‘taht a are Wein mee 4 on ie aK , ae ie) APRA +4 46 aaa y4 Year vases ‘ NTA 4-4 tl Bie te ee 4¢ SAUNT UB Ie) ay inane ae ‘ Dah Aiea igieas ; NRGDE sae Branly aes “ oe ea i, oo oh — neat yu tad ae Pie Ch ta FM ii pat dd G8 Ted f 4 Peale Maa ‘ Wea aad (AC au ( “ #32) ayy Pa ya Ve WA Ow i RET ANIM Re RONN Ain ay iF 44 ‘ pad a ta * tN ay AG amas eat hee ial IER ob CNA TG OCG ree RL at wa ah'g NASH Miata! 4 aaa PEW tata aie Ying a i Saul AON AN Kee Dae mn) Uoot A I 4 ray? wa yates) we : hare ! j Was Oia wae PCA RO MDC Re Ave ial J ¥ ASS ' Bi Ny Gata a NA: i VAT AD bi OE HAL) / : Ye oe 4 he ; aay \ Satara nya aly Aya CA hd ANS NZ DRA SS Y sit : *) : i i ae thi ANG an AGT ON Ne ie oe Ue ouibae OTs LYRA SAGAR 4 ‘ ay) Parca ay Seas , a lardia An ¢ Wig av atata ‘' aay ANA gata 34 Shes AHA Rd mae ‘$415 eon) 1a ae a he bss +t ‘yay © *) Pint 4 £918 44 ae Sven ‘ sted Vane Sad, ASR) Bea 9 8a) 4% 14 RIVAL “ * At ‘ Piatt eS Ri $08 whe eat aA A ArT a * BGe0 y Rene MR os thee 4\4 a ikaw) ase ak ee HU at ae 14) hd eS ee ih Ae Soh ivay 44 LAA OO SOD > | Ma RE CR EIS ‘ oy Vos Vial f, ‘ La) K Ms ; ne eR sae an Wy AHA Kg ih Led he, 4 . OER PUN hu on USMS Sa 4 at ich) * oak: Ay Mer int i) iy bse aes MOA Netaty tan Ane baat Ny fst i da ye i x * peat tre Tihs N A Y 0 * Ws Sens t OK Ks i. i bS , eh ea f , a Nel vi " p u : ah ety A bith 7 2 aes seal OAK Nod nas ai eine at HWA Ay ‘y 1 fs ie SRO ea Aas oe SMA ANY eit He ‘ ' " Shy f oH ; Hees ae ay eteatea ct ee Ree yt ‘ nuns : Rise ties 44s * rnene 344 4 Ag eA eel hi 4 xy Jt oy Las POR ICA BN) 4 ty a ‘pe hia 7 hae lt ee 7 i Ps Fe SIP HSONIAN INSPITUTION. UNIZED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PROCEEDINGS ‘? OF THE we ie | NMaATHLG cre S - UNITED STATES NA ait ie MUS KUM if PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1898. ADVERTISEMENT. The extension of the scope of the National Museum during recent years and the activity of the collectors employed in its interest have caused a great increase in the amount of material in its possession. Many of the objects gathered are of a novel and important character, and serve to throw a new light upon the study of nature and of man. The importance to science of prompt publication of descriptions of this material led to the establishment, in 1878, of the present series of publications, entitled ‘‘ Proceedings of the United States National Museum,” the distinguishing peculiarity of which is that the articles are published in pamphlet form as fast as completed and in advance of the bound volume. The present volume constitutes the twentieth of the series. The articles in this series consist: First, of papers prepared by the scientific corps of the National Museum; secondly, of papers by others, founded upon the collections in the National Museum; and, finally, of facts and memoranda from the correspondence of the Smithsonian Institution. The Bulletin of the National Museum, the publication of which was commenced in 1875, consists of elaborate papers based upon the collec- tions of the Museum, reports of expeditions, etc., while the Proceedings facilitate the prompt publication of freshly acquired facts relating to biology, anthropology, and geology, descriptions of restricted groups of animals and plants, the discussion of particular questions relative to the synonomy of species, and the diaries of minor expeditions. Other papers of more general popular interest are printed in the Appendix to the Annual Report. Papers intended for publication in the Proceedings and Bulletin of the National Museum are referred to the Advisory Committee on Pub- lications, composed as follows: Frederick W. True (chairman), Marcus Benjamin (editor), James E. Benedict, Otis T. Mason, Leonhard _ Stejneger, and Lester F. Ward. S. P. LANGLEY, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. IIL = (ot? 7) a a4 MRI? he flees nh . oe Mack - M4 edad ivf . : ae Pa Pa Th iy me ; iG 9 =.) Me ibee st: o's Hah it nyt he oe Wie 05 ye ee fed a 7 ; : i) Una i es , ¢ ~ bah /. ' > =< ee . a. 4 ra Lt, g) ° . Ag ‘. : ; Mees Eee Vignes ae 3 bie on Fok ken he Can 7 ‘ ee 2 1 Sane Caaeteena ue, SER ode stra Cs ie ae ee , Ei ff) eR po : aby bgt ole ere Ered ridbe ae ie | 7 ao by aii ate ats Bese | _ a =; eae es rt one see ON ~ ar 4, ier ve . é u + Fi ¥ e + ama * ; + Mis; 7 ion oe : ~* eee au bk al et 4 o “i 4 . NN ol. ee ee : : : ce Tack ae ier s U € . bon iv ig aL i ® DApie OF CONTENTS. BEAN, TARLETON H., and BARTON A. BEAN. Description of a New Blenny-like Fish of the Genus Opisthocentrus, col- lected in Vulecano Bay, Port Mororan, Japan, by Nicolai A. xrebnitskii—No. 1127. December 24, 1897. (Advance SUE SUIS Deo Wo ae ate New species: Opisthocentrus tenuis. Bourns, FRANK 8S. Contributions to Philippine Ornithology. Part I.—A List of the Birds Known to Inhabit the Philip- pine and Palawan Islands, showing their Distribution within the Limits of the two Groups.—No. 1134. February 17, EDSIS) oi Sindich srs cD aca Oe eae ee Ui ES Be ns ct ee me (See also under WORCESTER, DEAN C.) Bush, KATHARINE J. Revision of the Deep-water Mollusca of the Atlantic Coast of North America, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. Part I.—Bivalvia.—No. 1139. MRR MSG ere Soe Fe Caer oe Mea ak cog Sei Sw Dee Been ogi (See also under VERRILL, ADDISON HE.) Cook. O. F. A Revision of Tropical African Diplopoda of the family Strongylosomatidie.—No. 1137. March 8, 1898... New genera: Hetodesmus, Xanthodesmus, Phwodesmus. New species: Ectodesmus extorius, Habrodesmus massai, Xanthodesmus abyssinicus. FAxon, WALTER. Observations on the Astacidie in the United States National Museum and in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, with descriptions of new species.— BreeEbov beorniary Li. 1O00 2.06 sce: so eee Sane eee New species: Cambarus carinatus, C. longidigitus, C. difficilis, C. meehi, C. erichsonianus, C. chapalanus, Parastacus saffordi, P. varicosus, P. defossus, P, hassleri, P. agassizii. New subspecies: Cambarus palmeri longimanus, C. montezume dugesii, C.m, occidentalis. GILBERT, CHARLES HENRY, and NORMAN BISHOP Sco- FIELD. Notes on a Collection of Fishes from the Colorado Basin in Arizona.—No .1131. January 19, 1898.........-. New species: Pantosteus arizona, Gillichthys detrusus, Paralichthys estuarius. Page. 463 464 549-566 775-901 695-708 643-694 487-499 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. GILLETTE, CLARENCE P. American Leaf-hoppers of the Sub- family Typhlocybine.—No. 1138. April 20, 1898.......... New species: Alebra curvilinea, A. bifasciata, A. trimaculata, A. robusta, A. dorsalis, A. fumida, Dicraneura maculata, D. cruentata, D. unipuncta, D. communis, D. quadrivittata, Empoasca trifasciata, E. livingstonii, EF. wnicolor, EF. splendida, E. albolinea, EF. denticula, E. pergandei, E. incisa, FE. atrolabes, E. mexicana, E. radiata, E. robusta, BE. pallida, E. snowi, E. alboneura, E. tumida, Eupteryx vanduzei, LE. flavoscuta, Typhlocyba bipunctata, T. tunicarubra, T. hartti, T. rubroscuta, T. illinoiensis, T. dentata, T. crevecwuri. New variety: Variety rufula. LINELL, MARTIN L. New Species of Coleoptera of the Family Chrysomelida, with a short Review of the Tribe Chlamydini.— Noztl30s.sanary-5, 1898 «4. 45). ees see ee eee New species: Megascelis texana, Lema longipennis, L. jacobina, L. lebioides, L. coloradensis, Chlamys arizonensis, Cryptocephalus pubi- collis, Metachroma viticola, Plagiodera purpurea, Phyllobrotica nigri- tarsis, Diabrotica nitida, Haltica nigritula, Crepidodera carinata. Linton, Epwin. Notes on Cestode Parasites of Fishes.—No. pos. UDecemiber LUGO: Hla Me eee rear eee New species: Tenia salvelini, Monobothrium hexacotyle, Dibothrium hastatum, D. Laciniatum, D. occidentale, Orygmatobothrium paulum, O. crenulatum, Rhynchobothrium brevispine, R. agile. LINTON, EDWIN. Notes on Trematode Parasites of Fishes.— No. 1153: . danuary: 20, 1898) >. 0425. eee nen ae yon es New species: Nitzschia papillosa, Octoplectanum affine, Distomum leve, D., monticellii, D. lageniforme, D. foliatum, D. nitens, D. tenue. New subspecies: Distomwm tenue tenwissime. MEARNS, EpGAR A. Preliminary Diagnoses of New Mam- mals of the Genera Lynx, Urocyon, Spilogale, and Mephitis, from the Mexican Boundary Line.—No. 1126, December 24,1897. (Advance sheets, January 12, 1897)............. New species: Spilogale ambigua. New subspecies: Lynx rufus eremicus, L. 1. californicus, Urocyon cin- ereoargenteus texensis, U. c. californicus, Mephitis occidentalis holzneri. MEARNS, EpG@ar A. Preliminary Diagnoses of New Mam- mals of the Genera Mephitis, Dorcalaphus, and Dicotyles, from the Mexican Border of the United States.—No. 1129. December 24,1897. (Advance sheets, February 11, 1897). . New species: Mephitis milleri, Dorcelaphus crooki. New subspecies: Dicotyles angulatus sonoriensis, Dorcelaphus hemionus eremicus. MEARNS, EpGAR A. A Preliminary Diagnoses of New Mam- mals of the Genera Sciurus, Castor, Neotoma, and Sigmodon, from the Mexican Border of the United States.—No. 1132. January 19, 1898. (Advance sheets, March 5, 1897)....... New species: Neotoma cumulator. New subspecies: Sciurus fossor anthonyi, Castor canadensis frondator, Sigmodon hispidus pallidus, S. h. eremicus. Page. 709-773 473-485 423-456 507-548 457-461 467-471 501-505 TABLE OF CONTENTS. VII Page. RICHARDSON, HARRIET. Description of a New Crustacean of the Genus Spheroma from a Warm Spring in New Mexico.— No. 1128. December 24, 1897. (Advance sheets, February OO TDL. Babee ES Ae i 2 ee 465 ‘New species: Sphwroma thermophilum. SCOFIELD, NORMAN BisHop. Notes on a Collection of Fishes from the Colorado Basin in Arizona.—No. 1131. January 19, ASSO: ooh ESSERE oe PS 487-499 (See also under GILBERT, CHARLES HENRY.) SCUDDER, SAMUEL HUBBARD. Revision of the Orthopteran Group Melanopli (Acridiidz), with Special Reference to North American Forms.—No. 1124. December 28,1897.... 1-421 New genera: Gymnoscirtetes, Netrosoma, Phwdrotettix, Conalcawa, Bary- tettix, Phaulotettix, Cephalotettix, Rhabdotettix, Cyclocercus, Sinaloa, Campylacantha, Eotettix, Eoloplus, Photaliotes, Pwcilotettir, Gdale- onotus, Asemoplus, Philocleon. New species: Gymnoscirtetes pusillus, Netrosoma fusiformis, N. nigro- pleura, Phedrotettic augustipennis, Conalewa miguelitana, C. trunca- tipennis, C. neomexicana, Barytettix crassus, 6. peninsule, Phaulotet- tix compressus, Cephalotettix parrulus, Ihabdotettix concinnus, MR. palmeri, Cyclocercus bistrigata, C.accola, C. valga, Sinaloa behrensii, Paraidemona mimica, Campylacantha similis, Eotettic signatus, Hes- perotettic meridionalis, H. festivus, H. pacificus, H. curtipennis, H. pratensis, Holoplus tenuipennis, A. elegans, A. californicus, A. uni- formis, A. arizonensis, A. oculatus, Bradynotes caurus, LB. expleta, B. pinguis, B. referta, B. satur, Podisma variegata, P.nubicola, P. ascensor, P. parnassica, P. dairisama, P. fieberi, Paratylotropidia brunneri, Melanoplus marculentus, M. sonore, M. cuneatus, M. simpler, M. rileyanus, M. flavescens, M. pictus, M. elongatus, M. bruneri, M. excelsus, M. utahensis, M. alaskanus, M, affinis, M. intermedius, M. defectus, M. diminutus, M. consanguineus, M. sierranus, MM. ater, M. virgatus, M. uniformis, M. angelicus, M. impudicus, M. nitidus, M. indigens, M. gillettei, M. artemisia, M. cancri, M. reflexus, M. meridionalis, M. militaris, M.gladstoni, M. palmeri, M. walshii, M. gracilipes, M. geniculatus, M. tenuipennis, M. missionum, M. fus- cipes, M. scitulus, M. inornatus, M. viridipes, M. decorus, M. attenu- atus, M. amplectens, M. saltator, M. juvencus, M. alleni, M. snowii, M. propinquus, M. monticola, M. bispinosus, M. terminalis, M. cya- nipes, M. complanatipes, M. canonicus, M. comptus, M. coccineipes, M.impiger, M. corpulentus, M. conspersus, M. compactus, Ml. varia- bilis, M. lepidus, M. blatchleyi, M. inops, M. paroxyoides, M. alpinus, M. confusus, M. furcatus, M. thomasi, M. olivaceus, M. arboreus, Pecilotettix sanguineus, P. coccinatus. STANTON, TimMoTHy W. Supplement to the Annotated Cata- logue of the Published Writings of Charles Abiathar White, 1886-1897.—No. 1135. February 12, 1898................. 627-642 _VERRILL, ADDISON E., and KATHARINE J. BusH. Revision of the Deep-water Mollusea of the Atlantic Coast of North VAR TABLE OF CONTENTS. America, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. Partil.— Bivalvia.—No; 11397 June 15; 1898 722.2 New family: Glomide. New genera: Kelliopsis, Avinodon, Leptaxinus. New subgenera: Martesiella, Avinulus, Adranella. New species: Martesia (Martesiella) fragilis, Montacuta striatula, M. casta, M. cuneata, M. triquetra, Cryptodon insignis, C. equalis, C. planus, C. obsoletus, C. (axinulus) brevis, C. (a) inequalis, C. (a) simplex, C. (a) pygmaeus, C. (a) ovatus, Axinopsis cordata, Axinodon ellipticus, Leptaxinus minutus, Cuspidaria turgida, C. media, C. parva, C. ventricosa, C. formosa, C. fraterna, Cardiomya abyssicola, C. gemma, Halonympha striatella, Myonera (?) pretiosa, Cetoconcha atypha, Lyonsiella cordata, Lyonsia granulifera, Clidiophora inor- nata, Kennerlia brevis, Periploma affinis, Limatula regularis, L. nodulosa, L. hyalina, Bathyarca abyssorum, Bb. anomala, Limopsis sulcata, L. profundicola, Nueula suborata, Yoldia (adranella) casta, Yoldiella iris, Y. subangulata, Y. fraterna, Y. curta, Y. pachia, Y. inconspicua, Y. miniscula, Y. dissimilis, Malletia abyssorum, M. polita, Tindaria lata, Solemya grandis. New varieties: Abra longicallis, var. americana, Montacuta bidenta, var. tenuis, M. b., var. fragilis, Cryptodon croulinensis, var. altus, Axinopsis orbiculata, var. inequalis, Nucula proxima, var. ovata, Ledella messanensis, var. sublevis, Yoldiella lenticulla, var. amblia, WoRCESTER, DEAN C., and FRANK 8S. BourRNs. Contribu- tions to Philippine Ornithology. Part I1—A List of the Birds known to Inhabit the Philippine and Palawan Islands, showing their Distribution within the Limits of the two Groups:—No. 1134. - February (2189S ee eee eee WORCESTER, DEAN C. Contributions to Philippine Orni- thology. Part II.—Notes on the Distribution of Philippine ~irds.—No,. 1134, . February 175, 1898 sive ee a eee Page. 775-901 549-566 fist - OF TLEUSTRATIONS. TEXT FIGURES. El VELOnvOte AED iG CURUILINC Bare 252 ce mieciteiSeaie selene cetacean eee 421 4. Male abdominal appendages of Aidemona, Hypochlora, Gainpylacantha, Botettiag amd Hes pene te vein, =o tela a ye tee amt oo oh 421 5. Male abdominal appendages of Hesperotettix and dMoloplus...---.------ 421 6. Male abdominal appendages of Moloplus and Bradynotes ....---..----- 421 7. Male abdominal appendages of Bradynotes, Dendrotettix, and Podisma ... 421 8. Male abdominal appendages of Old World species of Podisma --...--.- 421 9. Male abdominal appendages of Podisma and Paratylotropidia ; Para- LLOLFOPIdtaOrUNNeNt: .- Les ake oess a eee eee ote Bee eee 421 10-24, Male abdominal appendages of Melanoplus........---.---------------- 421 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30, 31. 32. 33. od. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XI Facing page. o pag Male abdominal appendages of Melanoplus, Phataliotes, and Paroxya... Male abdominal appendages of Pwcilotettix, (daleonotus, Asemoplus, ROClLCOnmand elm leno peu eseer sae metacie= sree F< 2-5 <4 252 ste - = sk ok~ ae. Parasitic Worms (Tenia) from Great Lake Trout and Rock-Bass, and CVonobothannimn eitOmaSu Chere ees Keka. sa ncsces oS Sscesc coe Se oc cece Parasitic Worms (Monobothrium) from Sucker, (Schistocephalus) from Blob, (Cyathocephalus) from Whitefish, and (Dibothriwm) from Cod ..-- Parasitic Worms (Dibothrium) from Cod and Paddlefish .............-. Parasitic Worms (Dibothrium) from Paddlefish, Cod, Ling, Great Lake TRO CRAG be PERE OUI Ss Soon Seater ae a arasivic, Worm (Dibotiaum) trom: Darpum)<----2:.5-222..0cs<. s2s= 2. Parasitic Worm (Dibothrium) from Rock Cod...-...---2...-....s85. ---- Parasitic Worms (Anthobothrium and Phyllobothrium) from Sting Ray, (Rhinebothrium) from Cow-nosed Ray and Smooth Ray, and (Orygma- tobothrium) from Tiger Shark and Sting Ray ..--..-:-..-.-2.:.....-- Parasitic Worms (Orygmatobothrium and Onchobothrium) from Sting Ray, (Calliobothrium) from Dogfish, and (Rhynchobothrium) from Sting Raveand. COw=nOsed) Wayisess creas sae sss os cco we recn ce a0 ds = ~ att Peee =A new Blenny-like Fish (Opisthocentrustenwis) -..-..---2--.----...---- LD Pale Ae see, Gees 2 ieee 2 I Oe PEP CMOOCRCOULU Sere tise ee tae ee ne Borel tet IMS eve cos cB ais Seo Se MR CRULP OMNI Se LOLI Le US es Nara = pe eee ee SRE ce oe On sale oie PIZOURLLCIUUVY SuESULONLU Sree ee a ee eee Men = ee ais ys cos Ae cist kak ois . Parasitic Worms (Nitzschia) from Sturgeon and Cod, (Tristomum) from Oceanic Bonito, Swordfish, and Sunfish (ola), (Octoplectanum) from LSUONERLO FS SS ES es ee ne en oe eee ee, . Parasitic Worms (Octoplectanum), from Flounder, (Diplostomum) from IBYRSFO CAT GINO, Ges Sees co es cee tS aS RN ne Parasitic Worms (Diplostomum) from Bream, ete.; Distomum from WolphinyBiuvetsh; and siuiped Bassa. oe -- = -2ee-cceee eco Bans =o . Parasitic Worms (Distomum) from Striped Bass and Macrourus --..-.- . Parasitic Worms (Distomum) from Macrourus, Sucker (Remora), and OUI ON BOL Sa See ees ee ee en ee el eee 45. Parasitic Worms (Distomum) from Sturgeon and Sunfish (Mola)... .... 46. Parasitic Worms (Distomum) from Sunfish (Mola), Bream, ete.......--- 47. Parasitic Worms (Distomum) from Sucker (femora), Sea Raven, and TOMS AV ol See eee SS Be IAT ae Rep RR Oe 48. Parasitic Worms (Distomum) from Filetish and Sunfish (Mola)... ---. 49-50. Parasitic Worms (Distomum) from Sunfish (Mola)...........---.-.---- 51. Parasitic Worms (Distomum) from Sunfish (Mola) and Garfish (Tylo- SUPUR Boo 8, c oR eR REA Ee On BEE oIOU Cece Sa C ape COS Cn a 52. Parasitic Worms (Distomum) from Garfish (Tylosurus), Striped Bass, AN Ce Wahi bewlner Chee eet eioteet hae See aeoetne <@ 2-5 obec acens Soo. 53. Parasitic Worms (Distomum) from Smooth Putter, Cod, Swordfish, and SIT iC eee eta ertes Ae eC Ree one ie tea ee Se eS tee 54. Parasitic Worms (Distomum) from Sand Pike; Monostomum from Fisher Hilaishers CHOvOTES eee ace sete ma oe ls aes co Sore Nose es woe dk Hie MapiOiminenbilippine Islands) co. 225 0s.56- 222 2 oS aS on2 Ss. 20252 os 56. Distribution chart, showing what percentage of the genera of Table D known to occur in each island are represented by two or more spe- cies. The islands are arranged according to their areas..-.---..-... . Distribution chart, showing relationship between number of genera, with species distributed in accordance with Steere’s law and those with species distributed in opposition to it, when compared on the basis of the relative size of the several islands...-....--...--.------ 421 421 456 548 548 625 XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing page. 5&8. Distribution chart, showing relationship between number of genera of nonmigratory land birds known from each island, and percentages distributed in accordance with and in opposition to Steere’s law. Four units of horizontal space are given to each genus....-..--.---- 625 59, Distribution chart, showing relationship between species confirming Steere’s law of distribution and those affording exceptions to it, when compared on the basis of the relative size of the different ERG poset ROSS bn Re es SEROOe AEA ee OR Uaa. sos duaposcscous 625 60. Distribution chart, showing relationship between percentage of species distributed in accordance with and those distributed in opposition to Steere’s law, and number of species of nonmigratory Jand birds known from each island. Two units of horizontal space are given to QriGhWS WO eden SBS Ote Ee OSE OnSD st obosiderdns sSodsa doco ct2< 625 61. Distribution chart, showing percentage of genera distributed according to Steere’s law in each family of Philippine !and birds. Four units of horizontal space are given to each genus of a family ..----..-.----- 625 G2=()5 (OAT NEE) Gece gonsuossoaseepae escomes Sead sooo docond soso odaucsSsecsesc: 694 MOT. wDeep=sea DIV ALVES". <= .s55 scans oiccuce atgesiodsee mens ccecensnce eens seee PEON ERRATA. THE INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH UNDER EXPLANATION OF PLATES, ON PAGE §88, SHOULD READ AS FOLLOWS: The figures on Plate LXXIV, fig. 2, Plate LXXVI, figs.1, 2, Plate LX XVII, fig. 9, Plate XC, figs. 1, 2, and Plate Xcv, fig. 8, were drawn by Mr. J. H. Blake. ’ Plate LXXXV, figs. 9, 10, 11, were drawn by Mr. J. H. Emerton. The other figures are all camera-lucida drawings by Mr. A. H. Verrill. REVISION OF THE ORTHOPTERAN GROUP MELANOPLI (ACRIDITIDAE), WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NORTH AMERICAN FORMS. By SAMUEL HUBBARD SCUDDER. INTRODUCTION. THE PRESENT ESSAY describes in detail and discusses the classifi- cation of a group of grasshoppers which forms the prevailing type of orthopteran life throughout North America—the common short-horned grasshoppers one sees every summer day. Its best known representa- tive to the world at large is the destructive migratory locust of the West, the so-called ‘‘ Rocky Mountain Locust.” The outbreak of this insect has been at times extremely disastrous; so much so that a Goy- ernment commission was for several years in existence, which pub- lished nearly twenty years ago two voluminous reports in which it and one or two of its immediate allies were studied with a minuteness and thoroughness, and illustrated with a fullness very rarely given to any such insignificant looking creature. This destructive insect has numerous closely related allies in all parts of the United States, many of which often abound to such an extent as to do serious damage to crops, and a few of them have been known to migrate in similar fashion (though over a far more restricted area), so that they have sometimes been mistaken by the uninstructed for that destructive pest. The group is almost confined to North America, and a great many species have been described by various writers in a more or less desul- tory manner. It is the aim of the present paper to enlarge and sys- tematize our knowledge of this important group as a basis for future studies. No group of North American Orthoptera has been in greater need of revision. —_ PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XX—No, 1124. Proe. N.-M. vol. xx af 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Characteristics and limitations.—Stated as briefly as possible, the Melanopli are Acridians in which the antennae are longer than the fore femora, which have no foveolae on the vertex, the fastigium more or less deflexed, passing insensibly into the frontal costa, the prosternum mucronate, no sharp and distinct lateral carinae (or they are rarely present), an arolium on all the tarsi, the hind tibiae with smooth mar- gins, provided with 9-14 (by rare exception 8) spines regularly disposed in the outer series, which lacks an apical representative, and the second hind tarsal joint only half as long as the first. To state their characters more in detail, the Melanopli may be described as Acridians, generally of small or medium size, never very large, in which the head is not greatly exserted and the face is moderately oblique or subvertical; the antennae are linear, longer than the fore femora; the eyes are of moderate size, not very strongly prominent, never twice as long as the infraocular portion of the genae, the interspace between them very rarely broad, generally narrow; the fastigium is more or less declivent, never greatly produced in the axis of the body, apically entire and with no transverse ruga, passing insensibly and with obtuse arcu- ation into the frontal costa; the latter is hardly rounded as seen from the side, percurrent or subpercurrent, generally sulcate, the sulcation ordinarily confined to the lower portion; without foveolae, the tempora small, obliquely declivent, confused with the front; the superior ocelli more distant than the antennal scrobes; the lateral carinae of the face nearly equidistant from the lateral margins of the frontal costa, but slightly divergent inferiorly. The dorsum of the pronotum is nearly plane and without a crest, generally with no distinct lateral carinae, but at most with rounded shoulders or feeble rugae to represent them, but often passing insensibly into the lateral lobes; the principal sulcus is continuous; the prozona is generally smooth or obsoletely punctate, never tuberculate, its sulci generally feebly impressed, often mesially interrupted or subinterrupted, the posterior sulcus often distinctly divergent laterally from the principal sulcus; the metazona is generally shorter than the prozona and lies in the same or nearly the same plane with it, almost always densely punctate; the lateral lobes are truncate or subtruncate posteriorly, with no humeral sinus or only a feeble one, the posterior lower angle distinctly obtuse. The prosternum is armed with a spine which is usually rather prominent and conical, sometimes truncate, never sinuate, generally vertical on the posterior face, nearly or quite as high as the anterior coxae, the posterior portion of the pro- sternum not or but slightly tumescent; the mesosternal lobes are quad- rate or transverse, separated more or less widely, the apical inner angle rectangulate or obtusangulate, generally rounded (often obtusely), the inner margins generally rounded, often posteriorly divergent; the meta- sternal lobes are contiguous or not very distant excepting sometimes in the female and then rarely as distant or even nearly as distant as eee No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 3 the mesosternal lobes. The tegmina are frequently abbreviate or even wanting; when fully developed, they taper gently almost throughout and are rather remotely reticulate at least in their apical half, the cells of the postradial area wholly or partially biseriate in arrangement on either side of an intercalary vein; the wings are almost always clear and uniform, never definitely pictured, the veins never scalariform, the areolae quadrate or longer than broad. Al the tarsi are furnished with an arolium, the front legs are less distantly separated than the hind pair, the fore tarsi are of moderate length, the first joint short or rather short; the hind femora are distinctly incrassate basally, generally sur- pass the abdomen, the upper face generally smooth, the dorsal carina entire, unarmed, not profoundly excised before the geniculation; the hind tibiae have smooth lateral margins, the spines of the outer and inner series are equal or subequal in length, those of the outer series typically nine! or more in number, rarely exceeding fourteen, placed at subequal distances apart and lacking an apical spine next the calearia; the hind tibiae have the first joint not compressed, equal to or slightly longer than the third, the second much shorter, generally a half shorter, than the first as seen from above. The second dorsal segment of the abdomen is neither granulate nor dentate at the anterior angles, the extremity of the abdomen in the male generally more or less clavate and recurved, the supraanal plate not tuberculate, with a basal median suleus, a furcula usually present, the cerci very variable, rarely longer than the supraanal plate, straight or gently curved, never abruptly recurved basally, generally compressed at least in part, often laminate, but with no indirected median spine. The foundation for our present knowledge of the structural features of the Melanopli was laid by Stal? and enlarged in his Systema Acrideodeorum (1878) and his Observations Orthoptérologiques, IIL (1878). In its present form the group was first defined and named by Brunner von Wattenwyl,’ who applied to it the term PEZOTETTIGES. I have here limited it strictly in the same manner, but it will appear that it contains a very much larger number of generic types than were credited to it by Brunner and a vast multitude of species. I shail moreover show below, when treating the genus Podisma,‘ that the gen- eric term Pezotettix, from which Brunner derived the name of the group, has been misapplied of recent years, and should be referred to the group called Platyphymata in Brunner’s Révision. I have accord- ingly here named the present group MELANOPLI after its predominant genus Melanoplus, the species of which far outnumber all the others com- bined. Giglio-Tos in recent papers has described several new genera and ' By exception, in one sex or on one side of the body, there may be only eight. 2 Recensio Orthopterorum, I (1873). ‘> Révision du Systeme des Orthopteres (1893). 4See also Psyche, VII, pp. 195-196. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. species from South America; but in the present paper full consideration will be given only to the North American species; a table will, however, be added for the determination of the Old World species in their place, and the South American forms will be merely tabulated at the close. Geographical distribution.—The Melanopli are an almost exclusively American group; a single genus, Podisma, is represented in the Old World (and more abundantly than in the New) north of 35° north lati- tude. With that exception almost all the genera and species are confined to North America. South America possesses four genera (not ineluded in the present paper)—Dichroplus, Scotussa, Scopas, and Atrachelacris, with avout twenty known species mostly referred to Dichroplus, besides Paradichroplus, with four species in Paraguay. The remaining genera are exclusively North American, but eleven of them—Netrosoma, Phaedrotettix, Conalcaea, Barytettix, Phaulotettix, Cephalotettix, Rhab- dotettix, Cyclocercus, Sinaloa, Aidemona, and Philocleon, with nineteen species, besides two species of the South American genus Paradichro- plus, are found exclusively in Central America and Mexico, or only pass the borders of the United States narrowly. All of these Central and South American genera (with the single exception of Philocleon) belong to the division of Melanopli in which the lateral margins of the subgenital plate of the male are not at all ampliate atthe base; and they compriseall but three of the genera belong- ing to that section, these three being Gymnoscirtetes with one species in Florida, Hypochlora with one species from the Canadian border to Kansas and Colorado, and Campylacantha with ‘four species, three ranging from Nebraska to Texas and one found in Mexico. The great bulk of the species and most of the genera (including all but one—Philocleon— of those belonging in the section with ampliate basal margins to the subgenital plate) are confined to the United States and Canada, where they form one of the dominant types of Acridiidae. This division, that with ampliate basal margins, is represented (apart from Philocleon with its single species) by fourteen genera and one hun- dred and seventy-nine species, of which only four genera occur south of our border, with thirteen species confined to Mexico, and twelve others found both in Mexico and the United States; leaving ten genera wholly, and four others almost wholly, belonging to the more northern region, with one hundred and sixty-six species. No species of either division are found in the Antilles. With trifling exceptions, then, the division with nonampliate basal margins to the subgenital plate is characteristic of Central and South America—or subtropical and tropical Aierica—while the other divi- sion, vastly more important, is characteristically temperate North American, with one outlier in temperate Europe. Asia. The dominant genus is Melanoplus with one hundred and thirty-one species described in the present paper; a number more are known to — a a No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 5 me, but insufficiently. Podisma follows, with about twenty-four species, of which only eight are found in America, then Aeoloplus with ten, Hesperotettix with eight,and Bradynotes with seven. Theremaining genera have at the most only three or four species each, and fourteen of them are monotypic. The genera with widest latitudinal range (over twenty degrees) are, primarily, Melanoplus, and then Hesperotettix (eight species), Phoe- taliotes (one species), Oedaleonotus (one species), Campylacantha (four species), and probably Podisma (eight species). Aeoloplus (ten species) follows hard after. The genera characteristic of the United States, with narrowest known limits, are Gymnoscirtetes and Hotettir, both known only from Florida. These last two, with Parorya and Apteno- pedes, are the only genera (with eight species between them) confined to the eastern United States, if Texas may be included in that term, for they do not extend west of that. Most of the genera are western, using that term in a broad sense, though Hypochlora, Campylacantha, Dendrotettix, Paratyiotropidia, and Phoetaliotes—all but Campylacantha monotypie genera—are peculiar to the Mississippi Valley, though prin- cipally to its western half. The only genera found across or almost across the continent, or at all events on opposite sides of the continent, are Melanoplus, Hesperotettix, and Podisma. Aeoloplus (ten species), Bradynotes (seven species), Poecilotettix (three species), Oedaleonotus (one species), and Asemoplus (one species) are characteristic of the extreme West. Finally, Hypochlora (one species), Bradynotes (seven species), Podisma (eight species), and Asemoplus (one species) are con- fined or nearly confined to the region north of latitude 35°. Podisma has also the same limitations in the Old World. Regarding the distri- bution of Melanoplus, with its great preponderance of forms, further details will be given under that genus. There are but few species which range across the continent, yet not a few have a very wide distribution. The examples of the former are wholly confined to Melanoplus: M. atlanis, fasciatus, femur-rubrum, extremus, minor, and femoratus, M. extremus only in the high north. As illustrations of the latter may be mentioned Hesperotettix pratensis, Phoetaliotes nebrascensis, Paroxya floridana, Oedaleonotus enigma, and the following species of Melanoplus: flabellifer, spretus, scudderi, daw- soni, cinereus, packardii, luridus, differentialis, bivittatus, and punctula- tus. Most of these range more widely from north to south than from east to west. About three fourths of all the species are known from west of the Mississippi River only. Dimorphism in length of tegmina.—We find in the Melanopli every variation possible in the length of the tegmina, but the species are in general tolerably well fixed in this respect. The same is the case with most of the genera, the species of which are in each case generally apterous, provided with lateral pads, abbreviated tegmina, or fully 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. developed tegmina, as the case may be; but all the larger genera (except- ing Bradynotes) and some of the smaller show considerable diversity in this respect; the greatest difference between different members of the same genus obtains in the two largest genera: Melanoplus, where the species nay range from those with merely lateral pads to those with tegmina far surpassing the hind femora; and Podisma, where they range from apterous species to those with tegmina half as long as the abdomen, But this range is not confined to the larger genera, for sev- eral monotypic genera (Dendrotettix, Phoetaliotes, and Oedaleonotus) dis- play a wide difference between different forms of the single species they possess, in the length of the tegmina, a difference which is also paral- leled or almost paralleled among certain species of the genera Hespero- tettix, Podisma, Melanoplus, and Paroxya, and particularly of the genus Melanoplus. ; This last genus is of particular interest in this connection, for it is subequally divided between distinctly short-winged and distinetly long- winged forms, which only rarely appear to be closely allied; yet in four of the species, I. dawsont, M. marginatus, M. fasciatus, and M. extremus— species in no way closely related—there is a marked dimorphism in respect of the length of the tegmina, the first two being normally pos- sessed of tegmina only slightly longer than the pronotum, the last two of tegmina hardly as long, if as long, as the abdomen, but all occasion- ally equipped with tegmina distinctly surpassing the hind femora. When, however, we compare these fully developed tegmina (Plate I, figs. a, ¢, f, 1) either with the abbreviated tegmina of the same species, as in M. extremus (Plate I, fig. g), or with those of their nearest macropterous allies, M. gladstoni (Plate I, fig. b), MW. paroxyoides (Plate I, fig. k), and M. borealis (Plate I, fig. d), as in the other species, we can not fail to be struck by the common differences which separate these abnormal macrop- terous tegmina from the normal tegmina of the genus. (See further the tegmina of the type of the genus, M. femur-rubrum, Plate I, fig. h.). Instead of the regularly tapering form normal to the genus, the added portion, which is largely the extension of the region beyond the post- radial interealary area, is nearly equal, giving the tegmina a consider- ably greater apical breadth and a consequent openness of neuration, besides a less tapering form. What is further to be noticed is that this apical breadth and openness of neuration is also the characteristic of several cases in other genera where there is similar dimorphism in length of tegmina, as in Dendrotettix quercus, Podisma alpina, and Phoetaliotes nebrascensis (Plate I, fig. e). In Podisma the most abbreviated form of wing is plainly normal, and I am therefore inclined from these examples to regard the abbreviated as the normal form in Dendrotettix, Phoeta- lietes, and the species of Melanoplus (except, of course, M. femur-rubrum) here illustrated. The same, however, is not the case in Oedaleonotus, where dimorphism of similar degree is found, and it is therefore prob- No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 7 able that the fully equipped form is here the normal, although, so far as we now know, it is much less commonly found than the brachypterous forms. Other instances where there is considerable but not so marked nor perhaps so uniform a difference in wing-length is in Paroxya flori- dana and perhaps Hesperotettix viridis, in both which genera the length of the tegmina is variable. In these two species the tegmina are not apically broad in the macropterous forms, and differ only in length from the brachypterous forms. Materials, etc.—The specimens forming the basis of the present study are in my own cabinet, which contains, often in large series, the greater portion of the species, collected in large part by myself in different sections of the country, but supplemented by specimens secured from the Texan collections of Boll and Belfrage, a large series from Iowa and Illinois obtained by Doctor J. A. Allen, and others from the South- western States and Mexico by Edward Palmer; besides the entire col- lection of Mr. P. R. Uhler, who many years ago generously turned over to me his own private collection, containing among other things many specimens obtained from the early explorers of the West. Through the favor of the Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the United States National Museum, Doctor G. Brown Goode, and the Honorary Curator of Insects in the same insti- tution, Doctor C. V. Riley, I have had the Museum’s entire collection of Melanopli in my hands during this study. The coilections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, have also been open to me. My neighbors and colleagues, Mr. Samuel Hen- shaw and Mr. A. P. Morse, have also placed all their Melanopli in my hands; and from Professor Lawrence Bruner, of Lincoln, Nebraska, I have received a complete series of all the forms known to him, which has been on the whole the most important aid I have received. Professor Jerome MeNeill, who had begun a study of the Melanopli, mainly of the National Museum, not only generously transferred the work to my hands, but gave me free use of his notes and sent me several species otherwise unknown to me. The University of Kansas sent me a series of interest- ing western forms in its museum, Mr. W.S. Blatchley a series of the Indiana species known to him, Professor C, P. Gillette interesting forms from Colorado, and Professor H. E. Weed a few from Mississippi. All of these gentlemen have freely answered many inquiries made of them, and any failing in the present paper must be laid at my door. In this way I have seen the types of nearly all the species described from North America, and while in England Mr. Samuel Henshaw kindly examined for me several of Walker’s types at the British Museum. I have been further aided for the European species by Hofrath Brunner von Wattenwyl, Doctor Chr. Aurivillius, and Mons. A. de Bormans. In all, I have examined for the purposes of this paper nearly eight thousand specimens, of which about seven thousand belong to the 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. single genus Melanoplus. The sexes are nearly equally divided, the males forming about forty-six per cent of the whole. Thirty genera (eighteen new) and two hundred and seven species (one hundred and fifteen new) are described in the present paper. Finally, by the aid of a grant from the ELIZABETH 'THOMPSON SCT- ENCE FuND I have been able to procure illustrations of the abdominal appendages of every avaiable species. A few words should be added regarding certain details of presenta- tion: Instead of giving the range of variation in the measurements of each species, I have selected as far as possible typical average speci- mens, male and female, for the purpose, taking the measurements of all parts from the same individuals. The number of individuals of each species seen is given, and the localities from which they came immedi- ately added, with the name of the collector (when not myself), and when not from my own collection, the source from which I have received them stated (in parentheses); occasionally my own name is there added, when specimens from the same source are also found in my col- lection; where no parenthesis follows the locality, the specimens referred to are in my collection. In describing the abdominal appendages of the males, I have found it convenient to introduce a few new terms. These are: Furcula for the pair of backward-directed apophyses of the last dorsal segment, which overlie, generally in a more or less forked position, the base of the supraanal plate; infracercal plates for the variously developed but generally inconspicuous paired plates, which underlie in part the cerci, in part the lateral portions of the supraanal plate; and palliwm for the sometimes erectile, membranous pellicle partially closing the open cavity formed of the walls of the subgenital plate, and variously devel- oped in the different genera. December 20, 1895. Notre.—The exclamation point employed in the synonymy of the species hasits usual sigpificance—that the reference is authoritative from an examination of the original types of the author in the passage referred to, with the present paper in view. we) NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE GENERA OF NORTH AMERICAN MELANOPLI (INCLUDING THE OLD WORLD FORMS)! A'. Lateral margins of subgenital plate (last ventral segment) of male, as seen later- ally, straight throughout, or very slightly convex, never at all abruptly ampliate at the base. b'. Body exceptionally slender; mesosternal lobes subattingent in both sexes; pro- zona three times as long as metazona....-.-....-.--...---- 1. Gymnoscirtetes (p. 14). b2. Body not exceptionally slender; mesosternal lobes in both sexes so widely sep- arated that the interspace between them is at most twice as long as broad; prozona not more than twice as long as metazona. cl. Interspace between mesosternal lobes of female decidedly transverse, some- times twice as broad as long; of male sometimes transverse, sometimes quadrate or subquadrate; tegmina lobiform, linear, or wanting. d'. Interspace between mesothoracic lobes of male decidedly transverse, as broad as or broader than the lobes; the pronotum without lateral carinae; tegmina ovate or wanting.........-.-----..-----...--.. 2. Netrosoma (p. 16). ad. Interspace between mesothoracic lobes of male quadrate or subquadrate, ‘or, if feebly transverse (as in Paradichroplus), not so broad as the lobes, and then the pronotum furnished with lateral carinae; tegmina ovate or linear. el, Subgenital plate of male pyramidal, pointed, a slight tubercle extending beyond its posterior margin, but the margin extending well beyond the apex Onggneisupraanaliplatecs.-c2 s-se-s- ofo4 55-6 ee 3. Paradichroplus (p. 18). e?. Subgenital plate of male more or less conically protuberant apically, but its interior apical margin not surpassing or barely surpassing the apex of the supraanal plate. f!. Apical tubercle of subgenital plate small, extending but a short dis- tance beyond the supraanal plate; cerci of male abruptly narrowed before the middle by excision of the inferior margin, the apical half narrow; lat- eral carinae of pronotum wholly wanting... ...---- 4. Phaedrotettix (p. 22). f?. Nearly the whole subgenital plate forming a blunt conical tubercle projecting some distance beyond the supraanal plate; cerci of male form- ing broad, apically decurved, subfalcate laminae; lateral carinae of pro- HoOtuMm mMorevor less GistiaCte se.) sesso] ese 5. Conalcaea (p. 23.) ¢. Interspace between mesosternal lobes of female generally longer than broad, sometimes quadrate. rarely feebly transverse?; of male never at all transverse (except feebly in Sinaloa and Cephalotettix); tegmina variable. @, Tegmina never fully developed, rarely as long as the pronotum, lateral and ovate, or linear, or wholly wanting; hind margin of pronotum distinctly truncate; fore and middle femora of male (except in Phaulotettix) distinctly more gibbous than in the female. e'. Fureula of male wanting or forming a pair of brief lobes at most no longer than broad. 1 By permission of the Assistant Secretary this key has been issued in advance in the Proceedings of the American Academy, XXXII, No. 9. 2 Cephalotettix, in which the female is unknown, is placed in this divisicen. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. f'. Last dorsal segment of male furnished mesially with a pair of slightly protuberant rounded lobes; cerci of male compressed laminate, beyond the slightly narrowing basal portion equal or subequal, the tip curved downward or inferiorly angulate at apex. g'. Prosternal spine erect; interspace between mesothoracic lobes of male nearly twice as long as broad; fore and middle femora of male notice- ably gibbous; subgenital plate of male terminating in a large conical tub 6rclensese es Poatei chan et Ie aot eee eeeer 6. Barytettix (p. 27). g2. Prosternal spine retrorse; interspace between mesothoracic lobes of male only a little longer than broad; fore and middle femora of male only slightly gibbous; subgenital plate of male with no apical tubercle. 7. Phaulotettix (p. 29). f?. Last dorsal segment of male entirely without projecting lobes or fur- cula in any form, unless as exceptionally broad and short sessile plates; cerci of male (except in Cephalotettix) apically acuminate or curved upward. g'. Head large and eyes, at least in male, large and very prominent, the breadth of the head distinctly exceeding the greatest width of the pro- notum; interspace between mesothoracic lobes of male slightly trans- VOPSOrk Sasieed 2 eo eee eo fe eee gee eee eeeaaeee 8. Cephalotettix (p. 30). g?. Head normal and eyes not very prominent even in the male, so that the breadth of the head does not exceed the greatest width of the pro- notum; interspace between mesothoracic lobes of male distinctly longer than broad. ht, Tegmina lobiform; subgenital plate of male protruding beyond the tip of the supraanal plate by less than half the length of the latter; cerci of male compressed, subequal, the tip broad. ; 9. Rhabdotettix (p. 32). h?. Tegmina linear; subgenital plate of male protruding beyond the tip of the supraanal piate by much more than half the length of the latter; cerci of male tapering from the base, the tip acuminate. % 10. Cyclocercus (p. 36). e?. Furcula of male consisting of a pair of parallel, attingent, cylindrical prominences, generally at least twice as long as broad. f'. Tegmina lobiform; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male shghtly transverse; cerci of male forming compressed, subequal laminae. 11. Sinaloa (p. 40). f?. Tegmina wanting; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male longer than broad; cerci of male styliform, conical .... 12. Paraidemona (p. 41). dad, Tegmina fully developed or abbreviate, never much if any shorter than the pronotum; hind margin of pronotum distinctly angulate; fore and middle femora scarcely more gibbous in the male than in the female (except in some species of Campytacantha). e!, Tegmina fully developed; disk of pronotum nearly flat, the lateral lobes nearly at right angles to it, the posterior margin rectangulate or subrectan- gulate; prosternal spine quadrate, appressed, broadly truncate. 13. Aidemona (p. 44). e, Tegmina abbreviate; disk of pronotum tectiform, the posterior margin obtusangulate; prosternal spine more or less conical and acuminate. f'. Head not prominent, the summit very slightly arched longitudinally; prosternal spine erect; fureula of male composed of projecting cylindrical fingers; surface of the body very feebly pilose.... 14. Hypochlora (p. 46). f?. Head prominent, the summit strongly arched longitudinally ; proster- nal spine more or less retrorse; furcula of male reduced to slight, scarcely projecting lobes; surface of body rather densely pilose. 15. Campylacantha (p. 48). Taare REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. il! A®, Lateral margins of subgenital plate of male suddenly ampliate to a considerable degree at the base; or if not to a considerable degree, then the entire margin rather strongly convex or sinuate. b'. Subgenital plate of male furnished with a distinct subapical tubercle (i. e., one in which the apical margin does not pass through and form a part of the summit of the tubercle, but where it is distinctly separated from that summit), but not otherwise tumescent.’ cl. Median carina of pronotum well developed and equally developed through- out, accompanied on the front of the prozona by distinct lateral carinae; pro sternal spine sharply acuminate; tubercle of subgenital plate directed wholly backward, occupying the middle of the terminal portion of the plate; furcula RUSTE CUynCLE GLO CO) nearer = aera ese peep ae hareiaia arse eS ere ac 16. Kotettix (p.53). ce, Median carina of pronotum feebly developed and generally much more feebly on the prozona than on the metazona, accompanied by no lateral carinae what- ever; prosternal spine bluntly acuminate; tubercle of subgenital plate directed upward or upward and backward, occupying the upper extremity of the ter- minal portion of the plate. ad‘. Body relatively slender and compressed, not much enlarged at the meta- thorax, particularly in the male; disk of the pronotum tectiform,? the prozona not distinguished from the metazona either by its plane or by any lack of a median carina, which latter is generally marked in color; pronotum fully half as long again as broad; hind femora long and slender; apical tubercle of male abdomen prominent; furcula present as distinctly projecting lobes; terminal segments of female abdomen not abbreviated, the ov aie fully exserted. . Hesperotettix (p.55). d?, Body relatively short and stout, considerably oe at the metathorax even in the male; disk of pronotum gently convex transversely, the prozona slightly and independently tumid with no median carina, thus distinguishing it from the metazona;?* hind femora relatively short and stout; apical tubercle of male abdomen not very prominent; furcula scarcely or not apparent; termi- nal segments of female abdomen abbreviated, the ovipositor only partially GSCI sek eSB aan tile SONGS aS Rees eae fee eels. Aeoloplus (p: 68). b?. Subgenital plate of male with no distinct pepapial tubercle, but often apically prolonged or tumescent.* c!, Meso- and metastethia together, in both sexes, no longer or scarcely longer than broad; metastethium narrowing but little posteriorly, so that the portion behind the metasternal lobes is but little narrower than the rest, rarely (in the male) less than three-fourths its width; cerci of male very simple, subconical, straight; ovipositor half concealed. ..........-...-.-.-.- 19. Bradynotes (p. 80). c?, Meso- and metastethia together at lees in the male and nearly always in both sexes, distinctly longer than the width of the metastethium; the latter rapidly narrowing posteriorly, so that the portion behind the metasternal lobes is not, or is hardly more than, one-half the greatest width of the metastethium; cerci of male variable; ovipositor generally fully exserted. d', Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male distinctly transverse,® as 'See note under alternate category. *This feature is not so apparent in the first three species of Hesperotettix as in the others. 3 This feature is less marked in de. tenuipennis and Ae. elegans than in the others. ‘There is a minute subapical tubercle in some species of the flabellifer series of Melanoplus, but in these the male cerci are exceptionally broad and flabellate, while in the species of the alternate category (4? b') the cerci are very slender and tapering. *In many cases the interspace is truncato-cuneiform or broadly clepsydral, in which cases the breadth is to be measured in the middle. In a single species of Podisma, P. dairisama, the interspace is slightly longitudinal. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, or strongly transverse, fully as broad as or (and generally) broader than the lobes; metasternal lobes of male generally distinctly distant, occasionally approximate; of the female generally more distant, the interspace in the latter generally as wide as or wider than the frontal costa; tegmina typically abbreviate. e'. Face almost vertical; eyes small, but prominent and widely distant; pro- notum constricted in the middle, with deeply impressed transverse sulci, and the lateral lobes not obliquely truncate apically in front; distinct lateral COTINRE) ss Se seca - 5 JE 5 Gin s, Ses wie Seles See See he On MOON TOLeI A pamelee e2. Face a little oblique; eyes rather large, not very prominent, and not greatly distant; pronotum not, or but feebly, constricted in the middle, with generally feebly impressed transverse sulci and the lateral lobes obliquely truncate apically on the anterior section..... 21. Podisma (p.94). [f'. Pronotum of subequal width, the sides nearly parallel; subgenital plate ob malemormali: =. 55422 <\.S22 = pearl RH ABDOTETTIX CONCINNUS, new species. mA! [) $22.4 34 tO22. | (Plate III, fig. 2.) ly but not briefly pilose, brownish testaceous above, EPolov, marked with blackish castaneous and dull yore or less tinged with ferruginous. Head luteo-testa- 0 fasely and delicately mottled with fuscous on face and genae, the vertex black or blackish castaneous, bounded by a narrow luteous stripe behind the upper part of the eyes, separating from it a broad black or blackish band behind the middle of the eyes, which again is followed by a broad luteous patch behind the lower part of the eyes; face, including frontal costa and the front of the genae, sparsely punc- tate; antennae luteo-testaceous more or less infuscated. Pronotum with a.very broad, median, blackish castaneous band crossing the pro- zona, separated trom an equally broad, similar, percurrent, posteriorly widening band on the upper half of the lateral lobes (but here less pure) by a rather narrow dull luteous stripe, the continuation of that behind the upper part of the eyes; metazona mostly ferrugineo-testaceous; rest of the body blackish castaneous above, with a broad, irregularly margined, broadening, dull luteous or luteo-ferruginous, median stripe; lower portion of lateral lobes of the pronotum Iuteous or luteo-testa- ceous. Tegmina black in the interstices of the pale testaceous veins. Fore and middie femora greenish with a very strong ferruginous tinge above; hind femora ferruginous above, yellowish luteous beneath, the outer face olivaceous more or less infuscated above, the genicular are piceous; hind tibiae olivaceous green, the apical half of the spines black, ten spines in the outer series. Supraanal plate of male triangu- lar with slightly convex sides, the lateral margins slightly raised, the inner half tectate with a rather deep and slender median sulcus on the summit, extending from the base to the middle of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of scarcely projecting exceedingly broad plates, each of which is much more than half as wide as its half of the supra- anal plate beneath it, separated from each other by a considerable interval; cerci thinly laminate, the outer side slightly convex trans- versely, pretty broad, the basal half subequal, the apical half bent strongly upward in a curve, the apex rounded, the whole gently incurved, subfaleate; lateral margins of the subgenital plate slightly and broadly convex as seen from the side, falling toward the apex, which is not at all angulate; pallium capable of erection as a high pyramid. Proc. N. M. vol. xx——3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Length of body, male, 15 mm., female, 18 mm.; antennae, male, 9mm., female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 2.75 mm., female, 3.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 10.75 mm. One male, 2 females. Waco, McLennan County, Texas, October 4, 6 (Museum Comparative Zoology); Texas, Belfrage, October 13. The broader cerci, incurved throughout and not abruptly bent inward apically, separate this species clearly from R. palmeri. In one view their base may be said to be narrower than the apical portion and so the description of Stal’s species would be applicable to this, but the interval between the mesosternal lobes of the male is here nearly twice as long as broad, while in A. piiosus it is more nearly quadrate. 2. RHABDOTETTIX PALMERI, new species. (Plate III, fig. 3.) Body thinly but not briefly pilose, luteo-testaceous beneath, black or blackish ferruginous (male) or ferrugineo-testaceous (female) above, marked with dull luteous; the darker parts are found in a dorsal stripe from the front of the vertex to the front of the metazona, on the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, and on the sides of the abdomen. Head luteo-testaceous, more or less deeply infuscated; frontal costa feebly punctate above; antennae luteous or testaceous, apically infuscated. Pronotum with the dark portions mentioned separated by a narrow light stripe, which begins behind the upper part of the eyes and on the head is bright luteous, but in passing over the pronotum, especially in the female, becomes much duller and is sometimes scarcely distinguishable; in most vivid examples it crosses the pronotum, but even in the male it usually becomes obsolescent on the metazona, which is mostly ferrugineo-testaceous in both sexes, rarely black mesially in the male; the lateral stripe on the pronotum generally margined more or less distinctly with black; lower portions of lateral lobes luteous or luteo-testaceous, narrowly edged beneath with testaceous; abdomen with a widening dorsal stripe of ferrugineo- testaceous. Fore and middle femora ferruginous, slightly infusecated apically; hind femora green, ferruginous above, the upper genicular lobe and sometimes the whole geniculation black; hind tibiae green, the spines black-tipped, usually nine but varying from nine to eleven in the outer series. Supraanal plate of male triangular with slightly convex sides, which are slightly elevated and separated by a broad valley from the median tectate portion; the latter is considerably ele- vated and carries a deep slender median suleus more than half the length of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of broad plates, whose advance beyond the posterior line of the last dorsal segment is scarcely perceptible, each about a quarter the basal width of the supraanal plate; cerci moderately broad, compressed, straight and slightly dimin- ishing in size for about two-thirds their length, then suddenly and con siderably curved inward and bent upward, narrowing more rapidly and a ee No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 35 ending roundly; lateral margins of the subgenital plate almost straight, the apex well rounded; pallium capable of a considerable pyramidal erection. Length of body, male, 13 mm., female, 18 mm.; antennae, male and female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male, 2.75 mm., female, 3.2 mm.; hind femora, male, 8 mm., female, 10.5 mm. Hight males, 12 females. Montelovez, Cohahuila, Mexico, September 22, EK. Palmer. [U.S.N.M. No. 704, male and female. | The antennae of the male are scarcely so long in this species as in the others; it differs decidedly from &. concinnus in the bent and narrow cerci as well as in the more nearly quadrate interspace between the mesosternal lobes of the male; from Fk. pilosus, to which it seems more nearly allied and for which I at first mistook it, it differs in the cerci of the male, which do not narrow before the middle, in being a smaller insect, besides having a duller coloring with more contrasted markings, to judge from Stal’s description. 3. RHABDOTETTIX PILOSUS. Pezotettix pilosus STAL, Bih. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No.9 (1878), pp. 10-11. Paraidemona pilosa BRUNNER, Réy. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145. I have not seen this species, and accordingly give Stal’s description, englished. The description is mainly a comparative one, the basis of comparison being Aidemona azteca, next which Stal placed it, in the same section of Pezotettix. Olivaceous; legs yellowish olivaceous; hind tibiae greenish olivaceous, the base and geniculation proper of the hind femora black; tegmina rudimentary. Length of male 16 mm. Male.—Interspace between mesosternal lobes a little longer than broad, with parallel sides, much narrower than the lobes themselves; metasternal lobes subcontiguous; eyes large, rather convex; apical margin [of the pronotum] gradually and obtusely sinuate, slightly emarginate in the middle, destitute of a lobe; supraanal plate fur- nished with a gradually narrowing sulcus, extending beyond the middle of the plate; cerci gently curved, compressed and rather broad throughout, before the middle slightly narrowed; subgenital plate short, very strongly recurved; abdomen posteriorly tumescent and somewhat recurved. Distinguished from Aidemona azteca by the front and prozona less densely punctate, frontal costa obtusely subsulcate, narrower between the antennae, the sides parallel but slightly narrowed at the base, the interspace between the eyes narrower, the disk of the pronotum smooth, abbreviate and truncate anteriorly, the metazona about half as long as the prozona, tegmina rudimentary, widely separated, ellip- tical, extending slightly beyond the median segment, shorter than the pronotum, the abdomen blunter at tip, posteriorly more tumid and recurved, the cerci broader, the last dorsal segment of the abdomen 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xx. with no obtuse apically emarginate lobe [fureula], the hind femora slenderer and longer, prosternal spine conical, and the antennae longer, more than half as long as the body; hind tibiae in the specimen described furnished exteriorly with eight black spines, greenish oliva- ceous at the base. A female specimen, in which the dorsum of the body and of the hind femora are ferruginous, with smaller eyes, the interspace between the mesosternal lobes subtransverse and scarcely narrower than the lobes themselves, and metasternal lobes moderately distant, is very probably to be referred to the species described above. In this specimen the antennae are mutilated and the hind tibiae armed exteriorly with nine spines. Mexico (Brunner’s collection). To this I may add that the present species is certainly very close to the others described above under this genus, but seems to be slightly larger than either, and to differ by the cerci of the male to a greater degree than either of these do from each other. It is evidently also of a lighter color, and no mention is made by Stal of a very distinct dark lateral band, which is characteristic of the other two. 10; CC YCLOCE RC US Mery genus: (xvuA os, circle; xépxos, tail.) Body shaped much as in Paraidemona, male and female, rather sparsely and not very briefly pilose. Head not prominent, the vertex moderately arched, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, but the fastigium rapidly descending, more or less suleate especially in the male, much broadened anteriorly; face moderately retreating, the frontal costa generally more or less suleate and broadening slightly from above downward, generally percurrent; interval between the eyes narrow (male) or rather narrow (female), generally narrower than the upper part of the frontal costa; eyes moderately prominent, especially in the male, generally much (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the posterior infraocular portion of the genae; antennae much (male) or searcely if at all (female) longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum scareely (male) or considerably (female) enlarging from in front backward, both front and hind margins truncate, the latter some- times slightly emarginate, the surface transversely convex with feeble or no median carina and no lateral carinae, the disk passing almost insensibly into the vertical lateral lobes; prozona about twice as long as the metazona and less closely and less regularly punctate, the trans- verse sulci as in Sinaloa. Prosternal spine erect, blunt, conical; inter- val between mesosternal lobes at least as long as broad in the male, a little transverse in the female, tle metasternal lobes attingent or sub- attingent in the male, approximate in the female. Tegmina shorter than the pronotum, lateral, linear. Fore and middle femora distinctly more gibbous in the male than in the female; hind femora rather short il No. 1124, REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER, 37 and stout, the outer margin of the hind tibiae with nine or ten spines, Extremity of abdomen bluntly rounded (whence the generic name), the lateral margins of the subgenital plate straight from the very base, in no way angulate on meeting apically, but protruding beyond the apex of the supraanal plate by more than half the length of the latter; cerei conical, acuminate, sometimes with an inferior median tooth; furcula wholly wanting. Three species occur in northern Mexico and southern Texas, C. bistrigata may be taken as the type. C. valga is somewhat aber- rant, and should perhaps be separated generically. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CYCLOCERCUS. A.1 Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male nearly twice as long as broad; anal cerci of male slender, simple. b.! Hind femora relatively stout; upper surface of body with a distinct bright stripe running from the upper margin of the eye backward over the region of the Biteral carinae on each side...-....-....22-.2.--c-.---de0 see 1. bistrigata (p. 37). b.2 Hind femora relatively slender; upper surface of body with at most an obscure BamiQeliiM Lie FeoTOn SPCCMICU =. — 6") oa tases ae =e oor - 6 o--. 2. Accola (p.38): A.? Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male subquadrate; cerci of male stout, Bruen interior MeGian tOObh.2 2.1. -.2..- 3.2.5 re oe ee oe eee 3. valga (p.39). 1. CYCLOCERCUS BISTRIGATA, new species. (Plate III, fig. 4.) Dark almost blackish chocolate brown, striped with bright yellow testaceous. Head testaceous, often clouded, occasionally mottled, with fuscous, the summit to below the middle of the eyes posteriorly blackish brown, with a narrow but widening testaceous stripe behind the upper half of the eyes; lateral margins of the fastigium, particularly between the eyes, elevated to a rounded ridge, more prominent and rounded in the male than 1n the female, reversely arcuate; frontal costa moderately broad, subequal, suleate (more deeply in the male than in the female), above feebly punctate at the sides, occasionally obsolescent at base in the female; lateral carinae of face distinct, slightly divergent; antennae testaceous. Both prozona and metazona ruguloso-punctate in the male, the prozona coarsely, bluntly and rather sparsely punctate in the female; pronotum with the postocular testaceous stripe of the head continued, in the male as a slender, sharply defined stripe across both prozona and metazona, in the female asa slightly broader stripe across or nearly across the prozona only, fading posteriorly and less sharply defined above; episterna testaceous; meso- and metathorax and abdo- men of male blackish above, with a broad mediodorsal testaceous stripe, and testaceous below; of female more or less blackish along the middle of the sides, sometimes margined above with a broad, posteriorly evanescent, often broken, testaceous stripe, generally almost or quite obsolete, the dorsum proper brown. Interval between the mesosternal lobes of male nearly twice as long as broad. Tegmina slender, linear, very slightly and regularly enlarging to the well rounded tip, about as 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. long as the prozona. Hind femora rather stout, olivaceo-ruddy brown, sometimes fulvo-testaceous, the incisures of the outer face fuscous, the apex more or less infuscated; hind tibiae glaucous, the apical half of the spines black. Supraanal plate of male broadly triangular, with slightly convex sides and roundly angulate apex, with a shallow basal median sulcus, bordered by slightly elevated broad walls; furcula wholly absent, the last dorsal segment emarginate in the middle; cerci tapering rather rapidly in the basal two-fifths, beyond very slightly tapering, very slender, subacuminate, straight, reaching the top of the supraanal plate. Length of body, male 16 mm., female 19.5 mm.; antennae, male, female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male 3 min., female 3.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 11 mm., female 11.5 mm. One male, 4 females. Venis Mecas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, June 6, E. Palmer; Mt. Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer; Sierra Nola, Tamaulipas, Mexico, December 3-6, E. Palmer. It is possible that the male, which comes from Venis Mecas, may be distinct from the females, which come from all the localities; in that case the name should be retained for the male as the most characteristie¢ form. 2. CYCLOCERCUS ACCOLA, new species. (Plate III, fig. 5.) With the same general color and markings as C. bistrigata, but with- out the distinct carinal stripe of that species. Head testaceous, black- ish above, with a little of the postocular stripe in the female; fastigium distinctly suleate, broadening in front; interspace between the eyes slightly narrower than in C. bistrigata, the frontal and lateral costae as there; antennae fusco-testaceous. Prozona with coarse dull punctu- — ation in the female, transversely ruguloso-punctate in the male, the t metazona in both alosals punctate; posterior margin of prozona faintly — emarginate, the suleus dividing the lobes being slightly angulate; 4 dorsum of pronotum darker or lighter testaceous, the lower portion of — the lateral lobes flavo-testaceous, the upper portion blackish brown, forming part of a broad, dark, arcuate belt, more sharply defined below than above, which passes down over the mesothoracic epimera; abdo- men testaceous, with a broad piceous lateral band on its proximal half. Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male nearly twice as long as_ broad. Tegmina fusco-testaceous. Hind femora rather slender, fusco- testaceous, yellowish on inner face, much infuscated and sometimes strongly tinged with bluish green on outer face, the geniculation wholly testaceous; hind tibiaé testaceous at extreme base, the remainder bluish green, the spines pallid on basal, black on apical, half. Supra- anal plate small, triangular, with roundly pointed apex, and a short deep basal “Hea bounded by high rounded walls; furcula wanting; cerci small, slender, shorter than the supraanal plate, tapering gently in basal half, Revantl equal or subequal, very slender, blunt tipped, straight. aan REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 39 Length of body, male, 12.5 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male, 6.5 mm., female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 2 mm., female, 3.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 8 mm., female, 11.5 mm. Two males, one female. Corpus Christi Bay, Nueces County, Texas, December 11-20, E. Palmer; Lerdo, Durango, Mexico, December (L. Bruner). 3. CYCLOCERCUS VALGA, new species. (Plate III, fig. 6.) Brownish testaceous with blackish and dull luteous markings. Head dull luteo-testaccous, the whole summit of the head to below the middle of the eyes posteriorly blackish, with a narrow and somewhat obscure luteous stripe on either side, following the sides of the entire fastigium around the eyes to the middle and then passing backward, continuing across the prozona on the upper margin of the lateral lobes; fastigium feebly sulcate between the eyes, which are separated by a narrow space, much narrower than the rather broad and subequal frontal costa; this becomes obsolescent below and is shallowly suleate in the middle and sparsely and feebly punctate throughout, like the rest of the face and the genae; antennae luteo-testaceous. Pronotum witha broad blackish fuscous dorsal stripe, crossing the whole prozona between the luteous stripes mentioned, coarsely and feebly rugoso-punctate; metazona finely and closely rugoso-punctate, rufo-testaceous; lateral lobes pallid lute- ous below, crossed above by a very broad mixed luteo-castaneous and blackish band, greatly broadening and weakening on the metazona, where it becomes rufo-testaceous; episterna pale greenish luteous; epimera subpiceous. Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male subquadrate. Tegmina dark fuscous with luteous veins, about as long as the prozona, linear, slightly and regularly enlarging to the rounded apex. Hind femora flavo-luteous like the under surface of the abdo- men, pale rufo-testaceous above, the outer field with a bluish green upper margin, the whole geniculation paie rufo-testaceous; hind tibiae feebly incurved apically (whence the specific name), blue-green with a testaceous base, the apical half of the spines black. Supraanal plate of male shield-shaped, with strongly sinuous sides, much longer than broad, with a rather narrow sulcus on the basal half, bounded by slight ridges; furcula wanting and the last dorsal segment parted in the mid- dle; cerci somewhat tumid and large at base, tapering rapidly in the basal half, the apical half laminate, tapering, acuminate, with an inferior dentation at its base. Length of body, male, 18.5 mm.; antennae, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, 4 mm.; hind femora, 11.25 mm. One male. Sierra Nola, Tamaulipas, Mexico, December 3-6, BH. Palmer. This species differs widely from the two preceding. 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 11. SINALOA, new genus. (Geographical name.) Body shaped much as in Paraidemona, male and female, briefly pilose. Head a little prominent, the vertex well arched and the fas- tigium rather rapidly descending, shallowly sulcate, the frontal costa not very broad, about as broad as the interval between the eyes, sub- equal, percurrent, sulcate; face but little retreating; eyes separated by a tolerably narrow interval, narrower in male than female, rather prominent in the male, considerably (female) or very much (male) longer than the anterior infraocular portion of the genae; antennae moderately stout, in the male much longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum subequal in the male, but with slightly expanding front margin and metazona, distinctly enlarging posteriorly in the female, both front and hind margin truncate, the latter feebly emarginate, with slight percurrent median carina and no lateral carinae, the lateral lobes vertical; prozona almost twice as long as, and less feebly punctate than, the metazona, cut in the middle by a transverse sulcus, followed behind by a sinuous or broadly W-shaped sulcus, both tolerably distinct. Prosternal spine erect, conical, bluntly pointed; interval between meso- sternal lobes feebly transverse in both sexes, the metasternal lobes not very close. Tegmina brief, lobiform, lateral. Fore and middle femora of male tumid; hind femora moderately long but stout, the spines of the outer row of hind tibiae ten to eleven in number. Margin of subgenital plate of male straight from the base, which is in no way ampliate; cerci compressed laminate, subequal, slender; furcula con- sisting of a pair of parallel, attingent, slender, spine-like processes. The only species known is from Mexico. SINALOA BEHRENSII, new species. (Plate III, fig. 7.) Body fusco-testaceous above, flavo-testaceous beneath, the two colors separated on the sides by a broad blackish-fuscous band, extending from behind the eyes across the lateral lobes of the pronotum, subequal and well defined throughout but, at least in the female, slightly enlarged and a little obsolescent on the metazona, continued, at least in the male, on the sides of the base of the abdomen. Head flavo-testaceous, with a mediodorsal, widening, blackish fuscous or dull fuscous stripe from the base of the fastigium backward, sometimes broken; face with extremely feeble signs of delicate puncta, no more abundant on the frontal costa than elsewhere; antennae flavo-testaceous, growing infuscated apically. Pronotum with the metazona transversely and subrugosely punctate, especially in the male and on the lateral lobes, simply punctate on the disk in the female, transversely striate in the region of the lateral carinae on the prozona, the median carina sometimes blackish fuscous in continuation of the stripe on the head. Tegmina fusco-testaceous, somewhat darkest on anterior half, hardly so long as the prozona, No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 41 rounded acuminate at tip, fully twice as long as broad. Hind femora flavo-testaceous, the angulate incisures of the outer face rather broadly fuscous; hind tibiae flavous or flavo-testaceous, the spines black except- ing their base. Supraanal plate of male short triangular, with feebly convex sides, rectangulate apex, and with a pair of short, oblique, rather prominent, rounded ridges before the middle of the basal half of either side; furcula consisting of cylindrical, equal, blunt fingers fully a third the length of the supraanal plate; cerci compressed laminate, rather slender, narrowed in the middle by the arcuation of the upper margin, bluntly rounded at tip, gently incurved throughout, and hardly so long as the supraanal plate; apex of subgenital plate a little angulate, extended no great distance beyond the supraanal plate. Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 25 mm.; antennae, male, 9.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind femora, male, 11 mm., female, 15 mm. One male, 1 female. Sinaloa, Mexico, collected by Koels; received from J. Behrens, of San Francisco, after whom it is named. 12. PARAIDEMONA, (wapa, beside; Aidemona, a genus of Melanopli. ) Paraidemona BRUNNER (pars), Rév. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145. Body compact, not slender, subeylindrical, a little compressed, slightly enlarged at the metathorax, especia!ly in the female, the abdomen of the male feebly clepsydral, the apex tumescent and rounded, and some- what recurved. Head not prominent, the vertex well rounded, the eyes separated narrowly in the male, not widely in the female, rather prominent, particularly in the male, and large, much larger than the infraocular portion of the genae, subangulate above in the female; antennae very much longer than head and pronotum together, especially in the male. Pronotum truncate at both extremities, enlarging very slightly posteriorly, more in the female than the male, with slight, per- eurrent, median carina, no lateral carinae; prozona twice as long as the metazona, both equally and somewhat similarly punctato-rugulose, the transverse sulci of the prozona lightly impressed, one of them dividing the prozona in equal halves and pereurrent. Prosternal spine moderate, blunt, conical, erect; interval between mesosternal lobes of male longer, sometimes much longer, than broad; of female (where known) a little longer than broad; metasternal lobes narrowly attin- gent. Apterous in both sexes. Fore and middle femora of male dis- tinctly tumescent; hind femora not very long. Lateral margins of subgenital plate straight from the base, which is not ampliate and is concealed behind the preceding segment; cerci styliform, conical; fur- cula consisting of a pair of parallel, attingent, cylindrical processes, terminating bluntly. As here restricted, Pezotettiv punctatus Stal is the type. The genus is confined to Texas and northern Mexico, so far as known. 4? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PARAIDEMONA. Supraanal plate of male, excepting the tip, subquadrate, the lateral margins rectan- MEH fee COR SBE OS SSO U Ce DE COnmS Oncor Do SSCMSIEeS nema conc. based 1. punctata (p. 42). Supraanal plate of male triangular with nearly straight sides.... 2. mimica (p. 43). 1. PARAIDEMONA PUNCTATA. (Plate ITI, figs. 8, 9.) Pezotettix punctatus STAL, Bih. K. Sy. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 11. Pezotettix nudus ScUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 77; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 66.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59. Paraidemona punctata BRUNNER, Réy. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145. Interspace between eyes as broad as (male) or rather broader than (female) the first antennal joint; frontal costa moderate, equal, flat above, suleate at, below, and to some extent a short distance above, the ocellus. Pronotum expanding a very little posteriorly, mostly on the posterior half, the front and hind margins truncate, the latter some- times almost imperceptibly emarginate in the middle, especially in the male, the lateral carinae wholly wanting; the whole pronotum is equally subrugoso-punctate throughout, unless it be that the disk is coarser than the deflected lobes; meso- and metanota, and the basal segments of the abdomen similarly but more obscurely punctured. The general color is a greenish yellow more or less tinged with brown, brighter in the male than in the female, and marked with blackish fuscous; the darker markings consist, principally, of a dorsal stripe, which either extends over the pronotum as a broad equal band, often fainter in the middle, with a triangular extension on the head, and sometimes a narrowing infuscation on the meso- and metanota (male), or forms an obovate patch along the middle of the anterior lobe of the prothorax, with the same triangular extension on the head, and reappears sometimes on the meso and metathorax, and always on the abdominal joints, as a series of obliquely-descending, triangular, lateral patches, separated from one another by a yellowish median line (female); also of a broad lateral band, which extends from behind the eye backward, either to the hinder edge of the prothorax, its upper margin straight, its lower arcuate (male), or across the prozona only, occasionally in an obscure manner across the metazona also, both margins arcuate (female); beyond this the lateral band extends over the remainder of the thorax and over the abdomen, often broken into spots on the latter, and always enlivened on the for- mer by an oblique yellowish line, which crosses it on the metathoracic episterna. The face partakes of the color of the under surface, as do the bases of the antennae; beyond, the antennae become slightly rufous; just behind its narrowest point the vertex has a transverse blackish line, Hind femora greenish yellow, the lower portion of their outer face more or less embrowned, deepening frequently into black, which occasionally covers the whole; hind tibiae pale green, the spines black tipped. Subgenital plate of male twice as broad as long, tumid, the upper edge a little and angularly produced in the middle; supraanal — -?? *. ee” lee”. erhesr llr ree! Cee No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 43 plate nearly quadrate, tapering very slightly, the outer angles slightly produced, and the posterior edge with a median, triangular, pointed extension, a third as wide as the extremity of the plate and longer than broad; furcula consisting of a pair of attingent, depressed, rather stout, scarcely tapering, blunt-tipped fingers, fully half as long as the supraanal plate and slightly upturned at the tip; anal cerci very simple, being slight conical projections, tapering mostly in their basal half, the tip blunt, the whole not so long as the disk of the supraanal plate, omitting its apical extension. Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male, female, 8 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 12.25 mm. Thirteen males, 21 females. Dallas, Texas, J. Boll; Texas, June 13, 28, 29, July 5, August 3, Belfrage (U.S.N.M.,— Riley collection); Car- rizo Springs, Dimmit County, Texas, A. Wadgymar, August 28 (the same); Goliad, Texas, December 3, E. Palmer; Corpus Christi Bay, Nueces County, Texas, December 11-20, E. Palmer. Stal’s specimens came from Texas. 2. PARAIDEMONA MIMICA, new species. (Plate III, fig. 10.) Yellowish testaceous, heavily banded with black, especially on the sides, and more markedly in the male than the female. Head with the interspace between the eyes very narrow, especially in the male, the fastigium between them sulcate, narrowly in the mate, the suleation continuing so as to be subcontinuous with that of the frontal costa, which is suleate in its whole extent. equal, and broader than the inter- . Space between the eyes. Pronotum punctate as in P. punctata, and as there a glabrous spot free of punctuation occurs on the prozona at the summit of the lateral lobes. A black stripe, sometimes wanting or feebly fuscous in the female, begins at some point on the fastigium and continues backward, broadening on the head so as to include nearly the entire vertex, and crosses the pronotum as a broad mediodorsal band, as broad as the length of the metazona, or in the female even broader; it is sometimes obscure or wholly obsolete in the female, while in the male it is always distinct, at least on the prozona, and generally continues, though narrowed, over the meso- and metanota. The lat- eral band, generally rufo-piceous, is still broader and is sharply defined above and below, often uninterrupted on the metazona in the female, where it widens so as to include belind the whole of the thoracic pleura (excepting the episterna) and the sides of the first four abdominal seg- ments; above it is more or less distinctly accompanied in the female by a -testaceous stripe. The dorsum of the abdomen of the female lacks the double series of oblique lateral dashes found in P. punctata, or has them very feebly marked. Hind femora yellowish testaceous, the outer face growing darker below, giving there a broken irregular blackish stripe; hind tibiae glaucous, the pallid spines black tipped. Supraanal 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. plate of male triangular, with the lateral margins slightly convex in the middle (scarcely shown in the figure), with a pair of slightly dis- tant, short, longitudinal, subapical ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of attingent, depressed, equal, parallel, blunt tipped fingers, less than a third as long as the supraanal plate; cerci simple, conical, pointed, hardly half as long as the supraanal plate. Length of body, male, 13 mm., female, 20 mm.; antennae, male and female, 7 mm.; hind femora, ale, 9 mm., female, 10.5 mm. Four males, 5 females. Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, May, ([No. 705] U.S.N.M.,—Riley collection); Columbus, Colorado County, Texas, June 21 (the same); southwest Texas, Schaupp (lL. Bruner); Uvalde, Texas, last week of July, E. Palmer. This species resembles P. punctata to such a degree as with difficulty to be distinguished from it, except by the abdominal appendages of the male, which are remarkably distinct. There is no sign in the female of the dark mediodorsal fusiform patch on the pronotum, and the coloring of the female in both species is very variable. There are two other forms of Paraidemona known to me, which I deem probably distinct from either of the above, but being known only by the female, I only allude to them. Both have relatively heavy hind femora. One is almost wholly olivaceous, the abdominal carina marked with yellow, and with yellow shades upon the sides of the dorsum of the thorax; it comes from Carrizo Springs, Texas (U.S.N.M.). The other is almost wholly yellowish testaceous, with no dorsal stripe and relatively feeble and fleeting lateral stripes; it comes from Dallas, Texas (U.S.N.M.), and Venis Mecas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, January 6, EK. Palmer. 13. AIDEMONA. (azdnjecv, modest. ) Aidemona BRUNNER, Réy. Syst. Orth., 1895, p. 145. Body compact, moderately slender, parallel sided but enlarged at the mesothorax. Head not prominent, the vertex well rounded, rising above the level of the pronotum, the space between the eyes narrow but not very narrow, the face broadly rounded and a little retreating; frontal costa a little prominent above, broad, much broader than the interspace between the eyes, plane, percurrent, subequal, and heavily punctate; eyes moderately prominent buat little more so in the male than in the female, rather large, bread ovate, much larger than the subocular portion of the genae; antennae slender, rather shorter than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum scarcely enlarging poste- riorly, transversely quadrate, the dorsum plane or very feebly convex, with the lateral lobes set sharply at right angles to it, but otherwise with no raised lateral carinae, a feeble median carina on metazona only, No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER,. 45 the front margin truncate, the hind margin subrectangulate; prozona and metazona of subequal length, the sulcus separating them distinet but not deep, suddenly angulate in the middle by the emargination of the prozona, the posterior sulcus of the prozona arcuate or angulate so as to approach it in the middle, the middle sulcus subparallel to this but more nearly transverse and crossing the middle of the prozona, the front of the prozona in no way elevated to receive the head. Pro- sternal spine quadrate, appressed, broadly truncate; interspace between mesosternal lobes subquadrate, a little longer than broad in the male, the reverse in the female, the metasternal lobes attingent over some space (male) or approximate (female). Tegmina and wings fully devel- oped, the former with scarcely any ampliation of the costa near the base. Fore and middle femora but little more gibbous in the male than in the female; hind femora not very long, the hind tibiae with ten spines on the outer side. Margin of subgenital plate of male straight from the base, which is not ampliate, a little elevated at the apex; cerci styliform, about as long as the supraanal plate, the furcula nearly obsolete. The genus is confined so far as known to Mexico and Central America. AIDEMONA AZTECA. (Plate IV, fig. 1.) Platyphyma azteca SAUSSURE, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861 (1861), p. 161; Orth. Novy. Amer., II (1861), p. 12.—WaALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 716.—THomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 223. Pezotettix aztecus STAL, Bih. K. Sy. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V (1878), No. 9, p. 10. Aidemona azteca BRUNNER, Réy. Syst. Orth. (1893) p. 145. Brownish fuscous above, sometimes deepening to blackish fuscous, especially on the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, testa- ceous below, often deeply infuscated. Head mostly testaceous, heavily punctate throughout excepting on the vertex, where the puncta are obscure and subdued, and where the color is dark; fastigium with more or less elevated but rounded lateral walls; frontal costa slightly widened just above the ocellus; antennae testaceous, more or less infuscated, especially toward apex. Pronotum heavily and almost equally punctate throughout, both on dorsum and lateral lobes, but less crowded on the posterior half of the lateral lobes of the prozona, and with a small, free, glabrous patch above on either half of the prozona; lower half of the lateral lobes testaceous, in greater or less contrast to the blackish upper half, the darker portion widening on the metazona; but while this feature is sometimes very marked, in specimens in which the testaceous under surface becomes flavous, it is sometimes scarcely to be detected, so infuscated may the lower half become. Tegmina far surpassing the abdomen, rather slender, well rounded apically, griseous from a profuse and rather minute fuscous flecking on a semi- pellucid base, the flecking more or less confluent in the basal third; 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. wings pellucid, feebly infuscated apically, the veins and cross veins blackish fuscous. Hind femora very variable, the outer face varying from olivaceo-testaceous with fuscous incisures to dark almost blackish fuscous, the most distinctly marked specimens with the base broadly and obliquely yellowish testaceous, and a middle oblique band of no great width of the same color; inner side red; hind tibiae obscure glaucous, becoming luteous toward the base, rather densely pilose, the spines black-tipped. Supraanal plate of male triangular, rather small, tectate especially apically, with a narrow basal median sulcus, bounded by high and heavy walls, which do not extend over half the plate; furcula composed of a pair of very small, rounded, attingent lobes, barely projecting beyond the edge of the last dorsal segment; cerci about as long as the supraanal plate, slender, tapering throughout but slightly more in the basal than the apical half, feebly compressed, acuminate, feebly ineurved in the apical half; infracercal plates brief, concealed. Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male, 5.5 mm., female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male, 14 mm., female, 18 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11.75 mm. Forty-one males, 35 females. Mexico, Sumichrast; Mexico, April, Botteri; Orizaba, Mexico, January (L. Bruner); Venis Mecas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, January 6, E. Palmer; San Luis Potosi and Savinito, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, KE. Palmer; Aguas Calientes, Mexico, L. Bruner; Tehuantepec, Mexico, February, Sumichrast; Realejo, Nicaragua, April, McNeil. Specimens in my collection, poorly preserved, seem to indicate the presence of two other species of this genus in Mexico, one at Vera Cruz, the other at Tehuantepec. 14, HY POGCHEORA: (doy wpos, greenish yellow.) Hypochlora BRUNNER (pars), Réy. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145. Body slender, compressed, very thinly pilose. Head not prominent, the summit gently arched, the fastigium descending with moderate rapidity, the face retreating considerably; interspace between the eyes broad, the fastigium scarcely sulcate, the frontal costa rather narrow, not nearly so broad as the space between the eyes, sulcate, percurrent, and subequal; eyes moderate in size, not very prominent, similar in the two sexes, about half as long again as broad, and distinctly longer than the anterior infraocular portion of the genae; antennae moderately stout, somewhat longer (male) or a little shorter (female) than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum subequal, even in the female, very feebly and gradually enlarging in passing backward, with a distinct percurrent median carina, the disk very broadly subtectate, passing by a rounded angle hardly forming a lateral carma into the vertical lateral +4 "wo. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. Aq lobes, the front margin subtruncate, the hind margin very obtusely angulate, the very coarsely, feebly, and sparsely punctate prozona half as long again as the finely and suddenly punctate metazona, its poste- rior margin faintly angularly emarginate, the transverse sulci feeble, one dividing it into two equal halves and straight, the other a third the way behind it to the metazona and sinuate. Prosternal spine erect, moderately slender, conical; interspace between mesosternal lobes more than twice as long (male), or nearly half as long again (female) as its middle breadth, the shape being strongly clepsydral from the con- vexity of the inner margin of the lobes, the metasternal lobes subat- tingent, especially in the male. Tegmina abbreviate, acuminate, attin- gent or overlapping, about as long as the pronotum. Fore and middle femora slightly tumid in the male; hind femora slender, somewhat compressed, the lower genicular lobe not free from markings, the hind tibiae with nine to ten spines in the outer series. Abdomen of male not clavate nor curved upward apically, the lateral margins of the sub- genital plate straight from the very base, acutangulate at tip, with a slight, blunt, apical tubercle; cerci very slender and simple; furcula consisting of a pair of slight cylindrical slender fingers, subparallel or more or less crossing one another, perhaps parallel in life. This genus was established by Brunner upon three species, one of which must be referred to Hesperotettix, since the lateral margins of the subgenital plate are clearly ampliate at the base; while another has here been placed in a near and neighboring genus, Cumpylacantha, leaving H. alba as the type and at present the only known member of the genus. It is found in our Western States only, east of the Rocky Mountains, and from Nebraska southward. HYPOCHLORA ALBA. (Plate IV, fig. 2.) Pezotettix alba DoDGE!, Can. Ent., VIII (1876), p. 10.—BRUNER!, ibid., IX (1877), p. 144.—THomas, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878, 1845 (1878).—BRUNER!, Rep. of USS: Ent. Comm., [ll (1883), p. 59; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., IV (1884), p. 58.—RILEy, Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), pp. 201-202.—BrunER!, Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 136; Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 307.— OsBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt. 1 (1892), p. 117.—BRUNER!, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Se., III (1893), p. 27. Hypochlora alba BRUNNER, Rév. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145. Pale yellowish green with very feeble markings. Head pale yellowish green, often more or less grayish and punctate or irrorate with pale ferruginous, and sometimes with a feeble inconspicuous pallid stripe from the upper margin of the eye backward; antennae pale luteous at base becoming ferruginous and at tip sometimes infuscated. Prono- tum pale yellowish green, sometimes grayish, rarely brighter green, not infrequently sprinkled with ferruginous dots, the position of the lateral carinae in best-marked specimens marked with an inconspicuous pale yellow stripe, sometimes very inconspicuous, deepening in color 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. from above downward; the lower half of the lateral lobes rather lighter colored than the disk of the pronotum. Tegmina pale grass green. Fore and middle legs greenish yellow; hind femora pale yellowish green, sometimes a little infuscated especially above, occasionally sprinkled sparsely with ferruginous dots; hind tibiae very pale faintly bluish green, the spines with only their extreme tips brownish or black- ish. Supraanal plate of male pretty regularly triangular with subacu- minate apex, the surface tectate and the mesial ridge divided in two by a narrow percurrent sulcus, deep on the basal half of the plate; fur- cula composed of a pair of adjacent, straight and very slender, eylin- drical, bluntly acuminate processes, several times longer than broad; cerci very delicate, tapering on the basal half, beyond very slender, equal, compressed, cylindrical, apically bluntly subacuminate, the apical half considerably and gradually incurved; infracercal plates narrow, laterally arcuate, a little shorter than the supraanal plate, concealed by the recumbent cerci. é Length of body, male, 14.5 mm., female, 21.5 mm.; antennae, male, 7mm., female, 6.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 4.5 mm., female, 5.4 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 12 mm. Thirteen males, 23 females. Bismarck, Burleigh County, North Dakota, August 9 (L. Bruner); Fort Robinson, Dawes County, Nebraska, August 21-22, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Nebraska, G. M. Dodge (S. H. Scudder; S. Henshaw; U.S.N.M. [No. 706]—Riley collection); Gordon, Sheridan County, Nebraska, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Valentine, Cherry County, Nebraska, L. Bruner (the same); Finney County, Kansas, September, H. W. Menke (University of Kansas); between Smoky Hill, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado, L. Agassiz (Mus, Comp. Zool.); Colorado, 5500 feet, Morrison; Pueblo, Colorado, 4700 feet, August 30-31. The species was originally described from Glencoe, Dodge County, Nebraska. It has since been reported from Manitoba, Minnesota, Dakota, Montana, and from Fort McKinney, Johnson County, Wyo- ming, and Kansas by Bruner, from Iowa by Osborn, and Colorado by Thomas. ‘Here in Nebraska,” says Bruner, ‘it is one of our common- est species, when one knows where to look for it.” It feeds, according to the same writer, on what is called in the West “white sage,” Arte- misia ludoviciana, with which its colors closely correspond. 15. CAMPYLACANTHA, new genus. (xaumvrA0s, bent (backward); axavba, (prosternal) spine. ) Hypochlora BRUNNER (pars), Réy. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145. Body somewhat compressed, rather densely pilose. Head rather prominent, especially in the male, the genae being rather tumid and | the summit strongly arched and distinctly elevated above the level of the pronotum, the fastigium descending rapidly, but the face moder- No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 49 £ ately retreating; interspace between the eyes rather broad (male) or broad (female), the fastigium feebly if at all suleate, the frontal costa distinctly broadest between the antennae, where it is nearly as wide as (male) or still much narrower than (female) the interspace between the eyes, percurrent, suleate at least below the ocellus; eyes not very prominent nor very large, longer in proportion to breadth in the female than in the male, and yet in the female hardly, in the male distinetly, longer than the anterior infraocular portion of the genae; antennae rather coarse, more than half as long as the body in the male, distinetly longer than head and pronotum together in the female. Pronotum sub- equal (male) or distinctly and very gradually broadening posteriorly (female), with a rather slight median carina, sometimes interrupted between the sulci, the disk very broadly subtectate, passing by a rounded angle, without forming lateral carinae, into the vertical (female) or sub- vertical (male) lateral lobes, the front margin subtruncate, in no way flaring, the hind margin obtusely angulate, the impunctate or very fee- bly rugulose prozona nearly or quite half as long again as the punctate or distinctly rugulose metazona, its transverse sulci moderately dis- tinct, that in the middle straight, and followed a third of the way to the metazona by a similar but arcuate suleus. Prosternal spine blunt conico-cylindrical, more or less retrorse; interspace between mesoster- nal lobes nearly twice as long (male) or half as long again (female) as broad, the inner margins of the lobes nearly straight; metasternal lobes attingent (male) or subattingent (female). Tegmina abbreviated, generally but not always a little longer than the pronotum, rounded or subacuminate at tip, their inner margins overlapping or separated. Fore and middle femora distinetly gibbous in the male; hind femora variable, as also the coloring of the inferior genicular lobe; hind tibiae with nine to ten, generally nine, spines in the outer series. Abdomen of male very feebly clavate, very feebly upturned, the lateral margins of the subgenital plate not ampliate at the base, the apex bluntly angulate at tip, with a distinct but not very large tubercle, extending beyond the inner side of the apical margin; fureula consisting of a pair of slight, rounded, feebly projecting lobes. This genus is closely allied to Hypochlora, but is composed of gener- ally stouter forms, in which the antennae are longer, the pronotum is usually rugulose rather than punctate, and the males of which have more tumid anterior femora, besides the differences pointed out in our table of genera. C. acutipennis may be taken as the type. The genus occurs only in the West, where it ranges east of the Rocky Mountains from Nebraska to Texas, and occurs again in Durango, Mexico. Proc. N. M. vol. xx ——4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CAMPYLACANTHA. A), Distal half of anal cerci of male less than half as broad as the extreme base. b'. Hind femora relatively slender, the greatest breadth in the male being no greater than the length of the prozona. , cl, General colors griseous, with a slight greenish tinge; hind tibiae livid, finely ~ flecked with griseous .......--..------------------------- 1. aculipennis (p. 50). c?, General colors olivaceous; hind tibiae yellowish green.... 2. olivacea (p.51). b?. Hind femora relatively stout, the greatest breadth in the male being a little greater than the length of the prozona; hind tibiae bluish green, lutescent apic- — BUS oe ee ence selon 2. Sac eosin ch Sasha ee eee elena rine eee 3. similis (p. 52). A’. Distal half of anal cerci of male more than half as broad as the extreme base. 4, vivax (p.52). 1. CAMPYLACANTHA ACUTIPENNIS. (Plate IV, fig. 3.) Pezotettix acutipennis SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), p. 472; Ent. Notes, IV (1875), p. 71; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 16.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 58; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 136. Hypochlora acutipennis BRUNNER, Réy. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145. Brownish fuscous with a dull olivaceous tinge, giving a griseous aspect; excepting the abdomen pilose throughout. Head mottled irreg- ularly with darker and lighter shades, a dark triangular spot in the middle of the posterior part of the summit, and generally an obscure dark band passing backward from the hinder edge of the eyes and crossing a portion of the sides of the pronotum; antennae pale yellow- ish, infuscated at extreme tip. Pronotum delicately rugulose, the median carina distinct, the dorsum more distinctly tectate in the female than inthe male. Tegmina less than half as long as the body, but longer than the pronotum, tapering to a blunt point, dark brown, the veins and cross veins generally paler and olivaceous. Legs dusky, the middle femora blackish externally; hind femora more or less indis- tinctly trifasciate with blackish; hind tibiae livid, mottled minutely and profusely with brown, the apical half of the spines black. Supra- anal plate of male triangular with nearly straight sides, acutangulate at tip, the apex blunt, the basal half with a deep sulcus between. slightly converging elevated ridges, the apical half more or less depressed, but showing faint signs of the continuation of the median sulcus; furcula consisting of a pair of slight, rounded, adjacent lobes, projecting very slightly; cerci straight, slender, and short, scarcely reaching the tip of the supraanal plate, nearly straight on the inferior — margin, above narrowing rapidly in basal, gradually in apical, half, again more rapidly at extreme tip, the apex bluntly acuminate; infra- cercal plates broad at base, regularly tapering, with nearly straight outer margin, failing to attain the tip of the supraanal plate, visible outside the recumbent cerci. Length of body, male, 20.5 mm., female, 24.5 mm.; antennae, male, female, 10.5 mm.; tegmina, male, female, 8 mm.; hind femora, male, 13 min., female, 15 mm. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 5l Hight males,4 females. Texas, Belfrage (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection) ; Texas, Lincecum; Dallas, Texas, J. Boll; Bosque County, Texas, G. W. Belfrage; Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, May (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas (L. Bruner). It is also reported from McPherson, Labette, Shawnee, and Barber counties, Kansas, by Bruner. Boll took the species in September and October in woods, on plants and bushes; Belfrage in October on prairies. 2. CAMPYLACANTHA OLIVACEA. (Plate IV, fig. 4.) Pezotettix olivaceus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), p. 472; Ent. Notes, IV (1875), p. 71; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 16.— BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 58; Ins. Life, I1{ (1891), p. 229; Bull. Div. Ent., U.S. Dep. Agric., XXIII (1891), p.14; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., ITI (1893), p. 27. Bright olivaceous green, occasionally somewhat infuscated and so approaching in appearance C. acutipennis. Summit of head with a dark- green median stripe, broadening posteriorly, sometimes including a median yellowish thread; sides of head and sometimes the front tinged with yellow; antennae green at base, beyond orange, infuscated at the extreme tip. Pronotum covered rather profusely with short longitudi- nal dashes of lemon yellow, rather irregularly distributed but distinctly marking the median carina, excepting at its posterior extremity, and also the two extremities, rarely the whole, of the lateral carinae. Teg- mina green, generally half the length of the abdomen, occasionally but little longer than the pronotum, rarely half as long again. Legs stout, yellowish green, the fore and middle femora more or less tinged with dull orange; outside of hind femora slightly infuscated, the tibial spines black-tipped. Supraanal plate of male and furcula wholly similar to the same parts in C. acutipennis; cerci straight and slender, shorter than the supraanal plate, usually partially erect, at least in cabinet specimens, the basal half tapering, the apical less than half as broad, equal, the tip rounded but a little produced below, the outer surface slightly sulcate on the apical half; infracereal plates as in C. acutipennis. Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 29 mm.; antennae, male and female, 10.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 8.5 mm., female, 13.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.5 mm., female, 17.5 mm. Twenty males, 20 females. Lincoln, Nebraska (lL. Bruner); Douglas County, Kansas, 900 feet, September (University of Kansas); Texas, September 14, Belfrage; Bosque County, Texas, October 24-27, Belfrage; Dallas, Texas, September 9, J. Boll; Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, May (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection). Frequently found sitting on fences in the autumn, according to Belfrage. This species very closely resembles the preceding, and may perhaps yet be proved but a dimorphic form of the same; it appears to be com- moner and to have a wider range. Bruner states that he has seen it 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. ‘sin beet fields several times under such circumstances as led {him] to think it feeds upon that plant. It is also quite partial to Helianthus and Chenopodium.” . 3. CAMPYLACANTHA SIMILIS, new species. (Plate IV, fig. 5.) Dark bluish green, more or less infuscated and enlivened by various shades of green. A broad, longitudinal, sordid yellow stripe behind the — upper half of the eyes, beginning at their nearest approximation, leaves | on the top of the head a broad, equal, dark bluish green dorsal stripe; the genae are more or less mottled with olivaceous and the antennae are ferruginous, deeply infuscated. Pronotum more or less deeply tinged with dark olivaceous, the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona alone pure bluish green, though the dorsum of the metazona approaches it. Tegmina dull green, infuscated basally, nearly or quite half as long as the abdomen, subacuminate. Fore and middle femora dull ferru- ginous, apically dark olivaceous; hind femora stouter than in the two preceding species, bluish green on the outer face, slightly infuscated at the incisures, greenish fuscous above feebly bifasciate with fuscous, flavo-luteous below and within, and with a feeble and broken testa- ceous pregenicular annulus; hind tibiae pale bluish green, deepest at base, followed by a dull luteous annulus and becoming lutescent apt- cally, the spines tipped with black. Supraanal plate of male similar to that of the two preceding species, but flatter, with lower ridges; fureula as there; cerci alinost as long as the supraanal plate, tapering very rapidly in the basal third, beyond slender, less than half as broad as the base, subequal, expanding feebly beyond the middle and then tapering again, the lower portion of the tip very slightly produced and very feebly curved downward; infracereal plates much as in the preced- ing species or perhaps broader basally. Length of body, male, 23.5 mm., female, 35 mm.; antennae, male, female, 10.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 9 mm., female, 11.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.5 mm., female, 17.5 mm. One male, 1 female. Lerdo, Durango, Mexico, November (lL. Bruner). This species, though closely allied to the preceding, is distinguish- able from it not only by its colors, but by the greater stoutness of the hind femora, more easily recognized than described. 4. CAMPYLACANTHA VIVAX. (Plate IV, fig. 6.) Pezotettix vivax ScuppER!, Ann. Rep. Geol. Sury. W. 100th mer. 1876 (1876), p. 284; Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876 (1876), p. 504.—BRUNER, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1888), p. 59. Head large, prominent, yellowish green, mottled with brown, which on the summit forms a very broad longitudinal stripe; vertex between the eyes as broad as the frontal costa, the fastigium slightly sulcate; xo, 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 53 frontal costa equal, rather deeply sulcate below the ocellus; antennae light brown, the basal joint unusually small. Pronotum small, equal, compressed, the dorsum flat, the whole so much smaller than the head as to give the insect a strangulated appearance, brownish green, mot- tled with darker and lighter markings, the lateral carinae with a yel- lowish stripe and the lateral lobes with a similar oblique stripe descending to the lower anterior angle; the metazona is profusely punctate, the transverse sulci deeply impressed, the median carinae obsolescent, the lateral carinae wholly obtuse, the posterior margin very obtusely angulate. Prosternal spine not very stout, cylindrical, very bluntly tipped, inclined rather strongly backward. Tegmina about as long as the pronotum, slender, short, lanceolate; wings rudi- mentary. Hind femora slender, yellow, tinged on the upper half with brownish, and obscurely, narrowly and transversely bifasciate above with the same; hind tibiae glaucous(?), the spines reddish, tipped with black; arolium extremely large. Abdomen yellowish, tinged above with greenish brown, the last segment of the male scarcely upturned. Supraanal plate of male broad triangular, with a deep percurrent median sulcus, the margins of which are strongly elevated in the basal half, gently elevated in the apical half, the apex slightly less than ree- tangulate, blunt; fureula consisting of a pair of minnte, rounded, slightly projecting, adjacent lobes; cerci compressed laminate, scarcely reaching the tip of the supraanal plate, gently incurved, tapering on the basal half, scarcely enlarging beyond, where it is more than half as broad as at the base, the tip broadly rounded, but shghtly produced below. Length of body, male, 18.5 mm.; antennae, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, 4.15 mm.; hind femora, 9 mm. One male. Plains of northern New Mexico, eastern slope, October 14-31, Lieutenant W. L. Carpenter. 16. FORTE TE LEX. nev genus: (Nes, dawn, i.e. eastern; rérrzé, grasshopper. ) Body slender, elongate, feebly compressed, with very sparse pilosity. Head relatively large and rather prominent but short, apart from the prominent eyes almost broader than the pronotum, the face not very oblique, the genae not tumescent, all the carinae prominent; vertex faintly arched, not raised above the pronotum; fastigium rather nar- row but greatly broadening anteriorly, very little declivent, shallowly suleate; frontal costa about as broad as the interspace between the eyes, broadening above, the margins distinctly elevated throughout; eyes large and very prominent, rather broad oval, about half as long again as broad, separated above by a moderate interval; antennae slender, slightly depressed. Pronotum moderately long, equal, com- pressed, with rounded subtectate but otherwise plane disk, the median 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. arina sharp, equal and percurrent, the lateral carinae distinct but con- fined to the anterior lobe of the prozona, and somewhat approximated, the two sections of the prozona independently and rather abruptly tumid on the upper part of the lateral lobes, the transverse sulci of the prozona obscure but straight, the front margin truncate, the hind margin produced but obtusangulate. Prosternal spine sharply acum1- nate; meso- and metastethia together much longer than broad; the mesosternal lobes approximate in the male, the metasternal attingent. Tegmina abbreviate, broad lanceolate, acuminate, attingent. Hind femora not very long, the lower genicular lobe pallid except for a nar- row, basal, transverse, fuscous streak; hind tibiae with 12 spines in the outer series. Abdomen of male compressed, the subgenital plate equal, its middle with a pronounced, backward directed, apical tubercle, the lateral margins basally ampliate; furcula distinctly developed; cerci styliform, straight, acuminate. A single species is known, from Florida. EOTETTIX SIGNATUS, new species. (Plate IV, fig. 7.) Pezotettix signata MCNEILL!, MS. Of medium size, glistening flavo-testaceous. Head prominent, light fusco-olivaceous, above broadly infuscated along the middle line and with a narrow piceous postocular stripe, bordered by flavous; vertex feebly tumid, not rising above the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes fully half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fastigium almost twice as broad anteriorly as posteriorly, little decli- vent, broadly and shallowly suleate; frontal costa distinctly pereur- rent, equal below the ocellus, distinctly broader above it, so as to be as broad there as the interspace between the eyes, the lateral borders ele- vated throughout but rounded and not acute, densely punctate through- out; lateral carinae of face prominent; eyes large, very prominent, nearly half as long again as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous. Pronotum equal,in no way flaring on the metazona, the lateral lobes with a not very broad, percurrent, glistening, blackish fuscous, postocular stripe, directly beneath which the lateral lobes are more brightly colored than below; disk broadly convex, passing into the vertical lateral lobes almost insensibly, except on the anterior sec- tion of the prozona, where there are distinct lateral carinae, which are separated from each other by only about three-fourths the entire width of the prozona; median carina sharp, percurrent, equal, but on the metazona diminishing posteriorly; front margin truncate, hind margin bluntly obtusangulate; prozona distinctly longitudinal, sparsely pune- tate, nearly half as long again as the rather closely and finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine small and rather short, acutely conical; interspace between mesosternal lobes very narrow, much more than > "wo. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. F U Je | Ou twice as long as broad; metasternal lobes broadly attingent. Tegmina scarcely longer than the pronotum, broad lanceolate, acuminate, with strongly convex costal margin, pale testaceous. Fore and middle femora very tumid in the male; hind femora uniform flavo-testaceous, with no markings except a feeble and narrow, transverse, fuscous stripe at the base of the geniculation, and a fuscous upper edging to the genicular are; hind tibiae very pale red or pink, the spines pallid on the basal, black on the apical half, 12 in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen feebly clavate, scarcely recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, tectate, rising to a pair of high but rounded converging ridges, inclosing between them the deep triangular sulcus, which crosses the basal half of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of stout and coarse, subparallel, rather distant, subequal, blunt projections, a little longer than broad and than the last dorsal segment; cerci slender, deli- cate, conical, straight, finely acuminate, about as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate rather small, considerably longer than broad, equal, terminating in a backward-directed, bluntly rounded tubercle, seated on the middle of the apical portion of the plate, the apical and lateral margins in the same plane, the former well rounded, entire. Length of body, male, 19 mm.; tegmina, 6.25 mm.; hind femora, 11.5 im. One male. East Florida, William H. Ashmead (J. McNeill). (a ES EE © ay Ea eee (€6mEpos, western; rTérz1é, grasshopper. ) Hesperotettic SCUDDER, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury. Terr., II (1875), p. 262. Body almost parallel-sided, very little enlarged at the metathorax, more or less but not greatly compressed, more so in the male than in the female. Head not very prominent; vertex usually very narrow between the eyes, with a slight depression or sulcation between; fastigium broadening in front of it, declivent, with a median depression or longitudinal suleation, sometimes distinct, sometimes obscure, the sides rounded; front straight, somewhat oblique, the frontal costa equal, only slightly contracted at the extreme summit, generally as broad as if not broader than the interval between the eyes, suleate throughout; antennae slightly (female) or considerably (male) longer than the head and pronotum together; eyes slightly prominent, a little more so in the male than in the female, rather long oval, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae. Pronotum long and slender, the dorsum fully half as long again as broad, the prozona the longer, sometimes half as long again as the metazona, with less distinction in surface and sculpture between them than common, alike broadly tecti- form, the median carina slight but alike or nearly alike in both, the descending lateral lobes separated by no angle or raga; posterior mar- gin very obtusely angulate, the angle rounded, the border delicately margined. Prosternal spine rather long, bluntly conical; meso- and 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. metastethia together much longer than broad; interspace between mesosternal lobes generally twice as long as broad in the male, almost equally narrow or subquadrate in the female, the metasternal lobes subattingent in both sexes. Tegmina and wings always present, gen- erally fully developed or a little abbreviate, but sometimes lobate. Fore and middle femora of male tumid; hind femora long and slender, somewhat compressed, generally surpassing the abdomen, the superior carina slight, unarmed; hind tibiae feebly ampliate apically, with spines of similar length on the two sides; first joint of hind tarsi scarcely longer than the third, the second small, with a large inferior apical lobe; arolium rather large, nearly twice as long as broad. Sub- genital plate of male furnished with a prominent, subapical, more or less conical tubercle, the lateral margins of the plate suddenly ampliate at base; furcula always distinctly present as a pair of projecting lobes; last abdominal segment of female not abbreviate, the ovipositor nor- mally exserted. The type is H. festivus Scudder, a species mistaken for H. viridis Thomas at the time the genus was described. This genus is closely related to Hypochlora and Campylacantha, but is separated from them by the basal ampliation of the margins of the subgenital plate of the male. One of the species indeed (the most aberrant one) was originally placed by Brunner in Hypochlora. The genus is still more closely allied to Aeoloplus, from which it is separable by the form of the pronotum and the slenderness of the body. It is found across the United States, but only a single species is known east of the Great Plains, and that one has only been found on or near the Atlantic border. It is generally characteristic of the West. Many of the species are very closely allied and have hitherto been confounded by all observers. A large amount of material now enables me to distinguish them and to find characters which will rarely fail of tolerably certain separation. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HESPEROTETTIX. A’. Metazona of pronotum distinctly punctate on dorsum; prozona smooth, except sometimes feebly punctate on dorsum; nowhere rugulose. b1, Pronotwm highly and irregularly diversified in color, or else nearly devoid of markings of any kind, the dorsum nearly plane; tegmina in the diversified species marked with a white or pallid stripe on the division line between the discoidal and anal areas. c!. Transverse sulci of the pronotum distinctly marked in black; hind femora with a distinct pregenicular annulation. d', Relatively slender-bodied, with slender femora; tegmina rarely as short as the body and then only in male; antennae of male slender, distinctly longer than the head and pronotum together ....-.....-.-......... Il. vamadts (pion): d?, Relatively stout-bodied, with stout femora; tegmina surpassing the body only in the male and then but slightly; antennae of male coarse, scarcely longer than the head and pronotum together .......... 2. meridionalis (p.59). c*. Transverse sulci of pronotum not marked in strong colored contrast to sur- roundings; hind femora without red pregeaicular annulation or only faint signs Ol PONG inci Soiuia.o Seo 3 Sein ss RIO Se KREG ER ng See SE ROO eee OE CS UCT GDL) oD i i] No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER, 57 b?. Pronotum fiversiied in polar ‘only = loseeuaere ‘i Rapes: the Tienes dis- tinetly tectiform; tegmina without pale stripes (though they are oceasionally indicated). e?, Tegmina lobiform, no longer than the pronotum. d', General color dark brown, occasionally with a tinge of green; tegmina short ovate, distinctly shorter than the pronotum -........ 4. pacificus (p. 61). d?. General color grass-green; tegmina long jak scarcely shorter than the pea pot: a Bise sabe ------- 0. curtipennis (p. 62). . Tegmina fully evetoped! or aibreni es eared ee ice or nearly twice as long as n pronotum. d?, Tegmina and wings abbreviate, much shorter than the body. 6. brevipennis (p. 63). . Tegmina and wings distinctly surpassing the abdomen, or sometimes in the ile only equaling it. est eee pT acensia (pot). A®. Pronotum tectiform ; heen y prozona ol eon youn on dorsum and lateral lobes, equally and distinctly rugulose -.........-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-- 8. speciosus (p. 66). 1. HESPEROTETTIX VIRIDIS. (Plate IV, fig. 8.) Caloptenus viridis THOMAS, oo Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p. 450, pl. i, fig. 3.—GLovER, I]. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pl. 1, fig. 3. Ommatolampis viridis pee (pars), Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 156;? Rep. Geol. Geogr. Surv. 100th mer., V (1875), p. 892.—BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144. Hesperotettix viridis UHLER (pars), Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., III (1877), p. 795.—? THomas, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878 (1878), p. 1845.—BRUNER (pars), Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 187.—? CoquiL“LETT, Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), pp. 295, 297.—BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sce., III (1893), p. 26. Pezotettix viridis STAL, Bih. K. Sy. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 14. Hesperotettic montanus BRUNER!, MS. Head varying from olivaceous to ochraceous, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate with fuscous, the costae, front, and inferior margins of the genae more or less pallid, an infraocular black bar and infra- antennal black band, the clypeal incisures black; fastigium more or less infuscated or blackish, and the vertex with a longitudinal black stripe, broadening posteriorly and there sometimes inclosing a pallid thread; sides of the head behind the eye more or less streaked longitudinally with blackish; antennae warm testaceous, with a greenish tinge near base. Pronotum of the same ground color as the head, but the dorsum otten with more or less of a testaceous or subferruginous tint, the sulci narrowly marked in black, a moderately broad mediodorsal bright or dull white stripe rather narrowly margined, sometimes with the excep- tion of the metazona, with black or fuscous; lateral lobes much varie- gated on the prozona by an irregular assortment of brief, longitudinal, black, rarely dark-green bars, sometimes more or less connected to form a gently oblique moderately broad belt. Pleura and tegmina as in AT, festivus, and the femora similar, but the hind femora almost always furnished with a moderately broad pregenicular salmon colored com- plete annulation; hind tibiae and tarsi as in H. festivus. Supraanal 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. plate of male triangular with roundly acute apex, about as long as broad, the margins straight and upturned, leaving between them and the basal U-shaped elevated ridge a broad deep sulcus, on which is further impressed a slight median longitudinal sulcus from the extrem- ity of the basal ridge; furcula consisting of a pair of slight subtrian- gular projections overlying the two bases of the basal ridge; cerci sim- ple, subconical, scarcely so long as the supraanal plate, tapering but little and that wholly in the basal half, the apex rather blunt, rounded, gently ineurved; infracercal plates inconspicuous, shorter than the supraanal plate. Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 20 mm.; antennae, male, 7.4 mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 13.5 mm., female, 19.2 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.75 mm., female, 14.75 mm. Twenty-four males, 40 females. Sidney, Cheyenne County, Nebraska, August, L. Bruner; Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 5,000 feet, Septem- ber 1; Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison (S. Henshaw; U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Custer County, Colorado, Cockerell (U.S.N.M.); Plains of southern Colorado, July 25, F. H. Snow (University of Kansas); Chaves, New Mexico, September 6; Dallas, Texas, Boll; San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Carrizo Springs, Dimmit County, Texas, A. Wadgymar, June (L. Bruner); Fort Grant, Graham County, Arizona (U.S.N.M.—Riley coliection); Tighes, San Diego County, California, Palmer; Siskiyou County, California (U.S.N.M.); © Montague, Siskiyou County, California (L. Bruner). The species was originally described from Colorado, Wyoming, and Kansas, and has since been reported from |New Jersey] (Uhler), [ Min- nesota| and Iowa (Bruner), Nebraska (Thomas, Bruner), Kansas and Colorado (Bruner), Beaver Brook and the Grand Canyon of the Arkan- sas (Uhler); Texas [and Mexico] (Uhler); [Utah] (Bruner), and San Joaquin Valley, California (Coquillet). Localities which are in doubt or in error are placed in brackets. This species closely resembles H. festivus, but while generally of a little larger size is distinguished from it by the black-marked sulci of the pronotum, the generally but not invariably greater irregularity of the markings of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, the red annulation of the hind femora (though this will probably be found in some individ- uals of H. festivus) and the ground color of the head and pronotum, as well as in slight differences in the abdominal appendages of the male. The eyes are slightly more elongate in H. festivus than in the present species, at least in the female. It is wholly uncertain to what species belongs the reference by Thomas! to an insect with tegmina only one-third the length of the abdomen, taken in northern New Mexico or Colorado. I have placed it here with a query. I possess a couple of females, collected by R. Ridgway in Ruby 1! Ann. Kep. Chief Eng., 1878, 1845. =") | : Sy) Seren afar +4 eT ee ee Se No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 59 Valley, Nevada, but preserved after long immersion in spirits, which, until fresh specimens are obtained for study, I regard as belonging to this species. They are, however, remarkable for the brevity of the tegmina, which are only as long as the pronotum, and the species has not been otherwise recorded from this region. They seem to represent a short-winged form of this species, their tegmina overlapping like the normal form and not lobate, as in the strictly brachypterous species of this genus. 2. HESPEROTETTIX MERIDIONALIS, new species. (Plate IV, fig. 9.) This species differs but little from H. festivus, but has even more strikingly contrasted colors, the green of which is deeper and of a bluer tint and the femora are stouter. The face is yellow with a slight greenish tint, coarsely and distinctly punctate with blackish brown; the intercostal interspace below the antennae is heavily infuscated and the usual short bar below the eyes is present; vertex yellow, the fastigium heavily infuseated and behind it a widening blackish stripe, posteriorly inclosing a median yellow thread; antennae fuscous, the joints feebly and narrowly annulate with pale ferruginous. Pronotum yellow, more or less olivaceous, and on the metazona often heavily suf- fused with bright ferruginous, all the transverse sulci and particularly that close to the front margin heavily marked in black, which cuts the heavy black-bordered mediodorsal yellow stripe; upper portion of the lateral lobes more or less heavily marked with black on the prozona; pleural sutures heavily marked in black. Tegminaof about the length of the abdomen, bluish green, the discoidal and posterior ulnar veins with a narrow pallid yellow stripe. Fore and middle femora dull ferru- ginous; hind femora with the outer face dull greenish luteous, the superior carina heavily flecked and punctate with fuscous, and a faint, broad, dull coral red, pregenicular annulation; hind tibiae greenish blue, the spines white with black tips, the tarsi more or less testaceous. Supraanal plate of male much as in H, festivus, the furcula consisting of a pair of minute but boldly projecting rounded lobes, separated by twice their own width; cerci slightly compressed, subconical, tapering much more rapidly in the proximal than in the distal half, the latter being nearly equal, the tip rounded but slightly produced and gently incurved, the whole scarcely so long as the supraanal plate; infracercal plates inconspicuous, apically tapering, almost as long as the supraanal plate. Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 26 mm.; antennae, male, 8 min., female, 7.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 15.5 mm., female, 20 mm.; hind femora, male, 12 mm., female, 15.7 mm. One male, 2 females. Guanajuato, Mexico, A. Duges (U S.N.M. [No. 707|); Sierra Nola, Tamaulipas, Mexico, December 2-6, E. Palmer. There is also a male from Mexico in the Museum of Comparative 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Zoology which may belong here (as the cerci indicate), but the tegmina are longer than in the specimens described above and the whole appear- ance and the proportions are those of H. festivus. Besides the colorational features which distinguish this species from H. viridis, the body is relatively stouter, the antennae coarser and — shorter in proportion to the pronotum, the latter is more acutely angu- late behind (though the difference is but slight), the hind femora are shorter and stouter, and the tegmina and wings relatively shorter. 3. HESPEROTETTIX FESTIVUS, new species. (Plate IV, fig. 10.) Hesperotettiz viridis SCUDDER!, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1876), p. 262.— ~ THOMAS, Proc. Day. Acad. Sc., I (1876), p. 262.—ScuppDER!, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., IT (1881), App., p. 24.—-BRUNER (pars), ibid., III (1883), p. 59. Face varying from green-yellow to pallid yellow, more or less deeply infuseated in the intercostal space below the antennae, the frontal costa sulcate throughout excepting above, and faintly and distantly punctate with fuscous on the margins; genae pallid or greenish pallid except for a short, slender, oblique, blackish stripe below the eye. Summit of head and dorsum of pronotum buff, greenish buff, rarely green, or oliva- ceous, with a median, black-margined, white or pallid stripe, the stripe reduced to a thread-on the head, the black edging remaining; on the sides, above the middle, is a more or less irregular black stripe, more interrupted or broken in the female than in the male, extending from behind the eyes, where it is reduced to parallel longitudinal streaks, to the hinder edge of the prozona, bordered broadly below and above with pallid, above forming a stripe which begins narrowly along the upper edge of the eyes and continues also across the metazona, occupying the position of lateral carinae; excepting for stripes at the median and lateral carinae, the metazona is uniformly buff or rarely green and is very shallowly punctate; both meso- and metapleura with an oblique, fusiform, pallid stripe, margined more broadly in some places than in others with black. Tegmina of about the length of the abdo- men, rather dark bluish green, the anal area more or less deeply tinged with buff, the discoidal and posterior ulnar veins white, the veinlets impinging on the apical margin distinctly blackish. Fore and middle femora buff, inclining to ferruginous; hind femora buff, but purplish on the outer face and more or less infuscated, the geniculation with a blackish crescent on the outer and inner sides; hind tibiae bluish green, becoming more or less pallid or testaceous distally, the spines white with black tips, the tarsi testaceous or greenish testaceous. Supraanal plate of male triangular, of about equal length and breadth, broadly rounded apically, with straight and shghtly upturned margins, the sur- face with a pair of converging stout elevated ridges, forming a basal triangular pit between them, and in the distal half of the plate beyond the united ridges a slight median sulcus; furcula consisting of a pair q ; sarah ee ees ee of minute rounded lobes, separated by about their own width; cerci ‘No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 61 simple, subconical, tapering a very little, more rapidly in the proximal than in distal half, subacutely pointed, as long as the supraanal plate and feebly incurved; infracercal plates not very broad, as long as the supraanal plate, completely concealed by the recumbent cerci. Length of body, male, 15.5 nm., female, 20.5 mm.; antennae, male, female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 12 mm., female, 13 mm.; hind temora, male, 9.1 min., female, 11 mm. Sixty-six males, 58 females. Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 4,300 feet, July 26, August 1-4 (S. H. Scudder; U.S.N.M. [No. 708]); American Fork Cation, Utah, 9,500 feet, August 2-3; Provo, Utah, August 23-24; Spring Lake Villa, Utah County, Utah, August 1-4, E. Palmer; Los Angeles County, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M. | No. 708].—Riley collection). The species has previously been reported (under another name) from Lake Point, Salt Lake and Salt Lake Valley (Scudder), Mount Nebo and Spring Lake, Utah (Thomas), and Utah (Bruner). The contrasts of colorings in this species render it a more variegated insect than any of the other species of the genus, particularly when the buff colors are deepest and bring out the black and white with greatest vividness. 4. HESPEROTETTIX PACIFICUS, new species. (Plate V, fig. 1.) Hesperotettix pacificus BRUNER!, MS.—KOEBELE!, Bull. Div. Ent. U. 8. Dep. Agric., XXII (1890), p. 94.—undescribed. Body feebly but not briefly pilose; general color dark brownish tes- taceous, frequently tinged more or less with olivaceous. Head sparsely punctate, with a variable broad black bar below the eyes, sometimes reduced to a V-shaped spot and in greener specimens dark olivaceous; a Similar broad dark stripe behind the eyes, and the summit generally with a mediodorsal black stripe, sometimes having a median light thread through it; fastigium generally sulcate, sometimes reduced to a pit in front of the eyes; frontal costa equal, about as wide as the space between the eyes, more or less feebly sulcate; antennae testaceous, generally darker apically and sometimes pallid basally, about as long as (female) or much longer than (male) the head and pronotum together. Pronotum scarcely enlarged from in front backward, rounded tectiform, with the bluntest possible median carina, the prozona smooth or very feebly and sparsely punctate, the metazona about two-thirds as long as the prozona and punctate, the hind margin very obtusely angulate, the angle broadly rounded; there is a slender pallid or testaceous median stripe, more distinct on the prozona than on the metazona, on the former and occasionally on the latter margined, generally narrowly, with black; on the upper part of the lateral lobes of the prozona is a broad black band, often obscure and on greenish specimens sometimes obsolete, and where most pronounced bordered broadly below and nar- 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. rowly above with white. Tegmina uniform greenish fuscous, short ovate, less than twice as long as broad, shorter than, sometimes hardly more than half as long as, the pronotum. Hind femora dark testaceous with the outer face light testaceous, its distal third blackish and a premedian angulate blackish bar (on greenish specimens almost wholly green, enlivened on upper surface with a ruddy tint); hind tibiae fusco- glaucous or glaucous, the spines black tipped. Supraanal plate of male triangular, the sides feebly and angularly emarginate, the — apex acute, with a basal median sulcus of similar shape not reaching the middle, the interspaces on either side very shallowly, broadly and roundly suleate, and a slender tolerably deep median sulcus apically; furcula consisting of a pair of slightly projecting, subattingent, rounded lobes; cerci slender, tapering gently in basal half, beyond equal or very feebly expanded, the tip rounded but slightly produced, the apical half feebly incurved; apical tubercle of subgenital plate feeble, blunt, seen from behind broadly rounded. Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; antennae, male, 10 mm., female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 3.5 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind femora, male, 12 mm., female, 12.5 mm. Two males, 8 females. Los Angeles, California, October 27, Coquillett (U.S.N.M. | No. 709.|—Riley collection); Los Angeles, California, Koebele (L. Bruner); San Buenaventura, California (U.S.N.M. | No. 709.|—Riley collection). JXoebele reports it from the Shasta district in northern California. The abdomen, which is carinate, sometimes has the carina distinctly lighter than the body. This species most resembles H. festivus of the longer winged forms, but is very different from it. 5. HESPEROTETTIX CURTIPENNIS, new species. Hesperotettix curtipennis BRUNER!, MS. Body feebly and rather briefly pilose; general color green with an olivaceous tinge. Head with a yellow front margin to the genae, bor- dered posteriorly with a short dark greenish or bluish green bar below the eyes; behind the eyes is a broad dark green stripe (not so dark as the bar) margined with yellow, the inner margin passing along the upper edge.of the eye; summit sometimes with a dark green median stripe; fastigium with a slight pit between the eyes and more or less suleate on the expanded portion in front; frontal costa of somewhat irregular breadth, but about as wide as the interval between the eyes, distinctly suleate; antennae testaceous, about as long as head and pronotum together inthefemale. Pronotum rounded tectiform, scarcely enlarging from in front backwards, the carina and carinal markings as in H. pacificus, the lateral lobes similarly marked, with a broad, yellow- bordered, blackish green bar crossing the prozona, its lower margin slightly oblique; hind margin broadly rounded, scarcely angulate, the = No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 63 prozona plainly though feebly, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate, the metazona closely punctate. Tegmina rather long ovate, nearly twice as long as broad, and scarcely shorter than or at least three- quarters as long as the pronotum, green. Hind femora green, the outer half of the upper surface ruddy, the under surface and the carina beneath the outer field luteous; hind tibiae green, the spines pale green with black tips. Abdomen green, becoming darker above, the carina marked heavily with yellow and margined with blackish green. Length of body, female, 23mm.; antennae, 7.75 mm.; tegmina, 6 mm.; hind femora, 12.5 mm. Two females. Colorado, Morrison (U.S.N.M. [No. 710]; L. Bruner). Of the long-winged forms, this species most resembles H. festivus, but is easily distinguished from it, apart from the great difference in the tegmina. 6. HESPEROTETTIX BREVIPENNIS. (Plate V, fig. 2.) Ommatolampis brevipennis THomas!, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., I, No. 2 (1874), Ist Ser., p. 67. Hesperotettix viridis UHLER (pars), Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II] (1877), p. 795.— MorsE!, Psyche, VI (1892), p. 262; VII (1894), p. 106. Head pea green, fusco-punctate in front, with a short blackish stripe below the eyes, behind the pallid callosity; streaks of dark green pass backward from the eye, and the vertex has a slender, mediodorsal fus- cous stripe, narrowing anteriorly and ending at the base of the fastig- ium in a round blackish spot; antennae pale ferruginous, slightly infuscated apically. Pronotum shaped as in H. pratensis, pea green, with a moderately broad, bright ferruginous, obscurely fuscous, mar- gined, mediodorsal stripe, generally broader in the female than in the male; and above the middle of the lateral lobes, but not reaching the front margin nor passing beyond the prozona, a blackish fuscous bar, sharply delimited below, fading out above, bordered beneath and some- times interrupted posteriorly above with pallid; sides of the body green except that the metapleura have an oblique pallid stripe, bordered on the upper posterior and lower anterior sides with black. Tegmina con- siderably shorter than the abdomen in both sexes, but particularly in the female, the anal area and a little more than that ferruginous, its upper limit sometimes infuscated, the remainder pea green. Femora almost precisely as in H. pratensis; hind tibiae varying from pea green to pale bluish green, the spines pale on basal, black on apical half; hind tarsi concolorous with tibiae or sometimes a little yellower. Supraanal plate of male triangular, with straight sides and rounded subacute apex, about as long as broad, with a broad and rather high tectate ridge parallel to the margins, inclosing a deep, basaily broad, triangular sul- cus; furcula consisting of a pair of slightly projecting, moderate sized, 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, rounded lobes, separated by half their own diameter; cerci a little shorter than the supraanal plate, simple, conical, but slightly more rapidly tapering on basal than on apical half, bluntly acuminate; infra- cercal plates broad triangular, scarcely shorter than the supraanal plate, slightly ridged on its margins; last dorsal segment deeply emarginate, so as to be less than half as broad in the middle as at the sides. Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 24 mim.; antennae, male, 7.25 mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 10.25 mm., female, 10 mm.; hind femora, male, 11 mm., female, 12.5 mm. Ten males, 10 females. Wellesley, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, July 16-August 1 (A. P. Morse); New Jersey (U.S.N.M. [No. 711]); Georgia, Morrison. } This species has been previously recorded only from New Jersey _ (Thomas, Uhler), where Uhler says it is “not uncommon in the cran- berry fields of Atlantic County;” and from Wellesley, Massachusetts, by Morse, who tells me that his specimens were taken in a very restricted locality, ‘‘a steep gravelly hillside, forming the terminal por- tion of a part of the gravel-plain formation of Wellesley,” where they were captured ‘‘ by sweeping vigorously the short-tufted growth of bunch grass, Andropogon scoparius, which with other wild grasses and running blackberry vines sparsely clothed the gravelly soil.” All his specimens were taken between mid July and mid August. Since writ- ing me this, Mr. Morse has found another locality near the previous, where on July 10 he took both sexes mature and nymphs; the surround- ings were similar. This species is very closely allied to H. pratensis, but differs from it in its shorter tegmina and wings, the more regularly conical cerci of the male, the slightly different form of the supraanal plate and the markings; it is also of a smaller size. 7. HESPEROTETTIX PRATENSIS, new species. (Plate V, fig. 3.) Ommatolampis viridis THOMAS (pars), Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 156. Hespero.ettix viridis UHLER (pars), Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., III (1877), p. 795.—BRUNER (pars), Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59; Rep. U.S. Ent., 1885 (1886) p. 307. Head yellowish green, sparsely punctate with fuscous in front, the lower portion of the face more or less obscured with purplish, a short fuscous stripe depending from the eye, in front of which the callosity is livid; vertex with a more or less distinct, rather narrow, fuscous or blackish stripe, narrowing anteriorly, and ordinarily with a median thread of yellow, the fastigium generally discolored, sometimes and especially in the female reddish. Pronotum scarcely (male) or shghtly (female) increasing in breadth from in front backward, equally through- out and with no angle in the middle, yellowish green, occasionally, especially in Southern examples and apparently in the female only, £ No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 65 with a pallid line along the position of the lateral carinae of the prozona, extending also across the head where it follows the upper hinder matr- gin of the eyes; above the middle of the Jateral lobes, on the prozona, is a more or less distinct and irregular fuscous bar, generally darkest below, including on the hinder section a whitish dash in its upper part, and sometimes more or less margined with pallid, especially below; there is usually present, sometimes conspicuously, a narrower or broader mediodorsal stripe, sometimes pale yellow or pale yellow margined more or less broadly, and generally more broadly behind than in front, with reddish pink or fuscous, at other times, and especially in the female where it is at least generally broader, wholly reddish pink more or less infuscated. Tegmina of about the length of the abdomen in both sexes, ereen or yellowish green, the anal area and often a little more than that sometimes reddish pink, especially in the female. Legs green, the fore and middle femora more or less plainly annulate with coral red before the geniculation, and occasionally with a line of red above the upper margin of the outer face, the geniculation with a fuscous crescent both ou the outer and inner side; hind tibiae pale bluish green, becoming more or less yellowish apically, the spines pallid on their basal, blackish brown on their apical half; hind tarsi pale green, more or less yellow- ish, especially at the apices of the joints. Supraanal plate of female triangular, subacutely but bluntly angulate, of about equal length and breadth, the margins nearly straight, the middle of either half with a rather broad moderately elevated ridge, the two converging beyond the middle of the plate and inclosing a deep basal sulcus; furcula consist- ing of a pair of minute rounded lobes, nearly twice as distant as their width; cerci considerably shorter than the supraanal plate, simple, reg- ularly conical on basal half, the apical half subequal, bluntly pointed, very feebly downcurved; infracercal plates almost as long as the supra- anal plate, inconspicuous; last dorsal segment broadly rounded and rather deeply emarginate. Length of body, male, 18.5 mm., female, 30 mm.; antennae, male, 8.25 mm., female, 10.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 13 mm., female, 20 min.; hind femora, male, 11.6 mm., female, 17.5 mm. Forty males, 68 females. Red River of the North {Minnesota or Mani- toba], Uhler; southern Illinois, Kennicott; Crawford County, iowa, July 13-24, J. A. Allen; Denison, Crawford County, Iowa, July 20, J. A. Allen; Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa, July 20-24, J. A. Allen; Dallas County, Iowa, August, J. A. Allen; Valentine, Cherry County, Nebraska, L. Bruner(U.S.N.M. | No.712]); Fort Robinson, Dawes County, Nebraska, August 22, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); Chadron, Dawes County, Nebraska, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); Nebraska, Dodge, Hayden; West Point, Cuming County, Nebraska (L. Bruner); Bismarck, North Dakota, July 23,G.W.Sweet (U.S.N.M. [No.712]); Wyoming, Mor- rison (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); Fort McKinney, Johnson County, Wyoming, July 26 (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); Fort Benton, Choteau County, Montana, Poe. N. M. vol.: xx 5 ‘ 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. July 20 (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); Brown’s, Colville Valley, eastern Wash- ington, July 24 (Museum Comparative Zoology); La Chapples, Yakima River, Washington, July 16 (Museum Comparative Zoology); Umatilla, Oregon, June 24 (Museum Comparative Zoology); Los Angeles, Cali- fornia, Coquillett (U.S.N.M. | No. 712]); San Diego, California, Blaisdell — (L. Bruner); Tighes, San Diego County, California, E. Palmer; American | Fork Canyon, Utah, 9,500 feet, August 23; Monument Park, El Paso | County, Colorado, July 19 (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); Manitou, El Paso ~ County, Colorado, August 24-25; Beaver Brook, Jefferson County, Colorado, P. R. Uhler; Colorado, 8,000 feet, Morrison; latitude 38°, Lieu- tenant Beckwith; San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); Dallas, Texas, July 18, Boll; Pecos River, Texas, Captain Pope; Orizaba, Mexico, January (lL. Bruner). Nearly all the specimens from the National Museum are from the Riley collection. Dr. J. A. Allen found the insect in lowa only in dry prairies on the grass, excepting that the least-marked specimens occurred in groves, and there only. Occasionally a specimen, and especially a female, is found in which there is no trace of ferruginous on the tegmina, which are then green with a pallid stripe along the dividing line between the discoidal and anal areas, reminding one of H. viridis or H. festivus. The specimen above referred to from Orizaba, a female, differs slightly in its somewhat abbreviated tegmina, and the mottled mark- ings of pallid yellow and green upon the lateral lobes of the prono- tum; it possibly indicates another species. 8. HESPEROTETTIX SPECIOSUS. (Plate V, fig. 4.) Pezotettix speciosus SCUDDER!, Final Rep. U.S. Geol. Sury. Nebr. (1871), p. 250.— GLOVER, Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth., pl. xvul, fig. 4 (1874).—Tnomas, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury. Terr., 1V (1878), p. 484.—BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144.— SraL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V (1878), No.9, p. 14. Acridium frontalis Tuomas, Ann. Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p. 448, pl.1, fig. 1.—GLovEnr, Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pl. x1, fig. 1.—THOMAs, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 169.—BRUNER, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 58; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 1385; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XIII (1887), p. 11.—Osxorn, Ins. Life, 1V, p. 51 (1891); Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXII (1891), p. 70; Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XX VII (1892), p. 59.—BRUNER, Ibid, XXVIII (1893), pp. 12-13, fig. 3; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Se., III (1893), p. 26. Hypochlora speciosa BRUNNER, Rey. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145. Grass green. Head without markings, except that sometimes the lateral margins of the frontal costa, especially its upper portion, and the apex of the fastigium are tinged or flecked with roseate, also ocea- sionally seen on the lateral carinae of the face; vertex more or less rugulose; eyes moderately distant, especially in the female, the frontal costa slightly narrower than the interspace between the eyes, equal, sulcate, the tip of the fastigium also impressed; antennae pale pink, > No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 67 pallid at base, slightly darker and sometimes infuscated at tip, nearly as long as (female) or much longer than (male) head and pronotum together. Pronotum tectiform with a feeble blunt and equal median carina, which is often but not always, sometimes conspicuously, pink roseate; prozona much longer than, in the male half as long again as, the metazona, rugulose, the raised portions generally more or less yellowish and having often a transverse, never a longitudinal trend; the metazona equally rugulose, but with a distinct longitudinal trend to the raised portions; hind margin obscurely and obtusely angulate. Teemina green or yellowish green, the longitudinal veins being yellow and the ground green; they taper to a roundly acuminate tip and are of variable length in both sexes, but always considerably longer than the pronotum, in the male usually about two-thirds the length of the abdo- men, in the female generally varying from two-thirds as long as to quite or nearly as long as the abdomen; wings pellucid green, with green veins. Hind femora green, the outer half of the upper surface below the carina often roseate, and the inner surface generally pale yellow; a faint sign of a pregenicular roseate annulation often appears; hind tibiae green, the spines pallid or yellowish green with black tips. Supraanal plate of male triangular, with slightly sinuate sides, the apex some- times acute, sometimes rounded, with a rather broad and deep median sulcus in the basal half, bounded by a rather high and acute ridge on either side, between which and the margin is a rather deep and very broad valley; aslight median sulcus appears in the apical half; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, little protruding, triangular lobes; cerci delicate and slender, tapering gently and more on basal than on apical half, though sometimes the apical half is nearly equal, bluntly acuminate at tip and with the outer half distinctly incurved; apical tubercle prominent, conical, more or less appressed; sometimes slightly transverse as viewed from behind, and occasionally (as in the figure; by accident in drying?) bifid. Length of body, male, 22.5 mm., female, 34 mm.; antennae, male, 10 mm., female, 11.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 9 mm.,! female, 18.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 14 mm., female, 18.5 mm. Twelve males, 27 females. Nebraska, Dodge, Scudder; Nebraska City and banks of Platte River, Nebraska, Hayden; Finney County, Kansas, September, H. W. Menke (University of Kansas); Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet, July 9, September 1; Garland, Cos- tilla County, Colorado, 8,000 feet, August 28; Texas, Belfrage; Dallas, - Texas, Boll; San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas (L. Bruner); Fort | | Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, May (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Gulf coast of Texas, Aaron; Pecos River, Texas, Captain Pope. Since writing this, Mr. C. F. Baker has sent me specimens from Horse- tooth Mountain, 6,000 feet, west of Fort Collins, Colorado. The species has also been reported from Dakota or Montana (Thomas), 'The male selected for measurement has unusually short tegmina. 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Dakota, Wyoming, Iowa, Nebraska and Missouri (Bruner), Kansas (Thomas), Garden City, Kansas (Bruner, Osborn), Barber and Shaw- nee counties, Kansas (Bruner), Colorado or Northern New Mexico (Thomas), Colorado and New Mexico (Bruner), and Washington County, Texas (Bruner). This species can hardly be confounded with any other, though it bears a close general resemblance to Campylacantha acutipennis, from which it is strongly separated by the prominence of the base of the lateral margin of the subgenital plate of the male. It is dimorphic in wing length. 18. AEOLOPLUS; new, genus: (a?oXos, variegated; o2Aov, armor.) ny tian tag Body relatively short and stout, considerably enlarged at the meta- thorax, even in the male. Head normal, the eyes moderately distant, 4 . not very prominent except sometimes in the male, the summit well — arched, the fastigium slightly suleate between the eyes, the frontal — costa moderately broad, subequal, plane or nearly plane; antennae moderately stout, cylindrical, equal, slightly longer (male) or slightly shorter (female) than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum stout, regularly increasing in size from in front backward, the disk gently convex transversely, the prozona slightly and independently tumid, with no or an exceedingly feeble median carina, distinguishing — it from the flat carinulate metazona; posterior margin of pronotum very obtusely angulate, the angle more or less rounded; prozona about half as long again as the metazona, generally slightly broader than long or quadrate. Prosternal spine conical, erect; interval between mesosternal lobes of male about twice as long as broad, often clepsydral from the convexity of the inner margins of the lobes, of female vary- ing from the same to quadrate, the metasternal lobes attingent or sub- attingent in the male, a little distant in the female. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male, the hind femora relatively short and stout, occasionally furnished inferiorly in the male with a basal tooth protecting the calearia when the tibiae are closed upon the femora. Tegmina generally completely developed, but often somewhat abbreviate, rarely lobate. Subgenital plate of male with the lateral margins very strongly ampliate and arched at the base, and furnished with a distinct but not very prominent subapical tubercle, the apical margin of the plate forming its inner base; furcula scareely or not apparent; cerci tapering, apically very slender, simple; terminal seg- ments of female abdomen more or less considerably abbreviated, the Ovipositor only partially exserted. Aeoloplus regalis may be taken as the type. This genus is closely related to Hesperotettix, and these two genera are the only ones in the section of Melanopli with ampliate base to the lateral margins of the subgenital plate, in which the abdomen termi- : 4 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 69 a = = nates in a tubercle distinct from fe margin Gisae though it is a rather common feature in the alternate section; accordingly I have arranged these two genera in such an order that they directly follow those of the other section, and the remaining genera in such sequence as that arrangement required. It is composed of insects of a much heavier build than Hesperotettix, the principal distinctions between the two genera being given in the table (page 11). The genus is confined to the western half of the United States from the Yellowstone to the Mexican border,' but it does not appear to have been found in California? or farther east than western Kansas and Nebraska; it does not reach the prairie region, and is mostly found apparently at elevations not far from 3,000 to 6,000 feet above the sea. According to Bruner, Acoloplus turnbullii and Aeoloplus chenopodii, and therefore probably all the members of the genus, or at least those of the division A! of the following table, are similar in their food habits, confining their attention ‘almost entirely to the various species of plants of the botanical family Chenopodiaceae, which abound in the regions where they occur, being particularly fond of the grease-wood, Sarcobates vermicularis.” ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AEOLOPLUS. A?. Pronotum longitudinally striped with lighter and darker colors; tegmina more or less (excepting in deoloplus elegans), though sometimes feebly, flecked with con- trasting colors; lower genicular lobe of hind femora crossed by a dark basal band. b'. Tegmina at rest extending as far as or beyond the tip of the abdomen, particu- larly in the male. c'. Tegmina relatively long and slender, in the middle narrower than the pro- zona; Wings elongate, fully twice as long as broad. d'. Smaller species, the males less than 15 mm. long; tegmina maculate; apical halimof malecercivery slender. -25--..-522----------5-- 1. tenuipennis (p. 70). d*. Larger species, the males scarcely less than 20 mm. long; tegmina immacu- late; apical half of male cerci relatively stout ......-...-.. 2. elegans (p.71). e. Tegmina relatively short and stout, in the middle as broad as the prozona; wings not elongate, distinctly less than twice as long as broad. d}. Tegmina and wings nof or scarcely surpassing the abdomen in either SEX; subapical tubercle of male abdomen prominent, about as high as broad. 3. regalis (p.71). d*, Tegmina and wings much surpassing the abdomen in both sexes; subapical tubercle of male abdomen but slightly elevated, less than half as high as TDEROGXG| pas eas Bh SSRs Oe oe ee 4. californicus (p.73). b?. Tegmina at rest falling distinctly, sometimes considerably, short of the tip of the abdomen. e'. Tegmina lobiform, not so long as pronotum........---- 5. chenopodti (p. 74). ¢. Tegmina merely abbreviate, about twice as long as pronotum. d'. Cerci of male tapering only in the basal half, the apical half slender and ether eee sess See eye a tee ea eres oa: 6. turnoullit,(p. 75) d*. Cerci of male tapering Boe uniformly through the UES. three- Fama tis amlyvenherapiculetourthyequail=).s25--- =... - 25 5-2cecice eset 7. plagosus (D- 76). — os — ~ = 'And beyond it, for I have ine of an andeseribed species from San tame p otosi. 2Though Bruner states that a species occurs on the “ Pacific Coast. ” * 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, — ——. A®, Pronotum, tegmina (usually), and lower genicular lobe of hind femora unicol- orous, unstriped. b'. Inferior base of hind femora of male with no depending tooth. F 8. uniformis (p. 77). i b?. Inferior base of hind femora of male with a distinct depending tooth. : c'. Eyes of male moderately prominent, as seen from above less than half as high Sh) OM Gy Sepeetee eer = ene cies saris Se ie soils e mies wise wins ele enee aera 9. arizonensis (p. 78). i e. Eyes of male very prominent, as seen from above fully half as high as IG noe 5e copb ons Seaeeds pape mocgrnas bade donc pusecoeesanonDs 10. oculatus (p. 79). — 1. AEOLOPLUS TENUIPENNIS, new species. (Plate V, fig. 5.) Head pallid fuscous, flecked on the sides with brown and with a mediodorsal blackish brown stripe, which fills the narrow sulcus of the fastigium and passes backward much broadened, continuing with less depth of color but with equal width upon the pronotum, as far as the posterior limit of the prozona; a similar but weaker brown stripe passes from behind the eye a similar distance, broader and weaker upon the pronotum; antennae pale salmon red, paler at base; frontal costa equal, as wide as or slightly wider than the interval between the eyes, feebly suleate below the ocellus; fastigium narrowly and rather deeply sulecate, the sulcation of equal width but varying depth. Ground color of pronotum yellowish brown, the posterior margin dis-~ tinctly but obtusely and not sharply angulate, the disk of the prozona distinctly though but slightly transverse, with no median carina. Prosternal spine short, conical, erect. Tegmina considerably surpass- ing the abdomen, exceptionally slender, with very slight subbasal expansion of the costal area, subacuminate apically, brown, but with the larger distal portion pellucid, flecked with brown by the alternately deeper and lighter brown of the veins, the cross-veins mostly white or pellucid; wings not much shorter than the tegmina, not very broad, the veins blackish brown anteriorly, brownish blue in the anal area. Hind femora dull Inteous, the outer face with three more or less con- - fluent, transverse, blackish brown stripes, indicated by transverse fus- cous cloudy bars on the upper faces, the are of the geniculation heavily marked in black; hind tibiae pink, becoming gradually plumbeous distally, the spines pallid on the basal, black on the apical half. Supraanal plate of male subtriangular with sinuous sides and a pro- duced and rounded apex, the surface plane or nearly plane, but with two pairs of very slight longitudinal ridges, one pair bounding the basal median suleation, which narrows distally and terminates beyond the middle of the plate, the other lateral, oblique, and less sharp, prox- imally at the lateral margin, distally a little removed from it and ter- minating at a similar distance from the base as the other pair; furcula barely indicated by an attingent pair of scarcely projecting disks; cerci rapidly tapering at base, nearly the entire distal three fifths sub- equal, slender, cylindrical, straight, blunt-tipped, surpassing slightly the length of the supraanal plate; subapical tubercle of subgenital No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 71 plate moderately prominent, erect, somewhat sharply conical as seen from behind. Length of body, male, 13.5 mm.; antennae, 6.5 mm.; tegmina, 11.25 mm.; hind femora, 8.5 mm. Onemale. Fort Grant, Graham County, Arizona (U.S.N.M. [No. 13]). 2. AEOLOPLUS ELEGANS, new species. (Plate V, fig. 6.) Head pale greenish yellow, the vertex deeper yellow, with a medio- dorsal pale bluish green stripe from the front of the fastigium back- ward; antennae pale salmon, pallid at base and fuscescent at tip; fastigium broadly and very shallowly suleate throughout; frontal costa rather broader than the interspace between the eyes, equal, faintly suleate below the ocellus. Pronotum very pale testaceous with a slight greenish tinge, more pronounced on the metazona, with a very broad pale bluish green mediodorsal stripe inclosing one of pale testaceous, and with some greenish clouds upon the lateral lobes of the prozona; posterior margin very obtusely angulate, the angle rounded; prozona feebly transverse with no median carina. Prosternal spine short, con- ical, erect. Tegmina considerably surpassing the abdomen, exception- ally slender for the genus, with scarcely any subbasal expansion of the costal area, tapering very gradually, the apex well rounded, subpel- lucid with greenish yellow veins; wings not much shorter than the teemina, fully twice as long as broad, the veins greenish, faintly infus- eated. Hind femora dull luteous, with three transverse fusco-olivaceous stripes, more or less confluent on the outer face; hind tibiae pale glaucous, the spines paler glaucous with black tips. Supraanal plate of male somewhat distorted in the only specimen seen, but apparently triangular, with slight median emargination of the sides and a shallow basal sulcus, bounded by convergent walls; furcula practically absent; cerci rather stout, tapering on the basal half, equal and hardly less than half as wide as the base on the apical half, the tip rounded and very feebly decurved; subapical tubercle of subgenital plate rather promi- nent, large, very bluntly conical. Length of body (contracted), male, 18 mm.; antennae, 9 mm.; teg- mina, 17.5 mm.; hind femora, 11 mm. One male. Las Cruces, Donna Ana County, New Mexico, August 8, i). A. Cockerell (U.S.N.M. [No. 714)). 3. AEOLOPLUS REGALIS. (Plate V, fig. 7.) Caloptenus regalis DopGE, Can. Ent., VIII (1876), pp. 11-12.—Bruner, ibid., IX (1877), p. 145.—THomas, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 43.—BRUNER, ibid., III (1883), p. 60. Melanoplus regalis BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p. 28. Head yellow, more or less deeply tinged with testaceous, marked with a dark bluish green median stripe extending from the front of twa PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. = the fastigium to the hinder margin, broadening posteriorly and contin- uing across the pronotum, where it is very much broader, broadest in the middle or at the hinder extremity and sometimes inclosing a slender thread or stripe of testaceous; there is also a lateral blue-green band, its upper limit at the summit of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, which starts from behind the eye and crosses the prozona, where it is — much the widest, occupying from a third to a half the length of the lateral lobes, and occasionally suffusing the metazona; rest of pro- notum brownish testaceous, sometimes with a yellow tinge; frontal costa equal, as wide as the interval between the eyes, slightly depressed at the ocellus; antennae orange. Pronotum obtusely angulate poste- riorly, the median carina distinct on the metazona, feebly indicated on | the prozona in the male and occasionally in the female. Prosternal spine rather slender, conical, reaching the level of the pectus. Tegmina generally slightly longer than the abdomen, especially in the male, sometimes only as long as it, rather broad, especially just beyond the base, brownish green, with darker green fleckings and yellowish cross- veins; beyond the subbasal enlargement they taper regularly and gently, the tip rounded; hind wings a little shorter than the tegmina, moder- ately broad, the veins bluish green, slightly infuscated next the costa. Hind femora testaceous yellow, with two broad angulate and sagittate blue-green bands, darkest above; hind tibiae pale blue-green, pallid at base and pallescent apically, the spines pallid, with the apical half blackish brown. Supraanal plate of male subtriangular, with broadly angulate sides, as long as broad, the acutely angulate tip rounded, the surface nearly plane but faintly elevated to the slight ridges which mark the boundaries of the rather broad and shallow median sulcus that extends over the basal half, narrowing slightly in-its passage; there is besides, on either side, an oblique and narrow ridge, extending from the extreme outer base toward the middle of the distal half of the opposite side, terminating halfway there; furcula consisting of a pair of scarcely projecting, minute, attingent, angulate or subangulate lobes; infracercal plate as long as the supraanal, concealed by the reeumbent cerci; cerci feebly compressed, of the length of the supraanal plate, tapering in the basal half, beyond slender, cylindrical, subequal, but apically tapering and feebly curved downward and inward; subapical tubercle of the subgenital plate moderately prominent, erect, very bluntly conical as seen from behind. Length of body, male, 19.5 mm., female, 27.5 mm.; antennae, male, 8 mm., female, 9.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 14 mm., female, 19 mm.; hind femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 16.5 mm. Five males, 41 females. Cheyenne County, Kansas, F. W. Cragin (L. Bruner); Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet, July-Septem- ber; between Smoky Hill, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado, L. Agassiz (Mus. Comp. Zool.) ; Pueblo, Colorado, July-August; Colorado, Morrison (S. Henshaw); Colorado (U.S.N.M.); Grand Junction, Mesa County, Colorado, June (L. Bruner); Pecos River, Texas, Captain Pope. NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 73 It has also been reported from Nebraska (Dodge) and Wyoming (Bruner). _ The single specimen from Grand Junction is of an exceptionally small size, a female only 17 mm. long. This is the largest species of the genus and is not uncommon at the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. I have considered it probable that this is the species described by Dodge under the name Caloptenus regalis, but the description does not very well apply to it. I am guided partly by a sketch of the markings of the tegmina sent me many years ago by Mr. Dodge, and partly by the impossibility of applying the description to any other known species. 4. AEOLOPLUS CALIFORNICUS, new species. (Plate V, fig. 8.) Head luteo-ferruginous, with a broad, obscure fuscous, median stripe on the summit, not including the fastigium; frontal costa equal, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, plane; antennae bright orange. Pronotum obtusely angulate posteriorly, the angle rounded, the median carina generally feeble but sometimes distinct on the meta- zona, wanting on the prozona, the latter with a pair of approximate, anteriorly converging, dull olivaceo-fuscous, rather obscure, narrow stripes; on the upper half of the lateral lobes the transverse sulci are marked in fusco-olivaceous, and there are sometimes fuscous clouds in the same region, but nowhere distinct. Prosternal spine as in Ae. regalis. Tegmina much surpassing the abdomen in both sexes, at their broadest as broad as the metazona, beyond the subbasal enlarge- ment tapering very gradually, the tip rounded, fulvo-testaceous, flecked feebly, especially along the middle, with fuscous, the longitudinal veins interruptedly fuscous and pallid in the apical half; wings slightly shorter than the tegmina, moderately broad, distinctly less than twice as long as broad, the veins and cross-veins glaucous. Hind femora and tibiae precisely as in Ae. regalis. Supraanal plate of male trian- gular, with strongly sinuate sides and produced and rounded apex, with a basal, apically narrowing, moderately broad median sulcus, bounded by sharp but low walls and reaching halfway across the plate, and an oblique ridge on each side, as in Ae. regalis, but much less prominent; furcula indicated merely by a pair of thickenings of the inner angles of the mesially parted terminal dorsal segment; cerci as in Ae. regalis, but with the apical portion less slender and straighter; infracercal plate just shorter than the supraanal, concealed by the recumbent cerci; subapical tubercle of subgenital plate feebly proimi- nent, very blunt and rounded. Length of body, male, 24.5 mm., female, 26.5 mm.; antennae, male, 9 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 22 mm., female, 23 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.5 mm., female, 14 mm. One male, 4 females. California, Burrison (S. Henshaw). 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. This species is very closely allied to Ae. regalis, but has much longer tegmina, is slighter in form, has a less pronounced subapical tubercle to the male abdomen, and differs slightly in color and markings as well as in the abdominal appendages. 5. AEOLOPLUS CHENOPODII. (Plate V, fig. 9.) Pezotettix chenopodit BRUNER!, Ins, Life, VII (1894), pp. 41-42; Rep. St. Hort. Soc. Nebr., 1894 (1894), p. 163; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXXII (1894), pp. 12-13. Head varying from livid to wari testaceous, faintly, feebly, and sparsely punctate with brown, with mediodorsal and postocular stripes of black as in the neighboring species, the former generally broaden- ing posteriorly and thereafter inclosing a yellow thread; antennae - brownish yellow, pallid basally and infuscated apically; fastigium more or less shallowly suleate in its narrowest part, the frontal costa about as wide as the space between the eyes, equal, nearly fading out before reaching the eclypeus, and plane throughout. Pronotum testaceous, sometimes punctate with brown above, with a broad and posteriorly — broadening mediodorsal blackish stripe on the prozona, including a similarly widening testaceous thread or stripe; upper half or rather less of the lateral lobes of the prozona with a similar more or less distinct blackish brown belt, generally accompanied by a testaceous dot at the middle of the upper margin; hinder margin of the pronotum hardly angulate, but well rounded in a uniform curve; median carina slight on the metazona, wanting or rarely indicated on the prozona. Prosternal spine short, conical, rather blunt. Tegmina subovate, less than twice as long as broad, apically obliquely truncate in the female, not pointed, fuliginous, with crowded brownish and yellowish veins. Hind femora luteo-testaceous, with three broad, transverse angular bands of bluish black, which are but little confluent on the outer face and somewhat less conspicuous on the upper face, the genicular are black; hind tibiae pale glaucous (sometimes pink, according to Bruner) with the knee and a subbasal annulus pale yellow; the spines black with pallid base. Supraanal plate of male triangular with faintly sinuous sides and roundly pointed apex, the surface flat but with a pair of convergent, rather sharp, but only slightly elevated ridges, inclosing a rather narrow basal longitudinal suleus, not reach- ing the middle of the plate; there are besides two short, strongly oblique, blunt ridges on the basal half, fading at their extremities; fur- ecula wholly wanting; cerci moderately broad and compressed at base, tapering gradually and regularly over a little more than the basal half, beyond subequal, subecylindrical, but pointed, the apex scarcely incurved and extending scarcely beyond the supraanal plate; subapical tubercle of subgenital plate small, directed upward and backward, very short and bluntly conical as viewed from behind. wo. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 75 Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 20.5 mm.; antennae, maie, 6.5 mm., female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm., femaje, 3.75 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 10 mm. Two males, 2 females. Grand Junction, Mesa County, Colorado, June, L. Bruner. 6. AEOLOPLUS TURNBULLII. (Plate V, fig. 10.) Caloptenus turnbullit THOMAS!, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p. 452, pleim, tie: 105 Rep. U.S: Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 158; Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42.—GLoveEr, I]. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pl. x1, fig. 10.— ScuppDER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.—BrRuNER, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 60; Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., IV (1884), p. 58. Melanoplus turnbullii BRUNER, Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 189; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Se., III (1893), p. 28. Head varying from pallid testaceous to brownish testaceous, the genae sometimes clouded with fuscous; a broad blackish stripe, usually broadening posteriorly, extends from the front of the fastigium across the summit, nearly occupying the whole of the fastigium except the sides of the expanded portion and sometimes invading this; a broader band extends longitudinally behind the eyes; antennae pale salmon red, more or less deeply infuscated apically; fastigium not sulcate; frontal costa nearly or quite as broad as the narrowest space between the eyes, shallowly sulcate below the ocellus. Pronotum varying from -testaceous to dark brownish yellow, the metazona generally feebly infus- eated in parts, especially on the disk, the prozona and generally the front half of the metazona with a broad, obscurely bordered, blackish fuliginous, mesial stripe, sometimes including a yellowish thread; upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona similarly colored, forming a broad bar, which sometimes extends as a cloud upon the metazona; posterior margin obtusely angulate, the angle rounded; median carina on the metazona only. Prosternal spine conical or pyramidal, rather pointed, moderately long. Tegmina brown, variably flecked with dull yellowish, the basal portion of the anal vein often so marked, falling distinctly short of the tip of the abdomen, the costal margin somewhat but not greatly expanded beyond the base, beyond tapering regularly, the tip well rounded; wings at rest protruding slightly beyond the tegmina. Hind femora clay yellow, thrice broadly banded with blue black, the bands generally more or less blended on the outer face, the whole genicular are inky black; hind tibiae glaucous, suffused apically with pale yellow, and with a narrow subbasal yellowish annulus, the pallid spines black tipped, the tarsi clay yellow. Supraanal plate of male triangular, the apex acute and bluntly pointed, the sides nearly Straight, the surface feebly arched, with a basal, triangular, apically harrowing sulcus, which hardly extends to the middle of the plate and is bounded by sharp walls; a short, moderately sharp but low, oblique ridge starts from the outer base of the plate and runs a similar dis- 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, tance; furcula consisting of a pair of adjacent, obtusely angled, scarcely projecting, small lobes; cerci long and slender, fully as long as the supraanal plate, tapering not rapidly and on the basal half only, the apical half slender, a little compressed, slightly arcuate, and feebly downcurved apically; subapical tubercle of subgenital plate moderate, suberect, aS viewed from behind very bluntly conical. Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male, 7.25 mim., female, 7.8 mm.; tegmina, male, 10 mm., female, 13 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 12 mm. Nine males, 6 females. Yellowstone, Montana, October 9, C. V. Riley (U.S.N:M.); Sweetwater, Wyoming, Thomas (U.S.N.M., [No. 715]); Wyoming, Morrison (U.S.N.M.); Newcastle, Weston County, Wyo- ming (lL. Bruner); Gordon, Sheridan County, Nebraska, August (L. Bruner); Explorations in the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone, F. V. Hayden. The species was originally reported from “between Red Buttes and Independence Rock, Wyoming,” but it has since been recorded by Bruner (doubtless in some cases by mistake for some of the allied spe- cies here first separated) from Garden City, Finney County, Kansas, western Nebraska, Arizona, New Mexico, Montana and the Pacific Coast. According to Bruner, this species in the Yellowstone region “only feeds upon two species of plants, as nearly as I could ascertain by observation, viz., the ‘pigweed’ and a small greenish white plant of a similar nature. Those found on the pigweed are somewhat glaucous ycllow, while those feeding on the other plant are more of a whitish color, mingled with greenish blue instead of greenish yellow,” the color of the insects resembling to a considerable degree that of the plants. on which they feed. 7. AEOLOPLUS PLAGOSUS. (Plate Wi, figs 1.) Pezotettix plagosus ScuDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1877), p. 504; Can. Ent., XII (1889), p. 75. Brownish yellow marked with dark brown or brownish fuscous; especially noticeable is a dark mediodorsal stripe, extending from the middle of the vertex between the eyes, where it is not half so broad as the interspace, to or nearly to the posterior end of the pronotum, broadening as it goes, on the posterior half of the pronotum inelosing a median pale line and fading out before the end of the metazona; there is also a broad dark belt at the upper limit of the lateral lobes on the prozona, extending forward to the eyes and tading inferiorly; inter- space between the eyes slightly broader than the frontal costa, the fas- tigium broadly and rather shallowly suleate, the frontal costa equal, narrowly suleate below the ocellus. Pronotum broadening slightly posteriorly, the metazona punctate, the median carina distinet only No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. a i | here, the slight lateral carinae moderately abrupt and obtuse, the pos- terior border obtusely angulated, the angle rounded. Prosternal spine very short, straight, stout, pyramidal, pointed. Tegmina not much shorter than the abdomen, obscure brown, mottled with many pale and darker spots (due to the broken color of the veins), mostly arranged longitudinally in the median field; the costal field is broadly enlarged near the base, and beyond it the whole tapers nearly to the rounded tip; veins of the apical half of the preanal field of the wings dusky or blackish. Hind femora with two median, angulate, moderately broad, brownish fuscous bands, the are of the geniculation black; hind tibiae pale dull glaucous, pale at the base, the spines black-tipped. Supra- anal plate of male triangular, nearly as long as broad, flat, with a shallow median furrow of moderate width in the basal half and a slen- der mesial groove at apex; furcula consisting of a pair of minute, attingent, triangular lobes; cerci broad at base, rapidly tapering on the compressed, conical, basal half, very slender and nearly equal on the apical half, a little incurved at tip; subapical tubercle of subgeni- tal plate rather small, erect, appressed, bluntly conical as seen from behind. Length of body, male, 18.5 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male, 8 mm., female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 11 mm., female, 11.2 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 11.5 mm. One male, 1 female. Northern New Mexico, August to September, Lieutenant W. L. Carpenter. I have seen no other males of this species since its first description, but I have before me three new females, which from the greater brevity of their tegmina I am inclined to place here rather than in Ae. turnbullit (from which the females at least are with difficulty separated), and which come from Colorado (Cation City, Fremont County, Morrison and Uhler.—U.S.N.M. [No. 716]). The specimen collected by Morrison was obtained on the plains at an elevation of 5,000 feet, and is almost wholly grass-green with the lighter parts yellowish green. 8. AEOLOPLUS UNIFORMIS, new species. (Plate VI, Fig. 2.) The color of the only specimens seen are probably changed somewhat from their having been killed in spirits and are now of a light dead-leaf color; probably in life they were uniformly testaceous, with perhaps a greenish tinge. The pronotum shows, at least on the prozona, signs of a broad, paler, mediodorsal band, and a similar band on the middle of the lateral lobes; the outer face of the hind femora shows indications of a pair of dusky transverse bands, mesial and extramesial, and the apical half or more of the hind tibial spines are black. The fastigium of the vertex is scarcely in the least impressed, excepting at its very base between the eyes; the frontal costa has a row of puncta on either side, 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. removed from the margin, and below the ocellus it is narrowed, sulcate, and fails to reach the clypeal suture. Prozona feebly and sparsely, metazona densely and rather strongly, punctate on the disk, the for- mer anteriorly with a submarginal transverse series of more distinet puncta, becoming mesially a double series; the posterior sulcus of the prozona swerves broadly backward and is completely continuous; that in front of it is rather short, not infringing on the lateral lobes, rigidly transverse and feebly continuous. Supraanal plate of male triangular, with almost straight lateral margins, subacuminate apex, fully as long as broad, with a pair of submedian, subparallel, rather elevated ridges, fading posteriorly, inclosing a deep median sulcus; fureula consisting only of a rather distinct but obtuse angle on either side of a rectangu- lar median emargination of the last dorsal segment; cerci very slender (slenderer than appears by the figure), as long as the supraanal plate, tapering considerably in the basal half, equal and very feebly incurved in the apical half, apically blunt; infracercal plates rather broad, hardly narrowing apically, shorter than the infraanal plate. Length of body, male, 17.25 mm., female, 18.5 mm.; antennae, male, 7 mm., female, 5.7 mm.; tegmina, male, 16 mm., female, 9 mm.; hind femora, male, 8.3 mm., female, 10.2 mm. One male, 1 female. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona, E. Palmer; Truckee Valley, Nevada, R. Ridgway. The tegmina are considerably larger than the abdomen in the male from Arizona; somewhat shorter than the abdomen in the female from Nevada. Iam not at all confident that the two belong together, and my description is therefore based almost wholly upon the male. g. AEOLOPLUS ARIZONENSIS, new species. (Plate VI, fig. 3.) Hesperotettix viridis ScUDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p. 506; Ann. Rep. Geol. Geogr. Sury. 100th mer., 1876 (1876), p. 286. Uniform in coloring throughout, and probably testaceous (all speci- mens seen have been immersed in alcohol), except that the transverse sulei of the pronotum appear to have been marked with black or fus- cous, there are some slight fuscous markings on the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona, the tegmina are clouded and obscurely dotted with fuscous, the hind femora are sometimes twice barred with fuscous and have a large fuscous lunule on the geniculation, and the tibial spines are black tipped. The eyes of the male are tolerably prominent; the fastigium, except at apex, is distinctly and uniformly but not deeply sulcate; the frontal costa is subequal, depressed at but not suleate below the ocellus, percurrent. Prozona punctate above only in the submarginal sulcus; metazonua densely and rather strongly punctate; posterior sulcus of the prozona oblique on either side, making a very open rounded angle mesially, and pereurrent, while that next in front of it is occasionally subobliterated mesially. Tegmina considera- ‘No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 79 bly longer than the abdomen in the male, nearly or quite as long as the abdomen in the female. Supraanal plate of male subtriangular, with a slight, rounded, lobiform, apical prolongation, the surface nearly flat, with a slight, rather broad median sulcus on the basal half or more; furcula consisting of a pair of very slightly projecting but moderately large, rounded, attingent lobes; cerci compressed more than commonly in this genus, broad at base, tapering pretty regularly in the basal two- thirds, mostly by the excision of the upper side, beyond equal, apically bluntly rounded, scarcely incurved; infracereai plates apically narrow, nearly as long as the supraanal plate. Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, mnale, 7.75 mm., female, 7.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 16.25 mm., female, 16 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.1 mm., female, 11.75 mm. Five males, 4 females. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona; Mohave Desert, Loew (U.S.N.M. [No. 717]). This species differs slightly from Ae. uniformis in markings, but more in the sculpture of the face and of the male abdominal appendages, which are very distinct in the basal breadth of the cerci and the flat- ness of the supraanal plate. 10. AEOLOPLUS OCULATUS, new species. (Plate VI, fig. 4.) Pale yellowish testaceous, uniform, the only variations from it being in the pale reddish antennae, chocolate brown eyes, the faint, fuscous, crowded, and delicate punctuation of the submarginal suleus of the prozona and of the whole of the metazona, the bluish main rays of the wings, the feeble, plumbeo-fuscous, sagittate banding of the hind femora, the narrow purplish crescent of the genicular lobes and the very pale purplish hind tibiae, the spines of which are yellowish in the basal, black in the apical half. The eyes of the male are very large and prominent, the fasti gium pretty deeply and rather narrowly suleate between the eyes, the frontal costa moderately broad, subequal, nowhere sulcate, and rather indistinctly percurrent. Posterior sulcus of the prozona swerving backward mesially to form a very broad W, and yet in the middle much nearer the sulcus in front than that behind; sulcus in front of it percurrent, straight, but angularly bent forward laterally. Tegmina considerably longer than the abdomen in the male. Supra- anal plate of male triangular, with the apex slightly produced and rounded, nearly flat, with a rather broad and shallow median sulcus, suddenly narrowed and almost immediately terminated in the middle of the plate, the margins sharply defined; furcula consisting of a pair of juxtaposed, small, rounded lobes, scarcely perceptible by any projec- tion; cerci broad at base and equal on basal fifth, but in the next two fifths rapidly tapering, almost entirely by the falling slope of the upper Side, beyond subequal, bluntly pointed, longer than the supraanal plate 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXsa and feebly compressed basally, scarcely incurved; infracercal plate as long as the supraanal by the apical prolongation of the narrowing plate. Length of body, male, 17 mm.; antennae, 6 mm.; tegmina, 15 mm.; _ hind femora, 9.25 mm. One male. Mohave, Arizona, Wickham (L. Bruner). In details of structure this species closely resembles Ae. arizonensis, — but is remarkable for its compressed form and its large and prominent — eyes, in which points it exceeds even that species. 19. BRADYNOTES: (Spadvyv@, to loiter.) Bradynotes SCUDDER, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 76. Body stout, compact, heavy, generally, and especially in the female, very broad at the metathorax. Head stout, slightly broader below than above, the genae full; eyes separated by a wide space, wider and generally much wider than the broad frontal costa; front well rounded, vertical, the frontal costa prominent, broad, and generally somewhat sulcate, at least above; antennae slender for such bulky insects, equal, shorter and generally much shorter than the hind femora. Thorax very stout, the pronotum very short, not covering the whole of the meso- notum, truncate at either extremity, the metazona only about half as long as the prozona and rugulose, while the prozona is smooth; lateral lobes sometimes separated from the dorsum by distinet rugae. Pro- sternal spine very much abbreviated, becoming in the female a mere blunt tubercle, and in the male very short and conical; mesostethium and metastethium together, in both sexes, but particularly in the female, no longer or scarcely longer than broad; the interspace between the mesosternal lobes wide in both sexes, but showing a remarkable degree of variation quite unknown in any other ot the genera of Melanopli; the metasternal lobes distant, sometimes very distant, in the female, approximate or moderately distant in the male. Tegmina and wings altogether wanting. Fore and middle femora of male tumid; hind femora (excepting in B. hispida) rather short, moderately stout, reach- ing beyond the abdomen in the male, but generally not in the female, the upper carina smooth. Terminal abdominal joints of the female short, with slightly exserted ovipositor, making the tip blunt, as in Oedaleonotus and Aeoloplus, but perhaps to a greater degree; abdo- men of male apically clavate, upturned, the subgenital plate long and tumid, without apical tubercle; furcula absent or (in one species) rep- resented by feeble lobes; cerci simple, conical, straight. B. obesa (Thomas) is the type. This somewhat remarkable genus is, so far as known, confined to the extreme northwestern United States, but will probably be found also ~ in British Columbia. It extends from the Pacific to Montana and Wyoming, and has so far been reported only north of the latitude of © No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 81 39°. Excepting the monotypic Beomoplus: found in fhe. same region, and some of the genera peculiar to the South, no other genus of Melanopli has so limited a range. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BRADYNOTES. _ A’. Interspace between the eyes not much greater than the least width of the trontal costa; hind femora fully three times aslong as pronotum and relatively slender; last dorsal segment of male abdomen with slight lobes for fureula.... 1. hispida (p. 81). A®. Interspace between the eyes nearly twice the least width of the frontal costa: hind femora distinctly less than three times as long as pronotum and relatively stout; last dorsal segment of male abdomen quite unarmed. b'. Interspace between mesosternal lobes not (male) or at most a little (female) wider than the lobes themselves, the metasternal lobes varying from subcontiguous to a little more than half as distant as the mesosternal (male), or from more than half to nearly as distant as the mesosternal lobes (female); male cerci about as long as the supraanal plate. c', Interspace between mesosternal lobes scarcely more than half the width of the lobes themselves (male) or not wider than they (female), the metasternal lobes subcontiguous (male) ; last segment of male abdomen not greatly upturned. d‘. Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male scarcely more than half the width of the lobes themselves, the metasternal interspaces in the female hardly more than half as broad as the mesosternal..-..--... 2. caurus (p. 83). ad. Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male almost as wide as the lobes, the metasternal interspace in the female fully three-quarters that of the meso- “Lt CIDE See Se ee Oe ee eae ee ee es 3. expleta (p. 84). @. Interspace between mesosternal lobes about equal to the width of the lobes themselves (male) or a little wider (female), the metasternal lobes moderately distant (male) or fully three-fourths as wide as the mesosternal interspace (female); last segment of male abdomen considerably upturned. Peedi piaemw holly coralereds-s225---—0- 925 5-o55s- conn 4. pinguis (p. 85). d*. Hind tibiae red only on apical half. e'. Relatively large. No great contrast in color between upper and lower half of lateral lobes of pronotum, the lower portion not being very light; dark cross bands of hind femora crossing only the inner, not (or obscurely) the outer half of the upper surface; outer face almost uniformly dark. 5. obesa (p. 87). e’. Relatively small. The darker superior half of lateral lobes of pronotum strongly contrasted with the lighter inferior half; dark cross bands of hind femora crossing both inner and outer half of upper surface, the outer face broken in color by their continuation................-... 6. referta (p. 88). b?. Interspace between mesosternal lobes considerably wider than (male) or twice as wide as (female) the lobes themselves, the metasternal lobes nearly as distant; male cerci not half so long as the supraanal plate ............-... 7. satur (p. 89). 1. BRADYNOTES HISPIDA. (Plate VI, fig. 5.) Pezotettix hispidus BRUNER!, Can. Ent., XVII, 1885, pp. 12-14. _ Body moderately stout, very slightly compressed, but little enlarged in the metathoracic region, even in the female, feebly pilose. Head full, the vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes not bmuch greater than the least mith of the frontal costa, the fastigium considerably declivent, slightly expanding apically, broadly sulcate, Proc. N. M. vol. xx. 6 | | 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. anteriorly punctate in the male, the lateral margins moderately prom- inent but rounded; frontal costa moderately broad, a little broader than the basal joint of the antennae, subequal, sulcate below the ocel- lus and sparsely punctate; eyes moderately large, more prominent in the male than in the female, about as long as the infraocular portion — of the genae, anteriorly truncate, especially in the female; antennae — a little more (male) or a little less (female) than half as long again as head and pronotum together. Pronotum subequal, in the female feebly constricted in the middle and slightly broadened posteriorly; metazona less than half as long as the prozona, the posterior sulcus of the latter as distinct as the anterior which divides it in the middle, all the sulci cutting the slight and equal median carina; posterior mare gin truncate or very faintly and broadly emarginate; mesonotum fully half (male) or distinetly less than half (female) as long as the meta- notum. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes a little cuneiform, about as large as (male) or a little larger than (female) the slightly transverse lobes; interspace between the metasternal lobes much less than half (male) or considerably more than half (female) the width of the mesosternal interspace. Fore and middle femora of male consid- erably but not greatly inflated; hind femora slender, twice as long as head and pronotum together. Abdomen relatively slender, with a sharp but’ slight median carina, the extremity scarcely enlarged in the male (as viewed from above) and but gently upturned; supraanal plate of ale shield shaped, the proximal half of the lateral margins ridged and the broad median sulcus margined with prominent ridges, higher in the proximal than the distal half; furcula consisting of a pair of small, moderately distant beads; cerci as long as the supra- anal plate, subconical, but tapering much more rapidly in the basal than the apical half, the tip very feebly down-curved; infracercal plate of either side large, sulcate, much exposed, nearly meeting its mate, and extending slightly beyond the supraanal plate. The body is brownish ochraceous, heavily banded with blackish brown, the proportions of the two varying somewhat. The head (excepting the vertex and a broad stripe behind the eyes which are blackish brown) and the fore and middle legs are dirty ochraceous, darker in the female than in the male, with an olivaceous tinge, and the same color is found on the whole under surface of the body and the lower half or less of the lateral lobes of the pronotum; the broad dark band behind the eyes continues across the upper half of the lateral lobes and the whole of the abdomen, bordered above by an ochraceous stripe, which begins between the eyes, bordering their upper margin, and con- tinues to the end of the abdomen, often becoming duller in color as it approaches the extremity and is more narrowly separated from its mate; sometimes the intervening dark stripe, which occupies most of the vertex of the head, and is always broader anteriorly than posteri- orly, is interrupted at the metazona and on the meso- and metanota, so that the lighter bands here unite. Hind femora varying from brownish ~ 0. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. CO is) to yellowish fuscous, feebly clouded, especially above, with fuscous in the middle and in the middle of the distal half, the under and inner surfaces more or less deeply tinged with coral red; hind tibiae and tarsi fusco-luteous, only the apical half or less of the spines blackish or brown. Length of body, male, 18.5 mm., female, 2l mm.; antennae, male, 9.5 mm., female, 10.5 mm.; pronotum, male, 3.6 mm., female, 4.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.75 mm., female, 12.5 mm. One male, 3 females. Colville Valley, eastern Washington, July 24 (L. Bruner; Museum Comparative Zoology). In the exceptional length of the hind femora, the feeble metathoracic enlargement of the body, aud the development of the furcula, as well as in some minor features, this is the most aberrant species of the genus. 2. BRADYNOTES CAURUS, new species. (Plate VI, fig. 6.) Bradynotes opimus BRUNER!, Can. Ent., X VIT (1885), p. 15. Body similar in shape and clothing to Bb. hispida. Head full, the vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes twice as great as the least width of the frontal costa, the fastigium strongly declivent, narrowing rather than expanding anteriorly, broadly but shallowly suleate, the lateral margins rather prominent but rounded; frontal costa rather broad, much broader than, sometimes twice as broad as, the basal joint of the antennae, generally a little sulcate throughout, especially in the male, punctate at the margins; eyes not very large, scaicely more prominent in the male than in the female, about as long as the infraocular portion of the genae, anteriorly truncate particularly in the female; antennae a little longer (male) or a little shorter (female) than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum subequal, expand- ing posteriorly a very little, especially in the female; metazona half (female) or slightly less than half (male) as long as the prozona, the sulei of the latter equally indistinct, and neither of them cutting the median carina, which is nearly obliterated on the prozona, especially in the female; posierior nargin as in B. hispida; mesonotum more than half (male) or less, sometimes much less, than half (female) as long as the metanotum. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes as wide (female) or hardly more than half as wide (male) as the lobes themselves, the metasternal lobes subcontiguous (male) or half as distant as the meso. sternal (female). Fore and middle femora of male somewhat inflated; hind femora short but not very stout, hardly half as long again as head and pronotum together. Abdomen relatively rather slender with a slight and blunt median carina, the extremity scarcely enlarged in the male, as viewed from above, and but gently upturned. Supraanal plate of male subtriangular with rounded apex, about equally long and broad, tumid by reason of a pair of very coarse, elevated, rounded ridges, with a 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. very deep basal sulcus between them; fureula absent; cerci i slightly longer than the supraanal plate, sabeonneal, faintly compressed, a little downcurved apically, tapering with regularity; infracereal plates — inconspicuous. 4 30dy griseo fuscous, mottled, the face and inferior surface of body — sordid brownish yellow, teebly punctate with fuscous. Vertex and fastigium brownish fuscous, the lateral margins of the latter feebly enlivened with orange, and the former mottled or streaked with livid brown. Both thorax and abdomen are heavily mottled with blackish fuscous, much more heavily in some individuals than in others, which is apt to be conspicuous in a pair of subdorsal bands, sometimes con- fined to the posterior edges of the segments, and to leave a narrow lighter dorsal stripe between them; the lower portion of the lateral lobes of the pronotuin is always lighter than the upper half, which is often marked by a more or less distinct, sometimes abbreviated, broad black or blackish band, generally deeper in tint on its inferior half. Hind femora blackish fuscous feebly clouded with dull yellowish, the whole under surface and under portion of its outer face clay yellow; hind tibiae light coral red (male) or dark coral red on apical half and extreme base, passing into purplish red on the basal half (female), the spines blackish on their apical half at most. Length of body, male, 16.75 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male, female, 6.5 mm.; pronotum, male, 3.65 mm., female, 4.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11.75 min. Two males, 6 Soper ae Yakima River opposite Biloustuin Kittitas County, Washington, July 8-9 (Museum Conan Zoology; U.S.N.M. [No. 718]); Camp Umatilla, Washington, June 27 (Museum eal Zoology); Oregon City, Clackamas Coenta Oregon, July, MiG. VV. Earford: 3. BRADYNOTES EXPLETA, new species. (Plate VI, fig. 7.) Body similar in shape and clothing to B. hispida, except that it is relatively a trifle stouter at the metathorax, especially in the female. Head broad and full, the vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes nearly or quite twice as great as the least width of the frontal costa, the fastigium strongly declivent, shallowly suleate, the lateral margins rather prominent, especially in the male, but rounded; frontal costa rather broad, considerably broader than the basal joint of the antennae, feebly suleate if at all, and sparsely punctate, especially at the margins; eyes as in B. caurus (antennae more or less broken in all specimens seen). Pronotum regularly expanding posteriorly, very slightly in the male, distinctly but not greatly in the female; metazona about half as long as the prozona, the sulci of the former equally but feebly impressed, all cutting the feeble median carina, which is obso- lescent on the prozona in the female; mesonotum nearly half (female) or os REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER, 85 much less than half (male) as long as the metanotum. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes almost as broad as the lobes themselves (male, female), the metasternal lobes slightly distant (male) or fully three-fourths as distant as the mesosternal lobes (female). Femora as in B. caurus. Abdomen relatively slender, compressed, with a distinct but not prominent median carina, the extremity in the male slightly enlarged, as seen from above, and somewhat upturned; terminal appendages of male differing from those of 5. cawrus only in that the supraanal plate is a little more pointed, and the cerci coarser, a trifle shorter, more bluntly tipped, and not curved downward so much apically. Body brownish fuscous above, sordid yellow below. Face livid brown, flecked with fuscous points; the ridged margins of the fastigium coral red, at least in the male; behind the eyes, in front of the position for the lateral carinae of the pronotum, is the beginning of a slender and feeble yellowish stripe, which crosses interruptedly to the pronotum and is there lost; below it, the upper half of the lateral lobes are dark brown, almost blackish, at least on the prozona, while below the lobes are much lighter colored. The abdomen is more or less flecked, espe- cially laterally, at the posterior margins of the segments with testaceous, and there is a more or less conspicuous or broken piceous lateral band on the basal half of the abdomen. The hind femora are colored as in Bb. caurus, but the hind tibiae are coral red in the male, sordid yellow apically tinged with red in the female, feebly incurved, the spines black tipped. Lower external half of anal cerci of male distinctly darker than the upper. Length of body, male, 16.25 mm., female, 28 mm.; pronotum, male, 4mm., female, 4.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 8.25 min., female, 14 mm. Two males,1 female. Easton, Kittitas County, Washington (U.S.N.M. [No. 719]). This species is very closely allied indeed to B. caurus. 4. BRADYNOTES PINGUIS, new species. (Plate VI, fig.8.) Body stout and clumsy, considerably enlarged in the metathoracie region, especially in the female, weakly and briefly pilose. Head full, the vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes broad, about twice the breadth of the narrowest part of the frontal costa, the fastig- ium strongly declivent, considerably but broadly sulcate, its lateral margins ridged, continuous with the sometimes elevated, always dark- colored borders of the frontal costa; thelatter broad, much broader than the basal joint of the antennae, variably sulcate, punctate but sparsely except on the margins; eyes rather large, more prominent in the male than in the female, equally truncate anteriorly in the two sexes, as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae somewhat longer (male) or a trifle shorter (female) than head and pronotum together. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Pronotum regularly, and in the female considerably, enlarging posteri-— orly, with distinct (male) or indistinct (female) lateral carinae on the — prozona, which is twice (male) or almost twice (female) as long as the — metazona, its sulci approximated and equally distinct, but not so dis- | tinct as that separating the pro- and metazona and, We. it, not cut- ting the median carina, which is yet often subobsolete on the prozona and especially on its posterior half, particularly in the female; exposed portion of mesonotum about half (male) or hardly more than.a fourth (female) as long as the metanotum. Interspace between the meso- sternal lobes three-fourths (male) or fully (female) as wide as the lobes themselves, the metasternal interspace half (male) or three-fourths (female) the width of the mesosternal interspace. Fore and middle_ femora pretty strongly inflated and arcuate in the male, the hind femora stout and heavy, hardly if at all more than half as long again as head and pronotum combined, the hind tibiae stout. Abdomel stout, tapering and then apically enlarged and considerably upturned in the male; supraanal plate of male triangular, shorter than its basal breadth, with a pair of broad, gently tumid ridges, which unite into a single median ridge, leaving between them in the basal half a shallow suleus; fureula wanting; cerci as long as the supraanal plate, sub- conical, slightly compressed, tapering a little more rapidly in basal than in apical half, rather blunt at tip, straight throughout; infracereal plate much shorter than the supraanal, scarcely perceptible. Body brownish fuscous above much marked with clay yellow, beneath almost wholly clay yellow, more or less infuscated in the female. The head is more or less obscure yellow, the vertex at summit brownish fus- cous, limited at most to a narrow median and two equally narrow sub- median streaks, the latter continued along the marginal ridges of the fastigium down the sides of the frontal costa, but at the apical third of the fastigium more or less interrupted by or suffused with dull red; the antennae are yellow at base, gradually passing into fuscous. On the dorsum of the thorax and the front at least of the abdomen, the fuscous is more or less obscurely punctate or flecked with yellowish, and along the median line of the abdomen there is a distinct yellowish stripe begin- ning on the meso- and metanota as a mere thread; the prevailing tint of the lateral lobes of the pronotum is yellowish, but there is a more or less distinct blackish fuscous oblique bar on the prozona just above the middle, merging posteriorly in the general obscurity of the metazona; there is a distinct broad blackish fuscous oblique band crossing the meso- and metapleura, and the middle of the sides of the basal abdomi- nal segments are piceous. The fore and middle legs are fusco-luteous; the hind femora yellowish, more or less obscured with fuscous and spotted with fuscous on the inner upper face and the outer face, which is generally almost black along its upper half; hind tibiae and tarsi coral red, brighter in the male than in the female, the external series of spines yellow with black apices. The sides of the supraanal plate of 10. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. . 87 the male show a black stripe, and the cerci, mesially yellow, are obscured with fuscous both above and below. Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 25.5 mm.; antennae, male, $8 min., female, 9 mm.; pronotum, male, 4.75 mm., female, 5.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 12.5 mm., female, 14.25 mm. Five males, 2 females. Washington, Morrison (U.S.N.M. [No. 720)); Reno, Washoe County, Nevada, Hillman (L. Bruner). Other specimens of Morrison’s collecting in the collection of Mr. S. Henshaw were labeled by Morrison as coming from North Carolina, but of course by mistake; in all probability they came from Washington; he collected in both these States. 5. BRADYNOTES OBESA. (Plate VI, fig. 9.) Pezotettix obesus THomas!, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), pp. 454— 455, pl. 11, figs. 13, 14.—GLOVER, Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pl. n, figs. 13, 14.—Tuomas!, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p.146; Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Se., I (1876), p.259.—STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 15. Bradynotes obesa SCUDDER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), pp. 75-76. Bradynotes opimus SCUDDER!, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., II (1881), app., p. 24. Body wholly similar in form and clothing to that of Bb. pinguis, or it is even stouter in the metathoracic region in the female. Head not differing essentially from B. pinguis, and eyes and antennae with the same structure. Pronotum with similar but rather less distinct and continuous lateral carinae; metazona half (male) or distinctly less than half (female) the length of the prozona, the two sulci of the latter approximated, the hinder of them less distinct than the anterior, which is as well marked as that separating the prozona from the metazoua, but neither traverse the median carina, which is equal and distinct though slight throughout; exposed portion of mesonotum half (male) or much less than half (female) as long as the metanotum. Sternal interspaces as in B. pinguis, as also the femora. Abdomen stout, with a more or less distinct median carina, in the male tapering and then apically enlarging and upturned; supraanal plate of male tri- angular, as long as its basal breadth, otherwise as in B. pinguis; fur- cula absent; cerci as long as the supraanal plate, straight, tapering regularly in the basal three-fifths, beyond equal or subequal, blunt tipped; infracercal plates blunt tipped, reaching the tip of the supraanal plate. General color blackish griseous, more or less flecked with brown. Face and genae below the eyes varying from pale to pinkish livid, punc- tate with black, especially below, and divided by black stripes following the edges of the frontal costa and the lateral carinae of the face and also, generally, the arcuate posterior carinae of the genae, and an oblique line of punctures subparallel to it below the middle of the genae; summit of head with a median and a pair of arcuate lateral narrow black stripes, 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. X the former the darker, the latter extending upon the lateral margins o the fastigium, on the anterior part of which they are supplanted by red; antennae testaceous near the base, blackish beyond. Prozona with a large central blackish spot ou the disk, inclosing a pair of testaceous dots, laterally disposed; anterior and posterior margins of the pronotum, especially in the female, occasionally enlivened feebly with red; lateral lobes lighter below than above, speckled, with a broad, somewhat — broken, black median band crossing the prozona. Abdomen varying — from grizzly to blackish, the posterior edges of the segments dotted with minute longitudinal spots, and some of the posterior segments marked with a central, triangular, testaceous spot, seated on the pos- terior border. Hind femora with the outer face generally altogether : black, occasionally lighter and marked with a central, oblique, pale dash — above; upper and lower faces pale testaceous, the inner side of the — upper face with a pair of black bars; hind tibiae deep purplish at base (with the basal outer tubercle deep red) passing into deep red beyond the middle, the under surface clay yellow; the spines of the basal half pale, of the apical half reddish, all black tipped. Male cerci clay yellow, edged below with blackish; supraanal plate yellow mesially, blackish laterally. Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 9.5 mm., female, 10.5 mm.; pronotum, male, 5.5 mm., female, 5 mm.; hind femora, male and female, 12.25 mm. Thirteen males, 20 females. Sierra Nevada, July 17-22, Baron Osten- Sacken; Mount Shasta, northern California, at forest line, A. S. Pack- ard; Siskiyou County, California (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection) ; southern Montana, C. Thomas (U.S.N.M. [ No. 721]); Montana (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Helena, Montana (lL. Bruner); Humboldt River, Nevada, August, 8. W. Burrison (S. Henshaw). It is also credited by Thomas to Wind River, Wyoming; to a point 40 miles from Virginia City, Montana, at a height of 5,000 feet; and to the dividing ridge between Idaho and southern Montana. Since describing B. opimus, I have been able to compare it with the types of Thomas’s Pezotettix obesus and find they are not distinct. The species is very close to B. pinguis, but differs from it in its markings, particularly in its darker antennae, its much less developed median abdominal stripe and its differently colored hind tibiae, and also in the more continuous and more developed median carina on pronotum and abdomen, and the slightly differing abdominal appendages of the male. It is evidently the commonest and most widely spread of the species of Bradynotes. 6. BRADYNOTES REFERTA, new species. (Plate VI, fig. 10.) 30dy similar in form to that of B. hispida, but with excessively sparse and feeble pilosity. Head full, the vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes twice as broad as the narrowest part of the frontal No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 89 costa, the fastigium declivent, shallowly suleate, with elevated rounded ‘margins, continuous with the slightly elevated margins of the upper part of the frontal costa. The latter broad, subequal, feebly broaden- ing below, much broader than the basal joint of the antennae, feebiy sulcate in the male, and sparsely punctate; eyes not very large, slightly more prominent, and anteriorly slightly less truncate in the male than in the female; antennae about as long as (female) or a little longer than (male) the head and pronotum together. Pronotum subequal, but slightly enlarging posteriorly, especially in the female, with the faintest possible indications of lateral carinae in the male, the metazona, espe- cially in the male, fully half as long as the prozona, the sulci of the latter scarcely less distinct than the principal sulcus, and similar, cut- ting the median carina, which is often but not always obsolete between the sulei and sometimes over the whole prozona; exposed portion of mesonotum fully half (female) or less than half (male) as long as the metanotum. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes fully equal to the lobes themselves (male, female), the metasternal interspace half (male) or much more than half (female) as wide as tie mesosternal. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora moderately stout, about two and a half times as long as the pronotum. Abdomen with a distinet median carina, a little compressed, in the male tapering from the base, scarcely enlarged apically, but considerably upturned; supraanal plate of male fully as long as its basal breadth, dorsally ridged asin B. obesa; no furcula; cerci slightly longer than the supraanal plate, slightly compressed but externally tumid, tapering on the basal half, the apical subequal, moderately stout, slightly down- curved and rounded at the extremity; infracercal plates produced on the inner side nearly to the extremity of the supraanal plate. General color and markings much as in B. obesa, but with lighter col- ored antennae, and with the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pro- notum very dark, generally forming a distinct broad band in marked contrast to the lower half of the same, and in the female in contrast to the somewhat lighter griseous disk of the pronotum, the band crossing the metazona as well as the prozona. There is no red coloring upon the pronotum. Hind femora and tibiae as well as abdominal appendages similar in color to B. obesa, but the hind femora more variable. Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 20.25 mm.; antennae, male, 7.5 mm., female, 7 mm.; pronotum, male, 4 mm., female, 4.1 mm.; hind fem- ora, male, 10 mm., female, 10.25 mm. Two males, 3 females. Soldier, Logan County, Idaho (L. Bruner); mountains near Lake Tahoe, California, Captain Wheeler’s expedition of 1876, 7. BRADYNOTES SATUR, new species. (Plate VII, fig. 1.) Body entirely similar to B. pinguis in form and vestiture. Head full, the vertex scarcely (male) or considerably (female) tamid, the inter- space between the eyes much greater than the narrowest part of the 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. frontal costa, but not nearly twice so broad, the fastigium very strongly declivent, sulcate, with prominent lateral ridges which apically diverge slightly; frontal costa broad, considerably broader than the basal joint of the antennae, not constricted above, more or less suleate, especially in the male, fading just below the ocellus, and very feebly punctate; eyes not very large, more prominent in the male than in the female, and roundly truneate anteriorly, alike in both sexes, but only in the male as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae consid- erably longer (male) or somewhat shorter (female) than head and pro- notum together. Pronotum regularly enlarged posteriorly, a little more in the female than in the male, with no trace of lateral carinae, the pro- zona fully twice (male) or nearly thrice (female) as long as the metazona, its approximated sulci similar to but less distinct than the principal suleus, and like it continuous, the median carina hardly existing except on the metazona, where it is feeble; exposed part of mesonotum about half as long as the metanotum (male, female), the posterior border of the latter slightly (male) or distinctly (female) emarginate. Interspace between mesosternal lobes considerably wider than (male) or twice as wide as (female) the lobes themselves, the metasternal interspace nearly as great. Fore and middle femora very slightly tumid in the male, the hind femora moderately slender, nearly two and a half times as long as the pronotum. Abdomen stout with a distinet but slight median carina in the male, tapering on the basal half, hardly enlarging apically but considerably upturned; supraanal plate of male small, triangularly shield-shaped, broader than long, apically angulate, with an unimpor: tant suleate median ridge on basal half meeting a transverse ridge, beyond which it is depressed; no furcula; cerci very short, conical, blunt, not reaching beyond the middle of the supraanal plate; infra- cereal plates large, mesially ridged, reaching as far as the supraanal plate. Body griseo-fuscous, flecked and tinted with sordid luteo-fuscous, lighter beneath, darker above. The vertex and mesial parts of the fas- tigium are fuscous, the lateral ridges of the latter lighter colored, but without a trace of red. The lower half of the lateral lobes of the pro- notum are as light as the under surface, and the upper half as dark as any other part of the body, so as to form a taint dark band, but the contrasts are not great; the meso- and metanota, and the posterior borders of the abdominal segments are nearly black; the antennae are sordid Iuteous at the base, fuscous beyond. Hind femora externally clouded and feebly twice banded obliquely with fuscous; hind tibiae very dull luteous, clouded apically with fuscous in the female, the spines black or brown tipped. Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male, 7.25 mmn., female, 8 mm.; pronotum, male, 3.25 mm., female, 4.6 mm.; hind femora, male, 8.5 mm., female, 11.5 mm. One male, 1 female. Placer County, California, September (U.S.N.M. [No. 722].—Riley collection). ic: REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 91 This species is remarkable for the slenderness of the fore and middle femora of the male and the brevity of the cerci, exposing so fully the infracereal plates; it has considerably longer hind legs than B. referta, which 1t most resembles in general appearance. Z2OV DENDROTETTLX. (Aévépor, a tree; rérrif, a grasshopper. ) Dendrotettix RILEY, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I (1888), p. 86—name only; Ins. Life, V (1893), pp. 254-255. Body stout, compact, transversely subquadrate, thinly pilose. Head large, broad, a little prominent, with the eyes fully as wide, at least in the male, as the length of the lateral carinae of the metazona, the sum- mit well arched, raised a little above the level of the pronotum, the fastigium rapidly descending and forming an obtuse angle with the very straight and slightly receding face; eyes rather small but very promi- nent in both sexes, nearly as broad as Jong and no longer (female) or scarcely longer (male) than the anterior infraocular portion of the genae; interspace between the eyes exceptionally broad, in the female nearly as broad as the upper aspect of the eyes; fastigium feebly con- vex as far as the front margin of the eyes, in front of which it is depressed; frontal costa only moderately broad, much narrower than the interspace between the eyes, obsolescent below the ocellus, owing to the breadth of the face, the lateral carinae are more than usually divergent; antennae slender, long, about half as long as the body, even in the female. Pronotum feebly subsellate, the anterior margin flaring to receive the head, and the metazona both expanding and having its dorsum raised at a slight angle with the prozona; front margin slightly convex; hind margin slightly more convex, feebly emarginate, even in the macropterous forms; disk of prozona feebly convex transversely, of metazona plane, passing with a distinct angle into the vertical lateral lobes, more distinct on metazona than on prozona, so that, at least on the metazona, there are distinct lateral carinae, besides a well-defined percurrent, median carina; prozona smooth excepting its subrugose anterior margin, subtransverse, half as long again as the punctato- rugulose metazona, cut rather deeply in the middle by a straight traus- verse sulcus, followed at less than half the distance to the metazona by a still deeper, scarcely arcuate, percurrent sulcus, from which there runs backward, on the middle of either side, a short impressed line, Prosternal spine stout, erect, conical; meso- and metastethia together distinctly longer than broad in both sexes, rapidly narrowing behind, so that the portion posterior to the metasternal lobes is only about half the greatest width of the metastethium; interval between the meso- sternal lobes in both sexes distinctly transverse, broader than the lobes themselves; metasternal lobes rather distant (male) or distant (female), at least as widely separated as the breadth of the frontal costa. Tegmina fully developed or abbreviate, their inner edges in neither 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.. VOL. XX, case attingent at the base, at least in the female, in macropterous forms of exceptional breadth, especially in the distal half, broadly rounded apically, in micropterous forms no longer than the pronotum, well rounded apically.'. Fore and middle femora a little tumid in the male; hind femora not very long nor stout, subcompressed; hind tibiae with — nine to eleven, usually ten, spines in the outer series; arolium of un- usual size. Extremity of the male abdomen not clavate, but upturned and bluntly rounded, the lateral margins of the subgenital plate strongly ampliate at the base, the plate itself of unequal and of narrow breadth, well rounded apically; cerci short, a little torqueate, apically depressed; furcula obscure; ovipositor normally exserted. A single species occurs from Illinois to Texas, a tree-inhabiting species, living upon oaks. DENDROTETTIX QUERCUS. (Plate VI, fig. 2.) Dendrotettix quercus RILEY !, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I (1888), p. 86 [undescribed ].— Packarpb,- Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., V (1890), pp. 214-215 [descriptions of immature forms only].—BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Se., III (1893), p. 28 [name only]. Dendrotettix longipennis RitEY MS. fide BRUNER!, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), pp. 191-192 [undescribed].—BRUNER, Ins. Life, IV (1891), p. 20 [undescribed]; Bull. Div. Ent. U. 8S. Dep. Agric., XX VII (1892), p. 33 [undescribed ].—RILEY}, Ins. Life, V (1893), p. 255 [first description].—BRUNER!, Bull, Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XX VIII (1893), p. 14-15, fig. 4. Dendrotettix longipennis var. quercus RiLny !, Ins. Life, V(1893), p.256 [undescribed]. [ Post-oak locust, BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XIT1 (1887), pp. 17-19. ] Body flavous and flavo-testaceous, marked with piceous. Head, excepting summit, flavous, more or less infuscated or clouded with olivaceo-fuscous, the summit brownish testaceous, with very variable blackish markings, sometimes consisting of a median posterior dash, sometimes of a pair of divergent stripes, sometimes longitudinally combed with black; there is a broad and greatly widening black stripe behind the whole eye; front of fastigium very broadly suleate; frontal costa and whole face very sparsely punctate, the former broadly sulcate as far down as and including the ocellus; antennae flavous, sometimes a little infuscated. Pronotum flavo-testaceous above, the metazona dis- tinetly olivaceous, the median carina heavily marked in black; upper half or rather more of the lateral lobes with a piceous band, occasion- ally obsolescent on the metazona, and often distinct only at its upper and lower margins, especially the former, the remainder flavous; abdo- men banded with black along the sides. Tegmina lighter or darker ‘In the United States National Museum there 1s a single female from Texas im which the tegmina extend a littie more than halfway to the tip of the abdomen and are of a very different shape, the basal third gradually and normally broadening, but beyond tapering rather rapidly, so that the rounded tip is narrower than the base; it looks like an abnormal development. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. | 93 : testaceous, the veins more or less flavous; wings (according to Riley; I have not seen spread specimens) “rather dark, becoming somewhat pellucid near their base, the veins dusky, especially on the apical half.” Fore and middle legs flavous; hind femora luteo-testaceous, sometimes suffused with sanguineous, with two broad fuscous bands, antemedian and postmedian, the inner and lower face sanguineous, the whole genic- ulation black, preceded by a lemon-yellow annulus; hind tibiae black at base, beyond flavo-luteous, often, with the exception of a post-basal annulus, more or less olivaceous, the spines, excepting their anterior base, black. Subgenital plate ot male wholly black; supraanal plate long triangular, with slightly convex sides, the surface transversely arched, with a pair of approximate, slight, longitudinal ridges, meeting rather abruptly beyond the middle and inclosing a shallow basal suleus, the sides of the plate with a median, transverse, pyramidal tubercle; furcula consisting of a pair of rather distant, very slight, triangular projections, overlying the submedian ridges; cerci very short, small, rather stout, twisted a half circle, apically depressed and the tip bluntly rounded; infracercal plates of exceptional size, very broad at base, gradually narrowing and reaching the tip of the supraanal plate. ' Length of body, male, 24.25 mm., female, 29 mm.; antennae, male, 14 mm., female, 13 mm.; tegmina (long-winged), male, 21 mm., female, 23.5 mm.; (Short-winged), male,5 mm., female,6 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.5 mm., female, 15 mm. Six males, 11 females. Missouri (U.S.N.M. [No. 723].—Riley collec- tion; L. Bruner); De Soto, Jefferson County, Missouri, July 8, T. Per- gande(U.S.N.M. [No. 723]); Washington County, Texas, June (Bruner); Dallas, Texas (U.S.N.M. | No. 723]); Manor, Travis County, Texas, July 13, KE. Hill (U.S.N.M. [No. 723]). It is said by Bruner to occur also in southeastern Nebraska, southern Iowa, and Illinois. I have retained the name quercus rather than longipennis for this species for several reasons: It was first called by this name both by Riley and Bruner; it was first described in its earlier stages under this name by Packard (copying Bruner’s description, which was unaccom- panied by a name); and the name is a far more fitting one than longi- pennis, considering that the insect appears both in brachypterous and macropterous forms, and that it is normally brachypterous, as the basal divergence of the tegmina shows. It may also be called a mistake (in which entomologists generally have erred, myself among them) to give any species of Orthoptera a name derived from the length or brevity of the tegmina. On the other hand, indubitably the species was first fully described from mature examples under the name longipennis, a name given by Riley on the assumption that it was distinct from his earlier named quercus. As both names were given by the same naturalist, no personal question enters, and I trust that in this settlement of the ques- tion at its first raising all will agree. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Our knowledge of the natural history of this species depends almost entirely upon what Bruner wrote in his first account of it in 1887, before it was named. He found it in destructive numbers in Washing- ton County, Texas, feeding upon the post oak and ‘“ completely defoli- ating the trees of the forest even to the very topmost twigs.” He gives the following account of its history and habits: The egg pods are deposited in the ground about the bases of trees or indifferently scattered about the surface among the decaying leaves, etc., like those of all other ground-laying species. The young commence batching about the middle of March, and continue to appear until into April. After molting the first time and becoming a little hardened they immediately climb up the trunks of the trees and bushes of all kinds and commence feeding upon the new and tender foliage. They molt at least five or six times, if we may take the variation in size and difference in the development of the rudiments of wings as a criterion. The imago or mature stage is reached by the last of May or during the first part of June. The species is very active and shy in all its stages of growth after leaving the egg. The Jarva and pupa run up the trunks and along the limbs of trees with considerable speed, and in this respect differ considerably from all other species of locusts with which I am acquainted. I am informed that the mature insects are also equally wild and fly like birds. They feed both by day and night; and I am told by those who have passed through the woods after night, when all else was quiet, that the noise produced by the grinding of their jaws was not unlike the greedy feeding of swine. The colors of the insect in life during the early stages are given in the same place by Bruner and copied by Packard. Riley had previously reared the species in Missouri on oaks. 2 PO DIES IVE. (17067605, measuring by feet.) Podisma LATREILLE, Cuvier, Regne Anim., V (1829), p. 188. Pezotettix BURMEISTER, Germar, Zeitscbr. Ent., II (1840), p. 51. Form of body and of head as in Melanoplus; antennae as there, but rarely (Podisma variegata, e.g.) they are as long as the hind femora. Pronotum variable, but always short, sometimes subcylindrical, some- times (and especially in the female) expanding considerably from in front backward, never mesially contracted, generally with very feeble trans- verse sulci, the lateral lobes obliquely truncate apically on the anterior section; front margin truncate, hind margin usually subtruncate or truncate and even emarginate, but sometimes also very obtusangulate, the prozona generally considerably longer than the metazona, sometimes twice as long, smooth or very faintly punctate, the metazona generally very densely punctate; median carina distinct, but sometimes slight on the metazona, generally feeble sometimes obsolete on the prozona; lat- eral carinae very variable, the disk sometimes passing quite insensibly into the lateral lobes, sometimes so abruptly and angularly as to form tolerably distinct lateral carinae. Prosternal spine always prominent, generally bluntly conical; meso- and metastethia together, at least in the male and nearly always in both sexes, distinetly longer than the width of the metastethium, the latter narrowing posteriorly, so that the No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 95 portion behind the metasternal lobes is not (or is hardly) more than half the greatest width of the metastethium and is twice as broad as long; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male distinctly trans- verse,' as broad or almost as broad as the lobes themselves; of the female distinctly or strongly transverse, often fully twice as broad as long, generally as broad as and sometimes broader than the lobes them- selves; metasternal lobes of male generally distinctly distant, occa- sionally approximate, never attingent; of the female generally more dis- tant, the interspace in the latter sex generally as broad as or broader than the frontal costa. Tegmina never fully developed, often wholly wanting, and when present either lateral, and then generally shorter than the short pronotum, or else attingent or overlapping, and then at most reaching the middle of the hind femora, and usually subacuminate. Hind femora moderately long and slender, the inferior genicular lobe asin Melanoplus and the spines of the hind tibiae generally rather fewer than in that genus, nine to eleven, by exception eight or twelve, in number in the outer series. Abdomen more or less compressed, the sides of the first segment with or (in some apterous Old World forms) without a distinct tympanum, the extremity in the male more or less clavate and recurved; subgenital plate of very variable form, often prolonged to a distinct apical conical tubercle involving the apical margin, the lateral margins basally ampliate; cerci very variable, but to a less degree than in Melanoplus, not infrequently styliform, of vari- able length; furcula usually developed, but only at most to a small degree; ovipositor of female variable, typically exserted, but sometimes exceptionally extended and at others partially withdrawn in the then obtusely terminating abdomen. The limits between this genus and Melanoplus are difficult to formu- late; while there is no difficulty in separating the bulk of the species in either group, there are a number which find their place almost equally well in either. Ihave here attempted to state anew the char- acters first expressed by Stal, though with such necessary modifica- tions and expansions as a far larger series of forms entails. I can hardly hope that the conclusions I have reached will be sustained at every point, but Iam confident that they must hoid in the main. In doubtful cases [ have endeavored to determine the affinities from the concurrent study of both sexes and not from either alone, which would have brought about other and sometimes discordant results; and I have assigned the greatest weight to the intervals between the sternal lobes. . As I have here employed a different generic term from that in cur- rent use in literature, I submit the following cogent reasons for the necessity of the change: The generic name Podisma was proposed in a Gallie form (Podisme) 'A single exception is known to me in the subapterous Japanese Podisma dairisama, where it is slightly longitudinal. 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. by Latreille! in 1825 for short-winged Acridians with a prosternal spine, without specification of species. Its next use was by the same author in 1829? in its proper Latin form, and the European species now known as Pezotettiv pedestris and Platyphyma giornae referred to it. “Lhe same two species, and these only, are again referred to Podisma by Serville*® in 1851, and to the same as a subgenus of Acridium by the same writer in 1839.4 Burmeister,’ however, in 1840, refers these same species, and these only to anew genus Pezotettix, to which he gives as a synonym ‘“Podisma Latreille ex parte.” In Burmeister’s view the other portion of Latreille’s genus included such species as Stenobothrus parallelus and Chrysochraon dispar.® But these latter species are excluded by Latreille’s definition, and in his writings I can not find that he has ever mentioned any other species as appertaining tothe genus than the two first mentioned above. The only other authors who had at this time employed the term were Brullé* in 1832, who (as quoted by Fischer) referred to it only species of Stethophyma and Stenobothrus; Heyer,’ who in 1835 (?) employed it for Chrysochraon dispar ; Stephens,’ who in 1835 had referred pedestris only to it; and Costa,'® who in 1836 had referred to it four supposed new species—appulum, campanum, calabrum, and communis, the first two of which are now regarded as synonyms of Acridium aegyptium L., the third as probably a Pamphagus, and the last as giornae. In view of the limitation of the genus by Serville (if Latreille ever intended its greater extension), this action of Brullé and of Costa has no force, and hence, if the name Pezotettix can be retained at all, it must be by . regarding one of the two original species as the type of Pezotettix, the other of Podisma. As far as I can discover, the first author to refer the two species to distinct genera was Fieber,'! who in June, 1853 referred giornae to his new genus Pelecyclus, and pedestris to Podisma. Also in 1853, but later, his introduction being dated November, H. Fischer” referred the former species to his new genus Platyphyma and the latter to Pezotettix. Fischer has been generally followed, but it is plain that Platyphyma must give way to Pelecyclus, which in its turn must yield precedence to Pezotettix, of which giornae becomes the type, while pedestris becomes the type of Podisma. 'Fam. Nat., p. 415. “Cuvier, Regne Anim., V, p. 188. *“Rev. Méth. Orth., pp. 98-99. ‘Hist. Nat. Orth., pp.' 79-681. ‘Germar, Zeitschr. Ent., II, p.51. “Compare Handb. Ent., 11, p. 650, where ‘“‘Podisma Latreille ex parte” is given as the equivalent of certain unnamed divisions. 7Exp. Morée. *Germar, Faun. Ins., fase. 17. 9Illustr., Mand., VI, p. 29. ‘oPaun. Reg. Nap., pp. 43-48. 1! Lotos, III, p. 119. 2Orth. Eur., pp. 369,374. . 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 97 The early use of the term Podisma previous to 1853 and after 1829 other than given above) also sufficiently confirms the appropriateness f restoring Podisma for the species now generally included in Pezotettix; for Fischer de Waldheim! in 1846 used it for six species, of which the first three belong to Pezotettix of modern writers, the next two to Chrysochraon, while the last is not recognizable; von Borek in 1848? refers to it pedestris and frigida; and finally H. Fischer himself first used it in 1849° for frigida. Hisreasons later‘ for supplanting Podisma by Pezotettix can not be defended. The type of Podisma is therefore Gryllus pedestris Linnaeus. This genus is more widely extended than any other of the Melanopli, being the only one not confined to America. It is a distinctly boreal type and encircles the globe. The species are largely confined to high altitudes as well as high latitudes, a number being alpine or subalpine in their respective localities. In this country the species are known from ‘two widely separated regions; in the west, the Rocky Mountain region from Alberta to northern New Mexico; and in the east from western Ontario and New York to Maine. In Europe they are largely confined to the mountains of southern Europe from the Pyrenees to Mount Par- nassus or to Scandinavia; in Asia their distribution is less known, but species occur in eastern Siberia and in Japan. In the following pages I have fully described only the American species, which are first treated separately; but I have thought well to complete the account of the Melanopli by including the Old World species as far as possible, figuring their abdominal appendages, giving a separate table for their determination, and adding brief diagnoses of two species which are unpublished. Their synonomy and distribution are mostly compiled from Brunner’s Prodromus Eur. Orthopteren. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF PODISMA. A'. Tegmina wanting; upper valves of ovipositor elongate, straight, only faintly falciform apically; hind border of pronotum truncate or feebly emarginate. b'. Hind femora almost uniformly green; furcula of male extending over the su- praanal plate by twice the length of the last dorsal segment; cerci relatively stout, in the middle distinctly more thun half as broad as the base. 1. glacialis (p. 98). b?. Hind femora conspicuously fasciate with fuscous; furcula of male extending over the supraanal plate by not more than the length of the last dorsal segment; cerci very slender, in the middle distinctly less than half as broad as the base. ’ 2. variegata (p. 101). A*. Tegmina present, abbreviate; upper valves of ovipositor distinctly falciform apically. b!. Hind border of pronotum distinctly angulate; tegmina overlapping, generally distinctly longer than the pronotum. c!, Tegmina distinctly overlapping, much longer than the pronotum; male cerci short and broad, hardly if at all more than twice as long as the middle breadth ; subgenital plate as seen from behind more or less broadly truncate. 1Orth. Russ., pp.249-253. 315 Jahresb. Mannh. ver. nat., p. 38, 2Skand. riitv. ins. nat. hist., pp. 87-92. 4Orth. Eur., p. 365, note. q Proc. N. M. vol. xx——7 ~ 4 98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. . Male cerci straight as seen laterally; furcula feebly developed, no longer ee the last dorsal segment from which it springs; hind tibiae uniform red. iy 3. nubicola (p. 102), — . Male cerci arcuate as seen laterally; furcula well developed, crossing fully a nae of the supraanal plate; hind tibiae red with a broad pale basal ANNULUS Hs sae eyalacl eee Seiichi eaten ease ereeee 4. stupefacta (p. 104), 2, Tegmina faintly overlapping, sone if any longer than the pronotum; nate cerci slender, many times longer than the middle breadth; subgenital plate as seen from behind broadly conical, acute......--.-.... 5. dodgei (p. 105). b?. Hind border of pronotum broadly rounded or subtruncate, not angulate; teg- mina at most subattingent, generally distinctly separated, no longer or scarcely longer than the pronotum. c!. Fureula not more than a fourth as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate with the lateral and apical margins in the same horizontal plane; inter- space between mesosternal lobes of male fully or more than half as broad again as long. d'. Cerci of male slender, many times longer than the middle breadth; hind tibiae poalemed. 23a t= seme ait isa- saree a ee ie 6. ascensor (p. 107). @, Cerci of male broad, hardly more than twice as long as the middle breadth; hind hii ae tusCo-C la COUS eee. ree ieee an eae eee 7. marshallii (p. 108). c?, Fureula nearly half as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate apically elevated; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male less than half as broad cee reay AS) MOR Cos caoodenducdddse soGosdc seus. csoscacsescc 8. oregonensis (p. 110). 1. PODISMA GLACIALIS. (Plate VII, Fig. 3.) Pezotettix glacialis ScuDDER!, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VII (1863), pp. 630-631, pl. x1v, figs. 9, 10.—SmitTuH, Proc. Portl. Soc. Nat. Hist., I (1868), p. 149.— THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 148.—ScuppER!, Hitche., Rep. Geol. N. H., I (1874), p. 374, pl. A, figs. 5, 10.—Srax, Bih. K. Sy. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, no.9 (1878), p. 15.—GIRARD, Traité élém. d’ent., I (1879), p. 246.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59.—RILEy, Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), p. 202.—FERNALD, Orth. N. E. (1888), p. 29; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XXV (1888), p. 113.—Morsg, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 106. Podisma glacialis WALKER, Cat. Salt. Brit. Mus., Suppl., V (1871), p. 72. Pezotettix borealis GLOVER, Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pl. v1, figs. 16-18. Dark olivaceous green above, greenish-yellow beneath in life, often in drying becoming ferruginous, clothed thinly with rather long pile. Head yellowish green with a greenish streak down the middle of the frontal costa, above dark olivaceous green; labium, maxillae, tip of labrum, and of clypeus paie bluish white, the palpi yellow with the termi- nal joint apically rimmed with brown, the mandibles black at tip and extreme base; vertex gently tumid, feebly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes as broad (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium moderately declivent, straight, and not arcuate, in the male lying below the upper level of the eye so as to be hidden on a side view, shallowly (male) or very shal- lowly (female) sulcate, broadening anteriorly, especially in the male; frontal costa percurrent or almost percurrent, equal, as broad as (male) or distinctly narrower than (female) the interspace between the eyes, ae SP es | yo. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 99 suleate throughout at least in the female and rather deeply below the ocellus, very feebly and sparsely punctate; eyes of moderate size, _ moderately prominent especially in the male, not at all elongate, but as | long (male) or almost as long (female) as the infraocular portion of the | genae; antennae yellowish brown, paler below, darkest at tip, greenish toward the base, almost as long (male) or three-fourths as long (female) as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly constricted mesially in the male, and faintly (male) or slightly (female) expanding on the metazona, dark olivaceous green, the lateral lobes bright greenish yel- low below, with the principal sulcus marked in black and terminating below in a small black spot; above with a broad piceous postocular band which traverses the head and pronotum, expanding posteriorly on the metazona and continued interruptedly on the abdomen as a series of dark transverse streaks at the base of the segments; disk of pronotum strongly convex, passing insensibly into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina feeble, dull, percurrent, equal; front margin faintly convex with a minute mesial emargination; hind margin sub- truncate with a broad but very feeble emargination; prozona longitu- dinal (male) or quadrate (female), nearly twice as long as the faintly punctate or smooth metazona. Prosternal spine short, blunt, conical; interspace between mesosternal lobes somewhat less than half as broad again as long (male) or nearly twice as broad as long, about as broad as the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes approximate (male) or almost as distant as the mesosternal (female); prosternum dusky, the spine tipped with brown, the rest of the sternum greenish yellow. Teg- mina wanting. Fore and middle femora very tumid in the male, dis- tinctly shorter than in the female; hind femora rather slender, _ compressed, yellowish grass green, broadly but very obscurely bifas- ciate with dark olivaceous green, the under surface and lower half of inner surface coral red, the geniculation black; hind tibiae green, the _ spines black nearly to their base, eight to eleven, usually nine to ten, in number in the outer series. Abdomen hardly (male) or distinetly | (female) compressed, with a distinct though dull median carina, dark olivaceous green (female) or as described below (male), the sides of the first segments with a distinct tympanum, the extremity in the male a little clavate, much recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with acutangulate apex, the sides mesially contracted and but slightly ele- vated, the median sulcus distinct, deep, percurrent between rather Stout walls; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, very slender and tapering, acuminate black spines, crossing the basal fifth or less of the supraanal plate; cerci black, long, erect, externally tumid except at the dimpled apex, not strongly compressed, tapering in the basal half _ to two-thirds the basal breadth, beyond feebly expanding to a very slight degree, apically rounded but inferiorly angulate, the whole a little longer than the supraanal plate and straight, being neither arcu- ate nor ineurved; subgenital plate very short and broad, broadly 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XxX. conical, ending in a blunt but not large tubercle, the apical margin seareely elevated, angulate, entire. The colors of the above description, which are taken from life, are, unless otherwise specified, drawn entirely from the female, as the sexes — differ considerably. The male differs in the following particulars: The front of the head and the pronotum are more yellowish, the prosternum black, the spine uniform pale green, the meso- and metasterna bright — green, the sternum of the abdomen yellowish-green, slightly paler than the thorax, with the basal border of the segments broadly bordered with black and the apical narrowly with fuscous; the whole dorsal surface of the abdomen is black with a mediodorsal series of yellowish- | ereen spots and a triangular spot of the same between the middle and hind coxae; a lateral row of greenish-yellow spots on the first eight abdominal segments, each with a dark arcuate streak above it, opening toward the brownish spiracles. Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 26 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5 mm., female, 9 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.25 mm., female, 12 mm. Twenty-one males, 37 females. Maine (U.S.N.M. [| No.724|.—Riley col- lection); Magalloway River, Oxford County, Maine, Sanborn (Museum Comparative Zoology); Speckled Mountain, Oxford County, Maine, 2,000 feet (?), S. I. Smith; same (A. P. Morse); Mount Kearsarge, New Hampshire, 3,250 feet (A. P. Morse); Presidential Range, White Moun- tains, New Hampshire, 4,000 to 5,400 feet (S. H. Scudder; Museum Comparative Zoology; A. P. Morse); Greylock, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, 3,500 feet (A. P. Morse; S. H. Scudder); Mount Marey, Adirondacks, New York, 5,400 feet, F. G. Sanborn; Chateaugay Lake, Adirondacks, New York, 2,000 feet, F. C. Bowditch; Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, about 1,000 feet. Excepting Jackman, Maine (Harvey), the only other place from which it has been reported is *‘ British America” (Bruner), but without further specification Professor Bruner now thinks this was a mistake. Mr. Morse tells me that he has specimens taken on Kataadn, Maine, 5,200 feet. In the White Mountains I have found this grasshopper from the neighborhood of the snow arch in Tuckermans Ravine (about 4,000 feet) to the base of the rocky slopes on the side of Mount Washington above the Alpine Garden, and at the summit of Mount Madison (5,380 feet) at about the same elevation. I have also taken it at the upper limits of Huntingtons Ravine and about the ledge on the carriage road. It frequents the close branches of the dwarf birch, Betula nana, and is rarely or never seen on the ground. Of the European insects, it is most nearly allied to Pod. baldensis, but is a considerably larger insect, with heavier and stouter cerci and slen- derer and longer furcula. g No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 101 2. PODISMA VARIEGATA, new species. (Plate VII, fig. 4.) Pezotettix glacialis ComstTock!, Intr. Ent., 1888, p. 107. Pallid testaceous with an olivaceous tinge, variegated with dark elis- tening fuscous or chocolate brown in which also an olivaceous tinge may be detected, pilose. Head pallid olivaceo-testaceous, blotched with olivaceo-fuscous on the genae, and heavily infuscated above, with a broad postocular olivaceo-fuscous band; vertex somewhat tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes a little broader than (male) or twice as broad as (female) the first anten- nal joint; fastigium considerably declivent, straight, and not arcuate, in the male lying below, in the female at, the upper level of the eyes so as not to be wholly seen on a side view, a little sulcate, abruptly and angularly expanded a little anteriorly; frontal costa failing to reach the clypeus, subequal, but faintly contracted at the ocellus and as faintly expanding between the antennae, as broad as (male) or slightly narrower than (female) the interspace between the eyes, sulcate except- ing above, sparsely punctate above; eyes rather small, very prominent in the male, but little longer than broad, about as long as (male) or a little shorter than (female) the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae lighter or darker olivaceo-fuscous, distinctly longer in the male than the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly subselliform in the male, expanding feebly posteriorly in the female, the disk dull bronze cliva- ceous in the female, pallid testaceous with a mediodorsal, irregular but not broad, dark chocolate fuscous stripe and dark transverse sulci in the male, the lateral lobes glistening pale testaceous below, above with a very broad, percurrent, glistening brownish fuscous band, in the female deeply tinged with olivaceous; disk strongly convex, passing insen- sibly into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina slight, percurrent, equal; front and hind margins truncate, the latter feebly emarginate mesially; prozona quadrate in both sexes, sparsely, feebly, and rather coarsely punctate (particularly in the male and posteriorly), twice (male) or almost twice (female) as long as the obscurely, finely, and not densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, blunt, conical; interspace between mesosternal lobes a little transverse and nearly or quite as broad as the lobes (male) or twice as broad as long, fully as broad as the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes approximate (male) or distant, but much less so than the mesosternal (female). Teg- mina wanting. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male and distinctly shorter than in the female, dark olivaceous; hind femora flavo-testaceous, broadly trifasciate with blackish fuscous, besides a blackish geniculation, the under surface pale or dull coral red; hind tibiae bronze green or olive green, the spines black almost from their base, ten, rarely eleven, in number in the outer series. Abdomen hardly (male) or distinetly (female) compressed, with a distinct median 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. carina, ferrugineo-testaceous, becoming lighter below, obscurely punc- tate with fuscous (female) or flavo-testaceous above, flavo-olivaceous below, the sides heavily marked with glistening blackish chocolate (male); sides of the first segment with a distinct tympanum; extrem- ity in the male clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with subrectangulate apex, the sides scarcely elevated and feebly emarginate in the middle, the median sulcus moderately deep, percurrent, subequal, and moderately broad, raised much above the general surface by the considerable elevation of its bounding walls; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, short, tapering, black spines, hardly longer than the last dorsal segment; cerci castaneous, black- tipped, suberect, very long and very slender, tapering in the basal fourth, beyond distinetly less than half as broad as the base and sub- equal, feebly expanding apically solely by the curve of the upper mar- gin, the apex inferiorly angulate, the whole a little longer than the supraana! plate and straight except for being feebly incurved; subgen- ital plate small, about equally broad and long, its apex a little tumid, the apical margin not elevated, well rounded, entire. Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 23.5 mm.; antennae, male, 10.5 mmm., female, 8.54 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.25 mm., female, 12.75 mm. Two males, 1 female. Ithaca, Tomkins County, New York, about 400 feet, November, J. H. Comstock; Enfield Falls, Tompkins County, New York, about 450 feet (H. O. Woodworth). The specimens were taken in each case on the banks of streams. Since this was written, E. M. Walker has sent me drawings of this species from specimens taken at De Grassi Point on Lake Simcoe, about 50 miles north of Toronto, Canada. This species differs from the preceding not only in coloring and mark- ings, but in the greater length of the antennae and hind legs, the brevity of the furcula, and the slenderness of the cerci. 3. PODISMA NUBICOLA, new species. (Plate VII, tig. 5.) Melanoplus monticola BRUNER! MS. (pars). Cinereo-fuscous. Head varying from testaceous to plumbeous, more or less infuscated, above blackish fuscous in a posteriorly broadening mesial stripe, a supraocular belt and a postocular band, sometimes run together; vertex tumid, considerably elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes almost (male) or fully (female) twice as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium moderately declivent, broadly and distinctly sulcate, less deeply in the female than in the male; fron- tal costa feebly expanding and fading before the clypeus, faintly nar- rowed above, slightly (male) or distinctly (female) narrower than the interspace between the eyes, sulcate at and below the ocellus (but feebly in the female), heavily punctate throughout; eyes small, faintly promi- 4 ‘ = i. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELA Se a OER: 103 nent in the male, no . longer (male) or » distinctly shorter (female) ‘than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous or luteo easta- neous, heavily infuscated apically, two-thirds (male) or hardly half (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum feebly constricted mesially, cinereo-fuscous more or less infuscated, sometimes punctate with fuscous, pilose, the lateral lobes of the prozona distinctly tumid above and piceous or blackish fuscous, the disk considerably convex, particularly on the prozona, and passing into the subvertical lateral lobes by a well-rounded shoulder, which is distinctly angulate on the metazona only, forming blunt ice carinae; median carina percurrent, marked in black, distinct throughout but more elevated and longitudi- nally arched on the metazona and sometimes subobsolete between the sulci; front margin faintly convex, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle well rounded; prozona quadrate, only a little if any longer than the rather sparsely and shallowly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, very stout, appressed conical, very blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes a little broader than long (male) or fully halfas broad again as long but narrower than the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or about half as distant as the mesosternal lobes (female), Tegmina reaching to about the middle of the hind femora, overlapping, rapidly tapering but apically well rounded, cinereo-fuscous often with a vinous tinge, generally heavily flecked with blackish fus- cous, particularly but not exclusively in the discoidal area. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora testaceous or flavo-testaceous, on the upper half obliquely and rather broadly bifas- ciate with fuscous or blackish fuscous, besides a basal spot of the same and an infuscated or piceous upper genicular lobe, the inferior face flavous; hind tibiae pale red brightening apically, the spines black in their apical half, nine to eleven, usually ten, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with acutangulate apex, nearly plane sur- face, with a moderately broad and equal median sulcus, gradually fading beyond the middle; furcula consisting of a pair of very sleider tapering parallel fingers, extending over the outer sides of the subme- dian ridges of the supraanal plate by about the length of the last dor- sal segment; cerci stout and thick, subequal, hardly tapering blades, about twice as long as broad, nearly straight but faintly arcuate, well rounded apically, very faintly twisted with a feeble sulcation or com- pression somtimes apparent along the upper outer margin of the apical half; subgenital plate rather small, of about equal length and breadth, the apical margin a little elevated, broadly truncate as seen from behind and entire, a feeble ridge descending from each extremity of the apical mnargin across the apical face. Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 19 mm.; antennae, male, 6.20 mmn., female, 5 mm.; tegmina, male, 7.5 mm., female, 8 mm.; hind fem- ora, male, 9.75 mm., female, 10.5 mm. 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. Ten males, 7 females. Mount Lincoln, Park County, Colorado, above timber, 11-13000 feet, August 13 (8S. H. Scudder; L. Bruner). |[U.S.N.M. No. 725, male and female. | Bruner gave the unpublished name of Melanoplus monticola both to this species and to M. monticola, p. 290. All the specimens seen were taken by myself in 1877. 4. PODISMA STUPEFACTA. (Plate VIL, fig. 6.) Pezotettir stupefactus ScUDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p. 503; Ann. Rep. Geol. Survey 100th mer., 1876 (1876), p. 283.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59. Cinereo-fuscous. Head light brown or yellowish brown, the upper half and sometimes the whole head mottled rather heavily, on the top of the head very heavily, with brownish fuscous, often becoming blackish in a median band on the top of the head and less distinctly above the upper edges of the eyes; vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes but little broader than (male) or fully twice as broad as (female) the first an- tennal joint; fastigium distinctly sulcate, most deeply in the male, with distinct and nearly straight, raised, lateral margins, which pass into the lateral margins of the frontal costa; the latter distinctly punctate next the margins like the whole of the face, nearly equal but slightly narrower above, the surface plane except for a slight, short, narrow suleation at and below the ocellus; eyes of moderate size, not very prominent, the front margin subtruncate, rather longer (male) or dis- tinctly shorter (female) than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae brownish yellow, becoming dusky toward the tips, in the female a little more than three-fifths as long as the hind femora. Pro- notum nearly plane above, the prozona with scarcely perceptible fullness, and on either side of the median carina, at the principal sulcus, a slight oblique depression; the whole pronotum broadens a little and regularly in passing backward, the posterior margin obtusely and roundly angulate; median carina distinct though slight on the meta- zona, inconspicuous excepting in front on the prozona, and in the female nearly obsolete; lateral carinae distinct, though not prominent; surface profusely punctate, almost rugulose on the metazona; the color 18s brownish-yellow, darkest on dorsum, and profusely flecked with darker colors; upper third or half of lateral lobes with a postocular brownish fuliginous belt, confined to the prozona, narrower at the extreme front; transverse sulcations distinct, only seldom, and then but slightly, marked with black. Prosternal spine short and very stout, very blunt, and subeylindrical (male) or conical (female); interspace between meso- sternal lobes a little transverse (male) or half as broad again as long but narrower than the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes approxi- mate (female) or only a little more than half as distant as the meso- No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 105 sternal lobes (female). Tegmina fully half as long as the abdomen, elongate, subfusiform, the tip roundly pointed, dark brown, more or less variegated with yellowish and blackish, the small spots showing a tendency to a longitudinal arrangement, most of the veins light; wings a little shorter than the tegmina. Fore and middle femora rather tumid in the male; hind femora light yellowish-brown, with a pair of conspicuous, submedian, V-shaped, dark brown or blackish bands exter- nally, crossing the upper surface transversely, the extreme base and tip marked with the same color; hind tibiae yellow, the spines black to their base, 10 in number in the outer series. Abdomen yellowish beneath, mostly reddish-brown above, deepening into black, the extremity clavate and somewhat upturned in the male, the supraanal plate hastate, strongly constricted mesially, with elevated margins and obtusangulate tip, the median sulcus narrow, deep, and extending alinost to the tip; furcnla consisting of a pair of large, parallel, attingent, tapering, acuminate, flattened fingers, reaching nearly halfway across the supraanal plate; cerci short, very broad, nearly equal, strongly compressed, laminate, the tip broadly rounded, slightly incurved, so that the outer margin is broadly convex, the inner shallowly concave; subgenital plate broad and short, narrowing apically, the apical margin abruptly, slightly, and almost uniformly elevated above the lateral mar- gins and set at right angles with them, feebly notched mesially. Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 20.5 mm.; antennae, male, female, 7.51nm.; tegmina, male, 7.7 mm., female, 6.75 mm.; hind femora, female, 11.5 mm. One male, 3 females. Taos Peak, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, northern New Mexico, 13,000 feet, Lieutenant W. L. Carpenter (S. H. Scudder; U.S.N.M. [No. 726].—Riley collection); Colorado, “Alpine,” August (U.S.N.M. [No. 726].—Riley collection). 5. PODISMA DODGEI. (Plate VII, fig. 7.) Caloptenus dodgei THoMas!, Can. Ent., III (1871), p. 168; Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p.451, Pl. 11, figs. 4,5, 9.—Guover, Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), Pl. x1, figs. 4, 5, 9. Pezotettix dodgei THoMAS!, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 153; Proce. Day. Acad. Se., I (1876), p. 259.—UuLeEr, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., HI (1877), p 796.—THomas, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878, p. 1845 (1878).— BRUNER, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p.59; Bull. Div. Ent.U. 8. Dep. Agric., IV (1884), p. 57.—RILeEy, Stand. Nat. Hist., IT (1884), p. 202.—COCKERELL, Can. Ent., XXII (1890), p. 76. Pezotettiz bohemani STAu!, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V (1878), No. 9, p. 15. Pezotettix marshallii SCcUDDER!, Appal., I (1878), p. 263. Pezotettix aspirans ScuppDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 85-86; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 74-75.—BRUNER, Rep.U.S. Ent. Comm., IIT (1883), p. 59. Vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the inter- space between the eyes considerably broader than the first antennal 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. joint, rather broader in the female than in the male; fastigium shal- lowly suleate, subequal, the bounding walls low and coarse; frontal costa subequal, expanding at the base, very slightly sulcate above, more sulcate but not deeply below the ocellus, as broad as the inter- space between the eyes, sparsely, coarsely, and biseriately punctate; antennae about five eighths as long as the Lind femora, slightly longer in the male than in the female. Pronotum very short and stout, sim- ple, expanding a little on the metazona; prozona quadrate (male) or transverse (female), of the same length as the metazona; front margin truncate, hind margin gently angulated, more prominently in the female than in the male; median carina distinct but dull and equal on the metazona, obsolete on the prozona; transverse sulci of the prozona unusually distinct, continuous; lateral carinae distinet but rounded; dise punctate, distantly and rather faintly on the prozona, abundantly and rather coarsely but still faintly on the metazona. Prosternal spine Short, stout, appressed conical, blunt, in the female subtransverse; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully half as broad again as long (male) or nearly twice as broad as long (female), the metasternal lobes approximate (male) or distant (female). Tegmina short subfusiform, scarcely longer than the pronotum, about twice as long as broad, the extremity produced but rounded, the inner edges not or faintly over- lapping. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, perhaps a little longer than broad, the sides straight, the tip rounded, the surface subgibbose; fureula con- sisting of a pair of minute, triangular, blunt, rather distant teeth; cerci simple, regularly conical, compressed at base, blunt-tipped, con- siderably shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate sharply upturned and tumid, short-conical, several times longer than broad, the extremity just below the entire apical edge produced to a blunt point. The general color is blackish griseous, very obscurely mottled with testaceous above, dirty yellow tinged with ferruginous below; anten- nae pale red at base, much infuscated beyond; a quadrate piceous patch occupies the upper part of the lateral lobes upon the prozona, followed immediately below by a paler tint, and occasionally edged on the lateral carinae with dull testaceous. Tegmina with some of the veins of the dorsal field (for the anterior field is deflected) testaceous. Hind femora testaceous, couspicuously marked with black at base and tip, and by two moderately broad transverse bands, the premedian angulate; hind tibiae pale red, marked with fuscous toward the base, the spines black, ten to twelve, usually ten, in the outer series. Length of body, male, 14.5 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male and female, 5.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 4 mm., female, 5 mm.; hind femora, male, 8 mm. female, 8.8 mm. Thirty males, 28 females. Colorado, Morrison, 13,000 feet (S. Hen- shaw; S. H. Scudder); Colorado, alpine, September (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Pikes Peak, Colorado, 12,000 to 13,000 feet, August 24 (S. uy No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 107 H. Scudder; U.S.N.M. [No. 727].—Riley collection) ; Sierra Blanea, Colo- rado, 12,000 to 13,000 feet, August 29; Georgetown, Clear Creek County, Colorado, 8,500 to 9,000 feet, July 12-13; North Park, Colo- rado (L. Bruner); Poudre River, Colorado, June (U.S.N.M.—Riley col- lection); Beaver Brook, Jefferson County, Colorado, 6,000 feet, July 11; Laramie, Albany County, Wyoming (L. Bruner); Wasatch Mouan- tains near Beaver, Utah, August 1-4, E. Palmer. It has also been reported from the mountain sides in Clear Creek Canyon, Colorado (Uhler), from Brush Creek, Colorado, 12,000 feet (Cockerell), from Colorado (Stal), and from Montana (Bruner). I formerly compared this insect to the European Podisma alpina var. montana, but it should rather be compared to Podisma pedestris on account of its much shorter subgenital plate, though in its cerci it is more nearly related to the former; it can not be confounded with either, but is more nearly related to Podisma pedestris than to any other Aterican type. By the kindness of Doctor Aurivillius, of Stockholm, I have received one of the type specimens of Stal’s Pezotettix bohemani, and been able to compare it with the types of the other nominal species mentioned in the synonymy. 6. PODISMA ASCENSOR, new species. (Plate VII, fig. 8.) Pezotettix dodgei SCUDDER!, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv, Terr., II (1876), p. 261. Brownish testaceous above. dull testaceous below. Head testaceous, feebly olivaceous, embrowned above; vertex feebly tumid, not elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again (male) or nearly twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium moderately declivent, broadly and very shallowly sulcate; frontal costa percurrent, equal, a little narrower than the interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate at and a little below the ocellus, faintly and finely biseriately punctate above; eyes of moderate size, not at all prominent, similar in the two sexes, anteriorly truncate, slightly longer, especially in the male, than the infraocular portion of the genae; anten- nae testaceous, apically infuscated, about two-thirds as long as the hind femora in both sexes. Pronotum feebly and regularly expanding pos- teriorly, with a more or less broken and irregular piceous postocular band confined to the prozona, the disk broadly convex and passing by a rounded shoulder, nowhere forming distinct lateral carinae, into the anteriorly tumid subvertical lateral lobes; median carina slight, per. current, subequal but slighter on the prozona than on the metazona; front border truncate, hind border rotundato-obtusangulate; prozona longitudinally (male) or transversely (female) subquadrate, slightly (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine of moderate length, stout, conical, not very blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly twice as broad as long, but 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. narrower than the lobes in both sexes, the metasternal lobes approxi- mate (male) or subapproximate (female). Tegmina distinctly (male) or scarcely (female) shorter than the pronotum, lateral, rather widely sep- arated, subovate with rotundato angulate costal margin and subacumi- nate apex, brownish fuscous. Fore and middle femora no more tumid in the male than in the female; hind femora ferrugineo.testaceous, faintly and angularly bifasciate with fuscous, the under surface flavous, the genicular are broadly piceous; hind tibiae pale yellowish red, with a fuscous patellar spot, the spines black almost to their base, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, slightly recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with acutangulate apex, the surface strongly but broadly tectate, the median suleus broad, moderately deep, with very rounded walls, pereurrent but partially interrupted beyond the middle; furcula consisting of a pair of rather slender, tapering and acuminate, parallel, approximate fingers a little longer than the last dorsal segment, overlying the sub- median ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci small, simple, substyliform, a little compressed, considerably shorter than the supraanal plate, blunt-tipped or narrowly truncate; subgenital plate small, of about equal length and breadth, the lateral and apical margins in the same plane, entire, as seen from above strongly rounded, subangulate. Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 18.5 mm.; antennae, male, 6 mm., female, 6.6 mm.; tegmina, male, 3.1 mm., female, 4.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 10 mm. One male, 1 female. American Fork Canyon, Utah, A. 8. Packard. This species is the nearest allied of the American forms to Podisma pedestris of Europe, but differs distinctly from it in the structure of the subgenital plate and the slender fore and middle femora of the male. 7. PODISMA MARSHALLII. (Plate VII, fig. 9.) Pezotettix marshallii THoMAS, Rep. Geogr. Surv. 100th mer., V. (1875), pp. 889- 890, pl. xLv, fig. 3.—ScupDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 86; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 75.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p.59. Brownish fuscous above, often more or less ferruginous, sordid tes- taceous beneath. Head fusco- or ferrugineo-olivaceous, more or less infuscated above (the infuscation sometimes confined to a pair of widening streaks), with a broader or narrower piceous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, scarcely or not elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes twice (male) or nearly thrice (female) as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium broad, moderately decli- vent, scarcely sulcate; frontal costa rather prominent, fading before the clypeus, equal, much narrower than the interspace between the eyes, plane, irregularly punctate; eyes of moderate size, slightly prominent in the male, somewhat longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae dark castaneous, becoming blackish fuscous apically, nearly three-fifths (male) or hardly a half (female) as long as the hind femora. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 109 Pronotum subequal, feebly expanding on the metazona, especially in the female, the disk of the prozona often enlivened with the lighter colors of the face, the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona occupied by a piceous patch or band, sometimes broken in the female, the disk convex and passing into the vertical lateral lobes by a rounded shoulder, rarely angulate, without forming lateral carinae; median carina weak, percurrept, subequal, but slightly feebler on the prozona than on the metazona; front margin truncate, hind margin broadly rotun- date, occasionally feebly angulate in the female; prozona slightly longi- tudinal (male) or slightly transverse (female), distinctly longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short and stout, scarcely tapering, very blunt, appressed; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully half as broad again as long (male) or about twice as broad as long, barely narrower than the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes approximate (male) or hardly half as distant as the mesosternal lobes (female). Tegmina about as long as the pronotum, moderately distant, elliptical, about twice as long as broad, apically subacuminate, fusco-fer- ruginous. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora moderately stout, testaceous often tinged with ferruginous, very obliquely bifasciate with fuscous, generally interrupted on the outer half of the upper face, the under face flavous, verging on orange, the gen- iculation more or less infuscated; hind tibiae dull greenish, alittle paler next the base, with a fuscous patellar spot, the spines black almost to their base, eight to eleven, usually nine, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, somewhat recurved, the Supraanal plate long hastate with expanded base, roundly angulate sides and rectangulate apex, the lateral margins considerably elevated, the median sulcus deep and conspicuous between high and sharp walls, terminating apically in a cochlearate depression; furcula consisting of a pair of slender, tapering, acuminate, divergent fingers hardly a fifth as long as the supraanal plate; cerci rather broad, gently tapering in the basal half, beyond equal, apically rounded, nearly straight except for being gently incurved, less than three times as long as the middle breadth; subgenital plate short and very broad, the lateral and apical margins in nearly the same plane, rotundato-angulate as seen from above, entire. Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 20mm.; antennae, male, 6 mm., female, 5.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 4 mm., female,5.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 11.5 mm. Ten males, eleventemales. Mount Lincoln, Colorado, 11,000 to 15,000 feet, August 13 (S. H. Scudder; [U.S.N.M. No. 728]). It has also been reported from the “mountains of southern Colorado” by Thomas; and by myself, but erroneously, from Sierra Blanca, Colorado, and northern New Mexico; for in different papers I have formerly referred to this species what are here described as Melanoplus altitudinum and Podisma dodgei. The present species has a close general resemblance to Jlelano- pius indigens, extending to the abdominal appendages of the male. TO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 8. PODISMA OREGONENSIS. (Plate VI, fig. 10.) Pezotettix oregonensis THOMAS, Rep. Geogr. Exp]. 100th mer., V (1875), pp. 888, 889. Of rather large size for this genus, blackish fuscous more or less ferruginous, sordid testaceous below. Head sordid olivaceous, much suffused or sprinkled with fuscous, above wholly or almost wholly infus- cated, witha broad piceous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, feebly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes nearly Quale) or distinctly more than (female) twice as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium rather steeply declivent, shallowly and broadly (male) or scarcely (female) sulcate; frontal costa fading just before the clypeus, equal, slightly narrower than the interspace between the eyes, faintly depressed at the ocellus, nowhere sulcate, rather sparsely punctate throughout, biseriately and more heavily above; eyes moderately large, not prominent, anteriorly subtruncate, a little (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae rufous, sometimes feebly infuscated apically, fully two-thirds (male) or a little more than half (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, slightly enlarging posteriorly on the posterior half, the sides with a broad postocular piceous band confined to the prozona, less conspicuous in the female than in the male and often broken, the disk rather broadly convex and passing into the inferiorly vertical lateral lobes by a well rounded shoulder, occasionally showing a blunt angulation; median carina distinct on the metazona, generally very feeble on the prozona and often subobsolete between the sulci; front margin truncate, hind margin very broadly convex, occasionally sub- angulate; prozonalongitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), about a third (male) or at most a fourth (female) longer than the densely punctate meta- zona. Prosternal spine rather large and stout, conical or subconiecal, bluntly pointed; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly (male) or fully (female) half as broad again as long, narrower than the lobes; meta- sternal lobes subattingent (male) or moderately approximate (female). Tegmina about as long as the pronotum, subattingent, ovate, apically bluntly acuminate, at most twice as long as broad, ferrugineo-fuscous. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora rather long, not very slender, testaceous, more or less but generally much and confusedly infuscated, not infrequently distinctly and obliquely bifasciate with fuscous, the lower face and lower half of inner face flavous, the geniculation more or less infuscated; hind tibiae sordid pale olivaceous, with a fuscous patellar annulus, the spines black nearly from the base, eleven to twelve, rarely ten, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen considerably clavate, much recurved, the supraanal plate subtriangular with rectangulate apex, the lateral mar- gins strongly elevated in the basal half, the median sulcus moderately deep, fading beyond the middle of the plate, bounded by rather broad f NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. et Z a walls; furcula consisting of a pair of parallel or feebly divergent, flat- tened, slender, tapering, bluntly acuminate fingers neariy half as long as the supraanal plate; cerci subequal compressed laminae, a little more than twice as long as broad, nearly straight but feebly arcuate and feebly incurved, not so long as the supraanal plate, well rounded apically, sometimes feebly dimpled apically on the exterior surface; subgenital plate of equal length and breadth, broadly subconical, the apical margin slightly eievated and subtuberculate. Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 24 mm.; antenn, male, 6.75 mm., female, 6.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 4.75 mm., female, 5 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 min., female, 11.75 mm. Fourteen males, 21 females. Idaho (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Henry Lake, Idaho, August (same; L. Bruner); Yellowstone, Mon- tana (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Fort McLeod, Alberta, August (same; L. Bruner.) It was originally described by Thomas from Oregon. Thomas’s text refers to an illustration on a plate, but another species was there substituted for it. His types do not appear to exist, but I think there can be little doubt that this is his species, his description agreeing exceptionally well and certainly applying to no other insect I have seen. I am also drawn to this conclusion by notes taken many years ago upon examination of his types. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE OLD WORLD SPECIES OF PODISMA. A‘. Subgenital plate of male normal, as seen from above at least as long as broad, apically narrowing (Podisma, s.8.). b!. Tegmina absent. cl, Sides of first abdominal segment with no distinct tympanum. d@, Disk of pronotum smooth, at least on prozona. e!. Hind tibiae red; lobes of male furcula very distant; cerci very short, styliform, acuminate; subgenital plate not prolonged beyond its apical MALOU Joo Je isis ace Sees Sekios casio Seis oamlce se cess 9. pedemontana (p. 112). e?, Hind tibiae lutescent; lobes of male furcula attingent; cerci moder- ately long, subcompressed, slightly dilated apically; subgenital plate pro- longed as a tubercle beyond its apical margin......--.- ~ 10. cobellii (p. 113). @. Disk of pronotum rugulose throughout. e'. Hind femora pallid beneath; hind tibiae rufescent... 11. costae (p. 113). e?. Hind femora red or reddish beneath; hind tibiae sordid blue. f'. Pronotum of female enlarging but little posteriorly; lobes of male furcula stout though small, rounded; subgenital piate as broad as long, the apical margin broadly rounded, with a feeble, indistinct, and blunt THO ETRE) CSA AS at eS eS Oa eee oe aa ee ee ee 12. parnassica (p. 113). f?. Pronotum of female enlarging posteriorly rapidly and considerably ; lobes of male furcula slight and minute, eiongate; subgenital plate much longer than broad, the apical margin angulate, with a small but dis- tinct and slightly elevated tubercle...-....--.--.--- 13. pyrenaea (p. 114). ce. Sides of first abdominal segment with a distinct tympanum. d', Hind tibiae flavo-olivaceous; lateral halves of last dorsal segment of male widely separated ; cerci tapering almost regularly throughout, equal for ashort distance beyond the middle; subgenital plate elongate, its apical margin sub- angulate as seen from above.......-....-.---+-.--+-- 14. salamandra (p. 114). 112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. @,. Hind tibiae reddish; lateral halves of last dorsal segment of male narrowly separated; cerci enlarging slightly beyond the middle; subgenital plate short, its apical margin broadly rounded as seen from above.. 15, baldensis (p. 114). b?, Tegmina present, abbreviate; sides of first abdominal segment with a distinct tympanum. cl, Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male quadrate or faintly longer than broad; abdomen of male not clavate, the cerci bent abruptly inward at right angles beyond the middle, the furcula obsolete. .... 16. dairisama (p. 114). c2, Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male broader, generally much broader than long; abdomen of male distinctly clavate, the cerci gently incurved throughout or straight, the furcyla more or less though feebly developed. d', Eyes of male very prominent; posterior margin of pronotum truncate; tegmina linear or sublinear, lateral; cerci of male decurved or apically enlarged, as well as incurved. el, Hind margin of pronotum distinctly emarginate; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male twice as. broad as long; hind tibiae greenish; furcula of male composed of a pair of attingent projecting black points; cerci regularly tapering, acuminate, incurved, and decurved; ovipositor of female elongate and slender, the upper valves straight. 17. schmiatii (p. 115). e?. Hind margin of pronotum feebly emarginate; interspace between meso- sternal lobes of male only a little broader than long; hind tibiae yellow; furcula of male composed of a pair of scarcely projecting distant lobules; cerci at first tapering, then enlarging feebly, apically well rounded; ovi- positor of female rather short and stout, the upper valves normally falcate. 18. fieberi (p. 115). d?, Eyes of male only moderately prominent; posterior margin of pronotum rounded or obtusangulate; tegmina broad elliptical or simply abbreviate; cerci of male simple, tapering throughout, straight or merely incurved. e!, Pronotum with the transverse sulci deeply impressed, the hind margin rounded; hind tibiae blue or partly flavescent; subgenital plate of male greatly produced, extending beyond the tip of the supraanal plate by fully the length of the latter, and narrowly acutangulate as seen from above; cerci regularly compressed-conical. f'. Hind tibiae cyaneous; cerci of male short and moderately stout, shorter than the hind arolia; tip of subgenital plate bluntly rounded. 19. pedestris (p. 116). f2. Hind tibiae sordid violaceous at base, apically flavescent; cerciof male moderately long, slender, longer than the hind arolia; tip of subgenital platelaicuminahe sass Hh MSls cee cleme ee eawels sects so cle 20. alpina (p. 116). e?. Pronotum. with the transverse sulci slightly impressed, the hind margin obtusangulate; hind tibiae red; subgenital plate of male little produced, extending beyond the supraanal plate by much less than the length of the latter, strongly rounded as seen from above; cerci laminate, subequal, bluntly rounded*ab tip. 42 2:2. shes een acne eos 21. frigida (p. 117). A, Subgenital plate of male, as seen from above, much broader than long, apically broadened, the lateral walls excessively tumid (Eupodisma)... 22. primnoa (p, 117.) g. PODISMA PEDEMONTANA. (Plate VIII, fig. 1.) Pezotettix pedemontanus BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur, Orth. (1882), p. 230. For a figure of the abdominal appendages of this species, which I have not seen, | am indebted to Herr Josef Redtenbacher through Hofrath Brunner von Wattenwy]l. Susa, Piedmont, Italy. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 113 10. PODISMA COBELLII. (Plate VIII, fig. 2.) Pezotettix cobellii KRAUSS, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XXXIII (1883), pp. 222 223, fig. 2. a Pezotettix salamandra CoBELii, Ort. Gen. Trent. (1883), p. 15. Hofrath Brunner von Wattenwyl has kindly loaned me a pair of this little known species for study and illustration. Mountains about Roveredo, Tyrol: —Cima Posta, Monte Pasubio, 6,000 to 7,000 feet, and somewhat lower; Sette Albi. 11. PODISMA COSTAE. Pezotettix costae TARGIONI TozETTI, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., XIII (1881), p. 185.— BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), p. 229. I have not seen this species, and introduce it in the table only by aid of the characters assigned by Brunner. Monte Morrone, Abruzzo, Italy. 12. PODISMA PARNASSICA, new species. (Plate VIII, fig. 3.) Pezotettix parnassicus BRUNNER!, MS. Very dark bronze green, beneath dull testaceous (male), or ferrugineo- testaceous, beneath dull flavous (female), the lower margins of the lateral lobes of the color of the under surface, the abdomen with a slender dorsal testaceous stripe. Antennae as long as the head and pronotum together. Frontal costa scarcely depressed at the ocellus, fading before the clypeus. Pronotum short, subeylindrical (male) or feebly expanding posteriorly (female), pretty uniformly and sparsely rugoso-punctate, slightly more finely on the metazona than on the pro- zona; prozona transverse, nearly twice as long as the metazona, its transverse sulci inconspicuous; posterior margin of pronotum truncate, the median carina subobsolete, lateral carinae wanting. Meso- and meta- nota, especially in the male, and the dorsum of the basal abdominal segments, in the male only, punctate. Prosternal spine blunt conical; interspace between mesosternal lobes quadrate (male) or strongly transverse, fully as broad as the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or distant, the interspace broader than the frontal costa (female). Tegmina wanting. Hind femora olivaceo-testa- ceous, rufous beneath in the female; hind tibiae lutescent (male) or pale green (female), the spines black-tipped, eight to nine in number in the outer series. Sides of first abdominal segment with no tympanum; extremity of male abdomen not clavate nor recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with a median suleus in the basal half and a broad depression apically; furcula consisting of a pair of rather distant, hardly elongate, rounded lobes no longer than the last dorsal segment; cerci Proc. N. M. vol. xx——8 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. small, styliform, shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, slightly longer than broad, the apical margin thickened and sub- tuberculate. - Length of body, male, 15 inm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male, 5.5 mm., female, 7.5 mm.; pronotum, male, 3 mm., female, 4.4 mm.; hind femora, male, 7.25 mm., female, 10 mm. One male, 1 female. Mount Parnassus, Greece; through the kind communication of Hofrath Brunner von Wattenwyl. 13. PODISMA PYRENAEA. (Plate VIII, fig. 4.) Pezotettix pyrenaca FISCHER, Orth. Eur. (1853), p. 373, pl. xv, figs, 22 *, 22 * a. Pezotettiz pyrenaeus BRUNNER, Prodr, Eur. Orth. (1882), p. 229. For an opportunity of studying this species I am indebted to M. de Bormans. Pic du Midi, Pyrenees, France, 9,540 feet. 14. PODISMA SALAMANDRA. (Plate VIII, fig. 5.) Pezotettix salamandra FISCHER, Orth. Eur. (1853), pp. 372-373, pl. xv, fig. 22, 22 a b c.—BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), pp. 228-229. In the mountainous region north and east of the Adriatic, Goritz and Adelsberg, Llyria, the Draga Thal near Fiume, Istria and Josephs- thal, Croatia. It is found on bushes like our P. glacialis. 15. PODISMA BALDENSIS. (Plate VIII, fig. 6.) Pezotettix baldensis Krauss, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XXX (1883), pp. 220- 229, fig. 1. Pezotettix sulamandra GRABER, ibid., X VII (1867), p. 271. For an opportunity of examining and figuring this species I am indebted to Hofrath Brunner von Wattenwyl. Monte Baldo, southern Tyrol, 5,000 feet. 16. PODISMA DAIRISAMA, new species. (Plate VIII, fig. 7.) Dark olive green, beneath dull flavous. Frontal costa deeply suleate, subpercurrent, equal. Pronotum subcylindrical, the hind margin sub- truncate, minutely emarginate; prozona quadrate, finely and sparsely punctate; metazona rather densely punctate, hardly more than half as long as the prozona; median carina obsolete, lateral carinae wholly wanting; transverse sulci of prozona feebly impressed; lateral lobes concolorous with disk. Prosternal spine conical, subacute; interspace between mesosternal lobes faintly longitudinal (male) or transverse, 0. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 115 Imost as broad as the lobes (female), the inner margins of the lobes trongly rounded, the metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or distant by nearly the breadth of the frontal costa (female). Tegmina lateral, elliptical, more than twice as long as broad, no longer than the pro- zona, ferrugineo-testaceous. Hind femora eee olivaceous, sanguin- eous beneath; hind tibiae feebly valgate, green, the spines black-tipped, nine to ten in number in the outer series. Abdomen lighter in the male than in the female, in the former with a pair of subdorsal, longi- tudinal, oval, basal, flavous spots on segments three to eight, sides of first Patent: with a distinct tympanum, the extremity fendi clavate or recurved in the male, the supraanal plate blunt triangular, tectate, with broad, regularly narrowing, percurrent median Palens: fureula wanting, the lateral halves of the last dorsal segment rather distant; cerci moderately slender, rather regularly tapering, blunt-tipped, abruptly bentinward and upward beyond the middle; subgenital plate equally broad and long, conical, ending in a blunt tubercle prolonged beyond the apical margin. Valves of ovipositor rather long, nearly straight, the upper pair sinuate above, with serratulate margins. Length of body, male, 24 mm., female, 3!.5 mm.; antennae, male, 8mm.; pronotum, male, 5.5 mm., female, 6.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind femora, male, 11 mm., female, 14 mm. One male, 1 female. Japan (U.S.N.M. [No. 729], through L. Bruner). 17. PODISMA SCHMIDTII. (Plate VIII, fig. 9.) Podisma schmidtii FirBER, Lotos, III (June, 1853), pp. 119-120. Pezotettic mendax FISCHER, Orth. Eur. (Nov., 1853), pp. 371-372, pl. xv, figs. 23, 23 ab.—BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), pp. 227-228. The publication of Fieber’s species dates from 1853 (Lotos) and not from 1854 (Synopsis), and antedates by several months the description of Fischer, whose name has been hitherto accepted; for Fieber’s spe- cies was published in the June number of Lotos, and the preface to Fischer’s work is dated November. This species occurs, according to Brunner von Wattenwy], on hazel ‘Stalks and bramble bushes. Austrian Alps, especially the southern side, from Transylvania west- ward to southern Tyrol and the Swiss canton Ticino; and in the moun- Hainous region bordering the upper extremity of the Adriatic, eastward. 18. PODISMA FIEBERI, new name. (Plate VII, fig. 8.) Pezotettix schmidtii BRUNNER, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XI (1861), p. 306, pl. XVI, figs. 23 A B; Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), p. 225. As Brunner points out, this is not the Podisma schmidtii of Pieber (1853); but he nevertheless retains Fieber’s name for it, because it was first described by himself under that name, under the supposition that 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. it was Fieber’s species, and because Fieber’s schmidti and Fischer mendax are the same. By the ordinary rules of nomenclature, the | name schmidtii, having been applied to one species of the genus could not subsequently be applied to another, even if the first were a syno- nym; but it is doubly incorrect here, since schmidti of Fieber has the priority over mendax of Fischer. It is therefore necessary to give the present species a new name. This species is found on leafy bushes. From Carniola eastward to Servia, southern Hungary, and Transyl-_ vania. ‘ 19. PODISMA PEDESTRIS. (Plate VIII, fig. 10.) Gryllus pedestris LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. X (1758), p. 433. Acrydium pedestre OLIVIER, Encyel. Méth., VI (1791), p. 282. Podisma pedestris LATREILLE, Cuy. Regne Anim., V (1829), p. 188. Pezotettix pedestris BURMBEISTER, Germ. Zeitschr. Ent., II (1840), p.51.— FIscHER, Orth. Eur. (1854), pp. 369-371, pl. xv, figs. 17, 17*, 18, 18a.— BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), pp. 226-227. Acrydium apterum DEGEER, Mém., III (1773), p. 474, pl. Xxx1n, figs. 8, 9. In northern Europe, in Finland, southern Sweden, and Holstein; then again farther south in the high alps of Switzerland, at the Wen. gern alp and the Rhone glacier, and in the mountains of southern Bava- ria and the Tyrol; farther east it comes down to the hill country and occurs from Carinthia eastward to the Volga. South of the alps it is found in southeastern France, southern Tyrol, and Sardinia. It has been incorrectly reported from England. 20. PODISMA ALPINA. (Plate IX, fig. 1.) Gryllus alpinus KOLLAR, Beitr. Landesk. Oesterr., III (1833), p. 83. Podisma alpina FIEBER, Lotos, III (1853), pp. 119. Pezotettiz alpina FISCHER, Orth. Hur. (1853), pp. 368-369, pl. xv, figs. 19, 20. Pezotettix alpinus BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), pp. 224-225, pl. vu, fig. 53. Acridium pulchellum H&rrricH-SCHAEFFER, Nomencel. Ins., II (1840), Orth., 8, 19. Podisma frigidum F1iscuEr, Jahresb. Mann. ver. Naturk, XV (1849), pp. 38-39. Podisma subalpinum FISCHER, ibid., XVI (1850), p. 27. Occurs in two forms: alpina, with tegmina separate and lateral, found in the higher mountains; and a larger, collina, with tegmina overlap- ping, half as long as the abdomen. P.a. alpina occurs in all the higher mountains of central Europe as far east as the borders of Servia. I found it extremely abundant in the alpine pastures about Villars sur Bex, Canton de Vaud, Switzer- land. P.a. collina is found from Carniola and the forest of Vienna through southern Hungary to Transylvania. : 0. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. oe 21. PODISMA FRIGIDA. (Plate IX, fig. 2.) Gryllus frigidus BOHEMAN, Overs. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. (1846), p. 80. Podisma frigidum VON Borck, Skand. Ritv. Ins. Nat. Hist. (1848), pp. 90-92, pl. lit, fig. 2. Pezotettix frigida FISCHER, Orth. Eur. (1853), pp. 366-368, pl. xv, fig. 21. Pezotettix (Melanoplus) frigidus STAL, Ree. Orth., I (1873), p. 79. Pezotettix frigidus BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), pp. 223-224, Pezotettix alpicola FISCHER, Stett. Ent. Zeit, XIII (1852), p. 21. Occurs in Lapland and Norway; and again in the high alps of Switzerland and the Tyrol. . 22. PODISMA (EUPODISMA) PRIMNOA. (Plate IX, fig. 3.) Podisma primnoa FISCHER DE WALDHEIM, Orth. Russ. (1846), p. 248. Primnoa viridis MOTSCHULSKY, MS., ibid. : On account of the extraordinary development of the subgenital plate of the male of this largest of Podismae, I have proposed for it the sub- generic hame of Eupodisma. Fischer de Waldheim describesitfrom Verkhni-Udinsk, Transbaicalia, Siberia. Specimens in my collection were collected by Parschine at the same place in June, at Samonoffsk in June, at Khabarowki and Tscherhjava on the Amur in May and August, and in the Desert of Khorinskaya in Transbuaicalia. Dei, PIRES YOU @IGlat©)/2 1G OiGae (Tape, beside; Tylotropidia, a genus of Euprepocnemes. ) Paratylotropidia BRUNNER, Réy. Syst. Orth, (1893), p. 147. Body moderately stout, somewhat compressed, without noticeable pilosity, the excessively brief and fine hairs being exceedingly scattered. Head large by being protuberant, not broader than the pronotum, the face moderately oblique and the genae feebly tumescent; vertex broadly arched, not elevated above the pronotum; fastigium very broad, tumid, feebly declivent, anteriorly rounded; eyes rather long oval, fully half as long again as broad, especially in the female, anteriorly subtruncate, separated above by an exceptionally wide interval, almost or quite twice as wide as the rather broad frontal costa; antennae slen- der, about as long (in the female at least) as the head and pronotum together. Pronotum long, compressed, subequal, narrowed above anteriorly, the disk nearly plane but the prozona slightly tumid, with percurrent and equal median carina, distinet, pereurrent, equal and feebly arcuate lateral carinae, the transverse sulci feebly incised, the hind margin produced, but very obtusangulate, the metazona flaring only in the female and then almost imperceptibly. Prosternal spine 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. - VOL. XX not stout, conico-cylindrical; meso- and metastethia together mucl longer than broad in both sexes, the latter narrowing rapidly behind, so that the portion behind the lobes, more than twice as broad as long, is scarcely more than half as broad as the metastethium; interspace between mesosternal lobes much longer than broad in both sexes and much narrower than the lobes themselves, the metasternal lobes more | (male) or less (female) approximate, the interspace in the female scarcely ¥ so broad as, in the male much narrower than, the frontal costa. Teg-— mina abbreviate, overlapping, acuminate. Hind femora very long, the — inferior genicular lobe subpallid, uniform, the hind tibiae with eight to b twelve spines in the outer series. Sides of the first abdominal segment with a distinct tympanum. Subgenital plate of male with no apical — tubercle, its lateral margins ampliate, basally rectangulate; cerci lamel-— late, subpyriform, tapering strongly and unequally, the apex produced, subacuminate and incurved. Abdomen of female regularly tapering, the ovipositor normally exserted, the valves nearly straight with acute but smooth costae. The genus is represented by a single species found in the western Mississippi valley. When published by Brunner, no species was de- seribed or even named, but the species here given is the one upon which the genus was founded and is therefore the type. PARATYLOTROPIDIA BRUNNERI, new species. (Plate IX, figs. 4, 5.) Warm brownish ferruginous, approaching castaneous, inclining to flavous below, marked with pale flavous. Head protuberant, flavous, faintly and sparsely punctate with fuscous, above with an anteriorly tapering, broad, ferrugineo-fuscous or olivaceo-fuscous band, the genae behind the eyes more or less distinetly infuscated ; vertex feebly tumid, not elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes exceptionally broad, being nearly four times as broad as the basal joint of the antennae; fastigium very feebly declivent, plane or tumid, scarcely expanding anteriorly, its lateral margins not in the least ele- vated, well rounded, its anterior margin well rounded as seen from above; frontal costa fading just before the clypeus, faintly enlarging from above downward, above about (male) or fully (female) half as wide as the interspace between the eyes, feebly suleate at the ocellus, coarsely and sparsely punctate throughout; eyes not very large nor prominent, about as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; anten- nae luteo-testaceous, apically infuscated, in the female about two-thirds as long as the hind femora. Pronotum elongate, compressed, subequal but feebly enlarging backward on the upper portion of the anterior sec- tion of the prozona, beyond it equal, the disk very broadly subtectate, passing by abrupt angles, forming distinct and continuous feebly and oppositely arcuate lateral carinae facing inward, into the vertical lateral lobes, which above are very steeply and convexly declivent; whole No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 119 pronotum unicolorous except that the lower portions of the lateral lobes become gradually flavescent and the lateral carinae are conspicu- ously flavous; median carina percurrent, equal, blunt, longitudinally arcuate on the prozona; front margin subtruncate, hind margin very obtusangulate, both delicately margined; prozona very longitudinal, being more than (male) or almost (female) half as long again as broad, very coarsely and sparsely punctate, half as long again as the finely ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, conico-cy]- indrical, erect, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes twice as long as broad (male) or fully half as long again as broad (female), the metasternal lobes approximate (male) or moderately distant (female). Tegmina subovate, very broad, very rapidly tapering especially by the oblique excision of the costal margin and the strong apical areuation of the inner margin, subacuminate, a little longer than the pronotum, overlapping, brownish castaneous, the ulnar vein broadly marked with pale flavous edged anteriorly with blackish fuscous. Tore and middle femora somewhat enlarged in the male, rufo-flavous; hind femora flavo- testaceous, the outer face and the geniculation more or less deeply infuscated especially above, without fasciation or maculation of any kind; hind tibiae rather deep red or fusco-violaceous, the spines pallid with black tips, eight to eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate but very feebly enlarged, very stronglyrecurved, the supraanal plate pretty regularly triangular, as long as broad, the apex acutangulate, the margins feebly and broadly elevated, the median sulcus not very deep, terminating with its bordering ridges in the center of the plate; furcula ?; cerci very broad and somewhat tumid at base, forming a compressed and slightly tortuous cone, tapering rapidly and somewhat regularly, but with the slender tip a little produced, curved slightly inward and downward, bluntly pointed, reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; infracercal plates very broad, suddenly narrowing just beyond the base but easily visible outside the cerci nearly the whole length of the latter, slightly produced apically to attain the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate tumid, very broad at apex, partly by the retrocession of the preceding ventral segment, distinctly broader than long, the lateral and apical margins together feebly arcuate so that the apex is slightly elevated, the apical margin as seen from above acutangulate, entire. Length of body, male, 29.5 mm., female, 39.5 mm.; antennae, female, 12.5 mm.; pronotum, male, 7.5 mm., female, 9.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 9 mm., female, 11.15 mm.; hind femora, male, 16 mm., female, 18.5 mm. One male, 1 female. Dakota (L. Bruner); Dallas, Texas, Boll (U.S.N.M. [No. 730.|—Riley collection). The single male (from Dakota) is slightly mutilated, preventing a description of certain parts. I was at first inclined to regard this as distinct from Bruuner’s species, of which he favored me with a descrip- tion and figure (hitherto unpublished), on account of the representation 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. of the lateral carinae of the pronotum in his figure as arcuate in an — opposite sense to that here described; but his description agrees so 4 perfectly with the other characteristics of the specimens before me that Iregard this as an accident. Nevertheless, I append hereto the descrip- tion furnished by him, with the sketch sent me, which he kindly permits me to publish (see Plate IX, fig. 5). PARATYLOTROPIDIA sp. Colore castaneo. Pronotum disco deplanato, carina media pereurrente, necnon utrinque carina longitudinali flava delineato. Elytra abbreviata, acuminata, fascia flava secundum venam ulnarem ornata. Femora postica carina superiore acuta instructa, superne flava, Tibiae posticae fusco-violaceae, spinulis albis, apice nigris, in utroque margine numero 10 ad 12. Lamina supraanalis ¢ triangularis, acumi- nata, plana. Cerci g deplanata, basi latissimi, apice acuminati. Lamina subgeni- talis g elongata, ultra apicem laminae supraanalis valde prominula. Ovipositor valvulis acute costatis sed haud denticulatis. of | 2 : ; | | mm. | mm. ILM (EOI De popednoohan -oCBOgos0Ia coscatuasocr | 30 38 HOM = sees nese cee enocosemeancoberesce | 8 10 Gly tine re oo silos scien Semen ences | 9 12 fem=pPOSst. - soe csce a eA ee tsee ee pee ae | 16.5 20 Patria: Dallas, Texas. Brunner, 1895. 23. MELANOPLUS: (Médas, black; 2A a@, armor.) Melanoplus SvAL, Rec. Orth., I (1873), p. 79. Body moderately stout, rarely slender, generally feebly compressed, more or less but generally feebly pilose. Head moderately, rarely not at all, prominent, generally but little if any longer than the prozona, unless the latter (as rarely) is distinctly transverse; face almost verti- cal or a little oblique, its angle with the fastigium rarely less than 75°; vertex gently tumid; eyes rounded oval, never more generally less than half as long again as broad, the anterior margin subtruncate or feebly convex, separated above rather or very narrowly, at most but little farther apart than the width of the equal or subequal frontal costa; fastigium more or less sometimes very declivent, passing insensibly into the frontal costa, always more or less sulcate or with elevated lateral margins, generally more deeply sulcate in the male than in the female; frontal costa moderately prominent, generally sulcate below, usually more or less punctate; antennae slender, of variable length, but never very short, never longer than the hind femora, and rarely if ever more than twice as long as the pronotum, even when this is subtruncate pos- teriorly. Pronotum generally subcompressed, rarely or never twice as long as the average breadth, generally only half as long again as the average breadth even in the male, the metazona generally more or less flaring, its disk plane and densely punctate, while that of the prozona No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 12T is more or less, generally slightly, convex, is rarely at all flaring in front or only in the very slightest degree, at most faintly punctate and generally distinctly longer than the metazona; front margin generally truncate or subtruncate, hind margin obtusangulate to a greater or less degree, rarely subtruncate; median carina always distinct on the meta- zona, generally much less so on the prozona, often subobsolete between the sulci and never wholly wanting; lateral carinae typically obsolete, but often indicated by a distinctly abrupt though rounded shoulder, rarely becoming carinate; lateral lobes vertical or subvertical, espe- cially below, often feebly tumid above on the prozona, and generally marked by a piceous postocular band, crossing either the prozona alone or the whole pronotum, not infrequently broken or maculate. Proster- nal spine variable, but always prominent; meso- and metastethia to- gether distinctly longer than broad in both sexes; interspace between mesosternal lobes generally longer or much longer than broad, never! in the least broader than long, even when the sides of the interspace are very divergent posteriorly (male) or generally quadrate but more variable than in the other sex, sometimes as narrow as there but more frequently subtransverse, occasionally in brachypterous forms dis- tinctly transverse, as a general rule wider than in the other sex (female), in both always distinctly, generally much, narrower than the lobes them- selves, except in the few instances” where it is distinctly trausverse in the female; metasternal lobes generally attingent or subattingent, rarely only approximate (male), or generally approximate or subap- proximate, the interspace between them generally narrower than the frontal. costa (female); metasternum rapidly narrowing posteriorly, so that the portion behind the lobes is not, or is hardly more than, half the greatest width of the metasternum, but is more than twice as broad as long. Tegmina always present, but either abbreviate and then lateral, attingent, or overlapping, sometimes shorter and sometimes longer than, but generally nearly the length of, the pronotum and usually more or less acuminate apically; or they are fully developed and then usually about attain or a little sarpass the tips of the hind femora, tapering more or less but very gradually and apically well rounded, at a distance from the apex equal to the breadth of the tegmina dis- tinctly narrower than the metazona, the intercalaries and cross-veins of the discoidal area (except in the macropterous forms of the dimor- phic species, M. dawsont and M. marginatus) relatively numerous at least in the apicai fourth and usually throughout, the venation in gen- eral sharp and clearly defined, the humeral vein straight and only api- cally arcuate, nearly always terminating either on the apical margin or only a short distance before it, running for some distance almost exactly parallel to the costal margin or merging insensibly into it, the ‘In two species, MW. montanus and M. borealis, 1t is feebly transverse, but much narrower than the lobes, and 1s similar in the two sexes. 2 These are YW, artemisiae, M. militaris, and M. altitudinum. 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 3X. area intercalata always, even in macropterous forms of dimorphic spe- cies, extending somewhat, generally considerably, beyond the middle of the tegmina. Hind femora moderately long and slender, the infe- rior genicular Jobe with at least a darker basal spot or transverse band, the hind tibiae with a variable number of spines (generally nine to fourteen) in the outer series, by rare exception eight only. Abdo- men more or less compressed, the sides of the first segment with a dis- tinet tympanum, the extremity in the male more or less sometimes strongly clavate, usually considerably recurved, the subgenital plate of variable form, but always with the lateral margins ampliate at the base and with no distinet apical tubercle, though not infrequently api- cally produced or subtuberculate and frequently tumescent; cerci exceedingly variable in form, often enlarging apically, always lamellate excepting (the lakinus series—three species) where they are basally globose, never styliform, rarely (the puer series—two species) in the least substyliform, generally incurved and of about the length of the supraanal plate; furcula usually developed and to a very variable extent, and with variable form; pallium rarely exserted; ovipositor of female generally fully exserted. The type of the genus is Acridium femur-rubrum De Geer. The number of species of Melanoplus is so exceedingly great that I have endeavored to display their relationships in part by separating them into groups. Noticing how seldom the characteristic parts of the male abdomen agreed in the short-winged and long-winged forms, not- withstanding that one would look for their close agreement, I have first divided them in the following table into those which are fully equipped with ample organs of flight and those in which these organs are more or less undeveloped, and then have subdivided each according to other characteristics, endeavoring thus to bring into close contiguity those which appeared to be most nearly allied. I was not a little surprised to find in how few instances it was possible to combine the brachypterous and macropterous species in any one of these groups. Even in most of these, and especially in the dawsoni series (itself somewhat heter- ogeneous on either side), the collocation is rather forced. The groups into which I have divided the macropterous forms are far more nat- ural than those of the brachypterous species, and the portion of the table relating to the former is therefore much more satisfactory than the other. I have more than once completely remodeled that relating to the brachypterous species, but with no greater success than in that now presented. Much to my surprise, I find but a couple of species in this genus (M, dawson, M. marginatus) in which there is complete dimorphism shown in the full development on the one hand and extreme abbreviation on the other of the organs of flight. In other species, especially in M. fasci- atus and M. extremus, there is considerable variability, but nowhere else is it carried to this extreme. It is, however, found in Dendrotettix, No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 123 ~ _ Phoetaliotes, and Oedaleonotus, each of which is represented by a single species. I have treated this matter more fully in the Introduction. The present genus, so richly endowed with species, is naturally very widely distributed, though so far as known it is completely confined to the continent of North America, and even does not oceur, so far as _ reported,’ south of Mexico. Within this region it is as widespread as all the other genera combined. It extends from the arctic circle in Alaska and on the Mackenzie River, and from northern Labrador and perhaps southern Greenland on the north, to the extremity of Florida and southern Mexico on the south, and from the Atlantic to the Pacifie. It is, however, far richer in species in the west than in the east. Only seventeen of the one hundred and thirty-one species are found exclusively east of the Mississippi River, though four other eastern species barely cross it; while in the Rocky Mountain region and west of it, and there only, forty-nine- species are known, while thirty-two others are found only west of the Mississippi River and seven western species barely cross it to the east; six species, as stated in our introduction, range from Atlantic to Pacific; one occurs only north of our national bound- aries in Labrador, while nineteen others inhabit Canada; twelve are found only in Mexico, with ten others which it possesses in common with the United States. These figures show the western preponderance of the species better than any summary of the twenty-eight groups into which I have divided the genus, which, besides being rather unequal in the number of eon- tained species, often show an extremely wide distribution or more than one center of distribution, in the latter case indicating, perhaps, the imperfection of the grouping. Still. leaving out the five groups, each of which contains one or more transcontinental species, it will be noted that there are three others which compass the continent—the mancus (five species), plebejus (five species), and robustus (five species) series. Of the twenty remaining, one-half. viz, the flabellifer (six species), bow- ditchi (six species), glaucipes (two species), utahensis (three species), devastator (eight species), aridus (three species), rusticus (seven spe- cies), borckil (six species), cinereus (six species), and packardii (five species) series—extend westward to the Pacific; while only five—the impudicus (one species), dawsoni (seven species), puer (two species), inornatus (three species), and punctulatus (two species) series—reach eastward to the Atlantic coast; and the remaining five—the lakinus (three species), indigens (one species), alleni (two species’, augustipen- nis (four species), and texanus (five species) series—are found exclu- sively, or almost exclusively, west of the Mississippi River. One-half of the series are represented in Mexico, showing rather 'One species, M. borealis, is reported, in lift., by Brunner to occur at Valdivia, Chile; as its only other known localities are in the arctic regions, I am inclined to doubt the correctness of the determination, and presume the material to be insufficient. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. exceptional diversity for its twenty-two species, while ten series are represented in the twenty species hitherto found in Canada. Nearly all the series have a large latitudinal distribution, the most limited in this respect being :—in the north, the utahensis series (three species), from Washington and Alberta to Utah and Colorado, and the indi- gens series (one species), confined to Idaho; and in the south the lakinus series (three species), from Nebraska to central Mexico, the impudicus series (one species), found only in Georgia and Mississippi, the aridus series (three species), from Arizona to Jalisco, the puer series (two species), found in Texas and Florida, and the inoria us series (three species), occurring in Hlinois, Indiana, North Carolina, and northern Mexico. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MELANOPLUS. ! A‘. Tegmina conspicuously shorter than the abdomen, often no longer than pronotum ; furcula almost always developed feebly, generally no longer than the last dorsal seg- ment from which it arises. b!. Cerci of male-expanding from the base outward and bullate, abruptly tapering and bent inward at tip; subgenital plate of male abruptly elevated apically . (1. Lakinus series}. c!, Interval between mesosternal lobes of male nearly twice as long as broad ;? of female fully half as broad again as long .--..--..---- 1. marculentus (p. 139). c2. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male distinctly less than twice as long as broad; of female barely broader or not broader than long. d', Hind femora heavily bifasciate above and on the outer face; hind tibiae biuegshrouchout 222ks seceate cas nes - ieee eae eareepae 2. lakinus (p. 141). d*. Hind femora with feeble signs of bifasciation above only, if at all; hind tibiae pale red, apically infuscated --.... ..-.-.------2---- 3. sonorae (p. 143). b?, Cerci of male tapering in the basal half, usually from the very base, sometimes throughout, usually laminate; subgenital plate of male of variable elevation apically. e', Cerci of male beyond the middle either equal or tapering, sometimes simply styliform throughout, the tip usually more or less pointed but sometimes broad or truncate; metasternal lobes of male attingent or subattingent. * d}!. Cerci of male very broad and short, not more than twice as long as the middle breadth, and broadly rounded at apex (2. Flabellifer series). e', Tegmina about half as long as the abdomen and much longer than pro- notum; cerci of male not longitudinally suleate apically. f?. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male twice as broad posteriorly as anteriorly, the inner margins of the lobes regularly divergent; interval in female longer than broad; cerci of male but little longer than broad. 7. discolor (p. 149). J*. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male of nearly equal breadth in front and behind, the inner margins of the lobes convex; interval in female transverse; cerci of male nearly twice as long as broad. 8. sural (p. 180s ‘ By permission of the Assistant Secretary, this key has been eee in advance in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, XXXVI. No. 154. 2This interval is of various shapes in different species,— cuneiform, clepsydral, or rectangular, but for the purposes of this table the middle breadth is always taken. ’The cerci are faintly enlarged apically in M. meridionalis and WM. walshii, which come under this division. See also the note under the alternate category. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 125 e*, Tegmina shorter than the sniaiiran: cerci of male deeply sulcate ee gi- tudinally at apex and incurved .............---..---.- 9. rileyanus (p. 151). Cerci of male more elongate, at least twice, generally much more than twice, as long as middle breadth, ordinarily more or less acuminate at apex. e'. Cerci of male irregularly tapering or scarcely tapering at all, compressed, in no sense styliform. fi. Subgenital plate of male short and broad, its apical breadth equal to or surpassing the length of its Jateral margin. ! g}. Cerci of male long and very slerder, in the middle not one-half the width of the frontal costa; last dorsal segment of male with a pair of strongly oblique submedian sulci ontside the fureula;? subgenital plate not elevated apically (3. Aridus series). i’. Hind margin of pronotum truncato-emarginate; disk of metazona fully twice as broad as long; tegmina relatively slender, widely dis- tant. . i!, Disk of prozona coarsely and uniformly punctate; cerci of male apically enlarged and inferiorly acuminate at apex. 37. humphreysii (p. 206). . Disk of prozona coarsely punctate only along anterior margin; cerci of male apically equal, rounded at tip... 38. nitidus (p. 207). h®, Hind margin of pronotum obtusangulate but subtruncate; disk of metazona less than twice as broad as long; tegmina relatively broad, approximate, at least in the male.-....-.. 39. aridus (p. 209). g?. Cerci of male long and broad throughout, subequal, broader than the frontal costa; last dorsal segment of male with no oblique sulci out- sidethe furcula; subgenital plate apically elevated (10. Indigens series). 40. indigens (p. 211). 5, Cerci of male short or not very long, and broad or moderately slender, in the middle nearly as broad as if not broader than the frontal costa; last dorsal segment of male with no oblique sulci outside the fur- cula; subgenital plate not elevated apically (11. Mancus series). 1, Prozona, at least in male, much longer than broad, the disk of the whole pronotum more than twice as long as the middle breadth, the median carina percurrent, equal; interval between mesosternal lobes of male twice as long as broad..... ...--..----- 41. seudderi (p. 212). h?, Prozona, even in male, transverse, subquadrate or slightly longi- tudinal, the disk of the whole pronotum less than twice as long as middle breadth, the median carina often subobsolete between the sulei: interval between the mesosternal lobes of male not more than half as long again as broad. Cerci of male rather stont, subequal. Abdomen of male strongly recurved; forks of furenla diver- gent, distinctly longer than the last dorsal segment; subgenital plate with no apical tuberele.--...-..--.-.- 42. gillettei (p. 215). j?. Abdomen of male scarcely recurved; forks of furcula parallel, minute, hardly as long as the last dorsal segment; subgenital plate with a slight apical tubercle----...--- 43, artemisiae (p.217). 1Care should be taken not to include in the apical breadth any part of the membranous integument connecting it with the preceding ventral segment. For simplicity’s sake, the length of the plate is here considered its extent parallel to the lateral margin (or that margin itself) as seen from the side; its breadth, what would be its length along the ventral line were it regarded as one of the abdominal segments. 2This has not been seen, but is only inferred, in M. humphreysii. 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. #2. Cercirather slender, especially on apical half, of unequal width. j'. Tegmina shorter than the pronotum, broadly rounded or sub- angulate at apex; cerci long and rather slender, nearly straight as seen laterally. 2.222222 < eee eee eee Fes aes 44. mancus (p.218). jp. Tegmina as long as or longer than the pronotum, apically acuminate; cerci short and not very slender, rather strongly bent- arcuate as’ seen laterblly 22a eee eee eee 45. cancri (p. 219). Ff? Subgenital plate of male distinctly narrower than long, often narrow- ing apically. g'. Cerci of male tapering but little, generally rather stout, or if slen- der then tapering almost not at all in apical half, which is never less than half as broad as the base and is blunt-tipped, rarely, as in J. juvencus, angulate below. hi. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male at least half as long again as broad, sometimes fully twice as long; hind tibiae usually blue or green (12. Dawsoni series). i’. Cerei of male apically turned sharply inward at right angles or OVI LESS" ..2 535.2. 2cete: eos cee eee a eee 46. reflexus (p. 221). a2, Cerci of male straight or gently incurved, sometimes curved more strongly at apex but not bent abruptly at right afgles. j}. Lateral margins of subgenital plate of male, as seen from above, regularly convergent nearly to the tip; furcula developed only as slightly swollen lobes..-....--.--- 47. meridionalis (p. 223). j?. Lateral margins of subgenital plate of male, as seen from above, basally subparallel, apically rather broadly rounded; fur- cula developed as a pair of projecting spines or fingers. k!, Tegmina much shorter than the pronotum, widely separated ; interval between mesosternal lobes of female distinctly trans- verse, as broad as the lobes; subgenital plate of male with dis- tinct though minute apical tubercle..---. 48. militaris (p. 224). k?, Tegmina longer than the pronotum, overlapping; interval between mesosternal lobes of femule quadrate; subgenital plate of male with minute apical tubercle or none. U, Subgenital plate of male not pyramidal, nor elevated apically except by a minute apical tubercle; furcula minute, overlying the supraanal plate by a less distance than the length of the last dorsal segment; cerci bent roundly inward au bheapex 3221232 Bee eee reece as 3. nigrescens (p. 225). P?. Subgenital plate of male subpyramidal, broadly and roundly elevated at apex; furcula well developed, reaching middle of the supraanal plate; cerci very feebly incurved api- Allys eee Lo Genre se Joa eeSseone 2ooms< 50. dawsoni (p. 227). h?. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male subquadrate, often gradually widening posteriorly; hind tibiae usually red (13. Rusticus series). iv, Apical margin of subgenital plate of male more or less elevated - or tuberculate or both, generally well rounded as seen from above, never transverse. j'. Tegmina attingent or overlapping; cerci of male apically rounded; furcula distinctly developed; subgenital plate relatively long, subequal in breadth. k', Interspace between the eyes of male broader than the first antennal joint; cerci of male with arcuate upper margin; sub- genital plate apically elevated to a greater or less degree, but never conspicuously. =a, cate; interval between mesosternal lobes of female slightly transverse; subgenital plate of male moderately narrow. 53. montanus (p. 232). 2, Prosternal spine subconieal, bluntly pointed; interval between mesosternal lobes of female broadly transverse, some- times as broad as the lobes. nm. Interval between mesosternal lobes of female narrower than the lobes; cerci of male subequal throughout. nm, Prozona but little longer than the metazona; hind tibiae uniform in color beyond the patellar spot; tegmina transversely convex, so that the dorsal and lateral fields are not distinguished from each other by any angle; costal margin of same regularly arcuate. d4. washingtonianus (p. 233). n?., Prozona much longer than the metazona; hind tibiae with a broad pallid subbasal annulation; dorsal and Jat- eral fields of tegmina set in distinct planes; costal margin of same angulato-arcuate.....-..---. 55. walshii (p. 235). m?. Interval between mesosternal lobes of female fully*as broad as the lobes; cerci of male scarcely half as broad in the apical half as at base.......-- 56. altitudinum (p. 236). k2, Interspace between the eyes of male no broader than the first antennal joint; anal cerci of male with nearly straight upper margin; subgenital plate not apically elevated, though furnished with a backward directed tubercle formed by the angulation of the margin -...........--. 57. gracilipes (p. 238). j?. Tegmina lateral, widely separated; cerci of male apically trun- cate; furcula obsolescent; subgenital plate relatively short, of mneqial prea@the |. 442 =. esse sees secs. 58. geniculatus (p. 239). #2. Apical margin of subgenital plate of male neither elevated nor tuberculate, the margins as seen from above quadrate, apically transverse.....-... dda béodicad doo HERE eee 59. rusticus (p. 240). g?. Cerci of male tapering distinctly and abruptly, the apical less or almost less, generally very mach less, than half as broad as the basal portion and more or less acuminate (14. Borckii series). hi. Subgenital plate of maie more or less elevated posteriorly, but with no distinct apical tubercle. i}. Posterior margin of pronotum not mesially emarginate; tegmina attingent or approximate. j:. Interval between mesosternal lobes of female strongly trans- verse; lateral carinae of pronotum rounded so as to be subobso- lete; postocular piceous band generally distinct, complete, per- GUGM hye s ase ieee seis sess = Set se el Se ens co weiss soe 60. pacificus (p. 241). j?. Interval between mesosternal lobes of female subquadrate or feebly transverse; lateral carinae of pronotum distinct; postocu- lar piceous band generally obsolete or wholly wanting, and even when distinct wholly confined to the prozona.. 61. borchii (p. 243). #. Posterior margin of pronotum mesially emarginate; tegmina (lis- tant, lateral. ji. Color testaceous with feeble or no postocular dark belt. 62. tenuipennis (p.244). jp. Color dark fuscous with distinct and broad postocular band, at leastainy bhe meal Oper. cc ence cee ses 63. missionum (p. 246). h?. Subgenital plate of male distinctly tuberculate at tip. 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. i'. Tegmina more or less widely separated, rarely attingent; inter- val between mesosternal lobes of male twice or nearly twice as long again as broad; cerci not finely acuminate at tip. 64. fuscipes (p. 247). ®. Tegmina attingent; interval between mesosternal lobes of male only slightly longer than broad; cerci tapering, rather regular, sub- falcate, finely acuminate at tip---.-.---...---- 65. scitulus (p. 249). e2, Cerci of male feebly compressed, substyliform, tapering almost uniformly throughout, apically acuminate (15. Puer series). ine Tegmina attingent; subgenital plate of male short and broad, its apical breadth surpassing the length of its lateral margin, not elevated apically. 66. flabellatus (p. 251). f?. Tegmina distant; subgenital plate of male distinctly narrower than lone elevated! apical lin: a2 me ee tian ete OU mera (Enea ce, Cerci of male more or less expanded apically, so as to be broader at some point beyond the middle than at the middle, spatulate or subspatulate; meta sternal lobes of male separated by a variable interval.! d'. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male quadrate or subquadrate, rarely (M. amplectens) half as long again as broad; metasternal lobes of male of variable width. e!. Subgenital plate of male distinctly narrower than long, often narrowing apically. f'. Lateral margins of subgenital plate of male apically meeting more or less acutely and furnished here with a conical erect tubercle (16. Inornatus series). g'. Interval between mesosternal lobes of female slightly longer than broad; anal cerci of male broadly expanded apically; apical tubercle of subgenital plate of male blunt...............--. 68. inornatus (p. 254). g?. Interval between mesosternal lobes of female distinctly transverse ;” anal cerci of male very feebly expanded apically; apical tubercle of subgenital plate acute. hi. Hind femora fasciate; apical half of male cerci moderately broad, the narrowest part more than half as broad as the base; lobes of funcula shont cose ce sok acess tote eae cee sae 69. viridipes (p. 255). h?, Hind femora not fasciate ; fatal half of male cerci very slender, the narrowest part not more than a third as broad as the base; lobes of furcula Jones 22 2225s ceee ee eee ae 70. decorus (p. 257) f?. Lateral margins of subgenital plate of male meeting with a rounded eurve, which if apically elevated does not form a conical tubercle (17. Fasciatus series). g'. Cerci of male strongly incurved and conspicuously enlarged apically. h'. Cerei of male very slender, in the middle not one-third as broad as at base, the apical lobe feebly bifid; furcula developed as slender spines about a fourth the length of the supraanal plate. 71. attenuatus (p. 259). h?. Cerci of male stout, in the middle more than half as broad as at base, the apical lobe single; furcula devotoned as mere denticulations. 2. ampleciens (p. 260). g?. Cerci of male at most gently if at all incury ad, and feebly if at all enlarged apically. h'. Metasternal lobes of male subattingent; tegmina shorter than the pronotum; anal cerci of male straight as seen laterally or slightly upeurved apically. ‘The cerci are barely enlarged apically in M. viridipes, which comes under this division. See, also, the note under the alternate category. 2The female of MW. decorus is not known. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 129 ne = z, ean of male ended At an ; eter \ arcae ode nes ond the hind margin of the last dorsal segment; apical margin of the subgenital plate slightly elevated above the lateral margins. J‘. Supraanal plate of male suddenly contracted before the tip; anal cerci regularly incurved throughout; subgenital plate very HLOML Ab MASEL Joc mee one aay eee ee Tee fe 73. saltator (p. 2:1). J. Supraanal plate of male regularly triangular; anal cerci slightly twisted as well as incurved; subgenital plate narrow at base. 74. rotundipennis (p. 263), i?, Cerci of male truncate at tip; lobes of furcula long; apical mar- gin of subgenital plate in no way elevated above the lateral margins. 75. obovatipennis (p. 264). h?, Metasternal lobes of male only approximate; tegmina as long as ‘ or much longer than the pronotum; anal cerci of male slightly de- curved apically, or at least inferiorly angulate at apex. i. Tegmina not much longer than the pronotum; cerci of male deli- cate, tapering considerably in apical half; subgenital plate only slightly elevated posteriorly, no broader there than at base. 76. juvencus (p. 266), #. Tegmina more than half as long as the abdomen; cerci of male coarse and stout, tapering but little in basal half; subgenital plate strongly elevated posteriorly and there very broad. 77. fasciatus (p. 267). e?, Subgenital plate of male short and broad, its apical breadth equal to or surpassing the length of its lateral margin,—see previous note (18. Alleni BOnIES)); J}. Tegmina twice as long as pronotum; cerci of male relatively long and narrow ; male cerci fully three times as long as broad... 79. alleni (p. 273). f?. Tegmina of about the length of the pronotum; cerci of male broad and relatively short; male cerci not more than twice as long as broad. 80. snowit (p. 274). @, Interval between mesosternal lobes of male nearly or quite twice, some- times more than twice, as long as broad; metasternal lobes of male attingent or subattingent. e'. Subgenital plate of male short and broad, its apical breadth equal to or surpassing the length of its lateral margin,—see previous note (23. Texanus series). Jf'. Tegmina widely separated, lateral; interval between mesosternal lobes of male more than twice as long as broad; furcula consisting of a pair of exceptionally broad and short plates -........---. 101. dumicola (p. 318). f?. Tegmina subattingent, attingent, or overlapping; interval between mesosternal lobes of male less, generally much less, than twice as long as broad; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate pointed denticulations, g'. Subgenital plate of male ending in a conical tubercle. 102. variabilis (p. 319). g?. Subgenital plate of male with no pointed tubercle. h'. Lobes of furcula longer than broad; extremity of subgenital plate of male elevated, but not noticeably recurved; interval between mesosternal lobes of male hardly more than half as long again as broad. i}. Apex of male cerci angulate below ........ 103. lepidus (p. 321). @, Apex of male cerci equally rounded above and below. 104. blatchleyi (p. 322). Proce. N. M. vol. xx——9 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. h?. Lobes of fureula broader than long; extremity of subgenital plate of male elevated and considerably recurved; interval between meso- sternal lobes of male nearly or quite twice as long as broad. 105. teranus (p. 324). e. Subgenital plate of male distinctly narrower than long, often narrowing apically (24. Plebejus series). f). Hind margin of pronotum distinctly though obtusely angulate ; inter- val between mesosternal lobes of female at least half as long again as broad; apical portion of anal cerci of male distinctly and sharply suleate OXTOWOLLY Se aot eee 2 Soh ae ee oe eee ees 106. plebejus (p. 326). f®. Hind margin of pronotum rarely angulate, sometimes emarginate; interval between mesosternal lobes of female (where known) subquadrate; apical portion of anal cerei of maic exteriorly tumid or plane. g:. Posterior margin of pronotum distinctly emarginate in the middle; tegmina widely separated; cerci of male elongate, surpassing the supra- anal plate; subgenital plate broader at base than apically, its apical margin regularly rounded and even ......--..---- 107. gracilis (p. 327). g?. Posterior margin of pronotuim obtusely angulated or rounde:l trun- cate, with at most but feeblest sien of any emargination; tegmina attin- geut or overlapping; cerci of male relatively brief, not surpassing the supraanal plate: subgenital plate not broader at base than apically, its apical margin angulate or tuberculate. h'. Tegmina shorter than pronotum; posterior margin of pronotum rounded truncate with feeblest signs of mesial emargination; cerci of male curved slightly upward; subgeuital plate ending in a blunt rather coarse tubercle:=- 222 sescee a= = ae eee LOSaMNONSI Cpa aye h?. Tegmina longer than pronotum; posterior margin of pronotum distinctly though very obtusely angulate; cerci of male curved feebly downward; subgenital plate ending in a delicate pointed tubercle. 109. marginatus (p. 330). A?. Tegmina nearly or quite as long as, or longer than, the abdomen; furcula usually well developed, generally at least a quarter as long as the supraanal plate, but some- times obsolete. b!. Cerci of male rapidly expanding from the base toward the middle, as a whole broad and short, flabellate, rarely twice as long as broad, not expanded apically (2. Flabellifer series). el. Cerci of male twice as broad in broadest as in narrowest portion. d@', Subgenital plateof male with adistinct though minute independent ! apical UMD OT Cl © epee Sess cree eere sa = oes tet eray ce apa opers ene eet 4. occidentalis (p. 145). d2. Subgenital plate of male with only an obscure trace of apical tubercle. 5. cuneatus (p. 147). ce, Cerci of male with no striking inequality in breadth.. 6. flabellifer (p. 148). b2. Cerei of male tapering from the very base toward the middle, rarely equal in basal portion.” generally long and slender and rarely as little as twice as long as broad. e'. Cerci of male beyond the middle either equal or tapering, the tip usually slender or acuminate, never bifurcate (in WV. ater it enlarges feebly). d', Fureula of male developed as large flattened lobes, about half as long as the supraanal plate and exceptionally broad, but apically narrowed by the considerable excision of their inner side; subgenital plate not elevated apically above the lateral margins (3. Bowditchi series). | That is, not formed by the culmination of the more or less pyramidal form of the subgenital plate. 2Tn rare instances it expands slightly from the extreme base, but it is then greatly expanded apically. ” No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 131 e'. Body, tegmina, and legs almost wholly green, the hind femora not banded. f'. Sides of the disk of the prozona with a distinct narrow yellow stripe, extending to the upper margin of the eyes; passage of the disk of the pro- notum into the lateral lobes more gradual than in the aiternate category ; hind tibiae green; antennae apically infuscated.... 10. herbaceus (p. 153). f?. Disk of pronotum and summit of head uniform in coloration, the for- mer passing into the lateral lobes with a more distinct angle than in the alternate category; hind tibiae blue; antennae uniform. 1i, flavescens (p. 155). e*. Body, tegmina, and legs brown or testaceous, the hind femora generally banded with dark colors. f'. Forks of the male furcula more or less obliquely or transversely trun- cate at tip and given an oppositely hooked appearance by the rounded excision of the inner margin; hind femora generally distinctly banded. g). Highly variegated, the lateral lobes of pronotum conspicuously marked with an unequal bright flavons stripe next the lateral carinae; male cerei very feebly expanded and externally sulcate apically. 12. pictus (p. 156). g?. Rather uniform in coloring, the lateral lobes with no bright stripe; male cerci in no way expanded apically and externally tumid rather than sulcate. h!. Lateral lobes of prozona with a broad and usually distinct piceous band above; tegmina generally distinctly flecked along the middle Iter a sao SoS be Sone Paes Se ceeucs Gomceo semacae 13. bowditchi (p. 157). h?. Lateral lobes of prozona with a narrow or no distinct band above; tegmina very obscurely flecked, if at all, along the middle line. 14. flavidus (p. 158). f?. Forks of the male furcula rounded symmetrically at tip, the inner margin scarcely more excised than the outer, so that the forks are straight and not oppositely hooked; bands of hind femora scarcely perceptible. 15. elongatus (p.160). d?, Furcula of male variously developed, rarely at all unusually broad and flattened, and then either not apically emarginate on the inner side, or the subgenital plate is considerably elevated apically, or both. e'. Subgenital plate of male almost or quite as broad as the marginal length, its apical margin generally notched; cerci broad and nearly equally broad throughout (except sometimes narrowed by the oblique excision of the lower side of the apical half), the basal half scarcely tapering, the whole rarely more than twice and never thrice as long as the middle breadth (except in a few cases, and then the apical margin of the subgenital plate is mesially notched), very broadly rounded at apex. fi. Apicalmargin of subgenital plate of male not mesially notched; meso- sternum of male variable. g'. Apical margin of subgenital plate of male but slightly elevated above the lateral margins and moderately prolonged posteriorly ; meso- sternum of male in front of lobes flat (4. Glaucipes series). h', Prozona of male longer than its posterior breadth; lateral carinae more pronounced on prozona than on metazona; interval between mesosternal lobes of. male twice as long as broad; hind tibiae blue. 16. glaucipes (p. 161). h2. Prozona of male transverse; lateral carinae more pronounced on metazona than on prozona; interval between mesosternal lobes of male subquadrate; hind tibiae red -.....-.--- 17. kennicottii (p. 163). g. Apical margin of subgenital plate of male conspicuously elevated above the lateral margins and greatly prolonged posteriorly ; mesoster- 132 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX num of male in front of lobes with a central swelling, forming a blunt — tubercle (5. Utahensis series). h!. Apical margin of subgenital plate of male entire;! lobes of fur- cula not exceptionally broad; subgenital plate greatly but not excess- ively prolonged i. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male more than twice as long as broad; of female a little longer than broad; male cerci more than twice as long as broad; apical margin of subgenital plate of male, as seen from behind, subtruncate.-...---- 18. bruneri (p. 164). i2. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male much less than twice as long as broad; of female transverse; male cerci less than twice as long as broad; apical margin of subgenital plate of male, as seen fromibehind round ede ese. .aeeee yee eee 19. excelsus (p. 166). h?. Apical margin of subgenital plate of male deeply notched on either side of the middle; lobes of furcula exceptionally broad, subequal throughout; subgenital plate excessively prolonged. : 20. utahensis (p. 167). f?. Apical margin of subgenital plate of male mesially notched; mesoster- num of male in front of lobes with a central swelling, forming a blunt tubercle (6. Spretus series). ; g!. Tegmina extending beyond hind femora, if at all, by not more than the length of the pronotum, generally by much less than that; prozona of male quadrate or very feebly transverse; cerci of male generally almost or quite twice as long as broad. ht. Cerci of male regularly subfalciform, both margins being uni- formly and distinctly curved rather than bent, and more than twice as long as) median breadithiss2=-— sss sere 21. alaskanus (p. 169). h?. Cerci of male nearly straight as viewed laterally, or slightly bent upward in apical half, rather than curved. i!, Cerci of male distinctly more than twice as long as median breadth, the apical half subequal but narrower than the basal half. j'. Hind tibiae normally pale glaucous; when red, pale red. ki, Larger, robust; median carina usually as distinct between the sulci as on the anterior portion of the prozona. 22. affinis (p. 171). k?, Smaller, slender; median carina usually obsolete or sub- obsolete between the sulci..---.....-.-- 23. intermedius (p. 172). G2. Lumdstibiae brichtered = sseee ease eee 24. bilituratus (p. 174). #@. Cerei of male not more than twice as long as median breadth, the apical half not only narrower than the basal half, but itself tapering throughout, obliquely truncate beneath; hind tibiae usually red. j'. Tegmina brief, not nearly reaching the tips of the hind femora; apical margin of subgenital plate of male greatly elevated. 25. defectus (p. 177). j*. Tegmina reaching, generally considerably surpassing, the tips of the hind femora; apical margin of subgenital plate of male moderately elevatedis=-hse.-eeee aes o eee oe 26. atlanis (p. 178). g?. Tegmina extending beyond hind femora by the length of the prono- tum or nearly as much, often by the-length of the head and pronotum combined; prozona of male generally strongly transverse; cerci of male not more than half as long again as broad.....---- 27. spretus (p. 184). 1 It is occasionally fissured mesially (perhaps in drying) but not properly notched or bilobed. NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 133 e. Breadth of subgenital plate of male variable, but generally narrower than long, its apical margin usually entire; cerci rarely less than four times as long as middle breadth (when less, at least three times as long, and then the apical margin of the subgenital plate is entire), generally slender, excepting sometimes at extreme base when there is great disparity in width between the basal and apical halves, the basal half generally tapering considerably, the apical half often much narrower than the basal, rarely showing any excision of the lower margin, the apex narrowly rounded or bluntly pointed. f'. Subgenital plate of male as broad or nearly as broad at apex as at base, generally elevated apically and often notched (generally narrowly); cerci usually narrowing but little on basal half, the apical half equal and sym- metrical, bluntly rounded (rarely truncate or angulate) apically. g'. Apicalmargin of subgenital plate of male notched with greater or less distinctness; cerci slender, narrower than the frontal costa, subequal, straight or only gentiy ineurved (7. Devastator series). ht. Small species, with tegmina not surpassing the hind femora in either sex; interval between mesosternal lobes of male distinctly less than twice as broad as long. i!. Cerci of male narrowed rather than broadened apically. j'. External surface of male cerci apically dimpled; furcula with the tapering portion relatively broad, distinetly flattened, almost reaching the middle of the supraanal plate. k'. Prozona of male longitudinal; fingers of fureula parallel; cerci bent inward apically...-..-.-.-...-. 28. diminutus (p. 190). k*, Prozona of male quadrate; fingers of furcula divergent; cerci gently incurved throughout.... 29. consanguineus (p. 192). j?. External surface of male cerci suleate through apical third or more; furcula with the tapering portion very slender, not flat- tened, not nearly reaching the middle of the supraanal plate. 30. sierranus (p. 193). @. Cerci of male feebly enlarged apically rather than narrowed. 31. ater (p. 194). h?. Medium-sized species, with tegmina almost always surpassing the hind femora in the male and usually in both sexes; interval between mesosternal lobes of male fully twice, generally more than twice, as long as broad. i!1, Tegmina more or less, generally distinctly and profusely, mac- ulate. ji. Lateral lobes of prozona with a generally distinct black band, rarely broken and then by no conspicuous pale oblique stripe. 32. devastator (p. 196). j’. Lateral lobes of prozona with a distinet black band, always broken by a conspiuous more or less arcuate oblique pale stripe. 33. virgatus (p. 199). #. Tegmina immaculate or with the feeblest possible sign of macu- lation. ji. Whole body, including tegmina, very light colored, having a bleached appearance with no dark markings, except (and very rarely) dusky clouds on hind femora.-...... 34, uniformis (p. 201). j*» Whole body, including tegmina, moderately dark, the lateral lobes with a darker stripe and the hind femora distinctly though not conspicuously bifasciate......-....--.. 35. angelicus (p. 202). g. Apical margin of subgenital plate of male entire; cerci either broad (broader than the frontal costa or fully as broad as it) and sub- equal; or else very inequal, tapering rapidly at the base and generally arcuate; hind tibiae usually red. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL) xk hi. Supraanal plate regularly triangular with straight margins; sub- genital plate with a postmarginal tuberele at apex (8. Impudicus EIS) Near abaaSerce Seasen es SHah im AcoldeaEPpoadc 36. impudicus (p. 204). h?. Supraanal plate with sides more or less irregular or sinuate by lateral compression or by the depression of the apical half of the plate; subgenital plate with no postmarginal tubercle though some- times with the margin itself apically thickened. i. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male distinctly longer, generally much longer, than broad and much narrower than the lobes; metasternal lobes attingent or subattingent in the male (12. lawsoni series). ji. Subgenital plate of male broad, at least as broad as long; cerci incurved feebly and gently or not at all; hind tibiae red. 50. dawsoni (p. 227). j*. Subgenital plate of male rather narrow, narrower than long, although short; cerci abruptly ineurved apically; hind tibiae yellow. k'. Tegmina only attaining the tip of the hind femora; supra- anal plate of male suddenly depressed in apical half; furcula slightly developed, shorter than last dorsal segment. 51. gladstoni (p. 229). k?. Tegmina considerably surpassing the tip of the hind femora; supraanal plate of male not apically depressed; furcula well developed, about one-third as long as the supraanal plate. 52, palmeri (p. 230). #. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male quadrate, almost or a little transverse and but little narrower than the lobes; meta- sternal lobes of male only approximate (17. Fasciatus series). j'. Cerci no slenderer or hardly slenderer on apical than on basal half, far surpassing the supraanal plate; furcula very slight, not so long as last dorsal segment ...-.-.....--- 77. fasciatus (p. 267). j?. Cerci much slenderer on apical than on basal half, shorter than the supraanal plate; furcula long and slender, reaching the mid- dleof the/supraanal plates 222 -- S22. 252-2 eo- 78. borealis (p. 270). f?. Subgenital plate of male conspicuously narrower at apex than at base (generally only half as wide), rarely at all elevated at apex above the lateral margins and never notched!: cerci always distinctly narrowing on basal half, the upper angle of the apex prolonged and often subacuminate (19. Femur-rubrum series). g'. Distal half of male cerci much less than half as broad as the extreme base; interval between mesosternal lobes of male nearly or quite twice as long as broad; tegmina usually surpassing the hind femora. '. Pronotum marked above with hght carinal streaks on a dark ground; tegmina dark olivaceous green..-.---- 81. plumbeus (p. 276). h?. Pronotum uniform in coloring above; tegmina dark fuscous. i. Fureula not reaching or searcely reaching the middle of the SUpraanal plateeee sae ee eee eee 82. femur-rubrum (p. 278). 2. Fureula extending considerably beyond the middle of the supra- anal plater..2 2 ee eso. ere ee ee eee 83. propinquus (p. 285). g?. Distal half of male cerci distinctly more than half as broad as the extreme base; interval between mesosternal lobes of male scarcely if at all longer than broad; tegmina usually falling far short of the tips of the hind femora. 1 Except in VW. monticola, where it is very broadly and shallowly notched by the tubereular elevation of the lateral extremities of the apical margin. NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 135 h'. Apical margin of subgenital plate not elevated where it joins the lateral margins, so that it is straight as seen from behind. 84. extremus (p. 287). h?. Apical margin of subgenital plate elevated to form a tubercle where it joins the lateral margins, so that it is broadly notched as SCONE OME eHING EHS 4 aimee cise s Sec = Seles eer 85. monticola (p. 290). c?, Cerci of male more or less expanded apically, so as to be broader at some point beyond the middle than at the middle, spatulate or subspatulate or apically bifurcate. d'. Cerci of male simply spatulate or subspatulate, at most moderately broad, apically entire and no broader than at base; furcula always developed as dis- tinct denticulations, generally as long or very long ones. e', Fureula of male long and prominent, the projecting portion much longer than the last dorsal segment from which it springs, generally more than a third as long as the supraanal plate. f}. Subgenital plate of male only moderately broad at apex, distinctly narrower than long, never in the least notched and rarely, and then but slightly, elevated apically; fureula rarely (and then but little) less, usually more, than half as long as the supraanal plate; hind tibiae green or blue, rarely (JJ. complanatipes) reddish yellow (20. Cinereus series). g'. Fureula of male only moderately broad at base, tapering uniformly, not more than half as long as the supraanal plate; cerci uniformly incurved throughout, not nearly reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; the latter abruptly and strongly contracted shortly before its tip. hi. Prozona of male quadrate or transverse; apical margin of sub- genital plate of male, as seen from above, well rounded. 86. bispinosus (p. 292). h?, Prozona of male a little longer than its basal breadth; apical margin of subgenital plate of male, as seen from above, rounded ang ulate! 222s sar Fe eee Pa eae Cae heehee 2 87. terminalis (p. 293). g?. Furculaof male unusually broad at base, usually tapering unequally, the narrowing beginning beyond the base and leaving a portion of the apex equal and very slender, the whole considerably more than half the length of the supraanal plate; cerci bent suddenly inward before the tip and at the tip reassuming, at least in part, the original course, reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; the latter with no abrupt pre- apical constriction. eta h}, The distal twist of the male cerci conspicuous and mvolving the apical half of the same. uv. Fureula of male narrowing uniformly or almost uniformly through- out; hind margin of pronotum very obtusangulate; disk of pronotum dotted obscurely if at all with fuscous......--- 88. cyanipes (p. 295). i. Fureula of male with a considerable part of the apical portion equal and very slender; hind margin of pronotum only a little obtusangulate; disk of pronotum generally distinctly dotted with HUSCOUSUA ee tece eae eee ee ood Soe ene eee 89. cinereus (p. 296). h?. The distal twist of the male cerci inconspicuous, involving only the extreme tip. i}. Tegmina long and very slender, far surpassing the hind femora, without distinct spots; hind femora strongly compressed; hind tibiaemeddish yellow =--+-. -22-=--see ose 90. complanatipes (p. 298). *. Tegmina of normal width and but little surpassing the hind femora, maculate along the discoidal area; hind femora normal; pindstibraerelawcous)s225- sees eee eee cee 91. canonicus (p. 300). 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XX. f2. Subgenital plate of male very broad apically, nearly or quite as broad as long, apically generally notched, though very feebly; furecula rarely (and then but little) more than a third the length of the supraanal plate; hind tibiae usually red, but sometimes blue or green (21. Angustipennis series). g! hs . Hind tibiae red. h', Prozona of male subquadrate; tegmina very slender, subequal, scarcely expanded on the costa; furcula of male with straight sub- jE MEM AKO Wie BEERS ES Soe Sec obs Sosc ooecsS scm eye 92. comptus (p. 302). h2?. Prozona of male distinctly longitudinal, much longer than its basal breadth; tegmina of ordinary breadth and costal expansion, tapering; furcula of male with arcuate, strongly divergent forks. ; 93. coccineipes (p. 303). . Hind tibiae glaucous. ht. Fureula of male not more than a third as long as the supraanal plate; tegmina lightly maculate or immaculate. ; 94. angustipennis (p. 305). h?. Fureula of male more than a third as long as the supraanal plate; tegmina usually heavily maculate.............-.-- 95. impiger (p. 306). e2. Fureula of male slight, the projecting portion not longer or scarcely longer than the last dorsal segment from which it springs. f). Subgenital plate of male broad, throughout broader than the extreme base of the cerci; apical portion of supraanal plate suddenly depressed just beyond the middle; cerci moderately broad, not much narrowed in the middle, more or less suddenly bent inward near tip, exteriorly sulcate at apex (22. Packardii series). g' . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male nearly or quite twice as long as broad. h'. Median carina of pronotum obsolete or almost obsolete on the pro- zona, distinct but low on the metazona; extremity of male cerci nearly plane exteriorly or merely depressed within the margin; forks of furcula conspicuously divergent. i!, Prozona ordinarily with a broad median dark stripe, made more conspicuous by the much lighter colors on either side, or else light- brownish testaceous; antennae of male but little more than three- fourths as long as the hind femora; hind tibiae blue or red. 96. packardii (p. 309). #. Prozona with uniform dingy coloring on disk; antennae of male almost aslong as the hind femora; hind tibiae red. 97. foedus (p.311). h?, Median carina of pronotum tolerably distinct on the prozona, at least anteriorly, distinct and moderately high on the metazona; extremity of male cerci deeply suleate exteriorly or else tumid; forks of furcula parallel or only slightly divergent. iv. Larger species; narrowest part of interval between mesosternal lobes of male narrower than tbe narrowest part of frontal costa; sides of head and prozona rarely with any black band; interval between mesosternal lobes of female strongly transverse; hind fem- ora red beneath; hind tibiae stout......--- 98. corpulentus (p. 315). @. Smaller species; narrowest part of interval between mesosternal lobes of male equal to the narrowest part of frontal costa; sides of head and prozona with a black band; interval between mesosternal lobes of female subquadrate; hind femora yellow beneath; hind tibideislen densa Jae acta. last oars aes rece ee 99. conspersus (p. 315). . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male subquadrate. 100. compactus (p. 316). No. 1124, REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 137 Jf®. Subgenital plate of male very narrow and narrower apically than the extreme base of the cerci; supraanal plate on the same general plane throughout; cerci slender and much narrowed in the middle, gradually incurved, exteriorly tumid at apex (24. Plebejus series). g'. Subgenital plate of male, as seen from above, apically angulate and WU ETCMIALE 8.5 -m,s cia 5 2e arc sep afore, caine oacee ee 109. marginatus (p. 330), g. Subgenital plate of male, as seen from above, apically well rounded DUCCSIIM Lek wea ape tee.ae speek ie tos ta Ue 110. paroxyoides (p. 331). d?, Cerci of male apically bitureate, or with an inferior submedian process or abrupt angulation, or else expanded so as to be distinctly, generally much, broader apically than at the extreme base; fureula wanting or minute, rarely (MM. arizonae) a fourth as long as the supraanal plate. e'. Size small or medium; cerci of male always bifureate or with an inferior submedian process or abrupt angulation; supraanal plate pretty regularly triangular, with straight or feebly convex lateral margins; furcula usually distinctly developed, rarely (M. collinus) wanting; prosternal spine usually short (25. Collinus series). f?. Lower fork of bifurcation of male cerci much longer than the upper; apical margin of subgenital plate narrowly, abruptly, and considerably elevated. g'. Small species; interval between mesosternal lobes of male more than twice as long as broad; of female quadrate; median portion of male cerci cylindrical, not compressed®.---..--....----- 111. alpinus (p. 333). g°. Very small species; interval between mesosternal lobes of male half as long again as broad; of female transverse; median portion of male CeLreiicompressed. ae 2s eeeee eee eee ee eEO 112. infantilis (p. 335). f?. Upper fork of bifurcation of male cerci longer than the lower, which -is sometimes merely an inferior median or postmediau process; apical margin of subgenital plate elevated, if at all, only broadly, gradually, and a little. g'. Fureula of male distinctly present; apical margin of subgenital plate distinctly elevated more or less above the lateral margins. h'. Fureula of male consisting of slender spines, longer than the last dorsal segment; base of lateral margins of snbgenital plates incurved. i}, Fureula of male less than a fourth as long as the supraanal plate ; apical half of cerci bent upward from the basal course. j). Prozona of male subquadrate; supraanal plate with ‘the apical and basal portions in one plane; subgerital plate of equal or sub- equal breadth beyond the middle...--....--- 113. minor (p. 337). j'. Prozona of male distinctly longitudinal; supraanal plate with the apical porticen distinctly elevated above the median; subgen- ital plate distinctly narrowing beyond the middle. 114. confusus (p. 339). i?. Fureula of male half as long as the supraanal plate; anal cerci incurved but otherwise straight.........--.. 115. arizonae (p. 340). h?, Fureula of male consisting of brief triangular lobes; base of lateral margins of subgenital plate not incurved. i!, Interval between mesosternal lobes of male twice as long as broad; upper fork of cerci scarcely bent upward above the trend of the basal stem. j'. Upper fork of male cereci much shorter than the stem; sub- genital plate shorter than broad....---.----- 116. keeleri (p. 341). j?. Upper fork of male cerci nearly as long as the stem; subgen- ital plate of equal length and breadth. .--.---. 117. deletor (p. 343). i?. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male scarcely longer than broad; upper fork of cerci bent distinetly upward. 118. luridus (p. 344). 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, g?. Fureula of male absent; apical margin of subgenital plate not ele- vated above the lateral margins .......-....-.--: 119. collinus (p. 346). e*, Size medium or large; cerci of male rarely bifurcate or with an inferior process (and then the insect is of large size, which it never is in the alter- nate category, and the supraanal plate is distinctly shield-shaped, the apical half tapering with much greater rapidity than the basal; or the fureula is absent; or the interval between the mesosternal lobes of the male is three times as long as broad, which it never is in the alternate category); supra- anal plate of variable shape; furcula either absent or very minutely developed; prosternal spine usually long. f!. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male nearly, fully, or much more than twice as long as broad; of female generally longer than broad, rarely quadrate; prosternal spine generally long; tegmina usually clear, or with a marked distinction in color between the dorsal and lateral areas, or with the angle between the two marked by a conspicuous light-colored stripe; head less prominent and with less prominent eyes in the male than in the alternate category, the front margin of the pronotum in no way flaring to receive the head. g'. Fureula of male entirely absent, or present only as a minute point or bead; hind tibiae usually yellow, but sometimes red (26. Robustus series). h'. Tegmina fully equal to or surpassing the hind femora; hind tibiae yellow. i!. Cerci of male boot-shaped, the apical foot as long as the basal leg, the apical margin deeply emarginate below; markings of the outer face of hind femora so run together as to be more longitudinal than tYATIS VETSC% coe eaten coe eee Goce Saale 120. differentialis (p. 349). i?. Cerci of male apically expanded only a little more above than below, the apical margin regularly or almost regularly convex; markings of outer face of hind femora transverse. 121. robustus (p. 354). h?. Tegmina somewhat abbreviated, not reaching the extremity of the hind femora; hind tibiae red or reddish yellow. i}. Apical margin of male cerci convex or angulato-convex. j}. Tegmina distinctly and considerably spotted with fuscous on the lateral face; cerci of male nearly equal on proximal half, the apical mare! ConViex-see- oe eae eeee eee eee eee 122. viola (p. 355). jy. Tegmina almost uniformly fuscous on lateral face; cerci of male distinctly tapering on proximal half, the apical margin broadly annulate sece. ooo e ei cee ke eee ere eee 123. clypeatus (p. 357). ®. Male cerci apically forked, the apical border being deeply GMATSINALEL . a= sees sete ee eee eee eee 124. furcatus (p. 358). g*. Fureula of male distinctly present, though always very small, angu- late, the angle rarely produced; hind tibiae never yellow, usually red, rarely purplish and yellow at tip (27. Bivittatus series). h'. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male distinctly more than twice as long as broad; pronotum with conspicuous light-colored lateral stripes on the disk, their outer margin at the position of lateral carinae. i. Cerei of male very much more expanded apically above than below, the apical border slightly emarginate below. j'. Hind tibiae clear red throughont-.--.- 125. femoratus (p. 360). jy. Hind tibiae purplish basally, yellow, rarely reddish, apically. 126. bivittatus (p. 363). ®. Cerci of male apically expanded but little more above than below; the apical border convex, with no emargination below.-....-.------- 127. thomasi (p. 368). NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 139 h?. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male a little less than twice as long as broad; pronotum unicolorous on disk, any lateral stripes being confined to the position of lateral carinae. i. Prozona of male teebly longitudinal; apical margin of snb- genital plate considerably elevated and truncate; furcula formed of apically rectangulate lobes. ......-.-....---- 128. yarrowiti (p. 369). i, Prozona of male distinctly longitudinal; apical margin of sub- genital plate considerably prolonged and subtuberculate; furcula formed of rounded lobes with a slight prolongation ..-.-........_.. 129. olivaceus (p. 370). f?. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male subquadrate; of female transverse; prosternal spine short; tegmina maculate with roundish fus- cous spots; eyes of male and head prominent, the front margin of the pro- notum flaring to receive the head (28. Punctulatus series). g'. Of large size; furcula present as a pair of very small denticulations; apical margin of male cerci broadly convex, feebly emarginate on the lowerghallf <2 s- 2a. Sane see ech tes os sescec eset 150. arboreus (p. 3872). g. Of medium size; furenla wanting; apical margin of male cerci angulato-convex with no inferior emargination.131. punctulatus (p. 37+). 1. LAKINUS SERIES. In this small and compact group the prozona of the male is longitu- dinal, and the interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex longer than broad, sometimes twice as long as broad. The anten- nae are rather short. The tegmina are but little longer than the pro- notum, overlapping, and apically acuminate. The hind tibiae are glau- cous (or pale red) with nine to twelve (normally ten) spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate is subtriangular, with rather plane surface, except for the rather prominent ridges bordering and forming between them the median suleus; the furcula consists of a pair of pointed slen- der teeth but little longer than the last dorsal segment; the cerei are very peculiar, enlarging and bullate beyond the base, but with angu- lar margins, suleate inferiorly, compressed but longitudinally convex exteriorly, abruptly narrowing beyond the middle and incurved, ending in a superior, short, flattened finger directed toward the tip of the supraanal plate; the subgenital plate is very short and apically very broad, subconical, with a strongly and abruptly elevated though laterally brief apical margin. The three species belonging here are rather bulky insects, rather above the medium size for the genus, and they range trom southwestern Nebraska and Colorado to central Mexico. 1. MELANOPLUS MARCULENTUS, new species. (Plate X, fig.1.) Pezotettiz marculentus BRUNER!, MS. Brownish fuscous, often more or less testaceous. Head brownish testaceous, tending to flavous above, where there is a rather broad posteriorly enlarging median streak and a broad submedian brownish 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. piceous band; vertex somewhat tumid, barely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes nearly (male) or much more than (female) twice as broad as the first antennal joint; fastig- ium distinctly suleate, with elevated rounded margins; frontal costa fading just before the clypeus at least in the male, slightly narrowed above, as broad as the interspace between the eyes (or barely nar- rower in the female), slightly suleate excepting above, punctate throughout; eyes of moderate size, slightly prominent in the male, barely longer (male) or barely shorter (female) than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae rufous, sometimes a little infuscated apically, two-thirds (male) or less than tliree-fifths (femnale) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum slightly (male) or distinctly (female) enlarging from in front posterio:ly, the disk rounded subtectiform, passing by a distinct but rounded angle into the gently tumid subh- vertical lateral lobes, often with feeble subflavous lateral stripes next the lateral carinae, the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona occupied by a more or less distinct blackish (sometimes piceous) belt, sometimes followed below by luteous flecks; median carina percurrent but less distinct on the prozona than on the metazona, generally sub- obsolete between the sulci in the male; front margin faintly convex, hind margin very broadly obtusangulate, sometimes rotundato-obtus- angulate; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or faintly longitudinal or quadrate (female), fully a third (male) or but little (female) longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, appressed conical, rather bluntly pointed, a little retrorse; interspace between mesosternal lobes from half as long again as broad to twice as broad with divergent sides (male) or transverse but much narrower than the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or approximate (female). Tegmina ovate lanceolate, apically acuminate, overlapping, somewhat longer than the pronotum, brownish fuscous, generally with a narrow median line of alternating blackish and flavous dots or dashes; wings pale flavous, sublinear, aborted. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora testaceous, more or less suffused either with ferruginous or olivaceous, the outer face often infuscated, especially in the upper half, the upper face and especially its inner half bimaculate with blackish fuscous, which some- times invades the flavo-testaceous inner face, the lower face more or less rufous or ferruginous, the genicular are piceous; hind tibiae glau- cous, the spines pallid at base, black apically, nine to twelve (usually ten) in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate but apically conical, much recurved, the supraanal plate tri- angular, with feebly convex sides, bluntly acutangulate apex, and surface nearly plane except for the rather high, pereurrent but apic- ally obsolescent, submedian ridges bounding the moderately narrow median suicus; fureula consisting of a pair of small and short, sub- parallel, tapering, pointed fingers or spines lying on the outer side of No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 1-41 the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate, and projecting over it by a little more than the length of the last dorsal segment; cerci bullate, strongly incurved, exteriorly flattened but a little convex longitudi- nally, at first enlarging and swelling, the inferior margin bent roundly at a right angle in the middle (before which the margin itself is trans- versely abruptly rectangulate, beyond it acutangulate, so that the lower face is suleate), then suddenly contracted, with the upper portion pro- duced as a short, tapering, bluntly pointed, compressed finger, which does not reaci the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate very much broader than long, subconical, the apical margin abruptly and greatly elevated, thickened and well rounded. Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 22.56 mm.; antennae, male, 7 mm., female, 7.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 6 mm., female, 7.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 13.5 mm. Thirty-two males, 42 females. Montelovez, Coahuila, Mexico, Sep- tember 20, E. Palmer; Sierra Nola, Tamaulipas, Mexico, December 3-6, E. Palmer; Sierra de San Miguelito, and mountains twelve leagues east of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, EK. Palmer; San Luis Potosi, Mexico, October, E. Palmer, EK. Barroeta; Bledos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, October 1, HK. Palmer; Zacatecas, Mexico, November (lL. Bruner); Aguas Calientes, Mexico, November (L. Bruner). 2. MELANOPLUS LAKINUS. (Plate X, fig. 2.) Pezotettix lakinus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 79-80; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 68-69.—BRUNER, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., IIT (1883), p. 59; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 186; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Se., III (1893), p. 27. Vertex of the head gently tumid, scarcely elevated above the pro- notum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fastigium broad, shallow, flat, expanding in front, the bounding walls low and thick ; frontal costa moderate, slightly expanded at the ocellus, suleate almost throughout, only the summit flat, about as broad as the interspace between the eyes; eyes rather small, not prominent, about as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; anten- nae about three-fourths (male) or about two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum short, especially in the female, but simple, expanding slightly posteriorly, either half of the lateral lobes of the prozona slightly and independently tumid in the male; front border truncate, hind border very little angulated and rounded; median carina slight but distinct, equal; lateral carinae well marked, forming a nearly square shoulder, especially on the hinder portion of the prozona; pro- zona longitudinal (male) or subquadrate (female), slightly (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal Spine moderately long, a little shorter in the female than in the male, AD PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. conical, feebly appressed, slightly retrorse; interspace between meso- sternal lobes half as long again as broad (male) or subquadrate (female), the metasternal lobes attingent (male) or approximate (female.) Teg- mina abbreviate, overlapping, lanceolate, sharply pointed, longer than the pronotum, fully twice as long as broad, their inner and costal mar- gins about equally convex. [Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, considerably recurved, bluntly conical, the supraanal plate triangular, as long as broad, the sides nearly straight, the tip rounded; furcula consisting of a pair of rather distant processes, broad at base, with a slight tapering pointed projection, the whole very small; cerci very tumid, spherico-triangular at base, carinate on the posterior outer margin, with a sight, equal, and blunt-tipped finger, shorter than the base, extending inward and upward from the basal swelling; subgeni- tal plate short, considerably broader at apex than long, because the extreme posterior margin is produced to form a rather large rounded elevation nearly as high as broad. The general color is a brownish griseous, tinged below with yellew- ish; the antennae are dark and sometimes darker apically; along the top of the head and pronotum is a blackish fuscons rather broad median stripe, sometimes broadening in patches, sometimes obsolete; the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona is marked by a broad blackish fuscous belt, which is often separated from the front margin and the frequent extension of the band to the eyes by a nar- row yellow line. The tegmina are uniformly griseous, with a slender median line of alternate yellowish and fuscous flecks, often obsolete. The hind femora are lighter or darker testaceous, with two very broad, oblique, blackish purple belts, which do not reach the pale orange under surface; hind tibiae dull glaucous, the spines pale at base, black tipped, ten to eleven, usually ten, in number in the outer series. Sides of abdomen marked with black at base. Length of body, male, 22 mm., female, 30 mm.; antennae, male, 9 mm., female, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 7 mm.; hind femora, male, 12.5 mm., female, 14 mm. Seven males, 7 females. Between Lincoln, Nebraska, and Denver, Colorado, October 3; Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet, Sep- tember 1; Colorado (C. P. Gillette); Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison; Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700 feet, August 30-31; Las Cruces, Donna Ana County, New Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell. It is also reported from southwest Nebraska (Bruner). This species is very closely allied to the last, differing from it in its narrower interspace between the sternal lobes, the oblique bands on the outer face of the hind femora, the more distant forks of the fureula of the male, and the stouter apical process of the subgenital plate; the cereci are much the same. No. 1121. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 143 3. MELANOPLUS SONORAE, new species. (Plate X, fig. 3.) Pale testaceous (alcoholic specimens). Head not prominent, uniform in coloring except for a sometimes obsolete median black stripe on sum- mit, and a broad postocular piceous band; vertex feebly tumid, not or slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again (male), or nearly twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, suleate throughout, more broadly in the female than in the male; frontal costa percurrent, rather prominent above but shallow below, equal except for a sudden and slight contraction between the antennae,' fully as broad as the inter- space between the eyes, faintly suleate at and below the ocellus, finely and faintly punctate throughout; eyes of medium size and prominence, longer, in the male much longer, than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous, nearly two-thirds (male) or one-half (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum compressed, unusually equal, scarcely or not expanding on the metazona, the disk very uniform, broadly convex, passing by a rounded angle into the inferiorly vertical faintly tumid lateral lobes without forming lateral carinae; a broad piceous belt, sometimes obscured, occupies the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona; median carina distinct, percurrent, equal; front margin subtruncate, hind margin very obtusangulate; prozona dis- tinctly (male) or feebly (female) longitudinal, about a fourth longer than the finely punctate metazona, which encroaches upon it mesially by the angularity of the principal sulcus. Prosternal spine rather long, appressed conical, a little retrorse, bluntly pointed; interspace between mesosternal lobes subequal, a little longer than broad (male) or transverse but narrower than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbre- viate, ovate-lanceolate, overlapping, from a little longer than the pro- notum to a third as long again, apically rather abruptly acuminate, brownish-testaceous, sometimes with feeble signs of a slender line of maculations. Fore and middle femora of the male a little tumid; hind femora slender, testaceous (apparently olivaceo-testaceous), sometimes bimaculate with fuscous on the inner half of the upper face, with black genicnlar are; hind tibiae pale red (?), apically infuscated, the spines pallid at base and black beyond, ten to eleven, rarely twelve, in num- ber in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, strongly recurved, the supraanal plate triangular but suddenly tapering a little more rapidly just before the rectangulate apex, the margins not in the least elevated, the surface sloping in a concave curve to the summit of the very sharp and rather high submedian ridges inclosing the very deep and rather narrow percurrent median sulcus, whose margins are 1Tn one female specimen this is abnormally extended to nearly the whole supra- ocellar region, narrowing the costa by one-half. 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XX. a little contracted in the middle; furcula consisting of a pair of rather distant, moderately slender, scarcely tapering, blunt, dark denticula- tions, overlying the outer slopes of the submedian ridges of the supra- anal plate, and extending over the plate by only a little more than the length of the last dorsal segment; cerci strongly compressed-bullate just beyond the base, the bullate portion broader than long and exte- riorly very strongly and longitudinally convex, beneath suleate, the whole bullate portion abruptly narrowing and terminating in a com- pressed, indirected, round-tipped, equal and short finger, falling a little short of the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate short, sub- conical, and apically very broad by the abrupt rounded production of the apical margin, the process of about equal height and posterior breadth, entire. . Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 6.5 mm. (est.), female, 6 min.; tegmina, male and female, 6 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.25 mm., female, 12 min. One male, 4 females. Sonora, Mexico, A. Schott, Mexican Boundary Survey. This species differs from the preceding two in the uniformity of the pronotum, which does uot expand posteriorly, and has a uniformly sharp median carina throughout; it is also lighter bodied and less heavily marked. 2. FLABELLIFER SERIES. In this series, one of the few which combines macropterous and bra- chypterous forms, the male prozona is feebly or distinctly longitudinal, occasionally quadrate, the interspace between the mesosternal lobes of the same sex varying from quadrate to half as long again as broad, or somewhat more. The tegmina are either fully developed, though at most but slightly surpassing the hind femora, much and irregularly maculate; or half as long as the abdomen, heavily marked in the dis- coidal field and subacuminate; or shorter than the pronotum and then apically rounded. The length of the tegmina in each species, however, is fixed. The hind tibiae are blue, with nine to eleven spines in the outer series, or, in some brachypterous forms, red, with ten to thirteen spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate is triangular, rather longer than broad, with no or slightly developed transverse ridges. The furcula 1s minute or sub- obsolete, except in a single instance where it is small. The cerei are broad, often excessively broad and ftlabellate, enlarging from the base toward the middle, at least in the macropterous forms, rarely as much as twice as long as broad, broadly rounded apically. The subgenital plate is short and broad, sometimes with a slight apical tubercle, the lateral margins straight, the apical margin not elevated, or only in a single instance. M. rileyanus is the most aberrant form, having very brief tegmina, WOE AIDE: REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 145 the furcula longer than the last dorsal segment, and the lateral margins of the subgenital plate slightly elevated apically. The species, six in number, are evenly divided between macropterous and brachypterous forms—and this is the only homogeneous series of Melanoplus in which they are so—of small or rather small size, and are found oniy in the district to the west of the Mississippi and mainly in the Cordilleran region. They have not been reported north of the United States, and a single species has been found to extend south of our boundary in northern Mexico; while another species is known only from California and is the only one occurring west of the Sierra Nevada, (the same species, J. rileyanus, mentioned above). 4. MELANOPLUS OCCIDENTALIS. (Plate X, fig. 4.) Caloptenus occidentalis THOMAS!, Aun. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p. 453, pl. u, fig. 2.—GLOvER, Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pl. x1, fig. 2.—THomas!, Rep. U. 8S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 161;?, Rep. Geol. Geogr. Surv. 100th mer., V (1875), p. 893;?, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sc., I (1876), p. 261.—ScuUDDER, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1876), p. 261.—THomas, ibid., IV (1878), p. 484.— BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 145.—TuHomas, Rep. U. 8S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p.43.—BRUNER, Bull. Div, Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., II (1883), p.9; ibid., III (1883), p. 60. Melanoplus variolosus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 67-68 ; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 56-57.—BruNER, Rep. U. 8S. Ent. Comm., III (1883) Dewoull: Melanoplus occidentalis BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Se., III (1893), p. 28. Of medium or rather small size. Head very slightly elevated, a very little arched; fastigium rather shallow, particularly in the female, the margins in front of the eyes blunt, gently diverging and then converg- ing, but in the female subparallel; interspace between the eyes as broad (male) or half as broad again (female) as the first antennal joint; frontal costa more than usually prominent, about as broad as the inter- space between the eyes, scarcely contracted above, scarcely enlarged at the ocellus, at and below which it is somewhat suleate; eyes rather prominent, anteriorly truncate; antennae somewhat more (male) or slightly less (female) than three-fourths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum enlarging on the metazona, laterally subtumid in an irregu- lar way on the prozona, the metazona faintly punctate; front margin feebly convex, with a feeble median emargination; hind margin roundly obtusangulate; median carina distinct on the metazona, faint on the prozona, obsolete between the sulci; sides of the pronotum hardly shouldered or with very rounded shoulders; transverse sulci of pro- zona pretty distinct and continuous; prozona longitudinal, a little longer than the metazona (male) or transverse, no longer than the metazona (female), Prosternal spine rather short, appressed conical, broadly rounded at tip, a little retrorse; interspace between mesoster- nal lobes about half as long again as broad (male) or transverse (female). Proc. N.-M. vol, xx 10 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL Xx. Tegmina extending to or a little beyond the tip of the abdomen, slender, scarcely tapering, profusely maculate throughout, as described below. Supraanal plate of male rounded triangular, pointed, fully as broad as long; furcula cousisting of minute triangular denticles; cerci flabel- late, each consisti g of a very broad, upturned lateral lamella, whose anterior edge is gently convex, whose lower is strongly convex only at the expanded base and there thickened, the tip rounded, angular, and the whole half as long again as the extreme width; subgenital plate shallowly scoop-shaped, the apical edge entire, but just below it, at the extremity, a conical tubercle. Basal tooth of the lower valve of the ovipositor of the female sharp, triangular, nearly as long as broad. The general color is a ferruginous-brown above, mottled strongly with blackish-fuseous, livid-brown below; a blackish-brown median stripe, broadening posteriorly, passes from between the eyes to the back of the head, but seldom continues, and then less deeply, upon the prono- tum; the face and genae vary from yellow to testaceous and are sel- dom blotched by dusky colors, excepting on the genae; the antennae are of a lighter or darker testaceous, and are scarcely infuscated at tip; a more or less broken black patch occupies the upper part of the anterior half of the lateral lobes. The tegmina are dark brownish cinereous, with a slender median yellow stripe, frequently broken by quadrate fuscous or blackish spots, and similar spots are scattered rather distantly all over the tegmina, giving them an unusually speckled appearance; wings hyaline, the veins glaucous, except ante- riorly. Hind femora variable, either with oblique pale patches on a dark ground or—and generally—the reverse; hind tibiae glaucous, with black-tipped spines, ten or eleven in number in the outer series. Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 25 mm.; antennae, male, 9.5 min., female, 10.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 16 mm., female, 21 mm.; hind femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 14 mm. Sixteen males, 12 females. Yellowstone, Montana (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Hastern Wyoming (same); Sweetwater and Cottonwood, Wyoming (same); Cheyenne, Laramie County, Wyoming (same); Doug- las, Converse County, Wyoming, Bruner (same); Sidney, Cheyenne County, Nebraska, August (L. Bruner); Fort Robinson, Dawes County, Nebraska, August 22, Bruner (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Western Kansas, July (same); Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet, September 1; Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison; Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700 feet, July 8-9, August 30-31; Garden of the Gods, El Paso County, Colorado; Salida, Chaffee County, Colorado, July 3 (U.S. N.M.—Riley collection); Magdalena, Socorro County, New Mexico (University of Kansas); Fort Wingate, Bernalillo County, New Mex- ico (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection). It has also been reported from Bismarck, North Dakota (Bruner), Minnesota (Thomas), Salt Lake, Utah (Seudder), and Spring Lake, Utah (Thomas). No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 147 5. MELANOPLUS CUNEATUS, new species. (Plate X, fig. 5.) Melanoplus cuneatus BRUNER!, MS. Brownish testaceous, darker above. Head luteo-testaceous, with the lateral ridges of the fastigium black, the posterior part of the vertex with a median triangular blackish stripe, a broken black edging to the upper posterior part of the eyes and, joining it, a black band behind the eyes; vertex tumid, much elevated above the pronotuin, the interspace between the eyes not very broad, about as broad as the basal antennal joint, the fastigium deeply sulcate; frontal costa sub- equal, rather narrower than the interspace between the eyes, shallowly sulcate excepting above; eyes rather large, prominent, about as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae fulvo-testaceous, about three-fourths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum feebly constricted mesially, expanding almost as much anteriorly as posteri- orly, the front margin feebly convex, the hind margin obtusangulate, the lateral lobes lighter colored than the disk, but on the prozona marked above with a broken blackish fuscous band, the impressed middle line of the posterior section black; median carina percurrent, but slighter on the prozona than on the metazona, subobsolete between the sulci, the lateral carinae forming a rounded shoulder on the meta- zona, obsolete on the prozona. Prosternal spine moderately short, appressed conical, blunt, slightly retrorse; interspace between meso- sternal lobes of male half as long again as broad. Tegmina surpassing a little the hind femora, not very slender, subequal, much maculate along the discoidal area but not elsewhere; wings hyaline. Hind femora brownish testaceous, crossed above and externally by two very oblique fuscous bars, which above are premedian and postmedian, the inner and under surfaces pale coralline, the genicular are black; hind tibiae glaucous with a slender dusky patellar spot, the spines black nearly to the base, nine to ten, usually ten, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen feebly compressed, not clavate, scarcely upturned, the supraanal plate triangular, either lateral half broadly and shallowly suleate and separated by sharp but not very high walls from the rather deep and apically narrowing and fading median sulcus; furcula composed of a pair of minute projecting angulations surmount- ing the ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci bent inwards almost from the base, very broad, broadening mesially by their inferior expansion, the lower margin suddenly bent at the middle, so that the apical half narrows rapidly and has an upward direction, well and rather narrowly rounded, even subangulate, at tip, the whole only half as long again as broad and yet longer than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate exceedingly small and of about equal length and breadth, subconical, with scarcely any trace of an apical tubercle, except that formed by the shape of the plate as a whole. 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. ~ Length of body, male, 21 mm.; antennae, mm.; tegmina, 16.5 mm. hind femora, 12 mm. ~ Three males. Silver City, Grant County, New Mexico, (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Fort Grant, Graham County, Arizona (same); and Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona, Palmer. 6. MELANOPLUS FLABELLIFER. (Plate X, fig. 6.) Melanoplus flabellifer SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 68-69; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 57-58.—BRuNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm, III (1883), p. 61; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1886), p. 200; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p. 28. Melanoplus occidentalis TOWNSEND!, Ins. Life, VI (1893), p. 31. Of rather small size. Head scarcely elevated, well arched; inter- space between the eyes rather broader than the first joint of the antennae, the fastigium faintly subspatulate, pretty deep, with abrupt but blunt, rounded walls; frontal costa narrower than the interspace between the eyes, slightly contracted above and very slightly just below the ocellus; otherwise scarcely enlarging from above downward, scarcely depressed above the ocellus, strongly suleate at and below the same; eyes neither large nor very prominent; antennae pale castaneous, paler at base, about three-fourths (male) or less than two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora, Pronotum rather simple, the metazona expanding somewhat, the unequal halves of the prozona each slightly tumid laterally, and as a whole slightly expanding anteriorly ; front margin feebly sinuate, hind margin roundly obtusangulate; median carina nearly obsolete between the sulci, but otherwise nearly equal; transverse sulci of the prozona pretty distinct, the posterior severing the median carina; metazona scarcely punctate; prozona sub- quadrate, slightly longer than the metazona, or, in the female, some- times subequal. Prosternal spine short, stout, appressed conical, very blunt tipped, hardly retrorse; interspace between the mesosternal lobes subquadrate, a little longer than broad (male) or transverse (female). Tegmina reaching (female) or slightly surpassing (male) the tip of the hind femora, not very slender, subequal. Supraanal plate of male triangular, bluntly pointed, the sides a little convex, rather longer than broad; furcula formed of distinct, pointed, triangular teeth; cerci large, flabellate, upturned, twice as long as the mean breadth, tapering but little, the extremity broadly rounded; subgenital plate prow- shaped, straight, ending in a blunt conical AO an OD. The general color is cinereo-plumbeous, the head and pronotum dusky above, with the usual black belt behind the eye, extending over the prozona. Tegmina dark fuscous, especially at base, sprinkled with dusky spots; wings hyaline, sometimes with a feeble bluish tinge, the anterior venation dusky. Hind femora livid brown on the outer face, heavily marked with rufo-fuscous in oblique bands, orange beneath; > No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 149 hind tibiae rather dark glaucous, the spines black, nine to eleven in number in the outer series. Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 18 mm.; antennae, male, 7.2 min., female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male, 15.75 mm., female, 15.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 9.75 mm. Nine males, 5 females. Montana (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Fin- ney County, Kansas, September, H. W. Menke (University of Kansas); between Smoky Hill, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado, September, L. Agassiz (Museum Comparative Zoology); Colorado Springs, El Paso County, Colorado, August, E. 8S. Tucker (same); Garden of the Gods, El] Paso County, Colorado, October 6; South Park, Colorado, 8-10,000 feet, August 11, 16; Salt Lake Valley, Utah, September (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Johnson’s Basin, New Mexico, June 22, Townsend (L. Bruner); Zacatecas, Mexico, November (same). It is also reported by Bruner from Idabo, Wyoming, and western Nebraska. 7. MELANOPLUS DISCOLOR. (Plate X, fig. 7.) Pezotettix discolor SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 81-82; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 70-71.—Bruner, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 58. Vertex tumid, considerably elevated above the pronotum; inter- space between the eyes half as broad again as the basal antennal joint, the fastigium shallow, indistinct, broad, enlarging apically; frontal costa broad, equal, flat (male) or slightly tumid (female) above, sulcate below; antennae three-fourths (male) or hardly two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum simple, scarcely enlarging on the metazona, the front border straight, the hind border roundly and broadly angulate; median carina distinct though rather slight, equal; lateral carinae scarcely perceptible; metazona faintly punctate; pro- zona Slightly longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), about a fourth longer than the metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, cylin- drical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes twice (male) or almost twice (female) as long as broad; metasternal lobes attingent (male) or approximate (female). Tegminaa little longer than head and pronotum together, tapering, the dorsal and lateral fields angularly separate. Supraanal plate of male triangular, longer than broad, pointed, the sides straight; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, small, triangular teeth, the tips alittle produced; cerei forming on each side a broad, semicircular, rounded flap, the upper side concave, the lower convex, the tip rounded, the whole in one plane; subgenital plate conical, longer than broad, the tip compressed. The general color is a yellowish or cinereous brown above, a paler brownish yellow below. The antennae are pale red, infuscated apically; a very broad, straight, piceous belt, slightly larger behind than in front, extends from behind the eyes across the prozona, its upper edge 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. at the lateral carinae; an oblique cuneiform yellow dash, the apex in front and above, follows the ridge of the metathoracic episterna, mar- gined on either side by an equal piceous belt. The dorsal field of the tegmina is of the same color as the disk of the pronotum, or occasionally a little paler, while the lateral field is nearly always much darker brown, the discoidal area marked by dashes of blackish fuscous, which occasionally suffuses nearly the whole of the lateral field. The hind femora are twice barred with blackish above, and have more or less blackish fuscous on their outer face; while the under portion of the femora is yellowish, and the hind tibiae red with black-tipped spines, twelve, rarely thirteen, in number in the outer series. Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 25 mm.; antennae, male, 9 mm., female, 18.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 8 mm., female, 9.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 12 mmn., female, 13.5 mm. Three males, 6 females. Dallas, Texas, J. Boll. 8. MELANOPLUS SIMPLEX, new species. (Plate X, fig. 8.) Ashen brown, darker above, sometimes darker throughout, with a postocular piceous band. Head not at all prominent, luteo-testaceous with a feeble olivaceous tinge, the summit with a pair of submedian triangular stripes posteriorly; vertex tumid, elevated above the prono- tun, the interspace between the eyes not very narrow, slightly broader than the first antennal joint; fastigium strongly declivent, broadly sulcate anteriorly, more deeply in the male than in the female; frontal costa as broad as the interspace between the eyes, equal, faintly depressed at the ocellus, seriately punctate at the sides; eyes rather large, rather prominent in the male, a little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae dark ferruginous, about two-thirds as long as the hind femora, of similar relative length in the two sexes. Pronotum short, subequal, scarcely enlarging posteriorly, slightly darker on the disk than on the lateral lobes and more or less feebdly punctate or blotched with fuscous, the lateral lobes with a broad, equal, piceous band, extending from behind the eyes across the upper part of the prozona; front margin feebly convex, hind margin broadly angu- late; the median carina sharper on the metazona than on the prozona but hardly more prominent, the disk separated from the slightly tumid Jateral lobes by a blunt angle, but without distinct lateral carinae; prozona in both sexes slightly longitudinal, about a fourth longer than the feebly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, not slen der, and erect, cylindrical and very blunt (male) or conical but not acuminate (female); interspace between mesosternal lobes somewhat longer than broad (male) or distinetly transverse (female), the meta- sternal lobes attingent over a short space (male) or approximate (female). Tegmina slightly or considerably longer than the head and No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 151 pronotum together, sublanceolate, subacuminate, brownish fuscous, the discoidal area sometimes with feebly alternating darker and lighter dashes. Hind femora externally varying from fusco-olivaceous to fusco- testaceous, the lower and inner faces flavous, the latter as well as the inner half of the upper face barred at base and before and beyond the middle with fuscous or blackish fuscous, the outer half of the upper face more or less infuscated throughout, the genicular are black; hind tibiae red, the spines black only on their apical half, eleven or twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen slightly clavate, much upturned, the supraanal plate triangular with straight sides and acute apex, the rather broad, deep, median sulcus bounded by very high, sharp walls; furcula consisting of a pair of minute, acute denticula tions overlying the ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci broad, arcuate, especially by the curvature of the lower margin, tapering only in the apical half, well rounded apically, much less than twice as long as broad, but nearly as long as the supraanal plate, hardly incurved, the apical portion feebly suleate exteriorly; infracercal plates large. basally nearly as broad as the cerci, rapidly narrowing and extending slightly beyond the supraanal plate; subgenital plate broad and rather short, the lateral margins straight, apically acutely rounded, neither prolonged nor elevated. Length of body, male, 14 mm., female, 20 mm.; antennae, male, 6.5 min., female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 5 mim., female, 8.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 9 mm., female, 11 mm. Two males, 1 female. Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison (S. Henshaw; S. H. Scudder). 9. MELANOPLUS RILEYANUS (new species). (Plate X, fig. 9.) Pezotettix rileyanus MCNEILL!, MS. Dark brownish testaceous, with a broad, lateral piceous stripe. Head rather prominent, dark testaceous, sometimes with a feeble olivaceous tinge, much flecked and punctate with fuscous, above much infus- cated; vertex somewhat tumid, distinctly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather narrow, narrower than the first antennal joint (male) or rather broad, distinctly broader than that joint (female), the fastigium with slight, raised, rounded ridges next the eyes, but otherwise scarcely sulcate (female) or distinctly suleate throughout (male); frontal costa moderately broad, fully as broad as (male) or rather narrower than (female) the interspace between the eyes, subequal, strongly punctate throughout, feebly suleate at and below the ocellus; eyes large and moderately prominent, distinctly longer than the infra- ocular portion of the genae; antennae luteo-testaceous, nearly (male) or but little more than half (female) as long as the hind femora. Prenotum 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. rather short and subequal, faintly constricted mesially, more or less faintly punctate with fuscous above, the lateral lobes with a broad piceous belt crossing the prozona above, and sometimes continued across the metazona, but usually obsolete or subobsolete there, sometimes fading, sometimes sharply defined below, the lower portion of the lobes usually lighter colored than elsewhere, repeating the color of the genae; front margin subtruneate, hind margin very broadly rotundato-angu- late, in some females with no sign of angulation but very broadly convex; median carina percurrent but generally feebler on the prozona; lateral carinae marked by a distinct though rounded angle; prozona distinetly longitudinal (male) or subquadrate (female), one-fourth to one-third longer than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short (female) or very short (male), conical, erect; interspace between the mesosternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad (male) or slightly longer than broad (female). Tegmina ovate, well rounded, much less than twice as long as broad, rather shorter than the pronotum, brown- ish fuscous, generally cinereous in the anal field. Hind femora fusco- ferruginous or fusco-testaceous, twice banded rather obliquely with black, which is confluent on the lower half of the outer face, so as to leave above a large basal and median patch of the lighter color; the lower face is reddish, and the genicular are fuscous; hind tibiae glaucous, often mottled or suffused with luteous toward the base, and generally with a basal anulus of the same, the spines black in their apical half, ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo- men oblong clavate, well rounded, well upturned, the supraanal plate triangular with slightly convex sides and rectangulate apex, the median sulcus slender, not very deep, and percurrent, bounded by sharp but not very high walls; furcula consisting of a pair of elongate, slender, parallel, straight denticulations or fingers as long as the last dorsal segment, resting outside the ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci enlarging slightly at the base, then gradually enlarging in the basai half, beyond equal, apically well rounded, the whole forming a broad, much incurved and slightly torqueate plate, whose apical half is so deeply suleate that its longitudinal halves are nearly at right angles; infracercal plates concealed; subgenital plate broad, fully as broad as long, the lateral margins abruptly elevated a little apically, but not prolonged posteriorly, the apical margin strongly rounded, entire. Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 20 mm.; antennae, male, 9 mm., female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm., female, 4.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11 mim. Six males, 17 females. Yuba County, California (L. Bruner); Moun- tains near Lake Tahoe, Placer County, California, October, Henshaw, Wheeler’s expedition, 1876; Kern County, California, October (U.S. N.M.); Kern County, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.—Riley collec- tion); Los Angeles County, California, May, September, Coquillett (Same). No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 155 3. BOWDITCHI SERIES. In this series the male prozona is slightly longitudinal, and the inter- space between the mesosternal lobes exceptionally narrow, being more than twice, in the male,several times, as long as broad, while the meta. sternal lobes are attingent over considerable space in the male, approxi- mate in the female. The tegmina, especially those of the male, are rarely, and then but little, maculate, always fully developed and sur- passing the hind femora; the hind tibiae are green or blue, with nine to eleven, usually ten, spines in the outer series. The antennae are of very unequal length in the two sexes. The supraanal plate is more or less clypeate, the apex always well angulate, and the median sulcus almost or quite obsolete; the most striking feature is the furcula, which consists of a pair of long, very broad, parallel. depressed plates, reaching about to the middle of the supraanal plate and at base largely concealing it, apically narrowed partly or wholly by their interior rounded emargination; the cerci are small, the apical portion subequal, nearly straight, and about half as broad as the base; the subgenital plate is somewhat narrower than long, subequal, apically extended slightly but not elevated, the lateral margins straight and on a line with the upper side of the last abdomi- nal segments, the apical margin well rounded as seen from above and entire. The species, six in number, are of medium or rather large size and are found almost altogether in the southwest; only one is known east of the Mississippi,.and that only in the neighborhood of the main stream. 10. MELANOPLUS HERBACEUS. (Plate X, fig. 10.) Melanoplus herbaceus BRUNER!, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XXVIII (1893), pp. 25-26, fig. 13ab.—TOWNSEND, Ins. Life, VI (1893), p. 31.—BRUNER, Rep. St. Hort. Soc. Nebr., 1894, p. 163 (1894). Grass green, more or less obscured with brownish olivaceous, almost the only markings being a broad dark green band extending from behind the eye across the prozona, directly beneath which ie lateral lobes are often spotted with flavous; and, less frequently, a dusky green dorsal band from the posterior end of the fastigium across the prozona, occupying most of the disk and leaving between itand the lateral band only a narrow greenish flavous stripe on the lateral carinae. Head feebly prominent, the vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes moderately broad, as broad as the frontal costa; the fastigium gently declivent and deeply and broadly suleate; frontal costa percurrent, equal, sulcate throughout, deeply excepting above; eyes rather large, rather prominent, very much longer than broad; antennae a little longer than (male) or about two-thirds as 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xx. long as (female) the hind femora, ferruginous, more or less infuscated apically. Pronotum subequal on the prozona, the metazona expanding gently, the front margin subtruneate, the hind margin obtusely angulate, the angle well rounded, the disk gently convex, passing insensibly into the lateral lobes, the median carina slight on the metazona, indicated only by a pallid line on the prozona, the metazona closely and delicately punctate, the prozona a little longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), slightly longer than the metazona. Prosternal spine long, conical, erect, blunt, a little shorter in the female than in the male; sternum sparsely punctate, the interval between the mesosternal lobes consid- erably more than twice (male) or fully twice (female) as long as broad, the metasternal lobes attingent over a considerable space (male) or approximate (female). Tegmina slender, gently tapering, well rounded at tip, surpassing considerably the tips of the hind femora, without markings; wings ample, pellucid, the veins and cross veins glaucous, more and more infuscated apically. Femora green, or more or less infuscated or embrowned, the hind pair rarely having the upper face infuscated with feeble, never distinct, fuscous clouds, the genicular are more or less testaceous above; hind tibiae very faintly incurved, green becoming feebly flavescent apically, the spines rather short, pallid ereen, briefly black tipped, ten in number in the outer series. Extremity of the male abdomen subclavate, upturned, the supraanal plate subclypeate, narrowing gently in the basal, rapidly in the apical half, slightly constricted in the middle of the basal half, the apex rectangulate, the sides broadly and considerably elevated, the rest of the surface plane with a scarcely perceptible median suleus, except apically where it is slight; furcula consisting of a pair of very large, broad, depressed plates, originating at the base of the last dorsal segment and reaching almost to the middle of the supraanal plate, subequal and attingent for half their length, beyond with their inner margin roundly excised, the apex obliquely and broadly truncate, so that the inner apical angle is acute; cerci rather small, rapidly narrowing on the basal half by the declivence of the upper margin, beyond equal, compressed-cylindrical, blunt tipped, straight, distinctly shorter than the supraanal plate and not greatly surpassing the last ventral segment; subgenital plate moderately narrow, subequal, the lateral margin straight, the apex not in the least elevated and but feebly prolonged, strongly rounded as viewed from above. Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 28.5 mm.; antennae, male, 13 mm., female, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 21 mm., female 23.5 mumn.; hind femora, male, 12 mm., female, 14.5 mm. Seven males, eight females. El Paso, Texas, November (U.S.N.M.— tiley collection; L. Bruner); Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico, August, Snow (University of Kansas); Las Cruves, Donna Ana County, New Mexico, October, ovipositing, T. D. A. Cockerell; Fort Grant, Graham County, Arizona (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection), No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 155 Bruner states that it also occurs ‘across the line in Mexican territory for some distance,” and that it is confined to river bottoms, where it feeds on low vegetation, but is rarely seen on the ground. 11. MELANOPLUS FLAVESCENS, new species. (Plate XI, fig. 1.) Uniform pale flavous tinged with green, the upper part of the lateral lobes with a broad olivaceous band, extending from the eyes across the prozona and feebly marking the lateral carinae of the metazona. Head uniform in coloring and, except for the band mentioned, as light above as below; vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes moderate, scarcely narrower than the frontal costa, the fastigium descending with the curvature of the vertex, rather deeply and broadly suleate throughout; frontal costa prominent above, moderately broad, equal, pereurrent, deeply sulcate excepting above but with rounded margins, above seriately punctate at the sides; eyes rather large and rather prominent; antennae almost as long as the hind femora (male), the first two joints flavous, the rest salmon red. Pronotum subequal, feebly enlarging at the metazona, the front margin feebly convex, the hind margin obtusely angulate, the angle rounded, the disk gently con- vex on the prozona with no lateral carinae, on the metazona plane with obscure rounded lateral carinae, the median carina distinct though slight on the metazona, wanting in front; prozona distinctly longitudinal, smooth, a third longer than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, regularly conical, erect, blunt tipped; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male very slender, many times longer than broad, the metasternal lobes attingent over a wide space. Tegmina slender, very feebly tapering, well rounded apically, surpass- ing considerably the hind femora, greenish-yellow at base, nearly pel- lucid on apical half, without markings; wings pellucid with a scarcely perceptible glaucous tinge, the veins and cross veins fusco-glaucous. Fore and middle femora flavous with a tinge of olivaceous; hind femora golden yellow on the outer face, growing pallid below; elsewhere flavous with a distinct fulvous tinge on lower and inner sides, the genicular are testaceous, stained with fuscous; hind tibiae glaucous, pallid at extreme base, the spines pallid on basal, black on apical half, ten in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen feebly clavate, upturned, the supraanal plate obscurely clypeate, the lateral margins raised con- siderably throughout, pinched just before the middle and just before the tip, and so somewhat torqueate, the median sulcus only apparent and then slight in apical half; fureula consisting of a pair of large, broad, strongly depressed, longitudinally arcuate plates, which, meas- uring from the base of the last dorsal segment, are about twice as long as broad, in the basal half attingent, in their apical half strongly and roundly excised interiorly, apically obliquely and broadly truncate, ter- minating acutely at the inner hinder angle, and hardly reaching the 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. middle of the supraanal plate; cerci rather small, tapering in the basal three-fifths, gently and equally above and below, beyond equal, less than half as broad as the base, exteriorly sulcate apically, the tip blunt and not nearly reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; subgen- ital plate as in MW. herbaceus. Length of body, male, 25.5 mm.; antennae, 13? mm.; tegmina, 23 mm.; hind femora, 14 mm. One male. San Diego, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.—Riley collec- tion). This species is very closely allied to the preceding, from which it differs by its color and pattern, by the differently shaped male cerci and furcula, by the extreme narrowness of the interspace between the mesosternal lobes, and by the less sharply margined frontal costa. 12, MELANOPLUS PICTUS, new species. (Plate XI, fig. 2.) Melanoplus pictus BRUNER!, MS. A little above the medium size, highly variegated in coloring. Head slightly prominent, bright flavous, irregularly and profusely mottled and blotched with blackish fuscous, least and more delicately so above; vertex moderately tumid, raised slightly above the level of the prono- tum, the interspace between the eyes narrow, narrower than the first joint of the antennae; fastigium rapidly and roundly declivent, distinctly suleate throughout; frontal costa rather prominent above, subequal, considerably broader than the interspace between the eyes, just failing to reach the clypeus, distinctly suleate excepting above, where it is biseriately punctate; eyes rather large, long, and prominent, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae nearly as long as the hind femora, flavous throughout. Pronotum subequal, enlarging a little on the metazona, the sides of the prozona a little tumid independently on each zone, the disk pilose, gently convex, passing by a rounded shoulder into the inferiorly vertical lateral lobes, the median carina distinct on the metazona, subobsolete on the pro- zona, obsolete between the sulci; front margin faintly convex with a slight median emargination, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle well rounded; pronotum mostly brownish fuscous, irregularly enlivened by bright flavous, especially on the anterior part of the disk, on the upper: most part of the lateral lobes, and on the lower part of the metazona of the same, the brown deepening in color on the upper third or more of the prozona; prozona slightly longitudinal, scarcely longer than the densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather short, stout, conical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male nearly three times as long as broad, the metasternal lobes subattingent. Tegmina long, slender, subequal, far surpassing the hind femora, brownish with a roseate tinge on the basal half, scarcely flecked with No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER, 157 paler maculations along the middle line; wings rather narrow, hyaline, the veins very pale blue, becoming infuscated apically and anteriorly. Legs flavous, banded with fuscous, the hind femora unequally trifasciate with blackish fuscous, the fasciation only distinct above, the outer face more or less olivaceous, the inner face sanguineous, and a postmedian Sanguineous patch below, the genicular are black, and the whole genic- ulation flecked with fuscous; hind tibiae purplish fuscous, marked with dull flavous between the spines, which are black, becoming pallid basally, fiavous interiorly, eleven in number in the outer series. Ex- tremity of male abdomen hardly clavate or recurved, the supraanal plate subclypeate, the margins strongly and roundly bent beyond the middle, the apex slightly produced, subrectangulate, and pointed, the sides strongly and broadly elevated in the proximal half, the median sulcus slight and only perceptible in apical half; fureula con- sisting of a pair of broad flattened plates slightly more than twice as long as broad, reaching to the middle of the supraanal plate, beyond the middle roundly and obliquely emarginate on the inner side, apically roundly and obliquely truncate exteriorly; cerei moderately broad at base, almost immediately tapering rapidly by the excision of the upper margin, so that the distal three-fourths forms a compressed subequal finger, barely expanding at the tip, the exterior surface slightly impressed or subsulcate apically, the whole straight, except for being slightly bent inward near the middle, failing to reach the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate forming a regular well rounded flaring scoop, the margin nowhere elevated, entire, the plate consider- ably narrower apically than at base, and much longer than bread. Length of body, male, 27 mm.; antennae, 12.5mm.; tegmina, 24 mm.; hind femora, 14 mm. One male. Bradshaw Mountain, Arizona, June 21 (L. Bruner). 13. MELANOPLUS BOWDITCHI. (Plate XI, fig. 3.) Melanoplus bowditchi ScuDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 72; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 61.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 61; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p. 27.—TownsrENp, Ins. Life, VI (1893), p. 31. Of medium size. Head slightly elevated, moderately arched above; interspace between the eyes about half as broad again as the first antennal joint, a little broader in the female than inthe male; fastigium rather shallowly suleate, subspatulate in form, the lateral margins thick and low; frontal costa equal, plane above, sulcate at and below the ocellus; eyes rather large, rather prominent, especially in the male. Pronotum simple, the metazona slightly expanding, punctulate, the median carina slight but distinct upon it, but wholly wanting in front; lateral carinae obsolete; transverse sulei of prozona distinct, sub- continuous across the middle. Tegmina very slender, extending beyoud 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. (male) or fully to (female) the tip of the abdomen. Supraanal plate sub- quadrate, longer than broad, the lateral margins subparallel on basal half, beyond tapering rapidly, the tip triangularly produced, sharply angulated; plates of furcula stout, depressed, attingent at base, beyond with the inner margins separated at an angle of 45°, the outer mar- gins straight and parallel, the extremity obliquely docked and scarcely incurved, more than half the length of the supraanal plate and nearly three times as long as the basal breadth; anal cerci forming long, slender, straight, compressed fingers, much expanded above-at the extreme base, beyond scarcely tapering, bluntly and roundly terminated, directed backward, somewhat upward and a little inward, about as long as the first hind tarsal joint; subgenital plate elongated scoop- shaped, the extremity a little produced, entire; basal tooth of lower valve of ovipositor of female blunt, triangular, large, broader than long. ; The general color is a grayish brown, the eyes margined above with dull pale-yellow, the face and genae olivaceous with transverse mot- tlings of dusky ferruginous; antennae dull pale castaneous; behind the eye a broad piceous belt, sometimes broken, sometimes entire, crosses the prozona on the upper half of the lateral lobes; disk of pronotum brownish yellow, heavily punctate or mottled with fuscous, Tegmina with an obscure median series of alternate dusky and pallid spots; hind femora brownish yellow, more or less tinged with plumbeous, the incisures dusky, with faint indications on upper surface of dusky trans- verse stripes; hind tibiae bluish green, sometimes dotted with black and with black spines, ten in number in the outer series. Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 26 mmm.; antennae, male, 10 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 20 mm.; hind femora, male, 13 mm., female, 14 mm. Four males, 3 females. Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet, September 1; Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700 feet, August 30-31; Chaves, Bernalillo County, New Mexico, August 6 (lL. Bruner); Las Cruces, Donna Ana County, New Mexico, July 8, T. D. A. Cockerell. It is also reported by Townsend from Sabinal, Socorro County, and Belen, Valencia County, New Mexico, August 7. 14. MELANOPLUS FLAVIDUS. (Plate XI, fig. 4.) Melanoplus flavidus ScUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 74; Cent. Orth. (1879), p.63.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 61; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 38; 1bid., I (1886), p. 200; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci., III (1893), p. 27. Melanoplus cenchri MCNEILL!, Psyche, VI (1891), pp. 74-75. Moderately large in size. Head rather large, slightly elevated and well arched above; interspace between the eyes nearly (male) or quite (female) half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fastigium shal- “No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 159 low, broad, subequal, the sides moderately narrow but low (male) or searcely suleate (female); frontal costa broad, equal, plane (male) or tumid (female) above, at and below the ocellus broadly and rather deeply sulcate; eyes pretty large but not very prominent. Pronotum with the prozona equal, the metazona expanding and punctato-rugulose; median carina slight but distinct on the metazona, obsolete or subobso- lete on the prozona; lateral carinae subobsolete; transverse sulei of prozona slight but distinct, continuous. Tegmina extending a very little way beyond the abdomen, surpassing the hind femora. Supraanal plate regularly eclypeate, about as broad as long; plates of the furcula shaped much as in M. bowditchi, but thickened at the tip, as long as the cerci or nearly two-thirds as long as the supraanal plate; the cerci have a triangular base and a long, straight, slender, bluntly terminated, equal finger extending backward and upward and inclined inward, starting from the lower posterior portion of the base; it is as long as the terminal joint of the hind tarsi; subgenital plate scoop-shaped, well rounded as viewed from above, the tip scarcely produced, entire. The general color is greenish yellow, sometimes a little infuscated above, the head frequently mottled with fuscous; antennae uniform yellowish; the usual stripe behind the eye over the upper portion of the lateral lobes of the pronotum is generally reduced to a very narrow dusky stripe next or on the lateral carinae, diminishing in breadth pos- teriorly; or if it is broader, it sometimes invades the disk rather than the lateral lobes; the disk has a median dusky line and the summit of the head a dusky basal triangle. The tegmina partake of the general lively tone to a less extent, and the paler median stripe, distinct only at base, is seldom flecked intermittently with fuscous; hind femera yel- low, the upper half of the outer face dusky, and two oblique dusky patches often occur above; hind tibiae glaucous, the spines white or glaucous, black tipped, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Length of body, male, 20.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 13 mm., female, 9.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 20.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; hind femora, male, 14 mm., female, 15 mm. Eighteen males, 20 females. Yellowstone, Montana, August (U.S.N. M.-—kiley collection); Sidney, Cheyenne County, Nebraska, August (L. Bruner); Moline, Rock Island County, Hlinois, August 27, J. Me- Neill; Denver, Arapahoe County, Colorado, October 5; Morrison, Jef- ferson County, Colorado, August9; Colorado Springs, El Paso County, Colorado, August, E. 8. Tucker (University of Kansas); Garden of the Gods, E] Paso County, Colorado, October 6; Carrizo Springs, Dim- mit County, Texas, August, Dr. A. Walgymar (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Las Cruces, Donna Ana County, New Mexico, July 8, T. D. A. Cockerell; Tucson, Pima County, Arizona (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection). It is also reported by Bruner from Barber and Comanche counties, Kansas. 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. MeNeill found it in Illinois only on high sandy ground where the sole vegetation was Cenchrus, and the grasshoppers were ‘‘colored so nearly like the yellow sand that they were difficult to see when only two or three feet away.” A single specimen from Colorado which apparently belongs here, but is too much injured to determine with certainty, has the hind tibiae pale red. 15. MELANOPLUS ELONGATUS, new : pecies. (Plate XI, fig. 5.) Long and slender bodied, warm brownish fuscous, sometimes more or less ferruginous, with feeble markings. Head slightly prominent, dull plumbeo-flavous, much obscured with fuscous, especially above and in a band behind the eyes; vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes rather narrow, narrower than (male) or rather broad, broader than (female) the frontal costa; fastiginm descending with tolerable rapidity, broadly and deeply (male) or shallowly (female) sulcate throughout; frontal costa moderately broad, equal, deeply suleate excepting above, where it is seriately punctate next the margins; eyes tolerably large, not very prominent, rather elongate; antennae slightly shorter than (male) or about two-thirds as long as (female) the hind femora, fulvo-luteous, infuscated apically. Pronotum gently enlarging posteriorly, the front margin subtruncate, the hind margim somewhat obtusely angulate, the angle well rounded, the disk nearly plane, pass- ing by a rounded angle into the inferiorly vertical lateral lobes, the median carina distinet though slight on the metazona, feebly percepti- ble on the prozona; lateral lobes marked above more or less obscurely with a broad fuscous stripe crossing the prozona, immediately below it sometimes enlivened with paler flecks; prozona feebly longitudinal (male) or feebly transverse (female), but little longer than the closely and finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine long, erect, conico- cylindrical, blunt tipped; interspace between mesosternal lobes several times longer than broad, especially in the male, the metasternal lobes attingent in part (male) or approximate (female). Tegmina very long aud slender, scarcely tapering, well rounded apically, feebly and very minutely flecked, extending far beyond the femoral tips; wings ample, pellucid, the veins and cross-veins blackish fuscous. Femora ferrugineo- testaceous, the hind pair more or less and irregularly clouded with fus- cous, sometimes making a feeble, indistinct bifasciate barring, the genicular are blackish testaceous; hind tibiae feebly incurved. glaucons, apically lutescent, pallid along the line of the spines, which are pallid at base, black apically, and nine to eleven, usually ten, in number in the outer series, Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, upturned, the supraanal plate subclypeate, with well rounded but feebly sinuate lateral margins, which are broadly and feebly raised, and hardly the least sign of a median sulcus; furcula consisting of a pair of large, very broad, much depressed, parallel plates, attingent at base, tapering and bluntly rounded at tip, reaching-the middle of the supraanal plate, NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 161 the inner apical angle sometimes feebly asserting itself as in the allied species; cerci slender, not very long, incurved gently and a little upcurved, tapering gently in less than the basal half, beyond cylindri- cal, blunt tipped, reaching almost to the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate moderately broad, subequal, the lateral margins straight but_ faintly rising at the apex, which is broadly rounded as seen from above. Length of body, male, 29.5 mm., female, 30 mm.; antennae, male, 15 mm., female, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 28 mm., female, 26.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 17 mm., female, 15 mm. Five males, 4 females. Finfiey County, Kansas, September, H. W. Menke (University of Kansas); Las Cruces, Donna Ana County, New Mexico, July 8, T. D. A. Cockerell; Mexico (Museum Comparative Zoology); Lerdo, Durango, Mexico, November (L. Bruner); Guanajuato, Mexico, A. Dugés (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Bledos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, October, E. Palmer. This species differs from the two preceding by its slender elongate form, the simplicity of its male furcula, and by its general markings. 4, GLAUCIPES SERIES. The two species placed together here have comparatively little in common to warrant their combination as a series, and each should perhaps be made the basis of a distinct series if other forms are found allied to one and the other; but falling together by the characters given in our table, I have thought it best for the present to connect them. They have these common characteristics: The mesosternum in front of the lobes is plane in the male. The more ‘or less maculate tegmina extend only to the tip of the hind femora, and the hind tibiae have from ten to twelve spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate is simple, without elevated sides; the furcula is devel- oped as a pair of minute triangular denticles; the cerci are broad and short, only about twice as long as broad, a little upeurved, and apically broadly rounded, while the subgenital plate is moderately broad, pro- longed, and scarcely elevated apically. The species are of small or medium size; one occurs in Texas and northern Mexico, the other from Montana to Alaska. 16. MELANOPLUS GLAUCIPES. (Plate XI, fig. 6.) Caloptenus glaucipes SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), pp. 476-477; Ent. Notes, IV (1875), pp. 75-76.—THomas, Rep. U. 8S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42.—ScuppDER!, Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 20-21. Melanoplus glaucipes SCUDDER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75. Wood-brown. Head and pronotum yellowish brown, heavily flecked with blackish, more heavily and minutely above, giving it a wood-brown Proc. N. M. vol. xx ——11 Toe PROCEEDINGS OF PHE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. appearance; a broad black band extends from behind the eyes across the upper part of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, broadening on the metazona. Interspace between the eyes moderately narrow, scarcely wider than the first antennal joint; fastigium narrow, with sides broadening a little in front, pretty sharply defined, inclosing a moder- ately deep sulcus, deepest posteriorly ; frontal costa rather broad, nearly equal, fading out below, with a scarcely perceptible sulcus excepting about theocellus; antennae a little more(male) or much less (female) than three-fourths as long as the hind femora, orange red, paler at base. Pronotum subequal, the disk nearly plane, the front border truncate, the hind border obtusely angulate; median carina very slight, most distinct on the metazona, cut by all the transverse sulci; lateral carinae obsolete; prozona distinctly longitudinal, a third to a fourth longer than the metazona (male) or quadrate, only slightly longer than the metazona (female). Prosternal spine long, conical, bluntly tipped, some- what retrorse, in the male considerably appressed; interspace between mesosternal lobes about twice as long as broad in both sexes, the meta- sternal lobes attingent (male) or approximate (female). Tegmina as long as the body, brown, with a few dusky flecks along the central field. Legs darker or lighter brownish yellow, flecked with fuscous, the hind femora bifasciate above with blackish, besides a blackish base and apex; hind tibiae glaucous with a pale annulus at the base, interrupted in the middle bya blackish glaucous ring, the spines pallid at base, black beyond, ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen compressed, hardly clavate, upturned, the supraanal plate triangular with nearly straight sides, the surface sub- tectate, with a very deep and narrow percurrent median sulcus, bounded by sharp ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of basally attingent, minute, triangular denticulations, surmounting the ridges of the supra-’ anal plate; cerci broad at base, scarcely twice as long as broad, sub- reniform, well rounded, but little smaller on the apical half, not so long as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate broader-than long, neither elevated nor prolonged apically, but a little compressed, so that the thickened apical margin as seen from above is strongly rounded (the figure was, unfortunately, drawn from a specimen in which the extreme apex was slightly collapsed in drying) and subacuminate, extending far beyond the tip of the supraanal plate. Length of body, male, 22.5 mm., female, 28 nm.; antennae, male and female, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 16 mm., female, 18.75 mm.; hind femora, male, 12 mm., female, 15.5 mm. Nine males, 12 females. Dallas, Texas, August 18, Boll (Museum Comparative Zoology; U.S.N.M.—Riley collection; S. H. Scudder); Lerdo, Durango, Mexico (L. Bruner). NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 163 17. MELANOPLUS KENNICOTTII. (Plate XI, fig. 8.) Caloptenus bilituratus SCUDDER!, Daws., Rep. Geol. Rec. 49th par. (1875), p. 343. Melanoplus kennicottii SCuDDER!, Proc, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp. 287, 289, 290; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 46, 48, 49.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 60; Rep. U.S. Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 307. ’ Melanoplus bilituratus CAULFIELD (pars), Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), TOs abefle Caloptenus (Melanoplus) bilituratus CAULFIELD (pars), Can. Rec. Se., II (1887), p. 401; (pars), Can. Orth. (1887), p. 15. Melanoplus modestus BRUNER!, MS. Brownish testaceous, heavily mottled with fuscous. Head very dark above and in a postocular band; vertex rather tumid, particularly in the male, where it is distinctly elevated above the level of the prono- tum; interspace between the eyes rather broad, much broader than, in the female nearly twice as broad as, the basal joint of the antennae; fastigium rapidly declivent, broadly and rather deeply (male) or shal- lowly (female) sulcate throughout; frontal costa not very broad, slightly narrowed above, narrower than the interspace between the eyes; eyes moderately large and prominent; antennae testaceous, infuscated apic- ally, a little shorter than (male) or less than two-thirds as long as (female) the hind femora. Pronotum short, enlarging a little poste- riorly, the front border truncate, the hind border obtusely angulate, the angle rounded, dark testaceous above, more or less heavily mottled with fuscous, the lower portion of the lateral lobes lighter, but the upper part, on the prozona, with a broad piceous band, occasionally broken, especially in the female; median carina percurrent and slight, but feebler on the prozona than on the metazona; disk passing almost insensibly into the lateral lobes on the prozona, but on the metazona with a distinct though rounded angle; prozona feebly (male) or dis- tinetly (female) transverse, scarcely longer than the obscurely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, erect, conical, very blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes only a little longer than broad (male) or decidedly transverse, but narrower than the lobes themselves (female) ; metasternal lobes narrowly attingent (male) or approximate (female). Tegmina reaching, occasionally in the female surpassing, the tip of the hind femora, moderately narrow, distinctly tapering, brownish fuscous with feeble flecking along the discoidal area; wings moderately broad, hyaline, most of the veins and cross veins blackish fuscous. Hind femora brownish testaceous, more or less obliquely bifasciate with fuscous on the upper half, the genicular are piceous, the inferior face more or less but slightly fulvous; hind tibiae paler or browner testa- ceous, the spines black except at base, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen slightly clavate, upturned, the supraanal plate triangular with nearly straight sides and acutangu- late apex, the median sulcus pereurrent, not very narrow but mesially 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. constricted; fureula consisting of a pair of rather distant, minute, slender denticulations, lying outside the ridges bounding the sulcus of the supraanal plate; cerci coarse, punctate, hardly tapering, slightly upeurved, hardly twice as long as broad, the upper apical portion strongly compressed, while the rest is rather'tumid, the apex rounded, reaching beyond the supraanal plate; subgenital plate broad and short, neither elevated nor prolonged apically, the apical margin nar- rowly subtruncate. Length of body, male, 15 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; antennae, male, 6.5 mm., female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male, 11 mm., female, 13 mm.; hind femora, male, 8 mm., female, 10.5 mm. Three males, 2 females. Yukon River, Alaska, Kennicott; Souris River, Assiniboia, Dawson; Glendive, Dawson County, Montana (L. Bruner); Custer County, Montana (same). Bruner states that this insect feeds upon sagebrush, though it is uncertain whether this is the species he refers to in his statement, since the specimens received from him bear another name. 5. UTAHENSIS SERIES. In this small group the prozona of the male is quadrate or subquad- rate, and the interspace between the mesosternal lobes is as in the spretus series; in front of these lobes, also, the mesosternum of the male has a central swelling forming a blunt tubercle. The antennae are rather short and differ but little in the two sexes. The tegmina are fully developed, but rather short, surpassing the hind femora but little if at all, and clear or feebly maculate; the hind tibiae are red, with normally eleven spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate is rudely clypeate and longer than broad; the furcula well developed, consisting of flattened, parallel, more or less tapering fingers, half as long as the supraanal plate; the cerci are laminate and simple, very broad and short, subequal, broadly rounded apically, a little upcurved; the subgenital plate is peculiar, being exceptionally long and exceptionally broad, exceptionally elevated and prolonged at apex, the apical margin strongly rounded and mesially entire, though in one species laterally notched, an exceedingly exceptional feature. The species, three in number, vary from a little below the medium to rather large sized. They are found mainly in the Cordilleran region from about latitude 38° northward into Canada. 18. MELANOPLUS BRUNERI, new species. (Plate XI, fig. 7.) Melanoptus extremus? BRUNER!, Can. Ent., XVII (1885), p. 18. Brownish fuscous, often with a ferruginous tint. Head pale olivaceo- testaceous, dark fuscous or ferruginous above, often much infumated or mottled with fuscous below and with a piceous stripe behind the eyes;. vertex feebly tumid, scarcely raised above the level of the pronotuin ; No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 165 interspace between the eyes rather broad, as broad as (male) or broader than (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium rapidly descending with a regular curve, broadly and very shallowly sulcate (male) or plane with feebly raised margins between the eyes (female); frontal costa broad, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, equal, or feebly narrower above than below, just failing to reach the clypeal mar- gin, feebly impressed at and sometimes a little below the ocellus, punc- tate especially at the sides; eyes moderate, as long as the infraocular portion of the genae, not very prominent; antennae varying from fulvo- testaceous to rufous, much infuscated apically, about three-fourths as long as the hind femora, nearly as long in the female as in the male. Pronotum with the front margin transverse, the hind margin obtusely angulate, the angle rounded, the median carina percurrent, but feeble on the prozona, the prozona plano-convex, passing by a well-rounded angle into the subvertical lateral lobes, the disk smooth, quadrate (male) or feebly transverse (female), slightly longer than the finely and densely punctate metazona, the transverse sulci distinct and continuous; the upper two-fifths of the lateral lobes are marked on the prozona by a fuscous or piceous patch, while the lower half is occasionally lighter than the rest of the body. Prosternal spine erect, and moderately Iong, appressed conical, the tip blunt (male) or short, stout, conico-cylin- drical, very blunt (female); interspace between mesosternal lobes more than twice as long as broad (male) or subquadrate (female); metasternal lobes attingent (male) or distant by half the width of the frontal costa (female). Tegmina reaching and generally somewhat surpassing the tips of the hind femora, somewhat but rather delicately maculate in the basal two-thirds of the discoidal area; wings pellucid, rather broad. Hind temora fusco-ferruginous, obliquely blotched externally and above with lutco-testaceous, the lighter parts occurring before and past the middle and as a pregenicular annulus; beneath dull luteous with a tinge of fulvous; genicular are fusco-piceous; inferior genicular lobe pallid or sordid luteous with a basal black bar; hind tibiae pale red, sometimes with a pale greenish yellow tinge, sometimes with a feeble fuscous patellar mark, the spines black excepting at base, ten to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of the male abdomen a little clavate, much upturned, the supraanal plate rather narrow, demi-oval, with rounded sides and scarcely angulate apex, the rather deep median sulcus terminating beyond the middle by the con- traction of its rather stout lateral walls, each lateral half of the plate ‘with a short apical ridge in its middle; furcula consisting of a pair of ‘straight, parallel, flattened, rather slender, tapering, pointed, basally attingent fingers, reaching the middle of the supraanal plate; cerci broad, subequal but mesially contracted, compressed, slightly upeuryed and incurved laminae, bluntly rounded apically, more than twice as long as broad, shorter than the supraanal plate; infracercal plates broad, obliquely truncate apically, scarcely surpassing the supraanal plate; subgenital plate greatly prolonged and elevated apically, the 166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, apical face depressed so as to give a tendency to the margin to appear bilobed in drying, but te ee margin us entire, subtruncate, Length of body, male, 22 mm., female 22.5 mm.; antennae, male, 9.5 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 19 mm., foriaiel 18.75 mm.; hind femora, male and female, 12.5 mm. Twenty-three males, 25 females. Camp Umatilla, Washington, June 26 (Museum Comparative Zoology); Brown’s, Colville Valley, Wash- ington, July 24 (same); Loon Lake, Colville Valley, Washington, July 23 (same); Little Spokane, Washington, July 26 (same); Fort McLeod, Alberta, Canada, August (lL. Bruner; U.S.N.M.—Riley col- lection); Banff, Alberta, Bean, June, August (S. Henshaw); Montana (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Weeksville, Montana, August 2 (Museum Comparative Zoology); Yellowstone, Montana, August (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Gordon, Sheridan County, Nebraska, Bruner (same); South Park, Colorado, 8 5.000 to 10,000 feet; Florissant, E] Paso County, Colorado, anne i 99, 8,000 feet. Specimens from Colorado and Nebraska are a little smaller than those from further north, and have rather shorter wings. The same is true also of specimens taken at Banff, Alberta, in June. Bruner also reports it from Helena, Fort Ellis, and the Madison val- ley, Montana, and Salmon City, roe 19. MELANOPLUS EXCELSUS, new species.. (Plate XI, fig. 9.) Dull brownish fuscous, the under surface dull luteo-testaceous. Head dark above and in a piceous band behind the eyes, but elsewhere dull flavo-olivaceous, more or less clouded with plumbeous; vertex feebly tumid, raised slightly above the level of the pronotum in the male; interspace between the eyes rather broader than (male) or nearly twice as broad as (male) the basal antennal joint; fastigium plane with a basal transverse impression (female) or broadly and shallowly suleate throughout (male); frontal costa broad, broader than the interspace between the eyes, feebly narrowing above in the male, scarcely depressed at the ocellus, and sometimes in the male slightly below it, just failing to reach the clypeus, sparsely punctate; eyes moderately long, anteriorly truncate, as long as the infraocular portion of the genae, slightly prominent; antennae less than three-fourths (male) or than two thirds (female) as long as the hind femora, fusco-ferruginous, lighter at base. Pronotum gradually and slightly enlarging poste- riorly, with the front margin truncate, the hind margin bluntly obtus- angulate, the brownish fuscous base with a dull flavous tinge, which increases on the lateral lobes except in the upper portion of the prozona, which is mostly piceous, the sulci piceous, followed in the posterior sec- tion by a small flavous patch; median carina percurrent, black, sharper and more elevated on the metazona than on the prozona, the prozona plano-convex with broadly rounded lateral carinae, slightly more angu- late on the metazona; disk of prozona nearly smooth and quadrate No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 167 (male) or feebly transverse (female), no longer than the feebly and finely ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long and slender, conico-cylindrical, blunt (male) or short and stout, appressed conical, very blunt (female); interspace between mesosternal lobes inuch less than twice as long as broad (male) or transverse (female), the metasternal lobes attingent (male) or approximate (female). Tegmina just reaching as far as the hind femora, rather slender, scarcely tapering, distinctly and quadrately maculate in all but the apical fourth of the discoidal area; wings pellucid, not very broad. Hind femora obliquely marked alternately with blackish fuscous and brownish testaceous, showing most distinctly (and sometimes only) on the upper half, the lower half lighter, beneath red, in the female sometimes paler, the genicular arc piceous; hind tibiae bright red with a fuscous patellar spot, the spines black except at their very base, ten to twelve (usually eleven) in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably upturned, the supraanal plate narrow, the sides subparallel and broadly upturned over a little more than the basal half, beyond triangular with rectangulate apex, the median sulcus very deep and narrow between high and compressed walls, reaching nearly to the tip, so that each side has between these walls and the elevated margins of the plate a very pronounced sulcation; furcula consisting of a pair of strongly depressed, slender, parallel fingers, equal and Searcely parted in basal half, beyond tapering and bluntly pointed, reaching the middle of the supraanal plate; cerci very broad, subequal in basal half, then bent a little upward and feebly tapering but broadly rounded apically, the whole obliquely vertical, straight and not incurved, less than twice as long as broad, and shorter than the supraanal plate; infracercal plates thickened apically and a little surpassing the supra- anal plate, obliquely truncate; subgenital plate greatly prolonged and elevated apically, the apical margin entire, well rounded, in no way truncate. Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 7.5 mm., female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 16 mm., female, 15 mm.; hind femora, male, 11.5 im., female, 13 mm. Four males, 5 females. Above timber, 11,000 to 13,000 feet, on Mount Lincoln, Park County, Colorado, August 13. 20. MELANOPLUS UTAHENSIS, new species. (Plate XI, fig. 10.) Melanoplus utahensis BRUNER!, MS. Yellowish brown. Head luteous, much clouded with light fusco- olivaceous, the summit and a broad band behind the eyes very dark fusco-olivaceous, separated by a luteous stripe; vertex gently tumid, searcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes broad, fully as broad as the first antennal joint, the fastigium broadly and shallowly suleate except at base; frontal costa broad, feebly 168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. narrowed above the ocellus, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly depressed at the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes rather large, not very prominent, as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous. Pronotum gently widening posteriorly, the front margin scarcely convex and feebly and roundly emarginate in the middle, the hind margin obtusely angulate, the angle rounded, the median carina distinct and rather sharp on the metazona, feeble on the prozona and obsolete between the sulci; disk of prozona plano- convex, passing almost insensibly but with a broadly rounded angle into the subvertical lateral lobes, the lateral carinae feebly indicated on the metazona; mesial half of the disk of the prozona very dark fusco-olivaceous, bordered on either side by luteous; lateral lobes and metazona luteo-testaceous with an olivaceous tinge, the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona occupied by a broad fusco-fuliginous glistening band, failing to reach the anterior border and broader on the posterior than on the anterior section; prozona smooth, quadrate, a very little longer than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine long, slightly appressed cylindrical, blunt-tipped, very feebly retrorse; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male about half as long again as broad, the metasternal lobes attingent. Tegmina scarcely attaining the tips of the hind femora, moderately broad at base, dis- tinetly tapering, the tip narrow and strongly rounded, brownish testa- ceous without markings; wings pellucid, the main veins testaceous, the others blackish fuscous. Femora yellowish brown, the hind pair much infuseated on the outer face, especially above, the upper surface broadly marked with fuscous near base at tip, and with two other nearly confluent belts between, the inner face feebly and the lower face distinetly reddened; genicular are black; -hind tibiae uniformly red, the spines black nearly to the base, eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen broadly clavate, strongly upturned, the supraanal plate rather long, triangular, with rounded sides, acutangu- late apex, the basal two-thirds of the lateral margins broadly elevated, the median sulcus narrow and deep, extending over two-thirds of the plate, bounded by moderate walls; furcula consisting of a pair of very broad, parallel, elongated, strongly flattened pads with rounded tips, almost reaching the middle of the supraana! plate, their outer margins broadly rounded; cerci consisting of coarse and broad, punctate laminae, feebly narrowing in the basal half, beyond a little upturned, equal, very broadly rounded at apex, straight or feebly outcurved apically, not so long as the supraanal plate; infracercal plates visible only at extreme base; subgenital plate enormously produced and elevated (more abruptly elevated than represented in the figure), the apical margin deeply emarginate laterally, and well rounded and entire mesially. Length of body, male, 27mm.; tegmina,18mm.; hind femora, 14mm. One male. Salt Lake, Utah, August 30, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M.— tiley collection). No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 169 6. SPRETUS SERIES. This group is a very homogeneous one and comprises the species of Melanoplus which are especially destructive to vegetation by their immense numbers and more or less extended flights, such destructive- ness being almost confined to its members. The pronotum of the male is transverse or quadrate or feebly longitudinal, and the interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex varies from a little longer than broad to fully twice as long as broad, the mesosternum in front of the lobes centrally elevated to form a very low and blunt conical tubercle or boss. The tegmina are always fully developed, usually much surpassing the tips of the hind femora (though in one case not nearly reaching them), more or less maculate (only immaculate by individual exception), and the hind tibiae are variably colored, but either red or green (very rarely blue or yellow), and have nine to thirteen spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate of the male is subtriangular, rather long, with straight or sinuous lateral margins; the furcula consists of a pair of slender, tapering, parallel or divergent, generally feebly depressed fingers. generally extending over the basal fourth of the supraanal plate; the cerci are rather broad and nearly straight and nearly flat lamellae, the apical half narrower than the basal, generally through oblique excision of the lower margin, and usually bent upward a little, rounded or subtruncate at tip and from one and a half to three times as long as broad; the subgenital plate is haustrate, about as broad as long, more or less elevated apically and has the apical margin mesially notched. The species, seven in number, are of a medium or moderately large size and range widely (especially M. atlanis, the range of which is almost or quite equal to that of the group), occurring in every part of the United States, from Atlantic to Pacific, excepting most of California and the southernmost of the Atlantic States; members of the group occur also, but apparently in scanty numbers, as far beyond our southern borders as Central Mexico, and on the north, in full abundance, in Canada from ocean to ocean; but this group apparently does not extend so far north as the femur-rubrum series, for itis not known from Newfoundland or Labrador, nor about Hudson Ray, though in the west it reaches the Arctic Circle, two of the species occurring in Alaska. 21. MELANOPLUS ALASKANUS, new species. (Plate XII, fig. 1.) Slightly above the medium size, ferrugineo-fuscous with testaceous markings. Head pale castaneous, heavily marked above, at least in the male, with black, especially along the margins of the eyes and ina median stripe, besides a broad postocular band; vertex gently tumid, a lrud) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again (male) or fully twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium somewhat strongly declivent, broadly and rather deeply (male) or shallowly (female), suleate; frontal costa rather prominent, percurrent, feebly narrowed above, as broad as the inter- space between the eyes, finely and irregularly punctate throughout, but more sparingly below than above, sulcate at and a little below the ocellus; eyes moderately large, moderately prominent, longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae rufo-testaceous, about three- fourths (male) or less than three-fifths (female) aslong as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, expanding feebly on the metazona, luteo-castane- ous, the metazona and especially its disk rufo-castaneous, the lateral lobes of the prozona with a very broad piceous postocular band; disk of pronotum very broadly convex, passing by a rounded but distinet | shoulder, on the metazona forming subdistinct lateral carinae, into the anteriorly tumid vertical lateral lobes; median carina percurrent, but on the prozona rather feeble and uniform; front margin truncate, nar- rowly subemarginate, hind margin obtusangulate; prozona longitudi- nally quadrate (male) or feebly transverse (female), as long as the feebly ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, stout, appressed cylindrical, very obtuse; interspace between mesosternal lobes more than twice as long as broad, broadening posteriorly (male) or subquad- rate (female), Tegmina somewhat surpassing the tips of the hind femora, moderately broad, distinctly tapering, rufo-fuscous, feebly mae- ulate with black along the middle line. Fore and middle femora of male rather strongly tumid; hind femora pale flavo-testaceous, flecked with black in open transverse fasciations on the upper half, at base, just before, and somewhat behind the middle, the geniculation with the base of the lower genicular lobe black, the outer half of the inferior face roseate; hind tibiae dark or light red with a feeble fuscous patel- lar spot, the spines black beyond the base, ten to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, strongly recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with rather broad and subelepsydral median sulcus, bounded by not strongly elevated rounded walls; furcula consisting of a pair of rather coarse, parallel, basally attingent, tapering, acuminate, flattened fingers, a third as long as the supraanal plate; cerci subfalcate, tapering more rapidly in basal than in apical half, regularly curved upward, compressed, strongly rounded apically, more than twice as long as median breadth; subgenital plate pyramidal and strongly elevated apically, the apical margin much thickened but notched by a deep mesial contraction, which separates two rounded bosses. Length of body, male, 22 mm., female, 26 mm.; antennae, male (est.), 9 mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 18 mm., female, 20 mm.; hind femora, male, 12.5 mm., female, 14.5 mm. Two males, 1 female. Alaska, T. C. Mendenhall (U.S.N.M.); Spil- macheen, British Columbia, July 25 (S. Henshaw). No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. DB 22. MELANOPLUS AFFINIS, new species. (Plate XII, fig. 2.) Melanoplus afinis BRUNER!, MS. [Some of the synonymy given under WV. atlanis almost certainly belongs here. ] Slightly above the medium size, rather robust, griseo-fuscous, testa- ceous beneath. Head olivaceo-plumbeous, the elypeus and labrum paler, above more or less rufous and marked with fuscous, with a piceous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again (male) or fully twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fas- tigium very steeply declivent, broadly and considerably (male) or feebly (female) sulcate; frontal costa reaching or almost reaching the clypeus, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly narrowed above at least in the male, irregularly punctate throughout but more densely above than below, feebly sulcate at and slightly*below the ocellus; eyes moderately large, not very prominent, much longer than the intraocular portion of the genae; antennae flavo-testaceous, about three-fourths (male) or about two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Prono- tum subequal, expanding a little on the metazona, darker above than on the sides, the lateral lobes of the prozona with a more or less dis- tinct, sometimes broken, broad, piceous, postocular band, the disk nearly plane but broadly convex, passing into the subvertical lateral lobes by a well-rounded but distinct shoulder, forming tolerably distinct lateral carinae on the metazona; median carina percurrent, distinctly feebler on the prozona than on the metazona, as distinct between the sulci as in advance of them; front margin very feebly and very narrowly flaring, truncate, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle not much rounded; prozona feebly longitudinal or quadrate (male) or somewhat transverse (female), scarcely if any longer (male) or faintly shorter (female) than the densely but somewhat obscurely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, cylindrical, erect, very blunt and faintly appressed in the male, similar but shorter and more conical in the female; inteyr- space between mesosternal lobes twice or more than twice as long as broad (male) or subquadrate (female). Tegmina surpassing considera- bly the hind femora, moderately narrow, tapering feebly, rufo-fuscous or griseo-fuscous, with a distinct but more or less pronounced median series of fuscous annulations intercalated in basal half between more or less pronounced pallid dashes or spots; wings hyaline, the veins heavily infuscated apically and anteriorly. Fore and middle femora of male moderately tumid; hind femora rufo-testaceous, more or less clouded with fuscous and feebly bifasciate with fuscous above, the lower face and at least the lower half of the inner face roseate, the genicular are black ; hind tibiae pale glaucous, flavescent at apex and with a fuscous patel- lar spot, the spines black on more than the apical half, eleven, occasion- ally twelve, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen 172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. "NOL a alittle clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with slightly convex and slightly elevated lateral margins, subrectangulate apex, and arather narrow and not very deep percurrent median sulcus, bordered by narrow but rather low and rounded walls; furcula consisting of a pair of very slender, feebly divergent, tapering, acuminate spines, searcely a fourth as long as the supraanal plate; cerei consisting of a feebly tapering, feebly tumid basal half,and a subequal, slenderer, com- pressed apical half, the latter bent feebly inward and slightly upward, rounded apically, the whole a little more than twice as long as median breadth; subgenital plate with the apical margin feebly elevated, thick- ened and mesially notched, but not deeply. Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 26 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5 mm., female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male, 20 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 12.95 mm., female, 14 mm. Six males, 4 females. Salt Lake Valley, Utah, August 30 (L. Bruner); Fort McKinney, Johnson County, Wyoming, July (same); Olmstead’s, near Ellensburg, Kittitas County, Washington, July 14, 15, S. Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology); Ellensburg, Kittitas County, Wash- ington, July 14, Henshaw (same); Spokane, Washington, July 21, 22, Henshaw (same); Loon Lake, Colville Valley, Washington, July 25, Henshaw (same); Camp Umatilla, Washington, June 27, Henshaw (same); British Columbia, Crotch (same). Bruner in an unpublished account of this species gives its habitat as “in the mountains near Ogden, Utah, among the low trees and bushes, at an elevation slightly above the highest of the ancient shore lines of Salt Lake; also among the foothills of the Big Horn Mountains, near Fort McKinney, Wyoming.” In the same manuscript, Bruner compares the present species with M. atlanis, as follows: Closely related to M. atlanis in many respects; from which it is to be distinguished by its somewhat larger size and more robust form, also by its larger head and more prominent eyes. The last ventral segment [subgenital plate] of the male is shorter and the male cerei are narrower than in the typical atlanis. The color of the hind tibiae is pale glaucous as in intermedius instead of red, as is usually the case in typical specimens of atlanis. 23. MELANOPLUS INTERMEDIUS, new species. (Plate XII, figs. 3, 4.) Melanoplus intermedius BRUNER!, MS. [Some of the synonymy given under WM. atlanis almost certainly belongs here. ] A medium-sized or rather small species, of slender form, brownish fuscous, dulltestaceous beneath. Head slightly prominent, rufo- or fusco- testaceons, more or less heavily flecked with fuscous above, or wholly infuscated, with a broad piceous or fuscous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, a little (sometimes considerably) elevated above the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes fully half as broad again as the first antennal joint, slightly broader in the female than in No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 173 the male; fastigiumrather steeply declivent, distinctly (male) or shal- lowly (female) and broadly suleate; frontal costa rather prominent, per- current or almost percurrent, equal, as broad as (female) or slightly broader than (male) the interspace between the eyes, biseriately pune- tate throughout, slightly depressed at and just below the ocellus; eyes moderately large, prominent especially in the male, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae fulvous, basally lutescent, four-fifths (male) or less than three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal but for the geutly flaring metazona, more or less infuscated, sometimes punctate or strigose with fuscous, with a generally distinct postocular piceous band on the lateral lobes of the prozona, the disk very broadly convex and passing into the subvertical lateral lobes by a broadly rounded but distinct shoulder, occasionally angulate on the metazona; median carina distinct on the metazona, feeble on the prozona, nearly always (especially in the male) subobsolete between the sulci; front margin truncate or subtruncate, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle little rounded; prozona feebly longitudinal or rarely quadrate (male) or more or less distinctly transverse (female), gen- erally and especially in the male a little longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, erect, cylindrical, blunt, in the female tapering a little as seen from the front; interspace between mesosternal lobes twice as long as broad (male) or a little longer than broad (female). Tegmina reaching or somewhat surpass- ing the tips of the hind femora, rather slender, tapering with some distinctness, apically narrow, brownish fuscous, apically fusco-hyaline, the middle third or more of the discoidal area more or less feebly and rather minutely flecked with fuscous; wings moderately broad, liyaline, with blackish fuscous veins. Fore and middle femora of male not very tumid (the middle more than the fore femora), the hind femora flavo- testaceous, very obliquely and rather broadly bifasciate with fuscous, which sometimes suffuses nearly the whole upper half, the lower face sometimes very feebly roseate, the genicular are black, the lower genicular lobe usually pallid throughout; hind tibiae pale glaucous, rarely red, the spines black nearly to their base, ten to twelve in num- ber in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen feebly clavate, gently recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with feebly couvex lateral margins, subrectangulate apex, and a narrow percurrent median sulcus between rather high and sharp walls; furcula consisting of a pair of feebly divergent, slender, tapering and acuminate, slightly depressed spines about a fourth the length of the supraanal plate; cerci rather small, a little more than twice as long as broad, gently tapering and externally a little tumid in the basal half, beyond subequal, compressed or subsuleate, gently upturned, apically subtruncate or broadly rounded; subgenital plate very slightly elevated apically, the margin feebly notched. Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 22 min.; antennae, male, 8.25 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, mm., female, 6.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 13 mm., female, 13.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11.5 mm. Fifteen males, 23 females. White River, Rio Blanco County, Colo- rado, July 24-Angust 14; Yellowstone, Montana, August (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection; L. Bruner); Yellowstone National Park, September 6-12; Salmon City, Lemhi County, Idaho, August (U.S,N.M.— Riley collection); Washington, Morrison (same.) Mr. Bruner, in an unpublished account of this species kindly placed in my hands, says that the point in Montana where this species was taken is in the Yellowstone Valley above the mouth of the Big Horn River; and he gives the following points of difference between this species and JM. atlanis: In intermedius the entire body is more or less covered with rather long fine hairs, the thorax is much longer than in atlanis—throwing the base of the posterior femora considerably back of the middle—and in this respect resembling Pezotettix [Melano- plus] washingtonianus Bruner. The male cerci are longer and narrower than in atlanis, and are curved slightly inward and upward on the apical half; they are also shallowly grooved from the outside. The last ventral segment [subgenital plate] of the male abdomen isa little shorter than in that species, and the prosternal spine is also much longer, stouter, and more bluntly pointed than there. The general color- ization is much the same as in atlanis but darker—being dull brown and gray above and dingy beneath; there are no well-defined bands upon the posterior femora, and the tibiae are dull glaucous, more or less tinged with brown, especially on the basal third and near the apex. It differs from M. atlanis, to which it is most nearly allied, in the longer male antennae, the weaker median carina of the pronotum, the more heavily marked hind femora, and its smaller and slenderer form. 24. MELANOPLUS BILITURATUS. (Plate XII, fig. 5.) Caloptenus bilituratus WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 679.— THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 160; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 48.—PACKARD, Ibid., I (1878) p. [143].—ScuDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 289; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 48. Melanoplus bilituratus CAULFIELD (pars), Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71. Caloptenus ( Melanoplus) bilituratus CAULFIELD (pars), Can, Rec. Sc., II (1887), p. 401; (pars), Can. Orth. (1887), p. 138. ? Melanoplus scriptus COCKERELL, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX (1894), p. 357. [Some of the synonymy given under J. atlanis almost certainly belongs here. ] A little above the medium size, rather robust, griseo-fuscous. Head a little prominent, fusco-testaceous or fusco-plumbeous, generally more or less infuscated above in longitudinal streaks and with a postocular piceous band; vertex somewhat tumid, a little elevated above the pro- notum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again as the first antennal joint, or slightly broader than that in the female; fastigium steeply declivent, sulcate throughout, more deeply in the male than in the female; frontal costa failing to reach the clypeus, slightly narrowed above but fully as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly sul- cate at and below the ocellus, feebly and more or less biseriately punc- tate throughout; eyes pretty large, rather prominent, distinctly longer No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 175 than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous, about two-thirds (male) or rather more than three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal on the prozona, expanding posteri- orly on the metazona, darker above than on the sides, buf occasionally with pale stripes following the inner margin of the lateral carinae, the lateral lobes with a generally maculate or broken but usually conspica- ous piceous postocular band confined to the prozona, the disk plane on the metazona, feebly convex on the prozona, passing abruptly into the vertical lateral lobes by a distinct shoulder, on the metazona forming rather definite lateral carinae; median carina distinct on the metazona, subdued and uniform on the prozona, more nearly obsolete in the female than in the male; front margin truncate, hind margin feebly obtusang- ulate; prozona quadrate or feebly longitudinal (male) or transversely subquadrate or transverse (female), scarcely or not longer than the densely punctate metazona, Prosternal spine not very stout, stouter in the female than in the male, appressed conical, rather blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully twice as long as broad (male), or subquadrate (female). Tegmina generally surpassing a little, sometimes considerably, the hind femora, moderately slender, tapering but little, well rounded apically, brownish fuscous, variably maculate but generally rather heavily marked along the discoidal area, sometimes sprinkled with fuscous over a large part of the tegmina, rarely reduced to a feeble series of spots along the middle line; wings rather broad, hyaline with fuscous veins. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora testaceous or flavo-testaceous, heavily and obliquely (and more or less distinctly) bifasciate with fuscous or black- ish fuscous.over the upper and outer faces, the geniculation black, often with an indistinct pregenicular pale flavous annulation, the lower face with a flush of roseate; hind tibiae bright red (by rare exception glau- cous) with a more or less distinct fuscous patellar spot, the spines black almost to the base, eleven to thirteen, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Hxtremity of male abdomen considerably clavate, well recurved, the supraanal plate long triangular, feebly compressed in the middle, the apex acutangulate, the margins elevated, the median sulcus rather heavy and deep, apically evanescent, its walls stout; fur- cula consisting of a pair of parallel, tapering, flattened fingers about a third as long as the supraanal plate; cerci nearly three times as long as middle breadth, consisting of a feebly tapering basal portion nearly twice as long as broad, and an apical, slightly inbent and feebly upturned, externally broadly sulcate, subequal portion, well rounded at tip; subgenital plate subpyramidal, with its lateral margins very feebly sinuate, the apical margin rising a little higher and distinctly notched as well as laterally tumid. Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 26.5 mm.; antennae, male, 9 mm., female, 8.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 18.5 mm., female, 20 mm.; hind femora, male, 15 mm., female, 14 mm. Forty-eight males, 71 females. British Columbia, G. W. Taylor (I 176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Bruner); same, G. R. Crotch; Vancouver Island, British Columbia, H. Edwards (8S. H. Scudder; U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Victoria, Van- couver Island, British Columbia, Packard (same); Gold Stream, Van- couver Island, British Columbia, July 17 (S. Henshaw); Sicamous, British Columbia, July 25 (same); Northwest Boundary Survey, Doctor Kennerly; Washington, Morrison (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection; 8. Henshaw); Camp Umatilla, Washington, June 26, Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology); Loon Lake, Stevens County, Washington, July 25, Henshaw (same); Brown’s, Colville Valley, Washington, July 24, Henshaw (same); Ellensburg, Kittitas County, Washington, July 14, Henshaw (same); Easton, Kittitas County, Washington (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Spokane, Washington, July 21, 22, Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology); Fort Wallawalla, Washington, Ben- dire (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Wallula, Wallawalla County, Washington, September 1, Packard (same; S. H. Scudder); Morgan’s Ferry, Yakima River, Washington, July 1, Henshaw (Museum Com- parative Zoology); La.Chapples, Yakima River, Washington, July 16, Henshaw (same); Umatilla, Oregon, July 25, Henshaw (same); Ruby Valley, Elko County, Nevada, R. Ridgway; Camp Halleck, Elko County, Nevada, E. Palmer; Reno, Washoe County, Nevada (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Truckee Valley, Nevada, R. Ridgway; Lake Tahoe, Nevada, Packard (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Weeksville. Montana, August 2, Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology). This is the species which has been classed,in the National Museum as belonging to Walker’s Caloptenus scriptus, and is therefore prob- ably the species so named by Cockerell! as coming: from Colorado. It is, however, not that species, a female specimen of the present species having at my request been compared with the types by Mr. S. Henshaw during a recent visit in London. As compared with this, he finds the true scriptus to be “much larger, heavier, and with shorter, heavier, and more clumsy prosternal spine; thoracic carinae, especially the median, Sharper and more prominent; cups of upper vatves of ovipositor much-deeper; lower valves much heavier.” He also compared this with the type of Walker’s Caloptenus bilituratus and found it the same, ‘agreeing as to front, eyes, thoracic carinae, prosternal spine, and mesosternal lobes.” This species varies somewhat, and runs very close indeed to MW. atlanis; more so in the northern exampies from British Columbia and Wash- ington than in those from Nevada; and were it not for the considera- ble uniformity of Nevada specimens, in which the male cerci are always relatively long and slender, and their marked distinction from Utah specimens of M. atlanis, I should have hesitated to regard the species as distinct from JV. atlanis, especially in view of the great variation in the latter species. As it is, 1 have been in much doubt where to place females from British Columbia and Washington, where the two species occur together. 1'Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX (1894), p. 337. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. sever 25. MELANOPLUS DEFECTUS, new species. (Plate XII, fig. 6.) Of medium or a little less than medium size, ferrugineo-flavous. Head not prominent, flayous or ferruginous or a mixture of both, marked above with a double median black line and with a piceous postocular band of varying width; vertex gently tumid, feebly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes alike in both sexes, half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, deeply sulecate; frontal costa failing to reach the clypeus, subequal, as broad as or slightly broader than the interspace between the eyes, sulecate at and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate through- out; eyes moderately large, not very prominent, much lenger than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae flavo-luteous, about two-thirds (male) or about three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pro- notum subequal on the prozona, expanding posteriorly on the metazona, darker above than on the sides, the lateral lobes with a broad, broken, and irregular, piceous, postocular band confined to the prozona, the disk nearly plane but feebly convex, passing into the vertical lobes by a distinctly angulated but rounded shoulder nearly forming lateral carinae on the metazona; median carina distinct on the metazona, subobsolete and equal on the prozona; front margin truncate, hind margin obtusan- gulate, the angle wellrounded; prozona feebly transverse in both sexes, scarcely or not longer than the densely punctate metazona. Proster- nal spine rather short, feebly conical, very blunt, slightly appressed, suberect, shorter in the female than in the male; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad (male) or subquadrate (female). Tegmina slightly abbreviated, scarcely (female) or a little (male) surpassing the middle of the hind femora, of moderate breadth, tapering regularly but not greatly to a rather broadly rounded apex, brownish hyaline, flecked with black at base and along middle of dis- coidal area; wings similarly developed. Fore and middle femora of male scarcely enlarged; hind femora varying from flavous to ferrugi- nous, the outer face and especially its upper portion more or less and rather uniformly infuscated between the incisures, the inner face tri- maculate above, the lower face feebly roseate, the genicular are and a transverse bar at base of lower genicular lobe black or fuscous; hind tibiae pale red, the spines black beyond the base, ten to twelve in num- ber in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, a little recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with acutangulate apex and the lateral margins elevated especially on the basal half, the median sulcus tolerably deep between high and narrow but rounded walls; furcula consisting of a pair of moderately distant, scarcely diverging, tapering, slender spines, a little larger than the last dorsal segment; cerci slightly less than twice as long as median breadth, the basal half feebly tapering, the apical half narrowed by the slight oblique excision Proc. N. M. vol. xx-——12 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. of the inferior margin, strongly compressed 0 or subsulcate, the apex broadly rounded; subgenital plate with its notched and doubly bossed apical margin strongly and abruptly elevated above the lateral margin. Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 6 mm., female, 6.75 mm.; tegmina, seis: 10.5 mm., female, 9.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.5 nm., female, 11.5 mm. One male, 1 female. Grand Junction, Mesa County, Colorado, June (L. Bruner). 26. MELANOPLUS ATLANIS. (Plate XII, fig. 7.) Caloptenus spretus PACKARD, Amer. Nat., VIII (1874), p. 502; ibid., IX (1875), p. 573.—RiLry, Can. Ent., VII (1875), p. 180. Caloptenus atlanis Rituy!, Ann. Rep. Ins. Mo., VII (1875), p. 169; ibid., VIII (1876), pp. 118-118, 153.—WuITMAN, Grasshopper (1876), p. 19.—RILEY!, Ann. Rep. Ins. Mo., IX ‘1877), p. 86; Loc. Plagne (1877), pp. 22-24, 27, 198-199.— Tuomas, Rep. Ent. Ill., VII (1878), p. 38; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. V (1878), p. 500; Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878, 1845 (1878); Rep.U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), pp. 49-50, 52.—PAckKARD, ibid., I (1878), pp. 185, [140-144].— THOMAS, PACKARD, ibid., I (1878), p. 140.—RILEy, ibid., I (1878), pp. 220, 225, 226, 232, 237, 284, 299, 446, 458, pl. 11.—THomas, ibid., II (1881), p. 106.— LINTNER, ine: Clover (1881), p. 5.—RiLEyY, Bull. U. S. Ent. Comm., VI (1881), pp. 89-90; Amer. Nat., XVII (1883), p. 1073; Rep. U.S. Ent., 1883 (1883), pp. 99, 170-180, pl. 11.—Packarp, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), pp. 273-217, pls. XX-XXI.—BRUNER, ibid., III (1883), pp. 9, 10, 14,54.—RILEy, Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), p. 194.—Cook, Beal’s Grasses N. A., I (1887), p. 373.—CAULFIELD, Can. Rec. Se., II (1837), pp. 399, 401; Can. Orth. (1887), pp. 11, 14.—Weep, Bull. Ohio Exp. St., Techn. Ser., I (1889), p. 39.— ScHWARz, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I (1890), p. 218.—Howarp, Ins. Life, IV (1891), p. 124.—Ritty, Bull. Div. Ent. U. 8. Dep. Agric., XXV (1891), pp. 26-27, figs. 4a-c.— MILLIKEN, Ins. Life, VI (1893), pp. 19, 21 Caloptenus atlantis THomMas, Bull. Ill. Mus. Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 68.—RILEy, Amer. Nat., XI (1877), p. 665; ibid., XII (1878), p. 285.—THOMas, Rep. Ent. EU DR 1( (1880), pp. 92, 96, 124. Caloptenus femur-rubrum PROV ANCHER!, Nat. Can., VIII (1876), pp. 109-110, fig. 12; Faune Ent. Can., II (1877), p. 36, fig. 9. Melanoplus devastator SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp. 285-286, 287-288; (pars), Ent. Noses, VI (1878), pp. 46-47, 48-49; (pars), Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., II, app. (1880), p. 24. Melanoplus atlantis ScUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 286, 287; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 45, 46.—CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soe. Ont., XVIII (1888), p. 71.—Comsrock, Intr. Ent. eet pp. 108, 110. Melanoplus atlanis ScuppDER!, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., II, app. (1881), p. 24, pl. XVII, fig. 6.—BRUNER, ibid., Ill ¢ me , p. GO; Can. Ent., XVII (1885)) p: 17; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), pp. 187-138.—RILEy, Rep. U.S. Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 233, pl. vi, figs. 7Ta-c.—BRUNER, ibid., 1885 (1886), pp. 305, 304, 306, 307; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XIII (1887), p.11.—FERNALD, Orth. N. E. (1888), pp. 31, 33; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XXV (1888), pp. 115, 117.— FLETCHER, Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XIX (1889), p. 10; Rep. Exp. Farms Can., 1888 (1889), p. 63.—Davis, Ent Amer., V (1889), p.81.—MaR.att, Ins. Life, II (1889), pp. 66-70.—Smrru, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 416.—BLATCHLEY, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 98.—BruNzrR, ibid., XXIII (1891), p. 1925 Ins. Life, III (1891), p. 229; ibid., IV (1891), pp. 21, 146; Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXIT (1891), p. 48; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXIII (1891), p. 14; Rep. St. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 179 Bad. Agric. Nebr., 1891 (1891), pp. 243, 306.—McNEILL, Psyche, VI (1891), pp. 73-74.—WEED, Can. Ent., XXIV (1892), p. 278.—BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XX VII (1892), pp. 12-29; ibid., XXVIII (1893), pp. 29-30, figs. 14a-c; ibid., XXX (1893), p.35; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., IIT (1893), p. 28; Rep. Nebr. St. Bd. Agric., 1893 (1893), p. 459; Ins. Life, VI (1893), p.34.—ScuppER, Psyche, VI (1893), p. 462.—OsxBorn, Ins. Life, V (1893), pp. 323-325; ibid., VI (1893), pp. 80-81.—Morsg, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 106.—BEUTENMULLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1891), p. 306.—BRUNER, Rep. St. Hort. Soe. Nebr., 1894 (1894), p. 163; Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XXXII (1894), p. 12; Nebr. St. Hort. Rep., 1895 (1895), p. 69.—LINTNER, Rep. St. Mus. N. Y., XLVIII (1895), 440-443. Caloptenus bilituratus BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 60. Pezotettix atlanis HUNT, Mise. Ess. Econ. Ent. Ill. (1886), pp. 120, 126.—GarMan, Orth. Ky. (1894), pp. 3, 8. Melanoplus atlanis caeruleipes COCKERELL, Entom., XXII (1889), p. 127. {Many of these references may belong to species not heretofore distinguished from MW. aétlanis.] Varying from medium to a little above medium size, dark griseo-fus- cous, often tinged more or less heavily with ferruginous. Head a little prominent, olivaceo-testaceous freckled with fuscous, above more or less infuscated, sometimes diffusing the whole, sometimes confined to two divergent longitudinal stripes, with a broad, piceous, postocular band; vertex rather tumid, somewhat elevated above the pronotum, the inter- space between the eyes nearly twice as broad as the first antennal joint in both sexes; fastigium steeply declivent, shallowly sulecate, more shal- lowly in the female than in the male; frontal costa rather prominent, failing to reach the eclypeus, feebly narrowed above especially in the male, fully as broad as the interspace between the eyes, slightly sulcate at and below the ocellus, irregularly punctate throughout, above more densely and with a tendency to a biseriate arrangement; eyes moderate, rather prominent particularly in the male, much longer than the infra- ocular portion of the genae; antennae rufo- or luteo-testaceous, about five-sixths (male) or three fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum rather short, feebly and angularly constricted in the middle, the broad angulation at the principal suleus and produced mostly by the posterior expansion of the metazona, more or less infuscated and often also ferruginous above, the lateral lobes with a generally distinct and entire but sometimes broken or maculate, broad, piceous, postocular band, confined to the prozona; disk broadly convex and passing into the vertical lateral lobes somewhat abruptly but with a well-rounded shoulder, simulating but nowhere really forming distinct lateral carinae; median carina distinct and well marked on the metazona, obscure and generally subobsolete on the prozonaif not indeed obsolete, particularly between the sulci and in the female; front margin truncate but very narrowly and minutely flaring, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle very Slightly rounded; prozona subquadrate—a little variable on either side (male) or distinctly transverse (female), rarely and then feebly longer than the densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine variable, usually short, conical, a little blunt, slightly appressed, erect (male) or 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. | short appressed subconical, very blunt, erect (female), but sometimes it — is very blunt and decidedly appressed in the male, also it is occasionally distinctly transverse, but it usually shows a distinct taper, generally from base to tip; interspace between mesosternal lobes varying from quadrate to half as long again as broad (male) or from quadrate to slightly longer than broad (female). Tegmina usually surpassing con- siderably the hind femora, occasionally and especially in the female only a little, slender, feebly tapering, brownish fuscous, nearly always flecked lightly with fuscous throughout the discoidal area; wings rather broad, hyaline, the veins mostly testaceous, growing increasingly fuscous toward the margins, the apex sometimes most faintly, scarcely percepti- bly, infumate. Thoracic episterna mostly flavo-testaceous in contrast to the fuscous surroundings. Fore and middle femora of male somewhat tumid; hind femora luteo- or flavo-testaceous, obscurely broadly and obliquely bitasciate with fuscous besides the fuscous base, the inner sur- face mostly flavous, more or less clouded with fuscous, the lower surface externally flushed with roseate, the geniculation mostly fuscous; hind tibiae normally rather bright red, often feebly pallescent at base, with a faint fuscous patellar spot, but not infrequently pale red or pale green or pale yellow, or even dark blue, the spines black beyond the base, nine to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo- men alittle clavate, a little recurved, the supraanal plate triangular or hastate, feebly compressed just beyond the middle, the lateral mar- gins before that a little elevated, the tip acutangulate, the median sulcus moderately deep, evanescent apically, its bounding ridges rather high and followed apically by a pair of more distant longitudinal ridges of less importance; furcula consisting of a pair of more or less diver- gent, slight, slender, acuminate spines, less than a third, sometimes only a fourth, the length of the supraanal plate; cerci generally about twice as long as broad, sometimes less than that, rarely exceeding if, composed of a basal, nearly equal, feebly tumid piece, and a strongly compressed, slightly upturned and somewhat inbent apical portion, narrowed by the oblique excision of the inferior margin, the apex well rounded; subgenital plate subpyramidal, with the apical margin a little but rather abruptly elevated, thickened and mesially notched with greater or less, generally considerable, distinctness, the notch followed by a posterior suleation to some distance. Length of body, male, 21.5 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 10 min., female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 20 mm.; hind femora, wale, 12.5 mm., female, 12.75 mm. Three hundred and eighty-seven males, 408 females. Halifax, Nova Scotia, H. Piers; Ottawa, Canada (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Maine, Packard; Moosehead Lake, Maine; Bar Harbor, Mount Desert Island, Maine (S. Henshaw); White Mountains, New Hampshire, from valleys through forests to highest summits of Mount Washington, Mount Madison, Mount Lafayette—Scudder, Henshaw, Packard, Shurtleff, Morse, Mrs. Slosson (S. H. Scudder; Museum Comparative Zoology, No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. Sk S. Henshaw; A. P. Morse); Bethlehem, Grafton County, New Hamp- shire (Henshaw); Shelburne, Coos County, New Hampshire; Mount Kearsarge, New Hampshire, 2,000 feet to 3251 feet (A. P. Morse); Boscawen, Merrimack County, New Hampshire (U.S.N.M.—Riley col- lection); Sudbury, Rutland County, Vermont; various localities in the vicinity of or belonging to Boston, Massachusetts—Hyde Park, Beverly, Clifton, Milton, Blue Hills, Brookline, Canton, Revere, Chelsea, Malden, Jamaica Plain, Cambridge (S. Henshaw; Museum Compara- tive Zoology; A. P. Morse; 8. H. Seudder); Plum Island, Putnam, and Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts (Museum Comparative Zoology); Warwick, Franklin County, Massachusetts, Miss A. M. Edmands (same); Springfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts, Allen (same); Williamstown, Berkshire County, Massachusetts; Adams, Berkshire County, Massachusetts (A. P. Morse); Greylock, Massachusetts, 3,500 feet (same); Cape Cod, Massachusetts; Provincetown, Barnstable County, Massachusetts; Nantucket, Massachusetts (S. Henshaw; 8. H. Scudder); West Chop, Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, Morse (Museum Comparative Zoology); Canaan and South Kent, Litehfield County, Connecticut (A. P. Morse); Sullivan Couuty, New York, Shaler (Museum Comparative Zoology); New Jersey; Pennsylvania; Middle States, Baron Osten Sacken; Washington, D.C. (L. Bruner; U.S.N.M.— tiley collection); Danville, Pittsylvania County, Virginia, Packard (Museum Comparative Zoology); North Carolina (S. Henshaw); Beau- fort, Carteret County, North Carolina, Shute (Museum Comparative Zoology); South Carolina (same); Georgia, Jones (same); Rossville, Walker County, Georgia, King (same); Vigo County, Indiana ( Blatch- ley); Detroit, Michigan, H. Gillman; Illinois, Thomas (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Chicago, [linois; Moline, Rock Island County, Illinois, MeNeill; southern Illinois (Museum Comparative Zoology; S. H. Seudder); Sudbury, Ontario; Winnipeg, Manitoba, R. Kenni- cott; Minneapolis, Minnesota (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Custer, South Dakota, Bruner (same); Crawford and Greene counties Iowa, Allen; Nebraska, Dodge; Fort Robinson and Chadron, Dawes County, Nebraska, Bruner (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Gordon, Sheridan County, Nebraska, Bruner (same); Nebraska City, Otoe County, Nebraska, Hayden; St. Louis, Missouri (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection; S. H. Scudder); Bushberg, Jefferson County, Missouri (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); New Madrid, Missouri, R. Kennicott; Williamsville, Wayne County, Missouri, S. W. Denton (A. P. Morse); Monticello, Lawrence County, Mississippi, Miss Helen Jennison; Canebreak, Louisiana, on cotton, Comstock (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Texas, Belfrage, Lincecum; Dallas, Texas, Boll; Columbus, Colorado County, Texas, on cotton (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Orizaba and Aguas Calientes, Mexico (L. Bruner); San Lorenzo, Chihuahua, Mexico, Palmer; Mount Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Palmer; Bledos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Palmer; Fort Grant, Graham County, Arizona (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); 40 miles east of Tucson, Pima County, 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX- Arizona, Palmer; Fort. Ww hipple, Yavapai County, Arizona, Palmer; Arizona, Burrison (Museum Comparative Zoology); Flagstaff, Coco- nino County, Arizona, Cordley (L. Bruner); Las Cruces, Donna Ana County, New Mexico, Cockerell; Colorado (U.S.N.M.—Riley collec- tion; C. P. Gillette; S. Henshaw); Fruita, Mesa County, Colorado (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Beaver Brook, Colorado, 6,000 feet; Salt Lake, Utah, Packard; Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 4,300 feet; American Fork Canyon, Utah, 9,500 feet; Provo, Utah County, Utah; Spring Lake Villa, Utah County, Utah, Palmer; Douglas, Converse County, Wyoming (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Evanston, Uinta County, Wyoming, 6,800 feet; Fort McKinney, Johnson County, Wyoming (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Yellowstone National Park; Beaver Canyon Road, Idaho; Yellowstone, Montana (U.S.N.M.—Riley coillee- tion); oe Custer County, Montana, A. Sloggy (same); Eldorado County, California, 4,000 feet, Gissler; Umatilla, Oregon, Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology); The Dalles, Wasco County, Oregon, Henshaw (same); Washington, Morrison (S. Henshaw); Camp Uma- tilla, Washington, Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology); Preston’s, Klikitat—Lone Tree, Yakima River—opposite Ellensburg, Yakima tiver—Olmstead’s, near HVensburg—Nelson’s, Yakima River—Yakima City—and Brown’s, Colville Valley, W asin een Henshaw (same); British Columbia, Crotch (Museum Comparative Zoology); explorations in Arctic America and Yukon River, Alaska, R. Kennicott; Laggan, Alberta, Bean (S. Henshaw; 5. H.Seudder); Banff and Calgary, Alberta, Bean (S. Henshaw); Fort McLeod, Alberta (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection ; L. Bruner). The published accounts add very little to the above range of distri- bution, except that it is reported from Quebec (Provancher), northern California (Packard), Nevada (Seudder), and south as far as middle Florida—probably by error (Packard). It is probable, therefore, that it is found in every part of the continu- ous district of the United States, excepting in the southernmost Atlantie States and most of California, being thus limited very much as J/. femur- rubrum; it extends also into central Mexico, and north of our boundary is found from Atlantic to Pacific as far at least as latitude 50° (except- ing Newfoundland), and on the Pacific side reaches north to the Yukon River and probably the Lower McKenzie. Next to J. spretus this is our most destructive locust, and east of the Mississippi probably the only one ever doing much damage. Its injuries, however, are not for a moment to be compared with those inflicted by JW. spretus, for, though possessing good powers of flight aud on rare occasions known to migrate in swarms, its injuries can only be classed as local, and they are never so serious as those inflicted by M. spretus; nevertheless they are by no means slight, and immense destruction of grain is to be laid at its door. Bruner, who has studied this insect over a wide extent of country, says that ‘‘ while it occurs over... an extended territory, it appears to be . . . partial to hill) No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 183 or mountainous regions . . .; it seems also to preter a wooded or mixed country to the open prairies or plains.” This is one of the most variable of the Melanopli, and it is some- times difficult to distinguish from its immediate allies. The above description is drawn up primarily from Eastern examples which came from the region from which the species was originally described. Specimens from the dry plains of the West (especially noted in those from Utah) are decidedly paler and more cinereous in aspect than those from relatively fertile country, and they have often a flavous stripe bordering the eye and continued along the position of the lateral carinae; a Similar but not so striking a cinereous hue attaches to those that occur in sandy localities in the Eastern States, as along the sea margin. The exact contrary is shown in Canada just east of the Rocky Mountains, where the specimens are exceedingly dark in color, almost blackish fuscous, with heavy fasciation of the hind femora;! but here again a difference of another sort occurs as one passes eastward, speci- mens from Laggan and Banff almost invariably having relatively long and slender male cerci, while at Calgary all that have been seen (with avery few from the former localities) have male cerci hardly more than half as long again as broad. Specimens from Mexico, however, agree very closely with those from New England. Specimens with green hind tibiae have been seen by me from: the White Mountains, New Hampshire, but not from the summits (except Kearsarge 3,251 feet), from the vicinity of Boston, at Provincetown, and on the island of Nantucket, Massachusetts, from Laggan, Alberta, the Yellowstone region, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Missouri, Colo- rado, from the Salt Lake valley and American Fork Canyon (9,500 feet), Utah, Texas, and Chihuahua, Mexico. Specimens with dark blue hind tibiae have been seen from Iowa, Colorado, American Fork Canyon, Utah, and Texas. In nearly or quite all these cases specimens with red hind tibiae predominated in the same district. According to Riley the first mature insects observed one year about St. Louis, Missouri, appeared July 12, and deposited eggs by July 20. The eggs had a quadrilinear arrangement iu the pod, hatched in from three to four weeks, and the young took eighty days to reach maturity. He says he has proved that the insect is there double-brooded, though I find no data published by him in support of the statement, and the above facts drawn from his writings militate against it. Bruner, how- ever, agrees with it, saying that in the District of Columbia a second brood appears in the late autumn, composed of smaller and darker individuals. I have seen nothing of the kind in New England. The points in which the unfledged locusts differ from the same stages in MW. spretus and M. femur-rubrum are explained and figured in the first report of the United States Entomological Commission, in which many other interesting points regarding this species will be found. ‘Specimens from Sudbury, Ontario, are similarly dark. 184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou xx. 27. MELANOPLUS: SPRETUS. (Plate XII, fig. 8.) Caloptenus spretus UHLER!, MS. (1863).—[ WALSH], Pract. Ent., IT (1866), p. 1.— GLOVER, Rep. U. 8. Dep. Agric., 1867 (1867), p. 65, fig. —SCUDDER, Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XI (1868), p. 436; ibid., XII (1868), p. 88.—[WatsH, Ritty], Amer. Ent., I (1868), pp. 16, 73, fig. 65; ibid., I (1869), p. 249.— WatsH, Rep. Ins. Ill., I (1868), p. 82.—Packarpb, Guide Ins. (1869), p. 570, fig. 564a.—THomas, Amer. Ent., II (1870), p. 81; Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Phila., 1870 (1870), p. 78. —WaALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 678.— GLOVER, Rep. U.S. Dep. Agric., 1870 (1870), p. 76, fig. 31; ibid., 1871 (1871), p. 78, fig. 11.—ScuppER, Fin. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. (1871), pp. 250, 252.— Tuomas, Ann. Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1871), pp. 265, 281; ibid., V (1872), p. 451.—-DopGE, Can. Ent., LV (1872), p. 15.—Smiru, Rep. Conn. Bd. Agric., 1872 (1872), p. 366, fig. 9 —LEBaARON, Ann. Rep. Nox. Ins. II1., II (1872), p. 158.—GLovER, Ill. N. A. Ins., Orth. (1872), pl. vin, fig. 1, pl. x11, fig. 15; Rep. U. S. Dep. Agric., 1872 (1872), p. 121; ibid., 1873 (1873), pp. 125, 136, fig. 8. —THoMaAs, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 164.—GLOVER, Rep. U.S. Dep. Agric., 1874 (1874), p. 28.—THomas, Key Ill. Orth. (1874?), p. 3.— BETHUNE, Can. Ent., VI (1874), p. 185.—ScupDpDER, Daws. Rep. Geol. Rec. 49th par. (1875), p. 343.—RILEY, Ann. Rep. Ins. Mo., VII (1875), p. 121, figs. 23-25, v1 oe, 31, 32, maps.—DopGer, Can. Ent., VII (1875), p. 183.—BrETHUNE, Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1874 (1875), pp. 8, 30, figs. 31, 34; ibid., 1875 ey p. 45, fig.; Can. Ent., VIII (1876), p. 4.—PutNnam, Proc. Dav Acad. Nat. Se., I (1876), pp. 187, 265.—THomas, ibid., I (1876), pp. 260, 265.—CARPENTER, Field and For., I (1876), p. 81.—MerrrIck, ibid., IJ (1876), p. 64:—RILEy et al., Rocky Mt. Loc. (1876), pp. 37-58, figs. 1-4.— WHITMAN, Grasshopper (1876), pp. 1-17, 4 figs. —Dawson, Can. Nat., n.s., VIII (1876), pp. 119-134.—BrRroap- HEAD, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Se., II] (1876), pp. 345-349.—ScuppDER, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1876), p. 261; Psyche, I (1876), p. 144.—THomas, Bull. Ill. Mus. Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 68.—RILEY, Rep. Ins. Mo., VIII (1876), pp. 57-156, figs. 39a-e; ibid., IX (1877), pp. 57-124, figs. 18-22, map; Amer. Nat., XI (1877), p. 664.—ScUDDER, Ann. Rep. Geogr. Surv. W. 100th mer., 1876 (1877), p. 281 [Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876, p. 501].—BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144.—DonpaGr, Field and For., II (1877), p. 206.—UHLER, Bull. U.S Geol. Surv. Terr., III (1877), pp. 559, 798.—Brssxry, Bienn. Rep. Iowa Agric. Coll., VII (1877), p. 209.—THomas, Rep. Geogr. Surv. W. 100th mer., V (1877), p. 892.—PHILLIPS, Statist. Minn., 1876 (1877), p. 88-112.—WHITMAN, Rep. Rocky Mt. Loc., 1876 (1877), pp. 1-43, map.—THomas, Rep. Ent. Il1l., VI(1877), pp. 44-56.—Ritery, THOMAS, PackarD, Bull. U. 8. Ent. Comm., II (1877), pp. 1-15, 11 figs., map; ibid., 2d ed. (1877), pp. 1-14, 11 figs., map.—RILEY, Loe. Plague (1877), pp. 1-231, maps 1-3, figs. 2,3, 6-14.—Dawson, Can. Nat.., Nn. 8. Bees (1877), pp. 207-226; ibid,, VIII (1878), pp. 411-417.—Tuomas, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., I (1878), pp. 31-52, 114-1380, 334-350.—Packarpb, ibid., I GaN pp. 136-211.—RiLry, ibid., I (1878), pp. 212-257, 279-334, 350-437, 443-459,—RILEY, THOMAS, PACKARD, ibid., I (1878), pp. 10-16, 1-29, 1-294, pl. 1, maps 1-3.—THOMAS, Rep. Ent. Ill., VII (1878), pp. 35, 36-38, figs. 4, 6,8; Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., [V (1878), pp. 483, 485.—RILEy, Amer. Nat., XII (1878), p- 283.—PACKARD, ibid., XII (1878), p.516; ibid., XIII (1879), p.586.—Grrarp, Traité élém. d’ent., IT (1879), p. 248.—THomas, Amer. Ent., III (1880), p. 225.—CARPENTER, ibid., III (1880), p. 296.—BoOwLsEs, Can. Ent., XII (1880), pp. 131-133, tig. 19.—ABBE, Amer. Nat., XIV (1880), pp. 735-738.—THOoMas, Psyche, III (1880), p. 114; Rep. Ent. Il]., IX (1880), pp. 92, 96, 121-128, figs. 19-21.+-PackarkD, RILEY, Rep.U.S. Ent. Comm., IT (1881), pp. 1-14.—THoMas, ibid., II (1881), pp. 14-155.—Packarp, ibid., II (1881), pp. 156-163, 178-183, NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 185 223-242, fig. 9, pl. 1, figs. 9-15.—MINoT, ibid., II (1881), pp. 183-222, pls. -Vil.—RILEY, ibid., II (1881), pp. 259-322, pl. xv1; Can. Ent., XIIT (1881), p. 180.—Packarp, Amer. Nat., XV (1881), pp. 285-302, 372-379, pls. 11-1v, V, figs. i-3.—Hanrr, ibid., XV (1881), p. 749.—RILEY, ibid., XV (1881), pp. 1007, 1013.— Bow es, Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1880 (1881), pp. 28-29.—Packarp, Nat. Leis. Hour, V (1881), No. 4, pp. 4-10, figs.—LINTNER, Ins. Clover (1881), p. 5; Ann. Rep. Ins. N.Y., I (1882), p. 7, fig. 3a.—Mann, Psyche, III (1883), wp. 379-380.—RILEY, Bull. Div. Ent. U. 8. Dep. Agric., II (1883), p. 5.— Bruner, ibid., II (1883), pp. 7-22, 29.—PackARD, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1883), pp. 3-7, 263-273, 277-279, 346-347, pls. XVI-XIX, maps 1-2.—BRUNER, ibid., III (1883), pp. 8-54.—MarTEN, ibid., III, App. (1883), pp. 50-54. —SaunpgErs, Ins. Inj. Fruits (1883), p. 157, figs. 165, 166.—BruneEr, Bull. Div. Ent. U. 8. Dep. Agric., IV (1884), pp. 51-62.—RILEY, Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), pp. 195-201 figs. 274-281; Rep. U.S. Ent., 1884 (1885), p. 323.—BRUNER, ibid., 1884 (1885), pp. 398-399.—CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., X VITI (1886}, pp. 65, 67, figs. 19, 21.—RILEY, Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), pp. 228-229, pl. vii, figs. 6a-c.— HANSEN, Nordam. Vandregr. [Tidskr. pop. fremst. naturw.], (1886), pp. 1-32.—Cook, Beal’s Grasses N. A., I (1887), pp. 373, 396, 409, fig. 156.—CAuL- FIELD, Can. Rec. Sc., II (1887), pp. 399, 401; Can. Orth. (1887), pp. 11, 14.— RILEY, Ins. Life, I (1888), pp. 30-31.—Parsons, ibid., 1 (1889), p. 380.—WEED, Bull. Ohio Exp. St., Techn. Ser., I (1889), p.40.—LuGGER, Rep. Agric. Exp. St. Minn. (1889), pp. 339-345, figs. 5, 13, 15, 19-22; Bull. Agric. Exp. St. Minn., VIII (1889), pp. 305-349, figs. 1-4, pl. 1, map.—LINTNER, Rep. Ins. N. Y., VII » (1891), p. 338.—RILEY, Ins. Life, III (1891), pp. 183, 488; Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XXV (1891), pp. 9-26, figs. 1-3, map, pl. I, figs. 1-5.—OsBorn, Goss, Bull. Iowa Exp. St., XIV (1891), pp. 174-175.—Prercer, Ins. Life, IV (1891), p. 80.— RILEY, ibid., IV (1892), p. 323. Acridium spretis THOMAS, Trans. I1]. St. Agric. Soc., V (1865), p. 450. Pezotettix spretus Star, Bih. k. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V (1878), No. 9, p. 14.— Hunt, Misc. Ess. Econ. Ent. Ill. (1886), pp. 120-122, 126. Melanoplus spretus SCUDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 287; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p.46; Rep. U. 8S. Ent. Comm., II, App. (1881), p. 24.— 3RUNER, ibid., III (1883), p. 60.—Rixey, Ent. Amer., I (1885), p. 177.— FLETCHER, Rep. Ent. Can., 1885 (1885), pp. 9-10, fig. 1.—BrUNER, Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 1388; ibid., I (1886), p. 200; Rep. U.S. Ent., 1885 (1886), pp. 303-307.—CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71.— BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XIII (1887), pp. 9-17, 33.—Com- sTock, Intr. Ent. (1888), pp. 108-110, figs. 97a-f. BRUNER, Rep. St. Bd. Agric. Nebr., 1888 (1888), p. 88, figs. 1-3.—Ritry, Ins. Life, II (1889), p. 87.— BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. 8. Dep. Agric., XXII (1890), p. 104; ibid., XXIII (1891), p. 14; Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 192; Ins. Life, IIT (1891), p. 229; ibid., IV (1891), pp. 20-21; Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXII (1891), pp. 47-48; Rep. St. Bd. Agric. Nebr., 1891 (1891), pp. 243, 306-307, figs. 81-83.—McNEILL, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 73.—BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XX VII (1892), pp. 11-24.—OsBorn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sce., I, Pt. 11 (1892), p. 118.—KEL- LOGG, Inj. Ins. Kans. (1892), pp. 22-25, figs. 6a-d, 12a-f, 13a-f.—WeEBsTER, Bull. Ohio Agric. St. (2), XLY (1892), p. 205, fig. 29.—Brunk&r, Bull. Diy. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XXVIII (1893), pp.-27-29; ibid., XXX (1893), p.35; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p. 28; Rep. St. Bd. Agric. Nebr., 1893 (1893), pp. 459-460, figs. 99-101.—OsBorn, Ins. Life, VI (1893), pp. 80-81.—BRUNER, Rep. St. Hort. Soc. Nebr., 1894 (1894), pp. 163, 205, fie. 69; ibid., 1895 (1895), p. 69.— LINTNER, Rep. St. Mus. N. Y., XLVIII (1895), p. 441, fig. 18. Melanoplus spretus caeruleipes COCKERELL, Entom., XXII (1889), p. 127. Of large size, but of slender form, light griseo-fuscous, more or Jess cinereous, and often tinged to a greater or less degree with ferruginous. 186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Head somewhat prominent, light fusco-olivaceous, with a _ broad, piceous, postocular band, and above more or less infuscated or dulled in color, often with a pair of longitudinal fuscous stripes; vertex rather tumid, raised considerably above the level of the pronotum, the inter- space between the eyes half as broad again (male) or fully twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, rather deeply (male) or shallowly (female) suleate throughout; frontal costa moderately prominent, distinctly failing to reach the clypeus, slightly narrowed above, especially in the male, about as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly and broadly suleate at and below the ocellus, feebly punctate, above biseriately; eyes not very large nor very prominent, not more so in the male than in the female (unus- ual in Melanoplus), slightly shorter than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous, nearly two-thirds as long as the hind femora in both sexes, scarcely relatively shorter in the female than in the male. Pronotum very short, equal on the prozona, expanding somewhat on the metazona, light brownish fuscous, often ferruginous, the lateral lobes with a much broken and maculate postocular piceous or dark fuscous band confined to the prozona, the disk broadly convex, passing into the vertical lateral lobes by a rounded angle forming a blunt shoulder on the metazona and posterior section of the prozona only; median carina distinct and antero-posteriorly convex on the metazona, feeble and often subobsolete on the prozona; front margin« truncate, hind margin feebly obtusangulate, the angle sometimes rounded; pro- zona distinctly transverse, more so in the female than in the male, shorter (particularly in the female) than the finely and very feebly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, appressed, feebly conical, very blunt, erect, shorter in the female than in the male; inter- space between mesosternal lobes from half as long again to twice as long as broad (male) or quadrate (female). Tegmina exceptionally long, far surpassing the hind femora, not very narrow, subequal, brownish testaceous, heavily flecked with blackish fuscous, usually through the discoidal area but sometimes confined to the middle line; wings ample, hyaline, the veins mostly fuscous, but testaceous next the costal margin. Fore and middle femora only a little tumid in the male; hind femora testaceo-ferruginous clouded with fuscous above, particularly in broad basal, premedian and postmedian patches, the geniculation mostly blackish fuscous, the lower genicular lobe pallid testaceous with a basal blackish bar, the inferior surface, especially externally, flushed with roseate; hind tibiae bright red throughout, the spines black almost to the very base, ten to eleven, rarely twelve, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate triangular or subhastate, faintly compressed just beyond the middle, the margins feebly elevated on basal half, the apex subacutangulate, the median carina percurrent and rather deep, between rather high and sharp ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of slight, tapering and acuminate, flattened, more or less divergent spines, about No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SC UDDER. 187 a fourth as long as the supraanal plate; cerci forming nearly flat plates, about half as long again as broad, lying in a nearly uniform subver- tical plane, generally slightly curved or bent upward, the apical half slightly more compressed than the basal and narrowed by a consider- able oblique excision of the inferior margin, the tip broadly rounded or subtruncate; subgenital plate roundly subpyramidal, the apical mar- gin with moderate abruptness, somewhat elevated, thickened, and mesially notched distinctly. ‘ Length of body, male, 25mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male, 9 mm., female, 8.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 26.5 mm., feinale, 27.5 mm.; hind femora, male and female, 14 mm. Two hundred and seventy-six males, 439females. I refrainfrom giving in detail the localities from which I have seen specimens, both on account of their number and because, from the irregular distribution of the insect in different years, such details would have little value without dates, which are not always accessible; farther on, however, I give all that are of special interest. The name of this species is to be credited to Mr. P. R. Uhler, who placed it in his collection thirty or more years ago and communicated it to various persons, who used it. Sometimes in an incorrect form. The original specimens were received from Mr. Robert Kennicott, and were obtained by him from a migratory horde which settled in the then Red Raver settlements, now Winnipeg and vicinity, Manitoba. On Mr. Uhler’s generous transfer of his collection to me, these specimens, with their history, came into my possession, and I now have them with his original labels. One has been placed in the National Museum. It was thus known from the start as a migratory insect, and com- paring it with any species of the genus one would at once be struck with the greater length of the tegmina and wings. These were meas- ured by Riley; in forty-eight males the tegmina extended beyond the abdomen 5 to 10 mm., with an average of 7.6 mm.; in ninety-nine females they ranged from 3 to 10 mm. beyond the abdomen, the average 6.7 mm. Itis now well known as the ‘‘ Rocky Mountain Locust” or destructive locust of the States in the western half of the Mississippi Valley. It has been more written about than any other American Orthopteron, and Was specially discussed by the United States Entomological Commission, organized to devise methods of checking its ravages after a study of its natural history. It forms the almost exclusive subject of their first report, and occupies a considerable space in their second. Although a cousiderable body of the evidence adduced by them is contradictory and in part of doubtful application to this particular species, their con- clusions are in very large measure well founded. As appears from a study of their work and other available material, the following conclu- sions may be fairly drawn: (1) The home of the species is in favorable localities in the elevated region of the Rocky Mountains or immediately bordering it from the 188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. South Saskatchewan to Wyoming, inclusive, and in the Rocky Moun- tain region proper in Colorado and Utah. (2) In certain years, especially in dry seasons, between mid-July and' mid-September, migratory hordes of incredible numbers and of both sexes pass from their natural breeding grounds to the east, southeast, and south, conveyed by the winds (toward which they head) over a greater or less and sometimes a vast extent of country from Lake Win- nipeg to or almost to the Gulf of Mexico, rarely passing farther east than longitude 93°, and devastating the countries they reach to an alarming extent, Sometimes in places absolutely destroying all standing crops and defoliating fruit trees. (3) As they rise for flight from home only in dry clear weather (when the prevailing winds are from the north or northwest), they do not seri- ously invade the regions (mostly infertile) to the west of their home. (4) The invaders extend or may extend their flights to a distance ofi at least 500 miles from their point of origin, but there is no clear evi- dence to show that (as claimed by the Commission) they extend it to double that distance. (5) They deposit their eggs throughout the invaded territory, but their descendants therein of the succeeding year not only do not effect a tithe of the damage of the preceding year (although on the ground earlier), but when winged move about in swarms from place to place, their prevailing direction—at least during the earlier part of the sea- son—being the reverse of that of their parents; but even when they alight and cover the ground they are far less harmful than were their invading parents. (6) With few exceptions, movements on the wing are with or nearly with the wind, and are usually made in clear weather between 9 a. m. and 4 p. m., but they are sometimes certainly made at night. (7) Relatively speaking, exceedingly few of the returning swarms ever reach the true home of the species. As a rule, they show signs of enfeeblement and deposit few eggs in the invaded region, so that their descendants on the invaded soil grow less and Jess numerous, and, in eiiect if not in fact, die out in the course of a very few, probably at most two or three, years. Tecan add almost nothing to the facts given by the Entomological Commission. It may be worth while to state that in 1877 I took or noted this insect at the following points: July 11, between Idaho and Georgetown, Colorado, common, both mature and immature; July 12-13, Georgetown, Colorado, from 8,500 feet to above timber, mature and immature; July 16, Argentine Pass, Colorado, 15,000 feet, in abundance, from young just hatched to imagos, and masses of dead imagos under stones on the mountain crests; July 20, Laramie, Wyoming; July 21-31, Green River, Wyoming, plenty but not abundant and mostly mature; Alkali Station, north of Green River, Wyoming, 6,000 feet; August 1-4, Salt Lake Valley, mostly mature, very plenty every vhere NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 189 but particularly in the southern end of the valley; August 2-3, Amer- ican Fork Canyon, Utah, 9,500 feet; August 6, Evanston, Wyoming, 6,800 feet, plenty; August 11-16, South Park, Colorado, 8,000 to 10,000 feet, everywhere, mature; August 13, Mount Lincoln, Colorado, 11,000 to 15,000 feet, crowds of nymphs and imagos, as well as masses of dead imagos under stones at summit; August 17-22, Florissant, Colorado, 8,000 feet; August 24, Pikes Peak, Colorado, 12,000 to 13,000 feet; August 24-25, Manitou, Colorado, 6,300 feet; August 26, Colorado Springs, Colorado, plenty; August 28-29, Garland, Colorado, 8,000 feet, plenty; August 29, Sierra Blanca, Colorado, below 10,000 feet, none seen above timber; August 30-31, Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700 feet, plenty; August 31, Animas, Colorado; September 1, Lakin, Kansas, plenty. I have also seen specimens from the following localities, which have some special interest: Fort Hayes, Kansas, collected by J. A. Allen in June, 15871 (not heretofore reported in Kansas in this year); Preston, Texas, Captain Pope, May 15, 1854 (necessarily the progeny of an invad- ing flight in a previous year, and none are recorded either in Texas or Arkansas between 1850 and 1853, inclusive); Ringgold Barracks, on the Lower Rio Grande, A. Schott, presumably also in the spring of 1854, when the Mexican Boundary Commission was at work there; Sonora, Mexico, A. Schott, and San Lorenzo, Chihuahua, Mexico, E. Palmer, showing that it reaches Mexico, and that too even as far west as Sonora. I have also a single specimen from California from Mr. H. Edwards, but it may have been taken in that part of the State east of the Sierra Nevada. A tabular view of *‘ locust years” for the different States will be found in the first report of the Commission, page 113. This insect is normally single brooded; the eggs winter and the earliest (those in warm exposures) hatch in Texas from the middle to the last of March, and ‘ continue to hatch most numerously about four days later with each degree of latitude north,” so that in Montana and Manitoba it is from the middle of May to the first of June. This is in the temporary region; probably it is correspondingly later on the higher levels of the permanent breeding grounds. The young reach maturity in sixty to seventy-two days, to judge from those reared in confine- ment, and after a few days couple, the female beginning to lay eggs in about a fortnight thereafter. The eggs are laid in almost any kind of soil, but by preference in bare, sandy places, and in their permanent home they show a preference for the shaded base of shrubby plants; they are laid in a sort of pod, with a quadrilinear arrangement therein. Several pods may be laid by a single female, Mr. Riley having on three different occasions obtained two pods from single females in con- finement, laid at intervals of eighteen, twenty-one, and twenty-six days, respectively. The migratory instinct appears to be strongest within about three weeks from the time of attaining maturity, or shortly before and during 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. the season of oviposition, The return flights in the ‘‘ temporary region” begin from the 5th to the 10th of May in latitude 35°, and about four days later with each degree farther north. Mr. Riley, from whose accounts these statements are drawn, gives a long list of plants and trees attacked by this locust and its preferences among them. ! 7. DEVASTATOR SERIES. This group is composed of very closely related species, often difficult to distinguish, in which the male prozona is quadrate or subquadrate, and the immature markings on the lateral lobes of the pronotum, char- acteristic of the young of Melanoplus, occasionally persist in the adult and especially in the female; the interspace between the mesosternal lobes of the male is always longer than broad, varying from a little more than half as long again to a little more than twice as long as broad. The tegmina are always fully developed and generally maculate; the hind tibiae are variable in color, often within the species, and have from nine to thirteen spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate is similar to that of the femur-rubrum series, but less constricted in the middle and shorter; the furcula consists of a pair of parallel or subparallel, tapering, tolerably long, generally flattened, acuminate fingers; the cerci are very simple, rather small, not reaching the tip of the supraanal plate, slender and subequal, tapering feebly in the basal half, equal beyond, bluntly rounded at tip, and a little incurved, generally slightly suleate or dimpled apically on the outer side; the subgenital plate is broad, of subequal breadth, but slightly broader at base than at tip, apically elevated and the apical margin well rounded, thickened, and weakly notched. The insects are of small or medium size, and the species, eight in number, are separable with difficulty. They are confined almost exclusively to California, a single one of them only occurring also a little beyond its boundaries in the neighboring regions. It is the char- acteristic group of the Pacific coast. 28. MELANOPLUS DIMINUTUS, new species. (Plate XII, fic. 9.) Dark brownish fuscous with a ferruginous tinge. Head somewhat prominent, brownish testaceous, more or less, generally profusely, dot- ted with fuscous, and a fuscous band behind the eyes; vertex rather tumid, somewhat elevated above the pronotum; interspace between the eyes not very broad, equal to (male) or slightly broader than (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, deeply sulcate throughout; frontal costa fading out halfway between the ocellus and clypeus, distinctly contracted above, equal elsewhere and broader than (male) or as broad as (female) the interspace between the eyes, scarcely suleate but with prominent margins, seriately punctate at the sides; 1 First report of the Entomological Commission, pages 251-252. ou te No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 191 eyes large, prominent, especially in the male, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae, broadly convex anteriorly; antennae about a half (male) or two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora, dull castaneous. Pronotum feebly constricted in the middle, enlarg- ing almost as much in front as behind, the front border truncate, the hind border somewhat obtusangulate, fusco-castaneous, profusely and rather coarsely punctate with fuscous above, the lateral lobes with a maculate piceous band on the upper part of the prozona, often divided obliquely, especially in the female, by a dull luteous stripe; median carina percurrent, sometimes feebler on the prozona and often subob- solete between the sulci, the disk passing by a rounded shoulder, more distinct on the metazona than on the prozona, into the slightly tumid lateral lobes; prozona quadrate (male) or feebly transverse (female), scarcely longer than the feebly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine not very long and moderately slender (male) or short and stout (female), appressed conical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes about half as long again as broad (male) or slightly longer than broad (female). Tegmina reaching the tips of the hind femora (male) or a little shorter than that, shorter than the abdomen (female), not very slender, tapering and narrowly rounded at tip, distinctly maculate in the discoidal area, especially in the female, brownish fuscous; wings moderately broad, pellucid, with glauco-fuscous veins. Hind femora dark testaceous with basal patch and oblique premedian and postme- dian bars of blackish fuscous, dull red beneath, the genicular are black, the lower genicular lobe pallid marked with fuscous; hind tibiae sordid glaucous, dull lutescent apically and basally, occasionally pale red, the spines black except at base, ten to eleven, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, a little elongate, well rounded, considerably upturned, the supraanal plate triangular with subrectangulate apex, the lateral margins basally rounded, broadly upturned, the percurrent median sulcus a mere slit between rather high compressed walls, with a pair of pronounced ter- minal ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of rather slender, depressed, tapering, acuminate, parallel fingers, reaching nearly to the middle of the supraanal plate; cerci small, slender, nearly straight and nearly egual, but basally tapering and apically a little inbent, rather stout, well rounded at apex, and with the inbent portion deeply dimpled exteriorly; subgenital plate rather broad, rather short, considerably and abruptly elevated apically, but not prolonged posteriorly, the apical margin subtruncate, distinctly notched. Length of body, male 16 mm., female 17 mm.; antennae, male 6.25 mm., female 5 mm.; tegmina, male 12.5 mm., female 11 mm.; hind femora, male 9.5 mm., female 10 min. Five males, 9 females. San Francisco, California, November (U.S. N.M.—Riley collection); Marin County, California, August 8 (same); Monterey, California, October 19, next the seashore. This is one of the smallest species of Melanoplus. 192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 2g. MELANOPLUS CONSANGUINEUS, new species. (Plate XII, fig. 10.) Dark ferrugineo-fuscous. Head slightly prominent, very dark tes- taceous, heavily infuscated above and sometimes flecked with fuscous on face and genae, a piceous band behind the eyes; vertex rather tumid, well raised above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather narrow, about as wide as (male) or a little wider than (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, broadly and rather deeply suleate; frontal costa equal (female) or narrowed above (male), at its broadest considerably (male) or somewhat (female) broader than the interspace between the eyes, fading below, slightly suleate at and below the ocellus, seriately punctate on the sides; eyes as in VW. diminutus; antennae dark castaneous, less than two-thirds as jong as the hind femora, of about equal relative length in the two sexes. Pronotum subequal, enlarging a little on the metazona and feebly in front; front margin truncate, hind margin obtusangulate, the lateral lobes with a broad piceous belt across the prozona above, below which they are lighter than the disk; median carina distinct on the metazona, feeble on the prozona, and nearly obsolete between the sulci; lateral carinae marked only by a rounded shoulder more distinct on the meta- zona than on the prozona; prozona subquadrate, scarcely longer than the finely and not sharply punctate metazona. Prosternal spine erect and rather long, conico-eylindrical (male) or rather short, appressed conical (female); interspace between mesosternal lobes about half as long again as broad (male), or only a little longer than broad (female). Tegmina nearly reaching (male) or slightly surpassing (female) the tip of the hind femora, rather slender, tapering, strongly rounded apically, dark fuscous with tolerably distinct maculation in the discoidal area; wings not very broad, hyaline, with glauco-fuscous veins. Hind femora duli testaceous, marked as in JW. diminutus, the hind tibiae glaucous, the spines pallid at base, black at tip, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, well upturned, the supraanal plate triangular, the lateral margins broadly elevated and at base well rounded, the median sulcus narrow and, except apically, deep, its bounding walls rather high and abrupt; fureula consisting of a pair of depressed, rather slender, tapering, acuminate, slightly divergent fingers, falling somewhat short of the middle of the supraana] plate; cerci small and slender, about four times as long as broad, nearly straight but gently incurved throughout, broadly rounded apically, subequal but tapering slightly on basal half, the apical third deeply suleate exteriorly, the whole considerably shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate moderately broad and short, the lateral margins somewhat abruptly and moderately elevated apically, but not pro- longed posteriorly, the apical margin narrowly subtruncate and feebly emarginate. NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 193 Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male 6.25 mm., female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 11.5 mm.. female, 16 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 11.5 mm. One male, 1 female. Sacramento County, California (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection). This species is closely related to the last, and with larger material may possibly prove the same. 30. MELANOPLUS SIERRANUS, new species. (Plate XIII, fig. 1.) Dark brownish fuscous, lighter beneath. Head fusco-olivaceous, punctate with fuscous, ferrugineo-testaceous above, with a postocular black stripe and the margins of the fastigium more or less marked with black; vertex very gently tumid, hardly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes slightly wider than (male) or nearly twice as wide as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium strongly declivent, heavily (male) or broadly and rather shallowly (female) sul- cate; frontal costa subequal, feebly broader than the interspace between the eyes, percurrent, sulcate at and a little below the ocellus, some- times to the base in the male, seriately punctate laterally in black or fuscous; eyes moderately large, somewhat prominent in the male, dis- tinctly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae rufo- testaceous (male) or ferruginous (female), about four-fifths (male) or three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, scarcely enlarging posteriorly, the disk nearly plane but feebly convex, passing by a well-rounded angle into the slightly tumid but vertical lateral lobes, the median carina distinct and sharp on the metazona, subobsolete on the prozona, the disk ferrugineo-testaceous, punctate with fuscous, especially in the female, the lateral lobes luteo-testaceous with a broad piceous band on the upper part of the prozona, in the female not infrequently broken in the middle by an oblique luteous stripe, and followed below on the posterior section of the prozona by a luteous patch; front border scarcely convex, hind border obtusangu- late, the angle well rounded in the female; prozona quadrate or feebly longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), slightly longer than the meta- zona. Prosternal spine feebly conical (male) or appressed conical (female), moderately long, rather slight, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully twice as long as broad (male) or less than half aS long again as broad (female). Tegmina reaching, occasionally slightly surpassing, the hind femora, moderately slender, feebly taper- ing, dark brownish fuscous, the discoidal area very feebly (male) or distinctly (female) maculate; wings moderately broad, hyaline, the veins and eross veins, except in the lower half of the anal area, blackish fuscous with a glaucous tinge. Hind femora fusco-ferruginous, the Proc. N. M. vol. xx ——13 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. outer face largely blackish fuscous, mesially interrupted narrowly with a very oblique luteo-testaceous cloud, giving it a broadly and very obliquely bifasciate appearance, intensified by the bifasciation of the upper surface and upper portion of the inner face; beneath luteo-rufes- cent or pale carmine; hind tibiae bright red, or less frequently greenish glaucous, with a subpatellar fuscous spot, the spines black except at base, ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen feebly clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal plate trian- gular, acutangulate at tip, the sides full at base, throughout tilted upward, the median sulcus percurrent, deep, rather broad, the sharply tectate walls fading apically; furcula consisting of a pair of slight and delicate, divergent, acuminate fingers, not depressed, rarely reaching a third way across the supraanal plate; cerci rather small, hardly more than three times as long as broad, tapering gently in the basal half, beyond equal, and this portion bent a little inward and feebly sulcate externally, the apex well rounded; subgenital plate rather small, broad at base, apically as broad as long, the apical margin abruptly and slightly elevated but not prolonged, a little compressed and notched. Length of body, male, 19.5 mm., female, 19 mm.; antennae, male, 8 mm., female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male, 13.5 mm., female, 12.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 10.5 mm. Twenty-eight males, 23 females. Mountains near Lake Tahoe, Placer County, California, September, October, Henshaw, Wheeler’s Expe- dition, 1876; Placer County, California, September (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Truckee, Nevada County, California, October 10. 31. MELANOPLUS ATER, new species. (Plate XIII, fig. 2. Very dark brownish fuscous with a feeble ferruginous tinge. Head not prominent, dull fusco-olivaceous, delicately blotched with fuscous, above wholly fuscous, with a broad, piceous, postocular band; vertex gently tumid, feebly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes slightly (male) or considerably (female) broader than the first antennal joint; fastigium very declivent, rather (female) or very (male) suleate throughout; frontal costa hardly percurrent, espe- cially in the male, a little contracted above, below broader than (male) or fully as broad as (female) the interspace between the eyes, shallowly suleate at and, in the male, below the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes moderately large, not very prominent, distinctly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antemnae rufo-testaceous, in the male about two-thirds as long as the hind femora. Pronotum rather short, feebly expanding posteriorly, the lower part of the lateral lobes more or less tinged with Iuteous, the upper half of the prozona with an obscure fusco-piceous or fuscous band, the disk nearly plane but slightly tectate on the prozona, the median carina percurrent but No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 195 feebler on the prozona than on the metazona and more or less obsolete between the sulci, the disk passing into the lateral lobes by a well. rounded angle, becoming a tolerably distinct lateral carina on the metazona, the front margin subtruncate, the hind margin obtusangu- late; prozona quadrate (male) or slightly transverse (female), scarcely if any longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, erect, conico-cylindrical, feebly (male) or considerably (female) appressed, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes somewhat less than twice as long as broad (male) or feebly transverse (female). Tegmina dark brownish fuscous, almost equally opaque throughout, with distinct maculation in the discoidal field, reaching (male) or fall- ing somewhat short of (female) the tips of the hind femora, not very slender, distinctly tapering, well rounded apically. Hind femora fusco- testaceous, rather obscurely and broadly fasciate with blackish fuscous, the inferior face ferruginous; hind tibiae obscure pale green, with an obscure fuscous basal annulus and often more or less flecked with fus- cous, the spines black or brown with pallid base, ten to eleven in nun- ber in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, somewhat upturned, the supraanal plate somewhat long triangular, with slightly convex and gently elevated lateral margins, a slightly produced acutangulate apex (its production not shown in the figure), a rather slender, not very deep, percurrent, median sulcus, with sharp but not high walls, and a pair of parallel, slight, short, apical ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of subparallel, flattened, tapering, acuminate fin. gers reaching nearly to the middle of the supraanal plate; cerci small and slender, subequal but mesially contracted laminae, nearly four times as long as broad, very faintly upcurved, apically a trifle incurved and well rounded, the external face distinctly punctate and apically feebly dimpled, with a very slight inward directed flange from the lower margin apically, the whole falling far short of the tip of the supraanal plate; infracercal plates rather broad and sulcate, but con- cealed by the recumbent cerci except apically, as they are a little larger than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, longer than broad, the apical margin transverse, somewhat elevated but not prolonged, thickened and distinetly notched. Length of body, male, 18.75 mm., female, 19.5 mm.; antennae, male, 7mm; tegmina, male, 14.5 mm., female 13 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 12 mm. Two males,3 females. San Francisco, California, October. November (L. Bruner; S. H. Scudder). This species is very closely related to the last, and with larger material may prove to be the same; but the anal cerci are faintly larger apically than mesially in the present form, while in J. sierranus they retain apically their mesial narrowness. 196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 32. MELANOPLUS DEVASTATOR. (Plate XIII, figs. 3-7.) Melanoplus devastator SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp. 285-286, 287-288; (pars), Entom. notes, VI (1878), pp. 46-47, 48-49; ‘pars), Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., II (1880), App., p. 24, pl. xvit, figs. 2, 3, 19, 20.-— ? BRUNER, ibid., III (1883), p.60;? Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., II, (1883), p. 11;? ibid., IV (1884), p. 58; (pars), Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 138.— Rirey, Ent. Amer., I (1885), p. 177; Rep. U.S. Ent., 1885 (1886), pp. 229-232, pl. vin, figs. 1-5 a-c.—COQUILLETT, ibid., 1885 (1886), pp. 291-295, 297.— 2? BRUNER, ibid., 1885 (1886), pp. 306, 307.—CoQuimILLETT, Ins. Life, I (1889), p. 227.—? Ritey, ibid., II, (1889), p. 27.—BRUNER, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 193; Ins. Life, IV (1891), p. 21; Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXIT (1891), p. 48.— CoQguiILLETT, Ins. Life, V (1892), pp. 22-23; Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XXVII (1892), pp. 35-57.—BRUNER, ibid., XXVIII (1893), pp. 22-24, figs. 10 a-d, 11 a-c; Rep. Nebr. St. Bd. Agric., 1893 (1893), p. 460, fig. 102; Rep. St. Hort. Soc. Nebr., 1894 (1894), pp. 163, 205, fig. 70; ibid., 1895 (1895), p. 69. Melanoplus afinis COQUILLETT!, Ins, Life, I (1889), p. 227. Caloptenus devastator R1LKy, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XXV (1891), pp. 28- 30, figs. 6 a-d, 7 a~-c.— MILLIKEN, Ins. Life, VI (1893), p. 19. Varying from dark brownish fuscous to ferrugineo-testaceous. Head feebly prominent, more or less livid testaceous, above darker, sometimes completely blackish fuscous, sometimes blackish fuscous in a median posterior stripe, and always with a fuscous or blackish postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, especially in the male, raised well above the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes moderate, fully as broad as (male) or much broader than (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium strongly declivent, deeply (male) or shallowly (female) suleate throughout; frontal costa percurrent, rather broad, broader than (male) or as broad as (female) the interspace between the eyes, subequal but a little contracted at its upper extremity, feebly sulcate about the ocellus, punctate throughout, but especially laterally; eyes pretty large, not very prominent even in the male, distinctly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae about two-thirds (male) or but little more than half (female) as long as the hind femora, varying from luteous to ferruginous, often a little infuscated, especially apically. Pronotum feebly enlarging posteriorly, faintly constricted mesially, the lateral lobes a little lighter colored than the disk, except for the broad piceous band above, which extends across the prozona, occasionally a little broken; front margin faintly convex, hind margin a little obtus- angulate, the median carina distinct on the metazona only, subobsolete between the sulci; lateral carinae feebly indicated in the abrupt but rounded angle by which the disk passes into the lateral lobes; prozona quadrate or longitudinally subquadrate in both sexes, but little or no longer than the faintly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine not very long, moderately stout, cylindrical, blunt, erect, a little shorter and a little appressed in the female; interspace between mesosternal lobes much more than twice (male) or slighty (female) longer than No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 197 broad. Tegminaa little surpassing the hind femora, at least in the male, only moderately slender, tapering a little, well rounded apically, fus- cous, generally very dark fuscous, the discoidal area maculate in a very variable degree, from a feeble indication only (in which case the whole surface of the tegmina is generally exceptionally dark) to a heavy and coarse or a pronounced, rather delicate and distant flecking; wings mod- erately broad, hyaline, with fuscous veins and cross veins more or less tinged with glaucous, and becoming wholly glaucous in the anal area. Hind femora dull testaceous, very obliquely and broadly bifasciate with blackish fuscous and with a basal patch of the same on the outer and upper faces, the lower face and lower half of the inner face red or reddish; hind tibiae either dark glaucous, or red, or luteo-glaucous, often more or less infuscated in threads basally, generally deepening there in color, and when deepest often with a marrow, pale, subbasal annulus; the spines black, except their pallid base, ten to eleven, rarely twelve, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen oblong clavate, considerably upturned, the supraanal plate triangular, with subrectangulate apex, convex and broadly upturned lateral mar- gins, a deep and narrow, percurrent, median sulcus, bounded by high walls, and a pair of slight and short apical ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of parallel, flattened, rather slight, tapering, acuminate fingers, hardly reaching a third way across the supraanal plate; cerci small, slender, subequal but feebly tapering in basal half, very feebly up- curved and as feebly incurved, about four times as long as broad, the apical third or less externally excavate, the tip well rounded, the whole much shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate moderately broad at base, longer than broad, the apical margin considerably and rather abruptly elevated, but not prolonged, and slightly notched mesially. Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 7.75 mm., female, 6.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 16.5 mm., female, 16 mm.; hind femora, male, 11.75 mm., female, 12 mm. EKighty-two males, 58 females. Wenas, Yakima County, Washington (Museum Comparative Zoology); California (L. Bruner); California, H. Edwards; California, Ricksecker (S. Henshaw); Siskiyou County, Calli- fornia (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Sissons, Siskiyou County, Cali- fornia, Packard; Fort Redding, Shasta County, California, Lieutenant Williamson; Tehama County, California (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Lakeport, Lake County, California, Crotch; Sierra Valley, Sierra County, California, Lemmon, August (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Placer County, California, August, September (same); Colfax, Placer County, California, October 11; Clarkson, Eldorado County, California, July 14 (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Calaveras County, California (same); Marble Valley and White Rock, Amador County, California, July 14, 15 (same); Sacramento County, Coquillett (same); Folsom, Sacramento County, California, July 3 (same); Natoma, Sacramento 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. County, July 2 (same); Marin County, California, August (same); Sauzalito, Marin County, California, Behrens; San Francisco, California, September, October 15, November (U.S.N.M.—Rhiley collection; S. H. Seudder; Museum Comparative Zoology); Alameda, California, Decem- ber 15 (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Merced County, California (same) ; Atwater, Merced County, California, July 29, Coquillett (same); Los Angeles, California, June, August, in coitu September 20, Coquillett, October 24 (same; S. H. Scudder); Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California, October 23; Tighes, San Diego County, California, Palmer; Southern California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection). The species has also been reported from various other counties in California, mostly in the central portions of the State, such as Fresno, Yuba, Napa (Riley), Sutter, San Joaquin (Coquillett), and Lake Tahoe, Placer County (Scudder), as well as from districts immediately adjoin- ing California, as the adjacent parts of Oregon (Bruner), Reno, Washoe County, and Glen Brook, Douglas County, Nevada (Scudder), and Ari- zona (Bruner). : It has also been stated to occur in Colorado (Scudder), Kansas, North Dakota, northwest Wyoming, and Montana (Bruner), Idaho (Bruner, Milliken), and in Utah in the Salt Lake Valley (Scudder) and Nephi, Juab County (Riley); but certainly in some, and probably in all these cases, the insect reported was mistakenly supposed to be this species. Coquillett describes a dipterous parasite, Sarcophaga opifera, as found in this species, and gives in the Twenty-seventh Bulletin of the Ento- mological Bureau at Washington a full account of the ravages of this locust in California, where they appear to do most damage to vineyards and to deciduous fruit trees, the latter of which always suffer the most in the vicinity of grain fields, upon which the migrating swarms appear always to descend, attracted, perhaps, by their color. Grain, however, appears to suffer relatively little at their hands, though alfalfa proves attractive. A description of the colors of the living young, by Mr. Coquillett, will be found in the report of the United States Entomologist for 1885, page 293. The species is an exceedingly variable one, and with limited material it would be difficult to believe that there was but a single species, so widely different is the appearance of the extremes. This, I suspect, will prove partly dependent upon station, though the different forms into which I would provisionally separate the species appear to be found indifferently in almost all parts of the State, though, as far as the collections before me show, all appear to be more abundant in the cen- tral and northern portions. There is first the dark and rather small form, which is prevalent about San Francisco, and which may be ealled JL. d. obscurus (Plate NIT, figs. 3, 4). It is also found in Sierra, Placer, Marin, Sacramento, Eldorado, and Alameda counties, as well as in Siskiyou County, in the No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MWELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 199 north, and Los Angeles County, in the south. The typical forms are very dark, having tegmina surpassing but little the hind femora, with meager maculation of the discoidal area, rarely at all cinereous in the basal half; the hind tibiae are variable in color. A second form, which appears to be the widest spread, occurring in nearly every county in which the species has been found, from Shasta to San Diego and from Marin to Sierra, is of a decidedly cinereous aspect, with abundant and generally rather confused maculation in the discoidal area of the tegmina, which usually much surpass the hind femora; the hind tibiae are variable, but rarely glaucous. This form best represents the original types of the species when first described, and being also the most common may bear the name J/. d. typicalis (Plate XIII, fig. 5). It is of medium size. The third form is also of medium size and is very closely related to the last, and often hardly distinguishable. It may be called J. d. afinis! (Plate XIII, fig. 6). It differs principally by its shorter teg- mina, which rarely surpass the hind femora, and which are very sharply maculate, with well-defined spots, and the hind tibiae are usually glau- cous, occasionally luteous. I have seen specimens from Sierra, Sacra- mento, and Los Angeles counties. The fourth form is by far the largest and the most heavily marked of all, besides being of a rather light tint, in which the dark maculations appear with the greater distinctness, and it may accordingly be known as I. d. conspicuus (Plate XIII, fig. 7). It appears much like an exag- gerated form of the last-mentioned type, and has a more prominent head, much longer tegmina, which well surpass the hind femora, and ample wings, so that I suspect the migrating flights will be found to be composed mainly or exclusively of this form; the pronotum is unusuaily clear of lateral markings, and the hind tibiae are pale glaucous. It has not been found south of the center of the State (nor have any migratory hordes been reported there), and indeed only in the central portions and the elevated districts, namely, in Sacramento, Eldorado, Amador, and Merced counties. 33. MELANOPLUS VIRGATUS, new species. (Plate XII, fig. 8.) Melanoplus devastator SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp. 285-286, 287-288; (pars), Entom. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 46-47, 48-49. Pezotettix virgatus MCNEILL!, MS. Light testaceo-fuscous, more or less ferruginous above. Head mod- erately large and rather prominent luteo-testaceous, clouded with fuscous, above much infuscated, especially along the middle line pos- teriorly, and with a postocular piceous band sharply delimited below ' The form supposed by Coquillett (see synonymy) to be Bruner’s MW. affinis is not this, but If. d. typicalis. 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. by luteous; vertex rather tumid, considerably elevated above the pro- notum, the interspace between the eyes fully as broad as (male) or considerably broader than (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, rather shallowly sulcate even in the male; frontal costa hardly reaching the clypeus, slightly narrowed above to meet the fastigium, otherwise subequal, broad, slightly broader than the interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate or depressed at the ocellus, punctate, seriately at the sides above; eyes moderately large, not very prominent, distinctly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous, apically becoming slightly ferruginous or fuscous, more than two-thirds (male) or about three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum very feebly flaring anteriorly to receive the head, somewhat enlarging posteriorly, the disk passing by a blunt angle into the lateral lobes, the former brownish fuscous, more or less distinctly ferruginous, the latter passing from luteo-testaceous below to fuscous above, the prozona with a broad piceous band which is obliquely cut by a distinct, posteriorly narrowing, sometimes feebly arcuate, luteous stripe, which connects with the luteous field just below the postocular band of the head, a feature more prominent in the female than in the male; median carina percurrent, often black, hardly less distinct on the prozona than on the metazona; front margin feebly convex, often with a slight median emargination; hind margin obtus- angulate, often nearly rectangulate; prozona slightly longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), distinctly (male) or hardly (female) longer than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, cylindrical, feebly appressed, very blunt (male) or short, conical, appressed, blunt (female), erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes more than twice (male) or only a little (female) longer than broad. Tegmina surpassing more or less, generally considerably, the hind femora, moderately slender, distinctly tapering, brownish fuscous, with distinct quadrate black maculation in the discoidal area. Hind femora testaceous, sometimes tinged with ferruginous, broadly and obliquely bifasciate with blackish fuscous, with a basal patch of the same, the under surface Inteous, sometimes faintly flushed with orange; hind tibiae very pale green, becoming more or less pallid or luteous at either extremity, the spines black, except basally, nine to twelve, usually ten to eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen elongate-clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal plate long triangular, with lateral margins full at the base and scarcely elevated, acutangulate apex, and slender, rather shallow, median sulcus, bounded by rather slight but distinct walls; furcula consisting of a pair of slender, flattened, parallel fingers, subequal in basal half. beyond much narrowed and acuminate, reaching almost to the middle of the supraanal plate; cerci slender, slight, tapering feebly in basal half, about four times as long as broad, apically well rounded, very feebly incurved, hardly upeurved, the outer surface punctate and No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 201 apically dimpled, with a slight, inferior, indirected flange to the lower margin apically, the whole much shorter than the supraanal plate; infracereal plates extending noticeably beyond the supraanal plate and so exposed beyond the tips of the cerci to a considerable degree; sub- genital plate longer than broad, broad and rectangulate at base, apic- ally elevated but not prolonged, the apical border thickened and emarginate. Length of body, male, 20.5 mm., female 22.5 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5 mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 17 mm., female, 17.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 13 mm. Eleven males, 12 females. California, H. Edwards; Siskiyou County, California, July (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Fort Redding, Shasta County, California, Lieutenant Williamson; Butte County, California (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Sierra Valley, Sierra County, California, J.G. Lemmon (same); Sacramento County, California, Coquillett (same; J. McNeill). 34. MELANOPLUS UNIFORMIS, new species. (Plate XIII, fig. 9.) Melanoplus devastator SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp. 285-286, 287-288; (pars), Entom. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 46-47, 48-49, wight and nearly uniform testaceous, more or less feebly tinged above with ferruginous. Head somewhat prominent, particularly in the male, pallid testaceous, darker above, with occasionally a feeble postocular fuscous line at the upper limit of the normal Melanuplan postocular band; vertex tumid, well elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, half as broad again (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium strongly declivent, sulcate throughout, more deeply and narrowly in the male than in the female; frontal costa broad, subequal, scarcely attaining the clypeus, fully as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly impressed about the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes large, rather prominent, much larger than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous, grow- ing slightly fulvous apically, nearly two-thirds (male) or scarcely more than half (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum feebly enlarged posteriorly, the lateral lobes slightly paler than the disk, and rarely with a few faint duskier streaks in the place of the postocular band, the disk passing into the lateral lobes by a rounded shoulder, which almost develops into a lateral carina on the metazona; median carina slight, pereurrent, only slightly feebler on the prozona than on the meta- zona; front margin subtrunecate, hind margin obtusangulate; prozona quadrate (male) or slightly transverse (female), scarcely or not longer than the closely and finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine not very long, conico-cylindrical, appressed, blunt, blunter in the female than in the male, slightly retrorse; interspace between mesosternal 202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. lobes nearly or quite twice as long as broad in both sexes. Tegmina uniform light yellowish testaceous, with no sign of maculation, although rarely a little beclouded, reaching somewhat, generally far, beyond the hind femora, rather slender, feebly tapering, well rounded at tip; wings pellucid, the veins and cross-veins sometimes wholly green, sometimes partly fuscous. Hind femora testaceous, generally feebly infuscated in the incisures of the outer face above, the inner half of the upper face often bimaculate with fuscous, the under surface with a tendency to become roseate, the genicular are black; hind tibiae very pale dingy ereen, growing lutescent apically, the spines black with pallid base, ten to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal plate subclyp- eate, with sinuate sides and rectangulate apex, with a short, shallow, median suleus and feebly elevated sides, the whole surface nearly plane; furcula consisting of a pair of moderately broad, flattened, tapering, acuminate fingers, parallel or slightly divergent, reaching about to the middle of the supraanal plate; cerci slender, subequal but basally tapering, feebly incurved laminae, about five times as long as broad, feebly arcuate and apically well rounded, with a slight, inferior, indirected Hange to the lower margin apically, the whole much shorter than the supraanal plate; infracercal plates as in the last species; sub- genital plate about as broad as long, the lateral margin arcuate, being produced both basally and apically, but especially the latter, the apical margin rounded subquadrate, very feebly or not at all emarginate, though thickened on either side of the middle. Length of body, male, 25 mm., female, 22.75 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5 mm., female, 6.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 21.5 mm., female, 18.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.25 mm., female, 12 mm. Nine males, 8 females. Fort Redding, Shasta County, California, Lieutenant Williamson; Yuba County, California (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Sacramento County, California, Coquillett (same); Folsom, Sacramento County, California, July 4 (same); Merced County, Cali- fornia (Same). 35. MELANOPLUS ANGELICUS, new species. (Plate XII, fig. 10.) Of rather large size, dark brownish fuscous, more or less ferruginous. Head not very prominent, plumbeous or ferruginous, more or less infus- cated, above hardly darker but perhaps with more fuscous patches, a postocular piceous band; vertex gently tumid, but little elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, somewhat broader than the first antennal joint; fastigium strongly declivent, deeply sulcate throughout; frontal costa broad, feebly constricted above, percurrent, slightly broader than the interspace between the eyes, gently sulcate at and below the ocellus, punctate above seriately No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 203 at the sides; eyes large, not very prominent, distinctly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae fulvo-testaceous, about two- thirds as long as the hind femora (male). Pronotum subequal, feebly enlarging posteriorly, the median carina distinct throughout, though the feebler on the prozona, the lateral carinae forming a tolerably dis- tinct angle, especially on the metazona, the disk darker than the lateral lobes, but the latter having a clouded piceous band on the prozona, much broken by luteous or ferruginous, and distinct only in the impressed portions; front margin faintly convex, hind margin obtus- angulate, nearly rectangulate; prozona quadrate, no longer than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, appressed, conico- cylindrical, blunt, erect, stout; interspace between mesosternal lobes a little more than twice as long as broad (male). Tegmina greyish fuscous, very feebly and very sparsely sprinkled with fuscous dots in the discoidal field, considerably surpassing the hind femora, moderately slender, subequal, well rounded at tip; wings pellucid, with greenish fuscous veins. Hind femora dull testaceous, broadly, obliquely, and more or less distinctly bifasciate with dark olivaceo-fuscous, the under surface more or less ruddy; hind tibiae pale obscure glaucous, the spines black and pallid, ten to thirteen, generally eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal plate long triangular, with acutangulate apex and slightly convex sides, the surface nearly flat, a moderately narrow, pereurrent, median sulcus marked by the elevation of its not very sharp nor high walls; furcula consisting of a pair of parallel, flattened, not very broad, rather rapidly tapering, subacuminate fingers, hardly surpassing the basal third of the supraanal plate; cerci small, slender, feebly upeurved, gently incurved, equal except for the slight basal enlargement, well rounded at apex, distinctly less than four times as long as broad, and much shorter than the supraanal plate; infracereal plates as in the preceding species; subgenital plate broad and short, apically elevated abruptly and considerably but not prolonged, the apical margin transverse, thickened, and notched. Length of body, male, 23.5 mm.; antennae, 9 mm.; tegmina, 20.5 mm. ; hind femora, 14 mm. Two males. Los Angeles, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.—hiley collection). 8. IMPUDICUS SERIES. This group is composed of a single species of medium size, and is more nearly related to the next group than to any other. The prozona is slightly longitudinal in the male. The interspace between the meso- sternal lobes in the same sex is nearly half as long again as broad and the metasternal lobes are only approximate. The tegmina are fully developed and surpass the hind femora. The hind tibiae are red and have eleven to thirteen spines in the outer series. 204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. The supraanal plate is regularly triangular with straight sides and acutangulate apex, the surface entirely in the same plane from base to apex, i. e., with no apical depression. The furcula in the single known species is reduced to a pair of very slight rather distant spines, no longer than the last dorsal segment. The cerci taper considerably at base, but more by excision of the lower than of the upper margin, and beyond the middle are subequal, hardly in the least incurved, and api- cally angulate. The subgenital plate is of equal breadth throughout and terminates in a postmarginal blunt tubercle above, the apical mar- gin being abbreviated, rounded, and entire. The single species occurs in the Southern States, east of the Missis- sippi. 36. MELANOPLUS IMPUDICUS, new species. (Plate XIV, fig. 1.) Of medium size, brownish fuscous, with a decided ferruginous tinge. Head moderately prominent, testaceous or ferrugineo-testaceous, dotted above with fuscous, the dots mesially forming a stripe, and with a dis- tinct postocular piceous band; vertex rather tumid, distinctly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes as broad (male) or fully half as broad again (female) as the first antennal joint; fas- tigium steeply declivent, feebly (male) or very feebly (female) sulcate; face more than usually retreating, the frontal costa failing to reach the clypeus, equal, as broad (male) or almost as broad (female) as the inter- space between the eyes, sulcate excepting above where it is biseriately punctate; eyes not very prominent, rather large, distinctly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferruginous, less than two-thirds (male) or about three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, expanding a little on the metazona, the disk ferrugineo-luteous flecked with fuscous, very feebly convex, pass- ing by a rounded shoulder nowhere forming lateral carinae into the anteriorly tumid vertical lateral lobes, which are of the color of the face, with a broad piceous postocular stripe across the prozona; median sarina distinct on the metazona, feeble and in the female subobsolete on the prozona; front margin truncate; hind margin obtusangulate; prozona feebly longitudinal (male) or distinetly transverse (female), a little (male) or no (female) longer than the delicately punctate meta- zona. Prosternal spine rather long (male) or rather short (female), conical, rather blunt, suberect; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly half as long again as broad in both sexes, the metasternal lobes approximate (male) or somewhat approximate (female). Tegmina surpassing a little (male) or considerably (female) the hind femora, moderately broad, tapering (more rapidly in the male than in the female), brownish fuscous, the discoidal area lighter at least on the basal half, and flecked throughout with tolerably large, more or less rounded, dark fuscous spots; wings rather broad, hyaline at base, beyond infumated No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 205 either apically (female) or over the whole apical half (male), the veins in the infumated area blackish fuscous. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora ferruginous or ferrugineo- testaceous, obliquely bifasciate with blackish fuscous excepting below, the under face lighter or deeper orange, the whole geniculation infus- cated; hind tibiae bright red, the spines black excepting at base, eleven to thirteen in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, slightly recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with straight, scarcely and narrowly elevated margins, acutangulate apex, the median suleus confined to the basal half, tapering, narrow, and very deep, between high and sharp walls, which unite in the middle of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of slight, brief, parallel, moderately distant spines lying upon the bases of the ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci small compressed laminae, tapering rapidly in the basal half and more rapidly beneath than above, beyond equal and about half as broad as extreme base, apically rounded angulate, nowhere incurved, scarcely so long as the supraanal plate; infracereal plates very broad at base, extending far outside the cerci, rapidly narrowing with straight mar- gins, distinctly shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, subequal or broader apically than basally, hardly longer than broad, bluntly subconical, terminating in a very blunt, heavy tubercle, which lies beyond the well rounded, scarcely elevated, entire, apical margin. Length of body, male, 18.5 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; antennae, male and female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 16 mm., female, 20 mm.; hind femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 13.5 mm. One male, 2 females. Georgia, Morrison (S. H. Scudder; S. Henshaw); Monticello, Lawrence County, Mississippi, Miss Helen Jennison. 9. ARIDUS SERIES. In this group the antennae of the male are exceptionally long and the prozona is distinctly longitudinal. The interspace between the meso- sternal lobes in the same sex varies from subquadrate to half as long - again as broad, while in the female it varies from distinctly transverse to much longer than broad. The pronotum is posteriorly truncate or subtruncate, usually broadly emarginate. The tegmina are not only abbreviate but rarely as long as the pronotum, lateral and distant. The hind femora are long, and the hind tibiae light colored, with eight to twelve, generally about ten, spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate of the male is triangular and rather simple; the last dorsal segment is obliquely and deeply sulcate on either side of the base of the furcula, which consists of a pair of very slender parallel fingers or spines of variable length, but never very long; the cerci rapidly narrow at the base to a long and exceedingly slender incurved blade, hardly as long as the supraanal plate, and narrower by far than 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. =. VOL. XX. the frontal costa; the subgenital plate is small and subconical or sub- pyramidal, the margins lying in one plane and entire. Three species are known, two in Arizona, and one from near the margin of the tropics in western Mexico and Lower California. They are rather above the medium and may be of large size. 37- MELANOPLUS HUMPHREYSII. Pezotettix humphreysii THOMAS! (pars), Rep. Geogr. Expl. 100th mer., V (1875), p. 890.—ScUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, 1879, p.85; (pars), Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 74. The only specimen seen has been in alcohol and the colors are more or less bleached; it is brownish testaceous, marked with black. Head large, somewhat protuberant, without markings except a slender black line behind the eye; vertex somewhat tumid and a little elevated above the pronotum, sharply punctate except in a posteriorly broadening mesial band which was probably darker colored, the interspace between theeeyes much broader (a little distorted in the specimen) than the first antennal joint; fastigium rather steeply declivent, rather narrow, sul- cate, biseriately punctate; frontal costa rather prominent above, fading before the clypeus, much broader than the interspace between the eyes, equal, shallowly sulcate excepting above, sparsely punctate; eyes of moderate size, not prominent, about as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous, apically infuscated, less than two- thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum very regularly and feebly enlarging posteriorly, the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona with a very large, posteriorly narrowing, piceous patch, nearly split in two subequal portions by a wedge of the basal color extending obliquely upward from the lower anterior corner, and nar- rowly edged above on the disk by a pallid tint; disk transversely con- vex, passing by a very rounded and scarcely perceptible angle into the very steeply declivent and inferiorly vertical lateral lobes, with no lateral carinae; median carina percurrent, feeble on the metazona, coarse and rather prominent on the prozona; front margin truncate but feebly and narrowly flaring; hind margin roundly, broadly and feebly emarginate; disk of prozona very coarsely punctate, quadrate, fully a third as long again as the strongly transverse, finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, conical, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes (female) distinctly transverse, narrower than the lobes. Tegmina abbreviate, shorter than the pronotum, lateral, widely separated, enlarging from the base to the middle, beyond equal, apically rounded, several times longer than broad, black on ground with testaceous veins. Hind femora brownish testaceous on upper half, its lower limit infus- cated on the outer face, pallid on lower half, the genicular are black; hind tibiae pale testaceous, the spines black tipped, nine to ten in num- ber in the outer series. Supraanal plate of male “bicarinate longitudi- nally”; cerci “flat and enlarged at the base and apex, the apical aes. NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 207 apical angle is rounded, while the posterior one is somewhat acute, dentiform;” subgenital plate “slightly elongate and cone-shaped” (Quotations from Thomas). Length of body, female, 26 mm.; antennae, 11 mm. (est.); tegmina, 5 mm.; hind femora, 18 mm. One female. Arizona, G. W. Dunn (L. Bruner). It was originally described from southern Arizona. I have here adhered to my original limitation! of Thomas’s species, although I was mistaken in supposing that the male I then had before me was one of those used by him in his description, since he describes the cerci as enlarged at the extremity, which they certainly were not in the one then in my hands. Thomas’s originals, so far as now pre- served in the National Museum, all belong to my Jel. aridus, but for- tunately a specimen in Professor Bruner’s collection, although it is only a female, enables me to fix the species. It may be separated from Mel. aridus by the character which Thomas describes thus: ‘“ Posterior margin [of pronotum| truncate on the back [i. e., disk|, or curved slightly forward” [i.e., emarginate], the posterior margin in Jel. aridus being distinctly obtusangulate, though subtruncate. 38. MELANOPLUS NITIDUS, new species. (Plate XIV, fig. 2.) Pezotettix humphreysii SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 85; (pars), Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 74. Pale brown suffused with flavous and marked with black. Head not prominent, or in the male scarcely prominent, pale flavo-testaceous heavily mottled with brown, above almost wholly brown, with a broad postocular piceous band margined with flavous (these markings not seen in the female); vertex tumid, distinctly elevated above the pro- notum (male) or feebly tumid, not thus elevated (female), the interspace between the eyes nearly half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fastigium rather strongly declivent, deeply (male) or feebly (female) sul- cate; frontal costa subequal, but slightly expanded at the ocellus, where it is equal to (male) or broader than (female) the interspace between the eyes, sulcate distinctly and throughout (male) or feebly and at and a little below the ocellus (female); eyes rather large and rather prominent especially in the male, elongate, very much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae flavous, a little shorter than (male) or about two-thirds as long as (female) the hind femora. Pronotum sub- equal on the prozona, expanding on the metazona, nearly uniform in coloring except for a large flavous-margined, piceous, postocular patch crossing the prozona, more or less broken and irregular in the female; disk pretty strongly convex, passing almost ‘insensibly into the lateral lobes with no trace of lateral carinae, though the position of thesé is 1Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, p. 85. 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VO. XX. marked on the prozona by the flavous stripe bordering the piceous patch; median earina percurrent, dull and heavy, more pronounced on the pro- zona than on the metazona; front margin subtruncate, feebly and nar- rowly flaring in the male, hind margin broadly and roundly but not deeply emarginate; prozona punctate next the front margin, distinctly longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), mesially twice as long (male) or fully half as long again (female) as the finely punctate metazona. Pro- sternal spine appressed conical and slightly retrorse (male) or erect, conical (female), rather long and slender ; interspace between mesosternal lobes transversely subquadrate (male) or a little transverse (female), the metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or somewhat approximate (female). Tegmina about as long as the prozona, elliptical, about three times as long as broad, broadly rounded at tip, lateral, widely distant, black with testaceous veins. Fore and middle femora somewhat en- larged especially in depth in the male; hind femora flavous, more or less longitudinally infuscated or ferruginous, especially on or next the carinae, the genicular are piceous, the lower genicular lobe wholly pallid; hind tibiae pale dull flavous, delicately mottled with ferruginous, the spines black excepting at base, eight (female) or ten (male) in number in the outer series. Abdomen feebly carinate, nearly uniform in color, the extremity subclavate in the male, a little recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, roundly acutangulate at tip, the surface vaulted, with a large subbasal rounded basin taking the place of the usual median suleus, and into which falls the furcula, consisting of a pair of very slender, parallel and adjacent, subequal, cylindrical fingers, extending less than a third the distance across the plate; cerci slender, gradually incurved but otherwise straight, compressed blades, tapering at the very base, but beyond subequal, rounded at tip, considerably shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, subpyramidal, of about equal breadth and length, the margin apically angulate, entire. Length of body, male, 17.5 mm., female, 31.5 mm.; antennae, male and female, 11 mm.; tegmina, male, 3mm., female, 5mm.; hind femora, male, 12 mm., female, 17 mm. One male, 1 female. Tepic, Jalisco, Mexico, November, Coll. Calif. Acad. Se. (L. Bruner); Cape St. Lucas, Lower California (?), J. Xantus. The female, collected by Xantus (presumably at Cape St. Lucas), is the one referred to by me in my original description of M. aridus as belonging to that species, but it differs from it (and agrees with J. humphreysii) in the emargination of the posterior border of the pro- notum, and differs from both in the greater robustness of the body, especially in the metathoracic region. It is quite possible that the male and female here brought together do not properly belong to one species; there is great disparity in size and, as the description shows, some unusual disagreements between sexes of the same species; but they certainly belong in close proximity, even if distinct; if they should prove distinct, the name should be retained for the male, from which the description (especially in colors) has principally been drawn. NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 209 39. MELANOPLUS ARIDUS. (Plate XIV, fig. 3.) Pezotettix humphreysii THOMAS! (pars), Rep. Geogr. Exp]. 100th mer., V (1875), p. 890, pl. xLv, figs. 1, 2. Pezotettix aridus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 84-85; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 73-74.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59. Brownish flavous, inclining to flavous below, marked with black. Head slightly prominent especially in the male, more or less embrowned, with a narrow mesial black stripe on summit and a broad postocular piceous band; vertex rather tumid, distinctly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes slightly narrower (male) or slightly broader (female) than the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, sulcate, narrow, considerably expanding in front, the bounding walls stout, rounded; frontal costa moderate, nearly equal, contracted slightly just below the ocellus, above flat, below the ocellus a little suleate, rather broader than the interspace between the eyes; eyes rather. prominent especially in the male, as long as (female) or dis- tinctly longer than (male) the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae flavo-testaceous, about five-sixths (male) or two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum simple, expanding a very little posteriorly, the prozona slightly swollen on the upper part of the lateral lobes, into which the disk passes insensibly; there is a broad black band at the upper limit of the lateral lobes of the pro- zona, Which either narrows on the metazona so as only to edge the lower side of the position of the lateral carinae, or, if of equal width with the preceding portion, is enlivened by a yellow stripe passing longitudinally through the middle, a continuation of the black bordered yellowish stripe on the metathoracic epipleura; occasionally the band is wholly obsolete on the metazona; in the middle of the portion of the band on the prozona is also a roundish or oblique pyriform yellowish spot; median carina distinet, equal, but low and rounded; front margin truneate, hind margin gently convex, subangulate; prozona obscurely and sparsely punctate, distinctly (male) or very feebly (female) longitudinal, a third (male) or a fourth (female) longer than the finely and clearly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine not very long, conical, blunt-tipped, suberect; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully (male) or nearly (female) half as long again as broad. Tegmina abbreviate, shorter or at least no longer than the pronotum, rounded ovate, about twice as long as broad, the costal and inner margins about equally convex, the extremity truncate and broadly rounded, not in the least produced, dark brownish fuscous, clouded with olivaceous. Fore and middle femora very gently tumid in the male; hind femora dull olivaceo flavous, the outer face more or Proe: NOE yol, xx 14 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. less infuscated, the upper face indistinctly bimaculate with fuscous, the whole geniculation excepting the lower lobe beyond its base blackish; hind tibiae glaucous (pale yellowish in alcoholic specimens), the spines black to their base, or excepting the extreme base, ten to eleven, rarely twelve, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen very feehly clavate, scarcely recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, about equally long and broad, the sides straight, the tip angulate; furcula consisting of a pair of subapproximate slight and equal fingers, bluntly tipped, hardly more than a quarter the length of the supraanal plate; cerci very slender, compressed, rapidly narrowing at extreme base, beyond equal, slightly and broadly sulcate exteriorly, directed backward and alittle inward, tapering and bluntly rounded at tip, scarcely reaching the tip of the ane plate; sub- genital plate truncato-conical, much broader than long, incurved at base, the lateral and apical margins in one plane, entire. Length of body, male, 17.5 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male, 10.5 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 4 mm., female, 4.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 12.5 mm., female, 13 mm. Four males, 9 females. Arizona (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection; L. Bruner); San Carlos, Gila County, Arizona, Wheeler’s Exp. (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona, E. Pal- mer; Fort Buchanan, Pima County, Arizona, EK, Palmer; Fort Grant, Graham County, Arizona (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection). See the remarks on this species under Melanoplus humphreysti. The specimen from Cape St. Lucas which I referred! to this species does not belong to it, but probably to Melanoplus nitidus. 10. INDIGENS SERIES. In this group, consisting of only a single species of medium size, the prozona of the male is very longitudinal and the interspace between the mesosternal lobes of the same sex only slightly longer than broad. The antennae of the male are almost as long as the hind femora. The tegmina are abbreviate, about as long as the pronotum, subelliptical with rounded apex. The hind tibiae are ereenish and have ten to twelve spines in the outer series. The extremity of the male abdomen is hardly clavate and the supra- anal plate triangular with distinct median sulcus and mesially notched lateral margins; the furcula consists of a small pair of tapering fingers; the cerci are large and broad, almost equally broad throughout, and apically rounded, nearly straight; the subgenital plate is broad and short, the apical margin elevated to a blunt tubercle. The single species occurs in Idaho. = — = = 1Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, {0p tetas No. 1124, REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. Pala b 40. MELANOPLUS INDIGENS, new species. (Plate XIV, fig. 4.) Of medium size, brownish fuscous above, sordid testaceous beneath. Head a little prominent, olivaceo-testaceous flecked with fnscous, above blackish fuscous with a broad piceous postocular band; vertex some- what tumid, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fas- tigium steeply declivent, shallowly and broadly sulcate; frontal costa scarcely reaching the clypeus, faintly expanded at the ocellus, but otherwise equal, a little narrower than the interspace between the eyes, a little sulcate below the ocellus, distinctly punctate above; eyes rather large, not prominent, somewhat longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae castaneous, almost as long as the hind femora. Pronotum slightly expanding on the metazona, the sides with a per- current, piceous, postocular stripe which is rather feeble on the meta- zona, the disk rather broadly convex, passing by a rounded shoulder, posteriorly forming feeble lateral carinae, into the somewhat tumid vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct on the metazona, obsoles- cent on the prozona; front margin subtruneate, hind margin very broadly rotundate; prozona distinctly longitudinal, about a third longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine long, conical, bluntly pointed, feebly appressed; interspace between mesosternal lobes subquadrate, barely longer than broad. Tegmina abbreviate, almost as long as the pronotum, slightly distant, obovate, almost twice as Jong as broad, the tip strongly rounded. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora rather slender, somewhat compressed, ferrugineo-testaceous, irregularly clouded and flecked with fuscous, the under face flavo-olivaceous, the upper genicular lobe and base of lower black; hind tibiae sordid pale greenish with a fuscous patellar annulus, the spines black almost to their base, ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen hardly clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with acut- angulate apex, the lateral margins considerably and rather abruptly elevated and mesially notched, the median sulcus distinct and percur- rent between rather narrow and sharp ridges which fade beyond the middle; furcula consisting of a pair of rather slender, tapering and acuminate, tumid, feebly arcuate and slightly divergent fingers, slightly longer than the last dorsal segment; cerci broad and rather coarse, straight, subequal, apically rounded or subangulate laminae, nearly four times as long as their middle breadth, obliquely vertical throughout except apically, where by a feeble twist they become verti- cal; subgenital plate short and broad, the apical margin rising consid- erably above the lateral into a slight rounded tubercle, the lateral and apical margins as seen from above parabolic. Length of body, male, 20 mm.; antennae, 10 mm.; tegmina, 4.25 mm ; hind femora, 11 mm. 212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XX. One male. Salmon City, Lemhi County, Idaho, August (L. Bruner). This species has a close general resemblance to Podisma marshallit with its much shorter antennae and wide separation of the mesosternal lobes. 11. MANCUS SERIES. In this group, composed of species mostly of small size, the prozona of the male varies from quadrate to distinctly longitudinal, and the interspace between the mesosternal lobes of the same sex varies from a little longer than broad to more than twice as long as broad. Tle antennae of the male are rarely as long as the hind femora. The teg- mina are always abbreviate, about as long as the pronotum, usually rather broad and either angulate or more or less acuminate attip. The hind tibiae are red, rarely greenish, and have nine to sixteen, more coin- monly about eleven, spines in the outer series. The extremity of the male abdomen is usually very feebly clavate, and the supraanal plate usually triangular and rather flat except for the submedian ridges; but it is sometimes long subclypeate with margins more or less raised; the furcula always consists of a feeble or rather feeble pair of denticulations; the cerci are generally rather small, some- times nearly equal, at others tapering more or less in the basal half, but rarely anywhere very slender, generally incurved or inbent, and occasionally somewhat arcuate as seen laterally, always well rounded apically and generally exteriorly suleate on the apical half; the sub- genital plate is broad, generally also short, subconical or subpyramidal, the lateral and apical margins in the same plane and entire. The species are five in number and have together a wide range, though all but one are rather local, so far as known. The one which is widely distributed occurs from Nebraska and Kansas to Texas in the West, and from southern New England and central New York to Virginia in the East. The other species are known respectively from Lower Calli- fornia, Colorado, Idaho, and northern New England, but the last is also reported from Illinois. This series represents in brachypterous forms the glaucipes series in macropterous, and in an ideal arrangement the series should not be so widely separated as here. 41. MELANOPLUS SCUDDERI. (Plate XIV, figs. 5, 6.) Pezotettix scudderi UHLER!, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., II (1864), p. 555.—Smiru, Rep. Conn. Bad. Agric., 1872 (1872), pp. 370, 381.—THomas, Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 152; Bull. Ill. Mus. Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 67.—BRUNER, Can, Ent., IX (1877), p. 144.—ScuDDER, ibid., XII (1880), p. 75.—THOMAs, Rep. Ent. I1)., 1X (1880), pp. 91, 95, 121.—Bruner, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59.—Comsrock, Intr. Ent. (1888), p. 107.—Davis, Ent. Amer., V (1889), p. 80.—Smiru, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 412.—BLatTcHLey!, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 80.—McNEILL!, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 76.—OsBokNn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sce., I, ii (1892), p. 117.—BruNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p. 27.—Morss, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 106.—GarMmaNn, Orth. Ky. (1894), p. 8.—BruTENM@LLER, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894), p. 309, pl. vu, fig. 6. sire eve SS No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 213 Pezotettix rubricrus WALSH!, MS. (1865). Podisma scudderi WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 718. Pezviettiz unicolor THOMAS!, Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 151; Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sc., I (1876), p. 260.—GLovER, Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1876), pl. x11, fig. 9.—THomas, Bull. Ill. Mus. Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 66; Rep. Geol. Expl. W. 100th Mer., V (1875), p. 888, pl. xLv, fig. 4.—BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144.—Riury, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), pp. 220, 226.—THomas, Rep. Ent. Ill., 1X (1880), pp. 95, 118-119.—BruNER, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 136; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p. 27. Of medium or rather small size, ferrugineo-fuscous, a little lighter beneath. Head not prominent, dark testaceous, much mottled with fuscous or generally infuscated, above almost wholly infuscated, with an obscure fuscous postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, plane, with feebly raised lateral margins; frontal costa fading before the clypeus, subequal, of the same breadth as the interspace between the eyes, the lateral margins faintly elevated throughout and besides that feebly suleate at and below the ocellus, punctate biseriately above; eyes moderately large, rather prominent, very much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferruginous, more or less infuscated apically, about four-fifths (male) or less than two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum often heavily ferruginous on the disk, the lateral lobes with a postocular piceous belt, occasionally subobsolete, either crossing the whole pro- notum but generally enfeebled on the metazona, or confined to the prozona; disk broadly convex, passing by a distinct but everywhere distinctly rounded shoulder into the at first very steeply declivent and afterwards vertical lateral iobes; median carina distinct, delicate and equal throughout; front margin very feebly convex and often faintly emarginate in the middle, hind margin obtusangulate, occasion- ally rotundato-obtusangulate; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or varying from quadrate to distinctly longitudinal—the latter especially in southern examples (female), fully lialf (male) or generally about a fourth (female) longer than the heavily and densely punctate metazona. Pro- sternal spine not very long, appressed cylindrical, tapering apically, bluntly pointed, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully twice as long as broad (male) or quadrate (female). Tegmina about as long as the pronotum, broad ovate, overlapping, roundly subacuminate at tip (excepting in extreme southern examples, where it is well rounded); wings not half the length of the tegmina. Fore and middle femora slightly tumid in the male; hind femora ferrugineo-testaceous, occa- sionally with an olivaceous tinge, feebly bimaculate with fuscous above, the spots often extending halfway across the inner face, the lower face castaneous, occasionally ruddy, the whole geniculation fus- cous and the genicular are black; hind tibiae bright red, sometimes feebly infuscated or dulled toward the base, and with a fuscous patellar 214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. spot, the spines black in the apical half, crowded, eleven to sixteen, usually twelve to thirteen, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, a little recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, acutangulate at tip, with strongly elevated and sharp sub- median ridges on either side of the deep, narrow, and subequal median suleus, which fades and widens apically; furcula consisting of the slightly tumid attingent portions of the mesially divided last dorsal segment, each produced posteriorly as a triangular tooth projecting over the supraanal plate, the tooth sometimes shorter than, usually as long as, the basal swelling, in southern examples half as long again as it (the length slightly exaggerated in fig. 6); cerci simple, feebly fal- ciform blades about twice as long as their basal breadth, at the rounded apex about half as broad as at base, usually slightly inecurved, and generally exteriorly sulcate on the apical half, sometimes to a considerable degree; subgenital plate small, conical, the upper margin acutangulate as seen from above, in one plane, entire. Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male and female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 5 mm., female, 5.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 12.75 mm. Seventy-three males, 95 females. Brunswick, Maine, Packard (Mu- seum Comparative Zoology); Springfield, Hampden County, Massa- - chusetts, Allen (same); Deep River, Middlesex County, Connecticut, August 24 (A. P. Morse); New Haven, Connecticut, S. I. Smith, A. P. Morse (S. H. Scudder; Museum Comparative Zoology); North Haven, New Haven County, Connecticut, August 23 (A. IP. Morse); South Kent, Litchfield County, Connecticut, August 19-20 (A. P. Morse); Staten Island, New York, September 18, W.'T. Davis; Maryland, September 15, 19, October 18, 25, P. R. Uhler; Middle States, R. Osten Sacken; Washington, D. C. (L. Bruner, U.S.N.M.); Virginia (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, October, Packard (Museum Comparative Zoology); Vigo County, Indiana, W.S. Blatchley (S. H. Scudder; A. P.Morse); Bloomington, Monroe County, Indiana, Bollman (U.S.N.M.); Lexington, Fayette County, Kentucky, August 29, Septem- ber 35, H. Garman; near Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, October, Putnam (Museum Comparative Zoology); Illinois, Uhler (S. H. Scudder; L. 3runer); Northern Illinois, Kennicott; Ogle County, Lilinois, J.A. Allen; Chicago, Cook County, [linois, September (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Rock Island, llinois, Walsh; Moline, Rock Island County, Illinois, McNeill; Southern [linois, November 1 (U.S.N.M.—Riley col- lection); Saint Clair County, Illinois, October 29 (same); Jackson County, Dlinois (same); Dallas County, Iowa, August 8-10, September 1-3, J. A. Allen; Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa, July 20-24, Allen; Crawford County, Lowa, July 13-24, Allen; West Point, Cuming County, Nebraska, L. Bruner; Missouri. September 24-25 (U.S.N.M.—Riley col- lection); Savannah, Andrew County, Missouri, October 30 (same); Cen- tral Missouri (same); Boone County, Missouri, November 1 (same); Saint NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 215 Louis, Missouri, October 10 (same); Kirkwood, Saint Louis County, Missouri, September 6, October (same); Bushberg, Jefferson County, Missouri, August 24 (same); Mississippi (L. Bruner); Texas, September 20, October 13, Belfrage; Dallas, Texas, Boll (S. H.Scudder; U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection). It has also been reported from New Jersey (Smith), Ithaca, New York (Comstock), Normal, McLean County, Illinois (Thomas), various parts of Kentucky (Garman), Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas (Bruner), and, with doubt, by Thomas from Colorado “ subalpine” and southern Colorado. The species varies to a considerable degree, as appears in part from the above description. Texan specimens have the tegmina uniformly less acuminate apically and a longer furcula. Occasionally the tegmina are considerably longer than the pronotum, as appears especially in a pair sent me by Professor H. Garman from Kentucky. Specimens from southern New England appear uniformly somewhat smaller than others, while there is no difference in size between specimens from Maryland and Texas. Walsh, supposing the species here described as M. walshii to be the true M. seudderi, named the present species in his letters Pezotettix rubricrus, and I still possess several specimens sent me by him in 1865 under that name. Examination of the types of Uhler and Thomas show that scudderi and unicolor are identical, as McNeill thought. Riley states that this species attains maturity in the vicinity of Saint Louis, Missouri, about September 1, and begins to oviposit on Septem- ber 24. The eggs have a quadrilinear arrangement in the pod. Uhler found it abundant near Baltimore, Maryland, on “the sides of high hills,” Beutenmiiller about New York City in ‘dry places,” and Com- stock about Ithaca, New York, “among scattered trees on the crests and slopes of our highest hills.” In the West, however, Allen found it in IJowa ‘common in grassy groves” and ‘on prairies,” while McNeill says that in Illinois it ‘‘is very frequently found along roadsides or in pastures,” and in Indiana Blatchley finds it ‘“‘in open woods and pastures.” 42. MELANOPLUS GILLETTEI, new species. (Plate XIV, fig. 7.) Of rather small size, blackish fuscous, testaceous beneath. Head not prominent, brownish fuscous deepening in tint above and flecked with testaceous below, the clypeus and labrum testaceous, flecked with fuscous; vertex rather feebly tumid, not elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes twice as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, rather feebly sulcate; frontal costa fading well before the clypeus, feebly narrowed above, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, faintly suleate at and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate; eyes moderately large, not very prominent, some- 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. what longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae dark castaneous, about four-fifths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum narrowest at the hinder section of the prozona, feebly expanding in front, slightly more on the metazona, the piceous postocular band of the lateral lobes confined to the prozona and inconspicuous from the dark color of the insect, though brought slightly into prominence by the slight paling of the lower portion of the lateral lobes and the rufous tinge of the sides of the disk, the disk very broadly convex and pass- ing by rounded shoulders simulating lateral carinae into the vertical lateral lobes, where each half of the prozona is slightly and independ- ently tumid; median carina distinct and rather prominent on the meta- zona, blunt on the prozona, particularly between the sulci; front margin feebly convex, hind margin rotundato obtusangulate; prozona longitudinally subquadrate, slightly longer than the somewhat coarsely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short and stout, appressed con- ical, retrorse; interspace between mesosternal lobes about half as long again as broad. Tegmina abbreviate, rather broad ovate, subfusiform, apically acuminate, about as long as the pronotum, attingent, blackish fuscous. Fore and middle femora consider. bly tumid in the male; hind femora rather long and slender, blackish fuscous, the outer face more or less and irregularly blotched with dull testaceous, the inferior face dull rufous, the whole geniculation and lower genicular lobe blackish; hind tibiae very pale dull greenish, minutely flecked with fuscous, the spines black almost to the base, ten to eleven in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen feebly clavate, strongly recurved, the supraanal plate long triangular, subhastate, the apex subrectangulate, the lateral margins narrowly elevated, the median sulcus with its low rounded walls shallow, broad at extremities and narrowed near the middle, where the plate is traversed by a slight transverse ridge which does not reach the margins; furcula consisting of a pair of widely divergent, slender, tapering, acuminate spines crossing nearly the basal fourth of the supraanal plate; cerci broad, flat, subvertical laminae, slightly more compressed at apex than at base, lying nearly in one plane but feebly incurved and very faintly upcurved, subequal, well rounded apically particularly on the inferior margin, a little more than twice as long as broad, falling considerably short of the tip of the supraanal plate, rather coarsely punctate; subgenital plate small, feebly subpyramidal, the apex elevated only by the gradual and exceedingly slight upward curve of the margin, which as seen from above is well rounded and entire. Length of body, male, 16 mm.; antennae, 6 mm.; tegmina, 4 mm.; hind femora, 9.75 mm. Two males. Rabbit Ears Pass, Colorado, at the height of about 10,000 feet, or probably 1,000 feet below timber line, July 20, C. F. Baker (C. P. Gillette). Mr. Baker has also sent me specimens taken by him at Cameron Pass in northern Colorado at a height of 11,800 feet, and on Clark’s Peak, Colorado, at a height of 11,700 feet. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 217 43. MELANOPLUS ARTEMISIAE, new species. (Plate XIV, fig. 8.) Pezotettix artemisiae BRUNER!, MS. Pezotettix parabilis MCNEILL!, MS. Of rather small size, cinereo-fuscous. Head rather prominent, dull testaceous, heavily blotched with fuscous if not wholly infuscated, deepest on the elevated portions, above cinereo-testaceous, heavily flecked with fuscous in stripes radiating from the fastigium and in a postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, distinctly elevated above the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes fully half as wide again (male) or fully twice as wide (female) as the first anten- nal joint; fastigium rather steeply declivent, sulcate; frontal costa per- current, equal or faintly enlarging below, nearly as wide as the interspace between the eyes, very feebly sulcate at and a little below the ocellus, punctate above; eyes not very large but prominent, espe- cially in the male, distinctly larger than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous, five-sixths (male) or scarcely three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum rather short, subequal, feebly enlarging posteriorly, the lateral lobes with a feeble fuscous postocular band on the prozona, the disk frequently punctate with fuscous, very broadly convex and passing by a rounded shoulder, feebly angulated on the metazona, into the anteriorly feebly tumid subvertical lateral lobes; median carina percurrent, but blunt on the prozona, especially between the sulci where it is often subobsolete ; front margin truncate, hind margin rotundato-obtusangulate, slightly more angulate in the male than in the female; prozona transversely subquadrate (male) or distinctly transverse (female), about a fifth longer than the densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather short, erect, conico-pyramidal, subappressed; interspace between meso- sternal lobes truncato-cuneiform, a little longer than broad (male) or distinctly transverse, not much narrower than the lobes (female). ‘Teg- mina broad-ovate, broader in the female than in the male, scarcely shorter than the pronotum, attingent, the apex angulate. Fore and middle femora very feebly enlarged in the male; hind femora long and slender, sordid flavo-testaceous, twice rather narrowly demi-cinguiate with fuscous above and touched with fuscous at the base, the genicular are fuscous; hind tibiae very pale and very dull glaucous, with a fuscous patellar spot, the spines black on the apical half, ten to eleven, rarely nine, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen barely clavate, scarcely recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with straight or nearly straight sides, acutangulate apex, the surface nearly plane, rising mesially and basally into a, pair of high, sharp, feebly convergent ridges, inclosing a very deep and tapering median sulcus which covers two-thirds of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of distant minute denticulations overlying the submedian ridges of the 218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. supraanal plate; cerci moderately stout, nearly equal in width through- out, the basal half exteriorly tumid, the apical half roundly bent inward and exteriorly broadly suleate, the apex well rounded and nearly reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, feebly subpyramidal, the margin as seen from above acutely bent apically and feebly tuberculate by its slight apical elevation. Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male, 7.5 mm., female, 5.75 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 3.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 9 mm., female, 10 mm. Four males, 10 females. Salmon City, Lemhi County, Idaho, August (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection; L. Bruner; 8S. H. Scudder). 44. MELANOPLUS MANCUS. (Plate XIV, fig. 9.) Pezotettix manca SMITH!, Proc. Portl. Soc. Nat. Hist., I (1868), p. 149.—THomas, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p.149.—ScuppER!, Hitchc., Rep. Geol. N.H., 1 (1874), p. 374.—GiraRbD, Traité d’Ent., II (1879), p. 246.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., IIT (1883), p. 59.—FERNALD, Orth. N. E. (1888), pp. 29, 30; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XXV (1888), pp. 118, 114.—McNEILL, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 77.—Morsk, ibid., VII (1894), p. 106. Podisma manca WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., V (1871), p. 72. Of rather small size, blackish fuscous above, the abdomen and legs more or less ferruginous, below light castaneous. Head not prominent, the face and genae testaceous, feebly olivaceous, and sometimes faintly clouded with fuscous, the summit blackish fuscous with a distinct and broad piceous postocular band; vertex gently convex, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fas- tigium rather steeply declivent, rather (male) or very (female) shallowly suleate; frontal costa subequal, a little contracted narrowly at summit, especially in the male, slightly narrower than the interspace between the eyes, fading just before the clypeus, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes of moderate size, rather promi- nent, particularly in the male, distinctly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae dark castaneous, apically infuscated, less than three fourths (male) or about two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum rather short, feebly enlarging posteriorly but more rapidly on the metazona, the upper portion of the lateral lobes occupied by a broad piceous postocular band, broadening pos- teriorly and generally weaker on, but never absent from, the metazona; disk broadly convex, passing by a broadly rounded shoulder nowhere forming semblance of lateral carinae into the inferiorly vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct on the metazona, blunt, equal, and almost subobsolete on the prozona; front margin truncate or subtrun- cate, hind margin very broadly convex, occasionally subangulate, the angle exceedingly obtuse; prozona slightly longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), about a fourth (male) or a fifth (female) as long ¢ it NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 219 again as the densely and finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather short, slightly appressed conical, blunt, erect, rather shorter and stouter in the female than in the male; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly half as long again as broad (male) or trans- verse, but much narrower than the lobes (female). Tegmina broad rounded-ovate, shorter than the pronotum, attingent or subattingent, feebly subangulate at apex, dark brownish fuscous. Fore and middle femora a little tumid in the male; hind femora ferrugineo-testaceous, sometimes with an olivaceous tinge, often more or less infuscated on the outer face, especially next the carinae, the geniculation infuscated, sometimes almost black; hind tibiae rather deep red, often paler next the base, with a feeble and narrow fuscous patellar annulus, the spines black almost or quite to their base, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen very feebly clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate long subclypeate, the lateral margins raised and slightly contracted mesially, the apex roundly subrectangu- late, the median sulcus rather narrow, equal, percurrent, the bounding ridges not very high, but moderately sharp; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, parallel, slight, cylindrical, tapering spines, projecting over the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate by no more than the length of the last dorsal segment; cerci rather long and slender, the lower margin nearly straight, tapering in the proximal half to about half its basal breadth, thereafter subequal, a little incurved and faintly twisted, scarcely reaching the tip of the supraanal plate, well rounded at tip; subgenital plate pyramidal, a little elongate and at tip sub- tuberculate, the margins in one plane, as seen from above with a para- bolic curve, entire. Length of body, male, 15.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 6.25 mm., female, 7.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 3.25 min., female, 4.25 min. ; hind femora, male, 8.75 mm., female, 11 mm. Highty-six males, 105 females. Speckled Mountain, Stoneham, Oxford County, Maine, August 15, 8S. I. Smith; the same, August 18, A. P. Morse (A. P. Morse; Museum Comparative Zoology; S. H. Scud- der); Mount Sargent, Mount Desert Island, Maine, August; Kearsarge Mountain, North Conway, Carroll County, New Hampshire, 2,000 to 3,251 feet, September 4 (A. P. Morse). It has also been repoited by MeNeill from Running Lake, Illinois. 45. MELANOPLUS CANCRI, new species. (Plate XIV, fig. 10.) Of small size, testaceous. Head not prominent, uniformly testaceous, except in being darker above along the middle line in the male, and with a narrow postocular biack stripe; vertex gently tumid, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes hardly as wide as (male) or scarcely half as wide again as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, narrowly sulcate, at least 220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. a! in the male, broadening a little anteriorly; frontal costa faintly wider than the interspace between the eyes, equal, fading just before the clypeus, feebly suleate at and below the ocellus, punctate above; eyes rather large and rather prominent, particularly in the male, half as long again as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae (?). Prono- tum feebly enlarging on the metazona, the lateral lobes with only broken signs of a postocular dark band on the prozona, the disk very broadly convex, passing by a distinct rounded angle, forming a feeble lateral carina, into the rounded subvertical lateral lobes; median carina distinet but slight on the metazona, subobsolete or obsolete on the pro- zona; front margin truncate, hind margin strongly obtusangulate; prozona feebly transverse, but little longer than the densely and not very finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, rather slender, at least in the male, conical, erect; interspace between meso- sternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad (male) or quadrate (female). Tegmina as long as or slightly longer than the pronotum, ovate, moder- ately broad, attingent or overlapping, apically acuminate. Fore and middle femora a little tumid in the male; hind femora not very long, somewhat compressed, uniform light testaceous, with fuscous genicular are; hind tibiae light testaceous, the apical half of the spines black, nine to ten in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen hardly clavate, a little recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, with acutangulate apex, the surface nearly plane, except that it sweeps up to the sharp, elevated, and apically united submedian ridges inclosing a very narrow and deep median sulcus, which crosses two-thirds of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, small, triangular denticulations, no longer than the last dorsal segment, overlying the ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci small, subfalciform, tapering to two- thirds the basal width on proximal half, beyond equal, bent a little inward and curved upward, exteriorly sulcate, apically rounded, much shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, feebly sub- conical, projecting slightly, the apical margin rising very feebly to an obscure apical tubercle, and as seen from above with a paraboli¢ curve, entire. Length of body, male, 14 mmn., female, 20 mm.; tegmina, male, 3.5 mm., female, 5.5 mm.; hind femora, female, 12 mm. One male, 1 female. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, J. Xantus. The single pair are somewhat broken and have been bleached in alcohol, so that the colors of the above description will have to be revised with fresh material. 12, DAWSONI SERIES. This group is composed of rather heterogeneous material if the ma- cropterous forms alone are considered, and is even more loosely com- pacted when the brachypterous species are mingled with them. In size they range from rather small to medium. A single species is dimorphic, being both brachypterous and macropterous. NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 227 The prozona is quadrate or subquadrate in the male, but in some brachypterous forms longitudinal. The interspace between the meso- sternal lobes in the same sex is always longer than broad and sometimes more than twice as long as broad. The tegmina are either fully devel. oped or slightly abbreviate so as not to surpass the hind femora, or else they are shorter than the pronotum, and then apically rounded or very bluntly subacuminate, generally slightly maculate. The hind tibiae vary in color, and have from nine to thirteen spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate of the male is generally as in the femur-rubrum series, but the apical third or more is frequently depressed. The fur- cula is very variable, being either as in the devastator series, but gen- erally rather shorter, or reduced to distant slight dentations or to rounded partially projecting lobes. The cerciare generally symmetric- ally rounded at tip and otherwise as in the femur-rubrum series, or with very slight difference in breadth basally and apically, usually rather short, and in one instance bent abruptly inward at less than a right angle. The subgenital plate is usually broad throughout, the apical margin well rounded and slightly elevated but not emarginate, but sometimes it is rather narrow throughout and not apically elevated. The species of this group, seven in number, are divided unequally between macropterous and brachypterous forms, one species. being di- morphic, four others brachypterous, and two macropterous. They occur almost wholly in the great interior region between the Mississippi tiver and the Rocky Mountains, and extend from Alberta and Assini- boia to central Mexico. No species are known from the Pacific Coast and only one east of the Mississippi, in Georgia and North Carolina. 46. MELANOPLUS REFLEXUS, new species. (Plate XV, fig. 1.) - Dull ferruginous brown, lutescent below and on abdomen. Head luteo-testaceous, more or less marmorate with light fuscous, fusco-ferrug- inous above, with a broad postocular piceous patch; vertex very gently tumid, not elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, much broader than, in the female twice as broad as, the first antennal joint; fastigium rather rapidly declivent, very feebly and broadly suleate in the male, nearly plane in the female; frontal costa broad, failing to reach the clypeus, slightly contracted above, at least in the male, almost (female) or fully (male) as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly and narrowly suleate at and below the ocel- lus, punctate throughout but nowhere seriately; eyes moderately large, not prominent, a little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferruginous, in the female less than two-thirds as long as the hind femora. Pronotum short, subequal, very faintly and uniformly enlarging posteriorly, rather full than contracted in the middle, very Zoe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. feebly tectate above, passing by a well-rounded angle into the inferiorly vertical lateral lobes, ferruginous brown above, fading out on the meta- zona into ferruginous, luteo-testaceous below; front margin subtrun- cate, hind margin broadly convex; median carina percurrent, slight, the transverse sulci of the prozona slight and not cutting the median carina; prozona longitudinal, very sparsely and feebly punctate, about a third longer than the finely and densely punctate metazona. Pro- sternal spine short, appressed cylindrical, blunt, strongly retrorse; interspace between mesosternal lobes more than twice as long as broad (male) or subquadrate (female), the metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or subapproximate (female). Tegmina broad oval, shorter than the pronotum, very broadly rounded apically, overlapping, wood-brown, with a basal blackish fuscous cloud in the costal area. Femora luteo- ferruginous, the fore pair feebly tumid in the male, the hind pair dull ferruginous on the upper face, feebly and irregularly blotched or freck- led with light fuscous on the outer and inner faces, flavous or vinous beneath, the genicular are and most of the geniculation black; hind tibiae glaucous-green, the spines black with pallid bases, ten in num- ber in the outer series. Thoracic pleura piceous, with the front face of the mesothoracie episterna and the ridge of the metathoracic epimera luteo-testaceous. Abdomen testaceous, with the sides, especially of basal segments, piceous or blackish fuliginous; extremity in the male clavate, well upturned, the supraanal plate broad triangular, the apex rectangulate but compressed so that the sides are sinuate, the lateral halves very broadly and very shallowly sulecate, the median sulcus broad at base, narrowing as far as the middle and thereafter narrow and percurrent, its lateral walls sharp and high only in the basal por- tion; furcula consisting of a pair of lobate distant expansions of the middle of the last dorsal segment, resting upon the outer side of the base of the marginal ridges of the median sulcus of the supraanal plate; cerci moderately broad, straight, slightly tapering, flat on the external face, which is a little more than twice as long as the median breadth, then abruptly recurved inward, leaving a ragged, concave ter- minal edge, the reversed flange a little longer than broad, apically rounded, deeply excavated, pressing against the compressed portion of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, considerably longer than broad, not prolonged, of equal width throughout, except for a feeble apical elevation, forming a small blunt tubercle. . Length of body, male, 16.75 mm., female, 21.5 mm.; antennae, female, 7.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 4 mm., female, 4.75 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.25 mm., female, 12.5 mm. One male, one female. Ciudad del Maiz, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer. The character of the cerci with their reversed apex distinguishes this species at a glance from all other Melanopli. NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 223 —- 47. MELANOPLUS MERIDIONALIS, new species. (Plate XV, fig. 2.) Fusco-ferruginous, more or less lutescent beneath. Head not promi- nent, fusco-ferruginous above, elsewhere dark olivaceous, except a piceous postocular band, the vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, much broader than, in the female fully half as broad again as, the first autennal joint; fastigium rapidly declivent, abruptly broadened in front, very shallowly sulcate throughout; frontal costa broad, sub- equal, slightly contracted above in the male, failing to reach the elypeus, rather broader than the interspace between the eyes, feebly suleate at and below the ocellus, densely punctate; eyes of moderate size, mod- erately prominent in the male, longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferruginous, slightly infuscated apically, about three-fourths (male) or nearly two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum fusco-ferruginous above, luteous or olivaceo-luteous on the lower half of the lateral lobes, the upper half on the prozona brownish fuscous, deepening below into piceous, or wholly dull piceous; subequal, scarcely expanding on the metazona, the disk broadly con- vex, passing almost insensibly, but with a very bluntly rounded angle, into the vertical lateral lobes, the median carina slight, percurrent, and similar throughout; transverse sulci feeble, not cutting the median carina; prozona very sparsely and feebly punctate, longitudinal (male) or longitudinally subquadrate (female), one-third (male) or one fourth (female) longer than the obscurely and finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long (male) or rather short (female), conico-cylindrical, appressed, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad (male) or slightly transverse (female). Tegmina broad oval, shorter than the pronotum, apically broadly rounded and slightly emarginate, brownish fuscous. Hind femora fusco-ferruginous, the upper carinae often fuscous, the inferior basal half of the outer face often gradually lutescent, the inferior face and base of inner face fulvous or roseate, the geniculation, including most or all of the lower genicular lobe, blackish; hind tibiae glaucous, often more or less diffusely infuscated basally, sometimes lutescent apically, clothed with rather long pile, the spines black with pallid base, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of the male abdomen clavate, much upturned, the supraanal plate broad tri- angular, with nearly straight, narrowly and slightly raised lateral margins, slightly depressed faintly acutangulate tip, and a short, tri- angular, rather deeply impressed, basal, median sulcus; furcula con- sisting of a pair of rather large, thickened, brief, lobate expansions of the last dorsal segment, overlying the bases of the apically convergent ridges, which bound the median sulcus of the supraanal plate; cerci 224. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. very simple, being slightly incurved, but otherwise straight and sub- equal laminae, a little more than three times as long as broad, tapering feebly for a short distance from the base and apically expanding in the slightest degree, the apical margin broadly rounded; subgenital plate a little longer than broad, a little prolonged and slightly elevated apically, the apical margin angulate, but rounded and entire. Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 7 mm., female, 7.5 min.; tegmina, male, 3.5 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 12: mm. Three males; 8 females. Mount Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer. 48. MELANOPLUS MILITARIS, new species. (Plate XV, fig. 3.) Blackish fuscous above with some ferruginous tints, pallid below. Head not prominent or feebly so in the male, blackish fuscous above, sometimes heavily irrorate with testaceous, the rest, except a rather narrow postocular piceous band, very pallid plumbeous, sometimes with a pinkish hue, the genae more or less flecked with fuscous posteriorly; vertex gently tumid, distinctly elevated above the pronotum, the inter- space between the eyes rather broad, nearly or quite twice as broad as the first antennal joint, similar in the two sexes; fastigium rapidly declivent, shallowly suleate; frontal costa only moderately broad, as broad as(female) or slightly narrower than (male) the interspace between the eyes, subequal, just failing to reach the clypeus, slightly sulcate at and below the ocellus, rather feebly punctate; eyes not very large, rather prominent in the male, rather shorter than the infraocular por- tion of the genae; antennae fusco-luteous or fusco-ferruginous, more than three-fourths (male) or less than three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum dull testaceous, very heavily sprinkled with blackish fuscous above, especially on the prozona, sometimes so as to become almost wholly blackish fuscous, the metazona ferruginous, the upper half of the lateral lobes with a sometimes broken, broad, piceous band, which fades partially or completely on the metazona, the whole pronotum short, equal on the prozona, enlarging gradually and slightly on the metazona, the disk very broadly convex and passing almost insensibly but with a very broadly rounded angle into the vertical (ale) or subvertical (female) lateral lobes; front margin truncate, hind margin broadly convex with a feeble angulation in the male; median caripa feeble on the metazona, subobsolete on the prozona; transverse sulci of the prozona tolerably distinct, percurrent; prozona quadrate, about a fourth longer than the obscurely punctate metazona. Pro- sternal spine short, stout, very blunt, conical, erect, in the female a little appressed; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad (male) or strongly transverse, nearly as broad as the lobes No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. QI5 hd (female). Tegmina short, sublanceolate, lateral, shorter than the pro- notum, the tip rounded, subangulate, brownish fuscous, blackish at the base of the discoidal area. Hind femora pallid testaceous, very transversely and narrowly bifasciate with blackish fuscous, the inferior face and lower half of interior face roseate and unbroken, the genicu- lation black; hind tibiae red, the spines black almost or quite to the base, nine to ten in number in the outer series. Abdomen sordid pale testaceous, heavily overlaid or blotched with blackish fuscous, the extremity in the male feebly clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal plate triangular, with convex sides, rectangular apex, the mesial region broadly elevated in more than the basal half and with a median closed sulcus of considerable depth, the sides of the plate also basally elevated, so that two lateral valleys are formed with synclinal sides; furcula consisting of a pair of slender, a little divergent, tapering, acuminate spines, crossing the basal third of the supraanal plate; cerci rather snall, rapidly tapering in the basal half by the excision of the upper margin (much more rapidly than shown in the figure), beyond subequal and arcuate, being a little upturned, narrowed and well rounded apically, not at all incurved, as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, much longer than broad, not at all produced apically and elevated only at extreme tip and slightly, the apical margin well rounded, entire. Length of body, male, 17.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 7.5 mm., female, 6.5 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 3.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.1 mm., female, 11.75 mm. One male, 1 female. Soldier, Logan County, Idaho (L. Bruner). 49. MELANOPLUS NIGRESCENS. (Plate XV, fig. 4.) ? Pezotettix zimmermanni SAUSSURE, Rey. Mag. Zool., 1861 (1861), p. 159; Orth. Nov. Amer., II (1861), p. 9.—THomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 150.—BRUNER, Rep. U. 8S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59. ? Podisma zimmermanni WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., LV (1870), p. 718. Caloptenus nigrescens SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), p. 27; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p.5; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 44. Pezotettix nigrescens SCUDDER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75. Melanoplus nigrescens SCUDDER, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 84.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 61. Dull wood-brown, the sides and tegmina marked with black. Anten- nae reddish brown, a little infuscated at the tip; front of head more or less infuscated, the upper border of the eye margined by a pale yellow- ish stripe, followed inferiorly behind the eye by a more or less distinct, broad, blackish belt, which extends upon the pronotum, where it infus- cates the upper third of the lateral lobes, especially anteriorly, and deepens to black next the lateral carinae; metathoracic epimera yellow. ish or pale yellowish brown, edged on either side with black. Anal Proc. NM. vol: xx 15 226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xx. field of tegmina testaceous, the remainder black, the extreme tip testa- ceous. Fore and middle legs dull fusco-testaceous; hind femora yellow, more or less tinged with brownish, with a broad black band on either side of the middle, whose edges follow the impressed lines, the basal one sending a median shoot to the base; hind tibiae vinous red, a little infuseated at the base, the spines black, ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Vertex gently tumid, a little elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes broader than (female) or scarcely as broad as (male) the basal joint of the antennae; fastigium rapidly declivent, broadly and shallowly suleate; frontal costa broad, subequal, sulcate throughout excepting just above the antennae; eyes pretty large, a little prominent in the male, shorter than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae about as jong as (male) or two-thirds as long as (female) the hind femora. Pronotum with equal sides, the transverse sulci moderate, continuous, nearly straight, the median carina distinct on the metazona, the disk separated from the lateral lobes by a distinct but bluntly rounded angle; front margin subtruncate, faintly emarginate in the female, hind margin very obtusely angulate; prozona Jongitudi- nal (male) or subquadrate (female), about a fourth longer than the ruguloso- punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, cylindrical, apically tapering but blunt, retrorse, in the female appressed and stouter; interspace between mesosternal lobes half as long again as broad (male) or quadrate (female). Tegmina only half as long as the abdomen, longer than the pronotum, tapering, the inner margin convex, apically subacuminate; wings slightly shorter. Hind femora stout and long. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, a little upturned, the supra- anal plate triangular, with convex sides, acutangulate apex, and a percurrent, net very deep, median sulcus; furcula consisting of a pair of slight approximate spines overlying the ridges bordering the suleus of the supraanal plate; cerci moderate in size, compressed, tapering and straight on the middle half, with an obscure inner superior basal tubercle, beyond the middle bent inward and a little upward, equal, the tip squarely truncate with rounded angles; subgenital plate small, longer tlian broad, slightly elevated and feebly prolonged at apex, forming a slight tubercle. Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 26.5 mm.; antennae, male, 13 mm., female, 11 mm.; tegmina, male, 9 mm., female, 9.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.5 mm., female, 16.5 mm. One male, three females. Georgia, Morrison; Smithville, North Carolina, November 22, It seems very probable that this species is the Pezotettix zimmermannit of Saussure, described from the female only, but I find it impossible to determine from the description. If it should so prove, of course the name has priority over the one here employed. ~~ No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 7 50. MELANOPLUS DAWSONI. (Plates I, fig. a; XV, fig. 5.) Pezotettix dawsoni SCUDDER!, Daws. Rep. Geol. Rec. 49th Par. (1875), p. 343; Butt. Orth. N. A. Bound. Comm. (1875), p. 3; Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.—Catct- FIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71; Can. Rec. Se., If (1887), p. 401; Can. Orth. (1887), p. 13. Pezotettix tellustris SCUDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p. 502; Aun. Rep. Geogr. Sury. 100th Mer., 1876 (1876), p. 282; Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.—BRUNER, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III, (1883), p. 59. Pezotettiz abditum DopGE!, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 1138.—ScuppER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.—BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p. 27. Melanoplus abditum OSBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad, Sce., I, Pt. 11 (1892), p. 118. Obscure fusco testaceous. Head slightly prominent in the male only, olivaceo-testaceous, infuscated above, with a broad piceous, post- ocular band; vertex tumid, distinctly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, at least twice as broad as the fiist antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, plane, the lateral margins feebly and broadly elevated; frontal costa broad, subequal, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, fading out before reaching the clypeus, above plane (male) or feebly convex (female), at and below the ocellus slightly sulcate, everywhere punctate, with a tend- ency above to a biseriate arrangement; eyes not very large, not prominent, scarcely longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferruginous, four-fifths (male) or three fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotumsubequal (male) or distinctly compressed above anteriorly (female), short, the disk transversely a little convex and passing into the vertical lateral lobes by a rounded angle, which is nevertheless so abrupt as to form, at least in the male, tolerably dis- tinct lateral carinae; lateral lobes lighter colored below than the disk, above on the prozona a broad, lustrous, dark colored band, sometimes obsolete, sometimes deepening to piceous; median carina slight, per- current, equal, but blunter on the prozona than on the metazona; front margin feebly convex, with a slight mesial emargination not always distinct, hind margin obtusangulate equally in macropterous and brachypterous forms; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or quad- rate or subquadrate (female) a third to a fourth longer than the more closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine very short and blunt, rather stout, somewhat transverse; interspace between mesosternal lobes half as long again as broad (male) or a little transverse (female). Tegmina brownish fuscous, more or less feebly flecked with fuscous and either greatly surpassing the hind femora, moderately broad and subequal nearly to the well rounded tip (. d. completus, Plate I, fig. a), or ovate-lanceolate, apically subacuminate, a little longer than the pronotum only (J. d. tellustris); wings when fully developed ample, hyaline, with pale brownish fuscous veins, paler and sometimes wholly pallid in the anal area. Fore femora of male very feebly enlarged; apres PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. hind femora luteo- or ferrugineo-testaceous, very obliquely and broadly bifasciate with blackish fuscous above and outside, with a basal patch of the same, the whole sometimes reduced to mere clouds, the genicu- lar are and sometimes the whole geniculation blackish fuscous; hind tibiae wholly red, the spines black except at base, ten to thirteen in number in the outer series. [Extremity of male abdomen a little cla- vate, upturned, the supraanal plate small, subclypeate, much longer than broad, the lateral margins elevated a little and broadly on the basal half, the apex subrectangulate, a little rounded, the median sulcus not deep, percurrent, with sharp but low bounding walls in the basal half; furcula consisting of a pair of subparallel, slender, tapering, acuminate, flattened fingers, seated on rather tumid bases (forming part of the last dorsal segment), lying outside the ridges of the supra- anal plate, and extending about halfway across it; cerci small feebly falciform lamellae, tapering on the basal half only and well rounded at tip, gently incurved and almost as long as the supraanal plate; infra- cercal plates large, scarcely longer than the sup:aanal plate, almost completely concealed by the recumbent cerci; subgenital plate small, broad but longer than broad, subpyramidal, being apically compressed, the apical margin slightly elevated and subtubercular, entire. Length of body (WV. d. tellustris\, male, 16 mm., female, 18.5 mm.; antennae, male, 7.5 mm., female, 6.25 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 5.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 9 mm., female, 10.5mm. Length of body (VM. d. completus), male, 14.5 min., female, 17.5 mm.; antennae, male, 7 mm., female, 6 mm. (est.); tegmina, male, 15 mm., female, 16 mm.; hind femora, male, 8.75 mm., female, 10 mm. Thirty-four males, 42 females. Fort McLeod, Alberta, Canada, August (L. Bruner; U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Souris River, Assini- boia, G. M. Dawson; Montana (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Dakota (same; S. H. Seudder); Clifford, Traill County, North Dakota (LL. Bruner); Custer, Black Hills, South Dakota, Bruner (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Wyoming, Morrison (same); St. Paul, Minnesota, August 27, Whitman (same); Red River, Manitoba, R. Kennicott; Dallas County, Iowa, August, J. A. Allen; Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa, July 20-24, Allen; Crawford County, and Denison, Crawford County, Towa, July 10-24, Allen; Nebraska, Dodge (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection ; S. Henshaw; S. H. Scudder); Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska, September (L. Bruner); Fort Robinson, Dawes County, Nebraska, August 21, Bruner (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Colorado, Morrison (same; S. H. Scudder); Northern New Mexico, Lieutenant Carpenter Allen found the species in Iowa in grass on prairies. There are two very distinct forms of this species, differing however ouly in the length of the organs of flight, the tegmina being abbreviated and subacuminate at tip in the form M. d. tellustris. (retaining the second oldest name for the form incapable of flight), and fully developed. broad and ample, greatly surpassing the hind femora and well rounded ¥ No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 229 apically in that to which the name JM. d. completus may be given. The latter appears to be rarer and has so far been found only in Dakota and at Red River, Manitoba. We owe its discovery to Professor Bruner. 51. MELANOPLUS GLADSTONI, new species. (Plates I, fig. b; XV, fig. 6.) Melanoplus gladstoni BRUNER!, MS. Very dark testaceous, much infuscated, especially above. Head not prominent, luteo-castaneous, more or less clouded or blotched with fuscous, above wholly fuscous, with a narrow, posteriorly broadening, testaceous stripe, following the posterior upper edge of the eye and separating the vertex from a piceous or blackish fuscous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, very slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, nearly (male) or fully (female) twice as broad as the basal antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, broadly suleate throughout; frontal costa rather prominent, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, equal, percurrent or almost pereurrent, punctate especially laterally, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus; eyes moderately large, not very prominent, anteriorly sub- truncate, a little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteo-ferruginous, gradually and slightly infuscated apically, about three-fourths (male) or two thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, feebly enlarging on the metazona, ferru- gineo-testaceous, much infuscated on the disk, the lateral lobes with a broad, more or less distinct, dark, sometimes piceous band crossing the prozona above; disk nearly plane, passing by a tolerably distinct but rounded angle into the anteriorly slightly tumid vertical lateral lobes; median carina slight, percurrent, somewhat feebler and blunter on the prozona than on the metazona; front margin subtruncate, hind margin obtusangulate; prozona quadrate, sometimes feebly longitudinal in the male, scarcely if any longer than the closely but feebly punctate meta- zona. Prosternal spine rather stout, moderately long, appressed conical, blunt, feebly retrorse; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully half as long again as broad (male) or slightly transverse (female). Tegmina reaching and sometimes a little surpassing the tips of the hind femora, moderately slender, distinctly tapering, brownish fuscous, distinctly but not conspicuously maculate in the discoidal area; wings hyaline, with mostly brownish fuscous veins. Fore femora of male not greatly tumid; hind femora flavo-testaceous, twice broadly and very obliquely banded with blackish fuscous, with a basal patch of the same, a!l some- times confluent on the outer face, which it then nearly fills, the lower face and lower half of inner face immaculate, the genicular are black; hind tibiae faintly valgate, red with an inconspicuous fuscous patellar spot, the spines black except their pallid bases, ten to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen 230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. clavate, upturned, the supraanal plate rather long triangular, with tolerably straight sides, slightly and broadly elevated in the basal half, acutangulate apex, the whole apical half at a slightly lower plane than the basal, the median sulcus rather broad and distinct, with rather sharp walls, terminating with the upper shelf; furcula consisting of a pair of slight, distant, slender denticulations, lying outside the ridges of the supraanal plate, much shorter than the last dorsal segment; cercl subequal, punctate, compressed laminae, about four times as long as broad, feebly and broadly constricted mesially, the apical portion scarcely so broad as the base, and gently incurved, somewhat suleate, the tip well rounded but subangulate inferiorly, reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, a little broader at base than aut apex, feebly compressed apically and faintly elevated, the apical margin well rounded, entire. Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male and female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 16 mm.; hind femora, male, 1% mm., female, 13.25 mm. Highteen males, 9 females. Medicine Hat, Assiniboia, September, (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection; L. Bruner); Montana (Ll. Bruner); Gordon, Sheridan County, Nebraska (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Fort Robin- son, Dawes County, Nebraska, August 21, L. Bruner (same); Custer County, Colorado, T. D. A. Cockerell (same). Colorado and Nebraska specimens appear to have the male cerci slightly broader apically than those from farther north and may prove distinct. 52. MELANOPLUS PALMER], new species. (Plate XV, fig. 7.) Grayish or brownish fuscous, darker above than below. Head not prominent, testaceous, sometimes ferrugineo-testaceous, more or less flecked with fuscous, which prevails above and appears in a broad post- ocular band; vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above the prono- tum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, much broader than (male) or twice as broad as (female) the basal antennal joint; fastigiuin steeply declivent, sulecate throughout; frontal costa rather prominent, equal, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, pereurrent, suleate atand below the ocellus, feebly punctate; eyes rather large, moderately prominent in the male, distinetly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous or luteo-testaceous, about four-fifths (male) or two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora, Pronotum subequal, enlarging a very little posteriorly, the lower half of the lateral lobes cleaner and brighter in color than the rest, the prozona with a more or less distinct but sometimes nearly obsolete postocular blackish fuscous band; disk passing by a well-rounded angle into the vertical lateral lobes, the median carina distinct on the metazona only, almost wholly obsolete on the prozona; front margin truncate, hind margin feebly i § ‘ : No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 231 obtusangulate; prozona a little longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), generally a little (male) or no (female) longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine erect, conico-cylindrical, rather long, bluntly pointed, in the female slightly compressed; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly twice (male) or a little (female) longer than broad. Tegmina surpassing considerably the hind femora, slender, tapering gently in apical half, brownish fuscous, almost the whole dis- coidal area maculate with fuscous with varying distinctness and deli- cacy; wings ample, hyaline, the anterior veins and cross-veins fuscous, Fore femora of male tolerably tumid; hind femora rather short and moderately stout and compressed, dull testaceous, rather broadly bifasciate, at least above, with blackish fuscous, the base and apex also infuscated, the under surface a little warmer in tint; hind tibiae very delicate pale green, the spines black from a little before their middle, nine to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, upturned, the supraanal plate tolerably flat, triangular with straight sides, acutangulate apex, the median sulcus percurrent, with low bounding ridges which die out apically; fureula consisting of a pair of divergent, flattened, tapering, acuminate fingers, which hardly cross the basal third of the supraanal plate; cerci mod- erately large and broad, compressed, incurved laminae, a little more than three times as long as broad, a very little contracted mesially, the apical portion with its well-rounded tip more or less externally suleate and narrower than the basal portion, reaching nearly to the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate broad but not so broad as long, apically a little elevated, the apical margin well rounded, a little thickened and entire. Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male, 11.5 mm., female, 10 mm.; tegmina, male, 21 mm., female, 22 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.25 mm., female, 15.25 mm. Four males, 4 females. Fort Wingate, Bernalillo County, New Mexico (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona, KH. Palmer. 13. RUSTICUS SERIES. This is a tolerably homogeneous group in which the prozona of the male varies from quadrate to distinctly longitudinal and in which the mesosternal lobes of the same sex are separated by an interspace which is rarely a little transverse, usually quadrate or subquadrate, and rarely as much as nearly half as long again as broad. The hind border of the pronotum is usually very obtusangulate, and the tegmina always abbreviate, usually about as long as the pronotum. The hind tibiae are usually red, rarely pale greenish, with usually ten to eleven spines in the outer series, but sometimes nine or twelve, and in one case only seven spines may be found in the female. The male abdomen is usually more or less clavate and recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, its median suleus inclosed by high walls 23? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. which generally terminate beyond the middle; the furcula is usually developed as slight, tapering denticulations only, and in one case these disappear, but sometimes they are longer so as to be nearly or quite a fourth as long as the supraanal plate; the cerei are simple blades of moderate breadth, generally a little arcuate, tapering a little in the proximal, subequal in the distal half and rounded apically, not reach- ing the tip of the supraanal plate; the subgenital plate is small and the lateral and apical margins usually on the same plane, except for a slight apical elevation or angulation which may take the form of a tubercle, but in one species this also is wanting. The species, mostly of medium or small size and seven in number, have a tolerably wide range in the western portion of the continent, from Washington, South Dakota, and Michigan to southern California, Texas, and Mexico; but with a single exception (Montana), the same district does not support two species. One species is fuund about and near the upper Mississippi, a second along the eastern border of the Rocky Mountains from Montana to New Mexico, a third in Montana, a fourth in Washington, and the others respectively in southern Cali- fornia, Texas, and Mexico. 53. MELANOPLUS MONTANUS. (Plate XV, fig. 8.) Platyphyma montana THOMAS!, Rep. U.S. Geol. Sury. Terr., V (1873), p. 155.— GLOVER, I]. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1874), pl. xvi, fig. 11.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., ILI (1883), p. 58. Of medium size, blackish fuscous with a ferruginous tinge. Head not prominent, fusco-_plumbeous, the mouth parts paler, blackish fuscous above, with a broad postocular piceous band; vertex somewhat tumid, somewhat elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes fully half as broad again (male) or fully twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, deeply (male) or rather shallowly (female) sulcate throughout; frontal costa lost before the clypeus, subequal, rather narrower than the interspace between the eyes, slightly (male) or distinctly (female) sulecate at and for a brief distance below the ocellus, rather heavily punctate throughout, the larger puncta above the ocellus arranged biseriately and laterally; eyes not very prominent but a little more so in the male than in the female, of moderate size, as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; anten- nae nearly as jong as the hind femora in the male. Pronotum subequal, feebly expanding posteriorly in the female, the lower portion of the lateral iobes dull dark testaceous in contrast to the piceous band of the upper half, which is not lost (though obscured) on the metazona, the disk rather broadly convex, passing (on the prozona insensibly, on the metazona with a rounded shoulder) into the subvertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct on the metazona, obsolete on the prozona; front margin truncate, hind margin broadly obtusangulate, the angle well rounded; prozona feebly longitudinal (male) or transverse (female), v NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 233 a little longer than the rather feebly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, transverse, apically subtruncate; interspace between meso- sternal lobes a little transverse, much narrower than the lobes, alike in both sexes, the metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or rather distant (female). Tegmina abbreviate, about as long as the pronotum, attin- gent, ovato-fusiform, broader in the female than in the male, apically acuminate, blackish ferruginous. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora very dull brownish testaceous, heavily bifasciate with blackish fuscous, the premedian fasciation angulate on the outer face, the whole geniculation, except sometimes the tip of the lower genicular lobe blackish, the inferior face dull flavous; hind tibiae red, the extreme base and a subbasal annulation fuscous, the spines black almost to their very base, ten in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen distinctly clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with slightly convex, basally-raised lateral margins, acutangulate apex and moderately broad and deep equal median sulcus extending over a little more than the basal half of the plate, its bounding ridges sharp and moderately high; fureula con- sisting of a pair of approximate, slight but rather coarse, parallel denticulations, shorter than the last dorsal segment; cerci rather small, subfaleate, being slightly curved upward but not incurved, tapering somewhat in the basal half, beyond equal and two-thirds as broad as the extreme base, the tip well rounded, shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, subconical, apically subtuberculate, moderately narrow, subequal, the margin as seen from above well rounded, entire. Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 26 mm.; antennae, male, 9 mm. ; tegmina, male, 5 mm., female, 5.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 11.5 mm, Three males, 2 females. Montana (L. Bruner; U.S.N.M.—Riley col- lection). I formerly! gave Thomas’s name of this species to J/. monticola, q. v. 54. MELANOPLUS WASHINGTONIANUS. (Plate XV, fig. 9.) Pezotettixc washingtonianus BRUNER!, Can. Ent., XVII, 1885, pp. 14-15. Of medium size, rather stout-bodied, brownish fuscous tinged with ferruginous, flavo-testaceous beneath. Head not prominent, fusco- testaceous with a feeble olivaceous tinge, brownish fuscous above, some- times blotched with testaceous, with a broad postocular piceous band; vertex gently tumid, feebly elevated above the pronotum, the inter- space between the eyes nearly (male) or fully (female) twice as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, deeply (male) or moderately (female) and broadly suleate; frontal costa failing to reach the clypeus, subequal but slightly contracted above, especially in the Appalachia, I, 263. 234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. male, a little narrower than the interspace between the eyes, suleate at and below the ocellus, punctate throughout like the rest of the face and genae; eyes of moderate size, only moderately prominent even in the male, scarcely longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae castaneous becoming slightly infuscated apically, consider- ably more (male) or slightly less (female) than two-thirds as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly enlarging posteriorly, especially in the female, the prozona with a broad postocular piceous band, beneath which the lateral lobes are dull flavo-testaceous, the disk broadly convex, passing by a broadly rounded angulation nowhere forming lateral carinae into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct but very low on the metazona, subobsolete on the prozona except at the extreme front; front margin truncate, hind margin obtus- angulate; prozona quadrate or feebly longitudinal (male) or feebly transverse (female), a little (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately large, stout, appressed conical, very blunt, slightly retrorse; interspace between mesosternal lobes subquadrate, a little longer than broad (male) or transverse, but narrower than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate, about as long as the pronotum, overlapping, broad sub- ovate, the costal margin convex, the apex acuminate, brownish fus- cous, minutely flecked with fuscous. Fore and middle femora consid- erably tumid in the male; hind femora rather robust, testaceous. rather narrowly bifasciate with fuscous, the premedian fasciation angulate on the outer face, the geniculation fuscous, the lower face pale flavous; hind tibiae red, generally rather pale red, with an obscure fuscous patel- lar spot, the spines black beyond their base, ten to eleven, rarely twelve, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, the apex acutangulate, the median sulcus straight, rather narrow and moderately deep, extending over the basal three-fifths of the plate between narrow and sharp ridges, terminating abruptly; furcula con- sisting of a pair of slight spinous denticulations shorter than the last dorsal segment, overlying the base of the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci small, subfalcate, slightly upturned but other- wise straight lamellae, tapering gently from the base nearly or quite to the middle, beyond equal, about two-thirds as broad as the extreme base, apically rounded or subtruncate, much shorter than the supra- anal plate; subgenital plate small, rudely subconical, terminating in a feeble blunt tubercle. Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 8 mm., female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 6.25 mm., female, 6 mm.; hind femora, male, 11 mm., female, 12.25 mm. Four males, 3 females. Loon Lake, Colville Valley, Washington, July 23-25, S. Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology; U.S.N.M.— Riley collection). ‘dl — Po ee eee) no.l24. | $REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 235 55- MELANOPLUS WALSHII, new species. (Plate XV, fig. 10.) Pezotettix scudderi WALSH !, MS. Rather above the medium size, cinereo-fuscous. Head not promi- nent, dull testaceous, more or less infuscated, especially above, with a distinct or obsolete piceous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, feebly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes almost (male) or much more than (female) twice as broad as the first autennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, broadly and moderately (male) or very shallowly (female) suleate; frontal costa hardly reaching the clypeus, equal, a little (male) or distinctly (female) narrower than the interspace between the eyes, faintly and broadly suleate at and below the ocellus, punctate throughout, but above particularly in lat- eral series; eyes not very large, moderately prominent, particularly in the male, the front margin truncate in the female, a little (female) or distinetly (male) longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous, basally lutescent, apically fuscescent, slightly more than two-thirds as long as the hind femora in the female. Pro- notum equal except for a feeble posterior enlargement of the metazona, the sides with a very broad piceous postocular band crossing the pro- zona and, obscurely, also the metazona (male) or with scarcely the slightest trace of the same, but at most a growing depth of tint at the upper limit of the lateral lobes (female), the disk plano-convex, passing into the subvertical lateral lobes by a well but abruptly rounded angu- lation, forming dull lateral carinae; median carina distinct but low on the metazona, obsolete on the prozoua except sometimes a slight appear- ance at extreme front; front margin truncate, hind margin strongly obtusangulate; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or quadrate or subquadrate (female), much longer than, generally half or nearly half as long again as, the ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long and stout, especially in the female, appressed conical, not very blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes truneato- cuneiform, quadrate (male) or distinctly transverse but narrower than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate, a little longer than the pre- hnotum, overlapping, with angularly separated dorsal and lateral fields, particularly in the male, ovate-lanceolate, apically bluntly acuminate, the costal margin rotundato-angulate, cinereo fuscous, the dorsal field often wholly cinereous; wings briefer than the tegmina. Fore and middle femora not greatly tumid in the male; hind femora testaceous or luteo-testaceous, rather broadly and distinetly bifasciate with fus- cous or blackish fuscous, sometimes suffused on the upper face, the inferior face pale reddish, the genicular are black; hind tibiae bright red, at extreme base infusecated, with a fuscous patellar spot, followed beyond by a broad but not very conspicuous pallid annulus, the spines 236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. black beyond the base, ten to eleven, rarely nine or twelve, in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen rather strongly clavate, consider- ably recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, with feebly elevated lateral margins and bluntly acutangulate apex, the median sulcus nar- row, deep, and equal, between high but rounded walls, terminating a little beyond the middle of the plate and leaving the tip cochlearate; furcula consisting of a pair of minute slender denticulations overlying the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci subequal, tapering in the basal fourth only, beyond enlarged to the slightest degree, gently incurved throughout but otherwise nearly straight, feebly sulcate exte- riorly at the rounded apex, falling well short of the tip of the supra- anal plate; subgenital plate small, narrowed feebly in the middle of either side, the apical margin gradually and gently elevated, entire, wel! rounded as seen from above. Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, female, 10.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 7 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; hind femora, iale, 11 mm., female, 15 mm. One male, 7 females. Michigan, M. Miles; Rock Island, Illinois, B. D. Walsh; Dallas County, lowa, August, J. A. Allen. This species was determined in 1865 by the late B. D. Walsh as Pez. scudderi Uhler, described from the same place but quite distinct. Itis possible that the two sexes here described belong to two different spe- cies, as there is considerable and unusual difference between them in the shape of the eye and the character of the postocular band; but they agree so well otherwise, and show the same pallid annulus on the hind tibiae, that I regard them as the same. If distinct, the name here applied should be given to the female, as only the female was received from Walsh. The male comes from Michigan. 56. MELANOPLUS ALTITUDINUM. (Plate XVI, fig. 1.) Pezotettix marshallii ScuppER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p. 502; Ann. Rep. Geogr. Surv. 100th Mer., 1876 (1876), p. 282. 2 Pezotettix altitudinum ScupDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 86; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 75. Pezotettix sanguinipes BRUNER!, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Se., II (1893), p. 27—undescr, Of medium (male) or moderately large (female) size, there being unusual disparity between the sexes, blackish griseous, ferrugineo-testa- ceous beneath. Head not prominent, ferrugineo-testaceous below, pass- ing into blackish fuscous above, with a broad, piceous postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, elevated but little above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes nearly twice (male) or nearly thrice (female) as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium not very steeply decli- vent, rather deeply (inale) or very shallowly (female) sulcate; frontal costa failing to reach the clypeus, equal or subequal, much narrower than the interspace between the eyes, sulcate at and below the ocellus particularly in the male, punctate throughout like the rest of the face Weey Oat No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 237 and genae; eyes not very large, moderately (female) or distinctly (male) prominent, scarcely longer (male) or a little shorter (female) than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae castaneous, apically fus- cescent, a little more than (male) or about (female) two thirds as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, feebly and gradually enlarging posteriorly, the lateral lobes with a broad piceous postocular band con- fined to the prozona and sometimes followed beneath by lighter spots, the disk plano-convex, passing into the vertical lateral lobes by a dis- tinct but rounded angulation forming dull lateral carinae, most distinct on the posterior section of the prozona; median carina distinet and moderately high on the metazona, subobsolete on the prozona, often obsolete between the sulci; front margin truncate, hind margin obtus- angulate, the angle broadly rounded in tle female; prozona slightly longitudinal (male) or distinctly transverse (female), considerably (male) or not (female) longer than the ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather short, conical with a blunt point, suberect; interspace between mesosternal lobes subquadrate (male) or transverse, as broad as the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes approximate (imale) or distant (female). Tegmina somewhat abbreviate, attaining about the middle of the hind femora, overlapping, long lanceolate, very roundly acumi- nate at tip, the dorsal field more or less ferrugineo-testaceous, the rest blackish griseous, the whole profusely sprinkled with blackish fuscous spots; wings a little shorter than the tegmina. Fore and middle femora, and especially the latter, a little tumid in the male; hind femora testaceous or ferrugineo-testaceous, rather narrowly bifasciate with blackish fuscous, the geniculation fuscous, the lightest region of the femora being a not very broad, dull flavo-testaceous, pregenicular aunulation, the inferior surface and lower part of inner surface very dark red; hind tibiae dark and generally bright red, with a narrow fuscous patellar annulation, the spines black almost to their very base, ten to eleven, rarely nine, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate tri- angular, the apex acutangulate, the basal half or more of the lateral margins feebly convex and feebly and broadly elevated, the median portion of the basal three-fifths of the plate broadly elevated and pro- vided with a deep and equal median sulcus; furcula consisting of a pair of distant, feeble, blunt denticulations, much shorter than the last dorsal segment; cerci slender, and tapering rapidly on the basal fourth or third, mainly by the excision of the upper margin, beyond subequal, gently incurved and faintly eurved upward, apically rounded, faintly sulcate exteriorly at tip, but failing to reach the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate subconical, nearly as broad as long, apically tuberculate. Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male, 8 mmn., female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male, 9.5 mm., female, 10 mm.; hind femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 13 mm. 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Thirteen males, 16 females. Montana (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Fort Ellis, Montana, July 29-30 (same); Englewood, Lawrence County, South Dakota, Haggard (L. Bruner); Custer, Black Hills, South Dakota, Bruner (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Harneys Peak, South Dakota, 7,000 to 8,000 feet, Bruner (same); Fort McKinney, Johnson County, Wyoming, July (same); Sheridan, Wyoming, August 12, L. Bruner; Poudre River, Colorado, June (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); south- ern Colorado, June 11-20, Lieutenant Carpenter (same; 8S. H. Scudder); Taos Peak, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, New Mexico, 13,000 feet, Car- penter (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection). It is also credited to Pine Ridge, in the extreme northwestern part of Nebraska (Bruner). 57. MELANOPLUS GRACILIPES, new species. (Plate XVI, fig. 2.) Pezotettix gracilipes MCNEILL!, MS. Of small size and slender form, fusco-testaceous, more or less ferru- ginous. Head not prominent, testaceous, more or less heavily and dis- tinctly punctate with fuscous, generally fuscous above, with a broad, fuscous, postocular band; vertex feebly tumid, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes narrow, not (male) or scarcely (female) wider than the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, moderately sulcate; frontal costa fading before the clypeus, equal or subequal, as wide as (female) or slightly wider than (male) the interspace between the eyes, suleate at and below the ocellus, punctate throughout and more or less biseriately; eyes moderately large, rather prominent, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous, about four-fifths (male) or one-half (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly enlarging posteriorly, the lower portion of the lateral lobes testaceous, the upper occupied by a piceous postocular stripe which only crosses the prozona, the disk broadly convex, passing into the subvertical lateral lobes by a rounded but abrupt angulation, which forms very blunt percurrent lateral eari- nae; median carina distinct but low, pereurrent, hardly more distinct on the metazona than on the prozona; front margin faintly convex, hind margin subtruneate but faintly angulate; prozona distinctly lon- gitudinal (male) or transverse (female), more than half as long again as the densely and very distinctly punetate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, erect, appressed, conical, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly half as long again as broad (male) or trans- verse, but much narrower than the lobes (female). ‘Tegmina abbreviate, about as long as the pronotum, broad ovate, attingent, apically angulate, brownish fuscous. Fore and middle femora slightly tumid in the male; hind femora long and slender, dull testaceous, sometimes with a ferra- ginous tinge, more or less sprinkled with fuscous dots, which when most profuse are collected in two oblique fasciations seen most clearly NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 239 on the upper face, the lower face pale red, the geniculation hardly infuseated; hind tibiae pale testaceous with a faint greenish tinge, especially upon the upper half, often minutely flecked with fuscous, the spines pallid at base and black at tip, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate triangular or subhastate with acutangu- late apex, the lateral margins broadly and gently elevated on the basal half, the median sulcus percurrent, deep basally and gradually shallowing; furcula consisting of a pair of parallel, approximate, slen- der, acuminate spines, less than one-fourth the length of the supraanal plate; cerci small, slender, tapering gently on basal third, beyond equal, nearly straight but feebly incurved, well rounded at tip, much Shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, subequal, a little longer than broad, the lateral and apical margins in the same plane, angulate as seen from above. Length of body, male, 14 mm., female, 18 mm.; antennae, male, 7 mm., female, 4.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 4.25 mm., female, 4.5 mm.; hind fem- ora, male, 9 nm., female, 10 mm. Three males, 1 female. Los Angeles, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection; L. Bruner). 58. MELANOPLUS GENICULATUS, new species. (Plate XVI, fig. 3.) Of every small size, fusco-testaceous, the legs and under surface flavous. Head rather prominent, especially in the male, flavous, more or less feebly punctate with fuscous, above with a pair of divergent obscure fuscous stripes; vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes scarcely (male) or only (female) as wide as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, rather deeply sulcate, broadening anteriorly to double the basal width; face considerably oblique, the frontal costa fading just before the clypeus, equal except for a slight contraction above, a little broader than the interspace between the eyes, distinctly sulcate throughout excepting above, feebly and biseriately punctate; eyes large, prominent, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae rufo-testace- ous, almost as long (male) or a little more than two-thirds as long (female) as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal on the prozona, flar- ing a little on the metazona, with no piceous postocular band, the lateral lobes short and nearly unicolorous, the disk broadly convex and passing insensibly into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina faint and slight on the metazona, obsolete on the prozona, especially in the male; front margin truncate or subtruncate, hind margin truncate and very feebly and broadly emarginate; prozona distinetly punctate and transversely rugose, at least in the male, subquadrate, almost twice as long as the densely and rather heavily punctate metazona. Prosternal Spine of moderate size, erect, strongly appressed conical; interspace between mesosternal lobes quadrate (male) or transverse but much 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. narrower than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate, much shorter than the pronotum, lateral and widely distant, obovate, twice as broad as long, well rounded apically. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora uniformly flavous with a faint greenish tinge, the entire geniculation and base of tibiae black; rest of hind tibiae greenish yellow, the spines black beyond the base, seven (female) to nine (male) in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo- men searcely clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate subtri- angular with sinuous sides and rounded subrectangulate apex, the surface subtectate, rising to the sharp submedian ridges which inclose the percurrent but mesially interrupted median suleus; furcula obso- lete, represented by mere disk-like thickenings of the inner portion of the divided halves of the last dorsal segment; cerci small, moderately slender, subequal, nearly straight but ineurved, apically truncate, shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate very small and very short, of very unequal breadth, the lateral and apical margins on the same plane, as seen from above angulate. Length of body, male, 12.25 mm., female, 14.5 mm.; antennae, male, 8 mm., female, 6.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 2.5 min., female, 2 mm.; hind femora, male, 8.75 mm., female, 9 mm. One male, 1 female. Mexico, W. 8. Blatchley. 59. MELANOPLUS RUSTICUS. (Plate XVI, fig.4.) Pezotettix rusticus STAL, Bib. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 13. I have not seen this species, but by the courtesy of Doctor Aurivillius Iam able to give an illustration of the male abdominal appendages. Stal’s description is as follows: Praecedenti [Me]. plebejus] simillimus, differt ocujis nonnihil minoribus, antennis longioribus, vitta laterali pronoti percurrente, forma intervalli sternorum, lobis geni- cularibusfemorum posticorum nigris, tantum apice imo pallidis nee non forma partium analium maris. ¢,9. Long. 20 mill. g. Antennae femoribus posticis vix breviores; oculi majusculi, modice convexi; intervallum loborum mesosternalium anterius Jobis dimidio angustius, retrorsum sensim ampliatum; lobi mesosternales leviter transversi; lobi metasternales fortiter appropinquati; abdomen posterius haud vel vix tumescens, apice levissime recurvum ; segmentum dorsale ultimum e medio lobos duos sat longos, sensim acuminatos, divari- catos, emittens; lamina supraanalis triangularis paullo longior quam basi latior, lateribus leviter rotundatis instructa, apice angulum subacutum formans, sulco lon- gitudinali ante medium distineto, pone medium obsoleto instructa, prope latera longi- tudinaliter impressa; cerci compressi, latiusculi, basi sensim nonnihil angustati, dein ubique aeque lati, posterius extus leviter excavati; lamina subgenitalis brevis, fortiter recurva, sinuato-truncata, macula parva apicali nigra notata. 2. Antennae femoribus posticis nonnihil breviores; oculi minores; lobi mesoster- nales trausversi, intervallo circiter duplo latiores; intervallum loborum mesosternal- ium utrimque sinuatum, prope basin angustius, hine retrorsum ampliatum; lobi metasternales sat distantes.” Patria: Texas. (Mus. Holm.) Stal places this species in his fourth division of the genus Pezotettir, which he regards as equivalent to Paroxya Scudder, and which he defines NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. QAI merely in terms of the abdominal appendages of the male; it is, there- fore, not equivalent to Paroxrya as I formerly defined it and as I here still more closely distinguish it from the other genera. 14. BORCKIL SERIES. A homogeneous group in which the prozona of the male is distinctly longitudinal and from a third to a half longer than the metazona, the posterior margin of the pronotum being subtruncate. The interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex varies from a little longer than broad to twice aslong as broad. ‘The antennae vary considerably in length, but generally differ but little between the two sexes. There is also little diversity between the sexes in the prominence of the eyes. The hind tibiae are dark blue, sometimes purplish, and have nine to twelve spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate is triangular with acutangulate or rectangulate apex; the furcula is reduced to mere projecting points; the cerci are broad and swollen at the base, taper rapidly, and terminate in a slen- der, produced, more or less curling finger; the supraanal plate is either very narrow as compared to its length and then deeply hollowed apic- ally, with a strongly sinuate lateral margin, or it is only a little longer than broad with a nearly straight margin, the apical margin always entire. There are six species, ranging from rather small to a little above the medium size, and they are mainly confined to the Pacific coast from Washington to California. But one of the species occurs also as far inland as Idaho and Wyoming, and another is known from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 60. MELANOPLUS PACIFICUS. (Plate XVI, fig. 5.) Pezotettix pacificus SCUDDER!, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., IT (1881), App., pp. 24-25, pl. XVII, fig. 16.—BRUNER, ibid., III (1883), p. 59. Of medium or slightly less than medium size, ferrugineo-fuscous above, flavo-testaceous beneath. Head scarcely prominent, flavo-tes- taceous, heavily punctate with fuscous, above also faintly clouded with fuscous, with a broad piceous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, a little elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes nearly half as broad again (male) or nearly twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium rather steeply declivent, distinctly (male) or feebly (female) suleate throughout with weak anterior termi- nation; frontal costa subobsolete below, subequal, but above slightly narrowed, about as broad as the interspace between the eyes, a little -suleate at and sometimes a short distance below the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes moderate in size, not very prominent, scarcely more so in the male than in the female, a little longer than the infraocular Proc. N. M. vol. xx——16 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. portion of the genae; antennae luteo-testaceous, gradually darkening from base to apex, nearly two-thirds (male) or three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly expanding pos- teriorly, the disk ferrugineo-fuscous, sometimes testaceous flecked with fuscous, gently convex transversely and passing by an abrupt but rounded shoulder, scarcely forming lateral carinae, into the slightly tumid subvertical lateral lobes; these are flavo-testaceous on the lower, piceous on the upper half, the division line between the colors sharp, arcuate; median carina sharp and distinct on metazona, feeble on prozona, and sometimes obsolete between the sulci; front margin trun- cate, hind margin feebly produced, subtruncate; prozona distantly, coarsely, and shallowly punctate, feebly convex anteroposteriorly, longitudinal, nearly one-half (male) or about one-third (female) longer than the closely and rather finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine small, stout, conical, and rather sharply pointed (male) or blunt (female); interspace between mesosternal lobes fully half as long again as broad (male) or fully half as broad again as long but narrower than the lobes (female); ridge of metathoracic episterna flavous like the mesothoracic, piceous between. ‘Tegmina abbreviate, shorter than the pronotum, in the female scarcely longer than the prozona, very broadly ovate, very broadly rounded apically, attingent or subattingent, brown- ish fuscous, the anal area often cinereous. Fore and middle femora very tumid in the male; hind femora rather stout and plump, ferrugineo- testaceous, sometimes immaculate, sometimes obscurely and brokenly trifasciate with blackish fuscous above, sometimes the whole outer face completely infuseated (the carinae sometimes flavescent), the inferior surface flavous or pale sanguineous, the geniculation feebly infuscated ; hind tibiae very dark glaucous or bronze green, sometimes with a nar- row fuscous patellar annulus, the spines long, pallid on basal, blackish on apical half, ten to eleven, rarely nine or twelve, in the outer series. Abdomen flavous, testaceous or ferruginous, the sides marked with piceous, in the male sharply delimited in a narrowing band; extremity in the male clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate triangu- lar, expanded at extreme base, the apex acutangulate, the lateral mar- gins broadly elevated, the median sulcus very broad at base, rapidly narrowing so that at and beyond the middle it is very slender, the arcuate bounding ridges high and sharp; furcula reduced to the slightly projecting inner angles of the divided halves of the last dorsal segment; cerci strongly compressed, very broad and rounded on basal half, with marginal borders, and a little tumid in the middle, the apical half sub- cylindrical, slender, tapering, pointed, not one-third the width of the base, the whole not more than half as long again as broad and hardly attaining the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate much longer than broad, with very convex lateral margins, deeply hollowed and entire apical margin, the margins quadrate as seen from above. Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 19 mm.; antennae, male, 6.5 NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER,. 243 mm., female, 6.75 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 4 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 11.25 mm. Four males, 7 females. Siskiyou County, California (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Edgewood, Siskiyou County, California (L. Bruner); Sis- sons, Siskiyou County, Packard; Mount Shasta, California (L. Bru- ner); Shasta County, California, June, J. Behrens (same); Santa Cruz Mountains, California (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); mountains near Lake Tahoe, California, September, Henshaw, Wheeler’s Expedition, 1876. This species may readily be confounded with the following; it is a little smaller and somewhat slenderer than J. borekii, and differs also in the points mentioned in the table. 61. MELANOPLUS BORCKII. (Plate XVI, fig. 6.) Acridium ( Podisma) borckii STAL, Orth. Eug. Res, (1861), p. 332. Podisma borckii WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 718. Pezotettix (Melanoplus) borckii STAL, Recens. Orth., I (1873), p. 79. Pezotettix borckii THOMAS, Rep. U.S. Geol. Sury. Terr., V (1873), p. 149.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p.59; Can. Ent., XVII (1885), p.12; Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., IV (1884), p. 58. Of fully medium size, ferrugineo-fuscous, dull testaceous beneath. Head scarcely prominent, flavous, often more or less clouded with fus- cous, above always more or less brownish fuscous, occasionally punctate or streaked with black, rarely with any sign of a postocular band; vertex very gently tumid, feebly elevated above -the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes fully half as broad again (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium moderately decliv- ent, sulcate throughout but more feebly in the female than in the male; frontal costa fading before the clypeus, equal but for the slight narrow- ing above, as broad as the interspace between tlie eyes, slightly sulcate at and sometimes shortly below the ocellus, punctate throughout like the rest of the face and genae; eyes of moderate size, feebly tumid and scarcely more so in the male than in the female, only a little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous or rufous, becom- ing dusky apically, slightly more than half (male) or about three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum distinctly enlarging posteriorly especially in the female, of nearly uniform color but becom- ing dull fusco-testaceous on the lower part of the lateral lobes, and sometimes, and especially in the male, with a broad, dull piceous, post- ocular band confined to the prozona, the disk broadly convex and sep- arated by a distinct and tolerably sharp angulation, forming rather distinct lateral carinae, from the gently tumid but otherwise subvertical laterai lobes; median carina distinct, percurrent but feebler on the pro- zona, and feeblest and sometimes subobsolete between the sulci; front margin truncate or faintly convex, hind margin truncate or feebly rounded, rarely subangulate; prozona distinctly (male) or feebly (female) 244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. longitudinal, feebly convex antero-posteriorly, fully a half (male) or about a third (female) longer than the closely and finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather stout, conical, a little blunter in the female than in the male; interspace between mesosternal lobes longi- tudinally subquadrate or somewhat longer than broad (male) or trans- versely subquadrate or feebly transverse (female). Pleura marked as in MV. pacificus. Tegmina a little or considerably shorter than the prono- tum, broad or very broad oval, attingent or subattingent, well rounded apically, usually half as long again as broad but sometimes little longer than broad, especially in the female, brownish fuscous. Fore and mid- dle femora very tumid in the male; hind femora ferrugineo-fuscous, very obliquely bifasciate with blackish fuscous, the proximal fasciation usually narrow, the distal broad, sometimes more or less suffused on the outer face, the genicular are black, the lower surface sanguineous, though the outer half is sometimes flavous; hind tibiae very dark bluish purple, sometimes dull dark glaucous and then with a broad, subbasal, pallid annulation, the spines long, pallid at base, the apical half or more black, ten to eleven, rarely nine, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, strongly recurved, the supraanal plate precisely as in M. pacificus; furcula as there, but slightly more prominent; cerci broad, somewhat rounded and tumid at base, in the middle third tapering rapidly, the apical third subequal, very slender, incurved and a little arcuate as seen from the side, the tip bluntly pointed and almost attaining the tip of the supraanal plate, scarcely differing from the same parts in JV. pacificus; subgenital plate as there, but the lateral margins rather angulate than rounded at base. Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 24.5; antennae, male, 6.75 mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 4.5 mm., female, 5 mm.; hind femora, male, 13 mm., female, 14 mm. - Hight males, 12 females. California, Ricksecker (S. Henshaw); Cali- fornia, Behrens (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Sonoma and Marin coun- ties, California, Baron Osten Sacken; Sauzalito, Marin County, Cali- fornia, July 26, September, Behrens; Santa Cruz Mountains, California (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Los Angeles, California, Coquillett (L. Bruner); between San Luis Obispo and San Simeon Bay, California, {. Palmer. It has also been reported from Washington, Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming by Bruner. 62. MELANOPLUS TENUIPENNIS, new species. (Plate XVI, fig. 7.) Pezotettix tenuipennis MCNEILL!, MS. Of medium or rather above the medium size, the female robust, rather dark testaceous. Head not prominent, testaceous, feebly and sparsely punctate with fuscous, above sometimes faintly infuscated especially along the middle, and with faint and narrow or no postocular band; No, 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI- SCUDDER. 245 vertex gently tumid, but little elevated above the pronotum, the inter- space between the eyes half as broad again (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium moderately declivent, rather shallowly (male) or scarcely (female) suleate; frontal costa fading before the clypeus, subequal, about as broad as the interspace between the eyes, scarcely sulcate (male) or feebly sulecate at and below the ocellus (female), punctate throughout; eyes moderate in size, not very prominent, only a little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous or rufo-testaceous, more than two-thirds (male) or about one-half (female) as longas the hind femora. Pronotum distinctly enlarging from in front backward particularly in the female, the disk broadly convex, subtectiform, passing by an abrupt angle forming dis- tinct lateral carinae into the anteriorly feebly tumid vertical lateral lobes, the lateral carinae faintly marked with flavous or rufous, followed beneath at least on the prozona with a narrow bordering of black, occa- sionally extending, but generally as a feeble suffusion, over the upper half of the lateral lobes; median carina percurrent, sharp on the meta- zona, dull but distinct on the prozona, except that it is always feebler and sometimes subobsolete between the sulci; front margin truncate, hind margin truncate but mesially emarginate, especially in the female; prozona subequal and distinctly longitudinal (male) or tapering and longitudinally subquadrate (female), fully (male) or less than (female) half as long again as the closely and heavily punctate metazona. Pro- sternal spine long, slender, erect, conical (male) or moderately long, stout, conical, rather blunt, erect (female); interspace between meso- sternal lobes somewhat variable, being from half as long again to fully twice as long as broad (male) or subquadrate either longitudinally or transversely (female). Tegmina much shorter than the pronotum, dis- tant, lateral, elliptical, varying from hardly more than half as long again as broad to more than twice as long as broad, apically well rounded, brownish fuscous. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora rather stout but pretty long, testaceous, gener- ally with feeble remnants of bifasciation with fuscous, especially on the outer face and upper half of inner face, the lower half of the latter with the inferior face sanguineous, the genicular are fuscous; hind tibiae paler or darker glaucous, sometimes a little infuscated, the basal third some- times with a postbasal flavous annulation, the spines pallid on basal, black on apical half, nine to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved, the supra- anal plate triangular with rectangulate apex and straight sides, the surface nearly plane, the median sulcus occupying at base a large flat triangular field (represented far too small in our figure), beyond which it continues to the tip as a feeble slit; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, slight, blunt denticulations; cerei broad at base, tapering pretty regularly and somewhat rapidly, the apical third subequal and very slender, not a fourth the width of the base, a little twisted and 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. incurved, the tip bluntly angulate below, the whole fully twice as long as basal breadth; subgenital plate long and narrow, narrowest in the middle, the lateral margins ampliate and well rounded at the base, and as a whole sinuate, rising again at the apex, the apical margin as seen from behind broadly angulate, entire. Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 26 mm.; antennae, male, 7 nm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm., female, 4.75 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 15.5 mm, Three males, 5 females. Monterey County, California, M. R. Curran (L. Bruner); Los Angeles, Calfornia, Coquillett (same); Los Angeles County, California, Koebele (same); San Bernardino County, Califor- nia, August 18 (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Kern County, Cali- fornia (U.S.N.M.). As there is considerable variation in the slenderness of the tegmina, the name given by MeNeill is not closely applicable. It is possible that the single female from Monterey County does not belong here, as it varies from the others, as indicated in part by the description, in having a subbasal annulus on the hind tibiae, and has considerably broader tegmina than any of the others and hardly any trace of markings on the hind femora. If it is distinct, it indicates an undescribed species of this same series very closely allied to the present. 63. MELANOPLUS MISSIONUM, new species. (Plate XVI, fis. 8.) Of average size, dark, ferrugineo-fuscous. Head feebly prominent, at least in the male, testaceous, heavily punctate with fuscous, above blackish fuscous, enlivened by a testaceous stripe following the margin of the eye posteriorly, and separating the fuscous summit from the broad piceous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, distinctly elevated above the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes nearly (male) or fully (female) half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fastigium somewhat declivent, throughout distinctly (male) or scarcely (female) sulcate; frontal costa rather prominent, almost reaching the clypeus, equal or, in the male, sometimes feebly narrowed above, slightly broader than the interspace between the eyes, feebly suleate at, and in the male below, the ocellus, rather closely punctate throughout like the rest of the face; eyes moderately large, slightly prominent, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteo-testaceous, about three-fourths (male) or more than three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum feebly expanding posteriorly, the disk broadly convex, passing by a distinct though slight ruga or rough angulation into the vertical lateral lobes, these lateral carinae marked, at least in the male, by a slender flavous stripe, followed beneath on the lateral lobes by a slender (female) or broad but posteriorly narrow- ing (male) piceous postocular band, mostly or wholly confined to the prozona; median carina percurrent and distinct, but duller on the NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 247 prozona, though in the female, excepting between the sulci, it is nearly as elevated though not so sharp as on the metazona; front margin sub- truncate, hind margin produced, but broadly truncate, with the faintest possible indication of emargination; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or longitudinally subquadrate (female), very faintly and sparsely punctate, about half as long again as the closely and sharply punctate inetazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, conical, rather biunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes about twice as long as broad (male) or quadrate (female.) Tegmina abbreviate, much shorter than the pronotum, rather distant, obovate, nearly twice as long as broad, well rounded apically. Fore and middle femora of male only moderately tumid; hind femora testaceous or ferrugineo-testaceous, more or less confusedly bifasciate with blackish fuscous, the entire geniculation blackish fuscous, the inner half of under surface and lower half of inner surface pale sanguineous; hind tibiae very dark glaucous, almost. pur- plish, the spines pallid in basal, black in apical half, nine to ten, usually nine, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, strongly recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, with subrectangulate apex and feebly and broadly crenate margins, the sharp and low ridges bounding the exceptionally shallow and flat median sulcus forming a broad triangle in somewhat less than the basal half of the plate, though the suleus continues as a delicate incision and broadens a little at the apex; fureula consisting only of the rectangulate but projecting inner corners of the gradually broadening divided lateral halves of the last dorsal segment; cerci broad at base, gently tumid, rapidly and regu- larly narrowing in the basal half, beyond subequal, very slender, hardly a fourth as broad as at base, incurved, the tip bluntly pointed, the whole about twice as long as the basal breadth; subgenital plate long and narrow, the lateral and apical margins in nearly the same plane, but feebly elevated apically, as seen from above well rounded, entire. Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 20.5 mmm.; antennae, male, 7.0 mm., female,Smm.; tegmina, male and female, 4 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.5 im., female, 12.75 mm. Two males, 1 female. Los Angeles, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection). This species differs from the preceding mainly in coloring and in the larger and bulkier female. 64. MELANOPLUS FUSCIPES, new species. (Plate XVI, fig. 9.) Pezotettix fuscipes MCNEILL!, MS. Of rather small size, dark ferrugineo-fuscous with black markings. Head feebly prominent, testaceous, heavily flecked or sometimes suf- fused with fuscous, above dark fuscous mesially, separated by a dull flavo-testaceous stripe bordering the eye from the broad piceous post- ocular band; vertex moderately tumid, elevated somewhat above the 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. pronotum, the interspace between the eyes hardly (male) or fully (female) half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fastigium not very declivent, distinctly (male) or rather feebly (female) sulecate; frontal costa rather prominent, not reaching the clypeus, subequal but narrowly and feebly contracted above, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, scarcely sulcate below the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes rather large, rather prominent in the male, not at all in the female, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteo- or fulvo-testaceous, a little infuscated apically and paler at the base, nearly four fifths (male) or two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum feebly expanding posteriorly, the disk dark fuscous, a broad dull flavous or cinereous stripe on either side, limited exteriorly by the lateral carinae and generally fading or obsolete on the metazona, leaving between them a mesial fuscous stripe no broader than they, the lateral lobes flavo-testaceous below with a postocular piceous band, very broad and sometimes percurrent, but then broadened and diffused or em- browned on the metazona; disk very broadly convex, passing almost insensibly into the subvertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct and sharp on the metazona, almost wholly wanting on the prozona; front margin truncate, hind margin very broadly rounded or subtrun- cate, occasionally subangulate; prozona sparsely punctate, varying from quadrate to distinctly longitudinal, the latter only in the male, a third to a half longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, stout, conical, shorter and stouter in the female than in the male; interspace between mesosternal lobes twice or more than twice as long as broad with parallel sides (male) or longitudinally subquad- rate (female). Tegmina abbreviate, shorter than the pronotum, rotund- ato-ovate, from a fourth to a half as long again as broad, well rounded apically, approximate or subattingent, rarely attingent, brownish fuscous sometimes streaked with cinereous. Fore and middle femora of male considerably tumid; hind femvura moderately slender, flavo-testaceous, distinctly and rather narrowly bifasciate with blackish fuscous, the geniculation blackish fuscous, the inferior face flavous sometimes infus- cated; hind tibiae pale fusco-glaucous, the spines pallid on basal, black on apical half, nine to eleven, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, very strongly recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with acutangulate apex, nearly plane, with a pair of lateral arcuate blunt incurved ridges, formed of a plica- tion beginning with the basal half of the lateral margins but ending abruptly before the median line, the median sulcus very slight and slender, percurrent; furcula entirely wanting; cerci broad and slightly tumid at base, rapidly and regularly tapering in the proximal half, beyond much less rapidly, the distal half forming a compressed, sub- equal, slender, incurved ribbon, hardly more than a third as broad as the base, the tip rounded but slightly angulate below, the whole about twice as long as the basal breadth, suberect; subgenital plate bluntly NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 249 conical, about as long as broad, ending in a slight postmarginal tubercle, the margins in one plane, broadly rounded, entire. Length of body, male, 15 mm., female, 20.5 mm.; antennae, male, 6.75 mm., female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 3.5 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind femora, male, 9 mm., female, 11.25 mm. Six males, 4 females. California (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); San Bernardino County, California, May (same); Los Angeles, California, Coquillett (same); San Diego County, May (U.S.N.M.); between San Luis Obispo and San Simeon Bay, California, E. Palmer. This species is very close indeed to the preceding, but differs from it in lacking the lateral carinae of the pronotum and the angulations rep- resenting the furcula, in the possession of an apical tubercle to the supraanal plate, and in the heavier flavous stripe of the disk of the pronotum. The name, apparently chosen from the color of the hind tibiae, is not very closely descriptive of them. 65. MELANOPLUS SCITULUS, new species. (Plate XVI, fig. 10.) Of small size, brownish fuscous. Head not prominent, olivaceo- fuscous, above much infuscated, with a broad piceous postocular band; vertex very gently tumid, feebly elevated above the pronotum, the inter- space between the eyes scarcely broader than (male) or nearly twice as broad as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium moderately decliv- ent, feebly suleate; frontal costa almost or quite percurrent, equal, about as broad as (male) or slightly narrower than (female) the inter- space between the eyes, feebly suleate at and below the ocellus (male), or distinctly suleate almost throughout (female), feebly punctate; eyes rather large, only moderately prominent even in the male, considerably longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteo-testa- ceous, slightly infuscated apically, about three-fifths (male) or but little more than one-half (female) as long as the hind femora. Prono- tum very gently enlarging from in front backward, varying from testa- ceo-fuscous to blackish fuscous, always with more or less ferruginous, luteo-testaceous on the lower half of the lateral lobes, with a broad, piceous, postocular band either confined to the prozona or extending obscurely and more widely upon the metazona, the disk broadly convex, passing by an abruptly rounded shoulder into the inferiorly vertical lateral lobes; median carina equally distinct and sharp throughout; front margin truncate, hind margin very broadly rounded, subtruncate ; prozona sparsely and shallowly punctate, distinctly longitudinal, much more than half as long again as the sharply and closely punctate meta- zona. Prosternal spine appressed subconical, not very long, trans- versely and broadly rounded apically; interspace between mesosternal lobes slightly longer than broad (male) or transverse, but much nar- rower than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate, somewhat shorter 250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. than the pronotum, attingent, rotundato-ovate, less than half as long again as broad, apically rounded, brownish fuscous. Fore and middle femora somewhat rounded in the male; hind femora ferrugineo fuscous or flavo-fuscous, darkest along the upper half of the outer face, without fasciation, the under and inner faces flavous or pale sanguineous, the genicular are blackish; hind tibiae dark glaucous, the spines pallid in basal, black in apical half, nine to eleven, usually ten, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate hastate with rectangulate apex, the sur- face nearly plane, the median sulcus shallow, narrow, and narrowing, inclosed between low rounded walls, which unite near the middle of the plate; furcula reduced to two slight, approximate, blunt denticulations, overlying the base of the just-mentioned ridges; cerci broad at base, tapering rapidly and subequally so as to form long triangular plates, faintly incurved, apically faintly decurved and finely acuminate at tip, the lower margin faintly concave; subgenital plate small, not much longer than broad, very broadly and bluntly subconical, the cone form- ing a feeble and blunt apical tubercle, the lateral and apical margins on the same plane, well rounded, entire. Length of body, male, 14.5 mm., female, 18 mm.; antennae, male, 5.6 mm., female, 5.5 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 3.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.1 mm., female, 10 min. Two males, 1 female. Mount Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer. This species is the most aberrant of its series. 15. PUER SERIES. In the species of this small group, the prozona of the male (and generally of the female) is longitudinal and nearly twice as long as the metazona, with its truncate or feebly produced hind margin; the median carina is similar throughout. The interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex is slightly or much longer than broad. The male antennae are long and considerably longer propor- tionately than those of the female. The tegmina are abbreviate, of about the length of the pronotum, obovate and apically rounded. The hind tibiae are prevailingly glaucous, the spines ten to eleven, rarely nine, in number in the outer series. The supraanal plate of the male is triangular or hastate, the surface subtectate with a deep median sulcus; the furcula is variable in length, either reduced to mere denticulations or developed as parallel spines nearly a third as long as the supraanal plate; the cerci are small and styliform with slight concavity of the upper margin, acuminate and much shorter than the supraanal plate; the subgenital plate varies considerably but is rather full, and the apical margin entire. Two species are known, one very small from Florida, the other rather large from Texas, and they are brought together in one group princi- pally fiom their simple styliform cerci. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 251 b 66. MELANOPLUS FLABELLATUS. (Plate XVII, fig. 1.) Pezotettix flabellatus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat, Hist., XX (1879), pp. 82-83; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 71-72.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), Doo: Somewhat above the medium size. Head not prominent; vertex feebly tumid, barely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes slightly broader than (male) or fully half as broad again as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium rather steeply declivent, shallow, broad, subspatulate, with distinct but low and coarse bounding walls; frontal costa broad, equal, rather broader than (male) or as broad as (female) the interspace between the eyes, flat throughout or faintly sul. eate down the middle below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes moderately large, moderately prominent, a little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae nearly four-fifths (male) or four-sevenths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum very simple, enlarging backward uniformly but slightly, and less so in the male than in the female; front margin truncate, hind margin gently angulato-arcuate; median carina distinct, slight, equal, pereurrent; lateral carinae scarcely indicated and on the metazona wholly obsolete; whole disk gently punctate, the prozona more sparsely than the meta- zona; prozona distinetly longitudinal (male) or quadrate or feebly lon- gitudinal (female), fully (male) or about (female) half as long again as the metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, appressed conical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully half as long again as broad (male) or transverse but shorter than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate, a little shorter than the pronotum, rounded ovate, half as long again as broad, the apex not at all produced, slightly over- lapping at their inner margins. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, of about equal length and breadth, the apex bluntly pointed, the sides very nearly straight, with a slight transverse median ridge not reaching the sides; furcula formed of two rather distant, nearly straight, subconical processes, scarcely reaching the transverse ridge; cerci simple, conical, scarcely curved, tapering more on the basal than the apical half, about half as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate broader than long, the lateral and apical margins on the same plane, well rounded or feebly angulate apically, entire, the lateral margins incurved basally. The general color above is either a very pale brownish yellow or a brownish griseous; below dirty yellow with a greenish tinge; antennae fulvous, lutescent basaliy, darker apically; a broad blackish fuliginous belt runs from behind the eye across the lateral lobes of the pronotum, generally broadening slightly and fading alittle on the metazona. The pleura are marked as in J. tevanus and the tegmina are unicolorous and of the color of the disk of the pronotum. The hind femora partake of 252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. the color of the upper surface of the body and have faint fuscous indi- cations of bifasciation above; hind tibiae glaucous, but at the base yel- lowish with a glaucous or fusco-glaucous annulation; spines black with a pallid base, usually eleven in number in the outer series. The upper surface and sides of the abdomen are uniform in tint, the sides unmarked by any black band. Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 27 mm.; antennae, male, 7.75 mm., female, 8 wm.; tegmina, male, 5 mm., female, 6 mm.; hind femora, fal 10.25 mm., female, 14 mm. Ten males, 21 females. Texas, Belfrage (U.S.N.M.—Riley collec- tion); Dallas, Texas, Boll (same; 8S. H. Seudder). In general appearance and in most points of its structure this species resembles M. discolor. It may at once be distinguished from it by the shape of the tegmina and the male cerci and by the color of the hind tibiae. 67. MELANOPLUS PUER. (Plate XVU, fig. 2.) Pezotettic puer SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), p. 87 (pars), Entom. Notes, VI (1878), p. 28.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59 Brownish fuscous with a ferruginous tinge. Head feebly prominent, yellowish brown, heavily mottled with dusky brown in small spots, often deepening (especially above) to blackish brown; vertex feebly tumid, elevated but slightly above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes narrow, not (male) or scarcely (female) broader than the first antennal joint; fastigium very steeply declivent, deeply sulcate throughout; frontal costa narrow, scarcely wider than the interspace between the eyes, equal, percurrent, sulcate at and below the ocellus; eyes large and prominent, in the male as high as the vertex, much larger than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae castaneous, gradually infuscated apically, nearly three-fourths (male) or nearly two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum brownish yellow, more or less infuscated above, regularly expanding posteriorly, very slightly in the male, noticeably in the female, the disk feebly convex transversely and passing by a tolerably distinct but smoothed angle into the vertical lateral lobes, which in the male are marked with an exceptionally large piceous spot on the upper portion of the prozona, especially on the anterior section—a mark which is only indi- cated in the female in dull fuscous and is much broken or subobsolete; median carina equally distinet throughout; front and hind margins truncate, the latter distinctly emarginate in the middle; prozona longi- tudinal, nearly twice as long as the more finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather short, erect, lobate, very strongly appressed, well rounded, the posterior face flat; imterspace between mesosternal lobes slightly longer than broad (male) or quadrate (female), the mnetasternal lobes subattingent (male) or approximate (female), Teg- No, 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 253 mina brownish fuscous, minutely flecked with fuscous in the interstices of the crowded veins, obovate, well rounded, twice as long as broad, lateral, widely separated, hardly longer than the prozona. Legs vari- able in color but generally dull yellowish brown, the hind femora generally bifasciate with fuscous above besides the black geniculation ; hind tibiae at base and at tip dull yellow mottled with brown, the rest purplish glaucous, the spines black beyond the base, nine to ten, usually ten, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo- men hardly clavate, not at all recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with slightly convex sides and acutangulate apex, tectate but with elevated lateral margins forming large lateral sulci, the median sulcus deep, tapering, crossing the basal half of the plate; fureula consisting of a pair of minute pointed projections overlying the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci slight, styliform, slender beyond the thickened base, then scarcely tapering, gently incurved, the tip bluntly pointed; subgenital plate small, subconical, of equal breadth, some- what longer than the apical breadth, with a slight erect tubercle. Length of body, male, 10.5 mm., female, 16 mm.; antennae, male, 5.5 mmn., female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 2.2 mm., female, 2.5 mm.; hind femora, ale, 8 mm., female, 10 min. One male, 4 females. Fort Reed, Orange County, Florida, April 8-10, J. H. Comstock; Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida, November, Maynard (S. Henshaw). This is the smallest known species of Melanoplus. 16. INORNATUS SERIES. The prozona of the male is here distinctly longitudinal, and the interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex quadrate, or feebly longitudinal. The hind margin of the pronotum is either truncate or very broadly obtusangulate. The tegmina are abbreviate and nearly as long as if not somewhat longer than the pronotum, some- times rounded and sometimes subacuminate apically. The hind tibiae are generally green, and the species vary much in the number of spines in the outer series, ranging from nine to fifteen. The supraanal plate is triangular and generally rather flat, the lateral margins hardly elevated; the furcula may be either reduced to slight prominences or produced as delicate spines crossing the basal fourth of the supraanal plate; the cerci again vary considerably, being either stout, strongly constricted in the middle and widely expanded apically, or tapering to a half or two-thirds the basal breadth and then forming a relatively slender, slightly decurved, compressed finger; the subgeni- tal plate is narrower, generally considerably narrower, than long, with angulate, slightly elevated and tuberculate extremity. The species are rather slender, of about medium size, and are three in number. One occurs in Mexico, a second in North Carolina, and the third in I]linois and Indiana. 254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 68. MELANOPLUS INORNATUS, new species. (Plate XVII, fig. 3.) Pezotettix inornatus MCNEILL!, MS. A little above medium size, ferrugineo-testaceous. Head not prom- inent, ferrugineo-testaceous, a little darker above, with a broad piceous postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes as broad as (male) or fully half as broad again as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigiuim steeply declivent, faintly and broadly suleate; frontal costa nearly per current, equal, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly sul cate at and below the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes moderagely large, slightly prominent in the male, only a little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous, a little infuscated apically, about three-fourths (male) or five-sevenths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal but feebly expanding posteriorly, the sides with a broad, piceous, postocular band confined to the prozona, the disk broadly subtectate and gently convex, passing by a tolerably abrupt shoulder, forming tolerably distinct lateral carinae at least on the posterior part of the prozona, into the anteriorly tumid subvertical lateral lobes; median carina tolerably distinct and percurrent, sharper on the metazona than on the prozona, and on the latter very feebly arched longitudinally; front margin faintly convex, hind margin very obtusangulate; prozona sparsely and very shallowly punctate and longitudinal (male) or quadrate or longitudinally subquadrate (female), about a third as long again as the closely and not very deeply punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderate, appressed conical, retrorse, stouter in the female than in the male; interspace between mesosternal lobes somewhat longer than broad with diverging sides (male) or longitudinally subquadrate (female). Tegmina abbreviate, somewhat longer than the pronotum, overlapping, ovate-lanceolate, apically sub- acuminate, ferrugineo-fuscous. Fore and middle femora only a very little tumid in the male; hind femora rather slender, compressed, tes- taceous with a ferruginous tinge, growing flavescent inferiorly, the gen- iculation fuscous; hind tibiae rufo-testaceous, the spines black on the apical half, eleven to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with acutangulate apex, the margins not elevated, a trans- verse, percurrent, median plica, and a median sulcus which is triangular on the basal half, slender in the apical half, and crosses two-thirds of the plate; furcula consisting of the feebly projecting lobular expan- sions of the inner extremities of the divided lateral halves of the last dorsal segment; cerci rather large and clepsydral, strongly contracted before the middle, the basal portion tapering but slightly, while the larger apical portion expands greatly, especially above, the rounded tip No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 255 thus reaching the extremity of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, moderately broad but much narrower than long, the apical por- tion a little elevated and tumid, subtuberculate. Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 29 mm.; antennae, male, 9 mm. (est.), female, 10 mm.; tegmina, male, 7.5 mm., female, 9 inm.; hind femora, male, 11.75 mm.. female, 14 mm. One male, 2 females. Locality unknown (J. McNeill); Montelovez, Cohahuila, Mexico, September 20, E, Palmer, All the specimens seen have been immersed in alcohol, which may have somewhat affected their colors. 69. MELANOPLUS VIRIDIPES, new species. x (Plate XVI, fig. 4.) Pezotettix viridipes WALSH!, MS. (1865).—BLArcuLey, Can. Ent., XXIII (April, 1891), p. 80; ibid., XXIV (1892), p. 34—undescribed. Pezotettix viridicrus WAaLsu!, MS. (1865). Pezotettix viridulus [by error for viridicrus] MCNEILL, Psyche, VI (May, 1891), pp. 75-76.—BLATCHLEY, Can. Ent., XXIV (1892), p. 34; ibid., XX VI (1894), p. 245—undescribed. Of medium size, brownish fuscous ebove, tlavous beneath; head not prominent, dark olivaceo-testaceous, sometimes plumbeous, above much infuscated, with a broad piceous postocular band; vertex mod- erately tumid, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium rather steeply declivent, dis- tinetly (male) or shallowly (female) sulcate; frontal costa almost per- current, slightly narrowed at upper extremity, especially in the male, otherwise equal, about as broad as the interspace between the eyes, suleate at and below the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes moderately large, rather prominent, particularly in the male, somewhat longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous or rufo-testa- ceous, apically infuseated, distinctly longer than (male) or three-fourths as long as (female) the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly expanding posteriorly, above ferrugineo-testaceous, sometimes infus- cated, on the sides flavous or flavo-testaceous below, but the upper por- tion wholly occupied by a very broad, percurrent, piceous, postocular band, broadening slightly on the metazona, the disk convex and pass- ing by a slight shoulder into the anteriorly tumid vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct though rather slight on the metazona and, in the female at least, on the front of the prozona, elsewhere obsolete or sub- obsolete; front margin faintly convex, and in the male with a scarcely perceptible emargination, hind margin rotundato-obtusangulate, almost subtruncate; prozona distinctly (male) or faintly (female) longitudinal, about half as long again as the densely but not deeply punctate meta- zona. Prosternal spine short and rather stout, conical; interspace 256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. between mesosternal lobes quadrate (male) or very transverse but nar- rower than the lobes (female), Tegmina abbreviate, generally a little longer than the pronotum, slightly overlapping, elliptical, apically rounded, more than twice as long as broad, brownish fuscous. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora mod- erately slender, flavous, sometimes more or less ferruginous, obliquely bifasciate with brownish or blackish fuscous, with a large blackish genicular patch; hind tibiae pale green or glaucous, pallid or pale flavous at the base, with a dusky patellar spot, the spines black in more than the apical half, nine to ten in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, much recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with acutangulate apex, rather flat, the median sulcus broad, equal, shallow and percurrent, lying between low ridges which, as well as the sulcus, are interrupted mesially; furcula consisting of a pair of small, distant, triangular denticulations; cerci long and rather slender, erect and gently incurved, tapering gradually from base to middle, which is about two-thirds as broad as the base, beyond almost equal but feebly enlarged, slightly produced inferiorly at the apex, and the whole apical subequal portion feebly decurved; subgenital plate somewhat longer than broad, subequal, apically elevated slightly and produced to a delicate conical tubercle. Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 21.5 mm.; antennae, male, 9.5 mm., female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male, 5 mm., female, 5.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 8.5 mm., female, 11.75 mm. Twelve males, 13 females. Illinois, Uhler; Rock Island, Llinois, Walsh; Moline, Rock Island County, Illinois, J. McNeill; Ogle County, Illinois, June 20, J. A. Allen; Riviere de Parc, June 14, L. Bruner; Vigo County, Indiana, May 25, June 8, 11, Blatchley (W.S. Blatechley; A.P.Morse). A specimen in the U.S. National Museum from Montana perhaps belongs here. It has also been reported by MeNeill from McLean County, Illinois, and Monroe County, Indiana. This species is remarkable for the length of the antennae. It matures very early, MeNeill having taken it as early as June 5 in Illinois, where he thinks it is the first Orthopteron to mature from eggs of the same season. Blatchley records it in Indiana even as early as May 11. MeNeill says “it is by no means common, . . . being restricted to a few localities [about Moline}. It shows a decided preference for the sides of open, grassy ravines.” One specimen before me is marked by Blatchley as found in woods. The species has never before been described, but has been mentioned by Walsh’s names in several publications; the specific name “ viridu- lus” used on one or two occasions was a misreading of Walsh’s name ‘‘viridicrus,” and probably originally due to bad chirography on my part. NO, 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 257 7o. MELANOPLUS DECORUS, new species. (Plate XVII, fig. 5.) Of medium size, very slender and elongate, brownish fuscous with a ferruginous tinge above, flavous beneath. Head not at all prominent, olivaceo-flavous more or less infuscated, above fuscous, with a broad piceous postocular band; vertex hardly at all tumid, not raised above the level of the pronotum. scarcely or not reaching the level of the upper arch of the eyes, the interspace between the eyes very narrow, hardly as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, feebly suleate, oblong obpyriform; frontal costa percurrent, equal, scarcely broader than the interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus, faintly punctate; eyes large, very prominent, nearly twice as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous at base. Pronotum long, equal, with a scarcely perceptible expansion of the metazona, brownish fuscous above, flavous or flavo- testaceous on the sides, with a rather broad, percurrent, piceous, post- ocular band, narrower on the metazona than on the prozona, the disk considerably convex and passing with only a feeble shoulder into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct, sharp, equal, pereurrent; front margin feebly convex with the faintest possible emargination, hind margin subtruncate; prozona very longitudinal, nearly twice as long as the densely and sharply punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderate, slender, conico-é¢ylindrical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes a little longer than broad. Tegmina abbreviate, shorter than the pronotum, attingent or subattingent, ovate, well rounded apically, less than twice as long as broad, brownish fuscous. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora flavous, sometimes more or less ferruginous, the whole geniculation except the apical portion of the lower lobe black; hind tibiae pale greenish or pale glaucous, the spines black to their base, fourteen to fifteen in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen considerably clavate, recurved, the supraanal plate clypeate with rectangulate tip, raised and sinuate lateral margins, a narrow, deep, percurrent, median sulcus, the walls of which are hardly elevated into ridges, and an apical pair of short, convergent, blunt ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of basally attingent, divergent, slender, tapering, acuminate fingers, crossing rather more than a fourth of the supraanal plate; cerci composed of a moderately broad, rapidly tapering, slightly tumid, basal portion, about one-third of the whole, and a very slender, subequal, gently arcuate, incurved, and apically faintly expanding por- tion, hardly more than a third as broad as the base, inferiorly angulate at tip and reaching about to the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, greatly tapering, so as to be very narrow at tip, the apical margin considerably elevated to form a delicate tuberele. Proc. N. M. vol. xx-——17 258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, Length of body, male, 17.5 mm.; tegmina, 4mm.; hind femora, 9.5 mm. Two males. Dingo Bluft, North Carolina, November 15, Parker- Maynard. In general appearance this insect has a strong resemblance to M. attenuatus from the same region. 17. FASCIATUS SERIES. This group is not very homogeneous, comprising forms of comsider- able difference in appearance and structure, but which have a number of important points in common. It is composed in part of brachypter- ous and in part of macropterous forms. One species is dimorphic in this respect, and the others, whether macropterous (one only) or brachypterous (six in number), are exceptionally short-winged or exceptionally long-winged for their type. The antennae are very vari- able in length, being sometimes quite similar, sometimes quite dissimi- lar, in the two sexes and varying in the male from three-fifths as long as the hind femora to equal their length, and in the female from one- half to four-fifths the length of the hind femora. In size they range from very small to a little above the medium. The prozona of the male varies from quadrate to longitudinal in both brachypterous and macropterous forms. The interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex is also very variable in each set of forms, and in both together ranges from a little transverse to twice as long as broad. The tegmina in the brachypterous forms are usually comparable with the length of the pronotum and are well rounded, but in the dimorphic form they are apically suabacuminate and twice as long as the pronotum (as in one of the brachypterous forms) or far surpass the hind femora and are broad and well rounded apically; while in the single macropterous form they barely reach the tip of the hind femora. The hind tibiae are likewise very variable in color, sometimes within the species, and have from nine to twelve, usually eleven, spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate is generally rather long triangular, and rather flat, with but feebly elevated margins, except in one instance, where it is strongly compressed apically. The furcula is usually very feebly developed, but three species have slender fingers extending some dis- tance over the supraanal plate. The cerci are rather large, compressed, generally incurved laminae, generally of considerable breadth, but in one instance exceptionally slender, generally more or less constricted mesially, in two species greatly, and, with a single exception, enlarged again apically, rounded and not acuminate (in one species emarginate) at tip. The subgenital plate again varies much, but is always longer than broad, generally moderately broad and nearly equal and usually a little elevated apically, the apical margin always entire. The eight species have as little geographical as structural relation. One is known only from the extreme north in Labrador and Greenland; No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 259 two from Florida only; another only from Oregon and Washington; a fifth from Kentucky; a sixth from North Carolina; a seventh from Indiana, Texas, and, perhaps, Carolina; while the eighth occurs across the continent from Newfoundland and New Jersey in the east to Wash- ington in the west, and from the Saskatchewan to Colorado. The most aberrant member of the series is JM. borealis. None of them are likely to be confounded. 71. MELANOPLUS ATTENUATUS, new species. (Plate XVII, fig. 6.) Of medium size and very slender, light ferrugineo-fuscous. Head rather prominent, flavo-testaceous, fuscous above, with a broad piceous postocular band; vertex moderately tumid, a little elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes about as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, distinctly but not deeply suleate; frontal costa percurrent, subequal, faintly narrower above, slightly broader than the interspace between the eyes, faintly depressed at the ocellus, punctate throughout, biseriately above; eyes large, very prominent, nearly twice as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae fusco-testaceous, fully four-fifths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly expanding on the metazona, ferrugineo-tes- taceous more or less infusecated above, flavous or fusco-flavous on the sides, with a broad, piceous, postocular band confined to the prozona, the disk gently convex, passing by a rather broadly rounded shoulder into the anteriorly tumid vertical lateral lobes; median carina dis- tinct, percurrent, equal; front margin feebly convex, hind margin sub- truncate; prozona very longitudinal, nearly twice as long as the sharply and densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, feebly conical, very blunt, erect; interspace between inesosternal lobes some- what longer than broad. Tegmina abbreviate, a little shorter than the pronotum, attingentor subattingent, elliptical, broadly rounded apically, a little less than twice as long as broad, fusco-testaceous. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora slender, light ferruginous, dull flavous beneath, the genicular are and a basal bar on the lower genicular loves blackish fuscous; hind tibiae very pale green apically, pale ferrugineo-flavous basally, the spines black nearly to their base, twelve to fourteen in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate long triangular, a little and narrowly compressed just beyond the base, the tip acutangulate but well rounded, the lateral margins somewhat ele- vated, the median sulcus lying between sharp but not high walls in the basal two-thirds of the plate, beyond which are a pair of more distant, short, subparallel, blunt, longitudinal ridges; fureula consisting of a pair of very slender, tapering and acuminate, divergent fingers, crossing scarcely the basal fourth of the supraanal plate; cerci very slender and a | 260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. . elongate, apically strongly incurved fingers, tapering uniformly to the middle so as to be there less than half as broad as at base, then slightly enlarging to form an apical rounded lobe a little more than half as broad as the base, expanding below more than above, the apical mar- gin rounded but sometimes feebly emarginate so as to appear faintly bifid; subgenital plate rather small and very narrow, narrowing api- eally, the apical margin well rounded, faintly and broadly tuberculate, Length of body, male, 19.5 mm.; antennae, 9.5 mim.; tegmina, 4.25 mm.; hind femora, 11 mim. Three males. Smithville, Brunswick County, North Carolina, Novem- ber 22, Maynard. This can not be the Pezotettiv longicornis of Saussure, described from Carolina, from its lack of distinet lateral carinae and its convex pronotal disk. 72. MELANOPLUS AMPLECTENS, new species. (Plate XVII, fig. 7.) A little above medium size, luteo-testaceous. Head a little promi- nent, luteo testaceous, above very broadly and feebly striped with fus- cous, with a broad, piceous, postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, somewhat elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes about half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, angularly suleate throughout; frontal costa fading just before the clypeus, subequal, slightly broader than the interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus, sparsely and finely punctate throughout; eyes large, very prominent, considerably longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous, a little infuscated apically, fully five-sixths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, the sides of the prozona with a broad fuscous -postocular band, the disk broadly convex, passing by an abrupt rounded shoulder into the anteriorly feebly tumid, vertical, lateral lobes; median carina distinet and sharp on the metazona, feeble but tolerably sharp and equal on the prozona; front margin faintly convex and faintly and narrowly emarginate, narrowly flaring feebly, hind margin broadly obtusangulate; prozona distinctly longitudinal, more than half as long again as the sharply but not very closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, conical, a little retrorse, the hinder face straight; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly half as long again as broad. Tegmina abbreviate, but reaching nearly to the middie of the hind femora, slender lanceolate, the tip very bluntly subacuminate, brownish fuscous deepening above to blackish on the lateral face, cinereous on the dorsal face. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora luteo-testaceous, broadly and almost completely bifasciate with blackish fascous, which is angularly disposed on the outer face, the whole geniculation blackish fuscous, the inferior face luteous; hind tibiae luteo-flavous, infusecated at base, the spines black almost or quite to their very base, tweive to NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 261 fourteen in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate long triangular, a little narrowed at the tip, with an acutangulate apex, the lateral mar- gins elevated to the same height as the sharp and high parallel ridges bounding the median sulcus, which unite just beyond the middle of the plate, and are crossed at the middle by a straight transverse ruga which does not reach the margins; furcula consisting of a pair of minute black denticulations overlying the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci broad at base, rapidly narrowing to the middle, mainly by the excision of the inferior margin, beyond again expanding as rapidly and nearly as much, and at the same time curved abruptly inward, the apical flange broadly rounded at tip, compressed, and at extreme apex curved abruptly backward; subgenital plate moderately broad, the apical margin broadly and considerably elevated, entire. Length of body, male, 19.5 mm.; antennae, 10.5 mm.; tegmina, 7.5 mim.; hind femora, 12.5 mm, One male. Bee Spring, Edmonson County, Kentucky, June 14-15, F. G. Sanborn (Museum Comparative Zoology). The specimen was formerly in alcohol, which has probably somewhat affected the colors. The clasping form of the cerci has suggested the specific name. 73. MELANOPLUS SALTATOR, new species. (Plate XVII, fig. 8.) Pezotettix borckii ScuUDDER!, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., IT (1881), App., p. 24, pl. xvn, fig. 17.—BRUNER!, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., IV (1884), p. 58; Can. Ent., XVII (1885), p. 12. Ferrugineo-fuscous. Head not prominent, almost wholly fuscous above, the face and genae luteo-testaceous, punctate and more or less marmorate with fuscous; vertex slightly tumid, feebly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes broad, two (male) or three (female) times as broad as the basal antennal joint; fastigium consider- ably declivent, its lateral margins feebly (female) or considerably (male) elevated, but not otherwise sulcate; frontal costa subequal but feebly enlarging from above downward, slightly narrower than the interspace between the eyes, feebly suleate (if at all) only at and below the ocel- lus, punctate; eyes moderate in size, not prominent, about as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferruginous, often a little infuseated apically, fully two-thirds as long as the hind femora in both sexes. Pronotum subequal, feebly enlarging posteriorly at least in the female, the disk transversely convex and passing almost insensibly into the subvertical lateral lobes, the lower part of the latter of a little lighter color, and the upper part crossed on the prozona by a broad piceous yet often obscure band, which occasionally in the female passes, broad- ened and diffused, upon the metazona; median carina slight but distinet throughout, feebler on the prozona than on the metazona; front margin truncate or subtruncate, hind margin rotundato-obtusangulate; prozona 262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. quadrate or subquadrate, slightly longer than the closely punctate meta- zona, the sulcus between them very broadly obtusangulate by wide emar- gination of the prozona. Prosternal spine long, subeylindrieal, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes twice as long as broad (male) or a little transverse, narrower than the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or tolerably distant (female). Tegmina slightly overlapping (male) or attingent (female), ovate, rather broad, shorter than the pronotum, uniform brownish fuscous. Femora rufescent or fusco-luteous, the fore pair and to some extent the middle pair tumescent in the male, the hind pair more or less but obscurely infuseated in premedian and postmedian bands, which are angulate on the outer face and generally more or less confused; their lower face, especially exteriorly, more or less ferruginous, the geniculation mostly fuscous; hind tibiae generally dull red, more or less feebly flecked or obseured basally with fuscous, sometimes plumbeo-glaucous, the spines rather short and black throughout, eleven to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen strongly clavate, much recurved, the supraanal plate abruptly and obliquely con- tracted laterally in the apical half so as to make the shape somewhat clypeate, the lateral margins raised only in the apical half and here form- ing between them a dorsal channel which nearly continues, but is a little wider than, the basal median sulcus, which is rather deeply impressed but between walls which rise but little above the otherwise nearly plane surface; furcula consisting of a pair of minute, sometimes scarcely perceptible, distant denticulations on the outer side of the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci large and stout, elongated, com- pressed laminae, mesially narrowed so that the apical portion is sub- spatulate though not so broad as the base, gently incurved, the tip rounded but distinctly produced inferiorly, reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate moderately broad, a little longer than broad, the lateral and apical margins slightly flaring, the latter elevated, well rounded and entire. Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 25.5 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5 mim., female, 10 mm.; tegmina, male, 5 mm., female, 5.75 min.; hind femora, male, 12 min., female, 15.75 mm. Ten males, 14 females. Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon, Pack- ard (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection; S. H. Scudder); Oregon City, Clack- amas County, Oregon, July, W.G. W. Harford; Soda Springs, Yakima County, Washington, Wickham (lL. Bruner); Loon Lake, Colville Val- ley, Washington, July 23,5. Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology). It is stated by Bruner that this species is ‘¢*to be met with in the mountains of Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming,” and it ‘‘appears to abound only where two or three particular plants are met with, one of which is a species of geranium.” The female of this species closely resembles the same sex of M. borckii, but has relatively longer antennae, about as long as those of the male, and the tegmina are shorter and more strongly rounded at tip. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 263 74. MELANOPLUS ROTUNDIPENNIS. (Plate XVII, fig. 9.) Pezotettiv rotundipennis SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp. 86-87; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 27-28.—BRUNER, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59. Head flavo-testaceous, the summit deeply infuscated, the whole more or less mottled with small fuscous spots; antennae dull brownish red, apically infuscated, at base paler, four-fifths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum above brownish fuscous mottled slightly with dusky yellow, the median carina black; lateral lobes brownish yellow below, above occupied by a broad piceous stripe, running from the eyes nearly to the middle of the abdomen, broader and with vague boundaries on the abdomen and partially interrupted by a slender, oblique, brownish yel- low stripe on the crest of the metathoracic episterna. Tegmina but little longer than broad, hardly longer than the prozona, rotund, ovate, black concealed by profuse rufous veins. Legs dull yellowish brown, the middle and hind femora heavily spotted with black, the hind tibiae dull fusco-glaucous, pale at base, the spines black beyond the pallid base, twelve in number in the outer series. Head not prominent; vertex slightly tumid, a little elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes scarcely so broad as the basal joint of the antennae; fastigium steeply declivent, shallowly and broadly suleate in advance of the eyes; frontal costa moderately broad, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, shallowly sulcate through- out, slightly and regularly expanding below, obsolescent next the cly- peus; eyes large and prominent, nearly twice as long as the infraocular portion of the genae. Pronotum broadening slightly and regularly throughout, the prozona distinctly longitudinal, almost twice as long as the metazona, its surface very faintly and very sparsely punctate, the median carina sharp but slight and equal; metazona with the median carina not sharp but rather inconspicuous, the surface of the lobe both above and on the sides delicately rugulose; lateral carinae wholly obsolete, the nearly plane disk passing by a well rounded angle into the lateral lobes; both front and hind margins subtruncate, the latter minutely emarginate in the middle. Prosternal spine not very long, appressed cylindrical, very blunt, a little retrorse; interspace between mesosternal Jobes about twice as long as broad. Extremity of male abdomen tumid, strongly upeurved; supraanal plate triangular with subrectangulate apex, the sides gently convex, gently upturned, the median sulcus extremely broad, short and shallow; furcula consist- ing of the slightly produced inner angulation of the widely parted and diverging halves of the last dorsal segment; cerci rather stout but laminate, tapering at the very base, beyond nearly equal, moderately broad, directed inward and backward and bent obliquely a little down- 264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. XX. ward, at the tip slightly expanded, well rounded and seareely thick- ened; subgenital plate very small, subpyramidal, a little longer than broad, of subequal breadth, the apical margin slightly elevated and a little full, entire. Length of body, male, 15.5 mm.; antennae, 8 mm.; tegmina, 3 mm.; hind femora, 10 mm. One male. Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida, May 6, J. U. Com- stock. 75. MELANOPLUS OBOVATIPENNIS. (Plate XVII, fig. 10.) ? Pezotettix longicornis SAUSSURE, Rey. Mag. Zool., 1861 (1861), p. 159; Orth. Nov. Amer., II (1861), p.9.—THomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 150.— ’ BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59. ? Podisma longicornis WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 718. Pezoteltix rotundipennis BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent., XXIIT (1891), p. 80. Pezotettiz obovatipennis BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent., XX VII (1894), pp. 241-245. Brownish fuscous, with a ferruginous tinge. Head prominent, par- ticularly in the male, varying from plumbeo-olivaceous to ferrugineo- testaceous, often much flecked with fuscous, and above almost wholly fusco-ferruginous or fuscous; vertex rather tumid, elevated a little above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, nearly twice (male) or more than twice (female) as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, plane (female) or broadly and shallowly suleate, or at least with feebly raised lateral margins (male); frontal costa equal or subequal, slightly narrower than the interspace between the eyes, percurrent, very feebly (female) or distinctly (male) suleate at and below the ocellus, punctate; eyes large, prominent at least in the male, much larger than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteo-ferruginous, apically infuscated, as long (male) or more than three- fourths as long (female) as the hind femora. Pronotum rather long, faintly (male) or distinctly (female) enlarging posteriorly with much regularity, the disk blackish fuscous (male) or fusco-ferruginous (female), the lateral lobes below pallid! (male) or luteo-testaceous (female), and above with a broad piceous band which broadens and becomes feebler on the metazona; disk broadly convex transversely, passing by a dis- tinct though smoothed angle into the subvertical lateral lobes; median carina equally distinct throughout, scarcely blunter on the prozona than on the metazona; front margin truncate, hind margin subtruneate (male) or truncate (female); prozona longitudinal (female) or very longitudinal (male), fully (male) or nearly (female) twice as long as the distinctly and closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, a little appressed conical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes about half as long again as broad (male) or Puy transverse, only 1Tvory Ww hite, according to Blatchley, w ue heel seen them in fresh condition No. 1124, REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 265 a little narrower than the lobes themselves (female). Tegmina broad ovate, shorter than the pronotum, weli rounded, varying from a little longer than broad to fully half as long again as broad, lateral, never attingent, uniform brownish fuscous. Mesothoraciec epimera piceous and conspicuous from the light color of the thoracie episterna, which is that of the lower portion of the lateral lobes. Fore femora of male very feebly tumescent; hind femora ferruginous, more or less cincreous on the outer face and more or less infuscated on apical half, with feeble cloudy indications of bifasciate fuscous or deeper ferruginous markings on the upper face, the under surface luteo-rufous, the geniculation black or blackish; hind tibiae olivaceous, often more or less infuscated, occasion- ally red, with a subbasal pallid annulus, the spines black beyond the pallid base, nine to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, well recurved, the supraanal plate long triangular with slightly convex sides, the margins broadly and feebly raised, the median sulcus pereurrent but contracted beyond the middle, before that rather deep, with sharp but not greatly elevated walls; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, somewhat diverging, cylindrical, tapering, slender, acuminate fingers, reaching a little more than one-third way across the supraanal plate; cerci rather slender, mesially contracted to nearly half the extreme basal width by the arcuation of the upper margin, the lower border being straight, beyond the middle somewhat enlarged again, the apex roundly truneate, the whole gently incurved, nearly reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; infracercal plate almost as long as the supraanal, apically broad: sub- genital plate small, almost as broad as long, the apical margin not ele- vated, well rounded as viewed from above, entire. Length of body, male, 16 mmn., female, 29 mm.; antennae, male, 10 mm., female, 10.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 3.5 mm., female, 4.25 mm.; hind fem- ora, male, 10 mm., female, 13.25 mm, Twelve males, 14 females. Vigo County, Indiana, W. S. Blatchley (A. P. Morse; 8S. H. Scudder); High Bridge, Jessamine County, Ken- tucky, October 15, H. Garman; near Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, Octo- ber 2, Putnam (Museum Comparative Zoology); St. Louis, Missouri (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Dallas, Texas (U.S.N.M.—Riley collec- tion; L. Bruner). Blatchley also reports it from Monroe County, Indiana, and if Saus- sure’s species is the same it is also found in Carolina. Blatchley says “it reaches maturity about September 1, and frequents for the most part high, dry, open woods, especially those in which beech and oak trees predominate . . . In late October, if the season is dry, it is often found . . . among the reeds and tall rank grasses near the border of marshes.” bo =P) orp) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 76. MELANOPLUS JUVENCUS, new species. (Plate XVIII, fig. 1.) Pezotettiv puer SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), p. 87; (pars), Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 28. Brownish fuscous with a ferruginous tinge. Head not prominent, luteo-testaceous with an olivaceous tinge, flecked feebly with fuscous, above deeply infuscated; vertex feebly tumid, scarcely raised above the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes no wider than the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, sulcate throughout; frontal costa narrow, no wider than the interspace between the eyes, equal, percurrent, distinctly suleate excepting above, punctate; eyes large, prominent, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae dull luteous at base, growing rufescent beyond, apically infus- cated, about three-fifths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum sub- equal, the disk nearly plane but very broadly tectate, passing by an abrupt angle, forming a distinct lateral carina, into the slightly tumid, subvertical lateral lobes, which are marked above on the prozona by an exceptionally broad piceous belt, broader on the anterior than on the posterior section; median carina equally distinct throughout; front and hind margins truneate, the latter feebly emarginate in the middle; prozona longitudinal, very sparsely punctate, almost twice as long as the finely but obscurely ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, lobate, appressed, very blunt, suberect; interspace between mesosternal lobes a little longer than broad, the metasternal lobes approximate. Tegmina obovate, well rounded, twice as long as broad, longer than the head and pronotum together, attingent, uniform dark castaneous. Fore femora feebly tumescent; hind femora rufo luteous, olivaceous on the outer face, rather broadly and transversely bifasciate with fuscous, the whole geniculation blackish; hind tibiae pale, rather dingy greenish, with a lutescent basal annulus, the spines black almost or quite to the base, ten in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen slightly clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal plate rather long triangular, the lateral margins slightly elevated, a pair of short, distant, apical ridges, and the median suleus rather deep and conspicuous between sharp and rather high walls extending beyond the middle of the plate; fureula consisting of a pair of slight denticu_ lations oveilying the bases of the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci long and rather slender, tapering in the basal third only, beyond equal nearly to the tip, which is rounded but unequally curved, forming a blunt angle inferiorly, the whole fully four times as long as the median breadth, yet scarcely surpassing the tip of the supraanal plate, gently incurved apically, the whole lower margin straight; sub- genital plate small, considerably longer than broad, broader at base than at apex, the apical margin neither elevated nor prolonged, well rounded but feebly angulate, entire. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 267 Length of body, male, 17 mm.; antennae, 4.75 mm.; tegmina, 4.75. mm.; hind femora, 5 mm. One male. Fort Reed, Orange County, Florida, April 8, J. H. Com- stock. I carelessly included this in Pezotettix puer when originally described, but the description shows that it could not then have been examined carefully, for it differs obviously both in the male cereci and in tle tegmina. 77. MELANOPLUS FASCIATUS. (Plates I, fig. ec; XVIII, figs. 2-4.) Pezotettix borealis SCUDDER!, Can. Nat., VII (1868), p. 286; Bost. Journ.. Nat. Hist., VII (1868), p. 464.—SmituH, Proc. Portl. Soc. Nat. Hist., I (1868), p. 149.—PacKARD, Guide Ins. (1869), p. 569.—THomas, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1870 (1870), p. 78; Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1871), p. 265; Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V. (1873), p. 153.—ScuDDER!, Hitche. Rep. Geol. N. H., I (1874), p. 374; Daws. Geol. Rec. 49th Par. (1875), p. 343.—BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144.—THomas, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV (1878), p. 484.—GirARD, Traité Elém. d’Ent., II (1879), p. 246.—SCUDDER, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59; Rep. U. 8S. Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 307.—CAULFIELD, , Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71; Can. Rec. Sc., IL (1887), p. 401; Can. Orth. (1887), p. 18.—FERNALD, N. E. Orth. (1888), pp. 29,30; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric, C XV (1888), pp. 113, 114.—Morse, Psyche, VII (1894), pp. 53, 106.. Acridium fasciatum BARNSTON, MS., fide WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 680. Caloptenus fasciatus WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 680; Can. Ent., IV (1872), p. 30.—THomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 224.—CAULFIELD, Can. Ree. Sc., II (1887), p. 401; Can. Orth. (1887), p. 14. Melanoplus rectus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp. 284, 285; Ent. Notes., VI (1878), pp. 43, 44; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 71; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 60.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1888), p. 60.—FERNALD, Orth. N. E. (1888), pp. 31, 32; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XX V (1888), pp. 115, 116.—Morsk, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 53. Melanoplus curtus ScuDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 70-71; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 59.—BRUNER, Rep. U. 8S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 61; Can. Ent., XVII (1885), p. 17; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p. 28.—Morsk, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 53. Melanoplus fasciatus CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soe. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71. Melanoplus borealis BEUTENMULLER, Bull. Amer. Mus, Nat. Hist., VI (1894), p. 308. Of rather small size, dark fusco-plumbeous above, dark clay yellow below. Head not prominent, dull plumbeous flecked with griseous, above very dark fuscous with a broad postocular piceous band; vertex moderately tumid, distinctly elevated above the pronetum, the inter- space between the eyes as broad (male) or nearly half as broad again (female) as the basal antennal joint; fastigium strongly declivent, shal- lowly depressed, but with distinct and somewhat abrupt though rounded bounding walls, which diverge a very little in front of the eyes and then converge; frontal costa as broad as the interspace between the eyes, scarcely contracted above where its face is plane (male) or feebly 268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, in the male than in the female, percurrent, punctate; eyes rather small, not prominent, longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; anten- nae ferruginous, growing lutescent toward the base, dusky toward the tip, nearly or quite as long (male) or about two-thirds as long (female) as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, feebly expanding posteriorly especially in the female, the disk plano-convex, separated by a well- rounded but distinet shoulder from the vertical lateral lobes, brownish fuscous, sometimes fusco-testaceous and then generally punctate with ferruginous, the upper part of the lateral lobes with a broad piceous band crossing the prozona and sometimes continued as a feeble dusky cloud on the metazona; front border truncate, hind border broadly obtusangulate, the angle rounded; median carina distinet only on the metazona and at the front of the prozona, elsewhere obsolete or sub- obsolete; prozona feebly longitudinal (male) or feebly transverse (female), a very little longer than the minutely rugulose metazona. Prosternal spine short, stout, blunt, conical, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly half as long again as broad (male) or consid- erably transverse but shorter than the lobes (female), Tegmina either abbreviated, being one and a half to two and a half times as long as the pronotum and not nearly reaching the tips of the hind femora, tapering considerably beyond the basal expansion, sublanceolate and bluntly subacuminate (1. /. curtus); or far surpassing the hind femora, broad and subequal, very feebly tapering in the apical half and well rounded at tip (JZ. f. volaticus, Plate I, fig. ¢), wholly brownish fuscous or cinereo-fuscous, occasionally maculate toa greater or less degree, but generally slightly in the discoidal area, the anal area sometimes more cinereous than the rest, especially apically; wings in both forms hyaline with a scarcely perceptible yellowish tint, more or less densely but always feebly infumated at the tip, the veins and cross veins of the apical half blackish fuscous. Hind femora relatively longer in the female than in the male, dull luteo-testaceous, black at apex and at extreme base and bifasciate with black or blackish fuscous more or less broadly and obliquely, rarely transversely, the whole often confused and more or less blended on the outer face; beneath pale or dull red- dish; hind tibiae red, usually growing paler toward the base and some- times almost wholly pale greenish luteous, feebly reddening apically, the base generally pale or at least paler, with a small fuscous patellar spot, the spines black except at extreme base, nine to twelve, generally eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen strongly clavate, well upturned, the supraanal plate long triangular with well rounded acutangulate apex, the apical half depressed to a slightly lower plane, with a broad, equal, deep, median sulcus, bounded by high and sharp walls in a little more than the basal half; fureula consisting of a pair of minute, parallel, distant, tubercular teeth, twice as long as broad, resting outside the ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci simple, straight, and subequal, being contracted a little in the —= NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER,. 269 middle, about four times as long as the mean breadth, directed upward and backward, and the apical upper third incurved and externally tumid, the tip broadly rounded and often feebly downcurved; infracer- cal plates of the same length as the supraanal; subgenital plate pretty broad and subequal but longer than broad, the apical margin somewhat elevated, well rounded, entire. Basal tooth of lower valves of ovipositor Sharp, prominent, triangular, but much longer than broad. Length of body (Jl. f. curtus), male, 18.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; an- tennae, male, 10 mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 10 mm., female, 9.75 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11.75 mm. Length of body (J. f. volaticus), male, 19 mmm., female, 20 mm.; antenne, male, 9.75 inm., female, 7.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 17.5 mm., female, 17 mm.; hind femora, male, 11 mm., female, 12 mm. One hundred and thirty-five males, 192 females. Loon Lake, Colville Valley, Washington, July 25,8. Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zool- ogy); Laggan, Alberta, Bean; The Pas, Saskatchewan River, Rapids of the Saskatchewan River and Point Wigwam, Lake Winnipeg, Scudder (Museum Comparative Zoology; 8S. H. Scudder); Custer, Black Hills, South Dakota, Bruner (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Harneys Peak, Black Hills, South Dakota, 7,000 to 8,000 feet, Bruner (same); Colorado, 5,900 feet, Morrison; Colorado, Alpine, September (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Eagle Lake, Missouri, Packard (Museum Comparative Zoology); Charlevoix, Michigan, July 25, Walcott (L. Bruner); Nain, Labrador, W.M. Reed; Salmonier, Newfoundland, in sphagnum swamps, August 11-15, R. Thaxter; Anticosti, A. E. Verrill, August 1 (Museum Comparative Zoology); Moosehead Lake, Maine; Norway, Oxford County, Maine, 8S. I. Smith; Speckled Mountain, Stoneham, Oxford County, Maine, August 15, 18 (A. P. Morse; Museum Comparative Zoology); Mount Sargent, Mount Desert Island, Maine, August; Beth- lehem, Grafton County, New Hampshire, August 11-24 (S. Henshaw); White Mountain valleys, New Hampshire, late July (S. Henshaw; 8. H. Scudder); Mount Kearsarge, New Hampshire, 2,000 feet (A. P. Morse); Lynnfield, Essex County, Massachusetts, August 11 (8S. Henshaw); Winchendon, Worcester County, Massachusetts, July 4-5 (A. P. Morse); Warwick, Franklin County, Massachusetts, Miss A. M. Edmands (Museum Comparative Zoology); Dover, Norfolk County, Massachu- setts, June 26 (same); Dedham, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, June 14, July 17 (same); Milton and Blue Hills, Norfolk County, Massachu- setts, August 14 (S. Henshaw): Concord, Middlesex County, Massachu- setts; Waltham, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, July 24, September 5,9 (A. P. Morse; S. Henshaw); Sherborn, Middlesex County, Massa- chusetts, June 25, July 12, 15, August 6 (A. P. Morse; Museum Com- parative Zoology); Sudbury, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, July 10 (A. P. Morse); Belmont, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, August (same); Melrose, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, July 23 (S. Hen- Shaw); Forest Hills, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, June 24 (same); 270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Jamaica Plain, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, August 13, 15 (S. Hen- shaw; S. H. Seudder); Cape Cod, Massachusetts; Provincetown, Barn- stable County, Massachusetts, September 5( A. P. Morse; Museum Com- parative Zoology); West Chop, Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, July 4-30, August 2-6 (A. P. Morse); Thompson, Windham County, Connec- ticut, August 4 (same). A specimen (female) in the National Museum, from Alaska perhaps belongs here. The species has also been reported from Montana (Thomas), north- west Nebraska (Bruner), Souris River, Assiniboia (Scudder), Lake of the Woods, Manitoba (Caulfield), Minnesota (Scudder), mountains east of Middle Park, Colorado (Thomas), and New Jersey (Beutenmiiller). It therefore occurs in a broad belt along our northern border from the Atlantic nearly or quite to the Pacific. As seen in the above description, the species occurs in two forms, a moderately short-winged form, to which the name J. /. curtus (Plate XVIII, figs. 2-3) may be given (it was once described as curtus); and a very long and broad winged form, which may be ealled J. f. volaticus (Plates I, fig. e; XVIII, fig. 4). The latter is known only from Michi- gan, and was brought to my attention by Professor Bruner. During a recent visit to London, Mr. Samuel Henshaw, to whom I had given specimens of this species for the purpose, verified by com- parison with the types in the British Museum their identity with Walker’s Caloptenus fasciatus. 78. MELANOPLUS BOREALIS. (Plates I, fig.d; XVIII, fig. 5.) Gryllus grénlandicus KOLLAR, MS., Mus. Vien. (1853), fide FIEBER, Lotos, III, p. 120. Caloptenus borealis FIEBER, Lotos, JII (1853), p. 120; Syn. Eur. Orth. (1854), p. 20.—BRUNNER, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1861 (1861), p. 223; Orth. Stud. (1861), p. 3.—WatLkrr, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., 1V (1870), p. 678; Can. Ent., IV (1872), p. 30.—THoMAS, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 227.—BrUNER, U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59.—CAULFIELD, Can. Rec. Sce., II (1887), p.401; Can. Orth. (1887), p. 14. Pezotettixv septentrionalis SAUSSURE, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861 (1861), p. 159; Orth. Nov. Amer,, II (1861), p.10.—THomas, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 222.—ScupDER, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.—BruNrR, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p.58.—CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71; Can. Ree. Se., IL (1887), p. 401; Can. Orth. (1887), p. 13.—Morsr, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 53. ? Caloptenus anrcticus WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., 1V (1870), pp. 681-682; Can. Entom., [V (1872), p.30.—THomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Sury. Terr., V (1873), p. 226.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p.59.—CAULFIELD, Can. Ree. Se., II (1887), p. 401; Can. Orth. (1887), p. 14. Podisma septentrionalis WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 718; Can. Ent., IV (1872), p. 30. Melanoplus borealis CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71.— ScuppDER!, Psyche, VII (1895), p. 320. ? Melanoplus arcticus CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soe. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71. Ferrugineo-fuscous. Head not at all prominent, very sparsely pilose, rufo testaceous, sparsely punctate over the whole face and genae and NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER, PAT AL feebly flecked with fuscous; vertex very feebly tumid, not elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, half as broad again (male) or more than twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium moderately declivent, distinctly (male) or very teebly and broadly (female) suleate throughout; frontal costa about as broad as the interspace between the eyes, subequal, percurrent, plane (male) or convex (female) above, the puncta biseriately disposed, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus; eyes not large nor prominent, barely exceeding in length the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferru- ginous, increasingly infuscated beyond the middle, nearly three fourths (male) or scarcely one-half (female) as long as the hind femora. Prono- tum short, regularly and noticeably narrowing from behind forward by the gradual constriction of the upper portion, the lateral lobes being steeply and obliquely declivent on the prozona, vertical on the metazona, separated from the nearly plane disk by a tolerably sharp but rounded angle; median carina distinct and sharp on the metazona, indistinct and blunt on the prozona, subobsolete between the sulci; front margin faintly convex, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle rounded; prozona darker on the disk than the metazona, and on the lateral lobes furnished with a broad piceous postocular band, the disk quadrate (iale) or transverse (female), scarcely (male) or not (female) longer than the subruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, appressed conico-cylindrical, blunt, retrorse (male) or short, stout. strongly appressed cylindrical, blunt, suberect (female); interspace between mesosternal lobes feebly transverse, narrower than the lobes themselves in both sexes. Tegmina attaining the tips of the hind femora, moderately broad, tapering, well rounded apically, ruddy fus- cous, with feeblest possible sparse maculation in the discoidal area; wings not very broad, pellucid, with apically fuscous veins. Fore femora of male scarcely tumescent; hind femora dnill ferruginous, broadly bifasciate with blackish fuscous, often more or less confluent on the outer face, the genicular are black; hind tibiae red, the spines black throughout, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Extrem- ity of male abdomen clavate, upturned, the supraanal plate long trian- gular, the apex acutangulate, the basal half of the sides turned upward and in the middle contracted, with a broad, deep, triangular sulcus in the basal half, bounded by high but rounded walls which unite in the middle of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of adjacent, parallel, slender, tapering, acuminate, slightly depressed fingers, nearly reach- ing the middle of the supraanal plate; cerci feebly falciform, tapering a little in less than the basal half, the tip a little produced but rounded, the outer surface plane and rather coarsely punctate, not attaining the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate moderately broad, but con- siderably longer than broad, apically elevated and prolonged, the apical margin broadly rounded, subtransverse, and entire. Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 24 mm.; antenne, male, 7.5 272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. mim., female, 6 mm.:; tegmina, male, 14 mm., female, 15 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.2 mm., female, 12.2 mm. Seven males, 6 females. Coast of Labrador, beyond the timber line, at latitude 59° north, Jewell D. Sornberger (specimens collected in spirits). Fieber also reports it from Greenland and North Cape, Norway. Itis, however, not included in the European fauna either by H. Fischer or by Brunner von Wattenwyl; yet Fieber credits specimens to the Vienna Museum, in which city Brunner lives. Hofrath Brunner writes me that he. possesses specimens from Labrador, Hudson Bay, and Valdivia, Chile. I can not forbear expressing a doubt about the accuracy of this last locality. As Melanoplus and Podisma are the genera of Melanopli most abun- dant in forms and most widely spread, the former being especially true of Melanoplus, and as the present form is the species of Melanoplus most nearly allied to Podisma, and, like most of the species of the latter genus, is peculiar to high latitudes or altitudes, it seems proper to regard JM. borealis as an arehaic form, perhaps more nearly than any other resembling the original form from which the Melanopli as a whole have descended. Mr. Samuel Henshaw recently compared for me a female specimen of this species from Labrador with Walker’s type of Caloptenus arcticus in the British Museum. He found them to agree except in length of wings, which in Walker’s specimen, a unique, **extend slightly beyond the abdomen;” the prosternal spine was the same. I have accordingly introduced it in the synonymy with a question mark; if it belongs here the range of the species should be extended to whatever point it may lave been in ** Arctic Ainerica” that Doctor Kae collected his specimen. The specimens which I have seen were taken by Mr. Sornberger August 15-16 at the Esquimaux village of Rama. He tells me that they were all taken on the banks of a mountain brook fed by the melt- ing snows of the summit near by. They were most abundant where the vegetation was most luxuriant at the bo:ders of the brook; none were found below an elevation of 200 feet nor above 1,500 feet, at which altitude herbaceous plants became few and scattering. Mr. Sornber- ger can not say upon what it fed, but it was not found on any of the shrubby plants common there—Betula, Vaccinium, Ledum, Salix, Empetrum, ete., though he thinks he saw it on some of the Cyperaceae. 18. ALLENI SERIES. In this small series the prozona of the male is slightly longitudinal, and the interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex only a little longer than broad. The antennae are very long. The tegmina are always abbreviate, but vary considerably, being either elliptical, attingent, and about as long as the pronotum, or lanceolate, overlap: ping and reaching a little beyond the middle of the hind femora. The : ; se NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 273 latter are rather short, and the hind tibiae either red or glaucous, with nine to eleven spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate is triangular, with raised margins; the furcula consists of a pair of slight and distant or very distant projections; the cerci are stout and heavy, two or three times as long as broad, mesially contracted and apically angulate; the subgenital plate is broad, broader than long by the greater or less elevation of the entire and well-rounded apical margin. There are but two species known, of medium size, one from New Mexico and the other from Iowa and Dakota. 79. MELANOPLUS ALLENI, new species. (Plate XVIII, fig. 6.) Of medium size, blackish fuscous, with a ferruginous tinge. Head not prominent, ferrugineo-testaceous more or less infuscated, above with a broad, enlarging, median, fuscous stripe, and a broad piceous postoc. ular band; vertex rather tumid, a little elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes fully half as broad again as the firss antennal joint; fastigium rapidly declivent, very feebly and very broadly suleate; frontal costa percurrent, subequal, a little narrower above, about as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate at aud below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes rather large and prominent, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferruginous, almost as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal but slightly enlarging on the metazona, with a broad piceous postocular band confined to the prozona, but sometimes appearing very faintly on the metazona, the disk broadly convex and passing by a rounded shoulder nowhere forming lateral carinae into the anteriorly faintly tumid vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct on the metazona, subobsolete or obsolete on the prozona; front margin trun- cate, hind margin very obtusangulate; prozona longitudinally sub- quadrate, about a third longer than the densely and finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, stout, conical; interspace between mesosternal lobes slightly longer than broad. Tegmina moderately abbreviate, reaching a little beyond the middle of the hind femora, moderately broad at base, tapering distinctly and pretty uniformly to a strongly rounded tip, ferrugineo-fuscous. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora moderately short but not very stout, flavo-testaceous, obliquely bifasciate with fuscous, the under surface pale carmine, the whole geniculation fuscous; hind tibiae pale red, infuscated at base with a pale annulus beyond, the spines black beyond their base, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Ex- tremity of male abdomen clavate, strongly recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, with acutangulate apex, feebly and narrowly compressed mnesially, with a transverse median plica, the margins broadly and cori- siderably elevated, the median suleus pereurrent between moderately Proc. N. M. vol. xx——18 274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. high and rather sharp walls; furcula consisting of a pair of minute, dis- tant denticulations; cerei moderately broad and stout at base, gradu- ally narrowing to two-thirds the width in the middle, beyond very . faintly enlarging, the tip rounded but slightly angulate, the whole sub- erect, feebly incurved, and only apically strongly compressed, fully as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate as broad as long by the considerable rounded elevation of the apical margin, which has a scarcely perceptible thickening, is entire, and, as seen from above, regularly and strongly arcuate, with no lateral angles, the base of the lateral margins rectangulate, slightly incurved. Length of body, male,17mm.; antennae, 10 mm.; tegmina, 9 mm.; hind femora, 10.75 mm. Two males. Crawford County, Iowa, July 13-24, J. A. Allen; explor- ations in Dakota under General Sully, 8S. M. Rothhammer. This species is very closely related to Mel. fasciatus, but has an api- cally broader, less thickened, and regularly arcuate subgenital plate, and slightly different cerci, these being considerably broader at base than apically. Itis named for my ornithological friend, Mr.J. A. Allen, of the American Museum of Natural History, who many years ago obtained for me much of the material on which this memoir is based. 80. MELANOPLUS SNOWII, new species. (Plate XVIII, fig. 7.) Of medium size, moderately stout, dark brownish fuscous. Head not prominent, pallid testaceous more or less begrimed with fuscous, above almost wholly fuscous, separated by a pallid testaceous streak from the broad piceous postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, ele- vated slightly above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes nearly (male) or fully (female) half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fastigium gently declivent, broadly and in the female slightly suleate; frontal costa fading before the clypeus, equal, nearly (male) or quite (female) as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly sul- cate at and briefly below the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes moder- ately large, moderately and in the two sexes equally prominent, but little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae basally ferruginous. Pronotum feebly and gradually enlarging from in front posteriorly, the disk blackish fuscous with lateral stripes of pallid testa- ceous at least in the male, the lateral lobes testaceous or ferruginous, with a very broad piceous postocular band confined to the prozona; disk considerably convex, passing by a slight shoulder (better marked in the female than in the male and forming feeble lateral carinae) into the tumid but inferiorly vertical lateral lobes; median carina low but tolerably distinct, equal, percurrent; front margin truncate, hind mar- gin rotundato-obtusangulate; prozona longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), nearly a half (male) or about a fourth (female) longer than the shallowly but closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine stout and not No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 275 very long, appressed conical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesoster- nal lobes a little longer than broad (male) or distinctly transverse but narrower than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate, about as long as the pronotum, attingent, elliptical, but attenuate basally, well rounded apically, a little less than twice as long as broad, dark brownish fuscous. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora not very slender, blackish fuscous on the upper two-thirds of the outer face inclosing a small median testaceous spot, fuscous on the upper face externally, with the outer carina dull flavous, the inner face and inner half of upper face flavous more or less broadly bimaculate or bifasciate with fuscous, the lower third of outer face flavous, becoming pale orange below like the lower face, the genicular are black and the lower genicu- lar lobe more or less infuscated; hind tibiae pale red or glaucous, pallid at extreme base, the spines black on the apical half, nine to eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen strongly clavate, strongly recurved, the supraanal plate concealed in the single specimen seen; furcula consisting of a pair of very distant, very slight, parallel spines, shorter than the last dorsal segment; cerci large and broad, wholly inbent, subequal laminae, somewhat and not very broadly constricted in the middle, the apical portion as broad as and longer than the basal, and broadly and angularly suleate, apically angulate, the whole somewhat more than twice as long as broad; subgenital plate somewhat longer than the basal breadth, subequal except for the ele- vation of the apical margin, which, as seen from above, is transverse, entire, and makes the apical breadth equal to the length. Length of body, male, 17.5 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 4.5 mm.; hind femora, male and female, 11 mm. One male, 1 female. Magdalena, Socorro County, New Mexico, July, F, H. Snow (University of Kansas). The antennae of both specimens are imperfect. The species is named for Chancellor I’. H. Snow, of the University of Kansas, and Mr. W. A. Snow, of the same institution, father and son, entomologists of note. 19. FEMUR-RUBRUM SERIES. This is a dominant and homogeneous group of medium or rather small- sized species, in which the male prozona varies from slightly transverse to slightly longitudinal, and the interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex is as in the spretus series. The tegmina are always fully developed or a little abbreviated (so as to fall a little short of the tip of the hind femora), immaculate or slightly maculate along the middle line. The hind tibiae are. normally red and have ten to fourteen spines in the outer series. The supraanal plate is clypeate, longer than broad and mesially con- Stricted. The fureula consists of a pair of parallel or nearly parallel, long or moderately long, generally separated, slender, tapering, sub- 3) cylindrical fingers or spines. The cerci are compressed subfalcate Pts PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XX. - laminae, the apical half generally about half as broad as the base, arcuate and with the upper inner portion of the tip produced. The subgenital plate is peculiar for being very broad at base and narrowing so as to be at apex only about half as broad as at base (which does not show in the figures), the whole lower margin nearly straight while the upper is sinuous, the apical margin not elevated, entire (in one species very broadly and shallowly emarginate, or rather laterally tuberculate) and, as viewed above, broadly rounded. The species, five in number, are spread all over the continent from Atlantic to Pacific, from central Labrador to central Florida, and from central Alaska, the Mackenzie River and Hudson Bay to Texas and central Mexico; they also extend to high altitudes above the forest line. No other series of Melanoplus has quite so wide an area of distribution, the bivittatus series, however, approaching it closely. 81. MELANOPLUS PLUMBEUS. (Plate XVI, fig. 8.) Caloptenus plumbum DopGE!, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 112.—THomas, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42.—BRUNER, ibid., III (1883), p. 60. Melanoplus plumbeus BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. 8. Dep. Agric., X VIII (1893), pp. 32-88, fig. 16; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., I1I (1893), p. 28. Of medium size, very dark fusco-olivaceous, with bright luteous or flavous markings. Head feebly prominent, mostly luteous or flavous, more or less infuscated above and especially clouded or flecked with fuscous along the lateral margins of the fastigium and posterior to them, and with a blackish postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, the interspace between the eyes nearly (male) or more than (female) half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply decliv- ent, feebly expanding anteriorly, shallowly suleate throughout; frontal costa somewhat prominent above, slightly contracted between the antennae, otherwise subequal and as wide as the interspace between the eyes, hardly reaching the clypeus, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate throughout; eyes moderately large, not very prominent, distinctly longer, especially in the female, than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae more or less ferruginous, apically infuscated, less than three-fourths (male) or hardly more than one-half (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, very feebly and uniformly expanding posteriorly, especially in the female, the disk dark fusco-olivaceous, with a slender, median, flavous stripe and more or less distinct lateral stripes of the same upon the ecarinae, expanding upon the metazona, the lateral lobes mostly flavous (some- times obscured with fuscous), the prozona marked above with a broad piceous band; disk nearly plane, passing by abruptly rounded shoul- ders, hardly forming true carinae, into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct but slight throughout, hardly less elevated on the pro- zona; front margin truncate, hind margin obtusangulate; prozona No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. OTT quadrate or feebly longitudinal (male) or a little transverse (female), scarcely or not longer than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, erect, cylindrical, in the female slightly appressed, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully half as long again as broad (male) or feebly transverse (female). Tegmina generally sur- passing alittle the hind femora, of moderate breadth, distinctly tapering, olivaceo-fuscous, immaculate or with a feeble line of minute maculations along the discoidal area; wings hyaline, glistening and iridescent, with pale fuscous veins darker next the apex. Fore and middle femora scarcely tumid in the male; hind femora blackish olivaceous on the outer face excepting sometimes on the lower margin, elsewhere flavous or juteo-flavous, with two broad blackish olivaceous maculations above, especially on the inner side; hind tibiae feebly valgate, red, the spines black excepting at base, eleven to thirteen in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen considerably clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate subclypeate but mesially contracted, apically rectangulate, the margins considerably elevated, forming deep valleys between them and the opposite curved ridges border- ing the median sulcus; the latter is deep, gradually contracts toward the middle and then rapidly expands and shallows (in the specimen chosen for illustration the apical portion is concealed); fureula consist- ing of a pair of basally adjacent, apically tapering, parallel, acuminate fingers, nearly half as long as the supraanal plate, lying in the valleys of the same; cerci subfalciform lamellae, which taper rapidly in the basal half and beyond are less than half as broad, slightly incurved and upceurved, apically tapering by the curve of the lower margin, the tip blunt and falling short of the extremity of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate broad at base, narrowing rapidly, the extremity hardly more than half as broad as the base, the lateral margins strongly areu- ate, the apical margin even, entire, well rounded. Length of body, male 20 mm., female 25 mm.; antennae, male 8.5 mm., female 6.75 mm.; tegmina, male 17 mm., female 17.5 mm.; hind femora, male 12 mm., female 13.25 mm. Fifteen males, 29 females. Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison (S. Hen- shaw; S. H. Seudder; U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700 feet, August 30-31; Colorado Springs, El Paso County, Colorado, August, E. 8S. Tucker (University of Kansas); Manitou, El Paso County, Colorado (lL. Bruner); Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas, October 31; Nebraska, Dodge. Dodge originally described it from Glencoe, Dodge County, Nebraska, and it has since been recorded by Bruner from Canyon City, Fremont County, Colorado, and the plains of Wyoming. This species, especially in life, is strikingly different from the next two in coloring, though the male abdominal appendages are exceedingly similar. According to Bruner. it is more clumsy in its movements than M. femur-rubrum. OTs PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 82, MELANOPLUS FEMUR-RUBRUM. (Plates I, fig.h; XIX, figs. 1-4.) Acridium femur-rubrum DE GEER!, Mém. Hist. Ins., III (1773), p. 498, pl. xxi, fig. 5.—GOEZE, De Geer, Gesch. Ins., III (1780), p. 324, pl. xii, fig. 5.—HaRruis, Hitche. Rep. Mass. (1833), p.583; ibid., 2d ed. (1835), p.576; Cat. Anim. Mass. (1835), p.56; Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg. (1841, 1842), p. 141; ibid., 2d ed. (1852), p. 151; ibid., 3d ed. (1862), p. 174. Gryllus (Locusta) femur-rubrum GOEZE, Ent. Beytr., II (1778), p. 115. Gryllus (Locusta) erythropus GMELIN, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, Pt. rv (1788), p. 2086. Acridium femorale OLIVIER, Enc. Méth., VI (1791), p. 228. Gryllus erythropus TURTON, Syst. Nat. Linn., II (1806), p. 568. Caloptenus femur-rubrum BURMEISTER, Handb. Entom., II (1838), p. 638.—PAcK- ARD, Rep. Nat. Hist. Me., 1861 (1861), p. 374.—ScuDDER, Can. Nat., VII (1862), p.287; Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VII (1862), p. 464.—Watsu, Trans. Ill. St. Agric. Soc., V (1865), p.497; Pract. Ent., II (1866), p. 1.—GLoVER, Rep. U.S. Dep. Agric., 1867 (1867), p. 65.—PAcKARD, Amer. Nat., I (1867), p. 330.—Scup- DER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XII (1868), p. 87.—SmirH, Proc. Portl. Soc. Nat. Hist., I (1868), p. 150.—Watsu, Rep. Ins. IIll., 1 (1868), p. 99.—WatsH, RILEY, Amer. Ent., I (1868), p. 16.—PAcKARD, Guide Ins. (1869), p. 569.— R[ATHVON], Amer. Ent., II (1869-70), p.88.—WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., [V(1870), p. 678.—GLOVER, Rep. U.S. Dep. Agric., 1870 (1870), p. 76, fig. 32; ibid., 1871 (1871), p. 78, fig. 12.—K6prEN, Peterm. Geogr. Mitth., 1871 (1871), p. 361.—THomas, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1871), p. 265; (pars), ibid., V (1872), p. 451.—DopGE, Can. Ent., LV (1872), p. 15.—SmitTH, Rep. Conn. Bd. Agric., 1872 (1872), pp. 362, 381, fig.— WALKER, Can. Ent., IV (1872), p.30.—LEBaRon, Ann. Rep. Nox. Ins. Ill., II (1872), p. 158.—Scup- DER, Fin. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. (1872), pp. 250, 252, 253-257.—GLOVER, Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth. (4872), pl. v, fig. 11, pl. vu, fig. 2; Rep. U. S. Dep. Agric., 1872 (1872), p. 121; ibid., 1873 (1873), p. 136, fig.6.—THOMAS (pars), Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 163.—Packarp, Amer. Nat., VIII (1874), p. 502.—RitEy, Ann. Rep. Ins. Mo., VII (1875), p. 126, figs. 26, 29.— BETHUNE, Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1874 (1875), fig. 33—TuHomas, Key III. Orth. (1875), p. 3; Proc. Dav. Acad. Sc., I (1876), p. 260; Bull. Ill. Mus. Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 68.—WHITMAN, Grasshopper (1876), pp. 18-19, 2 figs.— RILEY, Rep. Ins. Mo., VIII (1876), pp. 114-118, 153; ibid., IX (1877), p. 86; Loc. Plague (1877), pp. 14-17, 27, figs. 1, 4.—BrEssEy, Bienn. Rep. Iowa Agric. Coll., VII (1877), p. 209.—PackaRpD, Amer. Nat., XI (1877), p.422.—RILEy, ibid., XI (1877), p. 665.— BRUNER, Can. Ent., [X (1877), p. 144.—THoMas, Rep. Ent. Ill., VI (1877), p.45; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV (1878), p. 499; Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), pp. 50-52; Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878 (1878), p. 1845.—PackarD, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), pp. 77, 135, [141-144].— RILEY, ibid., I (1878), pp. 220, 224, 225, 226, 284, 299, 444-446, 447, 458, pl. 113 Amer. Nat., XII (1878), p. 285.—THomas, Rep. Ent. I]., VII (1878), pp. 35, 38-40, figs. 5, 7.—GIRARD, Traité élém, d’ent., II (1879), p. 248.—RILEy, Amer. Ent., III (1880), p. 220.4+-THomas, Rep. Ent. lIl., IX (1880), pp. 91, 95-96, 124-126, figs. 22-23; Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., II (1881), pp. 106-107.—PAcKaRD, Amer. Nat., XV (1881), pp. 285-302, 372-379, pl.1; Nat. Leis. Hour, V (1881), No. 4, p.8, figs. —BowLEs, Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1880(1881), p. 29, fig. 11.— LINTNER, Ins. Clover (1881), p. 5; Ann. Rep. Ins. N. Y., I (1882), p. 7, fig. 3b.— GraTacaP, Amer. Nat., XVI (1882), p. 1022..—_BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), pp. 10, 14, 54.—SaunpERs, Ins. Inj. Fruit (1883), p. 157, fig. 164.— OsBorN, Bull. lowa Agric. Coll., Dept. Ent., II (1884), p. 88.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent., 1884 (1885), p. 399.—CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soe. Ont., XVIII (1886), pp. 66, 67, fig. 20.—Coox, Ent. Amer., I (1886), p. 209; Beal’s Grasses N, A., I MQM ec. i ae oat oe ue eT aie NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 279 (1887), pp. 373, 396, 409, fig. 157.—RiLery, Ins. Life, I (1888), p. 87.—WeEEp, Bull. Ohio Exp. St., Techn. Ser., I (1889), p. 40.—LuGGER, Rep. Agric. Exp. St. Minn. (1889), p. 339, figs. 12, 14; Bull. Agric. Exp. St. Minn., VIII (1889), pp. 32, 33, pl. 11.—MANN, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., II (1890), p. 73.—Packarp, Ins. Inj. For. (1890), p. 513.—RiLey, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXV (1891), pp. 27-28, fig. 5—OsBorN, Goss, Bull. Iowa Exp. St., XIV (1891), p. 175.—HowarbD, Ins. Life, VII (1895), p. 274.—WiLLcox, Buil. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXVII (1895), pp. 9-28, pls. I-v; ibid., XXIX (1896), pp. 193-203, pls. I-III. Acridium (Caloptenus) femur-rubrum DE Haan, Bijdr. Kenn. Orth. (1842), p. 143.— RATHVON, Rep. U.S. Dep. Agric., 1862 (1862), p. 384, pl., fig. 23. Pezotettix (Melanoplus) femur-rubrum STAL, Ree. Orth., I (1873), p. 79. “Melanoplus femur-rubrum SCUDDER!, Hitche. Rep. Geol. N. H., I (1874), p. 375; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp. 285, 287; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 44,46; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., II (1881), App., p. 24.—BruUNER, ibid., III (1883), p.60; Can. Ent., XVII (1885), p. 17; (pars), Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 137.—FLETCHER, Rep. Ent. Can., 1885 (1885), p. 10, fig. 2.—CauL- FIELD, Can. Ent., XVIII (1886), p. 212.—RiLEy, Rep. U.S. Ent., i885 (1886), p. 233.—BRUNER, ibid., 1885 (1886), pp. 303, 307; Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XIII (1887), p.33; Rep. Ent. Nebr. Bd. Agric., 1888 (1888), p. 88, fix. 5.—CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1888), p. 71.—Comsrock, Intr. Ent. (1888), pp. 108, 110, figs. 83, 98.—FERNALD, Orth. N. E. (1888), pp. 31, 33; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XX V (1888), pp. 115, 117.—F LETCEER, Rep. Exp. Farms Can., 1888 (1889), p. 63, fig. 6; Ann. Rep. Ent. Soe. Ont., XIX (1889), . p. 10, fig. 7.— RILEY, Ins. Life, II (1889), p. 87.—Davis, Ent. Amer., V (1889) p. 81.—SmiruH, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 412.—LInTNER, Rep. Ins. N.Y., VI (1890), pp. 151-153, fig. 23.—KOEBELE, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agric., XXII (1890), p. 94.—TOWNSEND, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., II (1891), p. 48.—BuLaTcH- LEY, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 98.—BRUNER, ibid., XXIII (1891), p. 194; Ins. Life, III (1891), p. 229; ibid., IV (1891), p. 22; Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXII (1891), pp. 48-49.—SouTuHwick, Ins. Life, IV (1891), p. 24.—Cook, ibid., IV (1891), p. 24.—WEBSTER, ibid., IV (1891), p. 24.—SouTHwick, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXII (1891), p. 5.—Coox. ibid., XXII (1891), p. 5.—WeEBsTER, ibid., XXII (1891), p.5.—BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. 8. Dep. Agric., XXIII (1891), p.59.—MCNEILL, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 74.—OsBoRrN, Goss, Bull. Iowa Agric. Exp. St., XV (1891), p. 267.—BRUNER, Ann. Rep. St. Bd. Agric. Nebr., 1891 (1891), pp. 243, 306, fig. 80; Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XX VII (1892), pp. 24, 33.—OsBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt. m (1892), p. 118.—KELLOGG, Inj. Ins. Kans. (1892), pp. 41-42.—Smiru, Bull. N. J. Exp. St., XC (1892), pp. 4, 6, 31, fig. 4f.—ScupDDER, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXIII (1893), p. 75.—BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p. 28; Rep. Nebr. St. Bd. Agric., 1893 (1893), pp. 458-459, fig. 98.—OsBorn, Ins. Life, V (1893), pp. 323-325; ibid., VI (1893), pp. 80-81; Papers Iowa Ins. (1893), p.57, fig. 27.—Smiru, Ent. News, IV (1893), p. 48.—TOWNSEND, Ins. Life, VI (1893), p.31.—BrunerR, Bull. Diy. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XX VIII (1893), pp. 30-82, fig. 15; ibid., XXX (1893), p.35; Rep. St. Agric. Soc. Nebr., 1894 (1894), pp. 163, 205, fig. 68.—ASHMEAD, Ins. Life, VII (1894), p. 26.—Morsg, Psyche, VII (1894), pp. 53, 106.—BEUTEN- MULLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894), p. 306, pl. vim, fig. 7.— COCKERELL, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX (1894), p. 337.—BRUNER, Nebr. St. Hort. Rep., 1895 (1895), p. 69.—Comsrock, Elem. Ins. Anat. (1895), pp. 8-27; Man. Study Ins. (1895), p. 110, fig. 120.—LINTNER, Rep. St. Mus. N. Y., XLVIII (1895), pp. 440-445, fig. 19.—WuILLcox, Observer, VII (1896), pp. 184-192, figs. 1-4, 6-9, 11-16. Caloptenus devorator SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., X VII (1875), pp. 474- 475; Ent. Notes, IV (1875), pp. 73-74; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 18-19.—THOMAs, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42. 280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Caloptenus sanguinolentus PROVANCHER!, Nat. Can,, VIII (1876), p. 109. Caloptenus atlanis PROVANCHER!, Faune Ent. Can., IT (1877), p. 35. Pezotettix femur-rubrum STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V (1878), No. 9, p. 13.—ForBEs, Rep. Ins. Il., XIII (1884), pp. 62, 87, pl. x, fig. 1; ibid., XIV (1885), p. 23.—WEED, Misc. Ess. Econ. Ent. Il. (1886), p. 48.—Hunrt, ibid. (1886), pp. 119, 126.—WEED, Rep. Ent. I1l., XV (1889), p. 40.—GARMAN, Orth. Ky. (1894), pp. 3, 8 Melanoplus interior SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 71-72; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 60-61.—BRUNER, Rep. U S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), ». OL. Melanapiie devorator SCUDDER, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 84. Caloptenus (Melanoplus) femur-rubrum CAULFIELD, Can. Ree. Sc., IT (1887), p. 401; Can. Orth. (1887), p. 17. Of medium size, brownish fuscous, often with a more or less feeble ferruginous tinge, particularly in the female. Head a little prominent, olivaceo-plumbeous, above much infuscated, especially in a pair of wid- ening stripes behind the lateral margins of the fastigium, and with a piceous postocular stripe; interspace between the eyes distinctly wider than (male) or fully twice as wide as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium strongly declivent, considerably (male) or shallowly (female) suleate, but variable; frontal costa just failing to reach the clypeus, subequal, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, sulcate at and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes moderately prom- inent in the male, not at all so in the female, much longer, especially in the male, than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae fer- ruginous or luteo-ferruginous, often a little infuscated apically, about four-fifths (male) or three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum feebly and rather regularly expanding posteriorly, the disk faintly convex and passing by a well-rounded shoulder (somewhat abruptly on the metazona) into the anteriorly tumid vertical lateral lobes, the disk generally darker than the lower portion of the lat- eral lobes (occasionally by a darker punctation) sometimes irregularly marked with luteous, the upper part of the lateral lobes crossed by a broad piceous band on the prozona, the lower portion more or less closely copying the coloring of the face but usually a little darker; median carina slight, percurrent, a little (rarely much) less distinct on the prozona than on the metazona; front margin subtruncate, very faintly and very narrowly flaring, at least in the male; hind margin obtusangulate, more obtusely in the female than in the male; prozona quadrate or feebly longitudinal (male) or feebly transverse, rarely quad- rate (female), slightly or not longer than the closely but shallowly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather large, appressed cylindrical, very blunt, often mesially constricted a little, feebly retrorse; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad (male) or a little longer than broad (female). Tegmina (Plate I, fig. h) almost invari- ably surpassing, sometimes but slightly, more often considerably, the hind femora, of moderate breadth, distinctly though very gradually tapering, brownish fuscous, sometimes immaculate, sometimes sprinkled NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 281 with fuscous dots of greater or less depth and distinctness throughout the greater part of the discoidal area, but rarely to any considerable extent or conspicuousness beyond the middle; wings moderately broad, hyaline, glistening, with fuscous veins and cross veins darkest apically and anteriorly. Thoracic pleura piceous or blackish fuscous, the meta- thoracic episterna with a mesial streak of flavous of greater or less clarity. Fore and middle femora distinctly but not greatly tumid in the male; hind femora olivaceo-testaceous, more or less heavily and very variably obscured or clouded with fuscous, the fuscous coloring generally confined to the upper half, and above generally concentrated in two fasciae, which sometimes extend partly in an oblique direction on the outer face, but generally in a very obscure fashion, if at all, while the whole under surface and at least the basal half of the inner surface is more or less impure flavous, sometimes deepening, especially beneath, to ferruginous or even carmine; hind tibiae normally red, sometimes with a slight fuscous patellar spot, occasionally more or less tinged with yellowish, very rarely pale green with a yellowish tinge, the spines black nearly to their base, ten to thirteen, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen rather strongly clavate, well recurved, the supraanal plate clypeate, strongly and rather abruptly contracted mesially, the apex subrect- angulate, the lateral margins elevated, the apical portion more or less deflexed, the median sulcus rather large, not very deep, bounded by moderate but rather abrupt walls, apically expanding and obsoles- cent; furcula consisting of a pair of subparallel or sometimes feebly divergent, tapering, subacuminate, apically well separated, more or less feebly depressed fingers, falling a little short of the middle of the supraanal plate, and except at extreme base lying on the outer side of the ridges bounding its median suleus; cerci rudely subfalciform, com- pressed laminae, tapering considerably and rather rapidly from base to middle, beyond that subequal but apically very obliquely truncate, so that the upper angle is considerably produced but blunt, the whole somewhat incurved and failing to reach the tip of the supraanal plate; infracercal plates exceedingly broad at base, extending laterally far beyond the sides of the cerci, as long as the supraanal plate; subgeni- tal plate very short apically so as to be less than half the breadth of the base, the lower margin straight, the lateral margin very sinuous, the apical margin not elevated, strongly rounded, entire. Length of body, male, 23.5 mm., female, 24.5 mm.; antennae, male, 10 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 21.5 mm., female, 19.75 mm.; hind femora, male, 13 mm., female, 14.25 mm. Five hundred and seven males, 556 females. Halifax, Nova Scotia, H. Piers; Montreal, Canada, Caulfield; Grand Manan Island (Museum Comparative Zoology); Eastport, Washington County, Maine, Verrill (same); Moosehead Lake, Maine; Norway, Oxford County, Maine, Smith (Museum Comparative Zoology); Bridgton, Cumberland County, 282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Maine (S. Henshaw); York, Maine (same); Bethlehem, Grafton County, New Hampshire, L. Agassiz (Museum Comparative Zoology; 8S. Hen- shaw); White Mountains, New Hampshire, the subalpine region and valleys (S. H. Scudder; S. Henshaw; A. P. Morse); Hancock, Hillsboro County, New Hampshire (S. Henshaw); Mount Kearsarge, 2,000 to 3,251 feet (A. P. Morse); Sudbury, Rutland County, Vermont; Bridport, Addi- son County, Vermont, Miss A. M. Edmands (Museum Comparative Zoology); Chateaugay Lake, Adirondacks, New York, 2,000 feet, F. C. Bowditch; summit of Greylock, Berkshire County, Massachusetts (A. P. Morse; 8S. H. Scudder); Williamstown, Berkshire County, Massa- chusetts; Adams, Berkshire County, Massachusetts (A. P. Morse); Springfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts, Allen (Museum Com- parative Zoology); Warwick, Franklin County, Massachusetts, Miss A. M. Edmands (same); North Andover, Essex County, Massachusetts, Emerton (same); Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts, Kingsley (same) ; numerous localities in the vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts (Museum Comparative Zoology; A. P. Morse; S. Henshaw; 8. H. Scudder); Prov- incetown, Barnstable County, Massachusetts; Nantucket, Massachusetts (S. Henshaw; S. H. Seudder); Penikese island, Massachusetts (Mu- seum Comparative Zoology); Canaan and South Kent, Litchfield County, Connecticut (A. P. Morse); Long Island, New York; Mary- land, Uhler; Washington, D. C. (Museum Comparative Zoology; U.S.N.M.; S. Henshaw); Pattonville, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, Shaler (Museum Comparative Zoology); Vigo County, Indiana (W.S. Blatehley); Agricultural College, Mississippi, H. E. Weed; Michigan, M. Miles; Detroit, Michigan, H. Gillman; Illinois, Thomas (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); northern Illinois, Kennicott; Ogle County, Illinois, Allen; Chicago, Cook County, Illinois; West Northfield, Cook County, Illinois, Kennicott (Museum Comparative Zoology); Moline, Rock Island County, Hlinois, McNeill; southern Illinois, Barnes (Museum Compara- tive Zoology); Newport, Campbell County, Kentucky, Willard (Mu- seum Comparative Zoology); Minnesota; Winnipeg, Manitoba, Kenni- cott; Muscatine, lowa, Witten (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Dallas County, Iowa, Allen, ‘‘rather common;” Crawford County, Iowa, Allen; Brookfield, Linn County, Missouri, E. P. Austin; Bushberg, Jefferson County, Missouri (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); St. Louis, Missouri (same; S. H. Scudder); New Madrid, Missouri, Kennicott; Boone County, Missouri (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Topeka, Kansas; West Point, Cuming County, Nebraska (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Nebraska City, Otoe County, Nebraska, Hayden; Platte River, Nebraska, Hayden; Fort Robinson, Dawes County, Nebraska (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Colorado (same); Denver, Colorado; Garden of the Gods, El Paso County, Colorado; Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700 feet; Garland, Costilla County, Colorado, 8,000 feet; Colorado, latitude 38°, Lieu- tenant Beckwith; Fruita, Mesa County, Colorado (U.S.N.M.); White River, Rio Blanco County, Colorado; Dakota, Rothhammer; Yellow- stone, Hayden; Yellowstone, Montana (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 283 Montana (same); Yellowstone National Park; Salmon City, Lemhi County, Idaho (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection; L. Bruner); British Columbia and Vancouver Island, Crotch; Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon, H. Edwards (S. H. Scudder; U.S.N.M.—Riley collecticn); Sissons, Siskiyou County, California, Packard (same); Sierra Nevada, Wheeler’s Expedition, 1876; Camp Hallock, Nevada, E. Palmer; Glen- brook, Douglas County, Nevada (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Utah (L. Bruner); Utah, Packard (Museum Comparative Zoology); Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 4,300 feet (S. H. Scudder; U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Spring Lake Villa, Utah County, Utah, E. Palmer (same); Provo, Utah County, Utah; Wahsatch Mountains, near Beaver, Utah, Palmer; Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona, E. Palmer; Las Cruces, Donna Ana County, New Mexico, Cockerell (lL. Bruner); Texas, Bel- frage, Lincecum; Dallas, Texas, Boll (S. H. Seudder; U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas (U.S.N.M.—Riley col- lection); Carrizo Springs, Dimmit County, Texas, A. Wadgymar (L. Bruner); Mexico, Botteri, Sumichrast; Guanajuato, Mexico (U.S.N.M.); Queretaro, Mexico (L. Bruner); Otoyac, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 2,700 feet (Same), It has also been reported from Arctic America! (Walker); Great Bear Lake! (Scudder); Labrador! (Packard); Canada (Bethune, Caul. field, Fletcher); Quebec (Provancher) ; Mount Ktaadn, Maine(Packard); New Jersey (Smith); Pennsylvania (De Geer); Ohio and West Vir- ginia (Glover); Kentucky (Glover, Garman); Tennessee (De Haan), and Wyoming (Thomas). Specimens from Florida which I formerly referred to this species probably belong to the next. It therefore appears to inhabit the entire United States and the set- tled parts of Canada, excepting only Alaska and also the southeastern United States (where it is replaced by the next species), and occurs south of our border as far as central Mexico. The species described by me as JV. interior was based upon specimens from Utah and other parts of the interior of the western country, which seem to differ from those found elsewhere in having cereci which taper more gradually and show less contrast in the width of the basal and apical halves, and at tip are blunter and less manifestly truncate, in which also the forks of the fureula are relatively longer and more strictly parallel, the tegmina rather shorter and generally lacking any maculation whatever; the prosternal spine also is more frequently com- pressed before the tumid tip; but on comparing a large series of speci- mens from these western regions I find it impossible to draw any line of demarcation, some specimens having some but not other of these characteristics, so that I can only regard the species as in a state of flux in this region, preparing, as it were, to divide into distinct races not yet clearly enough defined to distinguish them. The first three references are doubtful; they probably belong to M. exrtremus. 284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. M. devorator was founded upon specimens of strikingly contrasted coloration found in Texas, which I have since seen from many other places; but as they are united with the type by complete series of intergrades, I am forced to conclude them to be only extreme color- ational variations, which can not be dignified even as races. Specimens with green or greenish hind tibiae have been seen by me from the alpine region of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, Cape Cod, Nantucket, Great Island, and Cambridge, Massachusetts, Utah, Carrizo Springs, Texas, and Querataro, Mexico. There can be no doubt that this is the true femur-rubrum of De Geer, since Stal has described the anal cerci of the male from the type of De Geer’s description, and I myself made direct comparisons with varied material when in Sweden, nearly thirty years ago. In Hayden’s report on the survey of Nebraska (1872), I collected several accounts, printed and unpublished, of the injury to crops attrib- uted to this species in the eastern United States. As up to that time M. atlanis had not been distinguished from J. femur rubrum, it is pos- sible, and I am now inclined to think it probable, that all the serious injury done to crops in the East is done by J. atlanis; for although almost everywhere less common than J. femur-rubrum, M. atlanis has been shown to have the capacity for immense multiplication, and has been directly proved to be the culprit in some instances; as it is also much more closely and indeed very closely related to the destructive locust of the West, M. spretus, it is far more likely to have been the actual pest in all the records of the past. At least until direct provable charges are made against it, MW. femur-rubrum should be looked upon as less injurious than J. atlanis; it is especially doubtful whether it ever migrates in. aérial swarms; as a general rule the tegmina and wings are longer in M. atlanis than in WM. femur-rubrum, though both species vary considerably and intergrade in that particular. From measurements made on Missouri specimens, Riley found that the teg- mina in the present species extended beyond the abdomen as follows: In 28 males, 0-2 mm., average, 0.8 mm.; in 54 females, 0-3 mm., aver- age, 1.1 mm. Bruner excellently expresses the fact when he says that the imme- diate distribution of this insect ‘‘appears to be controlled altogether by climatic conditions, the chief of which is the presence of a certain amount of humidity. . . . Itisa frequenter of low grounds, culti- vated fields, shady margins of woods, ete., where vegetation is rank and tender.” It is rarely found upon dry hillsides when meadows close at hand may swarm with them, while the opposite is true of other species, M. collinus for instance; yet such specimens as do so occur will be found to differ from those inhabiting more favored localities, in being lighter colored and more uniformly grayish in tone, with slighter con- trasts; those from drier stations appear also to have on the average rather shorter wings. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 285 There is but a single annual brood which begins to appear full fledged in New England late in July. According to Riley, the eggs are not laid in a single mass, but at intervals in several; he has twice obtained four successive pods from a single female, covering a period of nearly two months and containing eggs amounting in all to from ninety-six to one hundred and ten. The eggs have a quadrilinear arrangement in the pods. At Andover, Massachusetts, on October 5 many years ago I observed a pair of this species, male and female, near together alternately sig- naling to each other with a slight quick movement of the hind legs upon the tegmina, as if stridulating. I made no note of whether any sound was actually produced and do not now recall any. Many interesting notes regarding this species will be found in the first report of the United States Entomological Commission. 83. MELANOPLUS PROPINQUUS, new species. (Plate XVIII, fig. 9.) Caloptenus femur-rubrum SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), p. 86; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 27; Psyche, II (1878), p. 154. Pezotettix propinquus MCNEILL!, MS. Of medium size, closely resembling the preceding species in colora- tion, but generally of a somewhat lighter tint. Head a little promi- nent, flavo-testaceous, generally more or less infuscated above, with a postocular band; vertex tumid, the interspace between the eyes searcely broader than (male) or half as broad again as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, distinctly (male) or rather shallowy (female) sulcate; frontal costa just failing to reach the clypeus, subequal, of the width of the interspace between the eyes, suleate at and (especially in the male) below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes moderately prominent in both sexes, much longer, in the female very much longer, than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferruginous, feebly infuscated apically, five-sixths (male) or less than two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum slightly and regularly enlarging from in front backward, the disk feebly convex and passing into the anteriorly feebly tumid, ver- tical, lateral lobes by a well-rounded but abrupt shoulder, the disk brownish fuscous, more or less feebly ferruginous, the lateral lobes dull luteo-testaceous, with a broad postocular band on the prozona; median carina slight and percurrent, feebler on the prozona than on the meta- zona; front margin subtruncate, very faintly flaring at least in the male, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle well rounded; prozona feebly longitudinal (male) or feebly transverse (female), scarcely if any longer than the closely but shallowly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, suberect, appressed cylindrical, blunt, rather longer and less appressed in the male than in the female; interspace between the mesosternal lobes twice as long (male) or less than half as long 286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. again (female) as broad. Tegmina considerably surpassing the hind femora, rather slender, subequal, brownish fuscous, minutely flecked with fuscous throughout the discoidal area; wings not very broad, hyaline, iridescent, the veins pale fuscous apically and anteriorly. Fore and middle femora a little tumid in the male; hind femora brownish testaceous, more or less infuscated (generally by longitudinal clouds) on the upper half, but on the inner side above bimaculate with blackish fuscous, the geniculation mostly black and with a pregenicular slender black annulus, the under side of the femora flavous inclining to orange; hind tibiae usually bright red with a slight fuscous patellar spot, but sometimes pale yellowish red, or rarely pale yellowish green, the spines black almost to their base, ten to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen rather strongly clavate, well recurved, the supraanal plate subclypeate, but very strongly and roundly compressed in the basal half, the apex roundly and rather bluntly rectangulate, the lateral margins strongly and abruptly elevated, the median sulcus deep, percurrent and apically expanded, bounded by rather high but rounded walls; furcula composed of a pair of greatly extended, somewhat depressed, straight fingers, tapering by the nar- rowing of their inner margins, lying outside the ridges of the supraanal plate, reaching much beyond the middle of the same, and slightly out- curved at their rather blunt tips; cerci rather broad at base, rapidly narrowing beyond so as to be hardly half as wide in the middle, beyond subequal, incurved and blunt-tipped, externally punctate throughout and not reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate hardly half as wide at apex as at base, the lateral margin rapidly declivent, the apical margin not elevated, strongly rounded, entire. Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 25 mm.; antennae, male, 10 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 20 mm.; hind femora, male, 12 mm., female, 13.25 mm. Seventy-seven males, 87 females. North Carolina, Uhler, Morrison; Dingo Bluft, North Carolina, November 15, Maynard; Smithville, North Carolina, Maynard; Georgia, Morrison (S. Henshaw; 8. H. Seudder; U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Georgia, King (Museum Comparative Zoology); Macon, Bibb County, Georgia, September 18 (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Wilmington Island, Georgia, A. Oemler; Florida, Neal (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Jacksonville, Duval County, Flor- ida, May 6, J. H. Comstock; Fernandina, Nassau County, Florida, E. Palmer; St. Augustine, St. John County, Florida, E. Palmer; Sanford, Orange County, Florida, G. B. Frazer; Fort Reed, Orange County, Florida, April 5-23, J. H. Comstock; Appalachicola, Franklin County, Florida, R. Thaxter. This species takes in our Southern Atlantic States the place of J, Semur-rubrum, which it closely resembles; it is most quickly distin- guished from it by the form and seulpture of the supraanal plate and the much greater length of the furcula. eS ae ee No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. AA err 84. MELANOPLUS EXTREMUS. (Plates I, figs. f, g; XVIII, fig. 10.) ? Locusta leucostoma KIRBY, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV (1837), p. 250.—BETHUNE®, Can. Ent., VII (1875), p. 129; Ins. Brit. Amer. (1884), pp. 120-121. ? Acridium (Locusta) leucostomum DE HAAN, Bijdr. Kenn. Orth. (1842), p. 142. Caloptenus extremus WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 681; Can. Ent., IV (1872), p. 30.—THomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 225.—BRUNER, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., IIT (1883), p. 59.—CAULFIELD, Can. Rec. Sc., II (1887), p. 401; Can. Orth. (1887), p. 14. Pezotettix junius DODGE!, Can. Ent., VIII (1876), p. 9.—BRUNER. ibid., IX (1877), p. 144; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59. Caloptenus parvus PROVANCHER!, Nat. Canad., VIII (1876), p. 110; Faune Ent. Can., II (1877), p. 36. Melanoplus junius SCUDDER!, Proc, Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist., XTX (1878), p. 286; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 45.—Morss, Psyche, VI (1892), p. 262.—OsBorn, Proce. Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt. m (1892), p. 118.—BrUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sce., III (1893), p. 28.—Morsg, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 106. Caloptenus junius SCUDDER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75. Melanoplus extremus CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71. Melanoplus parvus CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71. Caloptenus (Melanoplus) parvus CAULFIELD, Can. Ree. Se., II (1887), p. 401; Can. - Orth. (1887), p. 14. Of rather small or medium size, brownish fuscous, generally rather dark, often with a ferruginous tinge. Head a little prominent, dark testaceous often somewhat infuscated, above much infuscated, the added infuscation sometimes confined to the fastigium and two diverg- ent, enlarging streaks behind it; vertex gently tumid, feebly elevated above the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes nearly (male) or more than (female) twice as wide as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, not very deeply (male) or broadly and very shallowly (female) suleate throughout; frontal costa failing to reach the clypeus, slightly narrower than the interspace between the eyes, subequal but faintly and very gradually broadening downward, depressed at and sometimes sulcate below the ocellus, biseriately punc- tate; eyes moderately prominent especially in the male, not very large, but little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferruginous, fully four-fifths (male) or from three-fifths to two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal or enlarging a little on the metazona (in the female throughout), the lateral lobes lighter, sometimes considerably lighter than the disk, with a broad, equal, piceous, postocular band crossing the prozona, the disk often luteo-ferruginous punctate with fuscous, very broadly convex, and passing by an abrupt but smoothed shoulder simulating a lateral carina into the anteriorly tumid vertical lateral lobes; median carina slight, percurrent, distinctly feebler but rarely subobsolete on the prozona; front margin subtruncate with feeblest possible indications of a median emargination, hind margin very obtusangulate, the angle rounded in ISs PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. the female; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or quadrate or trans- verse (female), distinctly (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the closely punctate metazona, the principal sulcus bent angularly forward slightly in the middle. Prosternal spine moderately long, cylindrical, blunt, erect (male) or short, conical, feebly appressed, blunt, erect (female); interspace between mesosternal lobes quadrate (male) or dis- tinetly transverse but much narrower than the lobes (female). Teg- mina either falling distinctly short of the tips of the hind femora, generally about as long as the abdomen in the male, rather broad at base, but rapidly tapering and at apex bluntly subacuminate (JJ. e. junius, Plate I, fig. g), or surpassing the hind femora, generally con- siderably, rather broad, subequal, and at apex rather broadly rounded (M. e. scandens, Plate I, fig. /), brownish fuscous, generally immaculate, but sometimes with rather a feeble and obscure narrow line of macula- tion in the discoidal area; wings considerably (1. e. junius) or a very little (WU. e. scandens) shorter than the tegmina, moderately broad, hyaline, with brownish fuscous veins in the anterior half. Fore and middle femora a little tumid in the male; hind femora ferrugineo- luteous, the outer face often longitudinally infuscated, the inner side of the upper face bimaculate with fuscous often obscurely, the genicu- lation blackish and the under surface generally pale orange; hind tibiae bright red, pale red, or pale dull citron, the spines black beyond their base, nine to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, a little recurved, the supraanal plate subtriangular, longer than broad, feebly compressed in the mid- dle, apically slightly acutangulate, the lateral margins elevated basally, the median suleus moderately deep and narrow, apically expanding and obsolescent, its bounding walls rounded and not very high; furcula consisting of a pair of parallel or subparallel, slender, tapering, acumi- nate, somewhat depressed spines, somewhat less than half as long as the supraanal plate and resting upon the ridges bordering the median suleus; cerci feebly subfalciform lamellae lying in a slightly oblique vertical plane, a little incurved throughout, feebly tapering in the basal third or more, beyond subequal to the obliquely truncate and well- rounded tip, the whole gently arcuate and much shorter than the supraanal plate; infracercal plates very broad at base, rapidly narrow- ing and not attaining the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate about half as broad at apex as at base, regularly narrowing by the declivity of the feebly sinuous lateral margin, the apical margin not elevated, well rounded, entire. Length of body (J. e. junius), male, 16 mm., female, 19 mm.; anten- nae, male, 8 mm., female, 6.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 11 mm., female, 10.75 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 10.75 mm. Length of body (IM. e. scandens), male, 18 mm., female, 19.5 mm.; antennae, male, 8.75 mm., female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 16.25 mm., female, 17.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.25 mm., female, 10.5 mm. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 289 Highty-four males, 131 females. Norway, Oxford County, Maine, August16(A.P. Morse); Alpineregionsot White Mountains, New Hamp- shire, Mount Washington and Madison, July, August; Mount Wash- ington 5,000 feet, and Pinkham Notch, New Hampshire, (A. P. Morse); Tuckerman’s Ravine, White Mountains, (A. P. Morse); Jackson, Carroll County, New Hampshire, July 3 (A, P. Morse); North Conway, Car- roll County, New Hampshire, July 30 (same); Jay, Troy, and Newport, Orleans County, Vermont, July 12-15 (same); Hyde Park, Lamoille County, Vermont, July 20 (same); Montgomery, Franklin County, Vermont, July 18 (same); Summit of Greylock, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, 3,500 feet, August 17 (same); Winchendon, Worcester County, Massachusetts, June 29-July 6 (same); Bloomington, Monroe County, NiG859); sp. 237. Acridium (Opsomala) bivittatum DE HAAN, Bijdr. Kenn. Orth. (1842), p. 144. Caloptenus bivittatus UHLER (pars) Say, Ent. N. A., ed. LeC., II (1859), p. 238.— SCUDDER! (pars), Can. Nat., VII (1862), p. 287; (pars), Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VIT (1862), p. 465.—Watsn, RiLEy, Amer. Ent., I (1868), p. 16.—PACKARD, Guide Ins. (1869), p.570.—THomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Philad., 1870 (1870), p. 78; Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1871), p. 265.—DopaGr, Can. Ent., IV (1872), p. 15.—ScupDpER, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. (1872), pp. 250, 259.—GLOVER, Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pl. 1, fig. 16.—THoMaS (pars), Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 166; Key Ill. Orth. (1874-75), p- 3.—SCUDDER!, Daws. Rep. Geol. Rec. 49th Par. (1875), p. 348.—RILEy, Ann. Rep. Ins. Mo., VII (1875), pp. 124, 173, fig. 34.—Tnomas, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Se., 1 (1876), p. 261.—ScuppER!, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury. Terr., IT (1876), p. 261.—WHITMAN, Grasshopper (1876), p. 19, fig —UHLER, Bull. U.S. Geol. 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Surv. Terr., III (1877), p. 796.—BrssEy, Bienn. Rep. Iowa Agric. Coll., VII (1877), p. 209.—THomas, Rep. Geol. Exp]. Surv. W. 100th Mer., V (1875 [1877]), p. 894.—BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144.—RiLEy, Loc. Plague (1877), pp. 89, 194-195, fig. 38.—THomas, Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Sury. Terr., IV (1878), p. 484; Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878 (1878), 1845; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42.—RILEy, ibid., I (1878), pp. 220, 221, 226, 327, 459, fig. 111.— PACKARD, ibid., I (1878) pp. [140, 142].—GrrarpD, Traité élém. d’ent., II (1879), p. 248.—RiLey, Amer. Ent., III (1880), p. 220.—THomas, Rep. Ent. Il., 1X (1880), pp. 91, 96, 126-127.—LINTNER, Ins. Clover (1881), p.5.—BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., II (1883), p. 9; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), pp. 9, 10, 14.—RiLey, Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), pp. 194-195, fig. 272.—Cook, Beal’s Grasses N. A., I (1887), pp. 373, 396.—RILFy, Ins. Life, I (1888), p. 87.—WEED, Bull. Ohio Agric. Exp. St., Techn. Ser., I (1889), p. 40.— LUGGER, Rep. Agric. Exp. St. Minn. (1889), p. 340, fig. 17.—OsBorn, Ins. Life, IV (1891), pp. 50, 55.—RILEY, ibid., IV (1891), p. 145.—OsBorn, Rep. Ent. Soe. Ont., XXII (1891), pp. 70,73.—RiLry, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXV (1891), pp. 31, 32, fig. 9.—OsBorN, ibid., XXVII (1892), pp. 59-64.— MILLIKEN, Ins, Life, VI (1893), pp. 19, 21. ? Pezotettix sumichrasti SAUSSURE, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861 (1861), pp. 160-161; Orth. Nova Amer., II (1861), p. 11. Acridium (Caloptenus) bivittatum UHLER (pars), Harr. Treat. Ins, Inj. Veg. (1862), p. 174. Acridium bivittatum THOMAS, Trans. Ill. St. Agric. Soc., V (1865), p. 449. Melanoplus bivittatus SCUDDER! (pars), Hitche. Rep. Geol. N. H., I (1874), p. 376; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., II (1881), app., p. 24.—BRUNER, ibid., III (1883), p. 60; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 1389.—RiLEy, Rep. U. S&S. Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 233.—BRUNER, ibid., 1885 (1886), p. 307.—RILEY, Ins. Life, II (1889), p. 27.—FLETCHER, Rep. Exp. Farms Can., 1888 (1889), p. 63.— TOWNSEND, Proc. Ent. Soe. Wash., II (1891), p.43.—BLATCHLEY! (pars), Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), pp. 99-100.—BRUNER (pars), ibid., XXIII (1891), p. 193; Ins. Life, III (1891), p..229; (pars), ibid., IV (1891), pp. 21-22, 146; (pars), Rep. Ent. Soe. Ont., XXII (1891), p. 48; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXIII (1891), p. 14; ibid., XX VII (1891), pp. 12-29, 33.—McNEILL, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 74.—BRUNER, Rep. St. Bd. Agric. Nebr., 1891 (1891), pp. 243, 307- 308, figs. 85-86.—KELLOGG, Ins. Life, V (1892), p. 116.—Osporn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Se., I, Pt. 11 (1892), p. 118.—KELLOGG, Inj. Ins. Kans. (1892), pp. 42-45, figs. 22,23 b.—NUTTING, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, II (1893), p. 291.— BRUNER (pars), Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XX VIII (1893), pp. 19-21, fig. 8; ibid., XXX (1893), p.35; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., [II (1893), p. 27; Rep. Nebr. St. Bd. Agric., 1893 (1893), pp. 461-462, figs. 104-105; Ins. Life, VI (1893), p. 34.—Cook, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX (1894), p. 337.—BRUNER, Rep. St. Hort. Soc. Nebr., 1894 (1894), pp. 163, 205, fig. 71.—MorssE (pars’, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 106.—BLATCHLEY, Can. Ent., XX VI (1894), pp. 244-245.—BRrUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. 8. Dep. Agric., XX XII (1894), p. 12; Nebr. St. Hort. Rep., 1895 (1895), p. 69. Pezotettix bivittatus Stal, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 14.— GARMAN, Orth. Ky. (1894), p. 8. [Some of the above references belong with little doubt to W. femoratus, with which this species has often been confonnded, but whenever it was not clear that they belonged to M. femoratus I have retained them here. } Varying in general ground color from fusco-testaceous to very dark brownish fuscous, striped with fulvo- or pallid testaceous. Head flavo- testaceous, more or less infwscated, the summit with a broad, median, widening, blackish fuscous stripe, which extends backward from the No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 365 front of the fastigium but avoids the eyes; vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes broad, equaling the frontal costa, the fastigium broadly, equally, and very shallowly suleate; frontal costa broad, subequal, with rounded margins, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus, feebly punctate laterally; eyes as in MW. femoratus; antennae ferruginous, more or less considerably and broadly infuscated apically, about as long (male) or about two-thirds as long (female) as the hind femora. Pronotum enlarging a little from in front backward, more feebly in the male than in the female, the disk as in J. femoratus, the median carina slight but distinct throughout, generally slighter (but only a little) between the sulci, the lateral carinae obscure, consisting of a rounded angle, the front margin very feebly convex, the hind margin broadly rounded or obtusely rotundato-angulate; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), generally a third (male) or a fourth (female) longer than the metazona, with very faint and exceed- ingly sparse punctation, the metazona finely and closely punctate; disk very dark brownish fuscous, rather broadly bordered laterally, including the lateral carinae, with an equal, generally percurrent, fulvo-testaceous or pallid testaceous stripe, usually halfas broad as the frontal costa, and which is bordered more or less narrowly and irregularly on the lateral lobes of the prozona with blackish fuscous, fading below into fuscous, except in the sulci. Prosternal spine as in J. femoratus. Tegmina attaining or a little surpassing the hind femora, generally longer in the male than in the female (in a single instance seen, a female, no longer than the femora themselves) brownish or blackish fuscous, the anal vein marked by a slender flavous stripe, the discoidal area not darker than the rest, generally almost clear but frequently with faint and del- icate mottling; wings hyaline, the cross-veins, except in the inner half of the expanded anal area, fuscous. Fore and middle femora ferrugi- nous, more or less heavily infuscated above; hind femora rather long and moderately stout, ferrugineo-testaceous, the outer and generally the inner faces black above, flavo-testaceous below, the inner half of the upper face thrice very broadly banded with black, the genicular are and a basal transverse stripe across the lower genicular lobe black on both sides; hind tibiae passing more or less gradually, at varying points but generally near the middle, from purplish at the base to greenish yellow (very rarely red or reddish) at the tip, the patella of the lighter color, followed in lighterexamples by a narrow black annulus, the spines black almost or quite to their base, ten to thirteen in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, rounded. well upturned, the supraanal plate clypeate, with strongly sinuous sides, rectangulate tip, a slender percurrent very deep median sulcus, bounded in the basal half or more by sharp walls, between which and the lateral margins the whole plate is longitudinally hollowed; cerci very broad, laminate, ex- ternally convex, gently ineurved, surpassing the supraanal plate, shaped almost precisely as in JM. femoratus but more elongate, and with the 866 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. upper lobe of the expanded extremity bent at a lesser angle with the basal portion; infracercal plate shorter than the supraanal, scarcely surpassing its lateral margins; subgenital plate moderately narrow, at apex considerably and abruptly elevated and thickened, hardly pro- longed posteriorly. Leugth of body, male, 27 mm., female, 37 mm.; antennae, male, 14.75 min., female, 13 mm.; tegmina, male, 20.5 mm., female, 26.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 15 mmn., female, 20 mm. Specimens in Texas grow to a much larger size, and it is very variable in this respect. One hundred and twenty-nine males, 141 females. Franklin County, Ohio, Lesquereux (Museum Comparative Zoology); Vigo and Fulton counties, Indiana, W. 8. Blatchley; Chicago, linois; Rock Island Ih- nois, Walsh; Moline, Rock Island County, Illinois, MeNeill; southern Illinois, Kennicott; St. Louis, Missouri, Engelmann; Llowa(U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Dallas County, lowa, August 8-10, September 1-3, J. A. Allen; Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa, July 20-24, Allen; Crawford County, lowa, July 15-24, Allen; Minnesota, Uhler; Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Scudder (Museum Comparative Zoology); Winnipeg, Mani- toba, Kennicott, Gunn (Uhler); Custer, South Dakota, Bruner (U.S. N.M.—Riley collection); Dakota, Rothhammer; Nebraska, Dodge; Nebraska, A. Agassiz (Museum Comparative Zoology); Fort Robin- son, Dawes County, Nebraska, Bruner (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection) ; North Fork of Platte River, Hayden; West Point, Cuming County, Nebraska (L. Bruner); Nebraska City, Otoe County, Nebraska, Hay- den; Ellis, Kansas (Museum Comparative Zoology); Fort Hayes, Kan- sas, Allen (same); Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet; between Smoky Hill, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado, L. Agassiz (Museum Com- parative Zoology); Texas, October 1, November 10, Belfrage (U.S.N. M.—Riley collection; S. H. Scudder); northern Texas, Uhler; Dallas, Texas, Boll (Museum Comparative Zoology; S. H. Seudder); Pecos River, Texas, Captain Pope; Taos, New Mexico (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Colorado (Museum Comparative Zoology); Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection; S. H. Scudder); Garland, Costilla County, Colorado, 8,000 feet, August 28-29; Veta Pass, Cos- tilla County, Colorado (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Pueblo, Colo. rado, 4,700 feet, August 30-31; Grenada and Las Animas, Bent County, Colorado; Colorado Springs, El Paso County, Colorado, E. S. Tucker (University of Kansas); Clear Creek Canyon, Jefterson County, Colo- rado, Packard (Museum Comparative Zoology); Pacific R. R. expl., latitude 35°, Lieutenant Beckwith; Grand Junction, Mesa County, Colorado (L. Bruner); White River, Rio Blaneo County, Colorado, (U.S.N.M.—fRiley collection; S. H. Seudder); Fort Collins, Larimer County, Colorado, Buffum (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Utah, Gar- man (Museum Comparative Zoology); American Fork Canyon, Utah, 9,900 feet, August 23; Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 4,300 feet, August 1-4; Spring Lake Villa, Utah County, Utah, August 1-4, Palmer; Wyoming, No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 367 Morrison (U.S.N. M. —Tiley collection); ‘North: Pacific. tallroad sur- vey, George Suckley; upper Missouri River, Hayden; head waters of Missouri and Yellowstone, Hayden; Medicine Hat, Assiniboia, Canada, (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Fort McLeod, Alberta, Canada (same); _ various localities on the Yakima River, W ashington (Museum Com- parative Zoology); Loon Lake, Colville Valley, Washington, July 25 (same); Spokane, Washington, July 21-22 (same); Puget Sound, C. B. Kennerly. It has also been reported from Tennessee and Mississippi (Thomas), Nevada (Riley), Idaho (Thomas, Milliken), Souris River, Alberta, Can- ada (Scudder), Grand Rapids, NW. T. (Nutting), and Victoria (Fletcher) ; also, possibly, from Mexico (Saussure). It therefore probably ranges from southern Canada to the Gulf, but is unknown a’ong the Atlantic Seaboard, and wholly unreported from the Pacific Slope south of Wash- ington, (unless, as above, in Mexico) and it hardly ranges as far north as J. femoratus. Bruner in one of his accounts of this species says it is ‘‘a lover of rank and succulent vegetation, such as is found upon bottom lands, along the edges of cultivated fields, at the margins of woodlands and on the shaded mountain slopes.” When ‘it develops in large num- bers, then these haunts are forsaken, to a greater or less extent, and it spreads over cultivated fields, eating the choicest of everything.” In Towa, Mr. J. A. Allen found it common on dry prairies, as well as in moist sloughs on tall grass. It seldom develops any marked migratory propensity and its egg- laying habits ‘differ considerably from those of the smaller migratory species, insomuch as but one or two clusters or pods are deposited by a single female. Nevertheless, just as many eggs are laid by each female insect. These eggs are deposited in prairie sod or any compact soil in the vicinity of the regular haunts or feeding places. Old roads and closely cropped pastures, when located handily, are favorite resorts for the heavily laden females when attending to this mission of theirs.” (Bruner. ) Its destructiveness appears to be mainly confined to grass, grain, and garden vegetables. It appears in the winged state the last of June or early in July, but eggs are not laid until late in August; sixty-two to seventy-two eggs have been counted in the egg pods by Donald Gunn in Manitoba. Blatchley has taken the male of this species in coitu with MW. femo- ratus, and considers them the same species, as do many others. The range of the two species, which are certainly very closely allied, differs to a considerable extent, though both are found over a large extent of territory side by side; one is a seaboard and northern form, the other an interior species. Besides the differences in the hind tibiae, which rarely cause hesitation in attempting to separate them, there are slight differences which I have attempted to state, in the abdominal append: 368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. ages and in the tegmina, besides some distinction in the general coloration. The specimens from Grand Junction, Colorado, mentioned above as in Bruner’s collection, are short winged and indicate occasional dimorphism in this species. 127, MELANOPLUS THOMASI, new species. (Plate XXV, fig. 1.) Melanoplus thomasi BRUNER!, MS. Dark plumbeo-olivaceous, the abdomen dark ferruginous. Head marked with flavo-testaceous below and on the inner side of the eyes above, above the antennal scrobes, along the lateral edges of the fron- tal costa, and in a broad stripe behind the upper part of the eyes, which passes backward; vertex gently tumid; interspace between the eyes scarcely narrower than the frontal costa, the fastigium broadly and rather shallowly sulcate in front, the frontal costa broad, equal, deli- cately punctate, shallowly sulcate at and below the ocellus; eyes mod- erately large, not very prominent, about as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae reddish becoming infuscated apically, a little shorter (male) than the hind femora, Pronotum subequal, enlarging a very little posteriorly, the front margin nearly truneate, the hind margin very broadly angulate, the disk nearly plane, separated by subdistinct but rounded lateral carinae from the subvertical, slightly tumid, lateral lobes, the median carina distinct on the metazona, very feeble on the prozona, the smooth prozona considerably and roundly emarginate in the middle half behind, distinctly longitudinal, nearly a half longer than the closely but shallowly punctate metazona, with a moderately broad, equal, flavo-testaceous stripe on either side of the disk of the whole pronotum, limited by the lateral carinae, the lateral lobes nearly uniform dark plumbeo-olivaceous, but deeper in color above than below. Prosternal spine stout, rather long, cylindrical, blunt, enlarging slightly on apical half as seen from the front. Tegmina not reaching the tip of the femora, testaceous with dark veins, a flavo- testaceous stripe following the anal vein; wings pellueid, the veins tes- taceous or fusco-testaceous, colorless in the lower half of the anal area. Femora dark plumbeo-olivaceous, the hind pair tinged above with fer- ruginous, the lower half of the outer side flavous, the inner and lower face coralline, with a faint pregenicular flavous annulus more or less complete, preceded on the inner side above by a fuscous patch, the genicular are plumbeo-fuscous; hind tibiae wholly coral red, the spines black at the base, eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen somewhat clavate, rounded, a little upturned, the supra- anal plate broad aud triangular with sinuate lateral margins, rectan- eulate apex, nearly plane, but with a rather broad and shallow median longitudinal suleus in the basal half, bordered by rather low walls, and a pair of apical, distant and subparallel, short, gently arcuate, slight NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 369 ridges; fureula consisting of a pair of subsemicircular distant lobes, projecting from the middle of the thickened plates occupying the inner portion of the last dorsal segment, the projecting portion lying outside the bases of the ridges bordering the basal sulcus of the supraanal plate; cerci large, broad, and rather stout, apically a little incurved, broadly constricted mesially as seen from the side, the apical portion triangularly expanded above, truncate after a slight expansion below, the apical margin broadly convex, subtruneate; infracercal plates about as long as the supraanal plate, in the apical halfa little expanded beyond the lateral margins of the same; subgenital plate moderately narrow, considerably prolonged and elevated apically, as well as thickened. Length of body, male, 33 mm.; antennae, cire. 16 mm.; tegmina, 25 mm.; hind femora, 18.5 mm. One male. Lerdo, Durango, Mexico, November (L. Bruner). This species is rather nearer to M. femoratus than to M. bivittatus, though geographically separated more widely from the former. 128. MELANOPLUS YARROWII. (Plate XXV, fig. 2.) Caloptenus yarrowit THoMas, Rep. Geol, Geogr. Exp]. 100th Mer., V (1875), p. 894, pl. XLV, fig.5; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 43.—BRUNER, ibid., III (1883), p. 60. Light brownish yellow, somewhat cinereous, nearly uniform. Head nearly uniform, hardly darker above, the vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes not very broad, distinctly narrower than the frontal costa, the fastigium feebly suleate throughout; frontal costa moderately broad, slightly broader below than above, failing to reach the clypeus, very feebly and broadly sulcate below the ocellus, punctate on either side; eyes moderate, only feebly prominent, hardly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae red. Pronotum feebly enlarging apically, the front margin truncate, the hind margin bluntly and very obtusely angulate, the disk nearly plane, the lateral lobes subvertical; median carina feeble, subobsolete between the sulci; lateral carinae very rounded; prozona nearly smooth, scarcely longi- tudinal (male) or quadrate (female), but little longer than the metazona, its middle sulcus transverse, the posterior sinuate; metazona closely and rather finely punctate; pronotum without markings except a faint slender flavous streak along the discal side of the lateral carinae and, in the male at least, some irregular blackish fuscous blotches on the lateral lobes. Prosternal spine moderately long, conico-cylindrical, blunt, erect. Tegmina reaching the tip of the hind femora, brownish testaceous without markings, tapering very gently and regularly to a well-rounded tip; wings pellucid with a feeble greenish tinge, the veins and cross veins fuscous only above the anal area, except to a slight degree. Hind femora olivaceo-testaceous, more or less infumated above and on the outer face, the lower carina of the outer face flavous, and Proc. N. M. vol. xx ——24 370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. dull flavous beneath, with a median and postmedian fuscous patch on the upper half of the inner face, the genicular are plumbeous or fusco- plumbeous; hind tibiae red, the spines black except at extreme base, ten to thirteen in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo- men feebly clavate, rounded, upturned, the supraanal plate broad, rounded triangular, the lateral borders slightly bent in the middle, with a narrow, moderately deep, percurrent, median sulcus with moderately high, not very sharp walls, on either side of the posterior extremity of which is a similar, parallel, short ridge; furcula present only as the sharply rectangulate inner corners of the slightly parted lateral halves of the last dorsal segment; cerci broad, stout, laminate, faintly convex, considerably and regularly incurved, the basal half tapering gently, beyond the middle expanding considerably, more above than below, into a flabellate pad considerably broader than long, bluntly rounded above and below, with nearly straight and truncate, but not broadly truncate, posterior margin, the whole fully as long as the supraanal plate; infra- cereal plates broader than the apical half of the supraanal plate, no longer than it, narrowing rapidly and roundly; subgenital plate rather broad and short, considerably elevated and prolonged apically, entire, extending far beyond the supraanal plate. Length of body, male, 25.5 mm., female, 33 mm.; tegmina, male, 19 mm., female, 21 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.5 mm., female, 16.5 mm. One male, 1 female. Grand Junction, Mesa County, Colorado, August 28, C. P. Gillette, through L. Bruner. Although Thomas’s description of C. yarrowii was based upon a female only, I am tolerably confident that this species is to be referred to it; it certainly fits it better than any known to me, and its reference here was suggested to me by Professor Bruner. Thomas gave no locality beyond “found in the collection,” which was made in ‘portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona.” He afterwards mentions it as ‘probably from Arizona, but possibly from Nevada,” without giving reasons. From all that appears it might have come as well from Colorado or Utah. 129. MELANOPLUS OLIVACEUS, new species. (Plate XXV, fig. 3.) Melanoplus olivaceus BRUNER!, MS. Dark brownish testaceous with an olivaceous tint, nearly uniform in coloring. Head varying in front from dark olivaceous to fuscous or ferruginous, the vertex like the rest of the body and gently tumid; interspace between the eyes only moderately broad, distinctly narrower than the frontal costa; fastigium very slightly and broadly sulcate; frontal costa moderately broad and equal, hardly reaching the clypeus, seriately punctate at the sides, more or less shallowly sulecate except- ing above; eyes moderately large, rather prominent especially in the male, considerably longer, at least in the male, than the infraocular No, 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. ouk portion of the genae; antennae red, infusecated apically. Pronotum subequal, scarcely expanding posteriorly even in the female, the front margin subtruncate, the hind margin broadly angulate, the angle rounded; disk very feebly convex and separated by subdistinct lateral carinae formed of a rounded angle from the subvertical lateral lobes, the median carina distinct but slight on the metazona, feeble on the prozona, sometimes subobsolete between the sulci; prozona smooth, dis- tinctly longitudinal (male) or subtransverse (female), a third (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the finely and closely punctate metazona, the principal suleus between them straight; without lighter markings at the lateral carinae, the lateral lobes more or less but feebly discolored, the posterior lobe of the prozona usually the darker. Prosternal spine rather long, moderately stout, subeylindrical, blunt, a little retrorse. Tegmina surpassing the hind femora, rather slender, tapering very feebly, brownish testaceous without longitudinal stripes. Fore and middle femora plumbeo-olivaceous, somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora brown or ferruginous above, dark olivaceous on the outer face, dull flavous beneath and on the inner side, but on the latter more or less interrupted with fuscous above, the genicular are brownish tes- taceous; hind tibiae wholly coral red, the spines black almost to the base, ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen feebly clavate, upturned, the supraanal plate triangular with gently sinuate margins, subrectangulate apex, nearly flat, with a very broad and obscure, feebly percurrent, longitudinal suleus, bounded by low broad walls, a little constricted in the apical half; furcula consist- ing of a pair of slight acuminate denticulations, arising from the thick- ened inner extremities of the divided halves of the last dorsal seg- ment, and overlying the ridges bounding the median sulcus of the supraanal plate; cerci large and broad, gently incurved, slightly taper- ing on the basal half, and then expanding into a transversely suboval apical flabellation, nearly half as broad again as the extreme base, expanding more above than below, the apical margin broadly convex, the whole considerably surpassing the supraanal plate; infracercal plates surpassing but slightly the sides of the supraanal plate, about as long as it; subgenital plate moderately broad, the lateral margins hardly elevated apically, but considerably prolonged, subtuberculate. Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 29 mm.; tegmina, male, 20 mm., female, 24.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.75 mm., female 15.75 mm. Three males, 2 females. Los Angeles, California, Coquillett, July (L. Bruner; U.S.N.M.—Riley collection). This is the smallest and at the same time the slightest species in this series. 28. PUNCTULATUS SERIES. This group is composed of species with prominent head and rapidly declivent fastigium, and, in the male, very prominent eyes. The joints of the antennae are unusually long. The pronotum is rather short and aa PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. in front rather flaring to receive the head, the prozona quadrate (male) or distinctly transverse (female), the prosternal spine short, conical, and erect, and the interval between the mesosternal lobes relatively broad. The tegmina are fully developed, longer than the hind femora, maculate over their whole breadth. The hind femora are twice rather narrowly belted with black, and the hind tibiae red, more or less obscured. The supraanal plate of the male is triangular, the furcula very slight or wanting, the cerci very large and broad, immensely expanded api- cally and flabellate, with convex apical margin, the subgenital plate very much prolonged and greatly elevated apically. The insects are of medium or large size and dark color, much mot- tled, and live as far as known only on coniferous trees. Two species are known, one from the Southwest, the other over a large part of the country east of the Rocky Mountains. 130. MELANOPLUS ARBOREUS, new species. (Plate XXV, fig. 5.) Dull grimy olivaceous, heavily spotted and clouded with brownish and blackish fuscous, giving it a more or less conspicuously mottled appearance. Head very large and exceptionally prominent; in brightest specimens livid or dull pale flavous, heavily and irregularly flecked with very dark olivaceous inclining to blackish fuscous, forming more or less well-marked stripes, bordering the upper part of the eyes and following the median line of the vertex; vertex tumid; interspace between the eyes rather narrow, narrower than the frontal costa; fastigium rapidly declivent, sulcate, the sulcation broadening a little anteriorly; frontal costa moderately broad, equal, laterally punctate, at and below the ocellus sulcate; eyes large, very prominent, particularly in the male; antennae pale flavous, becoming ferruginous apically, infuseated broadly and obscurely at intervals throughout, a little longer (male) or a little shorter (female) than the hind femora. Pronotum very feebly subsel- late, the metazona flaring slightly and the prozona distinctly, though over but little space, to receive the head, the front margin faintly con. vex, the hind margin broadly angulate, the angle broadly rounded, the whole brownish fuscous or yellowish brown, more or less mottled (except on the metazona) with olivaceous or dull flavous and with fus- cous, the latter (sometimes tinged with olivaceous) forming on the upper half of the lateral lobes a broad more or less broken band; pro- zona gently convex tranversely, passing insensibly into the inferiorly vertical lateral lobes, quadrate (male) or distinctly transverse (female), a half (male) or a fourth (female) as long again as the metazona, smooth, the median carina very feeble, subobsolete between the sulci, but dis- tinct though slight on the metazona; the latter punctate, with feebly indicated lateral carinae. Prosternal spine short, conical, bluntly pointed, erect; interval between mesosternal lobes slightly longer than No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. Bia broad (male) or slightly broader than long (female). Tegmina surpass- ing considerably the hind femora, gently and feebly tapering from the subbasal expansion to the well-rounded tip, fusco-testaceous with an olivaceous tinge, distantly and uniformly flecked with usuaily roundish or subquadrate dark fuscous spots, less abundant in the apical third, but not confined at all to the discoidal area; wings smoky pellucid, becoming feebly infuseated apically, the veins and cross-veins mostly blackish fuscous. Fore and middle femora luteo-ferruginous, flecked with dark olivaceous or fusconus; hind femora varying from sordid luteo-fuscous to dull pale olivaceous, rather narrowly and completely bifasciate with black, forming unusually regular transverse bands, the whole apex blackish fuscous or black; hind tibiae plumbeo-fuscous at extreme base, followed by a very narrow black annulus and this by a broader pale annulus, beyond which the tibiae are dull red, obscured above, excepting at apex, and sometimes on the sides for a similar and beneath for a brief distance, with fuscous, often broken into flecks, the whole pilose above; spines black nearly or quite to their base, ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo- men feebly clavate, much upturned, the supraanal plate broad, triangu- lar, with nearly straight lateral margins, acutangulate tip (too nearly rectangulate in our figure), with a broad and rather shallow median sulcus, interrupted beyond the middle, and in the basal half bounded by moderately high walls; furcula composed of a pair of slight trian- gular projections at the inner angles of the divided last dorsal segment, overlying the ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci large, subequal on the basal two-fifths or more, then abruptly expanding into a transverse apical flap, twice as broad as the base, the expansion almost wholly on the upper side and at right angles to the basal portion, the apical margin broadly convex, but below emarginate to form a denticulation of the lower posterior angle of the flap, the whole gently incurved and surpassing the supraanal plate; infracercal plates wholly concealed beneath the supraanal plate; subgenital plate moderately broad, very greatly extended and abruptly elevated at the extreme apex. Length of body, male, 30 mm., female, 44 mm.; antennae, male, 18 mm., female, 16.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 26 mm., female, 31 mm.; hind femora, male, 16 mm., female, 21 mm. Six males, 2 females. Dallas, Texas, Boll (U.S.N.M.—Riley collec- tion; S. H. Scudder); Gulf coast of Texas, Aaron; Arizona, Schaupp (L. Bruner). This species is certainly very closely allied to JJ. punctulatus, which not only occurs with it, but over a much wider extent of country; itis a much larger insect and differs in several points in the abdominal appendages of the male, though it is possible that the two should be looked upon as races of a single species. ov4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 131. MELANOPLUS PUNCTULATUS. (Plate XXV, fig. 4.) Caloptenus punctulatus UHLER!, MS, (1862).—ScUDDER!, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VII (1862), p.465.—Smiru, Proc. Portl. Soe. Nat. Hist., I (1868), p. 150.— WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 678.—THomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 153.—BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 145.— THomas, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 43.—BRUNER, ‘ibid., III (1883), p. 60. Caloptenus griseus THoMaAs, Ann. Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p. 454.— GLOVER, Ill. N..A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pl. x11, fig. 14.—THoMas, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 165.—BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144.— Tuomas, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p.42.—BRUNER, ibid., III (1883), p. 60. Melanoplus punctulatus ScuppER!, Hitche. Rep. Geol. N. H., I (1874), p. 376; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 285; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 44. —FERNALD, Orth. N. E. (1888), pp. 31,32; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XXV (1888), pp. 115, 116.—Davis, Ent. Amer., V (1889), p. 81.—SmIrTH, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 413. —McNEILL, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 74.—Siru, Bull. N. J. Exp. St., XC (1892), p. 34.—ScuDDER, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 55.— Morsg, ibid., VII (1894), pp. 55, 106.—BEUTENMULLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894), pp. 252, 307. Caloptenus helluo SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), p. 476; Ent. Notes, IV (1875), p. 75.—THomas, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 43.—ScuppER!, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 20.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., IIT (1883), p. 60. Pezotettix helluo STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 14. Melanoplus helluo ScuDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 285; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 44; Psyche, VII (1894), p. 55.—Morsg, ibid., VII (1894), p. 55, Melanoplus griseus BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent., XXIV (1892), pp. 30-31.—BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p. 28.—ScuppER, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 55.—Morss, ibid., VII (1894), p. 55.—BLarcHiey!, Can. Ent., XXVI (1894), p. 245. Dark brownish fuscous much mottled with blackish and often tinged with dull olivaceous, beneath ferrugineo-testaceous. Head varying from pale dull olivaceous to ferrugineo-testaceous, irregularly mottled with blackish fuscous and with a blackish band behind the eyes and a widening median stripe of the same upon the summit; vertex tuimid; fastigium rapidly declivent, sulcate throughout, the margins much raised between the eyes, which are separated by a space less than the width of the frontal costa; the latter prominent above, moderate in breadth, subequal, sulcate below the ocellus, sparsely punctate through- out, each point marked by a dark olivaceous dot; eyes large and in the male very prominent, in both sexes much longer than the infraoeular portion of the genae; antennae varying from fusco-luteous to fusco- ferruginous, much longer (male) or a little or no shorter (female) than the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, widening a little at the metazona in the female, slightly flaring in front to receive the head, especially in the male, varying from luteo-testaceous to brownish fuscous, often much flecked and punctate with black or blackish fuscous, the latera] lobes more heavily marked above with black on the prozona, forming generally a broken or maculate band; front and hind margin as in ee No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER, 375 M. arboreus; prozona quadrate (male) or distinctly transverse (female), not more than a third (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the metazona, the feebly tumid disk passing insensibly without lateral carinae into the lateral lobes, though these are sometimes visible in the posterior section as on the metazona; median carina occasionally distinet throughout, but always feebler and sometimes very feeble on the prozona; metazona closely ruguloso-punctate. Prosternal spine short, conical, erect; interval between mesosternal lobes subquadrate (male) or distinetly transverse, but narrower than the lobes themselves (female). Tegmina somewhat surpassing the hind femora, very gradually tapering to a well-rounded apex, fusco-testaceous, sprinkled with moderately large roundish or quadrate fuscous spots; wings pellucid, with a feeble greenish-yellow tinge, feebly infumated apically where the veins and cross veins are blackish fuscous. Fore and middle femora luteo- or olivaceo-testaceous heavily flecked with black, showing a tendency to form a triple belting; hind femora similar, the black forming mod- erately narrow basal, premedian, postmedian, and apical belts, which do no not touch the coralline under and inner surfaces, except the latter in a partial way; hind tibiae dull red, with a postbasal obscure flavous annulus, before which they are sometimes blackened, and beyond which, above and on the sides, often flecked or suffused with plumbev-fuscous, the serial space between the spines often dull luteous, the whole pilose; spines black nearly or quite to their base, except on the inner side, ten to twelve in number in the outer series, none arising very near the base of the tibiae. Extremity of the male abdomen scarcely clavate, somewhat upturned, the supraanal plate triangular, with convex lateral margins and subrectangulate apex, its median sulcus terminating abruptly in the middle, rather broad, somewhat shallow, bounded by rather sharp walls; furcula entirely wanting; cerci large, broad, the basal half or less subequal, exteriorly convex and punctate, beyond abruptly expand- ing to nearly double the width in exactly opposite directions, consider- ably more above than below, but otherwise symmetrical, the apical margin angulato-convex, the whole gently incurved; infracereal plates surpassing the sides of the supraanal plate only at the extreme base and slightly; subgenital plate moderately broad, apically abruptly elevated to a considerable degree and thickened, but only a little prolonged. Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male, 14.5 mm., female, 12 mm.; tegmina, male, 17 mm., female, 18.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 12 mm. Nineteen males, 34 females. Maine, Packard, P. R. Uhler; North Conway, Carroll County, New Hampshire; Andover, Essex County, Massachusetts, November; vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts, Uhler; Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, September (Museum Comparative Zoology; S. H. Scudder); Waltham, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, September 5, C. J. Maynard (A. P. Morse); Sherborn, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, September, Mrs. A. L. Babcock 376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. (same); Amherst, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, August 22 (same); Canaan, Litchfield County, Connecticut, August 15 (same); Ellenville, Ulster County, New York, September, Beutenmiiller (A. P. Morse; S. H. Scudder); Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York, August 2, 28 (A. P. Morse); Point of Rocks, Frederick County, Maryland, August 19, Pergande (L. Bruner); Middle States, Osten Sacken; Virginia (L. Bruner) ; Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, October, Packard (Museum Com- parative Zoology); Indiana, October 7, Blatchley (A. P. Morse); Fulton County, Indiana, Blatchley; Vigo County, Indiana, Blatchley (A. P. Morse); Putnam County, Indiana, August 20, Blatchley (same); Bloom- ington, Monroe County, Indiana, Bollman (U.S.N.M.); Illinois, Sep- tember (L. Bruner); Rock Island, Hlinois, Walsh; Dallas, Texas, Boll (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection; S. H. Scudder). It has also been reported from Vermont (Scudder); Staten Island, New York (Davis); Ocean County, New Jersey (Smith) ; Ohio (Thomas) ; Galesburg, Knox County, and Urbana, Champaign County, Illinois (MeNeill), and eastern Nebraska (Bruner). Bruner reports it from oak groves and Smith on cranberry bogs, but Beutenmiiller has found that it lives on pine trees. Blatchley found it in the depths of a tamarack swamp, and says it is not an active insect, “usually, after one or two short leaps, squatting close to the earth, and seemingly depending upon the close similarity of its hues to the gray- ish lichens about it to avoid detection.” Others have since found it on coniferous trees, and these are, apparently, its proper station. 24. PHOBRTALIODT ES, mew, Gemuis: (Porradie@rns, a roamer. ) Body elongate, rather slender, a little compressed, very feebly pilose, including faintly the tegmina and legs. Head large, full, prominent, relatively elongate, nearly half as long again as the long prozona, the space behind the eyes fully half as long as the breadth of the eyes, the genae a little tumescent, the head apart from the eyes slightly broader than the pronotum; vertex prominent and well arched both longi- tudinally and transversely; face a little oblique; eyes rounded broad oval, moderately prominent, subtruneate anteriorly, moderately dis- tant, somewhat farther apart than the greatest width of the frontal costa; fastigium very faintly suleate, almost plane; frontal costa promi- nent, markedly narrower above than below the ocellus; antennae slender, moderately long, but shorter than the hind femora, though fully twice as long as the pronotum. Pronotum of moderate length, faintly subsellate but otherwise equal, feebly flaring in front to receive the head ; disk rounded subtectate, with broadly rounded very indistinct lateral carinae, and a sharp, equal, and percurrent median carina; prozona longitudinal, nearly half as long again as the metazona, with indistinet transverse sulci; front margin subtruneate, hind margin extremely ob- tusangulate. Prosternal spine rather large, erect, conical, blunt; meso- and metastethia together much more than twice as long as broad; < NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. aie | interspace between mesosternal lobes much (male) or a little (female) longer than broad, the metasternal lobes attingent (male) or approxi- mate (female); portion of metasternum behind the lobes about twice as broad as long and about half as broad as the greatest breadth of the metasternum. Tegmina either abbreviate, broad lanceolate, acumi- nate, attingent, slightly longer than the pronotum, or fully developed, surpassing the hind femora, rather broad and equal, well rounded at tip, hardly tapering in the distal half, at a distance from the apex equal to the breadth of the tegmina as broad as the metazona, the intercalaries and cross veins of the discoidal area everywhere few, the venation in general loose, irregular, and ill-defined, the humeral vein broadly sinuous, terminating on the costal margin at least as far before the apex as the breadth of the tegmina, nowhere running closely par- allel to the costal margin nor gradually merging into it, the area inter- calata not reaching the middle of the tegmina. Hind femora long and slender, the genicular lobes pallid with a transverse basal fuscous stripe, the hind tibiae glaucous, sometimes yellowish, with eleven to thirteen spines in the outer series. Abdomen compressed, mesially carinate, apically clavate and recurved in the male, the subgenital plate narrow and long, with lateral margins ampliate at base, the apical margin mesially pinched but not elevated, the apical face with no subapical tubercle; furcula delicately developed; cerci compressed styliform, rather small; ovipositor of female normally exserted. This genus is very closely related to Melanoplus, from which it is to be distinguished by its large tumid head and subsellate equal prono- tum, as well as by its substyliform cerci, though the last characteristic is found in some degree in a couple of species of Melanoplus. The neuration of the tegmina, when the latter are developed, also differs to a certain degree, pointed out in the descriptions. Bruner! has already expressed the opinion that this type should be generically dissociated from other Melanopli. A single species is known, found in the western Mississippi basin and beyond its latitudinal limits from Alberta to Mexico. PHOETALIOTES NEBRASCENSIS. (Plates I, fig. e; XXV, figs. 6, 7.) Pezotettix megacephala THoMas, MS., fide Dodge, Can. Ent., IV (1872), p. 15— undescribed. PHOETALIOTES NEBRASCENSIS NEBRASCENSIS. (Plate XXV, fig. 6.) Pezotettix nebrascensis THOMAS, Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p. 455.—GLoveEr., Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pl. x11, fig. 2.—THomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 151.—BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144.—Srax, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 14.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), pp. 136-137; Rep. U.S. Ent. (1885-86), p. 307.—OsBorn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt. 11 (1892), p. 117. 1 Bull. Washb. Coll., I, p. 37. 378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Pezotettiz autumnalis DopGE!, Can. Ent,, VIII (1876), p. 10.—BRUNER, ibid., IX (1877), p. 144; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 59.—McNEILL, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 76. Caloptenus sanguinocephalus LA MUNYON, Proc. Nebr. Ass. Adv. Sc. (1877), March 8, 1877. Euprepocnemis nebrascensis BRUNER, Pub. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p. 28. PHOETALIOTES NEBRASCENSIS VOLUCRIS. (Plates I, fig. e; XXV, fig. 7.) Caloptenus volucris DopGE, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 112.—Bruner, ibid., IX (1877), p. 145.—THomas, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 43.—BRUNER, ibid., III (1883), p. 60. Fusco-testaceous, flavous beneath. Head tlavo-testaceous, in fresh specimens more or less fusco-olivaceous, much infuscated above, with a broad piceous postocular band, and often with a pair of divergent fus- cous or ferrugineous stripes on the summit; vertex very tumid, dis- tinctly elevated above the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes twice (male) or thrice (female) as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium rather rapidly declivent, with scarcely perceptible sul- cation; frontal costa not nearly reaching the clypeus, much broader below than above the ocellus, the change rather abruptly effected and more striking in the female than in the male, at its broadest consider- ably narrower than the interspace between the eyes, distinctly impressed at the ocellus, and in the male sulcate below it, punctate throughout, above biseriately; eyes moderately large, rather prominent, with no great difference between the sexes, fully as long as (female) or distinetly longer than (male) the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous, feebly infuseated apically, about four-fifths (male) or three- fifths (female) as long as the hind femora (but in southern examples of P.n, nebrascensis relatively longer). Pronotum equal, except for being faintly subsellate, especially in the male, the disk ferrugineo-fuscous, rounded subtectate, passing by a very broadly and uniformly rounded shoulder, forming a semblance of blunt lateral carinae, into the ante- riorly feebly tumid vertical lateral lobes, which are more or less flavous below, and above are marked on the prozona with a very broad piceous postocular band, generally broader on the posterior section and occa- sionally broken there; median carina sharp but not high, equal, per- current; front margin subtruncate, hind margin very obtusangulate, in the female often rotundato-obtusangulate; prozona distinctly longi- tudinal in both sexes, sparsely and shallowly and sometimes very obscurely punctate, nearly half as long again as the densely and finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, erect, conical, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes about two and a half times longer than broad (male) or about half as long again as broad (female). Teg- mina slightly longer than the pronotum, broad lanceolate, attingent, the costal margin angulato-convex, the tip bluntly acuminate, ferru gineo-testaceous (P. n. nebrascensis), or surpassing a little the hind femora, overlapping, rather broad, remarkably equal, the apex well EE = are No. 1124, REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 379 rounded, ferrugineo-testaceous in the basal half, beyond subhyaline with fusco-testaceous veins and cross veins (P. n. volucris, Plate I, fig. e); wings in the latter form about as long as the tegmina, moderately broad, hyaline with fusco-olivaceous or fusco-ferruginous veins becom- ing increasingly infuscated apically. Fore and middle femora a little tumid in the male; hind femora flavo-testaceous, generally more or less infuscated or fusco-olivaceous in the upper half of the outer face, the inner side and outer carina of the upper face and upper limit of the inner face more or less distinctly and rather narrowly bifasciate or bimaculate with fuscous; lower face ftlavous sometimes deepening into roseate; upper genicular lobe and base of lower genic- ular lobe blackish fuscous; hind tibiae usually glaucous, sometimes lighter, sometimes darker, occasionally yellowish, with a subbasal black- ish annulus and the apex fuscescent or flavescent, the spines black almost or quite to the base, twelve to thirteen, rarely eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen feebly clavate, a little recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with slightly convex sides and feebly acutangulate apex, the median sulcus rather broad and equal, reaching only the middle of the plate and there fading abruptly, the moderately high walls terminating against a feebly transverse plica; furcula consisting of a pair of very slender and brief needles overlying the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate, not nearly so long as the last dorsal segment; cerci compressed substyliform, moderately broad at base, tapering more rapidly in the basal than in the apical half, bluntly acuminate at tip and about as iong as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate narrow and apically narrowing slightly, the lateral and apical margins in about the same plane, the apical margin laterally compressed mesially, so as to simulate an apical tubercle, entire. Measurements: P. n. nebrascensis (Colorado).—Length of body, male, 22 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male, 9.5 mm., female, 7 mm.; teg- mina, male, 6 mm., female, 6.5 mm.; hind femora, male, female, 11.75 mm. (Texas), body, male, 22.5 mm., female, 30 mm.; antennae, male, female, 11 mm.; tegmina, male, 6 mm., female, 7.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 13 mm., female, 15.25 mm. P.n. volucris (male, Nebraska; female, Montana), body, male, 23 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 9 mm., female, 7.25 mm., tegmina, male, 18.5 mm., female, 18 mm.; hind femora, male, 11.2 mm., female, 12.5 mm. (Texas), body, male, 24mm., female, 28.5 mm.; antennae, male, 10.5 mm., female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male, 18.25 mm., female, 20 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.5 mm., female, 15 mm Twenty-seven males, 28 females. Medicine Hat, Assiniboia, Septem- ber (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Fort McLeod, Alberta, September (same); Glendive, Dawson County, Montana (L. Bruner); Wyoming, Morrison (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Nebraska, Dodge, October (same; S. Henshaw; S. H. Scudder); Gordon, Sheridan County, Nebraska, September (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Fort Robinson, 380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Dawes County, Nebraska, August 21, Bruner (same); Ogalalla, Keith County, Nebraska, August 31 (lL. Bruner); West Point, Cuming County, Nebraska, September (U.S.N.M.—hiley collection; L. Bruner) ; Omaha, Douglas County, Nebraska, September (U.S.N.M.—Riley col- lection); Cordova, Rock Island County, Illinois, September 28, J, MeNeill; Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet, September 1; between Smoky Hill, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado, September, L. Agassiz (Museum Comparative Zoology); Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700 feet, August 30-31; Dallas, Texas, Boll (U.S.N.M.—hiley collection; S. H. Seudder); Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, May (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection); Tucson, Pima County, Arizona (same); Montelovez, Cohahuila, Mexico, September 20, E. Palmer; Sierra de San Miguelito, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer; Guanajuato, Mexico, A. Duges (U.S.N.M.); Queretaro, Mexico, November (L. Bruner); Tlalpan, Mex- ico, November (same). The species has also been reported from Colona, Henry County, IIli- nois (MeNeill), Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas (Bruner), Iowa (Osborn), and Dakota (Bruner). McNeill states that the species was to be found at Cordova, Lllinois, only ‘in a large orchard on the east side of a high hill.” P.n. volucris has been seen by me from Montana, W yoming, Nebraska, Texas, Arizona, and Mexico; P. n. nebrascensis from all the general regions mentioned excepting Montana, Wyoming, and Arizona. Bruner long ago pointed out the dimorphism. The antennae of south- ern examples are relatively longer than in those from northern stations, at least in the form P. n. nebrascensis. 25. PAROXYA. (Ilapa, beside; Oxya, a genus of Acridiinae.) Paroxya SCUDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp. 28-29. Body straight, subeylindrical, briefly pilose. Head moderately large, not prominent, the face subdeclivent, the eyes large, prominent, half as long again (female) or twice as long (male) as the anterior infraocular portion of the genae, separated from each other above by fully (male) or very much more than (female) the width of the basal joint of the antennae; fastigium rather broad, slightly suleate; frontal costa rather prominent above and punctate, subequal, percurrent, feebly sulcate, about as broad as the interspace between the eyes; antennae long, half or much more than half the length of the body in the male, equal, the joints subdepressed, beyond the middle punctate. Dorsum of pronotum twice as long as the average width, at least in the male, subequal throughout, there being no median constriction, transversely very broadly tectate, nearly plane, the median carina slight, equal, percur- rent, the lateral carinae distinct but blunt, the prozona only about a third (or less) longer than the metazona, the hind border of latter No, 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 381 obtusely and bluntly angulate; lateral lobes vertical, their lower border very obtusely angulate in the middle. Prosternal spine prominent, subeylindrical, bluntly pointed, laterally compressed at the base, at least in the male; mesosternal lobes narrowly separated in both sexes; metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or as distant as the mesosternal lobes (female). Tegmina and wings variable, but at least as long as the pronotum. Hind femora reaching or generally surpassing the tip of the abdomen, moderately stout but tapering very regularly, unarmed above, the inferior genicular lobes produced but apically rounded, marked at base with a transverse dark bar; spined margins of hind tibiae smooth, scarcely dilated toward the tip, provided on outer margin with nine to thirteen, generally eleven, spines, the larger number being more common in thefemale. Subgenital plate of male short, transverse, of subequal width throughout, more or less tumid, the lateral margins ampliate at the base; anal cerci of male long, laminate, subclepsydral in shape, incurved; edges of inferior valve of ovipositor smooth. This genus bears a close general resemblance to the gerontogeic genus Oxya, but differs strikingly from it in the separated metasternal lobes of the female, the blunt tips of the inferior genicular lobes of the hind femora, the smooth edges of the hind tibiae and the absence of the terminal spine of the outer series of the same. It is very narrowly separable from Melanoplus, and I do not see how it could be distin- guished from it if we include in it, as Stal did, his Pezotettix plebejus and rusticus. The combination of such peculiarities as the long antennae and strongly transverse subgenital plate of the male with the long and parallel-sided pronotum of both sexes serves to distin- guish it from Melanoplus, as here limited; while the strongly banded sides of the body and the long and clepsydral cerci of the male in all the species mark it as a peculiar type even if these markings and form of genitalia do occur in certain species of the diversified genus Melanoplus. Three species are known and appear to be confined almost entirely to our Atlantic and Gulf borders, though some of the species occur as far inland as Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan. It is unknown west of the Mississippi, except in Louisiana and Texas (though Professor Bruner suspects its presence in Nebraska). They inhabit moist places. The type is P. floridana. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PAROXYA. A’. Antennae and cerci of male relatively short; furcula of male consisting of a pair of triangular plates; tegmina at least as long as body.-.-... 1. atlantica (p. 382). A*, Antennae and cerci of male relatively long; furcula of male consisting of a pair of subequal fingers; tegmina variable. b'. Fureula coarse, heavy, and depressed, generally straight; supraanal plate short triangular; tegmina much shorter than body ...---.--.- 2. hoosieri (p. 382). b?. Fureula relatively slender, cylindrical, often divergent; supraanal plate long triangular; tegmina normally as long as body but very variable. 3. floridana(p.383). 382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 1. PAROXYA ATLANTICA. (Plate XXV, fig. 8.) Paroxya atlantica SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp. 29,88; (pars), Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 7,29; (pars), Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 46-47. : Dark wood-brown above, luteo-testaceous below, with a broad black stripe on the sides of the head behind the eye and the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, sometimes not affecting the metazona; antennae ferruginous, uniform or sometimes slightly infuscated apically, in the male slightly less than half as long as the body. Tegmina uni- form brownish fuscous, just about as long as the body in both sexes. Hind femora luteo-testaceous, the upper inner surface with fuscous median and postmedian bars, the geniculations black, the hind tibiae pale glaucous, with ten to thirteen (usually as many as twelve) spines in the outer row. Supraanal plate of male very short triangular, with a short basal median sulcus with low walls; fureula consisting of a pair of flattened short triangular plates, whose adjacent inner walls are slightly elevated, but which diverge apically; cerci much shorter than in the other species, not extending beyond the tip of the supra- anal plate, compressed laminate, strongly incurved, tapering rapidly at base, then subequal for a short space, ending in a spatulate tip nearly as broad as the base, well rounded apically. Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 29 mm.; antennae, male and female, 11 mm.; tegmina, male, 17 mm., female, 18 mm.; hind femora, male, 13 mm., female, 15.5 mm. Nine males, 4 females. Georgia, H. K. Morrison (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection; S. H. Scudder); Fort Reed, Orange County, Florida, April 7, 21, 23, J. H. Comstock; Sandford, Orange County, Florida, G. B. Frazer. 2. PAROXYA HOOSIERI. (Plate XXV, fig: 9.) Pezotettix hoosieri BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent., XXIV (1892), pp. 31-33. Paroxya atlantica BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent., XXV (1893), p. 90; Proc. Ind. Acad. Se., 1892 (1894), p.118; Can. Ent., XX VI (1894), p. 244. Dark wood brown with an olivaceous tinge above, varying from fla vous to clay yellow beneath, with a broad piceous stripe on the sides, occupying the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, in the female often fading out on the posterior part of the metazona. Face of the color of the wider surface, but generally more or Jess obscured with fuscous or fuliginous; antennae uniform ferrugineo-testaceous, in the male much more than half as long as the body. Tegmina uniform olivaceous brown, less than twice as long as the pronotum. Legs bright olive green, the hind femora more or less embrowned, especially above, the geniculation black; hind tibiae pale glaucous, more or less luteous NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 383 basally with a narrow post-basal black annulus in the luteous portion, the spines black excepting at extreme base, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Supraanal plate of male short triangular, mesially tec- tate, with a very slender, deep, percurrent sulcus broadening consider- ably at the apex; furcula consisting of a pair of adjacent, parallel, pretty long and coarse, strongly depressed, somewhat tapering, blunt apophyses; cerci compressed laminate, strongly incurved throughout, tapering to as much as half the basal width in the proximal half and then immediately and as regularly widening to nearly the basal width in the distal half, subtruncate apically. Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 29 mm.; antennae, male, 12 mm., female, 12.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 9.25 mm., female, 10.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 12 mm., female, 16 mm. Ten males, 8 females. Vigo County, Indiana (W.S. Blatchley; A. P. Morse); Oberlin, Lorain County, Ohio, September 21, coll. L. Jones, W. S. Blatchley. Mr. Blatchley has also taken it in a tamarack swamp in Fulton County, Indiana, and says it is found abundantly from August to October. It was found around the margins of a pond in Vigo County and in Ohio in a swamp in woods. Mr, Lynds Jones writes me that it is “found in abundance in the rank vegetation which sprang up ina dry swamp surrounded by woods” in the vicinity of Oberlin, Ohio. Mr. Blatchley! describes the colors of the living insect. 3. PAROXYA FLORIDANA. (Plate XXV, fig. 10.) Caloptenus floridianus THomas!, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., I, No. 2 (1874), p. 68. Caloptenus floridanus GLOVER, Il. N.A. Ent., Orth. (1874), pl. xvu, fig. 3.—THomas, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42.—BrunNmER, ibid., III (1883), p. 60. Parorya atlantica SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp. 29, 88; (pars), Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp.7, 29; (pars), Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 46.—BRUNER, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 61.—FERNALD, Orth. N. E. (1888), p.34; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XXV (1888), p. 118.—Davlis, Ent. Amer., V (1889), p.81.—SmiTH, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 412; Bull. N. J. Exp. St., K (1890), p. 41; ibid., XC (1892), pp. 4, 31, fig. 4g, pl. 1,2 figs.— BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., III (1893), p.27.—Morskg, Psyche, VI (1893), pp. 401-402; ibid., VII (1894), p. 105.—GarMAn, Orth. Ky. (1894), pp. 3, 8.— BEUTENMULLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894), p. 305, pl. vm, fig. 5. Paroxya recta SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp. 30, 88; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 8, 29; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 47.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 61.—Smiru, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 412; Bull. N. J. Exp. St., K (1890), p. 415; ibid., XC (1892), pp. 4, 31, fig. 4h. Pezotettix atlanticus STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 12. Pezotettix rectus STAL, Bih. K. Sy. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 12. Paroxya floridana Situ, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 412.—BrUTENMULLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894), p. 305. Olivaceous, excepting top of head, thorax, and tegmina, which vary from light to dark brown. Head olivaceous yellow on face and sides, 1Can. Ent., XXIV, p. 32. 384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. in the female more or less infuscated; above the antenne brownish fuscous, more or less tinged with castaneous; behind the eyes a broad, straight, horizontal, black band, edged more or less distinctly, both above and below, with yellowish; antennae varying in length, being relatively longer in southern than in northern examples, but generally about two-thirds as long as the body in the male, yellow at base, beyond testaceous, deepening into fuscous toward the tip, the apices of the joints normally pallid. Upper surface of the pronotum of the color of the top of the head, the upper half of the detlected lobes with avery broad black band in continuation of that on the head, anteriorly edged more or less distinctly, both above and below, with yellowish and generally fading out before, or abruptly terminating at, the meta- zona (in the earlier stages it continues uninterruptedly across the pro- notum, and this persistence is occasionally shown in the adult, or is indicated on the metazona by a brown band sometimes percurrent and usually reduced in width); pleura with a horizontal stigmatal stripe running backward from the hinder edge of the mesothoracic episterna (sometimes confined to the mesothoracic epimera), and an oblique stripe nearly following the division line between the metathoracic episterna and epimera; when the lower stripe is complete it renders the meta- thoracic episterna conspicuous, especially in the male, on account of the cuneiform oblique yellow dash which lies between these two black stripes. Hind margin of pronotum less distinctly angulate—that is, more uniformly rounded—than in the other species, though the differ- ence is but slight and sometimes disappears. Tegmina nearly uniform brownish fuscous, often with a faint line of small fleckings down the middle in the female. Legs of the color of the body, the middle and hind femora generally more or less infuscated on their outer face, the upper half of the genicular lobes of the latter black; hind tibiae glaucous with black or blackish spines. Supraanal plate of male long triangular with a broad mesial rounded ridge extending two-thirds its length, on the summit of which, in the basal half of the plate, is a very narrow deep sulcus which, after interruption, is repeated again in the apical tourth; fureula consisting of a pair of moderately long, moderately slender, cylindrical, slightly tapering, blunt, adjacent fingers (shorter than usual in the specimen figured and drawn too stout), often diver- gent; cerci lamellate, very long, strongly incurved, gradually narrow- ing and then as gradually enlarging, so as to make the spatulate tip nearly as broad as the base, the apical margin rounded and subemar- ginate. The tegmina are ordinarily of about the length of the body, but, in the South particularly, it often occurs with tegmina only reaching a little beyond the middle of the abdomen. I have seen one such from Massachusetts; and in a pair from Fort Worth, Texas, in the National Museum the tegmina are scarcely longer than the pronotum and sub- acuminate at tip. This form may receive the racial name fexrana. NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 385 Length of body (in larger specimens), male, 29 mm., female, 41 mm.; antennae, male, 19 mm., female, 15.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 18 mm., female, 25.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 15.5 mm., female, 21mm. The average length of New England specimens is: Male, 21 mm.; fe- male, 31. One hundred and thirteen males, 87 females. Michigan, M. Miles; Cambridge, Massachusetts, Boll (Museum Comparative Zoology); Fanueil Station, Boston, Massachusetts, July 22, 26, August 11 (A. P. Morse); Newtonville, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, August 11 (A. P. Morse); Niantic, New London County, Connecticut, August 8 (A. P. Morse); New Haven, Connecticut, 8S. I. Smith; North Haven, New Haven County, Connecticut, August 23 (A. P. Morse); Deep River, Middlesex County, Connecticut, August 24 (A. P. Morse); Stamford, Fairfield County, Connecticut, August 13-17, 24 (A. P. Morse); Staten Island, New York, July 25; Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, September 13, C. G. Rockwood (U.S.N.M.—Riley col- lection); Middle States, Baron Osten Sacken; Washington, D.C., July 27, August 23, 28, September 6 (U.S.N.M.—hiley collection); Vir- ginia, September 10, October 19 (same); Diego Bluff, North Carolina, November 5, C. J. Maynard; Charleston, South Carolina, August; Georgia, A. Oemler, H. K. Morrison; Florida (U.S.N.M.—Riley’ col- lection); Enterprise, Volusia County, Florida, May 15, E. A. Schwarz; Fort Reed, Orange County, Florida, May 1, J. H. Comstock; Baton Rouge, Louisiana, September 7 (A. P. Morse); New Orleans, Louisiana, June 20, Shufeldt (U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Dallas, Texas (same) ; Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, May (same). Bruner reports it doubtfully from Nebraska. Professor J. B. Smith found this insect injurious to cranberries in New Jersey. Mr, A. P. Morse describes! a melanistic form. He found most of his New England specimens on Spartina and other grasses and sedges. It is found most abundant in wet localities. 26. POECILOTETTIX, new genus. (IToixitros, mottled; rérrzé, grasshopper. ) Head and body with the general aspect of Melanoplus. Head nearly vertical, especially in the female, the eyes moderately large, moderately prominent in the male, broad oval, not more than half as long again as broad; antennae very little longer in both sexes than head and _ pro- notum together. Pronotum enlarging very slightly posteriorly, the suture between prozona and metazona deeply impressed, with rounded walls; the prozona scarcely or but little longer than the metazona, coarsely and distantly punctate, the transverse sutures distinct and rather heavy, transversely broadly convex with no lateral carinae; the ' Psyche, VI, pp. 401-402. Proc. N. M. vol. xx 25 386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. metazona finely and closely punctate, slightly tumid in the female, the angle of the lateral carinae well rounded, the posterior border broadly angulato-convex, margined; median carina obsolete or sub- obsolete throughout. Prosternal spine slender, straight, acuminate; meso- and metastethia together longer than broad; interval between mesothoracie lobes distinctly, generally very much, longer than broad, generally broader in the female than in the male, the metasternal lobes subattingent or approximate, the portion of the metasternum behind the lobes small, hardly more than twice as broad as long. Tegmina fully developed in all known species, remarkably uniform in width, with the costa very slightly expanded near the base, and a strongly and uniformly rounded apex. Hind femora moderately slender, with immaculate inferior genicular lobes, the tibiae with eight to nine exter- nal spines. Cerci of male extremely slender beyond the tapering lami- nate base, the furcula subobsolete; the lateral margins of the subgenital plate ampliate at base and the apex provided with a distinct tubercle; the pallium often has a pyramidal erection. P. picticornis (Thomas) may be regarded as the type. As far as known, this genus occurs only on the Pacific coast, near our southern borders. It is remarkable for the tuberculate abdomen, resembling Hesperotettix, but apical instead of subapical, and for the sometimes vivid and always exceptionally variegated colorings of its different species. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PGECILOTETTIX. _ A’, Antennae annulate and pronotum and femora distinctly and distantly punctate with blackish fuscous; antennae hardly attenuate apically; eyes of female anteriorly truncate; apical tubercle of male abdomen raised above the level of the sides of the IML vN NA OEMS) GSombe GSsees Sooboo Sooo coscUn bos Soo G00 onSoeC 1. picticornis (p. 386). A?, Antennae concolorous, distinctly attenuate apically; eyes of female anteriorly subtruncate; pronotum and femora variegated with red and brown; apical tubercle of male abdomen not elevated above the sides of the subgenital plate. b!. Relatively stout-bodied, with stout femora; apex of male abdomen with a bifid tubercle. jcc.nicses Joab 08 lecink ee aeeee eRe ee ee eee eee 2. sanguineus (p. 387). b?. Relatively slender-bodied, with slender femora; apex of male abdomen with a simple conical. tubercle. senso eects ee ee eee eae 3. coccinatus (p. 389). 1. POECILOTETTIX PICTICORNIS. (Plate XXVI, fig. 1.) Caloptenus (Hesperotettix) picticornis THoMas!, Proc. Day. Acad. Se., II (1877), p. 125, pl. iv, figs. 1, 2. Ground color very uniform luteo-testaceous, the pronotum and femora slightly darker than the tegmina and feebly lustrous. Head distantly and coarsely punctate with blackish brown along the carinae of the face, the front and inferior margins of the genae and across the labrum; pronotum similarly punctate, except upon the dorsum of the metazona (though the puncta foliow the posterior margin), the puncta transversely disposed and in the center of the lateral lobes more or less No 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER,. 387 suffused and confluent, forming infumate spots; and similar puncta upon the thoracic pleura, all the femora, and the fore and middle tibiae; antennae coarse, bluntly terminated, annulate with blackish brown, which oddly occurs at the apex of one and the base of the succeeding joint, the incisures excepted; frontal costa slightly narrower than the interspace between the eyes, uniform in width, deeply sulcate; eyes of female anteriorly truncate, not more than half as long again as the anterior infraocular portion of the genae. Pronotum most sparsely pilose, the metazona with exceedingly delicate punctuation and with a very feeble median carina, continued on the prozona as an impressed line only; hind margin obtusangulate, the angle rather broadly rounded. Tegmina subhyaline on the apical half or more, both veins and cross- veins very pale testaceous; wings hyaline, nearly as long as the teg- mina, of ample breadth, with pallid veins and cross veins. Hind tibiae and tarsi luteous, the spines black tipped, varying from eight to nine on the outer margin in both sexes. Supraanal plate of male triangular, rather elongate, with rounded acute apex, the surface with two high and sharp, subparallel, convergent and then divergent, longitudinal ridges, fading apically, including between them a rather narrow and very deep median sulcus extending the whole length of the plate, but shallow apically; furcula consisting of two distinct, not large, adjacent, rounded lobes, projecting by half their length; cerci moderately broad and slightly inflated at the base, at once narrowing, wholly on the upper side, beyond straight, compressed, equal, scarcely incurved, about one-third the width of the base, the tip roundly pointed, reach- ing as far as the tip of the supraanal plate; infracercal plates concealed when the cerci are recumbent; lateral margins of the subgenital plate sinuous, the apical tubercle a little elevated, broad, subtruncate, and subbifid as viewed posteriorly, pilose. Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male, 10 mm., female, 11.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 19.75 mm., female, 23.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 12.75 mmn., female, 15 mm. Two males, 2 females. Arizona, Dunn (L. Bruner; U.S.N.M.—Riley collection). It was originally described by Thomas from Arizona. Pro- fessor L. Bruner writes me that he has received the same species from Tepic, Jalisco, Mexico. This insect may be instantly distinguished from every other in the entire group of Melanopli by its peculiar blackish punctuation and the annulate antennae. I had an opportunity of studying the type many years ago, and part of the above description is taken from notes made at the time. 2. POECILOTETTIX SANGUINEUS, new species. (Plate XXVI, fig. 2.) Dactylotum longipennis BRUNER, MS., fide TOWNSEND, Ins. Life, VI (1893), p. 30— undescribed. Head bright yellow luteous, broadly clouded above and below and especially below with plumbeo-fuscous and somewhat irregularly enliy- 388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. ened with crimson at various points, especially along the carinae, upon either side of the labrum, along the clypeal suture and the margins of the genae, besides a mediodorsal stripe on the vertex, and sometimes an oblique genal streak, and touches behind the eyes; eyes of female sub- truncate anteriorly, the lower portion of their front with a distinct pos- terior curve; antennae rather slender, apically acuminate, dark fusco- plumbeous. Pronotum most sparsely pilose, light olivaceo-fuscous, the sulci marked with blackish fuscous, a mediodorsal crimson stripe, and crimson margining the lateral lobes of the metazona, broadly behind, narrowly beneath, besides touches in the center of an olivaceous patch in the upper part of the lateral lobes of the prozona and along the front margin of the same; metazona with crowded fine punctuation and a slight median carina, the hind margin obtusangulate, the angle rounded. Tegmina far surpassing the abdomen, rather slender, hyaline on much more than the distal half, the veins pea-green; wings nearly as long as the tegmina, with ample breadth, hyaline, the veins pale glau- cous. Fore and middle femora yellow luteous, longitudinally and nar- rowly striped with fuscous; hind femora yellow luteous, the outer face and especially its lower half, excepting a pregenicular band, plumbeo- fuscous, the upper face crossed by four plumbeo-fuscous bands—a basal more or less obsolete, an apical covering the geniculation, and two between; hind tibiae and tarsi glaucous, the spines pallid glaucous with black tips, eight in number in both sexes. Abdomen olivaceo-fuscous above, bright yellow beneath, the lower margins of the dorsal pilates and the dorsal carina marked with carmine; supraanal plate of male triangular with bluntly pointed apex, the surface with two rather dis- tant, parallel, longitudinal, somewhat elevated but not very sharp ridges, extending over the basal two-thirds of the plate, inclosing between them a rather broad, subequal, moderately deep sulcus which does not continue to the apex; furcula consisting of two closely approxi- mated, rounded, little projecting lobes lying over the sulcus; cerei moderately broad and laminate at base, rapidly tapering on basal half, largely by the excision of the upper margin, the apical half or more sub- cylindrical, very slender, equal, terminating bluntly, gently incurved; infracercal plates concealed by the recumbent cerei; lateral margins of the subgenital plate straight beyond the ampliate bases, the apical tubercle not elevated above its level, rather slight, bifid. Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 26 mm.; antennae, male, 8.75 min., female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male, 18.25 mm., female, 24.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 13.5 min. One male, 1 female. Bradshaw Mountain, Arizona, June 21, A. B. Cordley (L. Bruner). The bright coloring of this species recalls that of Dactylotwn. Pro- fessor Bruner informs me that this was the species referred to by Townsend in Insect Life (VI, p. 30) as found at Hance’s in the Grand Canon of the Colorado, 3,000 to 5,000 feet below the rim. As all the No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 389 species of the present genus have similarly long wings, I have not retained the manuscript name of Bruner, given by him to distinguish it from the species of Dactylotum which have short wings. 3. POECILOTETTIX COCCINATUS, new species. (Plate XXVI, fig. 3.) Head brighter or duller yellow, more or less infumated, especially on the lower half, but enlivened with crimson more or less distinetly (but not so conspicuously) as in P. sangwineus and at somewhat similar points, but especially on the fastigium, the sides of the labrum, the elypeal suture, and the lateral carinae of the face, besides the medio- dorsal stripe of the vertex; eyes of female as in P.sanguineus; antennae apically acuminate, greenish plumbeous, the basal joints pale. Prono- tum most sparingly pilose, olivaceo-fuscous with shades varying from olivaceous to fuscous, the latter more pronounced on the front part of the metazona and the dorsum of the prozona, except an olivaceous, continuous, mediodorsal stripe, more or less conspicuously marked with a crimson thread; crimson also margins the lateral lobes of the meta- zona and appears more or less distinctly on the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona; the transverse sulci of the disk are only slightly darker than the ground; metazona with crowded fine punctuation and a slight median carina, the hind margin strongly convex, hardly angu- late. Tegmina slender, far surpassing the abdomen, hyaline on more than the apical half, the veins yellow; wings nearly as long as the teg- mina, greenish hyaline, the veins of the upper half fuscous or greenish fuscous, of the lower half and most of the cross veins glaucous. Fore and middle femora luteous, clouded with fuscous; hind femora luteous, the outer face infuscated and the upper area alternately pale fuscous and Juteous or carmine; hind tibiae and tarsi glaucous, the spines glau- cous or pallid with black tips, seven to eight on the outer row in the female, eight in the male. Abdomen light fuscous with dull luteous areas, but no enlivenment with brighter colors; supraanal plate of male triangular, elongate, the apex acute; surface with two parallel, not distant, sharply elevated ridges which extend, diminishing pos- teriorly, nearly or quite the length of the plate, including between them a rather narrow and deep narrowing sulcus; furcula consisting of only a slight thickening of the posterior edge of the last dorsal segment above the two ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci not very broad at extreme base, rapidly and regularly tapering in the basal third, the remainder very slender, equal or barely expanded at the blunt extremity; lateral margins of the subgenital plate straight on the apical half, the apical tubercle not rising above their level but having the same direction, conical, simple. Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 30 mm.; antennae, male, 7.5 mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 19 mm., female, 24.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 14 mm. 390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. One male, 3 females. Los Angeles, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.— Riley collection). This species closely resembles the preceding, but is rather slenderer, especially the male, with less pronounced crimson markings, besides the differences noted in the table. 27. OEDALEONOTUS, new genus. (O26 adéos, swollen; v@ros, back.) Body stout, heavy and clumsy. Head large and full, the vertex well arched, raised considerably above the level of the prothorax, the fas- tigium broad, broadly and shallowly suleate and considerably declivent, the eyes separated rather widely; face nearly vertical; frontal costa very broad, subequal, nearly plane, percurrent but sometimes obscure basally; eyes rather large, not very prominent, broadly ovate, with a slight production above anteriorly; antennae not slender, uniform, slightly longer (male) or slightly shorter (female) than head and pronotum together. Pronotum short and stout, enlarging posteriorly only by the slight flare of the metazona, with vertical though slightly tumid lateral lobes, more or less flaring on the metazona below, separated from the dorsum by more or less pronounced, coarse, rounded rugae, generally interrupted on the posterior portion of the prozona, the median carina interrupted between the sulci; disk of prozona distinctly tumid, but little longer than the metazona, from which it is separated by a very deep sulcus, its own posterior transverse sulci deeply impressed, approximate, and subparallel, the anterior submarginal sulcus also very distinct, the margin being elevated to receive the head; metazona plane, punctato-rugulose, very obtusely angulate behind, the border margi- nate. Prosternal spine short, conical, blunt; meso- and metastethia together distinctly longer than broad in both sexes, the mesosternal lobes a little longer than broad in both sexes, the metasternal lobes subattingent in the male, slightly distant in the female, the space behind the latter laterally elongate, extending forward to the coxae. Tegmina fully developed or abbreviate, rarely shorter than the prono- tum and then but slightly. Hind femora stout, heavy, aud tumid, the inferior genicular lobe pallid, immaculate. Abdomen of female with abbreviated terminal segments (recalling Bradynotes) and partially exserted ovipositor; of male not enlarged at the extremity and scarcely elevated, terminating roundly and bluntly, the last ventral segment (in advance of the subgenital plate) scarcely longer than the penultimate; subgenital plate of male very brief and subequal, its lateral margins distinctly ampliate at the base and entire apically, with no tubercle; cerci tumid and enlarged at base, suddenly contracted, and terminating in a slender posterior process. This genus is quickly separated from those in its immediate vicinity by the tumidity of the prozona, and the clumsy torm, which give it a very distinct appearance. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 391 I know of but a single species, which inhabits the Pacific coast from Canada to Mexico, and which assumes three forms according to the length of the organs of flight, that with the organs fully developed being thus far known only from southern California, from the head of the San Joaquin Valley to San Diego. It is distinguished from the others not only by the development of these organs, but by a slightly slenderer body, the grossness of the others seeming to be correlated with their incapacity of flight. OEDALEONOTUS ENIGMA. (Plate XXVI, figs. 4-6.) Melanoplus collaris SCUDDER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75. Melanoplus flavoannulatus BRUNER, Ins. Life, III (1890), p. 140. Pezotettix enigma BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. 8. Dep. Agric., XXVIII (1893), pp. 33-34, fig. 17. UEDALEONOTUS ENIGMA COLLARIS. (Plate XXVI, fig. 6.) Melanoplus collaris SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 286; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p.45.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., IIT (1883), p. 60. Caloptenus flavolineatus BRUNER (nec THOMAS), Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., XXVIII (1893), p. 33. OEDALEONOTUS ENIGMA ENIGMA. (Plate XX VI, fig. 5.) Pezotettic enigma ScuDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p.505; Ann. Rep. Geol. Sury. 100th Mer., 1876 (1876), p. 285; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (18W8), p. 287; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p.46.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., IIt (1883), p. 59; Can. Ent., XVII (1885), p.15; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XX VII (1892), p. 29. OEDALEONOTUS ENIGMA JUCUNDUS. (Plate XXVI, fig. 4.) Pezotettic jucundus ScUDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p. 505; Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. 100th Mer., 1876 (1876), p. 285.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p.59. Body yellowish testaceous marked with brownish fuscous. Head above, behind the narrowest part of the vertex, marked with an elongated, expanding, blackish fuscous stripe, through the middle of which runs a yellow line, and by a supraorbital arcuate band of a simi- lar color, usually broken, often obsolete, and terminating just below a narrow short yellow stripe behind the upper part of the eye; space between the eyes rather narrower than the frontal costa, the fastigium broadening considerably in front of the eyes and broadly sulcate throughout; frontal costa broad and nearly equal, broadest just above the ocellus, rather sparsely punctate, and at the ocellus very shallowly suleate, often nearly imperceptible. Pronotum short and rather stout, 392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. Xx. the anterior and posterior halves of the lateral lobes nearly symmetri- eal; disk obscured with fuscous or dark brown, with equal sides; the median carina, which is marked with dark brown and is distinct though slight on the metazona, is obsolete on the prozona, represented only bythe dark line, sometimes faintly impressed ; lateral carinae very obseure, converging anteriorly, and distinguished by a narrow, dull yellow stripe, the rest of the disk and the upper part of the lateral lobes being obscurely marked with dusky brown, which on the lateral lobes is darkest in the sulci; a distinct longitudinal sulcus, more distinct for its deeper color, unites thetwo percurrent sulci of the lateral lobes in the mid- dle; anterior margin of the prozona marked by a submarginal continuous suleus, distinct only on the lateral lobes; posterior -border of the meta- zona very broadly rounded or subangulate. Prosternal spine straight, rather slender, subeonical, bluntly pointed. Tegmina subovate, slightly longer than the pronotum in the form jueundus, fully half as long as the abdomen in the form enigma, fully as long as and generally much longer than the abdomen in the form collaris, brownish fuscous, the longitudi- nal veins mostly yellowish, and flecked, principally along the median area but also without it, with longitudinal series of subquadrate, black- ish fuscous spots, the apex subacuminate when abbreviate, well rounded when fully developed; wings pellucid with fuscous veins. Pleura with an oblique, bright yellow stripe, edged with black above the hind coxae. Hind femora luteous, the outer and in part the upper face marked by a large, apical, yellowish-brown spot, a very broad, angulate, transverse median band of the same color, and a similar basal band, sometimes obsolete or obsolescent, on the lower half; outer are of upper genicular lobes black; tibiae glaucous, yellow on the sides and at extreme base, the apical half of the spines black; arolium either quadrate, rather narrow, longer than the claws (male) or obpyriform, small, but little more than half as long as the claws (female). Abdomen yellow, the sides chafed by the femora dark fuscous; supraanal plate of male rather short triangular, the sides feebly sinuate, the apex acute, the surface marked by a pair of deep and broad converging sulci, lying between the lateral margins and the thereto parallel, elevated and rather sharp ridges, which inclose a deep, triangular, basal sulcus; a slender deli- eate median sulcus on apical half; cerei very broadly expanded and bullate at the base, tapering rapidly and regularly just beyond the middle, beyond less rapidly, forming a delicate, slender, but bluntly pointed tip, slightly hooked downward and feebly incurved. Length of body, male, 25 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male and female, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 21.5 mm., female, 23 mm.; hind femora, male, 14 mm., female, 16mm. These measurements are taken from the form collaris. Seventy-one males, 78 females. Boise City, Ada County, Idaho (U.S. N.M.); Washington, Morrison (U.S.N.M.; 8S. Henshaw) La Chapples, Yakima County, Washington, July 16 (Museum Comparative Zoology); NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 393 Lone Tree, Yakima River, Washington, July 18 (same); Spokane, Wash- ington, July 21-22 (same); Loon Lake, Colville Valley, Washington, July 25 (same); Umatilla, Oregon, June 24, 27 (same); The Dalles, Wasco County, Oregon, H. Edwards; The Dalles, Oregon, June 23, Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology); California, Burrison (S. Henshaw): Fort Reading, Shasta Valley, California, Lieutenant Wil- liamson; Walker Basin, Siskiyou County, California, July 15, A. K. Fisher (U.S.N.M.); Tehama County, California, Coquillett (same); Agua Caliente, Sonoma County, California, E. Palmer; Sacramento County, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.); Atwater, Merced County, California, July 29, Coquillett (same); Tipton, Tulare County, California Crotch (Museum Comparative Zoology; S. H. Seudder); Santa Bar- bara, California, July 1, H. W Henshaw, C. J. Shoemaker; San Buena- ventura, Santa Barbara County, California, August 18 (U.S.N.M.); Mohave River, California, O. Loew; Los Angeles, California, July, C. J. Shoemaker; Los Angeles County, California, May, June, and in coitu September, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.); Los Angeles, California (L. Bruner) ; San Bernardino County, California, May, in coitu (U.S.N.M.); San Diego County, California (E. Palmer; U.S.N.M.); Tighes Station, San Diego County, California, EK. Palmer. Bruner reports the species also from Nevada and Arizona. Palmer found this species on grassy slopes, beside brooks. The form enigma appears to be the only one found in the northern part of the range of the species north of central California, and the form collaris is rarely met with anywhere. The different forms have not been taken in coitu with each other, so far as I know. The form jucundus besides having very short tegmina, is noticeably smaller than the others. I ean searcely think the form collaris to be the insect described by Thomas as Caleoptenus [sic] flavolineatus,' as Bruner has supposed. Thomas’s description very poorly fits it; he makes no mention of the tumid prozona, and he states, both here and subsequently,” that it closely resembles Melanoplus spretus, and that the posterior margin of the subgenital plate of the male is notched, whereas its general appear- ance is very different indeed from J. spretus; so much so that it can hardly be believed that anyone would select it for comparison; nor has the apical margin of the subgenital plate the faintest sign of any emargination. Thomas’s specimen was derived from Crotch’s collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology; Crotch collected Oedaleonotus enigma collaris in central, not southern, California, whereas Thomas gave his C. flavolineatus from southern California. Thomas’s description does not at all fit any species from southern California which has come under my notice, and until such a form occurs his name should go for nothing—at least until the Acridian fauna of that region is fairly well known. 1 Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury. Terr., I, No. 2, p. 68. 2 Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., I, p. 43. 394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 28. ASEMOPLUS, new genus. (“Aénuos, without device; dala, armor.) Body resembling Conaleaea in general appearance, rather slender, compressed cylindrical, feebly and sparsely pilose. Head moderately large, not prominent, with feebly tumescent genae, the vertex well arched, raised but little above the general level of the pronotum, the fastigium rapidly descending, the face rounded and a little retreating; eyes separated widely, the fastigium depressed only between them and very feebly, passing insensibly into the broad and equal frontal costa, which is yet narrower than the interspace between the eyes, rounded, fading below the ocellus; eyes large, moderately prominent, very broad oval, the front border subtruncate, half as long again as the anterior infraocular portion of the genae; antennae very slender, longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum short, subequal, the metazona flaring somewhat, transversely convex, the disk passing insensibly into the subvertical lateral lobes, with no sign of lateral carinae, the median carina slight and occurring only on the metazona; fore and hind mar- gins both truncate, the latter feebly and broadly emarginate; prozona coarsely and sparsely punctate, transverse, almost twice as long as the finely and densely punctate metazona, the transverse sulci of the former distinct, the postmedian more or less sinuate. Prosternal spine erect, stout, subeconical; meso- and metastethia together distinctly (male) or slightly (female) longer than broad, the interva! between the meso- sternal lobes quadrate (male) or transverse and as broad as the lobes (female); metasternal lobes rather (male) or distinctly (female) distant, but in neither case more distant than the width of the frontal costa, the portion of the thorax behind the metasternal lobes only a little more than half as broad as the metasternum, but more than twice as broad as long. Tegmina linear, lateral, shorter than the pronotum. Hind femora not very long, but slender, the inferior genicular lobe pallid and immaculate, the hind tibiae with ten to twelve spines in the outer series. Abdomen of male feebly clavate apically and somewhat up- turned, the lateral margins of the subgenital plate strongly ampliate at base, apically produced and acutangulate, but with no tubercle; cerci substyliform; abdomen of female tapering regularly to a pointed tip, the ovipositor normally exserted. This genus is represented by a single species, found only in the extreme northwestern United States. ASEMOPLUS MONTANUS. (Plate XXVI, fig. 7.) Bradynotes montanus BRUNER!, Can. Ent., XVII (1885), pp. 16-17. Body very dark reddish brown, marked with black and testaceous, beneath luteous. Head olivaceo-luteous, infumated, above and on the No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 395 posterior parts ‘of the genae above the lower level of the eyes dark reddish brown, with a mediodorsal thread of testaceous, and another behind the middle of the upper half of the eyes; whole face and espe- cially frontal costa punctate; antennae ferruginous, apically infuscated. Pronotum with the metazona ferrugineo-testaceous, the prozona very dark reddish brown, the upper two-thirds of the lateral lobes piceous or plumbeo-piceous, sometimes merely dull piceous, with black sulci, the lower portion of the lobes including the metazona Iuteous, fading upward gradually on the metazona. Mesonotum, metanotum, and abdomen dark reddish brown, with a sometimes obsolete, slender, flavo- testaceous or ferrugineo-testaceous dorsal stripe edged with black, which in some cases reappears on the prozona of the pronotum. Teg- mina about as long as the prozona,' subequal, three or four times as long as broad and well rounded at tip, fusco-testaceous, lighter along the inner (upper) margin. Legs luteous, more or less heavily tinged with ferruginous along the upper surface, the hind femora more than the anterior pairs, the carinae being often more or less heavily marked with black, the genicular are black; hind tibiae very feebly incurved, yellow luteous, the spines black-tipped. Supraanal plate of male trian- gular with slightly rounded sides, the tip well rounded, with a deep basal median sulcus, half as long as the plate and bounded by rather high ridges, which after uniting in the middle again part slightly and run parallel to the apex, leaving a slight sulcus between them; furcula consisting of apair of slightly separated minute triangular lobes; cerci slender, slightly compressed, tapering gently on basal half, beyond very slender, subcylindrical, scarcely tapering, acuminate, and curved downward (the latter feature not shown in the figure); infracercal plates rather short, rounded, concealed by the recumbent cerci. Length of body, male, 17 mm., female 19.5 im.; antennae, male, 6.75 mm., female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 5 mm.; hind femora, male, 8.75 mm., female, 10 mm. Seven males, 7 females. Montana, L. Bruner (L. Bruner; S. H. Scudder; U.S.N.M.—Riley collection); Loon Lake, Colville Valley, northeastern Washington, July 23-25, S. Henshaw (Museum Compara- tive Zoology). Bruner states that the Montana specimens were taken near Helena “among the trailing junipers on north mountain slopes, at moderate elevations.” He also states that the colors of the living insect are much more vivid than in cabinet specimens, “ The yellowish hair- lines and dorsal line of the abdomen are glossy white, while the front and lower surface are of a bright lemon yellow; the brown is a bright hazel.” In some specimens, especially of the female, the pronotum is crossed by a narrow testaceous Sauls which cuts the darker markings, running 1Bruner states that the tegmina are enenmes Reap but I araie San fron indi- viduals that have lost them by accident. I have seen only one in which they were lost from both sides; several in which they have been lost from one side. 396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. obliquely upward from the lower level of theeye toward the upper pos- terior limit of the lateral lobes of the prozona, usually narrowing as it goes. 29. PHILOCLEON, new genus. (S:AoxAc@yr, a character in Aristophanes ‘‘Wasps,” who ends the play in a leaping dance.') Body closely resembling that of Podisma, compressed cylindrical, not very slender, rather thinly pilose throughout with rather long deli- eate hairs. Head moderately large, feebly prominent, the genae not tumescent, the vertex well arched but only slightly elevated above the pronotum; fastigium sulcate and declivent, passing insensibly into the straight and little prominent frontal costa, the face retreating but little; eyes rather widely separated, moderate in size, rather prominent, broad oval, the front margin subtruncate (female) or feebly convex (male), not more than half as long again as broad, produced neither above nor below; antennae slender, much longer than (male) oras long as (female) the head and pronotum together. Pronotum short, compressed ecylin- drical, with no trace of lateral carinae and very feeble median carina, both front and hind margins truncate; prozona sparsely and feebly, metazona more closely but not densely punctate, the transverse sulci moderate. Prosternal spine short, corical; meso- and metastethia together much longer than broad in both sexes, the latter narrowing rapidly behind, so that the portion behind the lobes is only (male) or scarcely more than (female) half as broad as the metasthethium; inter- space between the mesosternal lobes longer than broad (male) or sub- quadrate (female), the metasternal lobes attingent or subattingent (male) or approximate, the interspace narrower than the frontal costa (female). Tegmina wanting. Hind femora moderately stout, the inferior genicular lobe pallid except at extreme base, the hind tibiae with nine to eleven spines in the outer series. Sides of the first abdominal Segment with no tympanum, the extremity in the male clavate, the sub- genital plate with no apical tubercle, its lateral margins abruptly and considerably ampliate at the base; cerei lamellate, narrow beyond the rather broad base and incurved. Abdomen of female regularly taper- ing, the ovipositor normally exserted. The genus is represented by a single Mexican species, originally described as Pecotettix nigrovittatus Stal. PHILOCLEON NIGROVITTATUS. (Plate XXVI, figs. 8, 9.) Pesotettix nigroviitatus STA, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., ITI, No. 14 (1875), p. 32; ibid, V, No. 9 (1878), p. 15. Pecoteitiz apterus BRUNER!, MS. Flavo-testaceous, heavily variegated with black and red, pilose. Head fusco-olivaceous, darker in the male than in the female, above ‘**For now in these sinewy joints of ours The cup-like socket is twirled about.” ee ee eee yt. pa ine oe ms a ee a No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 397 with a median black stripe and a broad postocular piceous band broadly margined with flavo-testaceous; vertex well arched, slightly or not elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes a little broader than (male) or fully twice as broad as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium considerably declivent, rather deeply sulcate; frontal costa almost percurrent, equal, about as broad as (male) or distinctly narrower than (female) the interspace between the eyes, strongly sulcate throughout, sparsely punctate; eyes moderate in size, prominent particularly in the male, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae pale red, feebly infuscated apically, fully four-fifths (male) or about two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum short, subcylindrical, a little compressed, in the female feebly and regularly enlarging posteriorly, in the male equal on the prozona and faintly flaring on the metazona, the disk in both sexes transversely convex and passing quite insensibly into the vertical lateral lobes; the ground color of the pronotum is flavo-testaceous, but it is heavily overlaid with black somewhat irregularly, which however forms a broad dorsal band (divided in the female by a mediodorsal flavous stripe) crossing the prozona only, and very broad piceous (male) or brownish fuscous (female) postocular bands crossing the whole pronotum, broken to some extent, and especially posteriorly divided. by a flavo-testaceous, posteriorly flavous, longitudinal stripe running through its upper portion; the transverse sulci are also marked in black and the lower margins of the lobes are broadly bordered with blackish fuscous; the disk of the metazona is ferruginous or rufous, more or less infuscated laterally; median carina obsolete; front margin truncate (male) or gently and mesially arcuate (female), hind margin truncate; prozona very sparsely punctate, subquadrate, only a third longer (the-principal sulcus arcuate, opening backward) than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, conical, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes half as long again as broad (male) or a little broader than long (female). Tegmina wanting. Fore and middle femora considerably swollen in the male, ferrugineo-flavous; hind femora varying from flavo-testaceous to ferruginous and very broadly bifasciate with black, the fasciations so confused on the outer face, especially in the female, that this often becomes wholly black with more or less pronounced flavous incisures, the lower margin of the outer face flavous, sometimes linearly dotted with black, the lower face more or less sanguineous, the sides of the geniculation black except the flavous apical portion of the lower genic- ular lobe; hind tibiae more or less feebly incurved apically, fusco-glau- cous with a black patellar annulus, the spines black in their apical half, ten, rarely nine or eleven, in number in the outer series. Abdomen with meso- and metathorax dull flavo-testaceous, heavily overlaid with black in more or less broken continuation of the pronotal stripes and bands, the slender mediodorsal flavous stripe of the prozona also repeated on the 398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. abdomen in the female; the extremity strongly clavate in the male and considerably recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with blunt apex, the sides nearly straight, feebly emarginate just before the middle, but scarcely at all elevated, the median carina very deep in the basal half between high and sharp walls, beyond shallow and feeble but percur- rent; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, minute, slender, par- allel, blunt fingers, no longer than the last dorsal segment; cerci very long and slender, exteriorly a little tumid, bent arcuate, tapering gradually to the middle to less than half the basal breadth, then bent roundly inward and thereafter equal, blunt-tipped, their tips meeting over the apex of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate short, slightly broader apically than at base, almost twice as long as broad, the lateral margins strongly rounded at base, with the apical margin, as seen from above, very strongly rounded, not elevated, entire. Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 8.75 mm., female, 8 mm.; pronotum, male, 4.2 mm., female, 5.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 12.5 mm. Two males, 4 females. Comancho, Zacatecas, Mexico (lL. Bruner); San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer; Mount Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer. By the kindness of Doctor Aurivillius of Stockholm, I am able to illustrate the male abdomen of Stal’s type (fig. 9), which I should have been unable to identify with certainty from the rather meager descrip- tion. I donot find the apex of the hind tibiae black, as Stal states them to be. 30. APTENOPEDES. CAnrnhy, unfledged; 776 dw, to leap.) Aptenopedes SCUDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp. 83-84. Body compressed, especially in the female, where it is also feebly fusiform, feebly pilose. Head projecting, front strongly oblique, whole summit of head horizontal, scarcely convex, triangular; eyes nearly meeting above, especially in the male, where they are separated by a space not wider than the narrowest part of the frontal costa, the fastig- jum in front of them laterally expanded and slightly tumid; front sub- appressed, particularly in the female, almost straight; eyes long oval, moderately prominent, in the female depressed and tapering above; antennae moderately slender, linear, subdepressed, about as long as (female) or slightly longer than (male) the head and pronotum together; palpi rather small, the last joint nearly cylindrical, not in the least expanded. Pronotum regularly expanding posteriorly in the female, only expanding at the very tip and then but slightly in the male; front margin slightly convex, hind margin slightly and angularly excised; surface uniformly rugulose, tectiform, especially in the female, the median carina distinct but not prominent, the lateral carinae wholly No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 399 wanting; metazona less than half as long as the prozona, the latter divided a little behind the middle by a scarcely perceptible sinuate sulcus; lateral lobes nearly twice as long as broad, narrowing down- ward, the inferior margin very broadly angulate, the posterior margin roundly excised. Prosternal spine blunt, conico-cylindrical; inner mar- gin of mesosternal lobes broadly convex, the lobes subapproximate (male) or distant from each other by half their width (female); meta- sternal lobes subcontiguous in both sexes. Tegmina linear, about as long as the pronotum, or absent. Hind femora extending nearly to (female) or a little beyond (male) the tip of the abdomen, the superior margin unarmed, the hind tibiae with their outer edges smooth, the spines similar in length on the two sides, those of the outer series nine to ten in number; first and third tarsal joints equal, the second less than half as long as either. Abdomen indistinctly carinate throughout, the extremity scarcely enlarged in the male; subgenital plate ampliate at base, short, not projecting far beyond the tip of the small supraanal plate, and in particular so little elevated posteriorly as to expose the recumbent pallium more or less to a posterior view; furcula feeble; cerci styliform; infracereal plates highly developed. In general appearance the species of this genus most nearly resemble those of Gymnoscirtetes Bruner, Paradichroplus Brunner, and Scopas Giglio Tos. The distinctions of the genus from the first, besides its ampliate subgenital plate, are pointed out under that genus. From Paradichroplus it differs in its more compressed body, the more taper- ing vertex, the slenderer tegmina (when they are present), the lack of any enlargement of the tip of the male abdomen, with the shorter sub- genital plate, the ampliate basal margin of the same, the posteriorly exposed pallium, and the wholly simple cerci. From Scopas, which I have not seen, it appears to differ in its more prominent prosternal spine, its narrower labrum, more declivent face, less cylindrical pro- notum, with its excised posterior margin, besides its simple cerci. Its subconical head, especially in the female, gives it a peculiar aspect. A, sphenarioides Scudder, is the type. Three species occur in the Southern States along the borders of the Gulf of Mexico, and may be separated as follows: ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF APTENOPEDES. A’. Tegmina present in one or both sexes; frontal costa no broader at base than in the middle. b'. Tegmina present in both sexes; furcula of male as long as the last dorsal seg- ment; anal cerci tapering only on basal half............. 1. sphenarioides (p. 400). b?. Tegmina present in female only; furcula of male not more than half as long as the last dorsal segment; anal cerci tapering almost uniformly through- Diliigs SESS ISAS e OS SOR CAO E Bree SOE See ae aan 2. rufovittata (p. 401). A’*. Tegmina present in neither sex; frontal costa much broader at base than in THLACIS et LOAst I ie Mle J5)) a2. oss Sec secs sce cclucciews cee tcices 3. aptera (p. 402). 400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 1. APTENOPEDES SPHENARIOIDES. (Plate XXVI, fig. 10.) Aptenopedes sphenarioides SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp. 84-85; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 25.—BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.. IIT (1883), p. 55. Body green, the upper surface a little infuscated in the male. Head and whole front tlecked with fuscous or blackish puncta; antennae with the first two joints pale or greenish, beyond growing testaceous, the apical third blackish fuscous. Pronotum uniformly dull rugulose, more obscurely on the lateral lobes than above, and furnished with very scattered, inconspicuous, delicate, short, white hairs found also on the head, and with a white or very pale pink, straight lateral stripe, running from the upper posterior border of the eye to the hinder edge of the pronotum; this stripe is bordered more (male) or less (female) distinctly with black beneath; lower edges of lateral lobes a little pale, especially in the male. Prosternal spine terminating bluntly. Teg- mina reaching the end of the first abdominal segment, white above, black below, in continuation of the lateral stripe. Metapleura more or less distinctly striped with black and white in imitation of the tegmina. Hind femora green exteriorly, more or less infuscated in the female, especially above, the upper carina of the outer face obscurely marked with black, the outer half of the upper face more or less distinctly testaceous in the male; hind tibiae green with a plumbeous tinge, the spines black tipped. Abdomen obscurely punctate on the basal half with small, indistinct, laterodorsal spots of mingled white and blue-black dots on the posterior extremity of the segments, which in the male lie at the outer limit of a broad dorsal testaceous stripe, which is bordered externally with blackish and so obscures the spots; supraanal plate of male slender, elongate, equal as far as the middle, beyond subtriangular, acutangulate at tip, the mar- gins elevated, with a slender, sharp, median sulcus, bordered basally by slight ridges; fureula consisting of a pair of subattingent, parallel, blunt, cylindrical processes, extending but a short distance over the plate; cerci rather small, laminate, tapering rapidly in the basal half, beyond equal and slender, but at tip acuminate by the excision of the upper margin, the whole feebly incurved; infracereal plates large, broad apically, extending slightly beyond the supraanal plate and very broadly rounded at tip. Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 25 mm.; antennae, male and female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11.25 mm. Three males, 5 females. Fort Reed, Orange County, Florida, April 8-28, J. H. Comstock; Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida, April, C. J. Maynard; The same, August, W. H. Ashmead (U.S.N.M.); Key West, Florida, C. J. Maynard: Biscayne Bay, Dade County, Florida, EK. Palmer. No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 401 2. APTENOPEDES RUFOVITTATA. (Plate XXVI, fig. 11.) Aptenopedes rufovittata SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XTX (1877), pp. 85- 86; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 26.—BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 55. Body green, more or less infuscated above. Face minutely and rather sparsely dotted with blackish fuscous, the mouth-parts and the lower part of the face often decidedly pink; antennae with the first two joints green, beyond either dull green more or less infuscated (male) or with the basal half reddish or pinkish brown and the apical half olivaceo- fuscous (female); eyes as in A, sphenarioides. Pronotum rugulose, much more heavily in the male than in the female, and the dorsum of the other thoracic joints and the basal abdominal joints similarly marked; pronotum with a distinct (female) or inconspicuous (male) median carina, obscurely infuscated in the male, generally marked dis- tinetly but narrowly with testaceous in the female, the surface of the whole pronotum with a few scattered hairs, even more sparsely dis- tributed than in A. sphenarioides; upper limit of the lateral lobes marked by a slender black stripe, followed above by a somewhat broader rufous band, fading to yellowish, and narrowed in the female; this stripe does not extend upon the head. Tegmina wanting in the male, very slender, linear, straight and green in the female. Legs green, the hind femora tipped, at least in the male, with rufo-testaceous and black; hind tibiae glaucous; hind tarsi red, with black-edged arolium and black-tipped red claws. Abdomen, in the female, with an obscure testaceous mediodorsal stripe, extending upon the thorax, and, on the abdomen, followed by an obscure laterodorsal series of small dark spots; or, in the male, with a similar distinct stripe, bordered by a more or less distinct narrow or broad edging of black, fading laterally into fuscous; supraanal plate of male moderately long and slender, tapering from the base, at first gently, near tip rapidly, the apex slightly obtus- angulate, the margins elevated, a median sulcus extending over the basal half, bounded by pronounced but rounded ridges which unite in the middle of the plate and then continue halfway to the tip; furcula consisting of a pair of short, cylindrical lobes diverging at right angles, projecting but little over the supraanal plate; cerci regularly conical except that they are feebly compressed, acuminate, straight, reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; infracercal plates broad, sulcate, broadly rounded apically, but acutely subacuminate at the middle line, extend- ing just beyond the supraanal plate. Length of body, male, 15.5 mm., female, 20.5 mm.; antennae, male, 6.5 mm., female, 5.4mm.; tegmina, female, 1.85 mm.; hind femora, male, 8.5 mm., female, 10 mm. Two males, 1 female. Fort Reed, Orange County, Florida, April 10- 21, J. H. Comstock. Proc. N. M. vol. xx——26 402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 3. APTENOPEDES APTERA. (Plate XXVI, fig. 12.) Aptenopedes aptera SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. (1877), p. 86; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 27.—Bruner, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., III (1883), p. 55. Body green; head green; eyes narrower, at least in the female, than in A. sphenarioides, more closely approximated above, and the fas- tigium in advance of them less swollen. Thorax with sculpturing simni- lar to that in A. sphenarioides, but wholly devoid of any lateral stripe or with feeblest signs of the same in the female; in the male, however, there is a faint pallid stripe, edged feebly, narrowly, and interruptedly beneath with very dark green. Tegmina wholly wanting in both sexes. Legs as in the other species, except in wanting the testaceous color on the outer half of the upper face of the hind femora. Abdomen green, with a mediodorsal testaceous stripe with obscurely infuscated edges, extending also over the meso- and metanota; supraanal plate of male subtriangular, with slightly convex sides, the apex acutely angulate, the surface tolerably flat except that the lateral margins are elevated on the basal half, the extreme tip is suddenly raised to a higher level, and the median basal sulcus, which reaches to the middle of the plate, is flanked by heavy parallel walls which unite beyond its tip and extend nearly to the apex of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of minute, rounded, divergent lobes, seated upon the ridges bounding the median sulcus of the supraanal plate; cereci much as in A. rufovittata, but taper- ing a little more rapidly on the basal than on the apical half; infracereal plates very broad, concave, tapering, entending beyond the supraanal plate by their slightly thickened, bluntly pointed, slightly separated apices. Length of body, male, 19.5 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 8 inm., female, 6.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 11.25 mm., female, 10.5 mm. One male, 3 females. Fort Reed, Orange County, Florida, April 27, J. H. Comstock; Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida, August, W. H. Ashmead (U.S.N.M.); Texas (U.S.N.M.). 1. LIST OF HERETOFORE-DESCRIBED SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN MELANOPLI, APPENDIX. IN THEIR ORIGINAL AND PRESENT NOMENCLATURE, ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED BY SPECIES UNDER THE FORMER. 1877. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1877. 1870. 1879. 1879. 1879. 1875. 1877. 1876. 1861. 1870. 1825. 1878. 1861. 1868. 1854. 1879. 1874. 1291. 1878. 1877. 1878. 1878. 1861. 1879. 1875. 1875. 1878. 1875. 1865. 1879. 1871. 1879. 1861. 1876. 1788. 1870. 1870. 1875. 1791. 1838. 1773. 1879. 1879. 1879. Pezotettix abditum Dodge = Melanoplus dawsoni. Pezotettix acutipennis Scudder = Campylacantha acutipennis. Pezotettix alba Dodge = Hypochlora alba. Caloptenus angustipennis Dodge = Melanoplus angustipennis. Aptenopedes aptera Scudder = Aptenopedes aptera. Caloptenus arcticus Walker= ? Melanoplus borealis. Pezotettix aridus Scudder = Melanoplus aridus. Melanoplus arizonae Scudder — Melanoplus arizonae. Pezotettix aspirans Scudder — Podisma dodgei. Caloptenus atlanis Riley = Melanoplus atlanis. Paroxya atlantica Scudder = Paroxya atlantica. Pezotettix autumnalis Dodge = Phoetaliotes nebrascensis. Platyphyma aztecum Saussure = Aidemona azteca. Caloptenus bilituratus Walker = Melanoplus bilituratus. Gryllus bivittatus Say = Melanoplus bivittatus. Pezotettix bohemani Stal— Podisma dodgei. Acridium (Podisma) borckii Stal — Melanoplus borckii. Pezotettix borealis Scudder = Melanophis fasciatus. Caloptenus borealis Fieber = Melanoplus borealis. Melanoplus bowditchi Scudder—= Melanoplus bowditchi. Ommatolampis brevipennis Thomas — Hesperotettix brevipennis. Melanoplus cenchri McNeill = Melanoplus flavidus. Melanoplus cinereus Scudder = Melanoplus cinereus. Caloptenus clypeatus Scudder = Melanoplus clypeatus. Melanoplus collaris Scudder = Oedaleonotus enigma. Melanoplus collinus Scudder = Melanoplus collinus. Peopedetes corallinus Saussure. Undetermined; perhaps not belonging to this group. Melanoplus curtus Scudder = Melanoplus fasciatus. Pezotettix dawsoni Scudder = Melanoplus dawsoni. Caloptenus deletor Scudder = Melanoplus deletor. Melanoplus devastator Scudder = Melanoplus devastator. Caloptenus devorator Scudder = Melanoplus femur rubrum. Acridium differentiale Uhler=- Melanoplus differentialis. Pezotettix discolor Scudder = Melanophis discolor. Caloptenus dodgei Thomas — Podisma dod gei. Pezotettix dumicolus Scudder — Melanoplus dumicola. Pezotettix edax Saussure = Melanoplus femoratus. Pezotettix enigma Scudder = Oedaleonotus enigma. Gryllus (Locusta) erythropus Gmelin = Melanoplus femur rubrum. Caloptenus extremus Walker = Melanoplus extremus. Caloptenus fasciatus Walker — Melanoplus fasciatus. Caloptenus fasciatus Scudder = Melanoplus packardii. Acridium femorale Olivier = Melanoplus femur rubrum. Caloptenus femoratus Burmeister = Melanoplus femoratus. Acridium femur rubrum De Geer— Melanoplus femur rubrum. Pezotettix flabellatus Scudder — Melanoplus flabellatus. Melanoplus flabellifer Seudder = Melanoplus flabellifer. Melanoplus flavidus Scudder = Melanoplus flavidus. [1877. Pezotettix flavoannulatus La Munyon— Dactylotum pictum. | 1874. 1841. 1874, Caleoptenus [sic] flavolineatus Thomas. Undetermined. Acridium flavovittatum Harris = Melanoplus bivittatus. Caloptenus tloridianus Thomas = Paroxya floridana. 403 404 1879. 1872. 1862. 1875. 1876. 1872. 1875. 1893. 1885. 1892. 1875. 1879. 1879. 1876. 1876. 1874. 1878. 1879. 1837. 1861. 1891. 1876. 1868. 1876. 1875. 1879. 1872. 1861. 1861. 1870. 1838. 1875. 1876. 1873. 1885. 1872. 1877. 1875. 1879. 1872. 1894. 1872. 1876. 1875. 1881. 1875. 1881. 1878. 1876. Melanoplus foedus Seudder = Melanoplus foedus. Acridium frontalis Thomas — Hesperotettix speciosus. Pezotettix glacialis Scudder — Podisma glacialis. Caloptenus glaucipes Scudder = Melanoplus glaucipes. Pezotettix gracilis Bruner—= Melanoplus gracilis. Caloptenus griseus Thomas— Melanoplus punctulatus. Caloptenus helluo Scudder = Melanoplus punctulatus. Melanoplus herbaceus Bruner—= Melanoplus herbaceus. Pezotettix hispidus Bruner= Bradynotes hispida. Pezotettix hoosieri Blatchley = Paroxya hoosieri. Pezotettix humphreysii Thomas — Melanoplus humphreysii. Melanoplus infantilis Scudder = Melanoplus infantilis. Melanoplus interior Scudder = Melanoplus femur rubrum. Pezotettix jucundus Scudder = Oedaleonotus enigma. Pezotettix junius Dodge — Melanoplus extremus. Caloptenus keeleri Thomas = Melanoplus keeleri. Melanoplus kennicottii Scudder = Melanoplus kennicottii. Pezotettix lakinus Scudder = Melanoplus lakinus. Locusta leucostoma Kirby = ? Melanoplus extremus. Pezotettix longicornis Saussure = ? Melanoplus obovatipennis. Dendrotettix longipennis Riley MS. Bruner -= Dendrotettix quercus. Caloptenus lurida Dodge = Melanoplus luridus. Pezotettix manca Smith = Melanoplus mancus. Pezotettix marginatus Scudder = Melanoplus marginatus. Pezotettix marshallii Thomas — Podisma marshallii. Pezotettix marshallii Scudder = Melanoplus aititudinum. Pezotettix megacephala Thomas MS. Dodge = Phoetaliotes nebrascensis. Pezotettix mexicana Saussure. Undetermined. Platyphyma mexicanum Bruner = Paradichroplus mexicanus. Caloptenus mexicanus Walker = Paradichroplus mexicanus. Acridium milberti Serville = Melanoplus femoratus. Caloptenus minor Seudder = Melanoplus minor. Pezotettix minutipennis Thomas = Melanoplus gracilis. Platyphyma montana Thomas = Melanoplus montanus. Bradynotes montanus Bruner = Asemoplus montanus. Pezotettix nebrascensis Thomas — Phoetaliotes nebrascensis. Jaloptenus nigrescens Scudder — Melanoplus nigrescens. Pezotettix nigrovittatus Stal— Philocleon nigrovittatus. Pezotettix nudus Scudder — Paraidemona punctata. Pezotettix obesa Thomas — Bradynotes obesa. Pezotettix obovatipennis Blatchley = Melanoplus obovatipennis. Caloptenus occidentalis Thomas = Melanoplus occidentalis. Pezotettix occidentalis Bruner = Melanoplus blatchleyi. Pezotettixsolivacea Scudder = Campylacantha olivacea. Bradynotes opimus Scudder= Bradynotes obesa. Pezotettix oregonensis Thomas — Podisma oregonensis. Pezotettix pacificus Scudder = Melanoplus pacificus. Melanoplus packardii Scudder = Melanoplus packardii. Caloptenus parvus Provancher— Melanoplus extremus. [1870. Pezotettix picta Thomas = Dactylotum pictum. ] 1877. 1878. 1876. 1878, 1877. 1875. 1877. 1878. 1862. 1879. 1888. 1877. 1878. 1876. 1870. 1875. 1877. Caloptenus (Hesperotettix) picticornis Thomas — Poecilotettix picticornis. Pezotettix pilosus Stal Rhabdotettix pilosus. Pezotettix plagosus Scudder — Aeoloplus plagosus. Pezotettix plebejus Stal— Melanoplus plebejus. Caloptenus plumbum Dodge = Melanoplus plumbeus. Caloptenus ponderosus Scudder — Melanoplus robustus. Pezotettix puer Scudder—= Melanoplus puer. Pezotettix punctatus Stal — Paraidemona punctata. Caloptenus punctulatus Uhler MS. Scudder= Melanoplus punctulatus. Pezotettix pupaeformis Scudder = Melanoplus plebejus. Dendrotettix quercus Riley = Dendrotettix quercus. Paroxya recta Scudder — Paroxya floridana. Melanoplus rectus Scudder— Melanoplus fasciatus. Caloptenus regalis Dodge — Aeoloplus regalis. Caloptenus repletus Walker. Probably indeterminable. Caloptenus robustus Scudder= Melanoplus robustus. Pezotettix rotundipennis Scudder = Melanoplus rotundipennis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ee ee ee ee ee ———_ No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 405 1877. Aptenopedes rufovittata Scudder = Aptenopedes rufovittata. 1878. Pezotettix rusticus Stal = Melanoplus rusticus. 1877. Caloptenus sanguinocephalus La Munyon = Phoetaliotes nebrascensis. 1877. Caloptenus sanguinolentus Provancher = Melanoplus femur rubrum. 1870. Caloptenus scriptus Walker. Determinable only by comparison with types in the British Museum. 1864. Pezotettix seudderi Uhler = Melanoplus seudderi. 1870. Caloptenus selectus Walker. Determinable only by study of types in the British Museum, 1861. Pezotettix septentrionalis Saussure = Melanoplus borealis. 1872. Pezotettix speciosa Scudder— Hesperotettix speciosus. 1877. Aptenopedes sphenarioides Scudder = Aptenopedes sphenarioides. 1865. Acridium spretis Uhler MS. Thomas = Melanoplus spretus. 1876. Pezotettix stupefactus Scudder — Podisma stupefacta. 1861. Pezotettix sumichrasti Saussure — ? Melanoplus bivittatus. 1876. Pezotettix tellustris Scudder = Melanoplus dawsoni. 1879. Melanoplus tenebrosus Scudder = Melanoplus keeleri. 1879. Pezotettix texanus Scudder = Melanoplus texanus. 1872. Caloptenus turnbulli Thomas — Aeoloplus turnbulli. 1873. Pezotettix unicolor Thomas — Melanoplus scudderi. 1878. Pezotettix varicolor Stal = Paradichroplus varicolor. [1879. Pezotettix variegatus Scudder = Dactylotum variegatum. | 1879. Melanoplus variolosus Scudder = Melanoplus occidentalis. 1876. Pezotettix viola Thomas = Melanoplus viola. 1861. Pedies virescens Saussure. Undetermined; perhaps not belonging to this group. 1872. Caloptenus viridis Thomas = Hesperotettix viridis. 1876. Pezotettix vivax Scudder = Campylacantha vivax. 1877. Caloptenus volucris Dodge = Phoetaliotes nebrascensis. 1885. Pezotettix washingtonianus Bruner = Melanoplus washingtonianus. 1875. Caloptenus yarrowii Thomas = Melanoplus yarrowii. 1861. Pezotettix zimmermanni Saussure = ? Melanoplus nigrescens. 2. UNDETERMINED FORMS. 1. Poepedetes corallinus Saussure, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861, p.158. Mexico temperata. It is doubtful if this Mexican species, unknown to me, belongs in the Melanopli; it seems to be more nearly allied to Dactylotum. 2. Pezotettix fawriei Bolivar, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., XIX (1890), pp. 322-324. This species from Yesso, Japan, seems to be a Podisma, but it is described from the female alone, so that I can not place it more closely. 3. Caleoptenus (sic!) favolineatus Thomas, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., I, Ist series, No. 2 (1874), p. 68. I am unable to determine this southern California species, and am toterably confident I have not seen it; for in this case there is apparently sufficient in the description to fix the species when specimens are obtained. It has been thought by some to be Oedaleonotus enigma collaris, but that is scarcely possible. 4. Pezotettix mexicana Saussure, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861, p. 160. Mexico temperata. From the descrip- tion it is impossible to determine which of the many Mexican species this may be, but I suspect it may prove to be Melanoplus atlanis. 5. Pezotettix mikado Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., XIX (1890), p.323. Yesso,Japan. Likethe other species of Bolivar, No. 2, this is described from the female only, and I can not place it. It is pre- sumably a Podisma. 6. Caloptenus repletus Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870). pp. 678-679. I had thought this species to be probably Melanoplus bilituratus, but there was little in Walker’s description whereon to base an opinion. Mr. Samuel Henshaw, however, kindly compared bilituratus with the specimens placed under repletus in the British Museum and found them distinct. Walker credited it to ‘U. States’ and ‘t Vancouver’s Island,’ one specimen each, but Mr. Henshaw found no specimens from Vancouver, but two males and a female from ‘‘ North America,’’ one specimen being further labeled “Tlinois.””. The two males were ditferent species, one being Melanoplus femoratus, the other (Illinois) distinct, but allied to it by the cerci, though with short tegmina (probably Melanoplus viola). It was further doubtful whether the female belonged with either of the males. Certainly, then, we shall be obliged to consign Walker’s species to merited oblivion. Probably no one of these specimens is one of the original types. 7. Calliptamus sanguineipes Serville, Rev. Méth. Orth. (1831), pp. 93-94 [Aerydiwm sanguineipes Olivier, Encycl. Méth., VI (1791), p.231]. Surinam. Itis very doubtful if this belongs in the Melan- opli. If De Geer’s Acridium aeneo-oculatum is the same! his figure would lead us to presume it did not. I have not seen the species. 1See Serv., Orth., p. 670. 406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 8. Caloptenus scriptus Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), pp. 680-681. The only form to which I was inclined to refer this was that described here as Melanoplus bilituratus, but from Mr. Hen- shaw’s examination of the types (see that species, p. 176) it can not be that, and I therefore find it at present indeterminable. I have specimens from Vancouver, the origin of Walker's species, which may possibly be referred to scriptus, since they differ from Melanoplus bilituratus in the points specified by Mr. Henshaw, but as I possess only females I do not feel satisfied of their specific validity. 9. Caloptenus selectus Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 682. Walker's types (from Oajaca, Mexico) were examined at my request by Mr. Henshaw to see whether they belong in the group Melanopli at all, and he states that they do. It is quite impossible by Walker’s description even to guess to what genus it belongs, much less to determine the species without a direct compari- son with the types. I know of no species with a broad, interrupted, piceous stripe along the costa of the tegmina. 10. Pedies virescens Saussure, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861, pp. 157-158. Mexico. I have not been able to determine this species among my material, and question very much whether it belongs in the Melan- opli. Iam more inclined to think it allied to Dactylotum. ‘ 11. Podisma viridis Blanchard, Gay, Faun. Chil., Zool., VI (1851), pp. 75, 76. Chile. This is not one of the Melanopli, but belongs to Antandrus Stal. Several other species have not been definitely determined, but have been placed in the synonymy of the described species with a mark of doubt. Such are Caloptenus arcticus Walker, Locusta leucostoma Kirby, Pezotettix longicornis Saussure, P. sumichrasti Saussure, and P. zimmermanni Saussure, for which see the last preceding list (Appendix 1). 3. LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN MELANOPLI.! 1. Atrachelacris unicolor Giglio Tos, Boll, Mus. Tor., IX, Ort. Viagg. Borelli, 1894, p. 21. Argentine Republic, Paraguay. 2. Dichroplus amoenus [Pezotettix amoenus Stal, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p.8.] (Locality ?) 3. Dichroplus arrogans [Acridium (Podisma) arrogans Stal, Eug. Resa, Orth., 1860, p. 333; Pezotettia (Dichroplus) arrogans Stal, Rec. Orth., I (1873), p. 78; Pezotettiz arrogans Stal, Obs. Orthopt., IIT, (1878), p. 6; Acridiwm strobelii Brunner (MS.?)]. Argentine Republic, Uruguay. 4. Dichroplus bergii (Pezotettix bergii Stal, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), pp. 6, 7; Acridium crassipes Brunner (MS.?)]. Argentine Republic, Paraguay, Brazil. 5. Dichroplus bicolor Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, pp. 21-22. Argentine Republic, Paraguay. 6. Dichroplus cliens [Acridium (Podisma) cliens Stal, Eug. Resa, Orth., 1860, p. 335; Pezotettix (Dichroplus) cliens Stal, Rec. Orth., I (1873), p.78; Pezotettia cliens Stal, Obs. Orthopt., III (1878), p. 6]. Uruguay. 7. Dichroplus Atuiquondus Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, pp. 22-23. Paraguay. 8. Dichroplus elongatus Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, pp. 23-24. Argentine Republic, Paraguay. 9. Dichroplus exilis Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, p. 23; Argentine Republic, Paraguay. 10. Dichroplus fuscus [Gryllus fuscus Thunberg, Men Acad. St. Petersb., V (1815), p. 235; Pezotettix (Trigonophymus) fuscus Stal, Rec. Orth., I (1873), p.78]. Argentine Republic, Nova Cambria. 11. Dichroplus lemniscatus [Acridium (Podisma) lemniscatum Stal, Eug. Resa, Orth., 1860, p. 334; Pezotettix (Dichroplus) lemniscatus Stal, Ree. Orth., I (1873), p. 78; Pezotettix lemniscatus Stal, Obs. Orthopt., III (1878), p.6]. Argentine Republic, Brazil. 12. Dichroplus patruelis [Acridiwm (Podisma) patruele Stal, Eug. Resa, Orth., 1860, p. 334; Sa (Dichroplus) patruelis Stal, Ree. Orth., I (1873), p. 78; Pezotettix patruelis Stal, Obs. Orth., III (1878 p.6;? Acridium vittigerum Blanchard, Gay, Faun. Chil., Zool., VI (1851), pp. 73-74 (not Aerid. Sie Blanchard, Voy. pole sud., Zool., IV (1853), pp. 871-872, pl. 11, fig.9)]. Argentine Republic, Paraguay, Uruguay. If Blanchard’s Chilian vittigerum belongs here it must take precedence. 13. Dichroplus peruvianus | Pezotettix peruvianus Stal, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), pp.7-8]. Peru. 14. Dichroplus punctulatus [Gryllus punctulatus Thunberg, Mém. Acad. St. Petersb., IX (1824), p. 408; Pezotettia punctulatus Stal, Obs. Orth., II1 (1878), p. 6; Acridiwm (Podisma) fraternum Stal, Eug. Resa, Orth., 1860, p. 333]. Argentine Republic, Uruguay, Brazil, New Grenada, Colombia. 15. Dichroplus robustulus { Pezotettix robustulus Stal, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p.7]. Southern Brazil. 16. Paradichroplus aberrans Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, p.28. Paraguay. 17. Paradichroplus bipunctatus Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, pp. 26-27. Paraguay. 18. Paradichroplus borellit Giglio Tos. loc. cit., 1894, pp. 27-28. Paraguay. 19. Paradichroplus brunneri Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, pp. 25-26. Argentine Republic, Paraguay. 20. Pezotettix antisanae Bolivar, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., X, Notes Ent. (1881), pp. 36-37. Antisana, Ecuador. 21. Scopas obesus Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, p.29. Paraguay. 22. Scotussa impudica Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, p. 25. Uruguay. 1 Not including those mentioned in the body of this memoir. NO. 1124, REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. A407 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. With the exception of a few figures specially noted below, all the drawings for these plates were made by Mr. J. Henry Blake, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the expense met by a special grant for the purpose from the ELIZABETH THOMPSON ScrIENCE FUND, which is here gratefully acknowledged. Unless otherwise stated (under the names of individuals or institutions placed in parentheses), all the drawings of American species were made from specimens in my own collection. Plate I illustrates the venation of the tegmina in a few species, and the figures are here magnified five diameters. The remaining plates show the abdom- inal appendages of the males of all but two or three of the species, and these are magnified four diameters. PLATE I. Fic. a. Melanoplus dawsoni completus, male. Clifford, North Dakota (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus gladstoni, male. Medicine Hat, Assiniboia. . Melanoplus fasciatus volaticus, male. Charlevoix, Michigan (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus borealis, male. Labrador coast, latitude 59°. . Phoetaliotes nebrascensis volucris, male. Dallas, Texas. . Melanoplus extremus scandens, male. Mount Washington, New Hampshire. . Melanoplus extremus junius, male. Jackson, New Hampshire. . Melanoplus femur rubrum, male. Adirondacks, New York. . Melanoplus marginatus amplus, male. California (U.S.N.M.). . Melanoplus paroxyoides, male. Key West, Florida. [AQ %e2 Qo o = s. PEATE: IT, Fic. 1. Gymnoscirtetes pusillus. Jacksonville, Florida (lL. Bruner). From a type specimen. . Netrosoma fusiformis. Montelovez, Mexico. . Netrosoma nigropleura. Lerdo, Mexico (L. Bruner). From a type specimen. . Paradichroplus mexicanus. Orizaba, Mexico. From Walker’s type of Calo- ptenus mexicanus, the drawings obtained at the British Museum by Mr. S. Henshaw; magnification unknown: the specimen is a nymph. . Paradichroplus mexicanus. Orizaba, Mexico. . Paradichroplus varicolor. Columbia. . Phaedrotettix angustipennis. Mount Alvarez, Mexico. . Conalcaea miguelitana. Sierra de San Miguelito, Mexico. . Conaleaea neomexicana. Silver City, New Mexico (L. Bruner). . Barytettix crassus. Lower California (L. Bruner). . Phaulotettix compressus. Montelovez, Mexico. Hm C bo ~1 oS Ot EH = OO © IMwWAGiH JOO Fig. 1. Cephalotettix parvulus. Otoyac, Mexico (L. Bruner). From a type specimen. . Rhabdotettix concinnus. Waco, Texas (Mus. Comp. Zool.). . Rhabdotettix palmeri. Montelovez, Mexico. Cyclocercus bistrigata. Venis Mecas, Mexico. Cyclocercus accola. Goliad, Texas. Cyclocercus valga. Sierra Nola, Mexico. . Sinaloa behrensii. Sinaloa, Mexico. . Paraidemona punctata. Texas. . Paraidemona punctata. Texas. From a type of Pezotettic nudus. 10. Paraidemona mimica. Uvalde, Texas. ieawiGun AY 1S OF me OD bo © oc Fic. 1. Aidemona azteca. San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 2. Hypochlora alba. Colorado. 3. Campylacantha acutipennis. Dallas, Texas. Fig. Fic. FIG. bo “1 D> oe W cS CC PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. . Campylacantha olivacea, Texas. . Campylacantha similis, Lerdo, Mexico (L. Bruner). . Campylacantha vivax, Northern New Mexico. From the type specimen. . Lotettix signatus, Fast Florida (J. McNeill). From the type specimen. . Hesperotettix viridis. Lakin, Kansas. . Hesperotettix meridionalis. Guanajuato, Mexico. (U.S.N.M.) . Hesperotettia festivus. Salt Lake Valley, Utah. IPVATH Ve . Hesperotettiz pacificus. Los Angeles, California (L. Bruner). From a type specimen. . Hesperotettix brevipennis. Wellesley, Massachusetts. . Hesperotettix pratensis. Dallas, Texas. . Hesperotettix speciosus. Nebraska. . Acoloplus tenuipennis. Fort Grant, Arizona (U.S.N.M.). Aeoloplis elegans. Las Cruces, New Mexico (U.S.N.M.). . Aeoloplus regalis. Lakin, Kansas. . Aeoloplus californicus. California (S. Henshaw). . Aeoloplus chenopodii. Grand Junction, Colorado. From atype specimen. . Aeoloplus turnbulli. Newcastle, Wyoming (L. Bruner). PLATE VI. . Aeoloplus plagosus. Northern New Mexico. From the type specimen. . Aeoloplus uniformis. Fort Whipple, Arizona. . Aeoloplus arizonensis. Fort Whipple, Arizona. . Aeoloplus oculatus. Mohave, New Mexico (L. Bruner). . Bradynotes hispida. Colville Valley, Washington (L. Bruner). From a type specimen. . Bradynotes caurus. Yakima River, Washington (U.S.N.M.). . Bradynotes expleta, Easton, Washington (U.S.N.M.). . Bradynotes pinguis. Washington (?) (S. Henshaw). . Bradynotes obesa. Helena, Montana, 10. Bradynotes referta. Soldier, Idaho (L. Bruner). Prare ive: . Bradynotes satur. Placer County, California (U.S.N.M.). . Dendrotettix quercus. Travis County, Texas (U.S.N.M.). . Podisma glacialis. Mount Washington, New Hampshire. . Podisma variegata. Ithaca, New York. . Podisma nubicola. Mount Lincoln, Colorado. . Podisma stupefacta. New Mexico. . Podisma dodgei. Pikes Peak, Colorado. . Podisma ascensor, American Fork Canyon, Utah. . Podisma marshallii. Mount Lincoln, Colorado. . Podisma oregonensis. Henry Lake, Idaho (L. Bruner). PLATE VIII. Podisma pedemontana. Europe. Drawn by J. Redtenbacher. . Podisma cobellii. Europe. . Podisma parnassica. Mount Parnassus, Greece. From a type specimen. . Podisma pyrenaea. Pic du Midi, France. . Podisma salamandra. Europe. . Podisma baldensis. Europe. . Podisma dairisama. Japan (U.S.N.M.). . Podisma fieberi. Europe. . Podisma schmidtii. Iurope. . Podisma pedestris. Vienna, Austria. No. 1124. Fic. Fig. Fia. Fia. mw the or ono Om & tS e So 6 bo oe SoS OND Oe & i OR Ob REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER, A409 Pyar LX. . Podisma alpina alpina. Villars, Vaud, Switzerland. . Podisma frigida. Lapland. . Podisma (Eupodisma) primnoa. Verschneydinsk, Siberia. . Paratylotropidia brunneri. Dakota (L. Bruner). The specimen is’ partly damaged. . Paratylotropidia brunneri. Texas. From a pen-and-ink sketch by Hofrath Brunner von Wattenwyl. Natural size. PVA Xe . Melanoplus marculentus. Sierra de San Miguelito, Mexico. . Melanoplus lakinus. Colorado. Erom a type specimen. . Melanoplus sonorae. Sonora, Mexico. . Melanoplus occidentalis. Lakin, Kansas. . Melanoplus cuneatus. Silver City, New Mexico. (U.S.N.M.) . Melanoplus flubellifer. South Park, Colorado. From the type specimen. . Melanoplus discolor. Texas. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus simplex. Colorado. . Melanoplus rileyanus. Los Angeles, California. (U.S.N.M.) . Melanoplus herbaceus. El Paso, Texas (L. Bruner). From a type specimen. BGATH NL. . Melanoplus flavescens. San Diego, California. (U.S.N.M.) . Melanoplus pictus. Bradshaw Mountain, Arizona (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus bowditchi. Pueblo, Colorado. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus flavidus. Morrison, Colorado. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus elongatus. Bledos, Mexico. . Melanoplus glaucipes. Dallas, Texas. . Melanoplus bruneri. Fort McLeod, Alberta (L. Bruner), . Melanoplus kennicottii. Yukon River, Alaska. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus excelsus. Mount Lincoln, Colorado. . Melanoplus utahensis. Salt Lake Valley, Utah. (U.S.N.M.) From the type specimen. The central figure shows the tip of the supraanal plate from behind. EAE ell . Melanoplus alaskanus. Alaska (U.S.N.M.). . Melanoplus affinis. Salt Lake Valley, Utah (L. Bruner). From a type speci- men. . Melanoplus intermedius. White River, Colorado. . Melanoplus intermedius. Yellowstone (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus bilituratus. Vancouver Island, British Columbia (U.S.N.M.). . Melanoplus defectus. Colorado (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus atlanis. Salt Lake Valley, Utah. . Melanoplus spretus. Salt Lake Valley, Utah. . Melanoplus diminutus. Monterey, California. . Melanoplus consanguineus. Sonora County, California (U.S.N.M.). PACT) excl. . Melanoplus sierranus. Truckee, California. . Melanoplus ater. San Francisco, California (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus devastator obscurus. California (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus devastator obscurus. Sissons, California. . Melanoplus devastator typicalis. Tighes Station, San Diego County, Cali- fornia. 419 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. . Melanoplus devastator afinis. California (S. Henshaw). . Melanoplus devastator conspicuus. Sacramento, California (U.S.N.M.). . Melanoplus virgatus. Sacramento, California (U.S.N.M.). 9, Melanoplus uniformis. Sacramento County, California (U.S.N.M.). 10. Melanoplus angelicus. Los Angeles, California (U.S.N.M.). wm-1 & PVA H) exclave Fic. 1. Melanoplus impudicus. Georgia. 2. Melanoplus nitidus. Tepic, Mexico (L. Bruner). 3. Melanoplus aridus. Arizona (L. Bruner). 4. Melanoplus indigens. Salmon City, Idaho (L. Bruner). 5. Melanoplus scudderi. Lexington, Kentucky. 6. Melanoplus scudderi. Dallas, Texas. 7. Melanoplus gillettei. Rabbit’s Ear Pass, Colorado (C. P. Gillette). 8. Melanoplus artemisiae. Salmon City, Idaho. From a type specimen. 9, Melanoplus mancus. Speckled Mountain, Maine. 10. Melanoplus cancri. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. PEATE XV Fic. 1. Melanoplus reflecus. Valle del Maiz, Mexico. 2. Melanoplus meridionalis. Mount Alvarez, Mexico. 3. Melanoplus militaris. Soldier, Idaho (L. Bruner). 4, Melanoplus nigrescens. Georgia. From the type specimen. 5. Melanoplus dawsoni tellustris. Jefferson County, lowa. 6. Melanoplus gladstoni. Medicine Hat, Assiniboia. From a type specimen. 7. Melanoplus palmeri. Fort Whipple, Arizona, &. Melanoplus montanus. Montana (L. Bruner). 9, Melanoplus washingtonianus. Colville Valley, Washington (Mus. Comp. Zool.), From a type specimen. 10. Melanoplus walshii. Michigan. PARE exNeVile Fig. 1. Melanoplus altitudinum. Sheridan, Wyoming. 2. Melanoplus gracilipes. San Diego, California. 3. Melanoplus geniculatus. Mexico. 4, Melanoplus rusticus. Texas. From the type specimen, the drawing fur- nished by Doctor Aurivillius. (Mus. Stockh.) 5. Melanoplus pacificus. Sissons, California. From the type specimen. 6. Melanoplus borckii. Marin County, California. 7. Melanoplus tenuipennis. Los Angeles, California (lL. Bruner). 8. Melanoplus missionum. Los Angeles County, California (U.S.N.M.). 9, Melanoplus fuscipes. San Luis Obispo, California. 10. Melanoplus scitulus. Mount Alvarez, Mexico. PLATE XVII. Fig. 1. Melanoplus flabellatus. Dallas, Texas. From a type specimen. 2. Melanoplus puer. Fort Reed, Florida. From a type specimen. 3. Melanoplus inornatus. Mexico (?). From a type specimen. 4. Melanoplus viridipes. Moline, Illinois. 5, Melanoplus decorus. Dingo Bluff, North Carolina. 6. Melanoplus attenuatus. Smithville, North Carolina. 7. Melanoplus amplectens. Bee Spring, Kentucky (Mus. Comp. Zool.). 8. Melanoplus saltator. Portland, Oregon. 9. Melanoplus rotundipennis. Florida. From the type specimen. 10. Melanoplus obovatipennis. Indiana. SS No. 1124. Fic. ST et OMAR Oe SMO MAD = Fig. NO Re SO CO 1 Om — REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. All PLATE XVIII. . Melanoplus juvencus. Fort Reed, Florida. . Melanoplus fasciatus curtus. Salmonier, Newfoundland. . Melanoplus fasciatus curtus. Colorado. . Melanoplus fasciatus volaticus. Charlevoix, Michigan (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus borealis. Labrador, latitude 59°. Melanoplus alleni. Crawford County, Iowa. . Melanoplus snowti. Magdalena, New Mexico (Univ. Kans.). . Melanoplus plumbeus. Colorado. . Melanoplus propinquus. Fort Reed, Florida. . Melanoplus extremus junius. Jackson, New Hampshire. PLATE XIX. . Melanoplus femur rubrum. Williamstown, Massachusetts. . Melanoplus femur rubrum. Dallas, Texas: From a type of Caloptenus devo- rator. . Melanoplus femur rubrum. Salt Lake Valley, Utah. From a type of Melan- oplus interior. . Melanoplus femur rubrum. Sissons, California. . Melanoplus monticola. Sierra Blanca, Colorado. . Melanoplus bispinosus. San Antonio, Texas (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus terminalis. Gulf Coast of Texas. . Melanoplus cyanipes. Pasadena, California. . Melanoplus cinereus. Wallawalla, Washington. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus complanatipes. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. IP PARE) XOX. . Melanoplus canonicus. Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus comptus. Sidney, Nebraska (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus coccineipes. Sand Hills, Nebraska. . Melanoplus coccineipes. Barber County, Kansas (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus coccineipes. Colorado. Melanoplus angustipennis. Fort Robinson, Nebraska (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus impiger. Barber County, Kansas (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus impiger. Dallas, Texas. . Melanoplus foedus. Pueblo, Colorado. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus corpulentus. Sierra de San Miguelito, Mexico. 2A OXON . Melanoplus packardii. Dallas, Texas. (Specimen with blue hind tibiae. ) . Melanoplus packardii. West Point, Nebraska (L. Bruner). (Specimen with blue hind tibiae.) . Melanoplus packardii. Soda Springs, Idaho (L. Bruner). (Specimen with red hind tibiae. ) . Melanoplus packardii. Poudre River, Colorado (L. Bruner). (Specimen with blue hind tibiae. ) . Melanoplus conspersus. Southwest Nebraska (L. Bruner), . Melanoplus compactus. Dakota (U.S.N.M.). From a type specimen. . Melanoplus dumicola. Texas. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus variabilis. City of Mexico. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus lepidus. Truckee, California. . Melanoplus blatehleyi. (Locality unknown PATE XO . Melanoplus teranus. Texas. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus plebejus. Dallas, Texas. From a type specimen of Pezotettix pupaeformis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Fia. Fic. Fia. Fic. . Melanoplus gracilis. Dallas County, Iowa. . Melanoplus inops. Florida (lL. Bruner). . Melanoplus marginatus. Southern California. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus paroxyoides. Key West, Florida. . Melanoplus alpinus. Henry Lake, Idaho (U.S.N.M.). The central figure represents the posterior view of the subgenital plate. . Melanoplus infantilis. South Park, Colorado. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus minor. Crawford County, Iowa. . Melanoplus confusus. Munson’s Hill [Kentucky ?] (Mus. Comp. Zool.). PTGATE) xOuulr . Melanoplus keeleri. North Carolina. From a type specimen of Melanoplus tenebrosus. . Melanoplus deletor. Georgia. . Melanoplus differentialis. Agua Caliente, California. - 4, Melanoplus differentialis. Pueblo, Colorado. or . Melanoplus robustus. Dallas, Texas. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus collinus. Provincetown, Massachusetts. . Melanoplus luridus. Nebraska. PLATE XXIV. . Melanoplus viola. Illinois. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus clypeatus. Georgia. From a type specimen. . Melanoplus furcatus. Jacksonville, Florida (L. Bruner). . Melanoplus femoratus. Massachusetts. . Melanoplus bivittatus. Dallas, Texas. IES HMI oe OY . Melanoplus thomasi. Lerdo, Mexico (L. Bruner). From a type specimen. . Melanoplus yarrowii. Grand Junction, Colorado (C. P. Gillette). . Melanoplus olivaceus. Los Angeles, California (L. Bruner). From a type specimen. . Melanoplus punctulatus. Ellenville, New York. . Melanoplus arboreus. Dallas, Texas. . Phoetaliotes nebrascensis nebrascensis. Dallas, Texas. . Phoetaliotes nebrascensis volucris. Dallas, Texas. . Paroxya atlantica. Sanford, Florida. . Paroxya hoosieri. Indiana. . Paroxya floridana. Fort Reed, Florida. PLATE Nexo: . Poecilotettix picticornis. Arizona (L. Bruner). . Poecilotettix sanguineus. Bradshaw Mountain, Arizona (L. Bruner.) . Poecilotettix coccinatus. Los Angeles, California (U.S.N.M.). . Oedaleonotus enigma jucundus. Agua Caliente, California. From a type specimen of Pezotettix jucundus. . Oedaleonotus enigma enigma. Santa Barbara, California. From a type speci- men of Pezotellix enigma. . Oedaleonotus enigma collaris. Tipton, California. From a type specimen of Melanoplus collaris. . Asemoplus montanus. Montana. . Philocleon nigrovittatus. Comancho, Mexico (L. Bruner). 9. Philocleon nigrovittatus. Mexico. From a type specimen, the drawing obtained through Doctor Aurivillius. (Mus. Stockh.) . Aptenopedes sphenarioides. Fort Reed, Florida. From a type specimen. . Aptenopedes rufovittata. Fort Reed, Florida. From a type specimen. 2. Aptenopedes aptera. Jacksonville, Florida. (U.S.N.M.) INDEX. Page. abditum (Melanoplus)........-.....------ 227 (CREZOTORIR)| Sec ceersce ce acisccte 227, 403 aberrans (Paradichroplus) .--..-....----- 406 aocglal(C:vClOCcercus)i=<- 0-<\. -appaeeeeaose 81, 85 volucris\ss3:s2sS2e2cenee eee see 378, 405 MOQLOLUD « cie\ani= wow ee m wicinicia= slain =o 81, 88 WALNON Mlen > -sencoedesascess a= 369, 405 Bah Uleeseaa sc acisle oe ccimi- ie eteiese $1789) Campylacanthal-----eaa-->- a= see Seer 4,5, 10, 48 brevipennis (Hesperotettix)....-.--.-..-- 63, 403 | acutipennisys---a= eens e... 50,403 (Ommatolampis).....--...... 63, 403 | olivac®ass..-2--eeete eee 50, 51, 404 bruneri (Melanoplus) .-.---.-....-.....-- 164 | similiss> 6222 ccee coe eens 50, 52 brunneri (Paradichroplus)....-.....-.--.-. 406 VIVaKeee se. = AOS Severe 50, 52, 405 (Paratylotropidia) .............. 118° | cancrii\(Melanoplus))2 22 2-2-5--42552s0 seo 219 caeruleipes (Melanoplus atlanis) ..-...... 179 | canonicus (Melanoplus) ....--.----------- 300 (Melanoplus spretus) ---.---- 185 | caurus (Bradynotes)------.----.----.-.--- 83 Caleoptenus flavolineatus ....-.-....- 393, 403,405 | cenchri (Melanoplus)..---..-..-....------ 158, 403 californicus (Aeoloplus).-..--------------- 73 | Cephalotettixi.. see---ese>=-ce eee eee 4, 10, 30 Calliptamus sanguineipes-.---.-.-----.--- 405 (Vaal ees Goce cansocnaacc]e 31 Caloptenus affiliatus ....--.-..---.....--. 355 chenopodii (Aeoloplus) ...--.------------- 74 angustipennis................ 305, 403 (Pezotettix) sece-eseeeee seca 74 ALCUCUS sccelesiecee (0s - = 270, 272,403 | Chrysochraon dispar ...........-- FOSOOOSe 96 No. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 415 Page. | Page. cinereus (Caloptenus) ........---..------- 296°) Dichroplus amoenus --...:-......-.-....- 406 (Melanoplus)) seeian 1s sei 296, 403 ALLO PANS. --ces hopes wis sees ns 406 cliens (Acridium Podisma)........--..--- 406 DeLee eae es woseciie. 406 (Dichroplus))sj-sse--2e-ceeseesce = 406 DiC OlOnS assoc esos eeae 406 (REz0bEtIEX) fe meetas caer eins sects 406 CMONS erecicers asses tie wie eens 406 (Pezotettix Dichroplus)--...--..----- 406 distinguendus ............... 406 clypeatus (Caloptenus) ....-----.---.---- 357, 403 elonpatus..-cececesseeaseseics 406 (Melanoplns) is. a-se acts ese 357, 403 exiligy.£ ies Seen cise oe hss 406 cohellii(Pezotettix)ic< «<<, ascns o00-055-- 118 PUSCUSiesecuies ceest seks cceud. 406 (Rodismayhen. set os soem cecee 113 lemmiscatusteceseses sess ose ae 406 coccinatns (Poecilotettix).-.......---.--. 389 patruelis =e cseeeee eo eek ces! 406 coccineipes (Melanoplus) ..-.-------.---- 303 DER Ual ANUS ee oe eaters clave saial te 406 Collaris)((Melanoplus)i--.--<----+ sense -i-\- 391, 403 | Puncinlatishsoesecereceese 406 (Oedaleonotus enigma) ..-.------ 391 FO DMSO UWUUS gare a orale ate laiat=i =i 406 collinay(Podismayalpina)) 2-2-2 -s=-6-cc4-~- INGE) ditterentiale (/Acridiim)\eeeceeeeee-cs ees = 350, 403 collins’ (Melanoplus)):>..-.5-..222-s 349, 350, 403 completus (Melanoplus dawsoni)-.-.-..--- 227, 229 (Eezotettix) eacee cess cee eee 350 compressus (Phaulotettix) ..-..-..----.-- 30) | diminutus (Melanoplus) --.-:.-2..-<.-.-- 190 comptus (Melanoplus) -.-.--.--------.--- 302 | discolor (Melanoplus)..............-...... 149, 403 @onalesetienase nsec mente tess ace owetas 4,9, 23 (Rezotettinyeeca ose ccocemen esos 149, 403 TOISWOMGANA)- ca, os 105, 403 CLUNCAtUPCNNIS 5. sel = === 24, 25 (Hezotettis) esas soso aaa et 105, 107 concinnus (Rhabdotettix) ..--=......-..-. 33 (Rodisina) Basse ee ee eee nee ee cee 105, 403 confusus (Melanoplus)..-.........-...-.- 339) || dumicola (Melanoplus)--.55..--2------+--- 318, 403 consanguineus (Melanoplus)/es-s- -2ce ene 192) |) dumicolus (Pezotettix)-acssssseos-co252 318, 403 conspersus (Melanoplus) -..-.-...----...-. Slo eCdaxe (zeZOtetLEx) macecciscience ccm eee ce « 360, 403 conspicuus (Melanoplus devastator) -.-.. 199 (Rodisnia) seaasaso- onetecieios eistsaisie Ss 360 corallinus (Poepedetes) ...---.-.--------. 403,/405)| elegans) (A‘eolonlus))- 25-0 o2- --ecee = oem em 71 corpulentus (Melanoplus)........--.----- slags | elongatius (Dichroplus) sees e a 406 COSLAe UE OZOLELULEX)'=-.ccsies me tems creieteiatereicle 113 (Melamoplus)) S.cceece cease sere 160 (Bodismva) asso cen sen msec ae 113 | enigma (Oedaleonotus)..-.----.-..--- 391, 403, 404 crassipes) (Acridium)) ----. << ----s-ce---< 406 (Oedaleonotus enigma) ..-----.--- 391 CraASsUS)(bALybe bum)! <2. Lia | StasciatumyCAcniditim) ss sccceassce aces es a5 267 dawsoni (Melanoplus).-..............- 227, 403,405 | fasciatus (Caloptenus) ........---.--- 267, 309, 403 (Pezotettix) in. ass.-5.e5 22 osesee. 227, 403 (Melanoplus)seeeessse- 44 267, 403, 404 decorus|(Melanoplus)\-s--sceesee. - eee Zon |p taunien(Pezotethix)).secccscesss cenee ss << 405 defectus (Melanoplus) .................-. Lie etomorale(eAcridinm)ssseeaees eaee ce a ce cere 278, 403 delecon(Caloptenus)izs--=e=c-eseee see ees 348,403 | femoratum (Acridium Caloptenus)..--.--- 360 (Melanoplus). 252-2 sa25ese~e-sten. 343, 403 | femoratus (Caloptenus) .....-..--.------- 360, 403 MendrOotventix. srosctiesen en soe esa ee 5, 6, 12, 91 (Caloptenus Melanoplus)..----- 360 Hongipennise--eee-eeeeeeee 92, 404 (Melanoplus).....----- 360, 403, 404, 405 longipennis quercus.......- 92 (Melanoplus bivittatus) ....--- 360 QUerCUS! -. —e -.aoe-ceasecsee 6, 92,404 | femur rubrum (Acridium) ....-.....-.-.--- 278, 403 devastator (Caloptenus).........-.....--- 196 (Acridinm Caloptenus) --- 279 (Melanoplus)- 178, 196, 199, 201, 303, 403 (Caloptenus).....--.-- 178, 278, 285 devorator (Caloptenus)-.........---..---- 279, 403 (Caloptenus Melanoplus) - 280 (Melanoplus)\sse-sesces=eeee see 280 (Gryllus Acridium)..----- 278 IDICHTOPLUS 7. se rajnintei-) es ems eee-wAasees ser 4 (Melanoplus). . 278, 279, 403, 404, 405 416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX Page. Page femur rubrum (Pezotettix).....---..----- 280 | Hesperotettix curtipennis ..........-.... 56, 62 (Pezotettix Melanophis) -. 279 fESbIVIAS)< -=..2 5c noe oes 56, 60 festivus (Hesperotettix) ..--...-..-..---- 60 moeridionaliss..+.5- esses naa 56, 59 Tikes ak (Meta) oan oan ae cos oneooSedece 115 MONLtADUS S25. pete ae ee = 57 flabellatus (Melanoplus) ....------------- 251, 403 pacificus:..3---5 4 eee 56, 61 (Rezotettix)i asses. 58-2 e=-2- 251, 403 pratensis: 945.64. se eceacee 5, 56, 64 flabellifer (Melanoplus) ...------.-------- 148, 403 SpeClosus---seeee ee 56, 66, 404, 405 flavescens (Melanoplus)..-..-...-.--------- 155 NAICS estas 7, 56, 60, 63, 64, 78, 405 flavidus (Melanoplus).-.-.--..------------ 158,403 | hispida (Bradynotes)..-...-.-.--..--.---- 81, 404 flavoannulatus (Melanoplus).-.-.--------- 391 | hispidus (Rezotettix) ~-2---.-25--2seeee = 81, 404 (Bezotettis:)---------5---- 403 | hoosiert\((Paromya))-o= 2. cers seme ate =e 382, 404 flavolineatus (Caleoptenus) ...--.-.--- 393, 403, 405 (Pezotethix) —5-=22-s5-assceneemee 382, 404 (Calopienus)ice--s--s2---- -- 391 hudsonium (A.eridinim) 23-2 esseesseeseneer 360 flavovittata (Locusta) ---.--.--..--------- 360 | humphreysii (Melanoplus).....---------- 206, 404 flavovittatum (-A’eridium))- 2.5. --=---=--- 360, 403 | (Bezotettix) s2--—-- 206, 207, 209, 404 HoridananWearOxyed) eco -2 ee = 383,403; 404 || iy pochlorai=-- = 22 psoas eee eae 4, 5, 10, 46, 48 floridanus (Caloptenus) ------.----------- 383 | acutipenmis)-2ase- 3-56 --e2e= 50 floridianus (Caloptenus).--.-------------- 383, 403 | albal. se. =a OLS eon ear 47, 403 foedus (Melanoplus) .------------------ - 311,404 | SpeciOsart: 2 o45- Sessa eeees 66 fraternum (Acridium Podisma) .......--. 406 | impiger (Melanoplus) -.--222>--- -.5---2-= 306 frigida (ROGISUTA Iesenee ae eee 117.) impudica (Scottassa)k= 2-5-2335 -sae steered 406 frie idmm\(2OdisSMa)) 2.22 .\<<2= =e 116,117 | impudicus (Melanoplus) -.-.---.-...-.-=: 204 frigidus (Gryllus)...--.----.------------- 117 | indigens (Melanoplus) --..........-...-.-. 211 (Qelanoplus) 2e-ee==-e=-—e i= Die | infantilisi(Melanoplus)e--sseee- see eee 335, 404 (Bezotetitiac) a= = ae ea 117) ynops) (Melanoplws) 22-222. see seaseeeee se 329 frontalis| (ACEC) = eee (sere 66,404 | inornatus (Melanoplus) -225-----e----—2--= 254 furcatus (Melanoplus).-..---.------------- 358 | (Bezotettix)<<.22-2seeeeeeee ee 254 fuscipes (Melanoplus).-...-..---.-------- 247 | interior (Melamoplus))c2s-se-2- 262) 92 essere 280, 404 2 (Pezotettis) hee s44- ee 247 | intermedius (Melanoplus)-.-.--..---.------ 172 fuscus (Dichroplus)--.-..---------------- 406 jucundus (Oedaleonotus enigma).-.....--. 391 (GAA MDE )Y Sa5e Sea See sooscecusnour 406 (Rezotettix))-.s5%.s9-s5e" cee 391, 404 (Pezotettix Trigouophymus) ..-.-.-. 406 | junius (Caloptenus)=-—. 22-22-22) ese ese- 287 fusitormis, (Netrosoma) .------.--..--=-=- 17 (Melanoplus)see e oe eeeee 330, 404 PLEVIPCODIS c..c.cce ~aee-s- 56, 63,403 | marshalhi (Pezotettix) -...-..... 105, 108, 236, 404 REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. A417 No, 1124, Page. MArLsh ali (eo0disM®)eeesee cece ces aera 108, 404 megacephala (Pezotettix) ...--.---------- 377, 404 BEMVUG AMON s series eas eter aie vem faeralaselal= seine 3 IMelanopltsws arise. --o-- ==" 138, 354, 404 rotundipennis-...-.-..---. 129, 263, 404 TUBUICUS sacs s eae eee 127, 240, 405 IU iy eie se See e ae con SSenee SES 129, 261 RcitulOS’-4s55.-secesce eos 128, 249 S€TLpUUsS!=so5 essen ee eee li4 Scudderi.s< 2229252 -5- 5, 125, 212, 405 BIONLANUS ese Ae eee eee 133, 193 Bimplex 22 22 sose sce se ease 124, 150 BUOW c= sok oe sonst ees 129, 274 RQNOTRC-=- ese eae cee 124, 148 spretus......-- 5, 132, 184, 185, 393, 405 spretus caeruleipes........-. 185 TONEDLOSNS joo secs se see eee eee 341, 405 tenuipennis -2--.-<----....-- 127, 244 Termanalis <2 <5. sse0 3s= 22 135, 293 ; OX ANS fo wees een eee 130, 324, 405 SHOMMAS eso sae oes eee 138, 368 Vital PB eeeenaasasensecee 75 | ELT OFTNIS paca tac Co ( Sere eo- 133, 201 WUahONS Stoo asonis oases 4 132, 167 VALIADILIS vscns aces canes 129, 319 Wa LOLOSUS=2.5- eens saree eee 145, 405 WE eRe a ocoererscgeas 138, 355, 405 MEINE! SoepedooeScbsosesisns 132, 199 WAIN OSs. Joss cee eee eae 128, 255 WLS INS Saas Secaoncaesgeacan 127, 235 washingtonianus..-...... 127, 233, 405 WADROW Lone oo eee cman s ee 139, 369, 405 mendax (Pezotettix) .............-...---. 115 meridionalis (Hesperotettix) .....--.-.-... 59 (Melanoplus) -...-..-....... 223 mexicana (Pezotettix) .-..--.....-..--.-. 404, 405 mexicanum (Platyphyma) -.......-...... 19, 404 mexicanus (Caloptenus)...........------- 19, 404 | (Paradichroplus) -.-.....------ 19, 404 miguelitana (Conalcaea) ........--------- 24 miprado (Pez0tettix)sc- ~~ ..ccc2-sceccee cs 405 Milpert1( A CrIGLUIM) ~~ = 2525 ocessesce cass cc 360, 404 militaris (Melanoplas) ---.----.---...<.:.- 224 mimics (Paraidemona) --.=--......<..-..- 43 *INOL (GAloptenns) =<. -ssen- -- <2 cnn 303, 337, 404 (Welanopluslsc-s--0e5.2 sashes. woe 337, 404 minutipennis (Pezotettix) ........-.------ 327, 404 | VOL. XxX. Page. missionum (Melanoplus)..............-.. 246 modestus (Melanoplus) -.-..-----.---.... 163 montana (Platyphyma) ...-.-......-- 232, 290, 404 ~ montanus (Asemoplus).-...-.-...-.....-.. 394, 404 (Bradynotes))—).<-0 2 eee 394, 404 (Hesperotettix) -...........-.. 57 (Melanoplis)- 2225 --4- ee 232, 404 monticola (Melanoplus)-............--- aw LOZ: 206) nebrascensis (Euprepocnemis)-..-.-....--. 378 (Pezotettix)=]-2.2 seer 377, 404 (Phoetaliotes) -..... 377, 403, 404, 405 (Phoetaliotes nebrascensis) - 377, 378 neomexicana (Conaleaea).........--...-.. 26 Netrosoma<2- sie ks eee cee ee tee eee 4, 9.16 fusiformisis-22 ee eee 17 MiPTOPlOUEA = = -me see eee 17,18 nigrescens (Caloptenus) --..-..-.---...... 225, 404 (Melanoplus) -.......... -. 225, 404, 405 (Pezovettixy es) 2s see ee 225 nigropleura (Netrosoma).-.........---.--. 18 (Pezotettix); << -se-ccussns sees 18 nigrovittatus (Pezotettix) ........-........ 396, 404 (Philocléon)225se5 oe 396, 404 nitidus: (Melanoplus)es-5--es-- eee eee 207 nubicols: (Podisma)<--3-2<5 = eee 102 nudus'(Pezotettis) a-o-4o.060 26 42, 404 obésal(Brady notes) 22-242 =- (- eee 87, 404 (Pezotettis) <2 5-222 os ceann ene 404 obesus((Pezotetitix))--— 222. o> eee eee 87 (Seopas)'2sessosse Sa cascece se eee 406 obovatipennis (Melanoplus)---.---.--.---.- 264, 404 (Pezotettix) -<.=. 5--- ee 264, 404 obscurus (Melanoplus devastator) --..---- 198 occidentalis (Caloptenus) --...-...--. 145, 337, 404 (Euprepocpemis) .----.------ 330 (Melanoplus).- ....- 145, 148, 404, 405 (Pezotebtix)(2 <> 262 -aee- ee 322, 404 oculatus {Aeoloplus) -..---..-.-...-..--.- 79 Ocedaleonotus:. ~s2 5-52.22. 2 ~ secs 5, 6, 14, 390 Onigimy =<. 5. - -s-s see 5, 391, 403, 404 enigma collaris.-.-.--.-..-- 391, 405 enigma enigma .........---. 391 enigma jucundus. --.......- 391 olivacea (Campylacantha).-.............- 51, 404 (Pezotettix)=22-5. 3. -< ean ee 404 olivaceus (Melanoplus)-..---...---.-.-.---- 370 (Pezotetitis) <2. 255-6. senate 31,51 Ommatolampis brevipennis ...-...--.---- 63, 403 WiiGiSi-ccsc%.-- esc e eee 57, 64 opimus (Bradynotes)........-..-....... 83, 87, 404 oregonensis (Pezotettix) ..--..---.------- 110, 404 (Podisma)'=<- 2255505 -4 see 110, 404 pacificus (Hesperotettix).............-- Z §1 (QMelanoplus)ees-->-- ---= eee eee 241, 404 (Pezotettix) 22.:252-s-—s5eesees 241, 404 packardii (Melanoplus) .-..--.-.--.----- 309, 403, 404 | palmeri (Melanoplus) .........--.-------- 230 (Rhabdotettix) —---------se--ne— 34 Pam phagus-o- ce cs= = see seas eno ee 96 parabilis (Pezotettix) -.........-..--.-... _ 217 Paradichroplus --- =< seesee eee 4,9, 18 abeLrTans <--=-- 5a soe eaes 406 bipunctatus--.-........-- 406 Orel. -< sone eo ewer 406 DLUNHDSL <= -eee eee eee 406 NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI—SCUDDER. 419 Page Page. Paradichroplis exicanus...----.---.--. 19) 4040) Pezotettix borckti .........-..-........-- 243, 261 VAEICOLOL 2 secre: cla/srere = 1- 19, 21, 405 ORGANISE sales see cee sos aces 98, 267, 403 RUMI OTTOMAN ore = painieintcini)= n)e'einic mois ew eimlais 10, 82, 41 chenopodii..-.--...-- A eae eee 74 TMOLCA Soe cect secem cos 42,43 | GI ENS Mee eee are atl iste aa 406 milOSateer nos cosa eee eer <5 35 CODS WT esac iahas airs Psicie tose oe'- 113 PUNCatays ns. sajoee a= 42, 404 COS UN Olea aitee rete aie ena 113 Paral ylOCROPIGIa ssa sais aiscesiae a= 5, 12,117 | Ca wSONI Eee eee sc s- 36 sta 227, 403 prumneria. ss .5 2 =-2 sen ar 118 | (Dichroplus) arrogans ......-. 406 SDs cseec = Pao a iste -2 120 (Dichroplus) cliens ..2...-.... 406 Pandassica;(OGISMa)) =~ 22 --- 151 (Rezbientix) pe eer eee. 244 (READIN. Ee Se apse cece Ssscco5 151 | terminalis (Melanoplus)............-...-. 293 robustulus (Dichroplus).-----.----------- 406 | texana (Paroxya floridana).-... ........- 384 (Bezotettix)(“22------ ee 406 | texanus (Melanoplus)...--.....--........ 324,405 robustus (Caloptenus) --........-----.... 354, 404 | (Pezotethimyneseecoen ose ce ~ 324, 405 (vietan opis) pesca ae =e 304,404 | thomasi (Melanoplus).-...............--- 368 ((EEVAOEINGDS)) Seb Se ceeerooceorssee 354 | truncatipennis (Conaleaea)..-.......-..-. 25 rotundipennis (Melanoplus) .....---..--. 263,404 | turnbulli (Acoloplus) .............--.---- 75, 405 (Pezotettix): s..2<-. 5. 263, 264, 404 | (Caloptents) ...-----.-.-:.----- 95 TUDLICTUS (LEZOLCUUIS)) -=-2 sone ~ foe ae 3 Sa 213 | (Molanoplus)tese: 262-25 -eee=- 75 rufipes (Melanoplus packardii).-----..--. 309 typicalis (Melanoplus devastator)........ 199 rufovittata (Aptenopedes) ....-...-.----- 401,405 | wnicolor (Atrachelacris).........-..------ 406 musticns (Melanoplus)cc-s---ss---25----- 240, 405 (Rez otethim)=as-ee pees occ 213, 405 (Pezotettix).--....-.-...-.----.. 240,405 | uniformis (Aeoloplus)...........-...----- 77 salamandra (Pezotettix).....-.----..----- 113, 114 (Melanoplus)iees- 2 se-- 2-2 201 (odisma) ts csececen .9.-242--222<<. <<< 369, 405 speciosus (Hesperotettix)............. 66, 404,405 | zimmermanni (Pezotettix) .--..-....----- 225, 405 (Bez0tebtiix)is-secne2 ces ee 66 | ((2WGNESE)) Cae seeccepseesooe 225 fee = eee oil ae | a J = a a a U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL, | oe oS STEER Se a : LOTTE SS TEGMINA OF SPECIES OF MELANOPLUS AND PHOETALIOTES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 407. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. II 11 MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF GYMNOSCIRTETES, NETROSOMA, PARADICHROPLUS, PHAEDROTETTIX, CONALCAEA, BARYTETTIX, AND PHAULOTETTIX. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 407. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. Ill MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF CEPHALOTETTIX, RHABDOTETTIX, CYCLOCERCUS, SINALOA, AND PARAIDEMONA. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 407. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. IV : ay iF a : 10 MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF AIDEMONA, HYPOCHLORA, CAMPYLACANTHA, EOTETTIX, AND HESPEROTETTIX. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 407, 408. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. V 10 _ MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF HESPEROTETTIX AND AEOLOPLUS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 408. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. VI MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF AEOLOPLUS AND BRADYNOTES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 408. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. Vil MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF BRADYNOTES, DENDROTETTIX, AND PODISMA. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 408. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. Vill =I MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF OLD WORLD SPECIES OF PODISMA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 408. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL, IX 5 MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF PODISMA AND PARATYLOTROPIDIA ; PARATYLOTROPIDIA BRUNNERI. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 409. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. X MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 409. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. Xi MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 409. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XIl MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 409 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XIII MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 409, 410. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XIV MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 410. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XV MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 410. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XVI MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 410. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XVII & [ A, \ N [~ rai 4 6 8 \ MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 410. PROCEEDINGS VOL. XX PL. XVIII U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 411. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XIX MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 411. ry a ‘ +e HN ve ee ns ¢ ; l ivitcw Nae io. aa | Tae . Boy y % ole neg. ) i Lier im } AP ANTES SHON Fae Saat |, Vu vw WW Mee 7 : Ale mh, 4 eae Hi “4 / ; eer Dee i : e eee ht ) ‘ : u vith ‘i - " le ie of ' A Nay ‘ * 7 ; i * k, / : ; ‘ y . ’ ' Y bi . E, iM , ‘ ' d ‘ Vato 1 , _ W ive ‘ai - ‘ *, ‘ i he M ~ ma ‘ve ye Me : : ~ i M y Aé . , “ 4 . o } ve " rk 4 , “I Y = A i = ' F Vives Un . r U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XX MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 411. U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXI MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 411. ph | a fi re os an U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XxXIl MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 411, 412. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXIll MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 412. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXIV 5 MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 412. he U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXV MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS, PHOETALIOTES, AND PAROXYA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 412. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXVI MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF POECILOTETTIX, OEDALEONOTUS, ASEMOPLUS, PHILOCLEON, AND APTENOPEDES. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 412. NOTES ON CESTODE PARASITES OF FISHES. By EpwIin Linton, Ph. D., Professor of Biology, Washington and Jefferson College. THESE notes are based on two collections. First, a collection made by the author at Woods Holl, Massachusetts, in July and August, 1889; and second, a collection belonging to the United States National Museum. It is a matter of regret on the part of the author that fuller accounts of some of the species described are not given; particularly is this true of new species, and of those concerning whose identification there is some doubt. amount or unsatisfactory condition of the material. Following is a list of parasites and hosts mentioned in this paper: The excuse, in nearly every case, is, either the small No. | Parasite. Host. Plate. eee | Le ROCTA SUUVEUIEU ee ies sree ae - aaa = oslo a Cristivomer namaycush ....----- XX VII 1-5 2 dilatata Linton........-.-.----- Anguilla chrysopa..-.--.-------- pinteosusd bdosobed 3 | ocetlata Rudolphi .-------..---- Ambloplites rupestris....------- XXVII | 6-11 ant 8| 8| 20-87-11] 10-107| ig | 4h 38 | 3h 33 | 8| 8] 18-80-10] 10-10 114 43 | 33 a2 ae 9| 8 19-87-10} 9-9 ile} 42 38 | 2 Fle | 9)/) 90) AG"87=10Ne 1050 11 43 | 3s 33 4 2 2 99 | ie | 93 93 1 s|s| gocs210| toi0| top| at Balad Sil Sole eele 7651005 e010) 104 44 34 3h 44 | | 10. TIAROGA COBITIS Girard. (Plate XXXVI.) Several specimens of this interesting species were obtained at Chino, Arizona, from a tributary of the Rio Verde, which belongs to the Gila Basin. It is of unusual interest, not having been taken since the dis- covery of the types in 1851. Girard’s specimens were from the Rio San Pedro, a tributary of the Gila. Head 4 to 43; depth 54; eye small, 4 to 44 times in the head, 13 in the snout, 2 interorbital space. The snout is contained 3 to 3 times in the Tes of the head. D.8; A. 7. Isthmus very wide, 2 in head. te? no.1131. FISHES FROM COLORADO BASIN—GILBERT AND SCOFIELD. 495 In five specimens s examined, four have the teeth i441, andy one 2. 4-4, 1, without grinding surface. The lateral line is mean and inion straight, with seventy pores to base of caudal fin. The belly and the back in front of the dorsal are destitute of scales. Least depth of caa- dal peduncle 24 in head. Mouth very small, terminal, oblique; the lips fleshy. The epee is without barbels and is contained 14 in snout. The mandible is contained a little less than three times in head; premaxillary not protractile. The pectoral fins reach two-thirds dis- tance to ventrals. The ventrals reach the front of the anal. The third ray of the anal is the longest, 22 in head. The front of the dorsal is slightly behind the origin of the ventrals, and considerably nearer the base of the caudal than the tip of the snout. The edge of the dorsal fin is straight, its second ray longest, 12 in head, its rudimentary rays not enlarged. Color (in alcohol), pale gray or yellowish, mottled with reddish-brown on sides and back; a dark elongate black spot on base of middle cau- dal rays broadening posteriorly into a vertical bar, which follows the posterior outline of the caudal fin; this followed by a second and in some by a third fainter bar with lighter interspaces; a conspicuous white patch above and below caudal spot; there is a small but con- spicuous white spot under the first rays of the dorsal and one under posterior end of dorsal, the two encroaching slightly on the fin; dorsal with two broad but faint dark bars parallel to its free edge. Length averages 24 inches. j 11. AGOSIA OSCULA Girard. About thirty specimens were obtained at Chino. This species is at once distinguished from the other species of Agosia in the Colorado Basin by its very small scales and its definite lateral band. We give here a description based on our specimens, as there is no good current description. Head 4 in length; depth 4 to 42; eye 4; snout 34; scales 17 to 19-80 to 86-15 to 17; D. 8; A. 7; least depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head; teeth 1, 4-4, 1, hooked and with grinding surface. Body berate one rather elongate, the caudal peduncle not much compressed. The head tapers to an elongate but obtuse snout. The mouth is slightly ob- lique; the lips not fleshy; maxillary with a small barbel at its tip. Free margin of dorsal and anal straight. The front of the dorsal is slightly behind the origin of the veutrals and midway between the center of the orbit and the base of the middle caudal rays. Length of dorsal 2 in head; its longest ray 14 in head. The pectorals are short, reaching two-thirds distance to ventrals. The ventrals do not quite reach the front of the anal. Dusky olive above, silvery below; a definite dark lateral band about width of eye, expanding at the base of the caudal and narrowing abruptly to a faint caudal spot. In some specimens the sides are slightly mottled with darker. Our specimens are about 2 inches in length. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. AGOSIA COUESI!I Yarrow. Nine specimens were taken at Tempé, and do not agree perfectly with current deseriptions. The following description is based on our specimens: Head 3? to 4; depth 4 to 5; eye 4 to 44 in head, 3 in snout; D..8; A. 7; seales 1£ to 17-70 to 77-10 or 115 teeth Por; 4-4,2 or 1. Body stout, the head long and conical, the snout pointed. Mouth broad, inferior, horizontal, the lips fleshy. Width of isthmus 10 to 13 times in length of fish. Eye small and high up. Caudal peduncle deep and compressed, its least depth contained 2! in the head. Fins all large; the pectorals reaching front origin of ventrals; the ven- trals reaching past front of anal; free edge of dorsal and anal slightly coneave; frout of the dorsal in advance of origin of ventrals and half way between base of middle caudal rays and nostril. The length of the dorsal is contained 1,8, in head; its longest ray 1; in head. The longest ray of the anal is contained-14 in the head. Color dark above and on sides, mottled slightly with black; pale below; fins all plain; no lateral band or caudal spot. Our largest specimen, 24 inches ‘long. Measurements of Agesia couesii. Head. | Depth. Liye. | Snout. satel: DE cAC: Seales. Teeth. | | | | 38 4h 43 | 3 | 4) Oleg] Sse 72 Sul 1,4 | 33 | 4 | 4 3 Geral wees Zi YE Oa | 33 | Bid 4 _| 3 SA eae meng Rrifeniy | glint | 34 | 43 | 4 | 3 Pelee Pac yleae Giant 4-4, ] | 38,| ft 4 | 3 Ce imelle Ge Cen lh BEST 38 32 | 4 29, 4y0\ Ble Tale tGe7 Sai es Onde ed 4 4 42 | 22 | a) ge) ars ae Spee att 1,4 33 5 a) 3 4 o\--8)| 7 | 4273200 41 = 38 4 4 | 3 LSet 6OMTOR| orlndeaad | | | | | | | | | 15. AGOSIA CHRYSOGASTER Girard. Only one specimen was obtained at Chino. Head 4 in length; depth 4$; eye 35; snout 34; interorbital 4; D. 8; A. 7; seales 16-80-14; teeth 4-4, without grinding surface. 14. PLAGOPTERUS ARGENTISSIMUS Cope. A few specimens were procured in the mouth of the Rio Gila at Yuma, and others in the Salt River at Tempé. The species had been reported hitherto only from the San Luis Valley in western Colorado. Our specimens do not differ from the types, with one of which they have been compared. Head 4 in length; depth 5; eye 4 in head, 14 in snout, 14 in interor- bital space; D. II, 7; anal 10; teeth 2, 5-4, 2, without grinding surface. Length 25 inches. Least depth of caudal pedunele 24 in head, its length 1$ in head. Preorbital not quite as long as eye. Front of dorsal behind origin of ventrals, and very slightly nearer base of caudal than tip of snout; first dorsal spine not quite as long shee Nno.1131. FISHES FROM COLORADO BASIN—GILBERT AND SCOFIELD. 497 as head, curved and slightly longer than the second spine, which is received into a longitudinal groove in the first; back of these the rays are thickened and ossified for a little over half their length, their tips articulated and issuing from the tips of the spines; length of anal 14 in head, with one rudimentary and ten developed rays; pectoral reaching ventrals, their rays slightly ossified at base; ventrals reach- ing vent, the first ray thickened and ossified for half its length, the remaining rays developed as six sharp flat spines which fold together like a fan when the fin is closed. From the posterior side of each spine and from just below its tip an articulated ray issues, the first extend- ing beyond its spine for one-fourth length of latter, the others success- ively shorter; the last scarcely projecting; osseous portion of last ray joined for its whole length by a membrane to the abdomen; caudal forked for half its length. Mouth moderate, horizontal, lower jaw included; maxillary extend- ing to front of orbit, with a small barbel at its tip; length of mandible equal to distance from tip of snout to center of orbit, the space between them papillose and spongy. Nasals elevated, the muzzle slightly depressed. Lateral line deflected opposite the dorsal, not quite complete, about thirty-five pores to opposite front of anal; rudiments of scales can be seen above lateral line, more numerous in front of dorsal Color pure silvery, yellowish beneath; dorsal region very finely punctulate; peritoneum and gill cavity light silvery. 15. MEDA FULGIDA Girard. This species was found extremely abundant in the upper course of the Rio Verde, near Chino, Arizona, and was taken also in the Salt River at Tempe. It had previously been taken only in the Rio San Pedro. Following is a description of our specimens: Head 4 in length; depth 543; eye 34 in head, equal to snout and to interorbital width. Least depth of caudal peduncle 54 in head, equal- ing diameter of eye. D. II, 6, counting last divided ray as one; A. 38, 9, or 10, usually 9. Front of dorsal behind origin of ventral consider- ably nearer base of caudal than tip of snout. The character of dorsal rays is the same as in Plagopterus argentissimus, the first spine curved nearer its tip than in the latter, the second spine shorter than the first; first spine 1? in head, longer than base of fin, which is contained twice in head; anal 14 in head; pectorals reach two-thirds distance to vent; the rays osseous at base; ventrals reaching almost to vent, and structurally the same as in P. argentissimus; caudal forked for a little less than half its length, the lobes rounded. Mouth moderate, terminal, slightly oblique, the lower jaw included; mandible reaching vertical from center of pupil; maxillary reaching front of pupil, with- out barbel. The teeth were examined in ten specimens, eight having them 1, 4-4, 1; one 2,4-4,1, and one 1, 4-5,1. Lateral line gradually descending backward to beneath the dorsal, where it bends rather Proc. N. M. vol xx Is) _ 498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. x abruptly upward to axis, and thence straight to caudal; no trace off rudimentary scales. Color bright silvery, with reddish brown mottlings along back; ak band of seattered black specks along lateral line, extending across _ opercle and around snout: body pale yellowish below; peritoneum — and gill cavity silvery, with a few black specks. A few specimens have | the second dorsal spine longer than the first, agreeing thus with the — original description. Family PQSCIGITID AL. 16. CYPRINODON MACULARIUS Baird & Girard. Numerous specimens were obtained in. a spring-fed pond at Lerdo, Mexico. 17. POECILIA OCCIDENTALIS Baird & Girard. Several specimens from Salt River at Tempé, Arizona. We agree with Garman in referring this species to the genus Pecilia. Head 44 in length; depth 4; eye 35; D. 7 or 8; A. 9 or 10; scales 29-7 or 29-8. Dorsal slightly behind front of anal; first dorsal ray undivided, two-thirds as long as second. Brownish above, the edges of the seales thickly dotted with brown, silvery beneath; a narrow black line on under side of caudal peduncle, another on side of body, com- mencing five or six scales back of opercle and running through center of middle row of seales to caudal; also a short black line a little longer than eye running forward and outward from vent. Teeth in two well-separated series; those of inner series small and slightly hooked; the outer compressed, curved, pointed, and tipped with red. Head in male 32 in length; depth 33. Anal and ventrals crowded forward in males, the anal prolonged into an intromittent organ. Length of females, 24 inches; males, 14 inches; agreeing in all respects with specimens from the type locality (Tucson, Arizona). Family GOBIID 4. 18. GILLICHTHYS DETRUSUS Gilbert & Scofield, new species. (Plate XX XVIII.) Allied to Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper, differing in the broader and more depressed head, the larger anal fin, and the greater distance between the two dorsals. Head 34; eye 7; snout 4; depth 5; interorbital 54; D. VI, 13; A. 18 developed rays (10 in G. mirabilis). Scales very fine anteriorly, becom- ing much larger posteriorly; about seventy-five oblique rows of scales from base of pectoral to caudal, and about twenty-five longitudinal rwos between front of anal and front of second dorsal. The head is depressed, the frontals broad, the least frontal width no. 1131. FISHES FROM COLORADO BASIN—GILBERT AND SCOFIELD. 499 being contained in the head eight times (eleven times in G@. mirabilis), The post frontals are small and project but very little, differing from _ G. mirabilis, where the post frontals project into an elevated wing-like process. The width of the isthmus is contained three times in the head; length of maxillary 14 times in head; mandible 13. Least depth of caudal peduncle 22 in head, Distance between dorsals half length of base of first dorsal; base of first dorsal 24 in head; second dorsal 1$; anal 2 in head; length of longest pectoral ray 13 in head. Color very pale olive, some of the specimens with dark punctulations about the head and fins. 'Lhe pale coloration is probably due to their life in shallow water on bottom of pale sand. Several specimens, the longest 5 inches long, were taken at Horse- shoe Bend, near the mouth of the Colorado River, in Mexico, where they are quite abundant. The species inhabits muddy ereeks and channels communicating with the river, and is caught and eaten by the Indians. Type.—No. 48127, U.S.N.M. 2 Family PLEURONECTID &. 19. PARALICHTHYS ASTUARIUS Gilbert & Scofield, new species. (Plate XX XIX.) Head 32; depth 24; eye 545; interorbital space flat, 12 in head, half the diameter of the eye; maxillary 2 in head, equal to the pectoral fin; gill rakers 9+ 20, the longest two-thirds length of eye; dorsal 72 to 82; anal 58 to 64. (In the seven specimens the rays are: Dorsal 72, 79, 81, 81, 82, 83,83; anal 58, 60, 60, 62, 63,63, 64.) Vertebre 10428; scales weakly ciliated, with small accessory scales, 105 in the lateral line. Length of the arch contained four times in straight part of Jateral line, 2 in head; height of arch 43 in head. Four of the seven specimens are sinistral. Color pale chocolate brown. Specimens small, 6 to 9 inches in length. Taken at Shoal Point, at mouth of the Colorado River, Mexico, by the United States Fish Commission steamer A/ba- tross. This species is distinguished from, the other members of the genus by its numerous fin rays and its inany gill rakers. It is nearest related to Paralichthys californicus, which is abundant along the entire _ coast of California, extending as far south as Magdalena Bay, in Lower 7 California. Two specimens in the museum of Stanford University from _ the latter locality are entirely typical of P. californicus. = Type.—No. 48128, U.S.N.M. ‘< oes ee hei : sa 722 [te ate SR > She weet INS: A. osehes Bios Benorie wae beer. ae: a: oe ey | Fe : m4 si a, aa : ar 4 s erry Jeon 2 oe pp oii ear: = COS ae, eee bg RS Pe phy nice F J pager rake od 4 _s | es 4, myily vr ee U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL PANTOSTEUS ARIZONA. . XXXVI PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL XXXVII U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “SILIGOO VOOUVIL PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXXVIII U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM SNSNYLAG SAHLHOITMNS SS PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXXIX U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM a SNIYWNLSY SAHLHOMVYV, PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSES OF NEW MAMMALS OF THE GENERA SCIURUS, CASTOR, NEOTOMA, AND SIGMODON, FROM THE MEXICAN BORDER OF THE UNITED STATES. By EpGArR A. MEARNS, M. D., Assistant Surgeon, United States Army. THIS is the seventh of a series of papers giving preliminary descrip- tions of the new mammals collected on the recent survey of the boundary between Mexico and the United States.’ Detailed descriptions, with illustrations of the new forms and comparisons with their allies, will appear later, in the report on the collections made by the International Boundary Commission. SCIURUS FOSSOR ANTHONYI, new subspecies. ANTHONY’S GRAY SQUIRREL. Type.—No. 60928, U.S.N.M. (Collection International Boundary Com- mission). Skin and skull. Adult female, from Campbell’s ranch, at Laguna, San Diego County, California. Collected by Doctor Edgar A. Mearns, June 10, 1894. Original number, 3642. Description of type.—In winter pelage. Above gray, very faintly suf- fused with yellowish brown on the back. Tail gray above, the hairs very broadly annulated with black and tipped with white; tail below, tricolor, grayish mesially, then broadly banded with black, and edged with white. Feet mixed yellowish brown, gray, and black, the latter predominating on the toes. Ears scantily coated with grayish hair, the color changing to tawny ochraceous at base externally. Cheeks gray, mixed with white. Under parts, inner side of limbs, and orbital circle, white. Length, 540 mm ; tail vertebrie, 270; ear from crown, 28 length of hind foot, 79. Remarks.—The form of Sciurus fossor Peale, found in the interior region of southern and Lower California, is not, as has been supposed, the Sciurus fossor nigripes of Bryant. It lacks the strong yellowish- brown suffusion on the back, and the dusky of the crown; instead of 1Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, pp. 129-130; XVIII, 1895, pp. 444-447, 551-565 ; XIX, 1896, pp. 137-140; XX, pp. 457-461, 467-471. {Advance sheets of this paper were published March 5, 1897.] PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuseuM, VoL. XX—No. 1132. 502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. . XX. 7 somewhat smaller. Mr. Bryant described! a very dark form of S. /os-— sor—the subspecies nigripes—inhabiting the redwood belt of the coast region of California, south of San Francisco, from specimens taken in San Mateo County. Through the courtesy of Mr. F. W. True and Doctor J. A. Allen I have been able to compare topo-types of Sciurus fossor nigripes With the present form, and with true Sciwrus fossor from the Sierra Nevada and other mountains of northern California and Oregon north as far as the Columbia River, with the result that three distinct geographic phases of S. fossor are recognized. The typical form is large, without reddish-brown on the back or blackish feet, and the caudal hairs are so thickly ringed with black that there is no dis- tinetly tricolored pattern to the under surface of the tail. Its colora- tion is darker than that of the present form and paler than in S. fossor nigripes. Named in honor of Mr. A. W. Anthony, of San Diego, California. CASTOR CANADENSIS FRONDATOR, new subspecies. BROAD-TAILED BEAVER. Type.—No. 73223, U.S.N.M. (Collection International Boundary Com- — mission.) Adult male, from the San Pedro River, Sonora, Mexico, near monument No. 98 of the Mexican boundary line. Collected by Doctor Edgar A. Mearns and Mr. F. X. Holzner, October 24, 1892. Original number, 2151. Description of Type.—ULarger than the beaver of Canada, paler aud different in coloration, with a much broader tail. Above russet, chang- ing to chocolate on the caudal peduncle above, and to burnt sienna on the feet; toes reddish chocolate. Below grayish cinnamon, brightening to ferruginous on the under side of the caudal peduncle. Sides wood- brown, enlivened by the tawny-olive color of the overhair. Length 1,070 mm.; length of tail, measured from anus, 560; length of bare por- tion of tail, 290; width of bare portion of tail, 125; height of ear from crown, dL; height of ear from anterior base, 35; distance from tip of nose to eye, 68; from tip of nose to ear, 125; nose to occiput, 165; length of manus, with claw, 82; length of pes, with claw, 185. Weight, 62 pounds avoirdupois. Skull, 133 by 99. Remarks.—The beaver of Canada and the northeastern United States is of a beautiful glossy bay on the upper surface, paling to chestnut on the head and rump. The under surface is seal brown. Sometimes the color is still darker, the back being blackish brown, the caudal peduncle burnt umber, and the under side of head vandyke brown. The feet are seal brown. I have examined thirty three skulls and a larger number of skins of this race of the beaver from Arizona and Sonora. In old males the total length reaches 1,130 mm.; and the bare and sealy por- | Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d ser., II, 1889, p. 25. Pi no. 1132. NEW MAMMALS FROM THE MEXICAN BORDER—MEARNS. 503 tion of the tail measures 285 by 155, Adult males weigh 60 pounds and upward; females 40 to 50 pounds. Cranial characters.—The skull of the European beaver (Castor fiber), which is readily distinguishabie from that of the Canadian beaver (C. canadensis) by its slender build, lengthened nasal bones, and elon- gated rostral portion, presents still greater differences when compared with the beaver of Arizona and Sonora. There being at present no forest connection between the habitats of Castor jfiber and C. canadensis in their respective geographic ranges, and consequently no continuity of habitat, there can be no question as to their specific distinctness. The skull of C. canadensis frondator differs from that of C. canadensis (typical) in being much larger, with more spreading zygomata. Geographical range.—This form occupies the southern interior area of North America, ranging north from Mexico to Wyoming and Montana. NEOTOMA CUMULATOR, new species. COLORADO RIVER WOOD RAT. Type.-—N 0. 60348, U.S.N.M. (Collection International Boundary Com- mission.) Skin and skull. Adult male from old Fort Yuma, San Diego County, California. Collected by Doctor Edgar A. Mearns, April 2, 1894. Original number, 3472. Description of type.—Upper parts grayish fulvous, thickly lined with black-tipped hairs, changing to gray on the limbs, and ochraceous-butf on the sides. Tail rather long-haired, almost black above, and white below. Feet, a small patch at base of ear, and whole under surface of body white. Ears scantily clothed with gray and black downy hairs on concave surface, aud on posterior two-thirds of convex surface; anterior third of convex surface coated with longer black hairs. Whisk- ers long, reaching to shoulder; their color, mixed black and white. Orbital area dusky. Length, 403 mm.; tail vertebrae, 188 (to end of hairs, 197); ear above crown, 24.5; ear above notch, 30.5; distance between eyes, 18; diameter of eye, 8; length of longest whisker, 75; distance from tip of nose to eye, 25; to center of pupil, 31; to ear, 46; to tip of ear, 81; to occiput, 56; to end of outstretched hinder extrem- ity, 292; fore limb, from olecranon process to end of claws, 54; length of fore foot, 22; longest claw of fore foot, 3.1; hind limb, from knee- joint to end of claws, 76; length of hind foot, 37; longest claw of hind foot, 4.7. Remarks.—This is one of the largest of the round-tailed wood rats. The coloration is similar to that of NV. intermedia Rhoads, but is paler than the typical form, and darker than the desert phase (NV. intermedia venusta). The tail is more sharply bicolored, nearly black above, and quite heavily coated with rather long hair. It requires no comparison with any of the neighboring forms, but is closely related to N. leucodon, receutly described by Doctor Merriam, from San Luis Potosi, Mexico, and extends the range of the leucodon group to within the United 5OA PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. States. The skullis large, measuring 47.5 by 23 mm. in extreme dimen- | sious. The general shape is suggestive of that of N. lewcodon. It has the same prominent premaxille, ending posteriorly well behind the nasals. The skull is lower and more convex antero-posteriorly: than that of N. lewcodon, with the brain-case much more flat. It is more angular throughout, with zygomatic arches standing out more squarely anteriorly. The interparietal bone is less quadrate, being wider, and more pointed posteriorly ; and the nasal bones differ markedly in having a prominent swelling anteriorly, which gives the pair a distinetly spat- ulate form, as in Sigmodon hispidus eremicus from the same region. SIGMODON HISPIDUS PALLIDUS, new subspecies. EASTERN DESERT COTTON RAT. Type.—No. 2940, U.S.N.M. (Collection International Boundary Com- mission). Adult male, from the left bank of the Rio Grande, about 6 miles above El Paso, Texas, and opposite the initial monument of the Mexican boundary. Collected by Doctor Edgar A. Mearns and Mr. F. X. Holzner, February 19, 1892. Original number, 1461. Description of type—Smaller than Sigmodon hispidus texianus, with the ears relatively and actually larger. Color much paler and grayer, the brown color being replaced by gray. Above buffy gray, finely mixed with black, producing a finely-blended grizzle. Feet grayish white. Under surfaces pure white. Tail dusky brownish above, grayish white on sides and below. Length, 242 mm.; tail to end of vertebrie, 103 (to end hairs, 108); height of ear from crown, 14 (from notch, 19.5); length of head, 37; length of hind foot, 30. Geographical range.—This subspecies is known only from the chain of old lake basins along the course of the Upper Rio Grande, in the Eastern Desert Tract. SIGMODON HISPIDUS EREMICUS, new subspecies. WESTERN DESERT COTTON RAT. Type.—No. 60319, U.S.N.M. (Collection International Boundary Com- mission). Skin and skull. Adult male, from Cienega Well, 30 miles south of monument No. 204, Mexican boundary line, on the left bank of the Colorado River, in Sonora. Collected by Doctor Edgar A. Mearns and Mr. F. X. Holzner, March 24, 1894. Original number, 3367. Description of type-—General aspect yellowish gray. The usual black bands of the hair composing the outer coating are pale brown in this desert race, and the almost colorless tips of the longest hairs pro- duce a peculair haziness. Along the sides, but especially on the rump, there is a strong ochraceous tinge. Under surface white, but with pale gray underfur showing between the white-tipped over-hairs. Feet grayish white. Tail scantily haired, not distinctly blackish above. Length, 280 mm.; tail to end of vertebrie, 128 (to end of hairs, 133); : Nno.1132. NEW MAMMALS FROM THE MEXICAN BORDER—MEARNS. 5!)5 Po ear from crown, 15; length of hind foot, 34. Skull measuring 20.5 by 35 mm. in extreme dimensions. ‘The nasals are expanded into a spatu- late extremity, as in the Neotoma of the same region. This form, though as pale as that of the Eastern Desert, described above, may be instantiy distinguished by its yellowish instead of grayish coloration, and by the spatulate terminal enlargement of the nasal bones. 4 Geographical range.-—Found near the waters of the lower Colorado River, in the Western Desert Tract. ' ‘eae AN) UR A ae +x NOTES ON TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES. By Epwin Linton, Ph. D., Professor of Biology, Washington and Jefferson College. THE following notes are based on two distinct collections: A collection made by myself while enjoying the privileges of the scientific station of the United States Fish Commission at Woods Holl, Massachusetts, and a collection belonging to the United States National Museum. While the notes make no claim whatever to be exhaustive studies of the species considered, it is hoped that, in most cases, the descriptions are full enough to render the work of identification easy to future workers. - Following are the names of species discussed in this paper, together with a list of the hosts: No. | Parasite. | Host. Plate. Figure. | Bo = rete | ; = = i) Neizchia elegans Baer ...-------«----=- HRA CIMENSER-SLUTLO) 2 ak materi = pase oe eos es sors ears 2 pupillosa, new species ..---... Gadus callarias-----~--5----- XL 1-6 3 | Tristomum leeve Verrill?..........--.. Gymnosarda pelamys.-..---- XL 7,8 4} coccineum Cuvier .-.-..---- KApRias GAIUS: 2352-25 5-- om XL 9 5 TLCOLD LAL IEITe ICSIN P12), MMOLE MOU 2. < =o = oan nnn cnen|es enn s= == |oCompend., p. 269. - NO. 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON,. 515 There is obviously a confusion of terms here, but I have not felt justi- fied in referring this specimen to a new species. No. 4859, U.S.N.M. Body terete, elongated, transversely plicate; tail shorter, retractile. Acetabulum sessile, prominent, rather large, equaling the anterior sucker, or larger. Mouth subterminal, contiguous to pharynx. C£sophagus, none. Vitelline glands two, large, juxtaposed, one nearly simple, the other trilobed. Ovary globose, median, near anterior margins of vitel- Jaria. Uterus not descending into the caudal appendage. Testes two, globose or elliptical, median, transversely oblique, each somewhat less than the ovary. Bursa of penis ovate, situated at the right-hand ante- rior margin of the acetabulum, Genital aperture almost in the middle of the neck. Cirrus thick, curved, beset with minute papille. Excre- tory vessel median, forked near testes, with branches confluent between mouth and pharynx; vescicle and foramen at apex of caudal appendage. Length § to5 mm. {Olsson.| The following dimensions are of living specimens, side view, slightly flattened: Length, 3.20 mm.; breadth, anterior, 0.20; breadth, median, 0.42; breadth, posterior,0.20; diameter of oral sucker, 0.20; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.20; distance between suckers, variable, 0.20; length of ova, 0.025; breadth of ova, 0.014. The color was bluish-white with a golden-yellow center, due to the voluminous uterus filled with yellow ova. Found in intestine of Pomatomus saltatrix. One specimen, Woods Holl, Massachusetts, July 9, 1887. 10. DISTOMUM RUFOVIRIDE Rudolphi. (Plates XLII, fig. 14; XLIII, figs. 1-4.) Distomum rufoviride DusJARDIN, Hist. Nat. d. Helm., 1845, p. 421.—Dresinea, Syst. Helm., I, 1850, p. 372.—MouINn, Sitzungsb. Wiener Akad., XXXVII, 1859, p. 844.—CoBRBOLD, Synops. Distom., 1859, p. 22.—WaAGENER, Arch. f. Naturg., XX VI, 1860, p. 178, pl. viul, figs. 6-10.—Mouin, Denkscir, Wiener Akad., XIX, 1861, p. 205, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5—Ousson, Entozoa Skandin. Hafsfisk., III, 1868, p. 49; Bidr. till. Skandin, Helminthfauna, I, 1876, p. 20.—Srossicu, Bull. Soc. Adriat. Trieste, VIII, 1885, p. 115.—Carus, Prodr. Faun:e Mediterr., I, 1884, p. 125.—Srossicu, Bull. Soc. Adriat. Trieste, IX, 1885, p. 159.—PRENANT, Recherches sur les Vers Parasites, Nancy, 1885, p. 19, pl. 11, figs. 1-5.—Srossicu, Dist. d. Pese. Trieste, 1885, p. 13.—Sonsino, Estr. d. Pr. d. Soc. Tose. d. Sci. Nat., 1890, p. 11. T add the following synonymy on the authority of Stossich: Distomum caudiporum DUsARDIN, Hist. Nat. d. Helm., p. 422.—D1Estne, Syst. Helm., I, p. 342.—CoBBOLD, Syneops. Distom., 1859, p. 22.—WaAGENER, Arch. f. Naturg., XX VI, p. 181. Body unarmed, cylindrical, thick, subattenuate at the two extremi- ties, more at posterior than anterior; neck more slender than body, excavate below; tail short and retractile; ventral sucker twice the size of the oral, globose or hemispherical, at the base of the neck. 516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Mouth subterminal, globose, the anterior lip prominent, and cesopha- | gus very short, intestinal crura not extending to the caudal appendage. | Testes two at each side near the ventral sucker and behind it. Semi-— nal vescicle large, ovate, on the left side; vitellaria voluminous tubular, mainly on left side; genital aperture behind oral sucker. No. 4862, U.S.N.M. Lhavereferred a lot of Distoma, from the striped bass (Roccus lineatus), containing seven specimens, to this species, although they fail to agree with the published deseriptions of the species in all particulars. The specimens were studied only in their alcoholic¢ condition, and since the very considerable contortions of the body which they assumed and retained in the preserving fluids make a comparison with descriptions difficult, and since they present so many characters which belong to D. rufoviride, I have thought it best to refer them to that species. The points of disagreementare: The pharynx can not be characterized as “elongated,” and although contiguous with the oral sucker is not “partly included in the oral cavity.” The seminal vescicle is not situ- ated ‘next the anterior margin of the acetabulum,” but in the sectioned specimens does not extend quite so far forward as the anterior edge, while it extended posteriorly some distance beyond the posterior edge of the ventral sucker. The vitelline glands were exclusively on the left side of the body. The genital aperture instead of being in the “ middle of the neck,” was immediately behind the oral aperture. The length agrees with Olsson’s observations, and in life may exceed that, in which case it would come within the limits of the species i. e. 5-9 mm. (Stossich.) Found in intestine of Roccus lineatus; Woods Holl, Massachusetts, September, 1854. No notes were made at the time of collecting. The length of the longest (alcoholic) specimen is 5 mm., that of the shortest, 2.5; diame- ter of largest, maximum, 2. The bodies are variously contorted, but usually thickest about the middle of the body. The following dimensions were obtained from measurements of see- tions which passed somewhat diagonally through the various organs, and are therefore not exact as longitudinal and transverse diameters: Length of oral sucker, 0.23 mm.; breadth, 0.20; length of pharynx, 0.14; breadth, 0.14; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.53; length of seminal receptacle, 0.62; breadth, 0.33; long diameter of ova, 0.021; short diameter, 0.12. The ovary, 0.43 min. in the greatest diameter noticed in sections, lies behind the testes, with the shell gland beside it (Plate XLIII, fig. 2). The vitellaria are tubular and lie behind the testes mainly on the left side; they are stained red in my carmine-stained sections, and thus ditfer from the corresponding organs in most of my other distoma sections, where the vitellaria are, as a rule, reddish-brown with carmine stain. Behind the ovary the body is to a great extent filled with the folds No. 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 517 of the uterus crowded with ova. Folds of the uterus also extend for- ward, lying dorsal to the ventral sucker. The antericr end of the uterus passes above the ventral sucker accompanying the vas deferens, but lying ventral to it, along the dorsal region of the neck, and opens with the vas deferens at the base of the cirrus behind the oral sucker. The yas deferens is surrounded by a prostate gland throughout its length (Plate XLIII, fig. 4). The intestinal crura are distinct, with rather strong walls. They extend to near the posterior end of the body, although not as far as the very Short retractile portion. The excretory vessel was seen only near the caudal extremity, where it communicates as a simple vessel with the terminal pore. 11. DISTOMUM LAEVE, new species. (Plates XLIII, figs. 5-8; XLIV, fig. 1.) From Macrourus bairdii, United States Fish Commission Station 894. Twelve specimens 1.5 to 3.5 mm. in length. Body roundish, elongated, attenuate both anteriorily and posteriorly from near middle of length, somewhat fusiform, smooth, with an atten- uated retractile caudal appendage. Neck short, conical; ventral sucker much larger than oral, aperture nearly circular; mouth subterminal, aperture longitudinal; cesophagus, none; pharnyx, ellipsoidal; intes- tinal crura capacious, not extending into tail; cirrus bulb pyriform in front of ventral sucker; genital aperture near posterior end of pharynx. Vitelline glands two, dark-brown, conspicuous, subglobu- lar, situated near or a little back of middle of post-acetabular region; ovary placed transversely immediately in front of vitellaria, and touch- ing both. Testes, two, subglobular, lying side by side transversely in contact with posterior wall of ventral sucker. Anterior seminal vessel on dorsal side of ventral sucker, a posterior seminal vessel immediately behind vitellaria. Uterus long, convoluted, occupying much of the body cavity trom ventral sucker to and even back of vitelline glands, filled with small elliptical ova, 0.026 and 0.012 mm. in the two principal diameters. Exeretory vessel median, from posterior end, where it com- municates with a large terminal vessel, to ventral sucker, where it divides into two branches, which pass forward and unite on the dorsal side of the pharynx. The excretory vessel is filled with minute gran- ules, which appeared white ina specimen cleared up in oil of cloves and seen under reflected light. The body wall, particularly on the neck where .east obscured by the internal organs, shows beautiful longitudinal and transverse strie when highly magnified. These strive are about 0.002 mm. apart. One specimen was seen which was irregularly crossed by transverse wrinkles in the middle region of the body. Others were entirely smooth. Dimensions of a typical specimen follow: Length, 3.56 mm.; longitu- dinal diameter of oral sucker, 0.13; transverse diameter of same, 0.11; 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. longitudinal diameter of Pencil suchen 0.31; itanswarse diameter of | same, 0.27; length of @sophagus, 0.09; Hieeetot of @sophagus, 0.03; distance between suckers, 0.3; length of cirrus bulb, 0.19; aiamened of — cirrus bulb, 0.14; genital apeteene: 0.16 in front of Sosttnall sucker. This species is near D. appendiculatum. Type.—No. 4852, U.S.N.M. 12. DISTOMUM MONTICELLII, new species. (Plate XLIV, figs. 2-8.) Body slender, cylindrical, attenuate both posteriorly and anteriorly, but most in front, from region of ventral sucker; unarmed, often with fine transverse rugie; tail retractile. Neck very versatile in life, some- times elongated, linear, at others contracted until the two suckers are close together, frequently in alcoholic specimens sharply curved ven- trally in formofahook, Vitelline glands, a tubular-lobed body situated behind the ovary well toward the posterior end. Ovary globular, con- tiguous with vitelline gland. Testes, two, globular, placed close together obliqueiy about halfway between ventral sucker and ovary. Uterus long, its folds lying both dorsally and ventrally between testes and vitelline glands and extending forward dorsally to the genital aperture a Short distance in front of ventral sucker, and posteriorly to or even behind vitelline gland filled with ova. Cirrus bulb and seminal recep- tacle at base of neck, dorsally placed, whence by contraction or com: pression they may be forced either to the right or the left of the ventral sucker. Crura of intestine long. Ventral sucker very prominent, much larger than oral sucker, aperture circular, with perforate contractile velum. Aperture of oral sucker oval, transverse in life, longitudinal in death. Oral sucker contiguous with pharynx, 1. e., cesophagus practically none. HExcretory vessel proceeding from the vicinity of the cesophagus in two branches which pass on either side of the ventral sucker, uniting behind tiat organ about halfway between it and the anterior testes, thence proceeding to the posterior end of the body. Length, 5.5 mm. Types.—Nos. 4855, 4856, U.S.N.M. I have found this parasite in the stomach of the sucker {Remora remora) at four different times, namely, August 1, 6, 10, 1887, and July 22, 1889, Woods Holl, Massachusetts. One fish was examined each time except the last, when two were examined. Numerous speci- mens of this worm were found in each fish, with one exception. One of the two examined in 1589 had no parasites. The anatomy of this species bears a very close resemblance to Monti- eelli’s! Apoblema stossichii, about the only material difference being the position of the cirrus bulb and seminal vescicle, which in A. stossichit is behind the ventral sucker. The caudal appendage in A. stossichti ‘Atti della R. Accademia delle Scienze de Torino, XX VI. ov hell Honig Sete ete, a Pi iam ‘bi Me No. 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 519 is very short, while that of D). monticellii is moderately large. It is invaginated in most of my specimens, and furnishes a point of resem- blance to D. appendiculatum. The body of D. monticellit is nearly smooth, fine transverse rug only being 1evealed under high magni- fication, while both D. appendiculatum and A. stossichit are transversely plicate.' I append a few notes made at the time of collecting. The worms when first removed from their host and placed in sea water were quite active. The anterior part of the body could be elongated until the attenuated neck was equal in length to one-third the body. The dis- tance between the suckers when at rest being about 0.5 mm.,, increased to over lim. Dimensions of a typical living specimen: Length, 5.4 mm.; greatest diameter, 1 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.1 mm; diam- eter of ventral sucker, 0.54 mm. The color of some of the organs is quite different when seen by trans- mitted light from what it is under reflected light. One specimen presented the following colors: Oral sucker dull reddish-brown, after- wards yellow; ventral sucker light yellowish-brown, with reflected light golden yellow, with reddish-brown center; intestine grayish, faint pur- ple with reflected light; seminal receptacle and cirrus pouch pale reddish-brown, light purple with reflected light; testes reddish-brown, dark purple with reflected light; uterus with ova golden yellow; ground color of body pale yellow, with faint reddish-brown tinge in the mem- branous mass at the posterior end of the body; excretory vessel dark brown, bright green by reflected light. Another specimen which had been lying in sea water for a number of hours had a transparent bluish-white ground color, the uterus with ova was a beautiful golden yellow, the testes, suckers, pharynx, crura of intestine, cirrus pouch and terminal portion (invaginated ?) a little opaque; vitelline glands and excretory vessel dead opaque white. Crura of intestines large, inflated, pulsating in life, sometimes so much inflated as to fill the body cavity back of vitelline glands. Pos- terior end of body usually oecupied by an invaginated portion of the tail. The ova in life measured 0.025 and 0.014 mm. in the two principal diameters; in alcoholic specimens, 0.018 and 0.011 mm. in the two diameters. In aleoholic specimens the neck is short, conical, and curved ven- trally. The ventral sucker is three times the diameter of the oral sucker. The body is of nearly uniform diameter from the ventral sucker to about the posterior third, whence it tapers gradually to the posterior end, which is truncate, the posterior end being, as a rule, invaginated. Jt was invaginated in all the fresh specimens examined. The dimensions of an alcoholic specimen follow: Length, 5.12 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.18 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.56 ‘Monticelli erects Dujardin’s subgenus dApoblema into a genus, 520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. mm.; distance between suckers, 1 mm.; diameter of pharynx, 0.1 mm.; maximum diameter of body, 0.75.mm. : In a living specimen, dorsal view, a small organ just behind the ovary was seen, in which there was active ciliary motion. The position of the organ would indicate that it is the shell gland. The specimens were found in the stomach of their host in each ease. In one instance a few specimens were also found in the gills of their host. While the worms were active the pharynx could be seen expanding and contracting almost rhythmically and the fluid contents of the two branches of the alimentary tract was kept in motion by a kind of peri- staltic action of their walls. 13. DISTOMUM GRANDIPORUM Rudolphi. (Plate XLIV, fig. 9.) Distomum grandiporum DIESING, Syst. Helm., I, 1850, p. 371.—MOLIN, Sitzungsb. Wiener Akad., XXX VII, 1859, p. 826, pl. 1, fig. 5. —COBBOLD, Synops. Distom., 1859, p. 23.—Ousson, Bidrag t. Skand. Helminthf., 1876, p. 20.—Srossicu, Dist. d. Pesc., 1886, p. 14. I refer to this species a single specimen (No, 5505, U.S.N.M.) from the stomach of the common eel. The specimen is adult, and the very voluminoas folds of the uterus are so crowded with ova that the other organs are thereby to a great extent obscured. Fig. 9 is from a sketch of the specimen much dis- torted by compression. The following synopsis of the species is compiled from the synopses as given by Olsson and Stossich. Body unarmed, terete oblong (when the tail is retracted), neck some- what attenuate, excavate beneath. Ventral sucker larger than oral sucker (almost four times as large, Stossich) at base of neck, spherical, sessile, and prominent. Mouth subterminal, semiglobose. Pharynx contiguous with oral sucker; cesophagus none; intestinal branches narrow, extending to base of appendix (almost to apex of appendix, Stossich). ‘Testes two, globose at each side behind the ventral sucker. (Each smaller than ovary, Olsson.) Seminal vescicle large, ovate, a little in front of the ventral sucker. Cirrus short, cylindrical, smooth. Vitellaria two, large, near together, immediately behind the ovary. Ovary large, globose, posterior. Uterus ample, gyri between testes and ovary, ova yellow. Male genital aperture in front of female in middle of neck. Length, 2-6 mm. On account of the enormous development of the uterine folds and the lack of material for sectioning, the verification of all the above-named specific characters is not possible. The resemblance seems to be near enough, however, to make this identification probable. The dimensions of my specimens are: Length, 5.50 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.26; NO. 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 591 diameter of ventral sucker, 0.69; long diameter of ova, 0.017; short diameter of ova, 0.009. Found in stomach of Anguilla chrysypa; Woods Holl, Massachusetts, September 2, 1885. 14. DISTOMUM AURICULATUM Wedl (?). (Plate XLV, figs. 1-7.) Distomum auriculatum WEDL, Sitzungsb. d. Kais. Akad., XX VI, 1857, p. 242, Pt. 4, pl. 1, fig. 2.—Diesinc, Revis. d. Myzhelm, p. 343.—StTossicu, Dist. d. Rese: ps 1s. I refer these Distoma provisionally to D. auriculatum. Body short, linear or lance-linear, flattened; posteriorly subattenu- ate, anteriorly broadly rounded; mouth subterminal, large, overlapped in front by two auricular flaps symmetrically placed and each prolonged laterally like a conical papilla; four other papillie on head, one on each side and two dorsolateral, making, with the tips of the auricular flaps, six wartlike papille in all. Ventral sucker about central, smaller than the oral sucker. (Esophagus none, pharynx ellipsoidal. Vitellaria voluminous, mainly lateral, extending from posterior end on each side nearly to the head. Ova rather large in a mass behind ventral sucker. Testes about midway between posterior edge of ventral sucker and posterior end of body. Cirrus pouch in front of ventral sucker, repro- ductive aperture halfway between suckers. The five specimens were 2.20, 1.91, 1.90, and 1.70 mm., respectively, in length. The dimensions of the larger specimen are here given: Length, 2.2mm.; breadth of head, 0.5; breadth of neck, 0.41; breadth of body, 0.6; longitudinal diameter of oral sucker, 0.42; transverse diameter of the same, 0.46; longitudinal diameter of ventral sucker, 0.28; trans- verse diameter of same, 0.52; length of pharynx, 0.16; diameter of pharynx, 0.11. Ova, 0.07 and 0.04 mm. in two principal diameters. The apertures of the oral and ventral suckers in these (alcoholic) specimens are subeircular. The ovary is situated on the right side and a little way back of the ventral sucker. The intestinal erura are rather small. The excretory vessel was first seen in serial sections as a single, dorsal, thin-walled vessel in the vicinity of the testes (Fig. 5). Behind the termination of the intestinal crura its walls become a little thicker and somewhat folded (Fig. 6). At the terminal pore the walls are thick and globu- lar (Fig. 7). Five specimens (No. 4845, U.S.N.M.) from intestine of the lake sturgeon (Acipenser rubicundus); J. W. Milner, collector. 15. DISTOMUM VELIPORUM Creplin (?). Distomum veliporum DIESING, Syst. Helm., I, p. 347.—Oxsson, Lund’s Univ. Arsskrift, IV, pp. 22-24; Bidrag., p. 13. _ One specimen, a fragment, the posterior part of a distomum broken in two immediately in front of ventral sucker, agrees pretty well with 522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. descriptions of the above species. Dimensions: Length, 20 mm.; breadth at ventral sucker, 3; thickness at ventral sucker, 2.75; maxi- mum breadth, 5.2; diameter near posterior end, 1.5; longitudinal diam- eter of aperture of ventral sucker, 1.4; transverse diameter of same, 0.8. Body elongated sublinear, depressed unarmed, transversely rugose, posteriorly attenuate. The neck had evidently been reflected dorsally nearly at right angles to body. For about 6.5 mm. back of the ventral sucker the body was filled with the voluminous folds of the uterus, the latter crowded with ova. Long diameter of ova, 0.076 mm.; short diameter, 0.052. Fragment of large distomum from stomach of barndoor skate (Raja levis). No. 4870, U.S.N.M.; Woods Holl, Massachusetts, November 4, _ 1887; Vinal N. Edwaids, collector. 16. DISTOMUM MACROCOTYLE Diesing. (Plates XLV, figs. 8-10; XLVI, figs. 1-5.) Distomum macrocotyle DIESING, Revis d. Myzhelm, p. 342.—OLsson, Lund’s Univ. Arsskrift, IV, p. 24, pl. v, figs. 100, 101.—Srossicu, Dist. d. Pese., p. 20.—MonNrTICELLI, Nat. Sicil. An., XII, 1895, p. 10-(extract). 3ody unarmed, round, straightish, attenuate both posteriorly and anteriorly, linear-fusiform. Neck slender-conical, reflexed, sometimes arched. Mouth subterminal, aperture transverse, in alcoholic speci- mens, said to be circular in life. Ventral sucker very prominent, globose, sessile twice the diameter of the oral sucker, aperture longi- tudinally elliptical in aleohol, circular in life. Genital aperture in anterior part of neck near oral sucker. Testes two, large, behind ven- tral sucker, ventrally placed. Ovary about the middle of the post acetabular region of the body. Greater part of body filled with the folds of the uterus, which are crowded with small ova. Sixteen of these worms (No. 4854, U.S.N.M.) were found in a lot of Distoma from the intestine of Mola mola, off Marthas Vineyard, Massa- chusetts, September 10, 1886; Vinal N. Edwards, collector. Fig. 9 was made from the inner aspect of the left half of a speci- men which had been split in two longitudinally. It reveals many folds of the uterus, both dorsally and ventrally placed, with an anterior prolongation dorsal in the neck. Some folds of the vas deferens are seen lying above the ventral sucker. The vitellaria are axially situated, extending from the ventral sucker to about the posterior fifth. The cirrus bulb is seen lying close behind the oral sucker. One of the larger specimens yielded the following measurements: Length, 14 mm.; maximum diameter of body, 1.7; diameter of neck, 0.88; distance between suckers, 1.7; diameter of ventral sucker, 1.4; diameter of oral sucker, 0.65: transverse diameter of oral aperture, 0.35; longitudinal diameter of oral aperture, 0.11. The ova measure 0.025 and 0.017 mn, in the two principal diameters. Transverse and longitudinal series of sections were prepared and No. 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 523 compared with similar series of D. nigroflavum and D. foliatum. The vitellaria were found to be most strongly developed above and in front of the ventral sucker, extending through the neck dorsally and axially nearly as far as the oral sucker, sparsely scattered through the body as far back as the ovary. Doubtless in younger specimens the vitellaria are more conspicuous organs than in the sectioned individuals, the larger part of whose bodies was filled with ripe ova. The testes lie close together, one immediately following the other, the anterior one a little toward the left, the posterior one a little toward the right side of the body, and the former close behind the ventral sucker. They are ventrally placed and oval in shape. The anterior 1.07 and the posterior 1.04 mm. in length. The seminal receptacle lies in voluminous folds above and in front of the ventral sucker. The vas deferens traverses a large prostate gland and ends in a relatively small cirrus immediately behind the oral sucker. At the base of the cirrus ‘the vas deferens is joined by the uterus, which traverses the ventral region of the neck. The ovary is subglobular in shape, about 0.84 mm. in diameter, lies about the middle of the post acetabular region; on its anterior border, and lying toward the right side of the body is the shell gland (0.37 nm. in diameter), not shown in fig. 9, which was made from the left side. The posterior part of the body in the sections is filled with the volumi- nous folds of the uterus, which are crowded with ova. The character- istic rami of the longitudinal vessels of the body proper, as well as those of the neck, are shown in Plates XLV, fig.10; XLVI, fig. 1. The vessels are peculiar in being variously branched. They are filled with finely granular materal, as is the case in D. nigroflavum and D. foliatum. A tew minute tetragonal crystals were observed in the contents of these vessels. The branching vessels of the posterior part of the body appear to communicate with a common posterior sinus which opens to the exterior by a terminal pore. I was unable in my sections to demonstrate any communication between these vessels and the pharynx. They certainly have their origin in front of that organ. They agree in structure with intestinal crura, but otherwise resemble excretory vessels. ® 17. DISTOMUM GRACILE Diesing. (Plate XLVI, figs. 6-8.) Clinostomum gracile LEIDY, Proc. Acad. Phil., VIII (1856), p. 45. 99 Distomum gracile DiesInG, Revis. d. Myzhelm, p. 336.—WriGutr, Contrib. to Amer. Helm., pp. 9, 10. s0dy oblong-elliptical, in dorsal or ventral view, with slight constrie- tion opposite ventral sucker, compressed; neck short, convex above, concave below. Head obliquely truncate, oral sucker situated at the bottom of a shallow depression and surrounded in front by a prominent border, from whieh a lip-like projection extends back over the anterior edge of the sucker; aperture of oral sucker circular; esophagus none, pharynx oval. Ventral sucker globular, much larger than oral sucker, 524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. with triangular aperture. Crura of intestines voluminous, sacculated, much inflated posteriorly. Testes two oblong masses placed trans- versely about midway between the ventral sucker and the posterior end, and separated from each other by what I take to be the rudimentary ovary,a portion of the seminiferous vessels and some of the uterine folds. What appears to be the cirrus pouch lies immediately in front of the anterior testes and a little to the right. A median vessel, with walls of cuboid nucleated cells, which appears to be an anterior prolongation of the developing uterus, lies along the median line from near the orifice of the cirrus pouch nearly to the ventral sucker. It receives a tube of similar appearance and histological structure, which originates between the testes and passes around the left end of the anterior testes. The vitellaria are indicated by granular clusters, which extend from the posterior end nearly to the ventral sucker. These specimens, at least the one figured (Fig. 6), upon which the above description is based, appear to be further developed than Wright’s specimens and confirm his conjecture as to the probable adult form of this species. The disposition of the reproductive organs here made out for Distomum gracile leaves little doubt that it is very closely related to Distomum heterostomum, Wright! describes and figures a distomumn which he refers provisionally to D. heterostomum Rudolphi, and which he has found in the mouth of the American bittern (Botaurus minor Gmelin), that may indeed be the adult form of D. gracile. [have found five specimens of the above Distomum in the National Museum colleetion (No. 4851, U.S.N.M.). The vial contained pieces of liver of the host Lepomis auritus, with numerous small, encapsuled trem. atodes (Diplostomum cuticole), and one leech (Lehthyobdella sp.). Three of the examples were encapsuled and two free. The encapsuled speci- meus were folded with the ventral surface out. Another specimen (Fig. 7), No. 4850, U.S. N. M., was found in a vial containing leeches (Jchthyobdella sp.) from the gills, roof of the mouth, and under the pectoral fins of Hupomotis pallidus and Chanobryttus gulosus; collected by Mr. N. A. Harvey, Kansas City, Missouri. This specimen, alcoholic, had the following dimensions: Length, 4.5 mm.; breadth at anterior sucker, 0.92; breadth at ventral sucker, 1.15; maximum breadth, 1.5; diameter of oral sucker, 0.27; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.75. 18. DISTOMUM LAGENIFORME, new species. (Plate XLVII, figs. 1, 2.) The following description is based ona single specimen from the body cavity of Remora remora; Woods Holl, Massachusetts, August 1, 1887. The living worm (Fig. 1) was approximately 20 mm. in length and 6 in greatest breadth, long, oval in outline, neck nearly cylindrical at ‘Contrib. to Amer. Helm., pp. 3-6, figs. 1, 2. NO. 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 525 anterior end, body otherwise flattened but quite thick. The color at first was purplish merging into orange-red. When placed in sea-water it voided enough dark-colored material to color the water in a small dish dark-brown. Having a quantity of more fragile material to examine, this specimen was left in water for a number of hours. Meantime it had contracted and assumed a very different appearance (Fig. 2). The body was now nearly globular, with large transverse wrinkles on anterior half, the neck protuding like the neck of a water bottle. In dorsal view the body appears somewhat two lobed on account of a shallow longitudinal median depression, Head and neck reddish-yellow in front, merging into a deeper orange-red at base; anterior part of body bright o ran ge- red. Posterior part of the body rich brownish-yellow, neck conical, crossed by fine transverse lines. In ventral view neck coneave in both longitudinal and tranverse direction, with fine transverse lines; mouth at anterior tip, but opening below, elliptical longest diameter longitu- dinal, border with radiating wrinkles. Aperture of ventral sucker irregularly circular, with puckered border, 0.75 min. in diameter. Col- oration beneath nearly like that above, head and neck light orange- yellow in front, merging into orange-red at base and on front of body, becoming light orange-red behind. Type.—No. 4853, U.S.N.M The dimensious of the living specimen, after contraction: Length, 7.25 1nm.; breadthof globular body, 6.75; breadth of head, i. e., at oral sucker, 1.5; breadth of neck at base, immediately in front of ventral sucker, 3;. distance between suckers, centers, 2.6; thickness of body, 5.5. The alcoholic specimen was cut in two by a median longitudinal, dorso-ventral section, and the following points noted: The muscular pharynx follows the oral sucker directly. The cirrus pouch is in the neck, anterior to the ventral sucker; the external opening of the cirrus is apparently just back of the mouth. Behind the ventral sucker the body is crossed by cavities which contain a black or very dark-brown granular substance. No ova were seen. The following dimensions in millimeters were obtained from the alcoholic specimen: Antero-posterior diameter of oral sucker, 1.21; dorso-ventral diameter, 0.93; antero- posterior diameter of ventral sucker, 2; dorso-ventral diameter, 1.4; length of pharynx, 0.74; dorso-ventral diameter of same, 0.63. 19, DISTOMUM SIMPLEX Rudolphi (?). (Plate XLVII, figs. 3-7.) Distomum simplex DUJARDIN, Hist. Nat. d. Helin., 1845, p. 466.—DIESING, Syst. Helm., I, 1850, p.343.—OLsson, Lund’s Univ. Arsskrift, 1868, IV, p. 34, pl. IV, figs. 81, 82.—LEVINSEN, Grénlands Trematodfauna, 1881, p.18, pl. 11, fig. 1.—SrTossicu, Dist. d. Pesc., 1886, p. 30. Body unarmed, depressed, elongated linear, somewhat constricted in the vicinity of the testes, neck short, narrow in front, posterior end rounded. Mouth subterminal, aperture orbicular. Ventral sucker very prominent, twice the diameter of the oral sucker. Gsophagus equal 526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. in length 1 to the pharynx. Vitelline elands large, globose, extending laterally from the tail to the ventral sucker. Testes, two large, remote in the median line. Ovary in front of the testes trilobed on its poste- rior border. Seminal vescicle ovate immediately in front of ovary. Cirrus pouch behind ventral sucker. Genital aperture between phar- ynx and ventral sucker. Ova not numerous, large. Branches of intes- tine extending to posterior end. Excretory vessel single, opening by terminal pore. Length, 3.9mm. | Various authors. | Dujardin! gives the eal 1.25 to 2 mm. for one and 3.6 for another, both of which he refers to this species. A single specimen, No. 4847, U.S.N.M., from the intestine of a Tom- cod (Microgadus tomcod), Woods Holl, Massachusetts, July 25, 1886. yielded during life the following measurements: Length, 1.8 mm.; breadth at anterior sucker, 0.14; breadth at ventral sucker, 0.54. The same specimen, after killing in corrosive sublimate and preservation in aleohol, when placed in acetic acid for examination yielded the fol- lowing measurements in millimeters: Length, 2.45: diameter of oral sucker, 0.15; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.28; diameter of testes, 0.32. In both eases the specimen was subjected to some pressure and conse- quently more or less distorted. The ova in this specimen were few (sixteen), and measured 0.084 and 0.04 in the two principal diameters, Each in acetic acid showed a distinct nucleus near one end (Fig. 4). I refer, also, to this species three lots of Distoma belonging to the United States National Museum collection, all from the sea raven (Hemi- tripterus americanus). Four specimens, No. 4863, U.S.N.M., Woods Holl, Massachusetts, October 12, 1887, V. N. Edwards;. No. 4864, U.S.N.M., same locality and collector, December 1, 1887; 40 specimens, Jasco Bay, 1873; United States Fish Commission. In the first and third the largest specimens are about 2.5 mm. in length. One of these specimens, the second, measures 4.1 mm, in length. The ventral sucker, 0.34 mm. in diameter in one specimen, is very prominent, and in many of the specimens the neck is bent back dorsally, making an acute angle with the body. There is a great diver- sity of shape. The oral sucker, 0.17 mm. in diameter, has a posterior notch. Length of pharynx, 0.10; breadth, 0.07 mm. Vitellaria mainly lateral, but a few median lobes noticed in sections, on a level with the anterior border of the ovary. 20. DISTOMUM PALLENS Rudolphi. (Plate XLVII, figs. 8, 9.) Distomum pallens DUJARDIN, Hist. Nat. d. Heln., p. 457.—Dirsine, Syst. Helin., I, p. 348.—CoBBOLD, Synops. Distom., p. 26.—Carus, Prodr. Faun Medi- terr., I, p. 180.—Srossicu, Dist. d. Pese., p. 31; Bull. Soc. Adriat. Trieste, IX, 1887, (Extract) p. 4. A single specimen, No. 4860, U.S.N.M., of a Distomum found in the intestine of Alutera Bonne and ehigh I refer with some doubt to D. ‘Hist. Nat. d. Helm., 1845, p. 466. bo No. 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. ye pallens Rudolphi, is here described as far as the very limited amount of material will permit. Body subeylindrical, with somewhat rhombic-ovate outline, crossed with minute rugz in anterior and median region. Neck short, conical, minutely papillose on dorsal side, near head. Mouth subterminal, aperture circular.’ Ventral sucker, red, nearly twice the diameter of the oral sucker, prominent, aperture transverse. Viteilaria lateral in - posterior half, yellow in life. Testes situated about posterior fourth, opaque white. Uterus with rather numerous ova colored deep brown, and situated in amass immediately behind the ventral sucker. Branches of intestine extend to near posterior end. The following dimensions were obtained from measurements of the living specimen, slightly compressed: Length, 5.10 mm.:; breadth, ante- rior, 0.40; breadth, median, 0.86; breadth, posterior, 0.60; diameter of oral sucker, 0.24; diameter of posterior sucker, 0.46; distance between suckers, center's, 0.68. In the aleoholic specimen the dimensions of the suckers were unchanged from what they were in life and the pharynx measured 0,154 mm. in length and 0.168 in breadth. The ova measure 0.067 mm. in length and 0.034 in breadth. I find no mention of papille or rugve in my notes made at the time of collecting. The alcoholic specimen, however, is crossed by minute rugze and the anterior region is minutely and, at least opposite the oral sucker on the dorsal surface, denseiy papillose. Found in Alutera schepfii; Woods Holl, Massachusetts, July 24, 1887. 21. DISTOMUM VALDEINFLATUM Stossich. (Plates XLVII, figs. 10-14; XLVIII, figs. 1, 2.) Distomum valdeinfatum Srossicu, Bull. Soc. Adriat. Trieste, VIII, 1883, p. 114, pl. 1, fig. 4.—Carus, Prodr. Faune Mediterr., I, 1884, p. 127.—Srossicu, Dist. d. Pese., 1886, p. 35. Body terete, subspherical behind; neck long, cylindrical, covered with spines which are evanescent toward the posterior part of the body; os terminal; acetabulum sessile larger than oral sucker, at the base of the neck. Head cercinate, armed with a double crown of hooks, sixteen hooks in each, those of the anterior circle the stronger. No. 4869, U.S.N.M. Length, 2.5 to 3 mm. lrefer to this species certain Distoma found inclosed in globular cap- sules and attached, usually by a slender peduncle, to the peritoneum of the host, Alutera schepfii. . The capsules consisted of an outer cyst of connective tissue contain- ing a thin hyaline sae in which lay a larval Distomum. The posterior end of the latter was swollen and globular and when compressed, in a living specimen, was seen to be filled with white food-material (paren- chyma), which was in communication with the posterior ends of the intestine. 528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. In specimens which had been killed in corrosive sublimate and pre- served in alcohol, the embryos were found to be surrounded by coagu- lated material, which easily separated from them. One case was noticed where the whole cyst had degenerated into tough, yellowish, concentric layers. Two capsules (alcoholic) measured 1.75 mm. and 2.4 in diameter, respectively. Body subeylindrical; neck short; densely covered with short, sub- triangular spines. Oral aperture transverse, somewhat triangular, surrounded by oblong, stoutish spines. The latter are somewhat obscurely arranged in two rows; this is most evident at the anterior border. Of these oral spines the lateral are longest. Their number, in maturest specimens, is about thirty-four. The ventral sucker is larger than the oral; the pharynx is oblong-pyriform, muscular, nearer ventral than oral sucker; the branches of the intestine capacious. The following measurements were made of an alcoholic specimen: Length, including terminal globular sac, 2 mm.; diameter of head, 0.38; diameter of neck, 0.28; diameter at ventral sucker, 0.60; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.50; breadth of oral aperture, 0.19; length of pharynx, 0.22; breadth of pharynx, 0.16; length of longest oral spines, 0.16. Transverse sections showed a cirrus in front of and dorsal to ventral sucker, which was 0.018 mm. in diameter near its extremity,and appar- ently about 0.11 in length. In sections, maximum diameter of ventral sucker, 0.43; other diaineters of same, 0.25; diameter of oral sucker, 0.26. These embryos bear much resemblance to adult Distoma foundin Roe- cus lineatus, D. tenue, and may indeed be identical. Found in peritoneum of Alutera schepfit, numerous; Woods Holl, Massachusetts, August 5, 1889. 22. DISTOMUM CONTORTUM Rudolphi. (Plate XLVIII, figs. 3-7.) Distomum contortum DUJARDIN, Hist. Nat. d. Helm., 1845, p. 469.—DIESING, Syst. Helm., I, 1850, p. 394; Sitzungsb. Weiner Akad., XXXII, 1858, p. 3353.— CoBBOLD, Synops. Distom., 1859, p. 29—OLsson, Lund’s. Univ. Arsskrift, IV, 1868, p. 39, pl. v, figs. 104, 105; Bidrag. t. Skandin. Helminthf., 1876, p.17.—Carus, Prodr. Faunae Mediterr., I, 1884, p. 126.—Srossicu, Dist. d. Pese., 1886, p. 40.—SoNnsrno, Proc. Verb. d. Soc. Tose. d. Sci. Nat., 1890, p. 3 (extract). Twelve specimens in the United States National Museum collection No. 4848. Name of host not given, probably Mola mola. The label in the bottle reads: “Station ?, 1886, U. S. Fish Commission.” I do not find any mention made of the very peculiar spines which characterize these specimens in any of the descriptions of D. contortum which I have read. For this reason alone I am in some doubt as to whether they should be identified as D. contortum or referred to a new species. The twelve specimens were felted together in a single mass, the indi- "No, 1153. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON,. 529 viduals holding on to one another by their ventral suckers. When separated from this tangled mass, they were found to be much distorted. Where a ventral sucker of one individual had been applied to the body of another, there was a knob-like protuberance which represented the portion that had been embraced by the sucker. Sometimes the bodies and sometimes the necks were strangulated to a slender filament where they had been compressed. Fortunately, two or three worms were found which had not been distorted in any other way than by contrae- tion. ‘The ventral suckers were globular, prominent, and in some cases decidedly pediceled. Those which were not distinetly pediceled showed by their wrinkled condition that they were capable of considerable extelsion. Body cylindrical, transversely wrinkled (a contraction character), tapering from median region in each direction, but most posteriorly. Posterior end somewhat bluntly pointed; greatest diameter back of ventral sucker. Neck rather short, arcuate excavated on ventral sur- face, convex on dorsal surface. Dorsal surface and lateral margins armed with spheroidal tuberculate spines. Ventral sucker much larger than oral, aperture about twice the diameter of the mouth. Slight constriction back of oral sucker, making a rounded head. Oral aper- ture subterminal, with flat spines surrounding it on inner margin, with lip projecting anteriorly in a blunt point. The subglobose head with sparse spines on dorsal surface. Genital aperture immediately behind mouth. The dark-brown branching vitellaria show through the body wall along the sides, from a little in front of the posterior end to a point about halfway between the posterior end and the ventral sucker. The anterior portion of the body, including the ventral sucker and neck, yellowish white... The cwsophagus opens by a conical papilla into the oral sucker. (Figs. 4, 6.) This papilla is 0.22 mm. in length, 0.14 and 0.08 in diameter at base and apex, respectively. There are twenty flat spines, more or less, on the inner margin of the oral aperture. The Spines on the neck are spheroidal, with from four to six small round tubercles pointing posteriorly and postero-laterally. (Fig. 5.) The specimens were so much distorted that the measurements ob- tained can not be of much service. One of the least distorted exam- ples yielded the following measurements: Length, 8 mm.; diameter of head, 0.3; diameter of body at ventral sucker, 0.55; greatest diameter, 0.72; diameter at posterior end, 0.2; longitudinal diameter of oral sucker, 0.6; longitudinal diameter of ventral sucker, 0.7; diameter of oral aperture, 0.15; diameter of ventral aperture, 0.3; length of neck, to middle of ventral sucker, 1.6. Measurements made of specimen lying on its side. . % , s WT Rae Three ova measured 0.036, 0.033, and 0.030 mm., respectively, in length, and 0.020 in shorter diameter. | The longest of these specimens measured about 12 mm. in length, but had been capable, evidently. of much greater elongation. 34 Proce. N. M. vol. xx 530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX Testes two, close together, one following the other, just back of the constriction of the body behind the ventral sucker. In the specimen sectioned they lay somewhat toward the left side. The ovary follows the posterior testis closely, lies rather more toward the right side of the body than the testes and dorsal. The shell gland is on its anterior border. The vitellaria are not very abundant in this (mature) speci- men. They are for the most part lateral and dorsal, but are also scat- tered among the folds of the uterus, from the vicinity of the testes to, near the posterior end. In younger stages of the worm these glands are probably very voluminous. They are reddish-brown in carmine- stained sections. The anterior tube of the uterus lies on the ventral side of the neck and joins the cirrus at its base. The vas deferens is very voluminous. Its convolutions lie dorsally and extend from the middle of the neck to near its base. The seminal receptacle is also very voluminous, lying at the base of the neck, and dorsal to the ven- tral sucker. The intestinal crura are very distinct, thick walled, and extend to near the posterior end of the body. The excretory vessels (Fig. 7) were seen only near the posterior end of the body, the two uniting in a single vessel, which lies between the terminal portions of the intestinal crura and ends in a terminal pore. The uterus, filled with ova, occupies the greater part of the body back of the ovary. The museulature of the ventral body-wall back of the ventral sucker is very strongly developed. 23. DISTOMUM NIGROFLAVUM Rudolphi. (Plates XLVIII, figs. 8-11; XLIX, figs. 1, 2.) Distomum nigroflavum DusarvIn, Hist. Nat. d. Helm., 1845, p. 469.—Dimsina, Syst. Helm., I, 1850, p. 394; Sitzungsb. Wiener Akad., XXXII, 1858, p. 353.— COBBOLD, Synops. Distom., 1859, p. 29.—OLsson, Lund’s Univ. Arsskrift, IV, p. 25, pl. v, figs. 102, 103.—Cakrus, Prodr. Faun: Mediterr., I, 1884, p. 126.—Srossicu, Dist. d. Pese., 1886, p. 40.—Sonsino, Notizie di trematodi. str. d. Proc. Verb. Soc. Tose. Sci. Nat., 1890, p. 4. In a lot of Distoma (No. 4857, U.S.N.M.) from the intestine of the sunfish (Mola mola) I find three distinct kinds, which I have referred to the following species: D. nigroflavum Rudolphi, D. macrocotyle Diesing, and PD. foliatum mihi. I have not had an opportunity of studying specimens in life, and therefore do not know what difference may exist in the living specimens. The alcoholic specimens possess a general superficial likeness, especially D. nigroflavum and D, foliatum; but while there is a very considerable variation of size and shape, the three species stand stiffly apart from each other. Body cylindrical, linear, often much contorted in a dorso-ventral plane; neck short, cylindrical, usually reflected dorsally. Mouth ter- minal. Ventral sucker larger than oral, pedicellate; the pedicel some- times narrow and contracted, sometimes swollen and containing folds of the uterus. Reproductive aperture about middle of under side of neck; cirrus, everted in several cases, rather stout with a swollen base. The _ NO. 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 531 testes are two, elliptical, situated about the middle of the post-acetabu- Jar region. In one example they were contiguous; in others they were removed from each other by a space a little less than the length ofa single testes. In the more mature specimens the testes are remote. The testes in one specimen measured 1.12 and 1.03 mmn., respectively, and the ovary was about 1 mm. back of the posterior testis. The vas deferens and seminal receptacle lie in voluminous folds behind and above ventral sucker. The uterus is very long and occupies the greater part of the body from the ventral sucker nearly to the posterior end, and is crowded with ova, which are 0.03 and 0.02 mm. in their two principal diameters. No-spines of any kind were noticed either on the neck or on the lips of the ventral sucker. Since the spines of D. nigroflavum are said to be deciduous, this is a difference that must not be made too muchof. The specimens were of various lengths: the largest measured 35 mm, in length and 1.12 indiameter. The specimens were variously contracted and distorted, especially about the anterior end. The vitellaria are in slender thread-like folds, seen in transverse sections to be rather centrally situated, except where crowded to one side by the testes. They are reddish-brown, in sections stained with borax carmine, and lie between the anterior edge of the ovary and the ventral sucker. The ovary, in sections, is seen to be made up of nucleated cells which appear to be polygonal, usually hexagonal, especially in the central portions. These cells are about 0.017 mm. in diameter. The shell-gland is an oval body lying adjacent to the front edge of the ovary and is about one-third the diameter of that organ. The lumens of the longitudinal vessels, especially in the anterior part of the body, are filled with a fine granular substance, brown in color, and, when highly magnified, is seen to have minute tetragonal crystals scattered through it. On account of the irregular contraction of the body and of the vessels themselves, the granular contents are in places gathered into masses of considerable relative size. Toward the pos- terior end of the body the vessels, in all individuals sectioned, were empty. Behind the ovary the body is largely occupied by the folds of the uterus. Certain glandular bodies, which lie adjacentto the folds of the seminal receptacle behind the ventral sucker (Fig. 11) and contain numerous nucleated cells, appear to be continuous with the prostatic cells which surround the vas deferens, near the base of the cirrus pouch, at which place the uterus joins the vas deferens. These organs have the same relative arrangement as the corresponding organs in D. macrocotyle. (Plate XLVI, fig. 5.) The cirrus is relatively larger and not situated so close to the oral sucker; and the seminal receptacles are behind instead of above and in front of the ventral sucker. Found in intestines of Mola mola, thirteen specimens; off Marthas Vineyard, September 10, 1886. Collected by Vinal N. Edwards. Haz PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 24. DISTOMUM FOLIATUM, new species. (Plates XLIX, figs. 3-5; L, figs. 1-3; LI, figs. 1-4.) Type.—No. 4849, U.S.N.M. Body eylindrical, somewhat linear, but with constrictions and enlargements, much contorted in alcoholic specimens (not seen living). Neck usually arcuate, strongly reflected. Mouth ringent, aperture transverse directed downward, upper lip pro- jecting. Dorsum of head and neck with crest of (six or eight) nodular eminences, which were white in alcoholic specimens; seen in sections to consist of strong museular fibers, as in the pharynx and suckers. Ventral sucker consisting of four foliate flaps (Plates XLIX, fig. 3; L, figs. 1-3; pedicellate, the pedicel variable, usually greatly swollen and containing voluminous folds of the uterus, vitellaria, and seminal recep- tacle, in some cases separated by a constriction from the body. (Plate L, fig. 2.) In most cases there is a profound constriction of the body immediately behind tlie ventral sucker. The pedicel is sometimes directed forward, continuing the general direction of the axis of the body; in other cases it is at right angles to the body and continues the general direction of the axis of the neck. The specimens studied were all mature, and the very voluminous folds of the uterus filled the body from a short way behind the oral sucker to near the posterior end of the body. Tle uterus was crowded with small elliptical ova. The c@sophagus is very short; the pharynx oblong, its length exceeding half the diameter of the oral sucker. The cirrus bulb is relatively small and lies near ven- tral surface of the neck, but a short distance back of the oral sucker, the genital aperture being on a leval with the anterior end of the pharynx. The anterior duct of the uterus along ventral side of neck; seminal receptacle in voluminous folds in pedicel and nearly whole length of neck. Testes two, large, lying a little im front of the post- acetabular region of the body. Vitellaria distributed from a point just behind the oral sucker as far back as the ovary, most abundant in neck and in constricted part of body between ventral sucker and anterior testis, reddish-brown in carmine-stained sections. Dimensions are not of much value in the identification of forms of such extremely variable contractile shapes, and the measurements here given must be expected to differ greatly from those of living specimens. The largest measured at least as much as 16 mm. in length. A medium-sized specimen yielded the following measurements: Length, 12 mm.; length of neck, 2.54; length of oral sucker, 0.82; depth of oral sucker, side view, 0.65; diameter of neck, 0.85; maxi- mum diameter of body, 1.28; minimum diameter of body, 0.6; diame- ter of ventral sucker, 1.9; length of cesophagus, 0.09; length of pharynx, 0.458. Average diameters of ova, 0.032 and 0.022 in the two principal directions. An examination of a good series of transverse sections revealed many interesting details, the more important of which are here recorded. The connection between the cesophagus and the intestinal crura was not NO. 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 533 demonstrated; what appeared to be a left branch of the c@sophagus was traced for some distance, about half the length of the neck. In this minute vessel which leads back from the pharynx several nucle- ated cells, oval in shape, and about 0.01 mm. in length, were observed, which I take to be the red blood-corpuscles of the host. What are taken to be branches of the intestine in this species, and in the related species D. nigroflavum and D. macrocotyle, begin as two small lateral vessels on either side of the neck on a level with the pharynx but not communicating with it (Plate LI, fig. 3, 7. 7.); at least I was unable to demonstrate any communication in my sections. They are irregular in dimensions, becoming much enlarged in some portions of the body, so that the transverse sections of the two vessels constitute more than half the area of the entire section of the body. At such places they are filled with a finely granular substance, light brown in color, in car- mine-stained sections. A few of the tetragonal crystals observed in the corresponding vessels of D). nigroflavum and D. macrocotyle were seen in these. In addition to the very voluminous tubular seminal receptacle which extends from the pedicel of the ventral sucker to near the anterior end of the neck, a posterior seminal receptacle was observed between the shell-gland and the posterior testis. The vas deferens and uterus have the same general plan as in the two related species, but the prostatic gland traversed by the former is not so large as in D. macrocotyle. The ovary in one specimen measured 0.45 mm. in diameter and was situated 0.28 mm. back of the posterior testis. The shell-gland was Situated adjacent to the anterior edge of the ovary, toward the right side, and was 0.23 mm. in diameter. In another the ovary was 0.53 and the shell-gland 0.21 mm. in diameter. The ovary consisted of polygonal nucleated cells, as in D. nigroflavum and D. macrocotyle. The testes in two specimens which were cut into series of longitudinal sections presented the following individual differences: In one speci- men the length of the anterior testis was 1.02 mmn., that of the poste- rior testis 0.74, the former situated toward the right and the latter toward the left side of the body. In the other specimen these condi. tions were 1eversed, i. e., the length of the anterior testes was 0.68, that of the posterior testes 0.80, while the former was situated toward the left and the latter toward the right side of the body. One must conclude from these facts that relative position of internal organs in these forms, within certain not too narrow limits, does not supply sate criteria for establishing specific differences. Olsson represents, in a longitudinal section of the neck of D. nigro- flavum, what he regards as glands of doubtful significance (Plate LI, fig. 2.) This structure is identical in position with the nuchal crest of D. foliatumn. Thirty specimens of this remarkable worm were found in a lot of dis- toma from the intestine of the sunfish (J/ola mola), taken off Marthas Vineyard, September 10, 1886. Vinal N. Edwards, collector. ‘ 534 These forms have many points of resemblance with D. nigroflavum and indeed agree with the descriptions of that species in one or two particulars in which the specimens referred to that species fail to agree, notably in the prominent upper lip and the position of the genital aperture. Whatever may be the proper disposition of these two forms as to designation, there is no doubt in my mind as to their belonging to different species. The thirty specimens of D. foliatum and the thirteen specimens of D. nigroflavum, although presenting the greatest diversity among themselves, make two distinct groups with absolutely no hint of intermediate forms. The Distoma of Mola would well repay a careful study. Hither they constitute a number of distinct species related to each other in a remarkable way, or a few species capable of the most astonishing variation, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 25. DISTOMUM NITENS, new species. (Plates LI, figs. 5,6; LII, fig. 1.) 30dy terete, linear, moderately attenuate both posteriorly and ante- riorly, neck about one-third entire length, conical, variable with state of contraction, armed with exceedingly minute bristle like spines; mouth subterminal, ventral sucker larger than oral, promiment with transverse aperture. Pharynx prominent, cesophagus short and broad. Cirrus pouch in front of ventral sucker and on right side inclosing a part of the vas deferens within its muscular walls; repro- ductive aperture between oral and ventral suckers. Vitellaria a num- ber of roundish masses distributed laterally along the middle region of the body. Ovary not far back of ventral sucker, globular; testes two, rather large, situated side by side about the middle of the body or a little back of the middle. Uterus very voluminous, its folds filling all the posterior third of the body and the greater part of the middle third filled with small elliptical ova, about 0.033 and 0.018 mm. in the two principal diameters. Type.—No. 4858, U.S.N.M. Found in intestine of Tylosurus caribbeus, two specimens; Woods Holl, Massachusetts, July 27, 1586. The following measurements were made on a living specimen: Length, 2.38 mm.; diameter anterior, 0.28; diameter behind ventral sucker, 0.6; diameter at posterior end, 0.1; diameter of oral sucker, 0.028; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.4; distance between suckers, 0.6. The two specimens had been subjected to some pressure during the preliminary exainination, during which they became much altered in dimensions from the foregoing. The sketch (Fig. 5) as well as the description given above was based on the distorted specimens. The alcoholic specimens measured 5 and 5.5 mm. in length, respectively. Other dimensions of the larger: Median breadth, 1.12 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.47; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.66; diameter ot pharynx, 0.41; distance between suckers, 1.04; diameter of ovary, 0.45; No. 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 535 pouch, 0.26, The thin-walled intestinal traets extend to within about 1 mm. of the posterior end of a specimen 5 mm. in length. 26. DISTOMUM TENUE, new species. (Plate LIT, figs. 2-8.) Head disciform, surrounded by a double row of spines; mouth ter- minal, triangular, at times appearing circular from invagination of its border; neck cylindrical attenuate in front of pharynx; neck and ante- rior part of body closely beset with short triangular spines, becoming sparse or even entirely wanting toward posterior end of body. Body rather slender, linear-lanceolate, slightly depressed. Ventral sucker prominent, sessile at base of neck, much larger than oral sucker, with circular aperture. Vharynx large, remote from head, wsophagus of good length, rather slender, tubular, branches of intestine capacious. Genital aperture in front of ventral sucker. Testes situated toward posterior end of body. Folds of uterus mainly near center of body; ova rather large, elliptical. The foregoing is a description of a species of Distomum found at two different times in the striped bass (Roccus lineatus). This species, it will be observed, possesses many characters common to D, cesticillus Molin, but is very much smaller than that species besides occurring in avery different host. There appear to be twenty-one spines in each row surrounding the mouth, the spines of one row alternating with those of the other. These are conical and slightly recurved. In some specimens, kept in water over night, the part bearing these two rows of spines became invaginated so as to conceal them. The mouth in fresh specimens had three toothlike folds within the sucker. The spines on the body are short, triangular, appressed. Immediately back of the oral armature there is a brief interval which is without spines. The spines on the neck are arranged symmetrically in transverse rows. They become smaller in the vicinity of the ventral sucker, back of it they are still smaller, while the posterior part of the body is smooth, or very sparsely covered with minute spines. Types.—Nos. 4866, 4867, U.S.N.M. Length of oral spines, 0.051; breadth at base, 0.018 min.; length of spines on neck, 0.025; breadth at base, 0.014; length of spines near posterior end, 0.007; breadth, 0.002. The first five or six transverse rows of spines on the neck are broken for a short interval on the ven- tral side. (Fig. 3.) The csophagus is pyriform, its larger end lying near the anterior margin of the ventral sucker; m one specimen, living, somewhat dis- torted by compression; the length of the cesophagus was 0.44, its max- imum diameter 0.34 1m. 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. The vitellaria are voluminous, peripheral in posterior region. Geni- tal aperture immediately in front of ventral sucker. The ova were not numerous in any of the specimens examined and comparatively large. They were for the most part seen lying close behind the ventral sucker, — though a few were seen in the uterus near the reproductive aperture — in front of that organ; long diameter of ova, 0.088; short diameter, 0.044 min.; length of posterior testis, 0.27; length of anterior testis, 0.24; length of ovary, 0.12. The following dimensions are of a living example slightly compressed : Length, 2.9; breadth, anterior, 0.28; at ventral sucker, 0.6; near pos- terior end, 0.54; diameter of oral sucker, 0.26; of ventral sucker, 9.48. In one lot the specimens in life varied from 1.4 to 3.6 mm. in length. They were very variable in shape. Found in rectum of Roccus lineatus; Woods Holl, Massachusetts, August 18, 1887, and August 3, 1889; rather numerous. 27. DISTOMOM TENUE TENUISSIME, new subspecies. (Plate LI], figs. 9-12.) Body slender, linear or linear-lanceolate, slightly depressed; mouth terminal armed with spines, which appear to be evanescent: neck attenuate, somewhat concave below, crossed by fine transverse lines, with evanescent spines; pharynx large, nearer ventral than anterior sucker; ventral sucker nearly twice the diameter of oral sucker, both with cirewlar apertures. Testes large, in posterior third of body, vitel- laria voluminous, in posterior two-thirds of body, obscuring other organs; reproductive aperture in front of ventral sucker. Ova col- lected in mass near center of body, as much as 0.11 mm. in length and 0.06 in shorter diameter. Type.—No. 4865, U.S.N.M. Two specimens, 3.75 and 4.5 mm. in length, respectively, from the peritoneum of the white perch (Morone americana), while resembling PD. tenue in many particulars do not admit of classification with that species. This most obvious difference is the much more slender habit of body of the specimens from M. americana. These specimens are mature and have nearly smooth bodies. They have lost some of the oral spines also. An examination of more abundant material might warrant the union of the two varieties in the species D. tenuwe. The ova are rather numerous and very irregular in size, an average of several measurements made of ova from the largest specimen was, long diameter, 0.095, short diameter, 0.058 mm.; the smallest seen meas- ured 0.04 by 0.026 in the two principal diameters. The ova in one of the specimens were observed to be undergoing segmentation. The following dimensions are of an alcoholic specimen: Length, 3.15 mim.; diameter of oral sueker, 0.14; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.34; distance between suckers, 0.67; length of pharynx, 0.28; diameter of NO. 1183. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 5 ( eh. pharynx, 0.14; maximum diameter of body, 0.52; diameter at posterior end, 0.22; length of oral spines (weak and indistinct), about 0.04, Found in the peritoneum of Morone americana; Woods Holl, Massa- chusetts, September 2, 1885. CYSTS WITH TREMATODE OVA. Nos. 4865, 5503, U.S.N.M. Associated with the two Distoma from the white perch (Morone americana) were numerous minute cysts accom- panied with patches of dark-brown pigment, on the serous covering of the liver, mesentery, ete. Upon examination there were found the remains of a distomum, little more than the convoluted uterus packed with ova. The latter were small, 0.018 and 0,012 mm. in the two prin- cipal diameters. Scattered through the serous inembrane were numer- ous globular cysts, with thick walls of connective tissue, each containing one or more of these ova. Some of the cysts seem to have formed around a cluster of ova. One cyst containing two ova measured 0.048 and 0.04 mm. in its two principal diameters; another, globular, 0.053 mm. in diameter contained three ova; another with five ova was 0.06 in diameter; the walls of the cysts are relatively thick, in the last case being 0.017. One large cyst, containing approximately fifty ova, was 0.11 and 0.08 in its two principal diameters. Some ova were found in the serous membrane without cyst, others with cysts just beginning, and others with well-developed thick-walled cysts. Some of the larger cysts contained black pigment patches asso- ciated with the ova. There were also patches of pigment in the serous membrane. A diseased ovary of a white perch (M. americana), collected by Mr. S. E. Meek, Fulton Market, New York City, October 6, 1886, from a fish taken somewhere in Long Island, New York, may be noticed properly in this connection. The center of the ovary is occupied by an elongated mass of waxy consistency and appearance. This mass is made up of the tissue of the ovary, ova, and connective tissue,and cysts containing parasites, which in most cases have undergone degeneration, but in a few cases revealed ova identical in size and appearace with those from the serous coat of the liver, etc., described above. My conclusion is that these waxy masses (42 mm. long and 14 mm. thick) are caused by the presence of trematodes, whose ova not having been liberated and allowed to come under conditions where development would take place, have become enecysted and given rise to this patho- logical condition of the ovaries. 28. DISTOMUM species. (Plate LITII, figs. 1, 2.) Body elliptical, or ovate oblong a little depressed, smooth. Oral sucker orbicular, squarish, situated a short distance back of anterior end. Ventral sucker a little less than oral sucker. Aperture of both 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. suckers circular. Testes two, large, close together, a little back of imid- dle of body. Vitellaria filling body behind testes and extending tor- ward along each side to and beyond the ventral sucker. Uterus lying in a few folds in front of anterior testis. Ova not very numerous. One specimen (No. 5504, U.S.N.M.) was obtained from the intestine ot Lagocephalis levigatus, Woods Holl, Massachusetts (Narragansett Bay), July 22, 1887. The alcoholic specimen was found to be in poor condition and these notes are made up from a few notes and an incomplete sketch made at the time of collecting. The dimensions of the living worm: Length, 2.5 mm.; diameter of oral sucker, 0.24; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.24; distance between suckers, 0.41; breadth of body at oral sucker, 0.68; breadth at ventral sucker, 0.83; maximum breadth of body, 1.04. The ova were not meas- ured in the living specimen. In the preserved specimen they were much collapsed, so that satisfactory measurements could not be ob- tained. The ova measured 0.066 and 0.051 in length, respectively, and 0.035 in shorter diameter; another which appeared to be surrounded by a thin pellicle measured 0.035 and 0,022 in the two principal diameters. 29. DISTOMUM RACHION Ccbbold (?). (Plate LIII, figs. 3-7.) Distomum rachion COBBOLD, Trans. Lin. Soc., XXII, p. 158, pl. XX XI, figs. 9, 10.— Srossicu, Dist. d. Pese., p. 43. It has the following dimensions: Length, 3 mm.; diameter, anterior, 0.5; median, 0.55; posterior, 0.2; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.18; aper- ture, 0.09; diameter of oral sucker, 0.3; aperture, 0.16; length of phar- ynx, 0.2; diameter, 0.14; length of sophagus, 0.1. ; The specimen has about as many points of agreement with descrip- tions of D. areolatwm Rudolphi, as with those of D. rachion. It ap- pears, however, to be nearer the latter than the former, and since its agreement with that species appears to be close I notice it under the name D. rachion. Further, D. rachion was found by Cobbold in the Haddok, while D. areolatum has its habitat in the Plewronectide. It is oblong linear, flattened, squarish in front, obtuse behind, maxi- mum breadth near middle, whence it tapers gradually to the tail, nar- rowing scarcely at all anteriorly, laterally arcuate; posterior extremity emarginate with terminal pore; neck covered densely with squamose spines becoming sparsely scattered back of ventral sucker, and very few near posterior end. Back of the ventral sucker the spines are confined to the lateral regions. The spines appear flat and seale-like on neck and are uniformly disposed in close transverse rows; posteriorly they are slender. Diameter of squamose spines, 0.01 mm.; length about the same. Ova not numerous, about 30, lying behind ventral sucker, rather large, 0.07 and 0.04 mm. in the two principal diameters. Length of cirrus pouch, 0.21; greatest diameter, 0.16. —— Pe Sy red No. 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 539 —— 1 A single specimen belonging to the United States National Museum collection (No. 4861, U.S.N.M.), from the intestine of the cod (Gadus callarias), is referred provisionally to the species above named. 30. DISTOMUM CLAVATUM Rudolphi. (Plate LIII, figs. 8-11.) Distonum clavatum DIESING, Syst. Helm., I, p. 366; Nachtr. zur Revis. d. Myz- helm., p. 431.—WaGENER, Troschel’s Archiv., XX VI, I, p. 182, pl. vi1, figs. 11, 12.—CoBBoLp, Jour. Linn. Soc., IX, pp. 200-205.—JoURDAN, Revue se. Natur. Montpellier, 1881, II, pp. 488-449, pls. vir, vit1{ Von Linstow, Com- pend. d. Helminth. and Nachtrag to Compend.].—Carus, Prodr. Faun:e Mediterr., I, p. 131.—Srossicu, Dist. d. Pese., p. 46. I refer a lot of distoma, ten in number, from the stomach of the sword- fish (Yiphias gladius), United States National Museum (No. 4846), to this species. The host was taken by the United States Fish Comiis- sion (1883) trawl lines, station 2091, steamer Albatross. The specimens are all nearly of the same size. The largest specimen (alcoholic) presented the following dimensions: Length, 18 mm.; diam. eter of head, 1.75; diameter of body at ventral sucker, 4.5; diameter of body behind ventral sucker, 4.2; diameter of mouth, 1.75, Ventral sucker, 5.5 long and 4.5 broad; aperture of ventral sucker, 2.5 long and 1.5 broad; breadth of neck, 0.25. The color is dark brown, approaching dark olivaceous in posterior half of body proper. Body and neck for most part transversely wrin- kled, in some simply roughened, irregularly rugose in posterior region. Neck much more slender than body, not quite half the length of the body, strongly arched, cylindrical, more or less flattened or even con- cave on under side. Mouth circular with wrinkled or puckered mar- gin, opening ventrally. Ventral sucker sessile, much larger than oral, irregularly corrugated, with deep cavity and oblong-elliptical aperture, _ its longer axis coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the body. Gen- ital aperture about midway between oral and ventral sucker. Body proper nearly cylindrical or only slightly appressed, slightly arcuate, enlarging near its posterior third and ending in a blunt point in which there is a minute ferminal pore, usually profoundly wrinkled trans- versely. The mouth cavity is deep and communicates almost immediately with the pharynx. Testes two, lying close together and in specimen exain- ined both touching posterior edge of ventral sucker, aud together fill- ing body cavity from dorsal to ventral wall. Behind the testes lie the folds of the uterus filled with minute golden- brown ova, which are 0.054 and 0.024 mm. in the two principal diameters. Several ova were noticed with a cap or opercle at one end. (Fig.J1.) In longitudinal median vertical section this organ looks like a sacculated lumen filled with dark granular material. In posterior transverse section the two lumens of the intestinal crura appear in the midst of the vitellaria, laterally 540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL Xx, placed with reference to each other, with their walls, in section exposed, _ contiguous. The vitellaria also extend forward on each side of the : uterine folds. Transverse and longitudinal sections reveal the following facts with — regard to the arrangement of the vessels of the excretory and digest-— ive systems: A plexus of anastomosing vessels is seen in front of the pharynx (Fig. 8), from which the two lateral vessels of the intestine are soon differentiated. The pharynx follows the oral sucker immedi- ately and opens into a short cesophagus (Fig. 10) which extends poste- riorly for a short distance in a blind prolongation, anteriorly it com- municates with the two intestinal vessels. (Fig. 9.) The remaining vessels of the plexus, which I take to represent the excretory system, continue as several vessels for some distance back of the pharynx, but appear as only two principal lateral vessels in sections about the ante- rior limit of the ventral sucker. In sections through the ventral sucker and testes the longitudinal vessels are much compressed and crowded against the body wall. In the posterior half of the body the intestinal tracts occupy the greater part of the space, are compressed laterally, and contain a very dark-brown or black food material. The walls of the intestine are very much folded, even amounting almost to distinet rami, and are beset with distinct villi, 0.041 mm, in depth. The exere- tory vessels are indistinct in sections of the middle of the body; there is, however, a very prominent posterior vessel which terminates in a distinet pore. The vitellaria in the serial sections begin as small brownish-yellow tubular masses in the vicinity of the testes, where they are arranged laterally near the periphery. Behind the testes they are more abun- dant, but nowhere very voluminous. The body wallis very thick and muscular, and the body cavity back of the testes mainly occupied by the very large intestinal vessels. 31. DISTOMUM species (larva). (Plates LIII, figs. 12, 13; LIV, fig. 1.) No. 4871, U.S.N.M. From pericardium of Stizostedion canadense, Washington, Pennsylvania (market), fish from Lake Erie; collected March 7, 1891. These specimens are small, immature, in capsules, 0.35 to 0.85 mm. in diameter. Diameter of oral sucker, 0.094 mm.; diameter of ventral sucker, 0.055 mm. The specimens are too immature for identification. Sections of a cyst with its contained embryo show that the outer half of the wall of the cyst is built up of concentric layers of connect- ive tissue secreted from the tissues of the host; the inner half of the wall consists of an embryonic envelope, which communicates with the embryo by a special duct. The opening of this duct, as relates to the embryo, is ventral, and is situated a little way back of the ventral sucker. = No. 1133. ° TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 541 32. MONOSTOMUM ORBICULARE Rudolphi. (Plate LIV, figs. 2-5.) Monostomum orbiculare D1IESING, Syst. Helm., I, p. 320.—Panrona, Intorno al Monostomum, Torino, 1887. No. 4872, U.S.N.M. The description of this species given by Dies- ing is very brief, and, like Dujardin’s' description, is taken directly from Rudolphi’s brief account. I have not seen Parona’s paper. The worm is described by the older helminthologists as being from 2 to 3 mm. in length, orbicular, convex above, concave or rarely plane below; oral aperture terminal oval-oblong sometimes slightly projecting. Specimens of Monostoma, 14 in number, from the intestine of Lobotes surinamensis (Woods Holl, Massachusetts, August 6, 1887), agree with the above synopsis of specific characters. Measurements of a typical specimen, in life, yielded the following results: Length, 2.7 mm.; diameter of sucker, 0.26; breadth of body at sucker, 0.52; maximum breadth, 1; breadth near posterior end, 0.26; distance of sucker from anterior end of body, 0.04; diameter of repro- ductive aperture at posterior end, (@.1. Two other specimens were measured with very nearly corresponding results, the diameter of the sucker being exactly the same in each case. The measurements were made on specimens which were lying freely in water. The specimens present but little variety of form. They are ovate, broadest about the anterior third, tapering very little toward the anterior end, which is broadly rounded and usually marked with very fine transverse lines, making a finely serrate outline when flattened under the compressor. They taper gradually toward the posterior end, which is bluntly rounded and carries the aperture of the generative organs at its tip. The oral sucker is on the ventral side very near the anterior margin, its diameter equal to about one tenth the length of the body. The uterus is voluminous and filled with small ova which are nearly globular. The folds of the uterus le for the most part along the left side of the body, but there is a large mass of ova near the posterior erd which lies mainly on the left side of the middle line. The testes are two, oval, and lie about the middle of the body on the right side. The ovary is a globular organ, also lying on the right side at about the anterior third. The vitellaria lie along both right and left sides of the anterior third and across the anterior end behind the sucker. In life they appear to be branched organs of a light purple color. The long, oval, muscular cirrus pouch lies near the median line, about the poste- rior third of the body, its aperture directed posteriorly and a little to the left. The muscular pharynx lies a little to the right of the median line and a little in front of the middle of the body. It presents the appearance of a strong globular bulb connected with a tubular anterior prolongation less muscular, apparently a part of the @sophagus. The 1 Hist. Helm., p. 360. 542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. =: * VOL. XX. esophagus, from the mouth to the pharynx, was not very clearly shown. So far as it could be made out, it is as shown in the sketch. (Fig. 3, ph.) The ova are nearly globular, 0,018 and 0.015 mm. in the two diameters in life, 0.17 and 0.15 in the two diameters in alcoholic specimens. Ova were observed making their escape from the right side of the terminal pore of a living specimen. The bodies of all the specimens were flat, depressed, and somewhat convex above. : EXPLANATION OF PLATES. i a. oral sucker. pg- prostate gland ¢. cirrus. ph. pharynx. ¢ p. cirrus pouch. sg. Shell gland. ex, excretory vessel. 87. Seminal receptacle. g. uterine gland. t. testis. i. intestine. u. uterus. m. mouth. vd. vas deferens. 0. ovary. vd’. vitelline duct. @. esophagus. vg. vitelline gland. vs. ventral sucker. Sketches on which the enlargement is not otherwise noted were made with an Abbe camera lucida and Zeiss objectives and eye pieces, as indicated in the explana- tions. They were reduced about one-fourth in linear dimensions in the process of printing. Except where otherwise stated, all sketches are by the author. PGATH ela Nitzschia papillosa, new species, from gills of Acipenser sturio. Fig. 1. Sketch of alcoholic specimen, distorted, posterior third side view, anterior two-thirds ventral view. Enlarged about eighteen times. 2. Ventral view of another specimen, alcoholic. Enlarged about eighteen * times. 3. Ventral view of head greatly enlarged. Enlarged about two hundred and twenty-five times; m, mouth; b 8, buccal sucker. 4. Everted cirrus. Enlarged about two hundred and twenty-five times. 5. Transverse section through ovary. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. 6. Longitudinal, horizontal section throngh ovary and testis. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Tristomum leve Verrill, from gills of Gymnosarda pelamys. -1 Dorsal view, aleoholic specimen. Enlarged about six times. . Ventral view, alcoholic specimen. Enlarged about six times. Kr Tristomum coccineum Cuvier, from gills of Xiphias gladius. 9. Ventral view of portion of anterior. Enlarged about six times; from sketch of living specimen by Margaret B. Linton. b. s., buecal sucker; p., granules of marginal papillie; v., vagina. t Octoplectanum affine, new species, from mouth of Paralichthys dentatus. a } 10. Ventral view of alcoholic specimen. Enlarged about three times. 11. Single plectanum of same. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. 12. Hooks from genital atrium: a, Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube open; > and ¢ still more highly magnified. 13. Ovum. Enlarged one hundred and eighty times. o so 10. Tile 12. 13. 14. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 543 PLaTE XLI. Octoplectanum affine, new species. Ventral view anterior end, alcoholic. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open; /i, arma- ture of genital atrium. Ventral view of a single plectanum, life, much enlarged. Dorsal view of posterior end, showing plexus of vessels; from sketch of living specimen by Margaret B. Linton. Longitudinal vertical section through ovary. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Developing ova from same. Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube open. Diplostomum cuticole Diesing. Ventral view of specimen removed from cyst; from Hupomotis pallidus. 2/A, draw-tube closed. Specimen from Lepomis auritus. Enlarged about fifty times. Ventral sucker of specimen shown in Fig. 6. Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube closed. Ventral sucker of another specimen from Hupomotis pallidus. Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube closed. Cyst with inclosed embryo, from Lupomotis pallidus. Enlarged about six‘ een times. PuatTe XLII. Dinlostomum cuticole Diesing. Ventral view of specimen from Lepomis auritus. Enlarged about thirty times. Cyst with inclosed embryo, from same. Enlarged about twenty-two times. Oral sucker of embryo from same. Enlarged about two hundred and twenty-five times. Oral sucker and pharynx of specimen from Eupomotis pallidus. Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube closed. Heart of F. pallidus, with cysts. Enlarged three times. Distomum tornatum Rudolphi, from Coryphena hippurus. Ventral view of alcoholic specimen. Enlarged eight times. Side view of anterior part of body. Enlarged thirty times. Side view of specimen, stained and mounted entire in Canada balsam. Enlarged about six times. a. Ova Zeiss 4/D, draw-tube open. Longitudinal section, horizontal, through testes and ovary; anterior end to the right. Specimen fromsame lotas Nos.6 and 7. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Transverse section of specimen from same lot, through anterior testis and seminal receptacle. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Transverse section of same specimen through posterior margin of ventral sucker. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Longitudinal vertical section through specimen from same lot, showing cirrus. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Distomum ocreatum Molin, from Pomatomus saltatrix, Ventral view, alcoholic. Enlarged about thirty-two times. Distomum rufoviride Rudolphi, from MRoccus lineatus. Section of anterior sucker and pharynx. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. 544 Fig. Fig. 1. ot co | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX; PLATE XLIII. Distomum rufoviride Rudolphi. Longitudinal vertical section through head. /. lip. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. r Section through ovary and part of testis. Specimen somewhat distorted, and section not quite at right angles to axis of body. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open, ; Transverse section through vas deferens, prostate gland, and uterus. 2/D, draw-tube open. Diagram of cirrus, vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal receptacle, and uterus. Distomum laeve, new species, from Macrourus bairdii. Ventral view of specimen, alcoholic. Enlarged six times. Side view of same. Enlarged six times. Ventral view of anterior end. Enlarged about one hundred and eighty times. Transverse section through ovary, vitelline glands, and posterior excretory vessel. Zeiss 4/A, draw-tube open. PLATE XLIYV. Distomum laeve, new species. . Dorsal view, partly diagrammatic. Enlarged forty times. sr anterior, and sr’ posterior seminal receptacle, er posterior excretory vessel, ex’, ex’, anterior branches of same. Distomum monticellii, new species, trom Remora remora. Veutral view of living specimen. Enlarged twenty times. Diagrammatic side view of anterior end. Cirrus pouch and seminal receptacle as seen through the wall of the body of a specimen made transparent with oil of cloves. Transverse section of body through the posterior edge of the genital aper- ture. Zeiss 4/A, draw-tube open. 4g. a. genital aperture. . Transverse section through anterior half of ventral sucker. Zeiss 2/A, draw- tube open. Transverse section through posterior part of ovary and anterior lobes of vitelline gland. View of ventral sucker in life, showing velum. Distomum grandiporum Rudolphi, from Anguilla chrysypa. Sketch of specimen compressed, stained and mounted in Canada balsam. Enlarged twenty-seven times. PEATE XWuY: Distomum auriculatum Wedl?, from Acipenser rubicundus. Ventral view of specimen in oil of cloves. Enlarged twenty-two times. Same of another specimen. Enlarged twenty-seven times. Dorsal view of head of same. Enlarged thirty times. Transverse section of body near base of cirrus pouch. Zeiss 4/A, draw- tube open. ‘Transverse section of body through testis. Zeiss 4/A, draw-tube open. . Transverse section near posterior end of body. Zeiss 4/A, draw-tube open. Transverse section of excretory vessel at-terminal pore. Zeiss 2/D, draw- tube open. . 1133. TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON. 545 \ ; Distomum macrocotyle Diesing, from Mola mola. Fig. 8. Side view of alcoholic specimens, slightly enlarged. 9. Partial sketch of longitudinal vertical section of body. A specimen was cut, bisected longitudinally with a razor, and the inner aspect of the left half sketched. Enlarged about eight times. 10. Transverse section through neck, showing branches of the intestine, vas deferens, uterus, etc. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. PuaTE XLVI. Distomum macrocotyle Diesing. Fig. 1. Transverse section toward posterior end of body. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. 2. Longitudinal vertical section through posterior end of body, showing common longitudinal! vessel; i. e., the two vessels i. i. in Fig. 1, anastomose near the posterior end of the body. Diagram of cirrus, vas deferens, uterus, etc. Transverse section of uterus. Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube open. 5. Transverse section of vas deferens and portion of prostate gland. Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube open. Fae Distomum gracile Diesing, from Lepomis auritus and Eupomotis pallidus. 6. Ventral view of specimen from gills of HL. pallidus. Enlarged thirty times, u. developing uterus. This is probably a younger stage of the adult which Wright found in the mouth of the American bittern and referred provisionally to D. heterostomum. . Ventral view of specimen from L. auritus. Enlarged fifteen times. 8. Side view of anterior end of same. Enlarged fourteen times. =~ PLATE XLVII. Distomum lageniforme, new species, from Remora remora. -Fig. 1. Dorsal view, life. Enlarged three times. See text for color notes. 2. Ventral view of same after lying some timein water. Enlarged three times. This bears a strong superficial resemblance to D. cymbiforme Rudolphi, from Chelonia and Thalassochelys, but in view of the great difference of hosts it is not likely that the species are identical. Distomum simplex Rudolphi ? from Microgadus tomcod and Hemitripterus americanus. 3. Ventral view of specimen from Microgadus made transparent with acetic acid. Enlarged forty-five times. 4. Ova of same, acetic acid. Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube open. 5. Ventral view of specimen from Hemitripterus. Enlarged.twenty-two times. 6. Transverse section of body of specimen from same host through ovary. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. 7. Longitudinal horizontal section of body of specimen from same host shew- ing ovary, testis, etc. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Distomum pallens Rudolphi from Alutera schoepfii. 8. Side view. Enlarged about five times. 9. Ventral view. Enlarged twenty-seven times, Proc. N. M. vol. xx 335) 546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. Distomum valdeinflatum Stossich from Alutera schepfii. Fig. 10. Ventral view of living specimen. Enlarged twenty-seven times. 11. 12 18 14. Fig. Fig. Fig. b bo or . Part of transverse section just behind the pharynx. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube View of mouth with cireumoval spines. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Sketch of individual compressed. Enlarged twenty-seven times. Spines from back of neck. Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube closed. Single oral spine. Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube closed. PLATE XLVIII. Distomum valdeinflatum Stossich. open. Portion of body wall of neck. Zeiss 4/D, draw-tube open. Distomum contortum, Rudolphi host not known, probably Mola mola. Side view of alcoholic specimen. Enlarged fourteen times. Side view of head of same showing oval sucker with pharyngeal papilla. Enlarged forty-six times. Tuberculated spines of neck. Enlarged two hundred and twenty-five times. Longitudinal vertical section of head showing cirrus. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Transverse section near posterior end of body. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Distomum nigroflavum Rudolphi, from Mola mola. Side view, alcoholic specimen. Enlarged four and one-half times. This specimen has numerous folds of the uterus in the pedicel of the ventral sucker. . Side view of another specimen. Enlarged nine times. In this specimen the testes are juxtaposed. Side view of a specimen with testes remote. Enlarged three times. Transverse section of body a short distance back of ventral sucker, show- ing testis, seminal receptacle, prostate and vitelline glands, etc. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. PuaTE XLIX. Distomum nigroflavum Rudolphi. Longitudinal vertical section, showing posterior testis, ovary, shell gland, ete. Enlarged about thirty times. The granular contents of the longitudinal vessel showing a few of the characteristic crystals noted in text. The latter are greatly enlarged in the sketch. . Transverse section of body back of ovary. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Distomum foliatum, new species, from Mola mola. Side view, alcoholic. Enlarged nine times. Longitudinal vertical section, enlarged about thirty times, showing testes, ovary, shell-gland, vitelline glands, uterus, etc. Transverse section of vas deferens and prostate gland; enlarged from Fig. 3, cells partly diagrammatic. Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube oven. Prawn! i: Distomum foliatum, new species. Side view of specimen. Enlarged about twenty-six times. I 8 Ay View of neck from above. Enlarged about four and one-half times. Front view of pedicel and ventral sucker. Enlarged about four and one-half times. NO. 1133, TREMATODE PARASITES OF FISHES—LINTON,. 547 Bic. 1. bo IRN Ie Distomum foliatum, new species. Part of section of ventral sucker as seen in a transverse section of the body. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube closed. Part of section of ventral sucker, from longitudinal vertical section of the body. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube closed. Transverse section of the neck through the pharnyx. cr. nuchal crest. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Transverse section of neck a little farther back than fig. 3, er. nuchal crest. Zeiss 2/A, draw- tube open. Nore.—The vessels ii in this and the preceding figure have been identi- fied as intestinal rami, although the connection between them and the esophagus could not be demonstrated from the sections. They originate in front of the pharynx as shown in Fig. 3, where they already have the characteristic structure of intestinal vessels. It is probable that in this and the preceding species, as well as in D. macrocotyle, the communication between cesophagus and intestinal rami is something like that demon- strated in D. clavatum. Plate LIII, figs. 8-10. Distomum nitens, new species, from Tylosurus caribbeus. Lateral view, partly diagrammatic. specimen somewhat distorted by com- pression. Enlarged about twenty-three times. ‘Ova. Zeiss 2/D, draw-tube open. PLATE LII. Distomum nitens. . tt : . Cirrus bulb as seen through transparent walls of body. vd portion of vas deferens inclosed within muscular walls of cirrus bulb. Enlarged forty- five times. Distomum tenue, new species, from Roceus lineatus. Superficial view, life. Enlarged twenty-five times. Sketch by Margaret B. Linton. View of same, compressed. Enlarged twenty-five times. Sketch by Mar- garet B. Linton. Partial view of ventral sucker of same. Enlarged two hundred and twenty- five times. Sketch by Margaret B. Linton. Sketch of alcoholic specimen, enlarged. Ventral view of anterior end of same, more enlarged. Ventral view of alcoholic specimen in acetic acid. Enlarged twenty-five times. t Transverse section of bedy through ovary. ¢. anterior edge of testis. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Distomum tenue tenuissime, new subspecies, from Roccus lineatus. Side view of alcoholic specimen. Enlarged twelve times. . Ventral view of another specimen. Enlarged twenty-four times. Head of same, enlarged. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Cysts of connective tissue of host containing ova. PuaTE LIUII. Distomum, species, from Lagocephalus levigatus. Ventral view of specimen in oil of cloves. Enlarged twenty-two times. Ovum of same. Zeiss 4/D, draw-tube open. 548 Fig. 3. 4, De 6. -I 10. ite 12. 13. Bip rel OI PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. — Se $< | ae Distomum rachion Cobbold, from Gadus callarias. Ventral view of specimen. Enlarged twenty-seven times. Sqnamose spines of neck. Enlarged two hundred and twenty-five times. Outline of margin of neck. Enlarged two hundred and twenty-five times. Margin of body near posterior end. Enlarged two hundred and twenty-five times. . Ovum. Enlarged two hundred and twenty-five times. Distomum clavatum Rudolphi, from Xiphias gladius. Transverse section of body through anterior edge of pharynx. x. sections of vessels, which at this level have the same structure as the vessels i. i., shown in the two succeeding figures to be the intestinal cruri. n.n.nerves? — Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube closed. : . Transverse section through middle of pharynx showing the anteriorly extending csophagus in communication with the intestinal cruri. n. n. nerves? Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube closed. Transverse section through the posterior edge of the pharynx, showing the communication of the wsophagus with the pharynx. n. x. nerves? Zeiss 2/A, draw tube closed. Ova. Enlarged three hundred and seventy-five times. Distomum species, larva encysted in Stizostedion canadense. Longitudinal verticalsection. ndnutrient duct. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. Longitudinal vertical section of posterior end through external aperture of the nutrient duct (nd). Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. PLATE LIV. Distomum species. Section of cyst with contained embryo through communication of nutrient duct with surrounding food material. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. cy. con- nective tissue cyst. gr. granular nutritive parenchymatose layer. np. nutritive pore of embryo. Monostomum orbiculare Rudolphi, from Lobotes surinamensis. Ventral view. Sketched from living specimen by Margaret B. Linton. En- larged forty-five times. Ventral view of another specimen in oil of cloves. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube closed. . Transverse section of body near posterior end. Zeiss 2/A, draw-tube open. . Ova. Zeiss 4/D, draw-tube open. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XL a 12 PARASITIC WORMS. NITZSCHIA FROM STURGEON AND COD; TRISTOMUM FROM OCEANIC BONITO, SWORDFISH, AND SUNFISH (Mola); OCTOPLECTANUM FROM FLOUNDER. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 542, 2 Py we ve , . = eA ae 70 vf i c et U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XLV eee Mle 2, PARASITIC WORMS. DiSTOMUM FROM STURGEON AND SUNFISH (Mola). FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 544, 545. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XLVI Bem yt I RS ARS ‘ PARASITIC WORMS. DISTOMUM FROM SUNFISH (Mola), BREAM, ETC. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 545. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XLVII PARASITIC WORMS. DISTOMUM FROM SUCKER (Remora), SEA RAVEN, AND FILEFISH. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 545, 546. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XLVIli % yt i PARASITIC WORMS. DISTOMUM FROM FILEFISH AND SUNFISH (Mola). FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 546, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX _ PL. XLIX PARASITIC WORMS. DISTOMUM FROM SUNFISH (Mola). FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 546. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL.L PARASITIC WORMS. DISTOMUM FROM SUNFISH (Mola). FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 546. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. PARASITIC WORMS. DISTOMUM FROM SUNFISH (Mola) AND GARFISH (Tylosurus). FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 547. Ll , Pin, \ f en. € Be hs Site itl U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX _ PL. LII PARASITIC WORMS. DISTOMUM FROM GARFISH (Tylosurus), STRIPED BASS, AND WHITE PERCH. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 547. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LIIl PARASITIC WORMS. DISTOMUM FROM SMOOTH PUFFER, COD, SWORDFISH, AND SAND PIKE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 547, 548. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LIV i ma) ho evi 35% $p, UAT TE IN ots 1 bv Ze e | PARASITIC WORMS. DISTOMUM FROM SAND PIKE; MONOSTOMUM FROM FLASHER (Lolotes). FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 548. ttyl CONTRIBUTIONS TO PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY. PART I.—A LIST OF THE BIRDS KNOWN TO INHABIT THE PHILIPPINE AND PALAWAN ISLANDS, SHOWING THEIR DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THE TWO GROUPS. By DEAN C. WoRCESTER, A. B., Assistant Professor of Zoology, University of Michigan, and FRANK S. Bourns, M. D., Ann Arbor, Michigan. INTRODUCTION. In 1888, while identifying the birds collected by ourselves in the Philippines during the preceding year, Doctor Bourns and myself began the preparation of a distribution table for the birds of the group. This table was ready for publication in 1890, but the opportunity of Visiting the islands for a second time presented itself, and it seemed best to us to withhold the list until we could make it more complete. Complications in the affairs of the Minnesota Academy of Science, resulting from the financial troubles of 1893, put a stop to work on our collections for more than a year after our return, and before the identi- fication of our material was completed Mr. W. R. Ogilvie Grant’s important series of papers had begun to appear in the /bis. I have felt unwilling to let the list leave my hands until this series of papers should be concluded. The unfortunate interruption in the field work on which Mr. Grant’s papers were based, resulting from the rebellion of a part of the native population of the Philippines against Spanish rule, has necessarily brought the series to an end, and although it is to be hoped that Mr. Whitehead may return to the archipelago at some future time and con- ¢lude his work in the highlands of the larger islands, I have decided to publish the list in its present state as a basis for some conclusions at which I have arrived concerning the zoological relationships between the various islands of the Philippine group and the laws governing the distribution of their birds. ———— : PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XX—No. 1134. “‘- ¥ B50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xx. Although other duties have prevented Doctor Bourns from coopera- ting with me in the final work on the list, his past services both at — home and in the field certainly entitle him to be considered one of its — joint authors. Thinking it desirable to show the exact bearing of the work done by _ the Menage expedition on that of our predecessors and successors, I - have indicated it in the table by using stars, while the work of other — collectors, including that of the Steere expedition, is shown by crosses. Species peculiar to the Philippines are italicised. Genera and species — which occur in the Palawan group, but have not been found in the ~ Philippines, are left unnumbered. is An X followed by a question mark indicates that I consider the identity of the specimens obtained from the locality indicated to be doubtful. An * followed by a question mark indicates that birds of the genus, and probably of the species, designated were seen by us, but were not obtained, so that their occurrence in the localities in question is open to doubt. These doubtful species are omitted in the totals on the last page. While it has been my desire to make the list as complete as possible, it has seemed to me best to be conservative in the admission of species, and none have been intentionally included for which a definite locality, and in nearly every instance a definite collector as well, could not be assigned. It is needless to say that in the preparation of this list I have made use of the British Museum Catalogue of Birds. I have also made use of the material gathered by Doctor Steere in 1874, and that obtained by the Steere expedition in 1887-88. [am indebted to Doctor Steere for the loan, on several occasions, of material belonging to him personally. I have made such use of the material gathered by Doctor Bourns and myself in 1890-1895 as has been practicable under the circumstances. During the summer months of 1894 we were able to identify most of our specimens, and upon our departure from Minneapolis fortunately took some material for further study. Material which it was imprac- ticable to take with us we had expected to have sent to us for further study after our departure. In this, however, we were disappointed, and we were obliged to leave several important species unidentified. In addition to the sources above referred to, I have derived informa tion from numerous papers, a list of which follows. DEAN C. WORCESTER. ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, July 31, 1897. ‘Ajao dnois avrg 9 551 So) (> aa fi>-gal ee =a | ead lire ci fie a x¥(X] y |X [occpeee|ocs[oreres sees (YOUTMMMIOT,) TIOIUINSSIp Inginy, “Ze Peale gale Salat BSP eine cael eal sealed Pe eel PPe RS oR RCC es » (JPULULOIA T,) SHUTAST g.0J, Fe Sisal ianes al |p Pp a Si lial Fea pci if tee Peed Neate | a] tae Sig PS ra eel SH Peale galls heer | Al eat [eros Neel bine oy OGIO Ie ose ae ecrs pail eiclc (S[OUIMIUTOT,) MIMISD/ UUM “Pp SSS fe CO ei ie oe ey | scr FS FI ic EIR IR AR FAS II aN | ATID Fy A a I SOC -ol(> ol Sal eel POOR oOe p wosse'T srmoatodvu woaqoo[dApog S SIN Belief fe voc NaI p< lake -@il hep-lat lL al vp] |e: llamey ren bere-<) We QE Weal GGA S SCLC cig GOGr Eh (SOvVUUTT]) SUT[BS snqTTey “¢ at Baas |e | pe alle ale al geet eal 37 ic Nara er | ened ie ec Pot eal ae alae Uae Deselaep- Wg) Flere actin IN belt. oles) Fan OE iia SCE (\fodoog) wavouyl BitopoRT [VOX ca & 3 [POA gal Fata S| rae sia bee roel l=? ay ana Ee Fee saelNie eaiVEiee al es etan ea sae ela ihe celles dle Sha a cresresseess UAMTTIC, LOUTUNO SILIpPOdSO ‘T & : at ive 2 Ve fee Le [aM aan f ; E zt See eee EERE EERE GEEEEBEREEEBEERE NM | SIP (SSIS EIS S/R Rl slelsle/Sis|Blalsisis/8| Sle] elo | Bl oe) el] S| S| ole joe be BlelaialpiFlelselalsi scliBleiaelelelsiS/812/8)/a/e/2)=/s BIS(Si el/esiS)sSisl|sisis Fy als 5B} me] Slolo|/flal;/s | 8) 8 SA) o/s 6 7 | | = eo ste a | Fle) a E 3 e|°/2/2 : Be Fils Es 2 Bele ‘S E- 3 g F ‘soroods Jo SouUe Ny 4 § o/|? i=} 3 © |\o aN ren a a d S|: ye L by . i=} = 5 | ® a , gis | ‘i e a a al F | b a ba Manimdn ‘ i re - a = PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 552 Bicol 5 oi) | eter | trees ~~~ -(SnovUULT) voTZoAToT BlorRVNhg Bas aria --(snovuury) soudieyurvnienery * ce egos (tjodoog) susanaryo stsvydoapA zy Reese hie Sars eal Youo'T ST[BJUOL1O VOOR ---> (JO][LeT A) SIAQSOITaS eur su dues0q441¢ pet wo ---*- snoBUUly supunqdiprt snaeT Sp aEee ee ee (shovuuly) Suprpojs shou; Sake pak Y YPUIULULST, WOTONVUBOUL BUIEYG PO RY paar ais oe UL[OULY) STISMOMIS BVILIYS lichen ----"TTOULY) BSOULDI[DF BULEIG Say eae peal ie TTOdoog vyayysovuy BUI04S : “MLOJ Soy YOU] Io19q VULOYS * BOGS ORS (seed) Bepiqsy woprpaysoapAy * poeta sialwle minis rine Peis cise eine Suse oes pue tousley{) vie}doonel UoprjeqoorpAy = 6 ae ra abe YOUU T, SVPMLONNET snuyNng 5 Sami hae (uu0g) sisuaddyiyd saadnqhyony, eran YOuLULUa T, snguaynwaynd orthydsog Cf eee a tia? StS ed (UT[OULY)) VO1OULD XaLO[ [Vr Pov 5 au a et (snevuury) sndos0pypo vpnUTypesy ahaa (194s8103f) VandTUsOYd sTUOINRULy aS han Gaba ay (WaABTT) DIIVAYO SYU.LOLNDUL YW BOO (qsunty) inyArd snnerqoumry en ace (snevuury) Shosny SuueRqouuTl; CGS geo Se edievyg snsa1eUlo SBUUITLOL[Og ST gee ae (ulpeury)) SIsuonqez vuRZIog 4 REF hae (aUuvULLOy) VIPIUIIJUL VULZIOT (okevusorjye'y) saprouozhaua Duy ge Opie D (SoPpeY) VLBIOSL] VUTTeY (snhovuury) 970nb.107 Mipruanzodh yy, ~-(snevuury) srsusurddryigd vipraoezod A Fy Pe aa (snevuuly) vyeiIays viprusegod 4A gon cs: (ShevUULT) LOLIeqoord SBUOO[RO 7 OO AY puUB SUINOg hnUdUL sNUAa0BO LY Pol orks iy Cla (sniselg) epuajnid spuaoboryd ex ee (qoRqueqotey) vohvwii09 spuaobojyT Siaicelsialein Sisto (tjod09g) varw0zn, snuaobory ucalsi= sivas (snovuury) Borpur sdeqdooyeyy visio S se'g' ss SE 22 (snevauly) Byes Brjedoar, pais e'ecmees niaic Q(ouTmIMe 7) STM m4. 7, wn | w TD) | | mn BIS Sl 2S ZS PB 2 Se) 221 e FIBlslelslSl Sle lela S|/Bls/e/e SBlele| 2) P| KF Pe ai alei|/ola.) &| 2/2 g|2 Eats) aS) ES IC=6 pe (Cee Boe SSM > (sopyeyy) snydopouvjeur snryoesao4y “eT Torfotojeseesssess==* 9OqUIMS BUA AqANS BEPIV “ZIT mail eas ocr tse s"""=(UTOULY)) SISUOUIS LIIOPIW “LTT Se alae | ek So cas carn (UI[OUL4)) BOLIOMBTUTD BYVOPAV ‘OLL ~7-"-(UIBYIL'T) ST]LOOTAVT BQopIVW “GOT ~--> (uoAO]) SISMOT[IUBUL XACT ‘80T Sire a nae crea mints DY YOUILYOY SISMEINWY Soprleogn¢y Sealich|ee ss aoe ke Oa (p[oys.oyz) wolaBAvl SoplLiojng “LOT “ore ssis==== === (Qrouppog) SUPUBULOIOD SHO|NGUE, “9OT Pisses llacgey| Glin nie sictateieselair (MI[oTI4)) BLOVS VIQOISOLMAC, “COT (Lo[SVA\ ) VIPOMIIOZUL SVIPOIOF] *“FOT (snovuury) BqIIOZIVG SVIpOloy] “OL Pes eal Spats Seema as sae DSOYVy VUIBIVVUINS BOPLY : ““""snovuuly Vo1OULd VapPLy "TOT ici paca cascode ii aac snonuny vorndaind vopay *10T paella sie icine “* >> (SnOvMULT]) StsuodRo BIN{wAISOY *OOT Seale les gaa ae POTUIMG VLBDOUT OSVUTT[V) *66 ae eal case “77> >> (SHBOMUTT) OSVUTTTLS OSvUT[[er) “86 G25 Wael (oyavdvuog) BInUegs OSVUTTTBY “16 = elligizs ‘ X fovcjocr fort foo ro (ounmmey,) vyoutyrAgvyd vjoormry 96 «elec . ee i ee i een ie i eer Gyrai OTTO PUR YouULMIUL J, SLIQSOIISSB.IO Ea “C6 “Qprysuepms)) snyenbaeqns snyrpoopAowy “FG - ~-(pjeysaoyy) Byrurmmov vrisAdoiqoyy “26 “ie ees ae : Too [or [snes sse==="-TOTSIOT TLYOULUIULOZ SOIIMOMITT “ZG : : Net & alae | came cna are PleysSLoFT SIsuoOLTUARp SaytUOUILT “TG Bee lcs eels “sr er--> (SET[Vq) SILOoyNA Sa,TMOUT “06 eG isda ater fe tee (U1poULy)) Vpooreps suprpdoovAyry “68 wea “---(SNOMUNA)) SLARTNGoU SIQIOTH * Real vel Coeoaoco ~~ ({peqsuop[N) Vo19U1D VE[OIOT, “18 “-"| X |v ---- (Snevuury) SnomepoddAy seprosulty, “98 ew ale wee see eae JOT[LOLA ‘SodrAerq SIZWOVIEJO FY “eg alive seo (pura, 7) sudoayoo SRULOIpPOTETT *F8 =) || Game pistes s eiseisiesewieicis SnHoVuul'yT ‘SLIplyeo BHUBIOT, “Eg ae (led Gia cli get (ShovuulT) BSOULT VSOUIL'T *Zg BORGES SCS --- AVI) OVIPURTROZ OBAOT BSOTUTT * all: ~-(pynoy) sngnurat xvdopoososeyy “0g OEY AOI (tjodoog) sngesoniwa sntmEemMUN 6) o|ers[-oose*"""""---q0rTror, SNdouUvAS SNIUOMIN NT “gy, too[oes|ereorere----Snovuury snjenbav snimemny “Lf “ss iseeo="--ninox snpeydadoone, sndoyurunyy *9f | rialiie ae “(SHOVUULT) VUTIPUBXOTR STIITVISOW “cy Pie igrase ‘ sor|sec|ecciereecnsoeeos (Qa rudemog) TUOLEd SI}I[BIsoVy “FL, ; ; To o[rosprrrtessssssesessss == ((odoos) erqnp SIyTeIsoWw “gL 553 PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. z Wee alee ----(suy[vq) snpoSuour snuoapoyy09 °% 5 sisi < GORI CY p(plHor)) supotoa snMOIpOTIIO 5 ST ir (eta are eh (4915 \\) AOA OOS SNULOIpPOTIOO “TL 2 soo}oos[oo LOT'S "Td Suoraimop sutipereyy ‘OL ——— a ee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 554 VOL. XX. i [anise seein Sn GCI Tr SOUdalOn eT ---- pox) sAuesouvjom Oot; Pease asiinsiy sare, ----(p[syS10F7) SNIBAVS OOTLyT Soca -*> MTPOUTY) STURUIUIOD OOTL YT A eaaes eae JUBIA) SYDUOIPLLAUL LDLAVY OMIT ping iepseivaiete (SLO5TA) Shiuahosyjplisa apsarvyoury Stile eee ees query wivafal pinydovyin. Sra os socesessesee==-9d Ivy sudoon, nzvg BIZ COO CES ICI OIG cers BY s1pso.uubp pz0g ee eal ee teen kt pissin aims plnox) snouepod Ay snueyiy Dd Binet pace cts “"* IOLANY 8N7LYSTIO SLUIdT toe sesseseesces COTINL) SNTIPOULIOJUT INISVITE HL ete | Fe eeeeeneS Aas (UTTOUL)) LagsVsooney sngortpryy RHF Cares (UIpet4y)) SHOIpPUL myseyngy nllG Cane sac cae Mya es a199IS Ssisuahnund svuLoprdy “aed (Solera sul pe ao pouny, WoOsrarp srmazo0jie all Gaebae see ey (SIO5TA) snyidsojoy suisoprdy p Anus sasuamddyryd snyanzdy -* (pjeysaoF{) snjoruunry snqowz1dg ~- se" (LOITOOL)) Llatery sup.ro1oydoT ~~ +> (jeSeTTOS puv ‘umey,) steps aaqid1ooW Fe] ie eae a nasa sisvajupue dapdwop 4 --7- (UIvq4R'T) SISMOOTOS InIsy (soulmimeg,) sngesaratay ings y (Snovuuly) SNSOUTSN..ev SlOITD (1oJ810,[) SUONOETOUBTOT SHOAL) eae ------dney snjouorids snoarp Pealess Chios ae (UI[EUTY)) TOWLE LIBS Feit ig eR Ae UTpoULL) SMAOSAPNA SUURIITAT Iegiee eeeeeeeril (19810) LOISEHOURTOUL SNOT] Zep OER (snevuuly) Bs snaiodsiq Be ana (snovuury) toyvosrd sns0dsi(q Palle See ae (snovuury) VpNSTTNE Vp sipayy 30> Baia e ee ee eis (SnhovuUuLry) BNO BIyVg * oy sel ees ie CES IOSVIY VIWUWOZN)] sDUW Ce NCE Sia ae (19}S10,7) BIVAIND VMOADOApPUA(T alee ae (LoTAND) BYRNOIw BUOADOIPTA(T Sa 5 Spelt (snovuury) vyVNprA evioooapueqy (aIjeur4)) SNUBITEpuULBIO.10D sndojIAN qtovppog) sndoosidoe susiepdourjeyy ‘yotmnyeg “HELO TUR: i ‘OLOPULAL | “mOZzN’T] azofmbr1g “SvaBOIM +) “MOG MOAT conbupareyy “SOTRIULE[RD | ‘soToeds JO SOULE NT “$ST “CST “TST “OST “GFL “SFL TEFL ‘OFT “CL TFL “SFL raat GAL “OFT “BET “BET “LET “9EL “CEL ‘TEL “SEL “GET “TEL “ORT “GEL “Sel “Lel “9GT “col “Fol “SGL Gol Tél ‘OGT ‘6IL ‘SIL “LIT ‘OTL ‘ponuyaojO—LSTT NOILNGIMLSIa *Ajuo dnois ueMeyeg 0 555 (8.19949) hapasow UohawyT “GGT (SLOSLA ) IAvspuy WwohaDEH *S6T (oqredemog) wworqudy uofay]]T *L6L “(Wdouppog) STLOTYO WOAITR ET “961 Snes aaa (aovppog) sngvotid wodoTe ET “GGL OG giana ee Gre adanyyg wjayourn wohay TT “F61 gees Ar see gel ({UUSL) sun WOhIIME *e6l Bie es aia (TUBTPYVT) SUPUBUIOLOD WOADTL ET “GET Rolice ce ay eee “=== O199IS SisUaIDUDS BhaQ “TEL ila ates ooo mere eae le “919919 IULN0g LNA) “OCT Sige Sigal: ocak MLIDIG SISWAUPPWUL wha; 1 “6ST ee aS -----duey vununjow ahiagy “SSI Gage sores odaevyg vaiyqyAacone xXAOQ “LRT aoe (QTVpp9 ML) VIDpUabWM auolingy “OST SSO eeein ep amietceaes So (aL00}9) Doon) auohayy “ext (19]890.10 A\ PY SQLNOG) S147804L. 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ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. =, 9 Uy, PEEP PINE Vales i veel ns| afore fic | acfece|se-[eeefeeetseefeeetac fax feted oe [x fae Se Pe] feclax lax] a flax lx | a fexlccclece[erclees essere -- (1O[5V A) LOYSVTOONG[ SNUILITY “F6E BPM ae an sl cra BanoRosc THT -QURTD) S1.80.UPYDA SNAUDT “E6E ---gordel(y SUNLIST] SULUL'T “Z -sosse-==> odoog sugnseu sntUe'yT ros Frses-=-= SnOvUUL] SISUAUOLONy, SsuTUe’y costes seas quem) spequaargD adtajoph yy B SULITLO: I 7 AD @ apouvhy 1134. ne sis Cee eee eee NATIONAL MUSEUM. 7 y PROCEEDINGS OF THE 562 ed raeyeyy =< uRlIseg ‘ovUEpUlyy “TINS roe, ‘souvnpuRqzREy onbupurreyy 9 Ne ‘o10p a ‘un dnqig “oy moyy | “SBABUNE) | $ -rofinbr *ponatzaoN—LSIT NOILNATaLsid ie) “SOuTBIUTe “--"") OTRpPpooMT, SisuouBALyed 1o5 ay TR Ser ee eee “=p adavyg Joyway LOS LUD oaet4 » (urpeurr)) Supeqdooouryeut sudosoyy ae (LIOPVATBS) snjIysSOKN snydoj0N0g | ee ee poadaeyy sdoonerays o[oy “7 7>> 1980.10 A\ PUB SUANOG YjOIYWOUW aj0T * | 77 40y8e0r0 Ay pus sung sdaovasaura aj07 * Sie SSRs Ga ieee 0.19999 srsuaLolanbis ajoy * SESSssSesdisiod somes ALIOYS SISWALOPUAUE B)OT * Reg. Tepe ies = (arpautr)) sisuauraddyryd ajoy © [SSE TS See een Pe als edavyg srunpnbyns aj07 -)ee eee e eee eeeee que. sisuabn sajadisdhyy * teres: (op wppeewL) svuuadrianyl sisdo..oqy Bee) yp adaeys sistouracped sisdo.ol gg - cores ---9 (ojaedBaogd) SIPLILA BUlTyISey FECES te JUBLY) SNYDPUDI SNADY.LLDYOPNAST \Paneine CG VGIVYS VIIUDPISNG SaysMigo“puaqr 7777 poyeppssa y, sdootoiouLo sisdornuy 19189010 A\ PUB SLLANOG, DINU D7Y9W0IY 7 se eesansce O199}H SISUAUDPUMU 01490177 wnepee nr sss recs sne B1IIJQ VIVUNIISY 17491907. woe eee terete te eee eee » edieyg vyeVol[ey BIYOLO0[ 4d PESOS io Fess palVUlaT[IMA 2yA0La7II0y SNUOLOD TT AGE Sle oh caae ees 91IOIR SISUIUDPULUL SNUOLID]T * Fe eS Sa edivyy sda01j021.4s snuo1onyy *¢ a CE (819948) SNIDPADIOMDVU SYULOLAYSOZT °F “---(aT7Bepps9aM 7.) s7pj.dyo sru.t0.1aysozZ * pease (SUISVIG) 2407070 SYUL0.1aISOZ * --=-QUBry snapubhd SLULOMIASOZ * BOG asc OE cE OSG JUBIL) VUNOISVUUIPE SULLOLIIBOZ * Prd IONIC) Rare rata IC) JUBIT) IAYaPYMN SULOLISOG *) Sc nay eo) Pign mp IGHOr Pooch oRot JURVIL) SNIDLGS SVUWLO.1A)80ZG * ps SS » pAVULGT[IM+4) SISHOMBART RO SLULIOXTPL hai eke ad ici ies Dake is ea ia » adivYS IpOOM SIMLOXIY wee[tetleec|ee-)-222e5ec: aTeppooA [, Msoveds ny doqowohsnq eee) ie » (9[BppoeeA T,) SUOAPYNA sNUrpany, BES OS i bee a quRrr) WwnsoLbu 019UI907)0) -- --- “0.10 A\ PUB SULNOG s2.0pY10.1ad Ns 179190997, east Sie kore 12) pe aoe (SHISV[g) IpypUhny a207y * Gor 563 PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS, 0. 1134. “ATO dnois UBMLTR YY ial ina sreprt testes odaByg snauounuurs snydovoaz co reen cess (Mery “a7 °x)) snfns snydes0e7 soootreses-(AB Ty “y) srayje ouoydtsdaoy, ~-- 19480010 pue summog ynvs nunprdryay odavyg srquaagy nanprdryap (asses) sdaovupho punprdvyay SLOSLA Sinbwopihu vanprdriyy qa deel \sie a siate: - 9.109}5 anuajay spriumounliy, sso s5-5-(QTRppadA T,) $2789)000 spr_inounhyy) “= ==" 9.100]9 sasualnuLns svuLliyjpodhy Se aed ile edunys swnyusadns svuhypodhy sel lateral ptelal| a mcsm intel oleh (januppog) voanze siruAygod A Fy |» (journo T,) VuovjouTOUR AO BID AdoqyuR xX (yOULULUO |) VUTSsLoreU VIS Adoyyue XY ----9daeyg TUB Udejs0M BLNdBoDsn Py ssoecieicieie = QUBLy) sIsWaIWEZN) DNdDIVSNIT solctoterajeisieis eh eo gre as torches "" 19989010 | pue suinog sisuammums myndnovsnqt ~* SULISR[G SisuaunpUN DyNTndISNnTT “(QOYULMG) BIOSTOSIIo vdBorosn yy BREE ROR SOC De BOLJeIY SLUJSOILYV] XVUOISTY DSRS Popes sTaeqey wards awobhsay Rees YUOSSPOTT VOUTSUAIay MOPlToyorute FL SARA I D (UT[OULD) BOTATQIS TOPLotorute Fy [joate Setareieta\e re cesta ars (aeeppog) 410} OSvTR'T rs eat Reta aE AFI 2 (919049) Lou abypDo'T See ahaa ae (qQATE) VanapoUMpauU abopD'T ~-- AOSUIBYT MB[PABA\ SNAOU 8N2000.0L10g Oh fox 9.199}8 Sisvajphia) 8N}2000401.0T ae PAVLUOT[LW) avnsayouMUl SN}0I0LIMAT -*"==* QABUSOLBT SNAIOMLD SNJOIOIOTIOg RIP DIERKS ------ py yATg snows’ sngooo.0ldeg ~- (LOSER, - MULT Pa AA) UWN.1097) DULOSIO Dp Ay ater sr er es - OT IBYS 4pala0da DULOSN ODP A REO AOR OE 919919 sasvahinund puULosnjop ry goes (o[Bppo9oA TL) ssWaUDpPUML DULOSYOD AT (WATE) swaasaynwapa DULOSDOp AT 77" VURIL) SUSUANgad SAPD. ee a D199] SISUALOPAUl SAPVULNZAW ta ube 210949 sisuatinund sapvun.ey scigeketsi ras -= ===" (1oqquyy) Wyoo0y sapien. LIOPBATRS 1pupuUraypynb saprvuinzs ~s="-(q1aRppog) S72N198 saprUunqwpy “DY (AON “ST '_) SISMOA]VUINS SOplIUABLy Keke notes ond ot celal “- "910099 007]8 DUALT podavyg NTBppeesy Vuery inaes| sores s= QC IBYS SAULDIYIOUD)AUL DUALT clagtibensto|| sicls we torres -SI0STA DYsDbounfia DUALT ss se ===) (QTRpPp9OMT,) SMOLJTo19ULD SnyOTOMOA | Gera ay oe a (1jodoog) .aranr0b sngououohg “60S “G0G “10S “00S 66P “86F “LOF “96P “C6P “F6P “ROP “G6P “L6P “O6F “68h “88h “LBP “98h “GBP “P8P “ERP “G8P “18P “08P “OLP “BLP “LLY ‘OLD “GLY “PLY “SLY “GLP ‘TLY “OLY “69P “B9F “LOV “‘99F “GOF “POF “EOF “GOP ‘Atao duos uraepeg L \0T 06 \6€ 6IL0SLF PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. a) andi “URTISRg | “UTM Srure ‘soUBNpUL}RY 8F FL \98Z/FEL/CO LF |TL |8T1/\96 |TL1\86 \SeT/L8 |FS | ele Bi a Q|'A4 B\ oO) B22 24 = j=} 7 2/8) a/2/& B'S} BUTE tenis |S =|°o|s Bl )al elo Be ee = Sy) se w= 2 © e . a a : ® —-— ———— — | — es re ge at aS ah soroads WMO [240 7, *(adavyg) enburdoad vy paark (edaeyg) 12100)8 DUT pe a eo (ojavdeuog) tia[[onuL vyyt psie'sise-e ae s tot ORSAY 77100021.0 DIP polpgeis.s vores UBUD SLI, 1Y90Y DIT GESe nm Deriies= yourmwMay, WQsvbowyphisa 07907 raat igs ECT ERO (olog) BYeB[OLIys Opanalzy SEs soos piedg voruvael opunaly Spsir gir TPodoog srRinggns opunacyy gree Sn series ees -7-++--( (BIO) SISMOUIS O[L}0D SIRE de quRry novujny7doriad sdoan77DV,) Renee at AOSUIBIT-MBTPIV A, 1701M0y DIYdAy poadieys snovyytiaoe Biypdig ---qunay siswaunbua nrydiy podaeys tenduray engdig -----(adaeyg) sisuauaddywyd piydiy SRA ae aa » (pjeysaoy{) svurnAueg verqpdtg JUBIL) sYMpUaUhrUE DjOLDdo WY ----- (adavys) sisuaiinund npowmdoyy qistetaisinic.s atl (Xejasoyy) vaonayo nydo,0jdhay eS gicists Tah ls seiee eae seis 19489910 pue suinog srimnhrianl nydojojdisg Sed eens Agpesoyy winsosbru ny dojopdhag ---p proyeqrg Ay visAdoqqurx vydopoyd Aa more » (MOSUTBAG) SISMaMO[Aa0 VdeRoroIyNy) Brie esis (ooRT[VA\) voquRiIT edeorrpnyg epee inte stale a es etatata arate eee eam 19} -$00.10 AA PUR SUAINOG 82.10)]N90 sHLhUoUry yy | a ae a 1BISIILO A puv summog siwnynhiqn sprifimouryay BOT ESE alate a i query svubisur spihiuoumyy adainyg vpnnons spihiucourysy asic itis sais » adivyg sueosouvdso sugyde007 “OUVqeleg ‘soroads JO SATB NT 564 “‘ponttztoON—LSIT NOLLAATLSId no.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. INDEX TO GENERA INCLUDED IN THE DISTRIBUTION LIST. -GCHONIG Seco neaoesececesessose= soeecomacn 554 BRCTIOOUNETOS see sain onic oie alata aise epcieicnals am nme 558 BRETOCEDNMIUSt ss aaae = joe cctcieiase esc 561 AGG THINITEGS SSS Se eee Eee Bene Ber meme sere 553 ENE OMG NIN Mamata cia ao a=) n yaeewcles/semince == 562 _AGUIDGINT SA Ses Sage re Ones SBS Cece Sree 559 LATTE MOMS e et ere. See,s misma at eal ace aecla ete eee 559 BMC CUO tae arisen sae cele Seca es cs ences = 555 OM Gs. ch sosebeacsoe sees cues dasnsceresiere 555 _aligconlere-alGaesoseanan en aSanee eee eeereees 563 SCTE O EE SS Gne Ree See a acre aeeree 552 TORIES SEARS Oe SOS SSeS e ce ere tes eee 554 “Ancylochilus ....-.- Bide ametoss see se ace cee 553 EATOUS Cees amano) = ce miae aes oS bereietasisis = 552 PNGHOHNTEPLES!.---.------o..------ aee---- 959-560 BMITGhTACOCOLOS -= 3=,55 22-25 sccwaccsessscssss- 556 PACGIN Bek atiels sorte iciaraiaioa cle Sa eisieisiclatenine 2 559 PETIGO PSUS \ ose oasis Sse ei ciniee 2 ee = sinieGien sees © 562 er CHNOUNOL Aare. oe! isn nen bem es eecs sees =.= 559 ATOR ee a OG ROG BC CHER BOSE > See eee es 553 Par Cuan ee.) oe eo ee eae ogee 008 MAO TIAP UO cparst fe xia) a clo aisfajarnie/=\=inlcio slaje © wisie'cinjelee 552 ATION GS ee Chee er et ose o een ee ee Eee 563 AT TamMeUS).-=-=---- Be ore ee tate anne teeter aiaiatars 561 NOS PN eee erate cat Sale lcy= ma Siolctela' = lore waterciasia aie 5d4 Mr airACHOSPOMUS. =< a2 acai cee asses seese 555 SD ite ae an ce eiatcicis.< cin tetas miaeiniernice cris bole a. 554 BP OMMODSITLACU Bias. asc5e Sees ce ceinain ste. 557 BESTE ty GT te ola elated tm lerolelela celal ere ieieie mie sil = 561 ID OP mier petaciamcncici asst csc cicclcs oarew iss < 555 JS iNOS Sa baa See ee OSES ee Cee ae aes Serer 553 ISTAGCINGD 3 oda dona sebeseseEe Ios ce DBO apaeae 558 PRIMAS UT crocs 5 cee aoc cio ceases ciaece suns | uHE! PB OMLOS eres ees= eens <2 oo cans Pa sjae ea eo 553 AOAC ALMA Perera So afleaia awn Sslarcteessigciess tances 557 IO ACOMAN UIA eile spate ea ee eisi5 eos = eens sete 557 MTC ODS easee vsccicet adie awe seaa~ shot eee 564 (CHINTO MO aa ascecS cena neo enebr aap aeee eo aeeams 561 MOGHAS ase Ne chee Se Sr octet a tios soos. eee 552 SOLO HIS SHEE ra acne see oe nie nies eta - 1s as\eisne 558 (CAV Oct ANTS Aan saan eS eaEeo Sco AsopEEHaaoee 556 (Cnn Ie) HUGS: oh soho one ppOo saa aeEoSSesecsnr 551 WENGLOPUS se < ce on =e coco s senses cess acces 557 WETCNNGIS see. asc aea sect eekee oe acs Se cees 555 CGT Gia eh crests < Seria: = bcten siaeecinme cleats sce 561 IG ONE ace sei cio cieinieis aso eiea nie ioe semis esis'sisia = 555 (CINE GHIDT AS Ree Gao ce tes Peer ae acres tee 556 BB a COC OC ON Xecata ome ia ete Sia re lostaPete cio far 557 Chalcophapsyacastiia- ssc ciseoe oss ace ec= 552 MBNA COSLEU Ate ian Seance seen eees Satie ae 559 OHA TAO TUS Sa7e oteie aye a ietn lee = cpa saictsaie steraisl=ie= fr. — Ges RODD I te eee rete eer cine meri eneien eenoee 558 Ohm ALUNOMNISte oc ecteecet see ene arene ono 561 AOIMONOD SIS ie aeiratsssiset as ete emis =n eiat= == Slee 562 (CHG arg pte Bel As ie ee ee as 559 Chrysocolaptest - =.= =--.=--5 sScsosccsecs=se 557 MOINS peje pinio te ete =m Pega siete siee cimeeSeiee Sm 559 CIN CI See oe eee ence Sor ees eee ieine 554 Wistic olan. =e aes eee eee occse ne eetteens 565 WAttOCINClAia.2 <5 nis cacee ease oe ete 561-562 (GOCEYSUOS aa ai cies ns oe eyo: Se si2)e siejere ee ae ay « 556 WolloOCaligreeres sas aoe = ose scion see ose 556 COMM Dacia 1s oetiee ae ete kc sascccses case 551 ge. Conse bNseyce eects eee aioe ts cee see Le 561 Woroneiarccs aoe ee seiemrs| teenies ea sinveii tae 5's 558 COTA AaS eect te ese eae ois tae eS Oa 558 COU Base ees ee ne Sa sesiaaeiseeoenss ceeetee 564 Granorrhintstocce-eceen secre, seaee ee eee ee. 556 CrIMI POI ee sacinis oases sale sees ase ee eee 560 IUWIWIE aso ccocoe eect eenceemomnnease ceaeae Sof | ‘Pseudotharrhaleus: --ss—>-e-es sees eee 562 TO ee ee ais oa eo ara ores einins 559) | iPtilocichla 2c. - sesso ese eee eee eee 562 Tees O11 O] eee eesti aintel = .< | oat PS al eel neers (oe Ue PEON MROREMIMITS: WHO GM. ee emails Sen arn «ania oaae smeniee ae Xe eX |] ok = BGA Sad Sees eee eece ORIGINS POM MLUS (ee oo sae Saas oles cost ain ne Sas Nols oe se 2S gen Meat ase, (Mex Hex oscil o/s SPE NMANUNOMMOMA ANUCTMNCGIA <= -- 2 eee ow wwe nan enn=ne 2S | Sb aj Bace ie. Sonc kaa osScedseosessess oS WS. Sr1 le> Sal ese eae Sees yer ened |e fs. Dicaeum haematostictum.....---.-.2-----------s.ss.525--- De >. < |e ecl cog bons bose aaes ase! Sac Sere Paes Cintocincla superciliaris -...-.-------..---- --nenne-aeceeee ee ee lS a el Pe Dea Ca el Pom eAuHOCING Aa eT ONO esac aie ocicic'=ni- o=\e'e cin aieinis civle alm vieie === {82:8 dla5o0 | EOeS noea ear Meme seee tear cee PANY CLOLOPNA SPOCIOS® <<. = oc ciniars ere innieic ae eie oso enesianisie ox | 9G = BE Re eee Seid ape tence Iorrae DEMS LANA ESE PANAVONSISs 22.55 x.o-5:: 5 wlaje'afore.cie onic elvis 0 eleiewiciewe 12S 1) | S289 once een oe peas acer Bue OMIROM A PANAYVONBIS = 2156 since cea oe sans ce ceenins =a == 58,6 | 95-32 nee ooee Pema gear Saar (lSe.zte Pemivnipidnrasalbiventrisi. <5. 22-22) a05 2 siceciceccecee cece ieee SESS 1\ie-cy eee ae Bee Beste leer pieebinomyias albigularis: ~~ + .2<-.csccesss.en--ceessnesseces: i239 eso) 2.9 | bose een lsese lersxeralliae ime aoe PomnSLONATOLA PANDY SDSISiso< so siecle sale caisicicfeie'scsciaecesteciciceincs| oP Sel Bos ees GBeclanes ees bebe lees Elo ta Deemer pee ae oes ener c ans Pee ee Joes Se RCS 20 e220 Ton) tai) Sal) Deleon s | 0 { ' It will be noted that all but ten of these thirty-two species are, so far as we at present know, strictly confined to Negros, Panay, Guimaras, and Masbate. Not one of them has been found in Bohol, and only eight of them are known to occur in Cebu. The apparent differences between Negros, Panay, and Guimaras which this table brings out admit of ready explanation. It will be noted at once that they are nearly all negative—i. e., they consist in the nondiscovery in some of the islands of species which have been found in others. In but a single case have we an instance of the occurrence of different representative species of one of the genera of this table in any two of these islands. If we compare Negros with Panay, for instance, we note that Phabo- treron maculipectus, Halcyon moseleyi, Oriolus nigrostriatus, Aethopyga bonita, Brachypteryx brunneiceps, Turdus nigrorum, and Cittocincla nigyo- rum are recorded from Negros, but not from Panay. Phabotreron maculipectus, Aethopyga bonita, and Rhinomyias albigu- laris are all deep-woods forms, rare and shy. Each of’ these species . Proc. N. M. vol. xx 37 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. was ‘discovered by Bourns and my self in Negros after our work in Panay was concluded. Halcyon moseleyi and Oriolus nigrostriatus are rare birds, while the remaining three species are known only from Whitehead’s specimens, and at least two of them are highland forms. Taking into consideration that the highlands of Panay have never been visited by a collector, and remembering that there are 171 species of birds known from Negros, against but 118 from Panay, it is small i yonder that these 7 comparatively rare species should be recorded — from Negros, but not from Panay. I venture to prophesy that almost i every one of these apparent differences will disappear as Panay becomes ~ better known. It is interesting to note in this connection that only one of the Panay — species of this list is not recorded from Negros, and this species 1s a “frogmouth,” known only from the single specimen obtained by Bourns ~ and myself, Its discovery in Panay was the merest chance, and we never saw a second specimen, The same course of reasoning which has been employed in discussing — the differences between Negros and Panay may be applied to the appar- ent differences between Guimaras on the one hand and Negros and Panay on the other. In the case of Masbate, however, we have some differences of a posi- tive character. Alcyone nigrirostris and Dicaeum haematostictum are — here replaced by Alcyone cyanipectus and Dicaeum rubriventer, AS — Masbate is but 20 miles from the coast of Luzon, and this gap is par- tially bridged by the intervening island of Ticao, it is not to be won- — dered at that some Luzon forms should have straggled in. Seemingly the most important difference between Masbate and Negros is the occurrence in the two islands of different species of Cittocincla. On the whole, however, the relationship between Masbate and the islands with which I have joined it is vastly stronger than between it and Luzon. From these facts it seems to me evident that Negros, Panay, Gui- maras, and Masbate should be grouped together, and probable that they have in the past been actually connected. They are separated from the eastern and southern islands on account of the following differences: First, the occurrence of twenty-two pecul- iar species of birds, and ten others which range only to the Tablas- Romblon-Sibuyan group, or to Cebu; second, the absence of such genera as Phlogoenas, Hydrocorax, Harpactes, Surniculus, Bolbopsittacius, Microstictus, Zosterornis, Macronus, Ptilocichla, Poliolophus, Irena, Peri- crocotus, Arachnothera, and Muscicapula. Glancing for a moment at the mammals, we note that these islands have a spotted deer peculiar to them, and a little tiger cat (Felis ben- galensis) which has not been recorded from any other island of the Philippines proper, while they lack the genera Sciwrus, Sciuropterus, Galeopithecus, and Tarsius, as well as other characteristic mammals of No.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 579 the northern and eastern islands. In short, the evidence furnished by the mammals is strongly confirmatory of the conclusions already reached from our examination of the birds. CEBU. Cebu extends in a northeast-southwest direction for 120 miles, its greatest width being slightly more than 20 miles. At its southern extremity it approaches to within about 4 miles of Negros. As already indicated, Steere has included it in his ‘‘subprovince,” the central Philippines, and a glance at the map certainly would not lead one to expect a fundamental difference between the avifaunae of Cebu and Negros. Nevertheless, I shall attempt to show that such a difference exists. The first really important ornithological work ever done in Cebu was that of Mr. A. H. Everett, who made some interesting finds there dur- ing his famous collecting tour of the islands. The Steere expedition visited the island in 1888, and Bourns and I made vigorous efforts to find forest in the high hills back of the town of Carmen. We met with most indifferent success, finding only now and then a small patch of trees at the summit of some steep incline. The ground was often so treacherous that we were obliged to hunt on all fours, and many of the birds shot were lost, falling far below us, where we could not reach them. Two new species, Cittocincla cebuensis and Ninox spilonotus, were obtained, and Chloropsis flavipennis was seen, but none of Mr. Everett’s other new species were met with. In 1891, while skirting the west coast in a small sugar steamer, we were so fortunate as to discover what we had been assured did not exist in the island, namely, a fair-sized patch of forest on tolerably smooth ground. We were unable to stop at the time, but returned the following year and collected for several weeks with good success, not only rediscovering all of Everett’s new species, but adding a fine new Phabotreron, an Tole, and a Piprisoma to the list ourselves. We also added 37 known species to the Cebu list, bringing the total up to 125, The foliowing species are seemingly peculiar to the island of Cebu: Phabotreron frontalis, Loriculus chrysonotus, Oriolus assimilis, Diceum pallidior, Cryptolopha flavigularis, Cittocincla cebuensis. Tole monticola, Ndoliisoma cebuensis, and Artamides cebuensis. Apart from the presence of these peculiar species, other important differences separate Cebu from the central Philippines. The latter islands have another long-billed Phabotreron (P. maculipectus), another Oriolus (O. nigrostriatus), another Dicaeum (D. dorsale), another Edolii- soma (EH. panayensis), and another Artamides (A. panayensis). We do not find any close ally of the large [ole monticola in the central islands, nor is there any species known which at all resembles the beautiful Prionochilus quadricolor of Cebu. These peculiar species furnish us with important evidence, but it is by no means the only evidence at our disposal. Chloropsis flavipennis affords us another example of a 580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. - VOL. XX. genus conspicuous in the central islands by its absence, while Cebu lacks the genera Chrysocolaptes and Orthotomus, and is without a single known representative of the Bucerotidae and Timeliidae. What have we to set over against this by way of proof of relation- ship with the central Philippines? Simply the occurrence of eight species of birds characteristic, on the whole, of the central group, but in three instances at least (Aethopyga magnifica, Hyloterpe winchelli, and Phabotreron nigrorun) ranging beyond it to the north as well as to Cebu. It seems to me evident from the large number of important forms in the central Philippines which do not occur in Cebu, and from those in — Cebu which are wanting in the central Philippines, that the avifaunae of the two islands were originally very distinct. The wonder is not that eight species should have made their way, in one direction or the other, over 4 miles of sea, but rather that thirty-four species should have failed to cross, or, having crossed, should have failed to establish themselves. In this connection it is interesting to note the absence of deer in ~ Cebu. Felis bengalensis probably occurs, as the natives described it to us. Wesaw a cap made of its fur, and also saw what was apparently the result of a cross between it and a domestic cat. The channel which separates Cebu from Negros, although narrow, is everywhere very deep, the chart showing 110 to 120 fathoms—* no bottom.” I myself found 200 fathoms of water not far from the Negros coast. I believe that this deep channel is indicative of a long-stand- — ing separation between the two islands. It would, it seems to me, be more reasonable to unite the chain of islands which extends from Luzon to Basilan into a single group than to include Cebu with Panay, Guimaras, Masbate, and Negros. BOHOL. The relationship of the birds of Bohol is difficult to determine, as the last trace of virgin forest seems to have long since been swept from the island, and with its disappearance a considerable part uf the — record of Bohol’s past, as furnished by its birds, has been forever blotted out. Of the 54 species of birds known to inhabit the island but 135 are Philippine species, and most of these are widé-ranging forms which afford us no evidence of value. The three exceptions to this rule, Loriculus apicalis, Orthotomus Ls, cea Jrontalis, and Phabotreron brevirostris, all point unequivocally to a — relationship between the birds of Bohol and those of the eastern and southern islands rather than with Cebu or the central Philippines. This view of the position of Bohol is made the more probable by the occurrence of Galeopithecus, a mammal which ranges through the south- ern and eastern islands from Basilan to Luzon, but is unknown in the central group. Vara No.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 581 Although the distance from Bohol to Leyte is slightly greater than that to Cebu, the water between Bohol and Leyte is very shallow, the deepest sounding being but 22 fathoms, while soundings varying from 91 to 105 fathoms have been made in the channel between Bohol and Cebu without getting bottom. If a bit of forest remains on this island it would richly repay a visit. From the evidence at hand I ean only conclude that the island should be grouped with Leyte rather than with Cebn. SIQUIJOR. Siquijor is a small island, with an area of about 90 square miles. It lies some 12 miles southeast of the southern extremity of Negros. There is a tradition among the natives to the effect that the island has been thrown up from beneath the sea within a comparatively short time, and there is abundant geological evidence that this tradition is founded on fact. Every stone cracked open by the hammer shows evident signs of its coral origin. The tops of the highest hills, which rise a thousand feet above sea level, are strewn with the shells of the very same mol- lusks which to-day live along the shores. The hills themselves are mere masses of coral rag, to which a few trees cling with difficulty, as the soil washes down into the valleys almost as fast as it is formed. The fresh-water streams are without fish. The birds of Siquijor form a somewhat miscellaneous assemblage. Ten or 12 miles of water may seem a small matter to us here in Amer- ica, where our change of seasons drives many of our birds from north to south and back again, but in the Tropics, where birds may be born, grow old, and die within the limits of a single grove, and never suffer want of food or shelter, the effect of a barrier of these dimensions is far more noteworthy. In the present instance numerous species of birds have either utterly failed to cross from the neighboring islands, or having reached the island have been unable to live and multiply there. So far as I know the only work ever done on the birds of Siquijor has been that of Mateo Francisco, Bourns, and myself. By diligent search, carried on for weeks on two different occasions, we were able to raise the total number of species of birds recorded to 86. But 34 of these are Philippine species, and, as was perhaps to be anticipated, nearly all of the 54 are species which range widely throughout the archipelago. Not a single one of the species characteristic of the central islands was found in Siquijor. Phabotreron brevirostris, Ceyx bournsi, Halcyon winchelli, and Hyloterpe philippinensis have probably come in from Mindanao, though they might possibly have worked through from Leyte by way of Bohol. To me, however, the most interesting feature of the avifauna of this little island is the occurrence of three well-marked representative species of birds. These are Dicaeum besti, Loriculus siquijorensis, and Tole siquijorensis, 5&2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. The occurrence of these three peculiar species on an island which has recently been heaved up from beneath the sea would present an interesting problem to nonbelievers in evolution. How did these species get into Siquijor? There are but two possible theories: They are the modified descendants of species that have straggled into the island, or a special creative act has recently been necessary, in order to populate Siquijor with birds. It is interesting to note that no Megapodiidae, Turnicidae, Buceroti- dae, Capitonidae, Picidae, Dicruridae, Sittidae, Paridae, or Timeliidae are known from the island, although each of these families is repre- sented in the islands immediately adjacent. TABLAS, ROMBLON, AND SIBUYAN. So far as I am aware, the only collections of birds ever obtained from these islands are those made there by m self in 1892. 1 had hoped for much from Sibuyan, knowing that it was surrounded by water of considerable depth, but I fully expected to find old friends in the birds of Tablas. The results of my work show very conclusively the folly of attempting to draw « priori conclusions as to the avifaunae of adjacent islands from their geographical relationship as shown on a chart which does not give accurately the depth of the water between them. Tablas is a well-wooded island some 30 miles in length, by 8 to 10 in width. A range of high hills runs from north to south near the east coast. During my stay in the island I was in such poor health as not once to be able to set foot in the forest. I was fortunate in baving with me as a hunter, however, Mateo Francisco, a Philippine native, who was brought to this country as a boy by Steere in 1874, returned to the Phil- ippines with us in 1887 and shot the greater part of the birds brought back by Steere in 1588. He remained at his old home in Mindanao when we left the islands, and we picked him up there in 1891. His familiarity with the birds and their ways was so great that I could easily direct his work, sending him for anything I desired, and I felt great confidence in his statements as to the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the commoner forms. Fully expecting to find the birds of Tablas identical with those of Panay, I was pleasantly surprised when Mateo brought in on the first day an Jole larger than any previously discovered in the Philippines, and a fine new Chibia. During my stay in the island he brought me Specimens of 71 species of birds, of which 4 were new. Thirty-six Philippine species were obtained. The following have probably come in from Panay: 1. Phabotreron nigrorum. d. Anthreptes chlorigaster. 2. Prioniturus discurus. 6. Hyloterpe winchelli. 3. Loriculus regulus. 7. Pycnonotus goiavier. 4. Aethopyga magnifica. 8. Pitta atricapilla. Ceyx bournsi and Haleyon winchelli may have followed the same route. The former was obtained in Negros by us, and while the latter has no.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 583 never been secured in the central islands I do not consider its oceur- rence there improbable. The finding of such very common species as Pycnonotus goiavier and Pitta atricapilla is worthy of note merely because we failed to obtain either in Romblon and Sibuyan. The occurrence of Chibia menaget in Tablas is an ornithological puzzle. The only other species of the genus known from the Philip- pines, Chibia borneénsis, has straggled into the extreme southwestern islands from Borneo. The only explanation I can suggest for the occurrence of this well-differentiated form in Tablas is that it is derived from wind-driven stragglers of the Palawan species (C. palawanensis), from the northern islands of the Palawan group. The numerous islets and shoals intervening would afford occasional stopping places, and are, perhaps, indicative of a former closer connection between these islands, though why Chibia should have reached Tablas and be absent in Mindoro and Panay, if it came by this route, I can not see. A second oddity is Rhipidura sauli, which has a close ally in Rhipi- dura cyaniceps of Luzon. Tole cinereiceps is strikingly different from Tole philippinensis, the cen- tral Philippine form. It most nearly resembles Jole monticolu of Cebu. Some intermediate form between the two may yet be discovered in the highlands of the central islands. The occurrence of these three species, as well as that of Dicaeuwm intermedium in the place of D. dorsale, presents an obstacle to group- ing this island with the central Philippines, which is greatly aug- mented by the negative characteristics of its bird fauna. : Of the 29 species previously listed as especially characteristic of the central islands, but four were found in Tablas; and I ought to state here that in the large series of Loriculus regulus obtained in Tablas, tomblon, and Sibuyan not a single male was found with as much orange on the head as is shown by Panay specimens in good plumage. Aleyone is almost certainly absent. We searched the banks of the small streams for it in vain. The Bucerotidae, Capitonidae, and Picidae have not a single species, while Dicrurus is replaced by Chibia. Dicaeum haematostictum does not occur, and the absence of tailor- birds (Orthotomus) is especially striking. The Timeliidae are without a representative. Rhipidura albiventris is replaced by R. sauli and Artamides panayensis by A. mindorensis. These facts, together with the entire absence of deer, lead me to the conclusion that Tablas has not been connected with Panay, at least since the latter island received its present fauna. tomblon is a small island but 4 or 5 miles from Tablas. At present it is almost entirely under cultivation. But two small patches of forest remain on the island. Of the 47 species of birds which I found there, 25 are Philippine. With the exception of Baza leucopais, these have all been found in Tablas also, and B. leucopais, originally discovered in Palawan and since found in Samar by us, may be looked for almost anywhere in the Philippines. 584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. It is not surprising that we should not have found such deep-woods forms as Chibia menagei and Rhipidura sauli in Romblon, as the few acres of forest remaining do not afford them a suitable habitat. The presence of Tole cinereiceps and Dicaeum intermedium will perhaps serve, however, to indicate the relationship of the now rapidly diminishing avifauna of the island. Romblon belongs, I believe, with Tablas, and the two islands must, like Siquijor, be given a place by themselves. Sibuyan is a much more attractive field for the ornithologist than Romblon. It is separated from the latter island by a channel some 6 miles wide and about 100 fathoms deep. In its center the fine peak of Giting-giting rises to a height of 6,500 feet. To the south of Giting-giting is a deep canyon, with the soil and vegetation on its opposite sides quite distinct. Conifers grow at sea level—a most unusual sight in the Philippines. Giting-giting was a perpetual temptation to me, and I twice climbed it to a height of 4,000 feet only to be driven back by the storms which hardly ceased to rage about the mountain during my stay. It is per- haps worthy of note that Aethopyga magnifica and Hyloterpe winchelli were obtained at the highest point reached, while Ceyx bournsi was abundant at a height of 2,000 feet. The lowlands of Sibuyan were in many places abundantly clothed with forest, and the weather there was comparatively favorable for collecting during my stay, so that a good collection of the lowland bids was secured in a short time. Of the 65 species obtained, 36 were Phil- ippine forms. Not one of the four new species discovered in Tablas and Romblon was found in Sibuyan. Jyngipicus menaget and Dicaeum sibuyanicum were the only novelties obtained, although the discovery of Cyanomyias coelestis, hitherto known only from Basilan, Mindanao, and Dinagat, was quite as interesting to me as would have been the finding of a new species. C. coelestis is comparatively common on the island. Three specimens were secured and others seen. Of the remaining species, Phabotreron nigrorum, Aleyone cyanipectus, Prioniturus discurus, Loriculus regulus, Aethopyga magnifica, Antho- threptes chlorigaster, and Hyloterpe winchelli are the only ones of interest. A]l of these are central Philippine forms, and have perhaps found their way into Sibuyan along the route indicated by the line of shoals which connects Sibuyan with Masbate. I can not believe that there has been actual connection here, however, for we are once more confronted with the absence of whole families like the Bucerotidae, Capitonidae, Diceru- ridae, and Timeliidae. No Paridae, Cethiidae, or Pycnonotidae were obtained, although the ground collected over was well suited to them. tepresentatives of the two former families may have been overlooked, however. These facts, as well as the absence of deer, lead me to doubt the exist- ence of any connection between Sibuyan and the islands to the south and east since the latter obtained their present characteristic fauna, * s thei no.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 585 and the absence of the forms peculiar to Tablas and Romblon render it improbable that there has been any recent connection between them and Sibuyan. I venture to prophesy that the first ornithologist who suceessfully attempts to collect ata high altitude on Giting-giting will make some interesting finds. MINDORO. The avifauna of Mindoro has not as yet received the attention which it deserves. The island is of good size, measuring 90 miles in greatest length by 50 in greatest width. Its interior is abundantly clothed with the densest of tropical forests. In the north center rises the magnificent Mount Halcon, the height of which, as obtained by triangulation, is 8,365 feet. A fine chain of mountains stretches away from Halcon to the south. Open grassy plains of large extent are to be found in the south- ern and western portions of the island, and there is excellent collecting ground for aquatic birds about Lake Naujan. Unfortunately there are numerous drawbacks to offset these attrac- tions. The climate is intolerably bad, rain falling in torrents much of the time during nine months of the twelve, and not infrequently during the other three. The coasts of the island, especially the western and southern, are populated by organized bands of thieves and cutthroats (‘‘tuhsanes”), who use Mindoro as a base of operations, and make pirat- ical expeditions against the peaceable natives and Spanish planters on the neighboring islands. Several most fiendish deeds were perpetrated by these brutes during our stay in the island. The interior of Mindoro is sparingly peopled by a race of almost naked savages, the ‘* Mangyans,” or ‘*Manguyanes,” who were repre- sented to us as head hunters, cannibals, and what not, but proved to be harmless as children so long as they were decently treated. One may scare the “ tuJisanes ” without much exertion, for they are most desperate cowards, and very superstitious at that; he may easily make friends with the savages, but there is one dangerous enemy in Mindoro from which there is no escape—the pestiferous fevers bred by the decaying vegetation in the dense lowland forests—and the man who collects there can make up his mind beforehand to be ill. Mindoro has been not inaptly dubbed by the natives * the white man’s grave.” During the comparatively short stay of the Steere expedition in Min- doro in 1888, most of our time was given to hunting the ‘ timarau” (Bubalus mindorensis, Heude), and comparatively little work was done on the birds, yet several interesting new species were discovered. Not long after our departure Schmacker made a collection of birds in the vicinity of Mount Halcon, but most of his discoveries had been antici- pated by the Steere expedition. When Bourns and [ returned to the island in 1891 we found that the well-known German collector, Doctor Platen, aided by his wife and a force of native hunters, had been in the island for more than a vear 586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. and had shipped extensive collections home. Knowing the thorough- ness with which Platen’s work is usually done, it did not seem to us worth while, under the cireumstances, to give much time to the birds, and during that and our subsequent visit to the island we devoted ourselves chiefly to collecting mammals, reptiles, and land mollusc: For some unexplained cause no account of Platen’s collections has ever appeared, a fact which is greatly to be regretted. Quite recently Everett undertook an expedition to the island, which he was unfortunately compelled to abandon before it was fairly begun. Unfortunately he chose the worst possible months for visiting an island which has a sufficiently abominable climate at best, and in comparison with what he has accomplished in several other localities his results are disappointing. As aresult of all this collecting but 134 species are known from this Finally, Whitehead has attempted to work the highlands of Mindoro, large, well watered, and magnificently wooded island, and it is certainly true that much remains to be done in Mindoro. Sixty-four of the known species are strictly Philippine forms. The following species are peculiar to the island so far as we at present know, though they may be discovered in the at present unknown islands Ylin and Lubang, or in smaller islands near Mindoro. 1. Carpohaga mindorensis. 7. Loriculus mindorensis. 2. Phlogoenas mindorensis. 8. Thriponaxs mindorensis. 3. Penelopides mindorensis. 9. Turdus mindorensis. 4. Centropus mindorensis. 10. Geocichla cinerea. 5. Centropus steerii. 11. Jole mindorensis. 6. Prioniturus mindorensis, Upon comparing the remaining species with the corresponding Luzon forms, we note that the Mindoro species Phlogoenas platenae, Penelopides mindorensis, Loriculus mindorensis, Thriponax mindorensis, and Ceyx everythra are replaced in Luzon by Phlogoenas luzonica, Penelopides manillae, Loriculus philippensis, Thriponax javensis, and Ceyx melanura, respectively. On the other hand, the following species are common to Luzon and Mindoro, most of them being confined to these islands and the smaller ones umnmediately adjacent: . Phabotreron leucotis. 10. Dicaeum wxanthopygium. . Carpophaga carola. 11. Prionochilus inexpectatus. . Porphyrio pulverulentus. 12. Zosterops aureiloris. Alcyone cyanipectus. 13. Brachypteryx poliogyna. . Lyngipicus validirostris. 14. Hyloterpe albiventris. . Dicrurus balicassius. 15. Lanius validirostris. Chlorura brunneiventris. 16. Lalage melanolenca. Aethopyga flavipectus. 17. Stoparola nigrimentalis. Dicaeum retrocinctum, Turning now to the negative differences between the two islands, I propose to confine myself to cases in regard to which there can be no doubt, omitting mention of a number of genera which have not been no.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 587 found in Mindoro, and which I believe will not be found there, Ghoaen they may have been thus far overlooked. Hydrocorax does not occur in Mindoro, although the island is seem- ingly remarkably well adapted to it. So of Harpactes, and of the three peculiar Luzon cookoos, Centropus unirufus, Dasylophus superciliosus, and Lepidogrammus cumingi. Bolbopsittacus is lacking and so are Chrysocolaptes and Microstictus. There seems to be no Orioius of the O. steertitype. No Anthothreptes has as yet been found, though I spent a number of days collecting in cocoanut groves. Tailor birds (Ortho- tomus) are certainly absent, and Cittocincla is probably so. Jrena is certainly, and Zosterornis probably, lacking. The facts above enumerated, as well as the absence of the character- istic Luzon mammals in Mindoro, and that of Bubalus mindorensis in Luzon, have forced me to the conclusion that the faunae of the two islands were originally fundamentally distinct. It certainly requires no stretch of the imagination to suppose that the Luzon birds found in Mindoro may have crossed at Puerto Galler: by way of isla Verde. LUZON, MARINDUQUE, AND CATANDUANES. The avifauna of Luzon is better known than that of any other island of the Philippine group. Nearly every ornithological collector who has visited the archipelago has been forced to go there whether he would or not, and most of the collectors who have visited Manila have improved the opportunity to do more or less work, although their operations have been for the most part confined to the immediate vicinity of that city. Luzon is the largest of the Philippine Islands, and with its extensive fresh-water lake, great rivers, and lofty forest-clad mountains it offers splendid collecting ground. My personal familiarity with the island is slight. During our first visit to the Archipelago neither Bourns nor I fired a gun there. At the beginning of our second visit we went to the Laguna de Bay for three weeks, to ‘-break in,” but were unfortunate in the locality we selected, which was too far from the forest, and were hindered by torrents of rain which fell almost wi'hout interruption during our stay. My last trip in the islands was to have been to North Luzon and the Batanes and Babuyanes groups. To myeverlasting regret, an attack of typhoid fever made it necessary for me to abandon this long-cherished plan and leave the Philippines once for all. In spite of bad collecting ground and worse weather, the results of our three weeks’ work in Luzon were such as to convince us that much remained to be done there, and it was with genuine satisfaction that we learned of the intended visit to the island of Mr. John Whitehead, so well known from his remarkable work on Mount Kina Balu, in Borneo. 588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xx. The splendid results of Whitehead’s work in Luzon have been made known to the readers of the Zbis through the interesting papers of Mr. W. RR. Ogilvie Grant. Whitehead not only collected in various parts of the island remote from the capital, but pushed into the highlands, reaching ground where no collector had ever set foot before. Just what it means to get to the places which he reached, and to stay there and collect after getting there, no one can realize who has not had experience with Spanish. ofticialdom and the Philippine native, his country, and its climate. Of the 286 species of birds recorded from Luzon, no less than 136 are Philippine species. The following seem to be peculiar to this island and the smaller ones immediately adjacent to it: 1. Turnix ocellata. 27. Hudrepanis jefferyi. 2. Phabotreron leucotis. 28. Cinnyris flagrans. 3. Ptilopus marchei. 29. Cinnyris whiteheadi. 4. Phlogoenas luzonica. 30. Cinnyris excellens. 5. Scops megalotus. 31. Picaeum obscurum. 6. Scops longicornis. 32. Zosterops meyeni. 7. Scops whiteheadi. 33. Zosterops luzonica. 8. Balrachostomus microrhynchus. 34. Lusciniola seebohmi. 9. Halcyon lindsayi. 35. Cettia seebohmi. 10. Penelopides manillae. 36. Chimarrhornis bicolow. 11. Centropus unirufus. 37. Orthotomus derbianus. 12. Dasylophus superciliosus. 38. Orthotomus chloronotus. 15. Lepidogrammus cumingi. 39. Cittocincla luzoniensis. 14. Prioniturus luconensis. 40. Zosterornis striatus. 15. Prioniturus montanus. 41. Zosterornis whiteheadi. 16. Bolbopsittacus lunulatus. 42. Zosterornis dennistount. 17.. Loriculus philippensis. 43. DPseudotharrhaleus caudatus, 18. Chrysocolaptes haematribon. 44. Irena cyanogastra. 19. Microstictus funebris. 45. Artamides striatus. 20. Oriolus albiloris. 46. Rhipidura cyaniceps. 21. Oriolus isabellae. 47. Rhinomyias insignis. 22. Loxia luzoniensis. 48. Siphia enganensis. 23. Pyrrhula leucogenys. 49. Siphia herioti. 24. Mirafra philippinensis. 50. Callaeops periopthalmica, 25. Rhabdornis mystacalis. 51. Pitta kochi. 26. Dendrophila mesoleuca. We have, then, 51 species not known from the Philippines outside of Luzon, Marinduque, and Catanduanes. Eleven of the genera repre- sented are peculiar, and no one can object to Steere’s assigning Luzon and its small neighbors to a place of their own. It should be remem- bered, however, that of the above-enumerated species 33, including all but 3 of the peculiar genera, were discovered by Whitehead. Just how many of them are highland forms we are not informed, but. cer- tainly a considerable number. Until the highlands of the remaining islands have been worked as thoroughly as have those of Luzon, there is, therefore, danger of exaggerating the distinctness of the Luzon avifauna. i ee, la Nno.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 589 Marinduque is an island nearly round in outline, and about 40 miles in diameter. It lies some 20 miles from the coast of Luzon, but the intervening space is partially bridged by several islets, and the water is shallow. The birds of this island are known chiefly through the collections of the Steere expedition, made in 1888. Our headquarters were at Boac, and there was no really good collecting ground within reach. We obtained 74 species of birds, however. Every one of the Philippine species obtained in Marinduque is also recorded from Luzon, while the occurrence of such species as Hydrocorax hydrocorax, Penelopides manillae, Dasylophus superciliosus, Lepidogrammus cumingi, Prioniturus luconensis, Loriculus philippensis, Chrysocoiaptes haematribon, Micros- tictus funebris, and Cittocinela luzoniensis is proof positive that Marin- duque is to be considered a fragment of Luzon. Catanduanes is a larger island than Marinduque. It lies east of the southern portion of Luzon, and is distant about 6 miles from that ‘island. I know nothing of it personally, but my friend, Sor. José Quadras, the well-known conchologist, who has gathered land mollusea on the island, informed me that it was mountainous and abundantly wooded. Its birds are known to us only through the collections of Whitehead, the first ornithologist to visit it. As in the case of Marinduque, all the Philippine species recorded are also known from Luzon, while the oceurrence of the following characteristic Luzon species makes it safe for us to class it as another detached fragment of that island: 1. Phabotreron leucotis. 5. Microstictus funebris. 2. Dasylophus superciliosus. 6. Cinnyris excellens. 3. Loriculus philippensis. 7. Orthotomus derbianus. 4. Lyngipicus validirostris. 8. Cittocincla luzoniensis. FUGA. - Fuga is one of the Babuyanes islands. It lies some 15 miles off the north coast of Luzon. Mr. Whitehead made a brief enforced stay there, being driven off shore while attempting to make Cape Engano. One of the seven species of birds obtained makes us wish that he had tarried long enough to make a more complete collection. In Hyp- sipetes fugensis we have the only known Philippine representative of this genus. The remaining forms give us no clew as to whether or not there is a close relationship between the Fuga and Luzon birds. The collector who is plucky enough to face the strong winds and dangerous currents which make navigation among the Batanes and Babuyanes islands so dangerous that the mail steamers make the run but twice a year, “weather permitting,” will make valuable discoveries, provided he can reach the more important islands of the chain and contrive to live on them after he gets there. 590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. SAMAR, LEYTE, AND PANAON. For the purposes of this paper Samar and Leyte may be considered to form a continuous area, for the channel which separates them is very narrow and is dotted with numerous islets, so that it does not form an appreciable barrier. The first collections of importance in Samar were those made by the Steere expedition. Bourns and I made a second trip to the island upon our return to the Philippines, and more recently Whitehead has visited it twice, his first collection having unfortunately been destroyed. The first collector to visit Leyte was Everett, who worked at the southern extremity of the island. Steere made a short collecting trip in the vicinity of Tacloban in 1888, arid Whitehead concluded his Philip- pine work at the northern end of the island after an ineffectual attempt to reach Biliran. Whitehead was unable to reach good collecting ground in the high- lands of either Samar or Leyte. One hundred and fifty species are known from Samar, against 119 from Leyte. The only differences worth mentioning that are brought out by comparing the species known from the two islands are due to the occurrence in southern Leyte of a few Mindanao species, which apparently do not range northward into Samar. he following peculiar species are sufficient to give to the avifauna of these islands a good deal of individuality : 1. Aleyone fluminicola. 12. Oriolus samarensis. 2. Ceyx samarensis. 13. Orthotomus samarensis. 3. Hydrocorax semigaleatus. 14. Zosterornis pygmaeus. 4. Penelopides samarensis. 15. Zosterornis nigrocapitatus. 5. Bolbopsittacus intermedius. 16. Rhabdornis inornatus. 6. Loriculus worcesteri. 17. Ptilocichla minuta. 7. Lyngipicus leytensis. 18. Irena ellae. 8. Chrysocolaptes rufopunctatus. 19. Pericrocotus leytensis. 9. Thriponax pectoralis. 20. Muscicaputla samarensis. 10. Sarcophanops samarensis. 21. Hypothymis samarensis. 11. Corvus samarensis. 22, Cyanomyias helenae. -anaon is known to us only through the collections of Everett. Of the 20 species of birds which he obtained, only Chrysocolaptes rufo- punctatus, Thriponax pectoralis, and Hydrocorax semigaleatus afford evidence as to the zoological position of the island. These all point to a close relationship with Leyte, of which Panaon probably at one time formed a southern projection. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LUZON, SAMAR, AND LEYTE. T have already given a list of 51 species not recorded outside of Luzon and the small islands immediately adjacent to it. In comparing the birds of Luzon with those of Samar and Leyte we must add to this list xo. 1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 591 2 < the following species common to Luzon and Mindoro, but not known to range to the south: 1. Carpophaga carola. 7. Dicaeum retrocinctum. 2. Porphyrio pulverulentus. 8. Dicaeum xanthopygium. 3. Lyngipicus validirostris. 9. Lanius validirostris. 4. Dicrurus balicassius. 10. Hyloterpe albiventris. 5. Chlorura brunneiventris. 11. Lalage dominica. 6. Aethopyga flavipectus. 12. Brachypteryx poliogyna. This gives us the rather imposing total of 63 Luzon forms not found in Samar as yet, and if we add the 22 Samar species not recorded from Luzon the total difference between the two regions is great. I wish, however, to call attention to certain common features in the avifaunae of the two islands. The only families of land birds of which represent- atives have been found in Luzon, but not in Samar or Leyte, are the Strigidae, Caprimulgidae, Fringillidae, Alaudidae, and Paridae. It ean hardly be doubted that, with the possible exception of the Pringillidae, representatives of all these families will eventually be found in Samar and Leyte, and in the case of the Fringillidae we must remember that the highlands of these islands are yet to be heard from. Apart from the practical agreement of the families represented, sev- eral of which are confined in the Philippines to the eastern and southern islands, we find the following genera ranging from Mindanao to Luzon, in some cases even from Tawi Tawi to Luzon, but not recorded from the central Philippines: 1. Phlogoenas. 10. Microstictus. 2. Microhierax. 11. Eudrepanis. 3. Pithecophaga (probably). 12. Zosterornis. 4. Bubo. 13. Poliolophus. 5. Scops. 14. Irena. 6. Hydrocorax. 15. Muscicapula. 7. Lyncornis. 16. Pericrocotus. 8. Harpactes. 17. Surniculus. 9. Bolbopsittacus. It would seem, then, that there is a general relationship between the chain of islands forming the eastern and southern Philippines, and as a further evidence of the closeness of this relationship it will be found that at each of the natural barriers in this chain there is more or less overlapping of species. Harpactes ardens, Surniculus velutinus, Prioniturus discurus, Anthothreptes griseigularis, Dicaewm rubriventer, Dicaeum luzoniense, Hyloterpe philippinensis, Lalage minor, and Polio- lophus urostictus are species which illustrate the partial overlapping of the avifaunae of Samar and Luzon. Such a large number of genera are known to have different rep- resentative species in Samar and Luzon as to warrant the supposi- tion that a considerable amount of difference will remain in the avi- faunae of the two islands when our knowledge of Samar and Leyte becomes as complete as is our knowledge of Luzon at present, but when we remember that the apparent differences are due in 592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NAITONAL MUSEUM. Or, 2 no small degree to the fact that the highlands of the more southern islands are still quite unknown, it seems probable that further work will tend to decrease rather than to increase them. It is perhaps worth while to note in passing that Samar seems to be the northern limit in the Philippines of the genera Macronus, Ptilo- cichlu, and Sarcophanops. Some of these genera may yet be discovered — in Luzon, but it seems to me improbable that they should have been — overlooked by Whitehead, who spent upward of two years in the island. — One Samar-Leyte form has always puzzled me. Why should Thri- ponax javensis give way in Samar and Leyte to so well-marked a species as Thriponax pectoralis, and then reappear in Luzon? THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SAMAR, LEYTE, AND MINDANAO. With the single exception of Pericrocotus leytensis every one of the peculiar Samar-Leyte species is known to have an ally in Mindanao, and most of them have very close allies. I believe that Pericrocotus, which reappears in Sulu, will eventually be found in Mindanao and the other intervening islands. A still further indication of the closeness of the relationship between the birds of Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao is found in the following species which are common to the three islands, but are lacking in the central and western islands. Species that range northward to Luzon or Mindoro are prefaced by an *, those that range westward to Cebu Bohol, or Siquijor by af: : “1. Phabotreron amethystina. *16. Anthothreptes griseigularis. t2. Phabotreron brevirostris. 17. Dicaeum cinereigulare. 3. Phlogoenas crinigera. 18. Dicaewn everetti. 4. Scops everetti. 19. Prionochilus olivaceus. 15. Microhierax meridionalis. +*20. Hyloterpe philippinensis. 6. Pithecophaga jefferyi. 21. Orthotomus frontalis. *7, Harpactes ardens. 22. Zosterornis capitalis (Leyte only). 8. Surniculus velutinus. 23. Macronus mindanensis. 9. Centropus melanops. 24. Tole everetti. 10. Microstictus fuliginosus. *25. Poliolophus urostictus. 11. Dicrurus striatus. 26. Artamides kochit. 12. Hudrepanis pulcherrima. *27. Lalage minor. 13. Aethopyga bella. 28. Pitta steerii. 14. Arachnothera flammifera. 29. Rhinomyias ruficauda. 15. Arachnothera philippinensis. The relationship between the “Eastern Philippines” (Samar and Leyte) and Mindanao is, in my judgment, closer than that between any other two areas which Steere has separated. [am tempted to say that the resemblances outweigh the differences. Remembering that 4 spe- cies of Centropus, 4 of Carpophaga, 2 of Cettia, 2 of Ninox, 6 of Cinnyris, 6 of Dicaeum, 4 of Halcyon, 2 of Hierococcyx, 2 of Hyloterpe, 2 of Lyn- cornis, 3 of Oriolus, 2 of Orthotomus, 3 of Scops, 3 of Zosterops, 3 of Zosterornis, 2 of Muscicapula, and 3 of Siphia have been found in Luzon alone, one can not but wonder whether, if there were actual land con- & a “no.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 593 nection between Luzon and Mindanao, the differences between the birds in the various localities where collections have been made might not be nearly as great as under existing conditions. At all events, the practical identity of the families represented in the eastern chain of islands, the occurrence in it of the genera above enu- merated, which in the Philippines are nearly or quite confined to it, as well as the overlapping of species at each of the breaks in it, seem to me to be indicative of a much closer relationship between the islands composing it than exists between any of them and other islands of the Philippine group. MINDANAO AND BASILAN., Mindanao is, next to Luzon, the largest island in the Philippines. It extends 250 miles north and south by 270 east and west. Its rivers, lakes, forests, and mountains are quite equal to those of Luzon, and afford the most tempting collecting grounds remaining in the Philip- pines. There is, however, a decided drawback to ornithological inves- tigation in this island in the fanatically hostile Mohammedan tribes which populate its interior. Neither the Steere nor the Menage expeditions attempted any seri- ous ornithological work here, our time in each instance being chiefly given to the collection of coral, while native hunters were sent to the woods for birds. The best work in Mindanao has been done by Everett. Platen and his wife were for a long time at Davao, but with a single exception all their novelties were described by Steere from specimens obtained by the Steere Expedition before Blasius, into whose hands Platen’s material fell, was ready to publish. Although 207 species of birds are known from Mindanao, it is cer- tain that many interesting forms remain undiscovered, especially in the highlands, which are as yet entirely unknown. Mount Apo is so con- veniently near Davao that it is to be hoped some adventurous collector will soon give us some knowledge of the upland avifauna of this great island. Basilan is a small island distant about 8 miles from the peninsula in which Mindanao extends to the southwest. It is connected with this peninsula by a line of soundings so shailow as to suggest a former actual land connection. Basilan is well watered and well wooded. Its surface is broken, but it has no very high mountains. Hunting is safe enough near Isabella, the capital, but it is dangerous in the interior on account of the hostility of the natives. The first collections on the island were made by Steere, who was fol- lowed by Everett. Later the Steere and Menage expeditions worked there. The total number of species of birds recorded is 119. One hun- dred and nine of the Mindanao and 80 of the Basilau species are Phil- ippine, and they afford an interesting study. Steere has classed Mindanao and Basilan together, making thei constitute a subprovince, the “Southern Philippines,” aad their bird Proc. NM. vol: xx 38 594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. faunae certainly have much in common. The following species are, so far as we at present know, peculiar to these two islands and the smaller ones immediately adjacent to them: . Phabotreron occipitalis. 10. Sarcophanops steerii. 2. Ninox spilocephata. 11. Oriolus steerii. 3. Batrachostomus septimus. 12. Orthotomus cinereiceps. 4, Ceyx mindanensis. 13. Jole rufigularis. 5. Aleyone argentata. 14. Irena melanochlamys. 6. Hydrocorax mindanensis. 15. Edoliisoma mindanensis, 7. Loriculus apicalis. 16. Muscicapula mindanensis. 8. Lyngipicus fulvifasciatus. 17. Hypothymis superciliaris. 9. Chrysocolaptes lucidus. The following additional species are common to the two islands and range to the north, but seem to reach their southwestern limit in Basilan. 1. Phlogoenas crinigera. 8. Dicaeum rubriventer. 2. Harpactes ardens. 9. Hyloterpe philippinensis. 3. Centropus melanops. 10. Megalurus ruficeps. 4, Halcyon gularis. 11. Orthotomus frontalis. 5. Dicrurus striatus. 12. Zosterornis capitalis. 6. Ludrepanis pulcherrima. 13. Artamides kochii. 7. Arachnothera flammifera. Cinnyris juliae, Dicaeum hypoleucum, Dicaewn mindanense, and Zeo- cephus cinnamomeus on the other hand, are common to Mindanao and Basilan, and range to the westward, but do not get farther north than Mindanao. So much for the resemblances between the two islands. There are, however, a number of more or less important differences. Eight species are, so far as we at present know, peculiar to Mindanao. They are: . Bubo gurneyi. 5. Prionochilus bicolor. 2. Penelopides afjinis. 6. Parus nehrkornae. Orthotomus nigriceps. Ptilocichla mindanensis. 3. Cranorrhinus leucocephalus. aay 4. Bolbopsittacus mindanensis. Some of these apparent differences will doubtless disappear as We learn more of the birds of Basilan, which are much less well known than those of Mindanao, but that island also has its peculiar species, and there is little probability that more than one of them exists in Mindanao. They are as follows: 1. Phabotreron brunneiceps. 4. Ptilocichla basilanica. 2. Penelopides basilanicus. 5. Dendrobiastes basilanica. 3. Macronus striaticeps. We may admit that such Mindanao forms as Bubo gurney, Priono- chilus bicolor and Parus nehrkorne may have been overlooked in Basi- lan, and that Dendrobiastes basilanica may have escaped detection in Mindanao, but it is decidedly improbable that genera like Cranorrhinus and Bolbopsittacus should have escaped all the collectors who have visited Basilan. ; * & no. 1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 595 e When we note further that Phabotreron brevirostris is replaced in Basilan by P. occipitalis, Phabotreron amethystina by P. brunneiceps, Penelopides affinis by P. basilanica, Macronus mindanensis by AM. stri- aticeps, and Ptilocichla mindanensis by P. basilanica, as well as that Arachnothera philippinensis, Anthothreptes griseigularis, Chloropsis flavi- pennis, Tole everetti, and Zosterornis platent all apparently reach their southern limit in Mindanao, it becomes evident that the relationship between the birds of Mindanao and Basilan does not by any means amount to identity. The facts may be explained by supposing that Basilan was once a part of Mindanao, or at all events was more closely connected with that island than it is at present; that it has been cut off long enough to allow of the differentiation of its representative species allied to Mindanao forms, and that in the meantime a connection has come into existence between Leyte and Mindanao sufficiently good to allow of the entrance of those Samar-Leyte forms which are common in Min- danao, but wanting in Basilan. Possible confirmation of such a theory might be found in the ranging of Zosterornis capitalis into southern Leyte, and that of Jole philip- pinensis into northern Mindanao. Each of these forms might be considered to have recently crossed, the one going north, the other south. Manifestly, however, the absence of Zosterornis capitalis in northern Leyte and Samar, and that of Jole philippinensis in southern Mindanao admits of other explanation than the mere lack of time to spread there. At present the gap between Basilan and Mindanao is slightly smaller than that between Mindanao and Panaon, which island may be regarded as a southern prolongation of Leyte. A single sounding ‘80 fathoms, no bottom,” is shown on the chart about the middle of the passage. In the absence of any information as to the depth of water between Dinagat and Leyte, it is perhaps useless to attempt to theorize further as to possible past land connections at this point. DINAGAT, CAMIGUIN, NIPAH, BAZOL, SAKUYOK, AND MALANIPA. Dinagat is the largest and best known of these islands. Mr. Everett obtained 39 species of birds there, and no collector has since visited the locality. The occurrence of Alcyone argentata, Loriculus apicalis, and especially that of Sarcophanops steerti marks the island as belong- ing with Mindanao. Camiguin is a volcanic island of small size lying a short distance from the north shore of Mindanao. Nipah, Bazol, and Sakuyok are, according to Lord Tweeddale, ‘situated to the north of the shores of Mindanao, and are only separated from that island by narrow chan- nels.” They are too small to be named in any of my charts. But 13 species of birds were obtained from the three localities by Mr. Everett, the only collector who has visited them. The species procured are all common Mindanao forms. 596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. The oceurrence of Cranorrhinus leucocephalus in Camiguin serves to indicate the relationship with Mindanao which might have been expected. . Malanipa is a tiny island lying to the east of the southwest extrem- ity of Mindanao. Half a day’s work was done on it by a party from — the “Challenger.” Hudynamis mindanensis, Myristicivora bicolor, Haliastur intermedius, Tanygnathus luconensis, Pelargopsis gigantea, Numenius phaeopus, Cinnyris juliae, Heteractitis brevipes, and Hypothymis azurea were the ouly species obtained, and all of them are known from Mindanao, SULU, TAWI TAWI, AND BONGAO.. Sulu and Tawi Tawi lie to the southwest of Basilan, and are con- nected with that island by a line of shallow soundings hardly any- where exceeding 100 fathoms. Sulu has long been the home of the Sultans who have ruled the piratical Mohammedan population of the southern Philippines, and is a veritable hornet’s nest. When we were there with the Steere expedition in 1887 collecting was absolutely out of the question, a pitched battle having just been fought between the Spanish garrison and the natives. In 1891 we managed to collect, though at serious personal risk. The native forest in the part of the island near the town of Sulu was - cleared away to a large extent by the slaves of the ‘‘Moros” in the days before the advent of steam gunboats and Gatling guns, when piracy was a more profitable vocation than it is at present. In place of the original forest enormous numbers of fruit trees were planted, so that most of the wooded district near the town is artificial and does not afford the best of collecting. There are several well-wooded hills in the interior of the island, but it was out of the question to attempt to reach them at the time of our visit. Guillemard was the first to make important collections in Sulu, although a few specimens had previously been obtained there by Bur- bidge. Platen afterwards visited the island, and Bourns and I spent some six weeks there in 1891. The total number of species recorded up to date is 108. Tawi Tawi is almost entirely covered by forest. There are several piratical settlements on its southern coast, but its northern side is uninhahited except for a few native huts near the Spanish blockhouse at Tataiin, where reside the governor, captain of the port, postmaster, ete. (all combined in one man), also a Spanish lieutenant and thirty to fifty native soldiers. Guillemard touched at Tawi Tawi, but did not collect there. The first collections ever made on the island were those of Bourns and myself. Everett has since visited Sibutu and Bongao, and has sent his collectors to Tawi Tawi. The total number of species recorded re We touched at Bangao on our way to Tawi Tawi, but did not collect yo.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 597 there. Bongao is so small, and is separated from Tawi Tawi by so narrow a stretch of water, that it is almost a pity to give it the dignity of a separate island. Since it has appeared as such, in Sharpe’s table in the Jbis, I shall retain it to avoid confusion. In this connection I may remark that I have discarded Malamaui from the list of islands. I doubt if the channel which separates it from Basilan is 500 yards wide, and I have treated it as a part of that island. There is nothing in the results of Everett’s work to indicate that Bongao is anything more zoologically than a part of Tawi Tawi, and I shall so consider it in this paper. Of the Sulu birds, 53 are Philippine species, of the Tawi Tawi birds, 51. An analysis of these species will, I think, prove that Sulu and Tawi Tawi should be classed together, and that they can not be added to the Basilan-Mindanoa group, but must stand by themselves. The following species are peculiar to the Sulu-Tawi Tawi group, at most ranging to Sibutu: 1. Anthracoceros montani, 7. Hyloterpe homeyeri. 2. Tanygnathus burbidger. 8. Macronus kettlewelli. 3. Loriculus bonapartei. 9. Lole haynaldi. 4. Iyngipicus ramsayi. 10. Artamides quillemardi. 5. Aethopyga arolasi. 11. ELdoliisoma everetti. 6. Dicaewn assimilis. 12. Rhinomyias ocularis. In addition to these 12 exceptionally well-marked species common to the two islands we have Ninow reyi and Pericrocotus marchesae recorded from Sulu alone, and Phabotreron cinnereiceps, Phlogoenas menagei. Prioniturus verticalis, and Oriolus cinereogenys recorded from Tawi Tawi alone. In the case of Prioniturus we are in all probability dealing with a real difference, for Prioniturus discurus is certainly abundant enough in Sulu, and just as certainly not obtainable near Tataiin, in Tawi Tawi. There is a bare possibility that P. verticalis has been overlooked in Sulu, and P. diseurus in Tawi Tawi, which would give us here two spe- cies of the genus in each island, but this is improbable. The other apparent differences will, | think, disappear as the birds of the two islands become better known. The line of demarcation between Basilan and Sulu is on the whole quite sharp. A few forms, like Cinnyris juliae, range westward through the chain, but the absence of such genera as Hydrocorax, Penelopides, Harpactes, Chrysocolaptes, Sarcophanops, Dicrurus, Eudrepanis, Arach- nothera, Orthotomus, Zosterornis, Ptilocichla, Poliolophus, Trena, Musci- capula, and Cyanomyias, together with the occurence of Anthracoceros and Chibia, indicate a greater degree of distinctness in the avifaunae of the two areas than I had anticipated. 598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. LAPAC AND SIASSI. Lapae and Siassi lie midway between Sulu and Tawi Tawi. Guille- mard is the only collector who has visited them. The only one of the few species of birds obtained there by him which throws any light on — their zoological position is Artamides guillemardi, but we have no cause for doubting that in this case the geographical and zoological relation- ships correspond, and the islands belong to the Sulu-Tawi Tawi group. SIBUTU. Much interest attaches to Mr. Everett’s recent work in Sibutu, which had been up to that time held, even by himself, to be a Bornean island. The opinion advanced by Guillemard, and reiterated by Everett, that the Sibutu Passage marked the western boundary of the Philippines, zoologically speaking, has now been shown to be erroneous. The old ideas were based not so much on the avifauna of Sibutu, which was almost unknown, as on the supposed conformation of the sea — bottom, the charts indicating ‘500 fathoms, no bottom,” in the middle — of the Sibutu Passage, as well as at a point nearer the Tawi Tawi shore. — Recent soundings have failed to establish any such depth of water in — the positions indicated, and it has also been shown that Sibutu lies barely within the hundred fathom line of Borneo. . Thanks to Mr. Everett’s efforts, the number of birds known from Sibutu has been raised to 36, and, although the island is apparently poor in species, the presence of such forms as Macropygia tenuirostris, Pelargopsis gigantea, Eudynamis mindanensis, Prioniturus verticalis, Tanygnathus luconensis, Corvus philippinus, Sarcops calvus, Calornis panayensis, Oriolus chinensis, Cinnyris jugularis, Hyloterpe homeyeri, Tole haynaldi, Artamides guillemardi, Siphia philippinensis, and Pitta erythrogastra leaves no room for doubt that Sibutu is zoologically as well as politically one of the Philippine Islands. Pitta muellert is the only strictly Bornean form yet obtained there. The island has two peculiar species, Scops sibutensis and Dicaeum sibutense, but on the whole may probably be held to belong with the Sulu-Tawi Tawi group. SUMMARY. I will now briefly restate the conclusions thus far reached. 1. The Philippines zoological and the Philippines political are not identical areas. . 42. Cagayan Sulu, Balabac, Palawan, and the Calamianes islands are Bornean. 3. The line of demarcation between the Philippine and Bornean islands passes between Sibutu and the coast of Borneo, and thence northward through the Sulu Sea and Mindoro Strait. It remains to be determined whether it runs to the east or the west of the Cujos Islands. No.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 599 4. The line between the Philippine and Formosan islands also remains to be determined. 5. The Philippines can not be divided into a number of zoologically equivalent groups, but do naturally fall into groups, some of which are much less sharply differentiated than others. A close relationship exists between the degree of difference in the avifaunae of any two groups and their present and past geographical relationship, those islands which have been longest and most completely cut off from their neighbors showing the highest degree of differentia- tion. In this connection it is needless to remark that the depth of channels is much more important than their width in estimating the probable duration of isolation. 6. The Central Philippines, comprising the islands Negros, Panay, Guimaras, and Masbate, form a well-detined natural group, though in the case of Masbate there are indications of immigration from Luzon. 7. Cebu can not be regarded as one of the central group. It is sepa- rated from Negros by a very deep though narrow channel, and must be given a place by itself. It shows a slight admixture of eastern and southern forms. 8. Siquijor is an island of very recent origin. It has been populated by stragglers trom other islands, and its three peculiar species have been developed from allied forms under the influence of changed environment. 9. Tablas, Romblon, and Sibuyan show no evidence of having been connected with any of the larger islands. Tablas and Romblon should probably be classed together. 10. There are abundant evidences of the original distinctness of the faunae of Luzon and Mindoro, which may be expected to increase as our knowledge of Mindoro birds increases. 11. Bongao, Tawi Tawi, Lapae, Siassi, and Sulu form another natural group, to which Sibutu must probably be added. The differences between the birds of this group and those of Mindanao and Basilan are great. 12. Stretching from Basilan to Luzon we have a chain of islands between which the zoological relationship is very close. This is proven by the mammals as well as by the birds, such genera as Sciurus, Gal- eopithecus, and Tarsius extending throughout the chain, although not found in the central and western islands. 15. Basilan probably at one time formed a part of Mindanao. It has been separated long enough to allow of the development of a number of representative forms from Mindanao species. A considerable num- ber of species have apparently entered Mindanao since Basilan was cut off, and have hence failed to gain a foothold in the latter island. 14. The relationship between the birds of Mindanao and those of Samar and Leyte is very close, though possibly less so than that between those of Mindanao and Basilan. 600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 15. The widest gap in the chain is that between Samar and Luzon. No final conclusions can be reached as to the precise relationship of the islands in this chain, however, until the highland avifaunae of the southern islands are better known. I have not sufficient familiarity with the birds of the larger land masses adjacent to the Philippines to intelligently discuss the relation- ships of the Philippine birds as a whole, and, leaving this interesting question to wiser heads than mine, I pass to the consideration of some of the more general problems of distribution and development raised by the known distribution of the birds within the limits of the archipelago. STEERE’S LAW OF DISTRIBUTION. While the question of the relationships between the birds of the various islands is not without its interest, other and more important problems, which can not be so readily disposed of, are presented by the facts of distribution of the resident birds. So far as I know, Steere has been the only one to attempt to discuss these more general ques- tions on the strength of the data furnished by Philippine species. In his paper on ‘The Distribution of Genera and Species of Non- migratory Land Birds in the Philippines” he makes a somewhat detailed examination of the birds obtained by the Steere expedition, as the result of which he arrives at the conclusion that “the genus is represented by but a single species in a place.” He believes that Philippine species and varieties are geographical or local groups de- pending on local causes for their existence, and that they show isolation to be the first and necessary step in the formation of species. It is evident that when he speaks of isolation he refers to geographical isola- tion, for in describing the species which he holds confirm his law he says: “In 55 genera, with 155 species, each genus is represented in the Philippines by two or more species, each of which exists in a lim- ited area of its own, sharply separated by sea channels from the similar areas occupied by the other species of the same genus.” Jn the paragraph which precedes the one in which he states his law he says that ‘‘ there results 145 genera out of 150, and 302 species out of 312, or 29 from every 30 of the genera, and over 30 from every 31 of the species, so distributed in the islands that no two species nearly enough allied to be put in the same section or subgenus are found existing in the same island.” This statement, as well as the one above quoted, shows that by “ place” he means island. Steere confined himself to an examination of his own birds and those collected by Moseley, Bourns, and myself in 1887-88, in the belief that ‘‘these collections, while not comprising all species known from the islands, are so nearly complete that any just conelusions drawn from them must be accepted as truth, which further exploration will only strengthen.” He divides the genera discussed into five lists, A, B, C, D, and E. s yo.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 6(0)1 In List A he ineludes 6 genera, with 12 species, which are left out of consideration because some or all of the species are migratory. In List B he places 75 genera, each of which, he says, was found represented in the Philippines by a single species. List © ineludes 53 genera, with 153 species, which he holds to be distributed in strict conformity with his law; i. e., with but one species of a genus in an island. Of List D he says: “In 17 genera, with 74 species, each genus is represented in the islands by several species, two or more of which may be found inhabiting the same island; but the species thus found together with the same generic name differ greatly in size or coloring or other structures, and belong to different natural sections or sub- genera.” He adds that ‘these sections or subgenera themselves may each be represented in the archipelago by several species; but where this oceurs each species is found isolated and separated from all the other species of the same subgenus, just as are the species of the genera given in List C.” Finally, List EK includes “5 genera and 10 species, in which 2 species of the same genus were found existing together in the same islands, these not differing enough to appear to warrant placing them in distinet sections of the genus.” Adding the genera with but one Philippine species (List B), those with several species, no two of which occur in the same area (List ©), and the 17 genera of List D, which he implies should really be further subdivided, and would then come under his law, he obtains a total of 145 genera out of 150, and 302 species out of 512, distributed in con- formity with his law. These conclusions, if true, would be of far-reaching importance, and Tecan not close this paper without a reexaminatien of the facts, first because the data of which Steere chose to avail himself were very incom- plete, and, second, because I dissent from some of the conclusions which he drew from the data of which he made use. In order that the comparison may be the more direct, I shall confine myself to a consideration of the resident land birds, and shall include the birds of the Palawan group of islands with those of the Philippines proper. I shall also retain in the main Steere’s method of grouping the genera, changing slightly the order in which the groups are taken up. Considering first the genera which so far as we at present know have but one species each in the Philippines, we have: List B. Acridotheres. Artamus. Caloenas. Acrocephalus. Buchanga. Calornis. Aegithina. Butastur. Cerchneis. Alauda. Cacatua. Chalcophaps. Alseonax. Cacomantis. Chalcostetha. Anthracoceros. Callaeops. Chimarrhornis. Anuropsis. Calliope. Chlorura. 602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Lisr B—Continued. Coccystes. Harpactes. Pernis. Columba, Hemilophus. Phyllergates. Corone. Hypsipetes. Piprisoma, Copsychus. Lepidogrammus. Polioaetus. Cotile. Limonidromus. Poliolophus. Dasycrotopha. Lophotriorchis. Polyplectron. Dasylophus. Loxvia. Pratincola. Dendrobiastes. Lusciniola. Pseudotharrhaleus. Dryococcyex. Macropterys. Pyrrhula. Blanus. Mainatus. Sarcops. Purystomus. Megapodius. Strix. Excalfactoria. Micropus. Sturnaa. Gallus. Mirasra. Syrnium. Creopelia. Mixornis. Terpsiphone. Gerygone. Monticola. Tiga. Gynnolaemus. Muscicapa. Treron. Haliastur. Myristicivora. Turdinus. Haliuetus. Passer. Urotoncha. On comparison with Steere’s List B it will be noted that although the number of genera remains the same, numerous changes have been made in the list. Recent work has made it necessary to add a number of genera, and, on the other hand, I have excluded Accipiter, Alcedo, Batrachostomus, Bubo, Chaetura, Carpophaga (Carpophaga, Hemiphaga and Ptilocolpa of Steere), Chalcococcyx, Columba, (Ianthoenas Steere), Culicicapa, Cryptolopha (Abrornis and Cryptolopha Steere), Geocichia, Hierococcyx, Lalage (Lalage and Pseudolalage Steere), Merula, Munia (Munia and Padda Steere), Rhipidura, Stoparola, and Xanthopygia, because each of these eighteen genera has been shown to have more than one species in the islands. 1 do not consider it necessary to go into the details of the evidence which justifies these changes. It is based on records which Steere overlooked, or which have been made since his paper was written. Reference to the general distribution list will show whether it stands upon the authority of Bourns and myself alone, or upon our authority supported by that of others, or upon that of others alone. I will take this opportunity, however, to reiterate the statement that with very few exceptions no species has been included in the distribution list for which definite locality and collector can not be assigned. Anticipating to some extent the likelihood of important changes in this table, Steere has said “it is probable that a few genera of this list, among them Scops, Batrachostomus, and Megapodius, will be found to have more than one species in the islands. In this case they will fall into List C (i. e., the list of genera distributed in striet conformity with his law), and will in no sense weaken the conclusions of this paper.” It is difficult to see how one could safely attempt to foretell into what list the discovery of additional species of these genera would bring them. As a matter of fact, some of the genera removed from this list no.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 6(03 because represented by more than one species in the archipelago fall into Steere’s List C, and others decidedly do not. The revised List B contains a somewhat miscellaneous aggregation of forms. Some of the genera are represented by species with wide range outside of the Philippines, others by species which range widely within the group, but extend little if at all beyond its confines, while a few genera are represented by species which are confined to a single island or small group of islands. What bearing have the genera included in this list on the question in hand? Steere has unhesitatingly assumed that they all afford con- firmations of his law, but Iam unable to follow him in this. Where genera happen to have but a single species in the Philippines, but have additional species in other countries, with their ranges overlapping, they manifestly can not be held to afford confirmation of the law. On the other hand, the evidence afforded by the forms peculiar to the Phil- ippines is by no means in every case unequivocal. The presence of but single species of the peculiar genera Dasylophus and Lepidogrammus in Luzon and the neighboring small islands, for instance, can hardly be explained as due to their being limited by geographical barriers to an area So small and little diversified as to prevent the formation of addi- tional species, for in this same area we find six species of Dicaewm and five of Cinnyris, while six genera are represented by tour species each, eleven by three, and no less than twenty-one by two each. In the case of genera like Dasylophus and Lepitdogrammus, then, I believe that the explanation of the occurrence of but a single species is to be sought in the organisms themselves. It may be that they are generalized forms, sapable of existing under a variety of conditions, and hence compara- tively independent of their environment But, apart from their miscellaneous character, there is another reason for excluding the species of this list from further consideration. If a genus is represented by but a single species in a group of islands, it manifestly can not have more than one species on any island of the group, hence can afford no evidence on the question as to whether or not two or more species belonging to the same genus or section of a genus may exist in the same place. I follow Steere in excluding from consideration genera some or all the species of which are migratory, and under this head I place the following: TSA Anthus. Merula. Phylloscopus. Cuculus, Motacilla. Xanthopygia. Hemichelidon. Pandion. Locustella. Pericrocotus. Lanius I exclude from this list, believing that all the species recorded from the Philippines are resident there. This brings us to Steere’s List ©, or the list of genera with two or more species which have but one species in a place. Of the genera 604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX placed here by Steere, Caprimulqus, Falco, Phillentoma, Prioniturus, Setaria (Rhinomyias of my lists), and Siphia must be excluded, because each has been shown to have more than one species in one or more of the islands. Actenoides | unite with Haleyon, Centrococcyx with Centropus, Pseu- dolalage with Lalage, Broderipus with Oriolus, and Erythropitta with Pitta. As already indicated, I exclude Pericrocotus, since P. cinereus is a winter migrant; but if included at all the genus must be removed to the list of genera with two or more species in a place, as the range of P. cinereus overlaps that of P. igneus in Palawan, and that of P. novus in Luzon. Recent work has made it necessary to add several genera to List C. With these additions, after making the changes above mentioned, the — list will include 41 genera, with 129 species. In view of the importance of the forms included in this list and the one which follows it, it seems to me advisable to arrange them in tabu- lated form so as to show not only the exact distribution of each genus in the archipelago, so far as at present known, but the number of its species in each island as well. By this method of treatment certain facts are brought out which would be likely to escape attention were we to consider only total numbers of genera and species, without exam- ining their distribution in detail. Genera which would fall under Steere’s List C, then, I give in Table A. Aglance at this table will show that 41 genera, with 12) species, are, so far as we at present know, distributed in accordance with Steere’s law. In his next list (List D) Steere includes 17 genera, with 74 species, and although he admits that in each case two or more species have been found to inhabit one or more of the islands, he holds that the classification is in reality at fault and that the genera should be further subdivided. It would, perhaps, be not unreasonable to expect asomewhat detailed discussion of the genera in question, with reasons why each should be further subdivided, but he contents himself with the very general state- ment that ‘the species thus found together, with the same generic name, differ greatly in size or coloring or other structures and belong to different natural sections or subgenera.” He does attempt to show that where representatives of two or more of these subgenera inhabit an island it is under distinet conditions. My own observations are at variance with his in regard to so many of these species that it seems to me advisable to discuss each of the examples which he has instanced. He first mentions Merops bicolor and M. philippinus, which he admits probably exist together in every island of the group. The former spe- cies he says is social, hundreds sometimes feeding together at a height of fifty to a hundred or more feet from the ground. He adds that WM. “No. 1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 6()5 philippinus is solitary in habit, feeding near the ground in open country. Its food he states consists of wasps and dragon flies, so far as observed, whereas J. bicolor appears to be limited closely to honeybees. I have repeatedly seen J/. philippinus feeding in flocks upon honey- bees, frequently in company with JW. bicolor. { have also met with J/. bicolor feeding singly or in pairs near the ground in open country. The matter is a very simple one. both species often feed singly, but a swarm of bees is apt to draw a flock of bee birds. Itis remarkable that Steere should dismiss the genus Ceyx with five lines, especially in view of the fact that he himself described two species of the blue woodland type from Basilan. If his theory were correct, ought he not to have placed these two species in different subgenera, and shown the distinet conditions under which they existed? Bourns and I have shown by a large series of specimens that in reality the types of these supposed species were representatives of one form which dis- plays an unusually large amount of individual variation. This form, however, does exist in Mindanao and Basilan together with C. min- danensis, a little red woodland species. The two species are found side by side in the same thickets, their habits are seemingly identical, and a careful examination of the stomachs of a large series of specimens has failed to show any differences in their food. The blue riparian forms formerly classed in this genus have been shown by Grant to belong to the genus Alcyone. Steere is right in saying that they are invariably found along streams; but if he recognizes an ally of C. melanura in QC. euerythra, his statement that the former species and its allies are always found away from streams and in the forest is certainly incorrect. Speaking of Halcyon gularis, H. coromanda, and H. chloris, he says that none of them frequent the water, * //. gularis being found in open plains, feeding from the ground, or perched in low trees; H. coromanda in low, thick undergrowth in forests, and H. chloris quite generally near the sea beach, and often in open cocoa groves about the coast villages.” It is my observation that every one of these species frequents the water at times. I have never seen H. gularis so abundant as over the waters of Lake Naujan in Mindoro, and it is commonly met with along the banks of fresh-water streams, as is H. chloris. The latter species is especially abundant about tide water, in mangrove swamps. I have twice shot H. coromanda over water in mangrove Swamps, but nearly all our specimens were obtained in the forest, along fresh-water streams. In Sibuyan two specimens were obtained in my own yard, where they had come to feed on the bodies of land snails which were thrown out as we cleaned the shells. These birds were far away from both forest and water. Tam unable to agree with the statement that Osmotreron vernans feeds from bushes or on the ground, as distinguished from O. axillaris, which feeds from trees. Both species certainly feed together in fruit trees, for 606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, I have more than once killed individuals of both at a single shot, in trees of considerable height. Apropos of Megalurus palustris and M. ruficeps, the ranges of the two species overlap not in Marinduque alone, but in Mindoro, Luzon, and Samar. I am unable to agree with Steere’s statement that there is a sharp distinction of habitat here, M. ruficeps being found in waste places inland, which had grown up to high, coarse grass, while M. palus- tris was found close along the beach in open grassy places. The two species are certainly to be found side by side in the same fields, although M. palustris is the bolder of the two, and hence more likely to be collected. In estimating the value of observations on habits the ‘ personal equation” must, of course, be taken into account. I can only say that the above statements are based on nearly three years and a half of actual field work in the Philippines, and that I believe they will be found to be correct so far as they go. In speaking of the general distribution of the genera represented by two or more species in one or more of the islands, Steere states that ‘whenever the birds of the two sections of one of the genera named above differ greatly in size, the species of the section of larger longer- winged birds will be more widely distributed than the smaller birds of the other.” His first illustration of this rule, Ninow lugubris, is certainly well chosen. His second, Phabotreron amethystina, is unfortunate. He says that it apparently extends over the areas of the five smaller spe- cies. In reality it is confined to the eastern Philippines (Luzon to Mindanao), and its place is occupied elsewhere by P. maculipectus, P. Jrontalis, P. cinereiceps, and P. brunneiceps, species which had not been described at the time he wrote. Dicaeum pygmaeum is the most widely distributed Philippine repre- sentative of its genus, overlapping the ranges of four other species, yet is the smallest of the Philippine Dicaeidae. I conclude, therefore, that the rule of distribution above quoted does not invariably hold, and that other factors than size and length of wing play a part in determining whether the range of a species shall be wide or restricted. Steere’s next and final list (List E) includes five genera with ten species, 1n which two species of the same genus were found existing together in the same islands, these not appearing to him to differ enough to warrant placing them in different sections of the genus. In this list he placed JMelanopitta (Pitta), Criniger, Megalurus, Cisticola, and Tanygnathus, each of these genera being credited with two species. I find it difficult to understand why, having swallowed the camel, he should have difficulty with the tail. The differences between the two species of Pitta with which he begins this list are very decided, and if Dicaewm everetti and D. hypoleucum are to be placed in List D and referred to different subgenera, why not these two species also? Crini- ‘No.3. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 607 ger frater and C. palawanensis, of List EK, are certainly quite as unlike as are Orthotomus frontalis and O. cinereiceps, of List D. Megalurus palustris and M. ruficeps again seem to me to differ more structurally than do Merops philippinus and M. bicolor, yet he would leave the former genus undivided and separate the latter, while Tanygnathus, of List IE, which is represented in the Philippines by three species, might quite as well be divided into subgenera as might Halcyon or Collocalia, of List D. In short. if we can accept Steere’s List D, I see no reason for not including in it the genera referred by him to List E. This would sim- plify matters by bringing all resident Philippine land birds under his law. In disposing of the genera which would fall under Steere’s Lists D and E, I shali take the classification as the best authorities have left it, and shall unite them under a single distribution table showing the number of species of each genus for every island where it is repre- sented. This table I shall call Table B. A comparison of Tables A and B will show that, if we aecept the classification as it stands, 41 genera, with 129 species, make for Steere’s law, and 55 genera, with 264 species, against it. Admitting, as lam quite ready to do, that further subdivision of several of the genera of Table B is advisable and will, doubtless, be made in time, it would, in my judgment, be preposterous to maintain that such division was necessary wherever the ranges of two species of a genus happen to overlap. To illustrate: Whether or not we admit that Broderipus should be included under Oriolus, no one will deny that the habits of O. ( Brod- eripus) chinensis on the one hand and those of various representatives of the O. steerii type on the other are so distinct that competition between these forms would be almost out of the question. Their occurrence side by side, then, is no argument against the spirit of Steere’s law, although it may infringe the letter. But what of the occurrence of O. aliiloris and O. isabellae, both of the O. steerii type, in Luzon? Prioniturus has always been one of Steere’s favorite genera for illus- trating his law, but Grant has shown that P. luconensis, P. discurus, and P. montanus all occur in Luzon. Admitting that the last men- tioned species may properly be assigned to a separate section of the genus, what shall we do with the other two? Shall we divide Cinnyris into five sections to accommodate its Luzon representatives, add another for C. guimarasensis in the central Phil- ippines, and still another for C. juliae in the south? On the strength of what shall we place Jole rufigularis and Lole phil- ippinensis or the different species of Zosterops in different subgenera? Finally, is it by any means certain that competition may not be quite as keen between birds that are quite differently colored as between those that are very similar in this particular? Take the Phil- 608 — PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, ippine Dicaeidae for instance; most of the larger islands have a repre- sentative of the D. dorsale type, and one of the D. haematostictum type. The prevailing colors of the former group of species are slate blue, orange, and scarlet; those of the latter black, white, and red, or scarlet, yet nothing is commoner than to find representatives of the two groups feeding side by side from the same flowers. With six representatives in Luzon, five in Samar, four in Leyte, three each in Mindoro, Masbate, Negros, Mindanao, Basilan, and Sulu, and two in Siquijor, Cebu, Guimaras, Panay, Sibuyan, Catanduanes, Dinagat, and Tawi Tawi, the genus Dicaewm would be somewhat dis- figured if Steere’s law were to be strictly enforced upon it. Numerous other instances of the singular conclusions into which this law would lead us might be given, but I think that those already men- tioned will suffice. In formulating his law, Steere offers the following as an alternative — for the statement of it already given: ‘‘No two species near enough alike structurally to be adapted to the same conditions will occupy the same area.” This statement seems to me to be self-contradictory. Individuals of any given species are certainly adapted structurally to about the same conditions, yet they manage to exist together. If two species structurally adapted to the same conditions were brought into competition in a given area, each would continue to exist in the area in question in numbers proportionate to the number of each at the time competition began. I find no satisfactory line of argument in Steere’s paper leading up to his conclusion that isolation is the first and necessary step in the formation of species. This conclusion necessarily raises the whole question of the way in which environment acts. No one will deny that it has its effect, but does it act directly, stimulating the production of variations, or indirectly by favoring some of the variations spontane- ously presented to it? Manifestly there can be no progressive development without varia- tion, and in saying that isolation is the first and necessary step in species formation Steere commits himself to the former view. His position does not differ essentially from that of Moritz Wagner and his followers, nor can I see that he has added anything new to the evidence bearing on the subject. The mere fact that there are numerous geo- graphical races of birds in the Philippines does not afford an explana- tion of the part played by geographical isolation in producing them, FACTORS IN THE ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF RESIDENT PHILIPPINE LAND BIRDS. [have thought it worth while to examine with a good deal of care the facts brought out in Tables A and B,in order to ascertain whether they afford foundation for any general principles of species formation and distribution, and have first endeavored to ascertain whether there no.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 6(0)9 species of a genus likely to be found upon it. A glance at Table B will at once show that the actual number of genera with two or more species in an island is far higher in Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, and Samar than in the smaller islands of the ‘archipelago, but it will be objected that more species of all kinds, includ- ing those distributed according to Steere’s law, are known from these islands. Manifestly, then, the error arising from the fact that the birds of some islands are much better known than those of others must be eliminated as far as ;;ossible if we are to arrive at any conclusive results. I have first compared the possible with the actual exceptions to Steere’s law in each island on the basis of our actual knowledge. If a genus which anywhere in the archipelago has more than one species in a place occurs in a given island, we have the possibility of its being represented there by more than one species. If, then, we take all the genera of Table B which occur in any given island, compare the number represented by single species with that having two or more species, and reduce our results to percentages, we shall have a tolerably satisfactory basis for comparing the relative tendencies toward differ- entiation of genera into several species in islands of different size, and shall have eliminated as far as practicable the error arising from the incompleteness of our knowledge in regard to many of the islands, for in each case the comparison is between the total genera known from the place in question and the factors which go to make up that total. The percentages of possible to actual exceptions to Steere’s law obtained by this method are given as one of the footings of Table B, but in order that the facts brought out may be more readily grasped I have embodied them in a curve, which I shall refer to as Curve I. It is constructed as follows: The percentage of genera represented by two or more species in an island is in each case indicated by units arranged in vertical series, 1 unit being allowed for 1 per cent. The relative areas of the several islands are shown by units arranged horizontally. In order to keep the curve within reasonable limits, and still make plain its relationships, I have found it necessary to vary the scale used 1n indicating the areas of islands. In comparing very small islands like Sibutu and Lapac with Minda- nao and Luzon it is obvious that the first part of the curve must be expanded and the last contracted or we should lose the relationships at the beginning, and the curve would stretch out at its end to in- convenient length. Up to 900 square kilometers, therefore, I have made 1 unit correspond to 10 square kilometers. From 900 to 14,900, 1 unit corresponds to 100 square kilometers, while from 14,900 to 114,900 I have allowed 1 unit to each thousand square kilometers. The relative sizes of the islands determine their positions in the base line, while a dot at the proper height over each shows the percentage of genera with two or more species found in it. If the dots thus Proce. N. M. vol. xx 39 610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. located are joined, we have a curve which brings out the relationship between these percentages and areas. Upon examining the curve thus constructed it becomes immediately evident that there is a general relationship between the size of the islands, and the percentage of genera represented by two or more species, for the curve begins at zero for the smallest islands, and its general trend is upward until it finally reaches the 80 per cent mark in the largest island—Luzon. Numerous irregularities are noticeable, however, and the more conspicuous of these are of decided interest. It is self-evident that only a general correspondence between area and amount of differentiation could be expected. Size is no doubt directly important, since room is afforded for numerous individuals of the species represented, aud the probability of the occurrence of oppor- tune and important individual variations is correspondingly increased ; but for our present purpose I believe that the size of islands is chiefly important in that it serves as a rough index of the probable diversity of conditions existing upon them. The occurrence of extensive high- lands, of undisturbed forest and of fresh-water lakes and streams, as well as of extensive open lowlands, must be taken into consideration if we are to get to the bottom of the matter. Were it possible to give each of these factors its due value in constructing our curve, and to introduce, as well, another important factor, namely, the completeness and length of duration of separation from neighboring islands, I believe that the irregularities would disappear. For instance, Bohol, though an island of 850 square kilometers, has no highlands and its forest has seemingly been wiped out. The very low level of the curve at this point, then, finds its explanation in a uni- formity of conditions unfavorable to the differentiation of numerous species, or to their continued existence after they have become differ- entiated. It will be noted that the curve is much broken at its origin, although it runs low on the whole. This irregularity is largely due to our scanty knowledge of the islands in question. For Lapace our conclusions are drawn from but two genera, for Fuga from four, for Cagayan Sulu from five, and for Camiguin from three. Manifestly, in dealing with such small numbers the addition or subtraction of a single genus even makes a great variation in the percentage. No collections approaching completeness have ever been made on these islands, and the irregularity of the curve is exactly what would be expected from the scanty hap- hazard collecting on which it is based. Weare indebted to Mr. Everett for nearly al) that we know of Sibutu, and he tells us little about its surface. It would be interesting to know whether the conspicuous rise in the curve for this island is correlated with a comparatively great diversity of conditions. Tawi Tawi, at any rate, is well wooded and well watered; the curve rises. Siquijor is not well wooded nor well watered, and is of comparatively recent origin; thé curve falls. The surfaces of Guimaras and Sulu are diversified, and No.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 611 both islands are fairly well known; the curve rises for these islands. Marinduque marks the lowest remaining point. The island is known only from the collections of the Steere Expedition, and in making them we had to tramp miles from the village where we had headquarters in order to get into scattering forest hardly worthy of the name. It will be noted that the latter part of our curve, where we are deal- ing with large islands, each of which has some virgin forest remaining, is comparatively regular. Attention should be called to another important fact. By reference to the footings of Table B it will be seen that not only does the number of genera showing two or more species reach its maximum in the largest islands, but the number of species into which genera are differentiated reaches its maximum as well. Luzon leads with six species of Dicaeum and five of Cinnyris, while we have six genera with four species each, and eleven with three. Mindanao follows, having one genus with five species and eight with three. I know of no simple means by which this factor could be introduced into the curve, but its significance should not be lost sight of. It seems to me that the facts above stated justify the conclusion that in the Philippines the larger the island and the greater the diversity of its surface, the larger the percentage of genera represented by more than one species, and the larger the average number of species into which they are differentiated. It may be objected that we also find the largest number of genera distributed in accordance with Steere’s law, i. e., with but one species in a place, in the largest islands. This is true, Mindanao leading with 32, followed by Luzon with 28, Samar with 27,and so on. It should be remembered, however, that we are dealing here with relative, not abso- lute quantities, and the real question is not whether the absolute num- ber of confirmations of Steere’s law is higher for these islands, but whether if is proportionately higher. It can be readily shown to be proportionately lower. In constructing Curve IT, to illustrate this point, I have used the same abscissa and ordinate as for Curve I, vertical units indicating percent- ages, and horizontal units areas. In computing percentages for each island I have taken fhe total number of confirmations of Steere’s law from Table A, and added it to the total number of exceptions shown in Table B. This gives the total number of genera affording evidence in each case, and it is an easy matter to ascertain what percentage of this total is distributed in the one way, and what in the other. In Curve IJ, as in the curves that follow it, a solid line 1s used to represent confirmations of Steere’s law, and a broken line to indicate exceptions to it. For reasons already stated the curve is irregular for the smaller and less well-known islands, but its general features are apparent even here. The solid line shows a constant tendency to return to the 100 per cent mark, the broken line to fall to zero. 612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. The islands from which the smallest number of genera is known, then, afford the strongest confirmation of Steere’s law. As we pass to the larger and better known islands, the broken line takes permanent leave of the zero level, and the solid line of the 100 per cent mark. It will be noted, however, that on the average the solid line keeps well above the 50 per cent mark, The first thing that calls for special attention is its sudden drop to 27 per cent for Siquijor, and the corresponding rise in the broken line. Reference to the tables will show that this result-is due not so much to a larger number of exceptions to Steere’s law from Table B, as to an unusually small number of confirma- tions (only three) from Table A. I have already stated my reasons for believing that Siquijor is an island of very recent origin, and has not been connected with any of the adjacent islands since it received its present bird fauna. I believe it can be shown that the birds distributed according to Steere’s law are, as a rule, possessed of comparatively weak power of flight, and this probably accounts for their not having reached Siquijor in larger num- bers. The divergence of the two lines for Marinduque, and their approximation for Bohol find their explanation in the facts already stated in regard to these islands. Again, it will be noted that the curve becomes more regular as we pass to the larger and better known islands, the broken line steadily rising as the solid one falls. The evidence furnished by Curve II, then, confirms that obtained from Curve I. On the strength of it we may make the statement that the larger and more diversified the island, the larger will be the average number of species into which the genera of Table D are differentiated, and the larger will be the percentage of genera represented by two or more species aS compared with those represented by but a single species. Ihave shown that a majority both of genera and species are dis- tributed in opposition to Steere’s law. How then are we to explain the fact that the solid line in Curve II, indicating the percentage of genera in each island distributed according to this law, is well above the 50 per cent mark? The answer to this question is found in part in the fact that two species of a genus may, and not infrequently do, have ranges that are distinct for the most part, but overlap along their line of contact, so that the species in question afford exceptions to Steere’s law in only a part of the islands in which they occur. An additional and very important reason for this apparent contradiction will readily suggest itself. To find ten exceptions to Steere’s law we must collect at the very least twenty species of birds, while ten species may suffice to afford ten confirmations of 1t. If, then, genera distributed in the two ways were equally abundant upon an island, we should at first find at least two confirmations of Steere’s law for every exception. Really, however, no.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 613 the percentage of exceptions found would at first be very much smaller than this, from the fact that to afford evidence the species must be col- lected at least in pairs, i. e., two to a genus. To take a very simple illustration, suppose that three figure ones were shaken up in a hat, together with two twos, two threes, and two fours, and one were then to draw out the figures at random, placing the ones in one pile and the pairs of twos, threes, and fours in another; at what rate would the two piles grow? On the first draw there would be three chances in nine of getting a one, but only two in nine of getting a two, three, or four, and no chance whatever of getting a pair of either of the last three numerals. On the second draw there would be three chances in eight of getting a one, but only two in nine plus two in eight divided by two (the number in a pair) multiplied by three (the number of pairs), or seventeen in two hundred and sixteen, of getting a pair. Three in eight are equivalent to eighty-one in two hundred and sixteen, and the chances of getting a one on the second draw would be to those of getting a pair of twos, threes, or fours as eighty-one is to seventeen. As the drawing continued, the chances of getting a pair would improve each time, but would equal those of getting a one only at the very close of the drawing. Returning now to our birds, the matter may be reduced to a formula. We may, for convenience, divide them into genera with one species in a place, and those with two species in a place, for in genera with more than two species in an island the recording of two is enough to estab- lish an exception, while the increased probability of recording two species, arising from the fact that there are more than two to draw from, will be counterbalanced by the fact that three or four species belonging to but one genus constitute but a single exception. Let @=number of genera with but one species in an island. Let )=number of genera with two species in an island. Then a+ 2b=whole number of species in the island. Let 2 =number of species known. Were a collector to take up the work at this point his chance of making an addition to the list of genera represented by single species would be ae while his chance of making an addition to the 2 list of genera with two species each would be but a+2b—2, or 2b j Pl = be with every addition of a species, it is evident that as the number of species of birds known from ar island approximates the number actu- ally existing there the chances of recording exceptions to Steere’s law will steadily increase. Since < is the variable factor here, and increases one 614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XX. It is not too much to say, then, that as there is probably not a single island all of the resident land birds of which are known the broken line in our curves is everywhere too low; that the error is smallest for those islands that are best known and greatest for those that are least known. Unfortunately the number of genera recorded from an island is not exactly indicative of the completeness of our knowledge of it, since some islands doubtless have more genera than others. It seems, how- ever, to be the most satisfactory index available, and in Curve III the islands are arranged not according to size, but on the number of genera having two or more species in the Philippines known from each. The number of genera is indicated by units arranged in horizontal series, 4 units being allowed for each genus. On this basis I have compared the percentages of genera distributed in the two ways for each island, reckoning percentages as before. Irregularities in our curve are not lacking, but the more important of them have already been discussed, and the curve establishes beyond a doubt the fact that Steere’s law receives its strongest confirmation in the islands from which the smallest number of genera is at present known, and that as our knowledge increases the percentage of genera represented by a single species steadily falls. It may be objected that my treatment of this subject has been unfair, in that I have omitted from consideration, in reckoning percentages for Curves II and ILI, the genera of Table B wherever they happened to be represented by but a single species. It may be said that I ought to consider each instance where a single species of one of these genera is recorded from an island as a contirmation of Steere’s law, rather than as a bit of evidence incomplete, and therefore to be ignored. I might well reply that in view of the heavy chances against the dis- covery of exceptions to the law, it is no more than fair to leave the gen- era of Table B out of account in islands where but one species happens to have been recorded, and as a further offset might add that in plot- ting the curves no more importance has been given to an exception where six species of a genus occur in an island than to one based upon the occurrence of but two. On the whole, then, I believe my treatment has been fair; but in order to test further the general correctness of my results I have constructed two more curves, in which I have given Steere’s law the benefit of every doubt, and have counted every case where a genus of Table B is recorded with but one species as a con- firmationof it. In Curves LV and V the percentages of species distributed in the two ways are shown. Arranging the islands in order of their size we get Curve IV, which does not differ in any essential particular from those already obtained, and enforces the same conclusion stated in terms of species that Curve II enforces stated in terms of genera. We see that in the smaller islands nearly or quite all the recorded species belong to difterent gen- 4 No.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 615 era, but as the islands grow larger it becomes increasingly common to find two or more species of .a genus in a place. Although this curve does not rise quite so high for Luzon as did ‘Curve II, its general level is well up, owing to the fact that due impor- tance is given to the number of species affording exceptions to the law, which has not been done in the other curves. Perhaps the most conclusive of all the curves is Curve V, where che islands are arranged according to the number of species in Tables A and B recorded from each. These last two curves make it evident that even when Steere’s law is given the benefit of the doubt in every case, which is most illogical, there still remains for all but the very smallest and least known islands amass of exceptions altogether too formidable to be overlooked; that the percentage of exceptions steadily increases with increase in the number of species recorded, and that finally in the largest and best known islands it is no less than 75 per cent of the whole number of species considered. It remains to be ascertained whether the genera of Tables A and B group themselves into separate families, or whether we shall find that in the majority of cases some genera of a family are distributed in the one way, others in the other. In Curve VI, I have endeavored to bring out the facts. Families are arranged in horizontal series, space being given to each propor- tionate to the number of genera that it includes, 4 units being allowed to each genus. It will be seen that in fourteen families there is not a single genus of resident land birds with but one species in an island. Seven more families have less than half their genera distributed according to Steere’s law; three have their genera equally divided as regards the method of their distribution; four have more than 50 per cent distributed according to the law, while eight have all their species so distributed. With few exceptions, the species included in these eight families are possessed of comparatively weak power of flight, hence are unable to surmount geographical barriers of any importance. I do not doubt that they are in many instances to be regarded as geographical races, and that isolation has had much to do with bringing them into existence, but I feel indisposed to make the same admission for all the species belonging to the fourteen families which do not offer a single confirma- tion of Steere’s law. I believe, then, that in formulating his law Steere has given alto- gether too much importance to a really important factor in the devel- opment of species. He has assigned undue prominence to geographical barriers, especially sea channels, and has not given sufficient consider- ation to the fact that within the confines of the larger islands, especially when they are mountainous and well wooded, there is abundant room for life zones which may be quite as sharply defined as those marked out by salt water. 616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xx My own conclusions in regard to the whole matter are as follows: 1. There are in the Philippines a number of closely allied species of birds, each of which has a definite range that in many instances at least does not overlap the range of any other species of the same genus, The general correspondence between the ranges of these species and the positions of geographical barriers to their free migration lends probability to the conclusion that we are here dealing with a case of cause and effect, especially when we remember the fact that the phe- nomenon is not an isolated one, but has been observed in the Galapa- gos and other island groups.' 2, On the other hand, cases where two or more closely allied species of the same genus occur within the limits of a single island are too numerous to be overlooked. While it does not necessarily follow from the fact that two species occupy the same island that they occupy the same life zone, there are enough well ascertained cases where two allied species do occur side by side to effectually negative Steere’s conclusion Oak the genus is represented by but a single species in a place. . We are more likely to find genera represented by several species in Reis islands with diversified surfaces than in small islands in which comparatively uniform conditions prevail, and in islands that are well known than in those that are little known. 4, Among the facts at our disposal there is nothing to justify the statement that isolation is the first and necessary factor in species formation, since we have no proof that environment is the direct cause of variation, without which there can be no development. 5. In studying island avifaunae it should be remembered that geo- graphical barriers, in the ordinary sense, are not the only barriers which are effective in bringing about localization of birds. Tempera- ture, distribution of food supply, direction of prevailing winds, charac- ter and duration of seasons, and especially the nature and distribution of enemies are of importance in limiting the ranges of species, and must be taken into consideration before we can arrive at any final Sale . If two closely allied species were thrown together in an island one sf ce things would happen. They would continue to live together, preserving their relative numbers, or they would fuse with each other, forming a hybrid race, or one species would tend to exterminate the other. 7. I do not at present know of any positive evidence in favor of Steere’s theory that they would fuse. Similarity in coloring, or in the food, would by no means serve to offset the well-known tendency to sterility between different wees , and ey among the hybrid 1See w allace’s ‘ lend Life.” Also Aone Wagener, Die Darwiaisene Traore und das Migrationgesetz der Organismen., Leipzic, 1868; Baur, Ein Besuch der Galapagos-Inseln. Biol. Centralbl., XII, p. 221, 1892; Ridgeway, Birds of the Galapagos Archipelago., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIX, p. 459, 1897. no.1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 617 oftspring of different species, in balancing the probabilities in such a case, 8. The actual result would probably depend, then, on the relative completeness of the adaptation of the two species to the common enyi- ronment under which they were placed. If equally well adapted to their surroundings, both would continue to exist. If not, one species would tend to exterminate the other. POSSIBILITIES OF FUTURE ORNITHOLOGICAL WORK IN THE PHILIPPINES. Before we gain much additional light on the value of the several factors in the origin and distribution of the genera and species of resi- dent Philippine land birds, work of a very different character from most of that which has as yet been attempted must be carried on. Conclusive proof of the result of bringing together two closely allied species might be obtained by introducing two of the species of Loriculus into Palawan or the Calamianes islands, where the genus is at present lacking, and noting the result. Would both forms hold their own, would they fuse, or would one tend to exterminate the other? These questions have no little theoretical interest, and they are entirely capa- ble of practical solution. Individuals of a single species of some genus with a marked tend- ency to develop local forms, such as Chrysocolaptes, Iyngipicus, or Penelopides, might be introduced into Siquijor or some other similarly isolated island, and their offspring watched, to see if a new species would in time develop, under the influence of changed environment. True, the experimenter would probably not live to see the result of his work, but future generations of ornithologists might be indebted to him. Within the limits of an ordinary lifetime, however, one might make a detailed examination of the facts of individual variation in those species which show a marked tendency to develop local forms as ecom- pared with those that seem to lack such a tendeney. He might also learn an immense amount in regard to the habits of birds, their foods, and especially their relationships with each other, with other organisms, in short, with their environment in general. We know very little about this subject at present, and without information bearing on it we can not arrive at satisfactory conclusions. To take a single illustration, Pycnonotus goiavier is almost certainly lacking in Siquijor. Why should this commonest of Philippine birds not occur there? Certainly not because it could not have reached the island. Apparently not from lack of a supply of suitable food. Prob- ably from the presence of some enemy, at present entirely unknown to us. I am led by the results of our work in Siquijor, Tablas, and Sibuyan §18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. to believe that a careful study of the smaller and more isolated islands would be productive of important results. The study of the relationship between species formation and envi- ronment is in its infancy. Much is to be hoped from it, and it is com- forting to reflect that sooner or later the supply of ‘new species” will be exhausted, and ornithologists will have time to learn more about old ones. Were some competent naturalist to go to the Philippines with an abundance of time before him and sufficient funds behind him to allow of his carrying on his work upon a broad scale; were he free from the necessity of turning out about so many bird skins a month, and of discovering his quota of new species each year, he might in due time make a contribution of far-reaching importance to scientific ornithology, and to our knowledge of island life in general. LIST OF PAPERS REFERRED TO IN COMPILING THE DISTRIBUTION LIST. 1888. BLAsius, W1LH.—Die Vogel von Palawan. Ornis, 1888, p. 301. 1888. BLastus, WiLH.—Letter concerning Doctor Sharpe’s Nomenclature of Palawan birds, Tbis, 1888, p. 372. 1890. Biasius, WILH.—Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse von Doctor Platen’s ornitholo- gischen Forschungen auf den Sulu-Inseln. Journ. fiir Ornith., 1890, p. 139. 1890. BLastus, W1LH.—Die von Herrn Doctor Platen und dessen Gemahlin im Som- mer 1889 bei Davao auf Mindanao gesammelten Vogel. Journ. fiir Ornith., p. 144. 1894. BouURNS, FRANK S., and WORCESTER, DEAN C.—Preliminary Notes on the Birds and Mammals collected by the Menage Expedition to the Philippine Islands. Occasional Papers, Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, 1, No.1. December, 1894. 1894. CLARKE, WM. EAGLE.—On some Birds from the Island of Negros, Philippines. This, 1894, p. 531. 1885. CLARKE, WM. EAGLE.—On some Birds from the Island of Negros, Philippines, (Second Contribution. ) Ibis, 1895, p. 472. 1889. Evrerert, A. H.—Remarks on the Zoo-geographical Relationships of the Island of Palawan and some adjacent Islands. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1889, p. 220. 1889. Evererr, A. H.—A List of the Birds of the Bornean Group of Islands. 1895. Everer?, A. H.—A List of the Birds of the Island of Balabac, with some Notes on and Additions to the Avifauna of Palawan. Ibis, 1895, p. 21. 1888. GORGOZA Y GONZALEZ, JOSY.—Datos para la Fauna Filipina. Aves. Anales dela Sociedad Espaiola de Historia Natural. October, 1888, p. 258. 1894. GRANT, W. R. OGILVIE,—On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Pt.I. Mount Arajat, Central Luzon. Tbis, 1894, p. 406. P. =— “no.U34. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 619 1894. 1895. 1895. 1895. 1896. 1896. 1896. 1897. 1885. 1885. 1891. 1891. 1895. 1883. 1891. 1891. Grant, W. R. OGILviE.—On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Pt. II. The Highlands of North Luzon, 5,000 feet. Ibis, 1894, p. 501. GRANT, W. R. OGILVIE.—On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Pt. III. The Mountains of the Province of Isabela, in the Extreme Northeast of Luzon. This, 1895, p. 106. GRANT, W. R. OGILVIE.—On the Birds of the PhilippineIslands. Pt.IV. The Province of Albay, Southeast Luzon, and the adjacent Island of Catan- duanes. This, 1895, p. 249. GRANT, W. R. OGILVIE.—On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Pt. V. The Highlands of the Province of Lepanto, North Luzon. Ibis, 1895, p. 433. GRANT, W. R. OGILVIE.—On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Pt. VI. The Vicinity of Cape Engano, Northeast Luzon, Manila Bay, and Fuga Island, Babuyan Group. This, 1896, p. 101. GRANT, W. R. OGILVIE.—On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Pt. VII. The Highlands of Mindoro. Ibis, 1896, p. 457. GRANT, W. R. OGILVIE.—On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Pt. VIII. ‘The Highlands of Negros. Ibis, 1896, p. 525. GRANT, W. R. OGILvViE.—On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Pt. IX. The Islands of Samar and Leyte. This, 1897, p. 209. GUILLEMARD, F. H. H.—A Provisional List of the Birds Inhabiting the Sulu Archipelago. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1885, p. 247. GUILLEMARD, F. H. H.—Borneo and the Island of Cagayan Sulu. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1885, p. 404. HaRTERT, ERNST.—Die bisher bekannten Végel von Mindoro. Journ. fiir Ornith., 1891, pp. 199-206, 292-302. HARTERT, ERNST.—Katalog der Végelsammlung im Museum der Senckenbergi- schen naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main, January, 1891. Frankfurt a. M. Druck von Gebriider Knauer. . HARTERT, ERNST.—A New Prionochilus from the Philippines and Note on an Anthreptes. Novitates Zoologicae, I1, p. 64. HARTERT, ERNST.—On a small Collection of Birds from Mindoro. Novitates Zoologicae, I1, p. 486. KuTTER. J. F.—Beitrag zur Ornis der Philippinen. Journ. fiir Ornith., 1883, p. 291. Meyer, A. B.—Uber einige Tauben von Borneo und den Philippinen. Journ. fiir Ornith., 1891, p. 67. MOosELEY, E. L.—Descriptions of two new Species of Flycatchers from the Island of Negros, Philippines. This, 1891, p. 46. 620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 1880. 1881. 1884. 1886. 1891. 1886. 1876. 1879. 1888. 1894. 1890. 1891. 1894. 1877. IbSiPE(- 1877. OUSTALET, E.—Description des Oiseaux nouvelles des Isles Souloo. Bull. hebd. Assoc. Sc. France, 1880, p. 205. Ramsay, R, G. WarpLaw.—Appendix, Tweeddale’s Ornithological Works. Ramsay, R. G. WarpLaw.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philip- pine Islands. No. 1. On two Collections of Birds from the Vicinity of Manila. This, 1884, p. 330. Ramsay, R. G. WarpLAw.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philip- pine Islands, No. 2. On additional Collections of Birds. Ibis, 1886, p. 155. SALVADORI, T.—On a rare Species of Lorikeet in the Rothschild Collection. This, 1891, p. 48. SaLvabor!, T.—On some Papuan, Molucean, and Sulu Birds. Ibis, 1886, p. 151. SHarPE, R. BowpLER.—On the Birds collected by Professor J. B. Steere in the Philippine Archipelago. Trans. Linn. Soe., 20 ser., I, p. 307. SHARPE, R. BOWDLER.—A Contribution to the Avifauna of the Sulu Islands. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 311. SHARPE, R. BOWDLER.—On a Collection of Birds from the Island of Palawen. Tbis, 1888, p. 193. SHARPE, R. BOWDLER.—On a Collection of Birds sent by Mr. Alfred H. Everett from the Sulu Archipelago. Ibis, 1894, p. 238. STEERE, J. B.—A List of the Birds and Mammals collected by the Steere Expe- dition to the Philippines. Ann Arbor, Mich. Courier Print, July 14, 1894. STEERE, J. B.—Ornithological Results of an Expedition to the Philippine Islands. This, 1894, p. 301. STEERE, J. B.—The Distribution of Genera and Species of nonmigratory Land Birds in the Philippines. Auk, 1894, p. 231. Also Ibis, 1894, p. 411. TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—Reports on the Collections of Birds made during the Voyage of H. M. 8S. Challenger. No. II. On the Birds of the Philippine Islands. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 535. TWEEDDALF, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. I. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Luzon. Proce. Zool. Soc.. 1877, p. 686. TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. II. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Cebu. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 686. . TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. III. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Mindanao. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 816. no. 1134. PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTER AND BOURNS. 62 1 1878. Tw EEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUE IS OF meanarnanens to pane Oeeanoes. of the Philippines. No. IV. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Islands of Dinagat, Bazol, Nipah, and Sakuyok. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 106. 1878. PWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—On a New Philippine Genus and Species of Bird. Proce. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 114. 1878. TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—Oun a New Species of the Genus Buceros. Proce. Zool, Soc., 1878, p. 277. 1878. TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. V. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Negros. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 280. 1878. TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. VI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Leyte. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 339. 1878. TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQuIS OF.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. VII. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Panaon. Proc. Zool, Soe., 1878. p. 379 1878. TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. IX. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Palawan. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 611. 1878. TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. X. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Bohol. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 708. 1878. TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XI. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett at Zamboanga, in the Island of Mindanao. Proc. Zoot. Soc., 1878, p. 936. 1879. TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF.—Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. No. XII. Onthe Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Basilan. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1879, p. 68. 1881. TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, MARQUIS OF—Ornithological works. London: 1881, 4to. 1875. WALDEN, ARTHUR, VISCOUNT.—A List of the Birds known to inhabit the Phil- ippine Archipelago. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., IX, p.125 1890. WHITEHEAD, JOHN.—Notes on the Birds of Palawan. Ibis, 1890, p. 38. 1893. WHITEHEAD, JOHN.—Cryptolopha xanthopygia described. Ibis, 1893, p. 263. 1891. WIGGLESWORTH, L. W.—On the Polynesian Members of the Genus Ptilopus. Ibis, 1891, p. 566. 622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xx: TABLE A. ae | | pete | Me 52 a Alacer c Names of genera. = 5 2 | = é Bes | 5 aes Sie | 2/8/15 Sia|s | S + |Slo ala lSlale PAGO IP UO Rae eee saat ea iat ate Nai ctcln aS oo Sid = sea Soc se mee eee Ol Sethe LS Seer ee Dro JNO SORND Ss SAA pene cnet poh seeeen es SepeCUBOEeR SbeSBonseosnesScSbs 26% 4 By es ee De VAP taMmMNese s2sa-cjean sacle So aise bowie eles ce ein S Paw aw Se doe eee ee Peer eS ieee Te A | See ee OV IRE inn} BO REE SOC REE ESE CEE Ree SEE Ae ere Sbanooal te Sale are Herel eee BP BEA CHIVPUGK kus sae ae es oe else ne oiamialote mete intel ee ante ee ee peg le al Sy Bolbopsittacus ere. soa sce se ne arn festccsicee se eae ssa ys eae eee PR eas ators- ee ee | a Tar Ul 0(0)9y Soo IUCR CC Cee EEE aE eee mere cerman ei GoctGaacs Dele al Saeeere : BRO HAS UICR aaa sae ae cee s ase ae oie oes Safe erete alone Se eee eee we eed heer Ts) eels = ORO lal Cococayscne tee eles ome mei ninia ae <)2,0 syrisinie a) =)aie'stee eee ee OF oe ale ere ep a Ps |e iD GLa Re Sid ee ee ee MRE EE Se Ro asc See oR ETB es eine Til. Chivasorewby uit) bh Aoroemeasgobesesoeseepeoteaadoteccsnacernaat Scone See eae [at "fecal ea ee 12h (UNO GUE EH6Gr Sodcper pan sap ee OEeneU ere BeeSOaeae POLS emccr mona gae Scie Pa i ee tt aes SRO TGTO CIN CLA eae ele sie ctetafe 2 ei inte aioe 2 nals cine aim elise nee ee a ee Eyles! A L | Dy da ee RCO OTA US eran em Meee Siac i> a eyein cneleie sie <= oncte eS ee ee Pe) eae) bse LL | es ee aE TAN OTIS sel otro tae ae aio win ciols cin cs ces tele a ele eee ee ee ees Dales ser abeees jo ee IQs CSR ATTA) <5 ins cag aon obo nn nee ppaeOUB pee sesacaeca=ss0sseoconsyonses Tel vena eae, Be eA eee eas eM ENAnOphil as ssaecscees ooo ae 7h ge sage ae teen ee eee Ole sha ea ES = hemes SEH COMIUSOW Ae estte = snore tes, sapere cn w'cloe fo cle cision Re ee ae 5 | = sl ora ee = TO SRNATE PAIS (22h 5c Pes sic = Babes oe eae es sek eae See ee Eee Del e2 : SELON WTS re hyo eee mene eislel te tele = 25-0 o else eelme meet ee eecee ee eee eee eae ue F 3 Pi mEty CO CON Ake eee aman io = Seie\n nae Ses oe Some _ -ondery f tas 13 i ie a= mg | sp PPD E Eee hy Get fi i an in|s “UNpsegE iad : : i : 14 beatae sd ‘ sated aoe | x | ‘ovunpuryy | See Seo oi St ee aT Jee ‘ hs eke dene i) Ce hink Ch a ce om ; Meo nu 1° cya ey ee eae feu loeh ‘ums; | Pd nne ne Geb ra 0 UR a : | 7 | pda | in Peep ei biti iii ee Pier tle | towne | ie in tiie bi: eee mile. qusemg | ia iii ii iiii: iia: aii in is dite ae |) Se eee ac eae Je ee Zeya x --apuieg eee il ‘ : renee io tad : So on ef Dh ay iS milo set CORES is soumnpueyep | fii ii iii: tiie: en eG “-aubnpurreyy j i Bs Gate cath hep ote a aa ne ie ‘omopuryy | Aas ia Se es “mBAngIg tas AGL GS ea | ‘ ' 7 ‘ ’ . . ve = . “MOZWT So Be PO eB es Ds oe on im ose es ema | feat titi iin ti inden} suaommy | in) fii tiie} bie inn} = =e | ee eee owas | Gas iii bine it mop | far iii iin line i) ins! Oats | po ‘ | awake de | 12 ol oo heaienih onion ian! |e = = Ee mare ie TART, FAUT, ‘edcmemn | mynqrg |: Tae OVD MOE | Sh | “ISSUIQ ovdury | ag | aan: Bel halelts 1 | an AM a Tote ft ti 0 or | ao in TABLE B. “ULTIBUG | ovuvpuryy | aaa deo ct “yoofIn Vg jour. Os oe oe eS oS | ‘ in an eaves aU UOQIGN) © 0) @e WCD My TAM AAA bo te “TINS TUIRD “edi “uovurg | “quoruly “won Cyt ate 1 GS mica) tye ne Get DemeeOssths Sle ie Soe Geo ' in| red Do a 6 Cian! mod te a: ‘souunpuURyeED |: onbn purse jy Sr ee — | MOA] | aa HAHA RIA 1M ‘omopulyy | a "AANA bro tr “MOL UO AT, vuesnqig | anc: SAA ie i 1 ‘suquy, | ad: “SBAVULINA) eT) = fe oa x taal td ral es ia ‘hes 0 ar) ca ne Coe ‘4 ‘o 4 ‘soiseN | Gan! -oqeqse yy den: mqoap Aad : Pie 2 alo a alan 3) 2 eae > a 624 TABLE B—Continued. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Ce es) | OF yes | H g Nn | 3 Wimies of eenext oslel |slglal le ames of genera. 25/8 es eal ae 2 Bele) is |alals|s has Silaialiols z |S|5/4 |B Oa [a | RDS) t fey SA Sao Oe be et SSO Se ee ESM er nr rr on mere morris =o. | 5 ser 2) ft Ue eee 21. Haleyon.- ~~ -----------------------= Wie ale winjo lars fe et et aetel melee es 8)1 SS ae es SO SSLT EITC HKG OL Une none ene onne afar aha co eens = EUS LOLOD Sinietialsinia\eleictaietsiniaicieie’s <]2:~ieisle/aiw.ciaalel=e/jc since cistee ie ei eee eee eae iheyec aes lees boa esl eee pal 2640 eae eee \ 2 | eeleene e | SUMMARY OF EXCEPTIONS. — nD z _ = ol x | a j a Salecmlies 5 See |e | a b| | ra) || cea a x 2) = = elcleleleislelzeie| als as Ya) = tal ats ja erp Pca Plate rest | Renee) || GS i O/Ala|O/Almlola alo] a la] | PEW SPECIES OL RLAN Cees mien oi sinje = wcie aelsamca sites 2/15 | 5] 2) Sibel, Ok | ae eso | 3 | Miinee species ani (slanG: «<2 - sce. ccc cece ne Fee Fee eretees| e- keage eon, Le} 25/6 16), ea ae HOME SPECIES MN USIANG) gasp) se sce cone essence |eer Bee | Tilo eee | ee Sens SIC ook] Sih | eee MIVeispecies dM USlAN | etess-ness- sos cissee= <= oe |s2-| 55 sleorel eee eee aes eee Be eee eee eee Simspecies island = cceesss sooccce eee sc fee WP ereleace eeecleoss| eos Seealpecclieos: 22a lgo.3| see eee pati tits || a ee eee MotalVWXCepvoNns=- << 2. ------ sees. -se ees 0. /:0)) 2-1-2004) Sel S25 28h EG Stale | 20s Sola ee Number of Genera reported.......-...-..---. 5 | 0 | 20 | 43 | 32 | 20 | 31 | 40 | 34 | 45 | 31 | 34 | 29 Percentage Gf xXCepmonsents= soc s sce cces nee 0 | 0] 10 | 47 | 16 | 10 | 26 | 40 | 32 | 44 | 32 | 41 | 12 Onlel species inlslandie eee. so sele ness cee | 5 | 0] 18 | 23-| 27 | 18 | 23 | 24 | 28 | 25 | 21 | 20 | 25 | | | i "No. 1134. 625 PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOG Y—WORCESTERK AND BOURNS. TABLE B—Continued. © SCT RU EGR eras pe De saea, tales en Sean uoat Tran an eet Ry ae atte oa mynqIs Poa ata Daa Sia i Hp oe] } ‘own mod oS : roe cer he 1a 4 : i a os) i | “TART, TART, sae ee taal rc io in een et od est a rc te | ___tsseig | ee eee ee ee ee Taacliiqe || 0 foo 0 O90 to Tou Det OH oben a alo gen oon = : “ng can (ao eieenae eet eeu aA isa i) i el “uEpseg fe! TANNA Helen ee eee eee 2 ovuvpuryy | one IANA AMMAN AMAA IA icin | -yofmyrg | alge ant ri aaateata tues Pet ta siegua (ese vee : beanie a Se acs ae ee es ne ee | STE | ean a e aa ree wee ee aedLNy | Oe eee ee Ot es ee ce Sree a as he ee Te mie | in fies iae ip pi taee ia ia ieieia dpi iee| cayhory 1A ‘ THAN | ea a aye 1a AIeheieb on Sl I coed | “IBTERS oo Inanann INAH IO AANAG a iis carl | eon Pe i tt hha ee lowers pean Gonm\ie boned “souBnpURyEr i ‘ io ‘ ‘ ‘a4 bere a ‘add ta i ro ‘ al Dw Dt i | cauliyijnanaiege |. BG ee eek Gna pie aE Ie ee Meme (ar na el mara “wozwy | Sa QUE ANGST HCD IN LCN ED oD OD TIED OD GUNN ED oo | See ctonniyd Me a eee iene ate Ae saraciaie cays wil s ere rane oe ee ee er een ore (ag eit | “MOT MLO, | a : (hisses oo G ep o oo de ee oe) pre ieek a ial ‘ Thy ‘ iat Taner 5 : 3 ioe "BBL, | eo i ed Pe te | a os ae Eee CO at te SHAS meth oe ‘ CNS ae Ceurg | AIAN AN OO dN I IR A id | ‘ Cah Peele F i Saige xe = = . Con ‘SUICUINY) |) ess ECM HCN CN NCCAA et CU tke td | “SOIDON | OO PHARM HANNAN RANA HRA RHA ON | . . ‘ ne . aa = ’ 7 TV ’ Pa it = oe ‘ayugsryy | 8D 8 Or OD AO ANON rt tei rd ON tet dtr | = . ' . , + + ' 1 nqag | ee ee ee ee Ne Dn ee ey TC ee Tis ey “SUMMARY OF EXCEPTIONS. | ire mM moe iS © 0 |) ate nt : “Nie — CD 8 NyNQIg | tt | Bo rac es Gor Oi: © re) ovsuog id! ana : oz ese ST Se Sa aea) E ! in aD | in ing TAB], Mey, |) © | Spo “ISSBIG San | Son 6e ese Bee Al ee ‘ovde’y | Cee cee , on: 23 t= ning | Sc : | saa “HRTISU Sirsird oie ¢ a ia ovunpuryg | 2° ASA “yofmyeg : | OnHon ‘joueg pec eoe ‘UMsrurR9g : “qed iy x eta wovurg : ; wl ‘qeseuyq + a6 | #88 | ia ahey | GN: : |seae mumg 8 I Tl ReeR = = — ! “VSN T bea eet lexis gouenipHenD a ls ase ‘oubu purse yy | ~ : : oh = Ais WRU S See SULOZTUGT a et ota ta |Saee -oropary | S47 | |2E5R —cuvdngrg| 8 EE las rss : ‘morqmioy | “iit: |"a*s Proc. N. M. vol. xx——40 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ny DBatanes [a EXPLANATION OF map. One hundred fathom line Figures.on land show height abvve sea, level in Fuak ‘ elin fee Figures on water show depth in fathoms The names of places where collectin ns Of birds have been made are underlined —— es ws C Brgeador | §——— » Opub Bataka ; | 7 | | SI eo iproeiterend —| Babiana tas Pi Camiguin Golaniase IPAS SIN 2A f ISLAND) MA P ——> OF THE == ——= TO ILLUSTRATE a ae PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LV PHILIPPINE ISLANDS — “CONTRIBUTIONS TO” “PHILIPPINE ORNITHOLOGY ” =) = D.C: Worcester = — ae ESBourns. —— Scave Le Us 7 WTathon id | an , OF a H ie OL iN mpeg Sanne FEE weeenatign worry ene tai ap ae oe Sih ope ere alipia Ped ae i> ; C® Pa Rite yr rere preg tart * i - U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM DisTRIBUTION CHART SHOWING WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE GENERA OF TABLE D KNOWN TO OCCUR IN EACH i] y pape. 6, Camiguin. 3. Sibutu. is ea 4. Cagayan Sulu . Sibuyan, 5. Romblon 0 eed ae 11. 12. 13. 14, 15. Siquijor. Guimaras. Sulu. Dinagat. Tablas, CURVE Il. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Marinduque. Calamianes. Basilan. Catanduanes. Bohol. RELL SLAND ARE REPRESENTED BY TWO OR MORE SPECIES. THE ISLANDS ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING T' . Masbate. . Cebu. . Negros. . Leyte. . Mindoro. O THEIR AREAS. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LVi Panay. . Samar. Palawan. Mindanao. , Luzon. — a = * pees Ry Pesce! e343 * xray beta ory pees *. Mie ee Tee Ke CPD) te eee ewr ee = +0 6 eee Fem +6 AMO HOLT UMAR 9 ie asa? bog oR ei «ge whee t ae bet COS e ban 4 CS eos roreceha. weer Pee mS AP Ttrd Bho eee PR i wine coy Beh ore 4 ere Seeaebser yrs: var Soteeeg poe 7e5 4 eo Rhee PRES e eeeee wet | eeets toes oe eee, o* rhe we OM Se bh tbat ot bh ba Peres tan Pu pkee e264 HED 2 ot Ses Oe Se 8>-7 aes JTED IN OPPOSITIO PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL, LvVil Y. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM w 2 E 3 w = . w = = | ; > 5 22338 : a Aas : 2 RRARS a w x Ee z ra) oa w c < a = ra) oO z w on > = 2 5 rs} z S$ g.k 2 Suess = goths g Sd2n8 & ees a. BARRA oO Zz f=) w = J a « ra 2 [=) aw w oO wW a o a E , ee 8 - 33 4 Ww os a Ssa5 fe} cast. = k PREC F Bage8 = Soma +. Seeace =8 Sz oa é wy = = S Ww Bein - 2G a =) fe ° >= we ow ZO WwW a N Qa —— h rey z & oe = 9558 a ssc Ww S5sES = DONA a FO} oS xd a nner = 2 a n w oO Ww a a Be E > < cc wW rs w Oo 5 s Soe o Besse = aoba. 5 ERSSE aslda Zz OmMmRe = Srsas Ww = - w a a zr a LS a 4 2 PtH - His . uw fuses Z © z = 2 ; a q & Q. = ee 7 me 5 4 Z5e = rioked wud — a c = 2 a ewe hee he eet a5 . 7 “25e~ - 2 pe lbuba.t.—% - issttritsetin se = a} thi ¥ : : = . 6 ie . 2 : : . ’ 4 cr? r ee ee bevpe ets rr44 177 < 4 Soe ts “3 34 ge 4 ple epi aiee bod bs es are’ + 22he se eventos ies i. oh PPR 64941 TEESE 7; exe tei ° tts sa& «soe 2 02323 tks8 azreee 7 Sent aren eilveese >CORDANCE WITH, AND | U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL, LVIII EF Gt ee ee ec EE Eee eS eee TT i Sa a ee SRE EE a aT TT i Se eee peed SSR HMR da EL EEE Iu eee ETE a ae 3 oe e UHH Hohe Hl . Hl uel tT Ph Mt nth rH atti Hits ait a fini brn En sR Lid N CURVE Ill. ‘OUR UNITS OF AND IN OPPOSITION TO, STEERE’S LAW. F DISTRIBUTION CHART SHOWING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUMBER OF GENERA OF NON-MIGRATORY LAND BIRDS KNOWN FROM EACH ISLAND AND PERCENTAGES DISTRIBUTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, ; HORIZONTAL SPACE ARE GIVEN TO EACH GENUS. 22. Leyte. i d Tablas (b). d . 8. Bohol and Sibutv- 15. Sibuyan (a) an oe Mindoro. 2: Saku(jo Bazol. 9. Catanduanes. - st tare mianes. m. pales. te eemblon. ih Wael Tawi and Getaiaren. 2» Samar Om a) and Baailan ®) 4 pugs ane Langan. 2 Maneatque 19. Panay. 27. Luzo * ; Sulu. é Cagayan Sulu. 18. Siquijor. M4 el %8. Mindanao. bobeser tat. ti loaned <4 t pete de hie eae bate K ) ON THE BASIS O 2A 22. 23. Neg 24. 25. U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM DISTRIBUTION CHART SHOWING 1. Lapac. 2. Fuga. 8. Sibutu. 4. Cagayan Sulu. 5. Romblon. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LIX CURVE IV. F THE DIFFERENT ISLANDS. HE BASIS OF THE RELATIVE SIZE O R BETWEEN SPECIES CONFIRMING STEERE’S LAW OF DISTRIBUTION AND THOSE AFFORDING EXCEPTIONS TO IT, WHEN COMPARED ON T ELATIONSHIP 26, Panay. 21. Masbate. 2%. Samar. ae 16. Marinduque. = Cebu. a Pees, 6. Camiguin. ell 17. Calamianes. 23. Negros. 2. Mindanao. 7. Panaon. 1 sara. 18. Basilan. 1 Lave. aoe 8. Sibuyan. 13. Sulu. 19. Catanduanes. 25. Mindoro. 9. Balabac. iP tania 20. Bohol. 10. Tawi Tawi. D : s Law, AND NUMBEF U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM HH aH saat DisTRIBUTION CHART SHOWING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCENTAGE OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, AND THOSE DISTRIBUTED IN OPPOSITION TO, FROM EACH ISLAND. TWO UNITS OF HORIZONTAL SPACE ARE GIVEN TO EACH SPECIES. Oo =I OTA Co 20 Bazol. Cuyo. . Sakuijok. . Camiguin. . Fuga and Lapac. . Cagayan Sulu. Panaon, . Bohol. KNOWN 9. 0. Romblon. . Catanduanes. . Dinagat. . Marinduque. . Balabac. . Sibuyan. . Tablas. Sibutu. CURVE V. . Siquijor. . Calamianes, . Guimaras. . Masbate. . Tawi Tawi. . Sulu. . Panay. . Cebu. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. xx PL. LX STEERE’s LAW, AND NUMBER OF SPECIES OF NON-MIGRATORY LAND BirDs . Leyte. . Mindoro. . Basilan, . Palawan. . Negros. . Samar. . Mindanao. . Luzon, AIL! =a J : 7 De a = =—_ — = : 4 hea Duca SE we ee ae oe. = a Se U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 12345678910 wW oe come . Podargidee. . Meropidee. . Fringillides. . Hirundinide. . Oriolides, 13 CURVE VI. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL, LX! 2930 31 32 33 34 ETHER URE SE EH HH ae i a 2 te DISTRIBUTION CHART SHOWING PERCENTAGE OF GENERA DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO STEERE’S LAW, IN EACH FAMILY OF PHILIPPINE LAND BIRDS. FOUR UNITS OF HORIZONTAL SPACE ARE GIVEN TO EACH GENUS OF A FAMILY. » SODAS . Paride. . Pittidee. . Ploceide. . Turnicides, Zosteropidee. 11, 12. 13. 14, 15. Caprimulgidee. Diceide. Laniide. Treronide. Sylviidee. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Nectariniide. Muscicapide.. Bubonide. Alcedinide, Cuculide. 21. 22. 23. Peristeridee. 24. 25. Campophagide, Falconidee. Certhiidex. Cypselide. . Timeliidee. 31. Capitonide. . Pyenonotide. 82. Dicrurides. Psittacide. 83. Bucerotides, Corvidee. 34. Picides. Eurylemide. SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE PUBLISHED WRITINGS OF CHARLES ABIATHAR WHITE, 1886-1897. By Timotuy W. STANTON. In 1885 Mr. J. B. Marcou published in Bulletin 30 of the United States National Museum,! an “Annotated catalogue of the published writings of Charles Abiathar White,” covering the period from 1860 to 1885, inclusive. The present list is a continuation of that catalogue, the entries being numbered consecutively through both lists, bringing Doctor White’s personal bibliography down to the close of 1897. The first five entries were inadvertently omitted from the earlier catalogue, and are, therefore, not in their regular chronological order. Charles A. White was born in North Dighton, Bristol County, Mas- sachusetts, on January 26, 1826. In 1838 he removed with his father’s family to Iowa, where he resided until 1873. For thirty-seven years his writings and his labors have related chiefly to scientific subjects, especially geology and paleontology, and during that time he has held many official positions and received many academic and professional honors. He received the degree of M. D. from Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1865 and the degree of A. M. in 1866 from fowa State College. He was State geologist of Lowa, by legislative appointment, from 1866 to 1869, inclusive; professor of natural history in the Iowa State Univer- sity from 1867 to 1873; professor of natural history in Bowdoin College from 1873 to 1875; paleontologist to the geographical and geological surveys west of the one hundredth meridian in charge of Lieutenant George M. Wheeler, in 1874; geologist and paleontologist to the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, in charge of Major J. W. Powell, in 1875; geologist and paleontologist to the United States Geo- logical Survey of the Territories, in charge of Doctor F. V. Hayden, from 1876 to 1879; curator in charge of the paleontological collections of the United States National Museum trom 1879 to 1882; detailed in 1581 to act as chief of the Artesian Wells Commission under the auspices of the United States Department of Agriculture; geologist and paleon- tologist to the United States Geological Survey from 1883 to 1892, and he now holds the relation to the Smithsonian Institution of associate in paleontology. ‘Pages 113-181. PROCEEDINGS U,. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XX—No. 1135. 628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. He was president of the Washington Biological Society for the years | 1883 and 1884; vice-president of the American Association for the | Advancement of Science in 1889, and in the same year he was elected — amember of the United States National Academy of Sciences. The University, and in the same year he was elected to corresponding | membership in the following foreign academies and scientific societies : | The Geological Society of London; Isis Gesellschaft fiir Naturkunde, Dresden; R. Accademia Valdarnese del Poggio, Montevarchi; K. K. Geologische Reichsanstalt, Vienna, and in the Kaiserliche Leopoldinisch- Carolinische Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher, Halle an der Saale. 152. Wuire, C.A. The Permian Formation in North America. < Bull. Philos. Soc. Wash-— ington, vol. iii, pp. 104-105. Washington, 1880. A brief review of those North American strata which had been recognized as of Permian age. It was inadvertently omitted from the preceding list. 153. White, C. A. Desecripcion de un gran Fossil Gasteropodo del estado de Puebla (México). 23 DP. (Gyraulus) militaris W ..--.---- wats stele cleisisie alae i= owls sista sielelefee sing s/eis Senisis elses aceiciaves 23 IQR, FALROTROIRS Ni cea ccincseese sonos6ccn posse su cedian sabaasadsse ssaesscsscusesonesesceas 24 AK OUMMUCTSUS IW) sSbaBSdee a OOG SHER Sos asaccebcods qn odoamosSasuoToU coo Godane 26 TR COUPES PIVAS Poe ate eet ete ee laate ie eiwiajelelatetaleis eieimim| sie a(t iia i=) = Sansa sesecab sna paeHeS HoSeHeD sae 27 DUET, INGO Rear S ooo nSscnee soo code Cnuds Seon De OTE Os -SaUEnE SUC ae oee Ea saae FOOCEOAO 27 GTI TLD US USHL ENALUEOUTTITD COL CON Ming Gey ELI ete, ie eiaee imie aretel leanne reece aeleie ois telcle icine ele ei afere vel stele letoveletsetee 28 QaTLCUNTUSCETURUS EN lene tLe tatarae cletelaiayeiste oie clerayajcla cietinininiele ='=' a sisiccim= ae dysSoe enc eoea senses eters 28 (Oi Rea SEEM oS Aden a Sooo daen agncoee ods Cbd unSOS BeOESReBOMOMOneserewens dpoeoappessecscc 29 Ge FUP ORV. 8 2 aia rata a wc ewww we me wn wine wien a awn ene en erenins einen ecw en a ninesiewie secesesasens 29 TapGhnalene? (HARI, NW aes cress Be Sh ene de sodeb onc coe asd bose Secon ease sdsesser sass accecanese- 30 180, WCCO. Wie de coeabec acon secobe Ss Goer ebe se CUD RRO SRB nes OD Reno cdde co ocUaneonueoE cocaaS 30 SOS EO PRG NOMA AUIS Wil te 18 be one See coee soGnet je dde ease ees se abases SSSur ceeecsesse5nc 31 Viviparus trochiformis M. & H .......-.-.---.-----ssce0- s dainistafaiqmie ese eta sis & kisjnis seis einleyaisre 31 [PRGATROIHUBE oon akeads SovcodenonconSsoec ooac rd SOU ep aes SOO SEUE eS OQUtICS SSHeer Samer aompaccac 32 CRUSTACEA. (CUO EDA Wali a5 oa ecco se sede sooge Sos Sse Bebe sece ee wes sons = eau =gereEoe arose as 32 59: Wuhitr, C. A. On New Generic Forms of Cretaceous Mollusca and their relation to ovher forms. sect ou ae ce ewas- ces CCRT AGUIT) | PROAVUUIMN NES... 2aceies sacesecs cess aaeces.e Menusi(Chione) maraensis, Wis. uss ws.2es = sateen s adaes os cease . WRITINGS OF C. A. WHITE—STANTON. 631 or oro eRe I ho oo or ws Gl on oe) a9 90 9 NANG REN SO “17 =! a] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Page. Callista megrathiana Rath: 5am «20cm -o ns = sain =s[a senses tale See eee eee eee eee eee 95 Qiob SCURAtH) My B22 inckinaasce cise ed des des awareness ae eee = eee eee alee nee ee ee 96 DOSING ONAZUEN SUS; Di. B2ssee sat cision- ea -e- ee eee eee eee oe aa oe eee ee 97 Tellina DETNAMUUCENST a WRATH = 5-2 22 2's.2 ceo nie oe sone aaa e ee te oer eee eee ee 98 TE DOP WENSUS, NE Bian sei: 2 ae sos emis wiv ee cies 3s eee Some e Re eee ne ee ee acice See eee 99 es Bey ala stSicoa ea ase a etaie) vinine 6 « sieels Seca Detenie Sete eee aoe ee ee ee ee 99 se Wyctettst Slafernyela. dpe twelaitinsnpec owls echasSbnial Sia aoe a Revere estate at sete eee Pes Ice 100 Mehta COMMENLOT ALG, DiS =o. ARO ADE BOSE Oreo aS ee econo eBaEae 171 JAGR ADOUAE DAN ROGUES NE SS Socgp Comma I OSeOOoE 6 on = Aa Cb oSOpeTiCacadann Jobenaor COOSUEOnAeeBeEe 173 (Chih RRND ONO POT ONIISG Wait ane sic GanocoGsenSoemoatuoosndoe sopSnepeSenaeesasseaccupddes 174 SUMO: GRUNT IGN WG Rac Sas sone sonnSSSe esas ssoSes sess SeSr es Seieas oo sees Sono ae Se sgessaces se 175 (OPEC ZEA ZOD AOC TON oe Bar ao bo BPE OE SCS S05 ESOC DESOS CoH aee Oar GOES Gat aS Sp aSEDSe Cen DACA SE 176 OUTING GE WD RG CSaadoc gon saadscse cndea bon nt COC eobedecSsnos nsondoume doa ae agne Se Teece hoe eee 178 Lyosoma squamosa, . 8.--.------ seo nadie Vo cdaO ses So te ce wasa sn Soon osee oes camsessSerecesae 179 BI OLEUE CURL LO CLULLS VT ot Sia nye repel marae arate alam al oia tae cxetotafalatelnia/a(alnleVaiala/ sini nists wileninint seem e a ee =e eee 180 ING, OGUWIO TIO? 0 Ric Seon 6e oe Sac one oe coSe6s ccecogecceseoosdes= ear e ae seh Sees cosnas as 181 ISTP RLIR CU ONEIU TTT UE ae eI IE AS eI i AO a Sa a eee a 181 WNVELICOMUS PCTeCTOSSWS) De Soe--ee sa ee manne see ee = = BORO DORA OSSSSHESIae obec yo saa- 182 ALI AUUESS UO NLENOSG MAS ae a oe ie al rann Orelat te dopa alain aes oe a ose e caer meee onl ee Memae nee 183 TT AULIUULO MO Ss 2, aesiaan'are{s ose nlowiniwsiscs, se apieae eieem ce aioe talejsiels 2 sce sais Sleds reins oe Se 4 heise wee 184 JOU GHRE POOH OCG AGT eSasecaae caseadsonesad 2 Sao y USES seus basso asgeconasses pec aneasceee Soe 185 PeSCOnMnC PrElONgG @ WCVINOTIC crs cer eee = sete wl oe oe ee ee le eee Sosa eee aaa 186 Ty LOStO MERC OT IUD I TCE SUATD Oyeisaeiate seer oe malin melas alent ala are ets eete ieee ieee ee eee oe 187 "TS RO FAL CSOT PSS AR Deeg dae IEC IOR TS © SESE TMS On SSA AO RE OSS GIA TOnoS OCMC Hace se ae eee 188 PU DUEUI CG ANS Se Spock Sap SOS SAqgsen AS SEE Ue qEede SpaoSceucot aa SCese a Sdeansesceaeedacos 188 TAROCETUNUN AMS sje oo a eee aine oe se SS Sie Sse ces Soin mies ejects a Se oe meres Hee ea cae ee a eos eres 18) TE MURS SUERTE 5. oa sheasassns8 sconce ssens ose Serr oe pase Sneensonpcssobs Feaceceaeensos 190 OUURULMIMCILOT LON TULEUAN IN AS oe eercta tale ltt mor eiataictej= = = spe eateininiei a= ee eee icles oe eae elee ae eeae 191 SSS DECTELLULIIU POL AS erie So yotoeeae fe ene cer ele Cniniaie eel acm cio weno niece cis See sce noee ses Bene ee 192 EROU Sie) (OR CE IEBES MD AS eee ee eae cee re eal e oe eee aeeicioe wenace een scene eae aes 192 SEQUIN DONO IENU Ei Sem en aman nama Selanne aa jee ainicianas/sniateiaen aise ied ese seeiee ee 193 ISU IIRELU@» Wo Bi = So core necdonab a2 SSeS e ssese ese os5 coaseo ros eecboseSasen anapSSnG@senesocooaans 194 EDUC MEIUCLIN SM Nac Sete eat ue sfere otover este elo eee ein ole ram See he stace mate acite Ee Aas ie os Sieve ecjacieeeieis 195 INS GROUNG TET, WOR Senos ao eS tors cbadsaT Gado Uae ae Eo oe IGS ASE Da O So AACA cRSOEo SoEeeenoaane 196 PNA EEE SINGS Wovete morse elas nro cle ayntaler alee ain Bucs eine we Seis See Se Dace cin ae SS arat eeisineis tore veins aoe een 196 UTD FOO CE PUCED Ts ise Saaz ooa+ CoeeaSosoo se SeagesecagS SE econ Se ononssesssegdeesancceps sede. 197 EV OCHUSICUTP UST MB Natceeie nck close ache witness seo ne Oe wae bee cise nae meh seat o ties Sanne be cecal 198 IE RAIS, OB ones escassoacosrs cee sec e2b2 2 bop non nSBoS oC seas eoopenocoosAeesESoesacasoeycos Ik) PHU SERUNC LLCU ITU OR LLUUS, The Nene oes eae ea ea i me ape aia lanier este ee ale es se taete ete cieite re 200 Ringinella pinguiseula,n.8..----.----- 2955550 gos 9 se nSow oS sendda soso snonsconeessoceosesec 200 PA CLO OUT ar taco en now ich oe oie nie Dalsioieiweisferi“ ess Sis es = sie elsosaeseswiee Mosiosceosuece bass 201 OU OTULE UL LEN MN OVinses meena ole Mint istay == Sein = wiclais wieaSi vise clalsisiccimeeeebacels-/1see ee sctcce= cee 201 ORUUNCOLA TAS) == occa sediseine see tices sates sasseceeee esse aesseace Sac sosneoLesAnaopoTsadowe 203 OSUCUL LONI Seinee oat e santa oP lam oo esis ears sis ee ae Store eae saro ale sieieeete ce eines seca oe Sees 204 Ch TR OMUAT TCG E56 « GRE Go arig to ASES UAB0 6 CDSE COUBS BBE E AS AEB Oaco ese U GE CBE aE ASAE ser 205 CREP OSSUDLUCHLG MnS se inte ea ee ae oie) S eel ee ate le Se eee Seo SSE Ra oho en aac tian 205 PREV OULOU Nts Ds Sie ee ee meee Acme Recs tee seis nla sais BORE eek cio cee aninioaieeis bs 206 (Fresh-water species.) inoplacodes lacendae, Hants cate seen enae a etanista saan a= ce eicioivte steieie Sie ele wae Ss ae gosiseeees se 234 MF AOCULO MEV UALUD j= 22m aisles ate lala sistas stole cinis'= sjginiaia wistaweis'e tose sdlaiaescetececesccecseccsee 235 PUCUNOCETONCER CUYD LOT INES, NLOLLIG! crs eet eee aes cele nes ia eee a eicet ee cclec vs cjeciacen can 236 MCLANE AUECOLOY OT PEL AT Gh a. (tepeeeree aieie Aes a oes eesti je ecies marerioujcis's asreisjo scala 238 INPRO LCL OO CAOOIE AoE 5 068 SOs OO CMEC DCE 876 SAID TaHe COCO SOIC SESE EO BB SEE one aa ae eaeaaae 239 PLAN OT UIE (GYTOULLUS) MLONSETTALENSS LATE: n1<0<05 ca ~ mw eee geo eee dees = esse ecoes 239 634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. CEPHALOPODA. Page. AGTATUOTIGES ICOM OOUTUALS TNs ie eta al oni =e. w al ole cole le elmo et etal le te Pl a ante 212: PARI y ODE ed ROE We Ce Otng Sar a eEeSee ee Gees Bese bcos cat Sedeescotoe ee ese teccsssSa5 213. SUR pa WEB RIRE 3p aan ou S-icodesopeuaeae Sods oeseicsoccr SAccet doo. SSS2sGeear sent ssb so lsse 216 A. planulatus Sow ? = ~~. . 22-22-22 nec nce ee ew een wren mewn en ence ne sear erseerantasnsen sas 218 A. offarcinatus, 0.8. .----- 2 ---- - nnn oe ne ono nn nn ew ne nn en n= 219 A, folleatus, N.S .----------- 2 eo ee nee en ee ee ee ene e eee ene e nnn 220 A. Sergipensis, N.8 --------------- 222 one ee eee ee en eee nee eee enn eee en ee ne 221 Al, GUAT QULONUS, DB - <2 =! alate aratatatn malate te ate sem aleoter adalat eae te 226 Hil a So SUD SR USEC EEE GODOT EMOra pe Oboes cre ce aren sop ono Dots Son SSE RO Sase ceo te tessecsess 228 ye alge PE OGORR FE Te ODER OO BOs Ene aHeene sero auc bacSdecon ao nce Oheusceecr Hhootbonsotes 228 FIIECOCETAS NU EUFUCIUIM, Tl. 8) = em co. eae eee ee Ree Per EE eee ee eee ee eee 229% SVGALUIUS SOWEFOYANUS, CIOLD) <1 aie cie'w oe (ni= ales =i = claim elalciniote winte’a/aie)=ieln FRDOD Eee nemnebadcesoeae 230 POLYZOA, PEPUTIALUUEES MO ULCOLUS, TSB) =m wim m= aim > mlm elma ote ee te taal allele ee eee 208 ECHINODERMATA. ASTEROIDEA. Uraster Patera alearereie lo eeie ole Fermueies cle! Sane Sela eicje S eiae weet nee oe my scat an Netlt tera ee 263 ECHINOIDEA. Cid ams Oranmvert,N. Sa- oe seem = 2 enain ce a= sale aie see ee eletele eee eee eee 247 EPA ATLOSOTUONOUMUCL UGS, TV Saran) at= © arniu fale ala) ola oem =laiml ate erm (ole ee aloe oleate ee ae 249 PE ORMZULCTIBUSs N.S '2< 5.0/= toa damn sow ce aaooe hace alee nice VRE EEE eee Ree eee eee eee 249 ig Ot a ape en nae Ge HARDEE Sober ooto ore tbe Speenec sso susOcapaaeasoseod: uSeseSucesescs 250: Oottaldia australis, N.S .-..=---2--------- eid SrasayelareSiclele erste civic /= SIS aco)=t= See SSS oe ae eee 251 DSLR ESED PUD CNSUS, Tai 8s = «asx nuriaeininia nie ome nies aise alesse lo eile oe eee ee eee eee 252 PREG RURILULUS TNS Syiavare aioe rm, c:0s orb ercinvare siemens cheleld = oie icles ins SE ISTE lee ale oie ne eee = ee 253: Helter opowid, “en. NOV. (6 MOriOll ~ Wurrr, C. A. Correlation Papers, Cretaceous: A Review of the Cretaceous forma™ : tions of North America. < Bulletin U. 8. Geological Survey No. 82, p. 273. ; Washington, 1891. f & This memoir is a discussion of all the known Cretaceous formations of North America, and . -. an exhibition of their stratigraphical relations to one another according to the views of the author. L192: Wire, C. A. The Texan Permian and its Mesozoic types of Fossils. < Bulletin U.S. Geological Survey No. 77, p. 51, pls. i-iv. Washington, 1891. This bulletin embraces a much enlarged discussion of the subject of entry No. 185, and con- tains illustrations of all the invertebrate species which had, up to the time of its publication, been discovered in the Texan Permian. ‘The following species are figured, and in part described : Page Goniatites Vaylorensts; Ni Sz fs0. ccs Jace cles See loae eels sie sale eee ce ee eee ee cee eee eee 19 Waagenocerascumminist White. <<... cecsrncete sae ee ee OE a ee een eee eee 20 Medlicottia cones W. .- 206 s 6 SQA ee } CRAYFISHES. Fias. 1-3. Parastacus hassleri. Fies. 4,5. Parastacus agassizvi. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 694. A REVISION OF TROPICAL AFRICAN DIPLOPODA OF THE FAMILY STRONGYLOSOMATIDAE., By O. F. Cook, Custodian of Myriapoda, IN THE present paper are included more or less extended descrip- tions of new species of Diplopoda, as well as expansions and amend- ments to those of such old species as an examination of type specimens shows to be desirable. It is now unsafe to make identifications from many of the older descriptions, so that a better knowledge of their types is even more important than the description of new forms. In all cases the ownership of the type has been indicated, and the localities have been carefully specified, this being rendered necessary by the frequent confusion occurring in African geography by reason of changes and duplications of names. Family STRONGYLOSOMATIDAE Cook. Strongylosomatidae Cook, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Scei., TX, p.5. This family includes nearly all the Merocheta with slight develop- ment of lateral carinae and long legs. These characters are, however, not sufficient for diagnosis, but are supplemented by the long antenne, the distinct inferior carinae, the more or less spined sterna, and the long faleate or hamate copulatory legs, of which the basal joint is longer than in most other families. As distinctive secondary sexual characters may be mentioned the development of processes from the sternum of the fifth segment of males and of pads of dense hairs on the two distal joints of the anterior male legs. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE AFRICAN GENERA OF STRONGYLOSOMATIDAE, Dorsum slightly convex, the carinae rather large, prominent along the entire posterior subsegment; legs and antennae short; sterna broad, all unarmed; copula- tory legs very long, slender and attenuate: Genus Orthomorpha, cosmopolitan in the tropics, but not indigenous in Africa. Dorsum strongly convex, the carinae small or rudimentary, affecting only the posterior half of the subsegment; legs and antennae long and slender; sterna narrow, armed with more or less distinct conic processes; copulatory legs shorter, MOLELOLMESS talcale and COMpPloxeace ses. cet came es ciiaeie toc. occlcsis-s-- Ser Se A SOG PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XX—No. 1137. 696 0 696 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. | Copulatory legs with distal ungual portion of second joint not exceeding in length the hairy basal part, and not produced into one or more attenuate prongs; anterior male legs without cushions of densely crowded hairs on the two distal joints: Genus Scolodesmus, Liberia. Copulatory legs produced into one or more attenuate prongs, so that the hairless apical part of the second joint would, if extended, much exceed the basal hairy portion; anterior legs of males with distinct cushions or pads of dense hairs on the awo distal joimts .-- +>. s-5. seem =o ee ee ae Copulatory legs distally produced into a long arm which is curved at first mesad and then turned in a circle so that its two-pronged apex lies laterad; carinae very small, rudimentary or obsolete on poreless and posterior segments: Genus Letodes- mus, new, type L. extortus, new species, Lindi, Berlin Museum. Copulatory legs turned mesad and superposed, their apices thus not turned out- ward except as they extend beyond each other after crossing; carinae distinct and produced, at least on posterior segments .-.--..-...--. ---- +--+ 20-22-2222 eee eee Fifth segment without repugnatorial pores: Genus Xanthodesmus, new, type X. abyssinicus, new species, Berlin Museum. Fifth sezsment provided with pores------ 222s oer ee Copulatory legs with two rather short, broad processes rising from near the middle of the leg and projecting mesad; sternum of fourth legs with a thin, strongly chitinized process as high as broad and somewhat narrowed laterally at base: Genus Phaeodesmus, new, type Ph. longipes (Attems), Quilimane, Hamburg Museum. Copulatory legs without such processes; sternum of fourth legs with process very Smallor Did) sans cee see cece Sees wine = o secle ere melee ae ee eee eee Legs 4-6 with the third joint crassate and enlarged below into a distinct tuber- culoid process; carinae all produced caudad beyond the posterior margin of the seg- ment: Genus Cnemodesmus, Congo. Legs with third joint not specially modified; carinae slightly produced only on anterior and posterior segments: Genus Habrodesmus, Liberia. Genus SCOLODESMUS Cook. Scolodesmus CooK, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, p. 97, 1895. Body rather small and slender, nearly cylindrical, somewhat con- stricted behind the first segment. Carinae very small, rudimentary or wanting on poreless and posterior segments. Sterna of posterior legs of each segment with a pair of conic processes ; sternum of fourth legs of male with a rather large, thick, bidentate process; sternum of sixth legs without a process. Legs very long and slender; anterior legs of male without distinct cushions of densely crowded hairs; third joint unmodified. Copulatory legs rather short, broad and simple, not produced into slender arms or prongs as in the other genera. SCOLODESMUS GRALLATOR Cook. Scolodesmus grallator Cook, American Naturalist, XXX, p. 418, 1896; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1896, p. 261. Color dark vinous, sometimes lighter in the middle of each posterior subsegment, which gives the effect of a light median line; legs and antennae pink or yellowish in life, fading to white in alcohol. _ No. 1137. AFRICAN STRONG YLOSOMATIDAE—COOK. 697 curved, pointed process which from the ventral view is seen to cross its fellow and in lateral aspect extends at first at right angles to the leg and then bends to become somewhat parallel to it. Length 28 mm., width 2.5 mm.; length of antenna 7.4 mm., of leg from tenth segment 7 mm. Locality.—Liberia. This species is rather rare in the deep forests of western Liberia. When disturbed the living animals run away with considerable speed and on account of their long, stilt-like legs have an appearance quite unlike Diplopoda of other families. Type.—No. 617, U.S.N.M. A male specimen collected at Monrovia. SCOLODESMUS SECURIS Cook. Scolodesmus securis COOK, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1896, p. 265. Color dark vinous, without lighter median spots, but in some spec- imens not fully colored there is a distinct dark median line; legs and antennae distinctly brownish, but not so dark as the body. Copulatory legs with the larger lamina much narrower and more faleate than in 8. grallator, being shaped much like a broad billhook. The basal hairy part of the leg is also shorter than in 8. grallator. Length of male 18 mm., width 1.6 mm.; length of antenna and of leg from the tenth segment, 5 mm. Localityx—Togo Colony, Misahdhe, Baumann, “ Im Urwaldmoder.” There are numerous specimens. Type.—Berlin Museum. ° This species is throughout smaller and more slender than S. grallator, from which it offers considerable differences in color and copulatory legs. Thesternum of the fourth legs has the process more deeply bifid than in former species. SCOLODESMUS SCUTIGERINUS (Porat). Strongylosoma scutigerinum PoRAT, Bihang till K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., IV, No. 5, p. 37, pl. 11, fig. 9, 1894. A specimen probably referable to this species is in the Berlin Museum from North Kamerun, collected by Conradt. The copulatory legs are, aS appears from Porat’s figure, somewhat longer and more slender than those of S. grallator or S. securis, and they are divided at apex somewhat differently from the other species. The habit, carinae, and secondary sexual characters are also those of the present genus, but the color pattern is very distinct from the other species, the anterior subsegments being dark brown and the posterior nearly white on the specimen in hand. According to Porat, the colors are very variable, but unless he has given the measurements of young animals he was probably dealing with more than one species, for the specimen studied is a male and fully equals Porat’s largest measurements, 32 mm by3mm ‘The antennae are brown, the legs whitish. 698 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. ECTODESMUS, new genus. Body rather robust, at least more so than the other African genera of this family; not constricted cephalad. Jarinae very small, like those of Scolodesmus, rudimentary and obso- _ lete caudad. ; ; Sterna of the posterior legs of each segment armed with distinet conie spines; sternum ot fourth legs with a large, subentire, hirsute process; sternum of sixth legs with a distinct rounded-conic, hirsute median process. Legs very long and slender; anterior legs of male with cushions of — dense hairs; third joint unmodified. Copulatory legs broad and thick near the middle, and dentate mesad; distally they are produced into a gradually attenuate, deeply divided armature, which extends at first mesad and les in contact with the base of its fellow; it is then bent downward (caudad) and turned laterad, so that the two-pronged apex of the armature lies near its base. Ectodesmus agrees with Scolodesmus in habit, rudimentary carinae, slender legs and antennae, and color pattern. It differs in having the body more robust, the process of the sternum of the fourth pair of legs more prominent, thinner and entire, in the possession of a distinct rounded process from the sternum of the sixth pair of legs, in having the ventral face of the second and third joints of anterior legs mem- braneous or fleshy, in being provided with a pad of densely crowded hairs on the two distal joints of the anterior male legs, and finally it is distinguishable from all known African Strongylosomatidae in that the copulatory legs are distally turned laterad. ECTODESMUS EXTORTUS, new species. Head slightly narrower than first segment; sulcus rather shallow; clypeus smooth, sparsely hirsute. First segment oblong, the corners rounded and the anterior margin slightly curved laterad. Second and third segments equal in width to the first and fourth, there being no trace of the neck-like constriction which appears in Scolodesmus ; the second segment has the carinae very distinct and extended obliquely cephalad on a large triangular process. Segments dorsally smooth, but not shining, a distinct transverse sul- cus on the fifth and following segments to the eighteenth. Carinae of anterior poriferous segments consisting of a slight sub- triangular prominence, those of poreless segments scarcely defined, except by the superior impressed line; on posterior segments the carinae are obsolete, even the impressed line being deficient. The pores are rather large and are surrounded by a fine ring. Transverse sulcus rather deep, not erenulate. Last segment with the apex rather broad and rounded; between the four setiferous punctations is a sinall denticule. NO. 1137 AFRICAN STRONG YLOSOMATIDAE—COOK. 69: 9 Anal valves nearly smooth, the bristles borne on slight prominences located near the sloping margins. Preanal scale broadly subtriangular, the apex truncate. Sterna with conic processes much larger at the base of the posterior leg of each segment; these processes are smaller on the posterior seg- ments and do not appear on the anterior. Sternum of fourth pair of legs with a broad, prominent, hirsute, entire process which is strongly flattened antero-postically; sternum of sixth pair of legs with a broadly conic median process. Legs long and slender, rather sparsely hirsute with short hairs, more numerous and longer distad; anterior legs of male slightly crassate, the two distal joints with pads of dense hairs, and the second and third joints with the ventral face smooth and membraneous or fleshy. Copulatory legs with a subconic prominence on the lateral face of the basal hairy part; above strongly thickened and then abruptly narrowed into a slender strongly curved and distally divided process, which turns laterad upon itself instead of lying across its fellow, as in other species of the present group. Color of alcoholic specimens brown, a median band of chestnut, broadened at each transverse sulcus; on either side of this is an area of light brown, and then an equal longitudinal band of very dark brown or black, extending to the level of the pores; below this the anterior subsegments have a series of brown spots, while the surface is elsewhere very light, becoming nearly white below. Basal joints of legs white, the distal brown; antennae dark brown. Length of male, 31 mm.; width, 3 mm.; length of antennae, 6.2 mm.; length of leg from tenth segment, 5.5 mm. Locality.—Lindi, an island near Wito, off the coast of British East Africa. Type.—Two male and three female specimens collected by Fiilleborn in the Berlin Museum. The process of the sternum of the fourth pair of legs differs from that of Phaeodesmus longipes in being broader, not so strongly chiti- nized, less prominent and hirsute over its entire surface. The color pattern, while somewhat different from Scolodesmus, resem- bles that form rather than Habrodesmus, there being no transverse band of bright color. Genus HABRODESMUS Cook. Habrodesmus CooK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 97, 1895. Body rather small and very slender, not constricted behind the first segment, slightly depressed. Carinae small but still distinet, their posterior corners produced beyond the transverse margin on anterior and posterior segments, but not on middle segments. Sterna with conic processes short or indistinct; sternum of fourth TOO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. legs of male with two distinct conic spines or a bidentate process; sternum of sixth legs without a process. Legs long and slender; anterior legs of male with cushions of dense hairs; third joint unmodified. Copulatory legs terminating typically in a thicker and a more slender spine of subequal length, both turned mesad and crossing their fellows. Habrodesmus belongs, apparently, to the same series as Phaeodesmus and Cnemodesmus, but is easy distinguishable from these by having the third joint of anterior male legs unmodified, and by the much smaller carinae. HABRODESMUS LAETUS Cook. Habrodesmus laetus Cook, American Naturalist, XXX, p. 418, 1896; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1896, p. 261. : Color in life black, the carinae and posterior margins of the segments yellow, shading through orange into the darker general color. Legs bright orange and pink; antennae dark brown. The first segment has a broader yellow border running entirely around. In alcohol the colors fade so that the body is dark chestnut brown, the legs and margins of the segments whitish. Copulatory legs with larger distal arm produced and attenuate, with a large tooth some distance below the incurved apex. The slender arm is entirely hidden in ventral view. Length of male, 27 mm.; width, 2 mm.; length of antennae, 5.2 mm.; of leg from tenth segment, 4.5 mm. Locality.—Liberia. A very rare species inhabiting the denser parts of the forests along creeks. The very brilliant colors and agile move- ments give the living animal a striking appearance. Type.—No. 619, U.S.N.M. A male specimen. The sternum of the fourth legs bears two entirely distinct, somewhat rounded, and antero-postically flattened processes not heavily chiti- nized. HABRODESMUS FALX Cook. Habrodesmus falx Cook, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1896, p. 265. In size, habit, and probably in living colors closely resembling H. laetus. Lateral carinae slightly larger than those of H. laetus, especially on middle segments where there is a very slight corner, which is obsolete in HH, laetus. Sterna of fourth legs with processes similar to those of H. laetus, but more prominent and somewhat connate at base. Copulatory legs with larger arm expanded at apex and terminating in a broad, obliquely truncate lamina, with a small transparent process from near the middle of the apical edge. Color in alcohol brown or black; the margins of the first, the pos- terior margins of the other segments, the ventral surface and legs, whitish; antennae dark brown. No. 1137. AFRICAN STRONG YLOSOMATIDAE—COOK. TOl Length of male, 25 mm.; width, 2.5 mm.; length of antenna, 5 mm., of leg, 5 mm.; a female is 30 mm. by 3.5 mm., with antennae 5.5 mm. and legs 5 mm. in length. Locality.—Togo Colony. Numerous specimens including the type are in the Berlin Museum. One of the labels states that the legs are, supposedly in life, pinkish-red. HABRODESMUS HARTMANNI (Peters). Strongylosoma hartmanni PETERS, Monatsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Phys.-Math. K1., July 18, 1864, p. 534. Habrodesmus hartmanni (PETERS) Cook, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 98, 1895. Head broader than anterior segments, though nearly equaled by the first. Vertex smooth, the sulcus distinct, but not deep; clypeus smooth, sparsely hirsute below. First segment subelliptic, nearly straight in the middle in front, slightly and broadly emarginate behind, the lateral corners rounded. Segments dorsally smooth except for a very distinct transverse sulcus near the middle of the posterior subsegment, beginning on the fifth segment and not distinct on segments 18-20. Lateral carinae distinct on all the segments except the first and the last two; carinae of second segment somewhat oblique, extending con- siderably below the lateral corners of the first segment, their posterior corners produced somewhat more than on other segments; posterior corners of carinae of all segments distinctly, though slightly, produced beyond the posterior margin; carinae defined above by a distinct groove, while below they are distinct only in front; the poriferous face is flat- tened and strongly deflected so that the pores face nearly laterad; on anterior segments the pores are located about halfway between the line of the transverse sulcus and the posterior margin; on posterior segments they are gradually nearer to the posterior corner, which becomes more pointed and produced to the nineteenth, where the carina is obsolete and the pore is located in a small depression. Transverse sulcus deep, very distinct and abrupt on the anterior side, not crenulate. Last segment smooth, tapering gradually to the narrow truncate apex which bears four setiferous punctations of which the lower pair is much larger and farther apart than the upper. Anal valves sparsely rugulose, apparently smooth and shining; two pairs of fine bristles borne on broad rounded prominences, both dis- tinct from the prominent thin margins. Preanal scale subtriangular, the apex rounded. Sterna with a distinct conic process at the base of each leg; these processes decrease in size cephalad; sternum of fourth pair of legs with a small process the shape of which can not be seen without injury to the dried specimen, 702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Legs subgranular, moderately hirsute, the hairs more numerous and longer distad; anterior legs of male subcrassate and more densely hirsute, the two distal joints with broad pads of dense hairs; these pads decrease caudad and are lost at about segment 15, No other modifications of the male legs could be made out. Jopulatory legs closely similar to those figured by Pocock for the next species; more slender, the two apical divisions longer and less strongly curved, the four proximal processes not evident. Color of dried specimen, dark brown, probably nearly black in life; clypeus, all the margins of first segment, posterior margin of all other segments, carinae, ventral surface, except a large spot below the carinae in front, and legs, dull yellowish; in life these parts may have been bright yellow or red, from the analogy of the related Liberian species, H. laetus Cook. Length about 24 mm.; width 2.5 mm.; length of antenna nearly 5 mm.; of leg of segment 14 nearly 7 mm. This description was taken from the dried male specimen, No. 250 of the Berlin Museum, the true type of the species. It was collected in Sennar by Hartmann. From an alcoholic specimen found later it appears that the processes of the sternum of the fourth pair of legs are very slightly developed, consisting merely of rounded prominences. This individual was col- lected with the type and bears the same number in the Berlin Museum. HABRODESMUS FLAVOCINCTUS (Pocock.) Tetracentrosternus flavocinctus Pocock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), XVII, p. 488, pl. xvii, fig. 5, 1896. This species may, it would seem, be safely referred to the present genus. From the figure of the copulatory legs it appears to oceupy a position intermediate between the preceding and the following species. The measurements are given aS 27 mm. by 4.3 mm. It is to be pre- sumed that this refers to the females, which in the present genus are always distinctly more robust than the males and have shorter legs. HABRODESMUS MASSAI, new species. To be distinguished from all previously described species by the sub- dentate posterior margins of the segments and the strongly contracted copulatory legs. Head scarcely wider than the first segment; vertex smooth, the sulcus very distinct; clypeus sparsely hirsute, the hairs rising from slight punctations; labrum scarcely emarginate, the teeth distinct. First segment subelliptic-reniform as in H. hartmanni, laterad with a narrow, though distinct, raised margin; lateral corners even more rounded than in H. hartmanni. Segments smooth with a velvety appearance, scarcely shining, marked only by the transverse sulcus which is located slightly behind the middle No. 1137. AFRICAN STRONG YLOSOMATIDAE—COOK. 103 of the subsegment; the sulcus begins on the fifth segment and IS obso- lete on the Etcntoen the: it is much shorter and less distinet than in H. hartmanni, where it reaches nearly to the carinae, in 1, massai only about halfway; posterior margin on each side subdentate with two or three broad, slightly projecting teeth; the middle of the margin is smooth, and there is a smooth space next the carina. Lateral carinae distinctly more developed than in H. hartmanni, poriferous carinae thickened caudad, slightly more prominent laterad below the pore than above; pores facing nearly directly laterad, located somewhat in front of the posterior margin of the segments. Last segment as in H. hartmanni; margins of anal valves less promi- nent and compressed. Sterna rather sparsely hirsute, with a distinct, though not deep, transverse sulcus; conic processes very small, obsolete except on pos- terior segments; males with a short, broad process between the bases of the fourth pair of legs; this process ends in two rounded-conie, strongly chitinized knobs. Legs moderately hirsute with rather short hairs; anterior male legs scarcely crassate, the pads of dense hairs as in H. hartmanni, perhaps slightly less developed. Copulatory legs rather short, the apical process strongly curved near its base so that the apex lies almost in contact with a broad expansion from the anterior side of the leg near the base of the apical process; flagellum distinct only from near the end of the termi- nal process, which bears distally several sharp spines. Color in alcohol nearly black, the margins of the first segment, the carinae of the anterior segments, the posterior part of the carinae of other segments, the posterior margins of all the segments; the last half of the last segment, the ventral surface and basal joints of the legs, yellowish. Length about 28 mm.; width 3.5 mm.; length of antenna 6.5 mm.; of leg of sixteenth segment, 7.5 mm. A single male specimen, No. 1356 in the Berlin Museum, labeled, “ Ost-Afrika, M’Karamo am Pangani Massai Nycka.” HABRODESMUS ACULEATUS (Peters). Strongylosoma aculeatum PETERS. Monatsber. K. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, Phys.- Math, Klasse, February 5, 1855, p. 81. Habrodesmus aculeatus (PETERS) COOK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 98, 1895. This species was described from a single female specimen, from which little can be added to the brief descriptions cited above. An identification ought scarcely to be attempted until material can be had from the type locality. This is far distant from any of the places in which Habrodesmus has been collected, and aculeatus may easily prove to be generically distinct. The habit is somewhat different from that of the species of Habrodesmus, more notably in that the carinae are 704 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. stronger and more projecting caudad when viewed from the side, though hardly more so than in H. massai; the posterior end of the body is more tapering, and the last segment more produced caudad, Finally the whole animal is more slender than the females of the species of Habro- desmus. According to Peters, the color pattern was also different from Habrodesmus in the absence of transverse yellow bands, and more similar to that of Scolodesmus. The greater development of the carinae, however, forbids a reference to that genus. The specimen belongs to the Berlin Museum and was collected at Terra Boror, 18° south latitude, the vicinity of Quilimane.' HABRODESMUS NEGLECTUS (Silvestri). Stongylosoma neglectum StLVESTRI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2), XXXV, p. 485, fig. 2, 1895. The characters given in the description of this species are scarcely more than generic, but from the figures it appears that it may safely be referred to the present genus. Locality.—Shoa, Abyssinia. The type is in the Genoa Museum. XANTHODESMUS, new genus. Evidently closely related to Habrodesmus, but distinguishable by the absence of pores from the fifth segment and of a process from the sternum of the fourth pair of legs of males. The copulatory legs are similar to those of Habrodesmus, but are divided toward the apex into two curved prongs, a condition not known to exist in any species of Habrodesmus. The body is somewhat more slender and the carinae are somewhat less developed than in Habrodesmus, but these differ- ences are merely quantitative and would be supposed to have specific value only, were it not for the structural characters mentioned, the constancy of which in other families of the present order is well known. The sternum of the fourth legs in the present genus seems not to be widened or otherwise modified, and is in all respects like that of the fifth pair, both being slightly suleate longitudinally. XANTHODESMUS ABYSSINICUS, new species. Head as wide as the first segment; vertex and clypeus strongly and evenly convex, smooth; sulcus narrow and shallow, though distinct. First segment evenly convex, a slight transverse depression in front of the posterior margin, stronger laterad; anterior and lateral margins finely raised, but not so broad as in Habrodesmus massa. 1 Since the above was written material from Quilimane has turned up and is here described under Phaeodesmus. It is by no means impossible that Ph. longipes (Attems) is a synonym of the present species, but the type of aculeatus is not at hand for comparison. No. 1137. AFRICAN STRONG YLOSOMATIDAE—COOK. TO5 Second segment with lateral carinae much below the level of the others, longer and somewhat stronger; inferior carina distinct, forming with the somewhat raised margins a distinctly concave, subtriangular lateral surface for this segment; this condition is not distinct from that which appears in the species of Habrodesmus, but is more pronounced. Subsequent segments strongly arched, smooth; transverse sulcus of posterior subsegments deep; sutural constriction deep and long, not crenulated; posterior margin of segment scarcely uneven. Lateral carinae scarcely projecting beyond the posterior margins, even on posterior segments; poreless carinae distinct as a narrow ridge; poriferous carinae much broader, scarcely more prominent, and appear- | ing less so as they pass more gradually into the general contour of the surface. ; Last segment subtriangular, distinctly though narrowly truncate at the apex; somewhat in front of this is a faint corner or tubercle on each side. Anal valves somewhat rugulose, margins distinct, compressed ; setif- erous prominences broad. Preanal scale semicircular, faintly and bluntly apiculate; setiferous tubercles distinct, close to the apex. Sterna narrow, sparsely hirsute, not sulcate. Legs slender, sparsely hirsute; the anterior with distinet pads of dense hairs on the inferior face of the distal joints, as in Habrodesmus. Copulatory legs shaped much as in Habrodesmus, rather slender; no process from near the middle of the last joint, which is divided at apex into two slender subeonnivent, subequal prongs. Color pattern probably much as in the species of Habrodesmus; the single dried specimen is chestnut brown, lighter below and with a narrow pale band on the posterior margin and carinae of each segment, Length of broken specimen about 20 mm.; width 2.4 mm.; antennae and legs bent or broken; probably slightly shorter proportionally than in Habrodesmus hartmanni. Locality — Abyssinia; a single male specimen collected by Steudner at Keren is in the Berlin Museum, No, 374. CNEMODESMUS Cook. Cnemodesmus Cook, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 97, 1895. Body rather small and slender, somewhat depressed, not constricted behind the first segment. Carinae distinet and distinctly produced on all segments, but not so prominent as in Phaeodesmus. Sterna armed only with slight, rounded prominences at the bases of the legs; sternum of fourth legs with a rather broad, thin-edged, truneate and slightly notched process, the lateral sides of which are distinetly sloping. Legs long and slender, but more robust than those of the other Proc. N. M. vol. xx 45 TOG PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.~ genera of the group; anterior legs somewhat crassate, “especially the | third joint of legs 4-6, which bears in addition a subconiec, truncate, — oblique process, on which is located the aperture of the duct of an internal gland; two distal joints of anterior legs of male with cushions of dense hairs. Jopulatory legs comparable to those of Habrodesmus, that is with a very slender and a broader prong. Distinet from all known African genera in the form of the third joint of legs 4-6. In this respect its nearest relative is Phaeodesmus, and the characters of the carinae support this view. The copulatory legs and process of the sternum of the fourth legs of Phaeodesmus accentu- ate the distinctness of the genera. CNEMODESMUS THYSANOPUS (Cook and Collins). Paradesmus thysanopus Cook and Couiins, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VIII, p. 25, pl. 1, figs. 1-6, 1893. Cnemodesmus thysanopus CooK, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 97, 1895. Locality.x—Congo. Type.—No. 628, U.S. N.M. Collected by the United States Eclipse Expedition to West Africa, 1889 and 1890. PHAFODESMUS, new genus. Body rather small, somewhat depressed, very slender, and not con- stricted behind the first segment. Carinae more distinct than in the other genera, distinetly produced on all segments into sharply triangular corners, which extend caudad beyond the transverse margin of the segments. Sterna with conic processes very distinct and narrowly pointed, more prominent than in other genera; sternum of fourth legs with a very prominent, antero-postically flattened, and strongly chitinized, naked process, the lateral sides of which are notched at base, so that the structure in question is broader distad; sternum of sixth legs with process rudimentary. Legs long and slender; last joint of anterior male legs with pads of dense hairs; third joint of legs 5 and 6 with appressed spiniform processes evidently comparable with those of Cnemodesmus, but much smaller and the joint not crassate. Copulatory legs with two large leaf-like processes projecting mesad from near their middle; distally the legs have two prongs not unlike those of Habrodesmus. Distinct from Habrodesmus, which it resembles in habit and devel- opment of carinae by the large mesially directed processes of the cop- ulatory legs, and the very prominent and flattened process of the sternum of the fourth legs of the male. The sterna of the posterior pair of legs of all segments behind the eighth are produced into sharp No. 1137. AFRICAN STRONG YLOSOMATIDAE—COOK. TO7 conic spines, narrower and more pointed than those of other genera, and the carinae are more produced and more acutely pointed than elsewhere, exceeding in this respect Cnemodesmus, which consider- ably surpasses Habrodesmus, where the middle segments have the carinae not produced. The presence of processes on the third joints of legs 5 and 6 is another indication of affinity with Cnemodesmus. PHAEODESMUS LONGIPES (Attems). Orthomorpha longipes ATTEMS, Mitth. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, XIII, p. 25 (1896). Head slightly broader than the first segment; vertex even, sulcus fine, broader below; clypeus even, sparsely hirsute with short hairs. First segment subreniform, the lateral margin raised and defined by a distinet groove. Second segment slightly broader than the first, as in Habrodesmus laetus; its posterior corner produced into a distinct rounded lobe. Segments dorsally smooth, but scarcely shining, transverse sulcus beginning from the fifth segment; fine, not deep, obsolete from the sixteenth segment. Lateral carinae distinct, considerably more prominent than in Habro- desmus laetus, the corners produced on all segments beyond the pos- terior margin as a distinct triangular process. Viewed from the side, the carinae appear equally distinct from those of the species mentioned, being narrower and much more produced and pointed. On poreless segments they are much reduced, but still distinctly exceeding the margin, as is also the case on posterior segments, including the nine- teenth. Transverse constriction rather long, distinct and moderately deep, not crenulate. Last segment smooth to near the apex, where it is abruptly narrowed; apex subeylindrical, truncate. Anal valves sparsely rugulose, the setae borne on minute tubercles rather remote from the distinctly compressed and rather prominent margins. Preanal scale subtriangular, rounded, with two small setiferous tuber- cles distinct from the margin. Sterna with a distinct, sharply conic process at the bases of the posterior: legs of each segment. At the bases of tlfe anterior pair are much smaller processes; sternum of the fourth legs of male with a very prominent, antero-postically flattened process, which is slightly nar- rowed on the sides at base and has its distal edge strongly chitinized, of a brown color, naked and slightly notched in the middle. Legs distinctly more slender than those of Habrodesmus laetus and somewhat more sparsely hirsute; anterior legs of male with pads of dense hairs; third joint of legs four and five of male with a subappressed, spiniform process from the ventral face of the distal part of the third TO8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. joint. This process suggests that of Cnemodesmus thysanopus, but is much more pointed. There is also a difference in that the joint affected — is crassate in Cnemodesmus and the third leg is there also provided with the largest process, while here entirely unarmed. Copulatory legs with two large subfaleate processes from near the middle; distally the legs cross each other and are divided at apex into two unequal prongs. Length of male, 22 mm.; width, 2 mm.; length of leg from tenth seg- ment, 4.3 mm.; of antenna, 4.7 mm. Color of alcholic specimens rather light chocolate brown, the cari- nae and under surface pale yellowish; antennae and distal joints of the legs brown. Locality.—Quilimane, collected by Stuhlmann. Type—Hamburg Museum. Through the kindness of Professor Kraepalin I have had the opportunity of studying types of this spe- cies. The above description differs in some points from that of Attems, who found the dorsal surface granular, and overlooked the processes of the fourth and fifth legs, and of the sternum of the fourth legs. There is also no distinct constriction of the anterior segments, as in Scolodes- mus, the relative proportions of the segments being normal, since throughout the present family the fifth segment is abruptly larger than those which precede it. In the Berlin Museum (No. 557a) is a specimen from Wito (Fischer) which has been reported by Professor Karsch as Strongylosoma hart- manni.! The specimen is not now available, but drawings of the copu- latory legs show that it is closely related, if not specifically identical with the types of longipes. This species may also prove to be asynonym of Strongylosoma aculeatum Peters. !'Troschel’s Archiv. f. Naturgesch., XLVII, p. 44 (1881). AMERICAN LEAF-HOPPERS OF THE SUBFAMILY TYPHLOCY BINAE. By CLARENCE P. GILLETTE, Professor of Zoology and Entomology, Colorado Agricultural College. THIS subfamily comprises the lowest, and also the most beautiful and fragile, of the species included in the family Jassidae of the order Hemiptera. On account of the very small size of most of the species and the difficulty with which they are preserved in suitable condition for study, the group has been much neglected by students of entomology in this country. Mr. Van Duzee, in his Catalogue of the Described Jas- soidea of North America, lists thirty-five species in this subfamily, and Berg, in Hemiptera Argentina, described three species from South America, while Doctor L. Melicbar, in Cicadinen von Mittel-Europa, lists seventy-three species. Although the present paper fully doubles the number of species known to occur in the Americas, it is evident that the study of the Typhlocybinae on this side of the Atlantic is only fairly begun. The attempt is here made to get together the scattered descriptions of American species, to give a fairly complete bibliography of American literature on the group, to straighten out the synonymy among the species, and to describe such new forms as have come to hand, so that others may be helped in working up such material as they possess. No attempt has been made to give a complete bibliography of other than American writings, but in every case all references are given that have come to my notice. Classification.—It will be noticed that certain genera recognized by late European writers are not recognized in this paper. Mrythriais united with Dicraneura, and Zygina and Zyginella with Typhlocyba, because the characters separating these genera seem to me not to be of genericimportauce. Chloritaand Kybos are putunder Lmpoasca because Empoasca has precedence and covers both of the former, and because the characters separating the genera are not constant. Among the species described in this paper there can be found every possible grada- tion between the Chlorita and Kybos type of vertex, and the difference in elytral venation is often found in a single species and even in single individuals. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XX—No. 1138. 709 (Ud 710 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. Important characters.—The characters in the Typhlocybinae are fewer | and less constant than those of higher forms. The most constant seem to be those of the form of the face and vertex and genital pieces, and of the form and venation of the wings and elytra. t Acknowledgments.—Although I shall mention, in connection with each species, the names of those who have sent me specimens, I feel that special mention should be made of the large number of specimens sent me for study by the United States National Museum, by the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History,and by Cornell University. Special acknowledgments are also due Mr, Ki. P. Van Duzee, who has sent me much American material and who kindly loaned me his private collee- tion of European species. CHARACTERS DISTINGUISHING THE TYPELOCYBINAE. The Typhlocybinae are readily separated from all other Jassoidea by the four longitudinal veins or sectors of the elytra, which run to the cross-nervures forming the apical cells without branching, so that there are no anteapical cells, and by the lack of supernumerary cells in the posterior wings. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF TYPHLOCYBINAE, A. Sectors of posterior wings ending in a marginal vein. B. Elytra with an appendix, beyond the clavus. .....-2_..-.-.._---...---- Alebrag BB. Elytra without appendix. (Go Lworpical:cells) im! posterior wiltoy eee see eee Dicraneura. G@y Onerapical cell in “posterior wane ss= se ee Empoasca. AA. Sectors of posterior wings ending in wing margin, no marginal vein. Sectors 1 and 2 uniting so that only three veins extend to the margin... Typhlocyba. All four sectors extending to the wing margin.......----.---....--.-. ELupterye. Genus ALEBRA Fieber. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ALEBRA, A. Vertex broadly rounded, hardly at all produced. Baoniirely: yellow, or whitish and yellow= 2-2) -2=222— === =e albostriella. BB. Yellow, with a broad dorsal stripe blackish. @5 Mace broader than long... 222-2. do. 2.) see oe eee eee eee dorsalis. CC} Pacelonver than broad .:.....2..2- -2.5 2222 sae eee eee ee fumida, BEB: Bilytradeep smoky, markediwith red\ 2. J. 2 2-7 eee ae ee eee robusta. AA. Vertex much produced. B. Color light yellow; three dark spots on inner margins of elytra... .trimaculala. BB. Color yellow, two broad transverse black bands on elytra..-.-.-.---. bifasciata. BBB. Light yellow, marked above with white and golden yellow, the latter margined with black on elytra.....2...---=-31.--2-----= curvilinea. ALEBRA CURVILINEA, new species. General color pale yellow, marked above with white‘and golden, the latter, upon the elytra, margined with black. Length, 3 mm. Face very long and narrow, one-third longer than broad; clypeus NO. 1138. AMERICAN TY PHLOCY BINAE—GILLETTE. TL exceeding the genae by about one-third its length, color sordid white. Vertex rather strongly produced, whitish in color, very narrow between the eyes, which are large. Pronotum a little broader than the head, strongly produced anteriorly, yellow on the anterior and white on the posterior half. Scutellum yellowish brown, paler across the middle. The extreme bases of the elytra are white, just beyond the white base of either elytron is an oblique golden-yellow stripe margined with a narrow black line posteriorly; following this is a rather broad milky white line which rises on the inner margin near the base of the elytron and forms two : ares, the first extending to the Fic. 1.—ELYTRON OF ALEBRA CURVILINEA. costal margin and returning to the inner margin at the tip of the clavus, the second arising at tip of the clavus, extending to near the costal margin and returning to the inner margin near the tip of the elytron. Within the large are is a large golden area, palest at the center; another smaller spot of the same color lies in the angle formed by the union of the two ares. Abdomen above and below yellow. Feet entirely yellow. (See Fig. 1.) Described from one male and one female, the former taken in Janu- ary and the latter in April by Mr. H. H. Smith at Chapada, Brazil. ALEBRA BIFASCIATA, new species. Color yellow, with two broad transverse bands of black on the elytra. Length, 3 mm. Face light yellow, unicolorous; clypeus long and considerably exceed- ing the genae, entire length of face exceeding the breadth by about one-third of the latter. Head smail, distinctly narrower than the pro- notum; vertex yellow, without markings, strongly produced, eyes large and black. Pronotum entirely yellow and but little longer than the vertex. Scutellum entirely black, except the extreme apex, which, in three examples, is whit- ish. Elytra yellowish, with a broad black or smoky band at their base and another at the cross-veins; extreme tips hyaline or nearly so. (See Fig. 2.) Abdomen entirely yellow, or with the termi- nal segments of the terguim black. Last ventral segment of female moderately produced and entire. Legs entirely pale yellow. In two of the males the dark basal band of the elytra does not quite reach the costal margins. Described from four males and one female taken by Mr, H. H. Smith at Chapada, Brazil. Fic. 2.—ELYTRON OF ALEBRA BIFASCIATA. 8 \9) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. ALEBRA TRIMACULATA, new species. Color light yellow, three dark spots on the inner margins of the — elytra. Length, 3.25 mm. Face pale yellow, unicolorous, length about once and a half the breadth; clypeus very long, much exceeding the genae. Head, thorax, and pronotum yellow, immaculate; compound eyes dusky, with a green- ish tinge; vertex rather strongly produced; head dis- tinctly narrower than the pro- notum. The dark spots on the elytra are arranged as fol- lows: The first is on the inner z margin of the clavus and about one-third of the length of the clavus from its base, the sece- ond is also on the inner margin i just before the inner cross- Fics.3 and 4._ELYTRON AND WING OF ALEBRA TRIMA- yervure and opposite the tip eamdaas of the clavus, and the third, which is not as dark as the others, lies just beyond the outer cross- nervure near the apex of the elytron. Abdomen and all beneath pale yellow. Last ventral segment with the posterior angles broadly rounded and with a slight scoop-shaped tooth on the middle of the posterior margin. (See Figs. 3 and 4 for wing venation.) Described from a single female taken by Mr. H. H. Smith in April at Chapada, Brazil. ALEBRA ROBUSTA, new species. Beneath yellow; vertex and pronotum yellow marked with red; elytra deep smoky marked with red. Length, 3.25 mm. Face very pale yellow, almost white; length about five-fourths of the breadth; elypeus moderate in length but considerably exceeding the genae. Vertex pale yellow, with three red spots, one at the extreme apex and two back of this between the compound eyes, but little produced, narrow; compound eyes large. Pronotum hardly broader than the head and marked with four red lines, one on either side ex- tending back from the compound eyes, and two parallel #ie.5—vertex ones upon the dorsum. Scutellum reddish brown, indis- —4NP PRONoTUM oF tinctly marked with whitish lines and spots, blackish iit near the apex, but the extreme apex light yellow. Elytradeep smoky, with a broken yellowish oblique line on the clavus, a similar reddish line on the inner sector, and a broad outer margin to the first eross- nervure varied with blotches of reddish yellow and reddish brown. Abdomen blood-brown above, pale yellow beneath. Legs entirely pale yellow. (For form of vertex and pronotum and for venation of elytron, see Figs. 5 and 6.) NO. 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCY BINAE—GILLETTE. 713 Described from a single male taken by Mr. H. H. Smith in the month of April at Chapada, Brazil. ALEBRA DORSALIS, new species. Entirely yellow beneath, mostly deep smoky or blackish above back of the vertex. Length, 4 mm. Face remarkably short and broad, the breadth exceeding the length by about one-sixth of the latter; the clypeus broadly rounded below, and hardly exceeding the genae, broader near the apex than at the base. Vertex broadly rounded, slightly produced, yellow, with a slight dusky coloration posteriorly. Pronotum short and broad, a little nar- rower than the head, deep smoky or blackish in color, except at the sides back of the compound eyes where it is yellow. Seutelium concolorous with the pronotum, and without markings except the ex- treme apex, which is yel- lowish. Elytra yellowish hyaline on the outer half, the inner half and entire apex deep smoky. Tergum black with the lateral margins of the segments deep yellow, all beneath yellow. Described from one male taken by Mr. H. H. Smith, in the month of April, at Chapada, Brazil. Fic. 6.—ELYTRON OF ALEBRA ROBUSTA. ALEBRA ALBOSTRIELLA Fallen. Cicada albostriella FALLEN, Hemiptera Sueciae-Cicadariae, p. 54, 1829. Typhlocyba albostriella FLOR, Rhyn. Livl., pp. 373, 382, 1861; varieties fulveola, elegantula, Wahlbergi, discicollis, and fasciata, ibid., p. 384. Alebra albostriella FIEBER, Kat. d. eur. Cicad., p. 14, 1872; varieties elegantula, discicollis, fulreola, and Wahklbergi, ibid., p. 14.—Mayr, Rhyn. Triol., I; Hemip. hom. (Cicad.), p. 23, 1880; Tab. d. Cicad. v. Centraleuropa, p. 36, 1884.— PUTON, Cat. d. Hemipteres, p. 86, 1886; varieties elegantula, discicollis, exima, Ffulveola, and Wahlbergi, ibid., p. 86.—MELICHAR, Cic v. Mittel-europa, p. 517, 1896.—WoopwortH, Psyche, V, p. 76, 1888. Typhlocyba aurata, pallida, and binotata WALSH, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 315, 1864. Alebra aurea, pallida, and binotata Woodworth, Psyche, V, p. 215, 1889.—VaAN DvUZEF, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, p. 309, 1894. Erythroneura mali PROVANCHER, Pet. Faune Ent. Can., III, p. 298, 1890. According to Fallen this species is described as follows: Cicada albostriella lutescens, thoracie lineis tribus elytorumque duabus albis, pedi- bus pallidis. Mas. § Fem. Colore similes. In Ostrogothiaa D. Zetterstedt inventa. Statura Cie. variate, Longit. 2 lin.—Caput immaculatum. Thorax untrinque striga laterali & media dorsali, quae scutellum transit, alba pulehre picta. Elytra pellucida Inte- scentia: striis duabus albis magisque pellucidis a basifere ad apicem ductis. Abdo- men supranigricans, subtus pallidum. Pedes in exsiceatis albidi. 714 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Fig. 7 shows form of vertex and pronotum, and Figs. 8 and 9 the vena- tion of elytron and wing. This species, on account of its wide distribution and great variety of forms, has been described, as indicated above, under no less than seven different names in Europe and four 1n this country. Walsh’s aurea is identical with fulveola H-S., and his pallida is like the albostriella of Fallen. These are the only two varieties that I have seen from this country. It is possible that Walsh’s binotata may be a good species, but it hardly seems possible, as the only difference between this and aurea is its paler yellow color and a little dusky marking. This seems a rather rare species in this country. L have seen but nineteen specimens in all, and twelve of ere eau. these were in one sending from Mr. Otto Heidemann. Ropeeeeenocune I have received specimens of this species as follows: BSUS From Professor J. B. Smith, two specimens, labeled ‘ Washington, D. C., 2-6,’93;” from Professor G. C. Davis, two speci- mens, one taken on pear and one on cherry at the Michigan Agricul- tural College; one from Mr, C. F. Hart, taken in Lllinois; from Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, two, taken at Hamburg, New York, sweeping ferns and ‘ank weeds; from Mr. Otto Heidemann twelve, eleven of which were marked ‘“*Washington, D.C.,” and one “ Rock Enon Spr., Va.” Walsh’s specimens were taken at Rock Island, Illinois, and Provancher’s in Canada. ALEBRA FUMIDA, new species. Yellowish below, dark smoky above; length 3.75 mm. Face entirely yellow or slightly washed with smoky above; length of front 0.9 mm., breadth 0.8 mm.; the clypeus is pointed at the tip, broad- est a little below the mid- dle, and is a little more than one-third the length of the front. The genae are narrow, deeply in- curved beneath the eyes, scarcely visible against the lorae, broadened beneath — | ime Ss 6) as: Fics. 8 and 9.—ELYTRON AND WING OF ALEBRA ALBOSTRIELLA. the jorae where they meet the clypeus at its broadest part, some distance from the apex. Antennae yellow, a little paler than the face. Vertex concolorous with the face, without markings, except a dark median line, not perceptibly longer at the middle than at the eyes, ocelli wanting. Pronotum varying from yellow washed with smoky brown on the middle and posterior portions to dark smoky throughout; width, one and six- NO. 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. 05) sevenths times the length, and its length just twice the length of the vertex; posterior margin a little concave. Scutellum usually a little darker than the pronotum, the transverse groove black; elytra deep smoky to blackish, the color deepest on clavus and near the tips. Tergum, smoky brown, with the apical margins of the segments yellowish; ovipositor, yellow- ish; sheaths, smoky brown; venter, yellow; pygofers, infuseated. Legs yellow throughout with claws blackish. Type.—No. 3411, U.S.N.M. Fic. 10.—V ERTEX Described from four females and one male, all xp PRoxorem or from Cornell University and labeled “Ithaca, N.Y., 9 “°?"**UUP- July 31, 94.” (See Figs. 10, 11,12.) Ido not feel at Payee all certain that the above Sarre) may not prove to beanother as of the many varieties of albostriella when a larger series of this species has ; been studied, as the prin- Uae cipal differences seem to be in coloration. Genus DICRANEURA Hardy. 12 Only two American spe- Figs. 11 and 12.—ELyTRON AND WING OF ALEBRA FUMIDA. cies in this genus have been reported up to the present time. From the material in hand, I ain able to recognize a good number of both of these and to add eight others, seven of which are new. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICRANEURA. A. Elytra with a deep triangular apical cell on costal inargin., B. Elytra covered with red spots of varying size...-......--........-.-. maculata. BB, Elytra whitish, unicolorous, or with two longitudinal sanguineous lines on Bac MMU Ouse lack SPO bs ase... seccicwce Sobee aes cea see. Sess cruentatus. BBB. Elytra with orange markings and with a biack spot in the middle apical CO Ere tee etree pecs es Sey. Sas Ree SO ier Se unipuncta, BBBB. Elytra largely colored with red and with a black spot in the inner apical Cee ee stereo hae e ss oe a seo Riek SO tele yisicie ses oh é-vittata. AA. Elytra with apical cell on costal margin lanceolate or wanting. Beblvinamoulay whiteymervuresmdistinet:-=.2..2..ac Internal marginsof elytra blackish. ..-.-............--..--:.. commissuralis. CC. Internal margins of elytra not black. D. Elytra with a transverse row of dark blotches before the cross veins. E. Apical nervures infuscate at their outer ends. F. Length 3.25 mm., without black spot on anterior margin of pronotum. tenerrima, FF, Length 3.75 mim., with black spot on anterior margin of pronotum. ulmi. EE. Apical veins of ellytra not infuscate. .-.-...2...=---.----.--+.-.. querci. DD. Elytra without transverse row of dark blotches before the cross yeins. Ei. Last ventral segment of female truncate and slightly notched posteriorly. flavomarginata, EE. Last ventral segment of female produced and entire. pee lem owing princes pee mepn ee aa, Foy See islam eejaeie%s we sist Sas albicans. FF. Length about 3.5 mm. Gra Colorpalevyellonvg tomwihiitiSline 2.6.2 ssscamct ace =-)o- so sas ace ros. GG. Color golden yellow to cross veins of elytra. --.......-.-.lethierryi. TYPHLOCYBA BIPUNCTATA, new species. Color red, vertex with two black spots; length 2.25 mm, Face short and broad, very tumid, bright red with lighter blotches above, paler red beneath where it is indistinctly transversely marked with pale lines, clypeus black. Vertex red with two conspicuous black spots a little before the middle surrounded by a narrow band of pale yellow; length about one-third greater at the middle than at the eyes. Pronotum red with four small pale spots on the anterior margin, pos- terior margin straight. Seutellum red with a black spot on each basal angle and with pale coloration margining these spots and upon the apex. LElytra red with a line on claval suture and one on the corium beneath white, beyond cross nervures smoky subhyaline, nervures red. Basal portion of abdomen blackish above and below, apical portion yellow, tip of ovipositor red, last ventral segment of female consid- erably produced. Feet smoky yellow. Type.—No. 3441, U.S.N.M. Described from a single female taken by Doctor R. E. Kunzé at Tueson, Arizona, April 4, in general collecting. Since writing the above, I have received an additional female from Doctor Kunzé, taken at the same place, April 30. It differs from the type in being nearly a half millimeter longer and having smoky-brown coloration in place of the red. TYPHLOCYBA COCCINEA Fitch. Empoa coccinea Fircn, Homop. N. Y. St. Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 63, 1851; reprint in Lintner’s 9th Rep., Ins. N. Y., p. 403, 1893. Typhlocyba coccinea WoopWortTH, Psyche, V, p. 213, 1889.—VaN Duzer, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, p. 313, 1894. 752 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xx, This species is described by Doctor itch as follows: Searlet red, immaculate, pectus and venter orange, elytra brownish pellucid, Length 0.10 inch. Taken on pines. No. 829 @. This is a Species that I have not seen, and I do not know that there isadetermined specimen in existence, It could undoubtedly be obtained with little trouble from pines, and would be readily recognized by its searlet color without markings. TYPHLOCYBA SANGUINEA Gillette & Baker. Typhlocyba sanguinea GILLETTE & Baker, Bull. 31, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 112, 1895. Near coccinea. Female: Clypeus one-half longer than broad, basal suture straight; lorae very long and narrow, a half longer than elypeus, reaching half the distance between the base of clypeus and antennae; genae long and narrow, lateral margin concave, slightly grooved along sides of lorae. Front nearly twice longer than wide at widest place between the eyes, two and one-fifth times as long as clypeus, superior angle greater than aright angle, very obtusely rounded; face and anterior half of vertex very finely rugose; length at middle of vertex one-fourth more than at the eyes. Pronotum glabrous with obscure Fic. 10L-VERTEX transverse wrinkles on posterior one half, four-fifths AND PRONOTUM OF rypuLocysa san. broader than long, anterior margin broadly rounded, Ee posterior margin distinctly concave, sides normal; seu- tellum broader than long; last ventral segment with hind margin strongly produced, very slightly notched at apex. Color pale yellow; face tinged with sanguineous above; vertex, pronotum, except at sides, and seutellum bright sanguineous; elytra hyaline, veins very light yellow; vertex at sides and tergum tinged with sanguineous; legs unicolorous. Length 4mm. Described from one female. (See Fig. 104.) The type specimen was taken by the writer at Manitou, Colorado, September 29, on Salix. TYPHLOCYBA TUNICARUBRA, new species. Color pale yellow and bright red, form robust. Length 3.75 mm. Face very pale yellow, almost white, a trifle broader than long, genae nearly attaining the tips of the clypeus, superior angle obtuse and more than aright angle. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum light yellow; vertex one-third longer at middle than at eyes, distance between the eyes one-half more than the length at the middle, pronotum two and one-third times as long as vertex and a little less than twice as wide as long, almost truncate behind, posterior angle one-fourth broader than anterior. Compound eyes yellowish, slightly infuscate. Elytra bright red to cross veins, tips yellowish subhyaline. Tip of wing broad. NO, 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. 753 Basal segments of ter gum somewhat infuscated, remainder of tergum and all below light yellow. Type.—No. 3442, U.S.N.M. Described from two females sent me by Professor G. C, Davis. The pins bear labels which read, ‘ Mich. Ag. Coll., July 15,91. Ae. 445 Sp.” This species stands very close to highly colored forms of 3-fasciata Say, but in the latter species the coloration is in the form of spots of varying size, while in tunica rubra the color is solid with no indication of spots. TYPHLOCYBA TRICINCTA Fitch. Erythroneura tricinecta Frrcu, Homop. N. Y. St. Cab. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 63, 1851; Trans. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., XVI, pp. 392, 436, 1856; reprint in Lintner’s 9th Rep., Ins. N. Y., p. 403, 1893.—Watsu, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., LX, p. 317, 1864. Typhlocyba tricincta WoopwortH, Psyche, V, p. 213, 1889.—Packarp, Forest Insects, p. 218, 1:90.—WEED, Insects and Insecticides, p. 84, fig. 2, 1891; p. 134, fig. 2, 1895.—OsBorN, Proc. Ja. Acad. Sci., I, Pt. 2, p. 11, 1892.—Van Duzxek, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, p.313, 1884.— GILLETTE & Bakrr, Bull. al Colo; Aer Hxp.iSta., p. 13) 1895: Doctor Fitch describes this species as follows: Pale yellow with three broad bands, the anterior velvet black, occupying the thorax and basal half of scutel; the middle bright ferruginous ending outwardly in black, forward of the middle of the elytra, the posterior dusky brown on the apex. Length 0.12 inch. Var. a. Anterior band sanguineous. (See Fig. 105). Doctor Fitch took this species upon, raspberry and currant bushes and grapevines, and in his later writings was inclined to think it only a variety of vitis. I have taken the species at Ames, Iowa, on grape- vines, and at Fort Collins, Colorado, on grass. I have received it from others as follows: From the private collection of Mr. C. A. Hart, Nos. 2, 514, 547, 562, and 565, all from Illinois; also a number of specimens taken by Mr. Hart at Havana, [llinois, on grape vines; from Lowa Agricultural College, specimens taken at Ames, lowa, July 1; from Mr. Otto Heidemann, specimens marked, ‘ Marsh Hall, Md.;” from Mr. . F. F. Crevecceur, specimens taken among leaves in the timber at Onaga, Kansas, in early spring; from the U.S. National Museum, speci- mens marked, “ Mo., Riley, Grape, Sep. 12,” and from Professor H. E. Weed, specimens marked, ‘‘ Ag. Coll. Mo.” Doctor Packard, in “ Forest Insects,” mentions this insect as injuri- ously abundant upon elm trees. Although this species is often abundant upon grapevines along with comes and its varieties, it seems to me to be a very distinct and well marked species: IProc. N. MM; vol. xx———_48 1G. 105.—ELYTRON OF TYPHLOCYBA TRICINCTA. 754 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX TYPHLOCYBA HARTII, new species. Colors light yellow and bright red, length 2.9 min. Face pale yellow to ivory white, more or less streaked with red aeross the upper portion; a little longer than wide, the clypeus only about one-tourth of the entire length of face, genae nearly attaining the tip of the elypeus. Vertex ivory white with a row of four spots between the compound eyes, the two end spots touching the eyes and smaller than the two middle spots, which are quite large; the two spots on the same. side run together in some of the specimens, and in one the large spot also extends to the middle line of the vertex at the posterior margin, making a con- tinuous are from the eyes. These spots may be bright red or only reddish yel- low. Vertex considerably produced, rather pointed and almost exactly in a right angle; length at middle one-halt ereater than at the eyes, distance be- tween the eyes one-fifth greater than the length at middle. Pronotum one and a half as long as the vertex and nearly twice as wide as long, a broad median red stripe forked before, the forks joining a large spot on either side just behind the eye, and which does not extend to the posterior margin of the pronotum. Sen- tellum with broad median stripe, and all back of the transverse groove ivory white, basal angles more or less reddish. Elytra bright red to near cross veins, with a narrow yellowish costal margin and a large semicircular spot of the same color on the middle of the inner margin of the clavus, making a large circular spot when the elytre are closed; tips of elytra yellowish white. Abdomen above pale yellow with the apical margins of the segments in some cases reddish. All below pale yellow, except | a tips of tarsi, which are infuscated. (See 4108 3 ant ee AN a Figs. 106, 107.) RUBROSCUTA. Described from five females and four males sent me from the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, bear- ing the numbers 14873, 14877, 17867, and one specimen from the private collection of Mr. Hart bearing the number 466. Mr. Hart writes me that those bearmg the first two numbers were taken from rye, April 22 and 23, at Champaign, Illinois, and those bearing the number 17867 were taken at the same place and date among leaves. Fes. 106 and 107.—ELYTRON AND WING OF TYPHLOCYBA HARTI. This is a very pretty little species, and I take pleasure in dedicating it to Mr. C. A. Hart. adit enya ah = “wet On’ > _0- 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. 155 TYPHLOCYBA RUBROSCUTA, new species. Color whitish, marked with bright red, compound eyes black; length 3.25 mm. ' Face nearly, or quite, as broad as long, sutures very indistinct, color yellowish brown to reddish, a rather broad yellow band on the edge of the vertex between the eyes. Vertex mostly pale yellow, but the extreme tip and a spot approximate to each compound eye at the hind margin are usually red. It is strongly produced and rather acutely pointed, “its leneth being contained in the length of the pronotum only about one and onehalf times. Pronotum varying in color from yellow, tinged with red, to bright red with a large yellow spot on the middle of the anterior margin; it is but little wider than the head and consid- erably less than twice as wide as long. Scutellum uniformly red, or with a rectangular median portion that is paler in color than the rest. Elytra very pale yellow with a broad transverse red band which does not attain the costal margins. There is also a little ved coloration on the costal margin near the base and on the cross nervures. — Abdomen pale yellow, the tips of the segments sometimes pinkish, tip of the ovipositor black, last ventral segment of / ¢ female with a rather strongly produced tooth on the middle — 109a of the posterior margin. Legs 7 pale yellow, usually more or less strongly tinged with pinkish. (See Figs. 108, 109, 109a, 110, 111.) Type.—No. 3443, U.S.N.M. Described from a large num- ber of males and females taken in February among leaves in the timber at Onaga, Kansas, 110 111 by Mr. F, F. Creveceeur. Figs. 109a, 110, and 111.—LAsST VENTRAL SEGMENT OF I have also received a single FEMALE, ELYTRON, AND WING OF TYPHLOCYBA RU- specimen from Champaign, Illi- 9 ““°°°""* nois, sent me by Mr. C. A. Hart, who writes that it was taken among leaves April 25. TYPHLOCYBA TRIFASCIATA Say. Tettigonia trifasciata Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1V, p. 343, 1825; reprint, Compiled Writings, II, p. 259, 1891.—S1Gnorer, Ann. Soe. Ent. de Fr.. 3 ser., p. 805, 1855. Typhlocyba trifasciata WooDWORTH, Psyche, V, p. 213, 1889.—OsBorn, Proce. Ta. Acad. Sci., I, Pt. 2, p. 11, 1892.—Van Duzxr, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc , XXI, p. 313, 1894. Say’s description is as follows: Pale yellowish white; elytra irrorate with reddish and somewhat trifasciate with dusky. Inhabits Missonri. Body pale yellowish white; head with two or three obsolete dull sanguincous >| ‘ Cx 756 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vo guineous line abbreviated before, and an obsolete curve at the anterior angle hemelytra whitish, irrorate with sanguineous; a dilated, brownish, interrupted 4 subbasal band; an obsolete interrupted band behind the middle, upon the posterior, costal termination of which is an abbreviated sanguineous line, and an oblique blackish band near the tip; a large quadrate white immaculate spot on the middle) of the costal margin; humeral base white, immaculate; tergum dusky at base; feet) q white. % Length to tip of the hemelytra one-eighth of an inch. A The spots of the head and thorax are sometimes hardly discernible, and the interme- diate band is often so faint and interrupted as to be overlooked. (See Figs. 112, 1138.) = spots on the vertex in the form of curves or circles; eyes dusky; thorax, a dull san 2 > I have received specimens of this species as follows: From Professor \ H. E. Weed, marked “Ag. Coll. Miss., Oct. 22, 94;” from Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, marked 13572 and 17398, those of the latter number taken on grapes; from the private collection of Mr. C. A. Hart, specimens bearing the numbers 462, 550, 562, and 566, all taken in Illinois; also from Mr. Hart a number of specimens that he took on grape at Havana, Illinois; from Mr. F. F. Crevecceur, a number of spec- imens taken by himself in early spring among leaves in the timber at Onaga, Kansas; from | the U. S. National Museum ~ specimens labeled ‘‘ Mo. Riley.” This is a very pretty species that varies to a considerable extent. in its markings. The three dusky fasciae are very distinct in some specimens and | almost wanting in others; some | have almost none of the red coloration, while others are highly colored upon the elytra with sanguineous. In all the specimens that I have examined the tip of the scutellum has been jet black. 1a Fias. 112 and 113.—ELYTRON AND WING OF TYPHLOCYBA TRIFASCIATA. TYPHLOCYBA OBLIQUA Say. Tettigonia obliqua Say, Jour, Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, p. 342, 1825; reprint, Compiled Writings, II, p. 259, 1891. | Erythroneura obliqua Fircu, Homop. N. Y. St. Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 63, 1851; Trans. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., XVI, p. 435, 1856; reprint in Lintner’s 9th Rep., p. 403, 1893.—WALSH, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 317, 1864.—PROVANCHER, Pet. Faune Ent. Can., ILI, p. 340, 1890. Typhlocyba obliqua Woopwortu, Psyche, V, p. 213, 1889.—Van DuzE®, Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., XX1, p. 312, 1894.—GILLETTE & BAKER, Bull. 31, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 112, 1895. The original description by Say is as follows: Body yellowish white with two sanguineous lines, connivent upon the head and scutel; hemelytra white, with the two sanguineous lines. Inhabits the United States. — ltl Lee ANI AS Oe 5 Body pale yellowish white; head with two dilated sanguineous lines, connivent +0. 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. 757 >efore; antennie, seta as long as the head and thorax, dusky; thorax with two san- suineous lines; scutel with two lines and tip sanguineous; hemelytra whitish, an blique line from the base slightly refracted on the thinner margin, and terminating vehind the middle of the margin; an oblique longitudinal line on the disk, a more abbreviated, obsolete, subcostal line, and a costal line from the base to the middle -of the edge, sanguineous; feet whitish; tail rosaceous. Length rather more than one-tenth of an inch. Found at Engineer Cantonment, and is also common in Penn. In the Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society men- tioned above, Doctor Fitch speaks of this insect as follows: A very small white leaf hopper 0.12 (inch) long, its head and thorax with two bright blood-red or orange stripes and three short oblique ones on the wing covers, the outer one placed on the shoulder, the middle one on the disk, and the inner one end- ing on the middle of the inner margin This is common, particularly upon the bushes of the wild currant, but occurs on various other shrubs and trees throughout the year. It is subject to considerable variations, the stripes being sometimes of a pale yellow color, and one or another of them wanting. Commonly three black or dusky dots may be seen on the wing covers in an oblique row forward of the membranous tips. (See Figs. 114, 115.) This is one of the grape-infesting species and is commonly taken along with comes and its varieties. I have received specimens as follows: from Th. Pergande, labeled, “}).C. On Oak;?7 from Mr. Otto Heidemann, labeled ‘“*D. C.;” from Professor G. C. Davis, labeled ‘Ag. Coll. Mich., on Apple, July 15;” from Illinois State Laboratory of it Natural History, taken at Cham- paign, Illinois, in general sweeping; from Mr..C. A. Hart, labeled 32, 335, 448, 449, 474,512, and 535; from / the U.S. National Museum, labeled, ; 115 “Calif.” “DD. C..” &“ Ta..” iq Me.” Fics. 114 and re ee pe WING OF TYPHLO- anesoMor;? and. ftom Mr. F.: F. Crevecceur labeled, “Taken among leaves in timber near Onaga, Kansas.” I have taken this species in general sweeping near Fort Collins, along the river and in the foothills, and also at Canyon City, Colorado, on plum and at Manitou, Colorado, on oak. I find the following very well marked varieties in this species which have not been characterized. Some of these may prove to be worthy of specific rank, but I do not feel safe in so placing any of them at present. Variety dorsalis, new variety las the red markings so run together as to form a continuous red or dark (sometimes almost black) dorsal stripe the entire length of the insect. This is a common variety that I have seen from many localities. Variety nevus, new variety has the typical red lining, but the seutel- lum and hind margin of the pronotum are more or less black. This is 758 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xx, a rather common form also; they were specially common in the lot of specimens from Mr, Crevecceur mentioned above. Type.—No. 3444, U.S.N.M. Variety fumida, new variety is more or less dusky throughout, the deepest dusky coloration being «a broad smoky transverse band upon the cross nervures of the elytra. Type.—No. 3345, U.S.N.M. There were a large number of this form in the lot sent me by Mr. Crevecur from Onaga, Kansas, and I also have a few specimens that are not so well marked trom Mr, C. A. Hart. The specimens from Mr. Hart were taken near Champaign, Illinois, and differ from the others in having the red coloration almost eveniy diffused over the ver- tex, pronotum, scutellum, and anterior two-thirds of the elytra. It would be hard to recognize this form as belonging to obliqua were it not for the short clypeus, strongly contracted at the base, and the very oblique direction of the inner cross nervure of the elytron, which are peculiarities of this species. TYPHLOCYBA ILLINOIENSIS, new species. Color whitish, with eyes and three spots on elytra black, and red spots on head, pronotum, and scutel- Se lum; length 3 mm. ieee eta This species is whitish or pale yel- 116 ; low throughout, except the eyes and the red and black spots, which are distributed as follows: In well-marked specimens there is a bright red spot on the vertex, one on the pronotum, 7 one on the tip of the seutellum, a few HiGs: 116 and 117.—ELYTRON, AND WING OF -Very Mmingic Ones Ol bneuUases sini TYPHLOCYBA ILLINOIENSIS. elytra, and one on the mesopleura. In pale specimens all of these may be absent or appearing as pale yellow spots, the one on the seutellum being the most constant. Hach elytron has three distinct black spots, one midway near the costal margin, one at the base of the inner apical cell, and one between the third tran- verse vein and the claval suture, nearer the base of the wing than to the transverse nerves. This last spot is usually the largest and is sur- rounded by a halo of red or yellow. The legs are whitish, with the tibiee and tarsi more or less tinged with pinkish in most specimens. The tergum is also often tinged with reddish. (See Figs. 116, 117.) Type.—No. 3446, U.S.N.M. Described from six specimens from Illinois, eleven from Mississippi, aud one from Michigan, inales and females. The Illinois specimens are from the State Laboratory of Natural History, and bear the numbers 173899 and 17397. I am informed by Mr. Hart that those bearing the former number were taken on grapevines, the others in general sweep- NO. 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. 159 ings. Those from Mississippi were sent me by Professor H. E. Weed, who took them on October 8 and 23. The specimen from Michigan was taken by Professor G. C. Davis August 12. Mr. Heidemann has also sent me a Specimen marked **D. ©.,” and I have specimens from the U.S. National Museum marked “On Vogelleim grape.” TYPHLOCYBA COMES Say. Tettigonia comes SAy, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, p. 343, 1825; reprint, Com- piled Writings, I, p. 259, 1891. Typhlocyba comes Woovwortu, Psyche, V, p. 213, 1889.—VaNn Duzer, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, p. 312, 1894.—MarkuatT, Yearbook, U.S. Dep. Agr., p. 400, 1896. Erythroneura vitifec Frrcu, Trans. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., XVI, p. 392, 1856. Typhlocyba vitifec WoopworthH, Psyche, V, p. 213, 1889.—Van Duzer, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, p. 312, 1894.—Mar.att, Yearbook, U.S. Dep. Agr., p. 400,1896. This is one of the most common, and, in its markings, one of the most variable of all the Typhlocybas, and has been de- scribed no less than eight times under different names. Fitel’s Hrythroneura vitifer seems to have been com- pletely covered by Say’s description of comes, so 1 have not retained the name as representing a variety at all dis- tinct from what Say described. - Say’s description is as follows: Pale yellowish, with sanguineous spots. } Inbabits Missouri. ra 119 Body pale yellowish; head, 1 trans- verse sanguineous line, profoundly arcuated in the middle, and a smaller transyerse spot before; eyes fuscous; thorax with three sanguineous spots, the lateral ones smaller, and the in- oe termediate one areuated; scutel, a a sanguineous spot ¢ ip; he tre Z - a aia = ott ats P £ saelyire Fas. 118, 119 and 120.—VERTEX AND PRONOTUM, ELYT- yellowish white spotted witb san- RON, AND WING OF TYPHLOCYBA COMES. guineous; spots arranged two at base, of which the outer one is small and the inner one elongated and abruptly dilated on the inner side at tip; two upon the middle, of which the cuter one is elongated in a yery oblique line; two behind the middle, of which the inner one is obliquely elongated, and the outer one smaller and interrupted; and a transverse linear oue near the tip, ramose upon the nervures; feet whitish. Length to the tip of the hemelytra one-ninth of an inch. The line and spot on the head and the spots of the thorax are sometimes obsolete, but always visible, and the latter are sometimes connected by curving toward the anterior edge of the thorax. The spots of the hemelytra are also sometimes slightly interrupted, or connected into four oblique bands. (See Figs. 118, 119, 120.) Cutside of Colorado I have received this species from the following localities and persons: Arizona (Toumey), District of Columbia (Per- gande), Illinois (Forbes and Hart), Iowa (Osborn and Ball), Maryland (Pratt, F. C.), Michigan (Davis), Mississippi (Weed, H. E.), Ohio (Com- stock), New York (Comstock), Vancouver Island (Livingston). 760 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. In Colorado I have taken this species near Fort Collins and Can- yon City, at the former place on Virginia creeper and wild grape, at the latter on cultivated plum. The specimens taken from Virginia creeper were few in number and resembled var. ziczace as closely as typical comes; the specimens from plum were exceedingly abundant so as to do considerable injury to the foliage. I have also a single speci- men that | swept from dwarf oaks, Quercus undulata, at Manitou, this State. Mr. Pergande’s specimens were trom oak and grape; those from Professor Forbes bear the numbers 14877 and 17867. Mr. Hart writes that the former lot were taken from rye and the latter among dried leaves. VARIETY BASILARIS Say. Teltigonia basilaris Say, Jour, Acad, Nat. Sci, Phila., LV, p. 344, 1825; reprint, Compiled Writings, II, p. 260, 1869. Erythroneura basilaris WALSH, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 317, 1864.— GLOVER, Rep. U.S. Dep. Agr., p. 33, 1876. Typhlocyba basilaris WoopwortH, Psyche, V, p. 213, 1889.—VaN Duznex, Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., XXT, p: 321), 1894. : Lrythroneura afinis FircH, Homop. N.Y. St. Cab., p. 63, 1851; reprint, Lintner’s 9th Rep , Ins. N. Y., p. 403, 1893. Typhlocyba affinis WoopworTH, Psyche, V, p. 215, 1889.—VAN DuZEE, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe., XXI, p. 321, 1894. I do not consider Fitel’s var. affinis to be worth retaining as a variety of basilaris. The only thing that Fitch gives to separate his affinis from basilaris is the yellow instead of sanguineous markings. Any of the Typhlocybas marked with bright red sometimes occur with faint yellow markings, and in bastlaris I find all gradations from those marked with bright red to those having the markings so faint as to be hardly discernible. The original description of basilaris is as follows: Pale yellowish, varied with sanguineous; elytra reddish brown at base. Inhabits Missouri. Body pale yellowish; head obsoletely varie:l with sanguineous; eyes dusky or black; thorax dusky behind; anterior margin with four or five obsolete sanguineous spots; seutel dusky reddish brown or sanguineous at tip; hemelytra with a broad band of reddish brown at base; a spot on the middle of the inner margin, then an oblique line, and another oblique line toward the tip, sanguineous; at the inner extremity of the latter is a minute black spot. Length to the tip of hemelytra one-ninth of an inch. I have received a number of specimens of this variety from the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History and from the private collection of Mr. Hart, all taken near Champaign, Illinois; a few specimens from lowa Agricultural College, and a large number of specimens from Mr. I’. i’. Crevecceur, taken at Onaga, Kansas, among leaves in the timber in early spring. VARIETY VITIS Harris. Tettigonia vitis HAkRts, Encyelopedia Amer., VIII, p.48, 1831; Ins. Inj. to Veg., Ist ed., p. 184, 1842; 2d ed., p. 198, 1852; 3d ed., p. 22, pl. 11, 1862. NO. 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. 761 Erythroneura vitis Fircu, Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 63, 1851; reprint, Lintner’s 9th Rep., p. 403, 1893.—Watsu, Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 317, 1864; Pract. Ent., II, p.49, 1867.—GLovER, Rep. U.S. Dep. Agr., p. 32, 1876.—SauNnpERs, Insects Inj. to Fruit, p. 286, 1883.—UHLER, Stand. Nat. Hist., IT, p. 246, 1884.— PROVANCHER, Pet. Faune Ent. Can., III, p. 298, 1890.—Comsrock, Manual of Ins., p. 154, 1895. Typhlocyba vitis WALSH & RILEy, Amer. Ent., I, p. 227, 1869.—RiILey, Trans. Il. St. Hort. Soc. for 1875-74.—W oopwortTnhH, Psyche, V, p. 213, 1889.—WeEEp, In- sects and Insecticides, p. 122, 1892.—Van DuzeEx, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, p- 311, 1894. ; The original description of this variety is as follows: One-tenth of an inch in length. Of a pale yellow or straw color; there are two little red lines on the head; the back part of the thorax, the scutel, the base of the wing covers, and a broad band across their middle are scarlet; the tips of the wing covers are blackish and there are some little red lines between the broad band and the tips. The head is crescent shaped above and the eyelets are situated just below the ridge of the front. On grape. (See Fig. 121.) The only specimens that I have seen of this variety from Colorado I took in Clear Creek Canyon, near Golden, on wild grape, July 18, 1896, I have received specimens from Professor Davis taken in Michigan and from Mr. Hart taken in Illmois, and in both instances from grape. Specimens from Mr. Pergande were taken in District of Columbia on Cereis canadensis. Lalso have speci- rig. 121.—Etyrron oF TryPHLOCYBA COMES VAR. mens taken by Mr. E. D. Ball and aN by myself in Lowa, by Mr. MacGillivray in New York and Professor Weed in Mississippi. Typical individuals of this variety are so differeut in their markings from typical comes that one would not be inclined at first to think that they could belong to that species, but, structurally, the two forms are alike and one can go from one extreme to the other through ziczac, which seems to be an intermediate form. Specimens from Mr. Hart’s private collection bear the numbers 345, 476, 535, 550, 562, and 573, Specimens from Professor Davis were taken from wild grape and the specimens from Mr. Livingston were taken on alder. I do not know the host plants from which others took their specimens. VARIETY ZICZAC Walsh. Erythroneura ziczac WALSH, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 317, 1864. Typhlocyba ziczac WoopWortH, Psyche, V, p. 312, 1889.—Van Duzer. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, p. 312, 1894. According to Mr. Walsh this variety has the following characteristics: Pale yellowish. Front of the head in a right angle, with the apex rounded. Eyes dusky; ocelli pale; vertex with two pale sanguineous vitt#e, generally sub- obsolete. Thorax blood brown, yellowish in front, often with a yellowish vitta, scntel blood-brown, with a yellowish vitta, occasionally entirely yellowish. Abdo- men often blood-brown, except at baseand tip. Tip of ovipositor and of tarsi dusky, Elytra pale yellowish; on the costal tip a black spot, and on the interior margin, 762 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, forming atriangle with the two other spots, a black spot; a blood-brown, irregular, broad stripe, covering th®8 humerus, thence in a zigzag direction to the rhomboidal — spot; thence to the spot on the interior margin; thence not quite attaining the terminal dot. Wings hyaline; tips of costal veins often dusky. Length to tip of — wings a little over one-tenth of an inch. Occurs abundantly on the grapevine. (See Fig. 122.) This is a variety of comes in which the red lines and spots of the elytra run together and are usually of a dull blood-brown or smoky color, but among the specimens that I have examined there is every possible variation into typical comes in one direction and into typical vitis in the other. Mr. Baker and myself have both Fic. 122.—ELYTRON oF TYPHLocyBA comes, vAR. taken this variety here in large eae numbers from Virginia creeper and occasionally on grape; Walsh took his specimens on grape, and Mr. Hart, of Illinois, and Professor Davis, of Michigan, have both sent it to me recorded for grape. I also have specimens from Professor H. E. Weed, of Mississippi, and Mr. E. D. Ball, of Ames, lowa, but do not know from what plants their specimens were taken, VARIETY OCTONOTATA Walsh. Erythroneura octonotata WALSH, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 318, 1864. Typhlocyba octondtata WoopwortH, Psyche, V, p. 213, 1889.—VAN DUZER, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X XI, p. 312, 1894. This is another well marked variety of comes, differing from the typ- ical form by having the markings, especially upon the posterior half of the wing covers, rather faint and by having a large spot on the middle of the internal margin of the clavus and a broad median stripe on the scutellum — mY black. The spot on the seutellum is . ue sometimes wanting. aa This form was described by Walsh as follows: Whitish. Headasin the preceding (ziezac). : 5 : 124 Thorax a little clouded with fuscous. Ab- ,, S: 3 : = ‘ ; Fics. 123 and 124.—ELYTRON AND WING OF dominal and ventral joints in mature speci- PAT ETTEGGCLE all ours Eni Licance aie mens dusky, except at tip. Tips of tarsi dusky. Elytra whitish subhyaline, with the same three spots as in the preceding, and, in addition, one on the inner margin not far from the base; on the cross veins an irregular fuscous band and on the disk a small brown cloud, often obsolete, Length a little over one-tenth of an inch. (See Figs. 123, 124.) Walsh found this species in small numbers upon grapevines in com- pany with ziczac, vitis, and tricincta. Mr. C. A. Hart, of Champaign, Illinois, sent me a quantity of Typh- locibine, swept from grapevines, in which were a large number of beautiful specimens of this variety, and I also received a considerable NO. 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. 763 number of pinned specimens from Professor H. EK. Weed, taken in Mis- sissippi. I have, besides these, a single specimen taken at Ithaca, New York, by Mr. MacGillivray, and one taken by Professor G. C. Davis at the Michigan Agricultural College. VARIETY COLORADENSIS Gillette. Typhlocyba vitifer Frrcu, var. colora- densis GILLETTE, Bull. 19, Colo. Agr. | Exp. Sta., p. 16, 1892.—GILLETTE & BakER, Bull. 31, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 113, 1895. Typhlocyba coloradensis COCKERELL, Bull. 19, N. M. Avr. Exp. Sta., p. 114, 1896. Typhlocyba vitis GILLETYE, Bull. 15, 126 Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 18, 1891. Fics. 125 and 126.—ELYrRON AND WING OF Ty- 5 ‘ - PHLOCYBA COMES, VAR. COLORADENSIS. The form which occurs here, how- ever, differs from the typical vitifer by having a large black spot on either side of the scutellum at the base, by having the red line on the middle of the thorax usually not forked in front, and by not having the red on the head in two lines, but ina large blotch more or less spotted with whitish. The illustration (Fig. 127) was made from a specimen that most nearly ap- proaches a typical vitifer in coloration. It seems that the Colorado form is a very distinctly marked variety, and for it I suggest the name Coloradensis. The two spots on the scutellum, which are perfectly constant, will alone sepa. rate it from the eastern form. (See Figs. 125, 126, 127.) Cotype-—No. 3447, U.S.N.M. This is one of the most beautiful of the numerous varieties of comes. I have taken it in several localities in Colorado, and have received it from Professor T. D. A. Cockerell, who took specimens on grape at Las Cruces, Pee ee cor onae | New. Mexico, cron Mr: Vernon L. Kel- DENSIS. (From Bulletin 19, Colo. Exp. Sta. logg, specimens taken on grape in Cali Be) fornia, and from the U. 8S. National Museum, a large number of specimens bearing the following labels: ‘‘Denver, Colo., V. Devinny, July ’86, on grape;” ‘“ Berkeley, Calif., on grape, May ’81;” “Ft. Collins, Colo., on grape, J. Cassiday ;” ‘ Bloom- ington, Nebr., on grape, ’88, J. Graf;” “‘Anthony, N. M., on grape, H. H. Bailey;” ‘‘ Basco Falls (Kans.), G. Marlat.” 764 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. This is a very distinctly marked variety and one that seems to be entirely confined to the West. We should not. go far wrong in giving it specific rank, but it is so exactly like comes, with simply the basal angles of the scutellum blackened, that I have not thought it best to consider it more than a variety of that species. VARIETIES OF TYPHLOCYBA COMES Say. Typical comes (Say).—With zigzag red lines and spots on elytra, but without black markings on the scutellum. Variety coloradensis (Gill).—Like the preceding, with the addition of a large black spot on either basal angle of the scutellum. Variety ziczac (Walsh).—Like comes, except that the zigzag line run- ning from the humerus to the inner margin and thence to the cross- nervures of the elytron is broad and smoky or blood brown in color. Variety vitis (Harris)—Mostly red above, witi two transverse yellow lines on the elytra, surrounding a large central red or brown spot. Variety basilaris (Say).—The reddish or blood-brown coloration nearly all massed on the basal half of the elytra. Variety maculata, new variety.— Vertex, pronotum, scutellum, and elytra, with small bright red spots. Type.—No. 3448, U.S.N.M. Variety scutelleris, new variety.—Like comes, with seutellum black. Type.—No. 3449, U.S.N.M. Variety S-notata (Walsh).—Like comes, with the sanguineous mark- ings faint beyond middle of clavus, and at this point a rather large black spot on a sanguineous field, Middle portion of scutellum also black. Variety rubra, new variety.—Like comes, except that the red mavk- ings are so broadened as to nearly unite with one another, giving the entire insect a very red appearance above. Type.—No. 3450, U.S.N.M. Variety infuscata, new variety.—A broad median black or dark band extending over the vertex, pronotum, and scutellum, including the whole of the scutellum, and thence onto the elytra, where it takes the form of the dark band in ziczac, but is even broader. At the tip of the clavus is a dark spot surrounded by a narrow yellow stripe. Type.—No. 3451, U.S.N.M. All the above varieties are quite sharply defined, and one who has not specially studied the group would be very likely to consider them (different species. TYPHLOCYBA VULNERATA Fitch. Lrythroneura vulnerata Fitcu, Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 62,1851; Trans. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., XVI, p. 393, 1856; reprint, Lintner’s 9th Rep., Ins. N. Y., p. 462, 1893.—WatLsn, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 317, 1864.—PROVANCHER, Pet. Faune Ent. Can., III, p. 299, 1890. Typhlocyba vulnerata WOODWORTH, Psyche, V, p. 218, 1889.—WEED, Insects and Insecticides, p. 84, fig. 6, 1891; p. 134, fig. 6, 1895.—OsBorn, Ia. Acad. Sei., I, Pt. 2, p. 11, 1892.—Van Duzer, Trans. Am: Hint. Soc., XXI, p: 33, 1897— GILLETTE & BAKER, Bull. 31, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 118, 1895. No. 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. 765 Dr. Fitch’s description of this species is as follows: Fulvous brown, spotted and lined with whitish; elytra with an abbreviated yellowish-white vitta on the outer margin, interrupted near the middle by an oblique black line, and toward the apex by an oblique sanguineous one; tips dusky, with whitish nervures and spots; a whitish medial line conmon to the vertex, thorax and scutel ; beneath black, legs pallid. Length0.12(inch). (See Figs. 128, 129). On raspberry bushes, grapevines and other situations where the foliage is dense, often in great numbers. I have received specimens of this species as follows: From Mr. Per- gande, labeled “D.C.,on elm;” from Mr. C. A. Hart, taken at Havana, Ilinois, on grape, and others taken near Champaign in general collect ing; from Professor H. E. Weed, taken at the Mississippi Agricultural College; from Mr, E. D. Ball, taken at Ames, Iowa; from Mr. Otto Heidemann, marked “DD. C.;” from the U. S. National Museum, marked ‘ Denver, Colo., on grape, V. Devinny.” and “Mo.:” from Mr. F. F. Crevecceur, Onaga, Kansas, taken among leaves in the spring; from Professor J. W. Tou- mey, marked ‘Salt River Valley, Ariz., very bad on grapes.” —— I have taken this insect in Colo- ‘ ha ‘ \ ae rado on Clematis ligusticifolia, on Virginia creeper, and on grape. ———— ia Variety niger, new variety.—I ee have a number of specimens of a ; oe very dark, almost black, form of aie this species. They have been re- 129 eeived from the Illinois State Fies.12s and 129.—ELyrron AND WING OF TYPHLO- Laboratory of Natural History, wees Cornell University, Mr. E. D. Ball, Ames, lowa, Mr. Th. Pergande, Dis- trict of Columbia, and Mr. I. F. Crevecceur, Onaga, Kansas, and I have also taken this form at Fort Collins, Colorado. The color above is almost entirely black but the large light colored spot on the middle of the costal margin of the elytron is always present, aid nearly always a yellow spot on the inner basal angle of the elytron, and yellow spots or narrow lines in the places of the ordinary light lines of the thorax and vertex, and a median yellow line on the scutellum. Type.—No. 3452, U.S.N.M. The specimens sent me by Professor Toumey from Salt River Valley, Arizona, are very light colored. TYPHLOCYBA DENTATA, new species. Light straw color marked with orange yellow above; length 3 mm. Face pale yellow, unicolorous, hardly longer than broad, elypeus unusually small. Vertex moderately produced, one-half as long as the pronotum and a little less than one third as long as the head is broad, concolorous with the face and having two illy defined orange, or lemon colored spots which, in one specimen, extend forward over the crest of 2 766 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX. the vertex. Pronotum pale yellow with two rather large and approxi- mate orange-colored spots just before the middie. Seutellum light yellow on the middle but more or less washed with orange on all the angles. Elytra light yellow, subhyaline on the basal portion, trans- parent beyond the cross veins and with two orange vittie, one on the clavus and another longitudinal one on the middle of the corium and reaching to the cross veins; there is also a little orange decoloration on the inner margins of the elytra near the tip of the clavus. Color of venter and feet light yellow. The last ventral segment of the female has a large broad tooth notched at the tip which is different from any other American Typhlocybid that 1 have seen and which sug- gested the specific name. The orange coloration is quite faint in two of the specimens, ret Type.—No. 3453, U.S.N.M. FiGs. 130 and 131.—VERTEX AND PRONOTUM, AND ELYTRON Described from three fe- Mp eee males front the U.S. National Museum, marked “ Folsom, Calif., Aug. 7, 85.” (See Figs. 130, 131.) 130 TYPHLOCYBA QUERCI Fitch. Empoa querci Fircn, Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 63, 1851; reprint, Lintner’s Sth Rep.., Ins. N. Y., p. 403, 1893. Typhlocyba querci Woopworiu, Psyche, V, p. 214, 1889.—Van Duzer, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X XI, p. 313, 1894. This variety is described by Dr. Fitch as follows: White; elytra pellucid, with three blackish dots in a transverse row behind the middle. Length 0.12 (inch). On oaks, sometimes excessively numerous. VARIETY BIFASCIATA Gillette & Faker. Typhlocyba bifasciata GILLETTE & Baker, Bull. 31, Colo. Agr, Exp. Sta., p. 111, 1895. Near tricinecta. Female: Clypeus once and a quarter as long as broad, basal sutare straight; gene long and narrow, with a broad deep groove from eye to clypeus, slightly concave outwardly, broadest at eye, attaining tip of clypeus; lore as long and somewhat narrower than clypeus; front three-fourths longer than broad between eyes, three times as long as clypeus, superior angle more than a right angle and broadly rounded. Face and vertex very finely and obsoletely pune- tured, more distinctly on upper part of front. Disk of vertex flat, sloping, slightly less than one-half longer at middle than at eyes. Pronotum slightly less than twice as broad as long at middle, broadly rounded before, slightly concave behind, posterior angles rather sharply rounded, lateral margins long; disk of pronotum with anterior third >? NO. 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. 167 smooth, posterior two-thirds very indistinctly transversely rugose; scutellum slightly shorter than pronotum, broader than long, transverse eroove straight, black, ends bent backward; last ventral segment with hind margin broadly rounded. Color yellow; face, vertex, and prono- tum, light lemon yellow, concolorous; scutellum dark smoky; elytra light lemon yellow, with a broad smoky transverse band just in front of middle, broader on inner margins, another broad smoky band at apex, lighter on middle portion; venter pale yellow; legs pale whitish yellow. Length 4 mm. Cotype.—No. 3454, U.S.N.M. Described from one female, which I took at Mintarn, Colorado, August 24. (See. 139 eo Figs. tor. 133, 134, 135.) ies. 132 and 133.—FACE AND VERTEX I have received specimens from New AXP PRONOTUM OF TYPHLOcYBA York (Lintner), Illinois (Forbes), Iowa See (Osborn), and from Mr. Th. Pergande labeled, ‘From oak, D. C.;” from Professor G. C. Davis labeled, “M. A. C., 7/5/’92;” from Mr, Samuel Henshaw labeled, ‘Krom balsam, N. C., W. J. P. Coll.,” and trom Mr. E. D. Ball labeled, ‘“Ames, Ta.” A specimen received from Professor Davis is interesting on account of the dark band on the mid- dle of the elytra being extended forward to the 135 scutellum, so that the only Figs. 134 and 135.—ELYTRON AND WING OF TYPHLOcyBA QuERcI, yellow portion of the basal ee ese half of the elytron is a 134 narrow costal margin for a short distance. TYPHLOCYBA CREVECCEURI, new species. Color light yellow, basal two-thirds of elytra red; length 3 mm. Face yellowish, suttused with reddish, sutures indistinct. Vertex rather strongly produced and angular, not broadly rounded in front; vertex and pronotum straw yellow, with two broad longitudinal red lines; these lines upon the vertex are so broadened in some specimens as to completely cover it. Scutellum entirely red, or in some specimens almost black; elytra yellow beyond the tip of the clavus, and with more or less yellow on the base of the costal margin, the remainder of the elytra red. In most specimens, however, the middle portion of this large reddish area on the elytra is more smoky than red in color. The inner transverse nervure is very oblique and the middle apical cell is 768 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. narrow and parallel-sided, as in obliqua, All beneath pinkish yellow, (See Figs. 136, 137.) Type.—No. 3455, U.S.N.M. Described from nineteen specimens sent me by Mr. F. F. Creveeceur, which he took among leaves in timber at Onaga, Kansas, in early spring. The red lines upon the vertex and pronotum, the very oblique direc- tion of the inner transverse nery- ure of the elytron, the parallel- sided and very narrow apical cell of the elytron, and the fact that these specimens were taken along with specimens of obliqua, led me to suspect that this was only anotler variety of that species; but Figs. 136 and 137. ELYTRON AND WING OF TYPHLO- e@reveceuri IS much more robust CYBA CREVEC@URI. than obliqua, and the characteristi¢ markings of the former is so constant that I can not but think it a good species. TYPHLOCYBA FLAVOMARGINATA Gillette & Baker. Typhlocyba fla omarginata GILLETTE & Baier, Bull. 31, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 111, 1895. Female: Clypeus a third longer than broad, basal suture straight, sides nearly parallel; lore and gen as in bifaseiatus ; front three times the length of clypeus, one-third broader than long, superior angle greater than a right angle, broadly rounded. Face, vertex, and pro notum sculptured as in bifasciata. Proportions of vertex, pronotum, and scutellum same as in bifasciata, Last ventral segment with pes- terior angles produced, acute, a broad, deep emargination between them, the base | of which is notched. Color pale yellow ) or whitish; face, vertex, and pronotum 7 whitish, concolorous; scutellum whitish, \ with basal angles darker; elytra whitish 138 139 subhyaline, nervures lighter, costal and Fies.138 and 139.—Face, AND VERTEX internal margins flavescent, deeper on te Poe SE aaa inner margin; venter and legs pale yellow; pygofers, sheaths of ovipositor, prosternum, and tip of rostrum tinged with flavescent. Length 4mm. Described from three females. (See Figs. 138, 139.) Cotypes.—No. 3456, U.S.N.M. The type specimens were taken by myself at Manitou, Colorado, September 29, on oak, and | have since taken the species in consider- able numbers at Cerro Summit, August 21, and Cimarron, August 22, and Manitou October 8, in each case from dwarf oaks. All in Colorado. | NO. 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. 769 ae = — = ~ — TYPHLOCYBA ULMI Linnzus. Cicada ulmi LINN&US, Fauna Suecica, p. 900, 1761.—DrE GEER, Abh. x. Gesch. d. Ins. ete., p. 189, 1780.—Fapricius Ent. Syst., 1803.—F ALLEN, Hemiptera Sueciz, Cicadariz, p. 49, 1829. Anomia ulmi FIEBER, Kat. d. eur. Cicad., p. 15, 1872. Typhlocyba ulmi Puron, Cat. d. Hemip., p. 88, 1886—MELICHAR, Cic. vy. Mittel- europa, p. 348, 1896. Ido not possess the original description of this species, my speci- mens being determined by comparison with European specimens loaned me by Mr. EK. P. Van Duzee, and others obtained in exchange from Doctor L. Melichar, of Vienna. _ The species may be briefly characterized as follows: | Color yellowish; length 3.75 mm.; head rather small, narrower than the pronotum; _ vertex of female with two black dots on the anterior margin; males and females with a small black spot on the middle of the «anterior margin of the pronotum; ter- gum of abdomen black, with the hind margins of the seg- ments yellow; venter yellow, or yellow and black; elytra somewhat infuscate in the region of the cross nervures and at their tips; feet yellow. (See Figs. 140, 141.) 140 I received a good num- ber of males and females of this species from Doe- tor Lintner labeled, “Al- Fias. 140 and 141. Peat AND WING OF TYPHLOCYBA ULMI. bany, N. Y., 1886,” and one specimen labeled ‘“ Mass.”, also a few examples from Mr. Ball labeled ‘“‘ Ames, Ia., June 19.” TYPHLOCYBA COMMISSURALIS Stal. Typhlocyba commissuralis STAL, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XIX, p. 196, 1858.—WoopwortnH, Psyche, V, p. 214, 1809.—Van DUZEE, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, p. 313, 1894. Kybos commissuralis FIEBER, Kat. d. eur. Cicad., p. 14, 1872—PuToN, Cat. des Hémip., p. 87, 1886. Stal’s original description of this species is as follows: Flayo-albida, capite cerca oculos scutelloque pallide brunnescentibus, hujus mar- ginibus lateralibus termissime venaque ipsa marginali interna tegminum ultra medium nigricantibus; tegminibus pallidissime flavescentibus, apice subdecoloribus, costa basi fuscescente, areolis apicalibus 4 triangularibus, lateralibus marginem apicalem ipsam hand attingentibus, Ida basi latiuscula, 3-tia basi angulum scutum formante. g. Long. 44. Lat. 2mm. T. lineatille subsimilis. Tegmina areolis apicalibus 4 instructa, quarum externis apicem hand attingentibus, obtriangularibus, basi latis et ibidem utrimque sub- oblique truncayis, secunda (a commissura) apice omnium latissima, intus sensim Proe. N. M. vol. xx 49 770 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. angustata, basi utrimque oblique truncata, tertia triangulari, basi angulum acutum formante. (See Figs. 142, 143, 144.) Stal’s description was made from a male specimen taken at Sitka, Alaska, and I am not aware that it has ever been reported by anyone since its description. Mr. Clermont Livingston, of Corfield, Vancouver Island, recently sent a large quantity of insects that he took sweeping various plants, and in the lot were a large number of specimens of 7. commissuralis. Accord- ing to Mr. Livingston’s notes the specimens of this species were taken from alder, willow, and weeds. The black commissural line is present in a number of specimens, both male and female, but the greater proportion have no dark marking upon the elytra at all, and resemble T. rose so perfectly that I can separate the species only by the difference in size, rose not exceeding 34 mm., while commissuralis measures from 3? to nearly 5 mm. The only other representatives of this species that I have seen were taken by myself at Cim- arron, Colorado, August 22, from alder, Alnus viri- dis. They were taken along with numerous speci- mens of Hmpo- asca atrolabes and HA. smaragdula. A specimen of Typhlocyba callosa Then, sent me by Doctor Melichar seems identical with commissuralis, as do examples of T. crategi Douglas, that I have examined from Europe. 144 Fias. 142, 143 and 144.—VERTEX AND PRONOTUM, ELYTRON, AND WING OF TYPHLOCYBA COMMISSURALIS. TYPHLOCYBA TENERRIMA Herrich-Schiffer. This is also an European species, the description of which I have not seen. I determined my specimens by comparison with named European specimens sent me by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, and I also sent specimens to Doctor Melichar, who assured me that my determinations were correct. This is a very slender pale-yellow species, a trifle more than 3 mm. in length. There is arow of dusky blotches on the elytron just before 'A description in German may be found in Cicadinen von Mittel-Europa, p. 349, — by L. Melichar. : NO. 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. Teves the cross nervures, and the extremities of the outer cross nervure and of the inner and outer apical nervures are black; the tip of the ovi- positor and the basal portion of the tergum of the abdomen are also black; aside from the dark compound eyes, these are the only mark- ings. (See Fig. 145.) Specimens of this species were sent me by Professor G. ©. Davis. One lot was labeled, “Ag. Coll. Mich., 9/23 /’92, 460,” and another lot, “Ag. Coll. Mich., 9/17/°95, on wild grape.” I found it rather common on — ——= hazelnut (Corylus rostrata) in Fic. 145.—ELYTRON OF TYPHLOCYBA TENERRIMA. Colorado, in Clear Creek Canon, above Golden, July 18, and in the foothills near Palmer Lake, August 12, 1896. TYPHLOCYBA LETHIERRYI Edwards. I have not seen the original description of this species, but deter- mined the specimens that I have by comparison with European speci- mens loaned me by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee. I also sent specimens to Doctor Melichar, who determined them YT. lethierryi, so there can be little doubt as to the correctness of the determinations. The species is described by Doctor Melichar along with the preceding. The species resembles 7. rose very closely, but is sulphurous yellow in color instead of pale yellow or whitish. The color is deepest on the elytra where it stops abruptly at, or a little in front of, the cross- nervures, aud the palest yellow is beneath. The dark eyes and black tip of the ovipositor are the onlymarkings. (See Fig. 146.) The only specimens of this species that I have seen from America were a few samples sent by Professor G. C. Davis, labeled, “Ag. Coll. Mich., 7/5/92,” and a good number sent me by Mr. E. D. Bell, labeled ‘“*Ames, Iowa, June 19, from hard maple.” Fic. 146.—ELYTRON OF TYPHLOCYBA LETHIERRYI. TYPHLOCYBA ROSAE Linnzus. Cicada rose LINN EUS. Typhlocyba rose TOLLIN, Ent. Zeit. v. Stett., p. 67, 1851.—F Lor, Die Rhyn. Livl., p. 878, 407, 1861.—PuToN, Cat. d. Hémip., p. 88, 1886.—WoopworrtH, Psyche, V, p. 76, 1888. Anomia rose FIEBER, Kat. der eur. Cicad., p. 15, 1872. Tettigonia rose (HARRIS) HARRIS, Ins. Inj. to Veg., 2d ed., p. 192, 1852; 3d ed., p. 229, 1862. Typhlocyba rose WoopwortH, Psyche, V, p. 214, 1889.—WEED, Insects and Insecticides, p. 156, fig. 83, 1891; p. 217, fig. 115, 1895.—Van Duzer, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, p. 313, 1894.—GILLETTE & Baker, Bull. 31, Colo. Agr, Exp. Sta., p. 112, 1895.—ME.icuarR, Cie. v. Mittel-europa, p. 345, 1896. Erythroneura rose PROVANCHER, Pet. Faune Ent. Can., III, p. 299, 1890. Empoa rose COMSTOCK, Manual of Ins., p. 154, 1895. T12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. I do not have access to the description of this species by Linnzeus, and so give the following brief characterization by Harris: Onrose. * * * Inits perfect state it is rather less than three-twentieths of an inch long. Its body is yellowish white, its wing covers and wings are white and transparent, and its eyes, claws, and piercer brown. ‘The male has two recurved appendages at the tip of its hind body. It may be called Tettigonia rosw. (See Figs. 147, 148, 149.) Doctor Gustav Flor, in Rhynchoten Livlands (Cicadinu und Psyl- lodea),' says that this species is sometimes golden yellow in color to near the elytra, and that the males are 25 and the females 22 mm. in length. He also says that it is abundant on rose and also upon linden from August to late in October. This is a very widespread and common species. Specimens in my col- lection from Europe, and from ocean to ocean in this country, seem to be identical, the chief variation being in size. Specimens that I have studied vary from 3.25 to 34 mm. in length. The only dark markings that I have seen are those men- tioned by Harris in his description, but I find that the 147 males frequently have the upper portion of the face bright orange in color. Professor G. C. Davis sent me specimens of this species that he took at the Michigan Agricul- tural College on apple, plum, tame cherry, currant, and grape. Mr. Pergande sent me specimens that he took in the District of a Columbia on apple, and I have 149 received specimens from Mr. Fias. 147, 148 and 149.—VERTEX AND EeONOM Ea ELY- Samuel Henshaw, marked “ Mass. TRON, AND WING OF TYPHLOCYBA ROSAE, on rose,” and others from the IIli- nois State Laboratory of Natural History from grape (10819). Speci- mens sent me from the U. S. National Museum ‘vere labeled as follows: “Ft. Collins, Colo., Sep. 4th, on apple, J. Cassidy.” “ Burlington, Vt., on apple.” “ Iowa, Gillette.” I have specimens from Corfield, Van- couver Island, taken on rose by Mr, Clermont Livingstone, where they are evidently abundant. i I have taken the species in this State at Denver and Fort Collins on apple, at Manitou on oak, and at Fort Collins on cottonwood. 148 TYPHLOCYBA CENTRALIS Berg. Typhlocyba centralis BERG, Add. et Emend. ad Hémip. Argent., p. 175, 1884. According to Berg, the species is described as follows: $ Q: et Dilute flavidi, straminei vel lete luridi, vertice pronotoque anterius interdum punctis duobus fuscescentibus obsoletis ornatis; pectore dorsoaue abdom- inis adpartem infuscatis.—Long. corp. 1.5-1.8, cum tegm. 2.5-3; lat. 0.5-J.6 mm. Page 407. NO. 1138. AMERICAN TYPHLOCYBINAE—GILLETTE. 773 Vertex obtusissimus, marginibus antico et postico parallelis. Frons sat convexa. Clypeus longus, basin versus nonnihil ampliatus. Oeelli distineti. Pronotum ver- tice triplo longius, antice admodum productum, postice subrectum, utrimque ante medium fortiter impressum. Scutellum prope basin vel medio impressum, fere bipunctatum. Tegima hyalina, areolis apicalibus quattuor instructa. Venter fla- vidus; maris segmento ultimo quam penultimo equilongo, truncato; feminw paullo breviore, medio triangulariter exciso. Pedes flavidi. Patria: Chaco. This is a species I have not seen and could not place it with certainty in the synoptic table. The full description is given above. REVISION OF THE DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA OF THE ATLANTIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, WITH DE- SCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. PART I.—BIVALVIA. By ADDISON E. VERRILL, | Professor of Zodlogy in Yale University and KATHARINE J. BUSH, Assistant in Peabody Museum of Yale University. THIS article is not intended as a review of all the known species found off our coasts. It is preliminary to a much more extensive report, in which full details of the distribution of all the species col- lected will be given, and for which the detailed tables have been pre- pared, giving every station for each species, with -its position, depth, temperature, character of the bottom, ete. Many of the larger and more prominent species were described and figured by the senior author several years ago in various papers pub- lished in the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy and elsewhere. The smaller and more difficult species were put aside at that time, for more careful study, and are now presented. The families that are most fully treated in this article are the Ledide, Cuspidaride, Diplodontid, and Pectinide. These include a very large number of deep-sea species in every region, and their species are often very difficult to distinguish without long and patient microscopic study and direct comparison of large series of specimens from various localities. The present article is intended to give some of the results of studies of this kind, made during several years, of the large series of speci- mens dredged by the United States Fish Commission off our coasts from 1871 to 1887, together with those previously dredged by the senior author in the same region. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XX—No. 1139. a | =~ or 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. In order to avoid, so far as possible, the uncertainty ‘necessarily connected with mere descriptions of these forms, we have had large camera-lucida figures made, as carefully as possible, not only of the new species, but also of some of those previously described from our coast, for comparison. It is, therefore, to be hoped that future investi- gators may at least be able to understand the characters of the species now recognized by us, whether they agree with our determinations or not. Although the collections studied are unusually extensive, and the number of stations represented is very large, it is noteworthy that a considerable number of species were met with but once, and sometimes only a single specimen was obtained. This indicates that many addi- tional species of such small deep-sea shells would be discovered in the same region if additional dredgings sheuld be made. Our investigations have enabled us to add to the fauna nine genera, four subgenera, and about eighty species and varieties, of which about seventy are described as new species and seven as new varieties; of these, twelve species and one variety belong to the southern fauna. The following list shows the genera in which the new species and varieties are included.!. The new genera are printed in italic: Martesiella, 1. Poromya, var. 1. Bathyarea, 2. Abra, var. 1. Cetoconcha, 2. Bentharea. Macoma, 1 Cetomya, 1. Limopsis, 2 Montacuta, 4, var. 2. Lyonsiella, 2. Solemya, 1. Kelliopsis. Lyonsia, 1. Nucula, 1, var. 1. Cryptodon, 4, var. 1. Clidiophora, 1. Leda, 1. Axinulus, 6. Kennerlia, 1. Ledella, 1, var. 1. Axinopsis, 1, var. 1. Periploma, 1. Adranella, 1. Axinodon, 1. Limatula, 3. Microyoldia. Leptaxinus, 1. Chlamys, 2. Yoldiella, 11, var. 1. Cuspidaria, 8. Hyalopecten, 1. Malletia, 2. Cardiomya, 2. Camptonectes, 1. Neilonella, 1. Halonympha, 1. Cyclopecten, 2. Tindaria, 3. Myonera, 3. No attempt has been made to give the complete synonymy and details of the distribution. Such matters have been reserved for the final report on the collections. Unless otherwise stated, the station numbers are those of the United States Fish Commission and the serial numbers are those of the United States National Museum. The drawings, with few exceptions, were made by Mr. Alpheus H. Verrill, under the immediate supervision of the authors. Peabody Museum of Yale Univer bias New Haven, Connecticut, nay 25, 1897. 1Owing to the Ge qa in the Panifeation® of this Saas some of the new species and genera have been published elsewhere, so that these numbers are not now strictly correct. NO. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. td Family PHOLADID®, MARTESIELLA, new subgenus. This subgeneric name is proposed for the following species, which differs from Martesia in having a well-defined, elongated, median, dorsal plate, posterior to the umbos, in addition to the shield-shaped one over them. MARTESIA (MARTESIELLA) FRAGILIS, new species. (Plate LXXIX, fig. 10.) Shell small, white, thin, fragile, wedge-shaped. The anterior end is very short and broadly rounded, the aperture nearly closed in our largest specimen by a pair of callous plates. The antero-dorsal margin is recurved toward the umbos, but not appressed, and forms a deep, spiral, open cavity. The valves have a very obtuse anterior emargination. A broad and moderately deep sulcus runs from the beak to the ventral margin; in front of this the surface is covered by thin concentric ribs, which curve downward at the sulcus and form a distinct angle in line with the anterior emargination and corresponding with a slight ridge on the surface; these concentric ribs are crossed by fine radiating lines, which produce fine serrations on their edges. Posterior to the suleus the surface is marked only by irregular lines of growth, which, near it, take the form of more distinct grooves or ridges. The posterior end is prolonged, compressed, and bluntly rounded. The umbonal plate is thick, relatively large, and usually heart-shaped, with the posterior end broader and distinctly emarginate in the middle; the anterior end tapers somewhat and is blunt and angulated, or sometimes subacute. The posterior dorsal plate is long, narrow, and somewhat spatulate or clavate, and stands well in relief above the dorsal margin, with the edges free and the narrow anterior end running under the posterior end of the umbonal plate. Length of one of the largest specimens, 7 mm.; height, 4.5 mm.; thickness, 4 mm. Young specimens 5 or 4 mm. in length are relatively shorter and thicker than the larger ones, but even these have the anterior callous pretty well developed; the umbonal plate is usually shield-shaped, the lateral borders emarginate, in contact with the most prominent part of the umbos; the posterior border is distinctly emarginate, and the anterior end has a central point or mucro, sometimes defined by slightly concave posterior edges. Many live specimens were found in a piece of wood floating near station 2566, N. lat. 37° 23’, W. long. 68° 8’, 1855. 7738 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX, Family SEMELID ZS. ABRA LONGICALLIS (Scacchi), variety AMERICANA, new. (Plate LX XXIII, figs. 6, 7.) Abra longicallis VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, pp. 224, 278, 1884. Our specimens differ from the European form described and figured by G. O. Sars! in having the posterior lateral tooth less remote and the eartilage-pit or chondrophore longer, the antero-dorsal margin more convex, and the whole shell relatively broader. A very few specimens were obtained at six stations between N. lat. 39° 49’, W. long. 68° 28’ 30’, and N. lat. 36° 16’ 30’, W. long. 68° 21’, in 924 to 2, 620 fathoms, 1883-1886. Family TELLINIDA. MACOMA INFLATA Dawson. (Plates LXXVII, fig. 1; LXXXVIII, fig. 6.) Macoma inflata (STIMPSON MSS.) Dawson, Canadian Naturalist, VI, p. 377, 1872.—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad.,.V, p. 568, 1882. A number of live specimens and separate valves were obtained at six stations between N. lat. 47° 40’, W. long. 47° 35/ 30’, and N, lat. 40° 3’, W. long. 70° 31’, in 57 to 206 fathoms, 1877-1886. Murray Bay.— Dawson. Gulf of St. Lawrence.—Coll. Whiteaves. Family PETRICOLIDA. CHORISTODON ? CANCELLATUS Verrill. (Plate XCVI, figs. 2, 3.) Choristodon ? cancellatus VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, p. 435, 1885.—DALL, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 58, 1889. One valve, station 2265, off Chesapeake Bay, in 70 fathoms, 1884. Family KELLIELLIDA. KELLIELLA NITIDA Verrill. (Plates XCI, fig. 8; XCIIT, fig. 10.) Kelliella sp, VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, p. 279, 1884; Expl. Albatross, Report U. S. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 576, 1885. Kelliella nitida VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, p. 488, 1885. Comparatively few specimens, at seven stations between N. lat. 39° 5’ 30”, W. long. 70° 44’ 30’, and N. lat. 38° 20’, W. long. 70° 8’ 30”, in 1,525 to 2,033 fathoms, 1583-1886. Mollnneanee: Rec vz Norvegi, p. 74, pl. 6, figs. 3 a-c; pl. 20, ae 4, 1878. No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 779 — Family LEPTONID or ERYCINID®. KELLIA SUBORBICULARIS (Montagu). (Plate XCIV, figs. 3, 4.) Kellia suborbicularis H. and A. ADAMS, Genera Recent Moll., II, p. 475; III, pl. CXIV, figs. 8 a—c, 1858.— JEFFREYS, British Conchology, II, p. 225, pl. v, fig. 3, 1863; V, p. 179, pl. Xxx, fig. 2, 1869.—GouLD, Rep. on Invert. of Mass., Binney’s ed., p. 83, fig. 394, 1870.—Tryon, Amer. Mar. Conch., p. 171, pl. 32, figs. 433, 435, 1873.—G. O. Sars, Mollusca Reg. Arcticee Norvegie, p. 67, pl. 19, figs. 14 a-b, 1878.—JEFFREYS, Proc. Zoél]. Soc., London, p. 700, June, 1881.—SmirH, E. A., Report Voy. Challenger, Zo6]. Lamellibranchiata, XIII, p- 201, 1885.—Datt, Bulli. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 200, pl. Lx vin, fig. 5, 1889. One fresh specimen, Massachusetts Bay, off Salem, 1877. This species appears to be very rare on the American coast. In its hinge- characters it seems to agree closely with Bornia Philippi, 1836. MONTACUTA BIDENTATA (Montagu). (Plates XCIII, figs. 7, 8; XCIV, fig. 6.) Mya bidentata MONTAGU, Test. Brit., p. 44, pl. XxVI, fig. 5, 1803. Montacuta bidentata ForBES and HANLEY, Hist. Brit. Moll., II, p. 75, pl. xvi, figs. 6, 6a. Tellimya bidentata H.and A. ADAMS, Genera Recent Moll., I, p.478; III, pl. cxv, figs. 2, 2a, 1858. Montacuta bidentata JEFFREYS, British Conchology, II, p. 208, pl. v, fig. 1, 1863; V, p. 177, pl. Xxxzq, fig. 8, 1869.—G. O. Sars, Mollusca Reg. Arcticxe Norvegice, p. 69, pl. 19, figs. 17a-b, 1878.—JEFFREYS, Proc. Zoél. Soc., London, p. 698, June, 1881.—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 571, 1882.—Busu, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, p. 479, 1885; Expl. Albatross, Report U.S. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p.590,1885 Not Montacuta bidentata Gould. Comparatively few specimens have been found in Long Island Sound and at Thimble Island (A. E. Verrill); Provincetown, Massachusetts (S.I. Smith and O. Harger); Vineyard Sound, 1875; Cape Cod Bay, 1879; off Block Island. 1880; Woods Hole, Massachusetts (Gut of Canso, and Naushon Gutters), 1882-83. From low-water to 154 fathoms. Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in 14 to 48 fathoms, 1883 and 1884. MONTACUTA BIDENTATA (Montagu), variety TENUIS, new. (Plate XCII, fig. 7.) Shell similar to the typical MW. bidentata in form and size, but rela- tively more elongated and more nearly elliptical, with the umbos and beaks somewhat less prominent. The surface is covered with fine and pretty regular lines of growth. The teeth in the right valve are strong, nearly equal in length and in the amount of divergence from the dorsal margin. They diverge more strongly and are thicker and more promi- nent, especially at the inner end, than is usual in the true bidentata. Length of a medium size specimen 4.7 mm.; height, 2.6 mm. 780 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. A few separate valves, off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in 16 to 17 fathoms, 1884. MONTACUTA BIDENTATA (Montagu), variety FRAGILIS, new. (Plate XCII, fig. 8.) Shell subelliptical, inequilateral, both ends broadly rounded, thin, fragile, covered with delicate lines of growth. The umbos are flat- tened; beaks but slightly prominent. The teeth in the right valve are smaller and more delicate than in the typical bidentata, and diverge but slightly from the dorsal margin, as in that species. Length, 4 mm.; height, 3 mm. One specimen (No. 46154), station 816-17, in Narragansett Bay, in 84 to 10 fathoms, 1880. MONTACUTA STRIATULA, new species. (Plate XCIII, fig. 9.) Shell rather large, thin and somewhat hyaline, compressed, broad- elliptical with both ends well rounded, the anterior much tbe longer. Antero-dorsal margin nearly straight with a gradual slope; anterior end broadly and regularly rounded, its outline forming nearly the seg- ment ofa circle; ventral margin broadly and evenly convex; posterior end bluntly rounded with its dorsal inargin slightly coneave and slop. ing rapidly. Umbos not swollen; beaks acute and only a little promi- nent. Surface covered with fine, regular, concentric, microscopic strive and more distant lines of growth. Interior somewhat shining with inconspicuous muscular scars. Hinge-margin thin, delicate, only slightly thickened. In the right valve there is, on each side of the beaks, a short, rather delicate, elevated, triangular tooth, terminating distally with an abrupt slope; these are nearly equal in size and length, the anterior one being slightly the shorter and more angular. They are separated by a V-shaped notch, the sides of which form nearly a right angle. In the left valve there are two thin, slightly prominent eleva- tions, scarcely worthy the name of teeth, separated by a very wide angle under the beak. Length of one of the largest specimens, 7 mm.; height, 6 mm. This species is much larger than any of our other species of this genus, and may possibly prove to be identical with J/. bowmani, described and figured by Holmes.' Owing, however, to the shortness of the description and small size of the figures, this question cannot be definitely decided without a careful comparison with authentic specimens. A few separate valves were found off Cape Hatteras, North Caro- lina, in 15 to 48 fathoms, 1883-84, 'Post-pleiocene fossils of South Carolina, p. 30, pl. wi, fig. 2, 1860. NO. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. I CA pot MONTACUTA OVATA Jeffreys. (Plate XCII, figs. 9, 10.) Tellimya ferruginosa VERRILL, Notice of Recent Add. to Mar. Invert., Pt. 3, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, p. 400, 1880. Montacuta ovata JEFFREYS, Proc. Zobdl. Soc., London, p. 698, pl. Lx1, fig. 4, June, 1881.—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 571, 1882; VI, p. 279, 1884. A very few specimens, at four stations, off Newport, Rhode Island, and off Marthas Vineyard, in 100 to 157 fathoms, 1880-81. MONTACUTA TUMIDULA Jeffreys. (Plates XCIII, fig. 6; XCIV, figs. 1, 2. Montacuta tumidula JEFFREYS, British Conchology, V, p.177, pl. c, fig. 5, 1869.— G. O. Sars, Mollusca Reg. Arctice Norvegiz, p. 69, pl. 19, figs. 18 a—b, 1878.— VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, pp. 225, 279, 1884; Expl. Albatross, Report U. S. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 575, 1885. ' One live specimen and three valves, at three stations between N. lat. 40° 7’, W. long. 67° 54’, and N. lat. 35° 49’ 30’, W. long. 74° 34/ 45”, in 843 to 1,091 fathoms, 1883-1836. MONTACUTA CASTA, new species. (Plate XCIV, fig. 5.) Shell small, compressed, oblong-ovate, with the anterior end consid- erably the longer and both ends about equally rounded. Beaks small, searcely rising above the margin. Surface covered with fine, regular, microscopic, concentric strie and distant, raised lines of growth. The antero-dorsal margin is at first a little incurved, then slightly convex, with a gradual slope; the anterior end is obtusely rounded; the ventral margin is broadly and evenly rounded; the posterior end is slightly produced and a little angulated below, in some specimens with the dorsal margin sloping more rapidly than the anterior and slightly incurved near the beaks. The hinge-margin is thin and delicate. In the right valve there are two moderately thick, rather prominent teeth; the one behind the beak is shorter than the other, with a more abrupt posterior slope; they are separated from the slightly thickened margin by a deep groove and from each other by a large notch or angle, the sides of which form an angle of about 90°. On the thickened margin there is a thin, rough, shallow ligamentary furrow both in front of and behind the beaks. In the left valve there is an elongated, thin, and not very prominent, tooth-like elevation on each side of the beak; they are nearly equal in size and separated by a very broad angle. Length of the largest specimen, about 2.4mm.; height, about 1.8 mm. A few separate valves, off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in 14 to 17 fathoms, 1884. ~l CO bo PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. MONTACUTA CUNEATA, new species. (Plates XCI, fig. 4; XCIII, fig. 5.) Shell small, elongated, wedge-shaped, with a much produced, narrow anterior end, and with the dorsal margins nearly straight, sloping rap- idly, and forming an obtuse angle at the beaks, which are decidedly behind the middle, prominent, curved inward. Antero-dorsal margin sloping rapidly, at first nearly straight, becoming a little convex, and curving regularly into the ventral margin, thus forming a somewhat rostrated, narrow, evenly rounded anterior end; ventral margin nearly straight, sometimes with a slight incurvature opposite the beaks; poste- rior end bluntly rounded, with its dorsal margin nearly straight, sloping about equally with the anterior. The surface is covered with fine, con- centric, rather regular lines of growth and microscopic striations. Inte- rior somewhat shining. In the right valve there are two well-defined, prominent, thickened teeth, separated by a large, deep notch under the beak; the anterior one is the larger and is broadly triangular, with a prominent excurved tip, and is separated from the hinge-margin by a deep furrow, which runs obliquely within and below the thickened dorsal margin; the posterior one is set obliquely to the margin, from which it is separated by a well-defined groove. In the left valve there is a wide notch beneath the beak, with a rather inconspicuous, elongated, some- what thickened anterior tooth-like projection, which continues forward as a thickened inner margin nearly to the end, and a shorter, broad, triangular posterior projection. Color cream-white, sometimes tinged with pink. Length of the largest specimen, about 3 mm.; height, 1.5 mm. A few specimens were found off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in 15 and 16 fathoms, 1883-84. MONTACUTA TRIQUETRA, new species. (Plate XCI, fig. 3.) Shell sinall, covered with regular concentric grooves, scarcely com- pressed, Somewhat triangular, witha slightly rostrated, angular posterior end, and a regularly rounded anterior one. Umbos a little swollen, beaks nearly central, pointed and a little prominent. The anterior and posterior dorsal margins form nearly aright angle; the anterior margin is slightly convex and passes gradually into the somewhat bluntly rounded anterior end; ventral margin broadly convex, becoming Slightly ineurved toward the posterior rostration, which is wedge- shaped, rapidly tapered, with a narrow truncate tip, defined below by a faint, radiating ridge; postero-dorsal margin is nearly straight, and slopes rapidly from the beaks. The surface is sculptured with strongly marked, smooth, rounded, concentric ridges having the upper edge smooth and recurved; these are separated by deep, regular grooves NO. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 783 which appear in some places to extend beneath the upper edge of the ridges; on the umbos and posterior rostrum these ridges and grooves become feeble and irregular, like lines of growth. Internally the sur- fave is white and smooth, with the muscular scars rather strongly marked. The hinge-margin is rather thick; in the right valve there are two strong, prominent, curved, cardinal teeth, separated by a large, some- what oblique notch which extends upward into the beak; the posterior tooth is the narrower and more prominent, with the tip curved forward and upward; the anterior tooth is connected, just in front of the beak, by a bridge-like extension to the external margin, leaving between the tooth and the margin a deep submarginal groove; the inner edge of the hinge-margin is a little thickened to form a ridge continuous with the anterior tooth. In the left valve there is a distinct notch under the beak for the cartilage or resilium; in front of this is a prominent, tooth-like thickening of the margin of the shell, the proximal end of which becomes tooth-like, but is continuous with the rest of the hinge- margin; behind the notch there is no tooth and the margin is only a little thickened, without any special prominence. Length, about 2 mm.; height, 1.4 mm. Two valves, station 2307, off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in 48 fathoms, 1884. TELLIMYA FERRUGINOSA (Montagu). (Plate XC, figs. 7, 8.) Tellimya ferruginosa H. and A. ApAMs, Genera Recent Moll., II, p. 479, 1858. Montacuta ferruginosa JEFFREYS, British Conchology, II, p. 210, 1863; V, p. 178, pl. XXX1, fig. 9, 1869. Tellimya ferruginosa G. O. SARS, Mollusca Reg. Arctice Norvegix, p. 70, pl. 20, figs. 1, a-c, 1878.—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, 225, pl. xxx, fig. 13, 1884. Montacuta ferruginosa FISCHER, Manuel de Conchyliologie, p. 1027, tig. 775, 1887. Tellimya ferruginosa Dati, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 50, pl. xiv, fig. 13, 1889. A few specimens were found at low-water at Woods Hole, Massa- chusetts (Gut of Canso), and Gutters of Naushon Island, 1882-83. The figure of the living animal published by Verrill in 1884 has been copied by Dall, Fischer, and others. We now give additional ones. KELLIOPSIS, new genus. Type.—Montacuta elevata Stimpson. The shell, in size and form, resembles Kellia and Montacuta. In both vaives there is a small, prominent, anterior tooth and a low, elongated, thickened posterior ridge, scarcely amounting to a tooth. The resilium is large and is attached to an elongated, oblique excava- tion on the proximal edge of the posterior tooth-like ridge, and also to a triangular pit beneath the beak; it bears a large, elongated, curved ossicle. Soft parts not observed. 784 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. This genus appears to be closely allied to Montacuta, but differs in not having a definite, raised, posterior tooth; in having a large, elon- gated posterior cartilage, bearing a large ossicle attached to a special groove along a tooth-like ridge; and in having the structure of the hinge in both valves nearly the same. In the position of the resilium it resembles Hrycina, but the latter has two large teeth in both valves. KELLIOPSIS ELEVATA (Stimpson). (Plates XCIII, figs. 2-4; XCIV, figs. 7, 8.) Montacuta bidentata GouLD, Rep. on Invert. of Mass., Ist ed., p. 59, 1841. (Not of Montagu. ) Montacuta elecata STIMPSON, Shells of New Eng., p. 16, 1851. Cyamium elevatum H,. and A, ADAMS, Genera Recent Moll., I, p. 477, 1858. Montacuta elerata GOULD, Rep. on Invert. of Mass., Binney’s ed., p. 86, fig. 396, 1870.—Tryon, Amer. Mar. Conch., p. 172, pl. xx x11, fig. 440, 1873.--V ERRILL, Report Invert. Anim. of Vineyard Sd., in Ist Rep. U.S, Fish Com., pp. 394, 688, 1874 (auth. cop., p. 418). Tellimya elevata DALL, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 50, pl. LXvIul, fig. 6 (as Montacuta elevata Stimpson), 1889. This rare species has been obtained at low-water mark, at Savin Rock, near New Haven, Connecticut (J. E. Todd), 1871; Wellfleet, Massachusetts (Webster), 1879; Woods Hole, Massachusetts (Gut of Canso), 1882; Naushon Island (Gutters and Sheep Pen Cove), 1882; and Narragansett Bay, in 84 to 10 fathoms, 1880. Family DIPLODONTID 4. Ungulinida FiscHER; Diplodontidw + Cryptodontide Dall. CRY PTODON, Turton, (S22: Type.—Cryptodon flecuosus (Montagu). The typical specics of this genus have no distinct teeth in either valve, but the inner margin of the hinge-plate is more or less thickened or swollen in front of and behind the beaks. The ligament is posterior and lies in a long, curved furrow in the midst of the marginal thickening; where it commences at the beak it is marginal and external, but as it runs backward it recedes from the edge and becomes more or less internal and invisible from the exterior. Moreover, the posterior end of the shell has one or more distinct radial corrugations or plications to give the thin shell strength enough to resist the action of the large posterior adductor muscle which is attached directly upon the princi- pal plication. The pedal muscle is attached to the upper plication when the latter is present. Many writers have adopted the name of © Axinus Sowerby, 1823, for this genus; the latter name was given to a tertiary species, the structure of which is not fully determined. It may belong to a very distinct genus. Moreover, Turton’s name seems to have actual priority of publication. No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. [85 CRYPTODON GRANDIS Verrill. Datt, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 50, pl. xvi, fig Schizotherus grandis (pars) LocARD, Campagne du “ Caudan,” Annales de ?Uni- versité de Lyon, p. 180, 1896. go, 22, 1889. = This large and interesting species, described in detail and well fig- ured in the first article quoted above, is a true Cryptodon, although very distinct from any of our other species. Therefore it seems strange that M. Locard has referred it to the very different genus, Schizothwrus of Conrad, which belongs to the Mactride. He identifies without ques- tion a single valve, dredged by the Caudan off the coast of France, in 1,710 meters, as our species. It is, therefore, doubtful whether his speci- men is congeneric with ours, for the latter certainly has no affinity with Schizotherus. One live specimen and a few separate valves were dredged at three stations between N. lat. 38° 29’, W. long. 73° 9’, and N. lat. 35° 9’ 50”, W. long. 74° 57/ 40”, in 938 to 1,582 fathoms, 1883-84, CRYPTODON INSIGNIS, new species. (Plate XCI, figs. 1, 2. Cryptodon sarsiti VERRILL, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, p. 399, 1880; Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 570, 1882. Shell unusually large and thick for the genus, opaque white or tinged faintly with reddish internally. Outline somewhat variable, usually broad-ovate or subquadrate, usually moderately swollen, some- times rather compressed. Umbos moderately large, not very promi- nent; beaks small and turned forward. Lunule cordate, rather large, pretty well defined. The radial folds and lobes are less marked than is usual in this genus. A well-marked fold or shallow undulation extends from the beak to the posterior margin, opposite the scar of the adductor muscle; anterior to this there is a broad, slightly raised ridge, extending from the umbo to the siphonal lobe of the margin; in front of this there is usually a broad faint depression of the surface which is scarcely apparent in many specimens; a posterior groove runs close to and nearly parallel with the postero-dorsal margin. The antero-dorsal margin, in the lunular region, is straight or slightly incurved; the anterior end is short, a little prominent below the lunule, and obtusely rounded; the ventral margin, is very broadly rounded, usually with a slightly more prominent lobe at or just behind the middle, with a more decided but obtuse projection (siphonal lobe) farther back where it joins the posterior margin, which is usually somewhat ineurved, correspond- ing to the external wave-like depression, becoming convex opposite tke posterior external fold; the postero-dorsal margin slopes rapidly from the beak and is sometimes broadly rounded, and at others slightly con- vex. The surface is covered with conspicuous, more or less irregular, Proc. N. M. vol. xx——50 786 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. rounded, obtuse, often prominent lines of growth with a thin yellowish brown epidermis which, under the lens, is closely covered with minute granules often arranged in more or less distinct concentric lines. The posterior hinge-margin is somewhat thickened, the ligamental groove is long and curved, diverging considerably from the margin of the shell at its posterior end and extending forward under the beak. Mus- cular sears and pallial line in the largest specimens strongly marked; the anterior scar is considerably elongated and has a number of lobes or scallops on its inner margin. Length of a medium-sized specimen, 27 mm.; height from siphonal lobe to beak, 27 mm.; breadth, 14 mm. Length of a larger, more ovate specimen, 32 mm.; height from siphonal lobe to beak, 35 mm.; breadth, 21 mm. This species presents considerable variation in outline and in the degree of convexity of the valves; some are subquadrate in form, others subcordate, and others pretty well rounded, but the majority are oblong-obvate with a posterior truncation, corresponding to the broad radial groove; some of the valves are considerably inflated, but most of them are more compressed than is usual in this genus. There is also considerable variation in the prominence of the siphonal lobe and broad radial ridge, and in the size of the lines of growth, which in some specimens are quite fine and regular, and in others unevenly developed, those on the anterior part appearing almost like concentric ribs. Many separate valves, at four stations between N. lat. 44° 54’, W. long. 59° 46’ 45”, and N. lat. 42° 19’, W. long. 69° 474’, in 65 to 471 fathoms, 1879 and 1885. The single valve found off Cape Cod, 1879, and identified as Cryp- todon sarsii, proves to be the young of this species. CRYPTODON PLICATUS Verrill. (Plate LXXXIX, fig. 6.) Cryptodon plicatus VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, pp. 487, 450, 1885. One young live specimen and one imperfect valve of this character- istic and fragile species were found at two stations, off Marthas Vine- yard, in 1,073 to 1,122 fathoms, 1884. CRYPTODON CROULINENSIS (Jeffreys) Smith. (Plate XC, figs. 3, 4.) Clausina croulinensis JEFFREYS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XX, p.19, 1847. Axinus croulinensis JEFFREYS, Brit. Con., I, p. 250, 1864.—G. O. Sars, Mollusca Reg. Arcticxe Norvegix, p. 62, pl. 19, figs. 8, a-b, 1878. —JEFFREYS, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 703, June, 1881. Cryptodon croulinensis SMITH, E. A., Report Voy. Challenger Zool. Lamelli- branchiata, XIII, p. 193, 1885. Shell small, obliquely subovate, with the beaks prominent, and the anterior end considerably the longer. The antero-dorsal margin is No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. Fecwe nearly straight, sloping rapidly from the beak; the anterior end is dis- tinctly produced, evenly rounded; the ventral margin is slightly but regularly convex to the lower posterior fold; the posterior end is marked by two distinct plications separated by a rather prominent ridge which, at the margin, appears as a rounded projection separating two reentrant curves; the postero-dorsal margin is convex, sloping rapidly to the upper plication. The ligamental area is relatively large, long, elliptical, defined by a distinct groove. Internally the hinge- margin is considerably thickened, especially directly under the beak, where there is a slight swelling; the posterior ligament oceupies a very distinct groove, and extends forward under the tip of the beak. Length, 3.5 mm.; height, 3.75 mm. The shell here referred to this species appears to agree well with the figures and descriptions given by G. O. Sars. It pretty closely resem- bles some varieties of C. gouldii. The principal differences exter- nally are in the somewhat more produced anterior end and the longer and straighter antero-dorsal margin; the posterior plications are also less strongly developed. Found in small numbers at about thirty stations north of Cape Cod, between N. lat. 43° 444’, W. long. 69° 22’, and N. lat. 42° 30’, W. long. 70° 38’, in 13 to 73 fathoms, 1873-1879. CRYPTODON CROULINENSIS (Jeffreys) Smith, variety ALTUS, new. (Plate LXXXVIII, figs. 1, 2.) Shell higher than long, larger than the common form. Umbos promi- nent, elevated and turned forward, so as to leave a rather large, con- spicuous, flattened, lunular area, which is bordered externally by a slight ridge, followed by a concave depression in the surface, which forms a slight indentation in the anterior margin, and resembles the posterior plication, but is more shallow. The antero-dorsal margin in the lunular region is slightly concave, but slopes very rapidly; the anterior end is a little more produced than the posterior, but both are decidedly short; the ventral margin is pretty evenly rounded; poste- riorly there are two distinct plications; the lower or larger one is mod- erately sunken and extends from the beak to the posterior margin, the upper one is much shorter and narrower and defines the narrow, lanceolate, ligamental area; each produces a decided indentation in the margin, that caused by the lower one being more sharply defined and shorter than the other, these are separated by a well-defined, curved, radiating ridge which extends a little below the margin; the postero-dorsal margin is strongly convex, evenly rounded, with a rapid slope; the hinge-margin is considerably thickened, especially beneath the beak, and in the right valve forms a distinctly raised tubercle. Length, 5mm.; height, 6mm. Eastport, Maine, 1870. Another specimen, from station 292, is slightly smaller. Length, 788 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 4.5 mm.; height, 5.25mm. In this the anterior or upper plication is much less distinct than in the type, and it is therefore possible that this feature is abnormal. CRYPTODON EQUALIS, new species. (Plate XCI, figs. 5, 6.) Shell of moderate size, grayish white, rather swollen, pyriform, usu- ally a little higher than long, but sometimes the height and length are about equal. Umbos rather prominent; beaks median, conspicuously raised above the margin and curved strongly forward so as to produce a rather deep, broad, cordate, but ill-defined lunular area. Anterior and posterior ends nearly equal. The dorsal margin slopes rapidly on both sides of the beak; anteriorly, in the lunular region, it is nearly straight; the anterior end is pretty evenly rounded, forming a continu- ous curve with the ventral margin, which forms nearly a semicircular curve; the posterior end has one broad, shallow undulation which causes a slight incurvature in the postero-ventral margin; above this the dorsal margin is very slightly convex and forms an angle at the commencement of the fold. The ligamental area is marked by a smooth, long, lanceolate, slightly sunken portion, clearly separated by an incised line. The general surface is covered with slightly marked, more or less irregular lines of growth. The hinge-margin is moderately thickened and is essentially the same in both valves. There is a well marked swelling both before and behind the beak and a more con- spicuous one immediately under it; a less conspicuous thickening, with its external edge excurved, extends along the postero-dorsal margin, in the ligamental region. Muscular and pallial scars indistinct. Length, 5mm.; height, 54 mm.; thickness, 4mm. Some specimens are somewhat larger than this. In the large series which we have of this species there is some variation. In some cases the form is less swollen, the length is slightly in excess of the height, so that the general outline is more evenly rounded, The species is, however, notable for the equality of the anterior and posterior ends and the presence of the single slight undulation. Cryptodon gouldii somewhat resembles this species, but differs in being longer in proportion to its height, in its more com- pressed form, and in having two distinct folds or undulations. It is also closely allied to C. fleruosus of Europe, but is more pyriform in shape and lacks the anterior angulation noticeable in that species. Taken at thirty-two stations, between N. lat. 47° 40’, W. long. 47° 35/ 30”, and N. lat. 37° 08’, W. long. 74° 33’, in 94 to 1,537 fathoms, 1873- 1886. CRYPTODON PLANUS, new species. (Plate LXXXVIII, figs. 3, 4.) Shell small, well-rounded, the length and height about equal, with the beak small, prominent, nearly central, curved strongly forward, No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 789 forming a small, sunken, heart-shaped, lunular area. Posteriorly there is only a faint, depressed undulation, which causes but a slight indentation or angulation in the margin; behind this the surface rises slightly and forms an inconspicuous ridge surrounding the ligamental area, which is long, rather narrow, and sunken, so that its margin is searcely visible in a side view. The dorsal margin is a little convex and slopes but little, and about equally on both sides of the beak; the anterior end is well-rounded and slightly produced; the ventral margin is broadly rounded, a little produced in the middle, and nearly straight or very slightly incurved posteriorly, opposite the undulation; behind this there is a slight obtuse angulation corresponding to the ridge below the ligamental area. Surface dull grayish white. The hinge-margin is considerabiy thickened, especially below the beaks and lunular area, and a thickened ridge also extends backward beyond the ligamental area. There is no distinct tubercle nor tooth-like projection. The posterior ligament is unusually strong, and occupies a rather conspicu- ous submarginal groove which runs forward under the beak as a thin incised line. Length, 4 mm.; height, the same. Found in 8 to 100 fathoms, north of Cape Cod, in the Gulf of Maine, Casco Bay, Bay of Fundy, and Halifax Harbor, 1872-1885, CRYPTODON OBSOLETUS, new species. (Plate LXXXIX, figs. 1, 2.) Shell small, higher than long, with the ends and ventral margin rounded. Umbos somewhat prominent and swollen; beaks curved strongly forward.- Posterior plication obsolete, or nearly so, only visible in certain positions, and imperfectly defined by a faint undula- tion of the surface and margin. The antero-dorsal margin is slightly convex in the lunular area, and slopes rapidly to the broadly rounded anterior margin with which it forms a very slight and very obtuse angle; the whole ventral margin is well-rounded, a little produced in the middle; the postero-dorsal margin is broadly convex and ends distally in a very obtuse, rounded angle, above which there is a slight inbending of the edge. The hinge-plate is rather thick, especially pos- teriorly. The ligament is rather strong and considerably curved and occupies a narrow, but very distinct groove, mostly within the margin posteriorly, and extends forward under and in front of the beaks. The anterior hinge-margin is thickened and a little flexuous toward the anterior angle of the shell; the proximal end, just under the beak, is slightly thickened without forming any apparent tooth. Under the microscope, the surface is covered with rather coarse, irregular, con- centric undulations, and fine, raised lines of growth, becoming smoother at each end, where there are patches of a closely adherent coating of red mud and iron oxide. Length, 2.4 mm.; height, 2.6 mm. 790 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Four specimens, at three stations, off Marthas Vineyard, in 100 to 390 fathoms, 1880-18385. AXINULUS, new subgenus or genus Type.—Axinulus brevis, new species. We propose this division to include those species which agree with Cryptodon in the character of the hinge and ligament, but lack the plications of the shell, and have, therefore, a smaller posterior adductor muscle. CRYPTODON (AXINULUS) BREVIS, new species (Plate LXXXIX, figs. 7, 8.) Shell small, short, the height exceeding the length, somewhat pyri- form, with slightly prominent umbos and small subcentral beaks, which are but little prominent and turn forward. The antero- and postero- dorsal margins are about equal in length, the latter slightly more broadly rounded than the former, which is a little incurved near the beak so as to form a very slight lunular area; both ends are broadly rounded and nearly equal; the ventral margin is slightly convex and a little produced just in front of the middle; an exceedingly faint, scarcely discernible undulation runs from the beak to the posterior ventral margin. The surface is covered with very fine, close, parallel lines of growth visible only when much magnified. Grains of fine fer- ruginous sand or mud usually adhere closely to the surface, both ante- riorly and posteriorly. The posterior ligament is well-developed and occupies a well-marked marginal groove; a small, thickened, more internal portion, situated just behind the beak, within the margin, appears to be continuous with the external ligament. The inner edge of the dorsal margin is slightly thickened, for a short distance, just in front of the beak. Length, 24 mm.; height, 2.5 mm. Several live specimens and separate valves were found at six sta- tions, between N. lat. 40° 16’ 50’, W. long. €7° 5/ 15’, and N. lat. 38° 22’, W. long. 70° 17’ 30’, in 984 to 1,825 fathoms, 1883-1886. At station 2208 was found a single imperfect valve closely resem- bling this species but of much larger size. Length, 5.5 mm.; height, 6.5 mm. It is, however, much less regular in outline, having a nearly straight, rapidly sloping antero-dorsal margin, merging very abruptly into the broadly and very slightly curved and sloping anterior margin, forming a somewhat angular and little produced anterior end; ventral margin strongly convex, curving gradually into the posterior margin which slopes rapidly from the beak; postero-dorsal margin is convex but rises only a little above the outline of the distinct ridge which borders the ligamental area. NO. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. qW91 CRYPTODON (AXINULUS) INEQUALIS, new species. (Plate XC, figs. 1, 2. Shell small, somewhat oblong, with the anterior end much the longer. Umbos rather prominent, beaks elevated, curved strongly forward, so as to leave a small, deep lunular area. The antero-dorsal margin is at first nearly straight, sloping but little, and is nearly parallel with the ventral margin; the anterior end is produced, broadly and evenly rounded; the ventral margin is much less rounded, with the middle portion almost straight for a short distance, toward the posterior end it is subtruncate and slightly angulated; the postero-dorsal margin is convex and slopes rapidly; a very slight depression runs from the beak to the postero-ventral margin, but is so slight as to be scarcely worthy the name of plication or fold; posterior to this there is a dis- tinct submarginal ridge separated by a rather deep groove, from the ligamental area, which is long and narrow. The surface appears to the naked eye nearly smooth, bluish white; under the microscope it is marked by slight, raised, concentric ridges and faint undulations, which are the most regular and distinct on the umbos. In addition to these the whole surface, when highly magnified, has a fine fibrous appearance; on some parts there are remnants of a thin, pale yellow- ish epidermis. The hinge-margin is distinctly thickened, with a slight protuberance directly under the beak, where it is thicker than else- where. The posterior ligament is rather large and strong, and oceu- pies a conspicuous groove extending from under the beak about one- third the length of the postero-dorsal margin. Length, 4.5 mm.; height, 4.25 mm.; thickness, about 4 mm. A few specimens have been found in 14 to 49 fathoms, at about eleven stations north of Cape Cod, in Casco Bay, and in Halifax Harbor, 1873-1879. CRYPTODON (AXINULUS) SIMPLEX, new species. (Plate XCII, figs. 3, 4.) Shell small, thin, fragile, translucent bluish white, somewhat inflated, nearly circular in outline and without any posterior undulations. Beaks small, acute, slightly prominent, turned forward. Antero-dorsal mar- gin excavated in front of the beaks and convex farther forward; ante- rior margin broadly and evenly rounded and, with the ventral margin, forms nearly a circular curve; the posterior margin similarly rounded, but slightly flattened in the middle; postero-dorsal margin broadly convex without any distinct angulation posteriorly. The surface is nearly smooth and somewhat glossy on the umbos; it is marked by rather indistinct, small, concentric waves or undulations and micro- scopic lines of growth. Interior somewhat shining. The hinge-margin is thin, delicate, and very simple, with but a very slight thickening in the region of the beak; a narrow groove for the ligament is visible just 792 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. before and behind the beaks, but there is no tooth-like prominence at any point. Length, about 3.1 mm.; height, about 3 mm. One imperfect specimen, station 1093, N. lat. 39° 56’, W. long. 69° 45’, in 349 fathoms, 1882. This species is remarkable for the plainness of its surface, and the simplicity of its hinge, as it bas neither radial undulations nor tooth- like projections on the hinge-margin. In form it greatly resembles Axinopsis orbiculata, but lacks the conspicuous concavity in the antero-dorsal margin. It has, however, a very obvious posterior liga- mental furrow in the same relative position as that of other species of Cryptodon. A single valve taken at Eastport, Maine, 1872, agrees closely with the type in form, but is somewhat less thin and hyaline and the beaks are a trifle more prominent. The surface has faint and rather distant concentric undulations, visible only under the microscope, being most distinct on the umbo. The microscopic striations are a little more dis- tinct and in some lights give to the surface a fibrous or finely vermic- ulate appearance when highly magnified. This character, however, has been noticed in other species. The hinge-margin is a little more thickened and has a minute swelling on the inner margin just beneath the beak, scarcely worthy the name of tooth; the ligamental groove is also somewhat more strongly marked. This may prove to be a distinct species more nearly related to Awinopsis orbiculata from which it differs in having the antero-dorsal margin convex instead of strongly concave, and the general outline more evenly rounded, and a less evident tooth- like thickening of the hinge-margin. Length, about 2.8 mm.; height, about 2.6 mm. 7 CRYPTODON (AXINULUS) PYGMEUS, new species. (Plate LXXXVI, figs. 3, 4.) Shell minute, somewhat compressed, transversely ovate, inequi- lateral, with the anterior end the longer, and with a slightly produced ‘posterior angulation. Surface scarcely lustrous, covered with fine lines of growth and microscopic striations, and more or less incrusted with ferruginous mud, especially posteriorly; there is barely a trace of a posterior fold. Umbos a little prominent, beaks small, slightly raised above the margin, and turned a little forward. The antero- dorsal margin is nearly straight, or sometimes slightly convex, with a slightly excavated, small, lunular area; the anterior end is broad, con- siderably produced, and evenly rounded; the ventral margin is broadly rounded, not at all produced, and joins the posterior margin in a small obtuse angulation, above which the dorsal margin is slightly convex and slopes rapidly from the beaks. The inner surface is smooth with inconspicuous muscular scars. No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSA. 793 The hinge-margin in the right valve is slightly thickened with a dis- tinct, tootn-like prominence below and slightly in front of the center of the beak, and an inner fold-like thickening of the posterior margin to support the ligament; in front of the lunular area the margin is con. vex and slightly everted. Length, about 1.6 mm.; height, about 1.4 mm. A few live specimens were found at three stations between N. lat. 47° 40’, W. long. 47° 35/ 30”, and N. lat. 39° 54/ 30”, W. long. 70° 20’, in 206 to 499 fathoms, 1883-1886. This species is allied to C. ferruginosus (Forbes), from which it differs in its distinctly produced and angulated posterior end, and longer or more produced, evenly rounded anterior end. It also has considerable resemblance in form to C. tortuosus Jeffreys, but that has a very lus- trous surface and more vitreous texture, and moreover entirely lacks the posterior angulation. C. subovatus of Jeffreys, seems to resemble rather closely the small specimens of this species, but that lias more prominent beaks, is wedge-shaped, the antero-dorsal margin sloping pretty rapidly from the beak, instead of being nearly straight and horizontal as in our species. CRYPTODON (AXINULUS) FERRUGINOSUS (Forbes). (Plate LXXXVII, figs. 7, 8.) Cryptodon ferruginosus VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 570, 1882; VI, p. 279, 1884; Expl. Albatross, Report U. 8S. Com, Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 575, 1885.—DaL., Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 50, 1889, Axinus ferruginosus LOCARD, Campagne du Caudan, Annales de Université de Lyon, p. 191, 1896. This very common species was found at numerous stations from N. lat. 42° 47’, W. long. 61° 04’, to N. lat. 35° 12/ 10”, W. long. 74° 57/ 15”, in 1254 to 1,525 fathoms, 1880-1886. CRYPTODON (AXINULUS) OVATUS, new species. (Plates XCI, fig. 7; XCIII, fig. 1.) Shell small, ovate, not swollen, with the posterior end produced and somewhat pointed, rusty brown in color and heavily incrusted with iron oxide. Umbos rather flattened; beaks small and concealed by the coating of ferruginous matter. The anterior end is well-rounded with a nearly semicircular curve; the ventral margin is broadly convex; the posterior margin is tapered and produced at the end, with the dorsal margin a little convex and sloping rapidly. The hinge-margin is a little thickened and much obscured by the incrustation. In the left valve there is a rather prominent, blunt, tooth-like swelling below the lunular area; in the right valve there is a corresponding notch and a rather wide ligamental furrow commencing beneath the beak, and running back subparallel with the dorsal margin, becoming more 794 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. internal posteriorly. Just beneath the beak is an elongated tooth-like thickening of the inner margin which consequently curves downward at this point. Muscular scars whitish, inconspicuous. The external surface, so far as visible, seems to be smoothish with irregular lines of growth. Length, 1.6 mm.; height, 1.4 mm. Two valves, station 949, N. lat. 40° 3’, W. long. 70° 31’, in 100 fathoms, 1881. This species is encrusted very much as Cryptodon (Awinulus) ferruginosus, but is quite different in its much more strongly developed hinge and ovate form. From station 2113, N. lat. 35° 20/30’, W. long. 75° 19’, in 15 fathoms, there are three specimens (No. 35531) of considerably larger size which agree closely with this species and are probably identical. They are more extensively encrusted with ferruginous mud and are somewhat higher in proportion to their length; the ventral margin being slightly produced in the middle, but they have the same posterior augulation and the same evenly produced anterior end. The beaks are larger, rounded, and relatively more prominent above the margin. The hinge- margin is very thin and delicate, but does not differ essentially in other respects from the smaller specimens. Length, 2.6 mmn.; height, 2.2 mm. AXINOPSIS ORBICULATA G. O. Sars, variety INEQUALIS, new. (Plate XCII, fies. 5, 6.) Axvinopsis orbiculata G. O. Sars, Mollusca Reg. Arcticxe Norvegiwe, p. 63, pl. 19, figs. lla-d, 1878.—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 569, 1882.—BusuH, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VI, p. 243, pl. rx, fig. 4, 1883. The numerous specimens of this species show considerable variation in form and character of the hinge. Many specimens show the cardi- nal tooth and pit as described and figured by G. O. Sars; others have the hinge-margin nearly smooth or with mere rudiments of a tooth and pit. Our specimens moreover show a thin, continuous external liga- ment, which should be lacking according to Sars’ description, but he may have overlooked it. In form many of our specimens are evenly rounded, as figured by Sars, but others have the antero-dorsal margin more con- cave and the anterior end somewhat produced, while the postero-dorsal margin is Somewhat straighter than usual. Specimens from the Bay of Fundy have a somewhat oblong form, with the ventral margin more nearly straight or but slightly convex, and with the anterior end distinetly produced. This form seems suffi- ciently distinct to receive a varietal name, and we therefore propose to call it variety inequalis. No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 195 -— AXINOPSIS CORDATA, new species. (Plate XCVII, figs. 5, 6.) Shell small, white, smoothish, rounded or somewhat cordate, longer anteriorly, with small, little prominent beaks curving forward. Antero- dorsal margin a little convex, sloping gradually and passing somewhat abruptly into the anterior margin, which is broadly and obtusely rounded; ventral margin strongly convex, somewhat produced in the middle; posterior margin pretty evenly rounded, except in the middle, where there is a slightly produced portion corresponding to the plica- tion; postero-dorsal margin strongly convex in the middle. The sur- face is marked by fine, microscopic, concentric striw and irregular lines of growth which, on the umbo, appear as slight undulations. The liga- mental area is relatively large, prominent in the middle, and defined by a distinct groove, beyond which there is a well-marked but low radiat- ing ridge or plication which forms an inconspicuous projection at the margin; anterior to this there is a very slight wave-like depression of the surface, much as in most species of Cryptodon. The hinge-margin is decidedly thickened; in both valves there is a rather large, obtuse tooth just below the beak, from which it 1s separated by a rather large space for the ligament which runs backward for a short distance in a conspicuous submarginal groove, becoming internal distally; anteriorly the groove is narrow and outside the margin. Length, about 2 mm.; height, the same. This species is referred to the genus A.inopsis with some doubt, although it has the distinct cardinal tooth and ligament-groove. It has, however, a single posterior plication similar to that seen in some species of Cryptodon; but the character of the plications vary in that genus, in some cases being very strong and in others obsolete, or nearly so. In fact, the genus Avinopsis can hardly be distinguished from it except by the distinctly developed cardinal tooth, which is only par- tially differentiated from the proximal end of the anterior hinge-plate. A few separate valves and two live young were found at six stations between N. lat. 40°, W. long. 71° 14’ 30”, and_N. lat. 35° 42’, W. long. 74° 54’ 30”, in 43 to 202 fathoms, 1880-1854, The young specimens from stations 870 and 943 are referred to this species with considerable doubt, as they have a much more rounded outline, although the hinge-margin is similar. AXINODON, new genus. Type.—Axinodon ellipticus, new species. Shell thin, rounded or ovate, without plications. Hinge with one or two small or subrudimentary teeth. Ligament internymphal, poste- riorly so far internal that its inner end, distally, is attached below the inner edge of the hinge-plate, and therefore covers its entire breadth. 796 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. AXINODON ELLIPTICUS, new species. (Plates XC, figs. 5, 6; XCII, fig. 1.) Shell small, nearly smooth, swollen, transversely elliptical and some- what oblong, with rather prominent umbos and with the beaks con- siderably behind the middle and curved forward. The antero-dorsal margin is decidedly convex and somewhat excurved, the anterior end is longer and a little broader than the posterior; both are nearly evenly rounded; the ventral margin is broadly rounded and nearly straight for a short distance along the middle; the postero-dorsal margin is con- vex and merges into the posterior end in a regular curve. The lunular area is rather distinct, but without any very definite boundary. The surface is nearly smooth, covered only with fine, close lines of growth, which, under the microscope, appear as delicate, raised lines, separated by grooves of about the same width; this sculpture is very regular over most of the surface, but on the umbos some of the ridges are so large as to appear like small undulations. The interior surface is smooth and white; the muscular scars are indistinct; the hinge-margin is rather thin; the posterior ligament is prominent, wedge-shaped, widest distally, and occupies a distinct groove covering the whole breadth and extending about one-third the length of the postero-dorsal margin and running forward under the beaks. In the left valve there are two slightly raised, minute, obscure, rounded teeth under the beak, of which the anterior is a little more distinct than the other; farther forward, and separated from the latter by a slight notch, there is an elongated thickening of the margin forming a sort of lateral tooth or lamina and separated from the outer edge by a narrow groove. In the right valve the anterior tooth-like thickening is less distinct and there is only a very slight rounded swelling of the lunular margin under the beak. Length, 3.5 mm.; height, 3 mm. Two live specimens (No. 35175), station 2096, N. lat. 39° 22’ 20, W. long. 70° 52’ 20”, in 1,451 fathoms, 1883. LEPTAXINUS, new genus. Type.—Leptaxinus minutus, new species. Shell small, short-ovate, inequilateral, with the anterior end the longer, and rounded, and the posterior end tapered and angulated, with a slight plication. Hinge-plate well developed, with a delicate, lateral tooth on both sides of the beak in the right valve, and one pos- terior lateral tooth in the left valve; in both valves with the proximal end of the hinge-plate enlarged and thickened near the beak, that of the left valve most developed and rising into a blunt tooth-like promi- nence. Ligament commencing under the beak and running back on the ventral side of the posterior hinge-plate, so that for the greater part of its length it is internal. No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 197 This genus differs from Cryptodon in the more internal position of the ligament and in having distinct lateral teeth. From Axinodon, in the stronger hinge-plate, in the presence of the lateral teeth, in having a posterior plication, and in lacking distinct cardinal teeth. LEPTAXINUS MINUTUS, new species. (Plate LXXXIX, figs. 3-5.) Shell minute, broadly ovate, with a slightly produced obtuse point near the middle of the posterior end, and a somewhat produced, broadly rounded anterior end. Beaks behind the middle, rising a little above the dorsal margin and turned forward, leaving a small, rather deep lunular area. Antero-dorsal margin a little convex, sloping but little; anterior margin broadly and evenly rounded, forming nearly a semicircle, and passing continuously into the ventral margin, which is a little more broadly rounded; the posterior margin is somewhat angular, with a distinct prominence a little below the middle, where the radial ridge terminates, below this for a short space the mar. gin is nearly straight or slightly inecurved; above, the postero-dorsal margin is straight as far as a slight angle in the ligamental area, above which it is convex to the beak. The hinge-margin is a little thickened, and in the left valve forms a rather prominent and somewhat angular tooth just below and slightly in front of the beak; the ligamental groove is barely visible on the inner face of the posterior hinge-margin, and runs forward as a narrow groove beneath the beak; in the r:ght valve there is a somewhat less prominent tooth just under the beak, behind which the ligamental groove forms a distinct notch in the margin. Under the microscope there is seen in both valves a distinct submargi- nal ridge with a conspicuous groove behind it, commencing a consider- able distance behind the beak and running in and along the inner hinge-margin; there is also in the right valve a short, indistinct groove along the end of the hinge-margin in front of the beak. Externally a rather shallow, depressed undulation runs from the beak to the pos- tero-ventral margin; behind it is a narrow, but slightly prominent, radial ridge running to the posterior angle; back of or above this a rather short ligamental area projects beyond the margin. The surface is covered with a thin, greenish yellow epidermis and is marked by fine, pretty regular, parallel, raised jines of growth, and also faint and rather numerous radiating lines which are not visible except under a high power. Length, nearly 2 mm.; height, 14 mm. f One live specimen (No. 45686), station 949, N. lat. 40° 3’, W. long. 70° 31’, in 100 fathoms, 1851. 798 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Family ASTARTID. ASTARTE NANA (Jeffreys?) Dall. Astarte nana Dati, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XII, p. 261, pl. vu, figs. 6a, 6b, 1886; Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 46, pl. vu, figs. 6a, 6b, 1889. A single valve, which agrees perfectly with Dall’s figures, quoted above, was found at station 2307, off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in 43 fathoms, 1884. South to Sombrero, in 22 to 196 fathoms.—Dall. Family CUSPIDARIDA. Tn the classification of this family we have adopted the groups pro- posed by Messrs. W. H. Dall and E. A. Smith as defined by Mr. Dall.! We, however, consider his two subgeneric groups, Cardiomya and Halonympha, as distinct genera. CUSPIDARIA UNDATA Verrill. (Plates LXXII, fig. 1; LXXVIII, figs. 3, 4.) Newra undata VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, pp. 223, 277, 1884; Expl. Alba- tross, Report U. S. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 574, 1885. Not Myonera undata DALL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XII, pp. 302, 304, 1886; Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 68, 1889 (in part). Three live specimens and two valves were found at stations 2098 and 2566, off Chesapeake Bay, in 2,221 and 2,680 fathoms, 1883 and 1885. Fragments obtained by the Blake near Havana, Dominica, and St. Vincent, in 450 to 611 fathoms, are erroneously referred by Mr. Dall to this species. Our shell is certainly not a Myonera. We have a fragment of a left valve from station 2655, N. lat. 27° 22’, W. long. 78° 7’ 30’, in 338 fathoms, found among Foraminifera, which belongs to a strongly undulated species, with a short, angular, sub- acute rostrum defined below by a rather deep groove at which the concentric sculpture changes abruptly. The beak is prominent and turns strongly backward. The cartilage-plate is strong, deeply con- cave, and directed backward; a moderately elevated internal rib runs backward from the umbonal region to the posterior muscular sear. The shell is thin and has deep internal grooves corresponding to the external ridges. Judging by the lines of growth, the shell was short- ovate, broadly rounded anteriorly, and having posteriorly a short, angular, subacute rostrum; the escutcheon is concave and well-defined by a small, sharp ridge. This fragment seems to belong to an unde- scribed species of Myonera. It can, however, hardly be the same as Mr. Dall’s species, as he states that in his “‘there is no buttress or appearance of an internal rib.” NO. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 799 CUSPIDARIA LAMELLOSA (M. Sars) Dall. (Plate LXXIV, fig. 10.) Neera lamellosa VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 561, 1882; VI, p. 277, pl. xxx, fig. 3, 1884; Expl. Albatross, Report U. 8. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 574, 1885. Cuspidaria lamellosa DALL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., XII, p. 294, 1886; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 66, pl. xLv, fig. 3, 1889. Comparatively few specimens, at twelve stations, between N. lat. 40° 2! 49", W. long. 68° 49’, and N. lat. 37° 59’ 30”, W. long. 73° 48’ 40”, in 319 to 555 fathoms, 1880-1886. A few specimens occurred which differ from the typical form in hav- ing but five or six concentric lamelle visible on the antero-ventral portion of each valve and only conspicuous unequal lines of growth on the rest of the surface. CUSPIDARIA TURGIDA, new species. (Plates LX XII, fig. 7; LX XVII, fig. 4.) Shell rather large, thin, delicate, translucent, of a pinkish white color within, long-oval, with prominent, posteriorly directed umbos, and narrow, rather long posterior rostrum. The beaks are central, rather acute and turned distinctly forward. The antero-dorsal margin is slightly convex, forming a broad curve; the anterior end is a little prolonged in the middle but otherwise pretty evenly rounded; the ventral margin forms a regular, broad curve becoming strongly incurved at the base of the rostrum; the postero-dorsal margin is straight at first, but slightly concave along the rostrum. The cartilage-plate is small and very oblique, and in the right valve, is separated by a dis- tinct notch from the lateral tooth, which is long and low, with a rounded summit and a long, gradual, posterior slope; there is no trace of buttress or clavicle. In the left valve the hinge-margin is thin, and nearly simple both anteriorly and posteriorly. The exterior surface is covered with a thin, yellowish gray epidermis and is marked with irregular, rather conspicuous lines of growth; on the rostrum there is a distinct diagonal ridge running ‘rom the beaks to the lower margin. Length, 22 mm.; height, 12 mm.; breadth, 11 mm.; distance from cen- ter of beak to end of rostrum, 12 mm.; to extreme anterior end, 12 mm. In form, general appearance, and length of rostrum, this species is intermediate between C. glacialis and C. rostrata, but the umbos are more oblique and there are obvious differences in the hinge. One live specimen (No. 78789), station 2714, N. lat. 38° 22’, W. long. 70° 17’ 30”, in 1,825 fathoms, 1886, 800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, CUSPIDARIA ROSTRATA (Spengler) Dall. (Plate LXXII, fig. 6.) Newra rostrata VERRILL, 'l'rans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 562, pl. Lv, fig. 39, 1882; VI p. 277, 1884; Expl. Albatross, Report U.S. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 574, 1885.—Smiru, E. A., Report Voy. Challenger, Zod]. Lamellibranchiata, XII, p. 35, 1885. Cuspidaria rostrata DALL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XII, p. 294, 1886; XVIII, p. 444, 1889; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 66, 1889.—Locarp, Caipaenean Caudan, Annales de Université as Lyon, p. 177, 1896. « This species was obtained at about fifteen stations between N. lat. 40° 6’ 50”, W. long. 70° 34’ 15”, and N. lat. 38° 31’, W. long. 73° 21’, in 65 to 156 fathoms. South to Barbados in 65 to 1,639 fathoms.—Dall. CUSPIDARIA GLACIALIS (G. O. Sars) Dall. (Plates LXXI, fig. 9; LX XII, fig. 5; LXXV, fig. 9.) Newra glacialis G. O. Sars, Mollusca Reg. Arctice Norvegizx, p. 88, pl. 6, figs. 8, a-c, 1878.—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 562, pl. xLIv, figs. 10, a-b, 1882; VI, p. 277, 1884; Expl. Albatross, Report U. 8. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 574, 1885.—Smiru, E. A., Report Voy. Challenger, Zool. Lamelli- branchiata, XIII, p. 35, 1885. Cuspidaria glacialis Davi, Bull. Mus. Comp. Tools Xl pp. 294, 305, 1886; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mu _ , No. 37, p. 66, 1889. Cuspidaria arctica var. glacialis DaLL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XVIII, p. 444, 1889; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, p. 280, 1889. Cuspidaria glacialis Busu, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., XXIII, p. 226, 1895. Not Cuspidaria artica.(M. Sars). This very common species was dredged at many stations from N. lat. 440° 26’, W. long. 62° 10’, to N. lat. 37° 8’, W. long. 74° 33’, in 62 to 828 fathoms. South to the Gulf of Mexico, in 64 to 1,467 fathoms.—Dall. CUSPIDARIA MEDIA, new species. (Plates LXXI, figs. 5,6; LX XIII, fig. 6.) Shell of moderate size, resembling a medium-sized C. glacialis (Sars), in form, but decidedly more swollen, with the rostrum narrower and more distinetly defined by a stronger ventral emargination. Umbos large, prominent, and swollen, with strongly incurved and very promi- nent beaks. The antero-dorsal margin is a little convex and slopes rapidly to the evenly rounded anterior end; the ventral margin is regu- larly curved and is rather more convex than in C. glacialis, and shows a very decided emargination at the base of the rostrum; the postero- dorsal margin is nearly straight but slopes from the beak to the end of the rostrum which is of moderate length and tapers from the base to the narrow, subtruncated end; it has no distinct diagonal ridge, but is separated from the body of the shell by a strongly marked depression. — The surface is nearly smooth but is covered with fine lines of growth NO. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. S01 which are most distinct on the rostrum. The hinge-margin is thin. The right valve has a thin, low, much elongated posterior lateral tooth which runs nearly parallel with the dorsal margin, above which it pro- jects in a broad curve; the cartilage-plate is small, very oblique, and closely united with the tooth from which it is separated by a faint, curved notch; no buttress. In the left valve there is no lateral tooth, and the cartilage-plate is very small, slightly prominent, with a curved inner edge. The inner surface of the shell is smooth and the muscular scars are faint. Length of an average specimen, 13 mm.; height, 8 mm.; breadth, 6.5 mm.; beak to end of rostrum, 8.5 mm.; beak to anterior end, 6 mm. This species is allied to C. glacialis, from which it differs in its more swollen form, more oblique anterior end, more prominent ventral mar- gin, more clearly defined rostrum, and straighter postero-dorsal margin. The hinge shows still more decided differences; the lateral tooth of the latter is stouter, more prominent, and less prolonged; the cartilage- plate is smaller and less distinctly defined. From C. fraterna it differs in being less produced ventrally and in having a longer rostrum with much straighter dorsal margin and a much longer lateral tooth. This is a common species off Marthas Vineyard and has been taken at about fifteen stations between N. lat. 40° 10’ 15’, W. long. 70° 26/, and N. lat. 39° 56’, W. long. 70° 54/ 18’’, in 63 to 155 fathoms, 1880-1884. A broken valve, station 362, N. lat. 42° 1’, W. long. 69° 34’, in 106 fathoms, 1879, is also referred to this species. CUSPIDARIA PARVA, new species. (Plates LXXIV, fig. 9; LXXVII, fig. 7.) Shell small, delicate, elongated, inequivalved, having a general resem- blance in form to the very young of C. obesa and C. fraterna. Umbos small, rather prominent; beaks small and incurved. The antero-dorsal margin is moderately convex and slopes regularly to the evenly rounded anterior end; ventral margin very broadly rounded, with a decided incurvature at the base of the rostrum, corresponding to the marked depression of the surface; postero-dorsal margin slopes rapidly at first and is usually concave along the rostrum, which is moderately long (the length varies in different specimens), narrow, with an obtusely rounded or subtruncated end. It is crossed by a distinet diagonal ridge, above which there are several small, raised, radial lines; the surface is elsewhere nearly smooth or presents a microscopic, faintly granulose appearance. The left valve is the larger and considerably overlaps the right along the ventral margin and siphonal region; the right overlaps the left along the postero-dorsal margin; the rostrum is a little bent toward the leftin some specimens. The hinge-margin is delicate, with the anterior margin a little everted; cartilage-plate minute, sunken, in the right valve well separated from the prominent, Proc. N. M. vol. xx——51 802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. rather elongated lateral tooth; the left valve also has a small, elongated, tooth-like expansion posterior to the cartilage-plate. Length, 4.5 mm.; height, 2.25 mm.; breadth, 1.5 mm. This species may easily be mistaken for the young of C. obesa and C. fraterna; the structure of the hinge is, however, characteristic. A comparatively few specimens, at seven station, between N. lat. 41° 28’ 30’, W. long. 65° 35/ 30”, and 35° 49’ 30, W. long. 74° 34! 45”, in 515 to 1,290 fathoms, 1883-1886. CUSPIDARIA VENTRICOSA, new species. (Plates LXXII, fig. 5; LXXVI, fig. 6.) Shell large, rather solid, swollen, with a ventral enlargement and a moderately elongated, tapered rostrum. Umbos swollen and promi- nent; beaks incurved. Antero-dorsal margin at first nearly straight, then broadly rounded with the extreme anterior end a little prominent; ventral margin decidedly excurved in the middle, corresponding to the exterior swelling; at the base of the rostrum slightly concave; postero- dorsal margin somewhat concave, the most so at the base of the ros- trum, which is obtusely rounded at the end. Exterior covered with very distinct lines of growth and irregular, stronger, concentric grooves. C» the rostrum there is an obtuse, diagonal ridge running to the ven- tro! angle of the tip; between this and the dorsal margin there are two others less distinct. The anterior hinge-margin is decidedly thickened in both valves and projects inward with a thick, rounded edge, most conspicuous in the right valve, in which it is abruptly much narrowed near the cartilage-plate; in this valve the lateral tooth is short, stout, obtuse, very prominent, and situated close to the beak, its length along the margin not much exceeding its height; cartilage-plate small, rela- tively wide, oblique, directed backward and downward, and closely united to the lateral tooth, there being only a slight, rounded notch between. Length of the larger specimen, 30 mm.; height, 29 mm.; breadth, 18 mm.; beak to end of rostrum, 16 mm.; beak to anterior end, 17 mm. Another specimen is 25 mm. long; 17 mm. high; 12 mm. broad. Four valves, at three station, between N. lat. 40° 29’, W. long. 66° 4’, and N. lat. 38° 27’ 30’, W. long. 70° 54’ 30’, in 349 to 1,769 fathoms, 1882-1886. This species has some resemblance to (C. glacialis, but is a stouter and more swollen shell, with a relatively larger rostrum, much more elon- gated and less prominent lateral tooth, and very different cartilage- plate. The latter does not have the swollen ventral region, character- istic of our species, nor the diagonal ribs on the rostrum. No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 803 CUSPIDARIA ARCTICA (M. Sars) Dall, (Plates LXXI, fig. 2; LXXIV, fig. 7.) Neera arctica Sars, G. O., Mollusca Reg. Arctice Norvegiz, p. 85, pl. 6, figs. 5, a—c, 1878.—SmitH, E. A., Report Voy. Challenger, Zobl, Lamellibranchiata, XII, p. 35, 1885. Cuspidaria arctica DALL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XII, p. 294, 1886. Not Newra arctica VERRILL, Amer. Journ. Science, VI, p. 440, 1873. A single imperfect valve from station 70, south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 190 fathoms, is referred to this species. Though worn and slightly broken, it agrees closely with Sars’ figure, but it cannot be fully grown, for it measures but 14 mm. in length and 11 mm. in height. CUSPIDARIA FORMOSA, new species. (Plates LXXIV, fig. 6; LXXIX, fig. 9.) Shell short, high, and swollen. Umbos prominent; beaks incurved. Anterior portion broadly rounded, a little produced at the end, with the dorsal margin convex and a little excurved; the ventral margin is broadly and evenly rounded; the rostrum is short, broad at base, much tapered; the postero-dorsal margin is nearly straight at first, then slightly concave and a little upturned. The exterior is covered with uneven lines of growth between which the surface is microscopically striated and more or less iridescent. The color of the single specimen is pale pink, externally and internally. The right valve has a promi- nent, triangular lateral tooth with its base prolonged parallel to the margin of the shell; it is separated by a decided notch from the cartilage- plate, which is of moderate size, ovate, somewhat oblique, with its inner edge rounded and prominent. Length, about 16 mm.; height, 13 mm.; breadth, 10 mm.; beak to end of rostrum, about 9 mm.; beak to anterior end, 8 mm. A single, much broken, specimen (No. 78313), station 2706, N. lat. 41° 28’, W. long. 65° 35’, in 1,188 fathoms, 1886. CUSPIDARIA FRATERNA, new species. (Plates LX XI, figs. 7, 8; LXXV, fig. 6.) Shell similar to Cuspidaria obesa (Loven), moderately large, consider- ably swollen, rather thick and firm for the genus, with a moderately long, tapered rostrum. The umbos are rather prominent and swollen, with the strongly incurved beaks nearly in contact. The anterior end is broadly rounded with a regularly curved, convex dorsal edge which rises nearly to the height of the umbos; the ventral margin is a little protuberant. The postero-dorsal line slopes with a slightly concave outline to the end of the rostrum; on the ventral margin there is a dis- tinct incurvature corresponding to a wave-like depression on the surface, 804 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XX. defining the base of the rostrum. The surface is nearly smooth and somewhat glossy, covered with fine lines of growth which become more prominent and irregular on the rostrum, which has no distinct diagonal line. The hinge-margin is somewhat thickened; the right valve has a rather short, prominent, obtuse, triangular lateral tooth only slightly separated from the cartilage-plate by a concave margin; the cartilage- plate is small, very oblique, with the inner edge curved and not at all angulated. Muscular scars and pallial line indistinct; no buttress. Length, 13 mm.; height, 9 mm.; breadth, 6 mm.; from beak to end of rostrum, 8 mm.; from beak to anterior end, 7 mm. Found at about thirty stations between N. lat. 40° 2’ 49’, W. long. 68° 49’, and N. lat. 87° 23’, W. long. 73° 53’, in 302 to 984 fathoms. This species resembles C. obesa (Lovén) in form; it is, however, a larger species with a firmer and more swollen shell; the ventral margin is more prominent, so that it has a relatively higher form and is broader at the base of the rostrum. The hinge shows more decided differences, for in C. obesa the lateral tooth is smaller, shorter, and closely approxi- mated to the cartilage-plate which is distinctly angulated, the inner end being acute and separated from the tooth by a small angular notch. CUSPIDARIA OBESA (Loven) Dall. (Plate LXXV, fig. 7.) Neewra obesa LOVEN, Ind. Moll. Scand. Occid., p. 48, 1846.—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 563, pl. XLIv, fig. 10c, 1882; VI, p. 277, 1884 (in part) ; Expl. Albatross, Report U.S. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 574, 1885 (in part).—Smitu, E. A., Report Voy. Challenger, Zo6]. Lamellibranchiata, XII, p. 43, 1885. Cuspidaria obesa DALL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XII, p. 295 (not pl. m1, fig. 1), 1886; Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 66 (not pl. m1, fig. 1), 1889. Not Newra pellucida STIMPSON. This species has been found at about twenty-four stations between N. lat. 43° 23’, W. long. 68° 30’, and N. lat. 35° 12/10”, W. long. 74957/15”, in 96 to 811 fathoms, 1873-1887. It is recorded by Mr. Dall from off Barbados in 100 fathoms and off the coast of California in 16 fathoms. After a careful study and comparison of the numerous species belonging to the family Cuspidaride we have been able to satisfac- torily prove that the form described by Stimpson as Newra pellucida is quite distinct from that described by Loven as NV. obesa, with which it has been so long confounded. No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 805 CUSPIDARIA PELLUCIDA (Stimpson). (Plates LXXV, fig. 8; LXXVI, fig. 8.) Neera pellucida STIMPSON, Invert. Grand Manan, p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 13, 1853.— GOULD, Invert. Massachusetts (2d ed.), p. 61, fig. 378, 1870.—VERRILL, Check-list, p. 24, 1879. Neera sp. VERRILL, Expl. Albatross, Report U.S. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 574, 1885. Not Newra obesa LOVEN. Shell small, much swollen, with a strongly tapered, somewhat pro- duced rostrum. Umbos relatively large and prominent, beaks minute, strongly incurved. The anterior portion is broadly and evenly rounded, the margin forming nearly a semicircle, with the dorsal margin strongly convex and excurved, rising nearly as high as the umbos; the ventral margin is broadly rounded but distinetly incurved at the base of the rostrum which is rather narrow distally, obtusely rounded at the tip and slightly upturned; the postero dorsal margin slopes considerably, is nearly straight at first but becomes slightly concave on the rostrum. External surface nearly smooth but usually showing more or less prom- inent lines of growth, most distinct on the distal part of the rostrum which is destitute of a distinct diagonal line. The right valve has a short, very prominent, strongly curved lateral tooth rising close to the beak, the most prominent part being near the proximal end which rises rather abruptly from the very minute cartilage-plate from which it is not separated by a notch; just in front of the beak, the hinge-margin is distinctly thickened, sinuous, and a little prominent, forming a sort of tooth, separated from the lateral tooth only by the minute sunken cartilage-plate; the left valve also has a slight, sinuous thickening of the margin in front of the cartilage plate. Length of one of the largest specimens, 4.5 mm.; height, 3 mm.; breadth, 8 mm.; beak to end of rostrum, 3 mm.; beak to anterior end, 2.5 mm. This species has been taken at Eastport Harbor; Bay of Fundy, near Grand Manan Island; and at about twenty-one stations between N. lat. 47° 40’, W. long. 47° 35’ 30’, and N. lat. 35° 14’ 20, W. long. 74° 59/ 10’, in 52 to 516 fathoms, 1868-1886. The specimens here described are from the Bay of Fundy, near Grand Manan Island and Eastport Harbor, very near the locality where Doctor Stimpson’s types were obtained. In former articles we have united this species with C. obesa (Lovén). A careful reexam- ination of a large series of specimens of both forms has convinced us that they are distinct but closely related species. In C. obesa the anterior portion is more produced, giving the shell a more ovate out- line; the rostrum is broader and rather more upturned; the cartilage- plate is relatively much larger, more prominent, and angular at the edge, and in the right valve is separated from the lateral tooth by an 806 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. angular notch; while the tooth itself is relatively smaller, shorter, less prominent, and more distinctly triangular in form. CUSPIDARIA SUBTORTA (Sars). (Plates LXXIII, fig. 1; LXXIV, figs. 4, 5.) Necwra subtorta Sars, G. O., Mollusca Reg. Arcticw Norvegix, p. 87, pl. 6, figs. 6, a—c, 1878.— JEFFREYS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 254, September, 1877; Proc. Zo0l. Soc., London, p. 937, November, 1881.—Smiru, E. A., Report Voy. Chal- lenger, Zobl. Lamellibranchiata, XIII, p. 35, 1885. Shell inequivalve, rather short, relatively high, much swollen in the middle, with tumid umbos and a short, tapered, somewhat upturned rostrum. The anterior portion is broadly rounded, the margin forming nearly a semicircle; the antero-dorsal margin is strongly convex and slightly excurved; the ventral margin is evenly rounded, except at the base of the rostrum where it is distinctly incurved, especially in the right valve; the postero-dorsal margin is very strongly concave in the left valve and less so in the right. The rostrum is separated from the body of the shell by a sinuous depression and has a poorly defined diagonal ridge; it isa little bent to the left and, when viewed from above, appears slightly twisted. The surface of the shell is nearly smooth, but shows distinct lines of growth anteriorly, and especially on the superior part of the rostrum; the epidermis is very thin, yellowish white, more or less wrinkled on the rostrum; the hinge-margin is rather strong; the lateral tooth in the right valve is large, rather elongated, rather prominent, obtusely triangular, and not separated from the very small, narrow, oblique, sunken cartilage-plate by a notch; in the left valve there is a small, short, prominent tooth arising from the poste- rior margin of the cartilage-plate and separated from the posterior hinge-margin by a distinct angular notch. Length, 8 mm.; height, 6 mm.; breadth, about 5 mm. One live specimen (No, 52545), station 2499, N. lat. 44° 46’ 30’, W. long. 59° 55’ 45/7, in 130 fathoms, 1885. This species appears to be identical with the European subtorta. It differs from all of our other species in having a distinct tooth-like tubercle behind the cartilage-plate in the left valve. The inequality of the valves and the twisted rostrum give the shell a peculiar aspect. CARDIOMYA ABYSSICOLA, new species. (Plates LX XIII, fig. 4; LXXIV, fig. 1; LX XVII, fig. 9.) Shell rather large, swollen, with tumid unmbos; outline elongate-ovate, with a narrow, rather elongated, tapered, slightly excurved posterior rostrum, the tips divergent and gaping; the anterior end is broadly round, with the dorsal and ventral margins convex, the latter narrow- ing gradually posteriorly with a slight sinus at the base of the rostrum; the postero-dorsal margin is concave, so that the end of the rostrum is NO. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 807 somewhat upturned. The entire body of the shell is covered with numerous narrow, elevated, radiating ribs, separated by much wider concave interspaces, some of the widest of which have a small second- ary rib in the center toward the margin; the ribs increase in elevation and strength posteriorly, toward the base of the rostrum, but never become broad; for a short distance on the base of the rostrum the ribs are nearly obsolete but become prominent again on its dorsal and ter- minal portions; this part is also crossed by irregular raised lines of growth which cross the ribs obliquely; the inner surface is covered with rounded grooves corresponding to the external ribs, separated by convex ribs of about the same width; these become obsolete ante- riorly and posteriorly. The hinge-margin in the left valve is only a little thickened and slightly excurved, the cartilage-plate is central, stout, regularly ovate in form, with a thickened inner margin; in the right valve there is a prominent, rather stout, elongated posterior tooth, the anterior end of which joins closely the cartilage-plate, leav- ing scarcely any notch between; the highest part of the tooth is near the middle, the slope, however, is a little steeper anteriorly; a deep groove separates the tooth from the thin, slightly excurved dorsal mar- gin; anteriorly the margin is but slightly thickened, and shows a very narrow, beveled edge externally for the attachment of the thin liga- ment; a similar but more distinct ligamental groove extends from the beak to the base of the rostrum; there is a short, rather stout, rib-like clavicle or buttress running from beneath the middle of the tooth obliquely backward and downward in the direction of the base of the rostrum; a less prominent buttress is also present in the left valve. Length of one of the largest specimens, 25 mm.; height, 15 mm.; thickness, 14 mm.; from beak to end of rostrum, 13 mm.; to antero- ventral margin, 12 mm. One badly broken valve is considerably larger than this. There are also two young live specimens which measure about 6 mm. in length and 3.5 mm. in height. Their form is somewhat narrower and longer than in the adult, and the rostrum appears rather longer and narrower; the postero-dorsal margin is nearly straight; the ventral margin is decidedly concave at the base of the rostrum; the shells are very thin, somewhat transparent and glossy, and have about twenty-six sharply defined, considerably elevated, nearly equal, nar- row ribs on the body of the shell, separated by much wider spaces; the edge of the left valve overlaps that of the right, especially along the base of the rostrum. In general appearance this species greatly resembles C. multicostata Verrilland Smith. It differs, however, in having a regularly more ovate form with the anterior region somewhat narrower and more prolonged and the postero-ventral margin less incurved at the base of the ros- trum, so that the latter is broader and less differentiated. The exter- nal cost differ in being narrow and sharp, separated by broad concave interspaces, and of nearly uniform size, there being no marked contrast between those on the anterior and posterior portions of the shell, 808 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. although the elevation and distance between them gradually i increase posteriorly, while in the former they are broadly rounded and separated for the most part by narrow interstices. The hinge also differs consid- erably; the cartilage-plate is less prominent and broader than that of multicostata, and the tooth in the right valve is longer and not so prominent and scarcely forms a notch at its junction with the cartilage- plate; anteriorly the margin is very thin and simple with a very nar- row, linear, ligamental groove along its outer edge, while in the former the groove is broader and its inner edge is raised almost i in the form of a lateral tooth. It also resembles C. costellata var. corpulenta Dall in the character of the cost, but the latter is much shorter and higher in form and has a very short, ill-defined rostrum. Two young live specimens, two separate valves, and some fragments were taken at three stations, between N. lat. 40° 29’, W. long. 66° 14’, and N. lat. 36° 47’, W. long. 73° 9/ 30”, in 1,685 to1,813 fathoms, 1885-86. CARDIOMYA MULTICOSTATA Verrill and Smith. (Plate LXXIII, fig. 3.) Newra multicostata VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 559, pl. Lv, fig. 40, 1882; VI, p. 277, 1884; Expl. Albatross, Report U. 8. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, pl. ae ae 129, 1885.—Smirn, E. A., Report Voy. Challenger, Zodl. Lamellibranchiata, XIII, p. 36, 1885. Not Cardiomya striata DALL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XII, p. 298, pl. 111, fig. 10, 1886; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 66, pl. 1, fig. 10, 1889; Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, p. 281, 1889. Cardiomya striata DAL, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 37, pl. Lxy, fig. 129, 1889. Not Cardiomya costellata (DESHAYES) var. curta DALL, Bull. Mus. Bags Zool., XII, p. 297, 1886. Neera Wnuititostata var. curta VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 560, 1882. This comparatively rare species was found at but eight stations off Marthas Vineyard, in 85 to 158 fathoms, 1880-1882. Although this species resembles Cardiomya striata (Jeffreys) in the character of its sculpture, the marked difference in outline, especially in its clearly defined rostrum, render it advisable to keep the two forms separate until a careful comparison of the hinges can satisfactorily decide the question of their identity. The two valves designated as variety curta have the radiating ribs rounded and not angular, but fewer in number than the typical form, and must be distinct from curta of Jeffreys, which Mr. Dall makes a variety of costellata of Deshayes. No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 809) CARDIOMYA PERROSTRATA Dall. (Plates LX XIII, fig. 2; LXXIV, fig. 3.) Neera perrostrata VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 561, 1882; VI, p. 277, 1884. Cardiomya perrostrata DALL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XII, p. 296, pl. 1, figs. 3a, 3b, 1886; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 66, pl. u, figs. 3a, 3b, 1889. Only a few specimens were obtained from seven stations between N, lat. 40° 15’ 30’, W. long. 70° 27’, and N. lat. 39° 46’ 30’, W. long. 70° d4’, in 58 to 325 fathoms, 1880-1884. South to Granada, in 339 to 416 fathoms.—Dall. CARDIOMYA GEMMA, new species. (Plates LXXI, figs. 3, 4; LXXIV, fig. 11.) Neera paucistriata Bus, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, p. 473, 1885. Not Myonera paucistriata DaLL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XII, p. 302, 1886; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 68, 1889; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XII, p. 283, pl. x11, fig. 12, 1889. Cardiomya sp. Busy, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XXIII, p. 227, 1893. Sheil small, inequivalved, thin, fragile, translucent, bluish white, somewhat ovate, with a well-defined rostrum. Umbos smooth, a little prominent; the beaks small, inconspicuous. The antero-dorsal margin is convex and rises distinctly above the beaks so that the greatest height of the shell is in front of them; thence it slopes rapidly to the somewhat prominent anterior end; the ventral margin is broadly rounded with a slight angle at the termination of each radial rib, decidedly incurved at the base of the rostrum which is a little elon- gated, nearly straight, somewhat tapered, and rather upturned distally; the postero-dorsal margin is depressed and somewhat concave. Each valve has three conspicuous, prominent, thin, elevated, distant, radial ribs on the posterior half and a fourth less distinct one at about the middle; this is rudimentary in the left valve; none of them reach the umbos. The surface is also covered with very delicate lines of growth; the rostrum does not have a diagonal ridge. The hinge-margin is thin and delicate; the right valve has a small but prominent, moderately long lateral tooth separated from the very minute cartilage-plate by a distinct notch. The lateral tooth is supported by a small buttress. Length, 5 mm.; height, 3 mm. A few specimens off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in 16 and 17 fathoms, 1884. 810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. CARDIOMYA GLYPTA Bush. (Plates LXXI, fig. 1; LXXVI, figs. 3, 7.) Neera costata Busu, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, p. 472, pl. Xv, fig. 21, 1885; Expl. Albatross, Report U. S. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 587, 1885; not Sowerby, 1834. Cardiomya ornatissima DAL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XII, p. 296, 1886; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 66, pl. XI, fig. 21, 1889. A few specimens were found at two stations off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in 48 fathoms. South to Guadaloupe, in 2 to 124 fathoms.— Dall. In addition to the published description it should be stated that the antero-dorsal margin of the right valve rises into a distinct, prominent, obtuse lobe in front of the tooth; this lobe overlaps the margin of the left valve when the shell is closed. There is a small buttress beneath the posterior lateral tooth. One broken valve, considerably larger than the type, has in the intervals between the three primary ribs two or three small secondary ones; on the anterior end six ribs are visible, of which one or two are larger than the rest, so that altogether about thir- teen or fourteen ribs can be counted; some of these are, however, very small and extend only part way to the umbo; even the largest do not extend over the extreme part of the umbo. Mr. Dall considers this species to be identical with D’Orbigny’s orna- tissima, but we see no sufficient reason for uniting the two forms. The name costata was used by Sowerby in 1834. HALONYMPHA STRIATELLA, new species. (Plates LXXII, figs. 2, 3; LXXVII, fig. 10.) Shell small, thin, broadly and obliquely ovate, with a narrow, short rostrum. Umboswollen. Beak behind the middle. The antero-dorsal margin is broadly and nearly evenly convex; the anterior end is evenly rounded; the ventral margin is broadly convex with a slight incurva- ture at the base of the rostrum, which is short, narrow, and obtuse at the end; the postero-dorsal margin is strongly concave and slopes rapidly. In the region of the umbo the surface is lustrous and nearly smooth, but marked with faint, parallel lines; elsewhere it is closely covered with very regular, fine, raised concentric lines separated by incised lines of about the same width or narrower; on the rostrum there is a faint diagonal ridge posterior to which the concentric lines are irregular. The interior surface is smooth and lustrous but the external lines show through by transparency. In the right valve there is a small, sharp, triangular tooth projecting inward with a very small cartilage-pit in front of and confluent with it; slightly farther forward there is another small, slender tooth rising nearly parallel with the No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL.AND BUSH. 811 margin; external to this there are remnants of a small anterior liga- ment occupying a short furrow. Commencing behind the beak and extending to the base of the rostrum, there is a comparatively large and prominent lamelliform process rising from beneath the margin and projecting downward, with the face portion broadly rounded, and its upper surface concave. Above the base of this, and extending from near the beak to about the middle of the rostrum, is a narrow, slightly thickened ridge separated from the dorsal margin by a narrow furrow. Length, 6 mm.; height, 4.5 mm.; breadth, about 3 mm. One valve, station 2655, among Foraminifera, N. lat. 27° 22’, W. long. 78° 7’ 30”, in 338 fathoms, 1886. This species has considerable resemblance to H. claviculata Dall, but the latter is more regularly ovate in form, and has a much shorter and broader rostrum, and somewhat coarser sculpture. The posterior shelf-like clavicle also differs in form, being quite narrow for a consider- able distance next the cartilage-pit, and more expanded distally. The shell described and figured by Smith' under the same name appears to be a distinct species, and may be identical with our shell, for it has nearly the same form and agrees closely in the narrow tapered rostrum. The figure of the interior, however, in that case, is incorrect, owing to the omission of the clavicle, and apparently the substitution of the hinge of the left valve for the right. MYONERA GIGANTEA Verrill. (Plate LXXVI, figs. 4, 5.) Neera gigantea VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, pp. 223, 277, 1884; Expl. Alba- tross, Report U.S. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 574, 1885. Three imperfect, dead specimens have been found at three stations between N. lat. 38° 22’, W. long. 70° 17’ 30”, and N. lat. 37° 56’ 20”, W. long. 70° 57’ 30”, in 1,825 to 1,917 fathoms, 1883 and 1886. MYONERA RUGINOSA (Jeffreys) Verrill and Bush. (Plates LXXII, fig. 4; LXXIV, fig. 2.) Newra ruginosa JEFFREYS, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, p. 942, pl. LX x1, fig. 7, Novem- ber, 1881.—Smiru, E. A., Report Voy. Challenger, Zo6l. Lamellibranchiata, XIII, p. 35, 1885. Shell small, short, broad-ovate, not much swollen, with a short, wide, gaping, obliquely truncate rostrum. Umbos small, prominent, not much swollen; beaks small, prominent, incurved, smooth and shining. The anterior portion is evenly rounded, nearly semicircular; the antero- dorsal margin is convex and prominent; the ventral margin is broadly and evenly rounded, except at the base of the rostrum where it is sin- uous and incurved; the postero-dorsal margin is nearly straight to the ' Report Voy. Challenger Zobl. Lamellibranchiata, XIII, p. 52, pl. rx, figs. 8-8, 1885. 812 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. end of the short rostrum which has a distinet, median, diagonal ridge or angulation and another less distinct one at its base. The surface of the shell is thickly covered with very numerous, and crowded, concentric, more or less irregular, raised lines of growth which give it a finely lam- ellose appearance when viewed under a lens. These lines become more crowded, more prominent, and form two sinuous waves in crossing the rostrum. Color, ip alcohol, white tinged with reddish brown. The hinge-margin is delicate; the right valve has no lateral tooth but shows a slight thickening of the posterior margin; the cartilage-plate is small, ovate, directed backward. Length, 6 mm.; height, 4.5 mm.; breadth, 3 mm. One live specimen (No. 52544), station 2570, N. lat. 39° 54’, W. long. 67° 5’ 30”, in 1,813 fathoms, 1885. ‘¢ Porcupine Expedition, 1870,” off Cape Mondego, in 740 to 1,095 fathoms.—Jeffreys. MYONERA LIMATULA Dall. (Plate LXXIV, fig. 8.) Newra limatula Dau, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., IX, p. 112, 1881.—Smirna, EK. A., Report Voy. Challenger, Zo61. Lamellibranchiata, XII, p. 35, 1885. Myonera limatula DALL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XII, p. 304, pl. 11, fig. 5, 1886; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 68, pl. 111, fig. 5, 1889. A single live specimen (No. 38171) was taken at station 2048, N. lat. 40° 2’, W. long. 68° 50/ 30”, in 547 fathoms, 1883. MYONERA (?) PRETIOSA, new species. (Plate LXXVII, fig. 5.) Shell small, very thin and fragile, nearly transparent, compressed, elongate-oval with a well-defined, somewhat elongated rostrum. Umbo prominent, scarcely oblique and nearly smooth. The antero-dorsal mar- gin is convex, anterior end evenly rounded; ventral margin broadly sonvex, becoming incurved at the base of the rostrum; postero-dorsal margin nearly straight. The antero dorsal region is distinctly exea- vated in front of the beaks. The body of the shell is ornamented with ten or more thin, distinct, slightly raised, concentric riblets separated by much wider interspaces. On the rostrum there are two well-marked minutely spinulous keels between which are delicate lines of growth; the first runs from the beak quite close to and parallel with the dorsal margin; while the second extends from the umbo diagonally across the rostum to its lower edge. Length, 6 mm.; height, 3 mm.; breadth, about 2 mm. This shell has no very close resemblance to any hitherto described. One valve, station 2655, N. lat. 27° 22’, W. long. 78° 7’ 30”, in 333 fathoms, among Foraminifera, 1886. As but a left valve was found, the true position of this species can not be decided. NO. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 813 Family POROMYID 44, POROMYA SUBLEVIS Verrill, variety MICRODONTA Dall. (Plates LXXVI, figs. 1, 2; LXXXVII, fig. 1.) Poromya sublevis VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, pp. 221, 277, pl. xxx, fig. 21, 1884; Expl. Albatross, Report U. 8S. Com. Fish and Fisheries for 1883, p. 574, pl. xxx, fig. 128, 1885.—Dat., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XII, pp. 281, 282, 1886; XVIII, p. 448, 1889 (variety?); Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 68, pl. LXV, fig. 128, 1889. Poromya microdonta DAL, Proc. U. S.Nat. Mus., XII, p. 290, pl. viit, fig. 6, 1889 (variety ?). Shell rather large, thick, well-rounded, cordate, inequivalved, very tumid, with very large, prominent umbos which are strongly curved forward spirally; beaks large; lunule small, cordate, often not very distinct. The shell varies considerably in outline and size and eleva- tion of the umbos; in most specimens the height equals or slightly exceeds the length; the outline of the cavity of the shell is usually somewhat elliptical, the length decidedly exceeding the height, but sometimes it is nearly circular. The anterior and posterior margins are usually pretty evenly rounded; the ventral margin usually projects a little in the middle; the beak is situated in front of the median line. Externally the shell is nearly smooth and is covered with a thin, closely adherent, brownish-yellow epidermis; under a lens the sur- face shows minute raised points or granules which are arranged in radial rows that become more distinct and crowded posteriorly but for the most part disappear on the most prominent part of the umbos. These granule-like points are variable in number and distinctness, in some specimens being nearly obsolete and in others distinct and regu- larly arranged; the epidermis often also shows fine lines of growth; the beaks are smooth and shining. The left valve has a posterior, wave-like, radial depression, and behind this a low, rounded ridge projecting at the margin as a slight siphonal lobe; in the right valve, the corresponding lobe and depression are only faintly marked in most eases. The right valve is larger than the left and overlaps it consider- ably along the ventral margin and both in front of and behind the beaks. The interior is pearly and often shows radial striations. The hinge-margin is considerably thickened and strongly curved; the right valve has a large, thick, somewhat rounded tooth just beneath tlie beak and adnate to the inner surface of the shell, for some distance within the cavity of the beak and to the thickened edge behind the beak, but separated from the anterior margin by a deep, curved furrow in the lunular area; the lunular margin is convex and somewhat everted, separated from the rest of the anterior margin by a slight notch. The ligament is rather long and well-rounded and its groove extends for- ward in a curved furrow under the beak; it extends backward ina curved line parallel with the margin of the shell for some distance 814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. behind the tooth. External to the posterior part of the ligament there is a submarginal thickening or fold, especially in the right valve. In the left valve the central tooth is represented by an irregular, bilobed, or somewhat V-shaped thickening of the margin, of which the anterior part, situated just in front of the beak, is the more prominent; but this varies in form in different specimens. The postero-dorsal margin along the ligamental region is less thickened but has a distinet rounded ridge inside the ligament. Length of one of the largest specimens, 16 mm.; total height, 16 mm.; height of cavity, 12 mm.; breadth,16 mm. In a more rownded speci- men the length is 15 mm.; total height, 16 mm.; height of cavity, 13.5 mm.; breadth, 14 mm. A few dead specimens of the typical form (sublevis) have been taken at five stations between N. lat. 39° 15’, W. long. 68° 8’, and N. lat. 37° 56’ 20’, W. long. 70° 57/ 30”, in 1,594 to 1,917 fathoms, 1883-1886. Several live and dead specimens of the varietal form (microdonta) have been taken at eight stations between N. lat. 39° 26’, W. long. 68° 3/ 30”, and N. lat. 36° 47’, W. long. 73° 9’ 30”, in 1,631 to 1,859 fathoms, 1885-1886. Mr. Dall extends the range south to Patagonia, in 122 to 1,635 fathoms. Our specimens show considerable variation in form as well as in the prominence of the cardinal tooth in the right valve, and thus unite the extreme forms P. sublevis Verrill, and P. microdonta Dall. CETOCONCHA ATYPHA, new species. Shell short-ovate, nearly equilateral. and nearly equally rounded at both ends, judging from the lines of growth. Umbos rather prominent, but less so than in several allied species. Beaks rather prominent and curved strongly forward, but not spiral. Surface somewhat shining and slightly iridescent where rubbed, covered with a very thin, yellow- ish epidermis with very numerous, minute, granule-like elevations which are arranged in regular radiating lines, and are much the most numer- ous on the posterior end where the radial rows are closely crowded and the granules in each are also near together; on the center the rows and granules are more distant, so that the number is only about half as great in the same space; on the anterior end they are so scattered that the radial rows are indistinct and the granules are a little larger; on the lunular area they are nearly obsolete. The anterior end and lunu- lar area are marked by rather conspicuous lines of growth which, near the dorsal margin, take the form of distinct, raised, concentric ridges. The antero-dorsal margin is nearly horizontal and rises up, in a side view, in an acute edge, a little higher than the level of the beak, so as to produce a broad, compressed, lunular margin. When viewed from above, this part of the margin forms a very marked obtuse angle with the posterior hinge-margin. The postero-dorsal margin is also nearly NO. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 815 horizontal, slightly convex or nearly straight; the ligament is very prominent behind the beak, extending backward in a conspicuous groove nearly to the posterior end, and terminates anteriorly in a deep narrow groove directly under the beak. In the left valve the inner edge of the posterior hinge-margin is somewhat sinuous; just behind the beaks, opposite the most prominent part of the umbos, it is thick- ened and somewhat revolute, decreasing both in thickness and eleva- tion to a shallow indentation of the margin; back of this, it increases regularly in thickness and prominence and is again revolute along the posterior part of the ligamental furrow. There is no central tooth nor any distinct resilium. In the right valve the posterior hinge-margin is even more thickened and revolute just back of the beaks, and the in- dented, thinner portion, at the end of the prominent part of the liga- ment, is more marked. The ligamental groove is consequently less conspicuous, being partially concealed by the revolute margin. The antero-dorsal margin is compressed and projects strongly upward, rising distinctly above the umbos in a side view and is more convex than in the left valve. There is also a slight elevation within the dor- sal margin directly below the beaks, which might be considered the rudiments of a tooth. The largest specimen, when perfect, would be about 15 mm. long. Two very much broken valves, station 2229, N. lat. 37° 38’ 40”, W. long. 73° 16’ 30”, in 1,423 fathoms, 1884, This species somewhat resembles Cetochonea nitida (Verrill)! Dall. It is however more oblong, with the umbos much smaller and less prominent and the beaks less spiral and nearer together. The granu- lation of the surface is somewhat stronger and more generally distrib- uted. The ligamental groove is longer, deeper, and the ligament itself is more prominent behind the beaks. The angulation of the hinge-mar- gin of the left valve in a horizontal plane is a peculiar feature not found in the other related species and indicates that the valves are decidedly unlike in form, but the right valve is too much broken to show the anterior margin. CETOMYA species. A broken left valve (No. 52013) from station 2481, N. lat. 44° 7/ 30”, W. long. 57° 16/ 45”, in 116 fathoms, resembles Poromya (Cetomya) elongata Dall, from the West Indies and Barbados, in 100 to 119 fath- oms. It is, however, too incomplete for determination without direct comparison with authentic specimens. It is larger and more strongly truncate posteriorly than Poromya granulata (Nyst) Forbes and Hanley, and the granules are coarser and not so numerous. It differs, moreover, very strongly in the hinge characters, for the hinge-plate is much thinner and the large tooth in the left valve is wanting in our species. ' Thracia nitida Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, p. 221, pl. xxxu,, fig. 22, 1884. ? Cetochonca nitida Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XII, p. 281, 1886. 816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Family VERTICORDID 4s. VERTICORDIA GRANULIFERA (Verrill) Dall. (Plates LXXXVII, fig. 2; XCV, figs. 2, 3, 4.) Pecchiolia granulifera VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, pp. 484, 448, 450, 1885. Verticordia granifera DALL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XII, p. 286, 1886. Verticordia granulifera DALL, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 66, 1889. In addition to the published description, it should be stated that in the type-specimen (No. 44838), the lunular area is small, deeply sunken, with the corresponding internal margin very much thickened, forming a strong, curved, tooth-like projection having a rounded summit, reach- ing strongly above the margin of the shell when seen in a profile view; behind this, directly under the beak and beneath the overhanging margin, there is a triangular space or notch for the reception of the prominent tooth of the opposite valve; this is followed posteriorly by a Short, triangular, shelf-like projection, a little beneath the margin, which has a depression on its upper surface for the reception of its ligament but shows, in this specimen, no notch or scar corresponding to the ossicle. Directly under the strongly incurved beak there is a slight, thin groove in which the front part of the ligament was attached. The postero-dorsal edge is a little thickened and projects inward beyond the general line of the margin; its outer surface has a smooth, slightly excavated groove, extending parallel with the edge, for some distance; this portion was overlapped by the projecting edge of the opposite valve. A very large specimen (No. 78679) from station 2713, which measures 21 mm. in length, 224 mm. in height, and 10 mm. in thickness, has, in the right valve, directly beneath the beak, a very strong, high, curved, pointed, angular tooth attached by a very broad, thick base, a con- siderable distance within the margin. Behind the ossicle, well within ~ and nearly parallel with the margin for its entire length, is a conspicu- ous shelf-like ridge against which the projecting edge of the opposite valve rests. The ossicle is strong, somewhat rectilinear in outline, with the posterior end deeply forked, the inner surface strongly con- vex, the outer strongly concave, with thick, somewhat beveled edges, to which the ligameut is attached. Interior surface somewhat pearly. Scars and pallial line not very clearly defined. But four specimens, beside the type, have been found at four stations between N. lat. 40° 9’ 30’, W. long. 67° 9’, and N. lat. 36° 47’, W. long. 73° 9! 30”, in 1,356 to 1,859 fathoms, 1884-1886, No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 817 Family LYONSIHLLID. LYONSIELLA SUBQUADRATA (Jeffreys.) (Plate LXXXVJU, fig. 3.) Pecchiolia subquadrata JEFFREYS, Proc. Zo6]. Soc. London, p. 982, pl. Lxx, fig. 3, November, 1881.—Not Dat, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XII, p. 272, 1886. Our specimen seems to agree in every respect, except size, with the original description and figure as given by Jeffreys, ours being consid- erably larger. . The umbo is prominent and the beak is curved strongly forward, pro- ducing a deep lunular area which is defined neither by a groove nor aridge. The surface is everywhere covered with small but prominent granules which are numerous, pretty evenly spaced, and arranged somewhat distinctly in radiating rows which, under the microscope, are defined by slight radial ridges uniting those of the same row. The granulations are easily visible with slight enlargement. Under the compound microscope they have the form of elevated, acute cones and blunt tubercles, their height usually greater than their diameter, except on the umbo, where they are low and rounded. Internally the surface is everywhere marked with small, deep pits looking like punctures made by a fine needle, and corresponding to the external granules. The hinge margin is thickened and entirely edentulous, as described by Jeffreys. Posterior to the beak there is a distinct groove in the thick- ness of the margin for the reception of a ligament. Beneath the beak there is a slight, oblique, marginal notch or slit for the reception of the resilium, running back within and underneath the dorsal margin, so that it is searcely visible in a direct front view. This shell appears to be identical with the species originally described and figured by Jeffreys under the name of Pecchiolia subquadrata. Mr. Dall has evidently found an entirely different species in the Jef- frey’s collection under this name, which he has referred to the genus Callocardia and subgenus Vesicomya, belonging to an entirely different family from our shell. In order to avoid confusion the shell examined and described by Mr. Dall should receive a distinct specific name; we therefore propose Callocardia ( Vesicomya) dalli. Mr. Dall states that ‘the sparsely set, microscopic tubercles can only be observed with a magnifier; to the eye the surface looks shining and smooth,” which shows the surface to be quite different from that of our shell. In his shell there are also two cardinal teeth in each valve. One valve (No. 78800), station 2714, N. lat. 38° 22’, W. long. 70° 17’ 30/7, in 1,825 fathoms, 1886. North of the Hebrides, in 542 fathoms; and off Cape Mondego in Vigo Bay, in 740 to 1,095 fathoms. “Porcupine Expedition, 1869-70,”— Jeffreys. Proe; IN, M,, vol. xx. 52 818 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, LYONSIELLA CORDATA, new species. (Plate XCV, figs. 7, 8.) Shell rather large and firm for the genus, somewhat translucent bluish white, swollen, cordate, with a posterior obtuse prominence. Umbos prominent, turned forward spirally; beaks small, strongly incurved. Lunule smail, cordate, defined only by one of the ordinary fine radial ridges; the part that lies immediately under the beak is deeply sunken with the edge pinched up into a prominent keel. The antero-dorsal margin is strongly convex and prominent in the Junu- lar region, but not so high as the umbos; the anterior margin is but slightly convex and nearly perpendicular to the axis of the shell; the ventral margin is strongly convex and somewhat produced in the mid- dle, farther back it is but slightly convex; the posterior end is obtusely rounded, decidedly prominent but not angular; the postero-dorsal mar- gin is a little convex and slopes gradually. The surface is covered with about sixty delicate, radiating, raised lines or riblets which are crossed by fine lines of growth, the thin, brownish or grayish green epidermis often rising into small points at their intersection, especially anteriorly and posteriorly; these riblets become coarser and more dis. tant anteriorly, and are lacking on the lunule. The ligament is thin and strong and extends backward along nearly the whole of the dorsal margin and curves spirally under and around the beak in the region of the resilium, so that the two come almost in contact. The hinge mar- gin, in front of the beak and lunular area, is strongly convex and pro- tuberant, rising nearly to the height of the umbo; posteriorly it is convex and thin in both valves; in the ieft one it is strengthened by a slight marginal rib within the ligamental furrow; both of these are less evident in the right valve. There are no teeth in either valve. The ossicle is relatively large, oblong, somewhat saddle-shaped, narrowest and truncated anteriorly, broadest and forked posteriorly, the divisions acute. The resilium beneath the ossicle is well developed, dark brown, and extends forward and upward to the margin, beneath the beak. Length of the largest specimen, 11 mm.; height, 12mm. Another is 11 mm. long; 11.5 mm. high; 9 mm. broad. Two living specimens and one valve, at three stations between N. lat. 39° 15’, W. long. 68° 8’, and N. lat. 37° 38/ 40’, W. long. 73° 16’ 30”, in 1,423 to 1,825 fathoms, 1854-1886. Family LYONSID A. LYONSIA GRANULIFERA, new species. (Plate XCV, fig. 1.) Shell oblong, truncated posteriorly, narrowed and rounded anteriorly. Umbo rather prominent with the beak in front of the middle and curved forward; lunular area considerably sunken. Anterior end evenly NO. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 819 rounded with the dorsal margin rapidly sloped; ventral margin broadly and evenly rounded; posterior end somewhat obliquely truncated with- out any definite boundary, but with a distinct depression extending from under the beak to about the middle of the posterior margin; postero- dorsal margin nearly straight, longer, and sloping less rapidly than the anterior. The entire surface is covered with minute, irregular, raised, granules and pretty distinet, but irregular, lines of growth and slightly raised, distant, thin, radiating lines running from the umbo to the margin, except on the posterior end where the lines of growth become more prominent; these radial lines are however, in many places, rather faint and seem to consist mainly of the thin, brownish epidermis, which is lacking in certain parts. Minute grains of sand and shells of Foram- inifera are firmly adherent to the surface, mainly along the radial lines, and especially posteriorly. The interior is white, lustrous and but slightly nacreous. Muscular and pallial scars indistinct. The hinge-margin is thin; in the left valve the anterior border is somewhat thickened in the lunular area and terminates abruptly in a rounded, tooth-like shoulder just under the beak; the posterior margin shows a slightly raised elongated, roughened area for the attachment of the resilium, commencing under the beak and running back for some dis- tance within the margin, on its nearly vertical inner surface, so that it is scarcely visible in a front view. Ossicle not observed. Ligament very thin, occupying a groove along the posterior margin. Length, 19 mm.; height, 13 mm.; breadth, 9 mm.; from the beak to the antero-dorsal angle, 7 mm.; to the postero-dorsal angle, 12 mm. One valve (No. 52561), station 2492, N. lat. 45° 22’, W. long. 58° 43’ 45’, in 75 fathoms, 1885. This species is allied to L. arenosa (Moller) with which it agrees very closely in the character of the external surface and structure of the hinge. It differs in its longer, more ovate form, in its more produced anterior end, and in its less swollen umbo. Family PANDORID 4. CLIDIOPHORA INORNATA, new species. (Plate XCV, figs. 5, 6.) Shell small, much compressed, very inequilateral, posterior end nar- rowed, somewhat accuminate, the right valve flat or slightly convex and the left valve a little swollen. Umbos not prominent; beaks small and appressed. ‘The antero-dorsal margin is slightly convex and slopes rapidly to the bluntly rounded anterior end; the ventral margin is broadly rounded and slightly prominent, considerably behind the middle, beyond which it is incurved to meet the posterior rostral angulation; the posterior end is produced into a short, narrow, sub- truncated, slightly upturned rostrum, its lower angle formed by a some- what prominent, radial rib or ridge, extending from the beak (on the 820 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, left valve); the postero-dorsal margin is usually slightly concave, but is sometimes nearly straight, and in some cases decidedly concave, and slopes gradually to the superior angulation of the rostrum; the liga- mental area is narrow, deep, and long, extending for nearly the entire length of the dorsal margin, and is clearly defined by a marginal ridge which is sharper on the left valve. In most specimens this valve is marked by a slight, ill-defined groove running from the beak to the antero-ventral margin, where it often forms a slight emargination, but is often scarcely discernible, except by the change in the direction of the lines of growth and character of the epidermis. The surface of the left valve is covered with irregular concentric ridges and rather uneven lines of growth; the right valve usually shows rather regular, concen- tric undulations on which are numerous fine, pretty regular, lines of growth; this valve is also usually marked by faint, and rather indis- tinct, radiating, impressed lines which are more. or less broken and often branched or forked; these are scarcely visible without a lens. Epidermis thin, brownish yellow, usually mostly peeled off in dry speci- mens, but on the anterior end, in front of the radial groove, it is a little more persistent. In the left valve the anterior tooth is strong and prominent, with the proximal end the thicker, more elevated, rounded or clavate; distally it is curved and diverges considerbly from the antero-dorsal margin; between this tooth and the resilial pit, -there is a small central tooth only a little elevated. The resilial pit is directed obliquely backward, and its cavity is obliquely upturned, forming a distinct excavation on the inner surface of the posterior tooth with which it is conflnent; this posterior tooth is simply a dis- tinetly thickened and slightly elevated portion of the postero-dorsal margin, which forms the boundary of the ligamental area, it is often, but not always, opposite the position of the resilial pit. In the right valve the anterior tooth is a slightly raised, somewhat curved ridge on the inner surface of the shell, running to the middle of the anterior muscular sear; the central teoth is shorter and much more elevated, most prominent at its inner end; between these two teeth there is an additional, slightly raised, tooth-like ridge; the posterior tooth is about as long as the anterior, and much more elevated and stouter, its distal end being the thicker and higher, with a distinct angular summit; the oblique resilial pit is excavated out of its anterior surface. The ossicle is somewhat elongated, curved or crescent shaped. The interior of the shell is only slightly Justrous and shows but little iridescence. Length of one of the largest specimens, 19 mm.; height, 11 mm.; thickness, about 3 mm. Found in considerable numbers at twenty-three stations, north of Cape Cod, off Stellwagens Bank, and off Chatham, in 10 to 43 fathoms, 1872-1881. This species, which is common in the vicinity of Cape Cod, has prob- ably been confounded, hitherto, with C. trilineata Say, and C. goul- diana Dall. From the latter, which occurs abundantly in the same No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 821 al region, it differs in its much smaller size, much less iridescent interior, straighter postero-dorsal margin, less upturned rostrum, and narrow, or more accuminate, posterior half of the shell. The hinge also differs in several respects. KENNERLIA BREVIS, new species. (Plate LXXXVIII, figs. 7, a, b.) Kennerlia glacialis VERRILL, Notice of Recent Add. to Mar, Invert., Pt. 2, Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, p. 397, 1881; Trans. Conn. Acad., V, p. 567, 1882; VI, p. 277, 1884.—Da 1, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 68, 1889 (in part). Shell short, sublunate, very inequilateral, obtuse at both ends, slightly narrowed anteriorly, The antero-dorsal margin is short and slopes rather rapidly to the anterior end, where it forms an obtuse angle with the ventral margin which is broadly and nearly evenly rounded, and passes into the rounded posterior margin without angulation, but some- times with a slightly sinuous curve below; there is also, sometimes, a very slight sinuosity anteriorly; the postero-dorsal margin is nearly straight. The left valve is rather convex, moderately thick, nearly smooth, with a distinct, narrow radial ridge running from the beak to the posterior end. The right valve is smaller, concave or nearly flat, lunate, widest behind the middle, regularly curved ventrally or faintly sinuate anteriorly; its surface is marked by lines of growth and crossed by radial grooves, of which about ten are very distinct, while many others, much finer, can be seen with a lens. In the right valve the hinge consists of two small, divergent teeth, both of which are directed posteriorly. The rather thin, elongated posterior one, in a profile view, is obtusely triangular, its highest point distal to the middle; the slender resilium is attached to this, nearly the whole length of its anterior side, and carries a long, narrow ossicle. The cardinal tooth directly under the beak, is much shorter and somewhat thicker, with its highest point near the proximal end which is close to the dorsal margin. There is also a slightly elevated, rather indistinct, anterior submarginal ridge, parallel with the margin, which supports a slender ligamental groove. In the left valve the hinge consists of a submarginal, thickened, blunt anterior tooth, running forward subparallel with the margin, and a posterior submarginal thickening or ridge having the resilium attached to its anterior side; the V-shaped space is relatively very wide and is not divided by any distinct intermediate ridges, such as occur in typical Pandora, The resilium appears to be simple, not divided in a V-shaped form as in the latter genus. Length of one of the largest specimens, 11.5 mm.; height, 7 mm.; thickness, 3 mm. Found in small numbers at about ten stations between N. lat. 40° 15’ 30”, W. long. 70° 27’, and N. lat. 35° 10’ 40’, W. long. 75° 6/10”, in 58 to 100 fathoms, 1880-1886. This species, which is southern in its range, is closely related to the 822 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. northern A. glacialis (Leach) with which it was formerly identified. It isa smaller, shorter, and more inflated species, with a shorter and more sloping antero-dorsal margin and a more evenly curved ventral margin, without the distinct antero-ventral indentation seen in that species. The convex valve has a distinet, posterior radial ridge which is faint or lacking in A. glacialis. There are also differences in the hinge, in the right valve of the latter the teeth are more divergent, ete. Doctor Carpenter, who established the group Kennerlia, defined it as differing from typical Pandora in having an ossicle on the cartilage or resilium, and radial grooves on the right valve. Perhaps the simple linear form of the resilium in Aennerlia and its forked or V-shaped form in true Pandora (type P. rostata Lamarck) may be of more impor- tanee. The intermediate ridge in the left valve of Pandora fits between the two divisions of the V-shaped resilium. There is also in Aennerlia a small, buttress-like projection within the margin, under the beak, which supports an inward projecting portion of the ligament, darker in color than the resilium. Family PERIPLOMID-®. PERIPLOMA AFFINIS, new species. (Plate LXXXVII, fig. 4.) Shell thin, fragile, broad-ovate, with the beaks behind the middle and with a short, narrowed posterior end. The antero-dorsal margin is broadly convex: anterior end nearly evenly rounded, but slightly produced in the middle; ventral margin evenly convex to the base of the rostral region where it becomes slightly incurved; posterior end much narrowed, compressed and produced into a short, blunt rostrum with the edges gaping slightly at the end; postero-dorsal margin nearly straight, sloping rapidly to the angle of the rostrum; a faint diagonal ridge extends to the lower rostral angle, posterior to which the shell is smoother than elsewhere and marked with several faint, radial riblets. The general surface is covered with irregular, uneven and often rather faint, concentric undulations, separated by rather wide concave intervals which, like the elevations, are covered by thin, elevated lines of growth. The undulations are most regular on the umbos and become less distinct and more irregular toward the margin and anteriorly, and show by transparency on the interior of the shell. The chondrophore is small, but very prominent, spoon-shaped, narrow at the base and expanded distally, with a nearly round resilial pit. The ossicle is well developed, bent into a crescent shape, and so formed as to fit into the small rounded notch in the shell margin in front of the chondrophores. A somewhat elevated submarginal ridge extends forward from the notch and serves to support the thin ligament; a similar but less prominent ridge extends backward from the chondro- phores and defines a distinct ligamental groove. ~ No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 893 Length of the largest specimens, 15 nm.; height, 10 mm.; breath, 8 min. Three specimens were found at three stations, off Marthas Vineyard, in 100 to 115 fathoms, 1880-81. This species resembles P. undulata in sculpture, but the latter is narrower and longer in form, and has a more decidedly longer rostrum; its chrondrophore is shorter and broader, and not so distinetly spoon- shaped distally, while the marginal notch in front of it is relatively mueh smaller. PERIPLOMA UNDULATA Verrill. (Plates LXXIX, fig. 1; LXX XVII, fig. 5.) Periploma undulata VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, pp. 433, 448, 1885. A few specimens were found at six stations between N. lat. 59° 9’, W. long. 73° 3’ 15’, and N. lat. 36° 42’, W. long. 74° 30’, in 541 to 816 fathoms, 1854-1887. Family LIMID J. LIMATULA REGULARIS, new species. Shell small, thin, nearly equilateral, much higher than long, with the hinge-line straight and rather long. Umbos and median part of the shell swollen. Beaks rather prominent, directly incurved. Liga- mental area relatively large, elongated, diamond-shaped, with the pointed end extending nearly to the angles of the hinge-margin, with a central, more sunken, short, rhomboidal ligament-pit which, on a separate valve, forms nearly an equilateral triangle. The anterior and posterior ends are nearly equally curved, a little convex, but slightly narrowed where they join the hinge-margin and form a distinct obtuse angle; on one side, supposed to be anterior, below the angle the mar- gin. is slightly ineurved for a short distance, making this angle less obtuse than the other. The ventral margin is nearly evenly rounded, forming nearly the segment of a circle. The surface is covered with small, elevated, radial ridges separated by concave grooves of greater breadth; in the middle of the shell between ten and twelve of the ridges are distinctly higher and thicker; on each side their size dimin- ishes outwardly, so that near the angles of the hinge they become nearly or quite obsolete, the last ones being mere raised, microscopic threads; in some cases smaller ones alternate with the larger ones, so that the total number can not be definitely determined, but fifty or more can often be counted. There is often no very evident median external sulcus, such as occurs in several related species, but the two or three central radii are often, but not always, distinctly larger than the rest. The radii are crossed by very fine lines of growth not suffi- ciently strong to render them at all nodulose. The inner margin is 824 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. distinctly crenulated along the prominent ventral edge, the crenula- tions corresponding to the external grooves and ridges, but at the ends itis smooth. There is often a distinct, median internal groove, extend- ing from near the beak to the middle of the ventral margin, bordered on each side by a distinct raised ridge, sometimes having an additional groove on their outer sides. The hinge-margin is rather thin, nearly straight, and a little excavated or incurved along the ligamental pit; on each side and considerably within the margin there is a small triangular buttress or shelf-like process extending to the anterior and posterior margins as in the allied species, but rather larger than usual. Length of one of the largest species, 6 mm.; height, 9.6 mm.; thick- ness, about 5 mm.; length of hinge-margin, 3.6 mm. A number of separate valves, station 2265, N. lat. 37° 7’ 40, W. long. 74° 35’ 40’, in 70 fathoms, 1834. This species is allied to Limatula subovata (Jeffreys) Smith,! which is distinguished by its shorter hinge-margin, more contracted form, with stronger and higher radial ribs and well-marked median sulcus. It also lacks the incurvature of the margins below the angles of the hinge. LIMATULA NODULOSA, new species. Shell small, nearly equilateral, vertically ovate, narrowed above, with a comparatively short, straight, hinge-margin. Umbos prominent, a little compressed. Beaks small, a little prominent, directly incurved. Surface covered with radial ribs which are very fine and even on the anterior and posterior ends, but in the middle region, become much stronger and are rendered nodulose by strongly marked, raised, concen- tric lines and grooves. The two median ones are much stronger than the others and are separated by a distinct median suleus. The inner surface is marked by radial ridges and grooves of which the median ones are much the stronger; inner margin crenulated ventrally by the ends of the ribs and grooves. Ligamental area diamond shape with a small, short, rhomboidal ligament-pit in the middle. The hinge-margin forms an obtuse angle at each end, the two nearly or quite equal; internal buttress well developed with the inner margin regularly curved and continuous across the middle, so as to thicken the hinge in this part. Length, 4.5 mm.; height, 7 mm.; thickness, about 4 mm.; length of the hinge-margin, 2 mm. A single valve, among Foraminifera, at station 2385, N. lat. 28° 51’, W. long. 88° 18’, in 730 fathoms, 1885. This species agrees with L. subovata (Jeffreys) Smith almost com- pletely in size and form, but differs very decidedly in the strong, nodu- lose, radial ribs which cover the middle portion of the shell. ' Limea subovata Verrill, Notice of Recent Add. to Mar. Invert., Pt. 2, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, p. 402, 1881. No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 825 LIMATULA HYALINA, new species. Shell small, thin, translucent, vertically ovate, somewhat oblique, and produced postero-ventrally. Hinge-line straight, rather short, forming a well-marked angle at each end owing to the outline of each margin becoming somewhat concave below. Beaks small, acute, in- curved. Umbos prominent, smooth, beyond which the shell is covered with numerous, clearly defined, rather sharp radial ridges, separated by wider concave intervals; from twenty to twenty-five of the radii can be easily counted; toward the posterior margin they become faint and indistinct, while the extreme margin, on both sides, is smooth. The anterior margin is broadly rounded and slopes backward below the middle; the posterior margin is nearly straight or even a little incurved in its upper half, but becomes slightly convex below; the ventral mar- gif is evenly rounded and the edge is slightly scalloped by the radial ribs and furrows. There is no distinct median sulcus or larger ribs. The ligamental area is rather short and broad with a relatively large and thick central ligament which occupies a distinctly excavated pit in the hinge-margin. . Length of one of the largest specimens, 4.5 mm.; height, 7.5 mm.; thickness, 3 mm. A number of live specimens, among Foraminifera, stations 2367 to 2374, N. lat. 29° +, W. long. 85° +, in 25 to 27 fathoms, 1885. This species somewhat resembles Limatula confusa Smith, which was also taken in the north Atlantic and West Indian areas, in 450 to 1,450 fathoms. Our species is, however, more compressed and more oblique, and the radial ribs do not extend to the extreme margins as in the lat- ter. The hinge-margin is also relatively shorter and the ligamental area larger, so that the beaks are more separated. Family PECTINID 2. In this family the classification adopted is that proposed by the senior author in a recent paper on the group.! We give here a brief abstract of the existing genera and subgenera therein described. For fuller discussions of the characters and interrelations of these groups and illustrations of typical species of most of them, reference should be had to that article. In the following synopsis the generic groups are arranged in chrono- logical order, without regard to their zodlogical affinities. 1A study of the family Pectinidie, with a revision of the Genera and Subgenera.” By A. E. Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. of Sciences, X, pp. 48-95 (six plates), July, 1897. 826 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. PECTEN Miller, 1776. Pecten (1st section) KLEIN, 1755 + Vola. Pecten MULLER, Prod. Zoél. Dan., 1776 (pars).—DaCosta, 1778.—BoLTEN, 1798 (restricted).—CUVtER, 1798.—LAMARCK, Syst., 1801.—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Aecad., , pp. 56, 89, 91, 1897. Janira SCHUMACHER, 1817.—DALL, 1886 ( pars).—FISCHER, 1887. Vola H.and A. ADAMS (after KLEIN), 1858.—SroLiczKa, Mem. Geolog. Survey of India, Cretaceous Pelecypod Fauna, III, p. 426, 1871.—Z1rrx., 1881. Vola + Janira CHENU, 1862. Type.—Pecten maximus (Linnzeus). Since Bolten, in 1798, definitely restricted the name Pecten to this group, his restriction has precedence over that of Schumacher. The shells are generally large and heavy, and the valves are very unequal, even when very young. The right valve is strongly convex with a large and much ineurved umbo and beak, while the left valve is flat or even concave, It is usually smaller than the right, and shuts closely inside of its scalloped margin, and its umbo is nearly or quite obsolete. The auricles are of moderate size and not oblique, and in the right valve they are strongly convex or-excurved in the middle. This valve has a sinuous, excurved byssal notch, with obsolete pectinidial teeth. The surface of both valves has strong radial ribs interlocking at the margin. Internally there are angular, thickened, and fluted radial ribs opposite the external grooves; these ribs become more prominent and bicarinate or fluted near the margins. AMUSIUM Bolten, 1798. Amusium BOLTEN, 1798.—MUHLFELDT, 1811.—SCHULIACHER, 1817.—WooDWARD, 1866.—DALL, 1886.— VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., X, pp. 57, 90, 92, 1897. Amussium H. and A. ADAMS, 1858 ( pars).—SToLiczKka, Mem. Geolog. Survey of India, Cretaceous Pelecypod Fauna, III, p. 426, 1871.—Fiscnrr, 1687.— ZITTEL, 1881. Pleuronectia SWAIN, 1840.—CHENU, 1862. Type.—Amusium pleuronectes (Linnzeus). In this very distinct genus the shell is round, thin, nearly smooth, and strongly compressed. The surface is often polished, sometimes lightly radially striated, never strongly ribbed. The margins are sim- ple and thin. The valves may be a little unequal in convexity and usually differ in color and somewhat in sculpture. The valves come together ventrally, but usually gape at both ends. The auricles are small, symmetrical, nearly equilateral, often with lateral crure; the byssal notch is small or absent, pectinidial teeth nearly or quite abor- tive. The adult probably has no byssus. Hinge-plate simple. Interior of valves strengthened by a number of raised divergent ribs, or lire, independent of any external sculpture. NO. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 827 CHLAMYS Bolten, 1798. Chlamys BouTEN, Mus. Bolt., ist ed., p. 165, 1798, restrieted.—FIscHER, 1887 (pars). Pecten SCHUMACHER, 1817 (restricted).—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., X, pp. 58, 89, 91, 1897. Pecten (pars) and Chlamys (pars) H. and A. ADAMS, 1858.—CuENU, 1862.—Z1T- TEL, 1881. Pecten STOLICZKA, 1871 (restricted). Type.—Chlamys islandica (Miiller). The original type of this genus is identical with P. islandicus (Miiller). Therefore this should be adopted, without question, as the true type, as has been done by Fischer and others. The typical species of Chlamys are high, rounded, somewhat oblique, nearly equivalve shells, with large inequilateral and oblique auricles, a large byssal notch, and several pectinidial teeth. The surface is strongly radially sculptured, with both primary and numerous interpolated ribs, increasing in number with age. The ribs are gener- ally crossed by concentric sculpture, often forming rough, seale-like projections. The margins are scalloped and the shell closes rather tightly except at the byssal area. The inner surface has ribs and double flutings, corresponding to the external grooves and radii. The hinge-plate has generally two slightly divergent ribs on each end. PALLIUM Schumacher, 1817. Pallium SCHUMACHER, 1817.—H. and A. ADAMS, 1858,—CuENU, 1862.—STOLICZKA, 1871.—ZITTEL, 1881.—FIscHER, 1887.—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., X, pp. 59, 89, 91, pl. xx1, fig. 4, 1897. Dentipecten RUPPEL, 1835. Type.—Pallium plica (Linneus). The special feature of this very distinct group is the development of several (usually three) well-marked, nearly transverse, blunt teeth, alternating with distinct pits on each end of the hinge-plate. The Shell is elevated, rather thick, with external, large, obtuse or rounded ratial ribs or corrugations, and with internal, angular, double or bicari- nate ribs opposite the external grooves, near the margin. The auricles are small, but high. The hinge-teeth are marked with distinct cross lines. HINNITES Defrance, 1821. Hinnites VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., X, pp. 59, 89, 91, 1897. Type.—Hinnites cortessi Defrance. Shell free and much like Chlamys, when young, but later in life it becomes attached by the right valve and irregular. 828 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL-MUSEUM. VOL. XX. HEMIPECTEN Adams and Reeve, 1849. Hemipecten VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., X, pp. 60, 89, 91, 1897. Type.—Hemipecten forbesianus Adams and Reeve. This group includes species with thin, irregular shells attached by the right valve, like Hinnites, but the attachment is effected mainly by a permanent modified byssus. The posterior auricles are nearly obsolete. The byssal notch becomes irregular and nearly inclosed, as in Anomia. PSEUDAMUSIUM H. and A. Adams, 1858. Pseudamusium (pars) H. and A. ADAMS, 1858 (after KLEIN).—CHENU, 1862.—STO- LICZKA, 1871.—ZITTEL, 1881.— FISCHER, 1887.—DALL, 1886 (pars).—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., X, pp. 60, 90, 92, pl. xv, figs. 8, 8a, 1897 (restricted). Type.—Pseudamusium exoticum (Chemnitz, Lamarck). The typical species of this group have nearly smooth, round, sym- metrical, closed shells with well-defined, small, straight, obtuse-angled auricles. The valves are nearly equal and have nearly simple, even margins. The external sculpture consists of small radial strice or riblets, without strong angular ribs and grooves, and it may differ on the two valves. Some of the species show the fine divergent ‘““camptonectes sculpture” on one or both valves, especially when young. The margin is not scalloped, or but faintly so, and there are no definite internal ribs. The hinge-plate has usually but one longi- tudinal fold on each end which is feeble and nearly parallel with the marginal ligamental groove and is usually cross-lined. The byssal notch is small and the pectinidial teeth vary from one up to five in number, or sometimes may be lacking. CAMPTONECTES Meek, 1864. Camptonectes MEEK, 1864.—STOLICZKA, 1871.—ZITTEL, 1881 (type, arenatus Gold- fuss).—VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., X, pp. 62, 90, 91, 1897. Type.—Camptonectes lens (Sowerby). Shell subovate, plain, not corrugated, and without strong radial ribs; margin nearly plain. Valves subequal. Auricles unequal; byssal notch well developed. Surface of the shell covered with fine, obliquely divergent, curved, crenulated or vermiculated riblets with intervening, narrow, punctate grooves. The curious vermiculated seulpture is not peculiar to this division, but is more or less obvious on the shells of some species of Pseuda- musium, and on species of several other groups, both with and without radial ribs. It is a structural feature that runs obliquely across the ribs and grooves. Most of the species are Mesozoic fossils. The recent Pecten striatus and P. tigrinus Lamarck, of Europe, apparently belong to this group, and P. teste might also well be referred to it. The latter is one of the types of Palliolum which might well be regarded as a section of this genus. No. 1139. DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. LYROPECTEN Conrad, 1867. Liropecten of several later authors. Lyropecten CONRAD, 1867.—VERRILL, Trans. Coun. Acad., X, pp. 63, 89, 91, 1897 Type.— Lyropecten nodosus (Linneus). Shell large and strong, corrugated, with large, fluted, and usually nodose, primary radial ribs, which do not increase in number, and with coarsely scalloped margins. Valves somewhat unequal. PIGAUE Hep RORON Voll. . Solemya grandis Verrill and Bush, p. 885. Exterior of left valve of type specimen No. 51345; x 13. . Thesame. Interior of right valve of an imperfect specimen No. 40103; x 14. Epidermal fringe restored from other specimen. Cryptodon (Axinulus) pygmaus Verriil and Bush, p.792. Exterior of left valve of specimen No. 78368 from station 2697; x 22. The same. Interior of right valve of a smaller specimen from the same station; xX 22. . Nucula cancellata Jettreys, p.854. Exterior of left valve of specimen No. 45795; x 12. }. Chlamys costellata Verrill and Bush, p.835, Exterior of right valve of type specimen No. 52471; xX 9. PLATE LXXXVII- .-Poromya sublevis Verrill, variety microdonta Dall, p. 815. Hinge of a left valve No. 78799; x 5. Verticordia granulifera (Verrill) Dall, p. 816. Interior of a left valve (type specimen) No. 44838; x 4. . Lyonsiella subquadrata (Jettreys), p.817. Interior of a left valve No. 78800; <0) . Periploma affinis Verrill and Bush, p.822. Exterior of right valve of type specimen from station 873; X 4. . Periploma undulata Verrill, p.823. Exterior of left valve of type specimen No. 44840; x 4. 5. Propeamusium thalassinum (Dall) Verrill, p.841. Exterior of upper or left valve of a specimen from station 949; x 16. . Cryptodon (Axinulus) ferruginosus (Forbes), p. 793. Interior of right valve of specimen No. 34860; x 12. The same. Interior of left valve of the same specimen. PLaTE LXXXVIII. Exterior of a left valve from Eastport, Maine, 1870; x about 8. The same. Interior of a right valve from the same locality; x about 8. Cryptodon planus Verrill and Bush, p. 788. Interior of left valve of type specimen from station 254; x 14. . Thesame. Exterior of right valve of the same specimen. . Nucula proxima Say (?) variety ovata Verrill and Bush, p. 852. Exterior of lett valve of specimen No. 73467; X about 12. . Macoma inflata Dawson, p. 778. Exterior of left valvé of specimen No, 524273 <3. . Kennerlia brevis Verrill and Bush, p. 821. a, Exterior of left valve of speci- men No. 40232; b, interior of right valve of another specimen No. 45884; Xx 4. Nucula granulosa Verrill, p. 853. Exterior of left valve of type specimen No. 388451; X about 26. 894 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. PATE TE XeXON Xe Fig. 1. Cryptodon obsoletus Verrill and Bush, p. 789. Exterior of right valve of a Fig. Fig. 2 ee) be | bo or specimen from station 949; x about 20. . The same. Interior of left valve of the same specimen. . Leptaxinus minutus Verrill and Bush, p. 797. Hinge of left valve of type specimen No. 45686; xX 45. . Thesame. Hinge of right valve of the same specimen. The same. Interior of the same valve; x 30: . Cryptodon plicatus Vervill, p. 786. Interior of left valve of a young specimen No. 44826; x 9. . Cryptodon (Axinulus) brevis Verrill and Bush, p. 790. Exterior of left valve of type specimen from station 2208; x about 22. . The same. Interior of right valve of the same specimen. PLATE: Xx: . Cryptodon (Axinulus) inequalis Verrill and Bush, p.791. Exterior of right valve of type specimen from stations 98-99; x about 10. . The same. Interior of left valve of the same specimen. . Cryptodon croulinensis (Jeffreys) Smith, p. 786. Interior of left valve of a specimen from stations 62-65; X about 13. . Thesame. Exterior of right valve of the same specimen. . Avinodon ellipticus Verrill and Bush, p.796. Exterior of right valve of type specimen No. 35175; x about 13. . Thesame. Interior of left valve of the same specimen. . Tellimya ferruginosa (Montagu), p.785. Interior of left valve of specimen No. 49588; x 20. a, Cartilage. . The same. Interior of right valve of the same specimen. RrarmexCie Cryptodon insignis Verrill and Bush, p.785. Interior of a left valve No. 52733 from station 2499; x about 13. . The same. Exterior of a left valve from the same station; x about 1}. ‘ . Montacuta triquetra Verrill and Bush, p. 782. Interior of right valve of type specimen from station 2307; x 24. . Montacuta cuneata Verrill and Bush, p. 782. Exterior of right valve of a specimen from station 2278; x 17. 5. Cryptodon equalis Verrill and Bush, p.788. Hinge of both valves of a speci- men from station 18 Bache; x about 5. . The same. Exterior of left valve of specimen No. 74302; x about 5. . Cryptodon (Axinulus) ovatus Verrill and Bush, p.793. Interior of left valve of type specimen from station 949; x 35. . Kelliella nitida Verrill, p.778. Interior of left valve of specimen No. 37971; Se ue PLATE XO: . Axinodon ellipticus Verrill and Bush, p. 796. Hinge of left valve of type specimen No. 35175; x about 264. . Limopsis sulcata Verrill and Bush, p. 845. Interior of a right valve from station 2199; x 4. . Cryptodon (Axinulus) simplex Verrill and Bush, p. 791. Hinge of right valve of type specimen from station 1093; x about 13. . Thesame. Interior of left valve of the same specimen. . Avinopsis orbiculata Sars, variety inequalis Verrill and Bush, p. 794. Interior of left valve of type specimen from Eastport, Maine, 1872; x about 13. No. 1139 DEEP-WATER MOLLUSCA—VERRILL AND BUSH. 895 Fig. 6. The same. Hinge of both valves of the same specimen; x about 26. 7. Montacuta bidentata (Montagu) variety tenuis Verrill and Bush, p. 779. Interior of a right valve from station 2277; X about 13. 8. Montacuta bidentata (Montagu) variety fragilis Verrill and Bush, p. 780. Tnte- rior of aright valve No. 46134; x 17. 9. Montacuta ovata Jeffreys, p. 781. Interior of aright valve No. 46136; x 20. 10. The same. Interior of a left valve No. 46137; xX 20. PLATE XCIII. Fig. 1. Cryptodon (Axinulus) ovatus Verrill and Bush, p. 793. Hinge of both valves of type specimen from station 949; x 45. 2. Kelliopsis elevata (Stimpson) Verrill and Bush, p. 784. Hinge of a right valve No. 74833 from Naushon; x 30. a, Resilium and ossicle. 3. The same. Hinge of another right valve from the same station, to show variation; x 30. 4, The same. Hinge of both valves of another specimen from the same station; x 30. 5. Montacuta cuneata Verrill and Bush, p. 782. Hinge of both valves from station 2278; x 30. 6. Montacuta tumidula Jeffreys, p. 781. Hinge of a left valve No. 35412; x 30. a, Resilium and ossicle. 7. Montacula bidentata (Montagu), p. 779. Hinge of a right valve No. 74328 from Naushon; x 30. 8. The same. Hinge of both valves of a smaller specimen from the same sta- tion; xX 30. 9. Montacuta striatula Verrill and Bush, p. 780. Hinge of a left valve from station 2276; x 30. Hinge of a right valve from station 2273; x 30. 10. Kelliella nitida Verrill, p. 778. Hinge of both valves of specimen No. 37971; = tcc sie ceeee ses tcieiee a= 808 (CRE Tee ae oo edeerac Eb mocbecss BoCenaneas 776 Bia Oi seduce nos SdoeuseLoDuEees S14 WIIG Bis = sae aces Nana oer Socio ewe. 815 @etomypateccs coset ces otede cee enae eee ence 776 oc cdesa-dee sa cadocondocosseccnses 815 Chlamys. (See also Pecten).-. 776, 827, 830, 831, 833 benedichies-ss-esce 2 cece mes 834 CLMPONLUS = aseccnse cet eee = S25 831, 838 costellatac.n see ecee eee este +2 835 TSLAN GA sisyoers sjareisisie sie = sins = + S47 Cryptod one 2sssse- cen 776, 784, 785, 795, 797 ( (A&aimulus) brevis ---2-- ------- 7 CLOMIMMENSIS (pee eseee lo ee ilesi= 786 WAT HU GUS er ce eieie a= 787 CQ ualightaneseneceste saeco see aa 788 (Axinulus) ferruginosus....-. 793, 794 HEMMOSUS} sees ee oes ess a5 see 784, 788 898 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. Page. Cryptodon)goulldai eae eee eee eee eel 787, 788 RTO) oboe cle ano soousetewoeous 785 (Axinulus) inequalis..........--. 791 imiSieni Steere eee eee eres 785 ODSOLOUISK ere ocesie sae ere sista 789 (Axinulus) ovatus ...--....-.... 793 HEWN Gonnc GaaaoosesoeesapoboNS 788 TNE Sse sad aotousosesouae 786 (Axinulus) pygmeeus .......-.-- 792 SAS UL eye sian ee rere ail a eae 785, 786 (Asanulus) simplex. sce. =.= 791 | SUDOVAUOS I eee eae aan = er 793° | TOLCUOSUS Te sete nie wee le oe 793 | Cryptodontide.-..... ee Ras Via r ts 784, 851 @lenod outa semaee neers sae ee area eae ace ca 850 Ctenodontidse eae cte es ce a cern eee ae eee 850 @ueullariaese sea ce een seeeenrs sete cierteielear 842 eterno ontigiece— ei a tea ee ms 842 Cucuillellinwee 22 oy-cee cesses ere a 851, 880 | Cuspidariam ese see epee sete ree ae 776 | ALCHI CAS Aen a= einem 800, 803 | War wolacialise jonas sare 800 fOTINOS Bee aae tee acer tee sere 803 | meee dadceeboserenee 801, 802, 803 | glacialis-...... waves 799, S00, 801, 802 | lamellosaen see ssaeee ee ose V99 TUNG GUS yes = arcs, ne Mets ome ersten stetete siete 800 ODOSawesase see cess aes 801, 802, 803, 804 HCl Ae ee eno mee Seo seaoS 801 Pellwcidayasacsaseeee hoe eee ee 805 rostrata..... Sefeeeisie, cites Aeee reine 799, 800 SUDSOntaee eects ee see eee entre 806 LULA G PE cag cco aceneososacbases 799 ITC seats oe eictee Sins ai =-eee score ee 779 Kelliella nitidancocesctcsna~ ccc scneeemteeies 77 SD iseeas seen semen aes area see eee 778 Kelliellidae: 2.) 25 -02s25825 coon aceeeee esate 778 KielliOpsisec asc 50 cose cen eee oe en eretee 776, 783 elevate cosas soc shoe es tee eee 784 Kennerliate:.s=.22-o2tne cee oe poe eae 776, 822 DTOWIS . see ce ae dan oe ae eee 821 la cialises sis Saen see ee eos 821, 822 Hedave.wetosss 776, 849, 850, 852, 854, 857, 877, 878, 884 PRO PNIIENE er ae arismr i coms mo co oSo 856 bushiana.-2c seas se se aeeeeereeee S854 Cand atin, S.fe seen stress See oe ere 854, 555 Cuspld ata :=- os sco- see eee ween 854 OXP ANS ees ae cee eae ae eee 871 fluviatilis\cas5-c-5 on acne sae Meee 854 jefire ny Sliaas- sat eens aaa areaette 866 lata: 2s visas so Sieee s cee ae ome Sete 866 lenticulanaecSaeacce ence eee sete etors 866 WMieCid't.s -ossaseceeee eae te mietaeeee eee 861 MESSANEMSIS as crie< ciete le aiel eee 856 ODESO.caces oa beiaakaaeiae eee are 861, 863 Veil Ay ee Aa acco ses cdocan sapeacscos 854, 855 portlandicay sees see eres ae eeeer 857 Trostrata:<54aseoecce eee eee eee 854 subequilateraje-=---en== esses eee eee 871 tenwisuléatay rf » ‘ ey 4 a) f ‘ 4 . : . ¢ ’ ¥ bh . ‘ 2 ar U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX Pv. LXXiIll Deep SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 888. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXIV aI A Sr Zz; 3} U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 889. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXV U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Deep SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 889. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS VOL. XX PL. LXXVI Deep SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 889, 890. U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX _ PL. LXXVII Deep SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 890. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXVIII My Muli seo tera yt NY y)) | WEE ———= ————S, ZB, Deep SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 890. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXIX Ze vt! ‘ ~ SS ~ \ Nis ——= VSS Deep SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SFE PAGES 890, 897. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXX x10 Deep SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 891. J. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXXI DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 891. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXxXIl U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Deep SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 892. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXXIll Deep SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 892. ve" @ i = © i j rn = 4 . » ma Xs @ j ® f als < - * . Py & ' = - Piss paz . ay . . v i it PROCEEDINGS VOL. XX PL. LXXXIV U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 892. i. Sahl. ie ei a oA ti, aha ae | HA Nt Ma,’ ni af U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXXV DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 892, 893. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXXVI DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 893. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXXVII Deep SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 893. . hao es a x" ms PR rf . a ae tle | ae : pie pet). eto e on) = A Si a ty m win ieee? Pe < ay a Lad j i rhe ves U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXXVIII Deep SEA BiVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 893. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. LXXXIX Deep SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 894. U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XC DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 894. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XCl U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 894. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XCIl DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 894, 895. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XCIill DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 895. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XCIV DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 895. “nha | wre =a alr earar..2 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XCV U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Deep SEA BIVALVES. s 895, 896. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE eet ir U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XCVI Sw 2; SASSN AN SS Sos SSE. SSS A PaNaLe Soe ae Tap Tox, Moser 3's pany oer s L g fault! H A ORES ave. SSS oo 33 eS "stave Ae Pa pe aga a. ale ee z: Hoye Beers eg is as at: an (Ce pninaee arenas a! a (4 Lr VAY eres Beep Pyy Hy: oat me ray, peer gn ke; ane ei eg ian a eae a ( UC C3 ey Sais ie) fies Ls ae (hs ti oe cory gy 287 a Las : {} a ivy ivhian, Sled Hf at DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 896. U S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX _ PL. XCVII DEEP SEA BIVALVES. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 896. - ce ’ he a! 2 1S * Yr, % eo ae f : , vat _ . , * - . , ‘ = | ‘ i] ey " ‘ = 4 ie , ry ; — > - - p 1 my . 4 * f 1 ‘ , eat ' 7, ‘ 7 4 } a y 2 t ‘ 4 nar few ‘ - “ a y — : ay : . “ f ia . ra ’ ° - i a F; = Sie i + . z ¥ 4 * me : ‘ a3 rs ‘ i 7 * a i 2 - rs : = ite 5 . 2% P . ‘ 4 7 A 4 7 ¢ : ‘ : 4 s - ? - F . i: t * . , | * = 7 ad ' 4° r a £ - a! 7 Ul ‘ > sd ‘ : : 7 # os 4 ° ne f : : ¢ = é 4 ‘ : ; : Neg : é he » 7 7 7 - = 7 f z ) oe - a - - , . } ' . f ‘ : “TT . on i =A a, i ie .' ‘ - - ee Rane Lacren oe : - ’ , =a — R _ . uy . " i ; : a ae rs : r 1. ven <2 F vy y s 5 y : md ‘wy ‘ ° ¥ e | an ar ; 3 ; aX = ; " 4 rn “, - * I * , > = . PAU Renae aon cee onesie canniowitawsce 776 LONE CPE ORE SSS BAEE BaBSer oo oenpeaed 778 Wa MOI CANA =-.tie2co~ -/ = 892 new vari- Bi yce coer 77 PUES OIG sero caesar ic /oeiem as Syncs omestnc Secs 602 INCOTING See ee e ee 565, 602, 622 | MMe Aeean Sa aocsdepacocuencosce 554, 571 MAMMEDSIS sce sor sicsse soe e eon 554 PAC alia MICTONCM dams. co -2s fess cc cme eos = 629 Acipenser rubicundus -......-.-..---- 507, 521, 544 SUUMIO te cea cine sem eo 507, 508, 542 PALCH GUHA ey ELUM: ate a's aim swine inser e 96 seneo-oculatum ...-.-.-=------< 405 CRESS 5 See Seep soe aSereas 406 bivitiatuM”. =-<2s23.- an cco ke ee ee eee ee 666 ROCK jaa asneteaseae sce 563, 592, 594 | MaAadAcASCarignSis=oeeee esse eee 668 MINCOLENSIS 2.5 —- Assets oe 563, 583 ATAU US oom is sc = sree 2 ate a ae se 662, 663, 664 panayensis: -:.-..-..-- 563, 577, 579, 583 MODUS ezs- hacsste is c/s Sse ees 667, 675 SHORE ee Se ee os ASE ee eS 563,588 | MORVECICUBI> = + -oc--4545- sce ee eee 662, 663 ROMMOLOUSIS hata aa oe = 569,573 | NOSUPAS MIN OL: 225-- sess ee eee 662 JAH TNS cot Soar Bo Oe COO Ree ERO aOoseess 565, 601 pallipes; tsos-2 oe marae cee es ace 667 LGUGOPASTOR! wenn sees emo == 561, 572 var, fulcisiana ---2-2-.-- 667 Artemisia ludoviciana .....---..---------- 48 | IM BN US eee hoe coee eee ee 683, 684 tridentata. +2s--.-.-2 729, 730, 740, 741, 743 | DIGDOJUS seo os oe occ ae Coe oe 676 ANSON Ric CaS anche be saooe a asaeeencenee 5, 14 | DUCISSe ote soca cc bases e caeee 671, 672 MONGAN TSS mck ose cecs ee 12, 394, 404, 412 quadricarinabusios.---5----sssee° 677 MEWS CNUS wines sasase ae see 394 quinquecarinatus...-.........-.. 677 PAS UN CIO suse eis oss especie se eeiee emcees oe 644 MUP OSUS! one aa oases San ls cece eee 667 observations on ..-....-----.--- 643 BOLTACUS EH Meh iseis clea sec bin cls sacle 670 PAIS UAC UR aoe ot oe se Snitaaciees os Rice c's 644, 686 Similsee esse sae eee ses seat eas 665 BAIS GUC OICOS asa mae eee aie sane aim alm ani 668 UASMANICUS,.5 5-505 42s ssc sees hoe 676 DiGsrintnse pence oe ee c ace 673 TOMOEMLOSUB et cee se a mieeeee oes 667 COUGOU ema nce ee esse ceacee 668 | GOLEM 5 sts o staes ceei- eee emis 666 madagascariensis -...----- 668, 669, 671 WON Oo eal eae See oOne rOsecee acne 666 MIO DIAS) Sess = Sonics she win be cect 675 | ZEMAN CiCUSA aa stesacecae seme ee 680 PIGbeIUs see ac eee eee aes G72; O16: | A starte aerariansoasssc5fsce~ = sacs cece cs 631 RELETGON Reese AG joes eon tomes 670 | MAN Ds ae see eee me oe enone ees 798 spinlifer 2... .- Sanancae Aeqapenes OOM PATS bar ti 26 oo sare /6 cecisscicsin sis sis sacle nice eee 798 HON eAL WS = 8 Se Pe salle aio GSIEtiASLOLOIN Ga ec me cece _ os oes = cote eee ae 634 TEAlANGICUS) sees mee a a= == oe = GEIS) SA Stir San ee twists = haiscis joe d's aocesecsia sine 565 PAIS ACODSIS Ee aee aeeecsetcnc ne = fas ae 669, 675, 676 SO]GENSIN@ eae wet noe esos se eiae ae 554 AUR aAliensisacsce ose esas aes 675 GEUVAT GALS (je 2 6's sts =ssinists lwo ssisin= oem 554,571 MICAMIN SOON cece ae siete 1-2-1 GiGi Pe AUD SANS = orks he slo eteele ee ate os saimsicce 721 PEMA setse sie ae ee se erelae G69 GTI G7or iP eAtrachelacrin: 322-55. e554 4-5 sectiesece see 4 MODUS Seaaeaee aa seme 670, 675, 676 EMNIe olOw senses sSiscdac 406 paramattensis ...:-:---.--..-- Hi) ANRC cone no dea penis cb habe oceanEeegaconse 635 OA Ney ets Gesseo en sseaseda5 so sone 676 DLAZUICNSIS m= eteena ei eee 631 PREISS aye ees e a ae elena 6725) “Auricula neumayti sc. sso--55-2---+4-.0-- 641 quadricarinatus .......--..... Chi | eAustralian) crayishi> 3. ccnct- src /emececee 670, 674 quinquecarinatus..-.......--- 677 | Aviculopecten occidentalis .....-.....-.-- 639 SEA) JS SaaS pa an aasoceGebae 6705), cAxin ea; DINCMINIS ig. 1 wns mine seen sete 631 SpMilers se. so -ecssmeeysncese ss 670 PIADASENSIS = <6 oso cse se eine nee 631 STOO RENE he geen ao orm Aes eee G70 Gio MAK INOG OM se oes arre meee e atlas racine 776 SVGNCYENSIS! s-2- o1-se oe he 675 elliptious2<-222 sa i.- se smisic!= ayes 894 PaASMANICHS 2 ss cece see 676 NEW: SPOCIES == --s-cen 795, 796 Aa CUS eee see ee aoa 643, 644, 662. 663, 664, 665 TEN eM MSc ee esse sgcsoonsends 795 RUM p Roce sagoceas senas soenees aes 6485 | PA INO PSISS me reas lease mine ale a a ieee 776, 795 Gite Secbaqeecesen seus secse eee 651 CORTALS 2 cece: isiecns.scscsosse's 896 STII US eee era ye eine fat ote et a= ace 670 NEW SPECS 2-2 ae cene 795 ASUACUS oa acre cae ee eee ees 663, 667, 689 OLDICUIATA Kose eee ee ee see 792, 794 ausiralasiensis: -.4.22-02-.~ =. 675, 688, 689 var. inequalis.-..-..-. 894 anstraliensisi< sac c=\0-o-coess~- 4 675 new variety 794 PSITtON ees. a. cena ee eS pone O44 5 GO Me Atcammltis a2 cece} 524 BaSsilan-Jsassedsas cee PE ACnee Gootonsece 593 | Bothriocephalus angusticeps..-...-...---- 437 Bothy alee cass seeaceeeas eae a 776, 842 | infundibuliformis. ...... 434 abySSOrumbaceeeieaae ns 843, 844, 890 proboscideus..-.-....... 434 new species.....-.. 843 | Bothus maculatus...--...2---...--..2---- 428, 430 ATION AA es nee sae ae 843,890 | Bourns,-Frank:S:225-52 sess. nsoseetsescee 618 new species.......--- 844 on Philippine ornithol- CUIGDLCMSISH soem gece eater 843 OL Yeas ocae oaee toe 549 @laciallis tassecenaosesin eases ae 843 | Brachycoryna pumila ...-...-5-.2:2:----- 485 Slomeru lass aoe spree a 843) 844. |) Brachyptenyx:-2545-6s--- eee ee se eee 565, 622 AMA AB Atel arnt jenn rare coke eae 843 brunneleepsa-ss-2-s ee eee 561, 577 inseequiscnl ptas.<.--- 222: -- 2... 843, 844 poliogzyna- 2-722: tess-o= 561, 586, 591 pectunculoides..-....-.-.- 842845890) |niBradynotes) 455s ena se eee 5, 6, 11, 80 var. crenulata - 843 | CATES eres ete 81, 84, 85, 408 freilei..-.. 843 | NREW SPeCles\----- 5-5 83 grandis... 842, 843 expletancwson Sewer ae 81, 408 orbiculata. 843 | new species----...-.. 84 septentrio- hispida ~~...<- 80, 81, 83, 84, 88, 404, 408 -Dalis ..- 843 | MOntADUS= cn 4-e ee See eee 394, 404 polyeymalcs.o-s2-a-eeee eee 843 | Obesaici .ce sce eee 80, 81, 87, 89, 404, 408 profundicola.-...-:..-...- 843, 844, 890 | OPIMUS=soee ewes see eee 83, 87, 88, 404 PLCS Ae so-so eee 843 | EIN Pwiss sees eee 81, 87, 88, 89, 408 Batissa dubia) ---- 52 seen. -c6 Seeeisn =i 37 | new Species -.----.-.- 85 WE W DOE Yale nj~ ole oeteteleniesiwa tite larn 637 | retertaz.:o- $2 sete eee 81, 91, 408 Batrachostomus-<- co. ~~ eo oe 565, 602, 622 | new species ......--.- 88 TINGE Se ComdaseEeounsaas 555, 573 satur’= tn -2aeceee sees eee 81, 408 J AMONSIS haps sia eee ately ate 535, 573 NeW SPEClesS* == - 2-2-2 === 89 MENALE esa eee ea sell te HOON itl BTOCESLUPUStesem ase oe ein Nae eee 604, 607 microrhynchus ...--..--. 555, 588 CHINENSIS <= sea ose eee eee 607 SOP Gls +. erecta oa 55d) 594, ) Bubalus mindorensisiesas--eeeee seeeeeees 585, 587 EVEN eso sob ole Ssh Oooo sonSnOlos se qeene=acl 5693622, |"Bubo' soi. sso sacar ces eee aacee ee 565, 591, 602, 622 IMG Opats cs - eee eee 554, 571, 572, 583 MAO WME ns Sedo ore noose acu SSsecbac 555, 594 PNAS MMUNOS LIS ese late ai = aie ele 554 Dip PeUsisteces ee ecee eee eee eee 550 Bean, Barton A., on new blenny-like fish Bubwleasii2ss2c25 Saect ee eee ees 565 collected in Vulcano Bay, Port Coromandus:+2=---s2 ese -eeeee 553, 571 MOrOran, JAPANeat-n wets oe se knee 463, | Bucerotidies-sea- eee oe seen eee 580, 582, 583, 584 Tarleton H., on new blenny-like fish Buchan gasses -eseee asses eee ee eee 565, 601 collected in Vulcano Bay, Port palwanensis=->s2e- se sseeee 558, 569, 573 Mororan; Japan.----.----------.. 463 | Buchiceras hartti ::°:- 222222 ~-5-ssee-e- 634 Beaver, broad-tailed 2.25... ---sctaaeceese 5025 |) Bulumustatanisic ses seen eeceeeeee sae eee 629 Belemnites Uosesasocs so séSeaa90c0rr 637- | -Burroeere esse ee ea eseee eee mete maee 470 Bellerophon Lon G GOP Ene Sasb Ne IAGO CORe 639 Bush, Katharine J., on deep-water mol- GHTSUIS) SacboscoptspceccuDtobe 639 Is er pescado peecaeetAccedeicasesnuaocac 77d MOD (LOLHANUSs oases see 639" | (Busuanga-22s-ss.>-ce-besee ss eeees aeeeere 568 BentharGar mses aeteeitac | Bn tasttuir se scene eee La Seer 565, 601 adversidentata -..-.....-.----. 8425 “BitasturwdicCus|-o-seeteesees sees eee 554, 571 AS POL Wldeeewersaeistecle= sae sl 842/845" | Butorides~sacestecseeme sree coace ee eenaoee 565 BAG RIN aaa mele eieem ine = aimee ain = 843 AMGEN SISeee a= see eee ee 553, 571 Betulannanaeascermesers aes os sce se aaa = ae 100 FAV ANICAe seca Sass cee ae so ee eee oad OnE hg Fae me no5 SaseOpo Gunde Se ueOeEoeeac ac 743 | Bythinella latentis....-.----:.------..-.. 641 Birds inhabiting Palawan Islands, list of, showing their distribution. .-.-.-- 549 | Oacatua .c2 succes oceans aoe 568 SCL PUBS): Cambanus:.- = 9-2-4 <==-- 643, 644, 646, 647, 671 MGSTAUHIAN Asse nim awine sive co em aia ee 632 acherontis,. <2. :-2- 2225-2 645, 646, 692 DUNGMUR Aer Sala ese cee acis si aciememe 632 SUIS oko emcpts ns eon 651 @allocardia-“ ve~ss-cecceusscescccctes cesses 817 | alleniiees is- 6 55K ip ousSse eons 646 Mallia eta eee cars saquiete mae eich 817 angillicola)-+ --- 661, 693 PAL WUS erate oe oleae ateisa = 287, 404 | dugesii-c=2=.c 661, 662, 693 PICLICOTMIS ones aca eeeettt or 386, 404 dugesii, new sub- TV YN asp seaseccee costae 276, 404 | species .--.-.... 660 ponderosusi-o-o-saseecees 354, 355, 404 occidentalis ....-- 693 PUNCOOATIS ocee Moses 374, 404 occidentalis, ne w PEGA S Gece sak saeea gee es see 71, 73, 404 subspecies ..... 661 repletusites cee se-aee ae: 404, 405 var. areolata.....- 661 TODUS COS sts.cfc cise cintefe ----- 324, 355, 404 tridens .....- 660 908 INDEX. Page. Page. Cambarus'neglectus.....-.--2--<--------- 652) |) Cardinm braziliense=--s-eseeaeeree ee eeees 631 ODSCULUS aennic toceeneeee ee eee _ 652 indishinetum 242s. eae eee eee 631 pallmeri..j2caa-siesetee coer 655, 657, 658 DAREN aa emaciel some eee eee ee eee 631 lonpimaxwsee-sseee eee 657, 693 + perumbonatinin=-s.-2e-- oe eee 631 longimanus, new sub- prosvitum.,-<5.52.sesn.terecseeee 631 SPCCiOsi5 7-8-2. = 6355 | BSOaTESaD OMe aee eee 631 Pelludi Muses ee eee cee 647:| Carpophagaa-5-- 222-5. tees: 565, 592, 602, 622 testil sscas2 seen ee noone 427 placitus)<- 5 5--20ees-2--2 25 631 discobolus «22522. 22252-- 439, 490, 491 Campylacanthay-.---4-2-ee-s- eae 4, 5, 10, 47, 48, 56 Sila so 2 Lageee eee eee 491 acutipennis.. 49, 50, 51, 68,403, 407 | INSIONI SS - 5. ee ss sees se 423, 438, 487 olivaceaxjacessss— 50, 51, 404, 408 latipinniss 53-2. 2222-2 423, 438, 489, 490 SIMMS se os eee eee 50;408 |: Cebus se se s5s555. eee eee eee 579 new species...----- 52)" || .CentralAuerica’ 0.22 o.oo 4 MINE Ae epee 50) 52,405,408), Contrococeya:-s 4.5.5 sees cee ee eee 604 CanecellariarcalypS0i=<-.eaco- eee eee sei-— 632}, (Centropus)-25252--e--e soaker eee 565, 592, 604, 622 PUYNET see Sekar secs eee 636 javanicus: 2a. eeeresecn eee BEY OHTA! Cancer seer eneet occa aces esas 662, 664 JAVENSIS\: 5322 o26s eee eee eee 570 ASTAGUSI esos ee oh eae eae 662, 664, 667 melanopsé ase see eee 557, 592, 594 CMMENTATIUSs+ 245 ese costo oe 690 MInNdGrensisiecassc2 ss. 0 eee ee 557, 586 GanumiCte setesee ace os te oo ase 662 SINONSIS).a20 72 eee eee 5957, 571 PAMMALUG! Vs sacle coe secess eee 662, 664 steerike ou. 3255s eee 557, 586 TAO Be oe eae oe ee 667 DITO eee eee eee 557, 587, 588 SOLNADIIS eescce Gee se ease eee zeee 670, 671 VIDIGIS\ >< 2<-- mete eS eee eee 557 Capitonidieyee sas ves. ances eeeee 582,583, 584°| Cephalocotyleumi: .--.<-.--.en.c0ss5--2-e 428 Onpiinnmllaths) peo sccrrpecetoconaeceose 5915} Cephalopodaeess.-2--—eeeeseee=ee=e eee 634 Ogprimulpusssosscessseee essere ee 565)6046220|a@ephalotethix==s-seice. ce aoe ae 4, 9,10 PTISGatUS)- 22-4406 oe eeecee ee 556 | Mew GONUS--co-s> esses 30 MO UMIRG cranrere oe sterols os en 556, 573 panviulus ee setae eee 407 MACBUTUG)so< cals masses 556, 573 new species.-..... 31 manillensis) =< ao 556,572) | (Ceratia nexilia 222-5 22se- ssc es eee eee 636 Carchariaslittoralis-.....----..2-252/- 424-445, 450) | Cerchneise..=-5:-aa~seeiace cree eee ees 565, 601 Carcharimus obscurus ......-----..-. 424, 447, 452 tinnunculus ....-.. =L geete a eee 555 Wardiolariae=----/ fe seater caesar ee 851 | ‘Cercis’ canadensis. -- 5... 4=----2es-one ser 761 (Wardilomyevemens sce seas sees teres tastes a aes 776,798 | Cercomya putatoria.....-.......-.-.....-. 632 BDNSSICOl Ato s- moa estes 888, 889, 0 | Cerithium —?......-....:--.6...5.-.--- 633, 637 new species-..-...- 806 | branneri 5.0 5025-ee see es eee 632 COSTOMATA, Sao cetera aee eos 808 freltasil).<<..sc - 810, 888, 889, 890 | LEU Sone Snesoscoc capes Saace 632 multicostata.-....-..-.--.- 807, 808, 888 | Thoass- 55 3552 c5esc8 eee eee 632 OMNAGISAMAP eas nine = ee 810 | Wat C18 aete eee 633 perrostrata --...-......... 809, 888, 889 | Cestode parasites of fishes ...-..-.-...-.- 423 Be orc Soa en nee 808 | -Cethiidse 2.2.52. ease ean 584 Cardita morganiana.....----.-------.--..- 631. | (Cetoconcha..-c-5--ee see 776 mllinvay ihe Soe oe oc seccobe a qspROoEasue 631 atypha, new species...-....... 814 Card tum) —— ta se ieen ee cieeisns e=scccsias. 637 Titi. ocean eee ssqnaaas 815 INDEX. 909 Page. Page @atomivaresees n= eee e ce eo = aeae ice o- Om PRC HLOLODSIS |= Scteite aaa ohn eee rise nee toe aes 565, 622 O@lLON PALA See oeice sls oon nlees cae ees 815 | flavipennis: 22. -..ce< 562, 572, 579, 595 Calta hs sansee cc estan condccnes 565, 592, 622 | palawanensis -..-.--...2:- 562, 569, 572 GANEMRIOH Seam ma wees enema earn DOI ECMOLTUTS |< cis cis sieeis sac ene ve tine seen ees 565, 601 NGOBORM Als! oe ones ais Sees eee eee ae 561,588 | brunneiventris.............. 559, 586, 591 OB yee cies an Soenisc tess eeesecesp ces 565, 605, 622 | Choristodon ? cancellatus................ 778, 896 (OMNES Wee '= mx atare stewie erotic’ ci = bdo osimose ped a enrysOChraon. ..--2+-..c-m-acscaac- cen dees 97 BUeT yO aeeesae eeeeoe 634 AMUVUR =o sce haa ceeiacesccc. 571 | Cinnyrise-.ese- ss odsceos 565, 592, 603, 607, 611, 622 Charydrobia BUACN OL. o ons ote wc.nc owe aac Serears 641 RULOLAA Ra sacs osieine eee nes 559, 569, 573 Gheraps a secee ese crass mabe eset ceases 671, 676 OxGellensiesn-- nese ee see 559, 588, 589 bicarinatus.......... 671, 672, 673, 674, 676 HAVO) 5A anggoneeaeenredgonesc 559, 588 IDLOISAE sconces see 671, 672, 673, 674, 676 guimarasensis ......-....... 559, 577, 607 quadricarinatus....--.....------ 677 SERA Soo Brine osc SbSseesb ose 559, 598 quinque-carinatus...:....-.....- 677 FPUEES s. soso sQssnsqnoeass 559, 594, 596, 607 COlndt) oR ee 565, 582, 583, 597, 622 SPOUSE Lars else wees aces ey ce eee 559, 573 NOMNECNSISe aces caesar seco st ocsece 558, 583 whiteheadie ss.. 6 -o 5-2 esses See 559, 588 MONAGOL sapien cee csss saber ae HST OSs OCT OLECUSis mos ecc me oes asinaccsene basees c-ccmiee 565, 622 palawanensis .-..-.......: 558, 569, 572, 583 SRUPINOSUS) 2 o ---cccete se tase, asetee 554 Chihuahuan little striped skunk........ .--. 460 AN CLANOlLGUCHS = caiee tess seelo = ie =e 554 OhiMAWTHOUNIS sees ais ose ewes saisssaesce 565, 601 Spilonotuseess- esse cee ae 554, 571 pICOlON= = - Sesseee ea Sesns hs HORS) | wCisticola,. sess rct oceanic sce sees acon 565, 606, 622 ChHONe ParzNSIs Saee om. 2- cece cess cacas 631 CISTICOl Aires ssc eae eases ae se 561, 572 Chlamydini, a short review of the tribe... 473 = ).@ | Wt es Aree eae ee ee 561, 569, 572 Chiamys=- 2. =<: 476, 477, 176, 827, 880, 831, 838, 834 | Cittocincla ...:...-.-------....--- 565, 578, 587, 622 SITZONORRIS © 2 ce osc acu eee aeace 476 GBNUCNSIS'sssec tence es oss = 561, 572, 579 new species ...-.... 79 Inzoniensis --22-2.-..----- 561, 588, 589 QSSUNIISe seen cams esicnince< ec 478 MUM Gasosewessess sao ceeoc 561, 569, 572 penediCiiter seen ase seme oe ee 834, 892 Ti Sv Or deca eee eeee eee ee 562, 577 CONSPOLSAs anos acccenise -eGlowe 480 Superciliaris:-<---.-s.-5-----< 562, 577 COSLOM Ata Ss = cpweis saan ceans cnn 835, 893 | Clarke, William Eagle............--.----- 618 CEIDLIPONMS ies --=+.=--.<.-. 786 LONGO GA joce\scs scott aero ass 476,479 | Clematis ligusticifolia...............--.-- 765 SD DOLA eee aarti eee eee AS0R MC lidionhorpesee sae ae ee eee me 77 IslanNdieaie 2.5 -2cscceeveriseaecs 827, 834 Pouldian ares nasn see asses 820 MACULPES) <2. 2 sesssnes cee see. 476 ANOEN A baie eee ere a, -\o aie. 423, 428, 429, 433, 439 (Oye GQNCCte Neeser a 776, 829, 832 GordicepS==----5----=--=- 423, 433, 434 TMDLs soos ese ees se 832, 839, 840 hastatum..-...- eseosnte vege 454 kermadecensis.------.-.-..-- 841 new species ....... 423, 431 Jeptaleuss 32 252--ese 839, 892 infundibuliforme -.-..-- 423, 434, 454 MVATN TS eraroucss fore ice See Sa ae 837, 892 laciniatumes—cne ceaece oe eee ee 437 pustulosis so25—-~ =. 832, 839, 892. 893 new species. .... 423, 435, Subimprifer as2s.5.c252c-c0~ 840, 893 454, 455 Cylindritella .-.-.-----------+---2---+ 2. 633 fice Sse sen Geena ee encasooone 423, 438 ROE Coen BER OOE SOoes 633 MANWDEMAORMNG jose ta tee 423, 429 crassiplicatassess sss <6 633 occidentale, new species. 423, 437, 455 multiplicata .....----------- 633 [ORRIN Coo etasbSoess sdDoe= 423, 430 TLWNCAA- ass eae cen ee oa 633 DUMCtAGIIMN 2S... are nee 423, 430, 434 Cymella sergipensis. ....----------------- 632 MUS OS toe oe me ole iainla 423, 431, 454 /‘ynoscion regalis.......-.-------------: 423, 439 Species, larvidier = s= sm seers 423, 439 @ypreactwon .-..5--.2--.2------s2------- Gs35| sDicwum: 2: 242-2 6c ee 565, 579, 592, 603, 608, 611, 622 PENN 2 oo2 s3- oaee eee eee 633 SSS UNIS eee ee eee eee ee mina 560, 597 (Ohesieilts) —2oepaeeeeeteaseaeese sees sesocee 492 WEST se5 cas ccec doestespseseeeere- 560, 581 Cyprinodon macularius .-.--....----- 487, 488, 498 CIMELOIOWMARC eee esa ee = ss =i) 560, 592 Cypris sanpetensis...--..--.---=--------- 629 MOUS Gaerne eae ats 560, 577, 579, 583, 608 Cyrena brevidens .-.--------------------- 637 OMGILI se seseneecesss se asaue 560, 592, 606 Cyrtacanthacris differentialis ..-......--- 350 hematostictum -.---- 560, 577, 578, 583, 608 Cysts with trematode ova..-.-....--------- 537 hypoleucum:.----.-.----.-=- 560, 594, 606 Cythere nebrascensis ..---.-----.--------- 639 AER MeCN sea ae aa 560, 583, 584 IPZONTEM'S CO ysioe se rm cistcte =o aieisoe ce 560, 591 WDA GhyLObu Ua seme sisaeise eeieaoemise =e eee 388, 40.5 MIT AN ONSC! ean =m) = ai oe 560, 594 912 INDEX. Page. Page. Diewnumiobscuruim ..cceceercaeeceseeeee 560,588 | Distomum foliatum .............. 523, 530, 533, 534 pallidior = scisv< sen sic ea ee sersnits 560, 579 new species . 508, 532, 546, 547 DY SWUM a ee see eels 560, 573, 606 PUACH Cu aeiye ee a eertaraat 507, 523, 524, 545 TOtrocimCbUMe se ser ae esere 560, 586, 591 grandiporum ...........-. 507, 520, 544 rubriventer << .-<.-----= 560, 578, 591, 594 heterostomum).---22.-2-3c.c2: §24, 545 BIDUtMENSC .- cote: cee eee 560, 598 leve, new species.....---- 507, 517, 544 SUD UM yaMC UM ee araeeleeieese meee = 560, 584 lageniforme, new species.. 507, 524, 545 xanthopygium' 22 .-2.-5-.--5- 560, 586, 591 MACTOCOLY IO) 22-2 -e see 507, Dichroplus s:..2.c%icosee sete te ose eee: 4 522, 530, 531, 533, 545, 547 AMCENUS Joes sssamdeeseae aes ce 406 monticellil ieee sees eee 519 AITO LIS) cafe ataiate re elas erator 406 new species -.. 507,518, 544 [Gh ithip eaauans ooSop oe sHaq5es 406 NUS TOR AW 0h eee meee eee eee 597, DIGOlLOW <5 > =Se lt te oes eee See 406 523, 530, 531, 533, 534, 546 CliGHS 425. catecd se eee sete 406 Nitens jaro. <> ae ee ae 547 distinguendus 2252-222 s-22=s-- 406 new species ..----- 508, 534, 547 GlON PADS eee epee eee 406 OCT CAUIIIN roe (sete) rate eer 507, 514, 543 OXI Se eee Beis aes 406 pallens 324-~cee cesses 507, 526, 527, 545 PUSCUS! Seen cee csenisless- see te 406 machines aseeeeses wetiecs 508, 538, 548 TemMMIScCAiS eeeees eee eee 406 rufoviride ........ 507,515, 516, 543, 544 PatrWelIS tacos hacastee san oases 406 Bimplex:6-5- -asoch seen 507, 525, 545 DOU CIV TSUN See tee tet petac tela tas 406 Species\=: sscssseeoeees 508, 537, 547, 548 punctulatus ---..----.---.---. 406 (larva) sic ceeeeeeee 508, 540, 548 TObUsvULUSS==seee este eee 406 $eNWS ss 2 Ee ee 528, 536 Dicotyles angulatus .----..--------------- 470 new species ...-.--. 508, 535, 547 sonoriensis, new sub- tenuissime, new sub- species ...--..----- 469 Species, 29-25 sseaee 508, 536, 547 from Mexican border.-----.---- 467 tornatum .....--.---<. 507, 513, 514, 543 ID OnE MEU), pons ose ospecenstecoesescor 709, 710, 715 Waldeimbavumsos-eeseeeeee 507, 527, 546 abnormis).-. =< ---2------------ 715, 719 veliporum .....-. Beret sess oc 507, 521 var. rufula, new var-. VeHtricCOSIM on eeeee eee 514 riety, ---=- sasens58 720 | Dorcelaphus columbianus....-..--......- 468, 469 (ERHUCENE ScporeocepecgooseEnoe 722 crooki, new species ..-.-.--- 468 CHING Ego pabncssemocandessse 715, 722 from Mexican border _...--- 467 (UCI Mee Wal So ace ssesisnesosoor 715, 720 hemionus eremicus, ne w COMMUNIS ee acta see eee 715 subspecies=.-.-4- =e eeceee 470 new species........ 718" || Dosinia braziliensiss.s.--s22-0-eaeeeeeeee 632 cruentata, new species..-...--. 717 Dryo0cocey x= 2s: eee oe a eee eee 565, 573, 602 CEUENILAUUS Y= = em ee eel 715 harrin toni ess. scene 557, 569, 573 HeEDGII-. == Aaah sete eee 1155722. |" Dysporus' 2-5-5 -eeos 2 ese see eee 565 EINIZOL, Foe 6 2'~ ee ae poe ee eee 715 piscator-sc.on oe eee 554 new species. -..-----.% 721 Sula 2. Gide eee tee eee eee 554 macwlatay 5 o- ims ose sce c tee 715 | new species ....--- 716 | Eastern desert cotton rat ...---. tir 504 quadrivittata, new species ... 723 | Echeneibothrium minimum .-.----..-..--- 441 WNP UN Chal sass seeese eae ee 715 ; Varlabiles.sss=sseeren a. 423, 440 new species ...--- 718 | Echinobrissus freitasii--.-.-.-.- AS onedc s0sce 634 A-Vittataities cece teases See WLS: | Mehinodermatan sa-- = sees se ieee 634 WMienumidea. seco. sk wow oseee ee eee Sac 582,584 | Eehinoidea-.4-2244---e2-esee eee ee eee 634 IDiChUTGUS. 22ccea spec ee ee ee 565, 574, 583, 597,622 | Ectodesmus extortus, new species ..-.--- 696, 698 baliicassimsicecesencee ca 558, 586, 591 ME Wy PONUS = 4-5 eens 696, 698 MIT ADU se ise seen eee aise 558,577 | Edoliisoma..--. Ae Ree eee 565, 579, 622 SiS poe cS akear. o TeDASAB AG 558, 592, 594 alierumy-3.2 eect ce eae er 563 IDM A) io oSoecerwpobcoRppe cde seindedmsesce 595 CiBTDIOS CONS mse easel aipetere 563 JOM Gulley oie Ree secsseoeepesd scaboonsce 784 CODMENSISy= ce so nene= =a Semeeer 579 Diplostomum cuticola....-.-..------.---- 513 Overetti:. <2 bs sc cieamiomeiae 784 SHIT ASC Alenia wielajse ania wialsisiw sie slots a/micinre ROD MO eee web CLM Ge aie kon occa tect einen soete 779 ciloiinaet ease eee seen aaa Aree br CANS eto ve =. 5/Sy,ars Keienarcle ature) Sacto ate 709 mew species) ---:-- =. - 732 | Erythroneura affinis.........-. hoor 760 BIPOMCULAS - ec cee eee sides 725 | basilaris: =... <<< Lac= -2.-5--.- poten ar eG wie pe SOY Tal CONICS) oc cae sess eo o- oe = 631 SNOW ate = tes Sails a cee 725 miutalonides.sem= secs 631 Mews SPCCleSia- 35 ------ 741 OSUPACIMAl a= See oie eee 631 Splendidass 2 .cscsccsectewecs es 724, 737 mew species.-...-=-.. TELA Ba OF Kove pe eee a eh ee er a eee 565, 604, 624 Bp eric s eee eee 725 COMMUN Ss eee eee eee aoe ae 5b, O71 essellatawcwe- ssa: asi oe cece 725, 742 OLNOStie se ae ae oe 554 WUUPAS Cations jcc Secepinn.s ete 3 724 melanogenys Ree Pe yee ene 554 new species ---.-... 726 | pereerinis'. 2: |. ates. soe eso 555 [Wik Eee eee ree eseenee en aee 725. | BEVOLUSE Ee cere oes scinc eo eee 554, 571 new species...-.-.----- (445) Masciolaria ———? 2s... 280.5. a22secee 632 typlilocyboids:. -2-5622-244-5- 740 | ? acutispira...........- 632 MIC OLOL sae sae aa tae See 724, 725 | RONEGHIS Awe ee 632 mew species..-----.-.. 731 | Faunus mareidulus .......1....2.2.. 636 WAPI CENS «2-2 =~ = — te oo ae 725,747 | Faxon, Walter, on Astacide, with de- Endolobus (SS CGECL ECL SeenOm ber aSseae 638 | seriptions of new SPeoles=. os -5-< 643 PENT OER AIS Pe aisce)=)5 aisles acs ato eee G22 Belipest nt asa-te nso seo eset 833 I NG yA AMATS oe ele psiaraisio aw ec Fas spe 622 Mesteluse pasa 1-- oases cee 833 LN OG 6 Sa Oe See eae eae ener ar G8 | Heliswben@alensis, -se-25---2o-ssconsc-ccss 578, 580 SebPens -Cuniculanis .< 2.5.2 .aonsene ORG ei custapancensis en o-- =. eela- ct 633 FOSSOTY . -aicjsante cic aeeceeae ee 676 Fishes from Colorado Basin in Arizona. . 487 SHUG GUKo se ore ee Sas e aa wisyahs ac rs iate scare cle BHaiyt | Fissurella immortalis’..2-.2::-2222 633 MENs SEMI Sirs con siem ieee esas 53 | Wlapelliipecten..--.....-..----.<<-22 833 MEMPSD ECCLES sa \n1= = cn1aq/s sie eee ae 54 | flabelliformis:.......- 833 BlCMAG Sweats ate ee ee eee AOSiIr Mulexopecten@= ass ssoees ee oes eccace sees oer 833 Proc. Mi. voli. xx—==58 914 INDEX. Page. | Page. Flexopecten flexuosus ........-.........- 833 | Glomus inzequilateralis’ >... 22-0. sooo. 848 Hox. California ovary eters sete tertile ee 459 | JAPONICUS: -toe sec see seek eee eee 848 WIGS SHUN ia gasSosoccocgsossaiauaseas 459 | NGHB RY Me iabe cast ns 65 sesaoS bos Soc 848 Ira On POR W AUN (eee eee eteetiee ar 631 | WVU SU oceoeescosoenicedeposso5 847, 848, 896 DEEN E Baa ee soe em ecgadoS nonce ene SEL IOo 565 I Ne Geo oc AmeRaReEne acces Taece a 848 MIUMPOL i oo ek eee ean 654.:571. ||. Glottis-csocces st tee ee teas cee eee 565. Tel yonllnG ee AeA e ences sod5o sosbedssseodee 591 MODUIALIS sso eco ase ee ee 553 JON pie ase ocervbdoed=jcpaeSeseoceeserccasee 589 | Glycimeris braziliensis.......-2.......... 632 Ia eae LW ery Se eg eeeoseomnt oSscedccns 636 Ui eee Beriseman cade 637 ‘Hulguraria gap Dieee- eee see eee aaa 636 PEMD PW aoe ae aen sc 632 Hinlipula Soc. sen easee eects ee eee piseia's 560) | \GODNOse >= see ee eee 498 huliivula.c Sse secenece eee ce 554 | Goniatites baylorensis -.........-.. 2.22. 638 DUS fa A aS eae CoaeDese SEoeoee 632)) (Gionlobasisi——— trees ae j= eee eens 640 (ho a onicnode aaeskeacceponeD Gene 632 AMlifera ers son ecoensee eee 629 WON PTUs CULUS erates eee 632 jetlersonensis).--=-.seeeeesees 640 WKN Hep aosasse sso suas esoSagC ONO 632 NeDILASCeNSIS! =- =e s |< soe 629 pernambucensis.- . = -see eee 632 WOKS ine aodsosadossascocescec 629 TENMLCATINAU A om ae a/aclaetereae ee 629 Gadus ecallarias .-...-. 423, 431, 454, 507, 508, 539,548 Gorgoza y Gonzalez, José .............--- 618 Gialatenis hie OSAee ere eenee ee eerie sie 662. | Gorsachius’ 432 eee eae eee nee ae 565 Galeocerdo tigrinus...... sScisacod 424, 444, 448, 456 melAanolophiiss-.=.es=s=-eeeeee 553, 571 Galeopithecus?.-se2o----2 sense eae 578)580,.599) | Grant, -Welkts Ogilvie pees seas eee eee 618, 619 Galerucella marmorata...---.....---.---- 48¢ | Graphops)..3-3--se-% sen ee eee eee 481 Galerus.olindensis— s222-2s22-cee~ coceeee 633 | Grebnitski, Nicolai A., new blenny-like (COMERS 532 3o6 SaeesSencasspeasesosees 565 fish collected. by2eses.2= 25-2 eee eee 463 CiINCLERS eee eee eee eee eee 552...| (Gryllusialpimus:25.--sceaee nee eee 116 Gallinae oases seat eee ae ree eee Sener 565 | bivittatus!=- -s.-eseees 363, 403 EN DGKRO) Sond oo-onesesagadeaac 553 | ey DUROPUS == 278, 403 ING PEs canes sso 5s opphend seco as 553,571 | femur-rubrum -.....----- 278 SUENUET Bia steeya eisai store neta 553 | fripidus ss. 4.eaeeeeeee 117 Gallinulasecs-5 tice eae Besse es ceseeeeeces 565 | FUSCUS Vests eens see 406 chiloropus? 2 =s- scene cee 552 | gronlandicus!----ee sess 270 (GAN ce dbetassadecpomdanosconsSaces snbe 565, 602 | pedestris 22s. 4- see ee 97, 116 SENG spe oocscocscpmsacpsdonaccec 551, 571 | punctulatus’-.--_.-.--- =. 406 Grastenop Od alma sete tee eeltenlenae eee 632 | Gryphea trachyoptera.........-.-....-.- 631 GaSteroShEns!=. msn nt acree cen eone os aaccice 428.|"Guillemard (20H He. 52 eee 619 Geocrehlarre eso -nenenceieco=e ieee 565, 602, 622 | Gymnolaemus=--:-----5--e---- 2-5-0 = 565, 573, 602 CANOLA eo = eiee eee ecm ae 561, 586 Marchels.<..2055-2saeees 556, 569, 573 INCE PLOS plesmeise eee sine 561 | Gymnosarda pelamys ---.------------ 507, 509, 542 WARIS ee cae eoeaace erence Sol) | Gaymnoscirtetves: ss 4- eee eee eee 4, 5,9, 14, 399 IG COPCL Aa tesiersielaise piatelerviestemicine totter tara 565, 602 NEW SEN e ss ease eee 14 URC TP GR soce cbeeebebotesrea0s090= 552 pusillus) es assesses 15, 407 Gervalliat@issitasess-csecs eee esteem eae ae 631 new species. ...- 15 IG ne ebnamosecaoSocsoos ogsaEe 639 | Gyraulus militarius...----....---2...c-.2 629 Giery cOne inane emacs tne tae terete 565, 602 | MONSErLAlENSISi]= oo eee eee 633 Sian Gb. Geers opoeerscossecek snoee D063. Gyrodesidowellttes: tessa. she eeaeeeae 636 Gilnleldpans-s.52:65.5.2<.0 See eee 492, 493, 494 BUNS) Scoocosneaenee ccnp’ acapboesec 493 | Habrodesmus.... 696, 699, 700, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707 PTA CHNS raat rersyate lai aintoleisteleieterera is Gletset=te n= 493 | ACU CALS ister eer latenrateete eaters 703 OTARAMN § 3,cte-ecicieciceime Seles sesekee eee 493 WIGS Sesepucoce woQseDaoboDacc 700 MMA Sse oad ooo sped CoesoEsdace 494 | flavoCiNCths -. s2.0.-.----=6 702 pullehtelila see. ote taaaciao-cisise see ees 493 | hartmanni =2<.5.- secs 701, 705 NODUStA Smet ae peal: acre Sere oee 493, 494 Ta@tus! 222 220e eee 700, 702, 707 Gilbert, Charles Henry, on a collection of MASHAl~ cs. ss ese ooseees 703, 704 fishes from the Colorado Basin in Ari- New Species 5---- =. 702 DON e a anwesar ie ieiseeisc © a5. soa eee era 487 neglects <.5-...-se-s-s-=—= 704 Gillette, Clarence P., on American leaf- Mal cyOnees ssa esa = eee 565, 592, 604, 607, 624 hoppers of the subfamily Typhlocy bine - 709 Chlionis ss ee= see eee 555, 571, 605 Guilliechthysidetrusus! ><. <6. -225.2-) eee 488 COLOIMaN ae see as eee 605 new species ....:---- 498 Coromandus == ss-=e-eee eee 555, 571 MNITBOUWISS= sss set os Beane 488, 498, 499 UNE) at: Soe Seok se ep GSson sos 555, 594, 605 LEWD ES Shon So5565 Soncase Saou aseCagEboS oS 565 hombronitees-a 4s eee eee 555 Onientallisiss-ceecideesoe sae ace Gape tral |) Vintdsaiy ie eo - e eeeeeee 555, 588 Glomide, new family .......--..-..5--. 847 MOseleyie see eeee eee 555, 577, 578 Glomintte..c teaser etevewss tae cece cess 847 | pileatarsssssses aes els aeeteeeaer 570 MGC OMUIS Harzawiatareetaard otwleraave sociale <: —---- 561, 577, 580, 582, 584 PETE ses 250 ce CER Bs 5uiljelypechlonas=sslcee= cc === =a 2 4,5, 10, 46, 48, 49, 56 ACen Cane eee ee eee ae 553, 571 acutipennis. ---.--------.---- 50 Hesperotettix ...----.----- 5, 6, 11, 47, 55, 68, 69, 386 alba --...--++++--++2e-22+- 47, 403, 407 brevipennis......---- 57, 63, 403, 408 | speciosa .-----.-------------- 66 CUnUIPCnHis 22-2. 42426. <- 57,62 | Hypoteenidia.....-..---------++++-++++--- 565 new species... 62 philippinensis=-=..--.-.---. 552 HESTLYISE ets. oe eee 56; SUPT odasgacnabdecss6 902, 569, 572 57, 58, 59,60, 62, 63,66, 408 | torquata........------------ 552 new species .......-. fy || LENNON MIS) Soop sooSosneabc Se Dap ossseasd= 565, 624 meridionalis:..2ss.. ss. 2262 56, 408 | AZUTEU. --- 222s coon nnn 563, 572, 596 new species .. 59 SAMarensisy sees eels 563, 590 THON CAT SMO oe eee os 57 SUPCLCMAaLisertelecceissinees = = 563, 594 pacifieus -=.-..-.-..--: 57, 61, 62,408 | Hypsipetes..--..------+--.------+-------- 565, 602 new species....-- 61 TRGB) Caocsabonenabccessesgb. 562, 589 PICHICOMNIS === eeaaeseee oe 386, 404 MLEALCNBIS ee oe te eee DSoqOo Os y4 08h (eianbh ON asiaseas acces sccccice <2 lesson 602 new species.....- GO eichbbyopdellaeassa. sae ee ee = rel-te l == 524 SPEClOSUSis- ..--.-5 on, 66,403. 405; 408) |didonearca harthil.- --2.-2--- «------+-----=.- 631 SVAPUIS) coms a1 cies eerie caesar Tem ealmulsy helenimm ss. seas yo - oes meee eks 363 Gs 7 16063104,:00 1S 74 001408) NOLO mr sates ot cence astern 555, 572, 579, 582, 624 WetteE igiGh he 2 fcc: os ate Go eeede tes 565 | CIOTOICEP Re Ge kod eee hac. 562, 583, 584 IGteraCMDS*DrOvipes -. 2-2-2552 <0 52 ce 553, 596 Gigs WINS ese Sees sake Orr aSeS 5625592: 595 REBTerep Olas amen nn lets cece Social 634 aya dite ces nee eee ee = 562, 597, 598 MUNECCL soma oS aceceee nse oe 634 MINd OLENSISs oss s52 2s eas oa one 562, 586 IGLGEO PY OU oe = an a win wo wleme wi lon in am 565 MONI COlAs seas eee see a eel = 562, 579, 583 ACUMINALA. =... oo. - sae woae 553 philippinensis <.-----.-..--=- 562, 583, 595, 607 FIIGTOCOCCY Xeon see same se een 565, 592, 602, 624 PUNO WIATAS) 237 c1s saosin ae ne a= Se 562, 594, 607 PWOAR. « oj52cais ss caicoceeessols 556 SiG MU OLENSIS= seem ar se saeco eee 562, 581 SPAMOLIOIMES:: «<3 =essacss5cs 556, 571 s[ha bynes) i) Kop aeapces Scans aeeoocodsoer 562, 572 PHOMANTOP US! 2a .-48 ielncesice ceo new species .....-- 847 | californicus, new subspecies 458 Rn CRANE re ens ek ee RO Bee 894, 896 | eremicus, new subspecies -.. 457 MEW SPCCi€S---..-2------ 845 | WEG Gl) conicspoose sade Shea 458 LUNE OC SARS eRe OH ec ae Serene ee area aD 9, Ia Mani ae aes 264 Se sysop a scce agenesis 776 INO SA SHE Sas ee eens aa 553 | ATCNOSMe rss ccsCs sete nese see 819 novae'zealandiae.-+-2----<-.---< 553 pranulifena: 2. 2—-s-cemes secs sees 895 RL peraerctc ne aye lars cela sine oc Seite he de doce: 482 | MEWESPECICS ee cere 818 HATS) see cco SOS ea ERO DCE EOE 482 | Ty OUSid ey ose oe otcene eth nee sos ees 818 Linell, Martin L., on new species of Co- elintorsiellay qcsen sa enae a aecreee eee 776 leoptera of the family Chrysomelide, | COLD ALAM as sm eames meee 896 witha short review of the tribe Chlamy- | Mewes Peles saeco ees 818 OUNIG eae ec asso Se tec scee earek sees 473 | Subyuedwtatara-6< 22 enact 817 Linton, Edwin, on cestode parasites of | TinyOnSie lid ie eescc-eee em eiea eae ee ea 817 HSIN) 2.6 385 0¢oneooseane 325 saeesoge soase JOSS || JonyOis(yne SO MEMO oocsoseacd se seeaeescee 633 Linton, Edwin, on trematode parasites of InVTOdes Matias. a csose- eclsscecceescoee 851 HISVOGS| 5oocsp cobbadegss assoncbenE se epeese SUal mln ne Cue niee eeeeeeer ot eee ts Asean ee 829 ILiopistha sergipemsis ------.....--...---. 632 MOCOS US eerie eae Sek salar 829 NOplacodes IACELGOS. 2c nicice =n -a2- 7 ~ G33 MICs JOD PANSUSiasasca- 5-5 -- eee = see oa 63 WEAN Gone bosasiocoseeeoor 629 | WavNDEN TNC eae ee oesoe ore eae 633 | ENTS COT 2 eee es ee cr ae 776 GRD Rs, EMCIICII amma m= mis wicinieinniceie te 641 AnHlalsececzac sees see esesse ae 778, 890, 893 MRIMONECLEMaree - oe sat cee aio ere se eee S20 leiMacrochalmis:s-sscee sees ae icles seas 835 Haspodesthes ? haworthi ...-.-.<---.--.--: 634 | latissimainscees cess. 50.2 = 833 MFISSOCHIGIMISE =< 6. cet ahas woot. cesta one's GBB. || IN yori Sade cose aacacs SaSoseeees CaEeee 842 @2MOIRE)S Uses sossccsussot oboe 833 BS Perula Aes. se minac ness’ ae 842 IBS ODECKAM = = sete focne «sto seis ae tee 830 DLOfuNdiColajeee se esee ses == 844 yell S sere mela telelere aria ee 830 RAGING oc casceesnosseeeeeeec 842 Lobotes surinamensis...........----- HOSso4 548) leMineronus..-25--6.-s2e------e5e—- 566, 578, 592, 622 MUCUSta eLYbNTOPUS:<2-e\eee-cs 92 3-0 os- 278, 403 kettle wellips sf se. psn paer peat 562, 597 PEM TIL LUM: « oc.cicies sateen 278 | Mind anensiSecss.s4- cae =e 562, 592, 595 Jeweostomacs.s-& .s22-.20 287, 290, 404, 406 | SMIBEDOC Doongoacaquceaee 562, 594, 595 918 INDEX. Page. | Page. Macropteryx...:------- BLOBS OS ODOOCOnARe 566,602 | Melanopli (Acridiidw). Revision of the Comata -fek-< cos see nce 556 Orthopteran Group, with special refer- MiacropyPlaiese snc sass eee ere ee ste 566 ence to North American forms -...-.--- 1 ten UILGSTLIS' = see ee oe 551,572,598 | Melanoplus ..-...... 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 13, 120, 253, 272, 377 Macrourus bairdii :.:....-.-5-:.--.- 507, 517, S44 | abditumiis: 2.2 See 297 Mainatus -.-..-..-- eee eee seen 566, 602 | aftinis®, oso scone coer 132, 171, 196, 409 palawanensis.-..=---...-.- 558, 569, 575 | new species..-..2.:-.- 171 Mialetians-see ees ae 776, 850, 873, 878, 880, 883, 885 | alaskanus'’:c:= 22-2 -e ae cee 132, 409 SUV SS OL CU ete alate aerate st tlie 874,896 | new species. ....--- 169 new species...-...... 875 allen: ..22.2is eee eee eee 129, 411 agathida ~~~ ~~~ = nan 883 | Nw Species =- eee ee see 273 AOC = Aeosocecoscebacecscasae 880 SCVICS Sas eae 272 QULOUMI esate sae eee eee 874 | alpinuses. saan cea eeee 137, 333, 412 jing See geese cee socaec esse 874 new species..--...--. 333 CHILGHSIS 2 2-neeeeseete] eee ee 873, 874 altitudinnni-. sceeeeseeeeeeee 12, GUD CHEE eee amereeee ee rener 874, 883 109, 121, 127, 236, 404, 410 CAMUINORED), G SSS SGnsoessobeses eas 880 | amplectens!.22-- 92-6 a= aee eee 128, 410 (imine 9 S55u5aoceds eee 874 new species -.---- 260 (Khia eeasoaae se AddeSoopuEe 874, 896 angelicus’ 355-cesete eens 123, 410 Doll aeeesees soe eee eee eee eer Si4 | new species..-.---- 202 DOA eee eee eer 874, 892 | angustipennis-.-.. 2-25... 136, 305, 411 MEWS PeCles=-- eee =ae =a 876 S@EICS™-a-cpraas 301 Fd WS soeSes oan anoeseanodoeosc 883 AL DOPCUS Se saree eeie teeter 139, 375, 412 Wiehe es oaesa5 Ske cooks esos tsecconEose 878, 885 new species..:+...-- 372 Mammals from Mexican boundary line, aretiCus? 2-5-2508 - eee eee 270 TSW es See Ree 457 aridus .....-. 125, 207, 208, 209, 403, 410 new, from Mexican border .-.-. 467 EGLi€S.255-6ea5 eee 205 new, from Mexican border of ATIZOM gotaste ee 137, 340, 403 Wmitkede Stakes ms aatsteelattetra 501 ALCCMIS1 see sees 12, 121, 125, 410 Marchesa nes seen eae eee eect cis 574 | new species..-...--- 217 WirmpbartlOK Wels hoo sees rane ceenssosuseanusS 587 | ENO che somecnnin sect gsace 150, 183, 409 Martesiat ete. sees ase ee Ceca eer es TT | new species.......-..---- 194 fracilis; ew SPeCics\------ 2... Tt avLanisceseee eee 5, 182, 169, 171, 172, 174, IManrvesiel lates seem eae acne teas 776 176 178, 179, 284, 353, 405, 409 ing ol We Rash Sade pene eo ESE 891°} crrulelpesieeneee ees 179 new species ...---..-- 777 | atlantis): Sus.ctsccceeeeeeee ee 178 new subgenus...--...--...--- 717 | atlenuatus -...-......2... 128, 258, 410 Mearns, Edgar A.,on new mammals from new species....... 259 Mexican border ---- 467 bilitwpatoS = 5-2 Seee eae eee 132, on new mammals from | 163, 174, 403, 405, 406, 409 Mexican border of bispINosus) oo 135, 294, 411 United States....... SOL | new species..-.--- 292 on new mammals from bivatatwsesecese 5, 138, 290, 311, 560, the Mexican bound- 363, 364, 369, 403, 405, 412 ary) limes scene ecee ae 457 femoratus ---...---- 360 Meda fulpida... 2... 52 - <2 2-2 ae 487,497 | SOLlGSi ss aoc eee 359 MMS COMA COP CMa aaa ae a stare lateral 637, 638 blatchleyicsess sc eceeee 129, 404, 411 Meekia commemorata......-----.---.---- 632: | NEw NaMeies a= 322 WIG ENTRIES SAA ceecocoasbasecasce 566, 574, 606, 624 borckiieessosseeee 127, 243, 262, 403, 410 PRNSUGIS ee esos ee 561, 696, 607 | SOries= oes Renee ces 241 TULCEVS sass eee 561, 594, 606, 607 borealis) 2... si) ae- sete sei mF a ee Mieman odiidees.s54- 2 s2esen- saa 2 oases er 582 134, 259, 267, 270, 272, 403, 405, 407, 411 IN IGE FOUN soos oessadso cree =aaeBoons 566, 602 | bowditchi.....-.. 181, 157, 159, 403, 409 CUM OF Sar ner oetsintetaeielieciae 551, 571 | SERICSiass5-eeoae 153 Wa SANCAIE Cases de cearbogsoppeesedasssg0nc 473 DENNOSL Scns coe ete Seererets esas 132, 409 delectakss2- s22e-Joc45 eee 474 new species. -.-... sac 164 SUUUEALIS we Pee Pope oes 474 | CANCTI Ss... 22.0 she Seieeseee eee 126, 410 texana, new species ...-.-.... 473 | new species ........-.- 219 Mera oldiaty sas tees toe oo ise neice sae 859, 884 | camonicus’.. 2-4. eee ee 135, 411 GHTACTARONIMN IS = 22h cee noes s = 859, 860 | new species........ 300 MelamipusiGlan Wilteere estes sist eeerteee er 641 | cenchris:2es53 ei eeeee eee sens 158, 403 Melania nicolayana-..<-<-.--- 2.2222 25.2: 633 | CINECNOMSi< 5. eee 5, 135, 296; 403, 411 Melanopelareusis aos. ><.) -eee eee 136, 311, 464, 411 new species...--....- 302 fripidus se. sees seeceae sees 117 Confususe-t: =o.i 5-5-5 -.2s---- 137, 412 | Lil PKCM ES) eno dacte.Seepesonee = 138, 412 new species.....--- 329 | new species........ 358 Gonsanguineus 22=2--52-.=in5- 133, 409 | fUSGIPEs He. 4. se cwSers -eeeaes 128, 410 new species. 192 | new species .......- 247 CONSPEISUS)-s2sc--5- ~~ ~~ 136, 317, 411 | CENiCUlabas -.s2.)22 24 08e cee 127, 410 new species.-..-. 515 | new species..... 239 corpulentus .....-... 136, 313, 316, 411 | PmMletteimacaacs- see eee eee 125, 410 new species..-.. 313 | new species ........ 215 Cuneatust) 22ers see ee 130. 147, 409 | gladstoni ......... 6, 134, 229, 407, 410 new species .....-- 147 | new SPecies=..- == 229 GUDUOS «Sec mte me eesce sees 2 267, 403. | glaucipes ........... 131, 161, 404, 409 GYANIPOS ses sees oe Ss055 135, 295, 411 | SCries oes eaeeee ae = 161 new species -.--..---. 295 | PTACUIpPeS se. 2 2 = - ser esece eas 127, 410 MAWROMIC - Ste ss,- oe se ese ects 5, | new species....... 238 6, 13, 121, 122, 126, 134, 227, 403, 405 gracilis ... 130,327, 404, 412 dawsoni completus ...-..-.-.. 13, [ug CCUG losennpecORShe Heenan Ge 374 227, 228, 229, 407 hellino's5..23.-2-2ckestsceee se 374 SCTIES aac soe oe 220 iherbaceus:-'s-. .- 131, 153, 156, 404, 409 tellustris-...... 227, 228, 410 humphreysii--.. 125, 206, 208, 210, 404 MOCORNG ees 5 fase cas seeice 128, 410 GMpller Ss. sscet ss oeceas- ce 136, 411 MewiSPeCieS-.2..2-5- 257 new Species.....---. 306 GRD RYOTE 6 terete oe Seeetecee 132. 409 Hash SWGLTONG! capncanesecbdass as 134, 410 new species ...-..-.- 177 new species....... 204 deletors: 2202.25.35). 137, 343, 403, 412 BOLIOS hs sepistea/s s:ctaye 203 GOVAS HAtOR oe eee ce eee oe 133, ANIL ONS = 5 cei 2 1c ar55 eiele © 109, 125, 410 178, 196, 199, 201. 303, 403 MOWEADEGICSS sane. a 211 aflinis’<.-2:5-s6—2 199, 410 ROMER ee oae ae ae cee 210 conspicuus Pe este Pe 199, 410 INTANGINS e- seee eee 137, 335, 404, 412 obseurus)--.<-.-:- 198. 409 | WI Sha SoSSossosog soesncsaeS- 130, 412 BOLICS: ssgccos2ese: 190 | MEWsSPEClOSS 47. eeh sees 829 tvpicalis ...=...:. 199, 409 | PH OSNVOUSE EEE sleet eens = 128, 410 demorabones son. se sees ace 280, 284 | new species......-. 254 differentialis .. 5, 138, 349, 350, 403, 412 SOTIES Saas ace eee ae 253 CamunNUbUsiess sees cca ne es 133, 192, 409 | InteTiION< .2 o 2 --< 124, 409 Volaticus --.=------ 268, new species .... 139 269, 270, 407, 411 MareimavuSse-—es 45-6 - ee Omlserais fEMOrAGUS ~- ae eee 138, 195, 409 | tomcod <.255 2: s-eSeeeeee 507, 526, 545 NeW SPeECics! -2----- 193) || SM crobieraxee we -ec ae ace eee 566, 591, 622 Simplex ..3ep |g = f-- soeeecee 124, 409 | enylhrogenus)----..=seneeae 554 new species ......-. 150 METI GON AUIS weet tees 554, 592 ANLOWAliee sees es cleics Ssizo sa 129, 411 | IMG CROPUSY Sa sae oo - Jaa ee eerie 566, 602 new species .....--..- 274 | melanocephalus.......--.------ 562, 573 BONOT Ss cece aoe ee 124, 409 | Micropyrgus minutulus...............--. 629 new species......... 143, Microstictusisoote --sooceesses 566, 578, 587, 591, 622 SPLOvcsigee a+ - se 525d; 13,152) 182,183. fulioinOSUS) =-5-eesees =r 558, 592 184, 185, 284, 353, 393, 405, 409 | fTUNODNIS|= cess sees 558, 588, 589 INDEX. 921 Page. MIETOVOIUIA (ane-- celta se se 4 776. 860, 884 MECN AGING ss pelea ae alii 860, 890 Miller’s hooded skunk ......-..-.-.-.----- 467 Mimus polyglottus.........---..--.------ 641 IWGTIDTIING 32 oben oe See BES ee Ep eoececr eee 593 Wain danOlrsson cc Sas os oa 2 Seesceona tes e ete 585 WPS Geo bs Sap Bee S eee ASE EBOr sore 566, 602 PHALUp PAVE SIS). jase = = 559, 588 WERENT eh oo SORE Ane ane Sone aerpese 566, 602, 622 cagayanensis.---..-.----------- 562, 574 WiHOGUEAS eee ascaclncs es ciecscecess 562, 573 Modiolaspealei=--==------.=.----=-------- 641 Gee sosectsise acta nisin Seep ee ees = 5 534 TR Gisce SC Coen eH RE ae ee eat se 507, 508, 510, 522, 528, 530, 531, 533, 545, 546 VO ceri epee ee aces ein < aeinjoicisre Seem = Hin 446 Mollusca, deep-water -....----=:--------- 775 of Atlantic coast of Nuerth FAMED Cals saciciecisisesees = <. 5.6.42. eceeeeeeees 141, 404 Leer GyrenWlets s3555ehpcsdes Sdegeeosesooc ear 822 lemmis cat Ssese—-eSes eee eee 406 IPernarexCa watt) seecser 2 neces as cee. 636 Jon Sicornisie-eee- eee 260, 264, 404, 406 jeumlllenGhsey 5 .SatioeecoaeNeE seaneeoC 631 MAD CA haa os maciaiee eee ae 218, 404 Ie Qim lit} Pee amos BA Sno ESA OO AAD ae peer tee 566, 602 marculentus\. = e-a5-55oeeee ee 139 CTS ANUS eta aioe acter ai apy 554. marginatus ..-..--. eee 330, 404 PP bLLOMO ye MUS sere ere afore wel farstoel == 571 marshal. mee let 105, 108, 234, 404 IPS AtebG Ns aoe eat ez ner cheeoe —-sioeseade 778 mecacephala.---..-2.-.-.22-—= 377, 404 Pezotettix. .2-Sseens eee eee 18, 94, 96, 97, 240 MONG ARs ae coos clas eoeee ee 115, 116 QDI osereeriaaties sie elerre 227, 403 MOSICRNOE oe cae ae eee mete ae 404, 405 INDEX. 925 Page. | Page. Pezotettix Mikado: 2.2.00 se ces ise. sce 405 | Pezotettix zimmermanni......... 225, 226, 405, 406 TAMU PSN MIS sn ssa)- he So = <2 = Seu fell Ee ADOCLELOM secre cais naitto od onasree se 566, 579, 624 nebrascensis .......0+2.0--+-+- 377. 404 amethystina ......- 551, 592, 595, 606 MIPRESCOUSE coer ceisler ee eee 225 brevirostris.... 551,580, 581, 592, 595 WIGLOPlOULAs «sc scnst-e St 18 | brunneiceps.....--. 551, 594, 595, 606 nigrovittatus ...-.2ss/e4.t2--: 396, 104 | cinnereiceps............ 551, 597, 606 MUGS =o ecteeh ce pee 42, 404, 407 frontalis® 22 -0-cee eee 551, 579, 606 CREE o asco soseecos 5 sononosense 404 | LOMCOtis\=s=2e eee eee 551, 586, 588, 589 GDESUS Uese. Some ace sees. 87, 88 | maculipectus-....--.. 551, 577, 579, 606 ODOVALIPENNISe.. o>. 2.ase- oo tse 264,404 | nigrorum..-...-. 551, 577, 580, 582, 584 DEciden talise ses sees we SG - 322, 404 | OCCipitalis ees eee 551, 594, 595 OMMAGEAs ese se meic: sone eee ADL ee haedrotebtiss: 2222222 < 5 S522 22 eee 4,9 OLIV AC OUS ie sia ajo ae Aoloat=i=is <3) 31,51 angustipennis ....--2--.--- 407 OLELONENSIS - =. << sslksceioees- 110, 404 | augustipennis,new species - 22 (DAGUH GTS eee aieia =a 241, 404 | LNs SGN US fie telatela ete 22 MPaAMApWis ses co.c sete se cee Alfie} Phasodesmus: 447 MOGALOUUS es sea ae er ates oe 588 OLINACEUS. eases 450 TULESCONS - 5 s5-tee ences a eee eee 555 imparispine ..--...-.- 424, 450 sibutéensis.2-. -.<6 2. eeeeee eee 555, 598 lon@icorne-es-.eee=e-= 424, 450 Whiteheadlies ce cemes-ee cee eee 555, 588 tenuicollersecen essere 448. | Scotussa 5 2-mict Sx opcrian- cee cape eeaee 4 tenuispine.... 424, 448, 449, 456 IM PU Caren ee oe ete 406 tumidulum ....... 424,447,448 | Scudder, Samuel Hubbard, on Revision of Riayto phorus me Gls) ye ree eater rer 641 the Orthopteran Group Melanopli ( Acri- PLISCUS). ee alll (ERM Sule Ouch ore Soom aes oonsseaSecc=coe Asc 582 BIDS Sos eee Syn ee cise 634, | iSigmod onsen S824 ce aceeee eee eeee eee 501 Salles: S24 -c0.cs Sot asae so sceise tease estes 752 hispidus eremicus ..........-.- 504 Salmi Ose sce hears c ia asses ocisise Seecie ee pesca 428 new sub- EMO NASW ooo sea saes nsoes= ceagoS 434 | e Species --- 504 MY SSS! Som aetoene sobneessgrraGacess 423, 434 | pallidus, new sub- SICONE Nec encagsnpne mcce nesses D Son 434 | species... 504 Sallivardloyel spleen yyoetos oe resniciaielettarerae toler tonne 620 texianus.-5 eee 504 Salvelinus mamaycush --.-..2-.----..2... ZAyIES |S SSHnCCHIEY «Wee erode comes-eoseenar cone: 850, 851, 885 Sanu OiesOis kum kes nee stacey eee =e 461 | SIMD ia UN a ee sae ee oe ne eS 633 Sanguinolaria ? caudata......------------ 687- |(Simaloai.4. s52e-= 2 me eee eee Pe ne 4,10 Sarcobates vermicularis...-...--.--.----- 69 pehrensiietss-eesees eee eeeaee 407 Sarcophaga opifera-.---2-.--..--=.---.--< 198 NeW SpeCieS - .....2.---- 40 SAnCOpNaNOPS ee ania ee eee 566, 592, 597, 622 MOW! CONUS/ eo sae eee eee 40 SaAMALOUSIS =e pee racteeae Mea CU esha We toreeneemenbaroossosacascs<: 566, 592, 604, 624 SteOTlS 52 .ccceeceeeeeee 558, 594, 595 ban yumas: . 23 Sos ee eee 504, 573 ANEO) Nein AaecanAcnccos pe aseecsnnincenecss 566, 574, 602 én ganensiss:.22 sae oe eee 564, 588 CallVilS\..3 = sees Sech mca sceeemes scl 558, 598 erithaeus'< 22282 oo sees ne eee ee 564, 573 SAVE WUEh Someeere Io CULO SEM OSC BAGE SSS SO5 851, 825 Heriotis- o: cciwiewie oe e ee eee eee 564, 588 SOE NIG) he Sato ahctewele te ieicee Be met ese es 877, 878 lemprient so:2.ceeseene ose eee 564, 569, 573 Scalania wandneriza. ss -seeeeocean eee ase 633 DiilippimMensis) =. -se.-ss- eee ---- 564,598 PNAS Sons nssbSacessasoseossess 633) | {Sigil} Onene-sme-se= seen ane ee eee 531 Sioa NON Ae senna socoecsapse sce esgeensS S42) || (Sitbideeseeeccessee sco aes eee 582 Schistocephalus dimorphus. ----- 423, 427,428,454 | Skunk, Chihuahuan little striped......-. 460 Stel equ eS) Cosoopoeaes sees Sas Ss eoonmoe 785 | Miller's hooded®s-.2sea-e-ee ss ae 467 MA Soscemdsoose sasesSce 785 | Sans Diegoss. eceedaseeet ote eee 461 Sciuropterus ...--.-.---------------+----- 578 | Solarium intraornatum........-.-..-.-.-- 633 SCHTAE) a eS a ce basoep sodas cbodsdces 501, 578, 599 Silent yee eee Soed PGR 633 HOI So Sac Asc eaeos = 2555555452 SUL, 502, || \Solemya- saeco ree an. eee eens 776, 849 anthonyi, new subspecies. 501 Sirandis oc. hc Gace etiam eee eee 893 MIA AYES = ae noasddec ----- 501,502 | prandis, new Species <222--seee= 885 Scop mel lave ream ae ee ae eee 636) (Solenomiyidco=- ee es se raee eee eee 885 Scofield, Norman Bishop, on acollection of South American melanopli.--.......-.--- 406 fishes from the Colorado asin in Ari- SpherignativaMme ase. ae eeeee 632 POW; sees arate aces = awe inte Sete Beielaeisvers 487 fOPMOSUDI a=. a e- ee 629 Scolodesmus)-s2--~ .--0+------ 696; 698, 6995704, 708) | \Spheeronia. - ose econ =e eet ee 465 Poa OT ea eeetsiee a= me aesens 696, 697 dufesit joc52 2. sony - See 465, 466 SOUGLO CLINGS i= teie =e sare 697 from a warm spring in New BOCIIPIS Mae secs aele ions etemo cic 697 IM@SS1CO) Setaeta rae eee 465 Proc N. M. vol. xx——_59 INDEX. 929 Page. see hace; Spheroma thermophilum, new species... agGy |) “AUC E REVS ceoncocncherE coor DOALCOcanCOnnAC:. 582 Spilogale ambigua, new species -.---.---- AGO MPD ACh yap LOS: cscewc= as esis sien ee 566 from Mexican boundary line -. 457 | PHUippensiseeeessseae ee = 552 UACILS | a eae Se seieae = - 750, 755 MUS Caley = sec caren smceesiceeceneecscene 775 PINICATM DLA ss. ecs-seeinsa se (oO tose, Verticordia oramifera .-:...202..2-s2sene- 816 new species ---. ffo2 |) Werticordia eranulifera .:-.22.022---.c--- 816, 895 MM scrose sce scsereseecstes oc MOM mOUM Vert CORMICG co..esh 50 noc steele 816 Vili Gee So aeoerooosabbaedodr MD OTRO Su ESICOMY Minna a cece niin ooo pecs sees aan 817 var. coloradensis ..... 763 ali ee sc <2 deacon eee eee 817 SUES ee aries slo's a cicicees 753, 761,762,.763| Viearya ? daphne .-..-.------..-.-...---- 633 VULNS ET Bess ees Seeseeaaanoe 730, 764 ASA DDH Ow pacman --.2s5-+ sae-ee 560 DOVleles2s sestie tetas! weceenesese 861 | Zosterornis.......... 566, 578, 587, 591, 592, 597, 624 INGONSPICU As! s2- se =e eeeS oe 861, 890, 891 Gapitalisis---s2--s=< 562, 592, 594, 595 new species ....-:-- 869 dennistouni:-=....14--225-seees 562, 588 Intataen sont os5 S28 861, 863, 864, 891, 892 nigrocapitatus ---...-...5---. 562, 590 AYES eee owns See est Se 861, 863, 891, 892 platens 24.72 ee eee eee 562, 595 NOWISPRCIESS ones soe siacmee= 863 PY SMACUS Pe ee oe aceeeeeee eee 562, 590 WAL. ULI baw Asp soterete coe S 861, 864 Siriatus, 22s s06-seeee eee aes 562, 588 JOUTEY SI /sc2 nee ees 861, 866, 891, 892 whitehead! ..o...2.2¢-.2Sesse5 562, 588 lento a Secs tecstaeactemeeeese 8617891 -Ayginas.- 2. ck ce letio= sete eee eee 709 Var. amblia'=-2-- cies. Sloe tcharal Araepucl ECR bee ciar ooseec sone coocoslaosose 709 S _ MAL 3 9088 01420 9001