorl is destitute of ribs, but the cingulum continues and terminates in a prominent node behind the outer lip; aperture small, semilunar, with a thin callus on the pillar, through which the spiral sculpture shows; the outer lip sharp, flexuous, somewhat expanded, with 1 to 3 coarse lire internally; canal short, very deeply eut; pillar thin, gyrate, leaving a pervious axis. Lon. 13.5, lat.3.5 mm. Oligocene of the Potrero, Rio Amina, Santo Domingo. No. 115784, U.S.N.M. Two specimens of this elegant and interesting little shell were obtained from a correspondent and given to the Museum by the late Thomas Bland. STROMBINA MIRA, Dall, new species. (Plate X XIX, fig. 7.) Shell small, solid, acute, with 7 whorls; the spire smooth except for a small ridge in front of the narrowly channeled suture; the last whorl finely spirally grooved below the periphery and on the pillar; aperture No. 1110. ROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 313 long, narrow, the pillar and body with a moderate callus; pillar and canal short, hardly recurved; outer lip tumid, coarsely lirate within. Lon. 9, lat. 4.5 mm. Oligocene of the Isthmus of Darien, near Gatun, Rowell, Hill, and others. No. 113713, U.S.N.M. This little shell has the aspect of an Astyris, but the aperture of a Strombina. It may be mentioned here that the Planawxis crassilabrum of Guppy, from the Tertiary of Trinidad, is founded, according to the types, on defective specimens of a Strom- bina, which is probably 8. haitensis, Gabb. TYPHIS, doubtful species. Ditrupa bed, Pointapier, Trinidad, Guppy (2136). No. 107136, U.S.N.M. This species, represented by an extremely small immature specimen, was referred by Mr. Guppy to 7. alatus, Sowerby, but a careful examination of it shows that it is more nearly related to 7. lingui- Jferus, Dall, of the Chipola, Florida, Oligocene and to 7. recurvirostratus. Until a more mature specimen is obtained it would be inadvisable to apply a specific name to this species. TYPHIS OBESUS, Gabb. Typhis obesus, GABB, Geol. Santo Domingo, 1873, p. 203. Oligocene of Santo Domingo, Gabb; of Jamaica, Vendryes and Hill; of the Chipola marl, Calhoun County, Florida, Dall and Burns. Nos. 115494, 112182, and 107455, U.S.N.M. This species was collected in Jamaica by Vendryes and named 7. alatus in the Guppy collection, but it appears to be a sufficiently distinct species from Sowerby’s shell and much more common. It is also found, rarely, in the Chipola marl. A third species of Typhis from Jamaica is represented in the collee- tion of the National Museum by a single, not very well preserved, specimen. It is closely related to, if not identical with, 7. floridanus, Dall, of the Chipola marl. In this connection the following notes on species cited in Mr. Guppy’s catalogue of West Indian Tertiary fossils may not be out of place: Trophon dominicensis, Gabb, is a well-marked species of Murex, from which Murex collatus, Guppy, is perfectly distinct. Purpura miocenica, Guppy, is a Coralliophila, probably identical with a species now exist- ing and commonly known as C. galea, Chemnitz. Fasciolaria tarbelliana, Grateloup, is a species of Latirus. ACLIS ACUMINATA, Guppy, new species. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 9.) Elongate-turrited, smooth, shining; whorls about 9, slightly convex; suture well marked, overhung by the whorl above; aperture subquad- rate; columella lip reflected. Alt. 3, lat.0.5 mm. [G.| 314 ANTILLEAN FOSSILS—GUPPY AND DALL. VOL. XIX. Oligocene of Jamaica, Vendryes (Guppy, 2279). No.107081, U.S.N.M. This curious little shell appears to be an Aclis, but might possibly be the young of a smooth Turbonilla. Subgenus AMBLYSPIRA, Dall. ACLIS ? (AMBLYSPIRA) TERES, Guppy, new species. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 6.) Elongate-turriculate, somewhat arcuate, ivory-shining, covered with enamel-like deposit; whorls about 7, flattened, except the earlier ones, which are sometimes more or less rounded; suture scarcely distinet except between the earlier whorls; aperture elongate. Alt. 2, lat. 0.5mm. [G.] Ditrupa bed, Pointapier,Trinidad,Guppy (2252). No. 107073, U.S.N.M, This and the following species belong to a group of minute shells be- tween Aclis and Hulima conchologically, characterized by their blunt apex and short base with subcylindrie form, which may, however, be varied by the overhang of the whorls. They are rather characteris- tic of deep water, and a number of undescribed recent species have been obtained from 400 or 500 fathoms off the coast of Florida. The apex resembles that of Hulima externally, but the shell has more the aspect of some of the Aclides. A. teres may be taken as the type, for which I propose the subgeneric name Amblyspira. ACLIS? (AMBLYSPIRA) PROMINENS, Guppy, new species. (Plate XX VII, fig. 11.) Subrimate, conic-turrited ; whorls about 9, strongly carinate ; the keel overhanging the suture, thereby causing the latter to be deeply sunk, especially on the later whorls; aperture somewhat angulate and forming an obsolete canal above. Alt. 4, lat. 1.9 mm. [G.| Oligocene of Jamaica, Vendryes (Guppy, 2271). No. 107072, U.S.N.M. ACLIS? (AMBLYSPIRA), doubtful species. Subrimate, turrited-cylindric; whorls 4-5, smooth,: slightly convex, carinate at the line of suture; aperture simple, suboval; columellar mar- gin slightly reflected. Alt. 2, lat.0.5 mm. [G.] Ditrupa bed, Pointapier,Trinidad,Guppy(2272). No.107112, U.S.N.M. These specimens are evidently immature, and do not afford material for a complete specific diagnosis. EULIMA EGREGIA, Guppy, new species. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 11.) Turrited, smooth; whorls about 14, slightly convex; suture well marked, simple, linear; aperture suboval; columella callus reflected over the body whorl. Alt. 29, lat. 10 mm. [G.]| No. 1110. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 315 Mera pede of Monserrat, Trinidad, Guppy (228: 2). No. 107082, U.S.N.M. ee Po + re i , sé Ae ‘ rs - we * & ar a **s i r nd 4 a é F if Weed 7 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. XXVII ANTILLEAN TERTIARY FOSSILS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE FAGE 330 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL XX, RLS XXVIIb ANTILLEAN TERTIARY FOSSILS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 330. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. XXIX ANTILLEAN TERTIARY FOSSILS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 330. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. ANTILLEAN TERTIARY FOSSILS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 331. XIX PL. XXX ? REPORT ON THE MOLLUSKS COLLECTED BY THE INTER- NATIONAL BOUNDARY COMMISSION OF THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, 1892-1894. By WILLIAM HEALEY DALL, Honorary Curator of the Department of Mollusks. Introductory remarks.—In the report of the first Mexican Boundary Survey, with Captain (afterwards General) W. H. Emory, U. 8S. Army, in command, no account appears of mollusks collected. Much space is given tothe vertebrates, botany, and geology, and admirable illustrations adorn the several reports, but it is probable that no great number of mollusks was collected and the specimens obtained were overlooked or scattered. It has long been known that the region north of Mexico, between the Rio Grande and the Colorado, is faunally distinct from the region of the Atlantic drainage, as well as from the fauna of the Pacific Coast. It has been named as a faunal region by several students of geograph- ical distribution, and among students of mollusks has been usually termed the Central or Sonoran faunal region. So far as these animals are concerned, 1t seems rather a prolongation northward of the fauna of the mountains of northern Mexico than a southern extension of that of the Great Basin west of the Rocky Mountains. It presents features due to contributions from the Californian and Mexican re- gions, the latter predominating, with a few stragglers from the North. Seldom visited, arid, and inhospitable to molluscan life, the data relat- ing toits fauna are widely scattered and mingled with those which con- cern those of other parts of the western country. It may, therefore, be useful to recall the names of those to whom, in the past, we have been indebted for collections made in the region, and to give a brief notice of the principal sources of information in the literature. Some of the first shells described from this region formed part of a collection made by Berlandier, and were sold by him to Lieutenant (afterwards General) D. N. Couch, U.S. Army, of the original boundary survey, who generously presented them to the Smithsonian Institution. These were named by Dr. Isaac Lea in 1857, but appear to belong to the relatively low-lying region east of the Sierra Madre in the States of PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XIX—No. 1111. a 330 334 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. After the survey of the boundary came the surveys for a route for a Pacific railway, in which a number of the same officers were employed. By them and by other members of the parties engaged, a few mollusks were collected, including several fossil forms from the Colorado desert. Dr. John L. Le Conte and Prof. William P. Blaké were among the contributors, and the mollusks were reported on by T. A. Conrad and Dr. A. A. Gould. At a later date naturalists settled in California, and either directly or through the aid of collectors, obtained a few species from the bor- ders of this region, which were described by Newcomb, Cooper, Yates, and others. After the establishment of the State geological survey contributions collected in Sonora were received from August Rémond, and from Lower California, collected by W. M. Gabb. Dr. Horn, of the Army, sent some interesting species from Fort Grant, Arizona, to Gabb, which were described by the latter. Under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution collections were made in the vicinity of the boundary, by Dr. Edward Palmer. Later still, parties connected with the Department of Agriculture and the United States Geological Sur- vey worked in the same region and a few species were added to the list of those known through explorations by Dr. A. K. Fisher, Vernon Bailey, Mr. Lloyd, Dr. C. Hart Merriam, E. W. Nelson, and others, most of which were reported on by Dr. R. E. C. Stearns. Collections made by the French in Mexico form the basis of a sump- tuous report by Messrs. Crosse and Fischer, wio treat of the whole land and fresh-water fauna of the Republic in a manner which renders their work indispensable to all students of the subject. A valuable and little known report on Mexican land shells was issued in Hamburg by Herr Hermann Strebel, assisted by Dr. G. Pfeffer, and should be consulted by anyone who is investigating this fauna, In the important series of monographs by Messrs. Godman and Salvin on the biology of Central America, the mollusks are described by Dr. E. von Martens, and those parts which have appeared are of that masterly character which the reputation of that author has long led us to expect. Latest of all, and practically simultaneously with the work of the Boundary Commission on which the present paper is based, may be mentioned explorations set on foot by the California Academy of Sei- ences in northwestern Mexico and the peninsula of Lower California, during which interesting collections were made by Messrs. Eisen, Bryant, Vaslit, and others, which have been reported on by Dr. J. G. Cooper and partly discussed by the writer. The material collected belongs to three different faunal regions of very different degrees of interest, and each will be discussed separately. These are: (1) the Central or Sonoran region, extending from the Rio Grande of Texas to the Colorado River of Arizona, and on both sides No. 1111. - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 335 of the boundary line which divides the two; (2) the Texan region, to the east of the Rio Grande and south to the Gulf of Mexico; the fauna of this region is hardly to be discriminated from that of the State of Tamaulipas, west of the river, but in which no collections were made by the Commission; (5) lastly, west of the Colorado River in Southern California, the Californian coast fauna is encountered, and collections were made, not only on the mainland, but also on San Clemente Island, some 60 miles off the coast. THE SPECIES OF THE CENTRAL OR SONORAN REGION. The following species were received from Dr. Edgar A. Mearns, U.S. Army, from localities on either side of the international boundary line between the Rio Grande River, near El Paso, Texas, and the Colorado River of the West, near Yuma, Arizona. The plains are almost uniformly arid and frequently alkaline, form- ing what was formerly called desert, and quite unfit for the subsistence of land snails. It will be understood that nearly all of the Pulmonates were collected from the upper levels of the various mountain ranges near the boundary, which rise from the plains into a region of moister air, which, though still dry, supports a certain amount of vegetation. Most of the snails are found dead on the surface of the soil; only when infrequent rains occur do the live animals venture from the nooks and crannies where they usually estivate out of reach of the collector. Consequently good opportunities for collecting are rare and fresh specimens in a small minority. Even when fresh, many of them have the well-known texture characteristic of dwellers in arid regions, such as Arabia and the Sahara. LAND SHELLS. Family ENDODONTID 4. Genus PYRAMIDULA, Fitzinger. Subgenus PATULA, Held. PATULA STRIGOSA, Gould. Typical specimens of this species were obtained at San Jose Moun- tain, Sonora, Mexico; from Hachita Grande Mountain, Grant County, New Mexico, and from the summits of the Huachuca Mountains, Ari- zona, by Dr. Mearns and Mr. Holzner. “ee Age eee ee No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 337 Genus EPIPHRAGMOPHORA,! Doring. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARIZONENSIS, Dall, (Plate XXXI, figs. 11, 12.) Epiphragmophora arizonensis, DALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p.1, 1895. Shell small for the genus, moderately elevated, light colored, with a narrow brown band just above the periphery, mostly concealed by the suture, but on the outer side visible within the aperture; whorls 44, of which 13 are nepionic and punctate, the remainder with rather well- marked incremental lines and microscopic vermicular markings, of which the longer axes are subparallel to the lines of growth; suture distinct; whorls full and rounded, but with the periphery slightly above the middle; the last whorl descending a little, near the aperture; base rounded; umbilicus narrow but deep; aperture expanded, the pillar lip reflected, but the outer lip not so; body with a slight wash of callus between the lips; height of shell 11, major diameter 17, minor diameter 13.5 mm. A single specimen from the banks of the Santa Cruz River, Tucson, Arizona, Dr. Mearns (No. 130002, U.S.N.M.). The type specimen is somewhat bleached, but otherwise in good con- dition, and is almost the smallest of the group with which it is associated and of which E£. traskii, Newcomb, is an exemplar. It agrees with none of the species in detail,in general resembling most some small shells which in the National Museum are labelled as a dwarf race of i. traskii, Arionta var. indioensis, Yates, is very similar, but larger, with a more oval aperture and wider umbilicus, and the brown line is not covered by the suture. The species of this group are greatly in need of careful revision. Among those belonging to the peninsular or Sonoran faunze several species have been confused or contested. Thus EE. carpenteri, Newcomb, a depressed spirally striated shell has been generally united in synonymy with Leptarionta remondi, Tryon. The latter was described from specimens obtained by M. Rémond at Mazat- lan, but which probably came from the peninsula of Lower California across the Gulf of California from Mazatlan. At least the Mexican habitat has not been confirmed by subsequent collectors. Gabb obtained it in the mountains of the peninsula near Trinidad and Muleje. One of Mr. Tryon’s types is now before me agreeing perfectly with his description and showing the microscopic pustules which in perfect specimens probably support hairs. It has no spiral strie, and is a smaller and more elevated shell than EH. carpenteri. It has been renamed LL. verrillit by Ancey,’ probably because he had received specimens of i. carpenteri under the erroneous name of remondi. Since Polygyra ! Arionta of American authors, not of LEACH. *Conch. Exchange, II, p. 63, Nov., 1887. Proc. N. M. vol. xix 22, 338 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. carpenteriana, Bland, belongs to a different group, Newcomb’s name may properly stand, even if we admit the principle propounded by Crosse and Fischer to the effect that two species of one genus can not be named for the same person, a claim which rests upon no established rule, and is in fact in conflict with usage. Two forms have been distributed or are found in collections under the name of H. carpenteri, Newcomb. Unfortunately the original type of Dr. Newcomb, which was a bleached shell obtained from Frick (whose localities are known to be often suspicious) with the erroneous locality, “Tulare Valley,” is no longer to be found in his collection, the doctor having perhaps replaced it by what he considered better specimens of the same species. The exact measurements of his original do not agree with those of any specimen received from Dr. Newcomb or otherwise under the name carpenteri. It is probable that the printed height of the shell (16.5 mm.) is a misprint or a mismeasurement for 14.5 mm. Apart from this we learn from the diagnosis that the type was dis- tinetly spirally striated and had 55 whorls. Now, one of the forms circulated under the name carpentert has very distinct striation and the right number of whorls and diameter, and comes from the vicinity of San Diego, California, and especially from the Coronado Islands which are near San Diego off the coast. It is this which Mr. W. G. Binney received from Dr. Newcomb as H. carpenterit and has regarded as entitled to the name. In this view I agree, but suspect the shell to bea local race of H. traskii, Newcomb, which is somewhat more elevated and with fainter spiral strie. The other shell, which has been known as carpenteri, comes from Trinidad, Lower California, and near Mazat- lan, State of Sinaloa, on the Mexican mainland, where it was collected by Gabb. It has only 4 to 5§ whorls and is paler, with a thinner epi- dermis and few traces of striation. it is probably a distinct species. Another species which has been contested is H. lohrii, Gabb, which is a depressed shell with a curious ovately rounded, widely expanded peristome, behind which the whorl is smaller though not abruptly con- stricted. One of Gabb’s types has a maximum diameter of 22, a mini- mum diameter of 16.5, and a height of 10 mm. The surface of the spire is almost flat, the periphery is formed by an almost angular shoulder high up on the whorl, and the umbilicus is. sealar, revealing the whorls to the apex. Through the courtesy of Prof. G. D. Harris, of Cornell University, and the authorities of the University, I have had an opportunity of comparing with typical specimens of H. lohrii, received from Gabb, the original types of H. rowelli, Newcomb, preserved in the Newcomb collection, now the property of the university. Gabb’s species have very generally been referred to H. rowelli as a synonym, and they are very closely related. One of Dr. Neweomb’s specimens, and perhaps two of them, belong to another species, H. magdalenensis, Stearns, but the more perfect ones upon which his description was founded are closely No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 339 related to H. lohrii, from which they differ by having a more elevated spire and the last whorl evenly rounded, instead of shouldered and subangular, and the shell is smaller, measuring 19 in major and 14.5 in minor diameter, and 9 mm. in height. The number of whorls, the averture, nucleus, and umbilicus do not differ to any important extent in the two forms. It is probable, as originally stated by Newcomb, that his types came from Arizona, since the associated H. magdalenensis is not known from Lower California, and that, as in so many other cases, the specific form represented by H. lohrii has a large and a small race, fairly constant in their several localities, but connected by occasional intermediate specimens. As the oldest name is that of Newcomb, this should be kept for the species, while Gabb’s name may be preserved for the larger and depressed peninsular race in a subspecific sense. Both are distinguished from H. magdalenensis and its allies by the wider umbilicus and by the wide reflexed lip, the peristome in the last- mentioned group being somewhat expanded and slightly thickened, but not forming a reflected lip, properly speaking. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA MAGDALENENSIS, Stearns. Helix (Arionta) magdalenensis, STEARNS, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIII, p. 207, pl. xv, figs. 7, 11, 13 (not 12), 1890. Found by V. Bailey on top of a mountain 1,000 feet above Magda- lena, Sonora, Mexico, among rocks; also by Dr. Fisher and Mr. EK. W. Nelson, in Johnson Canyon, near the Panamint Valley, California, at an altitude of 6,000 feet; and by Vernon Bailey near Resting Springs, California, among rocks on a dry hill 900 feet above the springs, during the Death Valley expedition. A form (No. 130003, U.S.N.M.) which may be a dwarf of the next species or a variety of the present one was collected on San Jose Mountain, Sonora, Mexico, pear the boundary line, by Dr. Mearns. This species as originally described is small and depressed, having when fresh a translucent, polished dark-brown color, with a pale chest- nut-brown line above the shoulder. The fact that dwarf specimens occur rather frequently with nearly all the species of this group ren- ders it difficult to distinguish the normally small species from the small individuals of similar larger species. All the species being more or less variable in form and surface texture, the group is one which presents unusual difficulties to the student. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA HACHITANA, Dall. (Plate XXXI, figs. 7, 10.) Epiphragmophora hachitana, Dau, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 2, 1895. Shell large, depressed, polished, sculptured with irregularly promi- nent incremental lines, but without spiral striation or surface granula- tion; with 44 rounded whorls; suture distinct; last whorl near the 340 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. peristome depressed; aperture oblique, with a thickened and somewhat dilated but not reflected lip; pillar lip broad near the body, united to the outer lip over the bedy by a thin callus; umbilicus moderate, deep, exhibiting nearly 2 whorls; color of the fresh shell pale reddish purple or livid waxen, paler near the umbilicus, with a single purplish-brown band above the periphery, bordering the suture below it, with an ill- defined pale band on each side of it somewhat wider than the brown one; the latter is also visible inside the aperture; bleached specimens are waxen white with the brown band more or less faded; major diam- eter of largest shell 26.5, minor diameter 21, height 12mm. An aver- age specimen measures 23.5, 19, 12, and the smallest adult 21, 16.5, 10.5 for the same dimensions. Fort Huachuea, Arizona, A. K, Fisher; Tucson, Arizona, Cox, in Lea collection; below San Quentin, Lower California, G. P. Merrill; Doubtful Canyon, Peloncello Mountains, southwest New Mexico, F. H. Fowler in United States National Museum; and by Dr. Mearns at the follow- ing localities: Top of Hachita Grande Mountain, altitude 8,270 feet, Grant County, New Mexico; near Carrizollilo Springs, New Mexico, on the top of two peaks near the boundary line; on Black Mountain, 12 miles south of boundary monument No. 77, in Northern Mexico; and in the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, altitude 8,000 to 9,000 feet, by Dr. Mearns and F. X. Holzner. . Type.—No. 130004, U.S.N.M. In specimens from Tanners Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, the shell was somewhat more depressed and the colors darker than from other localities. This seems to be the most abundant of the mountain species, and its dwarfs seem most easily distinguished from the 2. magdalenensis by their somewhat more inflated and higher form and their reddish tint when fresh. The fully developed specimens which comprise the great majority are very much larger than HE. magdalenensis, but bleached and dead dwarf specimens can hardly be distinguished from full grown magda- lenensis in a similar condition. The specimen figured is of the depressed variety from Tanners Canyon, Huachuca Mountains. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA COLORADOENSIS, Stearns. Helix (Arionta) coloradoénsis, STEARNS, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIII, p. 206, pl. xv, figs. 6, 8, 12 (not fig. 7), 1890. Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Arizona, opposite the Kaibab plateau, at an elevation of 3,500 feet; Dr. C. Hart Merriam. This species, though belonging to the same region, has so far been collected only at the type locality. It is closely related to H. magda- lenensis, but seems separable. In the original paper by Stearns the two figures representing the upper surface of the spire were transposed, so that the references to them are erroneous and should be reversed, as a careful comparison of them with the text of the description would No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, 341 show. The surface of the freshest specimens has a certain fuzziness, as if, when quite perfect, they would be microscopically hirsute. Genus POLYGYRA, Say. POLYGYRA LEVETTEI, Bland. Triodopsis levettei, BLAND, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., II, 1881, p. 115.—Binney, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XI, No. 8, p. 154, pl. 1, fig. E, Dec., 1883; Man. Am. Landsh., p. 385, fig. 419, 1885; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XIII, No. 2, p. 36, pl. 1, fig. 15, 1886.—TryON, Man. Conch., 2d ser., III, p. 143, pl. xx1x, figs. 88, 89, 1887.— PiLsBrY, Man. Conch., 2d ser., IX, p. 76, 1894.—ANcEY, Conch. Exch., II, p. 63, Nov., 1887. Triodopsis levettei var. thomsoniana, ANCEY, Conch. Exch., II, p. 64, Nov., 1887. Triodopsis levettei var. orobena, ANCEY, Conch. Exch., II, p. 64, Nov., 1887. Santa Fé Canyon, near Santa Fé, New Mexico, Dr. Levette, Thom- son; near Tucson, Arizona, Cox; Fort Huachuca, Arizona, Dr. Fisher; Huachuea Mountains, Arizona, near the summit of the higher peaks, Dr. Mearns. No. 130010, U.S.N.M. This species is more of a Polygyra s. s. than a typical Triodopsis. It has the aspect of the former group, and only wants a V-shaped angle to the parietal tooth to satisfy the strict diagnosis. The form | mentioned by Binney with a single basal tooth, rather bifid, as repre- | sented by his type in the national collection, is pathological and not a | real variety. The whorls vary from 6 to 7, rarely less than 64. The varieties mentioned by Ancey are stated to have only 54 whorls and one hardly bifid basal tooth; var. orobena, Ancey, differs from thom- soniana only by having the aperture somewhat larger and less oblique. J have seen no specimens corresponding to Ancey’s description; none of the specimens from any locality has so few as 54 whorls. The species belongs at high altitudes in the New Mexican region and seems to be extremely rare. The surface under magnification shows minute irregularities approximately in harmony with the lines of growth; the striation is feeble and the general appearance of fresh specimens is polished dark yellowish brown. The variety without teeth mentioned by Binney is a distinct species. POLYGYRA CHIRICAHUANA, Dall. (Plate XXXII, figs. 9, 10, 12.) Polygyra chiricahuana, DALL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, p. 2, 1895. Shell depressed, thin, polished, of a dark brownish color, 54 whorls, sculptured only with fine incremental lines; suture distinct, the inter- vening whorls moderately rounded; periphery rounded, the termination of the last whorl constricted behind the lip and moderately descending; umbilicus deep, narrow, showing a small part of the penultimate whorl near the aperture; aperture oblique with a narrow, strongly reflected lip of a livid whitish color, the pillar and outer lips connected in fully 342 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. mature specimens by a smooth callus over the body; the outer lip is tlexuous, receding near the periphery and more vertical at the base; the aperture is entirely destitute of teeth. Height 7.7, major diameter 18, minor diameter 14.5 mm. Near Tueson, Arizona, Cox; Fly Park, Chiricahua Mountains, Ari- zona, at an elevation of 10,000 feet, Dr. Fisher, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. No. 124481, U.S.N.M. Jemez Mountains, near Bland, New Mexico, and at Jemez Sulphur Springs, 8-10,000 feet above the sea, Ashmun. This form has been mistaken for a variety of P. levettei without teeth, but is clearly another species. An examination of over seventy- five specimens shows that none of them has a trace of lip teeth, and there are no specimens otherwise intermediate. As compared with P. levettei the shell is uniformly larger and yet with 1 whorl less, but pro- portionally more depressed. The actual measurements of the largest specimen of levettei I could find are: Height 7.7, major diameter 15.7, minor diameter 135 mm. The surface, color, etc., are very similar in both species. Numerous specimens show a resting stage at about the last half of the last whorl, where the shell has been thickened and shows a slight constriction, followed by an opaque space, which, however, seems never to have had a reflected lip. A variety shows a small feeble parietal denticle, like that of P. pseudodonta, but the lip is not denticulate. With this species Dr. Fisher collected Vitrea arborea, Say, Thysano- phora ingersollii, Bland, and Pyramidula striatella, Anthony. The locality is in Cochise County near the southeastern angle of Arizona, close to the Mexican boundary line. Mr. Binney has compared this species to P. mullani, Bland, and P. kiowaénsis, Simpson, but both these species are of the Mesodon type, and apparently not closely related either to P. levettei or P. chiricahuana. Neither Mullant nor Kiowaénsis are known from the region in which alone, so far, the other two have been collected. I have included this species here, as it belongs to the same faunal region, and is therefore naturally associated with the species collected by Dr. Mearns. POLYGYRA ASHMUNI, Dall. The Rey. E. H. Ashmun, of Albuquerque, New Mexico, has forwarded for examination some shells which appear to be fully adult and normal, and resemble extremely, in miniature, Polygyra chiricahuana. They differ from it in size, being only 14 mm. in greatest diameter and 7 mm. in height, and in the surface, which, when strongly magnified, is seen to be covered with sharp, delicate, spiral, incised lines, with wider inter- spaces. The number of whorls is but slightly less, if at all different from P. chiricahuana, and, if the element of actual size be ignored, the figure here given of the latter will equally well represent the present No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 343 shell. A careful scrutiny of a series of P. chiricahuana shows that occasional sparse, spiral, incised lines are found on some individuals, so that the present shell may only represent a dwarf race of it with more emphatic sculpture. However this may be, the difference is so great as to form at least a well-marked variety worthy of a name. The types (No. 107610, U.S.N.M.) were collected at Bland, New Mexico, at an elevation of 8,000 feet above the sea. Mr. Ashmun notes that in coming down the mountains toward Bland, the typical P. chiricahuana was abruptly replaced by P. ashmuni. POLYGYRA PSEUDODONTA, Dall. Shell closely resembling P. ashmuni in form and size, but with the whorls slightly flattened above and below and of a yellowish straw color instead of livid brown, the spiral striation less sharp and largely obsolete. The aperture with a narrow reflected lip, pink or whitish, which has on the internal edge of the basal part a slight eallosity which is divided by a narrow sulcus in the direction of the coil of the shell. Within the aperture and nearly midway between the outer and pillar lips is a small low simple short oblique parietal tooth, or ridge, with the outer end nearer the pillar. Greater diameter of the shell, 13.5 to 15 mm.; minor diameter, 11 to 13.5 mm.; altitude, 5.5 to 7 mm. in different specimens. White Oaks, New Mexico, at an altitude of 7,500 feet, Ashmun. Type, No. 107611, U.S.N.M. The aperture of this form is quite peculiar. With these shells were the following species, all said to be from New Mexico, but of which the exact locality was not stated: Conulus fulvus, Vitrea arborea, V. indentata, Vallonia cyclophorella, Vitrina limpida, Gould, Helicodiscus lineatus, Pupa armifera, and Cionella lubrica. POLYGYRA MEARNSII, Dall, (Plate XXXII, figs. 7, 8, 11.) Polygyra mearnsii, Datu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 2, 1895. Shell depressed, 5-whorled, of a pinkish-brown color, sculptured only with moderately conspicuous incremental lines; spire much depressed, but not quite flat, a nuclear whorl and a half smooth, the rest striated more or less distinctly; in perfectly fresh specimens the surface is probably polished; suture very distinct; periphery rounded, but nearer the upper surface of the whorl; base rounded, but having a compressed appearance; umbilicus deep and narrow, except that a small portion of the half whorl preceding the last whorl is visible; termination of the last whorl slightly descending above and, below the periphery, strongly constricted behind the reflected lip of a very oblique aperture; peri- stome somewhat flexuous, reflected, united over the body by a distinet callus; body with two converging lamellew, not united at the inner ends into a A, the basal lamella stouter and its outer extreme bent 344 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. toward the umbilicus; basal part of the peristome with two distinct, clear-cut lamelle transverse to the lip; outer lip broader than the rest, receding, with a similar lamella set on somewhat obliquely and more deeply within the aperture. Height of shell 5.5, maximum diameter 3, minimum diameter 11 mm. Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, and Hachita Grande Mountain, Grant County, New Mexico, Dr. Mearns, at an altitude of 8,000 to 9,400 feet. No. 130012, U.S.N.M. No living specimens were collected, but the number of dead ones indicates that the species is not uncommon where found. This species is instantly distinguishable from any of the other species of Polygyra which possess a A-shaped parietal lamella by the presence of three distinct, well-defined teeth on the outer lip. All the other forms have two, or two with an obscure undeveloped flattening in addition. These teeth closely resemble those of Polygyra levettei, and if that species had two parietal lamellze and was more depressed, it would differ from P. mearnsii chiefly by its greater size and number of whorls. P. mearnsii therefore forms a connecting link between those forms which have been called Dedalocheila and Triodopsis. Family PUPIDA. Genus HOLOSPIRA, Martens. This genus was separated from Cylindrelia by Albers! under the name of Acera, which had already been used in zoology and for which Von Martens in his new edition of Albers’s work? substituted Holospira and named H. pilocerei, Pfeiffer, as the type. ‘The following is a free trans- lation of the diagnosis of Albers: “Shell with an umbilical chink, turreted or spindle-shaped, with a conical not truncate apex; 11 to 14 whorls of which the last is little or not at all protracted; base carinate; columella plicate; aperture quad- rangular; peristome free, expanded.” Holostoma pilocerei appears to be a rare shell; at least I have not been able to examine a specimen, though many so named, but which proved different, have come under inspection. The figures of this spe- cies are somewhat discrepant as already noted by Crosse and Fischer,’ and may represent more than one species, since the internal structure was not examined by Pfeiffer and the external characters, beside being somewhat variable, are very similar in the different species. However, three of the original Pfeifferian specimens were examined by Strebel and Pfeffer who describe the internal characters. It has a plait on the pillar and, near the end of the penultimate whorl, three other ' Heliceen, p. 209, 1850. 2 Page 359, 1860. 5 Moll. Terr. et Fluviat. de Mexique, I, p. 330. ‘Beitr. zur Kennt. der Fauna Mex., p. 82, 1880. no. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 345 lamellie, one basal, one parietal, and one on the pater Wi ral of the w Hen less strongly developed. An examination of the anatomy by the authors cited shows that the group is related more closely to the Pupide than to Cylindrella with which it was originally associated. The first information as to the internal characters of Holospira was given by Bland,! who pointed out that H. goldfussii, Menke, beside the ridge visi- ble in the upper part of the throat of the aperture, possesses in the penul- timate whorl four lamelle; one very prominent descending from the roof ot the whorl for half a gyration; a less prominent one arising from the floor of the whorl opposite the first; a third, more feeble, projecting inwardly from the outer wall, and a fourth revolving on the pillar, but obsolete on the axis above the penultimate whorl. These lamell are figured by Strebel and Pfeffer.2. The axis in Holospira is tubular and under magnification is seen to be vertically streaked with opaque white and translucent markings. In the more slender species like H. gonio- stoma, Pfeiffer, the tube is quite slender; in those which have a shell more - stout and clublike, e. g., 7. elizabethe, Pilsbry, the axis is wide and spindle-shaped, but in all the base of the adult shell has the axis closed and the umbilicus represented by an impervious chink. The angulation of the terminal part of the last whorl varies in the different species, some of which havea keel above and others show one below, the aperture may be subcircular, subtriangular or subquadrate, and may or may not be provided with a columellar or parietal ridge running inward and usually not very prominent. From this ridge the mera lamellee are entirely distinct. An examination of the internal characters shows that the group is naturally divided into sections which may possess any or none of the lamellie referred to, and that these characters appear to be constant and invariable within the species. By sacrificing the integrity even of single specimens, when the collection contained but one of a species, I have been able to determine the characters of a large number of forms. I find the following to be destitute of any armature upon the pillar and of any internal lamell, and therefore to be referable to the subgenus Metastoma, Strebel and Pfeffer, of which H. roemeri, Pfeiffer, is the type: H. roemeri, Pfeiffer, H. pasonis, Dall, H. coahuilensis, W. G. Bin- ney, H. tenuwisculpta, Stearns, H. pfeifferi, Menke, and H. remondi, Gabb, the first-mentioned species having the tubular axis exceptionally large. To these I am now able to add two new species H. crossei, Dall, and H. pilsbryi, Dall, which last has existed in our collection for along time under the erroneous name of H. tryoni, Pfeiffer. Thelatter species has been examined by Strebel and Pfeffer and is shown by them from authentic specimens to have entirely different internal characters. They have proposed for it the sectional name of Bostrichocentrum, characterized by baying, a spiral ridge around the axis extending fom 1 Ann. Lye. Nae Bie N. Y., Panny p. . 160, 1865. 2Plate xiv, fig. 17B. 346 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. the last whorl upward throughout the spire, but no other lamelle internally. Their specimens agree with Pfeiffer’s types now in the Dohrn collection. It is obvious from the preceding observations that some shells which are distinctly separated by their internal features show very similar external characters, and I may add that the examination of large numbers of specimens of several species indicates that the internal characters are persistent and invariable within the species. I propose to use these characters for arranging the genus Holospira into subordi- nate groups as follows: Genus HO LOSPIRA, Von Martens. Type.—H. pilocerei, Pfeiffer. Subgenus HOLOSPIRA, s. s. Axis large, with a ridge or plait developed in the penultimate whorl, and with parietal, basal, and peripheral lamellze projecting into the lumen of the whorl. Type.—H. pilocerei, Pfeiffer. This includes H. goldfussii, Menke, sp., and H. goniostoma, Pfeiffer. Section BOSTRICHOCENTRUM, Strebel and Pfeffer, 1880. Axis moderate, with a cont:nuous plait on it extending from the last whorl nearly to the apex. Type.—H. tryoni, Pfeiffer. H. veracruziana, Dall, belongs in this section. Section HAPLOSTEMMA, Dall. Haplostemma, DALL, Nautilus, 1X, p.50, Sept., 1895; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 2, 1895. Axis moderate, with a short, stout, axial lamella extending about half a gyration in the penultimate whorl, but elsewhere simple and smooth. Type.—H, mearnsii, Dall. Section EUDISTEMMA, Dall. Hudistemma, DALL, Nautilus, IX, p. 50, Sept., 1895; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, p. 3, 1895. Penultimate whorl with a short axial and a parietal lamella only, the axis moderately large. Type.—H. arizonensis, Stearns. Section DISTOMOSPIRA, Dail. Distomospira, DALL, Nautilus, IX, p.50; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 3, 1895. Penultimate whorl] with a short strong axial and a basal lamella only; axis smooth, moderately large. Type.—H, bilamellata, Dall. No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 347 Subgenus METASTOMA, Strebel and Pfeffer. Axis smooth, without plaits or sinuosity ; penultimate whorl without internal lamine. ~ Type.—H1. roemeri, Pfeiffer. This comprises most of the species included. hitherto under the name of Holospira. Subgenus COELOSTEMMA, Dall. Coelostemma, DAL, Nautilus, IX, p.50; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 3, 1895. Axis vertically ribbed as in Coelocentrum, capacious, shell otherwise as in Metastoma. Type.—H. elizabeth, Pilsbry. The Holospiras are included in a subfamily Euealodiine of the Pupidie, by Crosse and Fischer, though formerly referred to the Cylin- _drellide. It might, perhaps, be premature to attempt to separate this group as a family from the Pupide. There are, however, some inter- esting parallels in the groups included under the names of Cerion, Holospira, Coelocentrum, and Eucalodium. These groups seem to vary in somewhat similar directions as regards internal characters. Thus Coelocentrum is characterized by curious vertical ribs on the axial wall, such as exist in Holospira (Ooelostemma) elizabeth, Pilsbry ; the shell is habitually decollate, with a pervious axis, and externally flexuously ribbed with transverse riblets. A few species have also spiral stria- tion. To this group Crosse and Fischer referred the Cylindrella irreg- ularis of Gabb from Lower California, which by its general character is doubtless most nearly related to Coelocentrum, but differs by waut- ing the most remarkable of the generic characters assigned to that genus. Instead of having the axial wall vertically ribbed as in Coelo- stemma, it has a revolving inflation extending the whole length of the axis as in Bostrichocentrum, and should therefore be separated as a sub- genus for which I have proposed the name Spartocentrum.' In this conclusion Mr. Pilsbry agrees, and I take this opportunity of express- ing my serious obligations to that gentleman for valuable advice and suggestions afforded during the course of a free correspondence relat- ing to the subject-matter of the present report. In the genus Hucalodium, Crosse and Fischer, we have an allied group habitually decollate like Cvelocentrum, but having a solid axis. They are large shells living on the surface of the ground in moist places, under dead leaves and similar accumulations. Here also we find two groups indicated by the internal characters of the axis. The typical species, HL. giesbrechtii, Pfeiffer, has the axis sinuous and provided witha plait extending its whole length, except in the immediate vicinity of the aperture. The radula is wide with a formula of 65:1:65 for the trans- verse row. The other group has a straight, smooth axis and a narrow 1 Nautilus, IX, p.51, Sept., 1895; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, p. 3, 1895. 348 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELUS—DALL. VOL. XIX. radiila, the latte rw vith a transverse series of 36:1:36. For this division of the genus Mr. Pilsbry proposed the aeons name Oligostylus, of which Eucalodium blandianum, Crosse and Fischer, serves as the type. The relation of these two groups to each other recalls that of Bostrichocen- trum to Metastoma among the Holospiras. In the genus Cerion I have already divided the group into sections characterized by the internal lamin, which appear to afford good characters and recall to some extent the features exhibited internally in Holospira. There is a curi- ous similarity in general form and top-heaviness between many of the species of Cerion and Holospira. In this connection I have added the descriptions of four Mexican species belonging to Coelocentrum, Anisospira and Streptostyla, which were obtained by Mr. E. W. Nelson while exploring for the United States Department of Agriculture in this region, as it seemed desirable to concentrate the published data on this fauna and would add to ie interest of this report. HOLOSPIRA (METASTOMA) CROSSEI, Dall. (Plate XXXI, fig. 2 Holospira (Metastoma) crossei, DALL, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 3, 1895. Shell small, compact, 12-whorled, of a brownish gray color; nuclear whorls 2, smooth, polished, apically blunt, succeeding 4 gradually and evenly increasing, after which the sheil is cylindrical; sculpture of pretty even, slightly oblique, rounded riblets, extending from suture to suture and separated by interspaces twice as wide as the ribs; suture distinct; base rounded, with a shallow umbilical chink; aperture sim- ple, slightly oblique, not projecting bevond the periphery of the pre- ceding whorl, the lip slightly expanded in front of a faint constriction, the opening subcircular without internal ridges, the outer anterior part obtusely angular; axis small, regularly increasing to the last whorl, not inflated. Length of shell 11, maximum diameter 4 mm. Top of Hachita Grande Mountain, Grant County, New Mexico, Dr. Mearns. No. 129989, U.S.N.M. This species resembles H. goldfussii, Menke, but is slightly smaller, with a shorter neck to the aperture and a less reflected and triangular peristome. It is entirely destitute of the remarkable internal lamelle which characterize H. goldfussii.. It is named in honor of M. H. Crosse, who has monographed the genus. HOLOSPIRA (METASTOMA) PASONIS, Dall. (Plate XXXI, figs. 4, 5.) Holospira pasonis, DALL, The Nautilus, VIII, p. 112, Feb., 1895. This fine species was obtained by Mr. Singley from a collection made at Mule Canyon, El Paso County, Texas, at an elevation of 4,000 feet. As it belongs to the same general region and may be advantageously No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 349 compared with the following species, I have included this reference and figure here. It belongs to the typical section of the genus without internal lamellie, and has a length of 22.5 and a maximum diameter of 6.5 mm. HOLOSPIRA (METASTOMA) PILSBRYI, Dall. Holospira (Metastoma) pilsbryi, DALL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 4, 1895. Shell small, bluish or pinkish white; the nucleus darker, 2-whorled, smooth, not much projected, followed by 6 obliquely striate, gradually increasing whorls which form a beehive-shaped dome to the spire, after which follow 6 nearly equal, almost smooth whorls, forming a nearly cylindrical spire; the last whorl slightly smaller, the base and neck near the aperture somewhat irregularly transversely wrinkled; suture distinct, here and there edged by wrinkles transverse to the whorl, but more or less obsolete, except near the suture; umbilical chink shallow; aperture a little oblique, subcircular, with a faint angulation near the upper outer corner; lip expanded, but hardly reflected; the peristome, viewed in its own plane, does not project beyond the lines representing the sides of the cylindrical part of the spire, but as the last whorl is smaller than those preceding it, the peristome projects slightly from it; throat of the aperture whitish, without ridges; axis straight, slender, axial wall smooth. Length of large specimen 13, diameter 4 mm., with 14 whorls; length of short specimen 10.25, diameter 3.75 mm., with 12 whorls. Arizona or New Mexico, Dr. E. Palmer, U.S.N.M.; also abundant around sulphur springs near the city of Puebla, State of Puebla, Mexico, from the Mexican Geographical Commission. No. 56932, U.S.N.M. A single specimen was found among loose shells brought home by Dr. Palmer after a trip through Arizona and New Mexico, but no par- ticular locality could be assigned to it. Another from an unknown collector appears in the national collection marked simply “ Mexico,” but a fine series from the city of Puebla was presented by the Mexican Geographical Commission, and about the locality of these there is no doubt whatever. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, has the species from the same locality. It was long marked H. piloceret in the collection, but belongs to a different section of the genus. Exter- nally it can hardly be distinguished from H. tryoni as figured by Crosse and Fischer. : HOLOSPIRA (DISTOMOSPIRA) BILAMELLATA, Dall. (Plate XXXI, fig. 3.) Holospira (Distomospira) bilamellata, DaLu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 4,1895. Shell elongate, slender, blunt-tipped, with two smooth nuclear and 15 subsequent whorls; the spire increases evenly to the eighth who 1 and then very slowly attenuates; sculpture of slightly oblique little 350 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. raised, nearly straight riblets with doubly wide interspaces marked by somewhat irregular lines of growth; the sculpture between the ninth and the last whorl is more or less obsolete, but on the last whorl is strong, crowded, and a little irregular; suture distinct; base a little appressed; umbilical chink small; aperture as in H. crossei, but pro- jecting beyond the periphery of the last whorl. Length of shell 20.5, maximum diameter 5 mm. With H. crossei, not uncommon. No. 129990, U.S.N.M. This species in form recalls H. semisculpta, Stearns, but is smaller, without the polished surface of the latter and of a ferruginous white instead of the bluish color of H. semisculpta. The aperture in some specimens projected more than in others which seemed fully adult. The internal armature consists of a short very wide flange near the base on the pillar and a low but strong basal ridge extending about one-third of a gyration slightly nearer the inner than the outer wall of the whorl. HOLOSPIRA (HAPLOSTEMMA) MEARNSII, Dall. (Plate XXXI, fig. 1.) Holospira (Haplostemma) mearnsii, DALL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, p. 4, 1895. Shell small, compact, with 14 whorls, of which 2 are nuclear, polished, and smooth; blunt above, gradually increasing to the ninth whorl and subsequently slightly 1ttenuated; sculpture and aperture much as in H. crossei, the base slightly appressed and the ribs closer and more promi- nent than on the previous whorls; umbilicus not conspicuous; aper- ture projecting somewhat beyond the preceding whorl, the peristome hardly reflected, subtriangular, little thickened, without folds; axis small, subeylindric, with a strong, short lamella near the base in the penultimate whorl. Length of shell 14.5, maximum diameter 4.5 mm. Found with /. crossei, but less common. No. 129991, U.S.N.M. This species resembles HH. crossei in general appearance, but is larger, with more projecting aperture, and frequently has an intercalary raised line dividing the interspaces of the ribs axially. The specimens are of a whitish color. The following species contained in the National Museum was named H., tryoni, Pfeiffer, on an old label, but on comparison with the litera- ture proved to be quite distinct from that species, which is asserted by Crosse and Fischer to be quite destitute of internal armature. HOLOSPIRA (BOSTRICHOCENTRUM) VERACRUZIANA, Dall. Holospira (Bostrichocentrum) veracruziana, DALL, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 4, 1895. Shell closely resembling the enlarged figure of H. microstoma, Pfeiffer,' but with a shorter apical cone and larger aperture. According 1 Crosse and Fischer, Miss. Sci. au Mexique, Moll., p.337, pl. xvi, figs. 9, 9a. | No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 351 to the descriptions of H. microstoma, the present species differs by having 17 whorls in a total length of 17.5 mm. against 18 whorls in a length of 15.5 mm. for H. microstoma, both having a maximum diameter of 5mm. The last whorl in the present species is rounded below, that of H. microstoma angulated; in H. veracruziana the aper- ture is expanded, with the outer posterior part hardly angular where the outer lip meets the parietal portion; the diameter of the aperture is 3.5 min. (against 2.6 in H. microstoma), and the parietal portion is very little extended beyond the periphery of the preceding whorl; the whorls of the nucleus (14) are smooth and polished, those of the apical cone finely ribbed, those of the rest of the spire striate, with a few coarse riblets just behind the peristome. Three specimens from Mizantla, province of Vera Cruz, were presented to the National Museum by the Mexican Geographical Commission. - This species has a strong, short fold at the base of the axis in the penultimate whorl, but no traces of any other lamin. It is possible that the type of H. microstoma of Pfeiffer may have the aperture abnor- mal and be identical with this species, but, in the uncertainty, I have preferred to name the latter. The following list comprises all the known species of Holospira to date: Holospira goniostoma, Pfeitter. Southwestern Mexico. Holospira pilocerei, Pfeiffer. State of Puebla, Mexico. Holospira goldfussi, Menke. Southwestern Texas, west of Colorado River. H. (Bostrichocentrum) tryoni, Pfeiffer. State of Puebla, Mexico. H, ( Bostrichocentrum) veracruziana, Dall. Vera Cruz, Mexico. HT. (Haplostemma) mearnsii, Dall. New Mexico. Al. (Eudistemma) arizonensis, Stearns. Arizona. A, (Distomospira) bilamellata, Dall. New Mexico. Metastoma roemeri, Pfeiffer. Texas, west of the Colorado River. Metastoma pasonis, Dall. El Paso County, Texas. Metastoma coahuilensis, W.G. Binney. Coahuila, Mexico. Metastoma semisculpta, Stearns. Chihuahua, Mexico. Metastoma pfeifferi, Menke. Sonora, Mexico. Metastoma rémondii, Gabb. Sonora, Mexico. Metastoma crossei, Dall. New Mexico. Metastoma pilsbryi, Dall. Puebla, State of Puebla, Mexico. M. (Celostemma) elizabetha, Pilsbry. State of Guerrero, Mexico. The interior of the following species is unknown: Holospira gealei, H. Adams. Puebla, Mexico. Holospira imbricata, Martens. Mexico. Holospira cretacea, Pfeiffer. Mexico. Holospira microstoma, Pfeiffer. Mexico. Holospira teres, Menke. Puebla, Mexico. Total, 22 species. The geographical distribution of the group is as follows: In the southern extreme of Mexico, Puebla affords 5, Vera Cruz 1, Guerrero 1, and other localities probably in this region 4, in all 11 South Mexican 352 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. species. In northern Mexico, Sonora offers 2, Chihuahua 1, and Coa- hiula 1, making 4 for this area; while on the United States side of the boundary, Texas west of the Colorado River affords 3, New Mexico 3, and Arizona 1 species or 7 in all, of which 3 described in this paper are due to the collections made on the Boundary Commission by Dr. Mearns. A large number of species probably remain to be made known. Genus COELOCENTRUM, Crosse and Fischer. COELOCENTRUM NELSONI, new species. (Plate XXXIII, figs. 5, 6.) Shell, large, strong, decollate, retaining 9 whorls subeylindrie, atten- uated more rapidly at the upper 2 or 3 whorls, periphery flattish, suture distinet, strong, not deep; transverse sculpture of numerous rather asperate concavely arched little raised ridges stronger near the sutures and usually with wider interspaces; spiral sculpture of some- what vermicular obscure character like the markings left by a ‘ sand- blast,” but occasionally developing sparse distant fine spiral riblets, and stronger on the later whorls; base rounded except for the obscure peripheral line, the umbilicus almost closed; aperture rounded below, slightly angular, oblique, free from the body whorl, with the margin continuous and reflected but narrow; axis normal, nearly closed at the decollation where it is small but large in the later whorls; color pale straw. Length 53, maximum diameter 18, diameter at decolla- tion 8 mm. Type from Tuxtla, Mexico; collected by E. W. Nelson, of the United States Agricultural Department. No. 107368, U.S.N.M. This shell recalls Hucalodium compactum, Pilsbry, but is more eylin- drical and stouter, besides having a totally different axis. It 1s the largest known species of the genus, and is dedicated to the indefatiga- ble naturalist, E. W. Nelson, who has added so largely to our knowledge of the American fauna from Alaska to Guatemala. COELOCENTRUM PFEFFERI, new species. (Plate XXXIII, figs. 1, 2.) Shell subeylindric, with 8§ whorls, attenuated above, rounded below, solid, decollate, the whorls gently rounded with a distinct suture, without spiral sculpture, transverse sculpture of delicate, hardly arched, little raised, crowded lines, subequal over the whole surface; base rounded, the basal area bounded by an obscure line, umbilicus reduced toa minute perforation, aperture rounded below, slightly angular above, usually free but occasional adnate to the body whorl; axis normal, small at the decollation; color pale livid pink, whitish near the aper- ture. Length 43, maximum diameter 15, diameter at the decollation 7mm. No. 107367, U.S.N.M. No. 1111. - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 353 Types from Ocozucuantla, Mexico; collected by E. W. Nelson. This species is shorter, stouter, and less cylindrical than C. turris, Pfeiffer, which has proportionally more numerous whorls and is smaller and more fusiform than C. nelsoni. It is respectfully dedicated to the distinguished naturalist of Hamburg, Dr. G. Pfeffer, well known for his work on Mexican land shells in conjunction with H. Strebel. Genus ANISOSPIRA, Strebel and Pfeffer. ANISOSPIRA STREBELI, new species. (Plate XXXITI, figs. 7, 8.) Shell thin, white, solid, opaque, decollated, the rejected spire having 14 whorls and the remainder of the shell from 74 to 9 whorls; apex of the young shell blunt, slightly dome-shaped, the nepionic shell smooth or faintly transversely striated, subsequent whorls to the fifth sub- cylindric, the fifth slightly constricted, the spire very slowly increases in diameter until the decollation is reached; the first four whorls after the nucleus are conspicuously, elegantly, transversely ribbed, the riblets nearly straight, with subequal interspaces. Beyond the constriction the riblets are less conspicuous and more crowded and more oblique, and so continue evenly over the adult shell where the suture is distinct but not deep, the form somewhat fusoid, the basal whorl! slightly contracted and subangulate at the periphery, the umbilicus closed and the aperture suborbicular and lightly reflected. The axis is moderately stout and twisted, with a single plait on the pillar, anteriorly, in the last and penultimate whorls, not however visible from the aperture, much as in A. liebmanni, Pfeiffer. Length of decollate spire, 21 mm.; of decollated shell, 29 mm.; maximum diameter of shell, 10 mm.; of decollation, 6mm. Types from Huilotepec, Oaxaca, Mexico; collected by EK. W. Nelson. No. 107366, U.S.N.M. This species is shorter and more slender than A. hyalina, Pfeiffer, which has always 1 and sometimes 2 more whorls. It is of a whitish, not a pinkish tint, and the decollated portion of the spire is more cylindrical than in A. hyalina, which has a proportionally larger and more trumpet-like mouth. A. liebmanni is larger, stouter, of a brownish yellow color, and has a whorl less than the present species, which is respectfully dedicated to Herr H. Strebel, joint author of the work on Mexican land shells already alluded to. Genus CIONELLA, Jeffreys. CIONELLA LUBRICA, Muller. A single specimen was obtained at an altitude of about 9;400 feet on the summit of the Huachuca range, Cochise County, Arizona, by Dr. Mearns. This is the most southern locality definitely known in the United States for this species. It has been obtained by Hemphill in the Weber Canyon, Utah, and at White Earth, Colorado, by Ingersoll, Proc. N. M. vol. xix 2 22d 354 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. = ~— vou. xx, but these localities are several hundred miles to the northward of Dr. Mearns’ station. There would seem to be no reason why the species may not extend still farther south in suitable localities among the mountains of Mexico. The species is reported from near Caraccas, Venezuela, by Jousseaume. The Arizona specimen, like other southern individuals, is somewhat smaller than the best developed northern form, and might be referred to the variety lubricoides, Ferussac, if worth naming. Genus BULIMULUS, Leach. The Bulimuli considered in this paper belong to the subgenus Ortho- tomium, Crosse and Fischer, as restricted by Pilsbry. If we follow the obnoxious practice of rejecting names which have been used in another gender with a different spelling, as synonyms, we must replace the section Leptobyrsus, Crosse and Fischer, by Sonorina, Pils- bry, for species of the spirifer type. Orthotomium, s. s., practically covers the rest, except a few aberrant elongated pupiform species for which Cooper’s name, Plicolumna, may be used. The Bulimuli of northern Mexico are intimately related to those of the southwestern United States and of the peninsula of Lower Cali- fornia. The fauna of the-last mentioned region has something of an insular character, having been in comparatively recent geological time isolated from the continent by an arm of the sea extending in the vicinity of the international boundary line from the Pacific to the Colorado Basin and the head of the Gulf of California. Owing to the intercourse between the opposite coasts of the Gulf of California it has happened that species have been submitted to natu- ralists as coming from the peninsula which really belong to the main- land, but it is by no means certain that there are not a number of common species. IJ received from Dr. J. G. Cooper, in the same parcel with well-known peninsular species and without any distinctive label, a number of specimens of Bulimulus baileyi, which is also represented in the National Museum collection by specimens collected on the peninsula by W. J. Fisher. Dr. Cooper now thinks that his specimens ot B. baileyi were collected at Hermosillo, Mexico, and we have speci- mens from northern Mexico, collected by Bailey. So it seems that a doubt is thrown on the peninsular habitat of B. baileyi which it will require further researches to dispel. It must be remembered, however, that B. pallidior is represented by a very slightly modified variety on the mainland as far south as Costa Rica, notwithstanding the fact that its center of distribution is certainly the mountains! of the peninsula. Epiphragmophora hachitana was collected by Merrill a little to the south of San Quentin, Lower California (lat. 30° N.), although it seems ‘Tt is hardly necessary to insist on the errors of habitat which assigned this species to Peru and the South Sea Islands, from which no specimens are known. No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 355 to be a characteristic species of the mountain peaks of northern Mex- ico. It is evident, therefore, that it will not do to be dogmatic about doubtful localities connecting the mainland and peninsular faunas. The isolation of each by desert tracts of lowland is almost as complete as if it were by water, but a thorough search will probably reveal a number of species common to both regions. Although the Boundary Commission at the northern border of Lower California did not reach the mountains where the peninsular fauna flourishes, it seems permissible here to discuss some species of the latter which are genetically connected with others touched on in this report and belong to the same faunal region in its broader sense. Since this paper was originally written (January, 1899) Mr. Pilsbry has proposed a revision of the American Bulimuli, based on the typical species of each group and especially the characters of the nepionic shell. This revision! has been utilized and the names adopted in it have been used here in place of those previously current. In discussing the land shells of Lower California, Dr. J. G. Cooper has expressed certain opinions to which it seems necessary to refer, as otherwise some misconceptions might be perpetuated in spite of Mr. Pilsbry’s revision. The subgenus Rhodea was created by the brothers Adams in 1858 for the Achatina californica of Pfeiffer. The type is now known to inhabit the mountains of New Grenada and the adjacent region and to have no relation to the African genus Columna, Perry, to which it was referred by Adams as a subgenus. An excellent review of the group (raised to generic rank) containing good figures of the species was published by H. Crosse,’ and it is also treated of in the great work on the Mexican land shell fauna by Crosse and Fischer. For historic details the reader is referred to these monographs. The principal characters of Rhodea consist in its elon gated parallel- sided form, smooth, dome shaped, Stenogyra-like nucleus, the distinct sutural keel more emphasized in the later whorls; the constriction of the last whorl, medially; the gyrate columella in the last whorl or two, making a pervious axis; the channel behind the columella which forms a rounded prominent fasciole encircling the axis, and in the adult ter- minates in an angular sinus in the otherwise continuous peristome. The anatomy is helicoid, the jaw is furnished with a few strong, distant vertical ribs, and the animal is ovoviviparous, like Stenogyra. One of the species is sinistral, the others dextral, but all are very much alike and sculptured only with transverse striations. The California Academy of Sciences has sent several expeditions into the adjacent parts of Mexico and the peninsula of Lower California, during which interesting land shells were collected by Dr. G. Eisen and other members of the party. These have been described in the publi- cations of the academy by Dr. J. G. Cooper. Among them were some ! The Nautilus, IX, No. 10, pp. 112-115, Feb., 1895. 2 Journ. de Conchyl., XXIV, p. 5, 1876. 356 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. "Vou. XIX, elongated forms strongly resembling the original Rhodea californica and others of Stenogyra-like aspect which, in default of anatomical details, were provisionally referred to Melaniella. Later explorations resulted in obtaining from the Sierra San Lazaro, about 25 miles north of Cape St. Lucas, living specimens of Bulimulus artemesia, W. G. Binney, Columna ramentosa, Cooper, Melaniella eiseniana, Cooper, and Vitrea indentata, Say, examples of which were sent to me by Dr. Cooper in order that their true relations might be determined by an examina- tion of the anatomy. Recent researches on the anatomy of the Helicidz by Ihering, Pils- bry, Hedley, and others have shown conclusively that the external modifications of the shell alone are not a sufficient guide to the genetic relations of the animals concerned, and that under similar environ- mental influences the Helicidee, taken in a broad sense, of different countries and different genetic history, produce strikingly similar modi- fications of their shelly envelopes. These have hitherto naturally been assumed to indicate a relationship which we now know does not exist. Further, it appears that a more minute scrutiny of the shells referred to does in many cases reveal characters in them which, in the light of our new information, point to their real affinities, but which have hith- erto been overlooked or regarded as of too little importance to be worth dwelling upon. An examination of Dr. Cooper’s shells affords striking confirmation of the new views above referred to and shows that notwithstanding superficial similarities the Californian and South American forms can not be associated in the same minor group and genetically are of dif- ferent origin. I should state here that I considered in a recent paper on the Bulimuli of Lower California! a number of the species collected by the expeditions of the California Academy and forwarded to the National Museum by Dr. Cooper in connection with a large series, includ- ing most of the original types or author’s specimens of species of this group hitherto described from this region by Gould, Gabb, W.G. Binney,” and others. In his paper on “‘ Land and fresh-water mollusks of Lower California, No. 4,” Dr. Cooper, who had not had access to a series named by me or to the original types above mentioned, ventured on some criti- cisms of my work. These criticisms are almost wholly based on mis- identifications of species or misconception of facts, and, in general, are vitiated by these errors. I will mention only one instance, as I have no desire to enter into controversy and prefer to allow the specimens, prop- erly identified in the Museum series, to speak for themselves. Dr. Cooper is under the impression that Bulimulus pallidior exists as a South American species, and that Binney and Bland have described the den- tition of Peruvian specimens., Now, these authors specifically state that their specimen was from Lower California, and it has long been 1Proc. U. : Nat. Mase XVI, pp. 639-644, 1293. 2Proc, ret Wow: Sci., 2 ser., LV, pp. 180-143, 1894. No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 357 ————— known that the reference of 6. pallidior to South America was merely an error of habitat; that the species is only known from Lower Califor- nia and Costa Rica. Hence there is no need of considering any (hypo- thetical) Peruvian species, as in the case of Bb. proteus where two very similar shells of different habitats had been confounded. Gould’s type of B. vegetus, now in the National Museum, establishes its absolute identity with B. pallidior. Since Dr. Cooper’s paper was printed it has been possible for me to examine a series of the species named by him from the collections made by the Academy expeditions to Lower Cali- fornia, which he kindly forwarded at my request. Subgenus ORTHOTOMIUM, Pilsbry. Orthotomium, PILSBRY, Nautilus, IX, No. 10, p. 114, Feb., 1896. > Orthotomium, CRossE and FISCHER, Moll. Mexique, 1875. > Leptobyrsus, CROSSE and FISCHER, op. cit., 1875. >Globulinus, CROSSE and FISCHER, op. cit., 1875. The type of Orthotomium is Bulimulus sufflatus, and the group as a whole comprises the sections Orthotomium, s.s.; Leptobyrsus, Crosse and Fischer, (type B. spirifer, Gabb) or Sonorina, Pilsbry; and Plico- lumna, Cooper (+ Pseudorhodea, Dall), of which the type is B. ramento- sus, Cooper. Section SONORINA, Pilsbry. BULIMULUS (ORTHOTOMIUM) BELDINGI, Cooper. Bulimulus inscendens beldingi, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., III, p. 209, 1892; 340, pl. x11, fig. 5; LV, p.137, 1894. Bulimulus (Leptobyrsus) inscendens, BINNEY, var. beldingi, DALL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, p. 643, 1893. Mountains of Lower California, Eisen and others. I noted my suspicion in 1893 that this form is specifically distinet from B. inscendens, and, after examining Dr. Cooper’s series, | am con- firmed in this opinion. I do not find on careful scrutiny the interme- diate stages which would connect the two species, and | now separate them definitively. To the typical form, as originally described by Cooper, I add two varieties, named and characterized in the above- mentioned paper as var. alta and var. monticola. The jaw of B. beldingi is essentially like that of B. artemesia, but heavier, with the plications carried to the dorsal edge. The teeth dif fer only in being more numerous. The animal is dark, slaty-black above and pale below, with the edge of the foot marginated by a row of granulations. BULIMULUS (ALTERNATUS var.?) NIGROMONTANUS, Dall. Shell short, wide, white, with 5 whorls, rather rudely striated in har- mony with the lines of growth; nuclear whorls 2, neatly, evenly sculp- tured with fine, usually wavy, minute ribs, the summit with asmall central 358 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. funicular dimple; whorls moderately rounded, the last much the largest, the spire obtusely conical; base full and rounded, with a rather large, deep, and subeylindrical umbilicus; outer lip sharp, hardly reflected; pillar lip reflected rather widely near the body around (not over) the umbilicus; body with a thin wash of callus, the outer lip strongly incurved at its junction, giving a somewhat tubular look to the suture; substance of the shell thin, without markings. Length 18, of the last whorl 13, maximum diameter 11 mm. Summit of Black Mountain, Sonora, Mexico; Dr. Mearns. No. 129993, eso. The shells above described are not in the best condition, and I have some hesitation in deseribing them; but after an exhaustive compari- son with the Bulimuli of the region and of Lower California I find none to which the present form can be confidently assigned. It recalls somewhat B. xantusi, Binney, and B. baileyi, Dall, but is smaller and more globose than either. Inform some of the varieties of b. alternatus, Say, come nearest to it, but have a different surface and markings which are absent from the present form, and none of them has so deep and cylindrical an umbilicus. I have thought it best, therefore, to put it on record until the reception of more material shall enable a final decision to be made. BULIMULUS (ORTHOTOMIUM) COOPERI, Dall. Bulimulus pilula (CROSSE and FISCHER), COOPER, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., III, pp. 209, 340, pl. v, fig. 12, 1894. Bulimulus cooperi, DALL, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 5, 1895. The specimen figured as pilula, from San Jose del Cabo, by Dr. Cooper, is B. pilula, Crosse and Fischer, but not of Binney. The former, judging from their figure and from somewhat weathered speci- mens, has a peripheral band or bands, in which two darker bound a central paler zone; the surface has well-marked incremental lines, but no spiral striz or granulations. It has been well figured by Crosse and Fischer and Cooper, though the latter does not show the bands, his specimens being bleached. There can be no doubt that this species is distinct from the original and only true B. pilula, and, since it does not seem to have been named, I have proposed for it the name of Buli- mulus cooperi. BULIMULUS (ORTHOTOMIUM) DECIPIENS, Cooper. Bulimulus decipiens, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2 ser., V, p. 164, June, 1895. A third species was among these referred at first to B. pilula, with some doubt, by Dr. Cooper in the series submitted to me. Unfortu- nately, the specimens, though living when obtained, are not adult. They appear, however, to represent a very distinct species. The shell is of pale, livid, pinkish brown, with a peripheral, narrow, pale-yellow band. The largest specimen has a Leptobyrsus nucleus (not keeled) of No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 359 2 whorls, and about 24 rapidly enlarging later whorls. The suture is distinct, but not deep, the shell, when adult, is probably about the shape of sufflatus, but thinner; the umbilicus is deep, but very small, and almost hidden by the reflection of the pillar lip; the base is rounded; the surface marked by inconspicuous incremental lines and by spiral, microscopic but sharp, distant, slightly elevated lines, be- tween which are still finer spiral striations. The general surface is not polished, even when perfectly fresh, but the wear on the fine ele- vated lines seems to polish them, so that under a strong triplet they shine against the duller background of the rest of the surface. This sculpture is very characteristic and quite unlike that of any other Lower Californian species. The shell above described measures 11.5 mm. high, of which the last whorl stands for 10 mm. and 9.5 mm. in diameter. It was collected by Eisen in the Sierra San Lazaro, near Cape St. Lucas, in September, 1894. BULIMULUS (ORTHOTOMIUM) LEVIS, Dall. Bulimulus xantusi var. levis, DALL, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVI, p. 641, 1893.— CoopER, Proce. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2 ser., LV, p. 139, pl. v, fig. 14, 1894. Bulimulus levis, DALL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 5, 1895, Several fresh specimens obtained by Dr. Eisen on his last trip show that this species is covered with a smooth, polished, greenish-yellow epidermis, with vertical darker streaks instead of dark brown, as in BL. cuntusi, and it is absolutely without granulation. There is no doubt but that this is a distinct species, which can retain the varietal name in a specific sense. Decorticated specimens may have been dis- tributed under the name of xantusi by collectors, but the original figured type of Mr. W. G. Binney must be taken as the standard for that species. With it the B. gabbii of Crosse and Fischer is identical, and must fall into synonymy. BULIMULUS (ORTHOTOMIUM) PILULA, W. G. Binney. This species does not appear among the shells forwarded for exam- ination by Dr. Cooper. Of those sent under this name the majority were small or immature specimens of B. sufflatus, Gould, and its variety, chinchensis, Cooper. Section PLICOLUMNA, Cooper. Plicolumna, CooPER, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2 ser., V, p. 164, June, 1895. Pseudorhodea, Dauu,! Nautilus, IX, p. 51, Sept., 1895; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XOVTE Sp. 15, 1895: Shell resembling that of Rhodea, Adams, but without a keel on the upper side of the suture in the later whorls, without a channel behind 1The duplication of names is the result of my absence in Alaska at the time of the printing of both Dr. Cooper’s paper and my own, which, as manuscript, was the earlier of the two, 360 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. the pillar and consequently without the resulting convex fasciole mar- ginating the pervious axis; with a rounded and not excavated base; with a ribbed and funicular nepionie apical stage instead of a smooth and dome-like one, with a jaw differing as elsewhere described from the jaw of Rhodea, and probably by being oviparous. The dentition of Rhodea has not been figured, so no comparisons can be made with it. Plicolumna is intimately related to the group of Bulimulus, including Leptobyrsus and such species as Bb. artemesia. It is probably the result of special factors of the environment acting on part of the same phylum. From them it differs by the persistence of a gyrate columella in the last 2 whorls and the resulting pervious axis, features which are absent from its nearest relative, B. artemesia. It is probable that the South American Rhodea is a similar modification of some local phylum, induced by analogous features in the environment. BULIMULUS (ORTHOTOMIUM) ARTEMESIA, W. G. Binney. (Plates XXXI, fig. 6; XXXII, fig. 6.) Bulimulus (Leptobyrsus) artemesia (W. G. BINNEY), DALL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, p. 642, pl. Lx x1I, fig. 5. In my paper above refered to, this species was placed in a subdivi- sion of the section Leptobyrsus, characterized by the absence of the con- cealed flange on the pillar which is so curious a feature of B. bryanti, B. spirifer, and B. veseyianus. Dr. Cooper supposing his Columna ramen- tosa to belong to Rhodea, and observing the indications of affinity between B. artemesia and his Columna ramentosa, criticises me for plac- ing the former in the same group with the Leptobyrst (=Sonorina, Pils- bry), and observes that it would better have been placed in Peroncus until if was certain that it does not belong with Columna (= Rhodea), Now Peroncus (pupiformis) is a Chilian form, with the dome-shaped smooth nucleus of Bostryx belonging to that region, and, while the gen- eral outline is very like that of B. artemesia, the nuclear whorls are as far as possible removed from the ribbed funicular form which character- izes the species of Lower California. Consequently, though having but a Single specimen of the shell, the type of B. artemesia, I did not hesi- tate to place it among the forms, which by propinquity, as well as nepionic characters, were distinctly pointed out as related to it. On the other hand, the shell has not a single one of the characters upon which the true Rhodea must rely for its validity. Yet Dr. Cooper, judg- ing the true Rhodea by the shells, which at first under the name of Columna he wrongly referred to it, was not incorrect in supposing these to be related to B. artemesia. They are very closely related to it, and, without doubt, are derived from the same stock, and the similarity of Columna (Cooper) to Rhodea, Adams, is dynamic and superficial and not genetic, as I shall now proceed to show. In nearly all the Lower Californian Bulimuli, from the great LB. mon- tezuma down to the small arfemesia, the nepionic or nuclear whorls a il it oe em eels Sat No. 1111. ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 361 present a special aspect rather unusual among species of this genus. The subspherical or bulb-like protoconch with which the shell begins, and which is formed within the egg, when the coiling of the whorls commences, is tipped over and obliquely infolded by the first gyration; a section shows more of the protoconch below than above the first sutural line. The coiling whorl is often strongly keeled on the shoulder, so that from the keel toward the suture is a straight downward slope, while theexternal surface from the keel toward the periphery is rounded. The circular sweep of the keeled first whorl thus forms an apical funie- ular depression where the point of the spire usually is. In those eases where the first whorl is not keeled it nevertheless shows a dimple or pit at the apex, though not so sharply emphasized. The first 14 or 2 whorls are regularly ribbed with small, distinct, even ribs and about equal interspaces, directed vertically or parallel with the axis. Beyond this point the ribs fade and are represented by oblique more or less flexuous elevated incremental lines, often granulated by the crossing of about equally strong spiral strive with equal interspaces. This granu- lation is often inconstant; some of the species may show it well devel- oped over the whole shell, or may be almost free from it, though there are some which are always smooth or even polished, and others which are not known without a well-marked granulation. In strongly granu- lated perfect shells (and markedly in b. artemesia) the granules, or certain rows of them, are regularly tipped with projecting points of epidermis which are very deciduous. The surface shown by Cooper's! figure 26 as belonging to Lb. montezuma is an eroded surface and bears no resemblance to the granulation exhibited by an unworn specimen. Figures 29 and 30, on the other hand, are very good and give an excellent idea of the surface of the respective species. Now, the peculiar apex and surface above described are exhibited perfectly by B. artemesia when in perfect and well-developed condition, but it should be noted that the ribbing of the nepionic whorls is easily removed by wear; and a worn specimen, even when living, may have much of it lost and the worn area polished, almost as if it never had been ribbed. The granulation of the latter surface (as already men- tioned), though always existent, is inconstant in strength and distribu- tion. The granules begin to erode before the rest of the shell, owing to their prominence, and hence in worn specimens their places are often occupied by rows of punctures caused by erosion. | The peristome is usually thickened and the outer lip but little reflected. The pillar in all the specimens I have seen is nearly straight and in none of them is the axis in the least pervious. Behind the reflected pillar lip is a chink or umbilical fissure which varies in size in differ- ent individuals. The last whorl is often peripherally appressed and usually a little attenuated in front, features greatly exaggerated in ** Columna” ramentosa. Now, Dr. Cooper tells us that his ‘‘ Columna” 1Cooper, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2 ser., V, No. 4, pl. v1. 362 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. ramentosa abbreviata has the apex, surface, and general form of B. arte- mesia, but with a gyrate pillar and pervious axis in the last whorl. In the only specimen I have seen of variety abbreviata, the axis is not per- vious and the shell is pathologically distorted. I do not doubt that some of Dr. Cooper’s examples of this form (of which only nine speci- mens were collected in two years) have a pervious axis, but I am inclined to regard the shell as a variety of B. artemesia rather than C. ramentosa, and as a peculiar pathological product rather than a nor- mal development. I fully agree to the proposition that B. abbreviata, if it is normal, presents characters (analogous to the gyrate axis of Leptobyrsus spirifer in its penultimate whorl) in many respects inter- mediate between B. artemesia and “ Columna” ramentosa, and that all three are derived from the same stock. The specimens had unfortu- nately been put into very strong alcohol at first and consequently had been so contracted that not only the head and associated parts, but also the anterior end of the foot had been invaginated within the general surface of the body and all attempts at relaxing them failed entirely. It was observed, however, that the body above was slaty black, with large, elongate, pustular granulation, the foot paler, bordered above and at the edge by a narrow row of shorter pustules distinct from those of the general surface. The sole was marked by a deep median groove, on each side of which, extending to the marginal border, is a broad rep- tary band or longitudinally striate, nearly smooth reptary surface. The tail end is somewhat rounded with no visible mucus gland; the front edge substruncate. The characters of ‘‘ Columna” ramentosa were similar on a smaller scale. The jaw of B. artemesia is fairly strong; the upper part smooth, the lower part with about 12 somewhat irregular ribs, smooth or low on the side toward the median line and with a thin, ragged, projecting edge outwardly. They looked as if the jaw had been repeatedly split upward from the cutting edge about half way to the upper margin, with a dull knife held obliquely. These ribs, if they can be so called, hardly project from the surface of the jaw, and contrast very strongly with the few strong distant ribs which are found on the jaw of Rhodea. The jaw in these Bulimuli is always reinforced by a thin chitinous sheet which protects the roof of the mouth from the points of the teeth on the radula. It is usually left off or neglected in figures of the jaw. This appendage is connected with the lower margin of insertion of the jaw proper and extends back about three or four times as far as the antero-posterior width of the jaw. It is usually smooth and almost transparent. In B. artemesia the anterior central part has the pune- tate, or rather cellular appearance of adenoid tissue, being covered with minute circular impressions or markings only visible under high magnification. If these are elevations or depressions on the surface of the sheet (which for convenience may be called the oral shield) they are probably on the side which is attached to the flesh and are perhaps due to the cellularity of the tissue they protect. (See Plate I, fig. 6.) | | | # No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 363 The jaw, on the whole, resembles that of Thysanophora, as figured by Pilsbry. The teeth of the radula are also of the normal bulimuloid type with about 35 laterals on each side of the rhachidian tooth. The latter is symmetrical and has the lateral cusps practically absent, though there is a shoulder on the side of the median cusp where the lateral casps are usually situated. The lateral teeth are very sunilar ; the outermost are shorter and wider and have the inner and outer cusp more separated or less fully developed, but otherwise, as in B. alternatus, resemble the inner laterals. The radula as a whole differs chiefly from that of B. alternatus im having the individual teeth a little wider in proportion to their height. BULIMULUS (ORTHOTOMIUM) RAMENTOSUS, Cooper. (Plate XXXI, fig. 8.) Rhodea californica var. ramentosa, COOPER, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2 ser., III, p. 102, 1891. Columna ramentosa, COOPER, loc. cit., p. 215, 1892; p. 338, 1893. Plicolumna ramentosa, COOPER, loc. cit., V, p. 164, June, 1895. Near the edge of lagoons near San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Bryant and Eisen; also in the mountains by Eisen, Vaslit, etc., but the altitude is not stated. (Cooper.) This species has precisely the nucleus of B. artemesia and the exter- nal appearance of the animals as far as could be determined in the very contracted specimens does not differ. The jaw is almost exactly the same size as that of B. artemesia, and agrees in every particular in the mode of its construction. If a number of jaws of the two spe- cies were mixed no one could determine to which species any partic- ular jaw properly belonged. The teeth and radula agree with equal closeness except that it is somewhat narrower, the formula being 98:1: 28 in the specimen examined, and the outermost laterals were proportionately a little wider than in B. artemesia. The distinctions between this form and Rhodea have been pointed out in the sectional diagnosis, but it may be as well to call attention to some minor details. The base of the last whorl in B. ramentosus is rounded and the constriction of the peripheral part of the whorl is variable in different specimens. It would almost seem as if the con- striction and the gyration of the pillar were in some way correlated, as the pillar above the last 2 whorls is not gyrate, though somewhat tor- tuous, and consequently the perviousness of the axis does not extend, as supposed by Cooper, to the entire axis, but only to that part of it included in the last whorl and a half or two whorls. The columellar muscle is exceptionally long, and attached for several whorls, so that it is very difficult to withdraw the animal from its shell, even after it has been long in alcohol. The axis appears to be destitute of any lamellie, plications, or projections of any kind. In fact, the creature, so far as its shell is concerned, is a very attenuated Leptobyrsus with its gyrate axis continued into the adult state, whereas in the ordinary 364 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. Leptobyrsus the gyration ceased in time for the pillar of the completed shell to appear normally straight and the axis impervious. In a per- fectly adult B. ramentosus the margins of the aperture are expanded and slightly thickened, but not reflected. The diameter of the hollow axis varies in different specimens. Family GLANDINIDZ. Genus PSEUDOSUBULINA, Strebel and Pfeffer. PSEUDOSUBULINA EISENIANA, Cooper. It has already been shown by Strebel and Pfeffer (1882) that some of the small Mexican species with a shell closely resembling Stenogyra and Spiravis are destitute of a jaw and have a dentition closely resembling that of Glandina. These were separated under the name of Pseudosub- ulina, with a longitudinally ribbed Stenogyra-like shell having a smooth nuclear portion and a truncate pillar (Ex. P. chiapensis, Pfeffer). ‘To this group a subgenus was added under the name of Volutaxis, distin- euished by having axially ribbed nuclear whorls and the pillar not truncate, but slightly thickened and twisted, and passing more or less directly into the sharp-edged peristome. The species described by Dr. Cooper, under the provisional name of Melaniella (tastensis and M. eiseniana, the latter being sinistral), are almost exactly intermediate between the typical Pseudosubulina and Volutavis, indicating that the . two groups should be consolidated. In these two species the nuclear whorls, when perfect, are delicately axiallyribbed ; the young shells have a straight pillar, not truncate, but with an angle at the base which, in the adult, is more or less obsolete, while the pillar becomes not plicate, but somewhat thickened. In P. eiseniana there is no jaw. The animal is pale colored, and was so contracted in the specimens that the existence of labial palpi, of which there was no evidence, could not be absolutely denied. It is, however, probable that there are none. The very minute radula is of the shape of the same organ in Glandina, oval, with the rows of teeth meeting at a sharp angle in the median line. There are about 13 slender, arched, needle-like teeth on each side of a very small, low, slender, narrow rhachidian. Some of the laterals appeared to have a double cusp, which may have been pathological; in general they resem- bled the laterals of Glandina, but had the cusps more drawn out, slen- der, and relatively about twice as long compared with the base. Genus STREPTOSTYLA, Shuttleworth. STREPTOSTYLA NEBULOSA, new species. (Plate XXXII, fig. 4.) Shell of a brilliant yellowish brown, clouded irregularly with opaque blotches, thin, ovoid, with 5$ whorls; nucleus smooth, the apex blunt, No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 365 the second whorl wider between the sutures than the third; surface of the shell polished, with the incremental lines occasionally and irregu- larly conspicuous; spire short, the suture deep and channeled, but narrow; base slightly attenuated, pillar with its edge thickened, twisted, and slightly reflected; outer lip thin, sharp, nearly straight. Length 22, maximum diameter, 10 mm. Found inside of a large Helix at San Cristobal, Chiapas, Mexico, by H. W. Nelson. No. 107369, U.S.N.M. This species is nearest to S. bocourti, Crosse and Fischer, but has a more oval form, less pointed and less elevated spire. Family SUCCINEID. Genus SUCCINEA, Draparnaud. SUCCINEA LUTEOLA, Gould. Specimens of what appears to be this species were found sparingly at Lake Palomas in the Mimbres Valley, northern Mexico, near boundary monument No. 19, and in the drift of the Santa Cruz River at Tucson, Arizona. It 1s also abundant at Fort Clark, Texas. EIST OF THE KNOWN PULMONATE FAUNA. The following list of land mollusks belonging to the Central region includes all that are known to inhabit it south of latitude 42° to the Mexican border. North of about that parallel there are various in- truders, and the Sonoran element of the fauna is excluded by the cli- mate. The region south of the boundary is too insufficiently known to take into consideration. Those species which are marked with an asterisk (*) are relatively northern, and not known south of the locality following the name. ‘hose marked with a dagger (t) belong to the mountain tops of the warmer region about the boundary line, and are probably all found south of the line some distance into Sonora and Chihuahua, the border States of Mexico. The northernmost locality of some of them which are not known north of the boundary follows the name. The fresh-water species, on account of having a different distribution from the land pulmonates, are here omitted; also the bor- der species cf Texas and Lower California, which are not known to enter the region indicated.! Family VITRINID2. t Vitrina pfeifferi, Newcomb. Fort Wingate, New Mexico; Jemez Sulphur Springs, Ashmun. * Vitrina limpida, Gould. Colorado (Ingersoll); New Mexico. 1T am indebted to Dr. Y. Sterki for assistance in making up the list of Pupa and Vertigo. 366 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VoL. XIX. Family ZONITID 2. * Vitrea arborea, Say. Rio Chama, New Mexico; Arizona. * Vitrea radiatula, Aldee. Arizona; New Mexico. * Vitrea minuscula, Binney. Northward from Yucatan; Arizona. * Vitrea (Glyphyalinia) indentata, Say. Mountains of Lower California and New Mexico. * Vitrea (Glyphyalinia?) subrupicola, Dall. Clinton’s Cave, Utah. *Conulus fulvus, Draparnaud. New Mexico. Family ENDODONTID 4. Patula strigosa, Gould. North to Wyoming and Idaho from Sonora. Patula strigosa var. concentrata, Dall. New Mexico and Arizona. Patula hemphillii, Newcomb. Arizona to Idaho. Pyramidula cronkhitei, Newcomb. Nevada and California. * Pyramidula striatella, Anthony. Fly Park, Arizona; White Oaks, New Mexico, Ashmun. * Helicodiscus lineatus, Say. Rio Chama and White Oaks, New Mexico. Family HELICID 4. Thysanophora ingersollii, Bland. Fly Park, Arizona; New Mexico. Thysanophora hornii, Gabb. Yaqui River, Mexico; Arizona. Polygyra levettei, Bland. New Mexico; Arizona. Polygyra levettei var. Thomsoniana, Ancey. Santa Fé, New Mexico. t Polygyra mearnsii, Dall. Arizona and New Mexico. t Polygyra chiricahuana, Dall. Arizona. t Polyayra ashmuni, Dall. New Mexico. t Polygyra pseudodonta, Dall. New Mexico. * Epiphragmophora indioensis, Yates. Indio, California. Epiphragmophora rowellii, Newcomb. Phoenix, Arizona. + Epiphragmophora magdalenensis, Stearns. Mexico to California. Epiphragmophora coloradoénsis, Stearns. Grand Canyon, Colorado. Epiphragmophora arizonensis, Dall. ‘Tucson, Arizona. t Epiphragmophora hachitana, Dall. Southwestern New Mexico to Lower California. * Vallonia costata, Miiller. San Marcial, New Mexico. * Vallonia pulchella, Miiller. Rio La Plata, Colorado. * Vallonia cyclophorella, Ancey. Arizona to Idaho; New Mexico. * Vallonia gracilicosta, Reinhardt. Arizona to Dakota. Family LIMACID. Limax montanus, Ingersoll. Colorado. Limax campestris. Binney. Nevada. Family PHILOMYCIDA. + Philomycus sallei, Crosse and Fischer. Sonora and Lower California. Family BULIMULID. * Cionella lubrica, Miiller. Arizona; Venezuela. t Bulimulus nigromontanus, Dall. Sonora, Mexico. t Bulimulus baileyi, Dall. Sonora, Mexico. No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 367 Family PUPID. t Holospira (Haplostemma) mearnsii, Dall. New Mexico. Holospira (Hudistemma) arizonensis, Stearns. Arizona, + Holospira (Distomospira) bilamellata, Dall. New Mexico. + Metastoma coahuilensis, Binney. Coahuila, Mexico. + Metastoma semisculpta, Stearns. Chihuahua, Mexico. Metastoma pfeifferi, Menke. Sonora, Mexico. Metastoma rémondii, Gabb. Sonora, Mexico. + Metastoma crossei, Dall. New Mexico. * Pupa fallax, Say. Arizona, New Mexico, and northward (P. arizonensis, Gab)). *Pupa muscorum, Linné, Arizona (Palmer). * Pupa blandii, Morse. Colorado; New Mexico (Ashmun). * Pupa syngenes, Pilsbry. New Mexico; Arizona to Montana. Pupa gabbii, Dall. New Mexico, Arizona (= P. arizonensis, W.G. Binney, non Gabb). Pupa hordacea, Gabb. Fort Grant, Arizona, to Texas. * Pupa procera, Gould. New Mexico to Texas; Minnesota to Rhode Island. * Pupa armifera, Say. New Mexico (Ashimun). Pupa hordeacella, Pilsbry. Arizona to Florida, * Pupa holzingeri, Sterki. New Mexico to Manitoba, Pupa pilsbryana, Sterki. New Mexico; Arizona. * Pupa pentodon, Say. Nevada; Texas. * Sphyradium edentulum, Draparnaud. Colorado; Europe. Sphyradium edentulum var. alticola, Ingersoll. Colorado. * Vertigo corpulenta, Morse. Nevada; Colorado. * Vertigo decora, Gould. Colorado to Alaska (+ P. ingersollii, Ancey, + P. colorado- ensis, Cockerell). Vertigo decora var. concinnula, Cockerell. Colorado. * Vertigo binneyana, Sterki. New Mexico to Manitoba. * Vertigo ovata, Say. New Mexico; Arizona to Montana. * Vertigo ventricosa, Morse, var. Arizona, * Vertigo tridentata, Wolf. Arizona to Montana, ete. * Vertigo milium, Gould. New Mexico (fossil). Family SUCCINEID 4. * Succinea lineata, Binney. Sonora to Fort Union, Nebraska. * Succinea rusticana, Gould. Nevada. * Succinea nuttalliana, Lea. Salt Lake City, Utah. * Succinea sillimani, Bland. Nevada. * Succinea stretchiana, Bland. Nevada. Succinea luteola, Gould. New Mexico; Texas. The reader will note what a very large number of species of this list are Small and extend from a more congenial habitat in more northern regions along the mountain ranges into this hot and dry region. Doubt- less there are many species to be discovered yet by those who are ready to brave rattlesnakes by turning over fragments of volcanic rocks on the sun-scorched mountains near the boundary; and especially by those who may be fortunate enough to be there during the infrequent rains, when these animals for a time lose their timidity and venture abroad. Especially among the Holospiras may new forms be looked for, as they are remarkably similar to one another externally and are usually found in large numbers where they occur at all. Not until the fauna of 368 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. northern Mexico is well known, will it be possible to generalize correctly on the geographical distribution of the mollusks of this region and the extent to which different elements are represented in the fauna of the boundary. For a long time peculiarities in the distribution of the land mollusks of this and adjacent regions have suggested to the writer that during the Oligocene the highlands of northern Mexico were separated from the mainland of North America by an arm of the sea. It is certain that the peninsula of Lower California was so separated, and the separation may have persisted until even more recent times. The existence of comparatively fresh marine shells, fossil in the sands of the desert far to the eastward of the Colorado, and the fact that the height of land or watershed between the Colorado and the Rio Grande is at present only 3,000 or 4,000 feet above the sea, while the evidences of volcanic activity are abundant—all these facts give color to the hypothesis, which requires fuller and more exact investigation for its establish- ment. If such a barrier has not been interposed, it is difficult to ae- count for the failure of the land-shell fauna of western Texas to make a distinct impression on that of the boundary region, and to find reasons why the genus HLpiphragmophora should have failed to extend its range to the eastward of the Mexican uplift. But this problem is for the future to solve, and we may rest content with having stated it. FRESH-WATER SPECIES. Genus LIMNA@A, Lamarck. LIMN42A BULIMOIDES, Lea. Found sparingly at Fort Worth, Texas, and in the Rio Grande near El Paso, Texas. LIMNZZA DESIDIOSA, Say. A few very slender specimens with elongated spires were found in the drift of the Santa Cruz River, Tucson, Arizona, by Dr. Mearns. Also at San Rafael, New Mexico; Ashmund. Genus PHYSA, Draparnaud. PHYSA MEXICANA, Philippi. Collected by Dr. Mearns at Fort Worth and Fort Clark, Texas; in the Guadalupe Canyon, and San Bernardino River, New Mexico; at Lake Palomas, in the Mimbres Valley, Mexico; from Seven Wells, the Colorado River, and the Santa Cruz River near Tucson, Arizona; at Laguna, 20 miles north of Campo, and at Cameron’s ranch, San Diego County, California. Some strongly shouldered specimens in a subfos- sil state, from the Colorado desert, are perhaps a variety of this species, which is extremely variable. a al ll a i No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 369 ee Genus APLEXA, Fleming. APLEXA HYPNORUM, Linnzus. A single specimen of this species was found in the drift of the Santa Cruz River, near Tucson, Arizona, by Dr. Mearns. This is the most southerly locality yet reported for this species, about the identification of which there seems to be no doubt. The Santa Cruz is a tributary of the Gila River. Genus PLANORBIS, Guettard. PLANORBIS LIEBMANNII, Dunker. _ A single specimen was received from 20 miles north of Campo, San Diego County, California. PLANORBIS TUMIDUS, Pfeiffer. Specimens of this species were sent in by Dr. Mearns from Las Moras Creek, Kinney County, Texas, and the Rio Grande River, near E] Paso; from Seven Wells, the Santa Cruz River near Tucson, San Bernardino River, and the Colorado River at Yuma, Arizona; from the San Bernardino River and Sonoyta River, northern Mexico, near the boundary line; near monument No. 219; in Gardner’s Laguna, Lower California, and at Laguna Station, New River, San Diego County, California. This species varies enormously. Some of the specimens are less ele- vated, with a wider umbilicus and one whorl more than others of the same size, and taken separately would be regarded as distinct, but the intermediate gradations are so numerous that I am unable to regard them as forming a different species or even a really constant variety. Genus BYTHINELLA, Moquin Tandon. The following species has been kindly determined by Mr. Pilsbry, who has made a special study of this genus. BYTHINELLA PALOMASENSIS, Pilsbry, (Plate XXXI, fig. 9.) Bythinella palomasensis, PInsBRY, Nautilus, IX, p. 68, Oct., 1895. Shell small, ovate, rapidly tapering above from the periphery of the body whorl to a blunt apex; composed of 4 very convex whorls, the last about five-sixths the entire length of the shell, well rounded out; surface showing only faint incremental lines; aperture ovate, subangu- lar above, its longest axis about half the length of the shell; peri- stome thin, continuous across the parietal wall and nearly straight there, though not appressed to the body whorl; umbilicus minutely per- forate; color whitish corneous and somewhat translucent. Height of Shell 2.75, maximum diameter 1.80, longer axis of aperture 1.36 mm. Proc. N. M. vol. xix———24 37 rae) MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. “Two specimens from Lake Palomas, northeastern Mexico, collected by Dr. Mearns. No, 130016, U.S.N.M. One of the specimens hae the latter third of the last whorl free from the body, as in Lyogyrus, a somewhat common pathologie condi- tion in species of this and allied genera, but in the other and evidently normal specimen the peristome is quite free from the adjacent body whorl, not appressed thereto. Neither example retained the operculum or dried soft parts, and therefore the generic reference can not be veri- fied by examination of the dentition, but the form of the shell is that of a Bythinella rather than an Amnicola. It isa stumpier shell than B. binneyi, Tryon, and has far less inflated whorls than B. brevissima, Pilsbry, but these two, among United States species, are conchologic- ally its nearest allies. Of the short- spired Mexican forms Amnicola orizabensis, Crosse and Fischer, is totally diverse, although the figures in their work look somewhat like this species. A. guatemalensis, Crosse and Fischer, is larger, with a relatively smaller aperture | Pilsbry]. Genus SPH#RIUM, Scopoli. SPHZRIUM SOLIDULUM, Prime. Numerous specimens of this species were obtained in Arizona from the San Bernardino River. Genus PISIDIUM, Pfeiffer. PISIDIUM COMPRESSUM, Prime. Collected by Dr. Mearns in the San Bernardino River, Arizona, and Lake Palomas, south of the boundary line in the Mimbres Valley, northeastern Mexico. PISIDIUM ABDITUM, Haldeman. San Rafael, New Mexico; Ashmun. Genus UNIO, Retzius. The notes upon this group and Anodonta are by Mr. Charles T. Simp- son, of the United States National Museum, UNIO COUCHIANUS, Lea. Unio couchianus, LEA, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1V, p. 371; Obs. on the Genus Unio, VIII, p. 53, pl. tx vi, fig. 196. This rare species was described by Dr. Lea from half a dozen odd valves sent to him by the Smithsonian Institution, which were procured by Lieut. D. N. Couch, U. 8. A., from Dr. Berlandier’s collection. The shell has the general form of an ‘inflated U. asperrimus, but is much less tuberculate. Dr. Lea describes it as smooth, but a cnet examination Pinte tu figs kat: No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. a71 shows the surface, especially near the beaks, to be covered with slight pustules, which in the types are worn, and the valves have the radiating wrinkles on the posterior slope common to the species of the Asperri- mus group. Dr. Mearns procured a single right valve of what I believe is the young of this species. It isin a better state of preservation than Lea’s specimens, and exhibits quite distinct, scattered tubercles. UNIO UNDULATUS, Barnes. Unio undulatus, BARNES, Am. Journ. of Science, VI, p. 120, pl. 11, fig. 2. Unio laticostatus, LnA, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., X, pl. 1, fig. 2; Obs. on the Genus Unio, IV, p. 42, pl. 1, fig. 2. A single, badly broken, and much worn right valve of what is no doubt this species was obtained in Kinney County, Texas. Unio lati- costatus, though sometimes more delicately and evenly plicate than Unio undulatus, is undoubtedly a mere variation of Barnes’ species, UNIO POPEI, Lea. Unio popei, LEA, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV, p. 372; Obs. on the Genus Unio, VIII, p. 54. The types of this species came from Devils River, Texas, and the Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico. Since the time of publication it has been rediscovered in both’ the typical localities by the Biological Expedition of the United States Department of Agriculture. Dr. Mearns obtained numerous valves in tolerably fair condition from Kin- ney County, Texas. This, with Unio poeyanus, Lea, a closely allied form from Mexico, forms a small group which does not seem to be very closely related to the Unione fauna of Texas, but rather belongs to that of Mexico and Central America; and the two species are evidently closely allied in their somewhat sulcate sculpture and delicate, soft, lurid nacre, to the group typified by Unio rowelli of Lake Nicaragua. UNIO MITCHELLI, Simpson. (Plate XXXII, figs. 1-3.) & Unio mitchelli, SIMPSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 5, 1895. Shell rhomboid-oval, solid, rather inflated, rounded before, somewhat biangulate behind; dorsal margin curved; base slightly rounded or straight, or sometimes a little emarginate; growth lines strong, irregu- lar anteriorly; ligament rather large and prominent; epidermis coarse, often shining, varying from light yellowish brown to black; beaks fairly prominent, showing slight traces of concentric and rather strong, cor- rugated sculpture; cardinal teeth rather strong, short, and stumpy, slightly ragged; laterals short, heavy, and club-shaped, covered with granular sculpture which has a tendency in very solid shells to become 372 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. vertical; anterior adductor scar small and deep, posterior round and well impressed; palleal line well defined; nacre a soft, silvery white. Length of type 55, height 33, diameter 20 mm. Guadalupe River, Victoria County, Texas, J. D. Mitchell. This species, which was first sent to the National Museum by Mr. Mitchell, taken at the above locality, has since been received from Mr. J. A. Singley from the Guadalupe River at New Braunfels, and from the United States Agricultural Exploring Expedition from the Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico; and in all there are now in the collec- tion fourteen specimens. The species varies greatly in size and consid- erably in form, the Mexican shell being 92 mm. in Jength by 55 mm. in height. Young specimens show faint traces of dark rays in the mid- dle of the shell, and some individuals have slight traces of pustules. In other shells there are very slight plications on the disk and on the posterior slope. Two specimens from the Guadalupe River in Vie- toria County are much shorter and wider, and are lighter colored than the rest, and recall Unio aureus to some extent. The species probably groups with Unio rowelli and scamnatus, though no other members of the group have pustules or plications. Genus ANODONTA, Bruguiére. ANODONTA DEJECTA, Lewis. (Plate XXXII, figs. 4, 5.) Anodonta dejecta, LEWIs, Field and Forest, August and September, Nos. 2 and3, 1875, p. 26. Anodonta mearnsiana, SIMPSON, Nautilus, VI, No. 12, April, 1893, p. 134. This species was described by Dr. Lewis, but not figured, in Field and Forest. It was brought with the material of the expedition under Lieut. George M. Wheeler west of the one-hundredth meridian, and was said to have been collected by Dr. H. C. Yarrow, naturalist of the expe- dition, in the Arkansas River orits tributaries. The types were placed in the National Museum, but by some accident were put away with a lot of rubbish. When Dr. Mearns sent the shell from San Bernardino ranch the writer could not identify it with anything and concluded that it was new and named it in honor of its discoverer. Subsequently in going over and arranging the entire naiad collection of the National Museum, IT found Lewis’ types, and saw at once that his species and my mearns- iana were the same. Lewis’ types consist of a pair and a left valve, all considerably broken and somewhat distorted, yet from their peculiar form, the color of the nacre and epidermis, and the texture of the shell, there can be no doubt of the identity of the two. Though differing much in appearance from Anodonta angulata, Lea, the two species are closely related—a fact that would never be sus- pected if it were not that intermediate specimens almost connect the two. Certain specimens of A. angulata are almost entirely destitute cia a vd get Me ee Sele. No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 373 of the strong, Sharp ridge on the posterior slope, which is usually char- acteristic of that species. They are more compressed and thinner in texture, and are much like A. dejecta in the lurid color of the nacre, general texture, and color of the epidermis, as well as the beak sculp- ture; and the soft parts of the two are much alike. Hemphill states! that Anodonta angulata burrows in beds of compact sand and gravel in the Snake River, with the smaller end of the shell downward, and the angular solid end level with the surface, and no doubt this thickening of the shell and the prominent ridge tend to strengthen it against the shocks of the current. The thinner and more compressed specimens of A. angulata probably live in less rapid water, and Dr. Mearns found A. dejecta in soft mud. The following is a description of A. dejecta, prepared from a large number of individuals: Shell rhomboid or rhomboid-oval, sometimes slightly alate, com- pressed anteriorly, gradually becoming inflated posteriorly, smooth and shining, with numerous lightly marked growth lines, moderately Solid; having a thin epidermis which easily wears off in exposed places, varying from bright green to brownish and pale yellow, some- times broadly and faintly rayed in the posterior region; beaks rather compressed, sculptured with a half dozen or more wavy, concentric sul- cations; nacre soft, lurid, brownish or purplish in the cavity of the shell, shading to lighter color at the edges. Length of an average specimen 80, height 45, diameter 22 mm. San Bernardino ranch, Mexican boundary, Arizona. This species was found by Dr. Mearns in the following additional localities: Tucson, Arizona; Colorado River, near the Mexican bound- ary; Santa Cruz River, near Tucson, Arizona; San Bernardino River, Mexican boundary; New River, Laguna Station, San Diego County, California; mouth of Colorado River. ANODONTA CALIFORNIENSIS, Lea. Anodonta californiensis, LEA, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., X, pl. xxv, fig. 45; Obser- vations on the Genus Unio, V, p. 42, pl. xxv, fig. XLVI. Specimens of what are perhaps this species, but which are too much worn to be determined with certainty, were found at monument 219, Mexican boundary line, and at New River, Laguna Station, San Diego County, California. These were merely bleached valves, generally without any epidermis, and in some cases lacking a part or all of the outer shell layer. Wherever the beak sculpture remained it was shown to be much finer and to have more numerous sulcations than that of A. dejecta, and in this respect it is like that of A. californiensis. The two species evidently approach closely, and I believe the group typified by Anodonta angulata to be nearly related to that of which A. californiensis is a member. 1 Zoe, I, No. II, p. 326. 374 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. Summary.—The collections made by the Commission in the Central region cover thirty-nine species and varieties, of which seven belong strictly to the Mexican fauna, as far as yet known. Twenty-four of these are land shells, of which half are new, and one new Unio belong- ing to the same general region brings the number of new species up to twelve. Doubtless a thorough examination made during a rainy period would add several species to this list, but considering the cir- cumstances under which the collection was made, and the arid and unfavorable character of the region, it would seem that Dr. Mearns met with unexpected success. As a whole, omitting species of uni- versal range, it would seem that the land-shell fauna represents a northward extension of the mountain fauna of Mexico, rather than a modification of the molluscan life of regions north, west, or east of the territory explored. So little is known of the Mexican mollusks that extended comparisons can not at present be made. Only two of the land shells are common to other regions than Mexico and the south central basin west of the Atlantic drainage, a fact which emphasizes the insular character of the mountain tops and the faunal distinctness of their population. SPECIES OF THE TEXAN REGION. The following species belonging to the Texan region of the Eastern fauna were collected by Dr. Mearns: GLANDINA TEXASIANA, Pfeiffer. A few dead specimens at Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas. BULIMULUS DEALBATUS, Say. Numerous, mostly dead specimens, Fort Clark. BULIMULUS DEALBATUS RAGSDALEI, Pilsbry. This smal! and strongly striated variety of B. dealbatus was as com- mon at Fort Clark as the normal form with which numerous interme- diate specimens completely unite it, though extreme specimens seem very distinct. ’ POLYGYRA THYROIDES, Say. Immature specimens feeding on the leaves of Phaseolus. POLYGYRA TEXASIANA, Moricand. Found at Fort Clark and Fort Worth abundantly, the range of the species, so far recorded, extending from Fort Gibson, Indian Territory, south and west to the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. POLYGYRA (MESODON) ROEMERI, Pfeiffer. A single specimen at Fort Worth. no. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Poo eee SUCCINEA LUTEOLA, Gould. Numerous specimens were sent from Fort Worth, others from Lake Palomas, Mexico, and the drift of the Santa Cruz River at Tucson, Arizona, this being a species common to the two regions. HELICINA ORBICULATA, Say. Abundant, dead, at Fort Clark and Fort Worth. SPECIES OF THE CALIFORNIAN REGION. The following land and fresh-water shells were collected in San Diego County, California, or just below the boundary line on the Lower Cali- fornian side, or on San Clemente Island off the coast. SELENITES VOYANA, Newcomb. A single dead and broken specimen was obtained near El Nido. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA, W. G. Binney. Two dead specimens were obtained at El Nido, others in the Nacho- guero Valley, Lower California, and a specimen verging toward the variety cypreophila, Newcomb, at San Diego. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA PANDOREZE var. BENITOSENSIS, Pilsbry. Los Benitos Islands, Lower California. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARNHEIMI, Dall. Arionta californiensis, Lea, var. ramentosa, GouLpD (small var.), W. G. Binney, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, p. 133, fig. 108 (2 views), 1885. Epiphragmophora arnheimi, DALL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVILI, p. 6, 1895. Small island in marshes of San Pablo Bay, J. 8S. Arnheim (33675) ; San Pablo, Contra Costa County, California, A. W. Crawford (12320) and Stearns (58502); Nachoguero Valley, Dr. Mearns (128949). Type, No. 39612, U.S.N.M. This small species has been referred to californiensis as a subvariety, and, in the collection, has found a place as a variety of arrosa or exarata, with which it has little affinity. A series of forty-three specimens, collected at different times and by different people, indicates very uni- form size (max. diam. 18, min. diam, 15, alt. 11 mm.); the whorls range from 5 to 54; the suture is deep, the umbilicus deep and subeylindrie; the lip not much reflected, but in adults unusually thick for the size of the shell, especially near the pillar, and the deposit when fresh is of a pinkish tint; the brown band is narrow, the paler margin not conspicu- ous, and the suture revolves at its loweredge. Thesculpture is entirely different from that of ramentosa, which has the granulations obliquely spaced by ungranulated intervals, forming a distinct pattern, and is 376 ° MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. besides a much larger shell. In #. arnheimi the nucleus is punctate, as in ramentosa, and followed by close-set striz in harmony with the lines of growth, the intervals between which are like elevated threads, the surface of which is broken into low pustules which become more close- set and elongate as the shell grows; the earlier ones are rounded and rather sparse, the later ones are irregularly disposed along the threads, the intervals between them having no regularity and not forming oblique channels or a pattern but tending to arrange themselves, so far as they are arranged at all, in horizontally revolving lines. I have no doubt that this shell is distinct from either ramentosa or exarata and have named it for Mr. J. 8S. Arnheim, of San Francisco, California, by whom the majority of specimens seen were collected. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA KELLETTII, Forbes. Monument No. 258, on the boundary line, also at Campo and Ocean Beach, San Diego County, and the San Ysidro ranch, Lower California. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA INTERCISA, Binney. San Clemente Island. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA STEARNSIANA, Gabb. San Clemente Island; Colorado Islands. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA GABBI, Newcomb. . San Clemente Island. GLYPTOSTOMA NEWBERRYANUM, Binney. Nachoguero Valley, and Campo, San Diego County. MELAMPUS OLIVACEUS, Carpenter. La Jolla, near San Diego. PHYSA HUMEROSA, Gould. Subfossil near monument No, 219. AMNICOLA PROTEA, Gould. Subfossil with the last. MARINE MOLLUSKS. As the termination of the boundary line is at the Pacific Ocean, Dr. Mearns was able to collect a number of marine species on the shore, and others during a visit to San Clemente Island, which lies west from the shore of San Diego County, about 60 miles in the Pacific, forming the southernmost of the Santa Barbara group of islands. Those to which no locality is appended were obtained at the end of the boundary line just south of San Diego. eC No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 377 Acmea mitra, Eschscholtz. Ocean Beach. Acmwa persona, Eschscholtz. Ocean Beach and La Jolla. Acmwa patina, Eschscholtz. La Jolla. Acmwa pelta, Eschscholtz. San Clemente. Acmea scabra, Nuttall. San Clemente. Astralium undosum, Wood. San Clemente. Bittium quadrifilatum, Carpenter. Ocean Beach. Bulla nebulosa, Gould. San Diego Bay. Calliostoma gemmulatum, Carpenter. Ocean Beach. Cardium biangulatum, Sowerby. San Clemente. Cardium substriatum, Conrad. Ocean Beach. Cerithidea sacrata, Gould. Ocean Beach. Chama exogyra, Conrad. Ocean Beach. Chama pellucida, Sowerby. Ocean Beach. Chlorostoma aureotinctum, Forbes. San Clemente. Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Adams. Ocean Beach. Chlorostoma fuscescens, Philippi. Ocean Beach. Chlorostoma gallina, Forbes. San Clemente. Conus californicus, Hinds. San Clemente, Ocean Beach, etc. Crepidula adunca, Sowerby. Ocean Beach. Crepidula rugosa, Nuttall. Ocean Beach. Crucibulum spinosum, Sowerby. Ocean Beach. Cryptomya californica, Conrad. La Jolla. Cumingia californica, Conrad. La Jolla. Cyprea spadicea, Gray. San Clemente. Donazx californicus, Conrad. Ocean Beach. Drillia mesta, Carpenter. Ocean Beach. Erato vitellina, Hinds. Ocean Beach. Fissurella voicano, Reeve. La Jolla. Glyphis murina, Carpenter. San Clemente. Haliotis cracherodii, Leach. San Clemente. Haliotis fulgens, Philippi. San Clemente. Haliotis rufescens, Swainson. La Jolla. Hipponyx tumens, Carpenter. La Jolla. Litorina planazis, Nuttall. La Jolla, Ocean Beach, etc. Lucapina crenulata, Sowerby. San Clemente. Lucina californica, Conrad. San Clemente. Macoma nasuta, Conrad. San Clemente. Monoceros engonatum, Conrad. San Clemente. Mopalia muscosa, Gould. San Clemente. Muricidea incisa, Broderip. San Clemente. Mytilus californicus, Conrad. La Jolla, ete. Nassa fossata, Gould. Ocean Beach. Nassa mendica, Gould (pl. xxx111, figs. 3 and 9). Ocean Beach. Vassa perpinguis, Hinds. Ocean Beach. Nassa tegula, Reeve. San Clemente. Norrisia norrisii, Sowerby. San Clemente, ete. Olivella baetica, Carpenter. Ocean Beach. Olivella biplicata, Sowerby. Ocean Beach and San Clemente. Also on the top of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, where it had been doubtless carried by Indians and used in some of their religious rites. Pecten wquicostatus, Carpenter. San Diego Bay, etc. Pecten latiauritus, Conrad. La Jolla. Psammobia rubroradiata, Conrad. San Clemente. Purpura ostrina, Gould. San Clemente. 378 MEXICAN BOUNDARY SHELLS—DALL. VOL. XIX. Ranella californica, Hinds. San Clemente. Sanguinolaria nuttallii, Conrad. La Jolla. Saxridomus aratus, Gould. La Jolla. Seurria (Lottia) gigantea, Gray. La Jolla, Guadalupe Island, San Clemente, etc. Someof these specimens, especially from the islands, were of remark- ably large size. Semele pulchra, Sowerby. Ocean Beach. Semele rubropicta, Dall. Ocean Beach. Semele rupium, Sowerby. La Jolla. Septifer bifurcatus, Conrad. La Jolla. Tapes staminea, Conrad. La Jolla. Tellina bodegensis, Hinds. La Jolla. Terebratalia transversa, Sowerby, var. caurina, Gould. Ocean Beach. Tivela crassatelloides, Conrad. Mouth of the Colorado River and also on the Pacific. Fresh specimens of this species were found near Tucson, where they had probably been brought by Indians who use marine shells in some of their religious rites. Tresus nuttallii, Conrad. Ocean Beach. Turritella goniostoma, Valenciennes. Ensenada. It may be noted that marine shells in a subfossil but rather fresh condition, sometimes even containing the ligament, occur toward the edge of the lowlands until the ranges east of Tucson, Arizona, are reached. These are probably Post-Pliocene and evidences of the east- ward extension of the sea, which, at a comparatively recent geological epoch, almost insulated Mexico from the continent north of it. A discus- sion of the points involved has been omitted, as they will be discussed by Dr. Mearns in his report on the natural history work. Among the species recognized were Solenosteira pallida, Broderip, Polynices (Neve- rita) recluziana, Reeve, Mulinia coloradoensis, Dall, and Tivela crassa- telloides, Conrad. EXPLANATION OF PLATES.! PLATE) XOX. Fic. 1. Holospira (Haplostemma) mearnsii, Dall; 14.5 mm.; with profile of aperture; p. 390. 2. Holospira (Metastoma) crossei, Dall; 11 mm.; with profile of aperture; p. 348. 3. Holospira (Distomospira) bilamellata, Dall; 20.5 mm.; profile of aperture; p. 349. 4. Holospira (Metastoma) pasonis, Dall; 23 mm.; p. 348. 5. The same in profile. 6. Jaw of Bulimulus (Leptobyrsus) artemesia, Binney; greatly magnified; from camera lucida drawing by W. H. Dall; pp. 360, 362. 7. Epiphragmophora hachitana, Dall; front view of a rather depressed speci- men; 26.5 mm.; p. 339. 8. Jaw of Bulimulus (Plicolumna) ramentosus, Cooper; greatly magnified; from a camera lucida sketch by W. H. Dall; p. 368. 9. Bythinella palomasensis, Pilsbry; 2.75 mm.; p. 369. 10. Epiphragmophora hachitana, Dall; basal view; major diameter, 26.5 mm. ; p. 339, 11. ELpiphragmophora arizonensis, Dall; front view; 17 mm.; p. 337. 12. The same, basal view. ‘The actual length in millimeters of the specimen figured follows the reference in each case. ‘No. 1111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 379 Fie. 1. 10D Oe oO IPT AH SexONGll, . Inside view of right valve of Unio mitchelli, Simpson; 54 mm. long; p. 371. . Dorsal view of the same. . External view of left valve. . Anodonia dejecta, Lewis; dorsal view of specimen, 75 mm. long; p. 372. . The same, side view. . Bulimulus artemesia, W.G. Binney; a large worn specimen, not showing spiral 5? sculpture; 31 mm. long; p. 360. . Polygyra mearnsii, Dall; front view; 13 mm.; p. 343. . The same from above. . Polygyra chiricahuana, Dall; front view, 18mm.; p. 341. . The same from above. . Polygyra mearnsii; basal view; p. 348. . Polygyra chiricahuana, Dall; basal view, p. 341. IPRATH XOXO: Coelocentrum pfefferi, Dall; 43 mm.; p. 352. . Coelocentrum pfefferi, Dall; view of base, same enlargement; p. 352. . Nassa mendica, Gould; slender southern form; No, 46634, U.S.N.M.; p. 377; compare fig. 9. . Streptostyla nebulosa, Dall; 22 mm.; p. 364. . Coelocentrum nelsoni, Dall; 53 mm.; p. 352. . Coelocentrum nelsoni, Dall; view of the base, same enlargement; p. 352. . Anisospira strebeli, Dall; showing adult decollate shell, with the portion of the spire which is dropped; 29 and 21 mm.; _p. 353. . Anisospira strebeli, Dall; view of base, same enlargement; p.-353. . Nassa mendica, Gould, var. cooperi Forbes, a strongly ribbed form; No. 46636, U.S.N.M.; p. 377. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. XXXI SHELLS OF THE MEXICAN BOUNDARY. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 378. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. XXXII SHELLS OF THE MEXICAN BOUNDARY. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 379. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX SHELLS OF THE MEXICAN BOUNDARY. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 379. PL. XXXII Wee | err w Ta Fe ee sy NOTES ON FISHES COLLECTED IN KAMCHATKA AND JAPAN BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER AND NICOLAI A. GREBNITSKI, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW BLENNY. By TARLETON H. BEAN, M. D., M.S., Honorary Curator of the Department of Fishes, and 3ARTON A. BEAN, Assistant Curator of the Department of Fishes. THE Kamehatkan fishes mentioned in this article were obtained in the fall of 1883. A small collection was secured by Mr. Grebnitski at Yesso, Japan, in 1894, and one of these species is here described as new to science and as a representative of a new genus. For purposes of comparison reference is also made to a specimen of Lumpenus medius from Plover Bay, Siberia, collected by Dall and Bean in 1880 and mentioned in the published account of their fishes under the name Lumpenus fabricti. Attention is called to the close similarity of Cottus taniopterus, Kner, with C. platycephalus, Pallas; it is possible that the two are identical. The Lumpenus fabricii of Kroyer appears to agree fully with the L. angwillaris of Pallas. It may be found, as suggested in this paper, that Mwranoides maxillaris, Bean, is identical with MW. tenia, Pallas. Another interesting fact shown by this collection is the great vari- ability in the number of dorsal spines in Opisthocentrus ; and the rede- seription of the white-spotted Salvelinus of Kamchatka will be welcome to students of the Salmonide. CLUPEA PALLASII, Cuvier & Valenciennes. No. 33812, U.S.N.M. (2613). Petropaulski, September 24, 1883; L. Stejneger. From the inner harbor. No. 38994, U.S.N.M. Avatcha Bay, Kamchatka, September, 1883; N. Grebnitski. One example. No. 38995, U.S.N.M. Avatcha Bay, September, 1883; N. Grebnitski. Two specimens. PROCEEDINGS U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XIX—No, 1112. 381 382 FISHES OF KAMCHATKA AND JAPAN—BEAN § BEAN. vow. x1x. ee a a i a a ar rae ee SALVELINUS LEUCOMZENIS (Pallas). No. 33814, U.S.N.M. (2612). Petropaulski, September 24, 1883; L. Stejneger. This species has the hyoids feebly developed. Similar in form to S. malma, but with a less elongate and stouter body. The length of 7 the head is about equal to the height of the body, and is contained 43 to 43 times in the total length without caudal. The eye is two- thirds as long as the snout; it equals about one-half the width of interorbital space, and is contained 54 times in the length of the head. The maxilla extends to or beyond the vertical through the hind margin of the orbit, the upper jaw being nearly one-half as long as the head. Lower jaw slightly shorter than the upper. Seales small, about 36 in a transverse series from the origin of the dorsal to the lateral line : 195 rows in the lateral line, 122 of which bear pores. All the fins short; dorsal nearly midway between tip of snout and root of upper caudal lobe, its base nearly as long as longest ray, half as long as the head; its upper margin very slightly concave; last ray one-half as long as the longest. The adipose fin is placed over the end of the anal, its width about equal to one-half its length, which is about equal to the length of the eye. The length of the pectoral is con- tained from 7 to 74 times in the total without caudal. The ventral is placed under the middle of the dorsal; it does not nearly reach to the vent; its length is about one-half that of the head. Ventral appendage minute in some specimens, in others nearly as long as the eye. The caudal is emarginate, its middle rays, measured from the end of the scales, one-half as long as the outer. The anal is Searcely concave when expanded. Pyloric ceca 22; branchiostegals 12. Gill-rakers 6+10, the longest less than one-half length of eye. Color bluish gray above, whitish below; the sides with numerous large white spots, some of which are two-thirds as long as the eye. Four individuals were obtained in the inner harbor by Dr. Stejneger among the herrings. He says it is called Kundscha. No. 38998, U.S.N.M., is a specimen 9 inches long, collected at Petro- paulski in September, 1883, by N. Grebnitski, who says it is called Chaiko. ONCORHYNCHUS CHOUICHA (Walbaum), Jordan and Gilbert. A skin preserved in salt was in the collection of Dr. Stejneger. From Petropaulski. ONCORHYNCHUS KETA (Walbaum), Gill and Jordan. No. 33804, U.S.N.M. (2625). Saranna, Kamchatka, September, 1883; L. Stejneger. Spent female. No. 1112. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1988 ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH (Walbaum), Jordan and Gilbert. No. 33815, U.S.N.M. (2611). Petropauiski, September 24, 1883; L. Stejneger. Four specimens, 54 to 6 inches long. Anal rays devel- oped, 13-14; branchiostegals 12-13; pyloric ceca 66.‘ Miakischa, inner harbor, among the herrings.”—(Stejneger. ) HYPOMESUS OLIDUS (Pallas), Ginther. No. 33809, U.S.N.M. (2617). Petropaulski, Kamchatka, September 24, 1883; L. Stejneger. D.10; A.i, 14; scales 62. No. 38977, U.S.N.M. Petropaulski, August, 1883; N. Grebnitski. OSMERUS DENTEX, Steindachner, No: 33808, U.S.N.M. (2617). Petropaulski, September 24, 1883; L. Stejneger. No. 33874, U.S.N.M. (2705). Avatcha Bay, September 27, 1883; L. Stejneger. Young. D.11; A.i, 15; P. 14; V.8; scales 68. Length of specimen, 12 inches, No. 38996, U.S.N.M. Petropaulski, August, 1883; N. Grebnitski. Three examples. HEXAGRAMMUS ASPER, Steller. No. 38991, U.S.N.M. Petropaulski, August, 1883; N. Grebnitski. D. XXIII, 21; A. 24; scales 103. No. 33857, U.S.N.M. (2586). Petropaulski, September 17, 1883; L. Stejneger. Three young individuals ranging from 96 to 115 mm. in length. D. XX, 21; A. 24; scales 103 in the largest. D. XXII, 22 in another. The upper lateral line ends under the middle of the spinous dorsal in all. No. 33811, U.S.N.M. (2618). Petropaulski, September 24, 1883; L. Stejneger. No. 47557, U.S.N. M. Petropaulski; L. Stejneger. One young exain. ple, 32 inches long. HEXAGRAMMUS DECAGRAMMUS, Pallas. No. 38993, U.S.N.M. Petropaulski; N.Grebnitski. D.XXI, 24; A. 23; scales 109. HEXAGRAMMUS ORDINATUS, Cope. No. 33866, U.S.N.M. (2585). Petropaulski, September 17, 1883; L. Stejneger. Length of the specimen, 87 mm.; D. XIX, 26; A. 25; lateral line 95. The lateral line, which begins at the throat and ends at the origin of the ventral, sends a branch on each side obliquely upward, ending usually under the middle of the pectoral. Although this branch is variable in length, it is one of the characteristics of the species. The anal has seven and the ventral two black cross bands; a black blotch somewhat 384 FISHES OF KAMCHATKA AND JAPAN—BEAN § BEAN. vou. x1x. larger than the pupil a little above the base of the pectoral, just below — the lateral line. No. 33854, U.S.N.M. (2704). Avatcha Bay, September 27, 1883; L. Stejneger. Two young specimens, 69 and 73 mm. long. The larger one of these has, in addition to the short branch running up toward the pectoral, a short line immediately in front of the ventral origin not extending as far forward as the one on the middle line of the throat. The smaller example is normal, except that the line on the ridge of the throat is not continued forward far from the origin of the ventral. Philo ao te 4 | COTTUS PLATYCEPHALUS, Pallas. ! ' | No. 38982, U.S.N.M. Petropaulski, September, 1883; N. Grebnitski. D. LX, 16; A. 13. Vomerine patch of teeth greatly developed. COTTUS TANIOPTERUS, Kner. No. 47558, U.S.N.M. Petropaulski, Kamchatka; L. Stejneger. Length, 38 inches. Eye nearly equal to snout, 42 in head. Head - two-fifths of length without caudal. Interorbital space about two- thirds eye. Pectoral reaches to anal origin; the ventral nearly to vent. The longest preopercular spine is a little longer thaneye. The maxilla reaches nearly to the hind margin of the eye. D. VIII, 15; A. 13; lateral pores, 37. Cottus teniopterus should be carefully compared with C. platycephalus, Pallas; the two are closely related and may prove to be identical. COTTUS NIGER, Bean. No. 33844, U.S.N.M. (2589). Petropaulski, September 17, 1883; L. Stejneger. No. 33879, U.S.N.M. (2590). Petropaulski, September 17, 1883; L. Stejneger. D. 1X, 15; A. 11. COTTUS POLYACANTHOCEPHALUS, Pallas. No. 33816, U.S.N.M. (2616). Petropaulski, September 24, 1883; L. Stejneger. ENOPHRYS DICERAUS (Pallas), Jordan and Gilbert. No. 33817, U.S.N.M. (2614). Petropaulski, September 24, 1883; L. Stejneger. No, 33852, U.S.N.M. (2686). Avatcha Bay, Kamchatka, September 27,1883; L. Stejneger. An individual 3incheslong. D.VIII,12; A. 11. No. 38978, U.S.N.M. Petropaulski, August, 1883; N.Grebnitski. A male in breeding dress; the anal papilla much enlarged. GYMNACANTHUS PISTILLIGER (Pallas), Gill. No. 33807, U.S.N.M. (2615). Petropaulski, September 24, 1883; L. Stejneger. From the inner harbor. 1? = C, decastrensis, Kner. : No. 1112. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 385 LIPARIS GIBBA, Bean. No. 38974, U.S.N.M. Petropaulski, September, 1883; N. Grebnitski. Length of specimen, 8+ inches. D, 46; A. 36. The width of the mouth over the extremity of the maxillaries slightly exceeds the length of the eye and snout combined, and is considerably more than one-half length of head. The eye is one-half as long as the snout, equaling one-sixth length of head, and nearly one-half inter- orbital space. The maxilla extends almost to the vertical through the front margin of the eye. The teeth are in very broad bands in the jaws; blunt conical. The depth of the gill opening is contained 2% times in length of head; the distance between the lower ends of the gill opening equals the length of the head without the snout. The front margin of the ven- tral disk is almost directly beneath the hind margin of the eye. The width of the disk equals its length, which is nearly equal to the post- orbital length of the head. Thirteen papille form an outer circle around nine smaller papille, which are in the center of the disk. Each of the papillie of the outer row has a brown spot in the center, except the anterior one which has two of these spots. The lower portion of the pectoral is procurrent on each side, the two portions separated at their origin by a very narrow interspace only about half the length of eye. The pectoral, when extended, reaches almost to the origin of the anal; it is very large, the width of its base equaling the length of the head without snout. The longest pectoral ray is about three-fourths as long as the head. The distance of the dorsal origin from the tip of the snout is contained 34 times in the total length without caudal. The greatest depth of the body, at the pectorals, is almost equal to the length of the head and slightly exceeds one-fourth of the total length without caudal. The caudal is connate with the dorsal and anal; its length equals that of the head without the snout, and slightly more than one- sixth of the standard body length. The color in spirits is grayish, much mottled with large, pale areas. The same peculiarities of marking are found on the pectorals. The fish may have been purplish in life. It was taken from a depth of 18 fathoms. BRACHYOPSIS ROSTRATUS (Tilesius), Gill. No. 47569, U.S.N.M. Yesso, Japan; N. Grebnitski. Measurements of Brachyopsis rostratus. Inches. ek Inches. || | | | Length of specimen...-....--. Sia | MEY Oterecisteareteiatalalniataicvelsisiarsicies o.<1='< 0335 Length otcheads east sss se 1? || Interorbital space ......-...--- | 08; | Length ofesnoutieee see eee ce 04 || Maxilla length ---.........--.. 03; Body depth as seaessmeeeeeccs 08 || Pectoral length..-..........--. | Bey || | IBodyswid bhvese oes ascent Oss Wentrablensth\-. anc ccs. sencce 03 Pree. N. M.- SA REX 25 386 FISHES OF KAMCHATKA AND JAPAN—BEAN § BEAN. vou. xtx.— First dorsal from snout, 22 inches; anal from snout, 34 inches. The mandible extends to below middle ot eye. D. VIII, 8; A. 13; lateral line, 42. SIPHAGONUS BARBATUS, Steindachner. Siphagonus barbatus, STEINDACHNER, Ich. Beitr., V, 1876, p. 140. No. 33858, U.S.N.M. (2587). Petropaulski, Kamchatka, Septemper 17, 1883; L. Stejneger. No. 38977, U.S.N.M. Petropaulski, August, 1883; N. Grebnitski; sixteen specimens. LUMPENUS ANGUILLARIS (Pallas), Gill. No. 38959, U.S.N.M. Petropaulski, September. 1883; N. Grebnitski; one specimen; length, 105 mm. D.LXVI; A.45; V.1,3. No teeth on vomer; palatines apparently present, but doubtfully made out. The head is contained 53, the depth 10 times, in length to base of caudal. The eye is placed high; its long diameter is equal to the length of the snout and one-fourth the length of head. The lower jaw is distinctly shorter than the upper. Mouth small and narrow; the maxilla reaches to below the front of the eye. The interorbital space is very narrow, scarcely two-thirds as long as the eye. The pectoral fin is nearly as long as the head, reaching to below the thirteenth spine of the dorsal. Ventral very slender, two-fifths as long as head. The vent is under the twenty-third spine of the dorsal, much nearer the tip of the snout than the base of the tail. The caudal is long and tapering, nearly as long as the head without the snout. The dorsal and anal fins are low; the anterior spines of the dorsal gradu- ated, the longest spine one-third length of head. The anal fin is not quite so high as the dorsal. The gill-rakers are short and stout, less than half as long as the eye, 12 below the angle on the first arch. There are about 206 rows of scales on the body. In spirits the ground color is pale olive-brown. The body is profusely mottled with irregular dusky mottlings, most distinct along the middle line and close to the ridge of the back. The caudal fin is also mottled in its anterior half. The pectorals, ventrals, and anal are pale. Another example, No. 27575, U.S.N.M., collected in Plover Bay, Sibe- ria, by Capt. E. P. Herendeen, is 132 min. long and has the dorsal LXIIT; A. 1,40; V. 1,3. In this example the mottlings are absent from the dorsal fin, but otherwise the color is similar to that of the specimen above described. The palatine teeth are very weak and easily rubbed off, but can be determined with certainty. The lower jaw is included as in the other specimen. Branchiostegals, 6. The gill membranes are united at the isthmus without free posterior border; the angle is very deep, so that the distance from its apex to the root of the ventrals equals two- fifths the length of the head. The spinous dorsal begins immediately ae | | = ‘= 3 no.1112. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 387 _ over the posterior edge of the opercular flap, and the first six or seven rays are regularly graduated, the first being much shorter than the pupil. The eye is as long as the snout and nearly one-fourth as long as the head. The interorbital space is very narrow, less than one-half the diameter of the eye. The vent is under the twenty-third spine of the dorsal. The Lumpenus fabricii of Gaimard' is represented with dorsal LXIV ; A.I,41. It agrees in every respect, as far as we can make out, with the examples of L. anguillaris, above described. Its long, tapering caudal is perfectly distinct from the dorsal and anal. Mouth small, lower jaw short, six branchiostegals, the spinous dorsal beginning over the upper angle of the gill opening, and other characters possessed by anguillaris are present. The anterior spines of the dorsal are regu- larly graduated. The vent is under the twenty-first dorsal spine. Color exactly as in the preceding. LUMPENUS MEDIUS (Reinhardt), Kréyer. No. 27544, U.S.N.M. Plover Bay, Siberia, August 13, 1880; Dall and Bean. Two specimens, 100 to 138 mm. long. These were at first referred to Lumpenus fabricii, but we are now sat- isfied that the specimens do not belong to that species, but to L. medius. The length of the larger specimen is 133 mm., of which the caudal fin equals 15 mm. The smaller example is 100 mm. long, the caudal meas- uring 11 mm. The caudal is long and moderately tapering, and is con- nate with the dorsal and anal. The jaws are equal, the maxilla extending to below the front margin of the eye. Teeth in the jaws in two rows, rather wide set, uniform in size; the teeth of the outer row of the upper jaw are larger than those of the inner row; the outer row of the lower jaw ison the lips. Noteeth on the vomer; a few weak palatine teeth. Gill membranes very deeply cleft and attached to the isthmus, the distance between their point of attachment and the root of the ventral equaling one-half the length of the head. Eye large, slightly longer than snout, 34 in head. Interorbital space narrow, convex, less than one-half the diameter of the eye. Lips well developed. The ventral fins originate in front of the pectoral base; they are short and slender, scarcely longer than the eye. Gill-rakers very short; 17 on the first arch. Pectorals long, with a broad base, their length nearly equal to that of the head without the snout. Width of pectoral base equals length of eye; when extended this fin reaches to below the eleventh spine of the dorsal. The vent is under the twentieth Spine of the dorsal. The dorsal origin is almost directly over the top of the base of the pectoral. The anterior spines of the dorsal areregularly graduated up to about the seventh, the first spine being one-half as long as the eye, the longest spine as long as the eye. The longest anal rays equal the length of the eye. The length of the head is 1 Voy. en Seandinavie, pl. xrv, fig. 1. 388 . FISHES OF KAMCHATKA AND JAPAN—BEAN § BEAN. vot. xix. 9 contained 54 times in the total length to caudal base; the greatest depth of the body is nearly one-ninth of the same length, in this respect differing greatly from L. anguillaris. In spirits the body is uniformly pale olivaceous. There are no traces of mottlings anywhere. The fins are all pale. About 26 rows of scales can be counted obliquely upward and for- ward from the origin of the anal to the base of the dorsal, and about 50 rows between the upper angle of the gill opening and the vertical from the vent. In the smaller specimen there are about 47 rows. ANOPLARCHUS ALECTROLOPHUS (Pallas), No. 38960, U.S.N.M. Petropaulski, September, 1883; N. Grebnitski. This lot contains seven specimens, varying in length from 88 to 105 | mm. The crest on the head of most of the individuals is remarkably well developed, while in one or two it is very much smaller. In two of © the examples the caudal is well united with the dorsal and anal. | D. LXIV; A. 44. . In the example measuring 105 mm. the crest on the head is very low. — D. LXIII; A. 45. This appears to be a female. One of the large | specimens with a high crest is a male with the spermaries moderately developed. PHOLIS TAENIA (Pallas). Blennius tenia, PALLAS, Zoog. Ross.-Asiat., III, p. 178. ? Murenoides maxillaris, BEAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., IV, 1882, p. 147. B. aculeis jugularibus, corpore longissimo fasciato, cauda subdistincta. Hune sub eodem nomine ex insulis Curilorum missum accepi quondam. Descr.—Spithamalis, forma Txenie, maxilla dentibus osseis subdis- tinetis obtusiusculis. Caput compressum opereulis planis, subtriangu- laribus; membrana branchiostega quadriradiata. Corpus ensiforme, squamulis minimis, cuti innatis sparsum. Anus in medio longitudinis. Pinna dorsalis ab ipso capite ad caudam, radiis osseis, intra cutem spinescentibus 87 subequalibus. P. ani radiis 47 apice mollioribus, flexis, ab ano itidem ad caudam. Cauda subdistincta. P. pectorales parvie, et loco ventralium spins duo ossew recurvate, Communi Ossi- — culo fultw, jugulares, sub ipsis p. pectoralibus. (Pallas.) A specimen, No. 38966, U.S.N.M., was collected at Petropaulski in August, 1883, by N. Grebnitski. It is 165 mm.long. D. LXXXIX; A. II, 44. The height of the body is contained eight times in the total without caudal, the length of the head nine times. The eye is one-fifth as long as the head. The maxilla is one-fourth as long as the head and extends to below the front of the pupil. The mouth is very oblique. The mandible is two-fifths as long as the head. Pectoral nearly one- half length of head. Ventral small, two-thirds length of eye. The distance of the dorsal origin from tip of snout equals length of BO Bete od » No. 1112. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 389 head. The vent is under the forty-second dorsal spine. The caudal contains 17 or 18 rays, and is connate with the dorsal and anal fins. A narrow, dark band from each eye around the throat, continued on the interorbital space by narrower dark lines inclosing a diamond- shaped pale area between the eyes. Pale bands in front of and behind the eye continued over the top of the head, the hinder one as broad as the eye in its widest portion and bounded behind by a narrow, dark line. Fourteen or 15 broad, dark bands on the sides alternating with saddle-shaped markings on the back and dorsal fin, the widest bands nearly one-half length of head. The markings become indistinct posteriorly. The type of Muranoides maxillaris was destroyed in 1883, and the published description is now the only means of comparison with M. tenia. The differences observed are too important to be passed over without notice. The length of the maxilla in M. mavillaris equals one- half the distance from the tip of the snout to the dorsal origin (one- third in tenia); the mandible is as long as the pectoral in marillaris (about two-thirds as long in tenia). It may be found that a series of specimens from St. Paul Island will establish the identity of maxrillaris with tenia. A smaller example, No. 38967, U.S.N.M., was obtained by N. Greb- nitski at Petropaulski, in September, 1883. Length,74 mm. This has alternating dark and light bands on the sides, about 18 to 20 of each. The tops of some of the light bands on the dorsal fin inclose a brown blotch as in mavillaris. D. UXXXVIIL; A. UH, 44. PHOLIS RUBERRIMUS (Cuvie and Valenciennes). No. 47568, U.S.N.M. Five specimens. Yesso, Japan, July, 1894; N. Grebnitski. D.92; A. 50 (the largest). Length from 5 to 8 inches. These are from Voleano Bay, Port Mororan. The pink color is not fixed, but comes off upon the hands and the muslin wrappings. PHOLIS NEBULOSUS (Schlegel). No. 47566, U.S.N.M. (47567). Yesso, Japan; N. Grebnitski. D. LXIT; A. Il, 42 (?). Length, 63 to 73 inches. PHOLIDAPUS, new genus. (Plate XXXIV-) Body and tail as in Pholis, but shorter and deeper; head small, com- pressed, naked, provided with numerous mucous pores; anterior nos- trils narrow slits, posterior nostrils tubular; mouth small, oblique; intermaxillary teeth in two rows, blunt conical, the last. one on each side of the outer row enlarged, canine like; mandibulary teeth conical, moderately sharp-pointed, uniserial; no teeth on vomer or palate; upper 39() FISHES OF KAMCHATKA AND JAPAN—BEAN & BEAN. vou. x15. jaw very slightly protractile. Gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus. Seales very small, cycloid, with concentric strive; no lateral line. Dorsal fin as in Pholis, beginning over the end of the head; anallong and low, composed of two very slender, short spines, and many rays; caudal rather long and rounded, barely separate from dorsal and anal; pectorals moderate, on a broad base; no ventrals. Intestinal canal slender and short, with a few pyloric ceca of unequal size. PHOLIDAPUS GREBNITSKII, new species. CPlate oxox.) This Xiphidiine blenny strongly resembles some species of Pholis, but the body is deeper and shorter, and the ventrals are wanting. The species is based upon two individuals, No, 47564, U.S.N.M., from Yesso, Japan, where they were obtained by Mr. N. Grebnitski. The specimens are 141 mm. long, including caudal; 126 mm. to base of caudal. The head (22 mm.) is equal to the greatest depth of body. The eye is slightly longer than the snout and one-fourth as long as the head. The interorbital space is narrow, two-thirds of the length of the eye. The naked head resembles that of Pholis; its length is contained about 54 times in total length without the caudal. The mouth is small and very oblique; the mandible is slightly included and has a well- developed lip. The maxilla is partly concealed under the preorbital bone; it does not quite reach to below the anterior margin of the pupil. The anterior nostril is midway between the eye and the tip of the inter- maxilla. Seven mucous pores around the orbit; three on the preorbital bone. The pore in the origin of the semicircular dark band around the nape is continued backward by a series of 6 similar ones ending near the upper angle of the gill opening. 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[eae | AP eA E SRY EE et ta x APRONS oe cee ee Oe cee oe ae oo mea cbacinl sess balecccwalcweces Peeticls| ce ceer|boetise llnaeise x AO COANOUTOMAscac= seecee nese cs oe weee serecees| eee ce|Secaec| aces oe [emacs | Neckion| cece eisecile x BE mETOCE DARL Are ete ais eae oso neler waea ce tone ae Sels Seas semeisls | Bets te es stomsnlracses x SOMO CEANILGS Se een eee eRe nee orem eee eas bean aa seemcel| se sce seimieic| coeliac |aomserfercaacie x HEMOpheniscusssssees sete ee cseesce cmon ec ee denecs tel see sas xanll Geese? (eee lees eee eee ee Summarygesspocssc eee cece oecoeceee cen nee see: raw 1 | 6 | 6 | 6.) 2680 464 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, Vou. x1x. SUMMARY. Num- Per cent Groups of genera. ber of | of whole genera. number PAG MOl CON GEA akme meet asa ie ce as Sennen = aaa ere teats aa io eee ae ee 6? 1%. 04 PADS R LI GLO TACT Bh = atm eer hw em em le mca eng 1 2.17 APO RER CHO E> NEN CQIESM om lentes om pam nd can ee cg ol nae ae 1 2. 17 Gienecs Peculiar LON OL UIA MOLI CA clare eee eile aaa ee ae 1 2 Geeneraof wider peneral range: . 22) os se e- se ee co eeeen aon nee eee ee ee | 30 65, 22 Genera common to Central America, West Indies, and North America......-.-..--. | 1 2.17 Genera common to South America, Central America, West Indies, and North AION IGE. clas ct ee sic acre + 2 bc iete. dare mesa aera ate wie ee etic ete ge tee le es Gn a tere 4 8.70 Genera common to Central America and South America .......-..-..---..--.------ 1 ora Genera common to South America and West Indies...........-..--.--------------- 1 Oe Motall os. < cos sseos oh ceme sacks tees cena bade cee se seca oes eee ee a saee eee 46:2 2-3 ees Taking into consideration, however, ouly those genera which have species breeding (or presumably breeding) in the Galapagos Archi- pelago (whether peculiar or not), the result is slightly different, as the following will show: Nae Per cent - : S ‘ PW 4 Groups of genera. | ber of ore renera. = Boor breeding. BCU Ary CNEL Ae aoe ae = mn aint alalelsinaleinla Ia sletale niet siatal etait tala ee eyelet 6 15.8 DASE N fish N: 6 GLC OTA OME ear te em fe rm et ee eee 1 2.6 RCI C Oo ONOna,. so. 22 se ssa eons eee eee nae ee ae ee oe eee ae 1? 2.6 Genera common to Central America, West Indie 28, and North America -.-.---.-...- 1 2.6 Genera common to South America, Central Americ a, West Indies, and North FASO TCO = See RS ec ee a cae ees TS ei en te rat es Sc nt ee Sac Sn 4 10.5 Genera common to ( entral America and South America. .-..-...-.----.---.--------- 1 2.6 Genera common to South America and the West Indies---.-..------.--------------- 1 2.6 Genera Of Wide iany Osc. soma esse eat seis eer ee eee eee ete ee eee ee eee 23? 69.5 PING St he see ate ee SO ere eee ine lta ease eee ee etek ie een eee ede ee Se | ae eae | Restricting Lhe comparison still further by eliminating all the genera of wide range, we are able to get a more definite idea of the relation- ships of the Galapagoan avifauna. Thus limited to American types, its composition appears to be as follows: ae we cent ber of of whole |) genera. number. PACH S ONOL A ease eect me eee eee ate ene ate ee ate lel ee 6 | 46,15 Genera common to Central America, the West Indies, and North America......... | 1 7.69 Genera common to South America, Central America, the West Indies and North BATTTT OTE) OSMe ors eres oC wae Scie ee oe ls ar ec le eg ee ay wenn etnias ale ae | 4 30.77 Genera common to Central America and South America..-.....--------------------- 1 7. 69 Genera common to South America and the West Indies ...-....--.----------------- 1 7.69 Oba oss 28 Acros See eon on en cae Seen es ee ciniee cs Sore ae nt. Siena wine eee ae 13.) 3258 eee ‘Lhe foregoing analysis shows that a study of the genera alone will not enable us to decide whether the nonpecular portion of the Gala- pagoan avifauna is most nearly related to that of the adjacent main- land of South America or that of lower Central America or the West 4 No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 465 Indies. The species themselves (those peculiar to the group being of course excluded) afford better evidence. Colom | rake bian | a! lle Names of species. aCeos Isthmus | reese Coast of sland. | north of | Ladies. Eeuador. Panama. | | (ES Dondroien gure lasses =a ahem cite as wala nia ela lainler==1= x x PC OCGYZUS MelINOCOL\pOUS!. 22. - cone see see oe | x Dee POMAhArAg Mil My. see ees ai) ee cles weet raster ch ae x x Ae SULA CVADOPS > mc cias eae n= cin = oe aes Sete See ace seein = a= atee elem | x? x ? DSU AMO DOU ne a seen orca eee ie ace ec A Sateen stays egeectal = eeeycevoree Rite wtlsecc pate x Gea SWAN ROWS LORIE ore oe ee tats ee sista es om rel pe tee toe AEs o ee sett Shot Wil Stjee oe ees eee (eR S LENDS Cet 00 Teese ce epee iets reali irene tanita raat eer x? x : See hASwhOMeUNERCUS ss o.5 2 ee eee ieee tee cae Gaeta ciewia aceite | eit elaerct : x t OlPA TU ea OnOG Aste cee sie aes yo oe os os cea iemasstine nico a H sacapsyaie see aie x x lO peierodiaslegnettalies ee sta ce ene selec ses aban aaa. | erases x x x is, SARC RACE val) GSE 2s soe sens SSB aeenee sa ooo seaoaeeaaee [eeeeets a= x X, 9 Wesciweee Wah cenicopteLus LUDeI 2 s- pose neal aeisia ese eerste eee 5 | cision oa H xe) | soe ee resem CMU LUCA AR eR iL Aiea eo am ae ep aa wala apa ete eymininre mninlte|| me, Paine ht | x x x PARSE mantopus Me XI CANUS essence a =o sae a ae slo einai mara ayele ieee x x : PUL 2s gee eaters ease see rise ery eereeter selec | 1 10? 11 6? Were the above figures correct, they would poimt very decidedly to a Central American and West Indian origin for the nonpeculiar resi- dent birds of the Galapagos, but unfortunately there are so many interrogation points, indicating doubt in regard to the range of the species, that they can only be accepted as approximately accurate. Dendroica aureola, for example, is said to occur at least as far north along the coast of Colombia as Gorgona Island, and may extend as far as the isthmus, if not farther. Turning now our attention to the six peculiar genera of Galapagos birds, the question of their relationships may be briefly discussed as follows: (1) Nesomimus. This has evidently been derived from Mimus (or at least from the same stock), a genus found throughout Central America, the West Indies, and South America, the Galapagos forms being at least as nearly related to the larger West Indian species (J/. hillii, March) as to any other, and far more nearly than to the single Ecua- dorean species (J. longicaudatus, Tschudi).! (2) Certhidea. This genus was formerly placed among the Coerebida, but more recently has been transferred to the Mniotiltide.2 It has no very near relative among the known continental or West Indian birds, but in general appearance is very much like a smaller ‘“‘ edition” of the Hawalian genus Oreomyza, belonging to the chiefly Polynesian family Dicwide. 1M. longicaudatus has, like the North American M. polyglottos and allied forms of the Greater Antilles, a white wing-speculum; the Galapagos species of Nesomimus, the Central American Mimus gilvus (Vieillot), MW. hillii, and the species of eastern and southern South America have not, except MV. triurus (Vieillot), which stands quite apart from other species by reason of its unique wing-pattern. 2Lucas, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, pp. 309-311. Proce. N. M. vol. xix 30 466 (3) Geospiza. This heteromorphie genus is of very uncertain rela- tionship. Some of the species resemble somewhat the Central Ameri- can genus Cyanoloxia,! but perhaps still more the West Indian genus Melanospiza,? no other American Fringillid being enough like Geospiza to suggest even distant kinship, unless it be the Central American and South American genus Oryzoborus, which, superficially at least, recalls such Geospize as G. magnirostris, G. pachyrhyncha, and G, strenua in the excessive shortness and thickness of the beak. The more slender-billed species (formerly separated under the generic name Cactornis) have no continental or West Indian prototype The only form closely resembling them is the genus Cocornis, peculiar to Cocos Island, which is essentially a small, slender-billed *‘ Cactornis” with exactly the same sexual and seasonal differences of plumage as the species of ‘ Cactornis” and Geo- spiza. It is a singular and most suggestive circumstance that the peculiar departure from the normal fringilline type, begun in the thicker- billed “‘Cactorni” and carried, through a nicely graded transition, to its extreme development in Cocornis, should be in the direction of the Hawaiian family mentioned under the head of Certhidea.° (4) Camarhynchus. This is another heteromorphic genus, whose variations of structure exactly parallel those of Geospiza, the longest- billed species (C. pallidus) having been originally referred to “‘ Cactornis.” I have been unable to find a continental or West Indian genus that could be of common origin with it, unless it be the West Indian genus Pyrrhulagra. Certainly the western Peruvian genus Neorhynchus, the only one which has been mentioned as possibly related,’ is not its prototype. Certain Hawaiian genera, by some writers referred to the Fringillide and by others considered to be thick-billed Diczide, although very different from Camarhynchus in coloration, strongly sug- BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, VOU. xx. 1 Cyanoloxia, Bonaparte, Conspectus Avium, I, Aug. 15, 1850, p. 502. Type, by elimination, Coccoborus cyanoides, Lafresnaye. 2 Melanospiza, Ridgway, new genus. Type, Lovigilla richardsoni, Cory. Generic characters. —Similar to Geospiza, Gould (size of type intermediate between G. fortis and G. fuliginosa), but tail relatively much longer and wing much more rounded (first quill shorter than seventh); mandible relatively broader basally (basal width considerably exceeding length of gonys); culmen quite straight, and man- dibular rami much narrower. Coloration: Adult male wholly deep black, except legs and feet, which are brownish white. (Female and young unknown.) 8This genus Cocornis may possibly furnish the key to the derivation of the family Coerebidie, since it shows unquestionable resemblance iu form to the chiefly West Indian genus Coereba (= Certhiola, Sundevall). The close resemblance between the adult male of Cocornis and the adult (the sexes being alike) of Coereba atrata is indeed remarkable, so much so that there can be no doubt, in my mind, that the similarity is something more than merely accidental. That Cocornis belongs on the fringilline side of the line, however, is proven by the fact that while the adult male is wholly uniform black the adult female and the young male are varied with olive and rusty above, while their under parts are conspicuously streaked with dusky on a yellowish ground—exactly like the species of Geospiza; the sexes of Coereba, on the other hand, being alike, and neither the adult nor young streaked beneath. 4Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc, Lond., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p, 488. No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ' MUSEUM. A67 gest relationship in structural characters, the form of the bill in Lo.wi- oides, Telespiza,' and Psittirostra being not very dissimilar in character to that of some species of Camarhynchus. (5) Nesopelia. This genus is closely related to the genus Zenaida, of general Neotropical distribution. In fact, it is doubtfully distinct from the latter. To sum up: Of the five peculiar Galapagoan genera of birds, only two (Nesomimus and Nesopelia) are of evident American relationship. The remaining three have so obvious a leaning toward certain Hawaiian dicwidine forms’ that the possibility of a former land connection, either continuous or by means of intermediate islands as “ stepping stones,” becomes a factor in the problem. It may be that the resemblance of Cocornis, ‘‘ Cactornis,” and Camarhynchus to the above-mentioned Hawaiian forms is merely a superficial one, and not indicative of real relationship. I do not by any means claim, on the strength of such evidence, a common origin for them, but merely present the facts as ‘‘food for refiection.”* It will doubtless seem to some that I have gone to an undesirable if not reprehensible extreme in naming so many forms of the genera Cer- thidea, Geospiza, Camarhynchus, and Pyrocephalus. Whether such is true or not, I have certainly not been actuated by any desire to add to the number of species. On the contrary, several names, chiefly of my own, have been relegated to synonymy in consequence of what seemed to be good evidence of their untenability; and in naming new ones I have in all cases been guided by definite principles without regard to the character of the criticism which might result. Some of these new names may, when additional material has been secured, prove also to be untenable, and will then have to be “‘ degraded;” but the decision of such questions should always be a matter of evidence, never of indi- vidual opinion or prejudice; and I am sure that all who have had equal experience in the laborious and time-consuming task of dissecting and reconstructing Synonymies will bear me witness that the real promoter 1At least what I take to be Telespiza flavissima, Rothschild, but, not being able to refer tothe ‘‘ Avifauna of Laysan,” the identification is doubtful. The bird was taken on the island of Laysan by Mr. W. T. Brigham, and is No. 128455, U.S.N.M. 2Whether the genera Lowioides, Telespiza, Psittirostra, and other finchlike Hawaiian forms are true Fringillid or thick-billed Dicwide can scarcely be said to be yet satisfactorily decided. 3While the prevailing facies of the Hawaiian avifauna is unquestionably Poly- nesian, a small but by no means insignificant American element is present. How it came there has not yet been explained. Of land birds, the peculiar genus Phwornis is most like Myadestes, of America (see Stejneger, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 92, and XII, 1889, pp. 383, 354). The American Circus hudsonius occurs also in Hawaii; the Hawaiian Gallinula is barely separable from the American species, G. galeata, and the Plegadis seems to be identical with P.guarauna. The Himantopus is nearly related to H. mexicanus, and Anas wyvilliana is very similar to 4. aberti of western Mexico. Two of the Hawaiian Procellariidie, 2strelata phwopygia and Oceanodroma cryptoleucura occur also in the Galapagos! 468 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, Vou. xix. © of chaos and enemy of order is the “lumper,” and not his much ma- ligned co-worker, the “ hair-splitter.” When it isremembered that the coloration is practically if not abso- lutely the same in all of the twenty-odd forms of the genus Geospiza, it will be seen that if any segregation of species is made at all it must be based upon measurements; and when it is further seen that there is a gradual transition in size from the enormous beak of G. magnirostris to the comparatively minute one of G. parvula (see Plate LVII) and from the excessively thick one of G. pachyrhyncha (whose lateral outlines approximate an equilateral triangle) to the slender and curved one of G. scandens or the acuminate one of G. acutirostris; and that size of beak is not necessarily correlated with length of wing, tarsus, ete., the difficulty of defining the species becomes obvious. In fact, the seg- regation of definable forms would not be possible were there not a rea- sonable uniformity of measurements among specimens from one locality, it being usually the case that when a great difference in size between specimens from any one island is observed, the specimens can easily be divided imto two or more (rarely as many as seven) sets, whose meas- urements do not inosculate, the individuals whose measurements are intermediate coming from some other island. Some islands, unforta- nately, are so poorly represented by specimens that much doubt must necessarily exist respecting the forms which are found upon them. Having been perplexed by these difficulties, | have carefully weighed all doubtful cases, and whenever there seemed to be a well-defined average difference between specimens from different islands, | have not hesitated to separate them as local forms. No other course, indeed, is practicable; for were “lumping” once begun there could be no end to it, unless purely arbitrary limits were given to the species recognized, and if followed to a logical conclusion might easily end in the recogni- tion of a single variable species, equivalent in its limits to the genus. How many fairly good species there really are in the genus it is not possible for me to conjecture from the insufficient material that I have been able to examine. A considerable number of the forms recognized in this work are undoubtedly mere local races. Insular forms, how- ever, can hardly be treated in the same manner as continental ones, whose conditions of environment are so much more favorable to inter- gradation; hence | have treated alike as species all the forms that it has seemed worth while to distinguish by a separate name. Regard. ing supposed excessive individual variation in the genus Geospiza, | am unable to agree entirely with Mr. Salvin,' who has, | think, made the specific limits too wide, and thus brought together under one spe- cific name forms from different islands which are really more or less dis- tinet. Indeed I have failed to discover in the series of specimens from any one island a greater range of variation in measurements than often exists among an equal number of specimens of mainland’forms. (See under genus Geospiza, p. 508.) 'Trans. Zool. Soc. London, IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, pp. 479-484. sein se tt ae ae: | | d No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 469 LISTS OF SPECIES OF BIRDS FOUND UPON EACH ISLAND OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. In the following lists of species which have thus far been taken upon or (in the cases of sea birds) near by each island, | give, in chrono- logical order, the authorities upon which the records are based. I have not deemed it worth while to give a description of each island, this having already been done so well by Mr. Salvin' and Professor Agassiz.” List of birds ascertained to occur on Albemarle Island. [Peculiar species in italic. ] | | _ | % . A | a tales ,|¢ a 15 |& Names of species. Neil eva lrcessa es 4 tr | © aS | SS | [Cera Sa Cede ree isthe Same SL IL Ae Is Pele lamecaeeeliect all; ooh, lien diel dhes. | coal ete lees FS A to | & od a | - & o|aA sea iemlron |) ill ay lane |i ies eaeset| rey | Ppeiels| 2 |S) | 8/21 ee @|t% | 8 | ws OU ese i ian ani AJAZ/H IM] B Jolalsis lala a aa eENeSOMIMUS DORVULUE)=[o.s)6.491 mis a\nin === =)=)-]2\2/~ mia /-* [Pep lerense asl astec|sacees x x | x OmeDondroicaaureolawetes oe aera ae cee ce meaer [te ea ea ae ATi Pele ee SOerunidea aloenverletice sas == aacweis wicjcis nie sie isyeisisieier = [Peete dee ee | (een ere a a e |x 4. Geospiza magnirostris?..-.......-....---------- ee s0 Pern eeepc eseeet seam my | ese | tal lax Dey GCOS DIZ OLUS emer re ot= mic [co = al=~ win alajawi=iza el aor = \ Reefer |feesre a |EPaee (erste [pect iall eet eeers esos Xe eel axe 6. Geospiza fuliginosa -.-..-- Sse i ar ce eee eee ess {| Dpea lites sx fea | ce ee ea COSpiza dt ati gatall posse = alee laeta twin als)a'ste = a n'a - | Syetava| eras Lees (82 seerete ere te ell orey = | cee a ates | eee x SaCamarhynchus wariegatos.sssssece. sce ece ei ale~ os|eee-ls 0 [Sra [tO [exe2h] ee a| eee es | ee | x 9. Camarhynchus afinis ay TPN ee Pero ama eee Sareea eer eicee 4] onl eel bares ean | x 10. Camarhynchus prosthemelas ..-.-..-------:----|.--. eee eee eee eee eee ee | eres [ee | es axe ii Camarhynchusiproductusn.-2- 20822525 sesso =a nn] eo oe (ee Rel oe ete zee e ea ee |e cae (pe 12. Myiarchus magnirostris..--- ye le ge ey eee | We le [entra cae Li eee 2 Site ry ea eee x 13. Pyrocephalus intercedens..........-.---------- I5eoe| sued baus|canslleascec leeetasoa eer lass sere x: 14, Asio galapagoensis..--..----.-.----------------|---- Vee eee seat [eee mete aea|nete: esate aisieie Ma oS ipwButeolcalapastoensisece sane cce cee sees easter oleaoctena [PSs eee coe (ee eel eae x G6 Pelecanusiealifornicus. 552 2e 05s - a one = leapsaeresc| sae Serer eee | eee ee eee ol eee x NERS UL aN OD OMe eres so sees eeeice stores erste Saale ac cee aniae lene lemseter eee eral ose cle cera ete x 1 Sepelerodiasteone tba tase e sea e ocean teens ae eae ecto {eyereeel| rereys eve aya [ocr ROM Cee eee LOS Butorides;plumbeus -s-rsces 2 ose ss ese Joene seaenn |e ee | pee eal (ee scl eS | poe |e See |Pae lee ZOMINY Chanassa wiOlAC@as sac risma cer isciere Hasse ce cease | vssayil erecta seen, [er |e He 21. Pecilonetta galapagensis.....--..---.---------- Eee ora eng (Saleen esr Fee ed \eeee pec 22. Nesopelia galapagoensis........----.--.+------- lS eelS< Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College, XXIII, No. 1, 1892, pp. 63-74. A770 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. Vou. xix. The brief notes which Dr. Baur has kindly sent me concerning the col- lections made at the two localities are as follows: East Albemarle opposite Cowley Island.—Composition of fauna different from that of South Albemarle. Large Geospiza' absent; many black individuals of fortis and fuliginosa. Cactornis rare, only black specimens seen. Camarhynchus, two species [afinis and prosthemelas]; large form [variegatus] absent. Nesomimus, Certhidea, Myiarchus, and Pyrocephalus present, but not common. South Albemarle.—Geospiza, three species [ fortis, fuliginosa, and a large form, doubtless either G. strenua or G. magnirostris—most likely the former]. Cactornis, two species, the large blackish species [Geospiza fatigata?] common. [The other one is Camarhynchus productus. ] Nesomimus [ parvulus | common. Certhidea [albemarlei] common. Pyrocephalus [intercedens| common, but red males rare. Myiarchus [magnirostris) common. Dendroica, Buteo, Pacilonetta, common. Spheniscus, very common. As Dr. Baur, and his associate, Mr. Adams, collected more than forty species on South Albemarle, there are at least twenty-five species found there which are as yet unidentified. List of birds ascertained to oceur on Duncan Island. / | | = | | | |3 | | toa a uess co | } 6 | ee Bs oes af a pests Te hE ¢ ies fs Names of species. 3 S ry ve tes sin ls | co Zz a S 2 a ibecal es passes Xe | See| ees eel| oka ee A ETOSNEMOGESUA) = — = -\-\-i\s-'= ol ~ claw nmigine ace e= mi= =m eres eK | eee | ererere | crores Sere eee | steele creel [ore = 5. Geospiza magnirostris....--.---------------.---- Xa | eel see eee arses Selle cet erwin | a ar=/e | gael eee 6: Geospiza:strenua..--..--- =... ene e- =n a cen=- Boal eefal ersers Vetere | evatee Jose cimets| fetes eek lam ze 7. Geospiza fortis ...... .--------------------------- Ky | eee) SK «| eretoes [acs isiers eel reves |tesetere)| Ooo pea aN 8. Geospiza fuliginosa....-..-.......-...-.--------- epee ley [Soa sees See | acetate |-t= b Gailtee.¢ iG occ Ou Geospiza\dentirostris:=--2--------------n\----=—-- eee eee eee aecer | eereree seoc-[ K |----|----]----|--=- HOM Geospizadiinieilisties. es. sec anna cee nce = [eee cele ote soto Se eelaXe Nose el Saateleaeeleee ME GOOS PLZ a UIVCENIN COG» are e\a\oa nin iain cinta = me(S2 e = \=\>) =[e"> ey Roe |e KA e|eciee| reeere afaave|| erate |lareres=i}) So || aeKanl leeks 12a GeospizaibrevalOstliSes se 5- osciem ae elewieaiel se Pee BSA see crcets| mete, Seeeseere| eco |) Seales eee 13. Camarhynchus crassirostris.-...--.------------- XP)... -|----)--2-)-e eee Seo | erent eerie are eee See f 14. Camarhynchus variegatus........----.---------- |Epstecs|srete| Serels | aa eyesore aoe ers ara seme || | | eS 5 15. Camarhynchus psittaculus?.........------------ |----|----|----|----|----- Sate | sialare|| (erm rele} ESS tl ee ; tGmC@amarhiyn Chus MaUper sees seer ee ccisce elm nc~ eee eam =| 1-15) (mi |mmm = eee sie eee Xe eer eee | 17. Camarhynchus prosthemelas .---..-------------- [ese epee eel erecece| Srsrerae Sie sere a=) or 18. Myiarchus magnirostris..----------------------- | peseral llores ei atwtatelltatmteok Sees [aerate eta) can (Xu |e 19° Pyrocephalus carolensis......---.--.------------- oo mera erecaie | eet etere ae SH | SN =o mt =rel| XS 20.‘ Coccyzus melanocoryphus. -.......-------------- Bee |Sterec fers |(Serme [re ater Severe llerarere | etsr== |e Xo eX ex 21> Pelecanus)californicus:..-..-..---<------=------- ye | ees aera store | eee wens X lomee|em cml e ma) Xe Dea SULBICYANOPS 22 cece = ose = = renin = = DIME MMS ISU DAlaris seen ms saeco eas oe clneceicie sites Se eee eee eee seme soar K less-|scac|as2sleaee 32. Spheniscus mendiculus @ ....--.--0--.scceseccees oos|a2--|o--2]o--.|----- esa sestelestsre| seal are = iL Motalipyzexch-collectoresce=-s-ee-csessss-6- ee Salesa| es) One On i 2el Sento 15a|eSinels ¥ | a Wolf, Ein Besuch aus den Galapagos-Inseln, p. 42. A4{2 DIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, Vou. X1x. List of birds ascertained t o occur on Hood Island. | | | : | a co ; a x o 3 6 < i ie | -1g3 I7lals 7 : | a } i lc @ = Names of species. Beier) [ite ley =r (OSs) [ESS | : -|a 13 3 | am | © a o a 4 rc c= 5 |} s au ea) lec. | cet, ret as RS - ED | eo | o aa e co | = | = a ¥ = = 5 Siw] # ® & se Pesan eee | seen resin erase =a less ty enue es FISiS(f2i Sle 4/si/218]s8 a ce = eo a i a es A Vacs A ae) Oslelesi i= aie nes 1. Nesomimus macdonaldi.-...-.------------------- eee ieeer erates {x |----|----[----] X Jo---/ X 2. Dendroica aureola Ssnle cn eanpleunussas sean tereea=|Peee toe. feoacheme =| Mk Maes al see eles sae ne alent 3. Certhidea cinerascens ..--.-.---------------------)---- ---- Wee el nto bet ate /eovan | aia ethereal kee Asean | ee 4. Geospiza controstris .-.-..-----------------------|---- ---- ee ee ee =--|--5|n--- Mee oa ek 5. Geospiza medta..--------------------------------|----].--- seee|----|----- ---|----|---- X |---.].--- 6. Geospiza fuliginosa .-.....----.------------------|----/---- ee eee Seo |eo {ere eal Sean] es 7. Myiarchus magnirostris--.--.-.------------------|----|---- Fleas male metic asta aexa| see eon ese eess 8. Asio galapagoensis.-..-.-..----------------------|----|.--- | eee [Nt otra fret eee | eee x 9. Buteo galapagoensis .----.-..--------------------|----|---- ---| [X] |----)----|--+-]----)---- loot 10) Sula nebouxil. .-.------------- 22 seen ne enema =|nnn-|ae == Noo LSS) alee eee joprcehne aa eee Pipe UtOcid GS (plo DOUG jase eee ale eae eee ere eee ee ee eee | eee Seen See ex: ADS Nive tanassaviOlACC a ae oem ae oem ee ele reales a Socle=ee | een eee ete 13. Pecilonetta galapagensis--.------------=--------|_--.|---. sees ee Lx eee lee eel oem eae aera eke 14. Nesopelia galapagoensis....------------------- Se te epee eet eet | Vee oie ee Se eel eee 15. Hematopus galapagensis....-------.--------.---|---- |----|-=--|----|----- | avohe ail ote ef neers wrens] Ore x 16. Arenaria interpres....-...-----------------------|----|---- ee eee Seer feet eal rates | X |.---].--- Pfs HIGteLA CEILS INCAN US aro c oc em cise m= meio = eo jee ae sl oe ee lyoees wee eee teaee ae eee US (OUGS ETS ne ihrer) 1 Cae ee Re es ees iesn lone Soemleesslsceee Lies Soe eee eee Sx TOS VA TIOUS PALA AS CNS IS as = oo rere nla ae ele [Sake meal eeerlen ees See eee ae | X |----| x 20. Diomedea exulansa@.-----------.--.----- --2---- +}. |=. seo|sasal ler!) |S) seca fbe obese aesJ eee 21. Diomedea nigripes??.....-..-.. ereeeelaa eae eel eee eats fre fe [PEIN | tome | reece ene eer reare Rota) by each! collector=------ .-c=s-.-=--—e == OF O06.) ES) Om Os tea0 | 13 a Wolf, Ein Besuch aus den Galapagos-Inseln, 1879, p. 13. Perhaps one of the ‘‘ two kinds of Alba- trosses’’ seen at Hood Island by Dr. Habel (see Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, pp. 453, 459) was this species. List of birds ascertained to occur on Chatham Island. s | | | = | | % 8 | 3 . 3 |“ a eal esti s is | ® Se Salhse Names of species. | Eel ep oat alle a fis elo x maf oe) ae aah eeoaes Re oS oO S a lw a = PRO Ss i Nie! ois ree Sis |e ies Nah ements iH) seal US Ica n de BO ah Sol) Salsa) talc heel ees BLS) |S [| ee | tp | eee ts JAlZ|IM|M|MIiSl/aisiz lala 4s —— = | pee 1. Nesomimus adamsi....s..2s-00-4 ale fojavelnr (Ce eic alate Kane) eka este rere se te heeners Ki fl ok x 25 WWE TGR CE id) Dee Apne -Hbeemnoccacuncossoc SAB | emt ace ee St rerencseal caer eee BR La | es | es BRC BVODICCR VULEOLD « @ ose as pcn eee hoe en ciaaioaoee sie Hest SS Sr fete a al eyereret erermtos tote eral x (|) ae AS fieLO OTIS INOCESUAE = = 5S nemo cme eee antes seo ae Bee eee eee eee Se ee fered Do CxeOSDiAd TUAOTITOSULISE olar=— teens in ane re hee lela | X |----]-.--]-...]----./---. enebei lemon leon SuGoospiza Strenuas<..25- --- Buteo palapagoensis----.--------- 22. .necaseenne= BR eee eer | ees eae eee ssa) K feocn|-os-] X DB. Mre pata AQUA ace aninne axle wei araleicla orem area ot Saale teal male) eo aintoreatorere Seta eee Sree ig> Pelecanie Calitorniougs te. ote se secon oo eae tee bese een | eer | aoe [einer eral aera ee x Ae OTL EM ALO OVER oa tet ale em eat ie le tm ome nee ef ee ee etre area | aire ea ea x 21. DALOLides, PlUMDSUS 22 ae see oaks aes ae so lean wees | ee eee coe ere tee eee oe eee Le Bene [eles 22. Nyctanassa violaceas. 2. 2.5. o-sao- Sacnw asin nansealeacelsuoeleaes|eoae cece lemedtee mal eeee emerspe Jeet x a@ See Sharpe, Cat, Birds Brit, Mus., X, 1885, p. 176. b Fide Sharpe, Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., XU, p. 12. a a tS A st at i i A a i A a ee ee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 473 List of birds ascertained to occur on Chatham Island—Continued. < | | | | 3 % |S | - | OL plies Sallletied ecu RES eS | % | ree |S eiliptes Names of species. Ome Se lean Ie 199 Slr ar y Bee te yin | © lee |= (eee Soe Sls ie ie |S 12 |e | sil desl (emo te eee Coe eae ees BS lessee ae | Soa | eee sill cones ° o o mai ines QD Ss | a i PaaS eelsme et rea (De |S Nh Bali se ay |) a i z rs a a - S A aisaiean lisa lease ies | Salome eosiles | A aS SS ee. | eq | eS os EY ~Q [ses ee | bd Po 23. Peecilonetta galapagemSis.....----.------+++ss2+-- fetecall etegayefisraraal| erm sie| lai ois 's|| eveiace| mrahavs| es) ars |e, tee x |x 24. Nesopelia galapagoemsis..-.----------.---+------- Be aE msl sales saline cee se x Bee x 25. Hematopus galapagensis......--.--------------- a eae ee a0) esa nae PEN MeNniMS MUdSONICUS= -— 2 ons. - = ete sn ea Saale es crens Vega OE Ses | Ee leas -| [x] 7. Himantopus mexicanus ..- Powe linecen|| = Ss [ae nes [espe See teee S| inceee x Re MAUS eh OSUS eis wie o eleeiei= a2 ini > ee el eee | eel [eee Serres oe eae Xe Ke Ses: Bow@reaprusmureatus 002. 85--2522-.2sec sem emeern aac ees eee Ree Ba, eer Poe eel Saas BU peAnousiealapagensis).---<--------2---<--22-----<- aaa eee tsa Nees eae eee Soe Ss eee: mai) Aestrelata phseopygia..----.-.-..0-.--...------- eae egeleems ee |e ent Seas Weeeiee hee ies eo (neces BO MP UAINUS SU DAATIS = eects, . ----. 0.00056. -2 ee eee ) ave a cra} PR = 2 2 x.) Socks SL MeandroiGa AUreols occa psceen essa eee oe Eee eee ee eT x x jee les 3. Certhidea salvini ..-.....------------------------ eee ete Met pee aie |= wealsccelecen x 4. Propne modesta ...-.------------- ----.<--------- peoaleeee lene [x] | . Je eee ae 5. Geospiza Strenua, --- << - - <6 en ao ne winnlemininem =la|cleiee|ece|s= melons) Xu Sete eee enon 6. Geospiza fortis -...--..------------+--------------| BSA Rice a Se ae Weg £ See eee 7. Geospiza fuliginosa eset x cal ees eee | oxen |e eee 8. Geospiza parvula .- --- | x 9. Geospiza fatigata. ----- af pel er aya eee | teats | ete x 10. Geospiza brevirostris?.....-.-....-.----------.-: ee ee Se | Vee 11. Camarhynchus variegatus.-.---.-----.--....-..- se acleoee encase 2 Camarhynchus psittaculus ...-.----.-----------. onal een tees Smee 13. Camarhynchus prosthemelas ..-..--.------------ WESC AS ac os eee 14. Camarhynchus pallidus .......------.-.-..-.--- 1 ee Byrd 15. Myiarchus magnirostris .-....-.-.---.----.-----~ Hopobesc}lenor 16. Pyrocephalus intercedens ------- eee eee > Home| nee 7s eLLX PUNCtAWSSIM A) ear eee a ela eieieinl al saline elseceleserl 18. Asio galapagoensis..-....----.------.----------- cern ee 19. Buteo galapagoensis .........--------.------cene Shs eee PAY, Sills pers Cay SEE ee eeanosccoosssscssess—sss e555 eee eee D1 ATCCS MELOCIAR t >< ocinecdele aisle a <'eceil=nletyatainlsin ieee eee | eee DAE UCOLIC OSs LIND GUS seen aa atsni etait etl et Dow Niy. Ctanasss ViOl@COde cee ae cies Saree aisle eel teler 2. elo nicopterus ih DePs ese aes a= = eee e eee esse 25. Pecilonetta galapagensis .--...-...--..........- 26. Nesopelia galapagoensisS........-----.--..---.--- ee OLZEN BS DUONG baie case eee a ete eels aa eee Je Hasmatopos PalapaCONsis ose m eee mene ees eee eee eee Peceleons| & eecelaeesfeess (eee eee DONATO ATI a LM UCL DEOS oo nas elela ieteinlate a iaiete ls mie ela fete ree saealccesl Xs leecslomnes 1S ed eel ees 30. Aigialitis semipalmata ...--..................... Sasrl Fee eone|ese. |) oe Ieoenl vee lo esslt pelomecteeees SIS Dring Ac miD Ghia beep eee ee a ee | en ee en ase tere ee Ihe Sl el Gl ee [eS eee So eleteractitismicanus oases eneee eee oe eee seman |Noee| sae we celed Fal axes [ace emer pees Jee are | core |e So NGIMNE Das DOO SONCUS soem nee oats ese ee fesetete ote eats sreo fe Ca atae all eeeral| teat |---2]-+--]-2=- 346) ELM an tOpus MexICAMNS =. 1c ee eee eee eee ieee Sask lensed] oxo SSeS es Cee See ae eee BON UArUS UL CIN OSUS ess =e sea sere eee eco Re taf em ralf ee ef ater need erent ae Hea ee 36;, Acstrelatampbhmopy. cia: Nesopelia galapagoensis-.....-....------.------- Bien ee ex reisiali nics ic] crc'e | etstars ----| X |----| X MROLZAN AS PlLONOtaer eee meee eee cameccce ices <5 Xo en een | See ee ee Se elem eecele ee . Hematopus galapagensis -..-------------------- eee | ee eee Se ones uecs le ccslaos |, |Smeiele ste . Heteractitis incanus ............... Women one coeeloenalemes Bbc lone Gober Bend bood pocolle-Shocdlscoc A76 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vou-x1x List of birds ascertained to occur on James Island—Continued. a o oO . ~ . a 3 = B = ace s | 6 S elalé oil bE . D aa a a 5 ‘ lie CSS is | & 5 cos Names of species. a, | vos tee: ee ae Hobs ialcst alles = art |e a a re = 2 a -~ | oe alike 4 ls Bt Sor ties tee Sea | ance meal es a iz hb S jm 5 3 eS Bi = = a nw Hw | 2 3 61g + 2 - a 5 ® ~ ie D . a oS @ a F228 pe ee oo See » = -_ = = S a g | sio|alSiS|8/<|/ela AIZIN|H| A JoOl/AleB le |BI/A , ; 31. Himantopus mexicanus .-..-..-..-.....----=..--- es way eget ee tte ame tee eee eet ont eile aloes Soe aR TOL EL OVERS LL ecto ere otal ysseretetinie oie cette eer Slee eel coe] Se |e ene eee | ete Xi eetinaes 33. Creagrus furcatus: -.-------.------------<-----=-- = 2 nl meine) «einel| wax afaieit =| sae al aeie | lene) eel ete x 34. Aestrelata phreopygia---.---.--.--.-.-.--------. saat liociol win ee |aiscie| sate eo] See eee eect ee ees ax 30. Oceamites gracilis <- ~~~ - 2 nn eae amen ern See eater ei sao-feeeefeeeefeee-|e=e: x 36. Spheniscus mendiculus...-...--.-..------------- Samet fa men ee ne eee ee [x] Totalihy each collector... 75--=- ssn s-4- ssseer 1167) 0) | 23) 0) Os sOe 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 22 fie A | | a ‘Off pass between Indefatigable and James islands.” List of birds ascertained to occur on Tower Island. | | iT | a | = : | | & 8 g S| |e = S : O14 | a . . S | a) aR 7 sie cae | ae 1 | @ | She = Names of species. --| & |. 24 Eee 5 as Mo | Old ow oor ret : om | cee om | 95 [rt a = book a|\s OE Fal Vecsiteg il) econ al ers niet) hee leo erie | ae BO iS alle eto as sian ar ees oot Saar | sau | er oai|2l|oe-la|2)s -- Otro C) o ag |] 2 5 bu Fli2lal/al/e2 lole|slaeleis BY SD | a Oe io Sale cil ty teecuat ies \A/4|/4M |S |B |Olalsa]=e |aela 2 | | = 1. Nesomimus bauri....-.--....- eiarasialaetarelnia(aietctat= ier Sere beretate | tate ee eee See Fo ollgee| ces eee x 25, Dendroica aureola -- 22. jos -ceeaas oem ise pease a Seel tete eis atolls set eee ae veo) Bea [eer 3. Corthidea mentalis’ - 2. 222222 see ecate es aes e ee em ete ltat neato) pera lett te ered ces Sree Ree oe elec j----| X 4. Geospiza pachyrhyncha......-.------2--+---+-=-- Sa efaheeere| Sterale | tae eee otleeaabs ee a n/a eee eo GeOSP1Za; WEWlerOSl risa = ose ee nee ie oe oe Rial ans Sa ateimellnte-atel ens eo eee eee ene eee x G: |'GeOspize PTOVINGUA).- .22c0 eee ini te see fem ee| cats ee eee eon Se ae eee x is AiO gwalapaeOensiS = mae oases ee Sn Salata) oe | oem eae sasia| aes memictea se (Beetles « 8. Fregata aquila .......-..---------------+-+------- BSad Bese Seed aaec [eel eeeeeseeieees ae x 9. Fregata aqtila mipor.....----- ae ee ee a BeBe Sealer laaaclanad- elope re ara feces eae Xe USS DLA CYANO Stee eee bs oe eiets es [toon een eee Ros | Re ee |e eames dit: Sulaipiscator arcs: cosa seer ceee aeneee ae eeesees Sa rae ev elon |) eae ean eee faces 1 2TOS DLa DLOWStOrUl = - ence scleece nee nes ae eee Sieaalio eee eee eee Gb ese eencl oe canal eee 13: Phasthonstherenss. 2. osha hace een ee eae oe sees sere [aot EX fil atte |S ermal erepeca| arc ee x 14. Pecilonetta galapagensis..----_.--.--..---2.---- see alee | erererel eeena| eee Seclaece) aise eee eee x 15. Nesopelia galapagoensis......-....-.------------ ee cere | Cera seen ees pone ae + = iafe | tee =e [x] 16: Creagfrus furcatus. << 2-0 assese oe aparece seeee cies Pere er = | ercsaeel| re ral eet ee ah el eel ee x 73, Anous palapapensis'.<-225- coceascse sree Soceees ones] = =ie| se ae| elena aes fee 4 22) os eee x Mtotalibyceach: collectors seeossessse neers n eee ee OO Or 0) 1 fa OR 0 | 0 | 0 0 16 | aSee Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., LX, Pt. rx, 1876, p. 460. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. A477 List of birds ascertained to occur on Bindloe Island. | | oO S | | od oe alate ls) |2\e/8 : i ws | @ w a Names of species. 9 15 3 fea (foe sue ECSU vs eet qe S/S /8)s)¢ /2)elalg\s|3 elle |S le] slS)e)a}s aa ese esi teal eee eed slal2ia Plelelalai/S/2/8/Siels Sie eelaes Suke |e a |e ie AlI4Z|S4$ IN| HisS|/alsl=s lala |} —) |} Ball ee ae Nie HEP NESOMMIUMIUS OUI CLOCT. = minim anima = elm elelme mye m= ime = = feaealies aes === =i5 Needlene | ¥. teereclene | x PamUendroica aureOlae.+o-rs-c= 225-52 oem seen ne 5g 2 etcetera eera eX eianel| atin ee Vee | see ae Sea Corp earn(fUSCa ee ce ceca eee accilecaaiceia 25sec a Bod eos Wose |) 2 6) eem Seee (aero oo Pee CCOSDIZAISULO UU Meee ree oman ee oem sees cei se ain 5 ee ee eee eee lenee | Seer | See eee PO COSPUAastOMUIS elena tein iae oe seme cioeyai= cial <=) - Botello eminem y=ial| =m \2'stn= [Eases leer Bea COS DI Zap Aryl ales alo eee lala letee ere ate i = = Eee Reees "ETCy Al\ascoulle oes Seale | eee aie ee fenGeOspizaraSsimilis,@. 425 225.25. csc bss eee nec (ese 3654 |Sese SSae lee Sl Seca eee tesa eae eae elle BeCamanhyncus variezatus s2-oc- secs secs ee sseese-|e- se gi Beene | ake | bab: 1 ER ey Ie SuCamarhyncusiVutaloei.---=---\--)- <= =i =-s es stem n| se - Bey efoto ESSE || eteverel| store | See | Sess |e oe LOS Moyiarchus magnirostris.------2----------=---\---|--=- Bea eee Pee exenlecom se caleac. Vers Safiers oh ile ce Heme yrocepualus)(abing don?) \2=--225 2-2-1 o---------- [tet rere erate eee tereterers (een Soe: eee eae | [x] PAMpArOnarisiMberplesce sacs ses ee sens sone etece: aaa | sere ears al seers |i skeet oes] Re BIE Se aes Sa SS ee Pies @Alidristaren aria: stesso) seeca-aaseoene cane Se |----]----]--=-]-=--] Sea eee Bee | eae ee a een PempWarcetuliginoSUus ss eee) \\ssese assets neae asec Secale Beer eee ea es eee eee | eee ila] ise | | a | | | es Sass | SRR A aoe Rotalsby,eachicollector:=-e2s-eccss.- 42 s2==2- Welle One 0%.|) 10 | 13 | 0 | OOM Ors Onn Gell) | List of birds ascertained to oceur on Abingdon Island. ce p> co a _— o ou Ee S | : cont a [lee : oioia |e | 313 : |8|8 Names of species. cam coal liecoe tt a See ites mle) lice DB oO} Ho — we wet fi xH n oh 4 at a a SS prs] oO So = a) ilies (BED g |S | es tie fap | ore | esc Seles oan) sale ae dieu] cet, | celceeall canals el2/2/2/2 2/4/24 [8] s | Hee NeSOMIMMS VEnSONALUS! = anemic ea nininem eas ashe [eee tater | eeera ate acl ape eter cyottal attr x EX: PaWendnoicaraUneOl ames sacs re | see(mnieisia =e eee ao |e eee cla = =| ae Kawi Sreteva| rete see esha eee Bem On hid Gs US Ca seme cetera erste arse osetia soe A Bs Belem xey | s| ee Aen COS Piza 8 (OMe = ise eee eisai sacle ciceiS-ee ee |ee ss Shel pace bosel|heo. lleacaeeae I) 3 Dem Gr COSDIZ A OLON CULM ne = =e een oe esas 5 jsae se \Pe oe beers eesleaes|) eX er cleese| eee Ky ae sta aae meeo. Geospiza tuliginosa ¢2-c--552---.25- sesse- eee Vee eee eee ical ns) Seo Ky See eeee ee QCOSpIZa pAb Ulalee se yee ass seo aieacs scene: [aerate erelese reer eas Mie Xe eee eee rae ew | Sen CeOS pica cin Cllism esses semester oes es selene oe [easel Bel xe ul Se ea|P oe XP 4- [secs MeO) Geospiza abingdont .-..25..-52222.s2se cee - 2-2 (eed Ke SSeS Kye eecleos 10: ‘Camarhynchus variegatus-.-..--.---...-------.-|.--- RA isi? | ee ee eel eee ee lea C amanhyvnChus i GOely ts. - (= scan cin aasosine aise cee as eg [ere re ore > ec] scc|es on 2] eel aoe oe eae oe 11. Certhidea salvini, Ridgway ...............|..- feels SSA (ee fee ree ta ae KS e el eee 12. Certhidea albemarlei, Ridgway. ..........|.-. x| nis ah (Saeco eee el | som 13; Certhidesilutedla, Ridgway. -c.-. 2-555 5|soc|is<|ewcles [aca] oes! = 5. Ks R12) ee eet alee 14. Certhidea fusca, Selater and Salvin - vesseefies esol wa |e oy omc] cal aoe eet eo ees | eae 15; Certhidea cinerascens, Ridgway .. eee AME Spec Coad C ee tie X. [2-3]. o Sess eee a Also Gardner Island, fide G. Baur; but possibly NV. trifasciatus and not N. akan yo. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 479 List of species of birds which have been ascertained to occur in the Galapagos Archipelago, " showing the islands upon or near which each species has been found—Continued, \2 Re 5 . | A Ne | | | . ' ale | a : q|2|& | | ele Names of species. Bisi8/8\/3\8 coleeSi let Vee (oasi|| cat] 23 sigis BSS FlElEISISlEIS/E/ Si SiS lele a Sey Shes el anes | ola |e | 2 le) 2 Zidt[AlOlBAlOIAOlAla RIA Ie IA lade | | 16. Certhidea mentalis, Ridgway ..-.--------- Bea eeelloce fe. lesa tee selsesleeeleee eele el 4 Sire lta ae 17. Certhidea bifasciata, Ridgway...---.----. BA sacilaee (eae See oe PER xa | gee AMIE Ct Lee IE —. Certhidea (undetermined) .-----.---------- Be [Ppa ee cose cee | fee | ses [erst ero [peo | see lee 18. Progne modesta (Néboux)...--..---------- Pastels ees |e Xs x? | x 5.4 Boa ood ae 19. Geospiza magnirostris, Gould ....-..------ rere SSE (elec ares KS BY | Sere ie oe eR Sil cs z 20. Geospiza strenua, Gould.-........----.---- ef eevee Perales er fs ecettecRia | exer [peal tet Ke Noser | eS e= 21. Geospiza pachyrhyncha, Ridgway --.-.---- Be | eee snc | eed | reel see neers ese ear eer Cereal mer feral ote tare Poe Geospiza dubia, Gould —.--.-----4-....-.- =. seer eres ae alee ail coe fetal PR eter izieee Eee ee ees ee eee 23. Geospiza conirostris, Ridgway-.-.---------- Se at ees [ee | el et | eo IS ere ores |e erell enya Seeley eee leer 24. Geospiza bauri, Ridgway ..--..------------ Bee ee sete fects Se | eee eet oa sets see ee eX [etal eet eel fete —. Geospiza (undetermined) ......----------- mee ieee ise raven ees |e eet rel A Perel ae er —. Geospiza (undetermined).-.-.--..--.------ Jeelacillen reel eceee eee tae af ecto lester ers eet aes feel ae 25. Geospiza media, Ridgway...-.------------ eee (pee legen tte ate | rare ee ee lleceta tere (eveeal isc, ohare legen ace ltepene 26. Geospiza fortis, Gould .-.....-...-- --.--- ae x |x Beall etr Al (eax ere Nhs lle ne Wao | orees | POS | Ses | eel loge eer 27. Geospiza fratercula, Ridgway.--.--------- ee etal feel cece | ferarel| Sete erste este | Se ase i f= ate tase frat lice allo 28. Geospiza fuliginosa, Gould........---.---- aes x | x Sallapeles|beales leone sl aeeltes laaeoss|| > sila 29. Geospiza parvula, Gould.......-....-...-- aaa eee tere rete | ee Neale ees ie Soy [GER Se fg Kel et] OK ee ere 30. Geospiza acutirostris, Ridgway.-.----.---- ioe a ge | IT ect | (Pe Uae 31. Geospiza dentirostris, Gould...-.- --.---. eel eee ete | tee | cael | eee Pere ere rece ee eral ieda line 32. Geospiza difficilis, Sharpe..-..--..-------- ey aoe [Se le (em cs ec Seer P| ee pt | ere 33. Geospiza debilirostris, Ridgway.--.------- ed | eeeed | ee |S s Siee| Sesl le el|ee sy| onenomel con = [eller lla 34. Geospiza scandens (Gould). --.------------ Foe bere feee ee = al eer eae eaters) sere | eB eri-| oete| ee erat 85. Geospiza intermedia, Ridgway..---------- ne ere ees lie excl Spe | She | eee | areca | ef meee | teeeral| eeee| ras | ere 36. Geospiza assimilis (Gould)-.-......-------- Sal sealees Teed ee eeaes mee ones Semel eee Safer WaeNR I ey ees 37. Geospiza fatigata, Ridgway .-...-.-------. Perel 9 | peter mre eect eee | Sieh ones) ke [ORG fee rere | cece erate net —. Geospiza (undetermined) .--..-----.------ CB eet ERe Gece iets eve sas | Siar Sk ey ejesall eer Seve nal Pee ee all ioreee 38. Geospiza abingdoni (Sclater and Salvin) ..}...|-.. --- Saleem eae eel tere | rene tne leet oS tere 39. Geospiza barringtoni, Ridgway .----- acolo sea |errs |e lees : 40, Geospiza brevirostris, Ridgway.-.-..-.----. pela alae x see Exot) eer Seale 3 41. Geospiza propinqua, Ridgway ....---.---- Res ee ee Byal|Sorslmes ldo x2 42. Camarhynchus variegatus, Sclater and | | Salvin.----- 2-202 0. e nese anne cemen----- eye Hh | ee fetes t= ses eK fae Ry iA | onl) oe ese PK eI. 43. Camarhynchus crassirostris, Gould. .-...-. Se NS et Ne rallcrers ra llores ees | eres eave 44. Camarhynchus psittaculus, Gould ...---.. Be ear ene ere erates | a eet feces | nae |e 8 [KK ahaa | tel] eee eet 45. Camarhynchus aflinis, Ridgway....------ RAE Sc |--- SN AE aps Ne apa ere oe ice ee |e eee —. Camarhynchus (undetermined) ------ Dee (hess |g) Neel es|ece ee Beales lees Pah eI as Bea eats 46. Camarhynchus habeli, Sclater and Salvin.|.--|--- eel ere |seraeccllsce es a ll pel cet re (ey Mee ela _ 47. Camarhynchus bindloei, Ridgway. ---.-..-. Ba ee eS | pore eee | es | ete Neeser ete [ete t= (seas || eset crete = 48. Camarhynchus compressirostris, Ridgway|-...|---|-.-|---|--.]---|---]---]---|---] K ]---]---|---|---|--- 49. Camarhynchus pauper, Ridgway-..----.--- Sr ealaee SAPS eal oxy Se | ee eal eee ea ls Pate ile crore ee 50. Camarhynchus incertus, Ridgway ..- ---. Sa | Sra are | ase | Se ee USN | Bele ag |e el 51. Camarhynchus salvini, Ridgway .-..------ Se ee |e ae | oe |e Ls (ec |e ee See 52. Camarhynchus prosthemelas, Sclater and | DS AVAN cree tele nce aisae cisco ea te a a ola laralare ee Neco eter | era | dees |e ate [ook |X [Easel cee 53. Camarhynchus pallidus (Sclater and Salvin)|...|...|..-|--.|---]---|---|---|---| X | ©] X|---|--- Joon Vente 54. Camarhynchus productus, Ridgway .----- YP cl el eae | a | Spee reese Bc Sere res [nny sl ees roel ee 55. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linneus) -.-..-.--.- [Rs foe | Far lf lfsioe| KIS =| anaes 56. Myiarchus magnirostris (Gray) .-----.---.)--- SN mea hnc cf S| SS | PE My | S| Xa [Aa = | x x | 57. Pyrocephalus nanus, Gould .-....--..-----|--- Bers fests [ners leet Toe | ee | ce acral eee el ee [paras Pace 58. Pyrocephalus intercedens, Ridgway-..-.---|...| X|-..|---|--- Bee | see lee ol ecpal| oem ietese | orate ened ees esaeall eer 59. Pyrocephalus carolensis, Ridgway --.-...-- Dhan ee | ae | sway Ea rey erctat | cre al ese |leteeil cee al| ees | mete 60. Pyrocephalus abingdoni, Ridgway ...-..--- rape lee erste [ieee Rees Se | ree es Ace | aay es eres xf! 61. Pyrocephalus dubius, Gould........---..-. SD Ree eek s See: (ee xh | eee See aoe ee eee —. Pyrocephalus (undetermined). ...-.-..---- [ore rere escall erat Bese Bee |e ene = eee lel | ers [sey fore oats actaliatee 62. Coccyzus melanocoryphus, Vieillot......-. Be ees eller oe S| OA sc [eH Beleee Gos Strix pPUNCtAbISSIMA= s+ =) cee sacniec cies cae Saale leet |p eelleee Bre eee leet |e x -- |X|... 64. Asio galapagoensis (Gould)...-.-..--.---. Sees cel cee [eer al Sd |Soetser| 2 5 |X elie _ 65. Buteo galapagoensis (Gould)....-.--.-.--- See Sch ie| sellers Bape || ea | Ia | ee [re = KG eset] | eK | rere m 66. Fregata aquila....-..-.---.--------------- Sel ere sree teller eciclfsts = || Kalle mera | cae _ 67. Fregata aquila minor (Gmelin).--.-.-.----- Pee |S sel eer] Aa ew Salloaalsae| (384) beallasa somlpe.s 68. Pelecanus californicus, Ridgway.--..--.-. SSNS |S | real ell lp al pe KA || heoll soe veri cerns] XS | fare a= = 69. Sulacyanops, Sundevall.......-----.----- Peel Aas |e cil eal ee | opel | et es | earl oer | esse (ool evs [tect tere 70 Sula nebouxii, Milne-Edwards.......----- cal |e Weslaco leh fees enn eee la Pepe ee fileasulaibrewSterl. GOSS2..-ss-0-6 ce. -2 Senne Be EA nore eel se Til ae |e nes ees | pe] ral eee che Pa OS veo]. fe. Sula piscator (linmeeus))-.---------------- pee so e\ Ses ers a ee |etee | oere |X| rere |e Kel enna 73. Phaéthon ethereus, Linneus ..-...-.----- Sa Pe || et ts [ees pees [salsa en | a val eee 74. Ardea herodias, Linnzus?.-..........----- Gaol soe sIlbael eae Sell ree ee ere I XS eens neo) rete eee eee 75. Herodias egretta (Gmelin)? ......-...----- BE Dal tesc a Oe lemre | eee ERT eI ar ance wa ee ma lee 76. Butorides plumbeus (Sundevall)....------ Jas SA ee Sales Se |S ell lise Bel 5- ri oT. |? a aa se r lie / 115986 U.S.N.M. | Adult male ...| James Island,Galapagos.) 4.55 | 4.30) 0.90 1.45 | 0.77 (5983) | WS! N. MM. (Les. dope ate se Cy een eee 4.65] 4.40] .87/ 1.50] .85 SOT WASaNn is | Adult: osscccos|lecese Goan nee ee eeee 4.35 | 4.20] .82| 1.45] .78 | 115985 | U.S.N.M. | Adult female .|..... dO; Mase see | 4.05} 3.80'] .85| 1.40} .78 | 115989 | U.S.N.M. |....- domeeere een op cee nsec a ie 4,20 | 4.08) .82| 1.35] .78 115984 | U.S.N.M. |.-.--- dom steese Rea CORA ee eo eee 4.18 | 3.90 .87 | 1.42 .85 115990 | U.S.N.M. |..... donee ee tees Ope Sees aee ae | 4.10 | 3.95 | .88| 1.40] .80 | Acverar@eeseese ee 4.29 | 4.09] .86| 1.42] .80 | = = = = —— = 116036 | U.S.N.M. |..... doreccees: | Indefatigable Island..... Ae 8 AS ST Shliin sen |e eoN TA5S8S) | USN IME, 252. Oke sae ere Weecyee a COpete iste ons see oe 4.30 | 4.05 8501545) 82 116034 | Te SON Melitta me sea slcs Goat nec wll) alas | 420] 182/140] (78 116035 | U.S.N.M. | Adult male...|..... Oren aa sere niaer ome 4,52 | 4.22] .90/ 1.50] .80 | Average .---.-..-.- 4.40| 4.15] 184/144] .81 NESOMIMUS PARVULUS (Gould). (Plate LVI, fig. 1.) Orpheus parvulus, GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1837, p. 27 (no locality; coll. J. Gould). Mimus parvulus, GRAY, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 63, pl. xv (Albe- marle Island, Galapagos Archipelago).—BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 277.—ScLATER, Proce. Zool. Soc., 1859, p. 345. —SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 127.—SCLATER and Sat.vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, p. 3.—SALVIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. rx, 1876, p. 472.—SHarpex, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p.65; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, p. 350. Nesomimus parvulus, RipGwWaAy, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1890, p. 104. Specific characters.—Similar to N. melanotis (Gould), but considerably smaller, bill less curved, sides of head less dark, and general coloration of upper parts paler; in worn breeding plumage a distinct brownish gray shade across the upper breast, not noticeable in NV. melanotis. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Darwin, Town- send, Baur and Adams). Adult..—“The vertex, the nape of the neck, and the tail intensely black, with the tips of the tail-feathers marked with white; the wings brown with the secondaries and coverts tipped with white marks, giving the appearance of two transverse bands; the lores and the feathers of the ears black; the throat, the sides of the neck, breast, and the abdomen white; the flanks marked longitudinally with brown.”? Six adult examples in fresh plumage in Messrs. Baur and Adams’ collection (4 from Albemarle, 2 from East Albemarle) show that the supposed more grayish breast of NV. parvulus, to which I have called attention,’ is a character which can not be relied on in all conditions of ‘In the absence of any adult specimen in good plumage, I am obliged to quote Gould’s description. Dr. Baur’s collection contained six examples in fresh plumage, but they were returned without a description having been taken. 2Gould, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, p. 63. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, pp. 102, 103. 492 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. Vou.x1x. plumage. In fact, when examining Dr. Baur’s specimens and compar- ing them with examples of V. melanotis in corresponding condition, the smaller size, especially of the bill, of V. parvulus seemed to be the only positively distinctive character, apart from a general lighter col- oration of the upper parts and sides of the head. The two adults in the National Museum collection measure as fol- lows: Wing, 4.50-4.35; tail, 4.05-4.55; exposed culmen, 0.75; tarsus, 1.45; middle toe, 0.31. A young bird, in first pluinage, I can distinguish from the young of N. melanotis only by its smaller and straighter bill. Measurements of Nesomimus parvulus. P| ey } | r Col. ee | | | 1 Mid Num. lee- Sex and | Locality. | Date. Wing.) Tail. posed | Tar- | dle ber. ti age. | = | cul- | sus. | 10n. | toe | men. | 115972 U.S. | Male adult.) Albemarle Island .. Apr. 10, 1888 4.20 4.05 | 0.76 | 1.47 | 0.80 WA 597or Oe ee 20 eee eee COn=- eee seen | eee a0neees-- 4.40 | 4.38 | .79] 1.45] .80 Averages cost seecee eee | 4.30 4.22 78 | 1.46 a NESOMIMUS BAURI, Ridgway. (Plate LVI, fig. 4.) Nesomimus bauri, RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII (No. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894), p. 357 (Tower Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection of Dr. G. Baur). Specific characters.—Similar to N. personatus, Ridgway, of Abingdon Island, but much lighter colored above. Dimensions averaging less, and flanks more narrowly streaked with dusky. Wing, 4.50-4.45; tail, 3.95-4.30; exposed culmen, 0.95-1; bill from rictus, 1.25-1.27; tarsus, 1.25-1.35; middle toe, 0.78-0.85. (Type in Dr. Baur’s collection, Sep- tember 2, 1891.) Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Tower Island (Baur and Adams). In coloration of the upper parts this form resembles V. melanotis much more than WN. personatus; otherwise, however, it is easily distinguished, the bill being much larger (sometimes quite as large as in smaller billed examples of NV. personatus), the light-colored tips to middle wing-coverts much wider, white terminal spots of rectrices smaller and differently shaped, and dusky streaks much narrower. Three specimens are in Dr, Baur’s collection. NESOMIMUS BINDLOEI, Ridgway. Nesomimus bindloei, RIDGWAY, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, (No. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894), p. 358 (Bindloe Island, Galapagos; collection of Dr. G. Baur). Specifie characters.—Similar to N. bauri, Ridgway, but smaller and with proportionally longer tarsus; ear-coverts solidly black, tips to lesser wing-coverts paler (usually nearly white on posterior row), and No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 493 white on rectrices more extended. Wing, 3.85-4.20; tail, 3.50-3.90; exposed culmen, 0.83-0.91; bill from rictus, 1.15-1.20; tarsus, 1.32-1.39; middle toe, 0.75-0.81. (Type in Dr. Baur’s collection.) Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Bindloe Island (Baur and Adams.) Five specimens, all separable from NV. bauri by the above-mentioned characters. Family MNIOTILTID 4. Genus DENDROICA, Gray. Dendroica, Gray, List Gen. B. App., III, 1842, p.8. Type, Motacilla coronata, Lin- neus. Range.—North and Middle America, and extreme northern part of South America; Galapagos Archipelago (one species only, closely related to West Indian forms). According to Dr. Baur, the Galapagoan species, D. awreola (Gould), occurs on all the islands of the group. DENDROICA AUREOLA (Gould). Sylvicola aureola, GouLD, Zool. Voy. Beagle, Il], Birds, 1841, p. 86, pl. xxvii (Galapagos Archipelago).—-BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 309. Dendroica aureola, Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 192.—Bairp, Review, I, 1864, p. 194.—Barrp, BREWER, and RipGway, Hist. N. Amer. Birds, I, 1874, p. 217.—Ripa@way, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XTI, 1889, pp. 105, 119, 121-126 (Indefatigable, Charles, James, and Chatham islands).—TOWNSEND, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XX VII, No. 3, 1895, p. 122 (Cocos Island). Dendreca aureola, SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 325 (Indefatigable, Bindloe, and Abingdon islands); Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, p. 9.—SaLvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 473 (Indefatigable, Bindloe, and Abingdon islands); Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, p. 420 (Charles Island).—SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 66 (Charles Island); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, p. 282 (Inde- fatigable, Charles, and Abingdon islands; Gorgona Island, Panama Bay; Ecuador; Peru).—faczANOWSKI, Orn. du Pérou, I, 1884, p. 467 (Sta. Lucia and Tumbez, w. Peru). Dendroica petechia, L., var., SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 124 (Chatham, Charles, and James islands). Specific characters.—Very similar to D. petechia (Linnveus), but adult male with pileum more extensively and intensely orange-rufous. In other stages not with certainty distinguishable from D. petechia (?). Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Habel, Baur and Adams); Dunean Island (Baur and Adams); Charles Island (Darwin ?, Kinberg, Cookson, Albatross); Hood Island (Habel, Baur and Adams); Chatham [sland (Darwin ?, Kinberg, Jones, Albatross, Baur and Adams); Barrington Island (Baur and Adams); Indefatigable Island, (Habel, Albatross, Baur aud Adams); Jervis Island (Baur and Adams) ; James [sland (Darwin ?, Kinberg, Albatross, Baur and Adams); Tower Island (Baur and Adams); Bindloe Island (Darwin ?, Habel); Abingdon Island (Habel). Cocos Island (Townsend). Gorgona Island, Bay of 494 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, VOU. XIx. Panama (Kellett and Wood). Western Ecuador: Guayaquil (Baur and Adams). Western Peru: Santa Lucia (Stolzmann); Tumbez(Raimondi). Adult male—No. 81788, U.S.N.M.; Abingdon Island, Galapagos, April, 1879, Dr. A. Habel. Pileum light chestnut, the feathers clear lemon yellow basally; rest of upper parts yellowish olive green, paler and more grayish on rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts (except lesser) and remiges dusky blackish, the middle and greater coverts and ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS DENDROICA, GRAY, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. Cyenazo \ et 1. Redondo Rk, 85 ft, JAMES I) ba 1 QUERVIS I» iN CHATHAM | a Datrymple Rh, 1 BARRINGTON. Crossman Is, “sh be JT Pt ee es Brattle Is, CHARLES Blackbeach RX 1 1. Dendroica aureola (Gould). tertials broadly margined with canary yellow, the greater coverts so broadly edged with this color as almost to form a solid pateh on the closed wing; secondaries and three or four outermost primaries nar- rowly edged with olive-yellow, the remaining primaries and primary coverts with yellowish olive-gray. Inner webs of rectrices pale canary yellow, except for terminal portion, which is dusky; the yellow on three outermost feathers occupying full width of the web, while the fourth and fifth have a stripe of dusky next the shaft (widest on fifth), No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 495 both webs of the middle pair being dusky; outer webs of all the ree- trices edged with light olive-green. Whole side of head (ineluding superciliary region) and entire under parts rich yellow, becoming paler (canary yellow) posteriorly, on under wing-coverts and edges (broadly) of inner webs of remiges; chest and sides of breast marked with broad streaks (more or less cuneate or sagittate anteriorly) of rather light orange-chestnut, the sides and flanks with still narrower and paler streaks of the same. Bill blackish (in dried skin) with paler tomia; legs and feet brownish.! Length (skin), 4.70; wing, 2.55; tail (much worn), 2; exposed culmen, 0.48; tarsus, 0.85; middle toe, 0.48. Adult female.—No. 125901, U.S.N.M.; Chatham Island, March 30, 1891, C. H. Townsend. Altogether duller colored than the adult male. Above plain olive-green, becoming more yellowish on forehead; wings and tail as in adult male, but dusky color not so dark, and yellow edgings, etc., rather less sharply contrasted; superciliary stripe (wider and clearer in color on sides of forehead) and entire under parts clear yellow, rather less intense than in adult male, the under parts without trace of orange-chestnut streaks. Length (skin), 4.90; wing, 2.38; tail, 1.80; exposed culmen, 0.42; tarsus, 0.80; middle toe, 0.45, Young (male?).—No. 115904, U.S.N.M.; Charles Island, April 8, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Pileum and hind neck dull gray, the crown strongly tinged with olive-green; rest of upper parts grayish olive- green; wings and tail as in adult male, but yellow edgings paler, on terminal half or more of secondaries and ends of primaries passing into dull buffy whitish; under parts dull buffy white, tinged with olive- gray on sides and flanks and with pale yellow on anal region and under tail-coverts. I am unable to appreciate any constant differences between speci- mens from the several islands. Immature birds exhibit every interme- diate condition of plumage between the earliest stage, with dull white under parts and ashy gray hind neck and the full adult dress, as described above. Although said to occur on the coast of Ecuador and Peru, I have not seen a specimen from any part of the mainland. ‘Two adult males collected on Cocos Island by Mr. Townsend appear to be quite identical with Galapagos examples. ‘Legs flesh color, yellow behind; soles of feet yellow; bill dark brown above, bluish olive below.” (Adams, MS.) Unfortunately it is not stated whether the specimen from which the notes were taken was an adult male or otherwise. 496 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, VOU. x1x. Measurements of Dendroica aureola. ee ahi | | ean | 7 Col- é rap. | Mid- ae. | lec- | Sex and age. Locality. Date. wing, Tail. its a | dle eu2 || tcions | | aa al S- | toe. ——— See ee ae eee | 77759 | U.S. Adult male.| Abingdon Nelanid aslo h sees 2.67 | 2.02 | 0. 48 | 0.84 | 0.55 algstiel |ighsa) Bec’ dOmsee ae OO eens eee Apr. —,—— | 2.60] 1.98] .48] .85] .49 | ee ee Average....-. [Si Fe een 2.64 | 2.00| .48] .85| .52! 115993 |} U.S.}..-.- Giyetesss James Island. .-.---- | Apr. 11, 1888 2. 68 | 1.95 | -50 | 188 | 250° | | — =} et = = T7760 |) U-'9-|-=--- don s-- Indefatigable Island|.-..-......---- 2.70 | 2.05| .48| .88| .52 |, 827890) UO. Salo a2 -dor~ 2 =~} do........------| Oct. —,—— | 2.60] 2.00] .47} .87] .50 | Ne eee eee ee | ASVOLA PCY. 2a a}= Sa cas eee 2.65 | 2.03 | .48|] .88]| .51 —> = —=|> 125904 | U.S.|..-.- Aor Dunean Island..--. Apr. 2,1891 2 115901 | WS. )}--=-- NOenoaa- | Charles Island ..--. Apr. &, 1888 125896 | U.S.|..--- doe | See COs ee: Apr. 1, 1891 | ENS 6 ett ie a ei 115935: | WS: ===. - Ove tks- | Chatham Island....| Apr 4, 1888 125898 | U.S.|...-- GOyseecee lawene 035-5 - = onscreen Mar. 25, 1891 125900 |! U.S.}.-.-.-- domes |e-=-- dOsece=== cakes Sees Oe ANGLSPC}. << <= |e toa Scene ISIGTSs| Wats: soon doe Cocos Island --.----- | Feb. 28, 1891 131679 | U.5.|----- Ot ees ee GOre ane eee do: =-=-2- IANVORAL C2 soae nana - ee ‘ 115902 | U.S.) Adultfemale Charles Island-..-. | Apr. &, 1888 125900 | US: eo. - dO). ss<2 Chatham Island-...| Mar. 30, 1891 135650 | U.S.|..--- dapesa ieee do.-6-+2552s-25- | Apr. 4,1891 | AV OTAgS set se cen eseaeere sen Genus CERTHIDEA, Gould. Certhidea, GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., Pt. v, 1837, p.7. Type, C. oliracea, Gould. Generic characters.—Bill rather small (exposed culmen less than two- thirds the tarsus, not longer than middle toe without claw, usually shorter), pointed, deeper than broad at base; culmen distinctly ridged, nearly or quite straight for basal half (more or less), the terminal portion very slightly curved and the extreme base sometimes slightly convex; gonys straight or very slightly convex, shorter than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; maxillary tomium with an indistinet notch near tip (sometimes obvious only by very close inspection), its basal portion gradually curved downward from a point beneath or slightly anterior to nostril; nostrils exposed, rather large, horizontally oval, surrounded superiorly and posteriorly by membrane; rictal bristles distinct. Wing rather short (less than three times tarsus), rounded (second to fifth quills longest, first not longer than eighth), the primaries exceeding shortest secondaries by less than length of culmen. Tail short (nore than two-thirds the wing, less than twice tarsus), rounded. Tarsi long and slender, about twice exposed culmen, with scutellee indistinct on outer side; middlé toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw; hind toe about as long as lateral toes, but very much stouter, —— No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 497 its claw decidedly shorter than the digit. Colors, plain brownish, lighter below, with or without tawny-buff on throat or light wing-bars. Notwithstanding the close general resemblance of the species of this genus to the females of certain Coerebide of the genus Dacnis, I have long been convinced that Certhidea belonged to the Mniotiltidz rather than the Coerebidie, where it had been placed by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin. This view of its relationships has been confirmed by an exam- mation of its anatomical structure, made at my suggestion by Mr. F. A. Lucas It is but fair to question, however, whether Dacnis itself, if examined in the same way, would be found to agree in certain struc- tural characters with Coereba, Arbelorhina, and Glossiptila, the typical Coerebine forms with which Mr. Lucas’ comparison of Certhidea was made. Range.—Peculiar to the Galapagos Archipelago, where absent, ap- parently, only from Charles and Narborough Islands. (See map.) Owing to their extremely plain coloration it is very difficult to eon- struct a “key” to the species of this genus, a difficulty greatly en- hanced by the circumstance that | have at the present time examples of only four of the erght forms before me, and among these but few specimens in good plumage, the extensive series belonging to Dr. Baur having some time since been returned. The following attempt, there- fore, can only be regarded as provisional. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CERTHIDEA. a, No whitish wing bars. b'. Adult males with superciliary stripe and throat ochraceous-buff or tawny ; bill never (?) blackish. e'. Adult male with throat and superciliary stripe tawny or tawny ochraceous, remaining under parts dull light buffy. (James Island.) 1. C. olivacea (p. 498). e?, Adult male with throat and superciliary stripe ochraceous-buff, remain- ing under parts pale buff-yellow. (Indefatigable Island.) 2. C. salvini (p. 500). b?. Adult males without ochraceous-buff or tawny throat, ete. e!, Adults with chin like rest of under parts, or paler, and under wing- coverts whitish. d', Billnever (?) black. (Albemarle Island) --.-.- 3. C.albemarlet (p. 500). d?, Bill black or blackish, at least in some breeding adults. e', Bill larger (exposed culmen 0.40—0.45); upper parts distinetly oliva- ceous, lower parts strongly tinged with olive-yellowish. f!. Under parts distinctly buff yelowish, except in worn plumage. (GChaitihramplsland) eee e assem ea ae ee 4. C. luteola (p. 501). f?. Under parts buffy grayish white or very pale yellowish olive-gray. (Abingdon and Bindloe islands) ...-..-.... 5. C. fusca (p. 502). e!, Bill smaller (exposed culmen less than 0.40); upper parts dull olive- gray, lower parts dull whitish. (Hood Island.) 6. C. cinerascens (p.503). ce. Adult with chin and under wing-coverts buff. (Tower Island.) 7. C. mentalis (p. 504). a. Two whitish wing bands. (Barrington Island). ---. 8. C. bifasciata (p. 504). Proc. N. M. vol. xix 29 a BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, You. xIx. Birds of this genus were collected by Messrs. Baur and Adams on Jervis and Dunean islands, but to what species they belong has not been determined, since the specimens were among those lost at Guaya- ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS CERTHIDEA, GOULD. Bees h quil. DWEEMAN oRedondo Rk, eS ft, Ghote t Brattle Is, Blackbeach 1. Certhidea olivacea, Gould. 2. Certhidea salvini, Ridgway. 3. Certhidea albemarlei, Ridgway. 4. Certhidea luteola, Ridgway. 5. Certhidea fusca, Sclater and Salvin. Q overvist, Crossman Ts, CHARLES Ake OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. 5? “1 > © Lomein lh CHATHAM | Dalrymple Rk, . : TON |. “Bh 1 . Certhidea cinerascens, Ridgway. Certhidea mentalis, Ridgway. . Certhidea bifasciata, Ridgway. . (Undetermined form.) CERTHIDEA OLIVACEA, Gould. Certhidea olivacea, GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., Pt. v, 1837, p..7 (Galapagos Islands) ; Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 106, pl. xLrv (part: James Island),.—Sat- vIn, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 476 (part: James Island specs. only).—ScLater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XI, 1886, p. 28 (part: James Island only).—RipGway, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, pp. 105, 119, 123, 125 (part: James Island). no. 1116. See Ee RENOS OF THE NATIONAL ee 499 Specific char acter s—Plain light olive above, somewhat grayer on head and neck; under parts light bufty or cream-buff, shaded with-light olive Pierally: adult male with superciliary stripe, chin, and throat cinna- mon-tawny or tawny ochraceous; mandible always (?) pale colored. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: James Island (Darwin, Townsend, Baur and Adams). Adult male.—No, 556, collection Dr. G. Baur, James Island, August 17,1891. Pileum and hind neck olive-gray; rest of upper parts light olive; wings and tail dusky, feathers edged with light olive, the middle wing-coverts broadly tipped and the greater coverts broadly edged with wood brown. A superciliary stripe, extending from bill to about 0.15 of an inch behind the eye, lower eyelid, malar region, chin, and throat cinnamon-tawny or deep tawny ochraceous; lores and suborbital region pale dull buffy; ear-coverts light buffy grayish; median portion of breast and abdomen and under tail-coverts cream-buff, many of the feathers of the breast marked with a more or less concealed, ill-defined spot of pale tawny, the shorter under tail-coverts tinged with the same color; lateral lower parts deep grayish buffy. Upper mandible dusky, lower entirely pale; ‘iris dark brown;” legs deep horn brown, the feet consid- erably darker. Length (skin), 3.60; wing, 2.15; tail, 1.40; exposed culmen, 0.32; tarsus, 0.80; middle toe, 0.48. Young male.—No. 115995, U.S.N.M., James Island, April 11, 1894. Above similar to the adult, but plumage of looser texture, and wing- coverts margined terminally with cinnamon-buffy; beneath as in adult, except anteriorly, the chin, throat, and chest, as well as supraloral and superciliary regions, being dull buffy whitish or very pale dull grayish buffy. It is singular that, although figured in the Zoology of the Beagle (Birds, pl. 44, lower figure'), the plumage of the adult male, as described above, has hitherto been undescribed, all authors, from Darwin and Gould to Salvin, ignoring it. It is so very distinct from the ordinary (immature) plumage as to give a decided impression at first of repre- senting a different species. The specimen above described is the deep- est colored of four adult males in the collection of Messrs. Baur and Adams, all the others being considerably paler, both as to the general color of the under parts and the tawny color of the throat, ete. The two remaining specimens are also males, and were collected on the same dates as those in the tawny-throated plumage; but they are both evidently young birds, as are also the two Albatross specimens, collected April 11, one of the latter being a male, the other with sex undetermined. All specimens seen of this species have the under mandible light colored. 1 The fig ure is, foveven very badly eoterea 500 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, vou. xix. CERTHIDEA SALVINI, Ridgway. Certhidea olivacea (nec GOULD), SCLATER and SaLvIn, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 323 (indefatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago).—SaLvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. rx, 1876, p. 476 (excl. syn. part: Indefatigable Island).—ScLaTER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XI, 1886, p. 28 (Indefatigable Island).—RipGway, Proce. U_S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, pp. 119, 122 (Indefatigable Island). Certhidea salvini, RipGway, Proc U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, No. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 858 (Indefatigable Island ; collection of Dr. G. Baur). Specific characters.—Similar to C. olivacea, Gould, of James Island, but much yellower below, the upper parts more decidedly and uniformly olivaceous, and the bill larger; adult male with throat, etc., ochraceous- buff instead of tawny. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Indefatigable Island (Habel, Baur and Adams). Adult male.—Type, No. 438, collection of Dr. G. Baur, Indefatigable Island, August 6, 1891. Above brownish olive (decidedly browner than C. olivacea), the pileum and hind neck quite uniform with the back, ete., but the rump and upper tail-coverts brighter, more tinged with tawny olive; wings and tail dusky, the feathers edged broadly with the color of the back, inclining on greater wing-coverts to wood brown. Supraloral streak, orbits, chin, and throat, soft ochraceous-buff, the latter slightly mottled with buffy whitish; rest of under parts pale butf- yellow, deepening on sides and flanks into a more brownish tint. Upper mandible dark brown, lower brownish white; “iris dark brown;” legs dark horn brown; feet dusky. Length (skin), 3.60; wing, 2.10; tail, 1.38; exposed culmen, 0.40; tarsus, 0.81; middle toe, 0.48. Adult female.—No. 77757, U.S.N.M., Indefatigable Island, August 30, 1868; Dr. A. Habel. Similar to the adult male, as described above, but supraloral streak, orbits, chin, and throat pale dull grayish buffy, like general color of under parts, only paler and duller. Wing, 2.10; tail, 1.40; tarsus, 0.79; middle toe, 0.50 (bill broken). Females and immature males are much more olivaceous above than those of C. olivacea, and the under parts are conspicuously more yel- lowish. All of the seven examples, two of which are in the United States National Museum collection, have the under mandible pale brown or whitish. CERTHIDEA ALBEMARLEI, Ridgway. Certhidea albemarlei, RripbGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, No. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 360 (Albemarle Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection of Dr. G. Baur). Specific characters.—Similar to C. olivacea, Gould, of James and Jeryis islands, but under parts nearly clear pale buff, and tips of mid. dle and greater wing-coverts deeper rusty. Range. — Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Baur and Adains). No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 501 Adult?.—Type, No. 595, collection Dr. G. Baur, Albemarle Island, July 21, 1891. Above uniform dull grayish brown, slightly tinged with olive; wings and tail dusky, the feathers broadly edged with the color of the back: middle and greater wing-coverts rather broadly tipped with cinnamon; under parts cream-buff, paler on belly, more brownish on sides and flanks. Upper mandible light brown, darker on culmen; lower mandible brownish white; tarsi pale horn color, toes somewhat darker. Wing, 2.05; tail, 1.45; exposed culmen, 0.40; tar- sus, 0.83. Another specimen from Cowley Bay, Kast Albemarle (August 10), is quite like the one described above. CERTHIDEA LUTEOLA, Ridgway. Certhidea olivacea (part), GOULD, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 106 (Chat- ham Island, Galapagos Archipelago).—SaLvIn, Trans. Zool. Soc., LX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p.476 (part: Chatham Jsland).—ScLaTeER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XI, 1886, p.28 (Chatham Island).—RipGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, pp. 105 (part), 121 (Chatham Island). Certhidea luteola, RipbGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, No. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 360 (Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection of Dr. G. Baur). Specifie characters.—Most like C. olivacea, Gould, of James and Jer- vis islands, but much brighter olivaceous above and (except in very abraded plumage) distinctly buff-yellowish beneath. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Chatham Island (Darwin, Town- send, Baur and Adams). Adult male.—Type, No. 56, collection of Dr. G. Baur, Chatham Island, June 17,1891. Above uniform bright olive or buffy olive; wings and tail dusky, feathers broadly edged with the color of the back, the tips of the middle and greater wing-coverts (rather broadly) pale olive- buff, producing two indistinct bands across the wing. Superciliary streak extending from nostrils to above posterior angle of eye, eyelids, and entire under parts light buff yellowish, deepest on throat, else- where tinged with olive, especially on sides and flanks; under wing- coverts and under tail-coverts pale yellowish buff. Bill wholly deep black; ‘iris brown;” legs and feet dark brown. Wing, 2.13; tail, | 1.52; exposed culmen, 0.40; tarsus, 0.82; middle toe, 0.45. | Young male.—No. 115940, U.S.N.M., “high hills,” Chatham Island, _ April 5, 888, C. H. Townsend. Above deep olive-brown, much darker | on pileum (approaching sooty on forehead), more fulvescent on rump and upper tail-coverts, many of the feathers of top of head, hind neck, and _ back showing very indistinct tips of dusky, producing a very faint], mottled appearance; greater wing-coverts conspicuously edged and tipped with bright tawny; secondaries edged with tawny olive. Sides of head and neck, throat, and chest nearly uniferm dull light grayish brown, mixed with pale dull buffy, the feathers dusky gray basally; sides and flanks similar but browner; median portion of under 502 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vow. x1x. parts, posterior to chest, dull pale buffy, nearly white on lower belly and anal region. There are seven specimens of this very distinct form in Dr. Baur’s collection, and six in the National Museum collection. None of the latter are in perfect plumage, however, and I have accordingly been obliged to select one of Dr. Baur’s specimens as the type. Two of Dr. Baur’s specimens (both adult males, obtained June 17 and 18, while “in full song”) and one of the United States National Museum specimens (obtained March 30, and in greatly worn plumage) have the bill entirely deep black. All the rest have the under mandi- ble pale brownish, the upper deep brown or dusky. Among the latter are apparently adult birds of both sexes, obtained April 5 and June 16-18; but they may be young birds which have just assumed the adult plumage. Measurements of Certhidea luteola. | | le = roses Mid- Num.- |Collec-| .. : - |mo-. |posed| Tar- erent Sex and age. Locality. Date. | Wing.) Tail. Gale ltenae - men. |- oe. | ee are ep | 5 eee ee ieee os || 115939 | U.S. | Adult --.-.- Chatham Island...) Apr. 5,1888) 2.08 ...-.- ...... 0.83 | 0.48 1 125908") US. |) Adult:maley-|=--- a bey PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 505 PROGNE MODESTA (Neboux). Hirundo concolor (nec SYKES, 1832), GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., Pt. v, 1837, p. 22 (Galapagos Archipelago; collection of Zool. Soe. Lond. ). Progne concolor, BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., I, 1850, p. 337. —BairD, Rev. Amer. Birds, I, 1864, p. 278.—SaLvIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX. Pt. 1X, 1876, p. 476 —SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, p. 176 (“Chatham Island” '),—RiIpGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 105 (Eden Rock, Indefatigable Island), ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS PROGNE, BOIE, IN GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. DWENMAN 1. (paincoon 1 Cay I. (rower! gfedondo Rk. ‘S57t 0 ate a en Gyames 1. bo eae NU QueRVIS I A hegivee ye SUNCAN AS) eect 1, CHATHAM 1 $4 ALBEMARLE 1. Saadeh (eee : Pt Cristozke. Crassinan fs yh an ore | Brattle Is ee INARGOROUGH ! ee ae (— \ X, aie ee. CHAR es fi oan Blackbeach Ri, 1. Progne modesta (Néboux). Hirundo modesta, NéBoux, Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 291 (Charles Island).—SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 125 (James Island). Progne modesta,? GOULD, Zool. Voy. Beagle, II, Birds, 1841, p. 39, pl. v (James Island, Galapagos).—Prfvost et Drs Mors, Voy. Vénus, 1855, p. 182. 1 Although Dr. Sharpe gives Chatham Island as the locality of Darwin’s specimen, Mr. Darwin himself says he obtained it on James Island. » Proyne modestus ou plate. 506 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY., vou. x1x. Specific characters. —Similar to P. subis (Linneus), but much smaller; adult male less glossy, and “ having no silky white feathers on the sides of the back or sides of the breast” (Sharpe); adult female much darker than that of P. subis. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Charles Island (Néboux); Indefati- gable Island (Habel,! Albatross); James Island (Darwin, Kinberg). Adult male.—“ Similar to P. purpurea |i. e., P. subis|, but smaller, and having no silky white feathers either on the sides of the back or sides of the breast. Total length, 6.5 inches; culmen, 0.45; wing, 4.95; tail, 2.7; tarsus, 0.45.” (Sharpe.’) Adult female.—No. 116038, U.S.N.M., Eden Rock, Indefatigable Island, April 12; U. 8.8. Albatross. Above sooty blackish, strongly glossed with violaceous steel blue on back, scapulars, and rump, more faintly glossed with greenish on wings and tail. Under parts deep sooty brown, the feathers with v ce indistinct and narrow paler term- inal margins. Wing, 4.85; tail, 2.40 (middle feathers, 1.90); exposed culmen, 0.42; width of bill at ae 0.58, at anterior frontal feathers, 0.35; tarsus, 0.49; middle toe, 0.50. According to Gould* the adult male has “the upper and under sur- face . . . not so strongly a marked purple shade as in P. purpurea. The primaries and feathers of the tail, however, have a greenish gloss, perhaps slightly more metallic. Tail not so deeply forked as in P. pur- purea, which is owing to the two external feathers on each side not being so much prolonged and bent outward as in that species. Nos- trils of less size than in the latter, although the beaks differ but little. Claws and feet are much less strong,” ete. The single adult male in the National Museum collection (No. 52412, U.S.N.M., James Island, obtained from Professor Sundeyall) is in worn and tarnished plumage and therefore unfit for description. Its meas- urements are as follows: Length (skin), 6.10; wing, 4.85; tail, 2.42 (mid- dle feathers, 1.85); exposed culmen, 0.45, width of bill at base, 0.55; tarsus, 0.48; middle toe, 0.45. The female of this species is totally different in the coloration of the lower parts from that of P. subis, but much resembles “P. elegans,” Baird, which was based on an immature male and young female of P. furcata, Baird.’ It differs, however, from the two examples of “P. elegans” in having the paler tips to the feathers of the under parts far less distinct (only appreciable, in fact, at near view). In the volume of .the British Museum catalogue cited above, Mr. peo cee gives ee Island as the ey of the type specimen. iaeen, but not Cee at Peon de la Aguada; see Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 459. 2Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, p. 176. 3 Zool. Beag., III, p. 39. 4Review Amer. Birds, p. 275. 5 See Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, p. 176. NO. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 507 This can not be, however, since Mr. Darwin’ mentions only James Island as its habitat. Mr. Sharpe has made similar mistakes regarding type localities of Geospiza nebulosa and G. parvula. Family FRINGILLID 2. Genus GEOSPIZA, Gould. Geospiza, GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., Pt. V, 1837, p.5. Type, G. magnirostris, Gould. Cactornis, GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soec., Pt. v, 1837, p. 6. Type, C. scandens, Gould. Generic characters.—Bill exceedingly variable in relative length, depth, and width, its lateral outlines and gonys nearly (sometimes quite) straight, and tip acute; culmen, from extreme base, less than two-thirds to quite as long as tarsus; depth of bill at base less than half culmen to nearly as long as culmen, but always greater than width of mandi- ble at base; culmen more or less convex (always most so basally), but sometimes almost straight; the basal portion usually strongly ridged and sometimes elevated and strongly arched; gonys straight or almost inappreciably convex, decidedly shorter than length of maxilla from nostril; maxillary tomium without subterminal notch, first faintly (sometimes almost inappreciably) concave, then about as much convex, again reéntering at the beginning of the abrupt and very conspicuous basal deflection; mandibular tomium nearly straight or slightly convex, with its basal portion abruptly deflected, but the angle thus formed not toothed; nostrils very small, oval or nearly circular; no obvious rietal bristles. Wing rather short (a little more than 3 to nearly 34 times tarsus), rounded (second to fourth quills longest, first not longer than fifth, usually shorter); primaries exceeding secondaries by less than exposed culmen; tertials not longer than secondaries. Tail short (decidedly more than half the wing, a little less to a little more than twice as long as tarsus), slightly rounded, the feathers broad, with rounded tips, about half hidden by the coverts. Outstretched feet reaching to or beyond tip of tail; tarsus about equal to middle toe with claw (sometimes a little longer or shorter), its scutelle distinct; lateral toes very long, reaching to nearly middle of last phalanx of middle toe, their claws reaching to or decidedly beyond the base of the middle claw; hind toe shorter than lateral toes, its claw nearly or quite as long as the digit. Color: Fully adult males entirely black, including bill and feet, but under tail-coverts with broad whitish or buffy margins; immature males, females, and young grayish brown streaked and spot- ted with dusky above, beneath light colored with conspicuous dusky streaks, the bill largely light volored (except in some adult females and immature males). Range.—Peculiar to the Galapagos Archipelago. Few genera equal the present one in the extreme modifications in the form of the bill, which in some species (magnirostris and strenua) is ‘Zoology of the Beagle, Birds, p. 39. 508 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vou xx. perhaps not excelled by that of any other member of the family Frin- gillidee in its extreme thickness, in-others (members of the so called genus Cactornis) slender and decurved, in others very acute, with straight outlines, and in others still elevated and arched at the base. The most extreme forms are, however, so gradually connected by inter- mediate types, that there seems no possibility of satisfactorily subdi- viding the genus into two or more sections. The extreme modifications of the bill and some of the conuecting forms are shown in the outline illustrations on Plate LVIT. The reduction of Cactornis to a synonym of Geospiza has already been made in my paper describing the new species of Galapagos birds in Dr. Baur’s collection,! in which is announced “the discovery of species which absolutely bridge the previously existing gap between the so-called genera Geospiza and Cactornis, thus necessitating the Suppression of one of these names (the latter, according to the rule of priority).” Dr. Baur, who has had the advantage of studying these birds in life, disapproves of this, as the following extract from one of his letters will show: I should like to make a few remarks, if you will permit me, about Cactornis and Geospiza. You place the species of these two gener in one genus, Geospiza. Ido not think that this is natural. Both have their peculiar representatives on the different islands, and if you place them together this peculiir differentiation of each is lost sight of. Cactornis is more slender than Geospiza, ind has many more black individuals. I would keep the two genera apart, and would not hesitate to place G@. propingua in Cactornis. Tam quite willing to adopt Dr. Baur’s views concerning the position of G. propinqua, which I had compared with G. conirostris (a true Geospiza); but, while admitting that it would be very convenient to recognize Cactornis it any definite characters could be found, I am still of the opimon that not a single character can be found which will serve to separate them. The character which comes nearest to doing so is, apparently, the relative width of the mandible between the bases of the rami to the length of the gonys, which is very much less in typical “Cactornis” than in true Geospiza. This greater compression of the bill even serves to trenchantly separate “Cactornis” propingua from G. conirostris, some individuals ot which are almost precisely alike in the lateral profile and measurements of the bill; but the use of this char- acter as a generic one would necessitate the removal of Geospiza di ffi- cilis and G, acutirostris, perhaps also G. parrula, to Cactornis; and it is difficult to see how the group can be divided into two genera without one or two more being necessary; for there is certainly more difference between such species as Geospiza magnirostris and G, pachyrhyncha on the one hand and G. fuliginosa, G. debilirostris, ete., on the other, than ‘Descriptions of Twenty-two New Species of Birds from the Galapagos Islands, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVII (advance sheets published November 15, 1894), pp. 397-370, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 509 between “Cactornis” brevirostris aud Geospiza fratercula, or between C, propingua and G. conirostris. Purthermore, if this group be recognized to consist of two or more genera instead of one, then, to be consistent, Camarhynchus must also be divided into three genera. A very careful consideration of all the facts in the case, as they ap- pear to me, compels me to conclude that the safest course is to regard the species of “‘ Cactornis” as simply more slender-billed Geospizc, the degree of departure from the typical Geospizine bill being largely a specific character. This is a conclusion which I regret having to adopt, for L regard large genera as a nuisance, and would be glad to have the slightest excuse for keeping Geospiza to its old limits. Asa matter of convenience, I have separated the species into two groups, which correspond in their limits with Cactornis and Geospiza as usually recognized;! but how slight and unsatisfactory a basis this division rests upon may be seen by reference to the characters given in the first part of the following “ key to the species.” Owing to the gradual transition from one form to another, and the almost perfect resemblance between them in coloration, 1 have found it impossible to construct an analytical “key” to the species after the usual plan, but have drawn up the following as an aid to their more ready identification. Iam prevented from making the “key” more sat- isfactory by the circumstance that I have no specimens of G. assimilis and G. barringtoni for comparison with the other so-called Cactorni, and am therefore unable to give comparative measurements of these forms alongside of G. fatigata and G. abingdont. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GEOSPIZA. a!, Width of mandible at base (across chin) nearly or quite equal to, sometimes ereater than, length of gonys..-..-..----- Subgenus Geospiza. . Width of mandible at base (across chin) much less than length of gonys. w Subgenus Cactornis. Subgenus GEOSPIZA. a’. Depth of bill at base greater than length of maxilla from nostril. b'. Bill very short and thick, its depth at base very much greater than length of maxilla from nostril. c'. Gonys more than 0.50 of an inch. d'!, Wing 3.55-3.70, tail 2-2.10. (Charles and Chatham Islands.) 1. G. magnirostris (p. 512). d?. Wing less than 3.50, tail less than 2. e'. Depth of bill at base more than 0.80; width of mandible at base (across chin) more than 0.65. (Tower Island.) 2. G. pachyrhyncha (p.516). e2. Depth of bill at base less than 0.80; width of mandible at base (across chin) less than 0.65. (Abingdon, Bindloe, James, Jervis, Indefatigable, Chatham, and Charles islands. ) 3. G. strenua (p. 514). ‘With this difference: Cactornis pallida, Sclater and Salvin, I have transferred to Camarhynchus, to which it is certainly far more nearly related (see p. 544). * 510 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vouxix. c*. Gonys less than 0.50 of an inch. (Chatham Island; Albemarle Island ?.) 4. G. dubia (p.519). b*, Bill moderately short and thick, its depth at base little if any greater than length of maxilla from nostril. e', Length of maxilla from nostril more than 0.50. d', Culmen nearly straight, much exceeding 0.80 (0.85-0.95). (Hood Island. ) d. G. conirostris (p. 516). d*, Culmen decidedly convex, not exceeding 0.80 (0.78-0.80). e'. Larger: Wing 3.20, depth of bill at base 0.68. (James Island. ) 6. G. bauri (p.518). e? Smaller: Wing 2.90-3.10, depth of bill at base 0.60-0.65. (Hood Island) 'a.22 2-32 2-2. See ee 7. G. media (p.517). e?, Length of maxilla from nostril less than 0.50. d‘, Wing 2.50 or more. e'. Depth of bill at base not less than 0.50 (0.50-0,53). (Charles, Chat- ham, James, Indefatigable, Albemarle, and Bindloe islands. ) 8. G. fortis (p. 521). e*. Depth of bill at base less than 0.50. f'. Depth of bill at base 0.40 or more. (Abingdon Island.) 9. G. fratercula (p. 525). f°. Depth of bill at base less than 0.40. (Chatham, James, Indefatiga- ble, Duncan, Charles, Hood, Albemarle, and Abingdon islands. ) 10. G. fuliginosa (p. 526). d?, Wing less than 2.50. e'. Bill shorter (from nostril 0.30), culmen more curved. (James, Bindloe, Abingdon, and Chatham islands.) ll. G. parvula (p. 529). e*. Bill longer (from nostril 0.40), more acute, culmen nearly straight. (Lower Island), 223 Sa ee 12. G. acutirostris (p.531). a*. Depth of bill at base less than length of maxilla from nostril. b'. Maxillary tomium slightly toothed. (Charles Island; Chatham Island.) 13. G, dentirostris (p.532). b*, Maxilliary tomium not toothed. ce’, Culmen nearly straight, much elevated basally; wing 2.35-2.45. (Abingdon Island; Charles Island??).... 14. G. difficilis (p.532). e?, Culmen more convex, less elevated basally; wing 2.90. (James Island.) 22ca532-C es ee eran 15. G. debilirostris (p. 533). Subgenus CACTORNIS. a‘. Depth of bill at nostril not exceeding length of gonys. b', Culmen not more than 0.72. (James Island) .. 16 (1). G. scandens (p. 534), b?. Culmen 0.75 or more. e'. Culmen not more than 0.79, basal depth of bill not more than 0.40. (Charlas‘Tsland).-2---o 17 (2). G. intermedia (p. 535). e*, Culmen not less than 0.79, basal depth of bill not less than 0.40. (Bindloe Island) <7. iS eee 18 (3). G. assimilis (p. 537). (Indefatigable Island) ...................... 19 (4). G. fatigata (p.539). (Abingdon Island ):c 32-22 ee 20 (5). G. abingdoni (p. 540). (Barrington Islandg).. 022 eee 21 (6). G barringtoni (p. 541). a*. Depth of bill at nostril exceeding length of gonys. b'. Smaller, with more slender and pointed bill; culmen 0.70-0.72, wing 2.70-2.80, (Charles Island; Indefatigable Island ?.) 22 (7). G. brevirostris (p. 541). Large, with stouter and blunter bills; culmen 0.82-0.90, wing 2.95-3.15. (Tower Island)... 5 '-6. ge. C- 88 (8). G. propinqua (p. 543). bd. he ee ee No. 1116. ae co PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 511 ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS GEOSPIZA, GOULD. 9 10 1114 3 811 espncice I. (Tower |, INDEFATIGABLE | 3 (Yyancoon le Redondo fk, ast, \ 0 ' $ 36 8 10 1115 NARBOR OUGH QUERVIS I, 5 2 1??3 16 DUNCAN |. 8 10 os P ALBEMARLE I. Pt. Cristophe 1? 4? 8 10 Crossr-an Is, 1 TI Pt. Essex SBrattle Ls. 3 8 10 13 JA? CHARLES Blackbeach Rit 9/2 91 Geospiza magnirostris, Gould. 9 Geospiza pachyrhyncha, Ridgway. 10. Geospiza strenua, Gould. 11. Geospiza dubia, Gould. 12. Geospiza conirostris, Ridgway. 13. Geospiza bauri, Ridgway. 14, Geospiza media, Ridgway. 15. . Geospiza fortis, Gould. 16. a. Subgenus GEOSPIZA. OUTLINE CHART OF THE (GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. 2 12 K oa 11? 16 4" GTON | 57 10 . Geospiza fratercula, Ridgway. Geospiza fuliginosa, Gould. Geospiza parvula, Gould. Geospiza acutirostris, Ridgway. Geospiza dentirostris, Gould. Geospiza dificilis, Sharpe. Geospiza debilirostris, Ridgway. (Undetermined form. ) 512 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vow. x1x. b. Subgenus CACTORNIS, Gould. Ste Set aes a OUTLINE CH/“7 OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. DweNman A (Ypeincoon 1, : 8 pie 1 (rower ft Redondo Rk, 85 ft. 1327 Tagus dou Cove. fi QUERVIS I A NARBOROUGH, ° 1 i 4 q DUNCAN LS 4 7! 7 &y | Dalrympene ALBEMARLE I. aly mple Pt Cristophe eahcec - 6 sarRINGTON |. . com : Freahicate} L Pt. Essex Brattle Is., Bay, CHARLES 51. Blackbeach REV 12.55} 1.60) .54) .35). 30) . 28). ..|.58 125928 le WinSs jees-- C0 see. eee Gb epeeiaae eee ace do ..----}2.55] 1.65) .55) .38). 30] . 28). 80). 58 149809 | U.S. | Immature male}..... GOs pep sacsnses Apr. 10, 1888 2.50) 1.60) .51) . 33. 28 - 25). 78). -- | —_ -— —|— AVeOrafve..-..|.-------- «---|2.52} 1.57] .54) . 35). 29 ees j | — } 115884 | U.S. | Adult male....) Duncan Island.... Apr. 13,1888 2.52) 1.60) .48| 38.26) .27.78).55 | (S857) TWsSsi Poon GOiee epee) aoe CO AAS Secaces Ieee doe -=- 2.52) 1.50) .50) .35). 28) . 28). 78). 55 | 115886 | U.S. |...-.. dO tance cnt |- cued GO. seen ee cesta OO cecc-- 2.45) 1.58) .52) .33). 27) . 27]. 78). 55 | M5887) Wailea G02 baecoes| ase 2 CO) 5 25.. 52 odoaes |e see doe 2,48] 1.47) .50| .33).25| .27|. 78).57 | | 115888 | U.S. |}....-. GO. 2ESs.55 | -8 CO en ETE SE se Eee Gore: 2.50) 1.57) .52) .35).27) . 27). 75'. 53 LTSSB9) | Use lesen GOs sc caee selec. OO Roses sae eae OGias--— 2.48) 1.52) .50) . 33). 25) O72; 53 | | | | No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 529 Measurements of Geospiza fuliginosa —Continued. | | | a eet | nee S es | | A.) ios x Num- | Collec- Sex and age. Locality. Date. | I SESH ES = ber. | tion. | > | S r eerie lia al ect naar | 2) " ® | Bin SIR 1S | | A TA | 8 |a a nF og S Wet a O18 | Sy |} F | a |e ia iS 9 a = = | = || = uf = aes a : | = All n 99! oq! Og! anl 115890 | U.S. | Adult male -..| Dunean Island.-) Apr. 13,1888) 2.48 | 1.55) £50) . 38|.28| .28!. 80'.5 PSs Sulina One ous eahe See WO eee eee Gorseee. | 2.45 | 1.49) .51) .34/.28 .26.77|.43 125959 | U.S. | Immature male.--.. Gorse: | Apr. 2,1891| 2.40 | 1.49) .49) .33).27) .27).73). 49 PA5960' | Wiens. levers. ote see eee Govesarss sashes: Gorrese: 12.40! 1.40) .51! . 36). 27) .27/. 801.58 Ss | | pie Se ae pan ' | ] revacens: betsy awe | 2.47 | 1.48) 50) .35), 27 7 116078 | U.S. | Adult male....| Hood Island....| Apr. 7,1888| 2.42 | 1.48] .53) .34]. 27 ts 149832 | U.S- | Immaturemale-.-..- does ecsate (hess Goweaeera 2. 39 | 1, 42| ol} - 30). 26 f 149834 | U.S. | Aduitmale.-.-.|..... (0) ei see owes 2.48 | 1.60) .52) .38).25 r 149835 | U.S. | Immature male QO eens Sete GO eeeee DESO eoOleebalboelaos | 149836) | WIS: [osene Dome ease do eae alkoer GoRee eee) 2. 40 1.50) . 49) .32). 24 | 149837 | UNS. e+: Coates See ae dOheeee wate saat QOmeesE (2.35) 1.49.51) . 34). 28 3 14984 Oss: | Adultmales-- | 2.5: GOvasoes actos oe sist G\insaanae | 2.55 1.45) .53) £37). 28 } | a eee =| | Arenas cee. eee ee 2.46 | 1.49!" 51] . 351.27) . 271. 78). 56 | . | '- ——SS aS == 125954 | U.S. | Adultfemale..| Charles Island..| Apr. 1, 1891 | 2.50 | (1.45)| .52) .35. 28) . 25). 72]. 52 IPE |) WIS Agee dorset Clie oepeeene [erates doeeecae 2. 52 1.50) .55) . 35. 29) . 28). 79). 53 NZD95TH | TORS! loa. dorsaess-. = fyeenac dOWesaSceeeee Qovesee = 2.43 | 1.50) .50| .30).29) 6). 73 52 | Wyeragernul ts steer cee| 2.48 | 1.50) 52.33 29) . 26. 75). 52 | | | | =| | | === == AS OSes sul 2. dopeseemcee Albemarle Is- | Apr. 10,1888 | 2.38 | 1.52! .49) .30'.28) . 26], 67|. 49 land. | | 1498115) \|| WisiSs}2- 2... COs aeeciaee eset COmeeweiteccesleeae doi=see' OveOu|secee | .44) .30..25) . 25). 64 cae MOST Gal Wiss eee Gots ae Nee eres @ojeSenase selectome Come as= = 2.30 | 1.38) .48) .33'.28) . 28). 76].... HA 9S1S )) Wreise se = One seeks: lejeretere dO. saeese ser aee dorecene 2.42 | 1.55) .50) .382. 24) . 26). 78).... | | | |—|—— | —-|_ —|—-|——_ ! I SAV OT AG Ole salle letel ania == 2.37 | 1.481. 48) nods 26) . 26), 74). 49 A15892' ||, WSs, |-<.2-dor.<<---<- | Duncan Island..| Apr. 13,1888 | 2.46 | 1.55] .52) . 33). 20] . 28). 75). 51 aSEOS NWS. /2422% dor nni®: | NE (rd PN ee doe 2.45 | 1.55) .50) .35). 26) . 27). 75). 52 | | | a a a es MVORAP CE alos ease eee -.| 2.46 | 1,55] .51] .34|. 28] . 28). 75). 52 | iz == = -=:=| —— 149833) U.S. |... - dove-aaa- Hood Island ....| Apr. 7, 1888] 2.37 |} 1.58) 50) . 31}. 26] . 26). 75). 52 AAORSBH|aWe Sell oxeedolsceccas slgsns opeessea ge leemeedope ames | 2.38 | 1.43) .50| . 32]. 28) . 28). 78). 55 ECR | Wiotss leaaete donee ace ae sees Oe ease tetera dor ssess- 2.50 } 1.52) .50) .31).26) . 27). 77). 51 149840 | U.S. |: .:-- COrs s-2/215;5'<|s acs GO sez aces oeeeocs Oye. 2. 33 iL 37 52) .32).25) . 26). 71. 52 I | | Xveracork | Sao cee see sae 2. 40 a ze a 26) . 27.77]. 53 | ceo) (ee eee uae oa a, Io GEOSPIZA PARVULA, Gould. (Plate LVII, fig. 18.) Geospiza parvula, GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., Pt. v, 1837, p. 6 (Galapagos Islands!) 5 Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 102, pl. xxx1x (James Island).—Bona- PARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p.543.—Gray, Hand-l., II, 1870, p. 88.—ScLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 323 (Bindloe and Abingdon islands) ; Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, p. 27.—SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 125 (Chatham Island).—Satvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 483 (James, Chatham, Bindloe, and Abingdon islands); Cat. Strickl. Coll. 1882, p. 219.—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, p. 13 (Chatham, James, Abingdon, and Bind- loe islands).—RipG@way, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 107 (Abingdon Island). Specific characters.—Similar to G. fuliginosa, Gould, but smaller, with bill more compressed and with straighter outlines; adult males (always?) 'Mr. Sharpe designates as the ‘‘types of the species” a pair from Chatham Island; but as Mr. Darwin, in the ‘‘ Zoology of the Beagle” mentions only James Island in connection with the species, I think this is an error. (See also remarks under Progne modesta, on p. 505.) Iroc Ne Vi. vol, xix————-34- 530 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, vou. x1x. with belly and fle anks streaked or intermixed with whitish, and rump grayish olive; adult females plain pale grayish buffy beneath or with only the chest streaked; young (females at least) also plain pale gray- ish buffy beneath. Wing, about 2.25-2.35; tail, 1.30-1.42; culmen, 0.45-0.48; depth of bill at base, 0.30-0.31; tarsus, 0.70-0.72. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Chatham isiaud (Kinberg, Town- send); ? Barrington Island (Baur and Adams); ? Indefatigable Island (Baur and Adams); James Island (Darwin); Bindloe Island (Habel); Abingdon Island (Habel, Albatross). Aduli (2?) male.'\—No. 77755, U.S.N.M.; Abingdon Island, Galapagos, November 15-30, 1868; Dr. A. Habel. Upper parts, head, neck, and chest uniform sooty black, more dusky brown posteriorly, the rump dull grayish olive; rest of under parts sooty blackish, indistinetly streaked with pale buffy grayish, the under tail-coverts buffy white with a central sagittate mark of dusky and the basal half clear slate- gray. Bill wholly black; legs and feet blackish brown. Length (skin), 3.55 (before skinning), 4.50; wing, 2.35; tail, 1.39; culmen, 0.48; gonys, 0.25; basal width of mandible, 0.25; Seat depth of bill, 0.51; tarsus, 0.73; middle toe, 0.53. Younger male.—No. 77754, U.S.N.M.; same locality, ete. Dark grayish brown or sooty, the under parts narrowly streaked with dull brownish white; maxilla brownish black, mandible dark DroRne, legs and feet blackish brown. Length (skin), 3.40; wing, 2.25; tail, 1.50; culmen, 0.48; gonys, 0.25; basal width of mandible, 0.25; basal depth of bill, 0.30; tarsus, 0.70; middle toe, 0.53. Adult female.—No. 115955, U.S.N.M.; Chatham Island, April 5, 1888, ©. H. Townsend. Above nearly uniform dull grayish brown, the wing- feathers margined with paler, especially middle and greater coverts; under parts very pale grayish buffy, or buffy grayish white, the chest (only) with a few indistinct streaks of grayish brown; maxilla blackish brown, mandible paler; legs and feet dark horn brown. Length (skin), 3.80; wing, 2.32; tail, 1.42; culmen, 0.45; gonys, 0.23; basal width of mandible, 0.25; basal depth of bill, 0.30; tarsus, 0.72; middle toe, 0.50. Young female?.—No. 115954, Ua NE: same locality, etc. Essen- tially like the adult female, but more tinged with buffy olive above and with centers of feathers on pileum and back slightly darker, producing obsolete streaks or spots; under parts wholly immaculate plain pale grayish buffy; bill ight brown, the mandible paler; legs and feet deep horn-brown. There are three other specimens, young birds, from Abingdon Island that are unstreaked pale grayish bufty beneath, and which are therefore unquestionably referable to G. parvula ; none of them are sexed. There are also six young birds from the same locality that are equally small, but which have the under parts much streaked with dusky (the chin This specimen is in worn and faded Sees “cnt age. Having no specimens from James Island, I am unable to describe examples from the type locality. No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 531 and throat almost, sometimes quite, uniformly this color) and the upper parts very much alee In fact, they resemble exactly in coloration the young of G. fuliginosa, but are decidedly smaller. Only one of them has the sex determined, and that is marked “9.” Unless these are unusually small young birds of G. fuliginosa, | should be inclined to regard them as all young males of G@. parvula, notwithstanding the determination of the specimen mentioned; for it looks very much as if the sexual difference in color might, in this form, be as well marked in the young as in the adults. An adult male from Chatham Island, which seems to be referable to G. parvula, has a longer wing and tail than Abingdon Island specimens, but does not otherwise differ in measurements, which are as follows: Length (skin), 3.90; wing, 2.39; tail, 1.45; culmen, 0.47; gonys, 0.25; basal width of mandible, 0.25; basal depth of bill, 0.32; tarsus, 0.72; middle toe, 0.51. In color it resembles the adult (or nearly adult) male from Abingdon Island described above, having the rump dusky olive and the posterior under parts (from upper belly and middle of sides backward) much streaked or intermingled with dull grayish white. Respecting the occurrence of this form on Barrington and Indefati- gable islands, I find among the notes made on the Baur-Adams collee- tion a memorandum to that effect; but as my present understanding of G. parvula is somewhat different from what it was at the time the specimens were examined, the specimens (which unfortunately I have not access to at present) should be reexamined. Measurements of Geospiza parvula. | | z 2 | | 3 |S N ‘Collec | | BE | lea g Num- apnea rie | | oe ell 2 ber. | tion. | Sex and age. Locality. Date. ly aS cleans | | of = os Ss las] 5 l= Heese sete lle hen al$si Zi NES ees lteein (ose tieeiey Coie eco | Heres tne | So | Cia | Rk |Aa | = as aa = a as 1 i Ss al 77754 | U.S. | Immaturemale Abingdon Island -| Dec. —, — /2. 29]1. 32] .50| .34| .27/ .27] . 711.53 77755 | U.S. | Adultmale....|..... (time memonscoas | N : (2. 28/1. 40] .48) .35) .27) .27| ..72!.55 1TOTS) | Ue Sen peeee Oveensertas aces dress ce seeeee Apr. 16, 1888 2. 37/1. 52 ‘51 34] . 28] . 28) .70).50 TG TZ OB Wesel eeierecisisieseeieieimiesc|ciesiers loveemace ener lieve rete Oweeoa| 23/1. 47 - 50) 32) . 26) .25 71). 50 | SF eS | | | AV ORAGS. 22 |eacinwse see sees (2) 291143 a .34| 27) .27| 71.52 125924 | U.S. | Adultmale....! Chatham Island ..) Mar. 30, 1891 |2. 43]1.50| . 48) 33] 25) .25) . 731.52 115955 | U.S. | Adult female..|..-.-. Owes ter ane | Apr. 5, 1888/2. 31)1. 45 a 31) .24 Plc 73.50 | PRR tReet A oe 2A PaaS ate (bead |e | GEOSPIZA ACUTIROSTRIS, Ridgway. (Plate LVI, fig. 21.) Geospiza acutirostris, RIDGWAY, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, No. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 363 (Tower Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection of Dr. G. Baur). Specific characters—Similar to G. parvula, Gould, but bill longer, with straighter outlines, and extremely acute at tip. Measurements of type.—Wing, 2.45; tail, 1.58; culmen, 0.55; depth of 532 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. VOU. x1x. bill at base, 0.30; tarsus, 0.75; middle toe, 0.53. (Type in Dr. Baur’s collection. ) Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Tower Island (Baur and Adams). The form of the bill in this species is conspicuously unlike that of any other, being almost exactly that of Carduelis. There are 7 specimens in Dr. Baur’s collection, 4 of which are in the black plumage. GEOSPIZA DENTIROSTRIS, Gould. Geospiza dentirostris, GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., Pt. V, 1837, p. 6 (Galapagos Islands) ; Zool. Voy. Beagle, IIL, Birds, 1841, p. 102.—BoNaAPaRTE, Consp. Avy., I, 1850, p. 543.—Gray, Hand-l., II, 1870, p.88.—ScLavTEeR and SALVIN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, p. 27.—SaLVIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 482 (part) (Charles Island).—SuHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, p. 11 (Charles Island, Chatham Island?). Geospiza fortis (nec GOULD), SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, p. 421 (part: Charles Island). Specific characters.—Apparently most like G. fratercula, Ridgway, of Abingdon Island, but rather smaller, the bill especially, the latter with the maxillary tomium slightly toothed. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Charles Island (Markham); ? Chat- ham Island (fide Sharpe). “Adult male.—Similar to the male of G@. fortis,! but with a differently shaped bill, bowed in toward the end of the upper mandible, and slightly toothed on its cutting edge. Total length, 4.5 inches; culmen, 0.55; wing, 2.65; tail, 1.45; tarsus, 0.75, “Adult female (type of species).—Similar to the female of G. fortis, but differing in the form of the bill. Total length, 4.9 inches; culmen, 0.6; wing, 2.65; tail, 1.55; tarsus, 0.75.” (Sharpe.) I have never seen a specimen of this apparently very distinct species. GEOSPIZA DIFFICILIS, Sharpe. (Plate LVII, fig. 20.) Geospiza dentirostris (nec GOULD), SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 323 (Abingdon Island),—SaLvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 483 (Abingdon Island). 2??Geospiza fortis (nee GOULD), SALVIN, Proc, Zool. Soc., 1883, p. 421 (part: Charles Island). Geospiza dificilis, SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, p. 12 (Abingdon Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection Brit. Mus.; ‘‘ Charles Island”).—Rip@- wAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 107 (Abingdon Island). Specific characters.—Similar to G. fuliginosa, Gould, in general dimen- sions, but bill very different in form, being more elongated, culmen straighter with basal portion distinetly elevated and arched, nasal ‘Mr. Sharpe’s G. fortis included Abingdon Island specimens which I have reccutly separated as G. fratercula. No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, 533 fossee much larger, and maxillary tomium more distinetly lobed or con- vex in middle portion. Female much darker than in any allied forms. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: ??Charles Island (Markham); Ab- ingdon Island (Habel, Townsend). Adult male.—No. 116117, U.S.N.M.; Abingdon Island, Galapagos, April 16, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Entirely uniform deep black, the feathers abruptly clear slate-gray beneath the surface; bill wholly deep black; legs and feet brownish black. Length (skin), 4.55; wing, 2.43; tail, 1.50; culmen, 0.58; gonys, 0.31; basal width ot mandible, 0.28; basal depth of bill, 0.37; tarsus, 0.80, middle toe, 0.53. Adult (2) female.—No. 116118, U.S.N.M.; same locality, etc. Above dull grayish dusky (inclining to grayish or olivaceous black on head and neck), the feathers margined with olivaceous; beneath dusky slate, nearly uniform anteriorly, but feathers everywhere margined with light buffy olive, most broadly on under parts of the body, especially pos- teriorly, where nearly uniform on belly and flanks; under tail-coverts light brownish buffy, tinged with olive, each with a central longitu- dinal spot of dusky. Bill, legs, and feet brownish black. Length (skin), 4.75; wing, 2.35; tail, 1,45; culmen (tip of maxilla broken); gonys, 0.29; basal width of mandible, 0.24; tarsus, 0.80; middle toe, 0.54. I doubt the correctness of the identification, or the locality, of the Charles Island specimen collected by Captain Markham. GEOSPIZA DEBILIROSTRIS, Ridgway. (Plate LVII, fig. 19.) Geospiza debilirostris, RIDGWAY, Froc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, Nao, 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 363 (James Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection U.S. Nat. Mus.). Specific characters.—Similar to G. fortis, Gould, in size, but feet larger and stouter, and bill conspicuously smaller. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: James Island (Albatross). Adult male.—Type, No. 116003, U.S.N.M.; James Island, Galapagos, April 11, 1888; C. H. Townsend, Entirely uniform deep black (less intense posteriorly), the feathers abruptly clear slate-gray beneath the surface; lower part of abdomen intermixed with buffy whitish, and longer under tail-coverts broadly margined terminally with the same, tinged with light rusty; bill wholly deep black; legs and feet brownish black. Length (skin), 4.90; wing, 2.93; tail, 1.70; culmen, 0.60; gonys, 0.30; basal width of mandible, 0.30; basal depth of bill, 0.37; tarsus, 0.95; middle toe, 0.67. Of this apparently very distinct species [ have seen but one speci- men. Although the general dimensions are nearer those of G. fortis than any other form of the genus, the bill is searcely larger than in G. fuliginosa, and has exactly the same form as in that species. 534 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, Vot.xIx. GEOSPIZA SCANDENS (Gould). (Plate LVII, fig. 2.) Cactornis scandens, GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., Pt. V, 1837, p. 7 (Galapagos Islands) ; Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 104, pl. 42 (James Island).—BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p.542.—Gray, Hand-l., II, 1870, p. 89.—SUNDEVALL, Proce. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 124 (part: James Island).—ScLaTERand SALVIN, Nom. Ay. Neotr:, 1873, p.29.—SaLVIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., 1X, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 485 (part: James Island).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, p. 19 (part: James Island). G[eospiza] scandens, RipGWay, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, p. 361 (in text). [ Tisserin de Gallapagos, NEBOUX, Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 291.—Cactornis grimpeur, Privost et Des Murs, Voy. Vénus, Ois., 1855, p. 204. ] Specific characters.—Bill elongate-conical, with its basal depth much less than the length of the gonys, and the basal width of the mandible (across chin) still less; culmen slightly convex, nearly straight in middle portion, scarcely arched basally, and not more than 0.72 (usually about 0.70) in length; basal depth of bill, 0.55-0.37; basal width of mandible, 0.28-0.51; wing, 2.65-2.80; tail, 1.58-1.79; tarsus, 0.80-0.85. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: James Island (Darwin, Kinberg, saur and Adams). Adult male.—No. 542, collector Dr. G. Baur; James Island, Gala- pagos, August 16, 1891. Entirely uniform deep black; bill wholly deep black; legs and feet brownish black; “iris dark brown.” Length (skin), 4.35; wing, 2.70; tail, 1.62; culmen, 0.70; gonys, 0.49; width of mandible at base, 0.28; depth of bill at base, 0.34; tarsus, 0.85; middle toe, 0.58. Immature male.—No. 572, U.S.N.M.; same collection, etc., August 17. Head and neck dull blackish, slightly broken on chin and throat by a few narrow whitish streaks; postocular region, hind neck, and upper parts dull grayish olive (more decidedly olivaceous on lower back and rump), the feathers of the back extensively blackish centrally, produc- ing a spotted appearance; wings and tail dusky, the feathers with grayish olive margins, the middle and greater wing-coverts conspicu- ously margined terminally with pale brownish buffy, and the primaries narrowly edged with light olive-grayish; under parts, posterior to throat, pale olive-buity, tinged with pale brownish laterally, the feath- ers of the chest, upper breast, sides, and flanks with broad central spots of dusky, larger and more distinet anteriorly; under tail-coverts with rather indistinct central spots of. grayish; bill wholly deep black; legs and feet brownish black; “iris dark brown.” Length (skin), 4.70; wing, 2.80; tail, 1.79; culmen, 0.72; gonys, 0.40; width of mandible at base, 0.30; depth of bill at base, 0.35; tarsus, 0.83; middle toe, 0.62. Adult female.—No. 554, U.S.N.M.; same collection, ete., August 16. Similar to the immature male described above, but head grayish olive, streaked with dusky, the chin and throat narrowly streaked with buffy grayish white and dusky; under parts more strongly tinged with light - No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 535 butfy brown, with spots on breast, etc., narrower and rather less dis- tinct; light terminal margins to wing-coverts broader and more cinna- momeous, especially those on middle coverts; mandible black only on upper basal portion, the rest dark purplish brown; “iris brown.” Length (skin), 4.30; wing, 2.65; tail, 1.58; culmen, 0.71; gonys, 0.40; width of mandible at base, 0.30; depth of bill at base, 0.55; tarsus, 0.82; middle toe, 0.59. Young male.—No. 523, U.S.N.M.; same collection, ete., August 13. Similar to the immature male (No. 572) described above, but margins of wing-coverts dull buffy, and bill light colored, the maxilla dark brown basally, paler terminally and on culmen, the mandible pale brownish buffy with a deep brown patch along deflected portion of the tomium. Length (skin), 4.60; wing, 2.65; tail, 1.65; culmen, 0.70; gonys, 0.40; width of mandible at base, 0.30; depth of bill at base, 0.35; tarsus, 0.84; middle toe, 0.65. This form, which is peculiar to James Island, is the smallest mem- ber of the subgenus Cactornis, and has the bill not only distinctly smaller than in any other form but with straighter outlines. There are eight specimens in Dr. Baur’s collection, their measurements being as follows: Measurements of Geospiza scandens. 3 | | ay Jey ilar ose ee é pene: Sex and age. Locality. Date. | _ a]. les roel ieee tes 2 Hares oe pane teat os = 3 = g a\is/a|Plsse jals 5 Clalslielatla |a]s | A Flal/o/o (9 ja ja a ee = a | | ae | | | P| am | | 523 | B.& A. | Youngmale...) James Island ..... | Aug. 13, 1891 |2. 65/1. 65) . 70) .40) .30/ .385 . 84). 65 542 | B.& A, | Adult male ...|..-... MOPS Saic.c cieeete Aug. 16, 1891 |2. 70/1. 62} . 70] .40) .28) .34 .83'.58 HAC n Bres Aw |reeee Cliegcserce| panes dO 2.225222. doweeres 2. 80/1. 72| . 70] .40) . 30) .37) .85.59 555 | B.& A. |....- domsseee | tae: doeew seeei Aug. 17, 1891 |2. 65|1. 70} .70| .39] .30| .35. . 80,61 BOGE eouAw |iseee does. eeclesoo Ofasieeeeecteasl eeere do ...-../2. 62/1. 60) . 70) . 39] .30) .37, .84|.58 HESrp Bde AN In. Gofeaaeeees secre Oe sscseress seis heros ip ee sac |2. 72 1.63) .71} . 40) .30) .36 . 81). 60 572 | B.& A. | Immaturemale}.-... Oo eeeereme ec emacc dover ia 80/1. 79) . 72) .40} .31) .33) . 83). 62 | on! le PAV OT AL Cia's\\.||leisisie o's ie /eisicla ie) \2. 71/1. 67) . 70) .40| .30, .35 .83.60 554 | B.& A. | Adultfemale..| James Island ...-. Aug. 16, 1891 B 65.1. 58] . 71} . 40] .30 .36 . 82). 59 We | p ashe She GEOSPIZA INTERMEDIA, Ridgway. (Plate LVU, fig. 3.) Cactornis scandens (nec GOULD), SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 124 (part: Charles Island).—SaLvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 485 (part: Charles Island).—Rin@way, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 108 (part: Charles Island). Geospiza intermedia, RipGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, No. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 361, in text, sub G. assimilis (Charles Island, Galapagos Archi- pelago; collection U.S. Nat. Mus.). Specific characters.—Similar to @ scandens (Gould), of James Island, but with larger and stouter bill. Culmen, 0.75-0.79; basal depth of 536 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vou. x1x. bill, 0.35-0.40; basal width of mandible, 0.29-0.32; wing, 2,62-2.80; tail, 1.59-1.75; tarsus, 0.82-0.83. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Charles Island (Néboux, Kinberg, Townsend, Baur and Adams). Adult male.—Ty pe, No. 115916, U.S.N.M.; Charles Island, Galapagos, April 8, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Entirely uniform deep black, less intense or tinged with olive-slaty, posteriorly, the feathers abruptly clear slate-gray beneath the surface; longer under tail-coverts mar- gined terminally with white; bill black, middle portion of mandible underneath, tinged with brown; legs and feet brownish black. Length (skin), 5.35; wing, 2.75; tail, 1.72; culmen, 0.75; gonys, 0.41; basal width of mandible, 0.32; basal depth of bill, 0.39; tarsus, 0.82; middle toe, 0.60, Younger male.—No. 125962, U.S.N.M.; same locality and collector, April 1, 1891. Dull black, uniform only on head, neck, and chest, the feathers of upper parts margined with grayish olive, indistinctly on back, most couspicuously on rump; feathers of under parts, posterior to chest, margined with pale buffy grayish or olive-whitish, the latter pre- vailing on center of abdomen and on under tail-coverts; bill, legs, and feet as in perfectly adult male. Length (skin), 5.50; wing, 2.80; tail, 1.78; culmen, 0.78; gonys, 0.41; basal width of mandible, 0.29; basal depth of bill, 0.38; tarsus, 0.83; middle toe, 0.59. Immature male.—No. 125964, U.S.N.M.; same locality, etc. Above dusky, nearly uniform on pileum, elsewhere broken by olive-grayish margins to the feathers, the middle and outermost greater wing-coverts distinctly margined with pale grayish buffy; sides of head sooty grayish, finely and indistinetly streaked with dusky and dull grayish buffy; chin, throat, and chest blackish dusky, broken by occasional edgings of pale grayish buffy; rest of under parts broadly striped with dusky and pale grayish buffy, the latter prevailing posteriorly; bill wholly black; legs and feet blackish brown. Length (skin), 5.10; wing, 2.75; tail, 1.75; culmen, 0.79; gonys, 0.45; basal width of mandible, 0.32; basal depth of bill, 0.40; tarsus, 0.82; middle toe, 0.60. Adult female.—No, 125965, U.S.N.M.; same locality, ete. Similar to the immature male described above (No. 125964, U.S.N.M.), but anterior under parts much more broadly streaked with dull whitish; mandible largely light brownish. Length (skin), 4.90; wing, 2.78; tail, 1.59; culmen, 0.79; gonys, 0.42; basal width of mandible, 0.31; basal depth of bill, 038; tarsus, 0.85; middle toe, 0.64. Immature female.—No, 115918, U.S.N.M.; same locality and collector, April 8, 1888. Similar to the adult female, as described, but feathers of upper surface more distinctly margined with a more distinctly oliva- ceous hue, the middle and greater wing-coverts broadly margined termi- nally with brownish buff; under parts strongly suffused with pale olive- buffy; mandible dark brownish, becoming black basally. Length (skin), 4.95; wing, 2.62; tail, 1.65; culmen, 0.77; gonys, 0.43; basal width of mandible, 0.30; basal depth of bill, 0.35; tarsus, 0.83; middle toe, 0.58, No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 537 Measurements of Geospiza intermedia. GH SH 3 3 Is SS 3 | oS 3 Num- Collec) sex and age Locality Date Chel elise Peels ber. | tion. ae . 5 eae |S ee teneaiiccs) ley Slaijsi2 | ies a \s | Bla|6l8 |sia"|a|s 115916 | U.S. | Adult male ...| Charles Island...-| Apr. 8,1888 |2. 75)1; 73) .73) .41) .41) .34] . 85). 64 | PSI Uns. lees. = Qo Seeecoee lee Ov eaeeeee eases COveaece- 2. 83|1. 83} .83).--.| .47| .31] . 88). 60 He5962 Hi WES: ce Opes ses see OOK ase ae ee Apr. 1, 1891 |2.83)1. 80 . 78| -40) £43) .30) . 85.58 125963 | U Immature |..... Cove eeeremeraslaeeee GOlsas coe 2. 68/1. 54) .78} . 39) .42) .31] .86).59 | male?. 125964 | U Im mravGre) secs GO enero aeslsoeee dowees |2. 78)1. 75 « 80) .40) .47) .31 32/58 male. —|— |—_ | —— — Average..-.. Roe eee ee eal nto) - 78) 40 44) .32 . 85). 60 115918 | U.S. | Immature fe- | Charles Island....| Apr. 8, 1888 |2. 62\1.65| 77] .38) . 42| .30 oi 58 male. 115919 | U.S. | Adult female .|..... GO eesic cece ttiere @Ovsece |2. 86/1. 72) .80)....| . 43] .30) . 89). 66 125965 | U.S. | Immature fe- |.--.. dO teeere Priest Apr. 1, 1891 /2. 82/1. 60) .75) .40 -40) 31) . 82). 65 mule, — | | —_ | —_| —_ —_ —_ rverawe? silt sue set) 2. 83|1.66| .77) .39| .42) . 30 85, 63 GEOSPIZA ASSIMILIS (Gould). Cactornis assimilis, GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., Pt. Vv, 1837, p. 7 (Galapagos Islands) ; Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 105, pl. xL111.—BONAPARTE, Consp. AV., I, 1850, p. 542.—Gray, Hand-l., I, 1870, p. 323.—SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 323 (Bindloe Island); Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, p. 29.—Sa.- VIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 486 (Bindloe Island),—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus,, XII, 1888, p. 18 (Bindloe island). Specific characters.—Adult male unknown,! but immature male and adult female apparently differing from those of G. scandens in larger size. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: ? James Island (Baur and Adams); Bindloe Island (Habel, fide Salvin). Immature male.—* General color above blackish, slightly varied with ashy olive margins to the feathers, especially on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts; lesser wing-coverts like the back; median and greater coverts blackish, with sandy margins to the feathers; bastard wing, primary coverts, and quills blackish, narrowly edged with ashy olive, the primaries margined with hoary gray; tail feathers blackish brown, edged with paler brown externally, and with sandy brown near the tips of the inner webs; head and neck rather browner than the back, the sides of the face, ear-coverts, throat, and breast blackish brown, the latter slightly mottled with sandy brown edges; center of abdomen buffy whitish, strongly mottled with blackish brown centers to the feathers; sides of body, flanks, and thighs blackish brown, washed with ashy brown; under tail-coverts blackish brown, conspicuously edged with buffy whitish; under wing-coverts and axillaries blackish ‘Dr. Sharpe describes what he calls the adult male, but the specimen which he describes (the type) is evidently an immature bird. His description is quoted under the heading ‘‘ Immature male,” 538 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, VOU. XIx. brown, edged with ashy olive. Total length, 5 inches; culmen, 0.9; wing, 2.75; tail, 1.4; tarsus, 0.95. “Adult female.—Similar to the male. Total length, 5 inches; cul- men, 0.85; wing, 2.75; tail, 1.5; tarsus, 0.85.” (Sharpe.) Without having seen specimens of this form, I am unable to state just how much it differs from G. intermedia and other local races. Upon what grounds Messrs. Selater and Salvin, and after them Dr. Sharpe, identify the Bindloe Island Cactornis with C. assimilis, Gould, we are not informed. Even Darwin did not know where the type came from, though he says ‘“‘almost certainly not from James Island.”! There is in Dr. Baur’s collection a young male from James Island (No. 527, August 13, 1891) which is certainly not G. scandens, but is either G. assimilis or an undescribed form. It is decidedly larger than any of the eight examples of G. scandens with which I have compared it, the bill especially being much larger and deeper, with decidedly curved cul- men. These differences are the more important from the fact that the bird is a very young one, in nestling plumage. The coloration is much darker than in any of the immature stages of G@. scandens, the under parts being mostly dark sooty grayish distinctly intermixed with whit- ish only on the abdominal region and under tail-coverts, and the upper parts are quite uniform dark sooty, except the wings, which have the usual lighter margins, though these are distinct only on the middle and greater coverts. The bill is a light buffy brown, dusky at the extreme tip and deeper brown basally. In coloration this James Island speci- men very closely resembles a young male of corresponding age of G. abingdoni, except that in the latter the maxilla is almost wholly black- ish brown, and the mandibular rami have a sharply defined oblique spot of the same color at their upper basai portion; but the shape of the bill is quite different, that of G. abingdoni being much more slender. The presumed young male of G. assimilis, mentioned above, may be more exactly described as follows: Young male.—No. 527, collection of Dr. G. Baur; James Island, Gala- pagos, August 13,1891. Above uniform sooty blackish, the middle wing- coverts and remiges narrowly margined with dull grayish buffy, becom- ing more decidedly grayish on primaries; greater wing-coverts more broadly margined (especially at tips) with a more pronounced buffy tint; under parts more grayish dusky than upper surface, nearly uni- form as far back as chest, elsewhere, especially on abdomen, broken by irregular streaks of dull grayish white; bill pale buffy brown, deeper brown on basal half of maxilla (except on culmen) and along deflected portion of the mandibular tomium; legs and feet blackish brown; ‘iris dark brown.” Length (skin), 5; wing, 2.85; tail, 1.80; culmen, 0.80; gonys, 0.46; width of mandible at base, 0.35; depth of bill at base, 0.42; tarsus, 0.90; middle toe, 0.68, ‘ Zoology of the Beagle, Birds, p. 105. hes | « < No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 539 GEOSPIZA FATIGATA, Ridgway. Cactornis scandens (nec GOULD), SCLATER and SALvin, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1870, p. 323 (Indefatigable Island).—SaLvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., IX, Pt. rx, 1876, p. 485 (part: Indefatigable Island).—RipGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIT, 1889, p. 108 (part: Indefatigable Island). Geospiza assimilis (nee Cactornis assimilis, GOULD), RrpaGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, p. 3861 (indefatigable Island; Albemarle and Jervis islands ?). Geospiza fatigata, RipGWay, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, No. 1067, April 23, 1896, p. 293 (Indetatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago; U. 8. Nat. Mus.). Specific characters.—Similar to G. intermedia, Ridgway, from Charles Island, but slightly larger, with the bill, legs, and toes decidedly longer. Wing, 2.65-2.82; tail, 1.65-1.73; culmen, 0.82-0.89; basal depth of bill, 0.40; peel width of mandible, 0.35-0. 39; tarsus, 0.85-0.90. Fe anae. — Galapagos Archipelago: A Tnematle Island (Baur and Adams); ?? Chatham Island (Baur and Adams); Indefatigable Island, (Habel, Albatross, Baur and Adams); ? Jervis Island (Baur and Adams). Adult male.—Type, No. 116048, U.S.N.M.; Indefatigable Island, Gal- apagos, April 12, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Entirely uniform black, deepest anteriorly;' bill wholly deep black; legs and feet dark brown- ish. Length (skin), 5.35; wing, 2.82; tail, 1.70; culmen, 0.82; gonys, 0.48; basal width of pemesnie 0.35; basal depth of Dill, 0.40; tarsus, 0.88; middle toe, 0.65. Immature male.—No. 116050, U.S.N.M.; same locality, ete. Head and neck nearly uniform grayish dusky; rest of upper parts similar, but feathers broadly margined with dull brownish gray, this color nearly uniform on rump; under parts, posterior to throat, with feathers dusky centrally and dull grayish white on margins, the former color prevail- ing anteriorly, the latter posteriorly; bill wholly black; legs and feet brownish black. Length (skin), 5.50; wing, 2.80; tail, 1.75; eulmen, 0.89; gonys, 0.50; basal width of mandible, 0.35; Basal depth of bill, 0.40; tarsus, 0.90; middle toe, 0.65, Adult female.—No. 116051, U.S.N.M.; same locality, ete. Similar to the immature male described above, but upper parts more tinged with olive and the lighter color of the under parts tinged with pale dull buff; mandible dark brown, blackish at base. Length (skin), 5.35; wing, 2.65; tail, 1.65; culmen, 0.82; gonys, 0.47; basal width of fanaa 0.39; basal depth of bill, 0.40; tarsus, 0.85; middle toe, 0.61. The specific name selected for this form has no reference to the name of the island where the bird oceurs, but was suggested by the tedious character of the work involved in discriminating the forms of this diffi- cult subgeneric group. The only ‘“ Cactornis” that I have seen from Chatham Island isa young male (No. 115941, U.S.N.M.; Chatham Island, April 5, 1888; C. H. 'The under tail-coveris are ee but in other specimens are bro: saieeneeeen with whitish, as in related forms. 540 ~—s BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDQGWAY. vou xix. Townsend), in nestling plumage (though full grown). It may be refer- able to the present form, but is just as likely to belong to a different one, adult specimens being necessary to determine the question. Whether Albemarle and Jervis islands specimens really belong here Iam unable to decide, not having specimens at hand. Measurements of Geospiza fatiqata. | | S 3 | | Mi 3 as} | in , »-| Bis =e | ou tion. Sex and age. Locality. Date. : | : =2 ‘ BS| .. = | | JF j;H OM |o ma |Aleal ——— | Snes | |— | 116046 U.S. Adult male as Indefatigable Is- | Apr. 12,1888 |2. 90.1. 68 a 39] .43) .31) . 88). 62 land. | TSO ELIE Se) Berna ()Seorance aaseH COV arses eens a0\=-52- \2. 80/1. 73) . 89] . 39) .51 el . 88. 66 UUGORS Si Utes. |'2 ee Opaa a -nce ieee Oi ee seeer aaa do ......|2.83)1. 50) . 83) .41) .46) .35] . 85). 65 116049 | U.S. | Immature male)....- G0leceeeteen eas emer Goraees 2. 78|1. 70] .80|.-..| .42] . 32] . 84]. 64 PGOSO sien s ntl AO secre =/a=s |e ates OG) ees goa ase eae owes 2.811. 75) . 84) .40) .48) .35) . 90). 68 ceca ati oe eee eal a Myerage-25.)oncisse aaah 2. 821.61) .85) .40| .46| .33) .87]. 65 | | | i — ———f = — 116051 | U.S. | Adult female..| Indefatigable Is- | Apr. 12,1888 /2. 62 1.61 . 85} . 41 47 31) “ales land. | | | } | . babe Ge aia GEOSPIZA ABINGDONI, Sclater and Salvin. | (Plate LVII, fig. 5.) Cactornis abingdoni, SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, pp. 323, 326 | (Abingdon Island, Galapagos Archipelago); Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, p. 29.— SALVIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., [X, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 486 (Abingdon Island).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, p. 20 (Abingdon Island).—RipGway, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 108 (Abingdon Island). G[eospiza] abingdoni, RipGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1864, p. 361, in text. Specific characters.—Similar to G. fatigata, Ridgway, of Indefatigable Island, but still larger, and the bill much deeper, with culmen more arched and sharply ridged. Adult male: Length (skins), 5-5.55; wing, 2.68-2.92; tail, 1.55-1.77; culmen, 0.80-0.88; gonys, 0.43-0.48; basal width of mandible, 0.52-0.33; basal depth of bill, 0.39-0.45; tarsus, 0,.89-0.92; middle toe, 0.65-0.68. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Abingdon Island (Habel; Town- send). Adult male.-—No. 116126, U.S.N.M.; Abingdon Island, April 16, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Uniform black, rather duller or more tinged with grayish on under parts, especially posteriorly; under tail-coverts light gray basally and broadly margined for exposed portion with light buffy, with a large cordate or ovate blackish area between. Bill and feet entirely black. Length (skin), 5.55; wing, 2.88; tail, 1.77; eulmen, 0.58; gonys, 0.48; basal width of mandible, 0.33; basal depth of bill, 0.45; tarsus, 0.90; middle toe, 0.68, Immature male.-—No. 116129, U.S.N.M.; same locality, etc. Above dull black, the feathers, except on head and neck, margined with dull NO. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 541 olive, the middle and greater wing-coverts margined terminally with brownish buff; sides of head, chin, and throat plain dull black, like pileum; chest and upper breast the same, but feathers margined with light olive-buff, producing a squamate appearance; rest of under parts dull buffy grayish olive, the feathers with more or less of a dusky central area (most distinct on lower breast), the middle of the abdomen plain _ pale dull buffy. Mavxilla brownish black, with a lighter colored sub- terminal space; mandible light yellowish brown, with the tip and an oblique space at the lateral base, parallel with the basal deflection of the tomium, dusky; legs and feet black. Bill smaller than in the adult. | Length (skin), 5; wing, 2.68; tail, 1.55; culmen, 0.80; gonys, 0.43; basal width of mandible, 0.32; basal depth of bill, 0.40; tarsus, 0.89; | | middle toe, 0.65. Young male.—No. 116128, U.S.N.M.; same locality, ete. Essentially like the immature male described above, but texture of plumage very _ different, and the dusky coloring more uniform, especially on chin, | throat, and chest, where quite unbroken. | GEOSPIZA BARRINGTONI, Ridgway. (Plate LVI, fig. 4.) Geospiza barringtoni, RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, No. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 361 (Barrington Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection of Dr. G. Baur). Specific characters.—Similar to G. abingdoni, Sclater and Salvin, of Abingdon Island, but bill much stouter, with its tip less compressed and less acute. Wing, 2.70-2.80; tail, 1.58-1.62; culmen, 0.79-0.80; tarsus, 0.90; middle toe, 0.70. (Type, No. 596, collection of Dr. G. Baur, male adult; Barrington Island, July 9, 1891.) Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Barrington Island (Baur and Adams). Dr. Baur’s collection contains three specimens of this form, two adult males and one in the streaked plumage. I regret being unable to give a more detailed description of this form. GEOSPIZA BREVIROSTRIS, Ridgway. (Plate LVH, fig. 6.) Cactornis brevirostris, RIDGWAY, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, No. 767, Feb. 5, 1890, p. 108, fig. 4 (Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection U. S. Nat. Mus.). Specific characters.—Similar to G. barringtoni, Ridgway, of Barring- ton Island, but tail longer, bill much shorter and stouter, and tarsi shorter. Wing, 2.70-2.80; tail, 1.65-1.85; culmen,0.70-0.72; basal width of mandible, 0.37; basal depth of bill, 0.42-0.45; tarsus, 0.82-0.87, Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Charles Island (Albatross; % Inde. fatigable Island; Habel). 542 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY,. Vou. xix. Immature male.—Type, No. 115920, U.S.N.M.; Charles Island, Gala- pagos, April 8, 1888; U.S.S. Albatross. Dull sooty blackish, uniform on head, neck, and chest, elsewhere broken by lighter margins to feathers; these edgings dull Jight grayish brown on upper parts, dull brownish white on lower parts; sides and flanks washed with pale brown; under tail-coverts dull buffy white, with concealed mesial streaks of dusky. Bill entirely black; tarsi deep brown; toes brownish black. Length (skip), 4.50; wing, 2.70; tail, 1.85; culmen, 0.72; maxilla from nostril, 0.50; gonys, 0.40; basal width of mandible, 0.57; basal depth of bill, 0.45; tarsus, 0.52; middle toe, 0.62. I refer, with some doubt, to this species a bird from Indefatigable Island (No. 77756, U.S.N.M.; Indefatigable Island, August 10, 1868; Dr, A. Habel). It is apparently an adult female, with wholly light cinna- mon-colored bill and streaked plumage, lacking the buffy margins of the middle and greater wing-coverts and other features which charac- terize young birds in their first year. It certainly can not be referred to the ordinary ‘‘ Cactornis” of the same island, which has the bill altogether longer and at the same time much narrower in both its vertical and transverse diameters. The size and shape of the bill agree very closely with those of G. brevirostris, though, ; as might be expected from the difference in age or Sex, it is not quite so strong. The specimen in question may be described as follows: 2? Adult female.—No. 77756, U.S.N.M.; Indefatigable Island, August 10, 1868; Dr. A. Habel. Above dusky, all the feathers margined with grayish olive, this color prevailing (almost uniform, in fact) on the rump; middle and greater wing-coverts margined terminally with a rather more buffy or light brownish hue, but still not approaching tawny or rusty; sides of head, chin, and throat dusky or dull blackish brown, faintly streaked with dull whitish, more distinctly along the median line; rest of under parts dull buffy white, immaculate on middle of abdomen, elsewhere broadly streaked with dusky, the streaks giving way on sides and flanks to a nearly uniform light olive. Bill wholly clear deep cinnamon, paler on lower and terminal portions of mandible; legs and feet brownish black. Length (skin), 3.80; wing, 2.80; tail, 1.65; culmen, 0.70; maxilla from nostril, 0.50; gonys, 0.40; basal width of mandible, 0.57; basal depth of bill, 0.42; tarsus, 0.87; middle toe, 0.62, The form of the bill in this species is exactly intermediate between that of ‘ Cactornis” scandens and that of the medium-sized true Geospize, as G. fortis, G. dubia, ete. Possibly it is a hybrid. Fig 5. Head of Geospiza brevirostris. NO. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. * 543 GEOSPIZA PROPINQUA, Ridgway. (Plate LVI, fig. 7.) Geospiza propinqua, RrpGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, No. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 361 (Tower Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection of Dr. G, Baur). Specific characters.—Very similar to G. conirostris, Kidgway, of Hood Island, in size and general form, but bill still narrower, with the culmen more convex terminally, and the mandible relatively narrower and more compressed; wing slightly shorter. Wing, 2.95-3.15; tail, 1.55- 1.95; culmen, 0.82-0.90; width of mandible across rami 0.23-0.26, of ' maxilla in front of nostrils 0.22-0.26; tarsus, 0.90-0.95; middle toe, 0.68-0.75. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Tower Island (Baur and Adams). Adult male.—Type, No. 597, collection of Dr. G. Baur; Tower Island, September 2, 1891. Entirely black, with the plumage abruptly slate- eray basally; bill blackish, the mandible inclining to dusky horn gray; legs and feet dusky. Wing, 3.10; tail, 1.90; culmen, 0.85; width of mandibular rami, 0.23; width of maxilla in front of nostril, 0.23; tarsus, 0.95; middle toe, 0.68. This form so closely resembles G. conirostris that at first I was inclined to consider it the same, notwithstanding the wide separation of the two localities. A closer examination, however, disclosed the fact that while in the Hood Island specimens the under mandible is decidedly broader at the angle than the upper, the Tower Island specimens have the two mandibles of practically equal width. Thus, considering the lateral profile of the bill as a cone, and the culmen as representing the right- hand margin, the commissure would in G. conirostris intersect the cone obliquely so as to throw the broader section to the left, while in G. pro- pinqua the line would be exactly vertical, thus dividing the cone into two equal sections. Diagrammatically, the difference may be expressed thus: G. conirostris. G. propinqua. While so similar in its lateral aspect, however, a vertical view of the bills of these two species shows that of G. propinqua to be much more compressed than that of G. conirostris, the width of the mandible between the base of the rami being much less than the length of the gonys, instead of just the same, thus throwing G. propinqua on the “ Cactornis” side of the line. Adult males of this species have very much less black on the under tail coverts than those of G. conirostris. In the latter, these feathers are black with white margins, while in @. propinqua they are light buff with a median wedge-shaped mark of black. 544 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vou. x1x. The type bas the mandible dusky. though not so dark as the maxilla, the color approaching more nearly a dusky horn gray. In the other four adult males, however, the bill is lighter colored, the maxilla being dusky brown and the mandible varying frem yellowish horn color to light yellow. Genus CAMARHYNCHUS, Gould. Camarhynchus, GOULD, Proc, Zool. Soc,, Pt. v, 1837, p.6. Type, C. psittacula, Gould. Generic characters.—Bill short, deep, and broad, long, narrow and compressed, or variously intermediate between these extremes, but the culmen always distinctly curved and the maxilla at least as deep as the mandible, with its tomium varying from nearly straight (C. psittaculus, ete.) to strongly angulated (C. variegatus). Nostril very small, cireular or oval, exposed. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing about three times as long as tarsus, rounded (first quill equal to or longer than sixth); pri- maries exceeding secondaries by more than length of maxilla from nostril. Tail not more than twice as long as tarsus, slightly rounded. Middle toe with claw nearly as long as tarsus. Coloration: Above nearly plain olivaceous; beneath dull whitish or pale buff-yellowish, with or without darker streaks on chest, ete., the adult males of some species with head, neck, and chest blackish. Range.—Peculiar to the Galapagos Archipelago. This genus comes very near to Geospiza, from which it differs chiefly in the form of the bill, which is more compressed, has the culmen (in most species) far more convex, and the gonydeal angle much more prominent. The commissure is also straighter, except in C. variegatus, which species very nearly obliterates the gap between typical Cama- rhynchus and such tumid-billed Geospize as G. dubia. C. variegatus, in fact, represents one extreme of a nearly unbroken transitional series, the opposite extreme of which is represented by C. pallidus. The latter was originally referred to “ Cactornis,” and has been allowed to remain in that so-called genus; but the transition in the form of the bill from C. pallidus to C. psittaculus through such intermediate species as C. pro- ductus and C. compressirostris is so nearly complete, the plumage being at the same time identical, that I am disposed to refer this long-billed species to Camarhynchus rather than to make a new genus for its recep- tion, together with the related C. productus. Certainly these two species do not belong to Cactornis, which is to Geospiza exactly what C. pallidus and C. productus are to true Camarhynchus. In case it be deemed expe- dient to make a new genus for C. pallidus and C. productus, it will then be quite necessary to make another one for C. variegatus, between which and any other species of the group (except perhaps C. crassi- rostris, Gould, which I have not seen) there is a more definite break than between any of those which are left after its exclusion. Indeed, I find myself quite unable to give precise characters for the genus, the varia- e re no. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5Ad5 tions in the form of the bill, both in this group and in Geospiza, being very largely a specific character, therefore necessitating either a mate- rial increase or reduction of the recognized number of genera within the two groups. The differences in the form of the bill presented by Camarhynchus, as here defined, from Geospiza, while perfectly obvious on comparison of specimens, are extremely difficult to describe, since they result chiefly from variations of curvature in its outlines and rela- tive proportions of various minor details hardly susceptible of exact definition. The coloration exhibits much more obvious difference than form, none of the species of Camarhynchus, so far as known, being entirely black in the adult male; in fact none of them are black posterior to the chest below or the hind neck above, while, with few exceptions, the immature males and females are not distinctly streaked beneath. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CAMARHYNCHUS. a', Tomia strongly angulated and basal width of mandible greatly exceeding length of gonys. (Platyspiza.‘) b!. Distinctly streaked with dusky below (Abingdon?, Bindloe?, Albemarle, James, Indefatigable, Chatham, and Charles islands). 1. C. variegatus (p. 548), (2)? b?. Not distinetly streaked below?. (Charles Island?) 2. C. crassirostris (p. 551). a. Tomia moderately or very slightly angulated, and basai width of mandible | not greatly, if at all, exceeding length of gonys. b'. Basal depth of bill equal to or greater than length of maxilla from nostril. (Camarhynchus.) c!, Basal width of mandible decidedly greater than length of gonys. d', Larger (wing 2.65-3, culmen 0.55-0.61) and rather paler. (James, Jervis, Indefatigable, and Charles islands) -. 3. C. psittaculus (p. 552). d?, Smaller (wing 2.50-2.75, culmen 0.50-0.57) and rather darker. (Albe- menlerisland:) sess ass caer oe ees eciek 4A. C. affinis (p. 554). e?. Basal width of mandible not decidedly, if at all, greater than length of | gonys. d'. Culmen 0.60 or more. e'. Larger, with stouter bill (wing 2.68 or more, culmen 0.62 or more). f'. Rather smaller (wing 2.68-2.75), with smaller and weaker bill (cul- men 0.62) and more compressed culmen ; wing-coverts in adult male margined with light brown. (Abingdon Island.) 5. C. habeli (p. 555). f?. Rather larger (wing 2.68-2.92), with larger and stouter bill (cul- men 0.64-0.68) and broader culmen; wing-coverts in adult male margined with olive. (Bindloe Island). 6. C. bindloei (p. 556). e*. Smaller, with weaker bill (wing 2.57, culmen 0.60). (Jervis Island.) 7. C. compressirostris (p. 558). d®, Culmen less than 0.60. 7 e}. Wing 2.70 or more. (Charles Island).-...---- 8. C. pauper (p. 559). 1 New subgenus: Type, Camarhynchus variegatus, Sclater and Salvin. 2 The interrogation point signifies doubt as to whether this supposed species is correctly placed in this section or subgenus. | Eroc- N. MM. vol xix JO 546 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vow. xix. e*. Wing less than 2.70. f'. Culmen 0.50 or more. g'. Larger, the bill especially (culmen 0.53, basal width of mandi- ble'0:29). (James Island))---=--- 25-2. 9. C. incertus (p. 560). g?. Smaller, especially the bill (culmen 0.50-0.52, basal width of mandible not more than 0.25). (Chatham Island.) i 10. ©. salvini (p. 561). i Jf? Culmen less than 0.50 (about 0.45). (James, Jervis, Indefatigable, Albemarle, and Charles islands) --11. C. prosthemelas (p. 563). b?, Basal depth of bill decidedly less than length of maxilla from nostril, (Cactospiza.') c', Larger and paler (wing 2.72-3, culmen 0.70-0.77, tarsus 0.92-0.94). James, Jervis, and Indefatigable islands) ----. 12. C. pallidus (p. 565). c?. Smaller and deeper colored (wing 2.65-2.90, culmen 0.67-0.69, tarsus 0.89- 0.90). (Albemarle Island) ..........13. C. productus (p. 566). ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS CAMARHYNCHUS, GOULD. a, Subgenus PLATYSPIZA, Ridgway. | } : OUTLINE CHART i OF THE | GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. : | | | } | | 1? y (sincoon Ye 1? Fen 1. (rower on Rk, a a em te SO as oe Tagus de NARBOROUGH QUERVIS Ip iB - NCAN | BUNCE re) INDEFATIGABLE 1 L CHATHAM | ALBEMARLE I. ~ a (Dalrymple Rl, Crossman Is onl Brattle Is, CHARLES austsnteed 1. Camarhynchus variegatus, Sclater and Salvin. 2. Camarhynchus crassirostris, Gould. 'New subgenus. Type, Cactornis pallida, Sclater and Salvin. artes No, 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5AT b. Subgenus CAMARHYNCHUS, Gould. DENMAN Ip OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. 3 i {Yaeincoon Io 4 Le pinsge 1, v6 9 1. Camarhynchus psittaculus, Gould. 2. Camarhynchus affinis, Ridgway. 3. Camarhynchus habeli, Sclater and Salvin. Camarhynchus bindloci, Ridgway. Camarhynchus compressirostris, Ridgway. Ce S (Tower |, Redondo Rk, 85 ft, 0 a 0 179 on ae QUERVIS I, A 159 vs Asien nt INDEFATIGABLE | e i : CHATHAM 1 ALBEMARLE I. EN | DalrympleRh Pt Cristophe: 2 9 War an 10 BARRINGTON |., aie or 1 Pt. Essex: Brattle Is Bay 19 CHARLES $1, Blackbeack Akt 0 - 6. Camarhynchus pauper, Ridgway. 7. Camarhynchus incertus, Ridgway. 8. Camarhynchus salvini, Ridgway. 9. Camarhynchus prosthemelas, Scla- ter and Salvin. 10. (Undetermined form.) 548 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, vow. x1x. c. Subgenus CACTOSPIZA, Ridgway. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. Denman t. {\painso0n a Cae I. tedondo Rk. 85 ft. _ ‘ G DUNCAN |. aay CHATHAM | EX | Dalr. comple tile % rossman Is, “sh 1 Brattle Is CHARLES Blackbeach RX 1. Camarhynchus pallidus (Sclater and Salvin). 2. Camarynchus productus, Ridgway. CAMARHYNCHUS VARIEGATUS, Sclater and Salvin. (Plate LVI, fig. 17.) Camarhynchus variegatus, SCLATER and SALVIN, Proe. Zool. Soc., 1870, pp. 823, 324, fig.2 (‘Abingdon and Bindloes islands,’ Galapagos Archipelago) ; Nae AV. ane ., 1873, p. 29,—SaLVIN, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 489, pl. LXXxv.—SHaARPE, Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., XII, ee Ppaaloc Camarhynchus crassirostris (nec GOULD?), RipGWay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 110 (Charles, Chatham, and Darlotvueable ae Specific characters.—Culmen strongly convex and maxillary tomium strongly deflected from beneath the nostril to the rietus; gonys straight, strongly ascending terminally, forming a decided angle with the lower edge of the mandibular rami; mandible very broad at the base, where its width greatly exceeds the length of the gonys. Wing, 3.11-3.45; tarsus, 1.05-1.15, No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5A9 Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Baur and Adams); Charles Island (Townsend, Baur and Adams); Chatham Island (Townsend, Baur and Adams); Indefatigable Island (Albatross) ; James Island (Baur and Adams); ? Abingdon and Bindloe islands (Habel). Adult male (worn plumage).— No. 125972, U.S.N.M.; Chatham Island, Galapagos, March 30, 1891; C. H. Townsend. Head, neck, and upper chest dull sooty blackish, broken, more or less, by paler edgings to the feathers, deepest and most uniform on upper chest and middle line of throat; upper parts plain brownish olive, lighter and slightly more buffy on the lower rump; the general color of the wings and tail some- what darker than the back, with the margins of the feathers rather lighter, especially on middle and greater wing-coverts and primaries; under parts, posterior to upper chest, pale creamy yellow, shaded later- ally with light olive-brown, the lower chest and sides of breast marked with broad, more or less wedge-shaped, streaks of sooty blackish, these gradually becoming obsolete on the sides; under wing-coverts white tinged with pale creamy yellow, the carpo-metacarpal region with an elongated space of dusky olive-grayish. Bill, legs, and feet wholly black. Length (skin), 5.90; wing, 3.32; tail, 2.10; culmen, 0.70; gonys, 0.30; width of mandible at base, 0.40; depth of bill at base, 0.50; tar- sus, 1.10; middle toe, 0.71. Immature male.—No. 76, collection of Dr. G. Baur; Chatham Island, June 18, 1891. Above olive, the pileum rather broadly and distinctly streaked with dusky, the feathers of the back and scapulars with large central spots of a slightly darker and less olivaceous shade; wings and tail as in the adult male; under parts very pale creamy yellow, the whole chest and sides of breast with broad, mostly wedge-shaped or sagittate spots of deep sooty brown, or sepia, the sides and flanks with narrower and less distinct streaks of the same. Bill, legs, and feet black. -Length (skin), 5.50; wing, 3.32; tail, 2.30; culmen, 0.70; gonys, 0.30; width of mandible at base, 0.43; depth of bill at base, 0.53; tarsus, 1.10; middle toe, 0.72. Young male.—No. 60, collection of Dr. G. Baur; Chatham Island, June 17,1891. Similar to the inmature male, as described above, but mar- gins of wing-coverts more buffy, spots on chest, ete., rather deeper in color, and bill light-colored (basal half of maxilla deep brown, terminal half and whole of mandible pale buffy brownish. Length (skin), 5.80; wing, 3.50; tail, 2.20; culmen, 0.68; gonys, 0.50; width of mandible at base, 0.41; depth of bill at base, 0.52; tarsus, 1.13; middle toe, 0.73. Young female.—No. 37, samme collection aud locality, June16. Similar to the young male as described, but markings on breast, ete., less deep (deep hair brown). Length (skin), 5.55; wing, 3.22; tail, 2.10; culmen, 0.63; gonys, 0.29; width of mandible at base, 0.39; depth of bill at base 0.48; tarsus, 1.05; middle toe, 0.69. Specimens from the various islands differ appreciably though slightly, 550 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDG WAY. and it is not unlikely that when a series of specimens from each in cor- responding plumage can be compared, a greater or less number of local forms may be made out. I am not entirely sure that the bird here described is the true C. variegatus, not having been able to examine specimens from the alleged type locality (Abingdon Island). Regarding the latter ee it may be stated that both Mr. Townsend, naturalist of the U.S. 8. Albatross, and Messrs. Baur and Adams failed to find any sie Camarhynchus than C. habeli and its near ally, C. bindloei, on either Abingdon or Bindloe islands. Dr. Baur writes me as follows: VOL. XIX. Habel, according to Salvin, states that both species [C. habeli and C. rariegatus] are found simultaneously on Bindloe and Abingdon. This is certainly not true. The question therefore arises: Where were the type and other speci- mens of C. variegatus, accredited to Abingdon and Bindloe islands, respectively, really obtained ? Measurements of Camarhynchus variegatus. | te I | ° | |o | | AUN eerer: Sex and age. Locality. Date. fy ne ZS a |ES| a oO oh) #1 ol | ais | Slaal @ = | is si(a\2 |5 (28) # | EA Ke A |O la |e | a | ES | | 125972) U.S. | Adult male ...| Chatham Island ..| Mar. 30, 1891 |3 322.10) .70) .30 .40| 501.10). 71 | BS Bisel, op eesccc| 2 os dot eae June 16, 1891 |3 282.13) 168.30 138.50 1.12.7 | 40 |B.& A.| Youngmale-..|..... i Papeaaeceeees June 14, 1891 |3. 25 2.10! 68) .30 . 40) .501.10!.70 | 60 |B.& A.|..... GOs seeaeeleeeee CG leesee eee | June 17, 1891 |3.30 2.20) .68) .30 .41 .521.13).73 | 76 |B.& A. Immaturemaie).-... Gs 22-2estee | June 18, 1891 |3, 32 2. 30) 70) 30, .43) . 53/1. 10!. 72 89 B.& A.) Young male...|..-.. dimeeeee eee Tune 19, 1891 3.30 2.20, 63.29 43.52 mae | disparage SECN ae teeter 3,232.17) .68) 30, .41) .51 Lue | | - z = = 115911 | U.S. | Immaturemale} Charles Island..-..} Apr. 8, 1888 |3. 45 2.25) .72) .32) .42) .52)1. 12). 75 125967 || U.S. |:-.-- dove--5---1- ae Ose er ee eee Apr. 1, 1891 |3. 452.20) .70). .42) .50)1. 08). 73 | | SS SALON 2 Geen ea oee eee 3. 45'2. 23] .71) 32) .42) .51/1. 10). 74 116040 | U.S. |.....do ........| Indefatigable Is. | Aug. 12, 1888 |3. 45.2. 25) .70| . 30) . 4)-.../1 ula | land. | | 116041. U.S. ease OO s eres eee WO Ns cele fatten Een: Wonesse- 3.40 2. 28) .67) .30 - 40) - 50)1. 12}. 70 | | Se cere et ete eee | ASVOT AIC oer eee sevice aaa 3. 43/2. 27] .69] . 30) . 41) .50)1.12).71 —|——|—— }- | ——] —| | —_— 97 B. & A,| Young fe- | Chatham Island...) June 16, 1891 |3. 22 2. 10 . 63| . 29) . 39) . 48/1. 05). 69 | | male? | | 73). 66 Al So. ie esac ease COS aeace tate June 18, 1891 |3. A 20 . 65 30} .39) .50/1. 15). 72 | ee ee ee ee ee eee | | Avelage.c.23| 2-00. ences: 3,262.15, .64) 30) 39) .491. 10. 71 = =e ae 446 B.& A. Adult female?-| Tndetstigable Is- | Aug. 6, 1891 /3. 222.07) . 68 29) . 35) . - 49,1. 08 . 70 | and. | - e ad | = | | | | 7 513 B.& A. Adult female..| James Island ..--. Aug. 12, 1891 |3. 11 16) - 60) . 28) 38 | -49 1.05.68 524 |B.& A.|....- GO teers see|-soee G0) amor c ees Aug. 13, 1891 |3. 232.13) . 62 - 28) .38) .50)1.13.74 | Average ....| fee? 3.172. 15| .61] _ 38) 501 09.71. | | |= = = 645 B.& A. Adult? female?) Albemarle Island -| July 21,1891 |8, 252.20 .60) . ay: 38) Ea 08. 68 wo. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 551 CAMARHYNCHUS CRASSIROSTRIS, Gould. (Plate LVI, fig. 18.) Camarhynchus crassirostris, GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., Pt. v, 1837, p. 6 (Galapa- gos Islands); Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 103, pl. xL1 (Charles Island?).—BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 542.—GrRay, Gen. B., II, 1844, p. 359; Hand-l., II, 1870, p. 89.—ScLATER and SALVIN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, p. 29.—SaLvIn, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 489 (Charles Island),— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, p. 16 (Charles Island). Specific characters.—(No specimens seen by me, and the various pub- lished descriptions, purporting to have been taken from the same speci- men, are conspicuously at variance in regard to the principal characters of plumage, besides showing important discrepancies as to measure- ments. ) Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Charles Island? (Darwin.) Three descriptions of this species, all purporting to have been taken from the same specimen (the type, now in the British Museum), are as follows: If ‘*O, (Mas. jun. et Foem.) corpore superiore intense brunneo, singulis plumis cinerascenti-olivaceo marginatis; gutture pectoreaue cineras- centi-olivaceis, singulis in medio plumis obscurioribus; abdomine late- ribus crissoque cinereis stramineo tinctis. “Long. tot., 54 une.; ale, 3.34; caudz, 2; tarsi, 14; rostri, 4; alt. rostri, 4. “Upper part of the body deep brown, with each feather margined with cinereous olive; the throat and breast cinereous olive, with the - middle of each feather darker; the abdomen, sides, and under tail- coverts cinereous tinged with straw-color. “ Habitat.—Galapagos Archipelago (Charles Island?).” (Gould.) i: “Supra cinereus; capite fuliginoso-nigro: subtus albidus, gula et pectore superiore plumis singulis medialiter nigris: tectricibus alarum et rectricum apicibus fusco albido marginatis: long. tota 5.2, ale 3, caude 1.9, tarsi 0.85, rostri a rictu 0.5. “« Habitat.—Charles Island (?) (Darvin). “The type specimen in the Pritish Museum, from which the above description is taken, is probably an adult male.” (Salvin.) iil. “The type specimen is probably a young male. It differs from C. variegatus in its uniform under surface not being mottled with brown streaks. It has a slight indentation in the cutting edge of the upper mandible answering to G. dentirosiris in the genus Geospiza. Total - length, 5.3 inches; culmen, 0.6; wing, 3.05; tail, 1.9; tarsus, 0.9.” 552 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. Vou. xx. (Sharpe.) (It may be remarked that Dr. Sharpe does not think it werth while to question the locality, Charles Island being given without an interrogation mark !) By comparing the above descriptions with one another it will easily be seen that they differ widely in essential points. In fact, it is diffi- cult to believe that they were not taken from three different birds! I have a suspicion that this bird may be the same as the form which I have treated in this paper under the title of C. variegatus, Sclater and Salvin, which certainly occurs on Charles Island. Should this surmise prove correct, and no error of identification have been made, C. variegatus will become a synonym of C. crassirostris. CAMARHYNCHUS PSITTACULUS, Gould. (Plate LVI, figs. 14-16.) Camarhynchus psittacula, GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., Pt. v, 1837, p. 6 (Galapagos Islands). Camarhynchus psittaculus, DARWIN, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 103, pl. xu (James Island).—ScCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 323 (Indefatigable Island); Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, p. 29.—SaLvin, ‘Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. rx, 1876, p.488 (James and Indefatigable islands).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, p. 16 (James and Indefatigable islands ).— ¢tIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1890, p. 109 (James and Indefatigable islands). ? Camarhynchus townsendi, RIDGWAY, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XII, No. 767, Feb. 5, 1890, p. 110 (Charles Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection U. 8. Nat. Mus.). ? Camarhynchus rostratus, RIDGWAY, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, No. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 363 (James Island; collection U. S. Nat. Mus.). Specific characters.—Bill short and stout, its basal depth much exceeding the length of the maxilla from the nostril, and the basal width of the mandible decidedly greater than the length of the gonys. Wing, 2.65-3; culmen (from extreme base), 0.55-0.61; width of mandi- ble at base, 0.45-0.47; depth of bill at base, 0.43-0.47. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: ? Charles Island (Albatross); Inde- fatigable Island (Habel, Albatross); Jervis Island (Baur and Adams); James Island (Darwin, Albatross, Baur and Adams). Adult male.—No. 116006, U.S.N.M.; James Island, April 11; C. H. Townsend.' Head, neck, and chest dull black, passing into dusky sooty brown on forehead; rest of upper parts dull grayish olive, much lighter on rump and upper tail-coverts; lower parts from breast back- ward dull white, tinged with buff posteriorly, especially on under tail- coverts; breast, particularly on sides, indistinctly but rather broadly streaked with dusky. Bill black, brownish on gonys; tarsi deep horn brown; toes dusky. Length (skin), 5.30; wing, 3; tail, 1.80; culmen, 0,62, very strongly arched; depth of bill at base, 0.48, from base of 1'Type of C, rostratus, Ridgway. ; No. 1116, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 553 culmen to angle of gonys, 0.50; width of mandible at base, 0.37; tarsus, 1; middle toe, 0.70. Immature male.—No. 116039, U.S.N.M.; Indefatigable Island, April 12; C. H. Townsend. Above light grayish olive, the -top of the head rather grayer, broadly but rather indistinctly streaked with dusky, the feathers of the back still more broadly but much less distinctly darker medially. Supraloral region, malar and suborbital regions, and entire under parts dull grayish white, faintly tinged with yellowish buff, especially on chest and breast; the former and sides of the latter broadly but very indistinctly streaked with grayish dusky. Bill dusky horn color, light brown on edge of maxilla and terminal two-thirds of mandible; tarsi and toes brownish black. Length (skin), 5.50; wing, 2.90; tail, 1.80; culmen, 0.60, very strongly arched; depth of bill at base, 0.45, from base of culmen to angle of gonys, 0.47; tarsus, 0.90; middle toe, 0.62. Adult female.—No. 564, collection of Dr. G. Baur; James Island, Gala- pagos, August 17, 1891. Above light grayish olive, the pileum obso- letely streaked with darker and the feathers of the back and secapulars darker centrally, produc- ing an obsolete spotting; rump and upper tail- coverts quite uniform, the latter paler and grayer; wings and tail dusky brownish gray, the feath- ers with light grayish olive margins, the middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with this color, forming an indistinct band, the greater coverts more narrowly tipped with a paler and some- Fig.6. Head of Camarhynchus what more buffy tint. Lores, orbital region, eas cheeks, and under parts dull grayish buffy whitish, tinged with dull buff on sides and flanks, where obsoletely streaked with darker; ear-coverts very pale olive-grayish, shading pos- teriorly into the darker color of the hind neck and below into the dull whitish of the malar region; under wing-coverts white, tinged along edge of the wing with pale yellowish buff. Maxilla cinnamon-brown, becoming dusky at tip and on terminal portion of culmen; mandible buff-yellowish; “iris dark brown;” legs and feet brownish black. Length (skin), 4.70; wing, 2.77; tail, 1.75; culmen, 0.61; gonys, 0.32; width of mandible at base, 0.34; depth of bill at base. 0.45; tarsus, 0.99; middle toe, 0.60. Immature female.—No. 582; same locality, etc., August 18, Different from the preceding only in the wing-markings, both the middle and greater coverts having much narrower and more sharply defined termi- nal margins of buffy whitish, the secondaries similarly but less dis- tinctly marked. Length (skin), 4.55; wing, 2.64; tail, 1.60; culmen, 0.55, gonys, 0.30; width of mandible at base, 0.33; depth of bill at base, 0.44; tarsus, 0.90; middle toe, 0.60. An adult female from Jervis Island in Dr, Baur’s collection (No. 464, (Type of C. townsendi.) 554 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, vou.x1x. August 8, 1891) is essentially identical with that from James Isiand, the only obvious difterence consisting in the slightly paler and grayer color of the pileum and hind neck, with more evident darker streaks, and slight more ochrascent wing-bands. Its measurements are as fol- lows: Length (skin), 4.60; wing, 2.75; tail, 1.75; culmen, 0.57; gonys, 0.30; width of mandible at base, 0.35; depth of bill at base, 0.43; tar- sus, 0.90; middle toe, 0.65, Measurements of Camarhynchus psittaculus. ., Ps | ° i) Ss : oo 2 Num- Collee against the buffy whitish of the breast, the { ae latter with far fewer and less distinct streaks, Peay the sides and flanks not streaked at all. Fig.7. Head of Camarhynchus Otherwise, the coloration is the same. Length en (skin), 5; wing, 2.85; tail, 1.70 (much worn); eee culmen, 0.58; gonys, 0.30; bill from nostril, 0.38; tarsus, 0.96; middle toe, 0.60. Adult female.—Tynve, No. 115913, U.S.N.M.; Charles Island, Galapa- gos, April 8,1888; U.S.S. Albatross. Above olive, the feathers of the head and back slightly darker centrally, the olive color paler on the the rump; wings and tail dull grayish dusky with iighter olive-grayish edgings, these dull buffy on middle and greater wing-coverts; supraloral space and malar region pale dull grayish buffy; chin and throat similar but paler and more grayish; rest of under parts pale buffy fading into nearly white on belly; sides and flanks tinged with grayish olive, and chest very faintly flammulated with the same. Bill wholly grayish 560 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDG WAY, Vou xix. black ; legs and feet dusky brown. Length (skin), 4.60; wing, 2.70, tail, 1.65; culmen, 0.50; gonys, 0.50; bill from rictus, 0.50; depth at base, 0.35; tarsus, 0.85; middle toe, 0.58. The relationships of this species are evidently with C. prosthemelas rather than C. psittaculus and allied forms, the bill being even more compressed and elongated. In coloration, the adult males resemble them about equally, there being no material difference between the various species of the group. ! The adult female most resembles that of C. prosthemelas, but has the chest and sides darker (distinctly brownish buffy), the former without distinct streaks, at least in the single specimen examined. An immature bird of undetermined sex (No. 52401, U.S.N.M.; Charles Island; received from Professor Sundevall) is anon and ‘cron above than the adult female described above, has the under parts paler with distinct dusky streaks on the chest, and has the bill light colored (maxilla light brown, mandible pale dull buffy). Measurements of Camarhynchus pauper. Num- Collee- dible. Sex and age. | Locality. Date. Basal width of ber. tion. | si | " : é Z 2 | | 125968 U.S. | Adult male | Charles Is- | Apr. 1,1891 ‘2, 80 (1.70 58) . 30.30 37 .91|.60 | 195069 | U.S. |...--do -.-.0- eagle |.----do ..-..|2.85 |1.73 | .58] .30).29 |...) 911.63. | Average. | eee eee re 83+/1.72+) .58) . 30). a 37 - 91). 62+ 115913 | U.S. | Adult female .| Charles Is- | Apr. 8,1888|2.69 |1.58 | .57| .291.28 | .35| .85/.60 | land. | | | | | | | | | | CAMARHYNCHUS INCERTUS, Ridgway. Camarhynchus incertus, RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, No. 1067, April 23, 1896, p. 294 (James Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection of Dr. G. Baur). Specific characters.—Adult male unknown. Adult female most like that of C. compressirostris, Ridgway, of Jervis Island, but smaller (the bill especially), with upper parts brighter olivaceous and under parts distinctly yellowish buff. Similar in color to C. salvini, Ridgway, of Chatham Island, but much larger. Wing, 2.50; tail, 1.50; culmen, 0.53; tarsus, 0.82, Pr me atapaccs Archipelago (James Island, Baur and Adams). Adult female.—Ty pe, No. 521, collection of Dr. G. Baur; James Island, Galapagos, August 15, 1891. Above bright buffy olive, the pileum rather distinetly streaked with grayish dusky, the back and secapulars more obsoletely and broadly streaked or eon with the same, entirely ‘Excepting possibly C. salvini, of which I eee never seen a plaake honded male. No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 561 uniform postenior fo fe Nae a ihe Ponce lighter and more distinctly tly buffy on the lower rump; -wings and tail dusky grayish brown, the feathers with distinct lighter margins (very narrow, and pale olive-gray on the primaries), the middle and greater coverts tipped with dull buff, forming two fairly distinct bands.' A superciliary stripe (disappearing above the ear coverts), and general color of under parts pale yellowish buff, shaded with brownish along the sides and flanks, where obsoletely streaked (most distinctly on flanks) with dusky olivaceous; under wing- coverts white, tinged, especially along edge of wing, with pale cream- yellow. Maxilla light cinnamon with dusky tip; mandible very pale brownish buffy; “iris dark brown;” legs and feet blackish brown. Length (skin), 4.30; wing, 2.50; tail, 1.50; culmen, 0.53; gonys, 0.29; width of mandible at base, 0.29; tarsus, 0.82; middle toe, 0.57. The bird described above is absolutely similar in plumage to C. sal. vim, of Chatham Island, but is nearly as large as C. compressirostris. Were these two species found together on the same island, I would be disposed to consider the present bird a hybrid; but manifestly this ean not be the case. It is possible that a larger series of specimens would run C. compressirostris and C. incertus together, in which case there would be another form common to the two islands of James and Jer- vis; but for the present I have to consider them as different. CAMARHYNCHUS SALVINI, Ridgway. (Plate LVI, fig. 9.) Camarhynchus prosthemelas (nec SCLATER and SALVIN), SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 125, part (Chatham Island).—RipG@way, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 110, part (Chatham Island). Camarhynchus salvini, RipGway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XVII, No. 1007, Noy. 15, 1894, p. 364 (Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection U.S. Nat. Mus.). Specific characters.—Similar to OC. prosthemelas, Sclater and Salvin, of James, Indefatigable and Charles islands, ete., but larger, more strongly tinged with bufty yellow and more extensively streaked beneath, the adult male apparently without any black.on head, neck or chest. Wing, 2.45-2.63; tail, 1.45-1.58; culmen, 0.48-0.52; tarsus, 0.81-0.88, Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Chatham Island (Kinberg, Town- send, Baur and Adams). Adult (?)male (worn plumage).—Type, No. 125977, U.S.N.M.; Chatham Island, Galapagos, March 30, 1891; C. H. Townsend. Above, including pileum, dusky olive, the feathers with lighter olive edges, producing an indistinctly streaked appearance; rectrices edged with more yellowish olive; under parts dull buffy whitish, the chest, sides, and flanks streaked with dusky (most distinct on chest, least so on flanks, where 'The molt is aie ie pao a few of Pine: ee greater wing-coverts belong to the unmolted plumage. These old feathers, perhaps representing an lnmature dress, corresponding to that described under C. psittaculus, are margined both laterally and terminally with dull whitish, only very faintly tinged with buff, Oc. Ne NL Vole xIx 36 562 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vot. x1x. the color of the streaks is nearly that of the back). Bill wholly deep black: legs and feet brownish black. Length (skin), 4.25; wing, 2.60; tail, 1.55; culmen, 0.52; gonys, 0.27; depth of bill at base, 0.25; tarsus, 0.88; middle toe, 0.57. Adult (2) female (fresh plumage).—No. 125978, U.S.N.M.; same locality, ete. Above dark olive, the feathers margined with lighter, more buffy olive, the latter nearly uniform on rump and upper tail-coverts; under parts pale straw yellow, the chest, sides, and flanks broadly striped with dusky olive. Bill light brown, the mandible rather paler, espe- cially underneath; legs and feet blackish brown. Length (skin), 4.05; wing, 2.48; tail, 1.45; culmen, 0.50; gonys, 0.25; depth of bill at base, 0.23; tarsus, 0.85; middle toe, 0.55. Young male.—No. 98, collection of Dr. G. Baur, Chatham Island, June 22,1891. Similar to the adult (?) female, as described above, but upper parts rather more distinctly streaked with darker, especially on pileum, and under parts brighter buff-yellow, with dusky streaks narrower, very distinct only on chest; superciliary region conspicuously light yellowish buff; bill light buffy cinnamon, the mandible paler. Length (skin), 4.20; wing, 2.63; tail, 1.58; culmen, 0.50; gonys, 0.25; basal width of mandible, 0.28; basal depth of bill, about 0.32;! tarsus, 0.81; middle toe, 0.55. Young female.—No. 53, collection of Dr. G. Baur, Chatham Island, June 16,1891. Similar to the young male, as described above, but upper parts more buffy olive, with darker streaks on pileum, etc., less dis- tinct, and under parts without distinct streaks, even on chest. Length (skin), 3.90; wing, 2.45; tail, 1.50; culmen, 0.48; gonys, 0.25; basal width of mandible, 0.26; basal depth of bill, 0.32; tarsus, 0.82; middle toe, 0.54, It may be that the fully adult male of this species has the head and chest blackish, as in C. prosthemelas, C. pauper, and other forms. In addition to the eleven specimens in the National Museum collec- tion, procured by Mr. C. H. Townsend, naturalist of the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, Dr. Baur’s collection contains seven examples from the same island. Measurements of Camarhynchus salvini. Lae dathcte | S| | 4 Kel Man | Gullo! ashe aclieere e3 g Num- |Collee-; o— 7 oe eset nes tes | bert tones ee and age. Locality. Date. le | la jos esl aia leo} .|sia | Blesl Big Slgigig |aleFl eis | al ae 125973 | U.S. | Adult male?..| Chatham Island ..| Mar. 30, 1891 |2. 52/1. 55) .50 .35 25] .28) .89/.56 L259 TAN OWS. S| a aoalLbmeale:.. seeder ces anes ceee| cee Gos. oe 2.56 1.58) .55) .35 .28) .27| .88.58 TDS Thal ews sk seer doeeeesee DO soc tesa near do 2.49/1.52) .50)....] . 25] . 28] .85.53 125976715 Ui. ankcesee ca Seseeee OG ree stones beer do ...../2. 50/1. 50) .50) . 34] .25) . 28] .85'.50 125977 | U.S SOO ecazene SAO) oe aanamnes con a do .. =. .|2..58/1.'55) 62) .35) /27|) 27) s68 04 a ROSAS leas oe = | FAV OTEIO were ncntreclviscismisie® 2. 53\!. 54, ©6121) 85) . 26 x 87.54 | - — | =|——=|- | 125978 | U.S. | Adult female.| Chatham Island -.| Mar. 30,1891 2.49 1. 48) i fH . 26 a . 87). 55 [NE | ee ee eee NS Se Se ee No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 563 CAMARHYNCHUS PROSTHEMELAS, Sclater and Salvin. (Plate LVI, fig. 10.) Camarhynchus prosthemelas, SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, pp. 323, 325, fig. 4 (Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago); Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, p. 29.—SALVIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. rx, 1876, p. 490.—Suarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, p. 17 (Indefatigable and James islands).—Rip@- way, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 110 (part: Charles and James islands). Smallest species of the genus (wing not exceed- Specific characters. ing 2.55). Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Baurand Adams) ; Charles Island (Kinberg, Townsend, Baur and Adams); Indefatigable Island (Habel, Baur and Adams); Jervis Island (Baur and Adams); James Island (Albatross, Baur and Adams). Adult male.—No. 115909, U.S.N.M.; Charles Island, Galapagos, April 8, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Head, neck, and chest uniform black, end- ing abruptly beneath in a convex outline; rest of under parts plain buffy white, tinged with olive-gray laterally; rest of upper parts olive, the feathers of the back with indistinct darker centers; remiges and rectrices dusky, margined with grayish olive, the edges of the outer- most primaries approaching grayish white. Bill, legs, and feet entirely black. Length (skin),3.85; wing, 2.50; tail, 1.50; culmen, 0.45; gonys, 0.22; depth of bill at base, 0.30; tarsus, 0.93; middle toe, 0.55. Adult male (in worn plumage).—No. 125970, U.S.N.M.; same locality and collector, April 1, 1891. Essentially similar to the specimen de- scribed above, but black of anterior lower parts not extending farther backward than fore neck, the chest being whitish, broadly streaked with dusky; upper parts, posterior to pileum, plain dusky olive-gray- ish. Length (skin),4; wing, 2.55; tail, 1.57; culmen, 0.45; gonys, 0.22; tarsus, 0.79; middle toe, 0.51. Immature male.-—No. 116010, U.S.N.M.; James Island, April 11, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Pileum and hind neck dusky, the feathers very indistinctly edged with grayish olive; rest of upper parts dull grayish olive, the feathers of back dusky centrally; under parts (including throat, etc.) dull grayish white, tinged with pale yellowish buff, pass- ing into pale olive-brownish on sides and flanks, the chest and sides of breast streaked with dusky. Otherwise as in adult male. Length (skin), 4.15; wing, 2.52; tail, 1.60; culmen, 0.45; gonys, 0.21; depth of bill at base, 0.30; tarsus, 0.78; middle toe, 0.58. Young male.—No. 421, collection of Dr. G. Baur; Indefatigable Island, August 5, 1891. Above rather light olive-gray, becoming paler and tinged with buffy on rump, the pileum and hind neck broadly and dis- tinctly streaked with dusky, and feathers of the back and scapulars with a large, sharply defined central spot of the same; wings and tail dusky, the feathers margined with light olive-grayish, paler and 564 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vo. xix. more - buffy on ‘middle and greater” wing- coverts; under parts “white, very faintly tinged with pale buffy, shaded on sides and flanks with pale brownish buffy, and sparsely streaked across chest and along sides with dusky olive-grayish. Bill pale cinnamon.brown, the mandi- ble lighter and more buffy. Length (skin), 3.70; wing, 2.42; tail, 1.57; culmen, 0.45; gonys, 0.20; basal width of mandible, 0.25; basal depth of bill, 0.31; tarsus, 0.79; middle toe, 0.52, Adult female.—No. 460, collection of Dr.G. Baur; Indefatigable Island, August 7, 1891. Similar to the young male described, but dusky streaks of pileum and hind neck and spots on dorsal region very much less distinct, the upper surface in general being nearly plain light buffy olive-grayish. Length (skin), 3.70; wing, 2.40; tail, 1.45; ecul- men, 0.46; gonys, 0.22; basal width of mandible, 0.27; basal depth of bill, 0.31; tarsus, 0.80; middle toe, 0.56. Young female.—No. 457, collection of Dr. G. Baur; Indefatigable Island, August 7, 1891. Similar to the adult female, but more oliva- ceous and still more uniform above, and under parts strongly tinged with light brownish buffy, especially on chest, sides, and flanks, which are not obviously streaked. Length (skin), 3.70; wing, 2.37; tail, 1.43; culmen, 0.46; gonys, 0.24; basal width of mandible, 0.25; basal depth of bill, 0.82; tarsus, 0.80; middle toe, 0.50. Although specimens have been examined from all the islands known to be inhabited by this species, adult males from only two of them, James and Charles, have been seen by me.' These do not differ so far as I can discover, and I am unable to detect any constant differences between the females and immature birds from the several islands, Measurements of Camarhynchus prosihemelas. | | ie ad é | 2 3 ahr Collec- Sexandage| Locality. | Date. | eal else | ; ber. tion. | . | oi al Puree aged a a > | 2 Ania Soe 2 S| | | }ei/a|/fl¢ le z| 3 | | El Mees sleenes a | > | 115909 U.S. Adult male Charles Isle in| Apr. 8,1888} 2.51 | 1.60 |.46 | .32 |.23 27| .82'. 55 Too 708 | PU: jesse do Besa QO Reece Apr. 1,1891 |} 2.55 | 1.60 45° 1.32) 22 soa atti WS 125971 | U.S. | Immature |.-.... don s4 Fae doce (2. 30)| (1. 43) |. 44 Poole .26) .78.53 male. _|—- —— - —_- ——_|—_- - Average.|.......-...--.| 2.93 | 1.60 }.45 .o2 |.2e . 26) . 79). 544- 116007 | U.S. | Adult male) James Island.| Apr. 11,1888} 2.37 | 1.52 |.41 | .31 |.21 ! .25). 79.50 116008 | U.S. |....- COs ae ee Goi orsse oe leaner (Ovens. 2.49} 1.45 |.4 -3l |.22 | .27) . 79). 52 TEGHOS | OAS les ares Oi caA |e oe COs tS aa ae dge BOO!) 1.65) a3 oon, [sok 20]. SLh.50 116010 | U.S. | Immature |..... Or sec co lee OOrsse es Zot dolaos ao B32) |:20” leet seOeos | male. - - - Avepadecie eee 2.47 | 1.53+1.43+| .32 |.224| 26) .80.51 | = . a ‘ j 1Specimens examined are as follows: Albemarle Island, 3 specimens (no adult males); James Island, 8 specimens (3 adult males); Jervis Island, 3 specimens (no adult males); Ind2fatigable Island, 7 specimens (no adult males); Charles Island, 4 specimens (2 adult males). No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 565 CAMARHYNCHUS PALLIDUS (Sclater and Salvin). (Plate LVI, fie. 7.) Cactornis pallida, SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, pp. 323, 327 (Inde- fatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago); Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, p. 29.— > ) Mus., XII, 1888, p. 20 (Indefatigable Island). ? Cactornis pallida, SCLATER and SALVIN?, Ripa@way, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, 1890, p. 109 (James Island). ? CLactornis] hypoleuca, RipDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, No. 767, Feb. 5, 1890, p. 199, in text (James Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection U.S. Nat. Mus.). Specific characters.—( Adult male unknown.) Adult female and imma- ture male and female closely similar in coloration and general dimen- sions to corresponding plumages of C. psittaculus, Gould, but bill very different in form, being slender and compressed, with its basal depth much less than the distance from the nostril to the tip of the maxilla, and the basal width of the mandible also much less than the length of the gonys. Culmen (from extreme base), 0.70-0.77; tarsus, 0.92-0,94. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Indefatigable Island (Habel); Jervis Island (Baur and Adams); James Island (Albatross, Baur and Adams). Immature male.—No, 115997, U.S.N.M; James Island, Galapagos, April 11, 1888; C. H. Townsend; type of Cactornis hypoleuca, Ridgway. Above plain light grayish olive, the pileum very indistinctly streaked with darker; wings dusky, with pale grayish olive edgings, the middie and greater coverts edged more broadly with dull buffy. A supercil- lary stripe (becoming obsolete above auriculars), suborbital and malar Tegions, and entire lower parts dull white tinged with pale buffy on under parts of the body, the under tail-coverts more decidedly so; sides of chest very indistinctly streaked with pale grayish. Bill pale yellow- ish brown (the mandible lighter and more yellowish), darker at tip; legs and feet blackish brown. Length (skin), 5.70; wing, 2.95; tail, 1.80; culmen, 0.77; gonys, 0.39; bill to rictus, 0.70; width of mandible at base, 0.31; depth of bill at base, 0.39; tarsus, 0.90; middle toe, 0.63, Adult (7) female.—No., 552, collection of Dr. G. Baur; James Island, Galapagos, August 16, 1891. Similar to the immature male, as de- scribed above, but with very distinct and rather broad streaks of gray- ish olive on chest, sides, and flanks. Length (skin), 4.45; wing, 2.72; tail, 1.64; culmen, 0.70; gonys, 0.58; width of mandible at base, 0.30; depth of bill at base, 0.39?;' tarsus, 0.92; middle toe, 0.66. An immature male from Jervis Island in Dr. Baur’s collection (No. 469, August 8, 1891) is very similar to the James Island specimen described above, but is appreciably more olivaceous above, has the under parts distinctly tinged with pale buffy yellowish, and is slightly smaller, its measurements being as follows: Length (skin), about 4.80; wing, 'The bill is not tightly closed, and this measurement therefore only approximately correct. 566 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. VOU, xIx. 2.82; tail, 1.85; culmen, 0.75 gonys, 0.39; width of mandible at base, 0.30; depth of bill at base, 0.58; tarsus, 0.93; middle toe, 0.65, T am still somewhat doubtful whether the birds described above are really the Cactornis pallida of Sclater and Salvin, not having been able to compare them with a specimen from Indefatigable Island. The orig- inal description, the brevity of which renders it unsatisfactory, certainly does not agree well with any of the specimens examined, particularly in regard to the coloration of the under parts, which are described as being pale ochraceous, the under surface of the two James Island and single Jervis Island specimens being essentially white, very slightly tinged with buff-yellowish. Dr. Sharpe, however, in describing the same specimen, says that the under parts are “white, slightly washed with olive-yellow,” which agrees very well with the specimens before me. There are also some slight discrepancies in measurements, which, however, may be the result of somewhat different methods of meas- uring! CAMARHYNCHUS PRODUCTUS, Ridgway. (Plate LVI, fig. 8.) Camarhynchus productus, RIDGWAY, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII. No. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, p. 364 (Albemarle Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection of Dr. G. Baur). Specific characters.—Similar to C. pallidus, Selater and Salvin, but smaller (the bill especially) and deeper colored. Culmen (from extreme base), 0.67-0.69; tarsus, 0.89-0.90. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Baurand Adams). 1 The descriptions referred to are as follows: (a) Original description: ‘Supra olivaceo-fusea, alis caudaque obscure fuscis, dorso colore anguste limbatis; subtus pallide ochracea; tectricibus subalaribus et remigum marginibus internis albis; rostro pallide corneo, pedibus nigris; long. tota 4.7, ali 2.7, c aude 1.7, rostr a rictu 0.65, tarsi 0.9. “Pem. mari similis. “* Hab.—Indefatigable Island. “ Obs.—Colore ab omnibus distincta, sed forsan avis haud adulta. Altamen mas et femina, specimina sola que nobis adsunt, vestitu omnino congruunt.” (b) Sharpe’s description : “Vale (2? in seasonal plumage).—General color above pale olive-brown, with ashy margins to the feathers; lesser wing-coverts like the back; median and greater wing- coverts brown, edged with whity brown, more broadly on the former series; pri- mary-coverts and quills dark brown, edged with ashy olive or paler olive-brown on the secondaries; tail-feathers brown, margined with olive-brown; head a little duller than the back; lores, eyelid, and feathers below the eye whitish, tinged with olive-yellow; ear-coverts light olive-brown, with whitish shaft-lines; cheeks, throat, and under surface of body white, slightly washed with olive-yellow, with a few dusky streaks on the chest; flanks and sides of body pale fulvous-brown; under wing-coverts white, tinged with olive-yellow. Total length, 4.8 inches; culmen, 0.7; wing, 2.7; tail, 1.7; tarsus, 0.85. ** tdult female.—Similar to the male, Total length, 5 inches; culmen, 0.65; wing, 2.85; tail, 1.7; tarsus, 0.9.” No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 567 Immature male.—Type, No. 404, collection of Dr. G. Baur; Albemarle Island, July 31,1891. Above bright olive, without obviously darker centers to the feathers of the back, ete. ; wings and tail grayish dusky, the feathers broadly margined with buffy olive, the primaries narrowly edged with light yellowish olive; lores dull whitish, the feathers with erayish bases; superciliary region (passing but little behind eyes) yellowish buffy, the cheeks similar but slightly paler; general color of under parts pale buff-yellowish, faintly tinged with olive across chest, and strongly washed with bufty brown on sides and flanks, where obsoletely but broadly streaked with a darker and more grayish shade. Maxilla brownish black, becoming horn brown along tomium; mandible | horn brown, darker at tip; legs and feet blackish horn color; ‘iris | dark brown.” Length (skin), 4.80; wing, 2.90; tail, 1.80; culmen, 0.68 ; | gonys, 0.32; width of mandible at base, 0.27; depth of bill at base, | 0.33; tarsus, 0.90; middle toe, 0.61, | Immature (2) female.—No. 367, collection of Dr. G. Baur; Albemarle | Island, July 23, 1891. Essentially similar to the male, as described | above, but upper parts more buffy olive, under parts wholly clear light | buff-yellowish (the flanks only very obsoletely streaked with darker), and bill much lighter colored, the maxilla pale cinnamon and the man- | dible bufty whitish, both tipped with dusky brown; legs and feet dark | brown. Length (skin), 4.50; wing, 2.70; tail, 1.70; culmen, 0.67; gonys, 0.33; width of mandible at base, 0.28; depth of bill at base, 0.34; tarsus, 0.89; middle toe, 0.60. Another specimen (skinned from alcohol and therefore slightly difter- | ent in color, being whiter beneath and duller olive above) measures as | follows: Wing, 2.65; tail, 1.58; culmen, 0.69; width of mandible at + base, 0.28; depth of bill at base, 0.31; tarsus, 0.90; middle toe, 0.60. The type specimen, besides having a much darker bill, shows several distinct oblique sulcations on the sides of the mandible. Family ICTERIDA%. Genus DOLICHONYX, Swainson. Dolichonyx, SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., I, June, 1827, p. 435. Type, Fringilla oryzi- vora, Linneus. Range.—Eastern North America, migrating to tropical America in winter. Galapagos Archipelago (accidental during migration). DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS (Linnzus). Fringilla oryzivora, LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 179. Dolichonyx oryzivorus, SWAINSON, Zool. Jour., U1, 1827, p. 351.—DaRWIN, Zool. Voy. Beagle, II, Birds, 1841, p. 106 (James Island, Galapagos Archipelago ).— Savin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 491 (James Island, Galapagos Archipelago).—BaIRD, BREWER, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Amer. Birds, II, 1874, p. 149.—Ripaway, Man. N. Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 366. Range.—Temperate North America east of the Rocky Mountains, breeding northward; in winter, West Indies and parts of eastern South America. Accidental in the Galapagos Archipelago (James Island, Darwin). 568 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vou. x1x. ARCHIPELAGO, OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. (Sxsinsoon hy oe ly oedondo Rk, « 5 ft - = = — - 4 ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS DOLICHONYX, SWAINSON, IN THE GALAPAGOS a QUERVIS I. NN ' | G DUNCAN iS . | CHATHAM | | ALBEMARLE | % ane | Pt Cri'stophe! Crossman Is, ; shun 1 SBrattle Ls, CHARLES Blackbeach Rk 1. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnzus). Family TYRANNID A. Genus MYIARGCHUS, Gabanis. Myiarchus, CABANIS, Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1844-1846, p. 152. Type, Muscicapa Jerox, Gmelin. Range.—The whole of temperate and tropical America. Galapagos Archipelago (one peculiar species, coustituting a peculiar subgenus). Subgenus ERIBATES, Ridgway. Eribaies, RipGWAy, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, No. 955, Oct. 5, 1893, p. 606. Type, Myiobius magnirostris, Gray. Subgeneric characters.—Tarsus as long as the bill from the rictus; lateral outhnes of bill not contracted terminally. Otherwise similar to the subgenus Onychopterus.' ' Onychopterus, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., 1850, pl. Lxv. Type, Tyrannus tuderculi- fer, D’Orbigny and Lafresnaye. No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, 569 Range. BG Gnaned to cio Galapagos rene ago, Where represe nted by a single species. ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS MYIARCHUS, CABANIS, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO, OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. Cyancoon ' Os 4 Redondo Ak, 85 ft; 2 i ica iF 1 QUERVIS 1, A DUNCAN |. 5 INDEFATIGABLE |. eee Datlrym; + | Branston, Crossman Is. Brattle Is CHARLES Blathacvnin 1. Myiarchus maqnirostris (Gray). MYIARCHUS MAGNIROSTRIS (Gray). | Myiobius magnirostris, GRAY, in Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 48 (Chat- ham Island, Galapagos Archipelago). | Tyrannula magnirostris, GOULD, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, pl. VIII. Myiarchus magnirostris, SCLATER and SALVIN, Bue Zool. Soe., 1870, p. 823 (Inde- fatigable, Bindloe, and Abingdon islands).—SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1871, pp. 125, 127 (Charles and James islands).—Satvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., DPX Pit: xe 1876, p. 493 (Chatham, James, Indefatigable, Bindloe, and Abing- don islands).—ScLaTER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, p. Ae (Bindloe, Indefatigable, and Abingdon islands )._Ripeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIT, 1889, p. 113 (Chatham, James, Indefatigable, Abingdon, Duncan, Hocas and Charles islands). Empidonar magnirostris, BAIRD, BREWER, and RrpGway, Hist. N. Amer. Birds, II, 1874, p. 365. 570 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, Vou. x1. Specific characters.—Above plain brown (varying from light olive- brown to deep grayish sepia), the wings and tail dusky with paler mar- gins to the feathers (very pale on wing-coverts and tertials), the inner webs of rectrices (especially middle ones) more or less broadly edged with cinnamon-rufous or pale wood brown; chin, throat, and chest pale gray ;' rest of under parts pale straw yellow or primrose yellow. Wing, 2,50-2.92; tail, 2.20-2.68; tarsus, 0.81-0.90. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Baur and Ad- ams); Duncan Island (Albatross, Baur and Adams); Charles Island (Kinberg, Townsend, Baur and Adams); Hood Island (Albatross, Baur and Adams); Chatham Island (Darwin, Kinberg, Townsend, Baur and Adams); Barrington Island (Baur and Adams); Indefatigable Island (Habel, Albatross, Baur and Adams); Jervis Island (Baur and Adams); James Island (Kinberg, Albatross, Baur and Adams); Bindloe Island (Habel); Abingdon Island (Habel, Albatross). Adult male—No. 90554, U.S.N.M.; Indefatigable Island, between September and October 16, 1868; Dr. A. Habel. Above plain grayish olive, slightly browner on pileum, paler and more olivaceous on rump; upper tail-coverts broccoli brown, slightly tinged with wood brown; wings and tail dusky, the middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped (the latter also narrowly edged) with pale hair brown, the tertials broadly margined with the same; the other remiges narrowly edged with a darker shade of the same; outer webs of rectrices edged with pale olive, the outer web of exterior feathers inclining to pale hair brown; inner webs of second to fifth rectrices with inner half (approx- imately) dull cinnamon-rufous. Chin and throat pale gray, the chest similar, but tinged with pale yellowish; rest of under paris pale straw yellow or primrose yellow. Bill black, the mandible paler at base; legs and feet brownish black. Length (skin), 5.55; wing, 2.80; tail, 2.50; exposed culmen, 0.57; maxilla from nostril, 0:45; tarsus, 0.87; middle toe, 0.38. Adult female.—No, 115922, U.S.N.M.; Charles Island, April 8, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Similar to the adult male, as described above, but upper parts darker and more uniform olivaceous, gray of chest less tinged with yellow, and with less cinnamon-rufous on inner webs of rectrices, this color being mainly confined to the fourth and fifth feathers, with more on the second. Length (skin), 5.80; wing, 2.72; tail, 2.50; exposed culmen, 0.55; maxilla from nostril, 0.43; tarsus, 0.83; middle toe, 0.40. Young male.—No. 116132, U.S.N.M.; Abingdon Island, April 16, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Essentially like the adult, but wing-bars nar- rower and more yellowish, edges of remiges (except tertials and outer- most primaries) light cinnamon, and with more cinnamon-rufous on the tail, the inner webs of all the rectrices mainly of this color, except the outermost, on which it occupies nearly the mner half, all the rectrices except the outermost margined terminally with rusty. ‘Intermediate between “smoke gray” and gray No. 8. _ no. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 571 Although the series of 45 specimens examined exhibits some very perceptible variations in colors and dimensious, these appear to be chiefly of an individual character. Many of the specimens, however, are in worn or molting plumage, and the various islands are repre- sented so unequally that the comparison can not be considered a satis- factory one. In the three adults from Abingdon Island (obtained April 16, 1888) the inner webs of the rectrices are broadly edged with pale pinkish buff, instead of cinnamon-rufous, but these were skinned from alcohol, the action of which may have extracted or destroyed the rufous color. At any rate, two young birds from Abingdon have as much and as bright rufous on the rectrices as those from other islands. Measurements of Myiarchus magnirostris. al3l |, 7 S|) a | = eau: collec: Sex and age. Locality. Date. S eli) one Lele | ele q|2 | \F la |e lala | = 116153 U.S. Adult female | Abingdon Island . | Apr. 16,1888 2.73 2.300.600. 460.840. 41 Bee erase S* jy Adult... .<.-..|... 4. alate PER eae dogs Sete se! .58| .47| .87|....- g35095)|, US: |----= dG) eee: [Ee eee do eee do 2.62 2.30 eae . 46] .83| .40 116012 U.S. | Adult female s | Apr. 11, 1888 | 2.73 2. 45| -45) .85) .45 miedtt | U.S, |-2.-. dovsestes 2 opel 3s: bate eee Doec eee tee 60) .45) . 90] . 40 meni | U.S. |...-- dae Ne dors cto ase ae dope 2.65 2.45|....| 50) .84} .40 eer PUES) Se doe =. > -|----< pee ae eee Bee doiscchee | 2.75 2.55 58] 143] |83] 140 546 | B. & A. | Adult male ...|..... | Aug. 16, 1891 | 2.80 2.63] .58) -. | .87] .35 eeIa INT de ONES CUD, 2 Slt acs, se teee esac sete eee Sioa ees | 2.70 2.43] .51|.--.| .87] .32 | Average ....-.- Jeune ate | 2.71, 2.44] .58) .46) . 86) .39 484 | B. & A. | Adult female | Jervis Island........ “Ang 8, 1891 | 2.70 2.55) .57)..--| .87) -32 meres: ..a0~c..c. Dunean Island....... | Apr. 13, 1888 cae eee ee 125087 1 U.S. | ---- dose eas gis ee MEA Apri pho, Tete 2233: | .57| .43| . 83] . 40 M5894) WS. | |s2=s- doe -22. 58): |bonce GOP sae eee eee Apr 13) 1888) eae sel = - 41) . 84] .39 i585 |. Sic |... < daw as da te re eee Onn 2. 68) 2.38)....| .42) . 85] . 36 115897 U.S Adult male ...}..... Oise sseve atewieiees| scisiem dO 22252-)-5.05-|---5- | .61} .45) . 85) .40 Average ....--- eee | 2.77] 2.38) .57| .43) .84) .39 90554] U.S. |.---- dope ake Indefatigable Island.|........-.---- 2. 80| 2.50| .57| .43| .87)----- g6052 | U.S. |... dome ee | sa82 doen eee! Apr. 12, 1888 | 2. 88) 2.65) .54) .44) .90| .38 4a. | B.& A. |.---- don eae: do kee em |Aug. 5,1891| 2.71) 2.58 .60.-..| 83] .40 426 | B. & A. |..-.- do. 822 [aeeee dO preeerene teen ee lee aes jon eee 2.77| 2.40) .56-.-.| .90] .3 B27, | 3h As |: do eet eee 0 fete eas [Ese zidniee 2.78) 2.62] .51|....| .81| .41 ae ee ee ed ne daieesesalccees doe cee: BEES e Idaho | 2.80) 2.58) .55 .82| .39 1 | $$ —_—_| —__ |__| _—____—_ Average ....--- | panes shaw Venn 2.79| 2.55) .56) .45| .85| .39 | 115959| U.S. |.....do Chatham Island ..... | Apr 5, 1888 | 2.72 2.45 .58| .45, .85 .38 115960 U.S. Adult female. Bie Nand CO} aaesso st eenicef eee 00-22-25 2.50 2.20) .59) .43) .83 .38 | 5982 | Urs. |.--- owes de Retiat ere "Mar. 30,1891 | 2.53 2.28) 52) 142) 182 .35 | 119 | B.& A. | Adult male...|..... Cee June 25, 1891 | 2.70) 2.50) .58).-..| .85 .35 | PONG Nr St ede. oe ee |e: pee aoe June 13, 1891 | 2.74, 2.36 .57|....| 81 .39 | B (eBa ge As leooes donee lee GOs ee saseaee see June 12, 1891 | 2.83! 2.45) .58).---| .88 .40 SM esse NS (ee Ota oto sce tose act Be ee Ac June 11,1891 | 2.78 2.47, .58| 89 235 Bese caie len Asn ae ee eae PA OTAD Oe seme tera eee eee 2.69) 2.39) .57| .43) .85 .37 Rade079'| U.S. |-=-.-do .s.-02.- Hood Island......... Apr. 7, 1888 | 2.92, 2.60! .57| .47) .88) .41 | 116080 | U.S. Adult female. SaeNe OG so ease ae] eS do .=.+-=| 2:75) 2.58) 255} .43] ..85) .40 | 149842 | U.S. | Adult male...|..... an ee eee Ns do 2. 88| 2.61) .58| .49| .85..-.. MARE NAS? Ol Adulge: ct08c.5 oes ee ae aes do 2.74 2.50.55) .46, 82 - 149844 | U.S. |..... gee sane oS: ASR ral a do.csccs 2.70) 2.53) .58) .46, . 85) . 40 peests |) WS. |. .2:do ls. date. cet NS Ogee: doce! 2.87) 2.60.58) .45| .87) .43 149846 | U.S. |.....do......-.|....- leneeer ne, eee lose do.:=t5 =. 2. 87, 2.55.59) .48) .90..... Rivera feet a 328 ee 2 2.82 2.57 .57 .46) .86 .41 1115921} U.S. | Adult female. Charles Island ...... Apr. 8,1888 | 2.90 2.68 .52 .45| .89 .40. fis) |) U.S. fs - Taye re eres wes: Deere s ee |e Ls oss 2.72) 2.50) .55| .43) .83, . 40 125986 U.S AGuUlbs seep oeeleemee MOB seo S528 Apr. 1,1891 | 2.72) 2.37) .55) .43) .87) .40 AW CLAC Orie esas 2.78) 2.52) .54) .44) . 86) .40 ——— 572 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, vou. xix. Genus PYROCEPHALUS, Gould. Pyrocephalus, GouLD, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 44. Types, “Pyro- cephalus parvirostris (Gould) and Muscicapa coronata (Auct?).!” Range.—The whole of tropical and subtropical America, except West Indies, southern Florida, and parts of Central America, -Galapagos Archipelago (several peculiar species or local forms). KEY TO THE GALAPAGOS FORMS OF THE GENUS PYROCEPHALUS, GOULD. a}. Adult males with back, ete., very dark brown, sometimes almost black; larger. Wing, 2.27-2.60; tail, 1.94-2.20; exposed culmen, 0.40-0.50; tarsus, 0.70-0.76. b!. Adult males pure red beneath. c', Adult females clear yellow beneath. d'. Adult female with under parts light naples yellow. (James Island.) 1, P. nanus (p. 572). d*, Adult female with under parts light chrome yellow or deep naples yel- low; top of head more tinged with yellow; upper parts browner. (Indefatigable and Albemarle islands) ......2. P. intercedens (p.575). e*, Adult females buff beneath. (Charles Island)..-.3. P. carolensis (p. 576). b2. Adult male orange-red beneath. (Abingdon Island; Bindloe Island?.) 4. P. abingdoni (p. 578). a?, Adult male with back, ete., lighter grayish brown; smaller. Wing, 2.08- 2.37; tail, 1.80-2.05; exposed culmen, 0.35-0.42; tarsus, 0.62-0.73. (@hathamil sland) Rae ara eee eee eae 5. P. dubius (p. 579). I am well aware of the very unsatisfactory character of the above key, but Ihave very few specimens at hand from which to construct it, - Dr. Baur’s larger series having been returned to him. Furthermore, the difference between the several forms is most obvious in the females, and of P. abingdoni, the only one excepting the very distinet P. dubius, in which the adult male is noticeably different, the female is still unknown.” With the exception of P. dubius, Gould, of Chatham Island, which is sufficiently distinet, in my opinion, to hold specific rank, the other forms may properly be considered as merely local races of P?. nanus, more or less differentiated, the differentiation most marked in P. carolensis and P. abingdoni. PYROCEPHALUS NANUS, Gould. Pyrocephalus nanus, GOULD, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 45, pl. vi (Galapagos Archipelago).--SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 125 (part) (James Island).—RipG@way, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 112 (part) (James Island). Specific characters.—Adult male with pileum and under parts uniform bright vermilion red, the sides of head and upper parts plain blackish 1— Muscicapa rubina, Boddiert (1783), IW. coronata, Gmelin (1788). 2The adult females whose measurements are given on page 579 were skinned from alcohol and have their coloration so radically changed that they are unfit for com- parison in this respect. Itmay be remarked that the red of the adult males is wholly destroyed by the immersion in alcoho). No, 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 573 brown, the rectrices paler and more grayish, especially the lateral pair; adult female hair brown above, light naples yellow beneath, with chin and throat white. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: James Istand (Darwin?, Kinberg, Townsend, Baur and Adams). ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS PYROCEPHALUS, GOULD, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. fo | nea an Sa arene eee eC ( OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. DWENMAN |, {Naainsoon Lb 3? eg mice L (7 TOWER I. Redondo Rk, SS ft, Tags le ane JAMES I, o & ARBOROUGH 7? cvervis 1. A L j A Gf OUNCAN | 4° INDEFATIGABLE | : 4 ee ey | Dat cn { » ALBEMARLE |. alrymple Rh, Pt. Cristophe Preene - BARRINGTON |. : s shuwoatery 1 Pt. Essex. 6 Brattle Is, Bay CHARLES Blackbeach RY Boe Ba Sclater. sone 2... oaeete es 2.15 | 1,60 0.40 760. [f eae Ob Ei. Gcaeasey eam Smallest female from Chat- ham Island. -45 . 62 | No. 125989, U.S.N.M. : No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 581 This very distinct form was separated by me, provisionally, from P. nanus, as P. minimus, in the paper above cited, without being described in detail. The fourteen specimens subsequently received bring out very strongly its distinctive characters, and show it to be very different _ indeed from P. nanus and its nearer allies, from which, in any plum- age, Specimens may be distinguished at a glance. Measurements of Pyrocephalus dubius. | | Ex. | z 1, | Mid- aun Collec: Sex and age. | Locality. Date. | Wing. Tail, bosed ae dle men. ba: 115961 U.S. Adult male ....- Chatham Island| Apr. 5,1888)| 2.28 | 1.95 | 0.41 | 0.68 | 0.38 | 115962 | U.S. od Oe Sees eee ed Obs mee sot alnaee : dome: heehee eee .65 | .39 125990 U.S. .| Mar. 30,1891 | 2.25 | 1.87 | . 67 .39 135664 U.S. ADTs del SOU pretest eran ate , 67 . 40 IBGE || ROG SH,. WesoecUlereapescta eaanedaareererre leet dOleeeses 2.28 | 1.85 .68 | .38 2b Bia bo2Ac. | June 18,1888} 2.23 | 1.80 0) . 36 QBN Bader Ace lacie OTe ice tesee OU Weseasa acer | June 20, 1888} 2.29 | 2.02 SOON the . 36 NO4 SB de Avail — ose GOten sec mee nce owes assess | June 22, 1888| 2.22 | 1.87 .38 | .68 . 38 MQ | BS os Oz GAGs, erase ce MO oeeteatecee 0 aacacstaaclasci Om case: 23501 198 joGn|eetO . 30 a Be 6c Avili esos Oyse eae oe ia laereeis Os25- ess Junel16,1883 | 2.37 | 2.00 .39 . 69 oD B BaceeAGalhses dome eee eee ees Oe eer | eee dows ee SESW EQ ODN 5 40M oul ease n Bede Acs a cae: GC ieeoacaence losers Goese aes: | June12,188&&8| 2.30 | 1.89 .42 . 64 =3. y B.& A. | Immature male -|.--.. (l@areesosees June 16,1888} 2.28 / 1.93 | .40| .86| .34 POS Mba GoeAG. | Sae 2 GO eee cee [ete eee do....-.....| June 25, 1888 | 2.27 | 1.95 -40 . 61 . 34 6 B. & A..| Adult female ...|.-..- Cheeaaeecase | June 16,1888] 2.26 | 1.97 S50 Hi eis OU EOD € TB Ske AC ay | era are Oneness see Seas GOnse eh caces| eer doyasees: 2.08 | 1.91 . 35 08) |) s36 Gopi BaocrAt| ea. - Oe tee eee soe €@ostesce Junel17,1888| 2.23 | 1.93 . 36 nO) .35 125989 Weiss. Slaeeee CO ete enes | Peaee COs eres con: Mar. 30,1888} 2.20 | 1.83 42 -65 | .38 135662 Jesse, isaces On asace Hewes dove eee Apr. 4,1888; 2.18 | 1.85 . 38 . 62 . 30 135663 U.S. AMaulG? temalete|eseccdOscoseeneceloecios doveeceae 2. 24 | 1.85 | .35 | .65 | .39 AV OLS PO)a| see ae cee a ee DF o3" (T1502) \ie38. (0 70 ieee | | Family CUCULID. Genus COCCYZUS, Vieillot. Coccyzus, VIEILLOT, Analyse, 1816, p.28. Type, Cuculus americanus, Linneus. Range.—Temperate and tropical America in general. Galapagos Archipelago (one species of wide range on South American continent). COCCYZUS MELANOCORYPHUS, Vieillot. Coccyzus melanocoryphus, VIEILLOT, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist.,Nat., VIII, 1817, p. 271.— Ripeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889 (1890), p. 113 (Chatham and Charles islands, Galapagos Archipelago).—SHELLY, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIX, 1891, p. 307. Range.—The greater part of South America; south to Argentine Republic and southern Brazil, north to Ecuador and Guiana. Gala- pagos Archipelago: Charles and Chatham islands (Townsend, Baur and Adams). Chatham Island, male adult, April 5, 1888; Charles Island, male adult, April 8, 1888; immature male, April 1, 1891, and immature bird with sex undetermined, date same as the last; all collected by Mr. C. H. Townsend, naturalist of the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross. These specimens I am unable to distinguish from mainland examples, | 582 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, vow. xix. though the adult male from Charles Island has the bill considerably deeper and broader at the base than any mainland specimens with which I have been able to compare it. ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS COCCYZUS, VIEILLOT, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO, OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. (psincoon he = 13 Redondo Rk, 85 ft, QUERVIS I. G OUNCAN DS ALBEMARLE I. Crossman Is, aS PE: ay Brattle Js. CHARLES Blackbeach RM - 9 > 2 1. Coceyzus melanocoryphus, Vieillot. Measurements of the Galapagos specimens are as follows: Measurements of Coceyzus melanocoryphus. Bill | | Ex- > Mid- Num- Collee- ae pe ae | 7s a3) posed) from Tar- bape | ator: Sex andage. | Locality. | Date Wing.| Tat ale anos! Gene = men. tril. 115930 | U.S. |. Adult male ..... Charles Is-| Apr. 8,1888, 4.55 : 35. |.0.95./ 0:43 /1.11 0.72 | land. | 125991 | U.S. | Immature male _|..... donee Apr. 1,1891|. 4.42 |5.20 | .90| .42 |1.05 | .72 | MO59O2 HU. Sil) eae WOU temas tee alco ES aaa doe 4.70 |5. 67 £95 1 - 434113) to 115963 | U.S. | Adult male ...-.. |Chatham Is. Apr. 5,1888| 4.62 5.68 88 | 4.105 71575) | land. WVETAGO I eocs ccs uc ence | 4,57 |5.42+) .92] 243 i1. 08+ | 744+ | No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 583 | Family STRIGID A. Genus *STREX, Linneeus. Strix, LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p.92. Type, by elimination, S. aluco, | Linneeus (10th ed., nec ed. 12). Range.—Cosmopolitan (except colder regions, New Zealand, and parts of Polynesia). Galapagos Archipelago (one peculiar species). ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS STRIX, LINN_EUS, IN THE GALAPAGOS : : ARCHIPELAGO. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. {Spaincoon I. Ga ngaiaece 1, ( eigdende Ak. a Cove INARBOROUGH, at ! \ CHATHAM | Dalrymple Rh ALBEMARLE I. BAR Ran Crossman Is 7 Brattle Is. Bay, CHARLES 51 Blackbeach RA ARDEA HERODIAS, Linnzus. Ardea herodias, LINN BUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 143.—DaARwIN, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 128 (Galapagos Archipelago).—SCLATER and SAL- vin, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 323 (Indefatigable Island).—SaLvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. rx, 1876, p. 497 (Indefatigable Island).—RipGway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 114 (Duncan Island).—Batrp, BREWER and RipGway, Water Birds N. Amer., I, 1884, p, 13.—RipGway, Man. N. Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 129. Range.—Temperate North America, whole of Middle America, and parts of northern South America. Galapagos Archipelago: Duncan Island (Albatross) ; Indefatigable Island (Habel). IT am not fully satisfied of the identity of the Galapagos bird with the true A. herodias, the single specimen examined (Mr. Townsend’s Dun- can Island example) being a young bird. Genus HERODIAS, Boie. Herodias, Bot®, Isis, 1822, p.559. Type, by elimination, Ardea egretta, Gmelin. Range-—Warmer parts of both hemispheres. ?Galapagos Archi- pelago (one species, undetermined, but supposed to be of this genus, and doubtfully identified with a widely distributed American species. No specimens). ? HERODIAS EGRETTA (Gmelin). Ardea egretta, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, Pt. 11,1788, p.629.—RipGway, Man. N. Amer. Birds, 1887. 4 Herodias egretta, BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, p. 666.—BarIrRD, BREWER and RIpG- way, Water Birds N. Amer., I, 1884, p. 23. Range.—Temperate and tropical America in general. ?Galapagos Islands: Albemarle Island (Baur and Adams). Although we have it on Dr. Baur’s authority that a large white heron breeds in the Galapagos, the species is doubtful, and the bird found there may possibly be a white phase of the large gray heron of those islands, provisionally identified as A. herodias, Linneus.' Under date of April 6, 1892, Dr. Baur writes me concerning this bird as follows: On Albemarle I observed a rookery of a white heron (the adults fully white). I only secured a young bird in form of a skeleton. The gray heron (Ardea herodias?) 1 Only immature specimens of which have been examined. ia 602 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWA Y. vou. xix. was also common there. The white heron was as large as, perhaps larger than, the A. herodias. Genus BUTORIDES, Blyth. Butorides, ‘ BLyru, 1849,” BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., II, 18 9, p. 128. Type, Ardea javanica, Horsfield. Range.—Temperate and tropical portions of both hemispheres, but wanting in Europe, the greater part of Africa, New Zealand, ete. Galapagos Archipelago (one peculiar and stron gly marked Species), ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS HERODIAS, BOIE, IN THE ARCHIPELAGO. GALAPAGOS OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. (\ueincoon le KS yunvoe h = | pat CHATHAM 1 alrym, ~~ weron ~ Crossman Is chi 1 Brattle Is CHARLES Blackheath ie Sooo 1, 1. Herodias egretta (Gmelin) ? BUTORIDES PLUMBEUS (Sundevall). Butorides javanicus (nee Ardea javanica, HORSFIELD), SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1370, p. 323 (Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago). Ardea plumbea, SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, pp. 125, 127 (James Island, Galapagos Archipelago). 603 No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. | ‘ Butorides plumbeus, SCLATER and SALVIN, Nom. Ay. Neotr.. 1873, p. 125.—SaALVIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 497 (Indefatigable and James islands) ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, p. 428 (Charles Island).—RimpGway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. | Mus., XII, 1889, pp. 114, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 (Chatham, Indefatigable, James, Abingdon, Dunean, and Hood islands). Ardea sundevalli, REICHENOW, Journ. fiir Orn., July, 1877, p. 253 (Galapagos Islands). ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS BUTORIDES, BLYTH, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. 9/2 SL 9/0 OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. Drvenman 19 { YaBinGOON 1. Ces niee 1 (rower 0 | oRedondo Ak. 85 ft | : — 0 | | Al CUAMES 1. Lo | a RAREOOUGH QuERvIS I. iS i 7 hy 1 1 | Dat cee I. alrymple. ALBEMARLE I. — BARRINGTON |. Pt. Cristophe: Crossman Is. 1 ‘ t Fiat i Bay. Pt. Essex Brattle Is CHARLES Blackbeack Rk? ge ot | 1. Butorides plumbeus (Sundeyall). | Specific characters.—Of much stouter build and darker coloration | than any other American species of the genus, the adult with little if any brown or chestnut in the plumage, which is plain gray (of varying shade) beneath, darker, glossed with green, above; young striped with whitish on a dusky ground beneath the dusky upper parts and neck, varied with rusty. Wing, 6.98-7.50; culmen, 2.05-2.80; depth of bill at base, 0.53-0.60; tarsus, 1.72-2.15; middle toe, 1.65-2.06. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Baur and 604 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY,. vot. xix. Adams); Duncan Island (Albatross); Charles Island (Baur and Adams) Hood Island (Albatross, Baur and Adams); Chatham Island (Jones) Barrington Island (Baur and Adams); Indefatigable Island (Habel) ; James Island (Kinberg, Albatross, Baur and Adams); Abingdon Island (Albatross). Adult male.—No. 116029, U.S.N.M.; James Island, April 11, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Entire pileum, including occipital crest, sooty black, strongly glossed, except on forehead, with dark metallic green; sides of head, including malar region, slate-black, the feathers Slate-gray be- neath the surface; neck uniform slate color, slightly darker posteriorly and lighter (slate-gray) auteriorly, the median line of the neck, as well as of the chin and throat, mainly white, marked with broad wedge- Shaped streaks of slate-black—the median portion of the lower neck tinged with light drab-brown. Lanceolate dorsal and scapular plumes plumbeous-gray, faintly glossed with bronze-green, their shafts grayish white; wing-coverts dark slaty, strongly glossed with dark semimetal- lic green, some of the middle coverts narrowly edged on outer webs with light buff; secondaries similar, but rather less strongly glossed with green; primaries slate color, with a very faint greenish gloss and a decided “chalky” cast in some lights, their shafts glossy black. Tail dark greenish slate, strongly glossed with bronze-green. Under parts uniform deep slate-gray, rather darker anteriorly; edge of wing white. Bill wholly black; bare loral region blackish; legs and feet orange- brown (orange or salmon color in life?). Length (skin), 15.40; wing, 7.07; tail, 2.50; culmen, 2.50; depth of bill through nostrils, 0.55; tar- sus, 2.02; middle toe, 1.73. Adult female.—No. 116030, U.S.N.M.; same locality, ete. Similar to the adult male, but darker; the pileum and occipital crest less strongly glossed with green, the dorsal and Scapular plumes rather less developed and much less glaucous, the sides of the head sooty black, the neck also nearly black, with only traces of white along the median line of the anterior portion, and the under parts dark sooty Slate. Lower edge of mandible light brownish, and bare skin of lores and orbits largely light colored (yellowish or orange in life ?); legs and feet mainly dusky brown. Length (skin), about 16.25; wing, 7.20; tail, 2.60; culmen, 2.64; depth of bill at nostrils, 0.55; tarsus, 2.15; middle toe, 1.90. Young male.—No. 116190, U.S.N.M.; Hood Island, April7, 1888; ©. H. Townsend. Pileum and occipital crest sooty black, the feathers with rusty shaft-streaks, broadest on forehead, obsolete on occipital crest, which has avery faint bronzy gloss; neck and sides of head rusty cinnamon-rufous, broadly streaked with dul] black; chin, throat, and median line of fore neck (broadly) white heavily streaked or dashed with black, the lengthened feathers of the lower fore neck dark brownish gray with a broad median streak or Stripe of white. Back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts uniform deep sooty brown, the feathers ; ; No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. * 605 broad and Founded at ends, not ented and elongated as in adults; wing-coverts dusky grayish brown, broadly margined and spotted with cinnamon-rufous; remiges as in the adult, but primaries marked with 4 sinall terminal triangular spot of white, except on three or four outer- most quills. Under parts deep grayish sooty, striped with buff. Bull black, with lower portion of mandible light brownish; naked loral region dusky, with a light-colored broad stripe along upper edge; legs and feet brownish black, the soles of the latter light brown.' There are very decided differences in the coloration of specimens from the different islands, but without a larger series I am unable to determine the significance or value of these variations. Thus, two adults collected by Dr. William H. Jones, U. S. N., one (No. 101522, U.S.N.M.) on Chatham Island, August 19, 1884, the ance (No. 101327, U.S.N.M., adult male) without known ieee ‘alt probably from ine same island, are decidedly lighter in color than those from James Island (the type locality of B. plumbeus). They have the wing-coverts dis- tinctly margined with light tawny; the general color of the fore neck distinctly brown (light Prout’s brown) instead of slate-gray, and both have a distinct yellowish or light greenish stripe along the lower edge of the mandible. Their measurements are given in the subjoined table. An adult male from Hood Island (No. 116088, U.S.N.M, April 7, 1888; ©. H. Townsend) is most like the James Island specimen, but has scarcely a trace of brown on the lower fore neck, and has neither white nor black markings along the median line of the fore neck, throat, and chin, which is light gray interrupted occasionally by the general black- ish slate color of the neck. An adult male from Abingdon Island (No. 116137, U.S.N.M., April 16, 1888; C. H. Townsend) has the whole front part of the neck very light gray, the upper fore neck and the throat with a few dusky flecks. Possibly these differences are merely individual variations, but a poe aes of several specimens from poe Sli is much to be desired. The fresh Rees ‘of the unfeathered parts in a young fmmaie oWinined i Me. Adams (locality not stated) were as follows: “Legs yellowish green with some of the large plates on front of the tarsus almost as dark as burnt umber and the scales on the upper surface of the toes same color; back of tarsus, heel, and soles of feet yellow; eyelids and lores yellow w ith a tinge of purplish over and beneath the eyes; under part of mandible same greenish yel- low as legs; iris crimson. Total length, 21.50.” (Adams, MS.) 606 © BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. You.xix. Measurements of Butorides plumbeus. | _ sh | =e | : | Num- | Collec- | words ieee a |es I} ag een. | Sex and age. Locality. Date. &p S| == z | 2 A) Bole] Be eal | 101322 iW is. Adnlt! <2 2.2! Chatham Island ... Aug. 19, 1884 | 7.50) 2.60) 2.52) 0.57] 1.95) 1.85 101327 | U.S. | Adult male ...|..... Goes. sees (7) | 7.00] 2.50) 2.55 - 58) 2.10) 1.85 | MUROLO S| elicis eee dot | James Island ..... Apr. 11, 1888 | 7..07| 2.50) 2.50) .57/ 2.02) 1.73 116030 U.S. | Adult female -|..-.. 4 a een eee do. 7. 20) 2. 60) 2.64) .59) 2.13) 1.90 | RSE aude = ><- = GO create all ara hl Ocoee eases Aug, 18, 1891 | 6. 98) 2.28) 2.55) .57) 1 85| 1.76 116088 U.S. | Adult male... food rai eae Apr. 7, 1888 | 7.48) 2.65] 2.80} .59] 2 15] 1.90 116089 U.S. | Adult female.|.-..- O0b SS a eee do. =a2-ce 7,20) 2.58) 2.58) .53! 2 00| 1.87 209 | B.& A.| Adult male...]..... Ome tee oe July 5,1891 | 7.15] 2.40) 2.77) .60| 1 72) 1.95 THGTST SUSE fe 2 dor? ee .254 Abingdon Island -| Apr. 16, 1888 | 7.45) 2.60) 2.60 . 60) 2.00) 1.88 178 | B.& A.| Adult female -| Charles Island....! July 1,1891 | 7. 00 2. 35] 2.65) .60) 1.93) 1.66 226 | B.& A.| Adult male - yardner Island...| July 6,1891 | 7.45 2. 05} 2.45) .59) 2.10) 2.06 269 | BL & Ac... GOmeseen = Barrington Island J uly 9.1891 | 7.00) 2.30] 2.47) .59) 1.73) 1.65 SOG Nl Gee Gow oie 3 doy sans Albemarle Island. July 14,1891 | 7.00) 2.25) 2.65) .59) 1.78) 1.65 | AVeraeOs 323) 22S ose reeee 7.18 a 2.59 a i _ 1.74 | | | 1‘ Upper mandible black, lower whitish; feet slate color.’ (Dr. William H. Jones, U.S. N., MS.) 2‘* Breeding. Feet and legs reddish.’’ (C. H. Townsend, MS.) Genus NYCTANASSA, Stejneger. Nyctherodius, REICHENBACH, Syst. Av., 1852, p. xvi (nee Nycterodius, MACGILLI- VRAY, 1842). Type, Ardea violacea, Linnus. Nyctanassa, STEJNEGER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X, Aug. 3, 1887, p. 295. Same type. Range-—Warmer parts of America. Galapagos Archipelago (the common continental and only known species). NYCTANASSA VIOLACEA (Linnzus). Ardea violacea, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 148. Nycticorax violaceus, GOULD, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 128 (Galapa- gos Archipelago). Ardea violacea, L. (var. ?), SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, pp. 125, 128 (Gala- pagos). Nyctanassa violacea, STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, Aug. 3, 1887, p. 295, footnote. Nycticorax pauper, SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, pp. 323, 327 (Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago).—SaLvin, Trans. Zool, Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 498 (Indefatigable Island).—RipG@way, Proce, U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 114 (Hood and Indefatigable islands). Range.—Warm-temperate North America, east of Rocky Mountains, whole of Middle America, and warmer parts of South America, Gala- pagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Baur and Adams); Hood Island (Albatross, Baur and Adams); Chatham Island (Baur and Adams); In- defatigable Island (Habel). Adult specimens of the Yellow-crowned Night Heron from the Gala- pagos Islands are quite indistinguishable from North American exam- ples, the Nycticorax pauper of Sclater and Salvin having been based on immature birds, in a stage of plumage which oceurs also among con- tinental specimens. Placing together four adults from the Galapagos | i No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 607 with one from Socorro Island, off west coast of Mexico, and three from Lonisiana, I find it impossible to detect any differences of coloration or proportions that are not of a purely individual character. ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS NYCTANASSA, STEJNEGER, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. {Spainsoon ' is ' - gRedondo Rk. 85 ft QUERVIS I. iN K DUNCAN }. & INDEFATIGABLE | ALBEMARLE I Crossman Is. Brattle Is CHARLES Black beach RY 1. Nyclanassa violacea (Linnzeus). 608 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vou.x1x. = oe Measurements of Nyctanassa violacea. Be Dom | | ae | a) N Collec oN “Num- | vollec- | Sex and age. | Locality. Date. ie : ber. tion. | Ss 2 d oR a = a jog ele pee BN Sar ed eS rae Te - TS ONE Sales S i. 4 | cou oo] oO Q HB = | ol Ra 90357 | U.S. Adult male -..) Wasecland, In- | May 3, 1883} 11.25) 4.35) 2.98] .90) 4.00) 2.53 diana. | 90350 | U.S Adult female -|..-.- OOo ce eee Ao gecaac |} 10.90} 4. 15| 2 62} .81) 3 80) 2, 98 101406 | U.S Adult male -..| Bee County, | June 2,1883 | 10.65) 4. 12 9.92] .90, 3.75) 2.42 owa. | | LOSE 2 ees. eset dois 25-2 , Cameron Parish, June —, 1883 (tae 751 4.27) 2.63) .88) 3.95) 2.57 | Louisiana. | | | 108413 U.S. Adult female. .-.-- Cosa os ee | en don-cece 11.50) 4.32) 2.92) .91) 4.10) 2.45 50862 | U.S. Adult male ...| Socorro Island, |..-..-........ 10. 85) 4.22) 2.70) .95) 3.32) 2.50 West Mexico. | IO |) OSIS ES esas GO! .-ceaclae||o sae COi=-seseee ee Mar. 7, 1889 | 10.50) 4.18, 2.45 - 91) 3.22) 2.40 67920 WESs plesase GM SecGasce Talamanca, COs=t secescccces ee 11. 25) 4.28) 2.90! . 85] 3.97] 2.38 ta Rica. PANVOTA Ones | eeeaiemiee acer 11. 08] 4. 24) 2. 76| . 89] 3. 761 2.44 —— — = — — AIGOR? | “WS. ||ienss do. sce | Hood Island, | Apr. 7,1888| 10.70) 4.28, 2.83| .95) 3.70) 2.47 | Galapagos. O20) EB ade pASioce ee G0e. = lee do Sse | July 6,1891) 10.60) 3.85 2.80) .92) 3.60! 2.65 DOT UB eee AL. Jee aa GOneen ose Gardner Island, |----- dG eee 11.15) 3.87) 2.65} .93) 3.70) 2.47 | Galapagos. | BUG | 08% 2 NG Aon Gi (Weeaciade Albemarle Is- | July 14, 1891 | 10.70) 4.00, 2.45) .95) 3.60) 2.50 land, Galapagos. 117 | B.& A.| Juvenile fe- | Chatham Island, | Juno 25,1891 | 10.00) 3.88 2.56 .91! 3.60) 2.40 | male. Galapagos. | 116060 | U.S. Adult female ..| Indefatigable Is- | Apr. 12,1888 | 10.70 4.2u 2.80' .90) 3.50) 2.35 land, Galapagos, | Arverapee li akes ea 10. 64, 4.01 2.68) .93) 3.61) 2.47 | | Family PHO NICOPTERIDE. Genus PH@NICOPTERUS, Linnzus. Phenicopterus, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 139. Type, P. ruber, Linnzeus. Range.—Tropical and subtropical portions of both hemispheres. Gal- apagos Archipelago (one species of the Antillean subregion). PHGENICOPTERUS RUBER, Linnzus. Pheenicopterus ruber, LINN BUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 189.—Sarvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. rx, 1876, p. 498 (Galapagos Archipelago).—RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889 (1890), p. 114 (James and Charles islands).— BairRD, BREWER and RipGway, Water Birds N. Amer., I, 1884, p. 415.— RipGway, Man. N. Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 121. Phenicopterus glyphorhynchus, GRAY, Ibis, 1869, p. 442, pl. x1v, fig. 5 (Galapagos Islands). Range.—Coasts of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico (in part), north to the Bahamas and southern Florida. Galapagos Archipelago: Charles and James islands (Townsend, Baur and Adams); Indefatiga- ble Island (Habel’'). + Seen only. NO. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 609 Having carefully compared a series of twenty adult flamingoes from the Galapagos with a still larger number from the Bahamas, | am unable to appreciate any difference between them except the slightly smaller average size and distinctly paler coloration of the former. Regarding the obvious color differences, however, it should be noted that the Bahama series is a selected lot from a much larger number of ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS PHCENICOPTERUS, LINNAUS, IN THE GALAPA- GOS ARCHIPELAGO. 5 ee) OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. DENMAN Ie (Ypsinsoon i, GE Spnoine 1. (rower: gHedondo Ak. 85 ft JAMES | e QJERVIS I RB. 6 NAY oR H K DUNCAN LS oy |p 1 Ce ' ALBEMARLE | ms lalrymple Rh BARRINGTON | , eG rsropne Crossman Is 1 | ahioates 1 Pt, Essex Brattle Is Bay CHARLES Blackbeach RX <~Sn000 I. : ! z gh 310 1. Phenicopterus ruber (Linneus). exceptionally fine skins, and I feel very doubtful whether, if they were compared with a similar series of Galapagos specimens, any difference could be detected. Certain it is that while the brightest colored adult male from the Galapagos 1s decidedly less intensely colored than the majority of those from the Bahamas, specimens occur among the latter which are quite as pale as any of the Galapagos lot. The brightest colored Galapagos male may be described as follows: No. 125851, U.S.N.M.; Charles Island, Galapagos, July 2,1891; Messrs. Proc. N. M. vol. xix 39 610 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vot. _ Baur and Adams. Head and neck entirely slightly pinkish flame scarlet, the feathers pinkish white at the base; the color is palest on the extreme anterior portion of the head, becoming very gradually brighter on the lower neck, where it is very rich pinkish flame scarlet. Wings rich pinkish flame scarlet, the tertials very slightly paler; sec- ondaries and primaries uniform deep black, including shafts; upper back mixed flame searlet and salmon-pink; scapulars pinkish white, some of the feathers more decidedly pink, and a few feathers of bright flame scarlet mixed in the anterior portion; median line of the back and rump scarlet-pink; tail clear salmon-pink, the outer webs deeper; upper tail-coverts more mixed with pale pink. Under parts pale salmon color, tinged with deeper salmon-pink; post-femoral region carmine-pink; tibie whitish, tinged with salmon-pink. Basal half of maxilla buff (in dried skin), tinged with salmon-pink, especially anteriorly on top; bare skin of lores, etc., buff, without pink tinge, except between rami of mandible; broad basal half of mandible bright scarlet, paler below and at base; terminal portion of bill deep black; legs and feet reddish (apparently deep coral red in life), the claws pusky horn color. Wing, 15.75; tail, 5.37; culmen (chord), 4.60; depth of bill through middle, at gonydeal angle, 1.66; greatest width of bill anterior to bend, 1.09; naked tibia, 7.60; tarsus, 11.75; middle toe, 2.75.! The fresh colors of the bill and other unfeathered parts are as follows, according to Mr. Adams’ MS. notes: Iris naples yellow; eyelids ochraceous-buff; white skin at basal portion of bill tinged with same color as eyelids; small patches of color in nasal region same color as feathers on head; legs pinkish vinaceous, jomts of tarsi and tibiwe lighter than wine purple, the edge of the webs pink; edge of each scale on legs lighter than other portions; under side of toes sulphur yellow. Adult females differ from the males more in size than in color, being decidedly smaller but scarcely less bright. A very young bird may be thus described :-— Downy young.—Grayish white, becoming nearly pure white on fore- head, cheeks, median line of back, whole rump, and median under parts; bill pale brownish, dusky terminally; naked lores dusky; legs and feet brownish black. Bill nearly straight. ‘According to Mr. Adams’ MS. notes, adult males are 3 feet 64 inches to 3 feet 84 inches in total length, adult females measuring 3 feet 34 inches to 3 feet 3 inches, No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Measurements of Pheenicopterus ruber. a. GALAPAGOS SPECIMENS. 611 Be se Num.- | Collec- 1 Thocalit Dat | | as S| & | : eran lction: Sex and age. ocality. ate. is Es | 3 g fla 88s] 4 | 2 ‘2 la) Se Bela 2 | 2 | FIA|OR 6 lala |a4 of | a 116032 | U.S Adult male ...| James Island, | Apr. 12, 1888 16. a5 ay 80)5 5. 03}1. 65/1. 15/8. 80]12. 00/3. 15 | Galapagos. | (a) |B. & A.|.-..- CO ber eee else doees eas. | Aug. 12, 1891 | ‘16. 50 5. 58 4, 71/1. 61/1. 11)8. 00/11. 40°3. 03 (DP =| BS & Ac.) 2 =. dOa-ee=isoe (eerere dow eesaeee |‘semise ndoweee 15. 95 5, 00/4. 90/1. 58/1. 108. 60/12. 05 2. 93 (Cy Bee AS oe. - dOFessecisee||taase COWPE ea selzenee dojesassers 16. 25.5. 074. 80/1. 60/1. 08/8. 35} 12. 00/3, 21 W6139)|) UsSi cs--- dons ce5cke | Charles Tsland, | Apr. 8, 1888 15. 75.5. 73 5. 02/1. 62/1. 05)8. 60/18. 00)... -. | Galapagos. | LG140) U.S: j=... COeeese sai ac CQOMsee=soe! . 10/5. $5 5. 02/1. 65/1. 12 8. 20)12. 30/3. 00 (Aa 6G AG oe - G0iso ene Goer aese . 40.5, 87 4. 70 1. 53)1. 04 8. 00) 12. 00 3. 10 W7Gh i Beée-A| 2. One er el arate doteraccces= 6.155. 615. 02.1. 59/1. 10,9. 00} 12. 05/3. 03 181 | B.&@ A.) Immature |..... Ow peseeae ale: oS 46 1.53) .97.8. 15/11. 95'3. 06 male. | 182 |B. & A.| Adult male ...|....- Glniaepesneae . 2 5. 90 4. Ait 1. 10/8. 20|12. 00/3. 02 NS49 |B. Se tAcs| = Gee sass oe lusecc (il anannadas 5. 75.5, 37 4. 60 1. 66/1. 09/7. 60,11: 75/2. 75 135) Ge Asli. =~ Overseer teare dOwe ase ne 704. 98,4. 67/1. 49 1. 02,7. 20/11. 00 2. 94 | —| —_ |——_ ———— | me Average -|.----.-------- |15, 99 5. 51.4. 801.59 1. 08 8. 22,11. 96.3. 02 116142 | U.S. | Adult female .| Charles Island,| Apr. 8, 1888 |14.755 154. 7. 45 1.00 e. 10 10. 2012. 70 Galapagos. | | | MZ5SD2a\r Wiss || emti- Oisspecson|sooce osesaeee == July 2, 1891 1. 405.85 4, 88/1. 481. 107 7. 00, 10. 40,2. 72 T6141) WisSs |. s-.- (Owe eee ter areiere Orraspeeses Apr 8, 1888 |14. 25/4, 60 4. 42:1. 38) .98)6. 00) 9.50|..... Lili | ROE zAea|/5 ome a Goweserr = s|scse= GOmrneesem July 1,1891 15.505, 274.301. 50/1. 00 6. 70)10. 20 2. 95 WTO |IB. 65,A-.| 55<.- GOeee eel a= Sed Oheeee cee aleeeice dOjeaccee 15. 00:5. 10 4. 48:1. 40 1. 00 7. 45/10. 20 2. 70 180 |B. & A.|.---- GOwesssese leone Of eee ae aces do Socios /14. 905. 55 4. 50 1. 44.1. 00.7. 30/10. 402. 75 1839/1. 662A. a Omer ae ase dOmeeee cee | July 2, 1891 (14. 755. 00 4. 70 1. 461. 07 6. 80/10. 25:2. 86 (Cala |PB: 6c2AS. | Sect Or scoscee James Island, Aug. 12) 1888 | 15. 30/5. 19 4. 61.1. 51/1. 00/7. 00) 10. 50 2. 83 Galapagos. | | | | | (e) BAS AS Ree GOtmesneateleeece CO sica=-< Nerageter= Oyeeees l15. eva 42 4.48 1.4811. 00 6. 90|10. 70 2 2. 82 Average .|-------------- u Ss 18 4. an 46/1. 02 6. 81/10. 26 Ne 79 b. BAHAMAN SPECIMENS. lo = ea ee rl se Num- | Collec- : Ane ‘eo oS és vent jee Sex and age. Locality. Date. 26 B 3 é ~ ier} vr = . ~ sb S 3: Clie aes 4 ; 35 > D oS Pie Onn eee oleae | | 135004 | U.S. | Adult male...| Bahamas ..| Mar. 23, 1893 | 16.506. 005. 35 1. 67/1. 128.30) 14.40, 3. 12 | HS5005n | poURISs eeesidolesseescalse=-- domes. Mar. 12,1892 | 16. 006.305. 151. 57)1. 058. 25] 11.65, 3.00 | 135006 | U.S. ido |eSeese ne aces domea™ Feb. 26, 1893 | 15.75 6.005. 00/1. 63] . 99/8. 85] 12. 50) 3. 20 135000 US ee leeeee dO eee een See domeees Feb. 9, 1893} 17. 10/6. 20/5. 20/1. 62/1. 12.9. 50| 13.75) 3. 42 135009 | U.S! |-2--- Corsa eee: domsen May 26, 1892 | 16. 805.805. 081.75 1. 10.9. 80] 14.30 3.35 | Bare ees Alles aac eects do .....--.|---.-do..... | Mar. 31, —-— | 16, 50). .-.|5. 05|.--.).-..].---] 13.2 3.20 | Baa ee eee cme aaa do........|.----do.....| Mar. 8, — |*16.00]..-.|5. 05)....|....]..-.] 13.25) 3.05 Aer agen | eae sce eeieic 16. 3816. 065. 13/1. 65/1. 08'8. 94] 13. 30) 3.19 135008 | U.S. | Adult female .| Bahamas ..) Feb. 17,1893 | 15. ws. 15/4. 70/1. 43) . 93)7. 75] 11. 00| 2. 70 135010 | U.S. doer seca oe dopeere Mar. 3, 1893 | 15.255. 48/4. 801.47] .92/8.00| 12. 20) 2.95 1500S TUES. lPeeee dOyepee eas beac COmesre Mar. 11, 1893 | 14. 75/5. 25/4. 78.1. 47/1. 60/6. 80] 10.20, 1. 67 1350124 /e UW. Ss ieee: doeseteeee|Seees doles Feb. 18, 1893 | 14, 65,5. 12/4. 581,44 1. 02/7. 50} 10.50, 2. 82 ABS LIA UW S22 ose ed Oe cess see ace AS codec Mar. 10, 1893 | 15. 405. 50/4. 63 1. 40) . 958. 30) 11. 60 2. 80 AR5014s | WeS) |b 2e2: opeee eee: dojenee: May 6,1892| i4. 75/5. 70|4. 50/1. 49/1. 00|6. 25) 9. 00)...--- AG5015) US Se TN aeere does soe Sees dome May 26,1892| 15.105. 40/4. 85)1.50) . 92/7. 60] 10. 80,...... Waleckcrents DP I.|.....do -52252.|s-2-2d0 22...) Mar. 27, 1893)| 15. 00|.---|4..60).-..|..--]..-.] 11. 60} 2.80 Beet DPS Ta eeerdo este: eneedonesee| Mars 63,01603 (1440/0 5.14, 90|2 = -|e =e = .\plilo|p2.uo AC eras On| pense e eee 14. 9215. 5714.70 1.46 . 96/7. 46| 10.96, 2.64. ge Paes | ees 612 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vow. x1x- Family ANATID. Genus PCECILONETTA, Eyton. Pecilonetta, EYTON, Monog. Anat., 1838, p.16. Type, Anas bahamensis, Linnzus. Range.—South America in general, and north through the West Indies tothe Bahamas. Galapagos Archipelago (one peculiar species). ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS PCCILONETTA, EYTON, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. CXaeinsoon Ny cE sieie 1S eFedondo Rk, 85 7t, oN. 1 ouervist, A = ; CHATHAM | DalrympleRh ALBEMARLE | , 1 sar INGTON. Crossman Is huoateed I 3Brattle Is 1 CHARLES Black beach Rie 1. Pecilonetta galapagensis, Ridgway. PCECILONETTA GALAPAGENSIS, Ridgway. Pecilonetta bahamensis (nee Anas bahamensis LINN ®US), GOULD, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 185 (Galapagos Archipelago). Anas bahamensis (nec LINN.EUS), SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 126 (Gala- pagos Islands). Dajila bahamensis, SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 323 (Indefati- gable Island).—SALvIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 499 (Inde- fatigable Island); Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, p. 428 (Charles Island). Pecilonetta galapagensis, RipGWAyY, Proc, U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIT, No. 767, Feb. 5, 1890, p. 115 (Charles Island, Galapagos Archipelago; collection U, 8, Nat. Mus.). , No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 613 Specific characters.—Similar to P. bahamensis (Linneus), but white on sides of head thickly speckled with brown (instead of being quite immaculate) and top of head grayer brown. Range—Galapagos Archipelago: No locality (Darwin, Kinberg); South Albemarle Island (Baur and Adams); Dunean Island (Baur and Adams); Charles Island (Markham, Townsend, Baur and Adams); Hood Island (Habel,! Baur and Adams) ; Chatham Island (Baur and Adams) ; Barrington Island (Baur and Adams); Indefatigable Island (Habel, Albatross, Baur and Adams); Jervis Island (Baur and Adams); Tower Island (Baur and Adams). Adult male.—Type, No.115931; U.S.N.M.; Charles Island, Galapagos, April 8, 1888; U.S.S. Albatross. Pileum, sides of head down to below the eyes, and hind neck, pale sepia brown or hair brown, speckled with dusky, these markings larger on pileum; back and anterior scapulars dusky grayish brown, the feathers with paler grayish brown margins; lower back and rump plain dusky grayish brown; posterior scapulars dusky grayish brown, margined with dull buffy; wing-coverts plain brownish slate, the greater sharply tipped with deep cinnamon-buff; secondaries metallic green, washed with copper-bronze, crossed about midway of the exposed portion by a narrow band (about 0.12-0.15 wide) of velvety black, the succeeding portion deep cinnamon-butf; tertials broadly edged with paler cinnamon-buff; primaries dusky brownish slate. Upper tail-coverts and tail pale pinkish buff (middle tail-feathers nearly white), the concealed portions of the feathers more grayish. Chin, throat, and fore neck immaculate white, this separated from the brown of sides of head and neck by a speckled space about 0.40 of an inch wide; rest of under parts pale brown (intermediate between fawn color and isabella color), thickly spotted with dusky, the flanks pale fawn color, with larger spots, and the under tail-coverts plain pale fawn color, the longer ones with dusky mesial streaks; axillars white, the terminal portion, mesially, mottled with dusky; under wing-coverts plain brownish slate, the last row white. Bill blackish, with a large space on lower basal portion of maxilla reddish; legs and feet dusky brownish. Length (skin), 16.75; wing, 8.10; tail, 3.70; culmen, 1.78; greatest width of bill, 0.72; tarsus, 1.48; middle toe, 1.62. Adult female.—No. 116143, U.S.N.M.; same locality, ete. Similar to the male, but smaller, lower fore neck speckled with dusky brown, tail- coverts spotted with dusky, and reddish space at lower base of maxilla much smaller. Length (skin), 16; wing (quills molting); tail, 3.15; eul- men, 1.60; greatest width of bill, 0.65; tarsus, 1.42; middle toe, 1.55. Specimens of P. bahamensis with which the above examples have been compared, and from all of which they differ in the characters mentioned in the diagnosis, are from the West Indies (Bahamas, 1; Guadeloupe, 5; Barbuda, 1); Buenos Ayres, 1, and Chile, 2. The collection of Messrs. Baur and Adams contains 15 additional 1 Not collected. 614 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vot.xix. specimens (15 from Chatham, 2 from Albemarle). These show that the characters upon which P. galapagensis was separated from P. bahamensis are quite constant, every specimen, females as well as males and young as well as adults, showing the distinct speckling of the sides of the head. ‘Light-colored triangular space on sides of upper mandible at base madder brown tinged with vermilion.” (Adams, MS.) Genus QUERQUEDULA, Stephens. Querquedula, STEPHENS, Gen. Zool., XII, Pt. u, 1824, p. 142. Type, Anas quer- quedula, Linnzeus. Range.—Nearly cosmopolitan. Galapagos Archipelago (one species, said to be identical with a species of the more southern parts of South America). QUERQUEDULA VERSICOLOR (Vieillot). Anas versicolor, VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., V, 1816, p. 109 Querquedula versicolor, CASSIN, Gilliss’s Exped., II, 1856, p. 203.—Satvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 499 (Galapagos, fide Sundevall),—ScLaTER and SALyIn, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 388 (description and synonymy). Anas maculirostris, LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Doubl. 1823, p. 84.—SuUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 126 (Galapagos Islands). Range.—Southern South America, north to Argentine Republic and Chile. Galapagos Archipelago (no locality, Kinberg). Family COLUMBID%, Genus NESOPELIA, Sundevall. Nesopelia, SUNDEVALL, Meth. Nat. Av. Disp., 1872, p. 99. Type, Zenaida galapa- goensis, Gould. Generic characters.—Similar to Zenaida, Bonaparte,! but tail propor- tionally shorter and less graduated, composed of 12 instead of 14 rectrices; bill longer and stouter, with arched terminal portion of maxilla half as long as middle toe (without claw) instead of much less; legs and feet larger and stouter. Range.—Peculiar to the Galapagos Archipelago. NESOPELIA GALAPAGOENSIS (Gould). Colombi-Galline des Gallapagos, NEBOUX, Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 290 (Charles Island, Galapagos Archipelago). Zenaida galapagoensis, GOULD, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 115, pl. XLVI (Galapagos Archipelago).—SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1870, p. 323 (Indefatigable and Bindloe islands.—SALvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1X, 1876, p. 499 (Charles, Indefatigable, Bindloe, and James islands).— RipGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 116 (Indetatigable, Duncan, James, and Hood islands). ‘Zenaida, Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 41. Type, Columba zenaida, Bonaparte, no. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIONAL MUSEUM. 615 Columba (Zenaida) galapagensis, SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 125 (James Island). Nesopelia gallapagensis, SUNDEVALL, Meth. Nat. Av., 1872, p. 99. Nesopelia galapagoensis, SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X XI, 1893, p. 391 (Inde- fatigable and Bindloe islands). ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS NESOPELIA, SUNDEVALL. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. DWENMAN Ip (Qaeinsoon L ayes L Grower ghedondo Rk, 85 fs 1 JAMES |. Lo ay QUERVIS |, aw INARBOROUGH, 1 DUNCAN DS = | Dat CN ! le AX, | ALBEMARLE I. iiktacs latrymp Pt ee Csosanen Ta SARHINGTON | shi. 1 Pe, Essex, SBrattle Is, 1 CHARLES Blackbeach Rk 1. Nesopelia galapagoensis (Gould). Specific characters.—W ing-coverts conspicuously spotted with black | and streaked with white, the outermost middle and greater coverts with their outer webs almost wholly white; a light-colored longitudinal auricular band, margined above and below by adusky streak; tail with a black subterminal band, extending entirely across all the feathers, except sometimes the middle pair; under tail-coverts and tip of tail eray or brownish gray. Wing, 4.72-5.45; culmen, 0.55-0.74; tarsus, 0.82-1.03. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago : Albemarle Island (Habel) ;’ Duncan Island (Aibatross) ; Charles Island (Néboux, Jones); Hood Island (Uabel,! 1 Not collected. 616 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY,. vou. xx. Aibatross); Chatham Island (Jones, Baur and Adams); Indefatigable Island (Darwin ?, Habel, Albatross); James Island (Kinberg, Albatross, Baur and Adams); Tower Island (Baur and Adams); Bindloe Island (Habel). Adult male.—No. 116020, U.S.N.M.; James Island, Galapagos, April 11, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Top of head dull chocolate brown, hghter on forehead, much duller on crown, the color changing gradually on oeciput and hind neck to warm sepia brown; back brighter brown, the lower portion with large roundish spots of dull blackish; lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts and median tail-feathers plain olive brown, the last with an indication of a subterminal dusky band; wing-coverts mainly light brown (intermediate between broccoli and wood brown), thickly marked with large roundish and oblong spots of black (crowded into a large patch on the greater coverts) and interspersed with streaks of white (bordering upper and posterior margins of the black spots), the outermost middle and greater coverts with their outer webs chiefly white, forming an elongated patch of this color; tertials more rusty brown, with a large, posteriorly rounded, patch of black on each web; secondaries dusky, very narrowly edged with pale grayish brown and rather broadly tipped with the same; innermost primaries colored like secondaries, but longer quills (except outermost) narrowly edged with white; outer webs of rectrices, except lateral one, chiefly olive brown, both webs of the outermost and inner webs of the others, except middle pair, deep gray, all, except middle pair, crossed by a broad band of black, the broad gray terminal band rather lighter than the basal portion. A broad longitudinal patch of brownish whitish on auricular region (commencing beneath eyes), margined above and below by a streak of black;! sides of neck richly glossed with bright metallic solferino purple, changing to golden bronze; chin dull light vinaceous- cinnamon, deeper on throat, and gradually passing into vinaceous-choco- late on fore neck and chest, the breast rather lighter and slightly more cinhamomeous; belly pale fawn color, passing into pale pinkish buff on anal region; sides and flanks plain gray (No. 7), the under wing-coverts and axillars similar but rather deeper (No. 6 gray); under tail-coverts mouse gray, tinged with light brown at tips, the inner webs of the longest feathers with a concealed longitudinal space of dusky. Bill black; legs and feet (in dried skin) deep brownish yellow.? Length (skin), 8.90; wing, 5.40; tail, 3; culmen, 0.64; tarsus, 1; middle toe, 0.90. 'The head of the specimen described is in rather bad condition, and does not show distinctly the exact character of the markings. In examples not thus defective, the uppermost black streak passes underneath the bare orbital space to the anterior angle of the same, where it meets another but narrower black line which borders the upper margin of the bare orbital space for its whole length, running into the auricular stripe at the posterior angle of the orbital space. ‘“ Bare skin round eye cobalt blue, tending toward purplish; feet and legs a little darker than coral red.” (Adams, MS.) Iris dark brown (Habel). No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 617 Adult female.—No. 116021, U.S.N.M.; samedata. Similar to the adult male, as described, but smaller and rather duller colored; the metallic gloss on sides of neck less brilliant and much restricted; the black spots on wing-coverts rather more crowded; top of head less pur- plish brown, and under parts more cinnamomeous, especially on belly. Length (skin), 7.80; wing, 4.90; tail, 2.92; culmen, 0.60; tarsus, 0.88; middle toe, 0.54. Young.—No. 52410, U.S.N.M.; James Island, Galapagos; received from Professor Sundevall. Much duller in color than adults, with markings and colors far less strongly contrasted; spots on wing-coverts and scapulars dark sooty brown, intermixed with smaller spots of light cinnamon; prevailing color of under parts deep wood brown, darker on chest, where the feathers have paler terminal margins; the head and neck duller brown, indistinctly spotted above, especially on occiput, with dull cinnamon, the sides of the neck without trace of metallic gloss; remiges conspicuously margined with light rusty, and general color of rectrices deep broccoli brown or drab instead of gray. There are some slight variations in plumage noticeable between specimens from different islands, which may or may not be of local sig- nificance, the series of specimens being too small to determine the ques- tion. Examples from Chatham Island are, as may be seen from the subjoined measurements, decidedly smaller than those from other locali- ties, but having only one skin for examination, and that a very poor one (those belonging to Dr. Baur having been returned to him), I am unable to state whether there are any other differences. Measurements of Nesopelia galapagoensis. Ex- = - | = = | Mad: ae Collec: | Sex and age. | Locality. Date. Wing.) Vail. aes ae dle men. woe: 116020 | U.S. | Adult male .-| James Island..-.) Apr. 11,1888) 5.40 3.00 | 0.64 1.00 |0.90 115899 | U.S. | aes dome sce Dunean Island. | Apr. 13,1888 | 5. 10° 3.02 | .70] .92 : 87 125993 Weiss [eee Gh Sdaoasellsaaee G0. 2eeseec. Apr. 2,1891! 5.32 | 3.13 .68 | 1.00! .90 s as IAW CLA GO iaaioaineiei-lsseiee = 5.21 | 3.07 | .69] .96.) .88 | | | = — _ 116054 U.S. |.....do......-| IndefatigableIs- | Apr. 12,1888} 5.2 2. 90 TA aL OONl Pass | land. 125994 | U.S. |..--.- do}e ase | ase One bassesee Apres (251891) 25.20) 1)22)950 | eee |} .90 | .'85 452) Ba i6e -ALS | ayer O! oe serie laeree Osseo ee ee: Aug. 7,1891| 4.82 | 2.50 chet LO Oo ADSig| PB cnGGeAs [eee Oy see | hae GOs ae eee owe aes Sel POAZOM 68h | ds Oln 92 Average Z| Bera) arateysesteiers | 5.08 | 2.76 | .71 .98 | .90 101318 | U.S. | Adult male ?.| Chatham Island.| Aug.19,1884| 4.90 2.62) .65 | .93 | .88 102 |B. & A.| Adult male..|..... do.....-.-.--| June 22,1891 | 4.85 | 2.40 70] =91 1288 TOD Be reerAG | eae dot ez2eee asses OOsssssenee ee levees do ...--.| 4.80 | 2.25 70 . 82 91 126 |B. & A.| Adult male? -|.....do.......--.-- June 25,1891; 4.90 | 2.45 72} .90] .90 a |B. & A.| Adult male ..|..... dos s222252 3: | June 13,1891 | 4.85 | 2.20) .70 | 1.00 | .92 TAY CLAS Clas sacietas eee =e | 4.86 | 2.40 GO} 3s 90 | a — ———— DHGOST |e Weis aleesee dora--4-5- | Hood Island..-.. Apr. 7,1888| 5.22 | 3.00 68 | .95| .87 160825) UES oi eter a= Coleeee ea sleeess CO aa esses aleeoes GOW oeasae | 5.45 | 3.12 72 | .98 | .90 TASSIGN WSs aieeeee Ones eelee aie do meee soe Ede re G0 Saree 5.40 | 3.15 70 | 1.03 | .88 149820 | Wah esse dese se: em oe Ws deen sesse [scare GUpachee 5.35 | 8.02 | .70] .95 | .90 Average BA a ra aes eso 5.35 | 3.07 70 97 | .89 jE ee eae I sneae e | / i | | i eee 618 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vot. xx. Measurements of Nesopelia galapagoensis—Continued. | Ex- } tlie al nan. | Mid- Num- Colle © | Sex and age. Locality. Date. Wing. Tail. posed Tar- dle ber. tion. | - . | ; cul- | sus. ron | , men. ‘ 116021 | U.S. | Adultfemale.| James Island. ...| Apr. 11,1888} 4.90 | 2.92} .60/| .88| .84 116022 U.S. \ees-- Goel Sel ce Geant eee fosee dO; 55-5 4.85 | 2.85] .61| .86| .79 TVGH2S 71) TUS: ss --3 MO 242-225 Aeo a8 GO .c 226 ate dose. 4.87 | 2.68} .65] .88] .80)} AV6022 1 Us Ss. je ---- G0ieeeee eee Ghar s seem one Olea. esate | eestor | .G0| .93]| .80 Average ..| See eee 4.85 | 2.81 A615) aeoniaat 115898 | U.S. | Adultfemale?) Duncan Island..| Apr. 13,1888) 4.73 | 2.70, .59| .88| .76 | 116056 | U.S. | Adultfemale.| Indefatigable fs-| Apr. 12,1888) 4. 85) 2.70 .63 | .90 | .80 | land. | | | 116057 Sasso Oe eel 0a ae base doe | 4.73 |-2..63} .55 904s 8Gal Average -.|...-- Se2ssaaae | 4.79 | 2. 66 .59 -90 | .80 | | 116083 Baa Hood Island.....| Apr. 7,1888| 4.90|2.70| .65| .91| .80 116084 | U.S. |---.-d : oxen poses doraoe 4°88 1 2:72)| 168 | 292 eal 149822 oles cae {en ies ote | 4.72] 2.68] .63| .85|.79 | Average 4 vided SAB | 4.83/2.70/ .65|) .89| a Family RALLID. Genus PORZANA, Vieillot. Porzana, VIEILLOT, Analyse, 1816, p. 61. Type, Rallus porzana, Linnus. Range.—Cosmopolitan. Galapagos Archipelago (two peculiar spe- cies). PORZANA SPILONOTA (Gould). Zapornia spilonota, GOULD, Zool. Voy. Beagle, II], Birds, 1841, p. 132, pl. xLrx (‘Galapagos Archipelago”'). Ortygometra spilonota, Gray, List Grallw Brit. Mus., 1844, p. 119. Porzana spilonota, SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 456; 1870, p. 323 (Indefatigable Island).—SaLvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 900 (James and Indefatigable islands). Creciscus spilonotus, SHARPE, Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, p. 137 (James and Indefatigable islands). Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Indefatigable Island (Habel); James Island (Darwin, fide Salvin). Specific characters.—“ Adult male: Uniform chocolate brown, inelud- ing the wings; lower back, rump, and tail blacker; quills dusky brown, externally chocolate like the back; head all round and under surface of the body dark slaty gray, the lores and sides of face blackish; sides of body and flanks chocolate brown; under tail-coverts blackish with white bars; ‘bill black, the lower mandible blackish brown; feet olive- brown; iris red’ (A. Habel). Total length, 4.5 inches; culmen, 0.7; wing, 2.75; tail, 0.9; tarsus, 0.8; middle toe and claw, 1.1. “The male described is from Indefatigable Island, and three other specimens from the same island in the ‘Salvin-Godman collection have ‘The type specimen has apparently been lost. ms No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 619 tiny white spots on the wing-coverts and inner secondaries, and have the lower abdomen almost pure white. This peculiar character is not easily explained as a sign of age or sex, but it is probable that the white spots disappear with age, as they vary in number in all the speci- mens in the Museum. The type specimen seems not to have been transferred with the rest of the Zoological Society’s Collection.” (Sharpe. ) ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS PORZANA, VIEILLOT, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHI- PELAGO. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. {Spaincoon ih Css ueine 1, (rower: gRedondo Rk. 85 ft. 0 AS i les ‘ : INARBOROUGH, t QUERVIS I, aw ALBEMARLE I. DUNCAN | CAN SS WOEFATIGABLE | CHATHAM | Datr. pelle % aS INGTO Crossman Is. Pe. Essex Brattle Is, CHARLES Blackbeach RX* 9l2 91 1. Porzana spilonota (Gould). 2. Porzana galapagoensis, Sharpe. (‘Galapagos.”’) PORZANA GALAPAGOENSIS, Sharpe. Porzana spilonota (nec Ortygometra spilonota, GOULD), SALVIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 500 (part). Porzana galapagoensis, SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, p. 113 (Gal- apagos; British Museum). Specific characters.—*Adult male: Similar to 0. [ Porzana| tabuensis, but distinguished by the absence of the white edge to the first primary 620 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vou. xrx. and also by the shorter wings and tail. Total length, 5.5 inches; eul- men, 1.6; wing, 2.9; tail, 1; tarsus, 1; middle toe and claw, 1.2. “ Habitat—Galapagos Archipelago; exact island not indicated.” I have not seen a specimen of this species, which Mr. Sharpe places in a different genus from P. spilonota. P. tabuensis (Rallus tabuensis, Gmelin),! with which Mr. Sharpe compares it, is described as being plain ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS GALLINULA, KLRISSON, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO, 9 [Oa eee ee OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. (usinsoon le & Pee if (Tower, Redondo Rk. 85 ft. QUERVIS I. INARBOR OUGH, ' q DUNCAN ILS INDEFATIGABLE | 1 ~ Crossman Is, CHATHAM | E&Y | Dalr. se | BARRINGTON |. nah i Bay Brattle Is, CHARLES $1. Blackbeach Re <—Su000 1. 9/2 9 9/0 1. Gallinula galeata (Lichtenstein) ? chocolate brown above, darkening into blackish on upper tail-coverts and tail, the sides of head and under parts slate-gray, paler on throat, the under tail-coverts black, with white bars; bill black, feet reddish. It inhabits Polynesia, New Zealand, the Philippines, ete. Genus GALLINULA, Brisson. Gallinula, Brisson, Orn., VI., 1760, p.2. Type, Fulica chloropus, Linneus. Range.—Nearly cosmopolitan. Galapagos Archipelago (one species, apparently identical with the common continental one). ~ s cs _ \ Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 717- NO, 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 621 GALLINULA GALEATA ( Lichtenstein). Crex galeata, LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 80. Gallinula galeata, BONAPARTE, Amer. Orn., IV, 1832. p. 128.—BatrD, BREWER, and RipGway, Water Birds N. Amer., I, 1884, 388.—-RIDGWAY, Man. N. Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 141. Range.—W hole of tropical and most of temperate portions of Amer- ica. Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Baur and Adams). There are three adult specimens of what I refer provisionally to this species in Dr. Baur’s collection from Albemarle. These differ from continental examples of true G. galeata in narrower frontal shield and in the lighter hue of their coloration, with apparently less extent of olive on the upper parts and more white on the abdomen as well as along the edge of the wing. Measurements are as follows: Measurements of Galkinula galeata. Cul- | ie | mens Bill ee poe Sex and age. Date. Wing. | Tail. melud:| from |Tarsus. adie si frontal nostril. | , | | shield. | 309 | Adult female -___- ce foeea July 15, 1891 6. 36 2. 60 1.65 O:57)|) Te94 2.48 BLO} eAdulltimale=s --2sccgeese |e. e do! ee ce 6.70 2.77 1.75 . 62 2.03 | 2.35 | BOSU ee Ox esas eee tec e ee July 30, 1891 6.36 | 2.66 | 1.70 55 2.18 2.45 | E | Mv eraper sein te ster ee 6.47 | 2.68 | 170/58 | 2.05 | 2,43 | | | | ‘Frontal plate orange-vermilion; tip of beak citron yellow; base of beak poppy red; ring on tibia just below feathers same as frontal plate; legs and feet oil green.” (Adams, MS.) Family HAAMATOPODIDA. Genus HAXAMATOPUS, Linnzus. Hematopus, LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, 1758, p. 152. Type, H. ostralegus, Linneeus. Range.—Seacoasts of both hemispheres. Galapagos Archipelago (one species, very closely related to, perhaps identical with, a Lower California species). - HAZMATOPUS GALAPAGENSIS, Ridgway. ? Hematopus palliatus (nec TEMMINCK), SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soe., 1870, p. 323 (Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Archipelago).—SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 125 (Galapagos).—SaLvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 502 (Indefatigable Island). Heamatopus galapagensis, RipGway, Auk, III, July, 1886, p. 331 (Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago; U. S. Nat. Mus.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IX, 1886, p. 825 (Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago; full description); XII, 1889, pp. 116, 120, 123, 128 (James, Chatham, and Indefatigable islands). Hematopus leucopus galapagensis, S8EBOHM, Geog. Distr. Charadr., 1887, pp. XXil, 307. 622 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vot. Xx. Specific characters.—Somewhat similar to H. palliatus, Temminek, but differing as follows: Back, scapulars, and wings sooty black, instead of grayish brown; shorter upper tail-coverts entirely black, the longer ones white, varied toward tips with blackish (the median coverts barred or transversely spotted); under primary-coverts chiefly black; white of the wing much more restricted. Wing, 9,50-10.05; tail, 3.50- 4.06; culmen, 3.10-3.80; depth of bill at thickest portion in front of nostril, 0.47-0.53; tarsus, 2.07-2.20; middle toe, 1.61-1.89. ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS H/MATOPUS, LINNAEUS, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. g\2 31 310 OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. (peincoon 1 BINDLOE I. (Tower | 1 QUERVIS I. a Dal cig oe ' airy, ~ BARRINGTO! ee x Crossman Is. oh 1 Brattle Is. f CHARLES Blackbeach Rit : an 1. Hematopus galapagensis, Ridgway. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Baurand Adams); Hood Island (Baur and Adams); Chatham Island (Jones) ;Indefatigable Island (Habel, Albatross); James Island (Albatross); Bindloe Island (Baur and Adams). Adult male.—No. 125997, U.S.N.M.; Indefatigable Island, Galapagos, April 2, 1891; C. H. Townsend. Head, neck, and upper part of chest uniform glossy slate-black; rest of upper parts dark sooty brown; wing No. 1116, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 623 with an elongated white patch, occupying the greater part of the inner- most secondaries (not tertials), and more or less of the basal or sub- basal portion of the outermost, the greater wing-coverts also margined terminally with white; upper tail-coverts white, mottled at tips with dusky, the longer coverts with half an inch or more of their terminal portion sooty black; tail similar in color to the back, but extensively white at base, this occupying about the basal half of the exterior feather. Lower part of chest irregularly clouded or blotched with dusky or white, this mottled space about 1 inch across in middle portion; rest of under parts, including under tail-coverts, immaculate white; under wing-coverts white, with considerable spotting of slate-black along the margin and a large patch of dark brownish slate on the carpo-metacarpal region; inner webs of primaries entirely uniform brownish slate. Bill (in dried skin) reddish; legs and feet (in dried skin) light brownish orange.’ Length (skin), 16; wing, 10; tail, 3.80; culmen, 3.35; depth of bill at nostril, 0.40; greatest depth of bill, 0.50; tarsus, 2.12; middle toe, 1.61. Immature.—No. 101320, U.S.N.M.; Chatham Island, August 16, 1884; Dr. William H. Jones, U.S. N. Essentially identical with the adult, as described, in plumage, but bill mainly dusky brown, and legs and feet much duller in color. “Bill red, nearly black toward tip; iris golden yellow; lids reddish; feet slate or grayish.” (Jones, MS.) Length (before skinning), 18.25; extent of wings, 33; wing, 10; tail, 3.80; culmen, 3.12; depth of bill at nostrils, 0.43; greatest depth of bill, 0.50; tarsus, 2.20; middle toe, 1.65. This species is very distinct from every other, except H. frazari, Brewster,” from Lower California, which is so closely related that even- tually, when a larger series has been compared, it may prove to be not separable. Apart from this relationship, H. galapagensis is allied both to H. palliatus and H. leucopus, but more closely to the former, as the following synoptical table, which gives the chief diagnostic characters of all the known American white-bellied Hamatopi, will show: 1The fresh colors of the unfeathered parts in two adults obtained by Dr. William H. Jones, U.S. N., on Chatham Island, August 16, 1884, as noted by him, were as follows: No. 101319, U.S.N.M. (collector’s No. 64), adult, type of the species: Bill red; iris golden yellow; eyelids red; feet pale flesh color. Length (before skinning), 18 inches; extent, 32. No. 101321, U.S.N.M (collector’s No. 63), adult: Bill dark red; iris bright golden yellow; eyelids bright red; feet pale flesh color. Length, 174; extent, 324. Mr. C. F. Adains’s notes on specimens collected by himself and Dr. Baur, on Hood and Albemarle islands, July 5-30, 1891, are as follows: Adult male: ‘Basal half of bill vermilion, other portion nearly as dark as maroon; legs and feet lighter than bufi-pink.” Adult female: ‘Eyelids red; legs lighter than cream-buff; base of bill Chinese orange, anterior part bay.” ?Hematopus frazari, Brewster, The Auk, V, January, 1888, p. 85 (Carmen Island, Gulf of California; collection of William Brewster). 4 624 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vow.xtx. 4) SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN WHITE-BELLIED H:EMATOPI. a’, Rump and lower back white. (Palearctic region, accidental in Green- hand ) same esas ee Sotelo wsie =e oe ee ee 1. H. ostralegus, Linneus. a. Rump and lower back dusky. b'!. Breast white, like belly, ete. c'. Mantle grayish brown or brownish slate; upper tail-coverts wholly white in adult and under primary coverts almost wholly white; lower chest not mottled or spotted with black. (Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to Brazil, and Pacific coast from western Mexico to | Chill); 2222. 55 tees See ee Soran es oe eee ap alae ee mance | ce. Mantle dark sooty brown or brownish black; shorter upper tail-coverts | entirely blackish and longer ones varied with black at ends; under | primary coverts chiefly dusky; lower chest mottled or spotted with | dusky. | d‘, Under tail-coverts wholly white; more black on under wing-coverts; tail, 3.50-4.06 (average, 3.80); culmen, 3.10-3.80 (3.32); tarsus, 2.07- | 2.20 (2.15); middle toe 1.59-1.89 (1.70). (Galapagos Archipelago.) | 3. H. galapagensis, Ridgway. d?, Lateral under tail-coverts spotted or irregularly barred with dusky; less black on under wing-coverts; tail, 3.90-4.25 (average, 4.05); culmen, 2.70-3.05 (2.93); tarsus, 2.18-2.30 (2.24); middle toe, 1.40- 1.55 (1.47). (Lower California, both coasts.) 4. H. frazari, Brewster. b?. Breast wholly black, like head and neck. (Southern extremity of South AMOrICA) s222)35 22. Soc eset scree omae 5, H. leucopodus, Garnot. An examination of eight additional specimens of the Galapagos oyster-catcher reduces the alleged color differences between that bird and the Lower Californian form described as H. frazari by Mr. Brewster to two, namely, the smaller amount of dark color on the under surface of the wing and the partially spotted or barred under tail-coverts of the latter. Mr. Brewster says that H. frazari is, in part, distinguished by its “distinetly brown (instead of sooty black) back, scapulars, and wing-coverts;” but some of the more recently obtained specimens of H. galapagensis, having a mixture of old and new feathers in the plum- age, Show that this character cannot be depended on, the old feathers having exactly the brown color of the mantle in H. frazari. In the coloration of the upper breast, where the black of the upper chest joins the white beneath it, there is no difference between the two supposed forms, the “broad zone of mottled black and white feathers” being just as well developed in H. galapagensis as in H. frazari. It is evidently yet too soon to say whether the birds from the two distant regions are really different or not, a larger number of specimens, particularly of the Lower Californian bird, being necessary to decide the question. When, however, we consider the very slight characters on which the separation of H. frazari now rests, and also the fact that Sula nebouxrii, S. brewsteri, and Pelecanus californicus are found both in the Galapagos and Lower California, it would be not at all surprising should the oyster-catchers of the two distant localities also prove to be identical. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 625 Measurements of Hamatopus galapagensis. oe : acl | | ge | See | | [artnet g Num- | Collec- | « rie ey «le Bee 3 par: ee Sex and age. Locality. Date. g |ea Ee ules IE \eld(a 6 la] S 101319 | U.S Adulltiascns- el | Chatham Isiand.. Aug. 16, 1884 | 9. 70|3. 90,3. 42) .49 .522.20) 1.72 | 101320 | U.S mmaturems-c|ee--- (Oceeeosecsrsa|laecae dOssee's== 10. 00/3. 80/3. 12) .43 .50.2.20) 1.65 101321 | US PA duiltgeeseree eee GOS sacecncsaes seas OO ssc 2 oe lee 4.00'3. 15] .48 .51'2.19] 1.68 116025 | U.S Adult male...) James Island..--- Apr. 11, 1888 | 9. 75/3. 85/3 23) .45 .51)\2.20) 1.59 125997 Gas Orseee | Indetatigable Is- | Apr. 2, 1891 10. 00)3. 803.35 1. 61 i land: 911 |B.& A. | Adult female -| Hood Island...--- July 5, 1891 10. 05/3. 503. 72 Done ee wAce | sean dOeeeten snes. does eS July 6, 1891 |10. 06/4. 06)3 1. 68 | DUAR Bree A. ins C0) feee-ss- leveiciese omtaeet- Sanaa July 7, 1891 (10. 00/3 3.8 1.72 | 300 |B & A | Adult male. | Albemarle Island.| July 14,1891 | 9.50)3.85 3.18 .50 .49 2.10 1 63 378 |B & A.| Adult female -|..... (iWeeaneedousee July 24,1891 | 9. 50)3. 80/3. 80! .47 .51/2. 10) 1. 89 396 | B.& A. | Adult male...|..-..- doereseree reac July 30, 1891 | 9. 90)3. 553.10) . 44 - 47/2. 08) 1. 64 Av eranOlec cule seatcedesees 9. 84]3. 803.32). 47 51/2. 15) 1.70, 1 Measurements of Hamatopus frazari, Brewster. | | a7 | | gE | | | lo | By | | | lias S| S Num-— Jollee- | Sex andage. | Locality. Date. | : ss <5 = ber. tion. ate em : re Baro lo eall| wea iato | Sil ay (he ee SS ae | | |e | ilo ee lie oc | eH |e ces Eta: 82447 U.S. | Immaturemale) Coronados Islands, May 17,1881 9.504. 00/2. 70) . 45) 522,20 1.55 | Lower California : | W.B. | Adult male.. | La Paz, Lower| Mar. 7, 1887) 9.904. 25)/3.00) .45) .502.30 1.40 | California!..... le teal | WRB Se |rseice Move scene Nate (ahee GOnere te esos |beteare aysva syeoreh= ee 9) 703. 90|2: 99) c= cel) AQ Qed Bree eeiete | Webs loo: doe ee donee [eee ieee ees 10.27 af --| .53|2.30--..--| | | | Solel SIGE CEE | A Verabeos. 2: oes see los -c ue 9. 85 4. 052 | .51/2.24 1.47 | 'This specimen of Mr Brewster's I have examined and the measurements given are mine. The measurements of the two following are quoted from Mr. Brewster's article in The Auk, V, p. 85. Arenaria, Brisson, Orn., V, 1760, p. 182. Family ARENARUDE. Genus ARENARIA, Brisson. Type, Tringa interpres, Linnzeus. Range.—Seacoasts nearly throughout the world, breeding in northern portions of the northern hemisphere. cosmopolitan species during migration). ARENARIA INTERPRES (Linnzus). Tringa interpres, LINNEHUS, Sys. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 148. Arenaria interpres, VIEILLOT, Gal. Ois., I, 1834, p. 102.—RipGway, Man. N. Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 180; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 116 (Hood Island, Gala- pagos Archipelago). Strepsilas interpres, ILLIGER, Prodr. Orn., 1811. p. 263.—GOULD and DARWIN, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 132 (Galapagos Archipelago).—ScLaTEeR and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 32 (Indefatigable and Bindloe islands).— SALVIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., 1X, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 502 (Indefatigable and Bindloe islands).—BaIRbD, BREWER, and RipGway, Water Birds N. Amer., I, 1884, Tadley Proc, No vols xix——-40 Galapagos Archipelago (one 626 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vou.x1x. Range.—Seacoasts nearly throughout the world. Galagapos Archi- pelago: Albemarle Island (Baur and Adams); Hood Island (Albatross); Indefatigable Island (Habel); Bindloe Island (Habel). ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS ARENARIA, BRISSON, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO, OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. (paincoon 1 BINOLOE I. 1 Redondo Rk 85 ft CHATHAM | EX Raley plete BARRINGTON |. Crossman Is sh 1 Bra ttle Is CHARLES Blackbeackh Rie 1. Arenaria interpres (Linneus). Family CHARADRITD_®. Genus SQUATAROLA, Cuvier. Squatarola, CUviER, Regne Anim., I, 1817, p. 467. Type, Tringa squatarola, Lin- Leus. Range.—Breeding in extreme northern portions of northern hemis- phere, but nearly cosmopolitan during migration. SQUATAROLA SQUATAROLA (Linnzus), Tringa squatarola, LINN&ZUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 149. Charadrius squatarola, NAUMANN, Vig. Deutschl., VII, 1834, p. 250.—RipGway, Man. N. Amer, Birds, 1887, p. 173. | Z NO. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 627 Squatarola squatarola, TURNER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, p. 246. Tringa helvetica, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat. 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 250. Squatarola helvetica, CUvIER, Regne Anim., I, 1817, p. 467.—Barrp, Brewer and RipGway, Water Birds N. Amer., I, 1884, p. 132. Range.—Nearly cosmopolitan. Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island, northern part (Baur and Adams). ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS SQUATAROLA, CUVIER, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO, 9i2 gL OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. DwEnman wo, (asincoon Il. eos Tie 1. ? TOWER! Gedondo Ak. * 85 ft 0 M Cove dont QUERVIS | R RBORC f fansoRouGh nN * DUNCAN 1S INDEFATIGABLE | 4 oe xy | Dal GHSTHEN I. ALBEMARLE I pe % ye BARRINGTON I. Pt. Cristopher: Ca aa reshi : 1 Ft. Essex. Brattle Is Bay. CHARLES Blackbeach RA INDEFATIGABLE | CHATHAM 1. ALBEMARLE |. a. (Zatrymple Rl, Crossman Ts, sheaf} 1 Brattle Is, CHARLES Blackbeach RA 1. Himantopus mexicanus (Miiiler) ? Tam unable to separate these Galapagos specimens from northern examples, or true H. mexicanus. The National Museum series of the latter is very meager, however. The two adult males show some black on some of the rectrices, in the form of roundish or ovate spots at the tip of the inner webs, one of them having, in addition, a dusky cloud- ing on the outer web of two or three of the tail-feathers. All the adults are molting their primaries, in consequence of which their wing ' Two specimens. 2 Four specimens. i 7 ' si lt tia a semis la Bannan tliat es No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 635 measurements could not be taken. Other measurements, however, are as follows: Measurements of Himantopus mexicanus. Nite: Cul- | Naked Tar- | Mid- aes Sex and age. | Locality. Date. | Tail. | en, | Part of ren calle | tibia. | toe |— = : = | 22.) ea) = | | | 83 | Adult female. Chatham Island ......-- June 19, 1891 | 2.70.) 2:63 | 2.52) 4.08 | 1. 61 | Som ACs ore Olesen eee sabes) Oye. a - 2.72 | 2.50 2.58 | 3.80 | 1.46 | Sie ee ee dopa: Albemarle Island.......| July 15,1891 | 2.70 | 2.50) 3.15) 4.26 | 1.50 | 312 | Adult female .)..-.-. CO ae se eeee eee Oi seemee 2200) 2549 | 2.35 | 3.70 | 1.52 Average .....-...-- jetere ote: | 2. 66 | 2.51 | 2.65 | 3.96 | 1.52 | I ees zl a (baer | Two of Messrs. Baur and Adams’ specimens being immature, as are also both of those obtained by Mr. Townsend, their measurements are not given. The following fresh color notes are found in Mr. Adams’ note book, but whether they apply to adult or young birds is not stated. If the former, there seems to be considerable difference in color of the legs between Galapagos and North American specimens, which in the latter is (usually, at least) clear pink or rosy lilac. Feet, tarsi, and one inch of tibia pinkish vinaceous, the other part of tibia vina- ceous-cinnamon. Family LARID J). Genus LARUS, Linnzus. Larus, LINN©US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 136. Type, by elimination, L. canus, Linneus. Range.—Cosmopolitan. Galapagos Archipelago (one peculiar species, related to species of the Pacific coast of North and South America). LARUS FULIGINOSUS, Gould. Larus fuliginosus, GOULD, Zool. Voy. Beagie, III, Birds, 1841, p. 141 (James Island, Galapagos Archipelago).—SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 323 (Indefatigable and Abingdon islands) ; 1871, p.574.—SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 125 (Charles and Indefatigable islands).—SALVIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. rx, 1876, p. 505, pl. Lxxxvui (Indefatigable, Abingdon, and Charles islands).—R1pGway, Proc. U. §. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 116 (Inde- fatigable, James, and Chatham islands). Specific characters.—Entire plumage deep grayish (adult) or sooty brown (young), the primaries blackish and the upper tail-coverts paler gray than back, ete. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Charles Island (Kinberg); Chatham Island (Townsend, Baur and Adams); Barrington Island (Baur and Adams); Indefatigable Island (Kinberg, Habel, Albatross); James Island (Darwin, Albatross) ; Bindloe Island (Baur and Adams); Abing- don Island (Habel). Adult male.—No. 116061, U.S.N.M.; Indefatigable Island, Galapagos, April 12, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Head and upper neck dark sooty 636 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, vou. xrx. slate, paling anteriorly into brownish slate-gray, the posterior outline rather distinct, forming a fairly well-defined “hood;” a longitudinal spot of white on each eyelid; lower neck, chest, and upper parts generally plain gray,' more or less stained, here and there, with brownish; sec- ondaries passing into very pale gray or grayish white at tips; upper tail-coverts pale gray; under parts of body pale brownish gray, deeper ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS LARUS, LINNAEUS, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. Cusneoon in oat I. (7 ToweR |, Redondo Ak, 65 ft QUERVIS |, A a Dal Se 1 ai Vv > BARRINGTON |. . 1 Crossman Is = 1 Pe. Essex Brattle Is Bay CHARLES Blackbaach Rk* INARBOROUGH 1 ALBEMARLE | | , J i ih er tet ee No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 637 18; wing, 13. 65: fr ae 65: exposed culmen, ce 68; greatest depth a bill, 0.50; least depth of bill, 0.50; tarsus, 2.30; atilalle toe, 1.75. Adult female..—No. 126001, U.S.N.M.; Chatham Island, Galapagos, Mareh 30, 1891; C. H. Townsend. Similar to the adult male, as described above, but head, neck, and chest browner, with many feathers of the immature plumage intermingled with those of the adult livery: under parts darker and decidedly browner gray, the under tail- coverts net approaching grayish white; secondaries and innermost primaries much darker, the former approaching black and with very distinct and broad ash gray tips, the latter with a more or less distinct blackish subterminal spot; tail much darker gray, shaded or suffused on edges of feathers with blackish, crossed by a broad subterminal band of blackish (nearly disappearing on lateral feathers), and marked with more or less distinct terminal spots of gray. Length (skin), 16.75; wing, 13.25; tail, 5.50; exposed culmen, 1.62; greatest depth of bill, 0.50; least depth of bill, 0.48; tarsus, 2.18; middle toe, 1.55. Immature (second year).—No, 116031, U.S.N.M.; James Island, Gala- pagos, April 11,1888; C. H. Townsend. Head, neck, chest, and most of upper parts sooty grayish brown, the feathers of the mantle with paler margins; rump uniform grayish brown; upper tail-coverts light gray, marked with a rather indistinct terminal spot of brownish; second- aries dull blackish slate, with paler terminal margins; primaries black, inclining to blackish slate on innermost quills; tail slaty black, fading into slate-gray basally, especially on inner webs, the lateral feathers with more than basal half of inner web rather light gray; under parts deep sooty gray or grayish brown, laterally lighter brown- ish gray, clouded with a more decided brown hue medially, passing into uniform pale brownish gray on anal region; under tail-coverts brownish gray, passing into a decidedly paler hue on margins, Bill and feet as in adults. Length (skin), 16,80; eine 13.35; tail, 5.50; exposed culmen, 1.60; greatest depth of bill, 0.48; least depth of bill, 0.44; tarsus, 2.22; middle toe, 1.62. Measurements of Larus fuliginosus. | | Z |= SH | OF Samal | Slo |e | | | 2 22t : Num- | Collec- : one | eo | ios ° Bae: fees Sex and age. Locality. Date. li Stel z faire cal os = | co | Bee aliescel ls = = = ate, IO) ilies b fm zs | | ces) | een Plegt ae Oy col ese pet | | Fielalé A lala ee eee | as -| r : 92 | B.& A.| Adult female.| Chatham Island.) June 20,1891) 12.15 50) . 48/2. 05] 1.57 HIGHER eee Al aceteicie (i) Saeed aaa Owen es sees June 24, 1891 | 13. % . 50) . 49/2. 06! 1. 63 127 |B. & A.| Adult male .-.|.-..- GOsee ease | June 25,1891 | 14. ~55| . 51/2, 18) 1.75 128 | B.& A.| Juvenile foe. re bie aesesenad lee GW S=noce | 13. .51) . 48,2. 23) 1. 61 male. | | | 129 |B. & A.| Adult female.|....-. One ne aac lashes dotsoaee ales 52| . 50/2. 02} 1. 60 130) |B. & AW! Adult male: =:|.=-.- - GOsseee cosas tec Coeeeeee 13. 62 53] Dedi2..22| Lote 270 | B.& A.| Adult female.) Barrington Is- | July 4,1891 | 13. 55| .49)1.97) 1.61 | land. | | | 116061 U.S. | Adult male...) Indefatigable Is- | | Ape. 12,1888 | 13.65 5.651.68 .50) .502.30, 1.75 | land. | | 1160629)" W.iS;. || Adit) =. 2-2-3) 25 <5 2 dons. tRsse5 Jase does-sen- | 13.155.701.59 .49) . 462.12) 1.56 116031 Ties: || huvenile:. 2. James Island....) Apr. 11,1888 | 13.355.501.60 .48) .442.22) 1 62 126001 Wass Adult female .| Chatham Island.| Mar. 30,1891 | 18. 255.50.1.62 .50) .482.18 1.55 | Average <<:|.-.<-.--.¢h2.. | 13.365. 51/1. 64) .51| . 4912. 25) 1.63 ! | | 1Not quite adult, the ae eaten belonging to the immature areca: 638 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. Vou. x1x. Genus CREAGRUS, Bonaparte. Creagrus, BONAPARTE, Naumannia, 1854, p. 213. Type, Larus furcatus, Néboux. Generic characters.—Bill with culmen longer than middle toe (nearly equal to tarsus), its tip strongly decurved and its depth greatest at base; tail nearly half as long as wing, forked for about one third its length. Adult with head and upper half of neck slate color, and exterior margin of scapular region bordered by a conspicuous white stripe. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago, Malpelo Island, and (casually) coast of South America as far south as Paracas Bay, Peru. This genus is exceedingly distinct from Xema, the few resemblances to which are purely superficial. From Yema, the points of structural difference are many and decided. The bill is very peculiar in shape, being much deeper at the base than elsewhere and strongly decurved at the tip, that of Yema being much smaller proportionally, much straighter, and much deeper through the angle than at the base. The tail is relatively much longer and much more deeply forked, being nearly half as long as the wing and forked for about one-third of its length, while that of Xema is much less than half as long as the wing and forked for not more than one-eighth of its length. As to coloration, there is even greater difference, Creagrus having the dark *‘ hood” descending much farther down over the neck, and instead of being very abruptly terminated by a black border has no very definite outline except on the fore neck; while the white patch at the base of the upper mandible and the very conspicuous white stripe margining the exterior scapulars are entirely peculiar features. Moreover, the plumage of the young is quite distinet in its character from that of Nema. CREAGRUS FURCATUS (Néboux). Mouette ad queue fourche, NEBOUX, Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 290. Larus furcatus, NEBOUX, Rey. Zool., 1840, p. 290; Voy. Vénus, Atlas, 1846, pl. x. (‘‘Monterey, California;” Paris Museum).—PRfVvOsT et Des Murs, Voy. Vénus, V, Ois., 1855, p. 277. Creagrus furcatus, BONAPARTE, Naumannia, 1854, p. 213.—SALvIN, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 506 (Dalrymple Rock, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago).—RIpGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p 117 (Dal- rymple Rock).—TOWNSEND, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XX VII, 1895, p. 125 (Malpelo Island). Xema furcatus, BRucH, Jour. fiir Orn., 1855, p. 103. Xema furcatum, COUES, Key, 1872, p. 317.—SAUNDERS, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 210 (Chatham Island); 1882, p. 523, pl. 34 (Paracas. Bay, Peru). Xema furcata, CouEs, Check List, 2 ed., 1882, No. 791.—BairpD, BREWER and RipGway, Water Birds N. Amer., II, 1884, p. 273. Specific characters.—Adult with head and neck slate colored, with a white spot at base of maxilla and on chin, sometimes also a smaller spot at apex of malar feathering; above clear gray, with a white line No. 1116. ee OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 639 along the exterior margin of ‘the seapular re region; tail, under parts, see- ondaries, and outermost wing-coverts white. Bill black with whitish tip; legs and feet red. Young chiefly white, including head and neck, the latter with a brown or tacky spot behind ear-coverts and in front of eye; rectrices with a dusky subterminal spot; mantle grayish, spotted with black. Bill wholly dusky; ee and feet pale (flesh color ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS CREAGRUS, BONAPARTE, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. (Ypancoon 1, a 1 (rower. 9 dow QUERVIS I L GK DUNCAN | vce & INDEFATIGABLE | CHATHAM | ALBEMARLE | a a. Date mple Rl, Crossman Is 1 + i Brattle Is. CHARLES Blackbeach RP 1. Creagrus furcatus (Néboux). inlife?). Length, about 20-22 inches; wing, 15.35-16.77; tail, 6.90-8.02, torked for about 2.45-3; culmen, 1.82-2.12; tarsus, 1.89-2.32; middle toe, 1.70-2.10. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Brattle Island (Baur and Adams); Hood Island (Baur and Adams); Dalrymple Rock, Chatham Island (Kellett and Wood, Albatross); off James Island (Baur and Adams) ; Tower Island (Baur and Adams). Malpelo Island, off Gulf of Panama (Townsend). Casual (?) off coast of Peru (Paracas Bay, Markham), and off coast of southern California (‘‘ Monterey ” Neboux). 640 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. VOU. XIx. J Adult male (breeding plumage).—No. 115967, U.S.N.M.; Dalrymple Rock, Chatham Island, Galapagos, April 6,1888; U.S. 8. Albatross, A white patch at base of upper mandible, crossing anterior portion of forehead, and averaging about 0.55 of an inch in width;! a very small white spot on the apex of the malar region; rest of head with upper half of neck uniform slate color,’ this rather abruptly terminated on the fore neck, but posteriorly fading gradually into the lighter gray of the hind neck; lower neck, all round, pale gray,’ below extending over the sides of the breast, and fading gradually into the pure white of the middle of the breast and other under parts, but above gradu- ally deepening into the uniform medium gray* which covers the back, scapulars, wing-coverts (except the lower greater and those along the margin of the wing), tertials, and rump; upper tail-coverts and _ tail entirely pure white, this abruptly contrasted with the deep gray of the rump. Exterior scapulars broadly and abruptly margined with pure white, forming a continuous and conspicuous narrow stripe along each side of the dorsal region; marginal wing-coverts, alulie, lower greater coverts, and upper secondaries pure white; lower secondaries with outer webs very pale gray; four innermost primaries very pale gray, narrowly margined with white; sixth similar, but with a blackish blotch near the tip, extending quite across the inner web and for some distance along its edge; fifth quill mostly pale gray, with dusky shaft, the terminal portion (for about 1.30 inches along the shaft, black, this color much more extensive, however, along both edges), but with a small white apical spot; fourth quill with black much more extensive (extending nearly 5 inches from tip on outer web or 1.75 to nearest point on the inner), with still smaller white apical spot, the rest of the inner web white, becoming gray next to the shaft; third quill with black extend- ing about 6.80 from the tip, or almost to the coverts on outer web, and 2 to nearest point on the inner, the white portion separated from the shaft by a dusky stripe; second quill similar, but with the whole exposed portion of outer web black, but the black on the inner web a lit- tle more restricted; first quill similar, but black near tip of inner web more restricted, though the stripe along the shaft is broader. (The three outermost quills have the white apical spots reduced to minute specks, which would entirely disappear with a very slight wearing of the feathers.) Bill black, with a little less than the terminal third (or for about 0.70 of aninch from the tip) yellowish horn white or pale olive- buff; rictus and broad tumid eyelids orange-red; iris dark brown; legs aud feet deep red; claws deep black. Length (mounted specimen), about 20; wing, 16.25; tail, 7.40 (forked for 2.50); exposed culmen, 1.90; depth of bill at angle, 0.50, at base of culmen, 0.68; tarsus, 2; middle toe, 1.50. 1This white patch does not extend as far down as the edge of the mandible 2 Corresponding to the slate color (No. 4, pl.u1) of my *‘Nomenclature of Colors,” but slightly browner. 3 Varying from tints 8-9, pl. 1, of my ‘‘ Nomenclature of Colors.” * Much like tint 7, pl.u, of my ‘‘ Nomenclature of Colors,” no, 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 641 Adilt female (breeding plumage). —No. 115968, U.S.N.M., same Miocene ity, etc. Similar to the male, but with the eiarcreatored ** hood ” even less distinetly defined (approaching abrupt definition only on the fore neck), and white patch at base of upper mandible more restricted (averaging not more than 0.25 wide), the white spot on the malar apex also smaller (almost obsolete on one side). Length (mounted specimen), about 18; wing, 15.75; tail, 7.60 (forked for 2.60); exposed culmen, 1.90; depth of bill at angle, 0.47, at base of culmen, 0.65; tarsus, 1.98; middle toe, 1.70. Mr. Adams’ notes on fresh colors follows: Adult male.—Tip of beak pearl gray; basal portion brownish slate-black; iris seal brown (large pupil); eyelids coral red; tibix just below feathers washed with ver- milion, most intense next feathers, and between toes at base of webs about same color; tarsi and toes rose pink; creases in webs dusky, the papillie rose pink; nails brownish black, with a narrow grayish line on top; under surface of webs same color as upper; under surface of toes and heel orange-ochraceous (not showing on heel when foot is resting on flat surface); between scales on tarsi light ashy; webs most dusky at edges. Length, i extent, 4 feet 44 inches. Young female (September 2).—Legs and feet drab-gray, except posterior portion of tarsus, which is tinged with broccoli brown; iris dark brown; eyelids black; bill slate color. A colored sketch made by Mr. Townsend from a freshly killed speci- men taken at Malpelo Island, Gulf of Panama, March 5, 1891, agrees closely with Mr. Adams’ description, but shows, as addition: il features, the rictus to be bright red, like the eyelids, while the naked skin on each side of the chin, next to the mandibular rami, is also"red, but of a paler tint than the rictus and eyelids. Measurements of Creagrus furcatus. of the unfeathered parts are as | lale [eal a/8 (eg | -|8l a3 ‘ als srs 2 uma: | Collec: Sex and age. | Locality. Date. % = S ET ean s . | ON laa eS Sis ola ls le la |-8 | Bole: joi aes | (EF la\/elaeA Rela| & ; 1888. 115967 | U.S. | Adult male...) Dalrymple Rock | Apr. 6 16.25 7.40 2.501.90 .50) . 68/2. 0011. 80 Galapagos. 115968 | U.S. | Adult female .|..... Com eae canect| crcl do ...|15..75)7. 60 2. 60/1. 90) .47| . 65/1. 98/1. 70 1891. | | | | | 131674 | U.S. | Adult male... Malpelo Island ...| Mar. 5 /|16.50).-.-.|---- 2.05) . 55] vole 32)1. 95 | 131675 | U.S. Adult female .|..... GOaeasecmsece snes do . ../16. 00)7. 45,2. 45/1. 90 . 50) . 65/1. 98)1. 78 131676 | Wistsh, llosace ee Beeisicia salen lo GO! sletecrsssisicte |..--do ...|16. 00]7. 50)2. 901.98) .51) .70)1. 95/1. 85 PSIG eecaS-5 Mase Ol ssc iae| sear GON see nsioe cers |....do .../16. 25/8. 02/3. 00/2. 01) .55) . 65/2. 02/1. 95 (a) B.& A. | Kauit male ...| Tower Island, Gal- Sept. 3 |16. 25.6. 90|....|2. 00} . 50] . 73/2. 00/2. 00 | apagos. | | | ara | aresaa (DD) eBager AS |Sasee WOpeseecee a Of James Island, | Aug. 21 |16. 65|7. 73). --.|2. 00 53) . 692.212. 06 | | _ Galapagos. DalnB aspAue lea edonsa veers | | Hood Island, Gal- | July 7 |..... (7-80..../1.82 .50) . 65/2. 101. 82 | | | apagos. | | | | | 238 | B.& AL Bialeg Owens | aoece GR aecielecr Hlarateta CL Olteyar|:-talater= 7.65). ...|2. 00) . 49) . 66/1. 89/1. 89 | Pele SoA sce 1 dOye eae Wsetdo wae, ae. las: do ...,16. 75/7. 98). ...'2.09) .50) .69)2. 14/1. 93 | 243 |B. & A.| Adult female -!..... omaha a ee do -../16, 007. 30)..-./1.90) . 49) . 62,2. 00/1. 95 | 245 | B. & A. | Adult male - UO GR eras Gaasen asae do 15. 35/7. 00}... .|1. 92) .53] . 72/2. 05)2. 06 | 246 | Br Oc )-Aven | s\e(= is GOs ase sales 2 Geet tecsceee: {----do --.|/15. 90/7. 60}... .|1.95) .56) . 70/1. 95/2. 05 280n Bac Aw nee dosausc ces | Brattle Island, | July 13 16. 62\7. 80|....|2. 02) . 49) . 66!2. 20/1. 95 | | Galapagos. | 290 | B.& A.| Adult female .|.....d 16. 30/7. 18|..-.|2.00) . 49) . 61/1. 95/1. 80 291 | B.& A.| Adult male ...)..... . 20)7. 58)... .|2. 05 38 . 67/2. 05/2. 05 292 | B.& A. | . 30/7. 65]... .|1. 92} . 65 2. 05/1. 98 | 293 | B. & A. | “#217, 101. 19] 0 . 73)2. 10]2. 10 | 294 |B. & A. 5. 77/7. 47|....(2. 04| . 54) . 72/9. 08/1. 99 | | oa oe ae Seo ce ca | | | 25/7 | 2,05, 25/7 98.51) .672. 051. 93 | Proc. N. M. vol. xix AL 512. 69/1: § 642 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vou. xix. Genus ANOUS, Stephens. Anous, STEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., XIII, Pt. 1, 1826, p. 189. Type, Sterna stolida, Linnzeus. Range.—Tropical seas in general. Galapagos Archipelago (one peculiar species). ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS ANOUS, STEPHENS, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHI- PELAGO. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. Cpainsoon \, Gyno fz Wedondo Rk 65 ft, " QUERVIS I. i hese x INDEFATIGABLE |, Q CHATHAM | ~ © Crossman Is, 1 PU: ae ee Brattle Js, CHARLES austsnsgedo > 1. Anous galapagensis, Sharpe. ANOUS GALAPAGENSIS, Sharpe. Megalopterus stolidus (nec Sterna stolida, LINNEvS), GouLp, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, Birds, 1841, p. 145 (Galapagos Archipelago). Anous stolidus, SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 125 (Galapagos).—SaLvin, Trans. Zool. Soc., IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 504 (Dalrymple Rock, Chatham Island).—RipGway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 116 (Dalrymple Rock). Anous galapagensis, SHARPE, Philos. Trans., CLX VIII, 1879, p. 469.—SaLvIn, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, p. 430 (Charles Island).—RipG@way, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 116 (Hood and Chatham islands). NO. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 643 Specific characters.—Similar to A. stolidus (Linneus), but much darker and less brown, the head and neck almost slate color, and the forehead, in most perfect plumage, mouse gray, slightly paler along the edge, adjoining the black lores. (Many specimens, apparently adults, have the forehead but little grayer than the occiput). | Range.—Galapagos Archipelago: Albemarle Island (Baur and Adams); Charles Island (Markham); Hood Island (Albatross, Baur and Adams); Chatham Island (Kellett and Wood, Townsend); Tower Tsland (Baur and Adams); Wenman Island (Townsend). Adult male (fresh plumage).—No. 126004, U.S.N.M.; off Wenman Island, April 4, 1891; C. H. Townsend. Head, neck, and chest uniform deep brownish slate, becoming darker on the lores, especially along their upper margin and immediately in front of the eyes, where nearly black, lighter and grayer on pileum, where becoming gradually paler anteriorly, the whole forehead being uniform smoke gray, lighter, approaching grayish white, in a narrow line along the lateral edge, next to the blackish anteorbital patch; a small white spot a little pos- terior to the middle of the upper eyelid and lower eyelid white for nearly its whole length, the space between the posterior extremity of the latter and the white spot on upper eyelid black. Rest of the plumage, in general, uniform deep sooty slate-brown, browner on wing- ecoverts and middle under parts, more slaty on back, rump, and upper tail-coverts; remiges sooty black; primary coverts and rectrices more blackish slate. Bill entirely deep black; legs and feet brownish black. Length (skin), 15.25; wing, 11.10; tail, 6, graduated for 2; culmen, 1.57; depth of bill at base of culmen, 0.41; tarsus, 0.95; middle toe, 1.18. Adult female (fresh plumage).—No. 115970, U.S.N.M.; Dalrymple Rock, Chatham Island, April 5, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Exactly like the adult male in plumage. Length (skin), 15.75; wing, 10.80; tail, 6.05, graduated for 1.70; culmen, 1.61; depth of bill at base of culmen, 0.41; tarsus, 0.98; middle toe, 1.20. Adult male (previous to molting.)\—No. 116091; U.S.N.M.; Hood Island, April 7, 1888; C. H. Townsend. Similar to the fully adult, as described above, but rather darker above and browner beneath, the pileum dark sooty slate, approaching a decided gray only along the lateral margin, adjoining the black loral space. Length (skin), 14.50; Wing (primaries molting); tail, 5.92, graduated for 2; culmen, 1.53; depth of bill at base of culmen, 0.59; tarsus, 0.93; middle toe, 1.15. Adult female (before molting).—No. 126003, U.S.N.M.; Wenman Island, April 4, 1891; C. H. Townsend. Similar to the male in same condition of plumage. Length (skin), 15; wing, 10.; tail, 5.75, grad- uated for 2; culmen, 1.46; depth of bill at base of culmen, 0.39; tar- sus, 0.98; middle toe, 1.20. While very distinct from A. stolidus (Linneus), the character upon which the separation from that species of A. galapagensis was based (“erown of head uniforin brown like the rest of the upper surface”) | place, the fully adult birds, at least those in fresh plumage, having the pileum distinctly gray, though many shades darker than in A. stolidus, rather abruptly to a hoary hue next to the upper margin of the black lores, where forming a rather distinct though narrow line. The color of the body, wings, and tail, however, is very different from that of | A, stolidus, being dark sooty slate, instead of much lighter sooty brown in fact, the general color of the plumage is exactly the same as in A. leucocapillus, Gould,' except that the tail and its coverts are near] or quite concolor with the other parts, instead of having a more or less distinct grayish cast. The “Anous stolidus” from Chatham Island mentioned in my paper? — on the Albatross collection is not that species, but the fresh-plumaged — adult of A. galapagensis. The erroneous identification was made not by comparison with A. stolidus, but with dusky crowned specimens corresponding with those described by Mr. Sharpe. Measurements of Anous galapagensis. | | [> ante Tt | | Alls ne" Eee here Solce: | Sex and age. Locality. Date | = 32 ; | wo | .| 28) 8 | | aldgl eile |e | |} F jalala ja | | 115970 U.S. | Adult female .| Chatham Island ..... | Apr. 5,1888 | 10. 806.051.610.410. 98) 1. 1115970 i) sc eee a GO\ce-- se - eee Olaf eer jes Olean 10. 005. 281.53 .38) . 96) 1. | 116091 | U.S. | Adult male ...| Hood Island ......... ‘Apr 7, Lessile.ceee 5. 92/1. 53] . 39] . 93) 1. 126003 | .S. | Adult female .) Wenman Island ..... Apr. 4,1888| 10. 005. 75/1. 46; . 39] .98) 1. 126004 «U.S. Adult male ...|....- OOr Jesezeeee cceveleee: Crees 11.106. 001.57) . 41] . 95) 1. 242 | B.& A. |---.. VRE EES ee Hood Island ...-..... July 7,1891 | 11.005.901.70| .41) .86) 1.: 406 | B. & A.|..... Reem aelaeie| Albemarle Island....) July 31,1891} 10.90 6.101. 60) .36 94) i 407 | BaSevas |. 2222 Oy 2% se oc benes dors: <2 eee eae doi-2-52 11.186. 001.50) . 40 90) Ui 408 (SB ea 2) 22. = |= aia: dol sostheeccee eae: Aug. 1,1891} 10.405. 68/1. 53) .38) . 86) 1. 409 | B.& A. |..--- 0.225 592562208 OO ser eos teen ae | eae doje 248 10. 42,5. 58/1. 52) . 35} . 82) 1. SIO UB ReerA eed. sae e na at beac Goer ccs e eee eee leceme doxense | 10.705. 70:1. 67| .38! 95] 1. ANAS IS ReeAS IS oes Oe cea eae GO sense eae fe sates doz=--e= | 10. 53.5. 55}1. 58] . 38} . 86) 1. AIO Ba Rr eA ee Ore cease elena GO) ons cacece tenes fae doverces 10. 80,6. 10/1. 58} . 40) . 96 1. B. & A. | Adult female .| Tower Island......-.. | Sept. 4,1891 | 10.305 601.51 38) Go}. B.& A.| Adult temale? |....- do) =:--=- Soren Aug. 3,1891| 9. 65/5. 00/1. 40] .32) .87| 1. 1B. & A | Adult male ...]....- doi. te Be | Sept. 4,1891 | 10.705. 701.54 . 37| .94) 1. | BS as tA No 2-1 CO, eae eee OO! se se coeere nacewsleceee docs ee: 10. 00/5. 82/1. 51) .38) .91) 1. Boge Ro... dove eee dof 45. eee: alo ee Fee: 10. 456, 001.58) .41) .93, 1. | | Average ....... | Sleraieis oats | 10. 51/5. ae 99) . 39] . a 1.21 { ] | | { ‘ dnous leucocapillus, GOULD, Proce. Zool. Soc., 1845, p. 103 (Raines Island, Aus-— tralia).—STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, pp. 116, 117 (critical), ? Anous melanogenys, GRAY, Gen. Birds, III, 1849, p. 661, pl. 182. Anous melanogenys, SAUNDERS, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 670, pl. LXI, fig. 2.—_ BatrRD, BREWER, and RipGway, Water Birds N. Amer., II, 1884, p. 324.— RrpGway, Man. N. Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 49. i Anous tenuirostris (nec Sterna tenuirostris, TEMMINCK), SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 566.—CougEs, Birds N,-W., 1874, p. 710, footnote. 2Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, p. 116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Measurements of Anous stolidus (Linnaeus). 645 | | | pehees eeclse lan aa easel | | | EE alia | Collec- | fe as | , o [6 8 | aa | Ne. Ao Sex and age. | Locality. Date (em room| eer |e |i seead i | | | op a |d-| 5 ae ar | | | |e lal€ele|sls | | | }Flsl|a@e jalsls | — ie | SS eared = | | | | 1 2008 eit | Aolrline ae soeoe | MOTI dans acy-ee cae seeeeeinteas ees 110. 30 |5. 22,1. 61)... ./0.98 1.13) 1.60 8685 | U.S. | Adult female .| Tortugas, Flor- | June 26, 1857 /10.30 5.351.58 .40)....).... 1.75 | } ida. | | 33697 Ot eee ne Olas e err | | British Hondu- | May 12, 1862 |10. 50 |5. 93,1. 72) .39/1.001.20) 1.78 | ras. | 80018 WS: Adalitte sacs IMOmMINIGAMWICSUn saesc nee eee nee les cee 2 |coee 1.45) . 38) [O25 ee | | Indies. | | | 80910 NSIS s | te srsree Gorse-e5-<5 Bea WeSGilszeensaee osc 10.30 5.48 1.70) . 46 .98 1.20, 1.70 | | ndies. | 84854 U.S. | Adult male... ppenaeas West | May 10, 1881 |10. 25 |5. 75.1.7: al . 411. 00 1.20 1.80 | Indies. | | : 109050 WEIS se Atul: ec reace I Guntaratelomipeys|- =.= =). 10. 00 5,571.68) 401.00 1.20, 1.70 ___ West Indies. | | aeints.|| U.S. |..3.- dob ee F5Okanei Weis) (oft o2- 22 0 <- | 9.90 5. 4811. 60 37| .98)1. 15] 1.70 | mouth of Am- | | azon. \ 12582 Was: Adultimale=..| Atlantic Ocean. }2.:--=...-.-..- 110.30 |5: 82'1.62) .41).. 2/2... 1.85 | lat. 0°, long. | 17° 44’, O7e9sg| Unis: || Adult 2.0.2. it@aribbean Sea -.42.--5.5--.- <6 KS 55 |5. 72,1. 72) .40.1. 08/1. 18) 1.98 PACT AGO vert oan 'n)ctateiantn etn, oboe 10.29 5.601.64 .401.011.19 1.76 Measurements of Anous stolidus rousseaui (Hartlaub! ) Sint 5 eres o-1 (55% cele Palen nese ‘oa Roa g\s a ° | | Else : Num- |Collec-, . By Eee x 53 hore | tion. |\ =°= and age. Locality. Date. . | % | ox 2 |e. 80 [ee ieee | eee eet es aja | aleg|) 2 is ls iS S Kh | OS] So }es | w Ee la BIR la |Slo —"|= 2 _ : a - : Eee |e —|—|—— 131€94 | U.S. | IN eo poEeee Cocos Island ...... | Feb. 28, 1891 In. hi. 40's. 601.61 0.411.031. 24) 2.30 Hon695: | Wess ene. G0 esas esse ee GOs ese sncsee ee lseee Got === Fr] 10. 95.6. 23/1. 58 43)1. 03/1. 25} 2. 20 | 131696 | U.S. | Adult male .-.|..... GO nascceis see's acllesene Gore eeoe 10,906.48 1.62) . 42/1. 00)1. 27) 2. 40 | TEST |W. IS. (2... MOwastecces losses GO! sjssicecloceect|s cece Gone oa: jit 35,6. 601.68 .431.091.28) 2. 28 | Arveragess e-le-ens2a0se2-2 I11. 15/6. 43/1. 62). 42/1. 04|1. 26) 2. 30 | Bg786 | U.S. |..--- doe toes. | Isabella Island, Apr. 27, 1869 10. 305.88 1.62 .421. 001.18 2.00 west Mexico. | | | 58791 | U.S. | Adult female -|.-.-.-. dOmeeee eee epee leceee dO as 10.506. 021.62 .401.01/1.15 2.10 HSS Weise | Adult... 2c. Belinghausen Is- |.....-.......- 111.206.251.60, 142 1. 00)1. 23) 2.50 land, Pacific | | Ocean. 15526 | U.S. | Adult male...) Waralea Island, |-..:..-...-... 11. 20/6. 60/1. 7) - 411.03 1.30) 2.35 | Pacific Ocean. | G7a26 URS. |; Adult. 5... ---- WiestiofiSand wich |2s.c2-2.-+sn-- 10. 40 5. 92 1-47) =3815,00!222.2) 2215 | Islands, Pacific Ocean. Ie rerane.s te eee ae 10,726.13 1.61] .411.011.22) 2.22 | 119796 | U.S. | Adult female _| Seychelles....-...- acpi ae s00 |aonee| ae 1.63| .40) .981.20 2.20 | 119798 | U.S. | Adult male_..|..... ORS Se eee reer Cotsen. 10, 605. on 71 Sy 1. 03/1. 20) 2.50 28750) |) Us: |e... e GOfase ces 300 miles south- | Aug. 14, 1892 |10. 706, 35 1. 68 421.101. 25) 2.10 | west of Sey- chelles. . rc | 2ST OU [EW Se lsoo ee Oeste ee: Northwest of Mad- | Oct. 15,1892 11.005.801.68 .421.001.23 1.85 agascar. TANOTAL OVS = silaee tts sicczeels 10, 765 .99)1. 62) . 411.03 1. 22) 2.16 \dnous rousseaui, HARTLAUB, Beitr. Orn. Madagasc., 1860, p. 86 (Madagascar; collection Paris Museum; =—young). Anous frater, COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (Island of Kuralea, South Pacific; U.S. Nat. Mus.). December, 1862, p. 558 Not being aware that both Dr. Hartlaub andl Dr. Coues had already separated the 646 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. Vou od Family DIOMEDEIDZ. Genus DIOMEDBA, Linnezus. Diomedea, LINN-©US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 182. Type, D. erulans, Linn:eus. ) Range.—Southern seas and Pacific Ocean in general. Galapagos Islands (two widely ranging species). ? DIOMEDEA EXULANS, Linnezus. Diomedea exulans, LINNZLUS, Syst. Nat., LOth ed., I, 1758, p. 182.—‘‘ Wor, Besuch aus den Galdp. Iseln, 1879, p. (269) 13” (Hood Island, Galapagos Archipel- ago).—BaAIRD, BREWER, and RiIpGway, Water Birds N. Amer., II, 1884, p. 347.—RipGway, Man. N. Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 51. Range.—Southern seas in general, north, casually, to Florida (Tampa Bay and mouth of St. Johns River) and Washington. Galapagos Archi- pelago (Hood Island, Wolf). No specimens having been preserved, the identification of this species — is doubtful. Indeed, only Habel and Wolf have recorded the oceur- rence among the Galapagos Islands of birds undoubtedly belonging to | this genus. The former saw at Hood Island “two kinds of albatrosses. | One had a dark blackish breast and a white band crossing the head | from one eye to the other |). nigripes, Audubon?|; the breast of the | other was gray, and the head black.”!' The latter may have been an immature D. erulans. According to Wolf the last-named species was at one time very abundant on Hood Island. He says: I would mention as a curious zoological fact that the albatross of this island (Hood), and only this, oceurs in such abundance that the entire camp of Orchilla collectors (more than 60 men) lived for a month chietly upon its eggs, although each female lays but one egg. It is evidently the widespread albatross from the Cape of Good Hope (Diomedea exrulans), which is also very abundant about Cape Horn.? Noddy of the Pacific and Indian oceans from that of the Atlantic, I was surprised to find them really different. The differences of measurements and proportions pointed out by Dr. Coues (loc. cit.) hold good in a very much larger series of specimens than that which he examined, the pileum being decidedly darker and the general colora- tion darker and less brown in specimens from the Pacific and Indian oceans than in those from the Atlantic (true 4. stolidus), the tail decidedly longer and more grad- uated, ete. It is probable, however, that still further subdivision will be necessary when a larger number of specimens have been compared. For example, specimens {rom Cocos Island, off Panama Bay, are darker and less brown than those from the Seychelles (true 4. rousseaui?), being, in fact, nearly intermediate between the latter and the Galapagos form (dA. galapagensis). It is very likely an earlier name, based upon the bird from some part of the Pacific or Indian oceans, may be found, Sterna philippina, Latham (Index Ornithologicus, II, 1790, p. 805), cited by Blasius (Journ. fiir Orn., 1866, p. 83) as a synonym of A. stolidus, seems, however, scarcely applicable. ‘See Trans. Zool. Soc. London, IX, Pt. 1x, 1876, pp. 458, 459. 2 Besuch aus den Galdpagos Inseln, 1879, p. (269) 13. i i No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 647 ? DIOMEDEA NIGRIPES, Audubon. Diomedea nigripes, Audubon, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, p. 327 (eastern Pacific, lat. 50° N.; U.S. Nat. Mus.).—Cassin, Illustr. Birds Cal. Tex., etc., 1853, p. 210, pl. 35.—BaIrRD, BREWER and RipGway, Water Birds N. Amer., II, 1884, p. 355.—RipGway, Man. N. Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 51. Range.—North Pacific Ocean, especially the eastern side. ? Casual in the Galapagos Archipelago (Hood Island, Habel). ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS DIOMEDEA, LINN ®US, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHI- PELAGO. OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. Dwenman tf. nf {_Yssincoon I | Gasol: ' (rower | eiedondo Rk 65 ft. 0 — JAMES |. Yo a oy \ a ee QUERVIS | t 1 0 DUNCAN ra) WDEFATIGABT ETT 2 | pat CHATHAM \ lalrymple Rh, ALBEMARLE | Pt Cristophe, ~ BARRINGTON |. rossman Is 1 shatters 1 Pe. Essex Brattle Is Bey CHARLES Blackbeach Rie | A) a |e a | © el | Soule ey Hee ane elas | | & | fa | 2 | eS 5 5 = | | | ee EN OCS Hele Neen et | | | | | | | | | 1888. | | 117142 | U.S.N.M. | Adult male...! Dalrymple Rock ..| Apr. 6 /7. 45/2. 95/1. 10/0. 82.0, 22/1. 37] 1.41 320260 MWS. Ne ME. | =. Womens =. acne Co maeeeeine cere leon doin: 7. 50 2. 801. 10) . 80) . 23/1. 50} 1.40 | | 1891 | | 132727 | U.S.N.M. | Adult female -| Wenman Jsland...! Apr. 4 Iz. 88 2. 95(1. 15) . 83] . 25/1. 45) 1.48 | 132728 | U.S. N.M. |..... GW eascesar Galapagos......... | Mar. 28 |7.35 2.85 1.08 .80) .251.38) 1.39 Bee Aven recor Goveencsae KickersRock---=-- | Aug. 24 |7. 05/2. 65/1. 03) . 84) . 21/1. 49) 1. 49 | Bec Aes nece domesnees- leraiae do merece eres eer do .../7. 20/2. 80/1. 04) . 80) . 22/1. 33) 1.45 | 487 B.& A. Adult male...) Jervis Island.....| Aug. 9 |7.31)2. 60/1. 08] .85) . 23/1. 38) 1. 42 488 DB orOzae At aia eve site Ov aeiaee sre||s 10st: GOzeesejes ia a= |----do .-.|7. 45/2. 60/1. 00) . 80) . 21/1. 30) 1.45 490 B. & A. Adult female .)....- UWOt*A Misceeceke louse do ...!7. 00)2. 60/1. 05) . 81) . 22/1. 30} 1.45 | 491 legate: Caen eerie GOW sar) eas ot CO sseeeereeeecalltace do 7. 32\2. 65/1. 05) . 82) . 21/1. 31) 1.40 | 493 BSCS hea Own teers laner are Cotsen sae ese do ...|7. 25/2. 65/1. 01) . 78) . 22 1.39] 1.47 404 B.& A. Adult male ...|....-. Gl) necobenannec |----do -../7. 40/2. 51/1. 08) . 80) . 241.46) 1.49 497 | B.& A. | Adult female -|..... COs seeeseneeeee |----do -..|7. 20/2. 70/1. 09) . 85} . 21/1. 32| 1. 38 | Asyerage onc. |oiesceseee 17. 33]2, 7211.06 .82| . 221.44] 1.46 | | J | | Genus OCEANODROMA, Reichenbaeh. Oceanodroma, REICHENBACH, Syst. Av., 1852, p. iv. Type, Procellaria furcata, Gmelin. Range.—Cosmopolitan (pelagic). Galapagos Archipelago (one spe- cies, found also in the Hawaiian group). 1Pufinus awricularis, TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 133 (Clarion Island, off west coast of Mexico; U.S. Nat. Mus.). 654 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY. vot.xix. Ser ae OCEANODROMA CRYPTOLEUCURA, Ridgway. Cymochorea cryptoleucura, RipGWway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1V, March 29, 1882, p 337 (Waimea Kaui, Sandwich Islands; U. 8. Nat. Mus.); in Baird, Brewer & Ridgway’s Water Birds N. Amer., II, 1884, p. 406. Oceanodroma cryptoleucura, RipGw ty ae N. Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 71.—Town- SEND, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XX VII, 1895, p. 125 (Wenman Island, Gala- pagos; ‘‘eryptoleucucra”), ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS OCEANODROMA, REICUENBACH, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO, OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. (uainsoon I ceo i, Setenae Rk, mae DUNCAN | =o Ss a t Or sage | ALBEMARLE I. rossman Ts, Pt, Essex, Brattle Is, HARLES Blastoars Bed O) Sees Se ets eet sae ie ZS) : 33993 | U.S. Adult male ...| Off coast of Chile ...|......-....... 5. 20) 2.35, .43 5) sible oes 500 B.& A. | Adult female .| North AlbemarieIs- | Aug. 10,1891 | 5.30) 2.30.43, .25 1.24) .86 land. + 505 | B.& A. | Adult male ...|....-. (NS aorerne ices ee Aug. 11, 1891 | 5.45) 2.30 .42) .22) 1 a . 82 533 B. & A. | Adult female .| James Island -.-.-.--- Aug. 15, 1891 | 5.30) 2.30) .40) . 25) 1.20) .80 | 534) B. & A. | Adult male .-.-|...-- GOmscoreeesosccr | Aug. 13, 1891 | 5,25) 2,25 .48) .24) 1.20) .78 535 | B.& A. | Adult female -|---.-do -.--------.-.-|_---2 Oke = 5. 25] 2.32 .45) .25) 1.15} .83 Hate) | Asgres ea |leoene OW poancene pecrenee GON amen eet ae ere domes 5.50}°2: 35) .42)) 225) 14) .78 AVeraue eel teen 5.32} 2.31.43) 24! 1. 18. 81 | Family SPHENISCID 2. Genus SPHENISCUS, Brisson. Spheniscus, BRISSON, Orn., VI, 1790, p.96. Type, Aptenodytes magellanicus, Forster. Dypsicles, GLOGER, Hand- und Hilfsbuch Naturg , ‘‘1842” (1841), p. 476. (Sub- stitute for Spheniscus.) Generic characters.—“ Bill moderate, much compressed, strong, with the culmen rounded and curved at the tip, which is acute; the tip of the lower mandible suddenly truncated, and the gonys moderate and curved upward; the nostrils rather rounded, and placed in a lateral groove near the ‘middle of the bill. Wings imperfect, and covered with small scales. Toes long, the lateral ones unequal, and united to the middle toe by a web; the hind toe very small, and united to the tarsus at the base of the inner toe; the claws long, compressed, and slightly curved.”! Range.—Antarctic seas, and adjacent parts of South America and southern Africa. Galapagos Archipelago (one peculiar species). SPHENISCUS MENDICULUS, Sundevall. Spheniscus mendiculus, SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, pp. 126, 129 (James Island, Galapagos).—SALVIN, Trans. Zool. Soc , 1X, Pt. 1x, 1876, p. 508, pl. LXXXIX (James Island).—WoLrFr, Besuch. aus den Galipagops Inseln, 1879, p- 42 (Post-Office Bay, Charles Island).—RipGway, Proc, U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, E 119 (Albemarle Island). 1 Gray, Genera i mde TU p: 640. NO. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 661 Specific characters.—Similar to S. magellanicus (Forster'), from the Falkland Islands and Straits of Magellan, but with longer and more slender bill; mandible with basal two-thirds or more yellowish, instead of wholly black; size less; chin white; postocular white stripe much narrower; no well-defined dusky band across fore neck (above the one across chest), and without whitish posterior margin to wing. Leneth (skin), about 17.50; wing (from insertion), about 5.50; culmen, 2.20; middle toe, with claw, 2.50-2.40. ASCERTAINED RANGE OF THE GENUS SPHENISCUS, BRISSON, IN THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. TT | aE) OUTLINE CHART OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS. (saincoon Ip (SE: t (Prower: efedondo Rk, 85 ft. Tagies Cove. INARBOROUGH, I ALBEMARLE 1 CHATHAM | EY | DalrympleRK, BARRINGTON I. Crossman Is haters 1 Brattle Ls. oy CHARLES j1. Blackbeach RW 1From the Albatross collection of 1888. 2From the Albatross collection of 1891. No. 1116. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 667 RIDGWAY, RopeErt: Preliminary descriptions of some new birds from the Gala- pagos Archipelago Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, No. 1067, Apr. 23, 1896, pp. 293, 294. These new forms are the result of further examination of specimens in Dr Baur’s collection as well as National Museum specimens collected by the naturalists of the Albatross in 1888 and 1891. They are as follows: (1) Geospiza pachy- rhyncha,'! Tower Island, p. 293; (2) Geospiza fatigata,? Indefatigable Island, p. 293; (3) Camarhynchus bindloci,' Bindloe Island, p. 294; (4) Camarhynchus compressirostris,! Jervis Island, p. 294; (5) Camarhynchus incertus,! James Island, ‘ p 294. 1From Dr Baur’s collection. 2From the Albatross collection. 10. ATS 12. ate 18. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Pirate LVI. . Nesomimus parvulus, Gould, No. 115972, U.S.N.M.; Albemarle Island, Gala- pagos; Albatross collection. . Nesomimus adamsi, Ridgway. Type, in Dr. Baur’s collection; Bindloe Tsland, Galapagos. . Nesomimus melanotis, Gould, No. 115986, U.S.N.M.; James Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection, . Nesomimus bauri, Ridgway. Type, in Dr. Baur’s collection; Tower Island, Galapagos. . Nesomimus personatus, Ridgway. Type, No. 116098, U.S.N.M.; Abingdon Island, Galapagos; Albalross collection. . Nesomimus macdonaldi, Ridgway. Type, No. 116066, U.S.N.M.; Hood Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection. . Camarhynchus (Cactospiza) pallidus (Sclater and Salvin)? Type of Cae- tornis hypoleuca, Ridgway, No. 115997, U.S.N.M.; James Island, Galapagos ; Albatross collection. . Camarhynchus (Cactospiza) productus, Ridgway. Type, in Dr. Baur’s col- lection; Albemarle Island. . Camarhynchus salvini, Ridgway. Type, No. 125976, U.S.N.M.; Chatham Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection. Camarhynchus prosthemelas, Sclater and Salvin, No. 116009, U.S.N.M.; James Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection. Camarhynchus pauper, Ridgway, No. 125968, U.S.N.M.; Charles Island, Gal- apagos; Albatross collection. Camarhynchus compressirostris, Ridgway. Type, No. 471, Dr. Baur’s col- lection: Jervis Island, Galapagos. . Camarhynchus habeli, Sclater and Salvin, No. 116130, U.S.N.M.; Abingdon Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection. . Camarhynehus psittaculus, Gould, No. 564, female adult, Dr. Baur’s collec- tion; James Island, Galapagos. . Camarhynechus psittaculus, Gould?. Type of Camarhynchus townsendi, Ridgway, No. 115915, U.S.N.M.; young male; Charles Island, Galapa- gos; Albatross collection. . Camarhynehus psittaculus, Gould ?. Type of C. rostratus, Ridgway, No. 116006, U.S.N.M., male adult; James Island, Galapagos; Albatross col- lection. Camarhynchus (Platyspiza) variegatus, Sclater and Salvin, No. 125972, U.S.N.M.; Chatham Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection. Camarhynchus (Platyspiza?) crassirostris, Gould. (From Gould, Zool. Voy. Beagle, 11, pl. Xt.) 669 670 BIRDS OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO—RIDGWAY, vou. x1x. Fic. PLATE LVII. Cocornis agassizi, Townsend. Type, No. 131680, U.S.N.M.; Cocos Island; _ i. C. H. Townsend. 2. Geospiza (Cactornis) scandens (Gould). Specimen in Dr. Baur’s collection; James Island, Galapagos. 3. Geospiza (Cactornis) intermedia, Ridgway. ‘Type, No. 115916, U.S.N.M.; Charles Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection. 4, Geospiza (Cactornis) barringtoni, Ridgway. Type, in Dr, Baur’s collection; Barrington Island, Galapagos. 5. Geospiza (Cactornis) abingdoni, Sclater and Slavin. No. 116126, U.S.N.M.; Abingdon Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection. 6. Geospiza (Cactornis) brevirostris, Ridgway. Type, No. 115920, U.S.N.M.; Charles Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection. 7. Geospiza (Cactornis) propinqua, Ridgway. Type,in Dr. Baur’s collection; Tower Island, Galapagos. 8. Geospiza conirostris, Ridgway. Type, No. 116070, U.S.N.M., Hood Island; 1 Galapagos; Albatross collection. 9. Geospiza pachyrhyncha, Ridgway. Type, in Dr. Baur’s collection; Tower Island, Galapagos. 10. Geospiza magnirostris, Gould. (From Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., IX, | Pt. 1x.; p: 479:) 7 11. Geospiza dubia, Gould, No. 125912, U.S.N.M.; Chatham Island, Galapagos; _ Albatross collection. ‘ | 12. Geospiza bauri, Ridgway. Type, in Dr. Baur’s collection; James Island, — Galapagos. 13. Geospiza media, Ridgway. Type. No. 116072, U.S.N.M.; Hood Island, Gala- pagos; Albatross collection. : 14. Geospiza fortis, Gould?. Type of G.. albemarlei, Ridgway, No. 115977, — J.S.N.M.; Albemarle Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection. ‘ 15. Geospiza fortis, Gould, No. 125936, U.S.N.M., immature male; Charles i Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection. i 16. Geospizafratercula, Ridgway. Type, No. 116110, U.S.N.M.; AbingdonIsland, — Galapagos; Albatross collection. i 17. Geospiza fuliginosa, Gould, No. 125927, U.S.N.M.; Chatham Island, Gala- pagos; Albatross collection. 18. Geospiza parvula, Gould, No. 77755, U.S.N.M.; Abingdon Island, Galapagos; Dr. A. Habel. 19. Geospiza debilirostris, Ridgway. Type, No. 116003, U.S.N.M.; James Island, Galapagos; Albatross collection. 20. Geospiza difficilis, Sharpe. No. 116117, U.S.N.M.; Abingdon Island, Gala- . Geospiza acutirostris, Ridgway. Type, in Dr. Baurs’ collection; Tower ‘ pagos; Albatross collection. 3 Island, Galapagos. | U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. LVI oo _ © ¢ 18 SPECIFIC VARIATIONS IN FORM OF BILL IN NESOMIMUS AND CAMARHYNCHUS. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 669. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. LVIf Pc P< Rex pert 5 Pe Soo. SS eee x EaiG : <6 a XK SPECIFIC VARIATIONS IN FORM OF BILL IN GENUS GEOSPIZA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 670. : , ON THE FOSSIL PHYLLOPOD GENERA, DIPELTIS AND PROTOCARIS, OF THE FAMILY APODID. By CHARLES SCHUCHERT. Assistant Curator, Department of Paleontology. THE GENUS Dipeltis was established by Professor A. S. Packard in 1885 on a specimen in the collection of Mr. R. D. Lacoe, “not satisfae- torily preserved, so that its exact relations are not readily determined - though it will be recognizable as a Cyclus-like form.” In the following year the same author gave a more extended description, with a figure of the type and a restoration of the dorsal side of the animal. Recently, better preserved specimens of D. diplodiscus have been found at Morris, Illinois—one by Mr. J. C. Carr, and another, a nearly perfect individual, by Mr. L. E. Daniels. All these fossils may be only sheddings, since they are more or less cracked along the median ridge of the head shield and the two large thoracic segments. An excellent specimen repre- senting a new species, which preserves the cercopoda and probably impressions of the anterior limbs, was found some years ago by Mr. J. C. Carr. It is now certain that Dipeltis has no direct relationship with Cyclus, nor is it a Xiphosuran, as supposed by Packard; also that the restora- tion by the latter author is quite faulty, and further that the family Dipeltide must be abandoned. The reason for these changes is that Dipeltis is closely related to Apus, as will be readily seen in Plate LVIII, figs. 2-6. Genus DIPELTIS, Packard (emend). Generic characters.—Head shield subovate or subtriangular, nearly smooth with two submarginal ocelli, and a pair of close-set eyes anterior to the middle. Lateral angles acute in the adolescent stage, becoming less so with maturity. Head shield not extended in one piece over the abdomen, as in other Apodidie, but followed by two very large thoracic segments, which at maturity have the lateral portions much extended posteriorly, but less so in young specimens. Abdomen with from six to nine segments. The telson, or anal segment (seventh in D. carri, tenth in D. diplodiscus), is more or less wide, and bears laterally two slender cercopoda, or cirri. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XIX—No. 1117. a v4 Giz ON DIPELTIS AND PROTOCARIS—SCH UCHERT. _ VOL. XIX, Type.—D. diplodiscus, Packard. Dipeltis differs conspicuously from Apus and Lepidurus in its nar- rower head shield followed by two large thoracic segments. If these three parts in Dipeltis were united into one, there would result a ceph- alon in general form very much like that of Lepidurus. The small number of abdominal segments is another conspicuous difference as compared with the recent genera. At first sight, Dipeltis might not be regarded as a member of the Apodide, because of the two peculiar, and disproportionately large, seg- ments back of the cephalon. The presence, however, of long cercopoda and a wide anal segment, the position of the eyes, and the Apus-like head shield are all characters of this family. The few and wide abdomi- nal segments are not unlike those of Lepidurus, On the other hand, the very suggestive theory may be advanced that the cephalon and the two large body segments of Dipeltis may represent a mature condition of a stage in the development of Limulus, since the cephalothorax of this genus 1s composed of seven segments, five belonging to the head and two to the thorax. Against this view the fact may be urged that no pre-Carboniferous members of the Hemiaspide, ancestors of Limu- lus, Show any near relationship to Dipeltis. The abdomen of the latter has from seven to ten segments, and the anal piece with its two long cercopoda is in complete harmony with the Apodide and wholly unlike Limulus. The nature of the waters in which Dipeltis lived was marine. These animal remains are found in nodules, associated with Prestiwichia, Hurypterus, malacostracous, schizopod, and decapod crustaceans, arachnids, insects, Aviculopecten, and Solenomya, aud numerous ferns. This evidence indicates that the waters in which the rocks of Mazon Creek were deposited were neither fresh nor brackish, but marine (probably estuarine), and into these the plants and insects have been blown or washed from the not far distant land. DIPELTIS DIPLODISCUS, Packard. (Plate LVIII, figs. 2-5.) Dipeltis diplodiseus, PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1885, p. 293; Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., III, Pt. 2, p. 145, pl. v, figs. 2, 2a. ae Head shield twice or more than twice as broad as long. In the adolescent stage, it is somewhat drawn out posteriorly at the sides, but these extensions disappear with maturity. Upon the head shield there is amore or less sharply elevated median carina, which is also present on the two large thoracic segments. On each side of this ridge, imme- diately within the anterior edge, are situated two small shallow pits, which are interpreted as ocelli, and posterior to these are two faintly preserved eye spots. Cephalon nearly smooth with faint ridges, as shown in Fig. 3, . No.1117, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 673 The thorax has two, smooth, disproportionately large, unconsolidated segments, both of which at maturity are greatly excavated posteriorly. These two segments are followed by nine smaller abdominal ones, each of which bears medially a parallel series of linear ridges. These ridges are most prominent posteriorly, and terminate on the lateral extensions of the ninth segment. The tenth, or anal segment, is imperfect. It is grooved medially, and probably had two slender lateral cercopoda, as in D. carri. Length of smallest specimen, not including the cercopoda, 11 mm.; greatest width,8 mm. Length of largest specimen, which lacks the small abdominal segments, 23 mm.; width across the large anterior seg- ments, 19 mm. Formation and locality—In Lower Coal Measure nodules, near Morris, Illinois. Three specimens are known: One, the type, is in the collee- tion of Mr. R. D. Lacoe; another was found by Mr. J. C. Carr, and a third, the most perfect example, by Mr. L. E. Daniels. Specimen No. 25713, U.S.N.M. DIPLODISCUS CARRI, new species. (Plate LVIII, fig. 6.) This species is associated with D. diplodiscus. It differsin being con- siderably narrower, and in having but seven small abdominal segments, three less than in the latter form. Moreover, the segments are broader, and posteriorly do not taper so rapidly, as in D. diplodiscus. The anal segment, as far as can be seen, is very wide, deeply grooved, and bears two long, slender cercopoda. These are marked by widely separated transverse lines. The specimen exposes the dorsal side, but is crushed in along the center through the two large thoracic segments and the head shield. The drawing shows the detail as observed, but the ventral structure can not be made out beyond the fact that the head bears a series of diverging furrows, probably corresponding to five pairs of limbs. Greatest length not including the cercopoda, 17 mm.; greatest width, 9 mm. Formation and locality.—A single specimen of this species was found by My. J. C. Carr, near Morris, Hlinois. The writer takes pleasure in naming the species after its discoverer, in recognition of his intelligent and persistent efforts for many years to unearth the fossil treasures of Mazon Creek. PROTOCARIS, Walcott. (Plate LVIII, fig. 1.) Protocaris, WALCOTT, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 10, i884, p. 50, pl. x, fig. 1; Ibid., No. 30, 1886, p. 147, pl. xv, fig. 1. Generic characters.—Carapace large, smooth, subquadrangular in vutline, posteriorly much extended over the abdomen, slightly exca vated medially along the anterior margin and more deeply posteriorly; mar- Proc. N. M. vol. xix——43 674 ON DIPELTIS AND PROTOCARIS—SCHUCHERT. VOL. XIX. gins somewhat thickened; just within the anterior margin, two large nearly circular depressions appear to be present, which may represent eyes. Abdomen tapering slightly, with thirty short, equally broad segments back of the carapace, and a wide anal segment. Cercopoda not long and comparatively thick. Type.—P. marshii, Walcott. (No. 15400 U.S.N.M.) The writer is unable to add much to the structure of Protocaris as worked out by Mr. Walcott. The obverse and reverse sides of the only specimen show that the abdomen continued beneath the cephalon, as in Apus. Therefore many more than thirty segments were present in P. marshii. The cercopoda are shorter and thicker than in Apus or Lepidurus. That eyes are present is not certain, but faint markings exist as indicated in Fig. 1. Theoretically it is probable that eyes are present on the dorsal surface and near the anterior margin of Protoca- ris The reasons for this are: (1) In the development of trilobites the eyes are known to pass from the ventral to the dorsal side; (2) the outogeny of Apus shows a similar transposition; (3) in the Lower Cam- brian nearly all trilobites associated with Protocaris have eyes on the dorsal surface; (4) Protocaris is clearly one of the Apodidie, and in this family the eyes are never much removed from the anterior margin. Therefore it is not to be expected that at the very base of the Cambrian the eyes of Protocaris would have traveled much back of the anterior margin; (0) in Dipeltis of the Carboniferous the eyes are situated as in recent species of the Apodidie. Protocaris is a synthetic type, as might be expected of animals oecur- ring at the base of the known fossil-bearing strata. Regarding this fossil, Walcott stated that ‘this is probably the oldest Phyllopod crus- tacean known, and that this animal is Apus-like.” The numerously segmented abdomen, the presence of cercopoda and a wide anal seg- ment, or telson, and the posterior extension of the carapace over the — abdomen clearly indicate that Protocaris is nearly related to the A pod- | ide. On the other hand, the subquadrangular shield of this genus is quite unlike that in any member of the Apodide, and its anterior exea- vated margin recalls certain Ceratiocaride, as Ceratiocaris, Dithyrocaris, and Argas. Protocaris differs, however, from these Phyllocarida in its Apus-like abdomen. Since writing the above it has been learned that Clarke and Bernard have reached similar conclusions. The former states: Another very early univalved species, not unlike Nebalia, but wonderfully similar to the living Phyllopod Apus, is the Protocaris marshii, Waleott. * * * The single examp!le of Protocaris known, has probably been subjected to some horizontal dis- tortion in the shale, giving the carapace a disproportionate size with reference to Apus, possibly also serving to obliterate any external evidence of ocular nodes which may have existed, but the remarkable closeness in the form of the abdominal seg- ments, the degree of segmentation, and the single strong pair of caudal processes, render it highly probable that in Protocaris, we have to do with an apudiform phyl- lopod rather than with a nebalioid phylocarid.! 'On the structure of the carapace in the Devonian crustacean Phinocaris, by J. M. Clarke, Amer. Nat., 1893, p. 799. 4 pat NO. 1117. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 675 Bernard writes ‘‘that animals piace Panne Ane were extant in Sani eet times we now know forcertain * * * from the remarkable Cambrian Protocaris marshii, which apparently possessed the same peculiar characters of the posterior segmentation as dpus, and which I should like to call Apus marshii.’”! The fauna in which Protocaris occurs in Georgia, Vermont, is entirely marine, and is associated with characteristic Lower Cambrian trilo- bites and brachiopods. GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE APODID A, Living Apodidie, although rare, are, however, widely distributed over the continents, generally in fresh-water ponds and pools. Three or four days suffice to develop the nauplius from the egg, which may have lain buried in mud from the previous season. Fossil Apodidie are occasionally discovered in fresh-water Tertiary deposits, and before the true systematic position of Dipeltis and Proto- caris was known, no members of this family were believed to exist earlier than the Triassic. Salter? mentions a true Apus from the Triassic of Europe. Zittel, in his Handbuch der Paleontologie, says that Prest- wich described Anns dubius from the Coal Measures of England. From Doctor Charles E. Beecher, the writer learns that ‘A. dubius seems to be an abdominal segment or plate of some eurypterid.” In Dipeltis the family is represented in the Upper Carboniferous, and, although the carapace of Protocaris is not entirely Apus-like, there is not much doubt that the genus belongs in the Apodide. The history of the family therefore, extends throughout the time represented by the entire known fossil-bearing rocks, as Protocaris occurs at the base of the Lower Cambrian. Since the Apodide are generally believed to be of late introduction geologically, the family has been regarded as a highly specialized group, by Salter and Packard. The latter writes: In conclusion, therefore, we consider the Phyllopods as a whole, especially the Apodide and Branchipode, to be a comparatively recent, highly specialized group, which were developed under exceptional biological conditions in bodies of fresh water, and which, as in Apus, show that this branch of the Crustacean genealogical tree has culminated. The irrelative repetition of the segments and appendages (in Apus) gives evidence that the type, so far from being ancestral, is one compara- tively modern, specialized, and fully worked out. * In his studies of the Apodidie, Bernard also recognizes the imper- fection of the geological history of the family, but for reasons given, mainly anatomical, concludes that ‘‘Apus is a very ancient form in spite of the deficiency in its own geological record.”* In a later paper,’ he states that Protocaris marshii might be called Apus marshii, thus recognizing the great geological age of the Apodide. Protocaris and Dipeltis inhabited marine waters, while all recent species are denizens of fresh waters, generally of Benge and pools. aouaut Tee: Geol. Soc. Lond., L, 1894, p. 413. 2Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. Lond., XIX, 1863, pp. 87-92. 3 Twelfth Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Pt. 1, 1883, p. 419. 4+’The Apodide. A morphological study. Nataae series, 1892, p. 182. > Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. Lond., L. 1844, p. 413. 676 ON DIPELTIS AND PROTOCARIS—SCHUCHERT. VOL. XIX. CLASSIFICATION. Family APODIDAE, Burmeister (emend after Packard). “ifead and body in front broad and flat, shovel-shaped or subquad- rate; carapace broad and flat [usually followed by a cylindrical body or rarely by two large thoracic segments]; the body cylindrical, few or numerous segments extending beyond the carapace; antenne small, second pair minute, sometimes wanting; labrum large, broad, flat; feet numerous, usually 63 pairs; with a large coxal, maxilla-like basal lobe forming gnathites; beyond five subjointed endites; the 2-4 endites in first pair of feet very long and slender, especially the fifth; gill pear- shaped or bottle-shaped; flabellum triangular, simple; the fifth endite ‘of the first pair of legs is sometimes nearly as long as the body, the eleventh pair bearing egg sacs, and in the male having the genital outlet. Behind the eleventh pair two of the abdominal segments bear each six pairs of appendages, there being many more appendages than segments to the abdomen, while a variable number at the end are without appendages. Telson cylindrical, either short or ending (in Lepidurus) in a long paddle-like outgrowth. 5.30 | 1.90] 1.28] 1.30 . 67 117774-- Male ...| Plainssouthwestof Kil- | May 10 6,25 Qh al 154) 2349 .78 imanjaro, Africa. 117775 | Female .|..... OD" Sha ceis Sean toes fects goee-: 6.10 2.17 dy 1.45 rind The name Anas brevipennis, of “Lichtenstein, may possibly refer to this species, but I am not aware that any description was ever published. ] , y I l 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, No. 1079, p. 524. No. 1118. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 679 6. NETTAPUS AURITUS (Boddaert). | Anas aurita, BODDAERT, Tabl. Plan. Enlum., 1783, p. 48. (Madagascar. ) | N[ettapus] auritus, G. R. GRAY, List Gen. Birds, 1840, p. 73. | Three specimens. Male adult, River Sakalés, east coast, May 13. | K : S : Two specimens. Female adult, same locality, May 15. Family SCOPID. 7. SCOPUS UMBRETTA, Gmelin. [Scopus] umbretta, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, Pt. 2, 1788, p. 618. (Africa.) Two specimens. Female adult, River Faraony, east coast, June 5. Female adult, Ambodiasy, River Faraony, June 12. Family ARDEID 2. 8. BUTORIDES ATRICAPILLA (Afzelius). Ardea atricapilla, AFZELIUS, Vet. Acad. Handl., 1804, p. 264. (Sierra Leone.) [ Butorides] atricapilla, BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, II, 1855, p. 129. Three specimens. Femaleimmature, Mahanoro, May 3. Male imma- ture, Loholoka, east coast, June 24. Female adult, Mananjara, July 3. 9. DEMIGRETTA GULARIS (Bosc). Ardea gularis, Bosc, Actes Soe. Hist. Nat. Paris, I, 1792, p. 4. D{[emiegretta] gularis, WALDEN, Ibis, 1875, p. 320. One specimen. Male adult, River Namorona, east coast, June 25. 13. ARDEOLA RALLOIDES (Scopoli). Ardea ralloides, Scopout, Ann. I. Hist. Nat., 1769, p. 88. [Ardeola] ralloides, Bore, Isis, 1822, p. 559. One specimen. Male immature, Mananjara, July 4. 11, BUBULCUS IBIS (Linnzus). [Ardea] ibis, Linnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 144. (Egypt.) [ Bubulcus] ibis, BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, IT, 1855, p. 125. One specimen. Maleadult, Ambodinivongo, Ankay Valley, March 29. 12. ARDEA CINEREA, Linnezus. [Ardea] cinerea, LINN=US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 143. (urope.) One specimen. Male adult, Vohimaso, River Faraony, east coast, June 23. ‘ Length, 43 inches.” 13. ARDEA PURPUREA, Linneus. [Ardea] purpurea, LINN=UusS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 236. Two specimens. Immature, River Sakalés, east coast, May 15. Fe- male immature, Marohita, east coast, June 2. ‘“ Length, 385 inches; 680 ‘SOME NEW BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—RICHMOND. VOoL.x1x. bill black above, greenish yellow beneath; feet, tarsi, and upper sur- face of toes black; tarsi behind and under surface of toes greenish yellow; irides yellow.” 14. HERODIAS INTERMEDIA (Wagler). A[rdea] intermedia, WAGLER, Isis, 1829, p. 659. (Java.) H{erodias| intermedia, BLy TH, Cat. Birds Mus. Asiat. Soc., 1849, p. 279. One specimen. Female adult, River Faraony, east coast, June 6. Family RALLID ZS. 15. RALLUS CUVIERI, Pucheran. Rallus cuvieri, PUCHERAN, Rey. et Mag. Zool., 1845, p. 279. Two specimens. Female aduit, River Sakalés, east coast, May 13. “Length, 13 inches.” Male adult, Marohita, east coast, June 27. “ Bill dull black, base of lower mandible livid purple; feet blackish brown; irides chestnut brown; length, 133 inches; extent, 19 inches.” 16. PORPHYRIO PORPHYRIO (Linnzus). [Fulica] porphyrio, LINN&ZUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 152. Porphyrio porphyrio, SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, p. 195. Two specimens. Female adult, River Sakalés, east coast, May 15. Female adult, Marohita, east coast, June 26. 17. GALLINULA PYRRHORRHOA, A. Newton. Gallinula pyrrhorrhoa, A. NEWTON, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 19. (Maur- itius. ) Two specimens. Male, adult, Mahanoro, April 26. Male adult, River Sakalés, east coast, May 13. Family RECURVIROSTRID&E. 18. HIMANTOPUS HIMANTOPUS (Linnzus). [Charadrius] himantopus, LINN US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p.151. (Southern Europe. ) *¢ Himantopus himantopus, BRUSINA.” Three specimens. Male adult, River Faraony, east coast, June 6. Female adult, same date and locality. Male adult, same locality, June 24. The tarsus in these examples appears to be a trifle shorter than in northern birds. Family CHARADRIID. 19. ZEGIALITIS BIFRONTATA (Cabanis). Charadrius (Aegialites) bifrontatus, CABANIS, Ornith. Centralbl., 1882, p. 14. (Madagasear. ) One specimen. Female adult, Vatomasa, River Faraony, east coast, June 24, “Bill fleshy at base, tip black; feet fleshy, claws black; irides pale brown; orbits bright red.” No. 1118. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 681 20. AEGIALITIS TENELLA (Hartlaub). Chl aradrius] tenellus, HARTLAUB, Fauna Madag., 1861, p. 72. (Madagascar. ) Agialitis tenellus, SHELLEY, Ibis, 1888, p. 305. Four specimens. Male adult,River Sakalés, May 13. Female adult, Mananjara, east coast, May 28. ‘Bill black; legs dusky flesh color; toes black.” Male adult, Mananjara, May 29. Male adult, Loh6loka, east coast, June 24. The legs and feet in these specimens are dark; not yellow, as shown in Seebohm’s plate.! 21. ZGIALITIS VARIA (Vieillot). Charadrius varius, VIEILLOT, Nouy. Dict.,.X XVII, 1818, p. 143. (Africa. ) Agialitis varius, HARTING, Ibis, 1873, p. 261. One specimen. Female adult, Loholoka, east coast, June 3. 22. ZZGIALITIS -THORACICA, Richmond. Agialitis thoracica, RICHMOND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X, 1896, p. 53 (March 14), (East coast Madagascar. ) Three specimens. Female adult, mouth of river Fanantara, east coast, May 18. Female adult, Loholoka, east coast, June 3. Two specimens. The description of this species is here repeated for the benefit of those who are unable to consult the original. Type-——Female adult, 151174, U.S.N.M., Loholoka, east coast of Madagascar, June 3, 1895. Doctor W. L. Abbott, collector. Crown, back, scapulars, tertials, and wing-coverts hair brown, the feathers edged with pale or deep buff, those of the greater wing-coverts edged and tipped with white; primaries, secondaries, rump, median upper tail coverts, and middle rectrices dark clove brown; shafts of pri- maries (including the third) with white on terminal half; primary coy- erts brownish black, tipped with white; lateral upper tail-coverts white; inner primaries narrowly bordered on inner web and tipped with white; base of outer webs white; secondaries tipped with white, which becomes broader toward the innermost. Forehead, lores, cheeks, throat, axil- lars, under wing coverts, sides of body, and flanks white; a line from upper mandible to lower anterior border of eye, continued posteriorly through and including ear-coverts, black, meeting a narrower black band extending across lower border of nape, and a broad black pec- toral band, the latter more extensive on sides of chest; an interocular erescent-Shaped black band borders the white forehead and separates it from a white line over eyes, ear-coverts, and passing across nape as a conspicuous nuchal band (leaving the dark crown patch entirely surrounded by a white ring, and the latter isolated from other white markings); a white band below the black pectoral one passes abruptly into cinnamon buff on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, that of the former extending up on sides of body to the black pectoral band, ‘Geogr. Distrib. Charad., pl. vu. 682 SOME NEW BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—RICHMOND. vou.x1x. intercepting the white. _ Three outer tail feathers white, with 1 more or less dusky markings, especially on the two inner ones; next inner pair (fourth) dusky, with white tips; fifth pair hair brown, becoming black subterminally, with a deep buff tip. Biull, legs, and feet black in dried skin. Wing, 4 inches; tail, 1.72; tarsus, 1.20; exposed culmen, 0.69. In another female the wing measures 4.20 inches. This species is apparently most nearly related to 2, varia of Africa and Madagasear, but differs from it mainly in the presence of a black pectoral band and the absence of a wholly black shaft in the third primary; the white line posterior to the black crescent between eyes is _ more pronounced, and the lesser wing-coverts and primary coverts are not decidedly blackish. There is also a slight difference in size. _E, thoracica has heretofore been identified with 2, varia by the French authors, the explanation being that the adults have a black chest band not present in the younger birds, but it is also admitted that black- chested birds have not been found in Africa. Both species are appar- ently found together on the east coast of Madagascar, where, at Loholoka, on June 3, Doctor Abbott obtained a specimen of each. Family JACANIDA. 23. PHYLLOPEZUS ALBINUCA (St. Hilaire). Pfarra] albinuca, Sv. H1ILAIrr, Mag. Zool., 1832, pl. vi. (Madagascar. ) [ Phyllopezus] albinucha, SHELLEY, Birds Africa, 1896, p. 187. Three specimens. Male adult, Mahanoro, April 26. Female adult, same locality and date. Two specimens. family PHASIANIDA. 24. MARGAROPERDIX MADAGARENSIS (Scopoli). Tetrao (madagarensis), Scopout, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr , Pt. 2, 1786, p. 93. [ Madagascar. } Margaroperdix madagascariensis, HARTERT, Kat. Mus. Senckenb., 1891, p. 195. Two specimens. Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 28. Male adult, 30 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 18. ‘Length, 102 inches.” 25. NUMIDA MITRATA, Pallas. Numida mitrata, PALLAS, Spic. Zool., I, Pt. 4, 1767, p. 18. One specimen. Male aduit, Mahanoro, May 30, Family TURNICIDA3. 26. TURNIX NIGRICOLLIS (Gmelin). [ Tetrao] nigricollis, GMELIN, Syst. , 1, bt. 2, 1788, p. 767. (Madagascar. ) Turnix nigricollis, VIEILLOT, Nouv. ae XXXV, 1819, p. oe our specimens. Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 27. Female adult, Mahanoro, May 1, 2. Two specimens. Female adult, Masomeloka, east coast, May 9. ee ee No. 1118. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 683 Family TRERONID®. 27. VINAGO AUSTRALIS (Linnzus). [Columba] australis, LINNZUS, Mantiss., 1771, p. 526. (Madagasear.) [Vinago] australis, CUviER, Regne Animal, I, 1817, p. 457. Four specimens. Female adult, Mahanoro, May 1. Male adult, Mananjara, east coast, May 19. “Ivrides blue, feet yellow.” Two specimens. Female adult, same locality and date. 28. ALECTRCENAS MADAGASCARIENSIS (Linnzus). [Columba] madagascariensis, LINN AUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 283. (Mada- gascar. ) Alectrenas madagascariensis, REICHENBACH, Syn. Av., Columbariz, 1847, p. 2. Two specimens. Male adult, valley of River Faraony, east coast, June 8. Male adult, Ambodiasy, valley of River Faraony, June 14. Family COLUMBID 48. 29. TURTUR PICTURATUS (Temminck). Columba picturata, TEMMINCK, Pig. et Gallin., I, 1813, pp.315, 480. (Ile de France.) Tl urtur] picturatus, BLYTH, Cat. Birds Mus. Asiat. Soc., 1849, p. 236. Six specimens. Female adult, Mahanoro, May 1, 2. Three speci- mens. Male adult, Mananjara, east coast, May 25. Male adult, Ambodiasy, valley of River Faraony, east coast, June 16, 20. Two Specimens. Family FALCONID 4. 30. MILVUS AEGYPTIUS (Gmelin). [ Falco] aegyptius, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, Pt. 1, 1788, p. 261. (Egypt.) Milvus egyptius, J. E. Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus., I, Aecipitres, 1848, p. 44. One specimen. Male adult, River Faraony, east coast, June 5. 31. ACCIPITER MADAGASCARIENSIS, Verreaux. Accipiter madagascariensis, J. VERREAUX, S. Afr. Q. Journ., 1833, p. 80. (Mada- gascar. ) One specimen. Female adult, valley of River Faraony, east coast, June 9. “Length,15} inches.” In this example the under tail coverts are barred. 32. ACCIPITER FRANCESII, Smith. Accipiter francesii, Smiru, 8S. Afr. Q. Journ., II, 1834, p. 280. (Madagascar. ) Five specimens. Female immature, River Faraony, east coast, June 4,7. Three specimens. Male immature, same locality, June 21. Fe- male immature, Vohimaso, River Faraony, June 22. “ Bill horn blue, tip black, cere greenish yellow; feet yellow, claws black; irides golden yellow; length, 124 inches.” 684 SOME NEW BIRDS FROM MADAGASC. i en VOL, XIX. All of these specimens | are in the immature plumage, with barred under parts, but there is much individual variation shown among them. Two, a male and female, are apparently younger than the others, and have a fulvons tinge on the light markings of the under parts, inner webs of tail feathers, and under side of wings; the throat pale buff, with longitudinal spots and streaks of dark brown, instead of white with fine gray transverse bars. The bars on the under parts of these younger birds are also broader, browner, and with wider interspaces than in the others; the upper parts are browner, without any slate color on the head. There is also a superciliary stripe of mixed buff and brown. 33. BUTEO BRACHYPTERUS, Hartlaub. B[uteo] brachypterus ‘‘v. Pelz.,” HARTLAUB, Fauna Madag., 1861, p.15. (Madagascar. ) Four specimens. Female adult, 80 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 5. “Length, 194 inches. Crop contained a rat.” Male adult, Namorona, east coast, June 3. Female adult, River Faraony, east coast, June 5. Male adult, same locality, June 6. 34. FALCO MINOR, Bonaparte. Falco minor, BONAPARTE, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1850, p. 484. (Cape of Good Hope.) Two specimens. Male adult, Ambodivongo, Ankay, March 30. Female adult, Marohita, near Mananjara, east coast, June 27. “ Bill horny black at tip; base of lower mandible greenish yellow; cere greenish yellow; feet lemon yellow, claws black; irides dark brown; length. 194 inches.” Captain Shelley does not include Madagascar in the range of this species, although it has been recorded from there on more than one occasion. 35 FALCO NEWTONI (Gurney). Tinnunculus newtoni, GURNEY, Ibis, 1863, p. 34. (Madagascar.) Falco newtoni, SCHLEGEL, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 420. Five specimens. Male adult, Antananarivo, February 8 (rufous phase). Female adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 25. ‘ Length, 11} inches.” Female adult, same loenling March 26. . Female imma- ture, Ambodivongo, Ankay Valley, March 30. ‘Length, 11} inches.” Female adult, 60 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 12 (rufous phase). No two of these specimens are exactly alike, but one pair are in the rufous and the others in the light phase. Of the latter, two appear to be fully adult, while the third is an immature bird, with broad black bars on the back, buffy tips on the primaries, secondaries, greater wing- coverts, and primary coverts; upper tail-coverts barred with rufous and black; under parts, nape, and sides of head tinged with light ful- vous. It is beginning to molt, and two or three gray and black feathers appear on the upper tail-coverts; on the back a few dark rufous feathers, with small black shaft spots, are replacing the broad- : a < no, 1118. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 685 barred feathers of the worn plumage. From an inspection of this series it is difficult to believe the dark rufous phase represents the immature birds, and the light one adults; I am inclined, on the other hand, to think that this species has two phases of plumage, independ- ent of age, sex, or season; a dark rufous one, and a light one with whitish under parts, with white, spotted under wing-coverts. 36. POLYBOROIDES RADIATUS (Scopoli). Vultur (radiatus), Scopout, Del. Faun. et Flor. Insubr., II, 1786, p. 85. (Mada- gascar.) P(olyboroides] radiatus, G. R. Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, p. 5. Five specimens. Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 29, Female adult, 60 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 5. Male imma- ture, Mahanoro, May 1. Female immature, Ambodiasy, River Faraony, June 12. Male adult, River Faraony, east coast, June 21. Family STRIGID 4, 37. STRIX ALUCO, Linnzus. [Strix] aluco, LINN&XUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 93. (Europe.) One specimen. Male adult, River Faraony, east coast, June 21. Not typical S. aluco, but just what name it should bear I am not now able to say. Family PSITTACID &. 38. CORACOPSIS VASA (Shaw). Psittacus vasa, SHAW, Gen. Zool., VIII, Pt. 2, 1811, p. 528. [Madagascar. ] CLoracopsis] vasa, BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 7. Three specimens. Female adult, Mangoro River, April 2. Male adult, valley of River Faraony, east coast, June 9. ‘Length, 193 inches.” Female adult, Ambodiasy, valley of Faraony, June 20. 39. CORACOPSIS NIGRA (Linnzus). [ Psittacus] niger, LINN&ZUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 99. (Madagascar. ) Cloracopsis] nigra, WAGLER, Monogr. Psitt., 1832, p. 680. Four specimens. Male adult, Mahatsara, River Mangoro, April 1. Male adult, 50 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 18. Female adult, River Sakalés, east coast, May 16. Female adult, Ambodiasy, valley of Faraony, June 15. 40. AGAPORNIS MADAGASCARIENSIS (Boddaert). Psittacula madagascariensis, BODDAERT (ex BRIssON), Tabl. Plan. Enlum., 1783, p. 49. (Madagascar. ) Agapornis madagascariensis, SIBREF, Ibis, 1891, p. 214. Three specimens. Female adult, 60 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 12. Male adult, Mahanoro, May 1. Female adult, Mahanoro, May 2. 686 SOME NEW BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—RICHMOND, Vou.xix. | SS 4 Family CUCULIDZ. 41. CUCULUS ROCHII, Hartlaub. Cuculus rochii, HARTLAUB, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 224. (Madagasear.) One specimen. Male immature, 50 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 16. 42. CENTROPUS TOULOU (Muller). Cuculus toulou, MULLER, Syst. Nat., Suppl., 1776, p.90. (Madagascar. ) Centropus tolu, ILLIGER, Abhandl. k. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1816, p. 224. Four specimens. Male immature, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 26. “Length, 164 inches; irides brown.” Male adult, 50 miles north- west of Mahanoro, April14. Female adult, Mahanoro, May 1. Female adult, Mananjara, July 3. 43. COUA CAERULEA (Linnzus). [Cuculus] ceruleus, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p.171. (Madagascar.) C[oua] cerulea, G. R. GRAY, Gen. Birds, IT, 1846, p. 454. Three specimens. Male adult, 60 miJes northwest of Mahanoro, April 6. Male adult, same locality, April 12. Female adult, Ambodiasy, | valley of Faraony, June 20. 44. COUA REYNAUDII, Pucheran. | Coua reynaudii, PUCHERAN, Rey. Zool., 1845, p. 51. One specimen. Male adult, 80 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 5. 45. COUA CRISTATA (Linnzus). | Cuculus] cristatus, LINNaus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p.171. (Madagascar.) C[oua] cristata, G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds, IT, 1846, p. 454. Two specimens. Male adult, Mahanoro, May 9. Male adult, River Sakalés, east coast, May 16. Family CAPRIMULGID2. 46. CAPRIMULGUS MADAGASCARIENSIS, Sganzin. Caprimulgus madagascariensis, SGANZIN, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Strasb., 1840, p. 28. (Madagascar. ) Three specimens. Male adult, Mananjara, east coast, May 26. Fe- male adult, same locality and date. Immature, Ambodiasy, valley of Faraony, east coast, June 13. Family CORACITID 2. 47. EURYSTOMUS GLAUCURUS (Miller). Coracias glaucurus, MULLER, Syst. Nat., Suppl., 1776, p. 86. (Madagascar.) [ Eurystomus] glaucurus, G. R. Gray, Hand-list Birds, I, 1869, p. 76. Two specimens. Female adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 27; 4,500 feet. Female adult, 60 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 11. 3 ? No. 1118. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 687 Family LEPTOSOMATID ©. 48. LEPTOSOMUS DISCOLOR (Hermann). Cuculus discolor, HERMANN, Tabl. Affin. Anim., 1777, p. 186. (Madagascar. ) L[eptosomus] discolor, CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., LV, Pt. 1, 1862, p.57. One specimen. Female adult, 60 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 11. Family MEROPID™®. 49. MEROPS SUPERCILIOSUS, Linnzus. [Merops] superciliosus, LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 183. (Mada- gascar. ) Two specimens. Male adult, 50 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 3. ‘Bill black; irides dark red; length, 10? inches.” Female adult, Mahanoro, May 1. Family ALCEDINID. 50. CORYTHORNIS CRISTATA (Linnzus). [ Alcedo] cristata, LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 178. [Madagascar. ] Corythornis cristata, SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 398. Four specimens. Female adult, Mahanoro, April 26. Male adult. Mananjara, east coast, July 3. Three specimens. Family MICROPODID 2. 51. TACHORNIS GRACILIS (Sharpe). Cypselus gracilis, SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p.315. (Madagascar. ) Tachornis gracilis, HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, p. 464. Three specimens. Male immature, Mahanoro, May 7. Male adult, Masomeloka, May 9. Two specimens. Family PHILEPITTIDA. 52. PHILEPITTA CASTANEA (Miller). Turdus castaneus, MULLER, Syst. Nat., Suppl., 1776, p. 148. (Madagascar. ) [Philepitta] castanea, G. R. Gray, Hand-list Birds, I, 1869, p. 297. Two specimens. Male immature, River Mangoro, April 2. Male adult, Ambodiasy, valley of Faraony, June 17. The latter is in slightly worn dress, velvety black, with yellow edges to the feathers of lower breast, abdomen, rump, and crown, with traces on tertiaries, wing-coverts, and some other parts of the plumage. The fleshy lobes are well developed. In the specimen called immature male, the plumage is fresh, and the molt not quite completed. The color is velvety black, but almost every feather on the bird is more or less strongly edged with yellow, this so marked on the abdomen as to almost eutirely obscure the black. There are no prominent fleshy 688 SOME NEW BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—RICHMOND, — vou.x1x. lobes, but a close examination reveals the anterior and posterior horns making their appearance. Scattered over the upper back, head, and sides of neck are a few worn olive-green feathers not yet molted, and two secondaries in each wing are olive-green, similar to those of the female. Another adult male in very worn plumage, in the National Museum collection, shot in January, is practically black, with very slight traces of yellow edges on the feathers of the forehead, under wing-coverts, and sides of body. With these three males before me I would argue that the yellow tips or edges of the feathers are not signs ef immaturity, as supposed by Doctors Sclater, Sharpe, and others. Unless Philepitta is very extraordinary in its manner of molting we would expect the changes to be about as follows: First a nestling plumage, succeeded, in the case of the male, by a plumage very much like, if not identical with, that of the female. This would be the immature plumage. At the next molt the adult black livery would be assumed, all the feathers edged with yellow, and the fleshy orna- ments over the eyes would put forth. As the plumage becomes worn, and the yellow edges disappear to a great extent, we have the “adult” plumage. According to this theory we would find the old birds in “immature” plumage immediately after every succeeding molt. I should like to see adult birds in molting condition, with new feathers lacking the yellow edges. Family ALAU DID. 53. MIRAFRA HOVA, Hartlaub. U[iraffra] hova, HARTLAUB, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, p. 106. (St. Augustin Bay, Mada- gascar. ) Three specimens. Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 26, 27. Two specimens. Male young, Loholoka, east coast, June 24. ] 3 S> ’ ’ Family MOTACILLID2. 54. MOTACILLA FLAVIVENTRIS, Hartlaub. M[otacilla] flaviventris, HARTLAUB (ec VERREAUX), Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, p. 94. (Madagascar. ) Two specimens. Temale adult, Mahanoro, April 29. Male adult, Loholoka, east coast, June 24, Family TIMALIID 2. SO: COPSYCHUS INEXSPECTATUS, new species. Type.—Male adult, No. 151279, U.S.N.M., mouth of River Fanantara, east coast of Madagascar, May 18, 1895; Doctor W. L. Abbott, collector. Upper parts, chin, throat, breast, and sides of body, glossy blue black; abdomen and under tail-coverts pure white; thighs black, the feathers tipped with white; tail and wings black, with a slight greenish gloss, No. 1118. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 689 the feathers narrowly edged on outer webs with glossy blue black ; outer lesser and middle wing-coverts glossy blue black; greater wing- coverts and primary coverts black, with a greenish gloss; inner wing- coverts white, forming a prominent white patch; innermost secondary conspicuously edged with white on outer web; under wing-coverts and axillaries mottled black and white; edge of wing glossy blue black; legs and feet dark plumbeous (in dried skin), claws lighter. Wing, 2.82 inches; tail, 2.65; tarsus, 1.05; culmen, 0.60. The female seems to differ from the description of C. albo-specularis, mainly in having the chin and breast gray, like the throat. The gray of chin and throat is somewhat lighter than that of the breast; the abdomen is white. Doctor Abbott notes on the label of one of the females, ‘bill black; feet leaden blue.” This species is doubtless closely related to C. albo-specularis, but the pure white abdomen and under tail-coverts of the male will at once distinguish it from that species. Of the three males sent, the type only is fully adult. One of the others is nearly so; its wings are black with- out any brownish edging, but the sides of body are sooty gray, with a blackish wash pervading the feathers; the under tail-coverts and a few feathers of the sides are fulvous. The rest of the plumage is exactly that of the adult. The remaining male is still younger; the sides are lighter, brownish gray; the wing feathers are dark brown, with broad russet edgings on the outer webs of some of the primaries, and narrower, brownish edg- ings on the rest of the wing feathers; the glossy feathers of the rump are tipped with rusty; the tail feathers are brownish black. In other respects this example is like the adult. In the only two examples of C. albo-specularis accessible to me, both males, the plumage is apparently not quite adult; the feathers on the abdomen, wings, tail, and under tail-coverts are more or less tipped or edged with rusty brown, evidently a sign of immaturity, but there is no white on the abdomen, which, in the species just described, is as prominent and extensive in the immature as in the adult. The localities represented by the five specimens sent by Doctor Abbott are: Mouth of river Fanantara and Mahela; Mananjara; and Awbodiasy, valley of the Faraony, all on the east coast. To those who recognize Gervaisia as a genus, the species will of course Stand as Gervaisia inexspectata. 56. HYPSIPETES MADAGASCARIENSIS (Miiller). Turdus madagascariensis, MULLER, Syst. Nat., Suppl., 1776, p. 189. (Madagascar. ) Hypsipetes madagascariensis, SCHLEGEL, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 422. Three specimens. Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 26, “Length, 92inches.” Female adult, same locality and date. ‘Length, 94 inches.” Female adult, 40 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 17, Proc. N. M. vol: x 44 690 SOME NEW BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—RICHMOND. Vou. xix. 57. TYLAS EDUARDI, Hartlaub. Tylas eduardi, HARTLAUB, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p.152. (Madagascar.) Two specimens. Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 26. Male immature, same locality, March 27. “Bill black; irides pale yellow brown.” The adult has a white chest and under tail-coverts, and the rest of the under parts are so pale, with a normally colored feather bere and there, that a little bleaching would transform it into a typical T. alfredi, The mantle is quite bluish slate. The other specimen is a true 7. eduardi. and was obtained at the same place a day later. 58. BERNIERIA MADAGASCARIENSIS (Gmelin). [ Muscicapa] madagascariensis, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, Pt. 2, 1788, p.940. (Mada- gascar. ) Blernieria| madagascariensis, HARTLAUB, Fauna Madag., 1861, p.53. One specimen. Female adult, 80 miles northwestof Mahanoro, April 5. 59. BERNIERIA ZOSTEROPS, Sharpe. Bernieria zosterops, SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p.76. (Central Mada- gascar. ) Twospecimeps. Male adult, 60 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 6. Family MUSCICAPID&. 60. PRATINCOLA SIBILLA (Linnzus). [ Motacilla] sibilla, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, 1766, p.337. (Madagascar. ) [ Pratincola] sybilla, BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium., I, 1850, p. 304. Three specimens. Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 25, 27; 4,500 feet. Twospecimens. Female adult, same locality, March 25. 61. NEWTONIA BRUNNEICAUDA (A. Newton). Erythrosterna (?) brunneicauda, A. NEwTON, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 180. (Near Fenerive, Madagascar. Newtonia brunneicauda, SCHLEGEL, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 422. Five specimens. Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 26. Male adult, 80 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 5. Female adult, 60 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 6. Female adult, River Sakalés, east coast, May 16. Male adult, Ambodiasy, valley of Faraony, east coast, June 13. ‘ Bill black; feet fleshy brown; irides pale yellow white.” These specimens are all N. brunneicauda, but I find a specimen of Reichenow’s recently described N. amphichroa in the United States National Museum, collected by Reverend W. Dean Cowan, at Ankafana, March 8, 1881. Doctor J, Biittikofer appears to have redescribed this latter species under the name Newtonia olivacea.! ' Notes Leyden Mus., XVIII p. 199., in ee ee ee A chew telah ss it fet AP SE ofr eres Aa Re ee ee ee eee No. 1118. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 691 62. TERPSIPHONE MUTATA (Linnezus). [Muscicapa] mutata, LINN. HUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 325. (Madagascar. ) Terpsiphone mutata, FINSCH and HARTLAUB, Vog. Ostafr., 1870, p. 306. Four specimens. Male immature, Ambodivongo, Ankay Valley, March 30. Male adult, Mahanoro, May 9. Male immature, Mananjara, east coast, May 28. Femaleadult, Ambodiasy, valley of Faraony, east coast, June 14. Family TURDID®. 63. ELLISIA TYPICA, Hartlaub. E[lisia] typica, HARTLAUB, Jour. fiir Orn., 1860, p.92. (Madagascar. ) Five specimens. Female adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 27. Female adult, Ambodivongo, Ankay, March 380. Male adult, same local- ity and date. Female adult, 60 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 7, ‘Feet leaden; irides brown; upper mandible black; lower mandible pale brownish flesh; length, 7 inches.” Female, river Sakalés, east coast, May 14. 64. EROESSA TENELLA, Hartlaub. Eroessa tenella, HARTLAUB, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 219. (Madagascar. ) Three specimens. Female adult, Mahanoro, April 29. Male adult, river Sakalés, east coast, May 11. Adult, same locality and date. 65. EROESSA VIRIDIS, Sharpe. Eroessa viridis, SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VII, 1883, p. 152. (Ankafana, Bet- sileo, Madagascar. ) One specimen. Adult, Mahatsara, River Mangoro, April 3. ] ; ; ) 66. CISTICOLA CHERINA (Smith). Drymoica cherina, Smiru, Illus. Zool. S. Afr., Aves, 1843, pl. Lxxvu, fig. 2. [ Madagascar. ] Cisticola cherina, SHARPE, Layard’s Birds S. Afr., 2d ed., 1876, p. 278. Five specimens. Iemale immature, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 25; 4,800 feet. Male adult, same locality and date. Female adult, same locality and date. Female immature, same locality and date. Female adult, Faraony River, east coast, June 5, Family HIRUNDINID2. 67. CLIVICOLA COWANI (Sharpe). Cotile cowani, SHARPE, Jour. Linn. Soc., Zool., XVI, 1882, p. 322. (Ankafana, Betsileo, southeast, Madagascar. ) Two specimens. Female adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 28, Female immature, Mahatsara, River Mangoro, April 1. 692 SOME NEW BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—RICHMOND, vou. xix. Family CAMPEPHAGID. 68. GRAUCALUS CINEREUS (Miiller). Muscicapa cinerea, MULLER, Syst. Nat., Suppl., 1776, p. 171. (Madagascar.) Graucalus cinereus, SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., IV, 1879, p. 28. Three specimens. Female adult, 50 miles northwest of Mahan- oro, April 13. Male adult, same locality, April 14. Female? adult, Mahanoro, May 3. Family DICRURIDZ. 69. DICRURUS FORFICATUS (Linnzus). [ Lanius] forficatus, LINN ©Us, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 134. (Madagascar.) Diferurus] forficatus, STEPHENS, Gen. Zool., XIII, Pt. 2, 1825, p. 138. Three specimens. Female adult, 50 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 13. Male immature, 40 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 17. Male adult, Ambodiasy, valley of Faraony, east coast, June 20. Family LAND. 70. XENOPIROSTRIS POLLENI (Schlegel and Pollen). Vanga polleni, SCHLEGEL and POLLEN, Faun. Madag., 1868, p.174. (Madagascar.) Xenopirostris polleni, HARTLAUB, Vég. Madag., 1877, p. 193. Two specimens. Male adult, Mahanoro, May 1. Male adult, River Sakalés, May 16. ‘“ Betsimisarka name Angdvosika.” 71. VANGA CURVIROSTRIS (Linnzus). [Lanius] curvirostris, LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 135. (Madagascar.) [ Vanga curvirostris], CUVIER, Régne Anim., I, 1817, p. 339. Two specimens. Female adult, Ambodiasy, valley of Faraon } 3 J) 9 June 17. Male adult, Marohita, near Mananjara, east coast, June 27. 72. ARTAMIA LEUCOCEPHALA (Gmelin). [Lanius] lewcocephalos, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, Pt. 1, 1788, p. 307. (Madagascar. ) [Artamia leucocephala|, LAFRESNAYE, Dict. Univ., II, 1848, p. 166. One specimen. Male immature, River Mangoro, April 2. The cross bars are present only on the lower chest, and here very faint. 73. ABBOTTORNIS! CHA-BERT (Miiller). Lanixus cha-bert, MULLER, Syst. Nat., Suppl., 1776, p. 72. (Madagascar. ) Three specimens. Female adult, Mahanoro, May 2, 9; two speci- mens. Male adult, Mananjara, east coast, May 26. ' Abbottornis, new generic name for Leptopterus, BONAPAKTE, 1850 (nec Leptoptera, BoOIsDUVAL, 1842). Pirie 2 aie acid Ss al SR LS ae ier ene eee 1 PLE y pedp y's: No. 1118. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 693 74. CALICALICUS MADAGASCARIENSIS (Linnezus). [Lanius] madagascariensis, LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p.137. (Mada- gascar. ) Calicalicus madagascariensis, BONAPARTE, Comp. Rend., XX XVIII, 1854, p. 535. Three specimens. Femaleadult, Imahatsara, River Mangoro, April’. Male adult, Mananjara, east coast, May 25; two specimens. Family CORVID. 75. CORVUS SCAPULATUS, Daudin. Corvus scapulatus, DAUDIN, Traité, II, 1800, p. 232. [Africa. ] One specimen. Male adult, River Namorona, east coast, June 25, Family STURNID. 76. HARTLAUBIUS AURATUS (Muller). Turdus auratus, MULLER, Syst. Nat., Suppl., 1776, p.140. (Madagasear. ) Two specimens. Female adult, Mahanoro, May 3. Female adult, Mananjara, east coast, May 28. Family MELIPHAGIDA. 77. ZOSTEROPS MADERASPATANA (Linnzus). [ Motacilla] maderaspatana, LINN®US, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 384. (Mada- gascar. ) Two specimens. Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 28, Female adult, Imahatsara, River Mangoro, April 3. Family NECTARINIID A. 78. NEODREPANIS CORUSCANS, Sharpe. Neodrepanis coruscans, SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 76. (Madagascar. ) One specimen. Female adult, 60 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 12. 79. CINNYRIS NOTATUS (Miiller). Certhia notatus, MULLER, Syst. Nat., Suppl., 1776, p.99. (Madagascar. ) Cinnyris notatus, SHELLEY, Monogr. Nect., 1876, p. 195. Five specimens. Male immature, Ambodivongo, Ankay Valley, March 29. Male adult, Mahanoro, May 1,3; threespecimens. I’emale adult, Mahanoro, May 1. 80. CINNYRIS SOVI-MANGA (Gmelin). [Certhia] sovi-manga, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, Pt. 1, 1788, p.471. (Madagascear.) [ Cinnyris] soui-manga, BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 407. Seven specimens. Male immature, Imahatsara, River Mangoro, April 3. Male immature, 60 miles northwest of Mahanoro, April 12. 694 SOME NEW BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—RICHMOND. vot.xtx. Female adult, Mahanoro, May 1. Male adult, Mahanoro, May9. Male — adult, River Sakalés, east coast, May 11. Male adult, same locality, May 16; two specimens. Family PLOCEID. 81. SPERMESTES NANA (Pucheran). Pyrrhula nana, PUCHERAN, Rey. Zool., 1845, p. 52. [Spermestes] nana, BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 454. Three specimens. Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 26; two specimens. Female adult, same locality and date. 82, NELICURVIUS NELICOURVI (Scopoli), Parvus (nelicourvi), Scopout, Del. Faun. et Flor. Insubr., II, 1786, p.96. (Mada- gascar. ) Nelicurvius nelicouwwi, BARTLETT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 771. Three specimens. Male immature, Ambodiasy, valley of Faraony, June 15. Female adult, same locality and date. Female immature, same locality, June 17, 83. FOUDIA MADAGASCARIENSIS (Linnzus). [Loxia] madagascariensis, LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p.300. (Mada- gascar. ) [ Foudia] madagascariensis, BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 445. ‘our specimens. Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 26, 27; F s Male adult, Andrangolsaka, Imerina, March 26, 27; 4,500 feet; two specimens. Male immature, same locality and dates; two specimens. ON THE INSECTS COLLECTED BY DOCTOR ABBOTT ON THE SEYCHELLES, ALDABRA, GLORIOSO, AND PROVI- DENCE ISLANDS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NINE NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA. By MARTIN L. LINELL, Aid, Department of Insects. THE INSECTS collected by Doctor W. L. Abbott on the Seychelles in 1890 and on his excursions to Aldabra, Glorioso, and Providence islands in 1893, while not numerous in species are of unusual interest on account of their geographical distribution. The writer has paid particular atten- tion to the study of the Coleoptera, but it seems advisable to mention also the insects of the other orders, although all of these have not been specifically identified. Doctor W.J. Holland has already reported upon the Lepidoptera.! INSECTS FROM SEYCHELLES ISLANDS. LEPIDOPTERA. Eight species of butterflies and nine species of moths are reported upon by Doctor Holland as collected by Doctor Abbott on these islands. Of the moths, one is described as new and the other eight have a wide distribution. Of the butterflies, three are peculiar to the islands (one described by Doctor Holland), two occur also on Madagascar, two on the African continent, and one species in the East Indies. Mr. Charles Alluaud collected, in 1893, 67 species of Lepidoptera, on which L’Abbé de Joannis reports’ that 80 per cent. is also found on Madagascar, 60 to 65 per cent. in southeastern Africa, 45 per cent. in India, and 20 to 25 per cent. in the Mediterranean region. This paper has unfortunately been overlooked by Doctor Holland, who has rede- scribed Atella philtiberti of Joannis as A. seychellarum. ORTHOPTERA. Doctor Abbott collected three imagoes and two nymphs of a splendid leaf insect, Phyllium gelonus, Gray. Two other species of the genus are recorded from the Seychelles. The distribution of this family of insects ‘Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, No. 1064, pp. 265-273. 2 Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1893, p. 51. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. XIX—No. 1119. 696 NINE NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA—LINELL. VOL. XIX. on the Seychelles and Mascarene islands, India, and Malay Archipelago, as far as New Caledonia, Fiji Islands, and the New Hebrides, has furnished one of the strongest arguments for the former existence of the hypothetical continent Lemuria. The males can hardly fly, and the females not at all. HYMENOPTERA. Polistes sp., Humenes sp., Apis mellifica, Xylocopa sp., Megachile sp., Larra sp., Sphegide, two species, and Pimpla sp., all from Mahe Island. HOMOPTERA. A species of Cicada, very much resembling Tettigia orni, from Europe, but smaller. COLEOPTERA. Only three or four species of Coleoptera were known from the Seychelles as late as the year 1891, but in that year Doctor Fairmaire recorded fifteen species, collected by Pere Philibert. From March to May, 1892, Mr. Charles Alluaud made a thorough search for the insects generally, and Coleoptera in particular. Of this latter order he collected about one hundred and fifty species, and remarks that these islands, considering their place under the equator and being abundantly covered with woods, are the poorest in insects of any in the world. He also considers the relation to the Indo-Malayan fauna and favors the probable existence of the continent Lemuria. Doctor Abbott collected the following seven species, one of which seems to have escaped description : 1. AGRYPNUS INSULARIS, Fairmaire. Agrypnus insularis, FAIRMAIRE, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, LX, 1891, p. 70. This species which was cctiected in six examples on the Mahé Island by Doctor Abbott is peculiar to the Seychelles, and, although the genus is well represented in Africa, its nearest allied species known is from the Philippine Islands. Another species of the genus, A. fuscipes, Fab- ricius, also occurs here and extends to continental Africa and the East Indies. 2. PARASTASIA COQUERELI, Fairmaire. Parastasia coquereli, FAIRMAIRE, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 4 ser., IX, 1869, p. 789. The most interesting species of the lot, belonging to a genus from the Indo-Malayan region. Doctor Abbott collected one example on the Mahé Island, where Doctor Fairmaire’s type also was obtained. 3. ADORETUS UMBROSUS, Fabricius. Melolontha umbrosa, FABrRiIcIuS, Ent. Syst., I, Pt. 2, p. 169. This species is recorded from Bourbon, Ile de France, Senegal, Java, Samatra,and Philippine Islands. One example was collected on Mahé Island and another one on Glorioso Island. ett No. 1119. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 697 4. ORYCTES MONOCEROS, Olivier. Scarabwus monoceros, OLIVIER, Ent., I, Pt.3, p. 37. Of this large Dynastid beetle Doctor Abbott brought three examples from Mahe Island and four from Doros Island of the Aiirantes group. It is a species of wide range on the African continent, and was originally described from Senegal. The genus oceurs in the Old World, and the largest species are from Africa and Madagascar. 5. XYSTROCERA GLOBOSA, Olivier. Cerambix globosus, OLIVIER, Ent., IV, p. 27. Callidium vittatum, FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst. I, Pt. 2, p. 323. This is a widely distributed longicorn beetle, recorded from Senegal, Tle de France, Madagascar, Comore Islands, and the East Indies. Doctor Abbott collected one example on Mahe Island. 6. COPTOPS BIDENS, Fabricius. Lania bidens, FABRICIUS, Syst. Ent., p. 177. Lamia edificator, FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst., I, Pt. 2, p. 275. Lamia villica, OLIVIER, Encyel. Meth., VII, p. 468. Another longicorn of wide distribution. It occurs in East Africa, on Madagascar, all the islands of the vicinity, and in the East Indies. Doctor Abbott collected three examples on Flat Island. 7. CRATOPUS GRISEOVESTITUS, new species. tobust, uniformly piceous, densely covered with small grayish-white scales. Antenne pubescent, rather stout; scape reaching the hind margin of the eye; first and second joint of the funicle subequal, one- half longer than broad; third to seventh beadlike, slightly increasing in width; club tomentose, as long as the last five joints together, ter- minal joint the longest, acuminate at apex. Eyes rather large, longi- tudinally oval, feebly convex. Rostrum quadrangular, flat above, with distinct lateral carine, starting from the frontal margin of the eves at their middle and diverging toward apex. Front with a short impressed fovea between the eyes. Thorax broader than long, strongly rounded at the sides, broadly constricted at apex; disk coarsely granulate. Scutellum semioval, with dense white scales. Elytra one-half broader than thorax, squarely truncate at base, slightly wider behind the middle, conjointly shortly acuminate at apex; humeri oblique, obtuse; disk rather strongly punctate in regular striw; striw, except the marginal, not impressed; intervals flat, less coarsely, sparsely punctate, slightly granulate at base; the scaly pubescence forming numerous white dots. Ventral surface sparsely punctate, sides of thorax scaly, median part and abdomen pubescent. Legs short, stout, pubescent, not scaly. Femora feebly incrassate, the anterior pair with acute tooth. Anterior tibie nearly straight, feebly dentate within. Tarsi with first joint slightly longer than second, third moderately dilated. Claws connate 698 NINE NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA—LINELL. VOL. XIX. at base, divergent at apex. Length, 10 to i mm. Nine ex: amples from Mahe Island. Type.—No. 576, U.S.N.M. Cratopus is a eane of Cyphides, allied to the West Indian genus Lachnopus by the prolonged anterior legs and robust femora, but dif- fering by the claws being connate at base and thorax truncate, not bisinuate behind. Numerous species are described from Bourbon and Ile de France, and a few from India and South Africa. INSECTS FROM ALDABRA ISLAND. The only insects from Aldabra Island that I can find recorded are a few Coleoptera by Doctor Fairmaire.' He enumerates five species: Cicin- dela trilunaris, Klug, var.; Opatrinus insularis, Mulsant; Gonocephalus micans, Germar; Heteroderes complanatus, Klug and Cassida decolorata, Boheman, with var. lutea, all of which were previously known from Madagascar. The only new species he describes is Cratopus viridis- parsus. As will be seen by the list below, the coleopterous fauna of the island is raised to twelve species through the collection of Doctor Abbott, who has published some very interesting notes on this and Glorioso Island.” After I furnished the footnote® for this paper, additional material was received by the National Museum, as is shown by comparison with the report on the Lepidoptera‘ by Doctor Holland, who records thirteen species, two of which he described as new, from this island.’ The additional material includes two species of Hemiptera—Dysder- cus sp., and Harpactor sp., and raises the number of Coleoptera to seven, as follows: 1. ERETES STICTICUS, Linnzus. This water beetle has about the same geographical distribution as the butterfly, Diadema misippus, is likewise rare in the warmer parts of America, including Galapagos Islands, and abundant in the Old World through Africa and southern Asia to Japan. Doctor Sharp remarks, in his monograph of the family Dytiscid, that this species occurs in a larger number of islands than any other Dytiscid. It varies consid- erably in size and markings, but is remarkably constant in structural characters throughout its range. Twelve species of the genus have been described, of which Doctor Sharp has united ten under the above name, but the two Australian forms he considers as distinct under the name HL. australis, Krichson. The only example collected by Doctor Abbott on the Aldabra is a female of small size, dark color, and distinct maculation on the thorax. 'Bull. Soc. Ent. France, LXV, 1896, p: 222. 2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, pp. 759-764. Ss b0C. Cit. spre ios: ‘Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, No. 1064, pp. 265-273. * The types of Doctor Holland’s species, Teracolus aldabrensis, are from Mahé Island, but there are seven cotypes from Aldabra. cadinaenstiie ceases heat 1$i4 * See a 4 ‘ F i. & * No. 1119. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 699 2. CYBISTER TRIPUNCTATUS, Olivier. This species belongs to the most highly developed group of carnivo- rous water beetles, where the limit of the species is rather opinionative. As Doctor Sharp, in his monograph mentioned above, has restricted it, its range is very wide, from Senegal to the Cape, and along the east coast of Africa to South Europe, and through southern Asia to China and Japan in the north, and over the whole of Australasia to Australia. C. cinctus, Sharp, its representative on Madagascar, he doubtfully con- siders a distinct species. He reviews carefully the races and generalizes them into four principal ones: (1) An Asiatic form also occurring in Australia, (2) an Archipelagic form from Malay Archipelago, occurring also on Bourbon and [Me de France, (3) a sporadic form on the Philip- pine islands and certain parts of Malay Archipelago, and (4) an African form. Examples of the last were collected by the Chanler-Heehnel expedition on the Tana River. They are large, oval, with broad yellow margin, exactly similar to others before me from the Cape and Loanda. The six examples collected by Doctor Abbott on Aldabra are all small, ovate, and with narrow margin, exactly like a large series from Japan before me. Thus, it is remarkable to see that the Asiatic variety. occurs here, while the large broad Archipelagic form is recorded from Bourbon and Ue de France. 3. PHAEOCHROUS INSULARIS, new species. Ovate, convex, above piceous black, margin ciliate with long rufous hairs; ventral surface and legs rufocastaneous, rufohirsute. Head finely punctulate, abruptly and strongly constricted a little before the eyes. Clypeus continuous with the front, sides distinctly margined, slightly convergent; apex subtruncate. Labrum strongly transverse, coarsely punctate, broadly emarginate. Thorax at base twice broader than long, surrounded with an entire margin; sides not deplanate, arcuately narrowed to the apex; anterior angles acute, posterior angles ree- tangular, with rounded apex; base broadly sinuate on each side; disk sparsely and finely punctulate, nearly smooth at the middle. Scutellum oblong, sparsely punctate. Elytra at base not broader than thorax, arcuately widened and broadest behind the middle; sides not explanate; apices separately rounded; disk moderately finely, diffusedly punctate; sutural stria impressed but the others indistinet. Anterior tibic tri- dentate, serrulate even between the teeth; upper tooth small, the two apical teeth long, recurved. Length, 8 to 9 mm. Male: Tarsi incrassate, claws broadly appendiculate at base. Type.—No. 581, U.S.N.M. Doctor Abbott collected one male and three females of this Scara- beid on Aldabra Island. It resembles in form P. beccarii, Harold, from tropical East Africa, but is much smaller. The margins are not explanate and the sculpture is different. A moderate number of TOO NINE NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA—LINELL. VOL. XIX. species of this genus are described from Africa, Madagascar, East {Indies to Philippine Islands and Australia. They probably live, like our species of Trox, on decaying animal substances. 4. OXYTHYREA ALDABRENSIS, new species. Slender, shining, glabrous above, very sparsely setose beneath, entirely black, with antennie and palpi ferruginous. Clypeus strongly margined, slightly emarginate, finely punctate. Front and vertex coarsely punctate, the latter with three smooth spaces, arranged transversely. Thorax very narrow; sides feebly rounded, almost sub- angulate at middle, strongly convergent toward apex; posterior angles very obtuse, nearly rounded; base broadly rounded, with emargina- tions obsolete; disk coarsely punctate, with six impressed white patches: two on each side-margin, very large, nearly reaching the angles, separated just in front of middle, making the posterior ones twice as large as the others; two longitudinally lunulate spots in front of scutellum, more widely apart than in allied continental species. In one specimen there is another pair of smaller spots in front of these. Scutellum glabrous, sharply acuminate. Elytra outlined as in O. mar- ginalis, Swarz, but the strive are not impressed, except the two nearest the suture behind the middle. The intervals are nearly smooth, not depressed, and the white patches are less numerous and much larger. There are three pairs of small sutural spots, two larger spots inside and behind the humeral callus, sometimes connected, and the inner one sometimes connected with the median sutural, forming an oblique band. The transverse marginal spot behind the middle is very large, extending inward to the third stria and has a posterior elongate mar- ginal spot as an appendix; apical spot large, transverse. Pygidium nearly semicircular, with a few annular scratches on the middle, each side covered with a triangular niveous patch. Ventral surface sparsely punctate with a large square niveous patch on the sides of metaster- num, an oblong one on its episternon, and another one on the side margin of the cox. A row of transverse spots each side on the abdo- men, not marginal, as in many allied species, but at the middle of each segment, sometimes absent. No trace of spine on fifth ventral seg- ment. Proportion of legs, tibial armature, and claws as in marginalis, Swarz. Length, 9 mm.; width, 4,5 mm. Four examples. Type.—No. 577, U.S.N.M. This nice little species is allied to O. marginalis, Swarz, from South Africa, but is much smaller, more slender, and altogether differently maculate. The genus is represented by numerous forms over the whole of Africa, Arabia, Syria, and Europe, extending to east Siberia. 5. MICROTHYREA ALDABRENSIS, new species. Less robust, very shining, glabrous above, entirely black, with large impressed niveous patches with arosy tint. Clypeus as in J. amabilis, Schaum, but deeply emarginate at apex. Front rather sparsely pune- a, No. 1119. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 701 tate; vertex smoothat middle. Thorax short, with the sidesonly slightly converging from base to middle, then strongly arcuate to apex; poste- rior angles obtuse; base broadly arcuate, scarcely truncate at middle, and slightly sinuate each side; disk sparsely and minutely punctate with six large rounded patches: two pairs marginal, the posterior one oblong, larger, and two smaller rounded basal spots in the normal position; one specimen has an additional pair on the disk, but very small. Scutellum smooth, acute. Elytra outlined as in J/. amabilis, but the strive are not impressed, the punctures are nearly obsolete in the scutellar region, and the white patches are smaller. There are on each side three sutural spots, rather small, a small spot above and another beneath the humeral callus; three marginal spots, the anterior two large, a large apical and some irregular smaller spots. The pygidium is transversely strigose at middle and has a large round niveous patch each side. Metasternum smooth and polished at middle, with a large quadrangular niveous patch, covering the sides. Hind coxe strigose, with a round spot at side margin. Ventral segments strigose at the sides, with a transverse row of punctures on the middle of each, fifth with an obtuse tooth at the lateral posterior margin, sixth subtrunecate. Legs as in amabilis, the anterior femora densely fimbriate. Length, 11.5 mm.; width, 7mm. Three female examples. Type.—No. 578, U.S.N.M. This species is very distinct from amabilis, Swarz, and allied forms of the African continent by the characters given above. The genus Microthyreus has been erected for certain African species, formerly included in Oxythyrea, that show strongly developed sexual characters in the male. That the above-described female belongs to the genus is inferred from the fact that the fifth abdominal segment has marginal spines. 6. LEPTOCERA ALDABRENSIS, new species. Elongate, black, with impressed longitudinal bands on thorax and elytra, covered with a very dense, white, silky pubescence. Antenne piceous, as long as the body, very sparsely pubescent, slender; first joint stout, clavate, strongly curvate; third joint nearly as long as fourth and fifth together. Head broader than thorax, densely pubes- cent; antennal tubercles and a spot on vertex glabrous; palpi small, last joint slender, slightly and obliquely truneate at apex. Thorax cylindrical, feebly constricted at each end, deeply punctate, opaque, with four longitudinal vittwe. Elytra dark green, at base broader than thorax, slightly narrowed behind; apices squarely truncate; disk some- what depressed, coarsely punctate in regular strive, interrupted by the impressed white vittwe; sutural vitta entire, a discal vitta from base to middle, somewhat directed toward the suture; a second discal vitta on the posterior half, connected at apex with the sutural, extending some- what beyond the middle in front; subhumeral vitta short. Ventral surface densely pubescent, side margin of metasternum and middle of 702 NINE NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA—LINELL. VOL. XIX. abdomen glabrous and smooth. Legs red, femora strongly clavate, finely pubescent. Tarsi infuscate, broad, short; first joint of hind tarsi somewhat longer than the second. Length, 9.5 mm. One example from Aldabra Island. Type.—No. 579, U.S.N.M. This species is nearly allied to Glaucites (Leptocera) lineaticollis, Fairmaire, from Madagascar, but is distinct by the piceous antenne, stronger punctuation of thorax and a different arrangement of the pubescent lines on the elytra. Two other species of the genus are described from Madagascar, one of which also occurs on Le de France. 7. CRATOPUS VIRIDISPARSUS, Fairmaire. Cratopus viridisparsus, FAIRMAIRE, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, LXV, 1896 p. 222. This is the only beetle recorded from Aldabra by Doctor Fairmaire that was also collected there by Doctor Abbott. Two examples were obtained. I have had a manuscript description of it for the last two years and barely escaped making a synonym before going to press. INSECTS FROM GLORIOSO ISLAND. The insects collected by Doctor Abbott on this little island are as follows: LEPIDOPTERA. Two species of butterflies and three of moths, all of wide distribu- tion. (Reported upon by Doctor Holland.) NEUROPTERA. Two species of Myrmeleon and one of Palpares. DIPTERA. Three species: Asilus, Tabanus, and Myodina. HYMENOPTERA. Four species: Humenes Megachile, and Sphegida, two species. Three of these were also collected on Mahé Island. HEMIPTERA. Nezara viridula, Linneeus, a cosmopolitan species, and Leptoglossus membranarius, Fabricius. The latter species is common on Madagasear. HOMOPTERA. A large Cicada, closely allied to the South African Platypleura lim- bata, Fabricius, but the fore wings are more densely maculate. COLEOPTERA. Five species, of which three are here described as new. One is pre- viously described from the Seychelles, and the remaining one is of wide distribution in Africa and Malayan Archipelago. No. 1119. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 703 1. LUCIOLA ABBOTTI, new species. Elongate, parallel, feebly shining, finely pubescent, bright ferrugi- nous; head with antennie aid palpi, elytra, tibivee and tarsi black. Antenne short, not reaching to middle of body, nearly filiform, densely setose; first joint ferruginous beneath, as long as the fourth; third slightly longer than fourth; fourth to tenth slightly decreasing in length. Thorax nearly twice broader than long, somewhat narrowed in front; side margin feebly rounded, reflexed ; posterior angles rounded ; apex margined, feebly bisinuate; base more distinctly bisinuate, strongly margined, deeply impressed each side of middle; disk finely and densely punctate, deplanate at the sides, deeply canaliculate at the middle. Scutellum brownish red, obtuse at apex. Elytra: slightly broader than thorax, separately rounded at apex, very densely and finely rugosopunctate; suture elevated and three obsolete carine each side. Male: Abdomen with fourth and fifth segments pale, the fourth emarginate at middle, the fifth strongly constricted and produced in a large lobe; last dorsal segment triangularly emarginate. Length, 10 mm. Type.—No. 580, U.S.N.M. One single example, a male, was taken on Glorioso Island. It agrees in color and many other characters with L. transversicollis, Fairmaire, described from Sainte-Marie-de-Madagascar, Mahé, and Mayotte, but Doctor Fairmaire’s species has the third ventral segment pale and the posterior angles of thorax nearly rectangular. The genus is of wide distribution in the Old and New World. 2. PERISSOSOMA ENESCENS, Waterhouse. Perissosoma wnescens, WATERHOUSE, Ann. Nat. Hist., 4 ser., XV, 1875, p. 415. Four examples of this very peculiar Melolonthid, of doubtful system- atic position, were collected by Doctor Abbott on Glorioso Island. They agree exactly with Doctor Waterhouse’s description, the type of which was from the Seychelles. 3. ADORETUS UMBROSUS, Fabricius. Melolontha umbrosa, FABRICIUS, Ent. Syst., I, Pt. 2, p. 169. For remarks on this species, see notes under Adoretus umbrosus, Fabricius, from the Seychelles Islands, page 696. 4. OXYTHYREA ABBOTTI, new species. Robust, shining, glabrous above, very sparsely pubescent beneath, dark castaneous, including antenne and legs; occiput and disk of thorax black. Clypeus shorter than in 0. marginalis, Swarz, scarcely narrowed at apex, feebly rounded on the sides; distinctly but slightly emarginate at apex, densely and finely punctate; margins slightly depressed. Front immaculate, less densely but more strongly pune- 704 NINE NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA—LINELL. VOL. XIX. tate, with irregular, smooth median line. Thorax broadest at base, very strongly narrowed toward apex; sides colored exactly as the disk, broadly rounded before middle, distinetly sinuate before the hind angles, which are rectangular, with obtuse apex; base broadly rounded, with very slight indication of emargination on each side and in front of scutellum; disk sparsely but rather deeply punetate over the whole surface, with eight impressed niveous spots—the two largest are mar- ginal, one at the middle and one in front, connected at the margin; the basal and diseal pair in the normal position, as in O. marginalis; one of the specimens has still another pair of spots, though very small, on the disk near the apex, as in some specimens of 0. marginalis, Seutellum smooth, large, sharply acuminate. Elytra outlined as in marginalis, but the strive are less impressed, all coarsely punctate: intervals nearly smooth, varying in width, but none of them depressed, obsoletely stri- gose at apex; the niveous spots are six or seven each side—an elongate spot near apex of scutellum, a small round one behind the humeral callus, a large transverse spot just behind the middle of margin; in one specimen a small oblique one on the disk inside; two spots just before apical callus, the one marginal, the other one near suture, the apical spot touching the margin behind. Pygidium semicircular, with annular punctures, transversely strigose at base, and on each side a large niveous spot. Ventral surface punctate, with a large transverse niveous patch covering the sides of metasternum and its episternum. Abdomen with small round spots at the sides; fifth segment with- out any trace of spines. Proportion of the legs and anterior tibie as in marginalis. Anterior. femora with longer, grayish-white ciliation. Length, 11 mm.; width, 6.5mm. Two examples. Type.—No. 582, U.S.N.M. This species has the form of OQ. marginalis, Swarz, from South Africa, but is larger, stouter, and very different in the arrangement of the hiveous patches. 5. CRATOPUS ABBOTTI, new species. Elongate, broader behind, convex, black, shining, sparsely covered with small rounded metallic green scales above; antennie and legs rufous. Antenne slender, sparsely pubescent; scape very long, reach- ing the margin of thorax, slightly clavate and curvate; first joint of funicle a little longer than the second, both elongate; third to seventh short, equal in length, slightly increasing in width; club fusiform, densely tomentose, as long as the last four joints of the funicle together, distinctly annulate, the three joints equally long. Rostrum shorter than the head, cylindrieal, convex above, sparsely punctate, each pune- ture with a seale. Eyes large, longitudinally oval, feebly prominent. Head slightly constricted behind the eyes, Sparsely punctate and sealy, scales denser and forming a longitudinal vitta beneath theeyes. Thorax slightly transverse, truncate before and behind, strongly narrowed and constricted at apex, feebly rounded on the sides behind, coarsely, reticu- "No. 1119. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 705 lately punctate, the punctures densely scaly at bottom; scales more dense on the inflexed sides and spreading upon the anterior coxe. ‘Seutellum small, glabrous, smooth. Elytra at base nearly twice broader than thorax, broadest behind the middle, acutely produced at apex; lhumeri obliquely truncate; side margin serrate toward apex; disk coarsely striatopunctate; punctures transverse, densely squamose at ‘the bottom; intervals narrow, smooth; the two or three marginal strie deeply impressed, rugose at base. Side pieces of meso and meta thorax and sides of the two first abdominal segments densely squamose; median line of ventral surface nearly smooth, sparsely pubescent. Legs not scaly, sparsely pubescent, the median pair short, the posterior pair longer and the anterior longest; all femora incrassate, but the anterior most strongly, with a small acute tooth beyond the middle; anterior tibiw slightly curvate, acutely denticulate on the inner side. Tarsi hairy above, without any trace of scales; first joint slightly longer than second; third very wide; claws large, connate at base, divergent at apex. Length, 10 to12 mm. Three examples from Glorioso Island. Type.—No. 583, U.S.N.M. This species comes very near C. parcesquamosus, Fairmaire, from the Seychelles, but differs in the sculpture and particularly in the tarsi, that are coeruleo-squamose above in Doctor Fairmaire’s species. INSECTS FROM PROVIDENCE ISLAND. This island, located about midway between the north end of Mada- gascar and the Seychelles, is apparently very meager in insect life. Doctor Abbott brought home only three species, one butterfly and one moth—both of which also occur on the African continent and the Sey- chelles—and the single beetle described below, which is nearest allied to the Microthyrea aldabrensis from Aldabra Island. MICROTHYREA PROVIDENCIZA, new species. Moderately robust, shining, glabrous above, with impressed niveous spots, sparsely hirsute beneath. Clypeus formed as in M. amabilis, Schaum, but more narrowed and more deeply emarginate at apex. Sides of thorax sinuate behind the middle, arcuately narrowed in front; posterior angles subrectangular; base broadly rounded with obsolete emarginations; disk finely and sparsely punctate, more densely at apex, with six small, round niveous spots; one pair at the front angles, a larger pair marginal behind the middle and one pair in front of scutellum in the normal position. Secutellum large, acuminate, with a few punctures. Elytra outlined and sculptured exactly as in J. ama- bilis, but the niveous spots are much smaller; on each side are three sutural spots, one above and another one behind the humeral umbone, two larger and one smaller (posterior) marginal spots, and a transverse apical spot. An additional spot occurs on the disk inside the anterior Proc. N. M. vol. xix 45 706 NINE NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA—LINELL. VOL. XIX. marginal. Pygidium elevated at middle and concentrically strigose, at apex transversely aciculate with subtruncate margin; a smaller niveous spot each side. Ventral surface hairy; metasternum coarsely but sparsely punctate, broadly niveous at the sides; hind cox partly strigose; abdominal segments coarsely punctate in transverse rows, strigose at side margin; fifth with an obtuse spine at the lateral pos- terior margin, sixth covered at the sides, seventh truncate. Legs hairy, aciculate; anterior femora densely fimbriate; posterior femora and tibiwe strongly incrassate (male), the former curvate; exterior claw of front tarsi very long, incrassate at middle, and contorted. Length, 11 mm.; width, 7mm. Two males from Providence Island. Type.—No. 584, U.S.N.M. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA: GENERA IPHIDEA AND YORKIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF EACH, AND OF THE GENUS ACROTHELE. By CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Honorary Curator, Department of Invertebrate Palwontology. THIS IS THE first of a proposed series of preliminary papers on the Cambrian Brachiopoda, to be published in advance of a memoir on the subject. Owing to administrative duties, only a small part of each year can be devoted by me to palzeontologic studies. In the present paper the genera Iphidea and Yorkia are discussed. Succeeding papers will treat of other well-known genera. IPHIDEA, Billings. Iphidea, BILLINGS, 1872, Can. Nat., new ser., V1, p. 477, fig. 13. Micromitra, MEEK, 1873, Sixth Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., for 1872, p. 479. Iphidea, BILLINGS, 1874, Pal. Foss., II, Pt. 1, p. 76. Iphidea, LINNARSSON, 1876, Bihang Till K. Svenska Vet. Akad., Handlingar, No. 12, p. 26. Brachiopoda of the Paradoxides Beds of Sweden. Iphidea, WALCOTT, 1886, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 30, p. 100. Paterina, BEECHER, 1891, Am. Jour. Sci., XLI, p. 345. Iphidea, HALL and CLARKE, 1892, Pal. N. Y., VIII, Pt. 1, p. O0- Iphidea, HALL and CLARKE, 1892, Eleventh Ann. Rept. State Geol. INE YG Det. Paterina, HaLi and CLARKE, 1892, Elev enth Ann. Rept. State Geof. N. Y., p. 247. The description of the genus [phidea and that of the type species were combined. At the time of my study of MKutorgina and Iphidea I did not agree with Mr. Billings in his reference of Obolus labradoricus to Kutorgina,! overlooking the fact that he had referred 0. labradoricus to Iphidea.2 Since that time I have collected more material represent- ing this group of shells, and from its study have come to the conclusion that Mr. Billings was correct in referring O. labradoricus to [phidea. The ventral valve of O. labradoricus has a narrow false area of the same type as Iphidea bella, and the characteristic pseudodeltidium is clearly shown in a section, and it is known to occur in J. sculptilis, Meek, I. ornatella, Linnarsson, and I. pannula, White. The extreme develop- ment of the false area and pseudodeltidium is found in an 1 undescr ibed | Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 30, 1886, p. 100. 2 Pal. Fosse, Pets p: 76. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XIX—No. 1120. 707 ‘ TOS CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT. VOL. XIX. species of Iphidea (I. superba) from the Middle Cambrian Tonto sand- stone of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. In this form the ventral valve is broadly conical, and the large pseudodeltidium projects back- ward at an angle equal to that of the slope from the apex to the front. In T. bella the false area slopes more abruptly downward, and in J. ornatella it is nearly vertical, the pseudodeltidium being much shorter and pro- jecting but a short distance beyond the area. The slope of the area of I. ornatella is essentially the same as that of J. labradorica var. swantonensis, Which is the type of Mr. Beecher’s genus Paterina. In some specimens of the latter species the beak projects so that the slope of the area carried it forward to a considerable distance under the beak. This is also true of J. pannula, The presence of an apical foramen iu J. bella and J. ornatella would separate the genus from Paterina, but, from a careful study of all the evidence attainable, | am led to question the presence of a true apical foramen in either species. Unless there are other characters than those shown by the false area and pseudodeltidium and the angle at which they slope, it will be impracticable to generically separate J. bella and T. labradoricus and the other species mentioned. In his original description, Mr. Billings says: In the specimen above figured there is an aperture in the beak, but in another there is no appearance whatever of a perforation.! Professor Whiteaves writes me, under date of July 25, 1896, that there are no specimens or electrotypes of the types of J. bella in the collections of the Geological Survey of Canada, nor of the closely allied species of the same genus from Topsail Head, mentioned by Mr. Billings. Under the circumstances, nothing can be done but to decide from Mr. Billings’s description and figure the characters of the genus and species, and refer to the species the form that can best be identified with the description and figure as the specific type of the genus. This appears to be the species from the York limestone of Pennsylvania. In a fine series of Iphidea bella from the Lower Cambrian, south of Emigsville, York County, Pennsylvania, the characteristics of the genus and species are strikingly well shown. In none of the specimens is there in the ventral valve an indication of an apical pedicle opening. The dorsal valve is slightly elevated, and in the half dozen well-preserved specimens no trace has been observed of any false area or pseudo- deltidium; but in J. paynula the false area is even more clearly defined than in the ventral valve, and the pseudodeltidium is present as a depressed concave covering of more than one-half of the triangular space inside the narrow area on each side. The area on the dorsal valve has also been observed in J. ornatella and J. labradorica. Doctor Linnarsson, in describing J. ornatella, speaks of the presence of a minute foramen; but, after the study of several finely preserved 1 Pal. Foss., Il, Pt. 1, p.-76. tid ald NO. 1120. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, 709 ventral valves from the Paradoxides beds of Andrarum, Sweden, I am led to believe that what he considered to be an apical foramen is a depression in the apex of the shell in front of the incurved beak, which represents a foramen which was present in one of the embryonic (nepi- onic) stages, and was subsequently lost. This would involve the crowding out, as it were, of the pedicle posteriorly, the only evidence of its presence in the adult being the narrow, slightly depressed slit at the apex of the valve in some specimens. The pedicle in the adult shell is protruded between the two valves and separated from the embryonic pedicle opening by the growth of a pseudodeltidium. The examination of the somewhat closely allied form, J. pannula, shows the presence in Some specimens of the apical depression and its absence in others. In an undescribed species, J. superba, still more closely approaching the type J. bella in external appearance, there is no trace of an apical slit or foramen. In another species associated with J. superba (I. crenistria) the apex is rounded, while in a somewhat similar but distinct form (J. pealez), from the Gallatin River valley of Montana, the apical slit is as clearly shown as in J. ornatella, but not any apical foramen. Messrs. Hall and Clarke illustrate a specimen of J. bella showing an apical foramen, but in the description of the figure the statement is made that the foramen is not altogether distinet in the specimen.! The systematic position of the genus Iphidea appears to be in the Neotremata of Beecher,’ possibly with characters that nearly place it in the Protremata. If the pedicle was apical in its early stages and inclosed by shell growth, and subsequently was crowded back of a pseudodeltidium, it passed through the Nectrematic stage to the Protrematic. The presence of an obscure listrium in front of the apex of I. bella, I. ornatella, and some specimens of I. pealei, tends to support this view. We also have to consider the area of the dorsal valve as shown in J. pannula. In this species there is a rather deep, convex pseudodeltidium in the ventral valve, and a clearly defined, depressed pseudodeltidium on the dorsal valve between the narrow false areas. There is also present a narrow median groove extending from beneath the apex of the valve to the posterior margin of the pseudodeltidium. It is similar in appearance to the pedicle groove of the ventral valve of Obolus and Rhinobolus. This suggests that it may be the pedicle valve; but the presence of the listrium or embryo pedicle scar on the conical valve is opposed to the interpretation. It may be urged that [phidea is a true Atrematice genus, the pedicle never having been inclosed and the slit on the ventral valve being only a depression without special significance. This may be so, but the impression it conveys to me is that the slit indicates a pedicle open- ing near the apex of the ventral valve, at an early stage in its growth, 1 Pal. N. Y., VIII, Pt. 1, description of pl. rv, fig. 8. * Amer. Jour. Sci., XLI, 1891, pp. 354, 355. 710 CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT. VOL. XIX. which was subsequently closed, the pedicle then protruding between the valves. The only interior of any specimen of the genus thus far discovered that shows a trace of muscular scars or vascular markings is the inte- rior of the dorsal valve of J. pannula, from near Rome, Georgia. All that is discernible in this is a slight depression in the east of the interior, about one-third the distance from the beak to the front. A rather strong vascular trunk arches forward on each side of it, nearly to the center of the valve. Stratigraphic distribution.—The genus ranges from the lowest known Lower Cambrian horizon to the upper portion of the Middle Cambrian. The species thus far referred to the genus are as follows: Lower Cambrian: Iphidea bella, Billings. labradorica, Billings. var. swantonensis, Walcott. pannula, White. prospectensis, Walcott. Middle Cambrian: Iphidea crenistria, new species. alabamaensis, new species. logani, new species. ornatella, Linnarsson. pannula, White. pealei, new species. pusilla, Linnarsson. sculptilis, Meek. stissingensis, Dwight. superba, new species. Ornamentation of the surface.—One of the most noticeable characters is the surface ornamentation. In the type J. bella it is formed of sim- ple concentric strive and lines of growth. This may be called type A, and to it may be referred: Inhidea bella 2oss-.. tacts 3s joo cee eee ee Lower Cambrian. labradormed: 2a Lacs wiht ee = Sheen eee eee ee eee Lower Cambrian. Var. 8wantonensisi.o-= = ease eae eee One Lower Cambrian, PTOSPECLENIIS.--.- awn os eae oe e nee oe ae eee ee Lower Cambrian: adlabamaensis:; == 2.435 2 ee ee ee Middle Cambrian. LOGONA’ = 5s Suce etka ooo s Ce ee EE Ee Middle Cambrian. pusilla. s ccc 5S ee ee eee Middle Cambrian. supervais. 25 eS hs. He ee ee ee ee Middle Cambrian. BUSTING ENSIS S oo5 52h (S5- bee hea ee ee eee Middle Cambrian. CROMSITAG Sams ee asi Se eae oe ee ee ee eee Middle Cambrian. MEQLER. - owe ae Seis wine Sie Sasa oe eee ne eee Middle Cambrian. The second type (B) is represented by J. sculptilis, in which the stricze are more crenulated than in J. erenistria, but not sufficiently so to give a diamond-shaped interspace. Type C is a beautiful surface, formed by the union of the crenulated Strive so as to make a fine network of raised, obliquely arranged lines + eee No. 1120. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tati that divide the surface into minute pits that give the impression of finely woven cloth. J. ornatella and I. pannula represent this type. Among other genera it may be found in Trematis; and the second type of surface, as shown by J. sculptilis, is frequently seen on Lingulella. IPHIDEA SUPERBA, new species. (Plate LIX, figs. 1, la—c. ) Iphidea cf.? ornatella, 1892, HALL and CLARKE, Pal. N. Y., VIII, Pt. 1, pl. iv, figs. 6, 7. Ventral (pedicle) valve subconical, with a minute beak incurving over the pseudodeltidium. Cardinal slope slightly flattened, so as to merely indicate an imperfectly defined, rather narrow area. In some specimens the curvature of the shell is practically continuous to the base of the pseudodeltidium. Pseudodeltidium broad, convex, with its lower mar- gin broadly arched, so as to leave a considerable space between it and the line of the general plane of the shell. Dorsal (brachial) valve slightly convex; most elevated a little in front of the small beak which projects slightly over the broad open (?) del- thyrium. No traces of a false area or a pseudodeltidium have been observed. Surface with rather strong concentric strive, and a few somewhat obscure iines of growth. On the ventral valve the strive extend around to and cross the pseudodeltidium. Shell substance corneous. This is one of the larger species of the genus, being surpassed in size only by I. labradorica. . It is clearly distinguishable from I. bella by its larger size, more depressed ventral valve, and the form of the pseudodeltidium. The dorsal valves of the two species are quite simi- lar. It differs from J. pealei in its broad pseudodeltidium, false area, and surface markings. One specimen has a length of 9 mm.and a little greater width. The area is vertical, the pseudodeltidium being broken away. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Tonto Terrane, Chuar and and Nunkoweap valleys, Grand Oanyon of the Colorado. (No. 26429, _U.S.N.M,) IPHIDEA LOGANI, new species. (Plate LIX, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.) Ventral (pedicle) valve conical, transverse in outline at base, almost semicircular. Beak minute, incurving over the pseudodeltidium. Cardinal slopes rounded and flattened so as to form a fairly well defined false area that is broken by a very wide triangular space. Pseudodeltidium arched upward, forming a narrow, sloping shelf beneath the beak, the angle of slope from the summit of the shell over the beak and pseudodeltidium being nearly the same as that of the slope from the summit to the front. Surface marked by very fine concentric strive and somewhat coarser lines of growth. Under a high power slight traces of radiating striz a2 CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT. VOL. XTX, may be observed. The concentric striw pass around over. the false area and cross the pseudodeltidium. Shell substance corneous. This specimen was received from Professor J, F. Whiteaves as one of the types of J. bella, It differs, however, so materially from the deserip- tion of that species and the figure illustrating it that I found it neces- sary to give it a distinct specific designation, and I take pleasure in naming it after Sir William E, Logan. The specimen bears the label “Trois Pistoles, 1868, T. C. Weston.” It was collected from a bowlder in the ‘conglomerate at that locality. It is probably of Middle Cambrian age, but this can not be stated with certainty, as there are no associated fossils. Mr. Billings speaks of the occurrence of fragments of trilobites in the bowlder containing this type of I. bella. He does not mention the genera or species. The species approaches most nearly J. erenistria in its short pseudo- deltidium and finely striated surface. It differs, however, in the char- acter of the surface strive, the form of the false area, and the pseudo- deltidium. Formation and locality —Conglomerates at Trois Pistoles on the St. Lawrence, Province of Quebec. The conglomerates of this formation, according to Sir William E. Logan, form nine separate layers, from 2 to 16 feet thick, bedded in gray, calcareous sandstone. The geclogic age of the deposit containing the matrix is supposed to be Upper Cam- brian or Lower Ordovician. The age of the bowlders can be determined only by the fossils found in each. IPHIDEA PEALE], new species. (Plate LIX, figs. 3, 3a-3c.) Ventral (pedicle) valve subconical, beak slightly incurving over the pseudodeltidium., Cardinai slope flattened to form a narrow false area, which is clearly defined from the curvature of the shell by slightly elevated thread-like ridges. Pseudodeltidium comparatively narrow, strongly convex, and arched below. The strie of growth cross the false area and arch over the delthyrium. Dorsal (brachial) valve moderately convex, and without any special characteristics to distinguish it from the same valve in J. bella, I. experba, and I, labradorica. Surface marked by fine concentric strive and lines of growth that are usually plain, but in some examples are slightly crenulated. In such instances fine radiating lines or strive are also shown. Shell substance corneous. In the most perfectly preserved specimens there is a slight slit or depression near the apex of the ventral valve, but there is no trace of a perforation or apical opening. This species approaches J. sculptilis in some examples of the ventral valve. It differs mainly in the narrow pseudodeltidium and the char- acter of the surface markings. It might be considered as a form inter- mediate between J. bella and I. sculptilis. yo adie Oe ane ieenaecnanmmmmmallal 2S Sew eae 0) AES et a arty : § No. 1120. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 713 Specitic name in honor of Doctor A. C. Peale, who collected the type specimen. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Flathead Terrane. North of East Gallatin River, north of Hillsdale, Montana. Also, on the east side of Gallatin River above Gallatin City. (No. 26430, U.S.N.M.) IPHIDEA CRENISTRIA, new species. (Plate LIX, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.) Pedicle valve subconical, beak nearly apical, curving slightly over to the pseudodeltidium, False area very narrow, separated from the curvature of the shell by being turned somewhat abruptly backward. Pseudodeltidium comparatively broad, but decidedly short as compared with that of J. bella or I. superba. It is more of the type of J. labrudor- ica. Itis strongly arched, leaving a broad, high space between it and the plane of the shell. Dorsal (brachial) valve unknown. Surface of ventral (pedicle) valve marked by very fine, slightly crenulated strie that are so crowded on the false area that they are nearly lost, and only one or two varices of growth and a few strive are shown on the pseudodeltidium, No traces of an embryonic foramen are seen, save the slight slit at the apex of the shell. This species is clearly distinguishable from other described forms of the genus by its highly arched pseudodeltidium and crenulated surface strie. Formation and locality —Middle Cambrian, Tonto Terrane. In thin intercalated limestone layers near head of Nunkoweap Valley, Grand Canyon of the Colorado. (No. 26431, U.S.N.M.) IPHIDEA ALABAMAENSIS, new species. (Plate LIX, figs. 5, 5a.) In following the Lower Cainbrian rocks southward from Vermont, the first type of Iphidea met with is J. stissingensis, which occurs in the Mid- dle Cambrian of Dutchess County, New York. This is fairly well dis- tinguished by its surface characters from J. labredorica and its variety swantonensis, but at the next locality to the south, in eastern Tennessee, four miles north of Rogersville, in the Rogersville shale of the Middle Cambrian, was found a form that is practically identical with the north- ern species or its variety, as far as if is possible to compare specimens preserved in limestone with those preserved in shale. The same form also occurs in the Middle Cambrian shales of the Cowan Creek section, Cherokee County, Alabama. There is, however, a difference in the sur- face strive that distinguishes it from J. labradorica and its variety and J. stissingensis. It is the tendency to crenulation of the striv in nearly all the specimens that have been examined. This in extreme cases goes so faras toapproach the surface, so characteristic of J. pannula. 714 CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT. VOL. XIX. The form can not well be identified with the closely related J. labradorica or its variety s:cantonensis, or I. stissingensis, on account of these pecul- iar surface characters, and the name J. alabamaensis is proposed for it. In general form of the valves this species is the same as J, labradorica and J. stissingensis. The specific difference from them, as far as known, is in the surface character. The convexity of the valves is unknown, owing to the compression of the shells in the shale, and we have no information of the area or the pseudodeltidium. It may be that with the obtaining of better material, especially from the limestone, this species will be referred to as a variety of I. stissingensis. Shell sub- stance corneous. Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Coosa Valley shale, Cowan Creek section, Cherokee County, Alabama; also in Rogersville shale, 4 miles northeast of Rogersville, Tennessee, back of Big Creek, south- east of Harlans Knob. (No. 26432, U.S.N.M.) YORKIA, new genus. Shell inarticulate, subeircular to suborbicular in outline. Apex of ventral (pedicle) valve perforate, marginal, with a false area and a pseudodeltidium, The cast of the interior of the valve shows a fora- men which penetrated obliquely upward and backward through the thick umbonal portion of the shell. Two narrow furrows converge from the side of the foraminal opening toward the longitudinal mesial depression and then diverge toward the antero-lateral portions of the shell. The dorsal (brachial) valve has a well-defined area and an obscure pseudodeltidium. The interior of this valve has a pair of broad, diverg- ing, Shear-shaped furrows passing directly forward from the beak for a short distance and then diverging to the outer margin, but not suf- ficiently to affect the outward curve of the inner margin. Shell substance probably calcareous. External surface marked with more or less prominent concentric strive and lines of growth. Type.— Yorkia wanneri. The area and pseudodeltidium of the ventral valve resemble the same parts in Trematobolus insignis, Matthew,'! but the foramen is quite different, and generally the interior of the dorsal valve also serves to distinguish the forms. To Discinopsis, Matthew,’ there is a resem- blance in the markings of the interior of the dorsal valve. Discinopsis, however, is founded upon a small, apparently corneous shell, which so far as known, has no area or pseudodeltidium, and it is closely related to Acrothele. Yorkia differs from Acrothele in its pronounced area, substance of shell, and place of origin of vascular trunks. I do not know of any other genus of the Siphonotretidw with which it can be compared. 1 Can. Rec. ef Sci., V, 1893, p. 277. ?Pal.N.Y., VIII, Pt. 1, 1892, p. 105. No. 1120. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 715 YORKIA WANNERI, new species. (Plate LX, figs. 1, la—le.) Shell subcireular to suborbicular in outline, moderately convex, with the apices of the valves marginal. Ventral (pedicle) valve highest at the beak, which is truncated by a circular foraminal opening; car- dinal slope angular and slightly incurved, so as to torm a narrow false area on each side of the slightly convex, rather broad pseudo- deltidium. Numerous casts show the pseudodeltidium, false area, and a large filling or cast of the foramen which extended obliquely backward through the thickened umbonal portion of the Shell to the apex. Ona cast of the interior of the valve there are two elongated muscular or vascular (probably the latter) impressions that extend from the antero- lateral base of the foraminal opening inward to nearly the median line, and then diagonally outward toward the anterior lateral margin of the Shell. There is also a slight median longitudinal ridge that corresponds to a depression in the interior of the shell. (Plate LX, figs. 1b, 1¢.) In other casts strive or lines only are shown radiating outward from the base of the foramen. Fine transverse strive cross the narrow area and then incurve and cross the pseudodeltidium. The dorsal (brachial) valve has a well-defined area, with an obscure pseudodeltidium parting it midway. The cast of the interior of the valve shows two broad, shear-shaped diverging ridges that extend from near the apex to the center of the shell. Numerous vascular markings extend outward from the ridges. These ridges may indicate the mus- cular scars or merely the main trunks of the vascular depressions. The surface of the area is marked by fine transverse strive that abruptly incurve toward the front of the area, so as to follow along its anterior margin to the pseudodeltidium. The surfaces of both valves, as shown in the casts, are smooth, except where marked by concentric lines of growth. Shell substance unknown, but probably calcareous. It is dissolved away in all the specimens in the collection, only the impression of the shell remaining in the decomposed arenaceous limestone. This species occurs in abundance, associated with Billingsella fes tinata, Hyolithes americanus, Salterella conica, new species, and frag- ments of Olenellus. Formation and locality.— Lower Cambrian, York Terrane, on left bank of Codorus Creek, one-eighth of a mile below Meyer’s Mill, near EKmigsville, 4 miles north of York, Pennsylvania. (No, 26433, U.S.N.M.) YORKIA ? WASHINGTONENSIS, new species. (Plate LX, fig. 3.) Ventral (pedicle) valve longitudinally ovate, depressed, convex. Area and pseudodeltidium invisible, but, from the character of the for- amen and its resemblance to the foramen of Y. wanneri, it is probable 716 CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT. VOL. XIX. that the area was somewhat similar to the area of that species. The cast of the interior of the ventral valve shows a rather long, large foramen, in advance of which two ridges (vascular trunks) diverge somewhat, as in the ventral valve of Y. wanneri. There is also present a short longitudinal depression in the cast, which indicates a corre- sponding mesial ridge just in advance of the foramen. The surface of the interior of the shell is marked by fine concentric lines and very fine interior ridges. Shell substance apparently corneous. This species is founded upon two semicasts of the ventral valve, preserved in compact gray limestone. The shell appears to be very thin over the outer portions and thick over the umbonal region. The generic reference is somewhat doubtful, owing to the close generic relations of Yorkia, Acrothele, and Discinopsis. The foramen and form of the vascular trunks suggest Yorkia, while the shell substance and surface characters are more those of Acrothele. Formation and locality — Lower Cambrian, one-fourth mile east of Salem, Washington County, New York. (No. 26434, U.S.N.M.) ACROTHELE DECIPIENS, new species. (Plate LX, fig. 2.) General form of the ventral (pedicle) valve nearly circular, the length and breadth being nearly the same; moderately convex, most elevated at the apex, which is truncated by a rather large foraminal opening. Cardinal slopes rounded, forming an obscure false area on each side of the flattened pseudodeltidium, which appears to have a slight groove down its center. Surface marked by fine concentric strive and lines of growth, which pass around back over the area and pseudodeltidium. Shell substance corneous, or it may be phosphatic. The shell has the same appearance as Acrothele and Linnarssonia. Only one specimen of this shell was found associated with Linnars- sonia and fragments of Olenellus, in a fine gray limestone interbedded in the Lower Cambrian shale. It resembles quite strongly the ventral valve of Discinopsis gulielmi, Matthew, illustrated by Hall and Clarke.! It differs, however, in the presence of an obscure pseudodeltidium, and for the present I prefer to place it with Acrothele until more is known of the genus Discinopsis. Formation and locality—Lower Cambrian, York Terrane, 1} miles north of Stoner’s Station, York and Wrightsville Railroad, York County, Pennsylvania. (No. 26435, U.S.N.M.) ACROTHELE BELLULA, new species. (Plate LX, figs. 4, 4a—4e.) General form of valves subcircular, moderately convex. Ventral (pedicle) valve highest at the apex and perforated by a circular fora- men, in front of which there are two small, short, sharp spines. “he ‘Pal. N. Y., VIII, -Pt. 1, 1892, pl. 1, fig. 20. ey ~ NO. 1120. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Te cardinal slope forms a narrow, rounded, obscure false area on each side of w small, low, slightly convex pseudodeltidium. Both the area and the pseudodeltidium are scarcely observable in most specimens. On casts of the interior the pseudodeltidium is more plainly shown (Fig. 4e), but the general surface of the exterior of the shell rounds into the false area, with scarcely any line of demarcation. - = eee aa) See ee eee ee 4, Exterior of a ventral valve. x 6. Taken from cast in a natural matrix in a siliceous nodule. 4a. Compressed ventral valve in shale. x 6. 4b. Natural cast of the interior of a ventral valve. x8. 4c. Interior of dorsal valve. Taken from a natural cast of the interior occurring in a siliceous nodule. x 6. 4d. Natural cast of an interior of a dorsal valve. x 6. 4e. Cast of the interior of a dorsal valve occurring in shale. x 6. 712 713 713 ~] — or -~I — oO ~l _ o U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. LIX. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XIX PL. LX. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA eS ) DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW MAMMALS FROM NORTH AMERICA. By EpeGar A. MEARNS, M. D., Assistant Surgeon, United States Army. AMONG the collections of mammals lately made by the writer in the southwestern part of the United States are severai forms that appear to be new to science. These are described in the present paper, together with an apparently new species of wood rat, sent to me for determi- nation by Doctor J. A. Allen, curator of mammals in the American Museum of Natural History, New York. THOMOMYS FULVUS INTERMEDIUS, new subspecies. INTERMEDIATE POCKET-GOPHER. Type.—No. 34542, U.S.N.M. (Collection International Boundary Com- mission). Adult male, from the aspen and spruce zone at the summit of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona; altitude, 9,000 feet. Collected by Mr. fF. X. Holzner, September 6, 1893. Original number, 1013. Description of type.—Slightly smaller than Thomomys fulvus, equaling T. peregrinus. General color mars brown, with a broad dorsal area of plumbeous black extending from nose to rump. Feet and tail soiled white. When the pelage is worn, the plumbeous underfur shows through between the tips of the hairs of the under surface. Length, 220 mm.; tail, 66; hind foot, 24. Skull, 31.5 by 22. ny. aphical range = ine Boreal Zone of the chain of mountains con- necting the Colorado Plateau with the Plateau of Mexico. Remarks.—This form is intermediate between Thomomys fulvus (Wood- house) and T. peregrinus, Merriam, though in some respects peculiar. DIPODOMYS MITCHELLI, new species. TIBURON ISLAND KANGAROO RAT. Two specimens of a new kangaroo rat, closely related to Dipodomys merriami simiolus, Rhoads, have recently been sent me by Mr. J. W. Mitchell, who trapped them on Tiburon Island, in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Mr. Mitchell has, for some time past, been eneaeee. in making PROCEEDINGS U. S. NGSONEE Museum, vou XIX—No. 1121. 719 720 SIX NEW NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS—MEARNS. VOL. XIX, explorations in western Sonora, and visited Tiburon Island in company with Mr. W J MeGee, of the Bureau of Ethnology, in December, 1895, With a meager supply of traps, Mr. Mitchell succeeded in capturing two species of small mammals—a Dipodomys and a Peromyscus—both of which differ from the forms found on the adjacent mainland of Sonora. though plainly showing that they originated from them. Type.—N 0. 63188, U.S.N.M. (Collection International Boundary Com- mission). Adult female, skin and skull, from Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Collected by Mr. J. W. Mitchell, December 23, 1895. Original number, 3. Description of type-—Similar to Dipodomys merriami simiolus, Rhoads, but slightly smaller, with much shorter ears and stronger coloration. As in the case of the Tiburon Island mouse, described beyond, the tail is much more heavily coated than that of the corresponding mainland species; the dark band on its upper and under surfaces being jet black in D. mitchelli, mostly light drab in D. m. simiolus. The ears are more densely clothed than in 2). m. simiolus, and are almost black instead of buffy white. The dark stripe on the under side of the hind foot of D. merriami (typical) is obsolete in the subspecies simtolus, but in the present species reappears, and it is intensely black. The body is col- ored like simiolus, except that the sides are more of an ochraceous buff, and the back has more black admixed; the under pelage having a darker slate color. The tail is bushier at the extremity than in the several forms of D. merriami. A second specimen (No. 63187, U.S.N.M., adult male) agrees in size and coloration with the type. Length of tail vertebra, 140 mm., hind foot, 38.5; skull, 36.5 by 22.5; nasal bones, length, 13.3. Remarks.—I have compared this insular form with Dipodomys merri- ami melanurus, deseribed by Doctor Merriam! from San José del Cabo, Lower California, and found it to be quite different. It is easily dis- tinguished from it by its paler and different coloration, and by the smaller amount of black on the tail. PEROMYSCUS TIBURONENSIS, new species. TIBURON ISLAND DESERT MOUSE. Type.—No, 65186, U.S.N.M. (Collection International Boundary Com- mission). Adult male, skin and skull, from Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Collected by Mr. J. W. Mitehell, December 25 1895. Original number, 1. Description of type.—Smallest of the desert mice, its hind foot meas- uring but 19 min., and ear from notch, 16; skull, 24 by 12 mm. Color above, drab gray, thickly mixed with black; sides, ochraceous cinna- mon; under parts white; ears purplish black, almost naked; tail quite densely coated with blackish hairs. Compared with Peromyscus eremi- ? ‘Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2 ser., III, June 5, 1893, p. 345. No. 1121. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. fa cus its skull is smaller, higher posteriorly, narrower and depressed anteriorly. The audital bullw are much less developed, and the incisive foramina and interpterygoid fossa wider. The teeth are considerably smaller. This species was taken on Tiburon Island by my friend, Mr. J. W. Mitchell, who accompanied Mr. McGee, of the Bureau of Eth- nology, on his exploration in the region inhabited by the Seri Indians, during the season of 1895-96. This insular form was evidently derived from the Peromyscus eremicus of the adjacent mainland, from which it differs in being much smaller, with a darker coloration, more hairy tail, and in having certain cranial peculiarities. PEROMYSCUS STEPHENSI, new species. PALM DESERT MOUSE. Type.—No. 61026, U.S.N.M. (Collection International Boundary Com- mission). Adult female, skin and skull, from the lowest water, on the ragon road, in a canyon, at the eastern base of the Coast Range Moun- tains, San Diego County, California, near the Mexican boundary line. Collected by Doctor Edgar A. Mearns, May 9, 1894. Original number, do12, Description of type—Similar externally to Peromyscus eremicus, but smaller, with a longer tail and much paler coloration. Upper surface grayish cream buff, deepening to a pale ochraceous buff on sides and rump; tail shghtly dusky above, white below, hairy at end; feet and under surface white; whiskers mostly colorless; ears and soles naked, the former slightly pubescent. Length, 195 mm.; tail vertebrie, 108 (to end of hairs, 114); ear from crown, 16; ear from notch, 18.5; distance between eyes, 8; diameter of eye, 3.8; length of longest whisker, 39; from tip of nose to eye, 11.8; to center of pupil, 14; to ear, 20; to tip of ear, 40; to occiput, 26.5; to end of outstretched hind limb, 125; fore limb, measured from olecranon to end of longest claw, 21; length of hand, 9.7; its longest claw, 1.4; hind limb, measured from knee-joint to end of longest claw, 38; length of hind foot, 15; longest claw of pes, 1.7. The skull is strongly depressed anteriorly, with the rostrum produced and the nasals projecting. The zygomatic arches are incurved and convergent anteriorly to meet the sloping zygomatic processes, this feature recalling the configuration of young skulls of the other species of Peromyscus in which the brain-case has outgrown the face, though in this case we have the opposite condition, the facial portion being unusually elongated. Named for Mr. Frank Stephens, of California. NEOTOMA ATTWATERI, new species. ATTWATER’S WOOD RAT. Doctor J. A. Allen recently sent me seven skins and five skulls of what proves to be a new species of Neotoma, with permission to com- pare them with the material in the United States National Museum Proce Ni Vi vol exis 46 722 SIX NEW NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS—MEARNS. VOL. XIX. and determine them, as he was of the opinion that they were not Neo- toma mexicana to which he had previously with much doubt provision- ally referred them. This surmise is quite correct. The specimens in question represent a wholly different group of round-tailed wood rats, not closely related to NV. mexicana or to any of the western species of the Mexican boundary region. A glance suffices to show that it is not the Texan wood rat (.V. micropus, Baird). In coloration it resembles N. leucodon of Merriam, from farther south, in San Luis Potosi, Mexico; but it is less reddish, and has smaller ears than that species. Com- pared with V. leucodon, its skull exhibits important differences in the size and shape of the post-palatal notch, in the teeth, and in the much greater length of the nasal bones and rostrum. Comparison with the members of the V. floridana group from the neighboring States—Louis- iana, Mississippi, Indian Territory, and Kansas—shows it to be a closely related form, The skull, including the teeth, agrees almost exactly with V. floridana. Externally it differs only in having a softer and finer coat, a much more hairy tail, and a paler and grayer coloration Members of the floridana group have been described from Nebraska and Kansas, under the names Neotoma baileyi, Merriam,' and N. cam- pestris, Allen. From these, V. attweateri differs in several minor cra- nial characters, as well as in the color and texture of the furry coat. It is not improbable, however, that all of these forms may prove to be but geographic races of N. floridana. Type.—No. +3254, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Adult female, collected De- cember 10, 1895, at Lacey’s ranch (“high land, covered with oak, and rocky”), on Turtle Creek, Kerr County, Texas, by Mr. H. P. Attwater. Original number, 115. Description.—No. 12294 (Collection of the American Museum of Nat- ural History, New York) is a fine old male, in perfect winter pelage, killed February 3, 1896. The ears are small, like those of V. floridana. Vail well covered with hair. Pelage long, dense, and soft. Upper sur- face of body ochraceous buff, mixed with grayish above and strongly lined with black; sides clearer ochraceous buff. Outer surface of limbs light gray. Under surfaces creamy white. Feet all white but the heel, which is light plumbeous. Whiskers black or colorless, and very long (SO mm.). Upper side of head smoke gray. The under pelage is dark plumbeous on the upper and white on the lower side of the body. The tail, which is sharply bicolored, is mouse gray above and white below. The type is patchy, having small areas of smoke gray in the general yellowish brown of the upper surface. Mr. Attwater’s measurements are: Length, 387 mm.; tail vertebrie, 178; hind foot, 39.4. Half-grown young are smoke gray above, drab gray on the sides, and white below; upper side of tail, mouse gray. The skull of the type measures 52 by 27 mm. in its greatest diameters. 'Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., IX, July 2, 1894, p. 123. ? Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI, November 7, 1894, p. 322. no.1121, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 723 It is similar in shape, and in its dental characters, to that of NVeotoma floridana, from which it differs only in being rather high in the frontal region, with the zygomatic arches more prominent posteriorly. The five skulls examined have a prominent crest on the basioceipital bone, which is absent in V. floridana. The rostral pertion of the skull is as long as thatof V. floridana, the nasal bones measuring 20 mm. in length. The teeth agree closely with those of V. floridana. For the inaterials used in making these comparisons I am indebted to Doctor C. Hart Merriam and the authorities of the United States National Museum. This species is named in honor of Mr. H. P. Attwater, of San Antonio, Texas. ERETHIZON EPIXANTHUS COUESI, new subspecies. ARIZONA PORCUPINE. In 1887 I collected a small porcupine in the Mogollon Mountains of central Arizona, which differed in important respects from both the Canadian porcupine (Hrethizon dorsatus) and the Pacitlic Coast species (Brethizon epixanthus); but owing to the lack of materials for a satis- factory comparison, I abstained from naming the new form. At the present time, owing largely to the efforts of Mr. Frederick W. True, curator of the department of maminals, the United States National Museum is possessed of a very respectable series of American porcu- pines from localities extending from Labrador to Pennsylvania in the East, and from Alaska to Arizona in the West. The Arizona porcu- pine differs so widely from /. dorsatus that comparison is unnecessary. EF. epivanthus was described by Brandt! from five specimens from the west coast of North America (California and Unalaska) in the museum at St. Petersburg. The fine series of skins and skulls from Alaska and northern California, collected by Messrs. McKay, Townsend, True, Prentiss, and others, furnish excellent material for comparison of the Arizona form with true Hrethizon epixanthus, which latter is a much larger, yellower,.and more richly colored animal. The name Hystrix pilosus, applied by Doctor Woodhouse to the porcupine of New Mexico,’ is preoccupied by the Hystrix pilosus of Richardson. * For reasons not apparent, Gray’s name, Hrethizon (Hchinoprocta) rufescens, based on an animal from ‘* Columbia,” has long figured in our mamumalogies as a synonym of Hrethizon epixanthus Brandt. Having exhausted the list of synonyms without finding a name that can be applied to the Arizona porcupine, I take pleasure in naming it in honor of Doctor Elliott Coues, who collected the type specimen (No. $14, U.S.N.M.), at Fort Whipple, Arizona. al 'Mém. Acad. St. Petersburg, 1835, IX, pl. 1 (animal), figs. 1-4 (skull). 2 Sitgreaves’s Expedition down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers, 1853, p. 54. * Fauna Boreali-Americana, I, 1829, p. 214. 724 SIX NEW NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS—MEARNS. VOL. XIX. Description.—Smaller than Hrethizon epivanthus, with larger external and internal organs of hearing and a much paler and duller coloration. Dorsum covered with white quills, which are narrowly pointed with brown and mixed with very long and rigid hairs, many of which are broadly tipped or banded at base with whitish; color darkest on middle of rump. Muzzle, feet, and under surface of body, brown, with more or less admixture of gray-tipped hairs. Two specimens (Nos. 3'¢; and 344%, U.S.N.M.) collected by Doctor ©. B. R. Kennerly, on Bill Williams’s Fork, an Arizona tributary of the Colorado River, are in good winter coat, having been killed in Decem. ber or January of the year 1853 or 1854. The long, coarse hair is yel- lowish instead of grayish white, and the quills of the dorsal surface are concealed by dense, woolly underfur, which is absent in the Fort Whipple specimen, which appears to have been killed in summer, A specimen collected by the writer in the Mogollon Mountains, Yavapai County, Arizona (No. 2404, Collection of the American Museum of Natural History, New York), agrees with the above except that it is paler and grayer, having a dusty appearance. Cranial characters.—The skull shows the type specimen to have been nearly adult, the teeth being mature, although the cranial sutures are quite evident and the osseous crests but slightly developed. Selecting for comparison a specimen of similar age from northern California, collected by Mr. Charles Hl. Townsend, the most striking difference, aside from the much larger size of the California specimen—which measures 98 ini. in total length against 86 in the type of the subspecies couesi—is the enormous development of the audital bulla in the Arizona animal, in which it measures 2l by 16.7 mm. against 19 by 15 in the Californian. Other skulls from Arizona and New Mexico bear out these characters. though I am unable to detect any other cranial differ- ences. None of the specimens examined were measured when fresh. THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS (COCCID 4). By T. D. A, COCKERELL. Entomologist of the New Mexico Agricultural E-cperiment Station. Introduction.—It is not pretended that the following summary is complete; to make it so would involve a much more elaborate search through the scattered literature than the writer has now opportunity for; and even then, a few months would inevitably bring new records, and make it incomplete again. It is, however, hoped that the sum- mary will be of service, as bringing together the great majority of the records, and indicating to the horticulturist what scale insects he may expect to find on any given plant or group of plants. While it can not be regarded as valid negative evidence, it presents a large mass of facts which are of great importance from several points of view. ‘Two prac- tical points may be emphasized—one, the unexpected number of coccids found on many of the cultivated trees and shrubs; and the other, the frequency with which species dangerous to fruit trees will occur on ornamental plants, which may be carried from place to place and be the means of disseminating the seales. In preparing the summary, it has been found in many cases neces- sary to correct the names of the plants given by writers on Coccide. It is much to be desired that entomologists should be more careful to correctly cite the names of plants they have occasion to mention. A eard catalogue of host plants of Coccidie is in preparation, and may be seen at the United States Department of Agriculture. It may be possible some day to complete it and publish a second and com- plete edition of the present essay. Such a second edition would be much larger than the present, for not only would it contain all the scattered records of the past, but very numerous additions, which wili be found in Green’s forthcoming monograph of the Coccidie of Ceylon, and other works projected or in preparation. It must of course be understood that the plants given as the hosts of Coccide have been in very many cases so infested only since they came into cultivation. It would be very desirable to distinguish in every case between the endogenetic and exogenetic coccids on a plant; and also between those exogenetic in a state of nature, and those only so in cultivation. But to do this would require more information than we at present possess. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XIX—No. 1122 726 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. — Vou.xIx. The abbreviations used will be understood by all coccidologists; but it may be mentioned that “Sign. Essai” is Signoret’s ‘“‘ Essai sur les Cochenilles,” ‘*Comst., 2d Cornell Rep.” is Comstock’s 1883 report as entomologist of Cornell University Experiment Station, ‘Tr. N. Z. Inst.” is the Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, and ‘Scale Ins. N. Z.” is Maskell’s work on the Seale Insects of New Zealand. RANUNCULACE A. Dactylopius destructor Comstock (= cifri Risso) has been found on the garden Pwonia. (Howard, Bull. 5, Div. Ent., U. 8S. Dept. Agric., p. 17.) Sasaki records Diaspis patelliformis from P. moutan. DILLENIACE£. A small order of tropical and Australian trees and shrubs. Hibber- tia, much the largest genus, contains a number of species cultivated in greenhouses. H, linearis, Robert Brown, and H. virgata, Robert Brown, both natives of Australia, are the food plants of Dactylopius hibbertia, Mas- kell. This is a dark purple mealy bug, resting on a cushion of yellow cotton.! MAGNOLIACE AZ. Trees of Asia and North America, with some representatives in South America. In Australia and New Zealand the order is represented only by a few species of Drimys; D. colorata, Raoul, in New Zealand, sup- ports Mytilaspis drimydis, Maskell, and Inglisia patella, Maskell. Com- stock quotes Maskell as to Mytilaspis cordylinidis, Maskell, being also found on Drimys. Two species of the genus, at least, occur in cultiva- tion. Coquillett records the exogenetie Aspidiotus nerii, Bouché, on the North American Magnolia fetida, Linnieus (grandiflora, Linnzeus). Lecanium tulipifere, Cook, which is very likely the same as the undescribed Coccus liriodendri of the last century, infests Liriodendron tulipifera, Linnieus. The Asiatic Magnoliacee certainly should be searched for Coecids. ANONACE. A large order of tropical trees, several being valuable for their fruit. The Sweet Sop, Anona squamosa, Linniwus, is a native of tropical Amer- ica, and in Jamaica is infested by Lecanium hemisphericum, Targioni- Tozzetti, and Dactylopius virgatus, Cockerell. It has also been taken for the sake of its fruit to India, where it becomes a food plant of Tachardia lacca, Kerr? and the unrecognizable Coccus trichodes, Ander- Tr, N. Z. Inst.,; XXIV, p. 32. 2Watt, Dict. Ec. Prod. India. o ee No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. (2a bond son. The Sour Sop, Anona muricata Linneus, is a small tree, native of the West Indies; on it are found Lecanium hemisphericum, Targioni- Tozzetti, and Ceroplastes denudatus, Cockerell. Anonacherimolia, Miller (syn. tripetala), is also neotropical, but in Fiji it supports Lecanium chirimolie, Maskell, which, however, is now considered a synonym of the wide-spread L. longulwn, The lancewood of Jamaica (Bocagea) is the host plant of Ceroplastes jameicensis, White. MENISPERMACE£. A large order of tropical climbing plants. Tinospora (olim Meni- spermum) cordifolia is recorded as supporting the unrecognizable Coccus vogenes, Anderson, in India. BE RS Epi Ax. The palearetic Berberis vulgaris is the food plant of Lecanium berber- idis, Schrank. CRU CIFPER A“. A boreal species, Arabis stricta, produces Asterelecanium arabidis, Lichtenstein. CISTINE-. Lecaniodiaspis sardoa, Targioni-Tozzetti, is found upon Cistus, VIOLACE~. Cultivated violets in Jamaica are infested by Dactylopius virgatus, Cockerell, and Orthezia insignis, Douglas. In New Zealand Melicytus ramiflorus, Forster, produces Chionaspis dysoryli, Maskell; and /ymen- anthera crassifolia, Hooker, is the food of Ctenochiton hymenanthera, Maskell; Diaspis santali, Maskell, occurs on Melicytus. PIELOSPORE A. Pittosporum is a comparatively large genus of small trees and shrubs, with often fragrant flowers. Maskell records Fiorinia astelia, Maskell, on the New Zealand P. tenuifolium, Gaertner; and Hriococcus para- doxus, Maskell, and Parlatoria pittospori, Maskell, on the Australian P. unduiatum, Ventenat. He also records from Pittosporum, species not stated, Ctenochiton perforatus, Maskell, C. viridis, Maskell, and Dactylopius glaucus, Maskell. In cultivation in this country the species of Pittosporum seem rather subject to the attacks of exogenetic coccids; Soquillett mentions [cerya purchasi, Maskell, and Lecanium hesperidum, Linnieus. Bursaria consists apparently of only two species, one in Australia, the other in the Philippine Islands. The former, /. spinosa, is infested by Eriococcus eucalypti, Maskell, and HL. tepperi, Maskell. 128 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. VOL. XIX. CARYOPHY LLEA-: In Europe Stellaria holostea supports, in common with various other low plants, Orthezia urtice, Linneus.! TAMARISCINEAZ. A small order, best known by the Old World genus Tamarix, common in cultivation. 7. gallica of Mount Sinai and other localities produces the Gossyparia mannifera, Hardwick. In cultivation, I have found the tamarisk free from coccids, but Coquillett records Icerya purchast, Maskell, exogenetically upon it. Fouquiera splendens, one of the most curious native plants of New Mexico and northern Mexico, commouly used for hedges, is rarely found infested by Dactylopius townsendi, Cockerell. HY PERICINE A: The unrecognizable Coccus hypericonis, Gmelin, is recorded from the European Hypericum perforatum. GUTTIFERA.. A large order of tropical trees and shrubs, mostly American and Asiatic. Clusia alba, Jacquin, is attacked by Icerya montserratensis, Riley and Howard, in Trinidad. Mammea americana, Linnieus, is cul- tivated in the Sandwich Islands, and there infested by Pulvinaria mammee, Maskell, which, however, may be exogenetic. At any rate, no such Pulvinaria has been found on the mammee in the West Indies. TERNSTREMIACE A. Another fairly large order,well known from the camellia and tea plant, both now referred to the genus Camellia. Schima crenata is cited as a food plant of Tachardia laeca, Kerr. The common camellia, C. japonica, a native of Japan and China, is much attacked by scale insects in cul- tivation. The listis Aspidiotus spinosus, Comstock, A. rapaxr, Comstock, A. degeneratus, Leonardi, Fiorinia fiorinie var. camellia, Comstock, Parlatoria pergandei, Comstock, var. camellie, Comstock, Pulvinaria camellicola, Signoret, Lecanium hesperidum, Linneeus, L. oleew, Bernard, L. hemisphericum, Targioni-Tozzetti. Chermes camelie of Boisduval ‘an not now be identified; it can not well be what Signoret called Aspidiotus camellia, which is A. rapax. Boisduval’s insect was also found on the tea plant. Aspidiotus duplex, Cockerell, was found by Mr. Ehrhorn on camellia from Japan,at a Japanese nursery in San Francisco. Ceroplastes ceriferus, Anderson, was found by Mr. Craw on ' Douglas, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 298. NO. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 729 camellia from Japan, and sent tome by Mr. Khrhorn. The tea plant, Camellia theifera, also produces several coccids. Maskell reports from it Ceroplastes ceriferus, Anderson, and in America Comstock records Ceroplastes floridensis, Comstock. Mr. EK. ©. Cotes has published! a useful account of the insects which attack the tea plant in India; the coccids he gives as follows: Chionaspis thea, Maskell, Aspidiotus flaves- cens, Green (syn. A. thea, Maskell), A. transparens, Green, Lecanium coffee, Nietner. Green has recorded that Lecaniwm viride, Green, is occasionally found upon tea. According to Green in a letter to the writer, also, his Aspidiotus flavescens is a Diaspis, and therefore not identical with Aspidiotus thea, Maskell, which is a valid species. Parlatori athee, Cockerell, occurs on the tea plant in Japan. DIFPTEROCARPE Ax. An order of tropical trees. Two species of Shorea are infested by Tachardia lacea, Werr, in India. MALVACEA. A world-wide order, made familiar by such plants as cotton and Hibiscus. Plagianthus and Hoheria are antipodean genera; the former supports Ctenochiton depressus, Maskell, the latter, Hriococcus hoheria, Maskell, Fiorinia stricta, Maskell, and Chionaspis dysoxyli, Maskell. The species of the latter genus is H. populnea, A. Cunningham (syn. angustifolia, Raoul). The Indian Aydia calycina, Roxburgh, is one of the food plants of Tachardia laeca, Kerr. The forms of Abutilon in cultivation offer exogenetic coccids; thus Lounsbury reports Orthezia insignis, Douglas, Coquillett Lecanium olew, Bernard, and Gillette and Baker give a record of Lecanium hesperidum, Linneus. In England, Newstead found Lecanium minimuwn, Newstead. Malva- viscus also is infested by Othezia insignis, Douglas; while in Mexico M. arboreus, Cavanilles, and M. acerifolius, Presl, support Ceroplastes ceriferus, Anderson (syn. or var. dugesti). The latter insect was found by Professor Townsend at Cuautla, Mexico, on Hibiscus. The various varieties of cultivated Hibiscus are decidedly subject to coecid attacks. Inthe West Indies they suffer especially from Lecanium depressum, Targioni-Tozzetti; but also from Chionaspis minor, Maskell, of which there is a curious variety having the habit of burrowing under the epidermis; this was found by Mr. Barber in Antigua. The ordinary form of C. minor is sometimes excessively abundant on the plants. L. longulun, Douglas,® and L. depressum, Targioni-Tozzetti.’ Finally, there is the unrecognizable Coccus trichodes, Anderson. Thus, all told, the guava coccids number nineteen. The common myrtle, Myrtus communis, is attacked by Lecanium hesperidum, Linneus,’ Ceroplastes cirripedifor mts, Comstock,’ C. flort- densis, Comstock,” Chionapsis myrti, Bouché (Signoret, Essai), and Parlatoria myrtts, Maskell.” Lecanium nitens, Cockerell, is found on Myrtus tweediet (Blepharocalyx tweedici, Berg) in Brazil. Coccus erion, Anderson, is reported from Myrtus zeylanicus, but the plant belongs properly to Bugenia. Eugenia is a very large tropical genus. On it are found the following: (1) Vinsonia stellifera, Westwood. On LE. (Jambosa) malaccensis and LE, jambolana. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, I, p. 373; Insect Life, 1893, p. 160. (2) Lecanium mangifere, Green. On E. malaccensis. Cockerell, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., 1893, p. 49. ° (3) Aspidiotus ficus, Ashinead. On #. jambolana, Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, I, p. 373. (4) A. fimbriatus, Maskell. On HL. Smithii, Poir. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p- 208; Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1894, p. 128. (5) Chionaspis eugenia@, Maskell. On Z. elliptica, a native of South America. Mas- kell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 14. MELASTOMACE. Miconia is a very large neotropical genus. Aspidiotus cyanophylli, Signoret, is found on M. magnifica (sy. Cyanophyllum magi ificum). iy Pe RAC EAs. Lounsbury reports the occurrence of Orthezia insignis, Douglas, on Cuphea. Aspidiotus articulatus, Morgan, A. personatus, Comstock, A, ficus, Ashmead, and Ceroplastes sp. have been found on Lawsonia alba (syn. inermis). Tachardia lacca, Kerr, occurs on the Indian Lager- stremia parviflora, Roxburgh. On the pomegranate, Punica granatum, 1 Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 309. 2 Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, August, 1893, p. 3. 8 Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 255. iTr, N. Z. Inst. XXV, p. 223. 5Tbid., p. 219. 6Tpid., p. 221. TTbid., p. 220. 8 Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 118. » Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p M0. 10 Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst.. XN TT, pe ae it Insect Life, V, p. 246. THO THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL, vou. x1x are found Ceroplastes floridensis, Comstock, Lecanium olew, Bernard, Aspidiotus punica, ( Jockerell, A, articulatus, Morgan, and A, personatus, Comstock. ONAGRACE-. From Fuchsia, Coquillett reports Aspidiotus aurantii, Maskell, and A. rapax, Comstock, and Lounsbury, Orthezia insignis, Douglas. Mytilaspis lactea, Maskell, occurs on the New Zealand F, excorticata, Linneeus.! PASSIFLORACE AX Coquillett records Aspidiotus curantti, Maskell, from passion flower. Diaspis amygdali, Tryon, has been found on the neotropical Carica papaya, CACTACE 2. On Mamillaria (Cactus) have been found Diaspis calyptroides, Costa, and Dactylopius mamillarie, Bouché, These two also on Hehinocactus (Signoret, Essai). Dactylopius virgatus, Cockerell, has been found on an undetermined cactus.2 Hriocoecus coccineus, Cockerell, is from a cactus in a Nebraska greenhouse, The following are reported from Opuntia: (1) Coccus cacti, Linnweus. Cockerell, Amer. Nat., 1893, p. 1044. Signoret, Essai. (2) C. tomentosus, Lamarck. Cockerell, Amer. Nat., 1893, p. 1044. On O, tuna, Miller, (3) C. confusus, Cockerell,. Cockerell, Amer. Nat., 1893, p. 1044. On 0. versicolor and O. leptocaulis. Cockerell, Amer. Nat., 1895, p. 728. (4) Diaspis cacti, Comstock. Found by Professor Toumey in Arizona on O. fulgida and O, arborescens. In New Mexico on 0. Engelmanni, Garden and Forest, 1895. (5) D. cacti var. opuntia, Cockerell. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 256. (6) D. cacti var. opunticola, Newstead. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893. In Demerara. (7) Mytilaspis philococeus, Cockerell. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1893, p. 252. Mexico. On O. coccinellifera. In (8) Dactylopius longispinus, Targioni-Tozzetti (longifilis). On prickly pear cactus. Lintner, 2d N. Y. Rept., p. 56. The Opuntia coceinellifera is more properly called Nopalea coceinell. era, Salm-Dyck. It is a native of Mexico. FICOLDA CEE On Mesembryanthemum is found | -ulvinaria mesembryanthemi, Vallot;? P. biplicata, from M. acinaciforme, Linniwus, is the same insect. ‘Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VII, p. 48. * Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p. 259. * Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1887, p. 24. Reieerts > wo. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 751 WUMeE Rothe EA, Concerning Lecanium persica, Fabricius, accidentally occurring on an umbellifer.! Chionaspis bilobis, Newst sad, is found on Pituranthos sco- parius (syn. Deverra scoparia, Cosson and Durand), in Algeria.’ Coccus piloselle, Linneus, a species not now recognized, was said to be found on Pimpinella as well as Hieracium. Coccus halophilus, Hardy (believed to be a Ripersia), occurred on Ligusticum scoticum. A Dactylopius was found by Mr. W. Fawcett on wild carrot at Cinchona, Jamaica, and transmitted to me by Professor Townsend, but the material was insuf- ficient for determination. ARALIACE. Gillette and Baker’ report Aspidiotus rapa, Comstock (camellia), and Lecanium hesperidum, Linnieus, from Aralia. A. guilfoylei, Cogniaux and Marchand, a native of the Pacific islands, when cultivated in Jamaica, was attacked by Aspidiotus articulatus, Morgan, and A. per- sonatus, Comstock.t On the New Zealand Panaxr arboreum, Forster, are found Fiorinia minima, Maskell, Ctenochiton flavus, Maskell, C. fus- cus, Maskell, C. perforatus, Maskell, C. viridis, Maskell, and Dactylopius glaucus, Maskell.” For an account of the Coccide found on ivy (Hedera helix) see Cockerell.© The species are Phenacoccus hedere, Signoret, Lichtensia viburni, Signoret* Lecanium maculatum, Signoret, L. hesperidum, Lin- neus, and var. lauwri, Aspidiotus hederw, Vallot (including nerii?), and Asterolecanium hedere, Lichtenstein (syn. massalongianum). CORNACE. Corokia is a genus of two species, confined to New Zealand. On ’. cotoneaster are found, as reported by Maskell, Solenophora corokie, Maskell,’ Aspidiotus corokte, Maskell,° and Inglisia inconspicua, Maskell." On Cornus sanguinea have been found Lecanium corni, Bouché, and L. tarsale, Signoret (Signoret, Essai); on C. californicus and other species, Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouché. Recently, Professor Harvey sent ine I. pomorum on twigs of Cornus from Orono, Maine, with the remark 1Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p. 256. 2Newstead, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1895, p. 233. 3Hemip. Colo., p. 128. 4Cockerell, Insect Life, V, p. 245. 5 Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 113. 6 Ent. News, 1894, p. 210. 7Newstead, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1895, p. 166, 8Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 142. 9Tbid., XXIII, p. 2. l0Tbid., XXIV, p. 20. 152 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. vou. xix. that it was abundant. Mr. C. F. Schautuss sent MW. pomorum on Cornus alba, foliis variegatis, from Meissen, Saxony.’ Chionaspis nyssa, Comstock, was found in North Carolina on Vyssa multiflora, Wangerheim. CAPRIFOLIACE A] Signoret cites Lichtensia viburni, Signoret, and Dactylopius viburni, Signoret, from Viburnum tinus. From Viburnum, species not stated, Maskell records Parlatoria myrtus, Maskell,’ and Chionaspis eugenia, Maskell.” Coccus wylostei, Schrank, a species not now recognized, was found on Lonicera xylosteum, Linnweus. Comstock reports Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouche, as found on Lonicera. RUBIACE. A large order. Can. Ent., 1894, p. 127. > Insect Life, V, p. 247. 4 Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 62. No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 759 (10) Aspidiotus aurantii, Maskell. On S. douglasii. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric. (11) A. nerii, Bouché. On 8, douglasii. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric. (12) Coecus koleos, Anderson. On S. melongena. See Signoret, Essai. Two species have been found on the tomato, Lycopersicum lycoper- sicum (Solanum lycopersicum, Lycopersicum esculentum). These are the unrecognizable Coccus trichodes, Anderson, and an undetermined Dacty- lopius on the roots.’ It is quite probable that the Dactylopius was D. solani, Cockerell. The following have been recorded from red pepper (Capsicum) : (1) Lecanium olew, Bernard. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric. (2) Pulvinaria urbicola, Cockerell. Cockerell, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 160. (3) Chionaspis minor, Maskell. Cockerell, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893, p. 17. (4) Diaspis amygdali, Tryon (—lanctus). Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1892, p. 137. The following are recorded from Cestrum (including Habrothamnus) : (1) Dactylopius citri, Boisduval. On Habrothamnus. Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 125. (2) Lecanium olev, Bernard. On C. (H.) elegans. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., WES: Dept. Agric. See also Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 139. (8) Pulvinaria cestri, Signoret. Signoret Essai. (4) Coccus tuberculatus, Bouché. Signoret, Essai. A species of unknown relation- ships. Lecanium olle, Bernard, is recorded? from Meyenia alba, but there is no such name in Index Kewensis. Is it Cestrum album? Lounsbury records Orthezia insignis, Douglas, from Petunia. Aspi- diotus articulatus, Morgan, has been observed on Brunfelsia americana? SGROPHULEARIAGEA. Dactylopius calceolarie of Maskell occurs on Calceolaria. Maskell records Poliaspis media, Maskell, and Lecaniwm hesperidum, Linneus, trom Veronica; Gillette and Baker‘ cite L. hesperidum, Linneus, from V. hendersonii. Coccus piloselle, Linneus, a doubtful species, is found on Melampyrum arvense, Linneus, and JM. nemorosum, Linneus. OROBRANCHACE. Dactylopius aphyllonis, Cockerell, is from Aphyllon fasciculatum.? BIGNONIACE 4. On Bignonia magnifica, Bull, have occurred Pulvinaria cupanie, Cockerell, Aspidiotus articulatus, Morgan, and A. ficus, Ashmead ® 1Inseect Life, III, p. 413. 2Cockerell, Insect Life, 1893, p. 160. 3Cockerell, Insect Life, 1893, p. 159. 4Hemip. Colo., p. 127. i 5 Cockerell, Psyche Supp., 1895, p. 8. 6 Cockerell, Insect Life, V, p. 246. 760 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. VOL. XIX. Ceroplastes cistudiformis, Cockerell, has been found on Bignonia.' Coquillett has reported Icerya purchasi, Maskell, from Tecoma. Dolich- androne rheedii, Seeman, is cited by Watt as a food plant of Tachardia lacea, Kerr, ACANTHACE. Phenacoccus barberi, Cockerell, has been observed on Thunbergia grandiflora’ Diaspis amygdali, Tryon (= lanatus), occurs on Acanthus. Branthemum variegatum (this name not in Index Kewensis) is freely attacked by Lecanium hemisphericum, Targioni-Tozzetti, while Orthezia insignis, Douglas, also occurs upon it. Lounsbury records Orthezia insignis, Douglas, from Vacobinia (syn. Libonia), also from Peristrophe. From Hygrophila spinosa, T, Anderson, Newstead describes his Pulvin- aria obscura and Dactylopius viridis. Orthezia prelonga, Douglas, occurs on Sanchezia.’ MYOPORACE A: The following have been found on Myoporum (frequently misspelled Myosporum): (1) Icerya purchasi, Maskell. Coquillett, Rept. Dept. Agric. for 1888, p. 84. (2) Friococcus pallidus, Maskell. On the New Zealand MW. letum, Forster. Maskell, Tr. IN. Zi. mst. XOMLU peal (3) Lecanium olew, Bernard. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric. (4) Pulvinaria dodoneew, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 223. (5) Aspidiotus rapax, Comstock. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric. VERBENACEA. Lounsbury records Orthezia insignis, Douglas, from Lippia (syn. Alo- ysia); the same insect is also found on Lantana and Verbena. Tectona grandis is a food plant of Tachardia lacca, Kerr. Maskell reports Aspidiotus carpodeti, Maskell, from Vitex littoralis; he also records Diaspis santali, Maskell, from .Vitex.® LABIATA. Coleus, and according to Lounsbury especially C. verschaffeltii, is badly infested by Orthezia insignis, Douglas.’ Phenacoecus barberi, Cockerell, has occurred on Coleus.’ Dactylopius lavandule, Signoret, 'Cockerell, Zoe, 1893, p. 104. 2?Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 61. ’Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, I, p. 373. ‘Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 307; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1893, p. 55; Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VII, p. 59. 'Ent. Mo. Mag., 1891, p. 247. Tr. N. 4. Insts, SOG ppasloos 7Lounsbury, Ann. Rept. Mass. Coll. for 1894; Cockerell, Ent., 1892, p. 181; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, 1895, p. 60. §’Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, 1895, p. 61. ; No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 761 occurs on Lavandula stechas, Linneus. From Mentha I have recorded Orthezia insignis, Douglas, and some juvenile Lecaniine.’ Hriococcus thymi, Schrank, is found on Thymus vulgaris. From Salvia are known: (1) Icerya purchasi, Maskell. Coquillett, Rept. Dept. Agric. for 1888. (2) Lecanium hemispharicum, Targioni-Tozzetti, var. Cockerell, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soce., 1893, p. 55. (3) Orthezia insignis, Douglas, Lounsbury, Ann. Rept. Mass. Coll. for 1894. From Rosmarinus officinalis comes Eriococcus rorismarinis, Fons- colombe (rect. rosmarini). Coquillett has reported Icerya purchasi, Maskell, from Rosmarinus and also from Nepeta. PLANTAGINACE. Coquillett records Icerya purchasi, Maskell, from Plantago.’ PELE CE BRACE AS. Coccus piloselle, Linneus, is recorded from roots of Herniaria. AMARANTACE. Orthezia insignis, Douglas, is recorded by Lounsbury from Celosta and Alternanthera. GCHENOPODIACE AA. Olliff reports his Pulvinaria maskelli from Rhagodiahastata.’ Orthezia anne, Cockerell, is recorded from Chenopodium.’ Signoretia atriplicis of Maskell*® was from an Atriplex, perhaps A. halimus, Linneus. It after- wards proved that this insect was not a Signoretia, but a Pulvinaria, being in fact identical with P. maskelli, Olliff. Olliff has recorded P. maskelli, Olliff, from A. vesicaria, Hew, and A. nummularia, Lindley.” The following six species are found on Atriplex canescens in New Mexico: 1. Dactylopius solani var. atriplicis, Cock- 4. Lecaniodiaspis yucow var. rufescens, erell. 5. Ceroplastes irregularis. 2. Orthezia anne, Cockerell. 6. Eriococcus neglectus. 3. Mytilaspis albus, Cockerell, var. con- color, Cockerell. (See Amer. Nat., 1895, p. 730; Psyche Supp., 1895, p.8; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1893, p. 403; Can. Ent., 1894, p. 285.) 1Insect Life, V, p. 247. 2Rept. Dept. Agric. for 1888. 3 Agric. Gaz. of New South Wales, November, 1891, p. 667. 4Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1894, p. 285. 5 Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 24; XXVI, p. 77. 6 Agric, Gaz., N.S. W., November, 1891, p. 667; also III, p. 178. 762 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL,. vou. xix. On greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) are found Lecaniodiaspis yucce, Townsend, var. rufescens, Cockerell, and Orthezia anne, Cock- erell.! POLY GONACE Coquillett has recorded Jcerya purchasi, Maskell, from Polygonum. Ripersia rumicis, Maskell, was found at the roots of Rumewx acetosella. Dactylopius arece, Maskell, has occurred on dock.’ Maskell‘ records Fiorinia stricta, Maskell, Priochiton spinosus, Maskell, and Celostoma zelandicum, Maskell, from Muhlenbeckia adspersa, but the species intended is doubtless M. adpressa; there is no M. adspersa, ARISTOLOCHIACE~.. The unrecognizable Coccus asari, Schrank, is from Asarum europeun, Linneus. Mr. Hart has sent me Lecanium hemisphericum, Targioni- Tozzetti, on Aristolochia from Trinidad. PIPERACE/: From Piper excelsum, Forster, Maskell* records Ctenochiton piperis, Maskell, and Dactylopius glaucus, Maskell. MY RISTICACEZ:: On the nutmeg (Jyristica fragrans) there has been found Vinsonia stellifera, Westwood.’ MONIMIACE-. Fiorinia stricta, Maskell, occurs on Hedycarya. Atherosperma is a small genus, with a species in New Zealand, two in Australia, and one in Chile. On A. novezealandie, Hooker, Maskell records the following seven species: 1. Aspidiotus atherosperma, Maskell. 5. Inglisia patella, Maskell. 2. Fiorinia gigas, Maskell (astelie). 6. Eriochiton spinosus, Maskell, 3. Mytilaspis pyriformis, Maskell, 7. Eriococcus pallidus, Maskell. 4, Ctenochiton viridis, Maskell. (For the first six, see Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 111; for the seventh, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 21.) ‘Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 127. ? Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 37. 3Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 231. ‘Scale Ins., N. Z. p. 113. °Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept., Jamaica, 1895, p. 101. = - No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 763 LAU RINACE A. From the camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) Coquillett records Aspidiotus aurantii, Maskell. Pulvinaria pyriformis, Cockerell, is found oncinnamon.' From Persea borbonia (syn. carolinensis) Comstockrecords Aspidiotus persee, Comstock, and A. parlatorioides, Comstock—the latter being really a Pseudoparlatoria. He also reports Ceroplastes floridensis, Comstock, from the same tree. From Persea persea I have recorded Aspidiotus articulatus, Morgan, and A. personatus, Comstock.’ Lecanium lintneri, Cockerell and Bennett, is found on sassafras. Aspi- diotus rapax, Comstock, occurs on Umbellularia californica, On Laurus nobilis, Linnweus, of the Mediterranean region, are Aonidia lauri, Bouché, Lecanium lauri, Boisduval, and Boisduvalia lauri, as recorded by Sig- noret. Maskell records two other species from L. nobilis, namely, Aspidiotus aurantii, Maskell, and Lecanium tessellatum, Signoret.’ He also reports L. hesperidum, Linneeus, from laurel. .Dactylopius indicus, Signoret, is from Laurus indicus, Linneus, but the plant is more properly called Persea indica. PROTEACEA<. Coquillett has reported Lecanium olew, Bernard, from Grevillea robusta, A. Cunningham, a native of Australia. He records Aspidiotus rapax, Comstock, from Leucadendron argenteum, Robert Brown. From Hakea are known: (1) Icerya australis, Maskell. On the Australian H. gibbosa, Cavanilles. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VJ, p. 101. (2) Lecanium depressum, Targioni-Tozzetti. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 220. (3) Aspidiotus acacia var. propinqua, Maskell. On the Australian -1. saligna, Knight. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX V, p. 206. Eriococcus multispinus, Maskell, was found on the New Zealand Knightia excelsa, Robert Brown. The following are from Banksia: (1) Calostoma rubiginosum, Maskell. On the Australian #. integrifolia. Maskell, Fr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 243. (2) Ceronema banksie, Maskell. On B. serrata, Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VII, p. 57. (3) Lecanium frenchii. On B.marginata, Cavanilles (syn. australis). Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst.5-X Vill; ip. 17. (4) Aspidiotus subrubescens, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 207. (5) Mytilaspis grandilobis, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XVID is (6) WM. citricola, Packard. On Bb, integrifolia. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VII, p. 48. Te WAIVE Aa A © Ee Signoret cites Aspidiotus caldesii, Targioni-Tozzetti, from Daphne collina; and A. gnidii and Rhizococeus gnidii, Signoret, from D. gnidium. These plants are European, as well as the coccids. 1 Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept., Jamaica, 1895, p. 102. 2Insect Life, 1895, p. 160. 8Tr, N. Z. Inst., XXV, pp. 206, 219. 764 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. vou. x1x.. ELA AGNACE-. Mr. E. E. Green, in the prospectus of his work on the Coccide of Ceylon, describes Chionaspis eleagni from Eleagnus latifolia in Ceylon. Chionaspis difficilis, Cockerell, and Mytilaspis crawii, Cockerell. are found on Eleagnus in Japan.' LORANTHACE2. For a note on the coccids peculiar to Loranthacee, see Cockerell.2 Diaspis visci, Schrank, is from Viseum album. From Phoradendron comes Lecanium phoradendri, Cockerell. Mr. W. G. Johnson has sent me some Phoradendron flavescens from Palo Alto, California, on which are Lecanium olee, Bernard, and a form of Aspidiotus rapax, Comstock. On Dendrophthora cupressoides, Kichler, in Jamaica, have been found Pulvinaria dendrophthore, Cockerell, and Lecanium hemisphericum, Targioni-Tozzetti.’ SANTALACE A. From Santalum are known: (1) Rhizococcus fossor, Maskell. On S. cunninghamii. Maskell, Scale Ins., N. Z., p. 114. (2) Inglisia foraminifer, Maskell. On S. acuminatum. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV., p. 213. : (3) Diaspis santali, Maskell. On S. cunninghamii. Maskell, Seale Ins, N.Z..p: 1148 (4) Poliaspis exocarpi, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXVI, p. 72. From Exocarpus cupressiformis, a native of Australia, Maskell records Poliaspis exocarpi, Maskell. EUPHORBIACE A. The unrecognizable Coccus oogenes, Anderson, was found on Huphor- bia pilulifera (syn. hirta). Lecanium longulum, Douglas, and Icerya ros@, Riley and Howard, have occurred on Euphorbia—the latter on a cactoid species. Coquillett records Aspidiotus aurantii, Maskell, and Lecanium olew, Bernard, from the castor-oil plant ( Ricinus),—or castor bean, as he calls it. Aspidiotus rossi, Maskell, has been found on Ricinocarpus.? The very doubtful Brachyscelis (?) beyeria, Tepper, is from Beyeria opaca, F. Mueller, in Australia.‘ 'Cockerell, Psyche Supp., 1896, p. 21. *Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1894, p. 15. *Cockerell, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 162; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1893, p. 55. *Cockerell, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1893, p. 50; Bull. Bot. Dept., Jamaica, August, 1893, p. 2. ’Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., AXTY, pil: SR pr ° Tepper, Trans. Roy. Soc., South Australia, XVII, p. 276. "No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 765 The following are found on box (Buxus sempervirens) : (1) Eriococcus buxi, Signoret. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (2) Lecanium hesperidum, Linneus. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 111. (3) Aspidiotus aurantii, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 206. (4) A. hederw, Vallot. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (5) Pinnaspis buxi, Bouché. Signoret, Essai. Formerly placed in Mytilaspis. Coccus oogenes, Anderson, occurred upon Phyllanthus emblica, Lin- neus; Llaveia axvinus, Llave, was found on Jatropha curcas, Linnieus; Tachardia lacca, Kerr, has been found on Aleurites moluccana. From Croton the following are known: (1) Lachardia lacca, Kerr. On C. draco, Schlecht., a species of Mexican origin. Watt.Dict. Econ. Prod. India, II, p. 410. (2) Phenacoccus barberi, Cockerell. Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 61. (3) Dactylopius virgatus, Cockerell, var. farinosus, Cockerell. Cockerell, Can. Ent..,. 1895, p. 259. (4) D. ceriferus, Newstead. Newstead, Ind. Mus. Notes, III, No.5, pp. 4, 5. (5) D. citri, Boisduval. Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, Aug. 1893, p. 3. (6) Lichtensia lutea, Cockerell. At Vera Cruz. Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1893, p. 51. (7) Diaspis pinnulifera, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z., Inst., XXV, p. 208. (8) Mytilaspis citricola, Packard. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VII, p. 48. I doubt if this is the real citricola. (9) M. crotonis, Cockerell. In Jamaica. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 256. (10) Parlatoria pergandei, Comstock, var. crotonis. Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 62. F Pseudoparlatoria ostreata, Cockerell, is destructive to Acalypha mar- ginata, Spreng.’ Dactylopius virgatus, Cockerell, occurs upon Acalypha Ceroplastes albolineatus, Cockerell, was found on Hxcoecaria bicolor, Hasskarl, a native of the Malay region, cultivated in Jamaica.° URTICACE 2. The following are known from Ulmus : (1) Gossyparia ulmi, Geoffroy. On U. campestris. Signoret, Essai, and most other authors. (2) Lecanium ulmi, Linnzeus. Signoret, Essai. On U, campestris. (3) L. carye, Fitch, var. canadense, Cockerell. On U. racemosa. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p. 254. (4) L. pruinosum, Coquillett. On cork elm. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 33. (5) Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathvon. On U. Americana and U, fulva. Mundt, Can. Ent., 1884, p. 240. (6) Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouché (including conchiformis). On U. campestris. Com- stock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140; Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (7) Chionaspis americana, Johnson. On U, americana. Champaign, Illinois (W. G. Johnson). 1 Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1892, p. 136; Insect Life, VI, p. 103. 2 Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, August, 1893, p. 3. ° Townsend, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1895, p. 169. 766 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. Vou. xix. | (8) C. SS Fitch, var. ulmi. ! pean Brownsville, Texas (C. H. T. Townsend). (9) Aspidiotus near perniciosus, Comstock. Brownsville, Texas, found by Professor C.H.T. Townsend, on ash. The specimens are so parasiaced that their iden- tification becomes difficult. { (10) A. ulmi, Johnson. On U. americana. W.G. Johnson, Ent. News, 1896, p. 152. Comstock records Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouché, from Planera. From hackberry (Celtis) the same author reports M. pomorum, Bouché, and Aspidiotus ancylus, Putnam. From Celtis occidentalis are known Pul- vinaria innumerabilis, Rathvon? and Lecaniodiaspis celtidis, Cockerell® Tachardia lacca, Kerr, is found on Celtis tetrandra (syn. roxburghii). Coquillett records Icerya purchasi, Maskell, from Humulus. On the osage orange are found Pulvinaria maclure, Fitch, and Aspidiotus ancylus, Putnam, the latter on Comstock’s authority. The P. maclure is frequently called P. innumerabilis, but see Cockerell.* There is also on osage orange a species of Eulecanium? The following are found on mulberry (Morus) : (1) Dactylopius bromeliv, Bouché. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXVI, p. 89. (2) Lecanium mori, Signoret. On WM. alba. Signoret, Essai. (3) ZL. ribis, Fitch. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p. 255. (4) Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathvon. On M. rubra. Mundt, Can. Ent., 1884, p. 240. (5) P. japonica, Cockerell. In Japan. Cockerell, Psyche Supp., February, 1896, p. 20. (6) Diaspis patelliformis, Sasaki. In Japan. (7) D. pentagona, Targioni-Tozzetti. In Italy On Ficus are found many species, as follows: (1) Icerya purchasi, Maskell. Recorded by Coquillett. (2) I. egyptiacum, Douglas. Insect Life, 1890, p. 105. (3) Tachardia lacea, Kerr. On eight species of Ficus, including F. religiosa, Linneus (Watt). On F. indica, Linnieus, and I’. religiosa (Signoret). (4) Dactylopius longispinus, Targioni-Tozzetti (longifilis). Cockerell, Ent., 1893, P. 266. 1New ee ulmi. Spanair: Scale white, about 2} mm. long, moderately broad, exuvic yellowish brown. Male: Seale very small, obscurely tricarinate, exuvium pale yellowish. Female brown: Five groups of ventral glands, median 18, cephalolaterals 15, caudolaterals 16; median lobes contiguous, rounded at ends, obliquely truncate at sides, not notched. Second lobes much smaller, consisting of a larger notched per- tion, and beyond that a small separated portion, and between these a spine. Third lobes smalland nearly obsolete. A spine laterad of each median lobe. A long spine- like plate laterad of third lobe, beyond which, at some little distance, is a notch, followed by a sort of rudimentary broad erenate fourth lobe, and beyond this a spine and then two very large spine-like plates, not branched, and still further a group of about five large spine-like plates. Anal orifice between posterior ends of cephaloJateral groups of glands, round, slightly broader than long. Perhaps a distinct species. C. americana differs by having the median lobes trilobed, though rather obscurely, and very large spine-like plates branched at tips; there are also more glands in the caudolateral groups. °Mundt, Can. Ent., 1884, p. 240. °>Cockerell, Psyche, Supp., February, 1896, p. 19. 4Science, August 11, 1893, p. 78. 6 Cockerell, Insect Life, VII, p. 209; Can. Ent., 1895, p. 257. NO. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. AiO 4. (5) D. ficus, Signoret. On I’. carica. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (6) Ceroplastes rusci, Linneus. On F. carica. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (7) C. floridensis, Comstock. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1892, p. 54. (8) C. rubens, Maskell. On I’., perhaps macrophylla, Desfoutaines. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 215. (9) Lecanium depressum, Targioni-Tozzetti. On FP. martinicensis (? =laurifolia) and I’, elastica (Signoret). (10) L. olew, Bernard. On F. macrophylla (Coquillett). On F. carica (Cockerell, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1893, p. 55). (11) L. hesperidum, Linneus. On F. macrophylla and on fig (Coquillett.) On PF. elastica (Gillette and Baker). (12) L. longulum, Douglas. Onrubbertree. Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 127. (18) Coccus erion, Anderson. On IF’. indica. An unrecognizable species. (14) Aspidiotus personatus, Comstock. On PF’. near benjamina. Cockerell, Amer. Nat., 1895, p. 726. (15) A. rapar, Comstock (camelliv). On F, elastica (Gillette and Baker). Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 139. (16) 4. ficus, Ashmead. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1892, p. 54. (17) A. articulatus, Morgan. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1892, p. 54. (18) 4. cyanophylli, Signoret. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p.139. On F. indica and I’. laurifolia, Lam. (19) Mytilaspis ficus, Signoret. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (20) Chionaspis biclavis, Comstock. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept. On F. laurifolia. Asterolecanium pustulans, Cockerell, occurs upon Castilloa.! Aspidiotus articulatus, Morgan, A. personatus, Comstock, and A. ficus, Ashmead, are found upon Artocarpus incisa in Jamaica.? Lounsbury records Orthezia insignis, Douglas, from Pilea. PLATANACE4. Phenacoccus platani, Signoret, is from Platanus orientalis, Linneus. Coquillett records Lecanium hibernaculorum, Boisduval, from P. race- mosa, Nuttall. JUGLANDACE 2. The following are known from Juglans: (1) Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathvon. On J. cinerea and J. nigra. Mundt, Can. Ent., 1894, p. 240. (2) Lecanium pruinosum, Coquillett. Coquillett, Insect Life, III, p.384£. On English walnut. (3) L. juglandis (syn. juglandifer). On J. cinerea and J. regia. Signoret, Essai; Cockerell, Ent., 1894, p. 335. . (4) Mytilaspis juglandis, Bouché. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. Hardly or not separable from M. pomorum. (5) Aspidiotus rapar, Comstock. On Juglans californica (Coquillett). Coquillett also reports 4. converus, from walnut. (6) A. juglans-regiew, Comstock. On English walnut. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., pol: (7) A. juglandis, Colvée. Described by Colvée in 1881; perhaps not distinct from the last. 1 Cockerell, Sci. Gossip, 1893, p. 78. 2 Cockerell, Insect Life, 1893, p. 159. 768 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. VOL. XIX. (8) A. perniciosus, Comstock. On English walnut. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 21. (9) A. aurantii, Maskell. On English walnut. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 15. , ee ne A Lecanium carye, Fitch, was found on Hicoria ovata (Carya alba). a ls MY RICACE A. Ceroplastes myricw, Linneus, is from the South African Myrica quercifolia, Linneus. Both plant and insect are doubtful species. — Maskell reports Ceroplastes ceriferus, Anderson, and Tachardia deco- rella, Maskell, from Myrica cerifera, Linnwus, a native of North America.! FAGACE~., On the birches ( betula) are found: (1) Pulvinaria betula, Linnzus. On Bb, alba. Signoret Essai, sur les Cochenilles. (2) Lecanium douglasi of Sule. On Bb. alba in Bohemia. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1895, p. 37. (3) L. pruinosum, Coquillett. Coquillett, Insect Life, III, p. 384. (4) Aspidiotus betula, Baerensprung. On B. alba. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. My specimens are from #4. alba at Chuchle, near Prague, collected by Mr. Karel Sule. (5) A. rapax, Comstock. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 25. (6) Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouché. Country Gentleman, January 10, 1895, p. 27. (7) Chionaspis lintneri, Comstock. On B. papyrifera. Prince Edward Island (Fletcher). On the alders (Alnus) are: (1) Chionaspis lintneri, Comstock. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 139. (2) C. almi, Signoret. On A. glutinosa (syn. communis). Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (3) Lecanium gibber, Dalman. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. This is probably L. caprea, Linnieus. On Carpinus are found : (1) Pulvinaria carpini, Linneus. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. Said to be on C. stechas, but no such name is in Index Kewensis. (2) Lecanium ribis, Fitch. Cockerell, Amer. Nat., 1895, p. 731. Also on Ostrya. Lecanium quercitronis, Fitch, occurs on ironwood.? Lecanium coryli, Linneus, is from Corylus avellana; L. corylifex, Fitch, is also from the hazel. The two are perhaps identical. The following are found on various oaks (Quercus) : (1) Asterolecanium quercicola, Bouché. On white oak. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 130. On Q. robur. Signoret, Essai. Also reported on Q. ilex, but in error for the following. (2) A. ilieicola, Targioni-Tozzetti. On Q. ilex. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 1892, p. 311. (3) Lecaniodiaspis quercus, Cockerell. In Japan. Cockerell, Psyche Supp., 1896, p. 19. (4) Icerya purchasi, Maskell. A few on Q. douglasii (Coquillett). (5) Phenacoccus quercus, Douglas. See Ent. Mo. Mag., 1890, p. 155. 1Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, pp. 216, 249. ° * Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p. 255. No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 769 (6) Nidularia pulvinata, Planchon. On @.ilex. Signoret, Essai sur Jes Cochenilles. (7) Gossyparia gramuntii, Signoret. On Q.ilex. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (8) Cerococcus quercus, Comstock. On white oak. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. (9) C. ehrhorni, Cockerell. Cockerell, Psyche, 1895. On live oak in California. (10) Friococeus quercus, Comstock ( Rhizococcus quercus). Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p- 40. (11) Kermes galliformis, Riley. On white oak. Comstock, 2d Corne!l Rept., p. 140. On Q. undulata. Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 126. (12) K. gillettei, Cockerell. On Q. undulata in Colorado, Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p.126. I found this species at Monument Rock, Santa Fe Canyon, New Mexico, 8,000 feet, August 11, 1895. (13) &k. ballota, Signoret. On Q. ballota. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (14) A. bauhinii, Planchon. On @. coccifera and Q. iler. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (15) K. vermilio, Planchon. On . coccifera. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (16) KA. gibbosus, Signoret. On Q. pedunculata. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (17) K. pallidus, Signoret. On (. pedunculata (—robur subsp.). Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (18) A. reniformis, Signoret. On @Q. pedunculata. Signoret, Essai sur les Coche- nilles. (19) A. variegatus, Gmelin. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (20) K. quercus, Newstead. I have seen no description of this. (21) Physokermes hemieryphus, Dalman. On. robur. Signoret, Essai sur les Coche- nilles. This is now considered a synonym of P. abietis, Modeer. (22) Lecanium emerici, Planchon. On Q. coccifera and (. ilex. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (23) L. fuscum, Gmelin. On Q. robur. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (24) L. quercus, Linnieus. On @. pedunculata. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (25) L. antennatum, Signoret. On white oak. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. (26) L. quercifer, Fitch. On white oak. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. (27) L. quercitronis, Fitch. On black oak. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. On (@. undulata in Colorado a variety is found. See Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p- 255. (28) L. ciliatum, Douglas. England. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1891, p. 67. (29) L. gigas, Bremi. Supposed by Signoret to be a Kermes. (30) Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathvon. Riley, Rept. Dept. Agric. for 1884, (31) Aspidiotus ancylus, Putnam. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. (32) A. obscurus, Comstock. On willow oak. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. Mr. A. L. Quaintance finds 4. obscurus at Lake City, Florida, very abundant on @. aquatica and Q. cateshwi. (33) A. nerti, Bouché. On Q. agrifolia. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., p. 20. (34) A. ilicis, Signoret. On (. iler. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. (35) A. zonatus, Frauenteld (syn. quercus). On @. montana. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. Also on Q. robur. (36) Chionaspis quercus, Comstock. On (. lobata. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. (37) C. planchonii, Signoret. On Q. ilex. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. (38) Pseudopulvinaria sikkimensis, Atkinson, 1889. See Insect Life, II, p.55. Sikkim. Also on Castanea. (39) Aspidiotus (Aspidites) minimus, Leonardi. On leaves of Q. ilex. The following occur on the species of beech (Fagus): (A) On sect. Eufagus; boreal. (1) Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathvon. Riley, Rept. Dept. Agric. for 1884, Proc. N. Mi. vol, x1x 49 770 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. VOL. XIX. (2) (3) (4) ( (1) (2) (3) \ (12) Gossyparia cavellii, Maskell. On I’. menziesii. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, (183) Ripersia fagi, Maskell. On F. menziesii. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 24. (14) Dactylopius iceryoides, Maskell. On I. fusca, Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, (15) D. obtectus, Maskell. On F. fusca. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 153. (16) Lecanium new species. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 149. A blue species on (17) Inglisia fagi, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 14. On the willows (Salix) are found: (1 (2) P. innumerabilis, Rathvon. Riley, Rept. Dept. Agric. for 1884. (3) Coecus eryptus, Kawall. On 8S. acutifolia. Kawall, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1867, p. 122. ) Solenophora fagi, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 141. 5) Rhizococeus pulchellus, Maskell. On I. cliffortioides, J. D. Hooker, F. fusca and — P. fagi, Hardy, 1864 (as Coccus). British. Very doubtful. Walker has also named a Coccus fagi, ‘flava, elliptica, albofarinosa; length, 2 lines.” This is evidently something different. Lecanium olevw, Bernard. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., p. 28. Aspidiotus ancylus, Putnam. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 139. B) On sect. Nothofagus ; austral. Calostoma pilosum, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 30. C. assimile, Maskell. On I’. fusca, J. D. Hooker, and FF, menziesii, J. D. Hooker. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 153; XXIII, p. 31. Palwococeus zealandicus, Maskell (Leachia, olim). Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 27. F. menziesii. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 144. R. maculatus, Maskell. On F. cliffortioides. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 145. R. intermedius, Maskell. On I’. menziesii. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 19. R. totare, Maskell. On I. menziesii. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 142. Priococcus fagicorticis, Maskell. On IF. fusca. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, Past E. pallidus, Maskell. On F. menziesii. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 21. PE. raithbyi, Maskell. On F. menziesii. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 146. p. 148. p. d4. I’. cliffortioides. SA LICINE A“. Pulvinaria salicis, Bouché. Signoret, Essai; Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. On S. viminalis. A doubtful species. (4) C. hordeolun, Dalman. Signoret suggests that this may have been founded on (5 — Lecanium capree, male, and Chionaspis salicis. | Lecanium hesperidum, Linneus. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., p- 26. (6) L. capree, Linneus. On S. alba, Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1892, p. 279. : (7) Mytilaspis saliceti, Schrank. Probably identical with pomorum, Bouché. See | {8 (9 (10 (11 (12 Morgan, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1890, p. 228. On 8. holosericea. M. pomorum, Bouché. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. Country Gentleman, January 10, 1895, p. 27. Aspidiotus niger, Signoret. On 8. alba. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. ) A. converus, Comstock. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. ) A. rapar, Comstock. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p.140. See also Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z.,p.114 (as camellie). ) Chionaspis salicis, Linnwus. On 8. viminalis and S. alba (Signoret). No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. G71 (18) C. ortholobis, Comstock. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140; Cockerell, Can, Ent., 1894, p. 189. (14) C. salicis-nigre, Walsh. See Cockerell in Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 129. On the poplars and cottonwoods (Populus) are: (1) Icerya purchasi, Maskell. Coquillett, Rept. Dept. Agric. for 1888. (2) Lecanium caprea, Linnieus. On P. virginiana. Signoret, Essai sur les Coche- nilles. (3) L. vagabundum. Signoret, Essai. A very doubtful species of Kaltenbach. (4) L. hesperidum, Linn:eus. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 26. On Lombardy poplar. (5) LD. olew, Bernard. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., p.26. On Lombardy poplar. (6) Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathvon. On P. balsamifera. Mundt, Can. Ent., 1884, p- 240. (7) P. tremula, Signoret. On P. tremula, Linneeus. Signoret, Essai sur les Coche- nilles. (8) P. populi, Signoret. On P. nigra, Linneus. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (9) Aspidiotus converus, Comstock. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept. Coquillett reports it on cottonwood and Lombardy poplar. (10) 4. rapar, Comstock. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., p. 25. On cottonwood. (11) A. spurcatus, Signoret. On P. virginiana and P. pyramidalis. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (12) Chionaspis ortholobis, Comstock, var. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1894, p, 189; Gil- lette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 129. An undescribed Chionaspis is also mentioned by Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1894, p. 190. (15) C. populi, Baerensprung. On P. nigra and P. pyramidalis. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (14) Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouché. Country Gentleman, January 10, 1895, p. 27. CASUARINACE A. In the Australian region, where it is native, the genus Casuarina supports many Coccidie, as follows: (A) On C. suberosa. Native of Australia. (1) Rhizococcus casuarinew, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 231. (B) On C, stricta (=quadrivalvis). Native of Australia. (1) Cylindrococcus amplior, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 240. (2) Spherococcus casuarine, Maskell, Masixell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 40. (3) Frenchia casuarinw, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 59. (4) Cylindrococeus spiniferus, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 44. (5) Cylindrococcus caswarine, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 43. (C) On C. equisetifolia. Native of Malaya and Pacific islands. (1) Aspidiotus casuarinw, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VI, p. 67. (2) Frenchia casuarine, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 59. (D) On Casuarina, species uncertain. (1) Gossyparia casuarine, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 227. (2) Phenacoccus casuarine, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 235. (As Pseudococcus. ) (3) Eriococeus turgipes, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 228. (4) Lriococcus conspersus, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 230. (5) Rhizococeus pustulatus, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 231. 172 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. — vou. xix. (6) Crocidocysta froggatti, Riibsaamen. Riibsaamen, Berl. Ent. Zeit., XX XIX (1894), p. 219. Maskell says this is a Cylindrococcus. (7) Frenchia semioceulta, Maskell. -Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VII, p. 72. (8) Lecanium, sp. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VI, p. 72. (9) Mytilaspis casuarine, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 209; XX VII, p. 45. Perhaps on C. equisetifolia. (10) Mytilaspis striata, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VII, p. 47. (11) Aspidiotus eucalypti, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 206. In Jamaica I never could find any Coccidie on the cultivated Casuarina. but Aspidiotus rapax, Comstock, occurs on it in Antigua.! CONIFER. I. CUPRESSINEZ. Pulvinaria maskelli, Ollitt, var. spinosior, Maskell, is found on Frenela or Callitris robusta.’ On Thuya (arbor-vite) are the following: (1) Aspidiotusnerii, Bouché. Onthe cones of 7. occidentalis. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., p. 20. (2) Diaspis carueli, Targioni-Tozzetti. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 96. On T. occidentalis. (3) D. minima, Targioni-Tozzetti. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 96; Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. On 7. occidentalis. (4) Dactylopius ryani, Coquiliett. Coquillett, West Amer. Sci., 1889, p. 122. On T. orientalis. (5) Lecanium fletcheri, Cockerell. Im Canada. Comstock ? reports Diaspis carueli, Targioni-Tozzetti, from “ Biola orientalis;” this should be Thuya (Biota) orientalis. Maskell records Icerya purchasi, Maskell, from cypress; and Leachia zealandica, Maskell, from Cupressus dacrydioides. This latter name is not in the Index Kewensis. Dactylopius ryani, Coquillett, occurs on Cupressus macrocarpa. The following are found on Juniperus (Juniper): (1) Diaspis carueli, Targioni-Tozzetti. Signoret, Essai. On J. communis. Comstock reports it from J. chinensis, Linnieus, J. rigida, Sieber and Zucecarini, J. oxryce- drus, Linnwus, J. japonica (=syn. of chinensis), J. communis, Linnwus, and “J. reresii” (perhaps meant for reevesiana, which is chinensis). (2) Diaspis juniperi, Bouché. Signoret, Essai. On J. communis. (3) Lecanium olew, Bernard. On Irish Juniper. Coquillett Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S, Dept. Agric., p. 28. (4) Lecanium fletcheri, Cockerell. Pettit, Bull. 97, Cornell Uniy. Exp. Sta., p. 341. II. TAXEAS. On the New Zealand Phyllociadus trichomanoides, D. Don, Mas- kell records Priococeus phyllocladi, Maskell,‘ and Calostoma assimile, 'Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 62. * Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXVI, p. 78. * Rept. Dept. Agric. for 1880, p. 311. 2D. ING Inst. xO ape 2p. No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 773 Maskell.' Ctenochiton dacrydii, Maskell, oceurs on the New Zealand Dacrydium cupressinum. III. PODOCARPE. On the New Zealand Podocarpus totara, G. Benn., Maskell records: (1) Celostoma pilosum, Maskell. Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 30. (2) Rhizococcus totare, Maskell. Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 142. (3) Leachia zealandica, Maskell. Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 27. (4) Cwlostoma compressum, Maskell. Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 46. He also reports from Podocarpus sp. two Diaspine, Aspidiotus auranttii, Maskell,’ and Mytilaspis pallida, Green, var.? + IV. ARAUCARIE. The following have been found on Araucaria: (1) Dactylopius ryani, Coquillett. On A. excelsa in California. Coquillett, West Amer. Sci., 1889, p. 122. (2) D. aurilanatus, Maskell. On 4d. bidwillii, Hooker, and A. excelsa. Maskell, Tr. ING Zi Insts. xx ps 152: (3) Eriococeus araucaria, Maskell. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p.111; Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 187 (as Rhizococcus). VS ABE TRINE A. The Coccidie of Pinus are: (1) Physokermes insignicola, Craw. On P. insignis. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p. 258. (2) P. abietis, Modeer (Lecanium picew). Signoret, Essai. Newstead cites it only from Abies. (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893, p. 209.) (3) Icerya purchasi, Maskell. Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 113. (4) Puto antennata, Signoret. On P. cembra, Linneus. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (5) Monophlebus hellenicus, Gennadius. On P. halepensis, Miller. An orange species, 7 to 8 mm. long, legs and antennex black. , (6) Leucaspis signoretii, Targioni-Tozzetti. On P. sylvestris, L. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (7) L. pini, Hartig. On P. laricio, Poirer. Signoret, Essai. According to Mr. Sule the Fiorinia sulci, Newstead, formerly confounded with JL. pini, is a distinct species, but nevertheless a Leucaspis. (8) Chionaspis pinifolii, Fitch. On P. monophylia, etc. Comstock, 1880; Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles (as Mytilaspis pinifolia). (9) Mytilaspis newsteadi, Sule. On leaves of P. sylvestris. Bohemia. Female scale much like pomorum, but longer and with more parallel sides. (10) Aspidiotus abietis, Schrank. On P. sylvestris. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1894, p. 190. Coquillett® records Lecanium olew, Bernard, from the cedar of Leba- non and from Indian cedar. WiireN. A-elnsb.) XOXLL, py ol. Zit. NeZ. Inst:,, XOXLV, p. 18: ire NeeZ Inst. XO VIL, pp. 41). £Tr: NZ. Inst:, XX VII, p. 46: ° Bull. 26., Div. Ent., Dep. Agric., p. 29 (1892). 774 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. Vou. xix. On various firs and spruces are found: (1) Physokermes abietis, Modeer. On Abies ercelsa in Europe. (2) P. coloradensis, Cockerell. On spruce. Manitou, Colorado, Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 126. (3) Icerya purchasi, Maskell. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 113, (4) Coccus hystrix, Baerensprung. Signoret, Essai. A problematical species. (5) Chionaspis pinifolii, Fitch. Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 129; Comstock, 1880 Rept., p. 140. (6) Mytilaspis abietis, Signoret. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140; Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. On Abies excelsa. (7) Aspidiotus abietis, Schrank. On Abies canadensis. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1894, p. 190. (8) Syngenaspis parlatoria, Sule. On Abies. Bohemia (Sule. ) CY CADACEA:. The following are found on Cycas : (1) Lecanium cycadis, Boisduval. On C.revoluta. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (2) L. olew, Bernard. On C, reroluta. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 29. (3) L. hemisphericum, Targioni-Tozzetti. Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept., Jamaica, 1894, p-71; Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 254. (4) Diaspis amygdali, Tryon (lanatus). On C. media. Cockerell, Insect Life, V, p. 247. (5) Howardia elegans, Leonardi. On C. revoluta, at Portici, Italy. (6) Ischnaspis filiformis, Douglas. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p. 260. On C. revoluta. (7) Fiorinia camelliv, Comstock. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 1592. On C. revoluta. (8) Poliaspis cycadis, Comstock. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p, 1392 On C. revoluta. (9) Aspidiotus cycadicola, Boisduval. On C. revoluta, Signoret, Fssai sur les Coche- nilles. (10) A. dictyospermi, Morgan,var. Jamaicensis, Cockerell. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1894, p. 128. C. revoluta is a Japanese species; C. media is Australian. Olliff! refers to a coccid on Macrozamia attacked by Thalpochares coccophaga; but he alludes to the plant as a fern. Comstock?’ records Partlatoria proteus, Curtis, from Microsamia, but | suppose Macrozamia was intended. **Ohermes” dionis was trom Dion (more properly Dioon) edule, and from the same plant Comstock reports Poliaspis cycadis, Comstock. Dactylopius zamie, Lucas, is from Zamia spiralis.’ Diaspis zamie, Morgan, was found on Zamia. ORCHIDACE As. In the Gardeners’ Chronicle® will be found an account of eighteen species of Coccidie living on orchids. The following have been recorded ' Agric. Gaz. N.S. W., November, 1891, p. 668. 22d Cornell Rept., p. 114. * Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. 4Ent. Mo. Mag., 1890, p. 45. 5" 5 May 6, 1893, p. 548. No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ee from orchids, genus not stated: Aspidiotus epidendri, Bouche, A. nerii, Bouché, and Dactylopius glaucus, Maskell;' Lecanium hemisphericum, Targioni-Tozzetti, and Aspidiotus ficus, Ashmead ;’ Aspidiotus biformis, Cockerell,? and Chionaspis braziliensis, Signoret.* The genera of orchids on which coccids have been found, and their coccids, are as follows: , (A) Stelis, Swartz. (1) Lecanium hesperidum, Linnweus. Cockerell, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1893, p. 49. (B) Dendrobium, Swartz. (1) Aulacaspis boisduvalii, Signoret. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VII, p. 44 (as Diaspis). (2) Fiorinia stricta, Maskell. Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 112. (3) Ctenochiton elongatus, Maskell. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 112. (C) Phaius, Lour. (1) Lecanium hibernaculorum, Boisduval. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (D) Farina, Lindley. (1) Ctenochiton elongatus, Maskell. Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 112. (2) Fiorinia stricta, Maskell. Maskell, Scale Ins. Nee Zia Dald2. (E) Epidendrum, Linneus. (1) Aspidiotus epidendri. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. On HZ. hanburii, Lind- ley (a Mexican species), and others. (2) “Lecanium” epidendri, Bouché. Signoret, Essai. On £. ciliare (syn. cuspidatum). This is probably identical with Asterolecanium oncidii, Cockerell. (3) Asterolecanium oncidii, Cockerell. Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, 1896, p. 8. (F) Cattleya, Lindley. (1) Aulacaspis boisduvalii, Signoret. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXVII, p. 44 (as Diaspis). (2) Aspidiotus biformis, Cockerell, var. catileyw, Cockerell. On C. bowringiana, Veitch, a native of Honduras. Cockerell, Gard. Chron., May 6, 1893, p. 584. (3) Lecanium pseudhesperidum, Cockerell. Ina greenhouse at Ottawa, Canada. (G) Broughtonia, Robert Brown. (1) Asterolecanium oncidii, Cockerell. On 8. sanguinea, a West Indian species. Cockerell, Sci. Goss., 1893, p. 78 (as Planchonia). (2) Vinsonia stellifera, Westwood. On B. sanguinea, Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, 1895, p. 101. (3) Aulacaspis boisduvalii, Signoret. On B. sanguinea. Cockerell, Gard. Chron., May 6, 1893, p. 548. (H) Cymbidium, Swartz. - (1) Aulacaspis cymbidii, Bouché. On C. pendulum, an East Indian species. Signoret, Essai (as Diaspis). (2) Mytilaspis pinneformis, Bouché. On C. pendulum. Signoret, Essai sur les Coche- nilles. (1) Stanhopea, Forster. (1) Vinsonia stellifera, Westwood. Cockerell, Amer. Nat., 1895, p.727; Hart, Bull. Misc. Inform., Bot. Gardens, Trinidad, April, 1895, p. 38. (J) Odontoglossum, Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth. (1) Aspidiotus biformis, Cockerell, var. odontoglossi, Cockerell. On O. grande, Lind- ley, a native of Guatemala. Cockerell, Gard. Chron., May 6, 1893, p. 548. (x) Rodriguezia, Ruiz and Pavon. », (1) Conchaspis angreci, Cockerell (= Pseudinglisia rodrigueziw, Newstead). On Rh, secunda. Newstead, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893, p. 154. 1 Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 113. 2 Cockerell, Insect Life, VI, p. 103. ’Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Field Nat. Club, 1894, p. 307. 4Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 211. 776 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. Vou. x1x. (L) Oncidium, Swartz. (1) Aspidiotus biformis, Cockerell. On O. sprucei, Lindley, a native of Brazil. Cock- erell, Gard. Chron., May 6, 1893, p.548; Townsend, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1895, p. 169. (2) Aulacaspis boisduvalii, Signoret. On O.quadripetalum, Swartz (syn., tetrapetalum), a native of Mexico. Cockerell, Gard. Chron., May 6, 1893, p. 548. (3) Asterolecanium oncidii, Cockerell. Cockerell, Sci. Goss., 1893, p. 78 (as Plan- chonia). On O. quadripetalum. Targioni-Tozzetti, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 1893, p. 311 (as Asterolecanium aureum). (M) Brassia, Robert Brown. (1) Pulvinaria brassiv, Cockerell. On B. verrucosa, Bateman, a native of Mexico. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p. 135. (N) Vanda, Robert Brown. (1) Parlatoria proteus, Curtis. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (O) Angraecum, Thou. (1) Lecanium angreci, Boisduval. Signoret, Essai. A problematical species. On A. sesquipedale, a native of Madagascar. (2) Conchaspis angreci, Cockerell. On A. sesquipedale and A. eburneum var. virens (Lindley). Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, February, 1893, p.9; Journ. Inst. Jamaica, I, p. 373. (3) Asterolecanium aureum, Boisduval. On dA. sesquipedale. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, I, p. 373. (P) Selenipedium, H. G. Reichenbach. (1) Parlatoria proteus, Curtis. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. SCITAMINACE. Curcuma longa, Linnzeus, a native of tropical Asia, has been recorded as a food plant of Aspidiotus ficus, AsShmead.' Calathea vittata (syn. Maranta vittata) is the food plant of Asterolecanium aureum. On Musa are found: (1) Aspidiotus palma, Morgan and Cockerell. On banana. Cockerell, Insect Life, V, p. 245; Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 306. (2) A. destructor, Signoret. .On banana. Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 307. ‘ (3) A. articulatus, Morgan. Cockerell, Insect Life, 1893, p. 160. (4) A. personatus, Comstock. Cockerell, Insect Life, 1893, p. 160. (5) A. fieus, Ashmead. Cockerell, Insect Life, 1893, p. 160. From Heliconia bihai, Linneus, a native of South America, is recorded Pinnaspis pandani, Comstock. Comstock* records Aulacaspis boisdu- valii, Signoret, from Ravenala madagascariensis. BROMELIACE., The pineapple, Ananas ananas (Linnweus) = sativus, a native of trop- ical America, is not rarely attacked by Diaspis bromelia, Kerner, which is really an Aulacaspis. In Jamaica there is found upon it a small ' Townsend, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1895, p. 169. > Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 307. $2d Cornell Rept., p. 86. No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. anes mealy bug, Dactylopius brevipes.' A different mealy bug, D. bromelia, Bouché, also occurs on pineapple; full particulars of it are given by Signoret, who received it from Zanzibar. There is also a problematical Lecanium bromelie on pineapple, said to resemble LL. hesperidum, Lin- neus, very much. Aspidiotus vriesie, Signoret,?is from Tillandsia ( Vriesia) splendens, HREDAC EAE. Lecanium patersonie, Maskell, is from Patersonia glabrata, Robert Brown, a native of Australia,° AMARY LLIDACE A. Lecanium olee, Bernard, and L. hesperidum, Linneus, have been found on Hippeastrum equestre, Herbert, a native of Mexico.* Dactylo- pius liliacearum, Bouché, occurson Crinwn;? itis also found on Amaryllis. Lecanium assimile, Newstead, var. amaryllidis, is from Amaryllis. Dactylopius liliacearum, Bouche, is found on Pancratium. D. simplex, Cockerell, is from Hymenocallis caribaea (Paneratiumcaribaum).’ Astero- lecanium aureum was found by Mr. Hart on Hippeastrum in cultivation in Trinidad. Gymnococeus agavium (Douglas) was found on Agave. Aspidiotus bowreyi, Cockerell, is from Agaveriaida.® Coquillett * reports Aspidiotus nerti, Bouche, from Agave americana, DIOSCOREBAC EvAX. Aspidiotus hartii, Cockerell, occurs on yam." EILIAC E Ax. = Following is a list of the genera infested, with their coccids: (A) Smilax, Linnzeus. (1) Aspidiotus smilacis, Comstock. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept. (2) Lecanium urichi, Cockerell. On S. campestris, Grisebach, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Von Ihering). (B) Rhipogonum, Forster. (1) Chionaspis minor, Maskell. On R. scandens. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 118. 1Cockerell, Ent., 1893, p. 267. ? Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. 3 Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VII, p. 58. 4Cockerell, Insect Life, V, p. 245; Bull. Bot. Dept., Jamaica, 1894, p. 18. 5Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. _ §Cockerell, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1893, p. 53. 7Cockerell, Ent., 1893, p. 267. 8 Cockerell, Ent. News, 1894, p. 59. 9 Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 20. 10 Cockerell, Psyche Supp., 1895, p. 7. 778 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. VOL. XTX. (C) Ruscus, Linneus. (1) Ceroplastes rusci, Linnieus. Signoret, Essai. On I. aculeatus. (2) Aspidiotus affinis, Targioni-Tozzetti, Signoret, Essai. On R. aculeatus. (D) Asparagus, Linnieus, (1) Lecanium anthurii, Boisduval. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 219. (2) L. asparagi, Giard, name only, 1893. On 4. horridus in Algeria. (3) Diaspis asparagi, Giard, name only, 1893. On A. horridus in Algeria. (E) Aspidistra, Kerr. (1) Chionaspis aspidistra, Signoret. On A, elatior, Blume (syn. variegata), a native of Japan. Signoret, Essai. (F) Phormium, Forster. The following are all on P. tenar, Forster, the New Zealand flax: (1) Celostoma wairoense, Maskell, Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 118. (2) Dactylopius caleceolaria, Maskell. Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p.113; also Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 149. : (3) Mytilaspis cordylinidis, Maskell. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 113. (4) Fiorinia stricta, Maskell. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 113. (5) Aspidiotus phormii, De reme. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (6) A. spherioides, Cockerell. Cockerell, Psyche Supp., 1895, p. 7. (7) A. ficus, Ashmead, Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 128. (G) Aloe, Linnieus. (1) Aspidiotus aloes, Boisduval. On 4. variegata, Linnieus. Signoret, Essai. On A, saponaria, Haworth (=A. umbellata), Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 72. The plants are natives of South Africa. (H) Gasteria, Duval. (1) Aspidiotus aloes, Boisduval. On G. disticha (Aloe angulata). Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. : (1) Yucca, Linneus. (1) Lecanium olew, Bernard. In Chile. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p. 257. (2) Dactylopius olivaceus, Cockerell. Cockerell, Psyche Supp., 1896, p. 18. Mexico. (3) Phenacoccus yucca, Coquillett. Mexico and California. (4) Lecaniodiaspis yucew, Townsend. New Mexico; Organ Mountains (Townsend). (5) Aspidiotus yucca, Cockerell. Psyche Supp., 1896, p.20. Mexico. (6) A nerii, Bouché. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. Exogenetic. (7) Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouché. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. Exogenetie. (J) Dracaena, Linnzeus. (1) Pinnaspis pandani, Comstock. Cockerell, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1895, p. 39 (as Wytilaspis). (2) Aspidiotus nerii, Bouché. Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 128. (K) Cordyline, Commerson. (1) Lecanium hemisphericum, Targioni-Tozzetti. Signoret, Essai. Recorded from Dracena australis, which is a Cordyline. (2) Dactylopius calceolarie, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VI, p. 89. On the New Zealand C. australis. (3) Leucaspis cordylinidis, Maskell. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 210. (4) Fiorinia stricta, Maskell. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z. On C. australis and C. indivisa. (5) Mytilaspis cordylinidis, Maskell. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z. On C. australis and C. indivisa, (L) Astelia, Banks and Solander. The following are all on the New Zealand A. cunninghamii, Hooker: (1) Mytilaspis cordylinidis, Maskell. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 111. (2) M. epiphytidis, Maskell. Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 111. (3) Fiorinia astelia, Maskell. Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 111. (4) F. stricta, Maskell. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 111. (5) Phenacoceus astelia, Maskell. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 111 (as Pseudococcus). I bs No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. a9 JUINCAG E-A=. Maskell! records aspidiotus cladii, Maskell, from Xerotes, sp., and Chionaspis xerotidis, Maskell, from Xerotes longifolia, Aspidiotus rossi, Maskell, is found on Xanthorrhea? Signoretia luzule, Dufour, is found ou Luzula. PALMACE£. The following are from various palms, genus not specified: Dactylo- pius longispinus=longifilis,’ D. glaucus,! Asterolecanium urichi,? Icerya montserratensis,® Lecanium hesperidum and L. hemispharicum,® L. olec, Fiorinia camellie,® Pinnaspis pandani,? Ischnaspis filiformis, Parlatoria proteus,!! Mytilaspis pallens (apparently on a fan palm),'? Chionaspis minor,’ Aspidiotus epidendri and A.nerii,t A.personatus,® A, articulatus,” A. palmarum,' A. dictyospermi.” The following genera have been recorded as supporting Coccide: (A) Areca, Linnzeus. (1) Lecanium hemispharicum, Targioni-Tozzetti. On 4. catechu. Cockerell, Insect Life, 1893, p. 159. (2) Aspidiotus ficus, Ashmead. On 4. catechu. Cockerell, Insect Life, 1898, p. 159. (3) A. aurantii, Maskell. On A. catechu. Cockerell, Insect Life, 1893, p. 159. (4) A. destructor, Signoret. Cockerell, Journ, Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 255, (as 4. nerit, var.). (5) Chionaspis aspidistre, Maskell. On A. catechu. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 15. (6) Ischnaspis filiformis, Douglas. On A. glandiformis. Townsend, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1895, p. 169. (B) Rhopalostylis, H. Wendland and Drude. (1) Dactylopius arecw, Maskell. On roots of R. sapida (syn., Areca sapida). Maskell, Tr: N.-Z. Inst., XXII, p. 150. (C) Howea, Beceari. (1) Fiorinia camelliw, Comstock. On H. (olim Kentia) belmoreana. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 111. (D) Oreodoxa, Willdenow. (1) Aspidiotus ficus, Ashmead. On 0, regia. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p. 261. —— $$ 1Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VII. 2Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 207. 3 Cockerell, Insect Life, VI, p. 103. 1 Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 113. 5 Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 308. 6 Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, August, 1893, p. 2. 7 Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. ® Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 211. *Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 306. 0 Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1892, p. 54. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1895, p. 256. 12 Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 134. 13 Cockerell, Amer. Nat., 1895, p. 728. 780 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. VOL, XIX. (E) Caryota, Linnenus. (1) Lecanium tessellatum, Signoret. On C. “ursus,” doubtless =urens. Signoret, Essai. (2) L. perforatum, Newstead. (#) Nipa, Thunberg. : (1) Dactylopius nipw, Maskell. On. fruticans, Thunberg, the only species, a native of the East Indies. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 233. (G) Phytelephas, Ruiz and Payon. (1) Fiorinia pellucida, Targioni-Tozzetti. On the South American F. macrocarpa, Ruiz and Pavon. Signoret, Essai. (H) Phenix, Linnieus, The following are from the date palm, P. dactylifera, Linnewus, a native of North Africa and Arabia. (1) Aonidia blanchardi, Targioni-Tozzetti. Mém. Soe. Zool. France, V (1892), p. 69. (2) Parlatoria victrix, Cockerell. (3) Aspidiotus palmarum, Bouché. Signoret, Essai. Comstock cites 4. destructor. (4) A. aurantii, Maskell. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., p. 15. See also, Cockerell, Insect Life, V, p. 246. (1) Sabal, Adans. (1) Aspidiotus sabalis, Comstock. On palmetto. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 67. (2) A. destructor, Signoret. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 255 (as nerii var.). (3) A. articulatus, Morgan. On S. umbraculifolia. Cockerell, Insect Life, V, p. 246. (4) A. personatus, Comstock. On S. umbraculifolia. Cockerell, Insect Life, V, p. 246. (5) Ischnaspis filiformis, Douglas. In Antigua. Cockerell, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893, p. 17. (J) Washingtonia, H.Wendland. Coquillett (Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., p- 15) reports Aspidiotus aurantii, Maskell, from the California Palm. (K) Chamerops, Linneus. (1) Aspidiotus chameropsis, Signoret (or chameropsidis). On ‘“C, Australis,” a name not in Index Kewensis. Signoret, Essai. (2) A. palmarum, Targioni-Tozzetti. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V (1892), p. 81. (3) A. dictyospermi, Morgan. It may be added, that Gillette and Baker! record A. dictyospermi trom “Champeropsis elegans.” What this is, I do not know. (1.) Livistona, Robert Brown. ; (1) Fiorinia camelliw, Comstock. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 16. (M) Raphia, Beauvois. (1) Lecanium perforatum, Newstead. Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 128. (N) Cocos, Linnieus. The following are on the cocoanut, C. nucifera: (1) Dactylopius virgatus, Cockerell. Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, August, 1893, p. 3; Insect Life, VI, p. 103. (2) D. cocotis, Maskell. Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXII, p. 149; and a variety, Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 12. Fiji and Laccadive Islands. (3) Coccus erion, Anderson, 1787. A problematical species, perhaps a Dactylopius. (4) Asterolecanium palma, Cockerell. Sci. Goss., 1893, p. 77. (5) Vinsonia stellifera, Westwood. “ Cockerell, Gard. Chron., May 6, 1893, p. 548. (6) Aulacaspis boisduvalii, Signoret. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 180. Mr. Morgan’s A. fentaculatus appears to me to be the same species. (7) Chionaspis vandalicus, Cockerell. A problematical species. See Cockerell, Journ, Inst. Jamaica, 1892, p. 54. 1 Hemip. Colo., p. 128. "No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. TS (8) C. minor, Maskell. Cockerell, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893, p. 38. - (9) Pinnaspis pandani, Comstock. Cockerell, Insect Lite, VI, ». 103; Ent. Mo, Mag., 1893, p. 38 (as Mytilaspis busi). (10) Fiorinia fiorinie, Targioni-Tozzetti (or camellia). Cockerell, Ent. Mo. Mag., ie 1893, pp. 38-40; Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1892, p. 54. i (11) Aspidiotus palma, Cockerell. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893, pp. 38-40; Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1892, p. 54 (as rapa var.). (12) A. destructor, Signoret. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 255 (as pal- marum); Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 307; Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p-12; Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 75 (in Bourbon). (13) A. ficus, Ashmead. Cockerell, Can. Ent., 1895, p. 261: Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893, pp. 38-40. (14) 4. articulatus, Morgan. Cockerell, Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893, pp. 38-40. (15) A. punice, Cockerell. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 255. (O) Latania, Commerson. (1) Aspidiotus latanie, Signoret. On L. aurea, Dunean (syn. verschaffeltii), a native of Rodriguez. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (2) A. personatus, Comstock. On L. commersonii, J. F. Gmelin (syn. borbonica). Cockerell, Insect Life, V, p. 245. PANDANE. The following occur on Pandanus: (1) Dactylopius pandani, Cockerell. In Marquesas Islands. Cockerell, Psyche Supp., 1895, p. 16. (2) Ischnaspis filiformis, Douglas. Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 306; Townsend, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1895, p. 169. On P. vandermeeschii, Balfour, and P. ‘‘faleatus” (? furcatus, Roxburg). (3) Pinnaspis (olim Mytilaspis) pandani, Comstock. Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 307; Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 140. (4) Aspidiotus articulatus, Morgan. Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 307. (5) A. pandani, Signoret. On P. utilis, Bory, a native of Madagascar. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (6) A. (Chrysomphalus) minor, Berlese. On P. graminifolius. AROIDE 4. Coquillett! records Lecaniwm hesperidum, Linnzus, from the so-called Calla lily, Richardia africana, Colocaasia antiquorum (syn. esculenta) is a food plant of Dactylopius virgatus, Cockerell2 Ceroplastes floridensis, Comstock, has been found on Anthurium lanceolatum! Mytilaspis carinatus, Cockerell, occurs on some Anthurium-like plant.* NAIADACE. The Coceus zostere, Fabricius, on Zostera is surely no coccid! 1 Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 26. 2 Bull. Bot. Dept., Jamaica, August, 1893, p. 3. 3Cockerell, Insect Life, 1893, p. 159. 4Cockerell, Psyche Supp., 1896, p. 21. 782 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. you xx. ————————_——————— CYPERACE A. Signoret records Lecanium angustatum, Signoret, and Daetylopius cyperi, Signoret, from Cyperus papyrus. Aspidiotus cladii, Maskell, is found on Lepidexperma,! as well as on Cladinm2 Mytilaspis cordylinidig occurs on Gahnia® Orthezia cataphracta, Shaw, is found about the base of stems of Carex! GRAMINE 2. The following are from grass, genus not stated: (1) Dactylopius radicum, Newstead. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1895, p. 235. (2) D. hibernicus, Newstead. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1895, p. 167. 3) D. herbicola, Maskell. Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 36. (4) D. graminis, Maskell. Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIV, p. 36. (5) D. segregatus, Cockerell. Bull Bot. Dept., Jamaica, August, 1893, p. 4; Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 254. (6) D. pow, Maskell. Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 112. ir. Nid. Inst, XXI, peo) (7) D. arece, Maskell. On roots. Maskell, Tr. N, Z. Inst., XXV, p: 231. (8) Rhizococcus quercus, Comstock. 2d Cornell Rept., p. 139. Priococeus. On roots of tussock grass. Maskell, It is really an (9) Signorctia luzule, Dufour. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 224. Itisa distinct variety, australis, (10) Icerya purchasi, Maskell. Seale Ins. N. Z.. Pp. ll (11) Orthezia normani, Douglas. Among the stems. Douglas, Trans. Ent. Soc, | Lond., 1881, p. 301. Now considered a Synonym of O. floccosa. : (12) O. cataphracta, Shaw. About base of stems. Douglas, Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond., ! 1881, p. 300. (13) Aspidiotus nerii, Bouché. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 139. The following genera have coceid records: : 5 1 (A) Spartina, Schreber. ; (1) Chionaspis spartine, Comstock. On S. stricta. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p.- 140. 3 (2) Ripersia maritima, Cockerell. Insect Lite, Valine: { (B) Saccharwn, Linn:eus. The following are from the sugar cane, S. officinarum: (1) leerya sacchari, Guérin. Signoret, Essai. Now considered identical with J. sey- chellarum. (2) Dactylopius calceolariw, Maskell. Tr. N. Z. Inst. XXII, p. 149; Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept., Jamaica, February, 1893, p. 6. In Jamaica. (3) D. sacchari, Guérin. Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1895, p. 195. (4) Pulvinaria gasteralpha, Signoret. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (5) Aspidiotus sacchari, Cockerell. Insect Life, VI, p. 103. (C) Calamagrostis, Adans. Signoret records Eriopeltis lich tensteinii, Signoret, and Westiwoodia perristi, Signoret. (D)} Aira, Linnienus, / 'Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 205. * Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 3. * Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 112. ‘Douglas, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 300. NO. 1122. ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 785 The problematical Coccus chlaoon, Anderson, is from Atra spicata, which, however, is not an Avra, but a Panicum or Trisetum. (E) Corynephorus, Beauvois. Ripersia corynephori, Signoret, is from the south European C. canes- cens. (F) Danthonia, De Candolle. Briococcus danthoniv, Maskeli, is from the New Zealand D. cunning- hamii, J. D. Hooker.' Dactylopius caleeolaria, Maskell, has been found on Danthonia.’ (G) Poa, Linneus. (1) Eriopeitis festueew, Fonscolombe. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilies. (2) Porphyrophora hamelii, Brandt. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. Recorded from P. pungens, but this is really an .Zluropus, either 4. pubescens or A. levis, (3) Dactylopius pow, Maskell. On P. anceps, Forster, known in New Zealand as tussock grass. Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 113. (H) Bluropus, Trin. See above under Poa. (1) Porphyrophora hamelii, Brandt. On 2. levis (as Aleuropus). Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (1) Milium, Linneeus. Signoret records Aclerda subtenanea and Antonina purpured, Signoret. (J) Bromus, Linnzeus. Signoret records Hriopeltis festuce, Fouscolombe. (Kk) Agropyrum, J. Gaertner (or Agropyron). Fairmairia bipartita, Signoret, is found on the European A. cam- pestre, Godron and Grenier. (L) Triticum, Linneus. Porphyrophora radicum-graminis, Baerensprung, has been found on wheat.’ (M) Andropogon, Linnieus. Mr. E. E. Green sends me a new species, Chionaspis graminis, Green, found on Andropogon (lemon grass). (N) Bambusa, Schreber (bamboo). (1) Sphewrococeus bambusw, Maskell. Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 237. (2) S. (Pseudolecanium) tokionis, Cockerell. In Japan. Cockerell, Psyche Supp., 1896, p. 19. (3) Asterolecanium bambusw, Boisduval. Signoret, Essai; Cockerell, Sci. Goss., 1893, p-77; Journ, Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 307. On B. distorta, Nees, according to Signoret. (4) A. miliaris, Boisduval. Signoret, Essai; Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 307. On B. distorta, but also on B. stricta, which is a Dendrocalamus or Oxytenanthera. (5) Lecanium depressum, Targioni. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 220. (6) L. longulum, Douglas. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 221. (7) Chionaspis bambusa, Cockerell. In Japan. Cockerell, Psyche Supp., 1896, p. 21. (8) Diaspis patelliformis, Sasaki. According to C. Sasaki. 1Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., X VIII, p. 22. 2Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 112. 3K, Low, see Zool. Record for 1866. 784 THE FOOD PLANTS OF SCALE INSECTS—COCKERELL. Vou. xix. FILICES: The following are from ferns, genus not stated: (1) Dacetylopius glaucus, Maskell. Maskell, Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 112. (2) Ctenochiton depressus, Maskell. Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 112. (3) Lecanium mori, Signoret. Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 112; Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXVI, p.75. See under Nephrolepis. (4) L. platycerii, Packard. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 189. A problematical species, not defined. See under Platycerium. (5) L. filicum, Boisduval. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 139. Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, 1894, p.72; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., 1893, p.55; Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 220 (? on Lomaria). See under Davallia. (6) L. hemispharicum, Targioni-Tozzetti, var. hibernaculorum, Boisduval. Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, 1894, p. 71. (7) Vinsonia stellifera, Westwood. Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 306. (8) Chionaspis braziliensis, Signoret. Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Club, 1894, p. 306; Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXV, p. 211. (9) C. dubia, Maskell. Seale Ins. N. Z.,p.112. See under Pellwa and Asplenium. (10) Poliaspis media, Maskell. Seale Ins. N. Z., p. 112. (11) Ceroplastes floridensis, Comstock. Cockerell, Amer. Nat., 1895, p. 727. (12) C. rubens, Maskell. Sent by Mr. Ehrhorn on fern from Honolulu. (Craw coll.) (18) Pulvinaria sp. On fern from Honolulu. (Craw, through Ehrhorn.) The following genera have coccid records: (A) Platycerium, The unrecognized Lecanium platycerti, Packard, was found on this. L. oiew, Bernard, occurs on P. alcicorne.' (B) Pteris. (1) Eriococcus insignis, Newstead. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1891, p. 165. (2) Lecanium jfilicum, Boisduval. Signoret, Essai. This and the next are found on P. quadriaurita var. argyr@a (syn. P. argyr@a). (3) Dactylopius pteridis, Signoret. Signoret, Essai sur les Cochenilles. (C) Polypodium. (1) Mytilaspis phymatodidis, Maskell. Seale Ins. N. Z., p.113. On P. (Phymatodes) 1 billardieri. ‘ (D) Pellwa. t (1) Chionaspis dubia, Maskell. On P. rotundifolia, a fern of New Zealand and Nor- folk Island. Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z.. p. 113. (E) Nephrolepis. (1) Lecanium mori, Signoret. On N. cordifolia. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VI, p. 76. (2) L. hemisphericum, Targioni-Tozzetti. On N. exaltata. Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 127. (Fk) Nephrodium. (1) Lecanium hemisphericum, Yargioni-Tozzetti. Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, I, p. 373. (G) Davallia. (1) Lecanium filicum, Boisduval. On D. canariensis. Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 27. (H) Alsophila (tree ferns). (1) Lecanium mori, Signoret. On A. colensoi. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXVI. p. 75. ‘ Cockerell, Amer. Nat., 1895, p. 727. No. 1122. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 785 (1) Adiantum (maidenhair). (1) Dactylopius longispinus, Targioni-Tozzetti (longifilis). Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, 1892, p. 97; Ent., 1893, p. 266; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 61. (J) Asplentun. (1) Lecanium mori, Signoret. On A. jlaccidum. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VI, p. 76. (2) Mytilaspis cordylinidis, Maskell. Comstock, 2d Cornell Rept., p. 139. (3) Chionaspis dubia, Maskell. On A. bulbiferum and A. obtusatum var. lucidum. Maskell, Scale Ins. N. Z., p. 111; Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 8. (KX) Doodia. (1) Lecanopsis jfilicum, Maskell. On D. aspera, an Australian species. Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XX VII, p. 17. (L) Cyathea (tree ferns). (1) Ctenochiton depressus, Maskell. On C. Smithii. Maskell, Scale Ins., N. Z., p. 112. MUSCI. Dactylopius pow, Maskell, occurs among moss at base of trees.! Ortheziola vejdovskyi, Sule, is found under leaves and moss (Sule). 1 Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII, p. 23. Proe. N. M..vol-xix 50 + NOTES ON LARVAL CESTODE PARASITES OF FISHES. 3y Epwin LInToN, Ph. D. Professor of Biology, Washington and Jefferson College. THE material upon which these notes are a partial report belongs to two distinct collections: Tirst. A collection made by myself at Woods Holl, Massachusetts. Second. A collection belonging to the United States National Museum. Both of these collections are large, aggregating about 600 bottles and vials. By far the larger part of the collections are entozoa of fish. A report on material representing such a wide range of species, some of the species represented by very few or by but one specimen, can not be other than unsatisfactory. It is hoped, however, that the notes here given may prove to be of some assistance to future investigators in the work of identification. It should be remarked that the finding of a larval cestode parasite eucysted in the tissues of a fish is not always proof that the fish is a true intermediate host. This goes without saying when the host of the encysted parasite is a large shark. Beneden invented the term xenosite—i. e., Stranger—for this condition of parasitism. List of parasites and hosts. No. Parasite. Host. | Plate. | Figure. 1 Ligula chilomycteri ...-..------ siete ok Chilomycterus geometricus......------ | I. 1 PIO StS == iris. /-)== OR ete asses scart space SOP AG SONU 5s ase: Jone emer ee te al Ie 20 | Oymoscionimeg aignen see aenie ae Te 6-13 TNINANAG SENTUG INCH. ~ ae.s= ce iee = os soe Te |. 4 3} Larval Echeneibothria ...-..--.---..-- . IG 14, 15 | LSODNCUSEDISCOLOTRUS saa en -isee 1G Db 4 | Phyllobothriwm loliginis ......------.--- Ommastrephes illecebrosus .....------- 1 We 1-9 0 || Lhysanocephalum, sp. --:-+-2---+------- Ommastrephes illecebrosus .....------- IO 10, 11 - +A, ° NipeAILILGCT OC SCROGD Utne cecinnts (sonic (es cnie's eee | Pie sy atcieys leeieyoeets 6 Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, Linton .--.- || Pomatontus Ses PERN GSE ces (no ie ee 7 Rhynechobothrium larve : | Ceniinonrustes str vatuss- ass. -5-- 2 seo ai- LK. | 12 Caranx chrysos ..---- Bet ee iacrtoamioae Il. |} 13-15 ere (I ee eG AMO WULG: CRIY SYD Oa eee eecisee = Ser VIII } 4 | CYNOSCLOM EQUUS A= a= oso 2) 2m ia = =f eLEWe. 1 MACROGAAUSICONUCOG m2) sseiaj-tatanis <= aT: | 2 SCOMDETOMOTUS) TCO AUS win oe cinwinwia.w aloes | wa'slaein/=/|= nee ayers © SOMOS ON ea cs aciamratolofelsinreleic eiaielel==rrallie eastaia/tere | tse Prionotius evolans -..-... 00-22 s-2--=5- 3-5 Menticirrus saxatilis 6 PEL CUSLETIALUS, winicln)oreiel=in wielel=\=\elelcleleja'e)~ ciel |e eae Jeeenrcete PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XIX—No. 1123. 788 LARVAL CESTODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. List of parasites and hosts—Continued, Parasite. Rhynchobothrium larve—Continued. | (LO) ee acre ere tm tm wim itera Rhynchobothrium heterospine, Linton. - - | : : sal : Rhynchobothrium imparispine, Linton. - | | Rhynchobothrium speciosum, new species’ Rhynchobothrium attenuatum, Rudolphi | Otobothrium dipsacum, new species ---. Tetrarhynchus, larve: Tetrarhynchus bisulcatum, Linton Tetrarhynchus erinaceus, Beneden Tetrarhynchus elongatus, Wagener Tetrarhynchus bicolor, Partels ......--- ‘ 18 Synbothrium fjilicolle, Linton } 1. LIGULA CHILOMYCTERI. | | VoL. (Dibothrium larva.) (Plate I, fig. 1.) From spleen of rabbit-fish (Chilomycterus geometricus) Woods Holl Massachusetts, July 21, 1887 (No. 4791, U.S.N.M.). A specimen inclosed in a membranous cyst and coiled up irregularly Host. Plate. ERYCUS! CRUSS s\n deiaieincsmeeie eas an == aeeee| eee Macrurusibatrati <2 -2-ccacenre=caeee III. Stenotomus chrysops --..-------------- III. Carcharias littoralis .......-.--------- LET: Pomatomus saliatria -..2<<<0-2---52-50 IIl. Poralichthaysidentatus® << - oo ae em sae ae] ee ere Altiter Gs 8choepyit, os mm coca we aee ee ee | meee Carcharias littoralis NURI SEEVUS COUR saan ea eee eee Cotte SPo-sosaaene sae eee a ee ae ee (OL PORT Wan aoneacceio scores csscmocessilcoossee Oynoscton regalis....-..-.---fen=------- Verne acted Paralichthys oblongus......-...-------|.---- Anguilla TOSTNOLG . .< ame «onsen e seine ave i(Paralichthys dentatus. ~--------25emeee| Vis TOphive PiUScaorwus one apo eee eee eee Macrog ads tomeod once see ao ae eee Scomberscomobrius. 3.25 - ones = ee ee eee ee Bothws maculatus. -<2-3- 2222ee sae ee essen ee POMLOG OC: ON VEU aim mite sera = mig alee |-----2e- Cetropriste striatus . Sa2s2-23-cs-250-6e |e aeaee GQdUs CAUATIAS sonnei oa eee eee | 5 eee o's Melanogrammus ceglefinus ...-.------- aaee eae Acanthocottus enews: . =. 22-2-.-see5ee bosidcoreme Paralachthys dentatus. --4-- 2252000 e- Vi. Pomatomus saltatria =~ ee ccceeee | Vv. WLENDLONUUS CRIA SODE = 92 een ee eee TOLOSUTUG COPLOUCCUS:~ =. 22 cheese see | V. OCynoscion regalis. —..-...---sesncm----| ‘Vic SCOMDERSCOMLDUUB m= oar eee asl eee Oh@todipterusfaber’s.2---5--saccassss|eoe eee = el ee eee \ Hehenets Temora ec as Se oni. cececnmiowc[cee shes eee eee KADNVAS GLOGS 22s = on ese neeee RVic Pomatomus saltatrig.....+-.ceee-ce0e- ek Carcharinwus O0sCuUrUss.--= 252-2 ee aes| ese eees SDRYTNG: ZYG ON oon aos ra a canmes ae Scomberomorws regalia. ~~~ << -.2--ns--\-o-2- 55 Chetodipterus javen oso. naeeeeee ee VI. Trg OW CONCTUN Wa: ~~ <<< Seine eam | . 022 0. 22 The retractor muscle of the proboscis is attached to the inner wall of the contractile bulb near the anterior end (figs. 6, 7). It can hardly be inferred that the eel is the true intermediate host of this parasite. This remark may indeed be properly nade for many of the larval parasites found in fishes—where they may be in the con- dition of what Beneden calls xenosites or strangers. When a blastocyst was removed from its cyst, it was enveloped in a thin hyaline membrane (fig. 5,h). After the embryo was removed from the blastocyst, the latter exhibited signs of life for some time, even attaching itself to the bottom of the glass vessel by its smaller end and dragging itself along. The embryo when liberated from its blastocyst, had the following dimensions, living: Length, 2.1 mm.; breadth of head, 0.49; length of head, 0.35; diameter of neck, 0.21; length of neck from base of bothria to base of contractile bulbs, 0.94; length of contractile bulbs, 0.42. The retractor of the proboscis attached to wall of contractile bulb near anterior third of bulb. 9. RHYNCHOBOTHRIUM IMPARISPINE, Linton, (Larva.) (Plate IV, figs. 9-12.) Rhynchobothrium imparispine, U. S. Fish Com. Rept., 1887, pp. 840-843, pl. XU, figs. 6-9. Following is a list of finds of a tetrarhynch, which I have identified as R. imparispine. The principal criterion used in these identifications has been the nature and arrangement of the hooks on the proboscides, 800 LARVAL CESTODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. VOL. XIX. which, being so remarkable, it hardly seems probable that two dis- tinet species could agree so closely in this particular as I find these specimens to do. 1. Rhynchobothrium collected at Woods Holl, U.S.N.M. Date. Host. number. No. — ee ae Aug.—, 1884 Common Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), serous coat of intes- tine. 4772 July 31,1885 | Goosetish (Lophius piscatorius), mesentery. 4832 July 23,1886 Tomeod (Mirogadus tomcod), serous coat of intestine. 5461 Aug. 6,1886 | Goosefish, mesentery. 4743 | Aug.19, 1886 | Mackerel (Scomber scombrus), serous coat of viscera. Aug.10, 1887] Sand Flounder (Bothus maculatus), mesentery, etc. 5463) |soeee Go atece Tautog (7autoga onitis), serous coat of viscera. eae ae | Aug. 30,1887} Goosefish, mesentery, ete. Bese eee July 30,1889 | Sea Bass (Centropristes striatus), serous coat of viscera. 10) jaese.ee aoe Oct. 7,1886 Cod (Gadus callaris), collected by S. E. Meek, Block Island. jadi has ae . = = Se a OMIA COLD on = Ss a 2. Rhynchobothrium collected by Vinal N. Edwards. No. U.S.N -M. Date. Host. number. | 11 4770 | Nov. 38,1882, From mesentery of Lophius piscatorius. | 5462 | Dec. 1,1885; Peritoneum of Melanogrammus ceglefinus. Do 12 | 134\ 0. acer eee Dec. 16, 1885 : i 14 4770 | Nov. 4,1886 Mesentery of Lophius piscatorius. 4 15 | 4770 | Oct. 14, 1887 Do. | 16 | 4756 | Oct. 24,1887 Peritoneum of Acanthocottus eneus. | 17 4755 | Nov. 28,1887 Peritoneum of Gadus callarias. ¢ 18 | 4755 | Dec. 24, 1887 | Do. = 19 | 4755 | June 24, 1888 Do. ‘ ae a ite 4 This parasite occurs in cysts that are usually pyriform and sometimes attached to the serous membrane by a pedicel. The bothria are very — versatile and deeply notched on distal end so as to appear in some — instances to be distinct bothria. j Following are extracts from notes made on individual lots, numbers — referring to foregoing list: : Numbers 2, 4, 8, 11, 14,15. From Lophius piscatorius. The cysts are subglobular or pyriform; one in lot 11 measured 11 mm. in length and 5 mm. in greatest breadth; hooks on proboscides in No. 15 (fig. 12) not very clearly seen on account of the proboscides being retracted; large stout hooks 0.06 mmm. in length and 0.04 in breadth at base. No. 2 (figs. 9-11), freehand sketches from life; cysts pyriform, blastocyst oblong, remaining firmly attached to embryo, when latter is liberated, to form a nutrient sac. The latter is filled with coarse granular parenchyma with fluid refractile bodies. In one lot the hooks in one specimen were sparsely scattered, which may be due to imperfect development. The peritoneum of each of the three fish examined was filled with transparent subglobular cysts, averaging about 6 mm. in diameter, The blastocysts were nearly globular when at rest, but capable of much change of form by contraction. The embryo could be seen as a te alt) > it tte De thee et pate n> te hati ee Ee + No. 1123. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 801 small opaque mass near the surface of the blastocyst. In the walls of the latter were two sinuous yessels which started from the vicinity of the embryo and ran in opposite directions around the periphery of the blastocyst. No. 6 from Bothus maculatus. In this the longest hooks, however, are 0.04 mm. in length. Other dimensions of an embryo (alcoholic) are: Length, 6 mm.; breadth of head, 0.94; length to base of contractile bulbs, 4; diameter of neck, 0.47; length of bulbs, 1; diameter of proboscis, exclusive of hooks, 0.08. No. 7 from the tautog. The arrangement and character of the hooks in this also agree exactly with that of the foregoing; the length of the large stout hooks is 0.05 mm. Other dimensions practically the same as in No. 6, No. 5 from the mackerel. The cysts in this lot are of great diversity of shape. Two embryos were examined, and although the proboscides were retracted the characteristic irregular hooks of R. imparispine could be seen. The length of the longest hooks seen was 0.04 mm. in one and 0.035, near base of proboscis, in the other. No. 9 from sea bass. Cysts pyriform, blastocysts with embryo situated at one end; proboscides retracted, but hooks correspond with R. imparispine. Nos. 10, 16, 17, and 18 from the cod and Nos. 12 and 13 from the haddock. The cysts are pyriform and in many instances pediceled ; in No. 16 there was a cluster of pyriform cysts. When embryos were liberated, the arrangement and character of the hooks proved to be identical with those figured from other hosts and referred to R. imparispine. 10. RHYNCHOBOTHRIUM SPECIOSUM, new species. (Plates IV, figs. 13-14; V, figs. 1-7.) Rhynchobothrium, sp., LINTON, Amer. Nat., XXI, p. 195, Feb. 1887, pl. x, figs. 1-6. I venture to give a new specific name to a Rhynchobothrium which I have found very commonly infesting the bluefish and not infrequently in a variety of other fish. Although only the larval form is known to me at present, the characters of the bothria, and particularly of the proboscides, are so well defined that one ean hardly fail to identify it when specimens in good condition and sufficiently developed are met. Following is a list of the finds of this parasite which I have recorded in my notes. All except Nos. 9, 10, and 11 were collected at Woods Holl, Massachusetts. Where not otherwise stated, it will be under- stood that the specimens were found on the serous covering of the viscera or mesentery. Proc. N. M. vol. xix D1 802 LARVAL CESTODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. VOL. XIX. List of specimens. No. t —s M. Date. Host. NOW Ls alae ie Aug. —, 1884 Common Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). eee adeeoabe tone GOs. Bluetish (Pomatomus saltatrix), on ovaries, etc. Ba eines ieee Aug. 19,1885 | Scup (Stenotomus chrysops). t 1766 | July 27,1886 Gartish (Tylosurus caribbeeus). 5 5469 Aug. 5,1886 Bluetish (P. saltatriz). 6 4790 |.-.-.- do) cose=- Squeteague (Cynoscion regalis). To eee cme Aug. 19,1886 Mackerel (Scomber scombrus), 20, walls of stomach and intes- | tine. 8 4819 Oct. —,1886, Moon fish (Cheetodipterus faber), North Carolina coast, S. E. Meek, collector. OMe yo aee sole rone DOs some | Bluefish (P. saltatrix), Massachusetts coast, 5S. E. Meek, col- | lector. 10 684s - dO ase Squeteague (C. regalis), Massachusetts Bay, 8. E. Meek, col- lector. eat. 5466 July 26,1887 | Remora (Echeneis remora). 12 4753 | July 29,1887) Bluetish (P. saltatria). 13 5471 | Aug. 1,1887) Remora (E£. remora). 14 5464 J uly 9,1889 Bluefish (P. saltatriz). 15 5465 | July 26, 1889 Do. 16 5470 | July 30, 1889 Do. 17 4735 | Ang. 17, 1889 Do. == = a = j [ reproduce, with the omission of many details, the description of this species contained in the article in the “American Naturalist.” ! Cysts like this—i. e., containing an embryo rhynchobothrium, either of the same or kindred forms—are common in most of the teleostei, and are occasionally found in selachians. In the specimen under con- sideration (a cyst from the peritoneum of the bluefish) the length was 12 mm., and the breadth in the widest part 6mm. The cyst was clavate, its walls thin, transparent, and delicate, with yellow granular patches at the larger end. It was easily separable into two hyaline connective- tissue layers, the outer thicker than the inner. The blastocyst when released from its capsular envelope was white and opaque, but became translucent, with a faint bluish tinge when compressed and viewed by transmitted light. The form, while some- what variable, is usually club-shaped, much larger at one end than the other, the larger end blunt and rounded. When placed in sea water, it continues in a state of activity for hours. There is no decided locomotion, but a continuous series of movements, consisting of alter- nate contraction and extension of different parts of the sac-like mass and feeble lateral movements of the smaller end. In this condition the appearance of the blastocyst is that of a thick-walied sac, the walls of which are made up of granular protoplasm, with a thin investing membrane, and filled with clear, highly refractile globular masses. When slight pressure is applied, the embryo may be seen lying in a loose coil in the larger end of the blastocyst. Two sinuous vessels, one on each side, can be plainly seen lying along each side. These unite in the median line at the smaller end. At the larger end they appear to be lost in the common parenchyma. In the immediate vicinity of the embryo the blastocyst is more transparent than in other parts, and the ‘February, 1887, pp. 199, pl. x. bbb ete ! | ) NO. 1123. _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 803 embryo appears to be held in place by a limiting membrane, which lines the blastocyst and surrounds the embryo. When considerable pressure is applied, the embryo is forced through the walls of the larger end of the blastocyst, with which it no longer retains vital connection. The irritability and contractility of the blastocyst continue for several hours after the embryo has been removed. The embryo when removed from the blastocyst was quite active, its length about 24 mm., although capable of considerable variation both by contraction and extension. The bothria are two in number, oblong-elliptical, widely divergent behind, approaching but not uniting in front; emarginate on posterior border and obscurely two lobed (alcoholic specimens show a distinct longitudinal median ridge); edges free, thin, and mobile, Length of bothria, measured while somewhat flattened under com- pressor, 2.23 mm.; breadth of head, 2.72. Proboscides, four, very long, slender, cylindrical, and armed with recurved hooks of different sizes. The proboscides, in this instance, were not entirely everted, but by counting the series of hooks which were exposed, and allowing for the part which was inverted, which could be plainly seen through the transparent walls of the proboscis, the result was about one hundred series of hooks arranged in spirals. The spirals are nearly 0.05 mm. apart, and the proboscides about 4.8 in length. There are about fifteen longitudinal rows of hooks. These rows do not coincide exactly with the axis, but make about one and a half turns around it from base to apex. Their arrangement is shown in the accompanying sketch (Plate V, figs. 1-6). The proboscis sheaths are long and spiral. A contractile ligament was Clearly defined in each and could be traced out into the proboscis, where tt appeared as a tubular band containing a fluid in which floated a few granules. Toward the end this tubular ligament merged imper- ceptibly in the proboscis, and the fluid interior with granules became the exterior of the proboscis inverted, with, at first, small and scattered rod-like hooks, and, toward the apex of the inverted proboscis, with normal hooks attached to the inner parietes. The front ends of the contractile bulbs lie about 10 mm. back of the apex of the head; length 2.46, and breadth 0.24. The thick walls are composed of diagonal muscular fibers which interlace, making angles of about 70 and 110 degrees with each other. These organs act much as the bulb of a syringe. By their contraction the fluid contents is forced into the proboscis sheaths and proboscides. The column of fluid thus forced into the proboscides causes them to unroll like the finger of a glove that has been turned in. The contractile ligament, noticed above, extends the entire length of the proboscis sheath and is attached to the inner parietes of the bulb. By its contraction the proboscis is invaginated from the apex. When the embryo was first liberated, the proboscides were entirely retracted; when, however, pressure was applied, they unrolled. In this condition the probosecides 804 LARVAL CESTODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. VOL. XIX. of the living worm are very beautiful objects, being quite transparent, while the chitinous hooks have a brilliant vitreous luster. When fully extended, the proboscides throw themselves into graceful spiral curves. When the pressure is released, if the worm is uninjured, they are apt to be withdrawn. The tubular neck, when flattened under the compressor, presents the following features: The center surrounding the proboscis sheaths is filled with large irregular granular masses, closely packed together. Outside of this inner core is a layer of longitudinal muscles, and out- side of this again a layer of vascular tissue, in which the reticulated vessels of the water vascular system can be plainly seen. Outside of the vascular area, and forming the outer coat of the neck, is a layer of dense tissue in which transverse fibers could be distinguished. The water vascular system consists of a network of vessels in the borders of the bothria which connects with large sinuous vessels in the center of the head, and, together with these, with the reticulated subcu- ticular vessels of the neck. Back of the contractile bulbs the system is represented mainly by two pairs of vessels which lie in two sinuous curves near each lateral margin of the embryo. One of these vessels was much larger than the other and ended in a bulbous enlargement. Behind the contractile bulbs the body has the appearance of an elongated sac, filled with granular parenchyma, but with the retractile bodies much smaller than those in the blastocyst. The posterior end terminates in a papillary button-like process, which is retractile and covered with a dense coat of minute, straight, hair-like bristles. ladd a few extracts from notes on some of the foregoing lots. The general account already given was based on specimens from the blue- fish. No. 3. Dimensions of specimen, alcoholic, from scup: Length, 27 mimn.; length of head and neck, 13; length of bothria, 2; breadth of bothrium, 1.6; breadth of neck, 1.5; thickness of neck, 1; diameter at contractile bulbs, 2.5; diameter behind contractile bulbs, 1.7; tapering from behind contractile bulbs to posterior tip, which is 0.5 mm. in diameter. The hooks agree exactly with those on larva from the blue- fish. No. 10. Cyst from liver of squeteague: Length 30, mm.; diameter of first third of length, 3.5, tapering thence rather abruptly to posterior end, 1.5. Embryo coiled in larger end; length, estimated, 13.5. Hooks agree exactly with type; length of longer ones, 0.53. No. 9. Cyst from abdominal cavity of moonfish: Long pyriform, length, 20 min.; greatest diameter, 4.5; embryo coiled in anterior fourth; length of embryo, 12; of head and neck, 4.6; diameter of neck, 1.5; length of bothrium 1.5, and breadth of bothrium 1.25. Bothria elliptical with posterior emargination and median longitudinal eleva- tion; neck cylindrical with a few transverse wrinkles; hooks agree with type—largest 0.05 mm. in length. No. 1123. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 805 Nos. 11 and 15. From serous covering of viscera of remora. These agree exactly with type. The cyst in No, 11 was dark reddish brown, translucent except at small end, which was almost black. Length, 36 mm. and greatest diameter 5; length of blastocyst 26, and greatest diameter 4.5; very active and changeable. After lying overnight in sea water, the blastocyst having become quiescent, the embryo was set free. It was active and varied in length from 20 to 25mm. Further dimensions were: Length of head and neck, 9 mm.; length of con- tractile bulbs, 2.7; diameter of contractile bulbs, 0.32; length of pro- boscides, approximate, 4.8; diameter of proboscides, 0.12. Proboscides very long, slender, and graceful, having tendency to coil up; larger hooks on inner side of coil, smaller on outer side; arrange- ment of hooks typical. No. 1. From common flounder, on viscera, typical. Edges of bothria often reflected and face of bothriunm hollowed out. The posterior emargination and median ridge are best seen in alcoholic specimens. 11. RHYNCHOBOTHRIUM ATTENUATUM, Rudolphi. (Plate V, figs. 8-11.) Rhynchobothrium attenuatum, DYESING, Syst. Helm., I, p. 568; Revis. d. ceph. Ab. Param., p. 307. No. 5459, U.S.N.M., parasites of swordfish (Yiphias gladius),. 1. Off Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, July 25, 1887, numerous specimens from peritoneum (No, 4761, U.S.N.M.). 2. Three specimens collected by Professor W. Libbey, schooner Grampus, July 24, 1889. 3. Sixteen specimens, No. 4715, U.S.N.M., September 21. Trawl line U.S. Fish Commission from outside stomach and intestine of swordfish. 4. Twenty specimens, No, 4714, U.S.N.M., from outside stomach of swordfish. These worms agree with Diesing’s descriptions of this species, and resemble Leuckart’s! figure of his Bothriocephalus claviger, which is placed by Diesing under 7’. attenwatus, Rudolphi, in his Systema Hel- minthum, but transferred to the genus Rhynchobothrium in the Revision, with the following description: ‘* Head ovate-conical, with conical lateral bothria, bilocular by a longitudinal septum. Probos- cides straight, clavate. Neck very long, decreasing behind, sometimes transversely rugose, joints of the body papilliform.” These larvie are grub-like in appearance, the proboscides short and thick, the hook-bearing portion being but little longer than broad. Hooks of different shapes, but differing gradually from one part of pro- boscis to another—better shown in sketch than in a written description. The proboscides are in pairs at the apex of the bothria; the latter are on the sides of the head, which correspond with the flat surfaces of the neck. 1 Zool. Bruchst., I, pp. 51, 62, pl. u1, fig. 32. 806 LARVAL CESTODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. VOL. XIX. I append the following extracts from notes made on the above several lots: 1. Length of one in fresh water, 64 mm.; greatest breadth, near head, 10; least breadth, 5; constantly altering its shape. Another, in salt water, measured 103 mm., and another 130. Length of proboscis, 1.58; breadth of proboscis, 1.16; length of hooks, 0.018; length of con- tractile bulb, 4.73; breadth, 0.88. 2. Specimens had been hardened in Perenyi’s fluid. Largest, length, 72mm.; greatest breadth, 7. Another, length, 56; greatest breadth, 8. 3. Of nearly uniform size, alcoholic specimens, length, 50 mm.; breadth, 6. Three specimens of 7’. bicolor were found in this lot with their heads penetrating the bodies of Rk. attenuatus. 4. The largest specimen in this lot (alcoholic) had the following dimensions: Length, 62 mm.; breadth of head, 5.5; thickness of head, 4; greatest breadth, 9. A large cyst was found in this lot, 37 mm. long, 36 broad, and 12 thick, which contained a coiled larva, apparently the same as the free larvee, but it had undergone a kind of waxy degeneration to such a degree as to obliterate specific characters. This cyst had a pedicel about 60 mm. in length. A few other waxy cysts, smaller than the above, were included in the lot. 12. OTOBOTHRIUM DIPSACUM, new species. (Plate VI, figs. 1-5.) [ record under the above new specific name the following notes made on a unique tetrarhynch embryo from a cyst in a bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), (No. 4794, U.S.N.M.). The cyst was oval, about 12 mm. in the longer and 6 in the shorter diameter, and consisted of an outer transparent coat, separable with needle points into two layers, and an almost opaque, granular, dirty- yellow coat, which appeared to be lined with a very delicate trans- parent membrane. The blastocyst when liberated was found to be pear shaped, translucent white, beautifully reticulated, 8.5 mm. long, 6 in diameter at the larger end, and tapering through an offset to a blunt point. At the middle of the base there was a puckered appear- ance, due, apparently, to radiating contractile fibers. The blastocyst was constantly undergoing changes of form, which had the appearance ot being caused by spasmodic contraction of the semifluid parenchyma with which it was abundantly supplied. When the embryo was liber- ated from the blastocyst, it had the following dimensions, slightly distorted by compression: acti BE lita, ape eat . ae NO. 1123. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. R07 Dimension of Octobothrium dipsacum. i Measurements. | Living. | Aleoholic. | | | mit. | min. Length.....-+ eeescen Bae a cain nas eielele aisicieleeisiniioianimialele (a nie/lormin[nl= =tnloialminieieicin => 5. 00 3. 00 Length of bothrium --.--------- aoe 1.80 | 1. 00 Length of contractile bulbs 2.00 | 1. 40 Diameter of contractile bulbs .--..---------------------+4eensseecon rns 2O2 | me Length of proboscis (approximate) ..-...-------------++-22- 22s crrr es 2.60 | 1. 30 Diameter of proboscis, exclusive of NOOK Stree aces eee ese ea ie ere 12 | 12 Diameter of proboscis, including hooks --..--------------++------+77 77777" . 22 | 21 Length of longest hooks .....--.------+-seeeecerretsr seer rrr etree . 05 | 05 Loe ee ee ee | The proboscides were not seen fully extended, but so far as unrolled they were clavate. The bothria were four, in pairs. Each bothriam is provided on its posterior edge with a small cup-shaped organ, about 0,01 mm. in diam- eter, which is eversible. When slight pressure was applied, these organs were everted, when they appeared as small tubercles covered with exceedingly fine, short, stiff-looking bristles, about 0.002 mm. in length. Behind the contractile bulbs, at the posterior end of the embryo, is a short papillary projection, covered with very fine downy bristles. The neck of the living embryo is translucent, and has the following characters in optical section: There is first an outer granular layer 0.002 mm. thick, next a layer of transverse fibers 0.07 thick, next a layer of longitudinal fibers 0.025 thick. Within is a central space filled with a granular parenchyma containing numerous refractile bodies. In this central space also the branching and anastomosing vessels of the water vascular system and the proboscis sheaths with their retractile muscles can be made out. The arrangement of the hooks on the proboscides is characteristic (figs. 2,3),in that each has a longitudinal line toward which the shorter diagonal rows of hooks converge on each side. Near the base of the proboscides, where the hooks are somewhat scattering, from six to ten hooks to arow could be counted on each side of the horizontal line, under favorable circumstances. More than twice that number could be counted in the rows nearer the apex of the proboscis. 13. Genus TETRARHYNCHUS. (Plate VI, figs. 6-10.) I group together under this head a number of larve from a variety of hosts, some of which undoubtedly belong to this genus, but which I am unable to identify certainly with any adult form; others may not belong to the genus at all, notably numbers 7 to 11. 1. Small cysts from serous coat of stomach of the dusky shark (Car- charhinus obscurus) (No. 5480, U.S.N.M.), twice in August, 1884, and again, July 25, 1887, Woods Holl, Massachusetts. 808 LARVAL CESTODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. Vou.x1x. Dimensions of alcoholic specimen.—Length of cyst, 0.47; diameter of eyst, 0.27; length of blastocyst, 0.3; diameter of blastocyst, 0.12; length of contractile bulbs, 0.056; diameter, 0.043; diameter of proboscis, about °0.02; hooks very small, about 0.01 in length. Proboscides slender, hooks strongly recurved. Possibly young stage of Tetrarhynchus robustum, Linton. 2, Minute cysts from intestinal walls of hammerheaded shark (Sphyrna zygaena) (No. 5479, U.S.N.M.), Woods Holl, Massachusetts, July 28, 1886. Length of blastocyst, 0.56 mm.; diameter at larger end, 0.45, tapering to a blunt point at the smallerend. Embryo asmall granular mass, near larger end 0.09 min, in diameter. 3. Small cysts from the cero (Scomberomorus regalis) (No. 5494, U.S.N.M.), collected at Woods Holl, Massachusetts, August 12, 1886; July 50, 1887; August 9 and August 13, 1889. Dimensions of alcoholic specimen slightly compressed.—Length of cyst, 1lmm.; breadth of cyst, 0.75; length of larva, 0.33; length of bothrium, 0.13; breadth of head,0.17; length of contractile bulbs, 0.09; breadth, 0,066; hooks very minute, about 0.005 in length. Possibly young stage of Tetrarhynehus tenue, Linton (No. 4819, U.S.N.M.). 4, Tetrarhynchus chetodipteri, from abdominal cavity of Chatodipte- rus faber, North Carolina coast, October, 1886, collected for the United States Fish Commission by 8S. E. Meek, Fulton Market, New York. The cysts were in small clusters in the abdominal cavity of the host. One cluster was 12 mm. long and 7 broad—all the cysts small; a typical one measured 1.7 mm in length and 0.88 in breadth. Dimensions of cyst and embryo.—Length of eyst, 1.5 mm.; breadth, 0.7; length of embryo, 1.14; length of bothria, 0.38; length of con- tractile bulbs, 0.31 diameter of bulbs, 0.15; diameter of proboscis, exclusive of hooks, 0.017; length of longest hooks, 0.011. The inner face of the proboscis bears extremely small bristle-like hooks. The outer face bears, for the most part, rather stout, recurved hooks (Plate VI, fig. 9.). 5, Cysts from stomach wall of the sting ray (7Trygon centrura) (Nos. 5477, 5478, 5451, U.S.N.M.), collected at Woods Holl, Massachusetts, August 14, 1885, July 27, 1886, July 18, August 3 and 10, 1887, and July 24, 1889. The cysts are small and contain small subconical blastocysts, which have a rudimentary embryo near the larger end. Dimensions of alcoholic specimens.—Length of blastocyst, 1.44 mm.; diameter at larger end, 0.94; diameter at smaller end, 0.16; length of embryo, 0.144; diameter of embryo, 0.08. Calcareous bodies are present in the blastocysts, and some cysts were found in which the contents had degenerated. Two cysts, belonging one to each of the first two lots, are larger than dimensions given above—3.5 mm. in length. For the others the dimensions given are typical. NO. 1123. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. S09 In all eases the embryo was too rudimentary to allow of even approxi- mate identification. 6. Cysts (Nos. 4838, 4822, U.S.N.M.) from stomach wall of the dogfish (Mustelus canis), collected at Woods Holl, Massachusetts, July 22, 1886, and July 22 and 25,1887. In most cases these cysts are small with rudimentary embryos, in which the proboscides are too rudimentary to be of value in determining specific characters. . -=-. ais eArovreieSPCClOSS 2ase 5 = seme ea eee me 758 ROM U ARIS meee eee sora sane 748 | Argyripnus ephippiatus ---------------- 404 TOSsSLormisee sess --= 747 new species -- 414 TU OSAR awe = sae sae eee 747 NEW SONUSis=.. 225-6 sae se = 414 = Sschraderinss:2320-2-eo--—2 747 | Arionta californiensis var. ramentosa. - 375 Sessilisiee + /25 seo tase eS T47 ColoradOensiS= -s-ssss-ses-see=e= 340 Similismess ee) oeeee Se 747 Varind Oensisi==--steosssee-oes= 337 INDEX. 828 Page. Arionta magdalenensis---.....--.-----.-- 339 Amistolochia ecsccaeoc coe eae ee 762 Aristolochipces a=. sens see eee 762 Arizona, alls fromis- 2 <> 22 sce 126, 129, 132 porcupine’: 22-14 sae eee iu shelistfrom = -024-2 se 335, 336, 337, 340, 341, 342,344, 352, 353, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370, 375 Arkansas, coleoptera collected by ------ 401 ATMOCVia \ViUISaris =o on oe. seas ae 755 Arnheim, J. S.. shells collected by ------ 375 Arocatus melanostoma ....-.----------- 265 AT OIdG8 \. 32242 2s ee ee 781 Artamia leucocephala-_-_-=2---=- <---=- 692 Artedius lateralis: =<- 3 een eee 242 Artemisia s= 2° sacs ee eee ae 754 eslifommica==-2 2-4-5 oe 754 Arthropteridisa so. 92oc- oe eee beceen 255 Arthur, J. C., insects collected by ------ 135 IAT TOCET NUS: JN GISA so-so waen- non- a teeoe 767 A Serie uropmUMles: <2. -hasse-e5sanes 762 Agcelisiattennata=22-22-e2 4-2 eae 748 PREM OMISH Se = ese eee TAT Asclepiadaces: 2222 is2-2seass. sees 757 Ashmead, William H., on new cynipi- dous galls and gall-wasps------------- 113 JASIIGS 2 22 225 See eee eee 702 (ASIO\ <2 Sis AE See ee cee 463, 485 aAccCipltTrinus =~ -s.aes-2=422 ast ance 586 escertained range of-_---.-.-------- 585 galapagoensis: -o-4- 22 soe ese 465, 472, 474, 475, 476, 477, 479, 585, 586 AsOpina oo 522s s sas 2 2-2 no eee 257 ASDAPALCTIS -2n-- oo a.0s-eereee ee eee 77 hOTridus!= 425255 ese eee 77. Asperula cynanchica 25.225 2 sss24 5 753 Aspidiotus abietis _-_-.------ a 773, T74 Heaciss <6 oo oe eens 740 var. propinqua ------ 763 var. propinquus- ---- 740 SOSCUlit oo: 2-2. 2h a 735 BINNS Soe 523 See eee 778 albopunctatus.-...----=----- 732 Q1lOOS soto te ee 77 aANnCyIGS!5—o—55 eee 730, 735, 736, 740, 741, 744, 745, 754, 756, 766, 769, 770 articulatus’...-:-- = 729, 731, 732, 735, 737, 738, 743, 748, 750, 751, 752, 756, 759, 776, 779, 781 atherosperm@ ----.-.--.---- 762 SUPA Soe see ee 782, 735, 738, 740, 743, 744, 747, 750, 753, 757, 759, 763, 765, 768, 773, 779, 780 betuless2 ss 2 so ee ee 768 IpifOrMiis Sse eee ae LONE var. cattleys .-..-.- 775 var. odontoglossi- - 775 possiess = isi 2o2 soso S3-- see 737 DOW Yai stes ee eee 77 buddleite:< =:4323= seb eet 75 Galdesii 4-2: 3 han ee 763 camellis __.....-.--- 728, 731, 751, 767 Carpodetin- =: 32-22 yas eee 744, 760 casuarings 2222222255 2 sae 7 COrasi--2. eee 741 ceratonisa. -. 22225 Saas 7 Page. Aspidiotns coratus 2225-29 ae ees 740 chamseropsiss.-- 4-2 oe 780 CLUPINUN = ese ee 732 cladii._<.2< > a oe 779, 782 communis-224_= =e ee TAL COMSLOCK 2 -<- = a" Sars ere 736 CONVEXUS oe 732, 756, 767, 771 COPOKIS | 0s eet eee 751 cyanopbhy li se a enee 749, 767 cycadicols.=). = ee 774 CY GOnIis 2 = sa ere 732, 7 degeneratis’= 8 a ee 728 Genticulatus —--- +. 22--- 65 753 destructor __ 737, 755, 776, 779, 780, 781 Var. fallax 22> 745 dictyospermi---_.-_____- 774, 779, 780 var. jamaicen- gigs 743, 774 diffinis var. lateralis_______- 756 G@uplex: = sso eee 728, 732 GYSOx y= = See ee 733 epidengd ri. 2s 740, 775, 779 eficrs: ae ee ee 754 eucalypt! a2. eee 746, 772 OXGNSUS ==. (2252 ae TAT fallax-<_<22-. 2 ee 737 NGUSE = oe oie eee 732, 743, 748, 749, 756, 767, 775, 776, 779, 781 fmbrica tous ].- 9. 749 flavescens:=-—-=.- eee 729 fodiens)... 2 5.- = eae 740 LOL DOS eee 738, 740, 741, 744, 745 Penistea) =.= 52s Pe ose 737 Snidiie-e ee = ee Pee ae 763 akties V7 hederwe:: o_o a ee 734, 751, 765 hippocastant 22> saa 735 howard 33.60 ss eae 741 TIiGigY 3-2 are See 769 juglandis=-*-—-) ee ee 767 juglansrepis —_. == ese 738, 740, 767 var. albus -_-- 741, 743, 744, 756 var. pruni--_- 741 kennedy s253--5----5- = 738 latanize. =<". -c..23 eee 781 lentisel 222 esas eee 736 lonpispina.--.-su5 see se ees 736 lonpispinus) =. esonseee eee 732 mangifertw:. 22. -2=- 2 see 737 minimus 222. ne ee 769 MINOT <2 en eee 781 MYT aee e e 755 Nei 2.202 <-2) Ae 726, 733, 736, 737, 740, 745, 753, 754, 756, 759, 769. 772, 775, 778, 779, 782 var. limonii - --..-- sna 732 Niger.s.22 Ae eee 770 obseurus! 2222 aex5540 eae 769 ostressformis). =.= =. 2s.e5 740, 741 OXVaCanthna.- oe. oo. a eee 744 palin: 22s een se eee 776, 781 palmardm:<-2-5-s255-- 779, 780 DAYOAN sooner 781 parlatorioidess=--- 7 -'-.---- 763 patavinus Ss 742 , : INDEX. 829 Page. Page. _ Aspidiotus perniciosus- --...------------ 732, | Asterolecanium styphelizw-.-....-.------ 746, 755 ; 740, 741, 743, 744, 766, 768 UT CHT ae serene en 779 A (CHE ae ee ae Sara 763 ventruosum -.-...--.-. 739 i personatus'.-------- lol; /35, 737, (88, | Astralium undosum _.---.----..--2.--2- 377 ; TAS MAS OUN OOS Od tlOseOs tol. || AStromyeter ss-2---2 s-so25 22-2. =o eee 4 é HORN esses nee eee 77 SAISET OM. CLES eee oe eee eee ee 77,97 3 Mini colatseeeese tesco ncs~ ss (AIG ENStPOM YC CShaene-e ac see eee 77,97 re DROSOPIGISEeees eee eeee eae 789 Crista tusieees) ==) ees eaee 78 ; UN Crease st sedate tees 750,781 | Astroscopus y-greecum -:--:----...-._- 453 ., QUERCUS ems =a tees 2 769 ZEPIY TUS a aes a eee eee 437 é TDK eee ae ee eee 728, 731, 732, new species-__- 453 3 OLA SOM OS MAU Mae MIS4tATA 40,000, ||| ASbY?IS! <---.----.-s22seeseess sees nee ee 312,313 751, 757, 760, 764, 767, 768, 771, 772, 781 | Atella philiberti__.................---.-- 695 POSS eee eee eee 746, 757, 764, 77 sey chellarum® =22scscss se ese eee 695 Baalisherteset = sere oes Sess 807 | Atherinids Ga2e2 see. ses Sele ee ee 440 Sach anibeee sees tees aa (82m eA bHOROSPermMaceasessoess = = once eee 762 SCULILOMIMIS== 42 eones2--= -no- 732 noveezealandie -_-_----- 762 SMUACIS sees he sees a an= sss idea AtGrip) ex ee sense ee oe one eeecs ences 761 SODNOLO meee =a = nance soos == 738 CANCSCONS' Ee =222 25 besa fe seas eee= 761 Sphewerioides =. -22-- -s-s-5=-=- 778 halimus'] Seeseee son ses ese aes 761 BpINOSUS Ss #2. se55-o oot 728 NUM MUL aT aes eee eae 761 : BDULCALUSE eee oes sees 771 ViCSICAII as sere see eon te ee eene T61 , SulbLUWescens ==----.4-------- HAS Go| eAtbag ell ariel ase see ase am ena eee OT HOE, 5 bareiOnile sas - acces esc aso 143) | -Attwater’s! wood tat -2- 222 -2.-s2 ee aee 721 4 CeNebriGOSUS =. 222 --cs8 25. 736 | Audubon, J. J.,on viviparous quadru- : themesdee: este se pessoas es eese 729 peds' of North America <2 -2..----- 2 107 Gi yee ork oe 730" Am lacaspisn= 5 oes foe oe) re eae 776 iranspanrens)=----..-s=55-->- 729 boisduvalii----------- 740, 775, 776, 780 : LTV ees wee sce 766 Gymibidiie ss a eee ee 715 TINO Digs epee ee 740 POSE joes see eee ae ee 742, 743 TIWVce Mp eee oe eect ccs 735 tentaculatusi---2=---s2e2252= 780 ; WIMOSUS#= 22-5 Seems coe socese= Toon | At ax Sees cece ee a meee = eee eee 133 ; Vil bis omens oe Sewn toe 735 ambrosizcola, new species ------ 134 ; WPIOSIES teens ete ewe Sone 7 cavicola, new species------------- 134 | RUC Cen eee ose ee 778 MUlsediicolape: aa aaa ee 134 ZONALUStse-2 2 eeees close ees = 769 new species. -------- 133 PAS DICISUR AIS one te I ss Soe 778 sonchicola, new species- --------- 134 latlOiseee 2 o~ ss acne oe tees W18) |) Aumlopidee 22. 2=- ass eenc= este cs sceoaee 406 Warlevataryen- can ses-2-2--5--- "78" Aviculopecten.: .-252--5-5---s-se ase 672 AepiGibes minimus. -82-.~---52 5-222 -c5- 769 | Avifauna of Galapagos Archipelago, _ Aspidophoroides monopterygius- ---.-- 237, 244 booksiand spapersions = -2222-- 2aase— 662 ee Aspisarcus.eucalypti-_---...--...-----=-- 747 | Ayres, H., on nasal rays in Condylura ANS MG TOT ET SPS a ee ee 784, 785 eristatats--22-.dsec ces eoe Sse 108 pulibiferum == - 2-22-52 etesceee 785 | Ayres, W. O., on Scalops californicus, HACC OMIM =e oases ete eee 785 New: SPeCCies)-=-- =e ees 2 oe eee eee 108 obtusatum var. lucidum-.--- 480") “Azalea 2222.22. - s2eenoS-t een oes eoeasece= 754 SCAT Ome eenee rere oee he ot oso cl eeeta cee 299 = bTOMMiie eee tae en | 299, 301 CANIM a beer eee ee eee S0Ly Bacchalis esses ena ee ees 758 Sina tae ce ees oe eee ee 301 VAIN Ga ee ey eee 753 LS SRUGUIES 2 Se 5S ee er oe a 778 VIN ail S See eee eee 753 cunmin@hamall=2_- 22 --e2- = ---— 778 | Bachman, J., on genus Scalops --------- 108 mEPAStOMaxillarise 222. +5. <2 22-2 once a 753 on viviparous quadrupeds __ Asterolecanium arabidis---..----------- 127 of North America ------ 107 an TIM ae aes eee eGR Bald arsikyes-2ooses=s secces= - =o -e=eeeee 2c ibamibuseoj = 22 ses—— 783 | Bailey, V., shells collected by ----------- 339 @pacridisy:=-.-—=-=--=-- 746,755 | Baird, S. F., on mammals of North fimipriatums=---3----— 738 SATIN CICA eae St awe os Senet eee ae 107 Neder === 3.425 = sss. fla ABalPd We eesese ote ace- oe sce eee ae 222 MI GIC Glare seese os eee F6Shl Bam ibusacceses-~ echo. tane- 2 os-- se eeeee ee 783 massalongianum ------ 751 distorta ss 302% 3. o esses eeae 783 ; MIUIaAPIS sa ee aese secs 783 Stricta.- 2-20 -eeo ae a eee 783 ONCIGII eee ee oe ROC Oil BAnKSis a: sein no eee naan ae ee ee 763 palimssrossts Soceviee = 2 780 BUStTalIS ene oe ee eee 763 pustulanss----s--e- = 729, INbeeTILO Mae eene eae ne 763 734, 735, 738, 757, 767 IMAGO ACA see ee 763 } quercicola===--—-— === 768 SOLrrataecae sesee seen = esas see 763 i ——< ve 830 INDEX. Page. Page. Barefooted brush mouse-.----_----------- 139 | Birds occurring on Duncan Island----- 470 Barlow, J. G., insects collected by — 114, 116, 128 Hooddslangd2.------ 472 Barosnia= 2.228 2 ssc eee 731 Indefatigable Is- Crenulata a= a ee 731 land).22-22e0 5 474 Barrington, D., on a mole from North Islands of Galapa- MAIN OTICH acsccs socss oe earn ae eee 108 gos Archipelago- 478 Barrington Island, birds occurring on - 473 James Island ------ 475 — Bassettia. 25-5 tis. ee eee 128 Jervis Island --.... 475 gemma, new species---------. 128 Tower Island--...- 476 | pallida, new species_--_---..-- 128 Wenman Island_-_- 478 ‘Bacsia latifolia 6 ee eee 755 tapeworms Of--2+-420- ea 194, 213, 219 Bathymaster hypoplectus -------------- 245°) Bittiom adamsi-2 2. ce ee ee 319 signatus'.2e52="----ne 245 cerithidicide. 318 Baur, G., on origin of Galapagos Islands 665 preeformatum=---- eee ae 330 on trip to Galapagos Islands- 665 new species. ---- 318 Bean, Barton A., on fishes collected at quadrifiatum==--0 ee 317 Bering and Copper Black howler, tapeworms of--_--___.-__- 163, 216 inlandsecs2- 5s eee 237 parasites Of---.--4-=- 5. 220 on fishes collected in Moles: 323-4228 ee eee 2 Kamchatka and Ja- Blainville, H. de, on Sorex aquaticus__- 108 PAN 4 .ofes coe eae 381 | Blanchard Wess. ss222-cee5-55- see 222 Bean, Tarleton H., on fishes collected at Blanchard. Raphaelise-—- aa. =e 147, 150, 222 Copper and Bering Blonniidse.-) 80s. See 2. 2a as islands. s-taseee ee 201 -| Blennius' tenia) 2... --22. 52ers 388 on fishes collected Blenny, new, description of ---...-----_- 331 in Kamchatka and Blepharocalyx tweediei---..-..-.----..- 749 J&PAN) 2222 oe ae 381 | Blepsias cirrhosus 2--=- ~----.5-s=-seseeee 241 Bears 22 2ichociceessies tee eee 3. -Blighia sapida .2--so=-csse ae eee 735 Bell, Robert, on fertility of land in Ca- Blissinia 2 2 S52 sete Bases ees 262 nadian northwest territories_---_---- 108! BoCagea ise eee oe ee ee 927 Belostomaideyrollit ==) 2925s ees 24 | BOIS alison =< sse= eee 763 Belostomatidt)--.----e == - ee 274 | Bolbocoris reticulata..--.--.-2.---<. ==-- 256 Benthonella turbinata .........-..--.-.- 330 | Bonnet monkey, parasites of_-__-_----..- 222 new species-____- 321 tapeworms of._....___- 163, 216 Berberides ssc-28 fa asec see ee "2 Book and papers on avifauna of Gala- Berberis vulearises2-<- =22. sec222-se=ses~ 727 pagos Archinpelazo=--—-=--- coe ne ae 662 Bering Island, fishes collected at--_----- 957. |) Boraginacess 25 2 ee eee 758 Bernieria madagascariensis -_--_-____-- 690° || "Borago.ofiicinalise==.2----- = eee aes 75 ZOStCLOPS = Jeon sees eee 690: |: Bossigoa.s.-2- 222-5. soe ee 737 Betula, ..2-2s cess Besse ae 768 procumbens)]2----5--.— 737 alba cesr2 baste kee ee ee 7 Bostrichocentrum==s---n-~ === 345, 246, 347, 348 papymifera:€:. 2 3.2.8: --seee- ee 768 $ryonies = sie oe 351 Beyoria opaca 222s: -2s-22552-2:25-55 2555 764 veracruziana--....-- 350, 351 IBIdONS 5222522 aoSe ce wee ee siee eee M58) \ BOSEDY R= on == ~ = oe

=--2 = -es——-o————— 669 altornabUSes secs eose-ae ae --- SRRGSESE I GAChUS mates cee ane sae ae aaeeeee aaa ee 750 artemesia _-.- 356, 357,360, 363, 378,379 | Cadulus-_-..------------------------------ 325 pall eyleea t= =ee aoe e en 354, 358, 366 dentalinajyeess seo e eee 325 ite ana ie See saree B57 PATInNU Sees se area 331 pinmeyieenes fae oases se 370 new species- ---------- 325 ibrevissimare se -=— === 370 | Caecum annulatum var. curtum-------- 319 ibpyanilesssa = - en 360 doubtful species---------------- 319 COODEI ees sa en eee = 358 INSHRUCHUIM Seas e eee eee 319 deal babuseeenssss oe see =a S74: || Cewlostoma assimile)----=-2.---=--------= 7712 rnagsdalei--—---.---- 374 imMMaNOle=- ces ceeea soe ese 739 decipiensem.s--asese-4-=--—-—— SER ile Cailliowees se. a. =e ae = eee aoe 739 CAD bilteee sea ae aera a 359 GING@rea meee ee eee eee 739 inscendens beldingi --------- 357 | Cajanus indicus ------------------------- 738 var. beldingi ---- 357 | Calamagrostis --------------------------- 782 Nena) abate coe eeeeedeeemeees $59) || Galathea vittata------------------------- 776 MONbeZUIM Mises ease = S60n@alceolariat s+ sesees-- os -- = eae 759 nigromontanus -------------- 357,366 | Calicalicus madagascariensis ----------- 693 oslln chimes sss ane eeen an oo 354,356 | Calidris----..---------------------------- 463, 629 ili shee s een = =~ — 358, 359 Qrenarigease eee 469, 477, 480, 629 TaMeENntOSUS!=--------—--== 357, 363, 378 ascertained range of ----------- 629 SpIMiber esses aeer sehen === 357.360 | California, coleoptera from ...- 394,395, 398, 400 Sui abu Seeees= ese ee ama 357, 359 fiSheSsELOMssoes ee eee eee =e 456 var, chinchensis --- 359 Tallsfromls=-----—---==—=— === 119, VOLO TUS see eee 357 21, 124, 129, 180, 135, 137 Veseyianus------>------------ 360 shells from__ 339,340, 366, 368, 369, 373 ATi EUS le eae atone eee ee 358.359 | Californian region, shells from--------- 375 Vat evil Siseeeee = oe 359 | Cailicoma serratifolia ------------------- 744 Billame bulOsas= nesses aaa === === O77 | ;@alliostomaes*=--=- === =-5 > ==--) = === == == 324 RSTn aisia eee ae poe eee Se eee ae 727 asperrimum ---------------- 323 SpiNOSAs ease eee eee eae 727 COL DIS\ 22-422 --=25 oe s=--— == === 324 Bursera gummifera- -------------------- 733 gemmulatum --------------- 377 BansS@nACes acess eens eee een eens 733 pulcher -=.--=<------=----=-- 323 Bie Orne eee eae sna Sasso a== 463, 470, 587 TOSCO senses == 24. ascertained range of ------------- 588 | Callirhytis----.-------------------------- 124, 130 brachypterus --..----------------- 684 crassicornis, new species- --- 130 REO OX 2) eee eae tenes eee = 738 fructicola, new species- ----- 131 galapagoensis --------------------- 469, lasius, new species- ---------- 132 470, 472, 473, 474, 475, 477, 479, 587, 590, 664 rhizoxenus, new species ---- 182 Teneo si eee 587 vacciniifolize, new species- -- 130 SWains Onigeeessee a aeese sate sea ee = 588.590 | Callitris robusta------------------------- 72 FEU Ge ONG ce eee ee ore ee ae aaa = 587 | Calocoris seticornis --------------- ------ 267 TSC Gees eee aoe reece eek sais 463, 602 variabilis, new species -.----- 267 ascertained range of -.------- 603 | Calotropis procera ---------------------- T58- a@bbicapilla es sssss=saceeee= = 679 | Camarhynchus --------------------- 460, 463, 466, AVL CUS see sa==n ene eens 602 467, 470, 473, 479, 509, 544, 547, 662 DIUM bCUS sesa=====ss ee 469, 470, 471, afin Stee eo ae see 469, 472, 473, 474, 475, 477, 479, 602, 603, 665 470, 479, 545, 547, 554, 666 Buxus sempervirens---------------. ---- 765 ariegatus --------------- 664 By thinolla sess" scene seee ene aaa E 369, 370 ascertained range of palomasensis ---------------- 369, 378 PONUS sss +ereanesy—== 546 832 INDEX. Page. Page. Camarhynchus bindleei ---.------------- 477, | (Carpodetts=-----=.-- — 744 479, 545, 547, 550, 556, 667 Serbatus: --sosace. tee ae 744 compressirostris --- ---- £75, ||\"@aryaalba:s-—-. 22 enw eee 768 479, 544, 545, 547, 558, 560, 667,669 | Caryophyllesz --_..-.-...---.-.-------_... 728 crassirostris------- 471, 479, 544, . |; Caryotal-. 2c. 2225.5 ee 7380 545, 546, 548, 551, 552, 662, 663, 669 TIPOHA)=3s-2) ce ees gy Bt a: 780 habeli + 2.2225 469, 477, 479, 545, TLPBUS | 2-522, 05-2 ee ee 780 547,550, 555, 556, 557, 663; 664,669 | Cassia fistula __------2----- 2-2 = ee 738 incertUs S2S2s-4--ee As 475, | Cassida decolorata =2..2---~ eae eer eee oe 698 479, 546, 547, 558, 560, 667 Varslutea se eet 698 pallidis -=222-33-2.2=— 466,474, | Cassin, J., on description of new mole. 108 475, 479, 544, 546, 548, 565, 566, 569 on exhibition of new mole, PAUDO? sooo eee 471, Scalops metallescens- ----- 108 479, 545, 547, 559, 562, 665, 669 | Cassinia leptophylla--....-.........---.- 753 productusess-- esse 460;"'| Castanea ..-_o=- -- 225 ee eee 769 470, 479, 544, 546, 548, 566, 666,669 | Castilloa ..........-...------------------- 767 prosthemelas -. 469, 470, 471,474, | Casuarina........-.--.--------------.1-.- 771 475, 479, 546, 547, 561, 563, 663, 669 equisetifolia = --=-25- sa ee 771, 772 psittacula ......_--- 544, 552, 662 quadrivalvis---.----__..-____. 771 Psittaculus t-- see 471, Strict <--t~ 2 Sess eee W711 474, 475, 479, 545, 547, 552, SHDGLOSS oo one eee 771 554, 555, 558, 561, 663, 669 | Casuarinaces -......--..--.---.--------- 771 ?rostratus----.- 552, 554, 666,669 | Catoneaster microphylla -----.--.---__- 744 salvinit: e431 eee 472, | Catonidia, new genus ----..--.-.._...... 281 479, 546, 547, 560, 561, 666, 669 sobrina, new species..-...-.. 282 townsendi_- 552, 553,554, 665,669 | Cattle, tapeworms of--.-..----..-.----.- 145 variegatus ......--.---- 461,469. | Cattleya eee eee mn ome eee ee 775 470, 471, 472, 474, 475,477,479, | Ceanothus divaricatus-_--------.-----.-. 734 544, 545, 546, 548, 552, 663, 669 | Celastrinese--....--...---.-.------------- 734 Cambrian Brachiopoda-.--.--..-.---------- 707 | Celastrus ceriferus----......---...------ 734 Camellia 255.0222 3 eee 72 G@elmisia). 322 oe - asa an ee eee 753 Japonica | ste se oe og | Colostan -- on. foe. ae ocean ne eee 761 theiteras 4-2 -ce2 ee Bf) CCL NSS ee ee ee 766 Campepharidssts-eess oon eee 692 occidentalis --....----------.----=- 766 Campylocentrus curvidens--....---.--- 284 roxburghii -.-...-----..-2-------25 766 Canada porcupine, parasites of -_-..-__- 220 botrandra <2 2-22 --- eee 766 tapeworms of---.--- 166 | Central or Sonoran region,mollusks of -- 335 Cancellaria rowelli__.....----.---------- 330 | Centronotus ------------.---------------- 391 new species. ....---- 307.7) Centropomids @.-s-e. ---ea eee 442 wurceolata..-25-42 ee ee 308 | Centropomus constantinus -----..------ 487, 442 Cantacader lethierryi-_..-.._.--.------- 265 | Centropristes striatus --....-..- 787, 793, 800, 821 Gaprifoliacem2-sescos eee 752 | Centropus tolu ---------------_-__-_--_-- 686 @aprimulgidsssss sae eee Nh ie Fok 686 toulow -<2.225 See 686 Caprimulgus madagascariensis -_____--- 686 | CONaID Y C10 99 )o— ae seee eae ee eee 393 Gapeic tin J-c.o aoe ee GRO) 4 (COLMWOCATIS pe on aae aan ete ete eee 674 @apsid 222.22 2222) eee 26g | Ceratonia siliqua.--..-.---.-.---...---..- 738 Garanx 62. ee eee ee 794 | Cercomya ledzeformis----....---.-.------ 329 chrys0s ...2--22--2----_+-=------- 787,994 | Cereopidee-----_ —-_-2.<-.- 2. 22e 28 ease 285 chrysusis. 225 eee 921 |) Coreopis'spumaria: 2.222 --anes ea eee 285 Carcharhinus obscurus..--.---. 788, 807,813,824 | Cerion ------.---------------------------- 347, 348 Carcharias littoralis_-....____..- 788, 797, 798, 822 | Cerithidea Sacrata---.---..-.---------.-- 377 @arcintss fe ae he ee 799 | Cerithiopsis --------=---- =--=5- 2-2. B04 Cardium biangulatum..___-__-_--_-..- 377 Cerococcus ehrhorni<_--<---2--= 2-2. -e- 769 haitensis sss. 2 32 304 QuercuS.2-2 2 ee ee ee 769 SOPTALUID oo ee ee ee eee 827 | Ceronema banksit--2.-:---- <-:2cae-nee 763 var. sybariticum.- 327°) Ceroplastes 2-2-2. eee ee ee 749 SubStriatimes ee ee 377 | albolineatus --.....-.... 737, 753, 765 Cardnelis: 2225222222 ee 532 artemesin so. 5-6 aa se ee 754 Carex Socels Josted nase ae ee ee ee 782 ceriferus.— {22.2.0 2-.e. sae 728, Carica: Dapaya-.----222-- eee 750 729, 730, 733, 734, 746,768 Carinaria caperata....2--2---2-<. --.2-- 330 cirripediformis- .--...------ 731, new species---.-.--- 318 732, 743, 749, 753, 758 paretol =: \.-..- eee 318 CistUdifOnrmis oe ee ee Saat 754, 760 Carissa carandas:.- 3.20 nae eee ee 757 denudatus so22 sesenee eee 727 Carpinns. 23:26 222 3) es ee ee ee 768 depressus:222.5.------ ------seese-2 ee Gisticola’cherina<2:.-. 9... =e Gistiness s 2 ses ee eee Gistus.-:: = ee ee ee RUTANTINM= == epee sees ee ee ae medics varvacidals-+s,.20s-so=-- BINGNESIS oases ae aes eee GCisstida Jee es See be eS: Cixius subnubilus, new species-------- @ladivan, 2222 5 ee2. ese eee ene Clathurella UE ce eee sae aaa iene new species. -------- fOYMOSa < 2-222 eee eee Vendryesianaj--222-- == —= new species-- Clea truncate’ 220-5 eee eee 1 Clemoentia teaniosa. -sa- oe ee : Cletus bipunctatus2=->-------= so -eea= Clinocoris'granmuneus: = 522. -2--s2=-~2"— SISNOTOUL so 2-5 os Clitorea ternatea--.--..----.-. @livicola Cowal. 2222 estee eens ees Clupea pallastiz<= 22 ooo ee eee Clusiaialbacit.t. oes she eee ee Goast moles: sat sega ree a ee Cobbold. US Saass sees ee ee eee COCCl Oss. 2 2-=- = senee es 683 galaparensis =--..----- 615 madagascariensis ---.--------- 683 pleturata:<=24-5 3 =-=- see 683 ZONSIGS 22 oo soe een ee 614 Columbellavam biguajsss.-o- sees neseee ee 328 grad atajcce: occas Gc, jaime 328 peculiaris: ---2.~2-<-2ee-seo 328 Golumbidss 2222225552 ee Lae Colummnay 2. ek Seco eae ee ee 355, 360 ramentosa _....-.-..-- 356,360, 362, 363 Colymibus pelzelnits. se eee te 677 Combretaces =<: o- 202. «nasnn cere =a eee 745 Commander Islands, natural history of - 237 Common Indian pangolin---.--..-------- 195 parasites of - - 222 tapeworms of 219 —----: - INDEX. 835 Page. Page (WompPOsilee sens. sees see sso cscoeecee cose do3n | NCornus|saneuinGale: = oe seeee aera 751 (Conip see ee eee eee coe et eS! 3950|R Corokiais)s-a20_~ 6s ee coat oa ee 1 Compsodryoxenus, new genus. --------- "128 cotoneaster= aes noes eee eee 751 brunneus, new spe- Coronillajclauca so ase ee ae ee 738 ClESE eee ae 129 J ese a ee 751, 758 @umingia californicas. = 222-22 —=s-5s- = 3i7 BCACID! see esas oes 739, 740 Cupania : 2-02 to a eee eee 735 adonidum):s22—5-cs-—5 Ses 733 CGapheaf . 2.52 aesise2 Soa ees ee eee 749 SMHS o_o sh> ne ee ee 758, 758 Gupressines:, <<. 32s eae 772 alatermt: 25-2653 ce- 734 Cupressus dacrydioides---.-.-.-.-----.- 772 albizzise=-2.232---2 ee 733, 740 MACTOCAT Pa. a-22) -seee- Se aeeee 7712 aphyllonis)=*=— 32) ee 759 Cupularia owenl=---22---26ee eee 329 Eh geet: ene ees 737, 744, 762, 779, 782 Curcums longa —2)-=- sees eee ees 776 aurilanatus\--~-- 55.620 sas 773 Curtice,.Ce-2 eee 223 brevipes == eee Ta Cyanoloxiayt 2s) 22-2 eee ee 466 Dromeline s—se eee 766, 777 Cyanophyllum magnificum-----.-----.- 749 ealceolariz .__----- 759, 778, 782, 783 @yathea.--. 2-5 cs stenss tee ee 785 ceratonise as2-i-2s-7 seeks 738 Smiphit sees s= ae ee eee ee 785 ceriferus:? 2.254 5..7 765 Cyathodes acerosa ==, -4---2-=- = 755 Cline. == 726, 733, 752, 758, 759, 765 Cybister cinctus=2> 2 eee 699 COCOUIS Soe eee 780 tripunctatns —-2--—- =e) eee 699 Cy peri. tas Ae 782 @ycadscewme-2sc- 2-2-2 ee ee 174 destructor === nce egos @ycas\ o2e se sas es Eee 17 ericicola’. {32534-62840 754 MCC eke hone a a ee ee ee 17 eucalypt 22". eee 747, 748 TOVOlUGG Isso ee ees 174 ficus a2. 3. 767 Cyclopterichthys ventricosus -------__- 237, 242 glaucous... 425.3 727, Cy clustsaccete seer eee 671 742, 743, 751, 753, 762, 775, 779, 784 Cy dnidse 2 2232-82 -see~ test. ses 256 globosus*==. ae 739 Cydonia cy donate 2-2. es -cc oe ee a oe 7 Praminis':.--2--- sree 782 Vulgaris. 22-2 sess = eect 743 herbicola:ce. eae 782 Cylindrella 2.2. 52 si2s5sscesee2ese ss 344, 345 hibbertis).<.-.-4 =~ easeeee 726 irregularia.22 4 See 347 hibernicus =. 24-62-52 782 Cylindrococeus=22--- 232s eee 772 hoyise 4252-56 eee 758 amplion Jee:2..2 ee [7 iceryoides 23<.234.=2. 523 770 CASUATING fo2855 =e ke ue INGicUS 2625-45435 2 eee 763 SPINIFELus=s2225cc45-5-5" 771 lavanGules= ot s-ceeee see 760 Cymbidium --2.--.-2------.— eee Ti5 liligcearume--S s+ se eee Ti7 pendulum: -S2ss5.52c5 8 775 lobulstis:: 2-25--e ae ee TAT Cymochorea <2. i ocss ens nsecesenteeasteee 655 longifilis ....... 733,736,749, 779, 785 : i j é ; ei - ie ; : we ee a ee ee ee ne er INDEX. 837 Page. Page. Dactylopius longispinus -------- 733, 736,779,785 | Dendrophthora cupressoides.________-- 764 maamUlarig o-oo e ee 750 | Dentalium gouldii____.-...........-..-.- 325 TMD ES eee eect ku ie oe 780 | Dentalium ? haitense_...__.......--...-- 324 Qbtectustess 25.0 sse52-=- 5 770 | hexaronumiss = eee 325 OlIVACCUS'Ssaeass sees eee Si ce 77 Striatume-e eee ee ee ee 325 anid anikeeeese eres sesso ee i81 | Dentition of American genera of moles. 13 OCS peer te see cess See (S2R183 WSO n lp Clb Id aecese sae ake Sen eee 283 Worl disewseae see ee ae noe (84 | Der gelbe Maulwurf_.._..._.-....______ 41 THA OLCUIN ES eee te ae ete eS 755,782 | Der rothe Maulwurf..._.__..._.....___- 41 TO INI sees seen eee ce 738 | Der Weiss-Schwanz ___.___.___...._..... Al TAY EVE eee eae kas. USA al PDCSIN AN, ween. oe. owes See Lee ee 5 Sacehar ine anc meen 782 | Desmarest, A. G.,on Condylura cristata 109 SCone cause eesesemee ae (Sze eDevernaiscoparia- = =e. —eee sae eee 751 SIM pl exe esse wee acco Git | Diademaimisippus:-2---- 0-2) 22-25 698 SOLA MSE eae Bee ee 758,759 | Diaphus chrysorhynchus, new species. 409 var. atriplicis ---_---- 761 eng ramlis) ess eaae noes eee 411 TOWSON Gua a2 eS ee 728 Che tare estat ee soe ene ee 411 var: steelii _.__. 731 UROL DUS a= ee 403, 404 ast O nie os eee ee tt 737 new species_....--- 408 VAS bab OD sane oe oa cee eke 733 | Diaspidiotus patavinus _......--...--.-- 742 yal al ee eee eee iO Za |eWilaspisiemiy ed alien ee eee 730, 731, VATA bt eae coe Seer 726, 727, 735, 740, 742, 745, 750, 756, 757, 760, 774, 77. 730, 731, 739, 750, 780, 781 bromeltss! 2s oe Se 776 var. farinosus__ 765 CACHE eee ae ee ee eee 750 VAT OSH Ee eae ees ee 760 Vial. ODUMbIEE essen see ee 750 Vib See Seeds ea Sl ee 734 opunticola)s---------- 750 ELT SO eens etre an Serna ee eS 77 calyptroidesip= = sss eae 750 Wed alochellaerees a ee we eee cals 344 CAnIeli® ses pee oa ae eee U72 Wanilasbahamensisss---- 65_L 2 ---s-—.-- 612, 665 GCOlViCIS i sass ae ans eee ee eee 733 Whine eee ec Po, 758 lanatus__ 735,740, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 774 atl ber el aeeeme merce ney een ae Se aL 738 GPCI eee eee eae eee ere 740 AD) RG are rt pe ae Ie re 737 MIN Ta es oe ee eee eee ee 772 Dall, William Healy, on tertiary fossils ostrezeformis .........--- PEAR 743, 744 from Antillean patelliformisess.2--- e222 es ee 726, PESTON ee sees eae 303 730, 740, 742, 765, 766, 783 on mollusks col- DENLAG ON Aes sen ae eee 740, 766 lected by Inter- DY EU snes Seo pe ae nee 744 national Bound- Ssantalie. 2222 727, 734, 740, 741, 744, 760, 764 ary Commission 333 COUN Gye = ans Aen 733 Mam bhonis esse seers c-, 0 See ee ee aeaes 783 | VISC] cece eS ncaa eee eae 764 ° cunninghamii -_.....-....--.- 783 | ELT SOG sce eee 5 eek oe a 77 Manhnecollings—----=s--2s a6 sea ete aa s-e K6du | RWIAStrO PHS sees see ee een ae eee 135 MIG n ee ae eee ee es 763 | smilacis, new species__-___- 135 Daptionicapensis. -----..-ss2scse-Lac ese 6iSe SDibothrinmess essen ess oes eee nese 789 Dasyscopelus macrolepidotus....------ 403#A0 4g WD Cred ee ea ay See eee oe 465 pristilepis, new species_ - A192} eDichrostachysi—--—=2-c-2o- sees ee ee 739 Wavalligeaen eo cere see coos ceesee eet ease 784 | CINOT Caer eee eee eee 739 CANATIONSIS@ ese eee eee (S44 DICT UT Cee) = aasee ae ee oe ae area 692 Davanioue=- <2see Sees okt eee) Seach cles Ss 2250 DIChULustOnncatuse ose ss ss eee eee 692 Dayoan i ere oa) TS Tale Dicty Ophanarcs =. ener esma san ecen aaa eae 278 COLy MD OSa eee eee eas "37 INGSCIUD Dea ee ee eae 278 Deane, Ruthven, on combat between Dictyopharida_-----.----.2-------2------ 278 albino robin and mole......_____---_-.- 109 | Dicyphus lautus, new species- ---------- 267 DeIBlainville ssa ee ae 222n |e DIES Sake MCs ten epee nk ee oneees 223 De Kay, James E., on zoology of New DIM eniaCewie Sessa seas 8 ee eee 726 DY(OT: Kea er ie re ee A FIRE oe 107-9] Dillwaynella errata 22-2 222.2 --=- ea. 330 Delbocephalus'2. 222 -c---see secs ee ek 295 NOW ISPOCIESs-su= =e ee 23 MemCTeDpparcularises=ssoee teen eee seen ne 6i9" || WWilllwymiazes-.2i 682s coco sce ee ees 737 Wendrobilmie- 222s one 715 JUMIperinayss-—--s secre ee 737 WencdnrocalamuUusssece.= se sasee= ae 2 s5 soe 483 |, Dimya..--------2- 22-925 2--- 5-2 saan == 328 Dendroica ce =e ee ee 463, 470, 493 BT PCNLCR saat ese eee eee 328 ascertained range of genus- 505 grandis, new species. --.-------- 28 BUTCOlBs sesso eee eee eee ess Seek 462, 465, Vars Glvanicatas.-s.52-= 328 AGQR AGORA vera ona 1404: (5s) MD LIM Od ON ice see eee eee naan 328 AL GVA TI ATS94935509.064000) | SDIOMOM Cie oem oem ie ee ee ee 463. 646 Petechia:=s2.-s. secseese-- =5~- 493 ascertained range of-_-------- 647 838 INDEX. Page. Page. Diomedea exulans.-.-------- 480, 646, 647, 665,672 | Dryophanta pulchripennis, new species 15 nigripes:(?)2se2s-.se4— 472, 480, 646, 647 radicola, new species------- 116 Diomedeidss' a. = ==. 225.25. eee 646 Vesicular -222- estes 14 Dicn edule. = -2 3.2 eee 7 vesiculoides, new species. - 114 Dioscoreacese. =.= 3- es See 777 | Duncan Island, birds occurring on__--- 470 Diosma. - 43a ee ee ee 731: Dypsicles 2223.2 2S eee ee 660 crenata. 230552 es Se Val |. Dysdercus 2.222 2 ee eee 698 Diospy Toss s—-. ee eee 156 DYSOX YON: 2205 a> 2o ee eee eee 733 ehentimi-3-22. 9-1 = ae 156" \| Dysoxylum 2522-522 sea eee 733 Diostrombus, new genus..--------.----. 283 spectabiles--=- see esee eee 733 politus, new species------ 294) | Dysporus Cy anops:..---se-2 sees eee Doon ote Dipeltins, new subfamily---.----.--.-- 676 leucoraster”. 522222 eee ee 587, 664 Dipeltis\=.-- ee 671, 672, 674, 675, 676 Carri ibs 2 eee 671, 673, 676 diplodiscus2- = -=---—- GTL, 672; 673; 616) “Marina el... -. soe see eee 75 Diphyrama) =. 22ee8 aa 397 | Eastern desert mouse -......-....--..--- 138 Diplodiscus carri, new species---------- 673 jackass hare=->--352- = 232 Diplotaxis: << =4 55 ests... See 400 tapeworms of ---- 203 Cribtilosaeees 2. ee ee 400 Mole o2s-5---. 2 ne eee 19,20 brevisetosa, new species ---- 400)... Phenacete 2-22-25 25.2522 =t = eee 756 MONIMNO (ec se oe eee eS 400*| “Hchenetbothrin=:252--2.22) eee 787, 789, 820 puberulnse 2022 400° | Echeneibothrium=2-2- 2222) 2 =s-s342--= 792 Sordidass 225. -'x-c252 eee eeeee 400 Variable <. 2-2 -fe2-— 791 IDIPOGOMLYS Hane ae re ee 120, |). Echeneis;remora;=-=- 25 cease ss ee 788, 802 MOEVICIMND © so sean eens (20) Hehinocaetus:-=--..-—--2=-- eee 750 melanurus --._-.- 720 | Echinoprocta rufescens----.---.-------- - tees simiolus. -....-... 719,720 | Eisen, G., shells collected by--.-.-~.----- 335, 359 mitchelli-2 --2-=---- eee 720": Hissagnaces 202.222 23-2--5-. eee 764 new Species ----.- 119") Bilssapnus . 2-2 2. eee ee 778 | Epiphragmophora..----.--.-2-ses-sese—5 337, 368 Drillia,messta <2. 23. ee eee 377 arizonensis -.--- 337, 366, 378 Drimiys-<.23.. 2.22 eee 726 arnheimi-.....------ 375 colorata: 22-535 eee 726 carpenteri --.....--- 337 Drymoics cherins <5.—2---e- 691 coloradoensis ------. . 340, 366 Dryophanta sss areas cee epoca ee 114 gabbiez.-- 22 376 emoryi, new species --...-. 115 giesbrechtii---.------ B47 . i : INDEX. 839 Page. Page. Epiphragmophora hachitana_-- 339, 354, 366,378 | Eriococcus tepperi --.--.---------------- 727,747 ikellettile = --=----=-=- 376 Ghyatils ssn eee sean seme 761 indioensis:--=------- 366 | Erioleena hookeriana.-------------------- 730 AIUpERCISk eee eaalaae-—— 376 | Eriopeltis festuce-.-.-.------------------- 783 magdalenensis-- 339, 340, 366 lichbensteinitessssses 4-= aes 782 pandorz var. beni- B\riphilopsis\ s+ -2s---2-2--5--2s===-===--- 326 POSOM SIS aaa a eee One leH rip by laeesesee = ne eae eee 326 rowelli -------------- SEG) rcessartenella -.- 22: ateeee oe ae ee aes 691 stearnsiana ---.----- 376 vinidisn: eo eee eee 691 traskii ..------------ Som eRinycinaibensass sess aes aes nee es 329 tudiculata --..--.---- Sibulebinythrinares sees eo =e sere er aaa 738 var. Cyp- corallodendron --.------------ 738 reophila 375 iNGICa = poe eee ee eee 738 SHIVA As oceans een == "-- == ee nnn 399 | Erythrosterna (?) brunneicauda. - ------ 690 Eranthemum variegatum-------------- 760 | Etracheliza truncata.-...---------------- 328 Erato vitellina--.------------------------ 377 | Euacanthus angustatus, new species--- 293 Eremocoris planus, new species-------- 263 imborruptlseess= cesses ees 293 Eretes australis. --.--------------------- GOSmleiacal odiurmess: 2 eee eee 347 sticticuUS|—_-------------- --------- 698 COmpaG hum es2s==aee=a se =e 352 Erethizon dorsatus --------------------- ROS HUcal yy pbUS ceeaeess a= =p ean 746 epixanthus ------------------ 723, 724 amiye Galina) es -=e-sae == 747 couesi------------ 724 Capitellatapee ese ce==ace === TAT new sub- COLVIN OSA aes se eee aa a= TAT species. - 723 Conynocalyx\ 2: === -=---e=2 TAT rufescens -------------------- 723 diversicolor _--------------- TAT Hribates-.---2=-------------------------= 463, 568 ahigis ost ae ee ee eee WAT rica arborea ---------------------------- 754 PlopUlUS esses ae 447 autumnalis------------------------ T54 PONIOCAl yx seas nae 747 mediterranea --------------------- 754 STACI IS eee eee eee TAT Hricacesw..-. -----=------------------>---° 754 heemastomaces------=--—— TAT Bricerus pe-la --------------------------- . 736 leucoxylonw.-2-scs----=—- === 748 rinaceidee'—----- =----= -=-------------=-- 18 melliOGdOrar =-s225=ees == =~ == 748 Brinacini ...----------------------------- 3 Od Orata a see ee eee 748 Eriobotrya japonica -------------------- 744. OlCOSR eee eee eee 748 Eriochiton cajani ----------------------- 738 OLbifo lias see eer eee 748 hispidus-.-------------------- 753 piperita-...----------------- 748 spinosuS--------------------- 731, 762 TesiNIOta we eee a= = eee 748 turgipes.-------------------- 771 TobUStaeee |e -ee- =a 748 WriococcuS------------------------------- 782 TOStiataeeeee ee eee 748 COTS eee eee ae este sceaa-as 735 siderophloia - ----- ---------- 7 araucarie ------------------- 773 sieberiana: so) ee e-=== 7 var. minor. ------ 745 TIMCIN abate see eee 748 AZ TO eee ee tae eee ae 754 Vitninalisse=sene= sess =e = 7 SEN ESSN ne See anes cn 765 | Eucinetops blakiana, new species-..-.- 141 COCCINCUS==---—==---->--4=--- 750 IMCAStio esses Ses eee ae 141 GOnHUSUS). 2-2-5 ees == === — 748 | Hudistemma. ---------------------------- 346 conspersus.------ ------------ 771 arizonensis-.----------- ---- 351 coriaceuS-------------------- WAG aH AS US tee es oan nee ae eo 769 cyaneus --.------------------ Ole MS CMIBee a= 25-25 ~sna nee one 749 Ganthonige =22--=-—---------- 783 elliptica_-.----------------------- 749 TLC ee eee oe eae enn 754 jambolana ---------------------- 749 eucalypti-------------------- 727, TAT malaccensis -------------------- 749 fagicorticis------------------ 770 Smibhiies sees cera eee ===" en'n 749 hohenisoeesee a=-—---e=——/=——- 729 | Eulacodium blandianum-.--.------------ 348 qnsiomise2s.cos--=->-------=-- "37,784 | Hulecamium ----.------------------+-7--- 735, 766 leptaspermi ----------------- WAM MEUM el sess s cee ne a> ne 314 multispinus - ------------ 742, 755, 763 doubtful species ---------------- 315 var. leevigatus. 739,755 egregia ------------------"=----- 330 neglectus-.------------------ 761 new species------------ 3l4 pallidus ..------- 731, 748, 760, 762, 770 MODIS; --- Bee cee een ens eesn— ane 331 paradoxus ------------------ 727, 747 new species-.------------- 315 phyllocladi------------------ 772 subcylindrata------------------- 317 quereus ---- ----------------- Maser GU) WHY IMONCS =se— ae 2 ae annem ane eee ae 696 raithbyi --------------------- 770 | Eumicrotremus spinosus- --------------- 242 rorismarinis ------ ---------- 761 | Huonymus---.--------<----------*------- 7 rosmarini --.---------------- 761 japonicus ------.------------- Te 840 INDEX. Page. Page. Euonymus latifolius.--.---------.s--2=.. 734 | Fisher, W. J., shells collected by------. 354 Wupatorium, ---¢-- == s-2o6 ns eee eee nee 753 | Fishes, new, collected by the Albatross. 437 Buphorbia 22. <|) Missipeda: 5.7. "ess oo eee oe 3 Eurystomus glaucurus- -...-=.---------- 686 | Fissurella voleano.--.-- -----=—-=--=--.- 377 Evermann, B. W., on star-nosed mole Bitzinger: id =pe-ces= eee = Eee ae 107 found in Indiana -.-6... eee 109, | Wlatidai. 2-5 = ee ee ee 278 Eixxcoecaria bicolor=.-- e220) oe eeeneeae 76 Florida, box tortoise) s=---seeesesae eee 253 Exocarpus cupressiformis --_------------ 764 crabs from ---<.- <2 2-5--5-='=s=s5 142 Wysarcoris lawisi== 99 see = 258 MOG Eo oe ee ane oe ee eer 21 parva, new species-.--..---- 258 | Flying lemur, tapeworms of---.---.-.... 165, 216 parasites of --....2---2-. 220 Fossarus.mundglus) 22222) 2=5- 2-5 ee 330 IWS CEs ee ene ee i new species_------- 320 OE rag Fane Se Eee see 769 | Fossils, Tertiary,from Antillean region 303 fusca._.-....---------------------- 770 | Foudia madagascariensis ._.....---.---- 694 CliffortlOid 6S == == ane 770 | Fouquiera splendens......-------------- 728 SET 92270 SS 770 | Fowler, A., on woodcock and moles.--- 109 Hainrmairia bipattitarj--sss.--5--42ees-= 783 We a ad a 340 Falco segyptius sae ie me Sm a ms a 683 Praxinue.3)..50 224 3 eee 756 ROULGC Omens ees 7 american gs. ..5- 5s ee 756 QE OTe 684 excolsion!.cssce =e ee 756 Newton 3.22.2 See eee eee 684 ioral. oe eee te ee 756 TEN eAL 10 Cl 2 683 sambucitolia===—— ae 756 Wasciola 22-245 =< apt Soe eee eee 159° |) Wregatanc-Son eta ee ee 463, 590 hepatica) --.+--22--- sn ess-u a= 205 aquila... 465, 472, 473, 476, 477, 479, 590, 592 tar belliana ©2is-2s-- s-2-sc 313 Mino =e ew 476, 479, 591 Feronia elephantum\=2-2- ees 732 ariel ...2 226222. ee 592 Ficana'apicalis®.:--2.=-- ven 225 - cae oe 261 | MIN OF 232-0 ee eee 592 MiCOldaCer cs = sae es eee 750 | ascertained range of __------..- 591 WieUS = 5-2-2 2-22-2222 fe 3s ee ee 766 | MINOT = ot soos eee eee 591 POUGAMINA 2 = soa ee eee 16%'| Wrepatide yc. -.--st==0 oo eee 590 CARICS oe een ee ea ee ees 767 | Frenchia casuarin#--------.----- fae Soe 771 Olastica, < 22-2052 25. desne eh 767 semioccultal = 2) eee T72 Indica 22-22-22 - <2 seen 166,760 | ‘Wrenolat..2 225 =. seen sna eee 772 laurifoliae =~ 22s s.5- oe eee 767 | Fresh-water mollusks-.-.-...--.-.....-- 368 macrophyllars- 222 sae eae 467) | Bringilla oryzivoras-22-- 9 5-2 eee 567 WATT CONSIS eae ee 164 | Pringillidss 2=2- 222. 32.5 ee 466, 467, 507 TGligIOSA SS Se asset foe ee ee ee 466%) (Prolich-24.-5.3-= -2a5 ae ee eee 223 Wilices=.-- 3 =s8 ae ee ees (84. uchsia © 3. tose 5-2 ee ee 750 Milippia follicularis=+ -242 s3-- == vy OXCortic¢ahs ~-5. 2 eee 750 oles: --22--t sacs e gato ee eee W57 >| Wulleoridge =) .-22202 692 Sees eee 217 Kimbriaria....-2. -<- 2s <-22 s-~-25- 0. 19821352199), Pulica chloropus*-------- eee aseeeeeeeee 620 WM er ey ke 2 eee 213 | PorphyLio.=-.2-) = 680 Mioninia AGACHDE o2- === 200) | Helicides -2:_ 20: 72s ee ee ee 336, 356, 366 Graptopsaltria colorata-----.------------ 276 | Helicina orbiculata--..-.---------------- 375 Graucalus cinereuS-..-.-.-.--------------- 692 | Helicodiscus lineatus_..._..--.---------- 343, 366 Grebnitski, N. A., fishes collected by-- 287,831 | Heliconia bihai ._....-..-.-..------------ 776 Grevia excelsa_-_----------- Dee a erence 130°) Heliotropium - 225.225. 5e-=- eee 7 TOUGH eae seeee eee eee ees tee eman ee 7 Helixcarpentert =... eee 339 Grevillea robusta .--..--=--------2------ 763 coloradoénsis =-22-2-=s5-- ee 340 Grindelia 2-222 =- 255. 2a ee ee 753 lohri cS 22 ee eee 338 Gryphea athyroides ....--------------- 329 mapdalenensis - see 2-- = ees 338, 339 Guaiacum officinale. ......-.------------ 731 Towel 8. 2S See 338 Guerinia serratuls-2-_~-.----.----=- ---- 754 trasktis:) os 22s ae ee 338 Guarlte HA Bees eee eee 223 | Hemilepidotus jordani-_-_....-.---.------ 241 (Sattiferascts sate se eee een eee ene 728 | Hemiptera of Japan, presented by Prof. Gymnacanthus galeatus ---------------- 242 Mitzalkcuri it. $20 8 eee 255 DIShWU eer sae eee 242,384 | Hemispheerius flavimacula -__.--. --.--- 282 Giymmnelisivaridisees: === see eee 237,248 | Hemphill, Henry, crabs collected by ---- 142 Gymnococcus agavium ...-------------- vi7 | Herendeen, E. P., fish collected by ------ 386 Heriaria us tote eee 761 Herodias!:..2. 2222s Se ee oe 463, 601 Habel, A., on birds from Galapagos ascertained range of _____---- 602 Islands: $2062 35 S32es2 32 See ee 663 egtoita = 465, 469, 479, 601 iiabrothammnus 22: === ena eee 759 intermedia. ess ee 680 CUGFEP WO) oe Sess ase 759 | HesperomystexanuS-......------------- 140 Haematolecha nigro-rufa ------ -------- 210 | “Weteractitisi-. 6 eess oe eee 463, 631 Heematopi, American white-bellied _--- 624 incanus 62. 4 ee 469, synopsisof American white- 472, 474, 475, 477, 480, 631, 632, 663 bellicdee= eset. ean 624 | Heteroderes complanatus---.---------- 698 Heematopodidee 22-2202) nae eae 621 || Heteropastrinaic-2 222s sea eee 264 Hssmatopus' 22-6 so Sec ae ee eee 463,621 | Heteromeles arbutifolia__-.-...-------- T44 ascertained range of __---- 622: || Heteropterames = 242-6 255 frazari~ 2s. Se anee ee 623, 624 | Heteroscelus incanus.......------------ 2 galapagensis=.2--- 2 469,472, | Hexagrammus asper___...--.---------=- 239, 383 473, 474, 475, 477, 480, 621, 624, 664, 665 | decagrammus --------.-- 383 leucopodus==-=---o4-- eee 624 ordingtus@-.522--,-—--— 239, 383 leucopus’. a 222-22 - 22 ee 623 superciliosus _--..------ 239 galapagensis----- 621 || Hiaticula semipalmata....-..----.=----5 628 ostralegus J22-{22 ese 621, 628 \F Baibbertia! 2905 Sees o> oo eee ee 726 palliatus -......---- 621, 623, 624, 664 | jinearie) 228 eee 726 eer nlidte.- = -- eter Se a eee 443 | WIT Rate sos sess eee cee % Haines: WS: Di sae eee 147 || Hibiseus'2 2 s022ee= 22 eet eee eee 729, 730 Dairy-tailed'mole:-2 22) 22. ae ncn- eee 68 esculentiss2.0 ee 730 Hakeas -2 3-5 seuss ee anon eee 76 populnes sh kk ee Ae 730 TiDbOsa =o | waaceeac ee eee 763 puUrpureusel! sss. eae 729 Haliotis ‘cracherodile2e---- sss ceca aes 377 semiplena --.-..----- 729 fulgens <5 +o ade_ssewae eee eee 377 var semiplena----- 729 rufescens: 2202 -csc- oe eee 377 TOsa-SINCNSIS” = oon eee eens 730 Balydina =. --0 5-326 eee 256 SYTIACUS 25 62235252 729 Halyomorpha picts. 2ss25 > sees one 256)... Hicoriafovatact.-. 25-225. eee 768 Haplostemma...< >= -03 52s eee ee S46::|) Hieracitunr: 2222 eee eee 751 MeGATNSI Lee 350, 351, 367,378 pllosélla 225-422 ee 754 Hare, Eastern jackass. ......=-2-.-2-..22 232 | Hilgard, E. W., insects collected by. --- 121 tapeworms of... 203' | Himantopusisceccut-senarceseee eae 463, 467, 633 INDEX. 843 Page. Page. Himantopus ascertained range of ___._- 680 | Howardia biclavis___.__ 35-1 ie Tea 732 himantopus == .-2242l52_0.2 684 elegans232 3 eae ee ee T74. MHORICANUS = see iee oS A oe AOD al MELO W.Gd) ce = ee ne, Bes te W7 467, 469, 473, 474, 476, 480, 633 ibelmoreana-—o-e5- kee 79 mMipTiCOlis\ 2 c2yes ess. k le. 633m Elo ya carn osase meee sae eee ie een eee 758 Happeasbrum es en2 2-2 esa. Scss52s4 - (0 ELUTE TO Ts eee eee eel oe ee 766 GQMeEStheweesns meee eeee = Cie MELy dr obatideoe 222 12 eee Se 273 ip pony x. SuUbrUtUs isso 65 teote settee dee || Hydrometra vittata_o----.5....024. 2022 273 LORUMIS Se een ees Se So oe SoU Ri SELy dromebrid ss messee nena ate ee 273 new species-.-- -----. Sceuleny dropsy.chesees= sae een eae a ee 280 GUIMNeNSes- 2/22. 22s. 5522522 3") Elyerophilaispinosa ----=22 l-s-5 os =. 8" 760 efareum dinitdse) S22. sao --=a =~. eee 769 709,713 galliformisi==2- 5.220 769 714, 718 gibbosust:3.4-223 oo eee 769 713 sillettel..-=.2.c-s2ieass- eee 769 712, 713 pallidus:<--3 == eee 769 712, 718 QUerCUS!: 22-242 eee 769 713 reniformis:=35. = 3 ee 769 713, 714 Variegatus: 3.02220 769 708, Vermilioz22-+2) 5224 ee 769 T1007 14) |) Knightiaioxcelsa.—----—- eee 763 710,718 | Koebele, Albert, insects collected by--- 118, 711 119, 124, 127, 133 TAO Wille lly Koray e Aes ose see ee ee 223 Till? 713) | Krabbea 2-2. =s = oe eee 205 711, 718 STANG Is: 2-2 eee =e ee 221 M19. | koma Sos a 745 M104 utoreinays= 2. esse 2 ee 707 (10) || *Kydia caly cing 2iss-22 30 ee eee 729 711, 712 713, 714 13,718, | Teabiatests552522.. = ae eee 760 TL abrosomus' 22:22 sess oe a eee eee 455 758 | Laccotrephes japonensis.-....-...---.-- 274 758)" MLaAChnOpUs= 2 =e-ee ae 8 eee es 698 (77 "|, Lachnosternaarcuatacc-es. oo -se eee 401 780, 781 PTACNIS SS eee 401 262 PeTandion ¢---e eee 401 282 Nornil 22S eek ee 401 752 karlsioei, new species__-- 400 PrUuninis- --2eeee 401 682 quadrata.. ea 401 293 wlkel {5 se = 401 749 Duseta cs. seuesete tcc oces bees ee ed 398 475 | Lagerstroemia parviflora ---_-__-.-.-..- 749 381 Lambs, cause of death of-_-._........--- 199 255 tapeworms of: - 7... +See 199 141 Land mollusks, list. of. 3 365 756 shells from Sonoran region_------ 335 "7 anid i. 2*3 < 22.320 Ae eee 692 756 Ibanius cha-bertec--="--—— eee 692 290 COUTYiTOStnis =< 225 =e eee 692 295 forficatus:.2- 5-3. 692 "6 ledcocephalos.<-s-.c- 5s eae 692 475 madapascariensis —--. -.--.s-2-—= 693 "67 Lantana, ....222303 2 ee eee 760 PGi | Lae 00 ae ee 265 "67 Laridte +22: eee 635, 678 767 (Larra <2. 35222ssi Seco eae ee eee 696 Pyar | CAENEG: OR see 731 767 divaricaita See 731 979 mexicana. 2.2... eS 731 772 harus 20. 623) eee 463, 635 772 ascertained range of ---.....-.---- 636 772 CAUSE) ~ {oo coese anne ne ieee 240, 635 772 fuliginosus o2-.2- 03s 2 eee ee 471, 473, 772 474, 476, 477, 480, 635, 663, 664 772 fUTCatUS! 2225-2 cee eee eee 638 772 | Larval stages of tapeworms ..........-- 145 et. ee eee ot an Se etre INDEX. 845 Page. Page. Larymna hematogaster --..-------.---- 2.0) |Muecanium'! gibber = soe. see see eee eres 768 Wataniapeeeremasorsanssana = cece scsa se 781 PIigdsoc.-+s- Loses cose ee eee 769 MUTCD eee ao tecsaaseescescsces 781 hemisphzericum.....-..._---- 726, bonbonicae=set ase asanecn oe coe 781 727, 728, 732, 748, 752, 757, 760, COMMERSONIM ons. ae -<-o-sas-5 781 761, 762, 764, 774, 775, 778, 779 verschaffeltii --.-.-...-...---..- 781 hemispheericum var. hiberna- WatitUspsansse22>=s15-2sSassscieees-s5-e- 313 Culonumpes seen eee 784 Wain ACOIO Ses ene nas oo Seo Sess ete sae 763 hesperidum --.--- 127, 128, 729, 732, 738, MMarnsminGiCuses-t25 2525222. S255 25. 763 734, 735, 736, 787, 738, 741, MO DUIS eee ease ee lsc ck e 763 743, 744, 751, 756, 759, 765, Mav andula shoechasis.o-- s-a--<.-2--s--22 761 770, 771, 775, 777, 779, 781 Many Sonia alba sa- as ceo-cenass-e2--5- cect 749 var. lauri_....... 751 MOTRIN Se ete ee nae ea oe 749 hibernaculorum™==----e-22== 732, Wench aieeresere pases acs sn onset eaae sock 770 734, 743, 744, 767, 775 LOMA Ctmaenss meee se asases toes 1712, T73 imMbricatumM=ssss=s sees eeee 730, 739 Lecaniodiaspis acaciz -.--...----.------- 739 juglandifexs.-- =. c-cseseeceeee 767 @Celtidise 22.02 -88-- 42.26 766 juelanG@iseses. eee cesses eee 741, 767 prosopidis:__-..-=---.-- 739 MAUD oe eens ese seca aes eee 7 (MOnCuSs == .5-< es esc = 768 lintnerit see. spose see 763 SAT GOA) oe ceeesee conc lates 727 longulum.---- 727, 732, 740, 749, 764, 783 WL CCR eases ee eee a ee 753, 778 macula tomes. sees eee ae 751, 753 var. rufescens.. 761, 762 mangiferse __..... 736, 737, 749, 755, 756 WiGGANTUM eee noe sece eons - see ec c-oen asst 735, 772 Minimums ses se eee ee 729 ACCTISiee=22—-s55)-22Se2s= 22552 735 mira bilotess==sse=== see ees 739 ACMMIN ALUN 52 Ge aayoece en sees 749 MOTI Sass ce ess eee eee 766, 784. POSCUME soe ae a soo woes ekSH 735 MOW-SPCCIOS cassea- ness eeee ee 7 aN OTD Cleesae= fs noses. 2. seen Se 776 MIGTUM eeeere = sea eee 752 SNOUStAbUIMS sean) eee sence es 782 Mitens oe Soe see oe ee 749 antenmatumessss= cease cnee 769 OlGS0 ee aes cee eee 728, 729, 730, SUMP es <2 esse ees ton oe. 2k 778 731 , 732, 753, 734, 735, 736, 737, 741, aPmMenigGumssssecases soe sack 741 742, 743, 744, 748, 750, 752, 754, 756, ASMATAPIN eee se soe es sce. 778 757, 759, 764, 770, 771, 774, 777, 779 ASSIMMUN ees as ees sas cee he cscee 753 ALCESONI ses= se eee 7 var. amaryllidis --_-.- 777 perloratum)=—-ss=-ssssseeeee 780 DACCACUIN =e = ease eso 740 persicae) =..2 2: sessbeee 28 740, 742, 751 DaCchanidis == = _-- 746 Malthopsismitricer= -- 2 == - 2.2 - 403, 404 hy pericifolia= 22 --2se— eee 746 new species_______- 434 hinariifoliaie----2esase=so—eee= 746 Mav acesa ae coos Se oes ole ce 729 NOdGSa; 3-2 Se Se 746 RCCTILOMNTS =a ee ae 729 PUT PUTER 223252) sees eee 746 aRDOTCUS Pas sss Gos Pee oen eae 729 pustulatas--o-seoo eso eee 746 AV AWA SCS so sees 9 ee tS oe oe 729 uneinata,<----252 esse 746 vie paastl irei rs os ne ne Sa ee 750 | Melampsalta radiator, new speeies- ---- 276 Mammals, hibernating, notes on-_------ 108 | Melampus olivaceous- ----------.-------- 376 insectivorous, notes on------ 109 | Melampyrum arvense-.---..-------------- 759 848 INDEX. Page Melampyrum nemorosum ----.--------- 759 Melaniolla 222.2525 5=-. sac ae se eee 356 eisPNIANG os <2o<22 tenes neon —=5 356, 3864 tastensis: =... <2) = see eases eee 364 Melanogrammus eglefinus------------- 788, 800 Melanospiza) ---s2s— seo na ees eae 466 Melanostoma argyreum. ---------------- 404 new species. --- 416 RADON eu eee nee 418 | Melastomace.- ------- Se Ie eee 749 Melia: azedarach =.-2-=--.2 sea a eee 733 WMelisces 2222225 eee es 733 | Melicoctaa22-2o5 sens = ene nee eee 735 Melicope: termmiatac----2—-.sm————--e eee 731 IMelicytusss 252 season ee seen eee 127 ramiflorus 0552.26.92 2 oes 727 Weliphagid 998 =o te sae ee ee 693 Mem bracidas '- 2. 3) sas ree a eeenee 284 Membranipora savarti----.....---.---..- 329 Menida violacea-----.---------.--------- 259 Monispermacesd = ooo. 3-226 -- esos oan 727 Menispermum cordifolia----.-..-------- 727 Merrth & ae oo a2 sae coe ena eoe sees 761 Menticirrus saxatilis...-...-..-.---- 787, 795, 821 (Woropidseect ssa. coueeie ce seeee ese eee eae 687 Merops'superciliosus= 2222. - =. ---=--= 687 Merriam, C. H., on vertebrates of Adi- rondack region ------ 107 shells collected by----- 340 Merrill, G. P., shells collected by--.--..- 340 Mesembryanthemum ------..---..-.---- 750 acinaciforme ___- 750 Mesodon roemert = 32-22 222-5 3= ee eee 374 Mespilus/sermanicas2.— eee eee 743 Metalasia muricatas--oesc-es sees eee 753 Metastoma> 22225 2-osese2 Se oer 345, 347, 348 coahnilensiss-=e- = - es ea 851, 367 CLOSSOL=- ne eee 348, 351, 367, 378 Olizahbethice =s=" = see ee 351 PASONIS\ 20 - see ee, BI ooly aren pieiiiert---2 522-2. nts-e eee 351, 367 pilsbiryiscoce se ee ee 349, 351 TémOn Gi 2 eee 351, 367 TPOOMETI= eee 465, 493 Miocene fossils'=.-- 22-35-2252. ee 303 Mirafra hova.c-0 sa¢-eactes soe eee 688 Missouri callstiromiee ons sae 122, 128, 134 Mitchell, J. D., shells collected by ------ 372 Mitzukuri, K., hemiptera presented by- 255 Mivart, St. George, on osteology of in- SOCtIVODA 2 a2 he oaks See eee 107 Mobius, Geheimrath Karl .--.__-_----.- 147 Mocking bird). <2. 2222 ose eee 460 Modulus! - 2222-228. 2 319 basileus:s_ 22. 20S" seeren cee 319 MOG Wises 54 =e ee 319 ‘Var. basilous= ssces-5=" 319 Moperal 22. ss secer eee ee 4,5 Mola rotundas<2=. sores = = eee 788, 824 Mole, Anthony,'s2:2.22~ 22-5 =32---ss-2= == 53 black: 2.2 <2 eee 2 IBTeWe?'S 2.2 essen see eee 68, 76 DROWN s225.==-2 22-0 an sne eee eee 40, 41 Coasties-s2 eee ee 52 combat between Albino robin and- 109 Masters. seoce nee ee eee 19,20 WIOPiG:) 65-02 ote Nansen ee eee 21 geographical variation in size and COlOT 22 a ee 29 Gibbisi.. 2-2 eae eee ee eee 99 PrOuUnGg 228.2) ee eee 107 of Tlinois. 242-25 se-2e. oe 109 habits of: 2-<=. 2-2. - kee 108 hairy-tailed: ~23--2--2)- saan eee 68 NOtO One sot eens 109 long=n0OS86. Ua2 ks oS ascss=a ee oe eee 32 new, of genus Scalops------------- 108 Orepon 2.5.2 2e5k 2a ere 51 DIAITIC | 22. a2 ce 20 purple: :.25-42 41 radiated’: = sinc Sree 40 silky S22 Sa 32 silvery =.-2--. = See 108 silvery Shrew) -s aces ee 107 of Illinoik==---es-e= 109 ; / ; ( | INDEX. 849 J Page. Page. Miles stal-NOSeGie 222-2 2+ Spe see ses ee 224 MmBnariensiss=..c- 60 soso eee fo#, | ‘Palm'desertim@ussess- eee 721 MOTIMAN1 = Heo ooh ee ee 782'4 “Palmacesd. <2. =3--2... 3 Se ee eee 779 preelon ga = cee ee eee 760 Palmer, E., shells collected by ---------- 349 UNTICH io aeees fase awa e ee Seen 728 | Palpares. 7 <2 2242 325. conss eee 702 Ortheziola vejdovskyi--.....---..------- 78 | Pamera hemiptera, 0.22... 2-0-2 seen eens 262 Orthobelus flavipes, new species- ------ 284 | pallicornis: 22s e 262 Naivanensisins sss oe 252; || Panax ar borewinis eo = eee 751 Orthopagus lunulifer, new species- ---- 279): Pancratinm ess. ees eee TiT NSW Senws 22. 0s ooo eee ee 278 Caribe) 2 422s G7 Orthopristis ‘for besi=---- ++ 457) PandanGs. 2. 352222 252 ee ee 781 new species ----...- 443) || Pandanus\: [23 2-9. 2-78 2ee scene ee 781 Orthoptora® 22sec eee eee 695 | falestusit 22. Se ee 781 OxtHGtominm tse eae eon e eee 354, 357 furcatos SS SS 781 WrbOINOS Use see eee eee 360 graminifoliuss: 2222-2 781 DOLGaN ps2 s Se eeeeee 7 Ttiliss 235220 eee 781 COODETIS- 6 ee eee 358 vandermeeschii -....--..----- 781 decipiens... 2s 358 | Pangolin, common Indian. ----......-.-- 195, 219 lOViIS seo eee eee 359 parasites of - 222 pilulaied so soe eee 359") (Panicum 22725. 20 783 TAMeNtOSUsse- eee 363 Parabolocratus guttatus, new species__ 291 subspecies 2202-12228 ees 354,357 | Paralichthys adspersus ----------------- 457 Orthunga bivittata, new species ------- 272 dentatus....-.-..- 787, 788, 791, 797, Ortygometra spilonota----.......---.--. 618, 619 800, 802, 810, 815, 819, 821, 823, 824 Ta DUCHAIS ie ee ee eee 619 oblongus.----- 788, 798 Oryctes monoceropee-s--4- <= 697 woolmanni!:2 220255 437 Ory ZObOrus:! s2222 oe ee ee eee 466 new species... _* 457 Osborn: Herber tis 245s ees eee 14 7)t) (Parascalops essen. een ere 6, 7,8, 11, 13, tapeworms collected 15, 16, 19, 48, 56, 67, 76, 91, 100, 107, 109 big eed oe 181 brewerls: st 2, 7,25, 42, 68, 111 Oscilla (biseriantarto2 5 eee 317 description of -___- 69, 72 indiscreta=.2-- ee eee 330 dimensions of new species .....--...- 317 aikallsof--= == 77 TVG Oe es ee 317 geographical dis- Osmorus dentex®s=— ae eee 383 tribution of-.-_- 72 Ostréa © 23 5s ae ee ee eee 329 historyof—-=.---- 76 Ostrya'..-- 99 ee ee eee eee 768 molting of -------- 75 Otiocerus coquebertii_......------.2.... 283,| (Parascaptor 5.22025 ecco see oo 5 flexuosus, new species --_----- 283 | Parasites arranged according to hosts- 219 Otobothrium dipsacum -...-..-.....--.. 823 of Alpine marmot ---...------- 220 new species _.- 788, 806 bonnet monkey ---..-..------ 222 Otus'galapagoensis=_ =~ =2- 22 585, 662, 663 Canada porcupine -.---.--- 220 Ougeinia dalbergioides___.____--__.___.-- 738 Cchimpanzeess=- == 220 (Onis aries < ses—> hemicry phusses2 -=-—- oe InsipMICOlAs.----s- se eee Physopelta‘euttas2225.~ 2-2 sso eee Phy teloplias2co.: 250253) S2 Seer 2 wees es Picromerus lowisics co. -o2 sete eee Piezocera Pilmnus) Senimapusiasssssse sees pannosus, new species- ------ Pimpinella [Pimipla = tc: steko Pee ae Cee oe eee Pinnaspis bei - 52-00 ee eee Danan saa eee 77 COMIDY Be sores ten eee ne halepensis] 2422-22 See Insignis.. ees 763 valapagoensiss == s=-.s-2e2----- 480, 619 ostreata ---.....-. 731, 758, 765 Spilonotase=) 2-2 —-—-- 474, 475, 480,618,619 | Pseudopleuronectes americanus___--.. 788,809 TERT OTI SIS ee eee eee 619,620 | Pseudopulvinaria sikkimensis_________. 769 POLamMOralid sees seas sees 18:107.,|(eseudorhodea = -— a asale 22. ss eee ee 357, 359 Poultrys tapeworms Of2.2--2./22:-2----2 147/213), Meseudosubulina — 2-25-20 seu eee wee 364 Prairioropherse. en! ee 230 Chia pensis's-=---4 eee 364 parasitesiofe === =-----<- 220 OISCMIAN Asse es ae ene 364 tapeworms of. _....---..- 217eilpieSCudOtrOChUSi= ean senate seen enee ee 319 TITO OMe ee 2 Se ashe es AO RSIdtUIM SUR Vays -\2ae an = eee eee 7. Pratincolarsipillas=---.--s2te epee 690) ME Sibta.cld as 22 =a een eee eee 685 IPPOciunl ChineMee eee bem etek s ey 672 | Psittacula madagascariensis--.......... 685 Priniates, tapeworms of __.___---.------ 160) 216) |pbsittacus Niger = re ~ 2 se senna none nans 685 IPriocellanianbebbySis-s-52--02-28-.e5--—- 664 VaSa- ~--.-- -------------------- 685 Prionotus evolans -...-..--.--------- 787, 795,821. | Psittirostra_--.....-.-.-.-.---...--.----- 467 OR ag eee eek Son wi) = 437. |(ESylla DY TISUS hee eae ee sa ae eee 297 new species._----------- AB oe eveled brit Oliata so -ccce= onsen ones ee 731 OTST ste ee Beet iS Abe | ntenS eo sse tenets ene = ee ao ee eee acces 784 Procollarintoeeee a ee oe ee 8 463,656 | Pterocarpus marsupium.--.-.......---- Te ascertained range of_.-...- Goia Pe tilocehus TUSCUS==sssseecsea-e-ereeeaces 269 GAPSNSIS(< a2 ses eeeeee 678 immitis, new species-_-_.-_--- 269 PU Ca Layee se, woe haem ae 65du |e uniNUs 225-222 ao oe ee 463, 650 asitatas- 2a eee eo. 648 ascertained range of....------- 651 ODSCURAse- saan ena =e 650, 651 audUbOniiss-s.s5) eee eee Teo 651, 652 OCCANICA Sons scee ee eee 658 AUTICUIATIS Sees see eee 653 Ola Car ee eee at 656 ObSCUTUS=-=5- .--2- ~-2522 GD0)6515'653;665 OULU S een ee eee 650 Subalarisss-s2- 85 nee hee ee 471, tethiysie esses etec eee 478, 480, 656, 666 473, 475, 478, 480, 650, 665, 666 Procellaniidrorers-=— 2... = 2 467, 648, 666, 678 bene DrOSUS ee eee ee 650, 666 Procerates, new genus......------------ STOMIBEUlig Se a! Fee eS ere ee 23 rubida, new species. ______- 270 | Pulmonate fauna, list of known-------- 365 856 INDEX. Page. Page. Pulvinaria2cic2) thee ee eee (a4, 784 | Pyrazisinus cornutuse22.2 22s 2245 ence 319 auranti Sse ees 732 ? ‘haitensis.5:.2... ess8 330, betuilze-=2 ess eee 768 new species .__. 319 bigeloyis <322b 2 see ee ee 753 | Pyrocephalus|-=- 22.5 463, 467, 470, 479, 572 ibipli¢atav=-.- 3. 5-32 eess es 750 abingdoniv?. 3 se s-=-e-- ee 477, pRASSIO . 1 .522-555:-2b ee 776 479, 572, 573. 578, 666 camellicola = * 3s 728 ascertained range of --_-- 573 Carpini 52) 55o>5- S eee 768 carolensis:: < 4-39-35. 471, COsbrie! +4. 2¥2 5 eee 730, 759 479, 572, 573, 576, 664, 665, 666 cupanise._....--- 735, 748, 752, 755, 759 Gubivs 23 --22.2253=- Ss 472, Godoenmi 52 +4 a eee 736, 760 479, 572, 573, 579, 589, 663, 666 euonymiss.2 2 oe 734 intercedens: 23. 225-27..-2-45 469, fapis 255-242 ese 770 470, 474, 479, 572, 573, 575, 666 fraxiniAs ss oor eee Sees ae oe 756 | key to Galapagos forms gasteralpha 3252.22.52 782 Of 22. 2 cee ee 572 innumerabilis ._-__-.--.---- 730, 734, MUNIN TS ee eee 579, 665 — 735, 736, 738, 743, 745, 756, 766, 769, 771 NANUS <3 -~=22ee sok 475, 479, 572, 573, JapONICas-.s-- seen ee ae eee 766 | 575, 576, 578, 579, 581, 663, 664, 665 maclnyeoee=s 2 ee eee 766 | par virostrige.---- se 572 mammern._—. 022 ee 72 Pyrrhulananh2--22-2:-- 3 694 maskolli 25:22 S=25 eee 761.) Pyrrhnlagra:s24 ~~ ee ee 466 var. spinosior ----- U72 NP VUS oe ee ee 743 mesembryanthemi __-_-_---- 750 COMMUNIS: = e"= 22 sss 743 obscura: * 53 2Gh erie 760 | CY AOnIS 4222 5a ee 743 oxyacanthioees-92- ee 7 malus. 2222 sso. beeen 743 POESICH 2 so. athe eee 740 popull : 5-2/2 22 pea 771 (PSIG Fae ee ee 149" 4 @Quadrupedayt s:ce oe. : eee eee 3 pyri--.-.---.-.--------------- 743° Quadrupeds, viviparous of North PYTiLormis 52 5S see- 749, 763 America -bss03.<-B2 ~~ 301 speciosum --.--.---- 793, 797 ferrissi ----------------------- 299, 301 new spe- furcata ..---------------- 299, 300, 301 cies __-- 788, Gabb, genus of mollusks- ---- 299 801, 822, 823 robbinsi ---------------------- 301 | Rhynchoteenia- ---------------------*---- 193, 219 Rhagodia hastata----------------------~- Pel) |pRibese nese es seae a= eae a eae 744 WhAMNew a s-=_---------- = 734 | alpinum ---------------=----------- 745 Rhamnus alaternus--------------------- 734 cynosbati--.----------------------- 745 CroceuS:--------=----------7-- 734 grossularia..---------------------" a atl} gba s==-----------=---=---~- 734 hirtellum..--.----------------------- Mhinastetss=------------------2 === 77,97 NigruM : -.---/------<=--=2=--- == 727= G45 cristatus ---------------------- 7 oxyacanthoides - ------------------ 745 Jongicaudatus ---------------- 7 TUDLUM ---- <2 2--29--- ee ee 745 Rhinobolus --=----------------===-=------ 709 sylvestris: -------------=2--2---=77- 745 WinOCanisss—-e=--=2==---2---- 674 | Ricania albomaculata, new species- ---- 277 Rhipogonumt - ---------------------="---"- 177 | episcopalis ---------------------- 277 scandens ------------------- Ti7 fuscata ---- ----------------7-7 77-7 277 Rhizococcus -.---~----------------7--=-== pool: caniiG dees se cee=se=n o-oo 277 casuarine ------------------ cue Richardia africana ---------------------- 781 celmisie ------ -------------- 753 | Richmond. Charles W., birds, catalogue fOsSSOL-=--=------------------ 76 OL 677 emidil==----=------=----=--~= 76 on collection of grandis....----------------- 738 birds from var. spinosior ----- 739 Madagascar - - 67 intermedius --------------- w7Q | Ricinocarpus -------------------777 707777 76 maculatus ----------------- q7O" | MRicINUS = =-<2--2-22-=---=---- as a eee 7 pulchellus------------------ 770) | uRICtaKiSes2-22-==---=----—-- = sapere 329 pustulatus----------------- 77 | Ridgway, Robert, on birds of Galapagos quercus ---------------- 734, 769, 782 | Archipelago - ------ 459 Wetarade ec see eraeae= Or 773 | on explorations by Rhizophora mangle --------------------- 745 Albatross ---------- 665 Rhizophorace® ------------------ "277-357 745 on new birds from mhodeawesess==------=--------- 5 355, 359, 360, 363 Galapagos Islands- 666, 667 californica ---------------------" 356 on new Oyster var. ramentosa ----- 363 Catcher from Gal- Rhodiola rosea -------------------------- 745 apagos Islands- ---- 665 aoc Ges eee sae oa Agee Rishi, Gy. s2--q5-<-2e-e=e-> ee 224 dichlocerus-- ------------------ 136 | Riley, C. V-, insect collected by -------- 122,12 gracilis, new species- --------- 135 | Ringicula, doubtful species- ------------ 305 ignobae22=22--5--------=--=---=- {api @Riperslas-=s-2---"----=s----" "tye 745, 751 similis. new species ----------- 136 | corynephori ----------- -------- 783 variabilis -. .------------------- 136 agile eeene --s-oe ano ae 770 Rhododendron -----------------------"-" 754 leptospermi-.-----------------7- 746 RnOMbus tees =~ = ae 7 maritima ---------------------" 782 Rhopalostylis.--------------------------- 779 rumicis ------------------777-77 762 rapida -.-.---------------- 7719 terrestris ----------------777777 757 Rhus integrifolia---.------ -------------- 736 | Rissoa pariana-.------------- 77777777777" 330 PACLICAN Set ease eee ona 736 new species Dah as ier 321 BECCOC ANG AI 2-22 == -- =m or= oa aaae aE | MRISSOIN&e=-= =~ ==" oon as eras ee 329 toxicodendron.- --.----------------~ 736 prowniana ------ ----------27--"" 322 Rhynchobothria. ------ ------------777777 793 elegantissima- ------------------ 322 RLS Soe eee 791 sagraiana .-.---------+-----7777" 322 85 8 INDEX, Page. Page. Rissoina striaticostata -.......--,.---.-- dee | Saxifragaces -_-.-..- 222222226225 a sa 744 Robinig nmMitis es ee ee ee eee W38) Scala 6: ses Sars Fo tee ee ee 320 NEOMOEKICANA he een oee Wee ee 738 Tero yi. tot a ce eee 328 pseudacacia Yet. ec 738 -| ‘Scalope;du: Canad at - 222 2-2 soe 41 Rodents, tapeworms of ____---_- 1545160, 1708216 |Sealopesis. <2 a2 see ene eee 4,5 Rodricezia 227-- e oe eeee 1i0")|, Scalops 22 3, 4,5, 6, 7,8, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, secanda 2o: 4204 9-22 775 19, 28, 24, 47, 68, 77.83, 91, 100, 107, 108, 109 Rosa) 252.5 ae eee 742 aquaticus+2.2------— 1, 7,19, 22, 25, 29, 31, Ganinay-= Se. 4s se a eee 743 33, 34, 40, 48, 51, 56, 58, 62, 64, 67, centifolig e322 e2 ss ee ee 745 69, 70, 73, 107, 108, 109, 110, i111 Rosaters | 22352 TSR ES ee 740 australis)34) 5 = 20, 21,29, Rosmarinus =-2- 2322.24 o se ane ee eee 761 33, 34, 46, 110, 111 Ofmeinalist 22. soe ee 761 deseri p- Rubia. 2-222 See ee eee 75 tion .ot peregrina -_---.- De Soe sas 753 type 2 se. 44 tinctorum=: =. S-- ee ee 753 dental variations in_- 38 Rubiaces Steere’ Soe ee ance ce ee 752 key to subspecies of - - 20 Rubiconia:intermedia.-=-.---22--------- 259 MachriniUs sss. ee 20, Rubus: # -2422ss.2 hae ee eee 742 32, 35, 46,110, 111 SUSUIALIS Soe 22 = Seek. ek aoe 742 texanus _ 20,21,47, 75,110,111 iscolorsse- a. s Sense eee 742 LY PICUS#S. - 7 eae 20, 44 fruticosus:2--s22- 22 eee 742 argentatus-___.-- 20,27,30, 32, 73, 107, 109 Rudolphi.'C.A. 25222. tee ees ee 224 tOXSBUS See 21 Rumexacetosella:-°) 22225-2222 eee 762 bTO Wel eee eee eee 47, 67,68, 76, 109 Ruminants, tapeworms of ---.---------- 171 Califormicuse - 2-205. see 52, 64 Rusby, H. H., insects collected by------ 115 new species -__.-.-- 108 FRUSCUS So oo5e eee eee 7 canadensis____...---. 19, 41,51, 62,86, 110 aculeatts2...44---. 2 See 778 Cristatus:<. 20. 2 .o-e eee 3,78 Rutacess 20) 5252-25822 ee eee 731 external characters of .____----- 47° geographical distribution of. -- 2 history of the species. ---_---.--- 40 Sata ok Eee ED Uhre aa 780 latimanns <5 ne. see 51, 58, 65, 107 umbraculifolia__......------------ 780 remarks of Professor Sacchartiint-s2 2 so ee ee eee 782 Peters on -------.-- 64 OMGINATUM se soca ee 782 TCDS ee ee eee 26, 30 Saffer, L. G., insects collected by------- 125 metallescens---...-..---------.- 51, 108 Salieincseis. =f 2 ee ee eee 770 parvus ~~--_.---.--------------- 21, 33, 34 Sai de ee ee et de Ee 77 description of type---- 43 alban ee a eh a "7 pennsylVanica sass ees eee 19, 41 holosericea .22e bas Lxtee os ee 770 seasonal changes of pelage-_--- 37 Viminalist-252 502 i oe eee 770 tOXANUS. 225225 Re Sete ee ee 21,29 Salterellatconica--¢0-)- eases eee 715 description of type--- 44 Salvoelimus Wio5. 28 soe ana ee eeee 381 townsend) .-- 2-2 eeeee 47.51, 63, 64, 65 lencomsenis = -e tee 382 variations in dentition and col- Malay ae ee ee eee 382 oration: Gf. 23 eee 37. Salvia. {22S ecto esac: soe eee eee 761 VIPCINIANG os jc5--2 aoe ee) Salvin, Osbert, on avifauna of Galapa- Scapantistert no5 es oe oe see ee 4,5, 6, gos Archipelago------ 664 7,8, 11,13, 15,16, 19, 42, 47, 76, 91, 107, 109 on birds in Galapagos age variation in. <..-52------- 61 lands a ee 663 americanus... = 67, 68, 76, 109 on birds on west coast of anthonyi-.--.-..-. 14, 51, 53, 54, 64, 110, 111 Amoericaj= === ef aeee 665 description of type SHTICHOZite ees cette oe eee eens eee ee eee 760 OPsee tee ees 65 Sanguinolaria nuttallii-. .-...-...-. -. 2. 378 dimensions of type TIMIOU GS 2. tee See eae oe 331 gkull.of2-:2--S=e2 67 new species ---- 327 aquaticus 22/2) eee 62 Santaleedee he oc 2 ee eee 764 brewer... eee 67,68 Santaltim. 2-2 3-e een = 764 ealifornicus!<.--.--2--—=- ee 17,50, ACUMINALUIM 2 = eee ee nee T64 51, 52,53, 55,59, 60,110, 111 cunninghamile-< -24- 2-545 = === 764 dimensionsof Sapindaces .2225-- == oe ee eee 735 skulls of------- 66 Sapotacete 2222-5 eek een eee ee 755 change of pelage in---.------- 4) Sarcobatus vermiculatus___....-..-.-_- 762 dilatus: 2X =.2 = Be eet oe Sarda Sarda- 22.2 cook a ee nang een Oly Toor soo. OED geographical distribution of - 53 Satigethieres5c.-5 o-4- ese eee eee 5 history of species-_---.--- ------ 62 Saxidomus aratus eto nee eee 378 individual variation in- ------ 60 Pe eee INDEX. 859 Page. Page. Scapanus key to species of --.----------- 1 | Selenites voyana ------------------------ 375 iahunanuseoes oe seoe =. eos ase 63 | Selenocephalus cincticeps, new species. 292 OVALS Sess 17,51, 55, 56, 110, 111 vittatipes, new species-- 292 : dimensions of skulls Semele pulchra---...-------------------- 378 ; OL eee oe 66 rubropicta....-----.------------- 378 : new species. ---------- 52 rupium ----...------------------- 378 seasonal differences in color Senecio cineraria.-..----..-------<------ 754 . ree ea ees ares soa 62 | Septifer bifurcatus---------------------- 378 creation as aee eee BeuleSeriolazonatal-s-stsesceeses te sen aan tae 780, 810 : townsendi-------- 7,17, 42, 48, 51, 52, 54, Corraniid 60) ts seek Sees eee nee 442, C 56, 59, 62, 67, 108, 110, 111 Serratula tinctoria.-.-------------+----- T54 F dimensions of Sesarin a eee seen eee eee nes 144 . skulls) of=--=--=- 66 bromeliarum, new species- --- 143 | HOM MSOn Gi ea: seen as s—s === 2,53 CiNCLeAl oo seee coe eee cee eae ae en 143 tow[n]sendii---...------------ 51 TICOL GME ee ee ees eee 143 Scaptochirus ---------------------------- Bull Sesbani asso see saesee ee ont oeesenee eee 738 F Scaptonyx _------------------------------ 5,6 | Setti, E-.--------------------------------- 225 Scarabseidee -.----- ------------------*--- 393 | Sharpe, R. Bowdler, on anous -..------- 665 Schima crenata ------------------------- 728 on birds on Albe- ; GSGhINUS 2-2. ose elas oe anes non = en --ea ea 737 marle and THO Ome ee aie eee ae See ea 737 Charles islands - 664 Schleichera trijuga --------------------- 735 | Sheep, cause of death of ---.------------ 199 Schuchert, Charles, on Dipeltis and tapeworms of ----------- -------- 145, 199 ; Protocaris ----- 671 | Shells, land of Sonoran TOeiOne==s—=2=— 335 | on the fossil phyl- Shorea .-.------------- -22=---=--=--=--=== 12 ; lopod genera--- 671 | Shrew------------------------ "72-72-7777" 1 , Schwarz, E. A., coleoptera collected by- 396 MOLES Wes Bess a ee eae eee 62, 108 ; insects collected by - ---- 114, 134 MUSK se eee ne aoe saeaaa eee 3 Scisena aquila-.-------------------------- 999 | Shrews----------- -----=--2--2 072-797-725" 18,27 Tre drome ot ene eto enn aan 444 | Siberia, fish from--....------------------ 381 iipaiiilldCemss2-+-esss6 osece=-o =~ == -- 776 | Signoretia --.---------------------------- 761 . Sclater, P. L., on birds in Galapagos Is- atriplicis----.---------------- 761 ; TANG Se eee ae oes 663 Tumule) sense eee a 779, 782 on visit of ‘‘Peterel’’ to Silky mole -...--------------------------- 32 ‘ Galapagos Islands----- G40 || Sill dee Te eae ore oon no eae 438 : Scolopacide ----------------------------- sog | Simarubess ---.----------------2--- 7-7-7" 733 Scolopax arquata._...------------------- 633 | Singley, J. A., shells collected by ------ 372 | Woroalisee tttes eer asses 633 | Siphagonus barbatus. .----- -------------- 386 FINCA ee Sees ss = ae 631, 632 Siphonotretide --.----------------------- 714 Scomber scombrus - ----------------- 788,800, 802 Sn ee ee corer sae ea a ; Scomberomorus cavalla ------------ 788, 815, 818 | campestris---------- Se ooo oe wT maculatus .------- 788, 815, 818 net hacen #-Fo so aag ae 135 . Wagalis soe ee eee 787, rotundifolia --------------------- 135 | Tan POL US wIs GIO EIS Neo a we 7 - Scopide...-.- --------------=------7------ 679 | Solanum -..------------------+------77--- 758 . Scopus umbretta--.-.--------------+---- 679 douglasii----------------------- 758, 759 Scorpeena histrio......------------------ 448 jasminoides- ------------------- 758 pannosa ----.------2--2+=+---- 437 lycopersicum ---- .------------- 759 | new species. -------- 446 melongena..------------------- 758, 759 | remigera.-------------------- 404 rostratum --------------------- 758 new species. -----. - 418 tuberosum. .-.------------------ 758 | Scorpawnide ------------------------- 418, 440,446 | Solariella altiuscula__------------------- 3 | Scrophulariaceve ------------------------- 759 new species. ------- 324 | Scurria gigantea --.--------------------- 378 | Solariorbis clypeatus- ------------------- 330 Scutellerids ---..------------------------ 256 new species------- 323 | Sebastichthys --------------------------- 240 | Solarium alveatum---------------------- 304 . Sebastodes.- ------ press comers mania ar 452 doubtful species ---- ---------- 321 EARS SMe SS eeaaaiar i 3t elaboratum.- ------------------ 321 | LEN ADO a Saag 450 Golenodon -.----:+-------*=----"="="77077 4 Crane aaa Saat BE 43% Solenomyia ------------------------7-7777 672 new species -------- 451 SEraL a eae we Aa ot A ae Oe eae 450 Solenophora corokiz ee Soe ena é De RCI CO Aen ee ean 449 | _ . fag l-:2 co ee rs ae : ie enicinetue 2-2) ss sehadcoccs 437 | Solenosteira pallida-.-..----------------- 378 new species _--- 449 | Solidago ------ Me edges as eee eel 753 BantinymOSeUlM sates ee nace 745 californica -.------------------> 753 "76 | Sonchus oleraceus -------------~-------- 134, T54- Gelenipedium.-.-.-------------------------- 860 INDEX. Page. | Page. Sonora Region, mollusks of---..-------- doo | Sterculiacem: <=: 2-25-25 s2ces ee oe see ee 730° Sonorings- 2 262.0 esate ean cee eee ond, 801,000") “Sternamedine: 205 ssa ee eee ae eee 678 Sonoyta Desert Mouse-.-..-.-.-..-------- 138 | philippinae 2s a= eee ee 646 Sophora tetraptera-._-- ---..-------__-.- 738 | Stolida: 22: eevee senna esa 62 Sorex 2-0 Se eo ee ee ee 2,95 | tenuirost{ris 2-32. 22 644 aquatics as. ie noe eee 19,40,95 | Sternoptychidee _-.... Fy Se ae eee 416 cristatusi eee 137727895 «| ‘Sternoptya + ee-2= ee eee 404 radiatus-s0..03 eee 78 diaphanas=2=. sesso eee 404, 416 Soritids <2 22 32-222 ieee ee 2) Stevia. 2 2-2-2352 Bee 75 Soriciniis. 05 $s 2-934 Se eee oes 3)" Stiehesuss. sas So=- e ee eee 391 Spalacopales 22.25. 22225 -2e ee en 4\" Stiles;\Ch> Wardell't2e 22s sone eee 224, 22) Spartina 3472 on cs ee ee 782 | on tapeworms of strictas*.. 25 o0 2cos sos ae 782 hares and rabbits_ 145 Snpartocenthrum): = )i52 jee 347,| Stomatia eidolon)-=--- =. 2245 ee 322 HONIGCUSic i229. 324s. Soa AN EE te ee 470,660 | Strepsilas interpres -......--.-----.----- 625 MeONG@ICUIUS 222 ne ese AS)).|> Streptostyla 22. ono se ee eee 348, 364 Spermestes 1ane.s2.s2osc-see econ asee tes 694 | pocourtin = es ee 365 Spheeocysta peckhami -...-.--.--------- 265 nebulosaiy-22 2 2-226 ee 379 Sphesrivm sos 2 ce es eae eee 370 new species----.- 364 Ssoldulum=* 5.2.6. eae 370..| Strigidss -- 3.2 eee 583, 685 Spheerococcus acacie _-....--..--------- TS eRe ee ee ee 463, 583 hamibuss 2 ee 783 | accipltrings.. sss oe ee eee 586 CaSuarinie... 2-522 le eee 771 | sdCOl2ee) se eae 583, 685 elevans<.-- oe ee 747 | ascertained range of__.-_-.-_.....- 583 frogppatti cet 2525-2 -2---- 7. OUUS 22-2 Saeae ase er eae ee 585 inflatipes <2.) eee 747 pratinedlaz.22s2h22-So ee ee 584 leptospermi _......_----- 746 | punctatissima ____- 474, 475, 477, 479, 583, 663 melaleucs:.. te ee 746 | Stromateus triacanthus--_-__....._..__- 788, 809 pirogallis= 2 4G | Strombinia <2 =) <*> Seer ees 313 tokiOnis: oye. saeco wecees 783 haitensis' 5-522 2e eee 313 Sphedanolestes impressicollis --._----.- 270 MITA sae See eee eee 330 Sphepid sa = 2-2 ee ee eae 696 newispecies-= 2—.---= S222 312 Spheniscidsa: 7-2 eee ee ee eee 6609) ‘Strombinella = ——- = estes ss eee eee 312 SpDHONISCUS ~~ Se eee ee ee eee 463 | acuformis: =< 2.ce-4e ee 330 ascertained range of_-___._-- 661 | new species - 312 magellanicus2--) =e 661 >| Strongyloceray 2 ase = see aoe eae 312 mendieulus...22) eee ee 469, | chipolanus, new species_ all 471 476, 660, 661, 664, 665. | fasciolatus=-=>.22=e— Be Sphyradium edentulum .........._--.-- 367 new species __ 311 var. alticola__- 367: || Sturnidse 93> = ee eee 693 Sphyrna: zy esenat yee eee eee 788,808 | Styliferina cerithidioide ______......___- ois Spire 3.0235 5s 5. Fe eee 742 preformatam 2-22-22 2-2- 330 a ooh eee es eee ee ae 364 | new species_ 318 Spondias duleis- -t2s-2-- 2 a 330 Myrobalanis= senses ees 737 | new species --..--....- 317 Squalnsiacanthiss. 2. o-sesoaee eee 287 *| “Sty phelia-richei= 2-22 2 San eee 755 SUlatarola: 22. 35 Seer eee 463/469, 480626 *| “Succines 2-2 === sae eee 365 ascertained range of ___..._- 627 lineata 222s 5 22 eee ee 367 helvetica .5't ae eee 627 Imteola) 222.20 foe.c. Sa Se 365, 367, 875 Stanhopoas<.=- ss tees eee ee Z 775 nuttallianay <3 367 Stanton, Timothy W., on Remondia, Tusticana:+-s.2. ---- 307 genus of cretaceous bivalve mollusks_ 299 sillimani 2-3 Sse =e ee 367 Shel nOsed MOG 15.2255 cee es ee Ben stretehiana/ =a > sooraas ee 367 Staticoarmerias ot l=. 2s 750.)| Succineidss 2222-22-22 eas oe eee 365, 367 SECATNSIA TODDINSI! 3 see ae ee ee ae 300,901. | ‘Sudak22-<522: 2 a eee 239 Stejneger, Leonhard, fishes collected Bullac See fF ale ae SE ene eee 463, 595, 598 DY westbe sect eee cee ere 237,381 ascertained range of--..------------ 595 Stelisetat4 et ee ee eee 775 brewster!" = eee 465, Stellaria holostea- =>. --.-- = 728 476, 477, 478, 479, 595, 597, G24, B64 StQNOP Vlas 2555-2 ss ee ee 355, 364 Cyanops<<225 ee eS eee 728 Sylvicola aureola------------------------ 493, 663 | Manes staMinea@: ss ecs ess eae 378 Synbothrium ---.------------------------ 811 | Tapeworms, analytical key to generaof 149 Aiieoiions. os 788, 811, 815, 820, 824 | Gandini Spinel ents SCOLGX See eee eee 815 Ofibird Sh. (ees t-— -ae eee 219 Synearpia Taurifoliaess---\=----------~=- 748 Cattle-w.t c2-n=see-neeees 145 Syndesmobothrium filicolle ~-..-------- 815 common Indian pango- Syngenaspis parlatoriw- ---------------- 77 Line eee’. eee eee 219 Syringa vulgaris ----.------------------- 756 hares and rabbits- ------ 145 NOTrse eas so cneaeee ee 145, 151 TNA ee ese ee eee were aee 219 Ma banuSie-22s.-2--=------------------<--- 702 | poultry eas. 2 eet ae =n V7 Taberneemontana ----------------------- q57 | SHOCD eats se oe se eee 145 Tachardia acacie - ----- ate med re rn 739 Tarchardia larrev ---------------------- 731 CORNUGAY ES seen ese Weg’ | Taupe .----2<---+-.--2------ ------==------ 5 decotellatess:s- seen sc--- vg | Taupes----------------------------------- 5 ful pen sees 2 see eee == -= 733 Tautoga onitis-.------------------------- 788, 800 Bommmitonae: see anaes 750 | Taxage .--------+----- rn seeker eee T72 acca eee =: 726, 728, 729, 730, 732, Tchihanakh Tukukh -----.------ ----3--- 238 733, 736, 738, 740, 745, 757, 760, 765 MOCO a Bo ssee pease eee an es aaa 760 NATOGD Ree ores cle ce ace #39 +Tectona grandis ---.--------------------- 760 melalouGss =ts--4-24-=-5- 746,747,753 | Telespiza--.------------------------------ 467 Tachornis gracilis. ---------------------- 687 Ha viSSiiM ae seeeee see eee 467 Tachypetes aquilus ---.----------------- 590 | Tellina ---.-.--------------------- eee 329 MN OL Sees aaa Sea se owas 591 biplicatas: -ss---2ee =2--2 === 329 Tachysurus liropus --.------------------ 437,438 odesxensisyeces se s2s2--e=== === 378 MOlANODUS S225. -ss2es=-—= 438 SAQT OO sees se oa eee em ee 329 A ieesT i ee es See eS ee aeainn==== 791,816 Tenney,S.,on star-nosed mole-.-.-------- 110 loliginise==------2<+-=--5=--------- 792 | Tephrosia purpurea- -------------------- 738 pectinata, early stages in life of - 199 'Teracolus aldabremsis- - ----------------- 698 Tallichet, J. H-.-------------------------- Ta | Merebra.----- s=-c- <----2 ---- =2-0-= oan 312 (alpaess=s2a-s=—=~ 2,3, 5, 13, 18, 19, 40, 76, 92, 96, 109 Terebratalia transversa var. caurina -- 378 CE TTC Hee new ec aa nae aman = 42 | Teredina--------------------------------- 328 america aeeeee: = =----------=--- 2, 76, 109 doubtful species -------------- 327 aquatica -----.-------------------- jg | Termes...-- --------------------------°--- 283 SG Wieser eee nae See a 42 Terminalia arjuna. ---------------------- 745 CANAGENSIS ete. ce seeae ria = 2-28 =- <== 78 catappa-.--------------------- 7 Gristataeetceo cee. een ena mans 78 tomentosa -----------------=- 745 cupreata.--.---------------------- 19,21,43 | Ternstroemiaces ---------------- Sees Ses 728 BULODEOM se2-2- 222 =2=2---2--= 3, 26, 40, 76, 93 Terpsiphone mutata -------------------- 691 Hava eee eae ene oes 19,41 Terpsonia pryeri---.-------------------- 276 Havescensieees-e--- === 19 | Terrapene ------------------------------* 254 Het yee aon eee a 19,41 | Da Utieees toe soon ean 25 TSC ene oe eee eee ne eee = =e aan 19, 40 | Carolina es sooeess= =e eee en 253, 254 longicaudata -------------------- 78,95, 96 | cinosteroides ---------------- 254 MachtiNaiss sess -5----/=--=--~--=-- 20, 31,32 | WB OF oes sae eee ee aa 254 niger .---------------------=-------- 2,40 | mexicana -.-.----------------- 253, 254 peunanviie--9.22-----=------- 19, 20, 42, 109 Briatore eee asec eer cop eve purpurascens. -------------------- 41 PVN PULS yaa ss oe 253, 254 ek GLa te ee ee ea ai == 78 yucatana--------------------- 254 TUT ee eee See nei ena = 2 Tertiary fossils from Antillean region. 303 RELICOM een tet ee ee eee ee === 20,32 . Tessarobelus guerinii-.-...- ------------- 746 Seon a Laer eee seen ete 42, 51,58, 63, 109 Tetrabothria .--------------------------- 791 townsendil--.=2--=2--.--4---------- 2,59 | Tetrabothrium loliginis ---------------- 792 virginiana -.-----.---------------- 19 | Tetranarce occidentalis------------- 788, 810, 823 virginianus ----------------------- 2.49 | Tetranodus, new genus------------------ 396 Males eee se oe oe ee == = an 5 niveicollis, new species - --- 396 Malpasorex.--------------=-------------- 19, 42,77 | Tetrao madagarensis ---- ---------------- 682 FISSIDCS teeter aaa eee a= 78 nigricollis------------------------ 682 Msilpidee_=----=------ ------=--=-~=- 3,5,18,107,108 Tetrapturus imperator ------ ----------- 788, 809 Mal pide@Sus.-=-5--=--------=-----4-==------ 4,5 Tetrarhynchobothrium. - .---------- 815 Malpinas=.---22-:-----=----+-----------~<- 5 bicolore-cen=--= 813 Tiallysii poeeeeeees nena. - =< 2-= =e oon 5,6 | Tetrarhynchus..-.----------------------- 807, 810 Talpini ...-----2-------------e22 207 eee 3 | bicolor ...--- 788, 806, 813, 814, S24 862 INDEX. Page. Page. Tetrarhynchus bisulcatum- ---- 788, 810,811,823 | Townsend, C. H., birds collected by ---- 486, cheetodipteri _.......... 808 487, 489, 495, 501, 502, 519, 522, elongatus(c=--.525—- 78, 812, 824 549, 559,577, 581, 604, 637, 657 erinaceus -....------ 788,811, 824 coleopteracollected by 394, lar yie'S. A Ss eee ee eee 788, 82 395, 397, 399 FODUSUUND — 2 eesee seen 808 on birds from Cocos TUSOSUM,=2o- 080-22 oe 814 and Malpelo islands- 666 PENUG= 2-225 222s eco. eee 808\|| "Townsend’s moles 2-22 20.- 2 see 51 - Tetrura rubles 742 | Trachelospermum jasminoides -___-__-- 757 ettioia omni: 2225 2 Wirifelterr ee 737 MOO) 2-425 eo Sse aces as ese ee ese 21 pratense: =... ee 737 Shplistrome=s-- 2---seee 3527869; 871, || Triforign 22925 == See 318 Thalassidroma gracilis: 2:7 -.<-2-2 scare 658 doubtful species-_-..-.-.-.-._--- 318 Thalassornis coccophaga.--------------- 04: |) DSI lid gay ees eee oe re 419, 452 insularis, new species ---- 678.) ‘Drigongspis< 2 5.2 ae ee ee 113 leuconote joss. -5 ease 678 megaptera ---.--.------==-: 113 Thamnotettix sellata, new species ----- 294 radicis, new species —_---__ 113 Thespesia populnea<_-=- =~! =-=2=-2_-- Wa0\)}. Urironia =. 2242 Gets Ae eee 299, 300 Whey etia Neriflolia-~-—- == re see ae fal| Prigontids:23-2--- os) see eee 299 Thomomystulyvus.222- sae eos eee 119") Wiring toe coo ea ee ee eee 463, 630 intermedius, new subspe- STONSTIG. = ea eee 629 CleS a oo Fo ta ee 719 canutes =~ 125 = ses8 Se ee ee 630 pereprinus<-s2--5 a5 se-e—= 719 helvetica: 2 2s55 see ae 627 Thunhergia grandiflora. --_-.------------ 760 INnterpresj-4 es eee 625 INWWY 822sosc solace Soe 8 aan ee ee 772 minutilla-3 52s 474, 480, 630, 631 occidentalis: . 222222 222-22 sbsece 712 squatarola:==s.25.2255 6284 ee =e 626 orientalis! 22.5 2-3-6 eee eee Ti: | *Wriodopsisi = 2222 Ase Se eee B41, 344 Thymelmaces i 22= -2.822-s2222 -28s= sce 763 levettei__-=--5-=.5- 2 ae df Thymus ‘vulgaris: =-< 2) 2S es sa 761 var. orobeena, __--.--- 341 Thysanocephalum:--:-:----.-=2=<2-- 787, 792, 821 var. thomsoniana__-_- 341 crispum 2s 5-623 792. | “ripty chus niveae c= 55 === 2s eee 317 "Why sanoOphora =< s+ 222228 -2e nee enone Sev) Leas Cree 783 Horn. <7 eso Seo aoe 336,366: | ¢(‘Trisoleniat.2-2-.<---s=.o 225 passes eee 129 impersolliizs= 2-95 eee- eae 342, 366 punctata, new species--_-_--.- 129 Tiburon Island, desert mouse _______--- 720 Saltate nosso oe 129 kangaroo rat: _—:.. 22-2 TAQ (AT riticum<.--=)2 2 oss ee eee 783 Tihig-.t Co. 2 eek eee on oe eae eee ORs 730 | Triumfetta rhomboidea-.--_--_--.-.-.----- 7 COMIMTUMIS 5225 Shee eee eee eee 731. || Trophon dominicensis! == 2222225 =-== 313 Srandifolia o.oo 2a eee 730) | SE LOpicoris, japonicus === se == Sees 257 plaitiyp byille: 2 = Je Se eee ae ace 731 | True, Frederck W., on proper name of Distyphytlos sce ease oe eens 730 Brewer's mole__- 110 sylvestris --s 2 Seer ere 731 on Revision of VIPS ATIS lS Ac ae eee ra 731 American Moles- 1 TP RGens Ae ees Lure as fe See eee 730 | Trygon centrura ------- 788, 808, 815, 817, 819, 824 Tillandsia splendens 2. -. 222 2S eee 2. 707.) Walktlkh = .~ = ee Se 238 Mnrallidces = esse ee oe 688 | Turbonila tenuilineata, new species --_-_- 317 RING Ideet = aes ae ee ee 26D ||) Durbonillas--- 2) as-scsene === ee 3l4 Minpis pyrioides S222 n= ee 265 angulata <.--5. 2.26 330 Tinnunculus newton. —---- cas sse-ee 684 new species ---..-- 316 Tinospora COrailolig ===. eee=-- = eee 727 octona, new species --._----- 3l7 menispermum. = ----------2- 727 plastica -.- 23-22 eee 330 Tisserin de Galapagos------- ate oa a 534. new species -...---- 316 Tivela crassatelloides._--2=-2-"2-— See 378 simplicior.-2--5-.-= eee 330 Tornatina bullata --...-----.- PE ce 305 new species_-_---. 3l7 canaliculatarn22- 4. 2-2. ee 3 Turner, H. W., insects collected by _--- HOT || MatbiGReess) os sooo eee eee eee eee 765 Bilrasmie ies peeer ete = aes hoa oe ck Se 682) (Rilitabyshells)fromicses- ss sens ese e eee 366 PRIM xen ord COUISs.. ea e- enone acces 682 Mim ribeliaeseesste = 2 facet tone a aso aces 320 arata --...-..------------------ S30) Viacciniacess = =+ses 5 sean eee eee ee 154 new species- ---.-------- 319 | Vaccinium myrtillus_.......--..-------. 754 doubtful species-------------- 320! | Waeobiniat &t 2. . 2a eee ee 760 PONIOStOMA 2222222 -2-re- a asn= S69 |i Valloniaicos ta tases see == nee ae ea 366 RVG See aan eee eco ooe 304 cyclophorella ---.--.....------- 343, 366 TumhurepiehUrabus:-- sent oe swe ae U 683 gracilicosta .-...- Bee ee eke 366 Mvlastalimodieee eee oleae es a 690 pulchellay =e eee 366 Gitar ies ee ose ee rete ee 690) wivan dak aes ee en ee 716 Mylosurus: caribbeous: | -22--.--2=.--- 788, 802, 823 Viana, CUMVITOSETIS= ao- ose ee eee 692 ivinnisiaiatusess===-6- 22 oss—ssc—-ne- nas — 315 pollent®)2) 24. -2.he0 4 = Dae 692 doulbthwlispecies: 25-222 2---5-~-- Sl3hl Welinusmodipes: + sscsse5l-2 =e es eee 269 HMOMIGAMU Se ose ee ea eee 313 | Venezuela, shells from..--...---..------ 366 LN UIROTUS cacao eee a SIS Venus ywraililis @ = 2.25 ee aes 304 OPeSUS Ss Mee Oks. be oe ee et S1dislsVier benajes=- 2 ---.-o- oe ee ee ees 7 MecumvlrOstracvus-c-sessseeseune Biletell fend ooh keey) a ee ee 7 Mv MOCORUS sasase= so -S5aicecaceanane n= sc SOSH | OVerIN CUlaria esas s55 aoa ae ae eee 320 Ey RAT epee oases asec cls cen D6Sig| Veronica = -.- = Ee a ae 759 Tyrannula magnirostris_--._-.._.------- 569 ihendersonil_--- 2) ee 759 Tyrannus tuberculifer__---_-_---...-... 568 | Vertebrates of Adirondack region. ----_ 107 Merti PO Seed aoe ena see ee ee 365 pbinneyans,s----5 52 367 Uhler, Philip R., on hemiptera of Japan- 255 corpulentas-o-e ee eee 367 HO) xen Ree Soa ae sere aas= 737 Q6cora) --s--22 ee 367 NOTTS eee ee ss eae eeei name ee 765 var. concinnula-.--..._-- 367 AIMELICAN Awe se saan sae saan 765 NM ne 367 CAMPOSUIISE: 8e= s eeans sue e eae 765 ovata te Se eee 367 MUU deere S Sas soe sone ea setea neo 765 tridentata, eeee= se 367 PACOM OSE ea eas eee ees a= 765 VeNtriCOsat-v. ee sets ee ee 367 Whamus ipbosae = 22.22. -25- 2-258 -<- S18 seVanaro australises]-sesec.s. = eee 683 DL OCUESO Ile == sees ee ene 350/)| EVs Cals: #2 = SS = Se ee eee 757 new species--------- OLBm mVansoniasbelliferaya=seeeee eee se eeeae 737, Uiwesh 2S ee eee 456 748, 749, 755, 762, 775, 780 MO We CONUS =o sens 2 sesso cee 450 y|\@VO ACOSO ce sa ee eae 127 SAN CudO-LOSID ase ane eee eee 4377 aviSGUIM albUMne sess seco ee eee eae eee sees 764 new species------ 455)i (SV texeese oa Oe Re ee ee 760 Umbelliferze_--_-- pido a teoe eee Se seaass 751 littoralisrs:*2-4,ces nese ee eee 760 Umbellularia californica._.-..--.---.--- (Odom lVAGISincOnSbans t= se=5 =—eae esas a= aaa 734 imeticilabamees=~ oe scene eee 3 Vinifera - 2255. bot poses eee 735 irene bepee ee eas sees anne ase ceaee Ou | WialbreayarDOLea as as. e-ssss senses 342, 343, 366 Siri Ree ee at n= Sere Seca ates 370, 374 indentatal 22-25 2e-2e5 eos eee) Oto SOO; SOD ASPeCMEMUUS) coe eaea2 2 snes sce ee= 370 minuseulas-csssestpseeessce=see= 366 AUROUS Mm sees aoe) aes csece ce nee 372 TaAGiat lasses ae Soe eee 366 COUCMIANUS pete se se saneenccese== 70, SUbDTUpICOlas 2-2 oes oon e-store eeee 366 laticostabuS=-=sa2-2=--co---se---=-—= S| SVatrinadlimipid aeons os ae eee ens see 343, 365 mMIpChelliwecs=s ase = Ree eer ee ra 371, 3879 preifferi 22-22... Jee See 365 MOOVaANUSe estes e ase 8 neo -e ses SiMWavibrinid se a=. .-e tee we een = saeen eee eee 365 TO De lees eae see ee nase Sa Vio lOS ase Soo oe kee oe ee 28 ISCO Wy Ou ewe tere ee eee Se ee SUS ST2AViOlUbaXIS. 2: -2-4-~scseee- eee oe eee 364 SGAM TNE WS jase eee eee a= ign VIdeSlaiSplONGONS cscs aa. e= ae eee eee 777 UMN Cua GUSes sea ae eee ease Sila) Wulturradiatus:-