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LS athena Me ei ee te Oc it te Wii ft AUG Phe ‘ 4 Die es » ’ Cea mers ry i 4 « Pet wy i Fy) $49 hia 44 4 KF A 9 Fy HH rm se i , : 8 sa Billet eit : Ay RE gai Minna taal Uanmed a esapieee Shas 44 3. 5 i AH Af ads ite $4 ow} rie we Ca oi 4 WER eRe OK te SAK ke ae ene 44508) (Se tie RET COR Ge Reet gid g a5 +4 tye 46 50) 5 9) er ME MPI We Gone sc ta Ce Ci a ee E46 ha 14) s0 a4 ‘sty Y ae AG i Rita te tM) ae (Hideadian ;" ‘i ay ene ein Se 8: ie te Me Ok ot oe a ionn Paes * 4 perce Naesinn att site fh, cfc! +H La wie Ni wk : HTS) ‘ Va ieee SY. Hike ‘A 18 Pha Weer icthes 00s feo AEC a ene ete te 94 At i Oona Sh saw EAN RAR PAC A Sa “ aay ] J Lam; oe ari et rs eet pies ‘ det ety oe hhaee we oe wee ‘ ; CR Ak) Lh a Ae epetand te be wes ©4548 Ge as 6 PA A Fh yh Vee Ot ot a aed * LAG 9 4ee & TAMA AAS PAMELA AS Pr ys rg hs Pere Cr he ceo : SIC Ga mehr ey eH ah O44) 40a ad Ry os ae nea i* ay Wine a Ay eos rie My eeiee 4 Lag o> eka ‘ wae 4 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PROCEEDINGS OF THE S UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Neolmnve <2O hv . PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1902. in “=~? ADVERTISEMENT. The publications of the National Museum consist of two series: Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium of publication for newly-acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, descriptions of new forms of animals and plants acquired by the National Museum, discussions of nomenclature, etc. A volume is issued annually for distribution to libraries, while in view of the importance to science of the prompt publication of descriptions of new species, a limited edition of each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The present volume is the twenty-fourth of the series. The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of elaborate papers, issued separately and based for the most part upon collections in the National Museum. They are monographic in scope, and are devoted principally to the discussionof large zoological groups, bibliographies of eminent naturalists, reports of expeditions, ete. A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the ‘‘ Special Bulletin,” has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed indispensable. The Annual Report of the National Museum (being the second vol- ume of the Smithsonian Report) contains papers chiefly of an ethno- logical character, describing collections in the National Museum. Papers intended for publication by the National Museum are usually referred to an advisory committee, composed as follows: Frederick W. True (chairman), William H. Holmes, George P. Merrill, James E. Benedict, Otis T. Mason, Leonhard Stejneger, Lester F. Ward, and Marcus Benjamin (editor). S. P. LAaneiry, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. It 2 > “- =, i> ove aa + ' = ; 4 , cae Aw “AD EY ida oh ait Highs ait o2 Pe Piste rh cr, an _ i ila ee Mag) ois ki 0 ae Baie ru yy inet of 0 j j ; by bert a 0 Le ve oy bee ae ae fers she | 5 ne OS tees “tl Fe tia ye fi at ; ~) dealt ai hain ae. son See ae PLES nae (> fy hr ee MEPL Siar . Ser ane A. nostra ae erie Hee) t sat oleae ee (Sek pes Re Li hart eae anaes be he eae agent iri & eagle it war SO eda | “iid eee gar as: \ ee ge: it cr e 7 in rea tat ihe Phare Buen) Re Bs Oi, up pact ph ' a aia one: ea ae if ) Pb sete Tere oe all >. 4 YR | Ais ap: t Se Acuity’. BS Wie ryt in _- Fe 7 aq Tabi Or CONTENTS. Banks, NarHan. Some Spiders and Other Arachnida from Pentigeiknico.—No,. 1253, October 4,,1901*. 22.2. 2 2 ee New species: Pardosa porto-ricensis, Prostheclina signata, Cynorta obscura, Stygnus insulanus. Buscx, Auacusr. A Review of the American Moths of the Genus Depressaria Haworth, with Descriptions of New Bpecies.— No. 1268. May 12, 1902* ...-._...---..--+..- New species: Depressaria sanguinella, D. muricolorella, D. senicionella, D. canadensis, D. betulella, D. barberella. CHAMBERLIN, RaupH V. Henicops Dolichopus, a New Chilo- ped irom Utah.—No.. 1270. May 24, 1902*............. New species: Henicops dolichopus. —. List of the Myriapod Family Lithobiidi. of Sait Lake County, Utah, with Descriptions of Five New Spe- cies.—No. 1242. September 27, 1901’__-_-_-_---------- New species: Lithobius utahensis, L. collium, L. socius, L. intermon- tanus, L. purpureus. CoquitteTtT, D. W. New Diptera from Southern Africa.— Mommi2te,. eptember 27, 190k? 2.2 ss lL. 222 oo. 23 28 New genus: Zaprionus. New species: Simulium nigritarsis, Dacus lounsburyii, D. brevis, D. sigmoides, D. immaculatus, Ceratitis rubivora, C. lycii, Zaprionus viltiger. Dati, WixtuiAM Hearey. Illustrations and Descriptions of New, Unfigured, or Imperfectly Known Shells, Chiefly American, in the U. S. National Museum.—No. 1264. Perma ew 2 ok. ess) a5 82 aS oe. 2 oso 24 2 New genera: Toledonia, Antistreptus. New section: Agriopoma. New species: Conus stimpsoni, Daphnella eugrammata, Actxon ( Micro- glyphis) breviculus, Toledonia perplexa, Pleurotoma (Antiplanes) piona, P. (Antiplanes) thalea, P. ( Antiplanes) santarosana, P. calli- cesta, Tritonofusus (Plicifusus) herendeeni, Volutopsius trophonius, Antistreptus magellanicus, Trophon pelecetus, Boreotrophon maclaini, B. kamchatkanus, B. (Stuarti var.?) smithi, B. peregrinus, B. beringi, B. pacificus, B. tripherus, B. alaskanus, B. mazatlanicus, B. pana- mensis, B. avalonensis, B. rotundatus, Trophon pinnatus, Typhis martyria, Litorina atkana, Solariella carlotta, Ganesa? panamensis, Lepidopleurus mesogonus, L. halistreptus, L. luridus, L. farallonis, Ischnochiton stearnsii, I. sarcosus, Crenella megas, Limopsis pana- mensis, Cetoconcha scapha, Terebratalia hemphilli, Crania patagonica. 731-749 797-800 21-25 27-32 499-566 'Date of publication. Wa TABLE OF CONTENTS. JORDAN, Davip Starr, and Epwrn Cuapin Starks. A Re- view of ti.2 Atherine Fishes of Japan.—No. 1250. October 4. 19010. ee ‘See New genera: Atherion, Iso. New species: Atherina woodwardi, A. tsurugx, Atherion elymus, Iso flos-maris. ——. and JoHN OTTERBEIN SnypER. A Review of the Discobolous Fishes of Japan.—No. 1259. February 1 KOR KS] ea ene MONE Renee ec omg PO ie eer ye Se New genus: Crystallias. New species: Lethotremus awx, Crystallias matsushime. A Review of the Gobioid Fishes of Japan, with Descriptions of Twenty-one New Species.—No. 1244. September-25, LOQL" 03.5 32 oe ee ee ee New genera: Vireosa, Hazeus, Chloea, Suruga, Sagamia, Ainosus, Astrabe, Clariger, Euteniichthys. New species: Vireosa hanex, Asterropteryx abax, Hazeus otakii, Gobius pecilichthys, Ctenogobius abei, C. nadropterus, C. campbelli, C. virga- tulus, Chloea mororana, C. sarchynnis, Pterogobius daimio, P. zacalles, P. zonoleucus, Suruga fundicola, Sagamia russula, Cheturichthys sctistius, Tridentiger bucco, Astrabe~ lactisella, Clariger cosmurus, Eutentichthys gilt, Trypauchen wake. A Review of the Gymnodont Fishes of Japan.— No. 1254. November 30, 1901' New species: Spheroides abbotti, S. exascurus, S. borealis, S. niphobles. A Review of the Hypostomide and Lophobranchiate Fishes of Japan.—No. 1241. September 27, 19017 New genera: Zalises, Yozia. New species: Zalises wmitengu, Corythroichthys isigakius, Yozia waka- noure, Urocampus rikuzenius, Hippocampus kelloggi, H. aterrimus, HT, sindonis. A Review of the Labroid Fishes and Related Forms Found in the Waters of Japan.—No. 1266. May 2, 1902'- New genus: Verreo. New species: Stethojulis psacas, S. terina, S. trossula, Halicheeres tre- mebundus. A Review of the Salmonoid Fishes of Japan.— No. 1265. March 25, 19021 New species: Argentina kagoshime. A Review of the Trachinoid Fishes and their Sup- posed Allies Found in the Waters of Japan.—No. 1263. March 28, 1902" New genera: Pleropsaron, Ariscopus, Stalix. New species: Parapercis ommatura, Pteropsaron evolans, P. verecun- dum, Ariscopus iburius, Gnathypops hopkinsi, G. evermanni, Stalix histrio. wetter er et me ee ee Bm RM ee KH fe em wm we ew ew 2 ew oe ow oe = = ‘Date of publication. 199-206 345-351 33-132 1-20 595-662 567-593 461-497 TABLE OF CONTENTS. JORDAN, Davip Srarr, assisted by Micniraro Sinpo. A Review of the Japanese Species of Surf-Fishes or Embioto- miees—_No. 1960. February 26, 1902* =: -..-_........-- ~-———. A Review of the Pediculate Fishes or Anglers of Senan.—No. 1961. February 26, 1902°...........----.- New species: Lophiomus litulon, Antennarius scriptissimus, A. san- guifluus, A. nox, Malthopsis tiarella. Lucas, Freperic A. A Flightless Auk, Mancalla Califor- niensis, from the Miocene of California.—No. 1245. Sep- © Bi SUSI O Ns eS ci APRR ceed ig coe apie poe Lyon, Marcus Warp, Jr. An Annotated List of Mammals Collected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela.—No. SPREE MEOICEOMOI WOON oda BeBe, Sir ey 7 oe (See also under Robinson, Wirt.) Mearns, Epaar A. . Descriptions of Three New Birds from the Southern United States.—No. 1274 June 2, 1902'___- New subspecies: Colurniculus savannarum floridanus, Progne subis floridana, Sitta carolinensis nelsoni. The Cacomitl Cat of the Rio Grande Valley.— ene ee CkOUCE + LOOKS 222! Sete a ek. be Merritt, Grorce P. A Newly Found Meteorite from Admire, Lyon County, Kansas.—No. 1273. May 31, 1902'- On a Stony Meteorite, which Fell Near Felix, Perry County, Alabama, May 15, 1900.—No. 1249. October 7, uM Mere e te tee ee ts bey ee Ry iS Sy 0 eo Pt Mitter, Gerrit $., Jr. The Mammals of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.—No. 1269. May 29, 1902° New species: Sus nicobaricus, Mus stoicus, M. taciturnus, M. flebilis, M. pulliventer, M. atratus, M. burrus, M. burrulus, M. burrescens, Crocidura nicobarica, C. andamanensis, Pipistrellus camorte, Hippo- sideros nicobarule, Pteropus fawnulus, Macacus umbrosus. New subspecies: Tupaia nicobarica surda. OpBERHOLSER, Harry C. A Review of the Larks of the Genus Otocoris.—No. 1271. June 9, 1909'.._._._______- New subspecies: Olocoris alpestris arcticola, O. a. enthymia, O. a. dia- phora, O. a. actia, O. a. ammophila, O. a. aphrasta, O. a. leucansip- tila, Otocoris longirostris perissa, O. l. argalea, Otocoris penicillata oreodrama. ——. Catalogue of a Collection of Hummingbirds from Ecuador and Colombia.—No. 1258. January 18, 1902" __- New species: Zodalia thaumasta. New subspecies: Topaza pella pamprepta, Boissonneaua flavescens tinochlora, Heliangelus exortis soderstromi. 1 Date of publication. Vit Page. 3D3—300 361-381 133-134 135-162 207-210 907-913 193-198 (51-795 801-884 309-342 VIIlL TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Rarnpun, Mary J. Descriptions of New Decapod Crusta- ceans from the West Coast of North America.—No. 1272. May 03.1000) ek aoe ee 885-905 New species: Oregonia bifurca, Callianassa goniophthalma, Axius spinulicauda, Calastacus quinqueseriatus, Gennades borealis, Cran- gon holmesi, C. dalli, C. resima, C. abyssorum, C. acclivis, C. varia- bilis, C. spinosissima, C. spinirostris, Sclerocrangon alata, Nectocran- gon dentata, N. ovifer, N. californiensis, N. levior, Spirontocaris arcuata, S. murdochi, S. truncata, S. Snyderi, S. sica, S. dalli, 8. unalaskensis, S. vicina, S. washingtoniana, S. flexa, S. decora, S. tridens, S. townsendi, S. moseri, S. maxillipes, S. brachydactyla, S. kincaidi, S. biunguis, S. stoneyi, S. macrophthalma, Pandalus jor- dani, P. stenolepis, Pandalopsis aleutica, P. longirostris, P. dispar, _ Pontonia californiensis, Palemonetes kadiakensis, Urocaris infraspinis, Hymenodora frontalis, Parapasiphe serrata, Pasiphxa spacifica, P emarginata, P. corteziana, P. affinia. New subspecies: Crangon alaskensis elongata, Crangon franciscorum angustimana, Pandalus montagui tridens. RicHmMonb, CHARLES W. An Annotated List of Birds Col- lected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela.—No. 1247. October 3,.1901.). 2.2 263 eee 163-178 (See also under Robinson, Wirt.) . List of Generic Terms Proposed for Birds During the Years 1890 to 1900, Inclusive, to which are Added Names Omitted by Waterhouse in his ‘‘ Index Generum Avium.”— Non 12607. “May 2.1902." _ 22 ee 663-729 Rogrnson, Wirt, and CHartes W. RicuMonp. An Anno- tated List of Birds Collected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela.—No. 1247. October 3, 1901.°__.-..--.------ 163-178 New species: Microcerculus pectoralis. Rogrnson, Wirt, and Marcus Warp Lyon, Jr. An Anno- tated List of Mammals Collected in the Vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela.—No. 1246. October 3, 1901.'____.-- 135-162 New species: Oryzomys medius, Lophostoma venezuele. Scuaus, WituiamM. Descriptions of New American Butter- fies; —— No, 1962! March 1, 19027!" °o > 2 eee 383-460 New genus: Eucora, New species: Dircenna hugia, Leucothyris manora, Episcada pascua, E. carcinia, Pteronymia minna, P. calgiria, P. carlia, P. ilsia, Ithomia saleata, Calloleria tosca, Euptychia ocelloides, E. castrensis, KE. narapa, E. moneca EE. burgia, E. morima, E. pallema, E. borasta, Lymanopoda varola, Narope marmorata, Acrea ozinta, A. dognini, A. mitama, A. surima, A. quadra, Eresia crina, Phyciodes ' Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS. fellula, P. sejona, P. brancodia, P. orticas, P. carigia, Adelpha goyama, A. barnesia, Chlorippe laurona, Eurygona cucuta, E. micela, E. rasonea, E. tarinta, Mesosemia mathania, M. friburgensis, Lymnas pelta, Symmachia eurina, S. satema, Eucora sanarita, Charis incoides, C. dukinfieldia, Chamelimnas joviana, C. similis, Mesene strigulata, M. martha, Bexotis bacenita, Calydna zea, Caria tabrenthia, Apodemia multiplaga, Hamearis dovina, Lepricornia tristis, Lemonias malca, Ithomeis lauronia, Stalachtis sontella, S. stellidia, Lycena griqua, L. cogina, Thecla giapor, T. xorema, T. carla, T. nugar, T. atrana, T. talama, T. normahal, T. malta, T. vomiba, T. vieca, T. rickmani, T. zurkvitzi, T. epopeoides, T. conoveria, T. curtira, T. tella, T. chaluma, T. taminella, T. rana, T. muattina, T. binangula, T. bolima, T. polama, T. foyi, T. aritides, T. echinita, T. guadala, T. tigonia, T. illex, T. hostis, T. gentilla, T. guzanta, T. fosteria, T. farmina, T. lanckena, T. chilica, T. humber, Leodonta marginata, Pieris sublineata, Papilio socama, Jemadia paulensis, J. brevipennis, Eudamus callicina, E. janita, E. pithys, Thymele subvirescens, T. grenadensis, Telegonus janeira, T. hurga, Nascus orima, N. orita, Telemiades megalloides, Cecropterus ochrilinea, Graius choricus, LTignyostola cydana, Pellicia bipuncta, P. vecina, P. capitans, Cyclosemia trigonilla, Eudamidas obscurior, Gorgythion beggoides, G. marginata, Anisochosia subpicta, Staphylus scoramus, S. anginus, S. minor, S. tadus, S. terrens, S. alicus, S. subapicatus, Heliopetes purgia, H. sublinea, Chiomara marthona, Thanaos austerus, Butleria arpia, Atrytone urqua, A. paranensis, A. brasina, Thymelicyus bahiensis, Augiades chalcone, A. anita, A. tania, A. turbis, A. aligula, Prenes diduca, Niconiades merendula, Phemiades jamaicensis, Cobalus fortis, C. rastaca, C. arita, Eutychide astiga, E. petrouna, E. barnesi, Thoon lugens, Rhinthon bomax, R. tanaris, Euroto etelka, E. purgis, E. coler, E. ritans, Phlebodes chittara, P. gulala, P. metonidia, P. fartuga, Honus garima, Phanis cumbre, P. tavola, Mucia matalma, Catia minaya, Euphyes menopis, Mnasalcas amatala, Papias tristis- simus, P. ctyanus, P. sobrinus, Lerodea tesera, Vehilius almoneus, V. carasta, V. chinta, Megistias eorius, M. ranesus, M. polistion, M. monestes, M. miaba, M. chula, M. vanilia, M. gispara, M. vorgia, M. sancoya, M. carinna, M. jamaca, M. corescene, Lerema coyana, L. stacara, L. elgina, Padraona sartia, P. calcarea, P. radiata, Hes- peria sucova, H. altama, H. caligula, H. misera, Callimormus dizses, C. verames, Mnestheus petrovna, Cymenes nux, C. dubitans, C. inter- media, C. occulta, Flaccilla coatepeca, F. ergola, Thracides orusca, T. bajula, T. biserta, Perichares triplaga. Stnpo, Micuiraro. = 05 185 Renn riees) 8 25 Paes i 2 fob eet ge ccegcaciee toes 32 estes 186 BeMeeRran eo (otivna eos 858 a5 boon c nk thi wade evden btesce ++ -se8 187 XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Cletig dohata (8. figs.) oscsscscsccdeeccstoweeen meee use as een sence ase ee 187 Gletia semiaiicla (8 figs.) scscancoacestsSoeceeweeeeeseaecee=eesa— eee 188 Pseudoboa newwiedtt (5 figs) oo. co~ceaeneeencwseasen en aieeesanemedcans see ae 189 ‘Pseudovoa.robinsont:. (Sihigs:))- Soe soas oe aeo eet ewicceeenee aac erecee seers 190 Onybelis acuminoius (3 BGs.) 2 2s. os<2asies aoe en eee ae eoe een eee Sane 191 Leplognathus variegaius (3 figs.) 22.22. 252s. cescoecctenn eases sense e a eee 192 Athering woodward = 2.6 << non oes sipasc acct camcete acs pee canes eeeeee see 200 PAT ENUNG ISUTUGE sos 2 own Soc e scicee ERLE ke er 20 ERI MNNAMN DUS HETTVMNUS 3c 2-2 35-32 co 0 Sass see Soc see eesti stn seete 20 REMUS IOPONICUS = 2-22. 5 Siac ake eeecsad onc ccacs. oka ns- 2s 20 SEE PNINE DIES SURMONIS a= oa tia as oh ee ete eee aes bccesccssena ss 20 SPER NV UCHMUUS ORONMICEY (a2 ay So Ses eas seme cachet ni towels 20 SNE OR Clie NCLEOM CG 35-25. 5255806 = oo 2 Sone ss 2552 b 2 sie kes ees 2s 198 femoome aracknida irom Porto Rico. -.< 222 52.525..h.ccnsliecsene esse 228 imaenuinomrepms divaricata. David White. ...-2..=-.--2+-.--+--25-+--.06 270 meee buthoircphisnewlint. David White ..:.-..-...-::.2-----ss2i--0.-2-- 270 av aricties Of Paludestrina protea. Gould .--..-...:.:.:-.--2---.------ 300 SEEN RICAN IS PCCION OFF MY Ss < .tocehc-5-sheeseee Sec aSose net-seGeteeee 300 PEEUAriAIOHS GL GeSerb PRYSIAG. ooo s5= o> <2 asi ges ee eee ccc ole ce cecee 300 memeronaroaomea munsont..(HHaill’) .. 3. 2 5222222 eth tee eee ects tee. 308 emenondragane-guaeord.s.- Stanton. ....-2-<-2.5<---s2--22222-2cbn nee ece 308 meruimonata, chietly North American. ......------+-s--.-+--2-<------- 566 PESO CREA. PUMNONA t= \o55 occ cseaec sme sost neces sS sane cect edeceseces 566 SME at A MEeTrICatl! SAStrOPOdS...--o20-n-S2-~'2~.-254-5-0--osc----- chee kee 566 Serbia; American pelecy pods =. 22... ..----2---sc0c-i 84-2 2 5eene- eee 566 33. Argonauta expansa, Dall, Gulf of California ....-....-......--------.- 566 DEES American: PASLTOPOUS <=. 2see soc cso dtwe eco sable nce l ye bde wane 566 (8 PSTRCN SAT CG Ta 010 A ee a eg 566 See en american castropods —. 23... 52----s-s6--24-3-----5-5-0cseene 8 566 Pest American pelecy POUSa. soso. s. <2soca--sshsol-.e- see oce else ce 566 ae eamdaman and Nicobar Mammals ......-...-:-------------.<-2-+---- 796 43. Homes of (1) Otocoris alpestris praticola, Wooster, Ohio; and (2) O. a. leucolema, Staked Plains, near Dimmitt, Texas ............-.....-. 884 44. Homes of Ofocoris alpestris leucolema. (1) Near Stillwater, Nevada; ipwoyape Mountaims, Nevada. 52-520 s-22.2522602..2.).2.2-.-5--- 884 45. Homes of (1) Otocoris alpestris giraudi, shore of Matagorda Bay, Texas; and (2) O. a. adusta, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona ....-.--------- 884 46. Mapi. Distribution of the genus Otocoris .......-:.--------.------- 884 47. Map 2. Breeding areas of new world Otocoris -.....-........-------- 884. 48-49. Maps 3-4. Breeding areas of old world Otocoris ........-....-------- 884 BEENCIA TONING MIGHEOTILE§ 952 oo ks oe ee ok cece ee eons ene ie ihe Bae 914 56. Outline map of Kansas, showing meteorite finds and falls.........-.-- 914 py eblt 4 et re Nhe inves Syd Aiea eae Ce : AY gaa Fee re, Te vite aae. eee 4a) sh wha ate aah es oe - nie ha 7 oe PROT ieee! See Nas tie s Erbe Biss eins ER Sy ee ; =e eat aa) tvs Gifs pete Fah, wt ints: Yes. hi hea ae, ne dats See SA \ - =s ewe ° +t? Hels s Wakil gt . a6 ’ ay rf ¢ ~*_a & =» i > Fe ea me i mx ~*~ a m 2 > ¥ Pi ava" « Et 3 van "+ Pa - a= 4 F i bs ‘ == OF 2 ‘ s a 2 . . ie te . Rarrie ey: als ; F Ares vit, al Oa at rel . ba ed 7 fea | eee Deedee ee es age ae moat nasal eM ot \Vodlaicotat ‘vate -s é ee a RST Ee, + API SE * PEER Ts Be ok rie ye near hu . apes Ae ee ae 2; 2 ee ee _ a), ne hate vee rape CTE (ae bs A ORY aka. a) 0) te ae ee Tee ; baw | Er: is pet ae Gear oe ee an ine ’ Bereta! Co! oe | vn, Sey Se Sd SAPO aL ee , vex git maa tot 5h heat ae (avite Mls) ae ae Sb iy ae ft fe . 3 47) Ph en (i, ane ee 7 3 ey | ea tras Dean Mem ih oe a Laie aka woe es - : 1 a 7, A REVIEW OF THE HYPOSTOMIDE AND LOPHOBRAN- CHIATE FISHES OF JAPAN. By Davip Starr JORDAN and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, Of the Leland Stanford Junior University. The present paper contains a review of the Hypostomide and Lopho- branchiate fishes of Japan, the families Pegasidee, Solenostomide, Syngnathide, and Pegasidee. It is based on specimens obtained in Japan by the authors in the summer of 1900, a series of duplicates being in the United States National Museum, and upon the collection of Japanese fishes in the United States National Museum, as well as upon specimens collected by the United States Fish Commission Steamer ° Albatross. In this work we have had the efficient aid of Mr. Michitaro Sindo, who has carefully compared and measured all the recorded specimens. Suborder HYPOSTOMIDES. Body covered with bony plates, anchylosed on the trunk, movable on the tail. Gill cover formed by a large plate corresponding to the opercle, preopercle, and subopercle. One rudimentary branchiostegal. Gills four, lamellated: Ventral fins abdominal. Dorsal and anal short, of soft rays only. No pseudobranchivw or air-bladder. This group contains a single family; fantastic little fishes of the Asiatic seas. [ (v0, below; @TO“a, mouth.) Family 1. PEGASID. Body broad, much depressed, covered with bony plates; mouth small, below a prolonged snout, its margin formed by the premaxil- laries; no teeth; suborbital ring well developed, forming a suture with the gill cover. Pectorals broad, very laree, placed horizontally; ventrals well behind the pectorals, not far from the vent, of one or two rays, one of them very long; tail four angled, the short dorsai PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VoL. XXIV—No. 1241. rou. WN. MM. vol. xxiv—01——1 mt 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. and anal placed on it opposite to each other. Caudal small. Vertebree few; no ribs. Intestinal canal short. East Indies. a. Pectoral! rays equally slender, none of them spine-like; tail short, of stout rings, not taperine and tlattenedsposte no rly aes eee Zalises. 1 1. ZALISES Jordan and Snyder, new genus Zalises JORDAN and SNYDER, new genus (draconis). The genus contains those species of Pegasidw which have the tail short and not attenuate and compressed toward the tip, and in which the pectoral rays are all slender and simple, none of them spine-like. East Indies. (Ca@An, surf; ons, moth. ) 1. ZALISES UMITENGU Jorddn and Snyder, new species. UMITENGU. (Plates bp 0) Pegasus draconis IsaikAwa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p.5, Boshu Kii (not of Linnzeus). Head 2% in length; width, posterior to pectorals, 33. D.5; A. 5; P.10; V.2. Vent midway between front of eye and base of caudal fin. Tail of 8 rings. Trunk gibbous, the median depressed part divided by three cross-ridges; obtuse tubercles at the meeting points of the lengthwise and cross ridges of the back; nape with two deep pits; first, second, fourth, and fifth tail rings each with a compressed spine directed backward; pectoral 3 in body, as long as from tip of snout to nuchal pits; fifth pectoral ray not enlarged; snout prolonged, longer than in any other species, its length from eye 5 in body, the part before the mouth more than twice as long as broad, with a finely serrated edge on the dilated blade on each side; distance from middle of shoulder girdle to tip of snout, 24 in total length (84 in P. draconis). Color brownish, finely marked with darker. The snout and the last two caudal rays black; pectoral with fine brown dots on the rays, the outer part of the fin paler. Seas of Japan, here described from a dried specimen, 75 millimeters long, from the province of Kili (Wakanoura), presented by the Imperial Museum of Tokyo. Type.—No. 6518, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. The species closely resembles 2. draconis of the East Indies, but differs from descriptions and figures in the longer and narrower snout, and rather longer tail. Other specimens supposed to be the same are in the collection from Boshu (near Misaki), and another from Kii. (Umi, sea; Tengu, a long-nosed god of a humorous nature, in Jap- anese mythology.) 'The fifth pectoral ray is enlarged and spine-like in the genus Pegasus (P. volitans Linneeus). The tail is elongate, the posterior rings flattened and compressed in the genus Parapegasus Dumeéril, type, P. natans Bloch. NO. 1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 3) Order rOrnOB RANE Ell: THE LOPHOBRANCHS. Gills tufted, not laminated, composed of small rounded lobes attached to the gill arches. Interclavicles well developed. Scapula suspended to the cranium by a post-temporal. Superior branchihyals and pharyn- geals, and basal branchihyals wanting or not ossified. Mouth very small, bounded above by the premaxillaries. Post-temporal simple, codssified with the cranium; basis of the cranium simple. Pectoral fins with elevated bases. Anterior vertebrae modified, the diapophyses much expanded. Air bladder simple, without air duct. Snout pro- duced, bearing the small toothless mouth at the end. Gill covers reduced to a large simple plate. Skin with bony plates. Muscular system little developed. (Aodgos, crest: Bpayx, gill.) FAMILIES OF LOPHOBRANCHII. a. Spinous and soft dorsal present; ventral fins present; gill openings wide. SoLENOSTOMID.E. 2 aa. Spinous dorsal fin wanting; no ventral fins; gill openings narrow. SYNGNATHIDA. 3 Family 2. SOLENOSTOMID. Body compressed, the tail very short, the snout long, compressed. All parts covered with thin skin, below which is the dermal skeleton with star-like ossifications. Spinous dorsal short; soft dorsal and anal long, with elevated base; caudal long. Ventrals close together, inserted opposite spinous dorsal, each of seven rays; the fins free in the male; in the female adnate to the body forming a large pouch for the reception of the eggs. Branchiostegals 4, very thin. Intestinal canal very simple. Singular fishes of the Kast Indies, constituting a single genus. 2. SOLENOSTOMUS Laecépede. Solenostomus LAcEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1808, p. 36 (paradoxrus.) Characters of the genus included above. (@@ANY, razor; TTOMA, mouth. ) a. Snout rather stout, its median depth 43 in its length; color pink, everywhere with fine brown spots; first dorsal with two large ovate black spots; caudal with SPE? fC) gk eee Ps Ge i aoa att te OT a ea cyanoplerus. 2 aa. Snout elongate, its median depth 6% in its length; color brownish, irregularly mottled with orange; membrane of dorsal and caudal blotched with darker, the spots on first and second membranes of dorsal most distinct -.paradowus. 3 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 2. SOLENOSTOMUS CYANOPTERUS (Bleeker). (Plate IL.) Solenostomus paradoxus BureKker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., Ill, p. 308, Hawaii, Ceram.—Kaup, Lophobranchiates, 1856, p. 2, Ile of France, India, New Guinea (not of Pallas). Solenostoma cyanopterum BiEEKER, Nat. Hist. Ned. Ind., VI, p. 506, Hawaii, Ceram.—GitnTHeER, Fishes of Zanzibar, p. 137, pl. xx, figs. 2, 3, Zanzibar; Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 151, Zanzibar, Ceram, China.—DumeEriz, Hist. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 497, New Guinea. Head 24 in length; depth 5. D. V.-20; P. 27; V. 7; A. 19; C. 15. Depth of snout at middle 43 in its length. Eye 64 in snout; dorsal spines 2 in head; ventral equal to snout or a little more; caudal a little shorter than head. Caudal peduncle shorter than base of second dor- sal. Color pink, with small black dots like ink specks, scattered over head and upper part of body; eye red; fins pale, the spinous dorsal with two long black ocelli (said to be dark blue in life) on membranes of first and second spines, besides black dots, caudal with small inky spots like those on body, but more elongate, several of them drawn out into lines. Japan to Zanzibar, occasionally northward in the Kuro Shiwo, doubtfully recorded from Hawaii. Known in Japan from a single adult female, taken at Boshu (Awa) by Dr. Kishinouye, and by him presented to Stanford University. (xvaveos, blue; 7TEpor, fin.) 3. SOLENOSTOMUS PARADOXUS (Pallas). (Plate IV.) Fistularia paradoxa PALuas, Spicilegia, VIII, p. 32, pl. tv, fig. 6, Amboyna.— ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1807, p. 114, pl. xxx, fig. 1 (copied). Solenostomus paradoxus LAckPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1803, p. 36, copied.— Ricnarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 203, Canton, after Chinese drawings.— DumeértL, Hist. Poiss., IJ, 1870, p. 497, Mauritius. Solenostoma paradoxa GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 152, Amboyna. Head 22 in length; depth 54. D. V.-21; P. 24; V. 7; A. 22. Depth of snout at its middle 6} in length. Eye 7 in snout; dorsal spines 14 in head; ventrals a little longer than snout; caudal a little longer than head; caudal peduncle a little more than 2 in base of second dorsal. Color light brown, with irregular oblong spots of orange brown, each with a paler center, one series of these forming an irregular stripe from eye to caudal;-some darker blotches on snout and on ven- trals; two dark blotches with pale center between the dorsal fins; an oblong blackish blotch on each membrane of spinous dorsal, the first two most distinct, besides numerous other blotches; soft dorsal and anal mottled; caudal clouded with blackish. 7yo.1241. CHRTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 5 ~ = East Indies, north in the Kuro Shiwo to Japan. One fine adult female specimen presented to us by Dr. K. Kishinouye, taken at Boshu (Awa) with the preceding species. It is not certain that this species is the original paradowus of Pallas, but it is obviously nearer to it than the preceding. (zapado&os, paradox.) Family 3. SYNGNATHID. THE PIPE FISHES. Body elongate, usually slender, covered with bony plates which are firmly connected, forming a bony carapace. Head slender, the snout long, tube-like, bearing the short toothless jaws at theend. Gill open- ings reduced to a small aperture behind the upper part of the opercle. Tail long, prehensile or not, usually provided with a small caudal fin. Male fishes with an egg pouch, usually placed on the under side of the tail, sometimes on the abdomen, commonly formed of two folds of skin which meet on the median line. The eggs are received into this pouch and retained until sometime after hatching, when the pouch opens, permitting the young to escape. Dorsal fin single, nearly median, of soft rays only; pectorals small, or wanting; ventrals, none; anal fin minute, usually present. Small fishes, found in all warm seas, some- times entering fresh waters. Syngnathine: a. Tail not prehensile, usually with a caudal fin; axis of head usually in line with axis of body. b. Humeral bones united. c. Pectoral fins present; caudal present. d. Male with the egg pouch under the tail, formed by lateral membranes which become connected along the middle, forming a closed pouch. e. Dorsal fin inserted over or just before the vent. jf. Base of the dorsal fin not raised above the level of the back. g. Opercle not crossed by a horizontal ridge; form slender. Syngnathus. 3. gg. Opercle crossed by a horizontal ridge; form rather robust, the Keehn er Tanyas ea gs) ee Dae Se Corythroichthys. 4. Sf. Base of dorsal fin raised above the level of the back. h. Snout elongate, not serrated nor spinulose; body slender; oper- Cletwithoubmridee .. 2 2os3sght asset obs. se Se Yozia. 5. hh. Snout short, rough or serrate above. i. Opercle without prominent ridge; body slender, without heshivstlaps sis se Ss cee eel a3 195) Trachyrhamphus. 6 vi. Opercle with a prominent ridge; body stout, with fleshy flaps; forehead elevated; nape crested. - - - - Halicampus. 7. ee. Dorsal fin placed at a considerable distance behind the vent; pec- toral and caudal fins very small; base of dorsal not elevated. Urocampus. 8. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. Liippocampine: aa. Tail prehensile; caudal fin small; head shaped like that of a horse, placed at a large angle with axis of body; egg pouch at base of tail. i. Body depressed; shields smooth. .....-.---- Gasterotokeus. 9. vi. Body compressed. j. Occiput without coronet; shields without tubercles. Acentronura. 10. jj. Oceiput with a narrow bony crest, surmounted by a coro- net; shields with tubercles or spines - -. Hippocampus. 11, 3. SYNGNATHUS! Linnaeus. Syngnathus Lixnagus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 337 (acus). Siphostoma RAFINESQUE, Caratteri Nuoyi Generi, 1810, p. 18 (pelagicus). Syngnathus Swarnson, Nat. Hist. Class’n. Anim., If, 1839, p. 332 (acus), and of authors generally; not of Linnaeus, as first restricted by Rafinesque. Dermatostethus Gruu, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 283 ( punctipinnis). ‘Body elongate, very slender, 6 or 7 angled, not compressed, taper- ing into a very long tail; the dorsal keels of the trunk not continuous with those of the tail. Head slender, tapering into a long tube-like, subterete snout, which bears the very short, toothless jaws at the end. Opercle without distinct ridge. Humeral bones firmly united with the ‘‘ breast ring.” Body covered with a series of bony, keeled, radi- ated plates, arranged in linear series. Dorsal fin distinct, rather short, inserted before or after the vent. which is near the middle of the body, its base not elevated above line of back; caudal fin present, ‘rather small; anal fin minute, close behind vent; pectorals developed, short and rather broad. Male fishes with an egg pouch along the under side of the tail, formed by two cutaneous folds, and splitting lengthwise to release the young fishes. Species very numerous, inhabiting all warm seas; abounding in bays among the seaweeds, and entering the rivers. The females in most species are deeper than the males, with more robust trunk, with longer snout, and a more distinet ventral keel. (ovr, together; yvados, jaw.) a. Snout slender, 13 in head; body rings about 19+ 40; dorsal rays about 37; body slender; coloration plain! 22202 2225 Se 5 foe we ee te C1 AO cL mmet 1The genus Syngnathus of Linnaeus, originally equivalent to the modern family of Syngnathide, was first subdivided by Rafinesque in 1810. The name Siphostoma was given to S. pelagicus and its relatives, the Syngnathus of late writers; that of Tiphle to S. typhle, the Siphonostoma of late writers; while Syngnathus was retained for S. aequoreus and its relatives, the group now usually called Nerophis, the type of Nerophis being Syngnathus ophidion Linnaeus. This arrangement has been previously adopted by us, but it is open to two very serious objections besides the fact that it is contrary to the general usage, which makes acus the type of Syngnathus, in accord- ance with Swainson’s arrangement. These objections are (1) that Artedi, from whom Linnaeus accepted the genus Syngnathus, did not know of the existence of Syngnathus xquoreus, and (2) the statement of Linnaeus (which we have been unable to verify), that the type of each of his genera is the ‘‘ best known European or officinal species.” Syngnathus acus would meet this requirement, but not Syngna- thus equoreus, which had not then been found in Europe. no.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AN] SNYDER. 7 4. SYNGNATHUS SCHLEGELI (Kaup). YOJI-UWO (CHOPSTICK OR TOOTHPICK FISH). Syngnathus tenvirostris SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 273, pl. cxx, fig. 5, Nagasaki (not of Rathke). Syngnathus schlegeli! Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 46, Nagasaki, after Schlegel.— DumeritL, Hist. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 554. Siphostoma schlegeli JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. S$. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1901, p. 350, Tokyo. Syngnathus griseolineatus IsH1KAwa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 5, Kagoshima (not of Ayres). Head 2+ to 24 in trunk; head and trunk 14 to 12 in tail; rings 19+ 40 (18 to 20+ 39 to 48); dorsal rays 37 (85 to 41). Snout slender, 2 in head (12 to 1%). Egg peouch 1% to 1} in tail. Dorsal inserted opposite the vent, or very slightly in sdganee of it, covering 8 or 9 rings; depth of body 43 to 4% in head. The specimens from Aomori are more slender, the depth 5 to 6 in head. Color light or dark brownish, frequently with small whitish dots. Bays of Japan. Exceedingly common from Hokkaido to Nagasaki. Our many specimens from Otaru, Mororan, Hakodate, Aomori, Mat- sushima, Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, Tsuruga, and Onomichi. North- ern examples are slightly slenderer, with rather longer snout, and the number of rings more often approaches the maximum. No tangible distinction is, however, apparent. (Named for Professor Schlegel, of Leyden, the learned author of the volume on fishes in the Fauna Japonica.) AZ CORY Li RO ETS) Kearuip: Corythroichthys Kaur, Lophobranchiates, 1856, p. 25 (albirostris). This genus is composed of stout-bodied roughish pipe-fishes, in which the opercle is crossed by a horizontal ridge, and the base of the dorsal fin is not elevated. Top of head keeled; dorsal rays and body rings rather few. Tropical. (kopvdpos, crown; tyOUs, fish.) a. Snout short, about 2 in head; body rings about 17 + 35; dorsal rays about 29; body robust with marked angles; color olive, with dark bars; sides of head with black Mireaksulinodi with blacks bardi222 aes oe sn sees esse San seoe ets ol isigakius. 5. 5. CORYTHROICHTHYS ISIGAKIUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. (Plate V.) Head 7% in length; 24 in trunk; depth 23 in head; snout 24; eye 5; dorsal 27, on 6 rings; anal 4; rings 16+-35. Body short, rather thick; snout very slender, about as long as rest of head, straight, subterete in form ae not eu a crest on each ee schlegeli Gites ts ein seems to be a different fish. D. 40; osseous rings 19 + 44 to 46; tail more than thrice length of trunk, ete. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. side of head above eyes; interorbital space deeply concave; a promi- nent median crest of 3 lobes; opercle with a keel and a covered ridge above it; ridges of body strongly developed; neither the dorsal nor the lateral keels of body connected with dorsal keels of tail. Dorsal inserted just- posterior to anal opening; caudal contained 3 times in head. Color light gray, with numerous diffuse dark cross bands, arranged in pairs, a black dot at edge of each plate on dorsal keel; sides of head with three black longitudinal streaks, the lowest below eye; throat below with a black median streak, behind which are three black cross bars, these bars wanting in one specimen. Described from the type, No. 6519, Leland Stanford Junior University collection, taken at Yaeyama, Ishigaki Island, Riukiu group, by Capt. Alan Owston. Other examples from the same locality measure as follows: Head 2} to 22 in trunk; head and trunk 11 to 14 in tail; rings 16+34 to 36; D. 27 to 29. Length 110 to 150 millimeters. (Ishigaki, stone-fence in Japanese.) 5. YOZIA Jordan and Snyder, new genus: Yozia JORDAN and SNYDER, new genus (wakanoure). This genus is closely allied to Zrachyrhamphus, with which it agrees in the elevated base of the dorsal fin. The snout is, however, essentially as in Syngnathus, elongate and without serrations above. ( Yoj/-wvo, or toothpick tish, the Japanese name for all pipe-fishes. ) 6. YOZIA WAKANOURZ Jordan and Snyder, new species. (Plate VI.) ?Syngnathus coarctatus BuEEKrER, Fischf. Amboyna, 1857, p. 99, Amboyna.— DumeriL, Hist. Poiss, II, 1870, p. 569, Amboyna. ? Syngnathus zanzibarensis GUNTHER, Fishes Zanzibar, 1866, p. 140, pl. xx, fig. 5, Zanzibar; Coll. Lieut. Playfair; Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 168, Zanzibar, China. Head 24 in trunk; head and trunk 14 in tail; rings 24+59. D. 27; P. 16; C. 5. Snout more than half head, equal to distance from front of eye to posterior edge of front ring, which is very near tip of pectoral. Eye 4 in snout, 2 in postorbital space. Snout slender, its upper edge smooth. Interorbital space rather broad, concave; occiput and nape with a low, roughish median ridge, or keel, posteriorly; a low keel above opercle; trunk rather deeper than broad, slightly swollen at the middle under the elevated base of dorsal fin; depth of body 43 in head, 47 in total length. No spines. Vent below middle of dorsal, which stands on six rings. Color very dark brown, with lighter and darker marblings. One female specimen, 265 millimeters long, taken by Jordan and Snyder at Wakanoura. (Type, No. 6517, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum.) We describe it as new with some doubt, as the East Indian forms coarctata and zanztharensis are very close to it. . no.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 9 It agrees very ploceh: oe Bie Ganiher s Sascounit of zanz Hbrirens Be itictanding the wide difference in locality. From Duméril’s account of coarctata it differs in the slightly longer snout and greater nuchal keel. Duméril regards Zanzibarensis as identical with Syngna- thus coarctatus from Amboyna, which may be correct. In)” coarctata the rings are 22 + 59 to 63; D. 30; P. 19; occiput not keeled. 6. TRACHYRHAMPHUS Kaup. Trachyrhamphus Kaur, Lophobranchiates, 1856, p. 25 (serratus Kaup, not of Schlegel. ) This genus is very close to Syngnathus, from which it-differs in hav- ing the base of the dorsal elevated, forming a slight protuberance on the back, and in having the upper edge of the snout serrated. Japan. (rpayxvs, rough; paugos, snout.) 7. TRACHYRHAMPHUS SERRATUS (Schlegel). Syngnathus serratus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 272, pl. cxx, fig. 4, Nagasaki.—B.erKker, Verh. Bat. Gen., Nalez, X XV, p. 55, Japan.—Gin- THER, Cat. Fishes, VIII, 1870, p. 167, North China, Siam.—Dumertin, Hist. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 5388, Macao.—Day, Fishes of India, p. 677, pl. cLxxim1, fig. 4.—Nysrrom, Handl. Svensk. Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 47, Nagasaki.—Day, Fish. Brit. India, IJ, p. 461. Trachyrhamphus cultrirostris Prerers, Monatsber, Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1869, p. 710 (said to be a young example). Head 4 to 44 in trunk; head and trunk 12 in tail. Rings 23 or 24+ 46 to 48. Dorsal rays 26 to 28; pectoral 15 or 16; caudal 9. Snout 24 in head. Eye 14 in snout, 2 in postorbital part of head. Snout strongly serrated above, on its basal two-thirds. Interorbital space broad, with the orbital ridges prominent, smooth; occiput and nape witha median ridge. Opercle finely radiated. Lateral line bent downward, passing into the edge of abdomen. Body scarcely deeper than broad; shields without spines. Vent nearly below middle of dor- sal fin, which stands on six rings. Base of dorsal elevated; egg pouch 14 to 2 in tail. Color dark brown, plates with paler edges; body faintly banded in rings; neck below with dark cross-bands. Length about 300 millimeters. Coasts of Japan and China; rather common. Known to us from numerous specimens from Yokohama, Wakanoura, and Nagasaki; the present description from specimens from Wakanoura (Serratus, serrate.) 7. HALICAMPUS Kaubp. Halicampus Kaur, Lophobranchii, 1856, p. 22, (conspicillatus Kaup, not of Jenyns. ) This genus agrees with Zrachyrhamphus in the serrated snout and in the elevated base of the dorsal fin. The snout is thin and short, set 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. with rows of small spines distinctly separated from the high forehead and elevated orbits. Nape and breast with comb-like crest. Dorsal fin short. Angles of body rough, furnished with fleshy tags. East Indies. (@As, sea; Kapros, caterpillar.) 8. HALICAMPUS KOILOMATODON (Bleeker). Halicampus conspicillatus Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 22, ‘‘India,’? New Holland (not of Jenyns). Halicampus grayi Kaur, Manuscript British Museum, ‘‘India,’’ (noted by Kaup in synonymy). Syngnathus koilomatodon BuEEeKer, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., Japan, V. p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 1, Nagasaki. Specimen 4 inches long. Syngnathus grayi GéNTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 169, after Kaup’s type of uncertain locality, possibly Australia. D. 20. Rings 18+ 35. Base of dorsal fin elevated. Snout less than half head, with series of minutes spines; forehead high, its pro- file abruptly descending toward snout. Occiput and neck elevated into a crest; eyes large, prominent; edge of orbit rough. Opercle with radiating striz and a strong ridge bent upward; humerus with a trihedral prominence. Body not deeper than broad; shields without spines, but the ventral edges of the caudal rings forming a pouch horizontally dilated. Tail half longer than the body. Vent below middle of dorsal, which stands on four rings. Caudal very small. Egg pouch half length of tail. A deep brown spot on side of fourth body ring. (Giinther.) Coasts of Japan and southward, rare; recorded from Nagasaki by Bleeker. Not seen by us. We use the name o7lomatodon as being prior to the adoption of gray by any author, and also as its type is certainly of Japanese origin. (KoiA@pa, a hallowed place; odors, tooth.) 8. UROCAMPUS Gunther: Urocampus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p.179 (manus). Pipe-fishes, with the dorsal on the tail far behind the vent. Body elongate, compressed, with distinct longitudinal ridges; upper edge of trunk continuous with that of tail; lateral line continuous with lower caudal edge. ‘Tail elongate, very slender, quadrangular, tapering, the last rings very small; pectoral developed. Dorsal entirely on the tail. g 2 ] ] J (ovpa, tail; Kapzros, abbreviation for Hippocampus. ) g. UROCAMPUS RIKUZENIUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. (Plate VII.) Head 113 in length, 24 in trunk; depth 23 in head; snout 24; eye 63; dorsal 16, on 5 rings; anal rings 11+ 59. : Body short; the depth anterior to anal opening about equal to length of snout; tail long, very slender, tapering to an extremely small caudal no.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 1 peduncle. Snout scarcely lower than forehead; its depth equal to diameter of eye; chin with two slender barbels, slightly longer than diameter of eye. Supraorbital ridges converging to median ridge of snout; lateral ridges of snout converging above at the tips. Opercle with divergent strizw, a ridge near the middle and one along its upper edge. Occiput with a low, three-lobed, median ridge. Dorsal keels of body continuous with those of tail; lateral keels of body continuous with the ventrolateral keels of tail; median line of belly with a high, narrow keel; under part of tail with a low ridge. Distance from dorsal to vent 5% times in tail; the height of dorsal about equal to depth of tail at base of fin; its base with a low ridge. Length of pectoral somewhat greater than the diameter of eye. Anal very small. Caudal minute, scarcely discernible. Color dark brown, with white spots along the edges of each ring, these more conspicuous on tail, forming cross-bands; a dark streak along median line of belly. A single-specimen 119 millimeters long, type No. 6520 Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, taken in Matsushima Bay. It is very close to Urocampus nanus, described from a single female speci- men from Manchuria; but that species has the rings 11+ 50, appar- ently no barbels, a smooth operculum, and no anal fin, characters which, if authentic, may be of generic value. (Rikuzen, the province in which Sendai and Matsushima are located.) 9WGAS TH ROTOK EUs) Heekel. Gasterotokeus Hecke, in Kaup, Lophobranchiate Fish, 1856, p.18 (biaculeatus). Syngnathoides Burrxer, Nat. Tydskr. Ned. Ind., I], p. 259 (bloch7). General form of Syngnathus, but the tail finless and prehensile. Body depressed, the lateral line running along the margin of the abdomen. Shields smooth. Tail shorter than the rest of the body. Pectorals present. Males carrying the eggs embedded in the soft membrane of the abdomen without a pouch. (vaornp, belly; ToKos, foetus.) 10. GASTEROTOKEUS BIACULEATUS (Bloch). Syngnathus biaculeatus Buocn, Ichthyol., IV, 1787, p. 10, pl. cxxt, figs. 1, 2, Kast Indies. Gasterotokeus biaculeatus Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 19, Canton, Malayan Fishes, 1850, p. 387.—GtnrneEr, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 194, Zanzibar, Seychelles, Singapore, Amboyna, Celebes, Philippines, *China Sea, Cape York.— Dumerit, Hist. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 528; Amboyna, Nias, China, Red Sea, Zanzibar, Madagascar.—GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 149; Shimoda.—Isuikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 4, Miyakoshima. Gasterotoceus biaculeatus, Day, Fish. India, pp. 6, 81, pl. cixxiv, fig. 5; Fish. Brit. India, II, p. 467. Syngnathus tetragonus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 1453, after Bloch. Syngnathoides blochii Buerxer, Nat. Tydskr. Ned. Ind., II, p. 259. Solegnathus blochii BLerKer, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXV, p. 24. 1? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. Rings 18 + 45 to 55. D. 40 to 45; P. 17 to 28. Head 2 in trunk; tail shorter than trunk. A more or less distinct space on upper margin of orbit. A blunt prominence on occiput. Origin of dorsal nearly opposite vent, its base covering ten rings; usually a small barbel on mandible; adult sometimes with minute filaments along lower side of head, body, and tail. (Giinther.) Color pale green or brown, orange below, a pale spot edged with vermilion on each body-ring; lower side of head with dark markings. (Day.) East Indies, common, rarely north to Japan; one specimen taken at Shimoda by Commodore Perry’s expedition; a specimen from Miyako- -shima in the Imperial Museum of Tokyo; none taken by us. (07s, two; aculea, spine. ) 10. ACENTRONURA Kaup. Acentronura Kaur, Lophobranchiates, 1856, p. 18 (gracilissima) . Small slender sea-horses, without coronet. Trunk slightly com- pressed; tail prehensile and finless. Occiput compressed into a crest, without coronet. Shields without spines. Pectoral fins present. Edge of trunk continuous with that of tail. Egg pouch as in //ppo- campus, at base of tail.- (a—, without; Kévtporv, spine; oupa, tail.) 11. ACENTRONURA GRACILISSIMA (Schlegel). Hippocampus gracilissimus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., p. 274, pl. cxx, fig. 6, Nagasaki. Acentronura gracillima Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 18, Nagasaki (rings 42 to 45).— GinrueR, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 198, after Schlegel.—Dumerit, Hist. Nat. Poiss. II, 1870, p. 527, after Schlegel.—? Day,! Fish. India, p. 681, pl. cLxxv1, fig. 1; ? Fish. Brit. India, II, p. 467, Andamans.—Nysrrom, Hand]. Svensk. Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 47, Nagasaki. Head 1% in trunk; head and trunk 1$ in tail; rings 13+ 45 or 46° (41 to 45, Day). _D. 16; ‘P. 12; A.3.” Snout 25 1m head; eye 13.0 snout; 2 in postorbital part of head. Egg pouch on 13 plates; dorsal on 4 rings; two on tail; its base with a prominent elevation. Dorsal ridges of body continuous with those of tail. Suborbital ridges very prominent, joining above the snout to form a triangular crest, then spreading out to form a triangular figure above snout. Occiput divided by a depression; body slightly thicker than head. Color brownish, with small pale dots and dark markings; dorsal with groups of small blackish dots, forming a dark crossband. Coast of Japan, rare; one fine male specimen 62 millimeters long obtained off Misaki in the Kuro Shiwo (gracilimus, very slender). 'The two specimens from the Andamans dredged by Mr. J. Wood-Mason :re described by Dr. Day as having 13 + 41 to 45 rings. —— no.1241. CHRTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. is 11. HIPPOCAMPUS Rafinesque. SEA-HORSES. Hippocampus RAFINESQUE, Indice d’Ittiologia Siciliana, 1810, p. 37 (hippocampus). Hippocampus Leacu, Zool. Mise., 1814, p. 103 (hippocampus). Body strongly compressed, the belly gibbous, tapering abruptly to a long, quadrangular, prehensile tail. Head with a distinct curved neck, placed nearly at a right angle with the direction of the body, surmounted by a compressed occipital crest, on the top of which is an angular, star-shaped coronet; top and sides of the head with spines. Physiognomy remarkably horselike, like that of a conventional “knight” at chess. Body and tail covered with bony plates, forming rings, those on the body each with six spines or tubercles, those on the tail with four. Pectoral fins present, short and broad; anal min- ute, usually present; dorsal fin moderate, opposite the vent. Egg pouch in the male a sac at the base of the tail, terminating near the vent. Species numerous in all warm seas. They attach themselves by their tails to seaweed and other floating substances, and are often carried to great distances by currents. (ixz0Kap7os, the ancient name, from izzos, horse; KQMTOS, % wriggling sea monster, or a caterpillar.) «a. Dorsal fin long, of 15 to 18 rays. b. Snout long, 2 to 24 in head; coronet low. c. Spines of neck ai body cre much lower than coronet; size large. d. Spines on body not enlarged at intervals, the rings being each similar to its neighbor; rings 114-39; color brown, with white streaks and specks. kelloggi. 12 dd. Spines on body enlarged at intervals, the rings being not uniform; rings 11+ 38 to 36. e. Snout equal to postorbital part of head; spines obtuse; color jet black, Wien Pra vIsh Wands ang, spots) 2525s. S22 2S Jose ss see aterrimus. 13 ee. Snout longer than postorbital part of head; spines rather sharp; color brown, variously blotched and spotted.............-.------- kuda, 14 cc. Spines of neck and body very high, the longest as high as coronet; color brown, with white dots; snout with brown rings --.------------ histria. 15 bb. Snout short, nearly 3 in head; size small. f. Coronet very low, compressed, without filaments; spines very low, blunt; tail very slim; color brown, plain or irregularly banded. japonicus. 16 ff. Coronet high, compressed, first laterally then longitudinally, with fila- ments; spines all high, many of them filamentous; color greenish : Crave wilordarker MAGKIMGG == \= eee eee ate cteclie ce — = SUUCOIISs Ly, aa. Dorsal fin short, of 10 to 13 rays; size small; coronet high; spines high, some of them filamentous. g. Snout short, nearly 3 in head; coronet compressed, notched, the an- terior part with long filaments. No small spine before each large supraorbital spine; body and tail banded with dark~..-mohnikei. 18 gy. Snout long, slender, about 24 in head, as long as postorbital part of head; coronet very high, pedunculate, not notched crosswise, its tip ending in about 6 lobes or spines; color various, usually with small lehtion darkidots on streaks ......0:.--.---.-- coronatus. 19 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 12, HIPPOCAMPUS KELLOGGI Jordan and Snyder, new species. O-UMI-UMA (GREAT SEA-HORSE). (Plate VIII. ) Hippocampus longirostris SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 273, Naga- saki, (not of Cuvier).—Gtnruer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 202, China, Formosa.—Nysrrom, Hand]. Svensk. Vet. Akad., 1887, p. 47, Nagasaki.— IsHixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 4, ‘‘Japan.”’ Head 14 in trunk; trunk 2 in tail. D.17; P.18. Rings 11+39, each of them essentially similar to its neighbors, none of them espe- cially enlarged. Snout long, as long as from posterior margin of orbit to knob above gill opening. Eye about 3 in snout; supraorbital spine simple, not divided; no spine on median line before eye. Depth of body at tenth ring 1} times snout. Dorsal on 35 rings (1§+2). Egg pouch on 7 rings. Coronet low, about as high as eye, slanting back- ward and with 6 diverging blunt spines; spines of body all low and obtuse; no filaments. Color uniform yellowish brown or leather-color; with small seat- tered spots and short streaks of white on sides of head and trunk, most numerous about eyes; dorsal with a dark cross shade. Coasts of Kiusiu, not common, and known to us from a large dried example, 8 inches long, from Kagoshima. Type.—No. 6521, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, presented by the Imperial University, and collected by Professor Mitsukuri. This is evidently the //ippocampus longirostris of Schlegel, but not of Cuvier, whose species is based on a figure of Willughby. It is close to //. kuda, but differs, at least, in the greater number of rings and in their uniformity. (Named for Prof.. Vernon Lyman Kelloge, of Stanford University.) 55? 13. HIPPOCAMPUS ATERRIMUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. KURO UMI-UMA (BLACK SEHA-HORSE). (Plate IX. ) Head 14 in trunk; tail twice as long as trunk; D.17. P.16. A. 4. Rings 11+36. Ege pouch of male on 9 rings. Length of snout equal to postorbital part of head; eye 3 in snout, equal to depth of snout. Body very deep, the depth of tenth ring twice snout. Spines low and blunt, without filaments, those on first, fourth, and seventh body rings more prominent, also on first, fifth, eighth or ninth, and twelfth or thirteenth rings of tail. This character variable. Spines below dorsal not higher than others. Supraorbital spines blunt and low, pointing outward and slightly backward, notched or rather with a low yo.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. LS protuberance before each. A small blunt spine before eye. Coronet low, obliquely truncate, with three knob-like processes posteriorly, pointing backward. Base of dorsal elevated on 13-+-1% rings. Color purplish black, almost inky; grayish marblings along the prominent rings on body and tail, forming irregular crossbars. Gray- ish streaks on gill covers and other parts of head; tips of spines and warts grayish; dorsal with a blackish terminal band; dark streaks along each ray; pectoral and anal with a dark cross band. East Indies north to Japan. Known to us from six specimens, all alike, black, taken by Capt. Alan Owston, at Yaeyama, in the Ishigaki Islands, Riukiu. These are from 90 to 140 millimeters long. Type.—No. 6516, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. This agrees in general with the accounts of //ippocampus huda Bleeker, from the East Indies (wrongly called //. guttulatus), but that species has 11+33 rings, and typical specimens differ greatly in color from our specimens. The original account of //. melanospilus by Bleeker differs equally. We may therefore provisionally regard our examples as distinct. ; (Aterrimus, very black.) 14. HIPPOCAMPUS KUDA Bleeker. Hippocampus kuda Burekur, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., III, 1852, p. 82, Singapore.— BLeekeEr, Verh. Bat. Gen., X XV, p. 26.—Dumenit, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, p. 506, after Bleeker. Hippocampus moluccensis BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., III, 1852, p. 305, Molucea. Hippocampus teniopterus BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned» Ind., III, 1852, p. 306. Hippocampus polytenia BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., III, 1852, p. 338, Floris. Hippocampus comes Kapur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 10 (not of Cantor). Hippocampus punctulatus, guttulatus and monicket GtUnruer, Fish. Zanzibar, p. 139, Zanzibar (not of authors). ; Hippocampus guttulatus (part of authors) Gitnruer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 202 (Zanzibar, Amboyna, Red Sea, Floris) (not of Cuvier, H. hippocampus from Venice).—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 4, Kagoshima, Miyakoshima. Head 14 in trunk; trunk 1% in tail; rings, 11-+35. D.17; P. 16. Snout as long as from eye to knob above gill opening. Eye 3 in snout; snout 1} in depth of body; dorsal on, 15+ 13 rings. Supraorbital spine simple, pointed outward and slightly backward. Body more slender than in //. aterriémus, the snout longer. The spines much more prominent and somewhat acute, arranged much as in //. ater- rimus, with enlarged one on first, fourth, seventh, and eleventh body rings, and first, fifth, sixth, ninth, twelfth, and fifteenth tail rings; no filaments. Color light-brown, with gray streaks and blotches; white lines radiating from eye and white streaks on snout and side of neck; the pale markings on side of body in our specimen suggest coralline patches; dorsal with a dark cross-shade. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. Kast facies: widely disueibure d, north to Riu Kiu Islands. This description is from a specimen 115 millimeters long, from Ishigaki, Yaeyama Island, Riukiu. We identify this specimen with //. huda with some doubt, and we are not sure of the synonymy of the species, even if the identification be accepted. According to Dr. Day, the number of rings in //. huda (guttulatus) is 11 + 33. The relations of this species to the other large-sized and long-nosed sea horses are still obscure. (Kuda, a tube, in Japanese. ) 15. HIPPOCAMPUS HISTRIX Kaup. Hippocampus histriv Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 17, pl. 1, fig. 5, Japan. Hippocampus hystrix G&énrHer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 206, Zanzibar.— DumertL, Hist. Nat. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 514, Nagasaki, Ile of Reunion. Dorsal rays 17 or 18. Snout thin, elongate, longer than rest of head, as long as distance from front of orbit to first nuchal spine; all the tubercles of body developed into long, slender, acute spines, those on certain rings longer than the others. Color pale, with numerous white dots; snout with broad dark rings; each spine black at tip. Length, 25 inches. (Giinther, Zanzibar specimens.) Kaup does not count the fin rays, and says that his specimen is uniformiy colored. In his figure the spines along the back are higher than the coronet. and 24 to 3§ in length of snout; the coronet is very low, bifurcate at tip; spines on back of tail especially prominent; body slender. East Indies: a few specimens known, recorded from Japan, Zanzibar and the Isle of Reunion, not seen by us. (Llystrix, porcupine.) 16. HIPPOCAMPUS JAPONICUS Kaup. KITA-NO UMI-UMA (NORTHERN SEA HORSE). (Plate X.) Hippocampus japonicus Kaur, Lophobr., 1856, p. 7, Nagasaki, Leyden Museum.— Dumerit, Hist. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 505, same type. Head 132° (1$ to 13) in trunk; trunk 2 to 23 in tail; D. 16 or 175 P. 11 o0r12. Rings 11+ 39. Snout 23 to 3 in head. Eye 13 to 2 in snout. Snout 2 to 24 in depth of bales Coronet from gill-opening, 14 to 14 in snout. Teel covering 2+ 14 rings. Prominent rings 1,4, 7, 11 on the body; 5, 10, 15 on tail, these subject to considerable | variation. The body moderately deep, the tail very slim, the snout very short. Spines on body blunt and short. Coronet low, compressed, keel-like; supraocular spine low; no Splat before eye. Spines at base of dorsal little enlarged. Length 23 inches. Color various. A specimen from Tokyo is light brown, with two black cross bands on body and four of different widths on tail; head no.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. I 4 mottled; a dark bar at base of snout. Dorsal usually dusky with a pale median band. A specimen from Hakodate is leather brown, with dark markings on head; middle line of breast black; tail dark. A specimen from Onomichi is nearly uniform livid gray. One from Hakodate has almost no coronet. The combination of low, keel-like coronet with the short snout and 16 dorsal rays at once distinguishes the species. Our numerous specimens are from Hakodate, Matsushima, Tokyo, Onomichi, and Wakanoura. The range of the species is farther to the northward than the others. 17. HIPPOCAMPUS SINDONIS Jordan and Snyder, new species. (Plate XI. ) Head 14 in trunk; trunk 2 in tail. D. 15; P. 14. Rings 10-4 37. Snout short, its length 24 times in head. Eve 1% times in snout. Depth of trunk 1% times snout. Coronet high, almost as high as the length of snout. It is laterally compressed up to its middle, ends anteriorly in an acute triangular spine with a filament, also terminates posteriorly in an acute spine, without filament. From the middle up it is longitudinally compressed, giving rise to a laterally expanded, fan-like process, with five spines, pointing upward; the one next to each end with a filament. Supraorbital spines very prominent, with filaments and a distinct minor spine inthe immediate front of each, all pointing anteriorly, large ones slightly outward as well; a well-marked spine on median line before eyes. Tubercles on body rather high, those in first, fourth, seventh, and tenth body rings, and second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, and thirteenth tail rings enlarged and with filaments. The raised dorsal fin on 143+ 4 rings. Pectorals very much developed. Color greenish gray, with irregular darker markings on body and tail. Head mottled with dark gray on greenish ground, interspersed with light cross bars and streaks. Middle line of belly black. Fins dusky, unmarked except the dorsal, which has a dark band longi- tudinally. Egg pouch occupies seven rings, greenish and covered with prickle-like processes. This species is known from one small specimen, an adult male 38 millimeters long, type No. 47930 U. S. National Museum, dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross in Totomi Bay, off Hamamatsu, in the province of Totomi, Japan. The species is allied to 1. mohnikei, but differs in the form of coronet, the number of fin rays, and slimness of body, and also its size, which is much smaller than the smallest specimen of mohniker. (Named for Michitaro Sindo, late of Yamaguchi, assistant curator of fishes in Stanford University.) Proc. N. M. vol. xxiv—01 2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 18. HIPPOCAMPUS MOHNIKEI Bleeker. (Plate XIT. ) TATSU-NO-OTOSIGO (DRAGON’S CHILD). Hippocampus brevirostris ScHiecEL, Fauna Japonica, p. 274, Nagasaki, not of Cuvier (H. hippocampus). Hippocampus mohnikei Burrker, Verh. Ak. Met. Amst., 1851, pp. 7, 16, Kamino- seki Island, Prov. Suwo, Inland Sea.—Kavp, Lophobr., 1856, p. 8, Nagasaki, coll. Von Siebold.—Gitnruer, Cat. Fishes, VIII, p. 206, after Bleeker.— Dumertt, Hist. Nat. Poiss, I], 1870, p. 521, after Bleeker.—Isuikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p.4, Boshu (Awa), near Tokyo. Head 14 in trunk; trunk 14 to 2 in tail. D. 11-13; P. 10-12. Rings 10+ 36 or 37. Egg pouch on 6 rings. Eye 24 in snout. Snout 23 in head, 2 to 24 in depth of body, as long as from front of orbit to postorbital spine. Coronet 2 to 2} in snout; dorsal on 24 rings. First, fourth, seventh, and tenth body rings, and third, sixth, tenth, and thirteenth tail rings prominent. : Coronet high, compressed, divided; the anterior part with long fila- ments, the posterior with 5 or 6 spines. Supraorbital spines simple, high, each with a long filament, and with or without a small spine before the large one; a median spine before eye. Snout short, thick. Spines on body high, the long ones on back and tail each with a long filament. Color gray, with 8 to 10 faint, dark cross bands; snout pale; dorsal with a dark band anda pale edge. Young with the band more dis- tinct. Southern Japan, north to Tokyo. Known to us from two specimens from Misaki, about 83 and 55 millimeters long; and one, 90 millimeters long, from Enoura on Suruga Bay, presented by the Imperial University. This latter and the smaller one from Misaki are both light brown in color, with the dorsal bands, body bands, and median line on belly colored dark brown. In size the small Misaki specimen is less than two-thirds of the Enoura specimen, although both are full-grown adults. The species isallied to Z/. coronatus, but has the snout much shorter. and the coronet lower and of a peculiar form. (Named for the discoverer, Dr. O. G. B. Mohnike.) 19. HIPPOCAMPUS CORONATUS Schlegel. TSUNO-UMIUMA (HORNED SEA-HORSE). od Hippocampus coronatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 274, pl. cxx, fig. 8, NagasakiimKaup, Lophobr., 1856, p. 16, Nagasaki.—Gitnruer, Cat. — Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 205, after Schlegel.—Dummrit, Hist. Poiss., II, 1870, p. 520, after Schlegel.—Isnrkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 4, Tokyo. Head 14 to 13 in trunk; trunk 12 to 2 in tail; D. 13 or 14; P. 11. Rings 10+ 38 to 40. Snout slender, about as long as postorbital part no.1241. CERTAIN FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. ibs) of head; eye 3 in snout; snout 1} to 1% in greatest depth or body. Coronet very high, pedunculate, not divided into two parts at the top; varying in form, its length from gill opening about equal to snout; its tip usually with six lobes or spines. Spines of head and body promi- nent, the coronet usually with a long filament; other spines occasion- ally prominent. First, fourth, and tenth body rings prominent, and usually the fourth, sixth, tenth, fourteenth, and sixteenth of the tail. Spines at base of dorsal especially long and eee Dorsal short, inserted on 13 + 1 = 24 rings; egg pouch on 7 rings. Color various, usually light brown with dark dots and mottlings, sometimes with pale dots and streaks, sometimes with dark brown streaks, the ground color sometimes almost black; usually light or dark streaks on opercle. Dorsal generally with a blackish band and pale edge, sometimes streaked like the body. Coasts of Japan, very common, in clear waters near shore. 2922_ =" Chloea. 15 rr. Pectoral with silk-like rays above; chin not prominent, head very broad, de- pressed; scales minute, cycloid. Chasmias. 16 kk. Soft dorsal and anal long, the former of 14 to 30 rays; dorsal spines 7 to 10. u. Scales very small, often cycloid; tongue rounded; head compressed, narrow above, isthmus rather nar- row, mouth moderate, oblique; pectoral with free silk-like rays above; soft dorsal and anal rays numerous, slender; color bright. Pterogobius. 17 uu. Seales moderate, ctenoid; mouth moderate; isthmus broad. vz. Soft dorsal moderate, of 14 to 20 rays. w. Cheeks naked; snout short, very bluntly decurved; mouth large, very oblique; pectorals without silk-like rays. Suruga. 18 ww. Cheeks scaly, at least above; snout long, moderately de- curved. : x. Pectorals without free silk-like rays above. Acanthogobius. 19 : vx. Pectorals with free silk-like rays above -.-Sagamia. 20 vv. Soft dorsal very long, of 20 or more rays; body elongate; caudal pointed; cheeks naked. Synechogobius. 21 jj). Chin and edge of lower jaw with barbels. x. Dorsal short, about 6 to 11; scales ctenoid, moderate; barbels many on each side; isthmus broad; (a_ black ocellus on base of caudal above). Paracheturichthys. 22 vv. Dorsals long, the rays VIII- 14 to 25. 7 no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. aL y- Barbels about 3 on each side; cheeks scaly; scales cy- cloid, deciduous, of moder- atesize; caudal fin pointed; isthmus narrow. Cheturichthys. 23 yy. Barbels about 10 on each side; isthmus narrow; seales moderate, rather firm; caudal fin truncate; dorsal raysshort VIII-15. Ainosus. 24 ii. Teeth trifid in the outer series, the inner series simple; body robust, covered with rather large ctenoid scales; head very broad; cheeks tumid, scaleless; tongue rounded; gill openings separated by a broad isthmus; pectoral without silky rays; ven- trals as in Gobius, not adnate to the belly; dorsal spines 6; soft dorsal and anal short. z. Edge of preopercle, pre- orbital, and ramiof lower jaw with fringes of bar- bels; a large pore be- hind eye. Trixnopogon. 25 zz. Kdge of preopercle, pre- orbital, and lower jaw without barbels. Tridentiger. 26 aa. Luciogobiine. Spinous dorsal wanting or reduced to a rudiment of less than 6 rays; ventrals small, united in a short, rounded flap; body naked or with small embedded seales; head broad, depressed above, with tumid cheeks; teeth simple; soft dorsal and anal of moderate length. Spinous dorsal present, of three small spines; isthmus broad. b’. Body short and deep; the skin largely scaly --.----.-......-.- -Astrabe, 27 bb’. Body elongate. af ad. Mouth large, oblique, the chin projecting; body chiefly naked; insertion of dorsal opposite that of anal; suborbital with barbels_-_--.-- Clariger. 28 cc’. Mouth small, the chin included; body largely scaly; insertion of dorsal far in front of that of anal; suborbital without barbels. ( Huteniichthys. 29 aa’. Spinous dorsal wanting. d’. Isthmus broad; anal fin moderate, its insertion almost directly below that of dorsal; mouth large, oblique; coloration dark. i Luciogobius. 30 dd’, Isthmus very narrow, the gill openings continued forward below; anal long, its insertion considerably before that of dorsal; mouth moderate; COMOn EADS NCOMby. Greg ee a8 otal sc ag. 2 2 Leucopsarion. 31 II. Soft dorsal and anal very long, joined to the caudal; body eel-shaped, elongate and compressed, naked, or covered with very small scales. e’. Trypauchenine. Temporal region with a deep pit; eyes distinct, small; teeth small; ventral fins small. J’. Ventral fins divided, but united at base....--..----- Trypauchen. 32 ee’, Gobioidine. Temporal region without fossa; eyes scarcely visible; teeth very long; curved, fang-like. g’. Soft dorsal and anal very long, of 35 to 50 rays each. Txnioides. 33 388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 1. VIREOSA Jordan and Snyder, new genus. Vireosa JoRDAN and Snyper, new genus (han). Body greatly elongate, compressed, covered with minute, cycloid, separated, partly embedded scales; head naked, comparatively short, the forehead blunt, rounded; eyes large; chin with a long, flat barbel, followed by three smaller ones. Mouth large, subvertical; some of the teeth long; small canines present. Ventral fins entirely separate, the rays I, 4. Caudal fin with the upper and lower rays ending in long filaments. Dorsal spines not produced, the rays about VI-25; anal fin long. Gill openings wide, the isthmus narrow; gill-rakers long and slender, pseudo-branchiz present. A single species known, from the coast of Japan. The genus is not close to any other, being nearest Ptereleotris and Oxymetopon. (Vireo, to grow green, the name of a genus of birds.) - 1. VIREOSA HAN Ze Jordan and Snyder, new species. Head 5} in length; depth, 63; depth of caudal peduncle, 93; eye, 33 in head; snout, 44; maxillary, 22; D. VI-25; A. 25; P. 21. Body very long; slender; compressed; caudal peduncle deep. Head short; its depth contained 14 times in its length. Interorbital space slightly convex; the distance between the eyes about equal to their Fic. 1.—VIREOSA HAN. longitudinal diameter. Eye large; directed laterally. Snout shorter than diameter of eye; blunt. Lower jaw projecting beyond the upper. Cleft of mouth large; almost vertical. Maxillary extending to a per- pendicular passing midway between pupil and anterior edge of orbit; entirely concealed. Teeth in upper jaw in 2 series; the outer con- sisting of a few large, curved, fang-like canines; the inner of minute, simple teeth, growing close up to and between the canines; side of lower jaw with canines, 2 of which are notably large; minute teeth growing between the larger ones; posteriorly the jaw curves upward; its surface having a row of minute teeth. Tongue slender; compressed laterally; the tip free. Gill openings wide; extending forward below; the width of isthmus separating them about equal to half the diameter of eye. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without protuberances. Pseudo- branchie present. Gill-rakers on first arch long; slender; close set. No.1244. =GOBIOID FISHES OF. JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 39 Chin mites a Taae, median, fl: at ones ebout as feng as S the diameter of eye, followed by 3 minute ones which are concealed when the large one is depressed. Nostrils without tubes. Head naked. Body with minute, cycloid, partly embedded scales; smaller and farther apart anteriorly; larger and more close together posteriorly. The scales appear to the unaided eye like shallow depres- sions in the skin. Dorsals separate; the spines slender and flexible; the first 5 close together and evenly spaced; the sixth far removed; the distance between its base and that of the sixth about equal to the space occu- pied by the first 5; the last spine when depressed reaching insertion of soft dorsal. Anal inserted below the fourth or fifth ray of dorsal; the rays when depressed extending a little farther posteriorly than those of dorsal; neither reaching base of caudal. Caudal long; the upper and lower rays with long, ribbon-like filaments. Ventrals long; divided to the base; rays I, 4; the spine slender. Color in spirits, whitish; growing brownish above; a narrow light band on posterior part of body, running from a point a little above insertion of dorsal, backward and upward to near middle of base of caudal; body below the band yellowish white; eye with a slightly oblique silvery band about as wide as the orbit. Dorsal fins somewhat -dusky; center of caudal dusky; upper and lower parts lighter; upper filaments pearly white; the lower ones dusky; anal light, with a nar- now, pearly band at base; pectoral with an indistinct, crescent-shaped light mark near its base. In life the upper parts are bluish, becoming green on upper part of head with a shade of violet below the green; a reddish blotch at base of pectoral; lateral band above anal, brick red; the band extending on the caudal, where the reddish color becomes diffused over the fin above and below. Spinous dorsal light blue, with a tinge of pink; violet at base, becoming greenish above; 2 indistinct, narrow, blue lines run- ning horizontally near upper edge of fin; caudal bluish, tinged with red; the filaments greenish; pectorals and ventrals with bluish and greenish tints. The upper edge of the dorsal fins is damaged, so that the height of the rays can not be determined. The tips of the pectoral rays are broken off. The upper edge of the fins shows no trace of filaments. Measurements.—Length of body, expressed in millimeters, 94; depth, expressed in hundredths of length, 15; depth of caudal peduncle, 40) length of head, 18; length of snout, 45; width of interorbital Beare, 4 4; diameter of orbit, 54; distance from snout to spinous dorsal, 25 E trai snout to soft dorsal, 48; distance from snout to anal, 525; Reiche of longest anal rays, 13; length of caudal peduncle, 10; length of caudal fin, without filaments, 22; with filaments, 52; length of ventral fins, 17. Type. —No. 6444, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. Kuro Shiwo of Japan, one specimen known; taken off Misaki in a net used to sweep for Mysi’s, by Professor Mitsukuri. Its colors in life are singularly delicate. (/Tana, a flower, the name of Professor Mitsukuri’s daughter.)- 2 UN Sree @) ae exer Eu tiia jo elle Asterroplteryx RiiprEii, Atlas, Reise in Nord Afrika, 1828, p. 188 (semipunctatus). Priolepis Enrenperc fide Bleeker. FHypseleotris Git, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 270 (cyprinoides). Body short, deep, compressed, covered with large, nearly smooth scales; eyes moderate; mouth moderate, the teeth medium, uniserial; chin prominent; no teeth on vomer; no spines on preopercle; dorsals separate, the first of six spines, the second like the anal short and high. Ventrals separate, close together, each I, 5. Gill openings moderate. Species rather numerous in the East Indian region, one of them ranging north to Japan. (aornp, star; wrépvé, fin.) 2. ASTERROPTERYX ABAX Jordan and Snyder, new species. Head 4 in length: depth 4%; depth of caudal peduncle 64; eye 3% in head; snout 4%; D. VI-11; A. 9; P. 16; seales in lateral series 93; in transverse series 3. ~ Body rather short, greatly compressed; caudal peduncle very deep. Head large; snout short; bluntly rounded. Mouth oblique. Maxil- lary reaching a perpendicular through posterior edge of orbit. Lips Ye in Fic. 2.—ASTERROPTERYX ABAX. thick. Anterior nostril with a high tube. Jaws without barbels. Kyes high in head, directed almost laterally; interorbital space very narrow. Cheeks fleshy, though not much puffed out. Mouth well furnished with strong teeth; upper jaw with 2 series; an outer row of small canines, widely spaced; an inner, narrow band of minute, simple 9 teeth; lower Jaw with 3 series; the outer and inner of large canines; no.1244. GOBIOT D FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 4] slightly curved; widely spaced; a narrow band ‘of villiform teeth between the canines. No teeth on vomer. Gill opening not extending far forward; the isthmus broad. No papillee on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Gill-rakers much reduced in size. Head naked: large pores on interorbital space and behind eyes; a space anterior to dorsal and extending backward a short, distance along its base, and the region anterior to pectoral and ventral fins naked; other parts of the body with large, smooth scales. Anal papille con- spicuous; its distal end fringed. Fins markedly prominent; dorsals close together; the first spine elongate; when depressed reaching a little beyond insertion of soft dorsal; the latter, when-depressed, reaching past base of caudal. Anal inserted helow base of second-or third dorsal ray; when depressed not reaching so far posteriorly as does the dorsal. Caudal large, rounded. Pectoral pointed; its upper edge without filamentous rays. Ventrals separated at base by a space about equal to half the diameter of eye; sharply pointed; the inner ray much longer than the others. Color in spirits, light olive; each scale with a dark border; head with black spots, a large prominent one on each side of nape; a median one posterior to these; 2 distinct spots immediately anterior to base of pectoral; rays of dorsals and caudal with small black spots; a vertical row of elongate spots on base of caudal; anal, pectorals, and ventrals with considerable dusky color. Other specimens were lighter in color, the distinctive markings being more or less plainly represented. Type.—No. 6445, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. Locality, Misaki, Sagami, Japan. (afa&, x checker-board.) Measurements of Asterroplerya abax. Menrenamanillmeterss2-.s- cece seece auto cee bos eae hie igg $27) 30 Depth expressed in hundredths of length..........-- } 213 233} 22 Depthioncaudalipedunclels ss 4-2 ce .s2-secccssss--- == 16 16 | 16 Men eLONOMMea Gece sates tee ee Seen ce Meee me 25 26 7 HEN SthHOLsu OMe ce eee Heese ee eee ee eel eee ema se 6 6 6 WENO UMIO MAM AR AT os cei ee aie nea cae ee ae eae 11: Ty) 1G Width of interorbital space 2 OPN DigmMeterOlL Orbit: sas cece ss eee oe at oat wae abe 8 6 6 Distance from snout to spinous dorsal .........-..-.- ee 36 | 36 Distance from snout to soft dorsal..........---------- 52 54] 52 Height of longest; dorsal spines!-.-- 234). 5.522-222-c2- 26} 28) 30 Height of longest dorsal rays...........-...- ccmoeees|h, eal 2) 20 DIStance trom SUOUt COaMal inv -22-— seek sees ese c ee aD 57 | 60 Heighrotlonsesthamal rays 3 ssh. 2 se neat cance te eee Ve aed 20 Henpihjorenuds) peduncle i) 15.22 5.2 2 Sis eeee ee [eon 27h 2b engin Ol caudal Anis. 2 een nm ses om ncace ner se 4d basees| 25 ens tM OLrpectoralifinl=cosac..cse~~ = ow a. cone cota e ae bn 27 2EN eT hen sVOL Vemtnalltime ces 6 oss aces ayes ste oeraenicle fe le 22 24] 24 NUM PeToOnMdorsal Spinest-p ses sees soess see oe essen oes 6 6 6 Ineo (2) 900) wea (oy este GS EN ae ae a ee es 11 aby) all NIMC OTA MUETa VS Sa..cce oc eeho eda eee. seme Sooke 9 9 9 Numpberompectoraliraysy..scaseesesssesss soeeeccseoee 16 16 | 16 Number of scales in lateral series..................-- 23 23.) 23 Number of scales in transverse series ..............-- 8 8 8 | 49 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. 3. VALENCIENNEA Bleeker. Valenciennea BLEEKER, Boeroe, 1856, p. 412 (strigata). Calleleotris Gru, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 270 (strigata). Valenciennesia BurEKeR, Archives Nederl., 1874, p. 307 (strigata). Gobiomorus Grit, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 69 (taiboa = strigata; not of Lacé-_ pede, 1801; type gronovii = Nomeus, Cuvier). This genus is allied to FAleotr7s, having the same general form. Body rather elongate; head not much depressed, with no spine or bony crests. Mouth moderate, the jaws subequal, the teeth uniserial or nearly so, unequal; no vomerine teeth; pharyngeal teeth sharp; no preopercular spine; head naked, body covered with small, ctenoid scales; isthmus very broad; dorsal spines 6, elevated; soft dorsal and anal short; caudal convex; ventrals separate, the rays I, 5. East Indies; species not very numerous, one of them extending northward to the Riu Kiu Islands. (Named for Achille Valenciennes, the distinguished associate of Cuvier. ) 3. VALENCIENNEA MURALIS (Quoy and Gaimard). Eleotris muralis Quoy and GAIMARD, manuscript, Cuvier and Valenciennes, XII, 1837, p. 253, pl. cccivir, Tukopia.—BLeEKerR, Amboyna and Ceram, p. 276, Amboyna, Ceram.—Ginruer, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 180, Philippines.— Isnixawa, Cat. Fish., 1897, p. 38, Miyakoshima Is., Riukiu. Valenciennea muralis BLEEKER, Boeroe, 1856, p. 412, Boeroe. EHleotriodes muralis BLEEKer, Goram, p. 212, Goram. Eleotris longipinnis Lay and Brnnerr, Beechey’s Voyage of the Blossom, 1839, p- 64, pl. xx, fig. 38, Riukiu, Coll. Lay and Collie. Head 32; depth 5 to 6; D. VI-1,12; A. I, 12. Scales 80. Interor- bital space half diameter of eye; second, third, and fourth dorsal spines filamentous. Color clear green, brownish in spirits; head and body with red longitudinal bands; back with some irregular dark cross bars; fins yellow; first dorsal with a black spot behind the top of the third spine; dorsal and anal fins with red longitudinal bands; caudal with red and brown spots. (Giinther.) East Indies; not rare. Two Japanese records, the one that of Lay and Collie, from Riukiu, with a poor sketch, which does not agree with the description, the dorsal filaments being broken; the other that of a specimen from Miyakoshima in the Riu Kiu Islands, noted by Dr. Ishikawa. (Muralis, pertaining to a wall, the color markings resembling the lines in a stone wall: ‘‘ forment un dessin semblable & des assises de pierre de taille.”’) 4. ODONTOBU TPIS: Bleeker: Odontobutis BLEEKER, Archives Nerlandaises, IX, 1874, p. 3805 (obscurus). Body stout, not compressed, covered with rather large, ctenoid scales. Head large, scaly on top and sides, depressed at the crown; no bony crests above; mouth rather large, oblique, the chin projecting; teeth No.1244. =GOBIOID eines. OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 43 short, in broad bands; no teeth on vomer; doneue broad, rounded; no preopercular spine; isthmus very narrow, the gill membranes almost separate, and not united with the isthmus; branchiostegals unarmed. Dorsal fins short and low, the first of seven spines; ven- trals moderate, separate, each 1, 5. Japan and China, entering rivers; resembling in form and habit the American genus Dormetator. (odovs, tooth; But’s a related genus, the name of Indian vernacular origin. ) 4. ODONTOBUTIS OBSCURUS (Schlegel). KAWASUSUKI. Eleotris obscura ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poissons, 1847, p. 149, pl. uxxvit, figs. 1-3; streams tributary to the bay of Nagasaki.—Gitnruer, Cat. Fishes, III, 1861, p. 115, Japan, Chikiang.—Isarkawa, Prel. Cat. Fishes Imp. Mus., 1897, p. 37, Lake Biwa, Maibara, Matsubara, Hikone, Yamashiro, Yamato, Tsuyama. Odontobutis obscura JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 370, Yokohama. pend 2 22 in length; depth 4; depen of ae peduncle 22 in head; e 63; shout 34; maxillary 24; D. VII-9; A. 8; P. 15; scales in lat- al series 36, in transverse series 16. Form robust; the body thick-set; caudal peduncle deep; not much compressed. Head somewhat broader than the body, but less deep; snout long; pointed; the lower jaw projecting beyond the upper. Eye small; directed almost laterally; interorbital space concave; distance between eyes equal to about half their diameter. Mouth oblique; lips broad; maxillary concealed by lip and preorbital; extending to a ver- tical through posterior edge of pupil. Tongue very broad; rounded anteriorly. Teeth simple; in narrow bands on jaws; the outer ones not enlarged. Gill opening extending far forward; the isthmus nar- row. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without papille. Gill-rakers on firstarch 1+ 17; farapart; very stubby. Anterior nostril with a low tube. No barbels on chin. Occiput and cheeks with small scales; snout, preorbital area, chin and throat naked; body with rather large, finely ctenoid scales. Dorsal fins separate; spinous dorsal when depressed just reaching insertion of soft dorsal. Anal inserted below base of second or third dorsal ray; the posterior rays longest; reaching slightly farther pos- teriorly when depressed than does the dorsal; both falling far short of base of caudal. Caudel rounded. Pectorals acutely rounded; upper edge without filaments. Ventrals separate; the distance between their bases about equal to two-thirds the diameter of eye. Body with much brownish or bluish black, in blotches of irregular shape and distribution; sides with 7 or 8 indistinct, narrow, light, lateral bands, which are more pid posteriorly; under part of head with large, light spots. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. Soft dorsal and anal with dusky spots arranged in longitudinal rows; caudal with indistinct dark vertical bands; 2 or 3 on the basal half of fin broadest; pectoral with indistinct, dark, vertical bands. Individuals from the same locality show considerable variation in color. Some are lighter, others darker than the one described. The light spots on the chin and throat are often represented by reticula- tions, while in some cases the white predominates, there being scarcely any dark color. Very young specimens have 3 dark bands passing over the back, and a broad band of dark color along the sides. Described from specimens from the Chikugo River, Kurume. This species reaches a length of nearly a foot. It is rather common in estuaries and river mouths from Tokyo southward. Our specimens are from Tokyo Bay, Lake Biwa (Funaki), Chikugo River, at Kurume, and Kawatana, on the Bay of Omura. It is recorded by Giinther from Chikiang in China. (obscurus, dusky.) Measurements of Odontobutis obscurus. Chikugo River, Se ee Kurume; EMei Chikugo, Japan. | apan, Length expressed in millimeters...........--.-- 114 | 102 827) 13323 Depth expressed in hundredths of length...---. 26 24) 28 26 | 27 Deprhyoricaudallpeduncless= assesses a= 14 14) 14 ih alg) Menethiont Ineadye sn seek scoot lmmie mie ewioeeceine 36 35 30 30} 30 Mens throimsnOutss sconces oes see oe eee cee eee 11 iO alta) 113) 122 Mens thro maar yee eee eee eee ee eee ree eee 15 15 16 16} 15 Width of interorbital space 2-22. ------4£.--5--- 8 9 8 | 8 9} Digmetenionorbltes Uses ces ae eee ee ees 6 52 7 5 5i Distance from snout to spinous dorsal... ...------ 463 45 16 46 16 Distance from snout to soft dorsal.......-.------- 622) - 632 64 64 64 Height of longest dorsal spines .........-------- 113 12 113 14 13 Heishtoflonsest dorsal rays: -- eee re eee eee 15 14 152 15 14 Distance from snout to anal fin..........--.---- 692 67 67 711i) 70 Hershtiotlongestanail Tavs: -So.e5: 2 -ea-see 153 143} 153 144) 15 Length of caudal peduncle. .--.....-..--.---:--- 233| 23 23 PPO PA ReneihoOncaudalsiniges.- sees eee es sae eee 26 25 26 223) 23 hens thro cpectoralitims sos... 2s eee smear sere 24 25 24} 213| 23 Mensthioh ventral dims 26 ens eele eee eae sey 17 183} 19 163] 153 Num ibDerOndorsalisplies! ste -e- acee eee eee ace 7 7 | 8 7 Ntmbenoicdonsalenaiveiices a: soe = sacs eee eee 10 9 9 10 9 INUIMbErOMAMaTaAVGie acne eae = een ee Seen 8 9 8 8 8 Number of scales in lateral series.........-.-.-- 35 36 34 3d 32 Number of scales in transverse series ........--- ily 16 17 14 15 5) ELEOTRIS: (Gronoy,)) Schneider: Eleotris Gronow, Zooph., 17638, p. 88 (nonbinomial). Eleotris SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 65 (pisonis). Culius BurEEKER, Archiv. Néerl., IX, 1874,p. 308 (fuscus). Body long and low, compressed behind. Head long, low, flattened above, without spines or crests, almost everywhere scaly. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting. Lower pharyngeals rather broad, the teeth small, bluntish. Preopercle with a small concealed spine below, its tip hooked forward. Branchiostegals unarmed. Eyes small, high, anterior; isthmus broad. Tongue broad, rounded. — Post- temporal bones very strongly divergent, their insertions close together; no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 45 top of skull somewhat elevated and declivous; interorbitat area slightly convex transversely; dorsal fins well apart, the first of 5 or 6 low, flexible spines; ventrals separate. Scales moderate, ctenoid, 45 to 70 in a longitudinal series; vertebrae (pdsonis) 11415. Tropical seas, entering fresh waters. (nAeorpis, name of some small fish in the Nile, possibly from Aéeds, bewildered, or éA€0s, a pitiable thing.) a. Scales small, about 70. Seales of sides with dark centers, forming longitudinal streaks; usually a dusky lateral band; dorsal and caudal with distinct series of brown dots, anal and pectoral faintly barred.................... fusca. 5 aa. Scales larger, about 50. Sides with pale streaks along the series of scales and with dark dots; head below with round, pale spots; fins with serrated nO wna am Cees Sete et mee ek SR PO AE ee eld! oxycephala. 6 5. ELEOTRIS FUSCA (Schneider). Pecilia fusca SCHNEIDER, Bloch, Syst., 1801, p. 453. (After Cobitis pacifica Forster Ms. Insulze oviadee.) Eleotris fusca GUNTHER, Cat. Fishes, III, 1861, p. 125, Ganges, Calcutta, Bengal, Amboyna, Aneitum, Oualan, Wanderer Bay, Ceylon, Canton.—IsHixawa, Prel. Cat. Fishes, 1897, p. 31, Riukiu Islands. Cheilodipterus culius BucHANAN and Hami.ron, Fish. Ganges, p. 55, pl. v, fig. 16, Ganges. Eleotris nigra Quoy and Gaimarp, Zool. Voy. Freyeinct, Zool., p. 259, pl. ux, fig. 2, Guam, Waigiou.—CuvieR and VALENCIENNES, XII, 1837, p. 235; Isle de France, Ganges, Malabar, Bombay, Java, Otaiti, Borabora, Society Islands, Madagascar. Culius niger BLEEKER, Boeroe, p. 411, Boeroe. Eleotris mauritianus BENNETT, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc., I, 1831, p. 166, Mauritius. Head 3} in length; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head; eye 6; snout 34; maxillary 23; D. VI-9; A. 9; P. 18; scales in lateral series 73; in transverse series 23. Body low, deep; compressed posteriorly; the caudal peduncle deeper and more compressed than that of 7. oxycephala. Eyes small; directed almost laterally; interobital space flat; distance between eyes slightly greater than length of snout. Snout sharp; lower jaw projecting. Mouth oblique; lips rather narrow; maxillary almost entirely con- cealed, extending to a vertical passing between pupil and posterior edge of orbit. Tongue rounded anteriorly. Teeth simple; in bands on both jaws; the outer and inner ones slightly enlarged; a narrow naked space on lower jaw at the symphysis. Gill openings not extend- ing far forward below; width of isthmus about equal to length of maxillary. Gill-rakers on first arch 2+ 10; reduced to mere eleva- tions. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without papille. Nostrils small; the anterior with a tube. No barbels on jaw. Edge of pre- opercle with a strong, sharp spine, which projects downward and for- ward. Head almost completely scaled; a small, naked area in front of the eye and on anterior part of chin; minute scales on upper part of head, running forward on snout; on cheeks, rami of lower jaw, and on 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. branchiostegal region. Body covered everywhere with small scales; those on nape, breast, and belly cycloid; on sides weakly ctenoid. Dorsal spines slender; flexible; the tips with short, projecting fila- ments; the spines when depressed reaching slightly beyond insertion of soft dorsal. Caudal rounded. Anal rays longest posteriorly; when depressed they reach as far backward as do those of the dorsal, both falling far short of reaching the base of caudal. Pectorals pointed; the upper rays without free filaments. Ventrals separate; pointed. Color in spirits, brownish; with indistinct, narrow, longitudinal, dark bands on body; 3 narrow, brownish bands radiating from posterior edge of eye. This description is of specimens about 130 millimeters long, collected by Dr. O. P. Jenkins in Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. Islands and shores of the Western Pacific Ocean, especially in the mouths of streams; recorded from many localities. ‘The only Japanese record is that of a specimen in the Imperial Museum, recorded by Ishikawa, from the Riukiu Islands. (fusca dusky.) 6. ELEOTRIS OXYCEPHALA (Schlegel). Eleotris oxycephala ScHuEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1845 or 1846, p. 150, pl. Lxxvit, figs. 4, 5, Nagasaki.—Gtinruer, Cat. Fish, III, 1861, p. 116, China.—Jorpan and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 371, Lake Biwa. Eleotris cantherius RicHarpson, Ich. China, 1846, p. 209, Macao. Head 3% in length; depth 4; depth of caudal peduncle 2} in head; eve 83; snout 33; maxillary; D. V-9; A. 9; P. 18; scales in lateral series 50; in transverse series, 15. Body deep; compressed; caudal peduncle greatly compressed. Head long; pointed. Snout rather sharp; the lower jaw projecting. Eyes very small; directed laterally; interorbital area flat; the distance between eyes 3% times their longitudinal diameter. Mouth very oblique. Maxillary except its distal part concealed; reaching a vertical between pupil and posterior edge of orbit. Tongue broad; the anterior edge concave. Teeth simple; in rather broad bands on jaws; the anterior and posterior ones enlarged. Gill openings not extending very far forward; the width of isthmus equal to length of snout. Inner edge of shoulder girdle without elevations. Gill-rakers on first arch 3+ 10; stubby; covered with sete. Posterior border of pre- opercle with a blunt spine which projects downward. Anterior nostril with a low tube. No barbels on lower jaw. Head with scales, except on snout, throat, and chin; occiput and cheeks with small cycloid scales. Body with large ctenoid scales; those on nape, breast, and belly smaller; cycloid. Dorsals separate; the spines when depressed just reaching insertion of soft dorsal; posterior rays of soft dorsal longest; when depressed they reach base of caudal. Caudal rounded. Anal inserted below aF os no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 4% bases of second or third dorsal rays; when depressed the rays do not quite reach base of caudal. Pectoral acutely rounded; the upper rays without filamentous tips. Ventrals separate; pointed. Seales with subdued, dark, lateral bands; a narrow brownish band running obliquely downward from eye to edge of preopercle; a simi- lar but shorter band above the latter extending directly backward. Spinous dorsal with two brownish lines running horizontally; soft dor- sal with brownish, inverted V-shaped marks on the membranes. Caudal and pectorals with small brownish spots arranged in vertical rows. Anal with indistinct dark markings. Described from a specimen about 230 millimeters long from near Yokohama. -eseeee eee by |) alae 133) TS TOO aaa ble ela eal Number /of:dorsal spimes-....-..:--2.--.-- 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6. 6 Num berof-dorsallmsivs!. =. sso eee ee ssaee ae 9] 10 9 9 9 9 9 i) 9}. 9 Numberioteanalinaystescs: -sseseeaere ees 9 | 10 9 9) 9 9 9 9 9| 9 Number of pectoral rays....-...........-- 19} 19} 19] 19] 19] 19] 20] 19} 19 |} 20 Number of scales in lateral series.......-. 3 3 30 |) 31 29)| 29°) 28°) 32) | S1\933 Number of scales in transverse series. .... 11 11 11 11 10°) DE) LOW) eat ON) SO Locality, Tsuschima. 13. CTENOGOBIUS GYMNAUCHEN (Bleeker). Gobius gymnauchen BLEEKER, Act. Soe. Sci. Indo-Nederl., Japan, VI, p. 84, pl. 1, fig. 2, Tokyo.—Gitnrner, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 48 (after Bleeker). Acentrogobius gymnauchen JORDAN and SnypxErR, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 372, Tokyo. Head 33 in length; depth 6; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head; eye 44; snout 44; maxillary 34; D. VI-10; A. 10; P.,.16; scales in lateral series 26, in transverse series 7. Body elongate; head about as deep as body, somewhat broader; eyes rather large, high up, directed laterally or somewhat obliquely; interorbital space narrow, slightly convex. Snout rather sharp, its upper outline more oblique than that of C. pflaum?. Lower jaw slightly projecting. Mouth oblique. Maxillary concealed throughout, extending to a vertical through anterior edge of pupil. Teeth simple, in narrow bands on both jaws, outer row enlarged, the most posterior large tooth on each side of lower jaw strongly curved backward. Gill opening not extending far forward; isthmus broad, its width about ' - no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 59 equal to length of snout. No papille on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Pseudobranchie large. Gill-rakers on first arch 3 + 9; slender. Head naked; no barbels; a triangular naked space extending back- ward from occiput to insertion of dorsal; body elsewhere covered with large, finely ctenoid scales. Dorsals separate; spines with filaments, the first and second very long and slender. Anal fin inserted below second dorsal ray, reaching posteriorly as far as the dorsal, both touching base of caudal. Pec- torals and caudal rather pointed. Ventrals large, free posteriorly. Color in spirits, light olive; throat with a narrow, longitudinal dark spot; sides of head and upper parts of body with dark spots, those near middle of sides arranged in an indefinite undulating line. Spi- nous dorsal with a wide, black edge; below this a broad band of pearly FIG. 6.—CTENOGOBIUS GYMNAUCHEN. white; basal half of fin with 3 rows of oval, dusky, or black spots; soft dorsal similarly colored. Caudal with small, dusky, oval spots on interradial membranes, except on lower parts of fin. Anal broadly edged with dusky. Pectorals dusky at base, the dark color fading out toward the edge. Ventrals streaked longitudinally with black. Described from a specimen from Enoshima. Some individuals are much lighter in color. They have a more or less conspicuous dark blotch at base of caudal, and occasionally a row of 4 or 5 poorly defined small spots along the sides. This small prettily colored goby is rather common in Japan, living chiefly in the estuaries about and under muddy rocks. Our numerous specimens are from Misaki, Wakanoura, Nagasaki, Tokyo Bay, T’su- ruga, and Enoshima. (yumros, naked; avynv, nape.) 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIV. Measurements of Clenogobius gymnauchen. (eeme-tla imal Gers a ere lapete lente ree email 57 50 46 52 | 43 Depth expressed in hundredths of length..-..--. 14] 43s) 17 16 | 16 Depth of caudal peduncle. ..--...----7.----=-5-- 9} 8 8 8 + Menpiarot Megdesseas ce: cee Hee eee aerate 26 263} 263} 27) 28 ene Tho MOU hes acerca sere eee 7 6% 64 7 4 Ihenethonim asa) any ener sesame ane eee eee + oF 9 93) 9 5 WidthiorinterorbitalispacCess.s- seers =-- eee FY 4 i 1 PS Diametenok OLDits. cesses eee ee 63 64 re 7 if Distance from snout to spinous dor: 34 33 36 34 | 36 Distance from snout to soft dorsal.........-.----- 53 | 54 54. 51 | 56 Height of longest dorsal spinesa@....------------ BYpal) Al 23 33 | 14 Height of longest dorsal rays. ......------------- 27 eed PIN 258 eal Distance from snout to anal fin .-.......-...-... 55 | 563} 54] 55] 57 Height of longest anal rays ..--..--.-.....------ PW trea thes irl 23; 4 Hengthiol caudal peduncle. .-=) sone. -2--s-eeeaee 19| 21 22 22 | 20 ene tinotcsud alutine ss sees eee eee eae 28a eo 28 27| 26 Meneth or pectoral fines eases scorer ee eee ABN 5) 22 | 24) 28 LITMAN OM OMG Hoo So doessooogenesooHoaoodc Ayal yy = 45) 24; 25) 25 NimiberofidorsallispimeSse.c: acetal inierat 6 | 6 6 | 6 6 IN berOrdorsalllinsyS ses seer ee seer 10 | 10 10), LO) | ele INHOIM os) POM MWR YS socaasaseyconecaosooqcSHaees 105) £0 10 10 | 10 Nimmber of pectoral raiys's ese sa seeele =o 16 16 16 ie) al Number of seales in lateral series ..........----- 23 24 26 pay. ee 27/ Number of scales in transverse series .......---- 6 6 6 6 7 Locality, Tokyo. | = = | alIncluding filaments. 14. CTENOGOBIUS HADROPTERUS Jordan and Snyder, new species. Head 34 in length; depth 43; depth of caudal peduncle 23 in head; eye 4; snout 22; maxillary 22; D. VI-9; A. 9; P. 19; scales in lateral series 28; in transverse series 9. Body robust, a little deeper than wide. Snout long and sharp. Kye high in head, the upper margin projecting above contour of head, Fic. 7.—CTENOGOBIUS HADROPTERUS. directed obliquely, situated at a point halfway between tip of snout and posterior edge of opercle. Interorbital space narrow, concave. Nostrils minute, the anterior with a distinct tube. Mouth moderate, somewhat oblique. Jaws subequal, the lower slightly shorter; upper lip very wide; maxillary entirely concealed, not quite reaching a ver- tical through anterior edge of orbit. Tongue broad, the tip truncate. Teeth of jaws in 2 series, outer ones in a single row, small, canine- like, not firmly attached; second series in upper jaw very minute, in lower jaw a little smaller than the anterior ones; no large canines. Gill opening extending upward to edge of base of pectoral; width of isth- mus about equal to length of snout. No papille on inner edge of shoulder girdle. Gill-rakers small, 2 -+ 8 on firstarch. No barbels on lower jaw. no.1244. GOBIOID FISHES OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 61 Head, except occiput, naked; scales on occiput cycloid; those on body ctenoid, large and very regular; 5 lateral series on caudal peduncle; scales on breast anterior to the ventrals small, concealed in the thick epidermis. Dorsal fins well separated, short; height of longest dorsal spine about equal to postorbital part of head; depressed spines not reaching the rays; dorsal rays a little longer than the spines; anal inserted below base of second or third ray of soft dorsal; rays equal in height to those of dorsal; both fins when depressed extending an equal distance posteriorly, their tips separated from bases of caudal rays a distance equal to length of snout. Caudal rounded, almost truncate. Pectoral acutely rounded, extending to a vertical through vent; upper rays without filamentous appendages. Ventrals long, not reaching vent, free posteriorly. Color in spirits, pale olive gray; the sides with 6 conspicuous brown- ish black spots, the first and smallest at angle of opercle, the last at base of caudal; each spot, except the first and last, is connected with the one on the opposite side by 2 tolerably well-defined dark bands passing over the back; a narrow dusky band extending forward from eye parallel with dorsal outline of snout; cheek with wavy, oblique bars; occipital region with small, closely crowded blotches. Dorsal fins with dusky spots arranged in longitudinal rows; 3 rows on the first and 4 on the second fin, the outer row being very indistinct. Anal slightly tinged with dusky posteriorly. Caudal witha few very indistinct vertical wavy bands. Pectoral with a trace of dusky. Ven- trals dark, the color in lines parallel with the rays. Type No. 6449, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. Local- ity, Nagasaki, Hizen. Some of the cotypes are a little lighter in color. We also have specimens from Kurume, Tsuruga, and Kawatana. (Hadropterus, a genus of Etheostomine perch of similar habit; ad pos, strong; 77€por, fin.) Measurements of Ctenogobius hadropterus. Menge th im MAILiMeters’: 25 ssccce ceri dne ee 47 | 45 | 44| 46] 48 41 42 {1 AQ pce Depth expressed in hundredths of length.| 21} 22} 21] 21] 23] 21] 21} 20] 21 | 20 Depth of caudal peduncle ...........-.-.. 11 12) 2 | 2 A! 1 oO MeN Sun OMNCAM ites nossa se wees caee tees 30 30 28 30 30 30 30 30 29 | 30 BenepmovsnOwlcs. aia =.cce se eeiee see alsiesie 2 123) 12 11 12 12 11 11 10 | 10 Width of interorbital space........-...... 2 24 22 2 2 2 2 2 Zi) -2 rameter OLOLDIb =-2- 52 =~ 6s ose ee ec 7 7 7 74 qi 7h 63} 72 7) 7 Distance from snout tospinous dorsal..... 40 40 | 40; 40]; 40} 41] 40] 39 10 | 40 Distance from snout to sott dorsal 60 | 60] 60} 60] 60] 60] 59] 591] 60} 60 Height of longest dorsal spines. -.----.- 15 153) A SLs Loy Lo TB as Gi) 15 Heightof longest dorsal rays......-- LO Lee selG seal oui eel) etd 1G) a8) |) oye Distance from snout to anal fin.....-..... 60 | 61 60 |} 603) 59] 60] 60} 60] 61 | 60 Height of longest anal rays............... 14 14 14 15 14 THz 5) 15) 16 | 13 Length of caudal peduncle............... 269/26" | 22) 27a lead | etal Qh L227 128 Wencth or Caudal fimk- 2-6 ..22222 = 2.2.20. POE S200) QT OB w ee 28a QS8ale 23) | s2i 23 | 24 Wenciuh of pectoraliiine {2s < 5.52.62. sss