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Division of Fishes,
U. 8. Nationa! Museum
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS ,
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOLUME XXXII
eeeeeelcag
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1 Or Og.
ADVERTISEMENT.
The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two
series— Proceedings and Bulletins.
The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are
intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers
based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly
acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there-
from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited
groups. Watcort:
Secretury of the Smithsonian Institution.
JUNE 20, 1907.
iil
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
ARNOLD, RatpH. New and Characteristic Species of Fossil
Mollusks from the Oil-bearing Tertiary Formations of
Southern California.—No. 1545. June 15, 19074. .__.__..
New species: Ostrea eldridgei, Pleurotoma (Bathytoma) keepi, Macron
merriami, Ocinebra topangensis, Pupura edmondi, Cerithium topan-
gensis, Turbo togangensis, Sigaretus perrini, Chlorostoma ( Omphalius)
dalli, Cancellaria fernandoensis, Murex eldridgei, Nassa hamlini,
Cyprea fernandoensis.
New varieties: Mytilus mathewsonii var. expansus, Turritella ineziana
var. sespeensis, Chlorostoma ( Omphalius) dalli var. inornatus, C. (O.)
dalli var. subnodosus, Cardium quadrigenarium var. fernandoensis,
Pisania fortis var. angulata, Priene oregonensis var. angelensis, Tur-
ritella cooperi var. fernandoensis.
Banks, Natuan. A Catalogue of the Acarina, or Mites, of
the United States.—No. 1553. June 29, 1907¢_.________.
New name: Rhyncholophus angustipes.
BartscH, Paut. A New Mollusk of the Genus Macrom-
phalina from the West Coast of America.—No. 1522.
March 12. 1Q0(s 3.52: Pe eG Reg Ra ee as Mae Pe ot
New species: Macromphalina occidentalis.
— . A New Parasitic Mollusk of the Genus Eulima.—
INomeiat Sermeunie; ales il OOS os Se en
New species: Hulima ptilocrinicola.
. New Mollusks of the Family Vitrinellide from the
West Coast of America.—No. 1520. February 8, 1907¢_-
New genus: Scissilabra.
New subgenus: Docomphala.
New species: Vitrinella oldroydi. V. eshnauri, V. alaskensis, V.
(Docomphala) stearnsi, V.(D.’) berryi, Cyclostrema xantusi, C. diegensis,
Circulus cosmius, C. cerrosensis, Cyclostremella californica, Scissil-
abra dalli.
—. The Philippine Mollusks of the Genus Planorbis.—
INorsole Se hebruanye (selOUt Ge: t= 2s tee ee
New species: Planorbis (Gyraulus) mindanensis, P. (Helicorbis)
MeAarNSs?.
Page,
5925-546
595-625
233
bDD-556
167-176
83-85
@Date of publication.
Val TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
Bartscu, Paut. The Philippine Pond Snails of the Genus :
Vivipara.—No. 1518. “Kebruary 8) U90¢@22 = eee 135-150
New species: Vivipara zamboangensis, V. mindanensis, V. buluanensis,
V. mearnsi, V. pagodula, V. gilliana, V. lanaonis, V. mainitensis.
New subspecies: Vivipara zamboangensis tubayensis, V. 2. davaoensis,
V. 2. surigensis, V. mindanensis bagangensis, V. mearnsi misa-
MISENSLS.
. Two New Land Shells from Mexico.—No. 1515.
Hebruauy 8) 190 (S222 03 2S ee Se a ete ee ee eee Bh lens
New species: Dryimiwus herrere.
New subspecies: Drymieus herrere veracruzensis.
Brera, Leo. A Review of the Cobitoid Fishes of the Basin
of the Amur.— Non 15383. “May. 23 0100c 4 ee ee 435-438
A Review of the Species of the Tenspined Stickle-
backs or Pygosteus from East Asia.—No. 1536. May 23,
MOOG Gee eee sta agate tai TA 2 eet neh i eae at ay ee 451-454
Buscx, AuGausr. Revision of the American Moths of the
Genus Argyresthia.-—No. 1506. January 16, 1907 ¢..___- 5-24
New species: Argyresthia thoracella, A. annettella, A. inscriptella, A.
rileiella, A. bolliella.
CAUDELL, ANDREW Newson. The Decticine (A Group of
Orthoptera) of North America. No. 1530. May 23, 19077. 285-410
New genera: Aglaothorax, Rehnia, Zacycloptera, Anoplodusa.
New species: Neduba morsei, Rehnia victorie, R. spinosa, Zacycloplera
atripennis, Eremopedes brevicauda, Stipator bruneri, S. ateloploides,
Anabrus cerciata, A. longipes, Ateloplus minor, A. schwarzi, A.
luteus, Idiostatus rehni, I. elegans, I variegata, Plagiostira gillettei,
Idionotus brevipes, I. subcarinatus, Clinopleura minuta, Platycleis
fletcheri.
New varieties: Neduba carinata var. convexa, Capnobotes occidentalis
var. uniformis, Stipator nigromarginatus var. griseis, S. grandis var.
insignis, Anabrus simplex var. nigra, A. simplex var. maculatus,
Plagiostira albonotata var. brevipes.
Ciark, Austin H. A New Species of Crinoid (Ptilocrinus
pinnatus) from the Pacific Coast, with a Note on Bathy-
erinus.—-No.; 1547... June td, 190 ee ee 551-554
New genus: Ptilocrinus.
New species: Ptilocrinus pinnatus.
New name: Bathycrinus australis.
Eighteen New Species and One New Genus of Birds
from Eastern Asia and the Aleutian Islands.—-No. 1539.
June W5) LOOT @ Sahel ae Le ee 2 ABTEE(S
New genus: Tisqa.
New species: Lagopus japonicus, Cerchneis perpallida, Bubo tenwipes,
Syrnium ma.
«Date of publication.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
New subspecies: Ardea cinerea jouyi, Phasianus karpowt buturlini,
Lagopus rupestris chamberlaini, salon regulus insignis, Syrnium
uralense japonicum, S. u. hondoense, Dryobates leucotos coreensis,
D. 1. ussurianus, Gecinus canus griseoviridis, Pericrocotus cinereus
intermedius, Olbiorchilus fumigatus peninsule, O. f. amurensis, Remiz
consobrinus suffusus, Acredula trivirgata magna.
Ciark, AustTIN H. Ona Collection of Crinoids of the Genus
Eudiocrinus from Japan, with Description of a New
Bpecics= NO» lool. shunetlo. 90 (72. 22.00. et. b.
New species: Mudiocrinus tuberculatus.
. Two New Crinoids from the North Pacitie Ocean.—
Now to ween toe GOO. 82 al ae Re ae
New genus: Phrynocrinus.
New species: Phrynocrinus nudus, Bathycrinus pacificus.
Dyar, Harrison G. Descriptions of New Species of Moths
of the Family Cochlidiidee.—No. 1550. June 15, 1907¢
New species: [uclea retroversa, Euprosterna cochlidionis, Perola clara,
Prolimacodes dividua.
New variety: Parasa cuernavaca.
. Report on the Mosquitoes of the Coast Region of
California, with Descriptions of New Species.—No. 1516.
eH E)a iss (Pilon AS) 037A et ee A eS eee
New species: Culex stigmatosoma, (. erythrothorax, Uranotenia
anhydor.
EIGENMANN, Cart H. The Peeciliid Fishes of Rio Grande do
Sul and the La Plata Basin.—No. 1532. May 23, 1907¢_.
New genera: I/yodon, Phalloptychus, Phalloceros.
New species: I/yodon paraguayense.
FisHer, Watrer K. The Holothurians of the Hawalian
Tslands:=No, W555, June 29, 19078 220 2 ee
New genus: Opheodesom«a.
New species: Holothuria hawatiensis, H. anulifera, H. fusco-olivacea,
Mesothuria carnosa, Bathyplotcs patagiatus, Pseudostichopus propin-
quus, Pelopatides retifer, Scotodeima vitreum, Orphnurgus insignis,
Letmogone biserialis, Pannychia pallida, Thyonidium hawaiiense,
T. alexandri, Psolus macrolepis, Opheodesoma spectabilis, Protankyra
albatrossi, Anapta inermis, Chiridota hawariensis, CL uniserialis.
New name: Stichopus tropicalis.
GIpDLEY, JAMES WiLuiAMs. A New Horned Rodent from the
Miocene of Kansas.—No. 1554. June 29, 19074¢..__:____-
New genus: Lpigaulus.
New species: Epigaulus hatcheri.
GILMORE, CHARLES W. The Type of the Jurassic Reptile
Morosaurus agilis redescribed, with a Note on Campto-
Saurus NOs L519. “Kebruany 8. 190% "22 22 oe eto eae
VII
Page.
569-%
t
~J
4
507-512
365-56
121-129
425-453
627-636
LEGS
« Date of publication.
VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Hann, Water L. A Review of the Bats of the Genus
Hemiderma.—No. 1514. February 8, 1907%___.-.._-----
Notes on Mammals of the Kankakee Valley.—No.
1537. June: day LOO ¢ See ee ee eee ee
Hay, Ourver PP. A New Fossil Stickleback Fish from
Nevada.—No: 1528.5 ;Maiy Ss 900Gn ee eee are
New subspecies: Gasterosteus williamsoni leptosomus.
HErre, AUBERT OBRISTIAN (2 <6) 5 sees te 2 ee eee ee
See under Jordan, David Starr.
HrouicKa, ALES. Measurements of the Cranial Fossx.—
No. 1521.) “March, 125 1902 ee ee ees
JORDAN, Davip Starr. A Review of the Fishes of the
Family Gerride found in the Waters of beer 1525.
April 18, 19077. - a ohn Eee OE A gerne ngs
A Review of the Fishes of the Pee Hiedeeende
found in the Waters of Japan; with a Note on Tephritis
Giinther.—No. 1523. March 12, 1907%...._.._- fee epee
New genera: Evistias, Quinquarius.
and ALBERT CHRISTIAN HerRRE. A Review of the
Lizard-Fishes or Synodontide of the Waters of Japan.—
Nor544.. -Jiunle io, hOO 1 0 ee eee ee
New species: Saurida eso.
and Epwin Cuaprn Starks. List of Fishes Recorded
from Okinawa or the Riu Kiu Islands of Japan.—No. 1541.
June £5, [900% os 2 2S ee ee eee eee
New species: Girella mezina.
-———— ———., Note on Otohime. A New Genus of Gur-
nards:—No. 151%, sRebruany S300 1 <5 eee oe
New genus: Olohime.
Notes on Fishes from the Island of Santa
Catalina, Southern California. —No. 1510. February 7,
HOOT Se See nc ik ee a Be oe ee nee
New species: Starksia holderi, Antennarius avalonis.
Linton, Epwix. Notes on Calyptrobothrium, a Cestode
Genus found in the Torpedo.—No. 1529. May 18, 1907 ¢.
New species: Calyptrobothrium minus.
Lyon, Marcus Warp, Jr. A Specimen of Typical Burch-
ell’s Zebra in the United States National Museum.—No.
1505. January 16, is 33 Lee ee PDE feet nes
Page.
103-118
455-464
271-273
5138-524
245-248
513-524
491-504
131-133
1-3
a Date of Aioiusien
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Lyon, Marcus Warp, Jr. Notes on the Porcupines of the
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.—No. 1552. June 29,
OYE: «2 akg 5 7S a ae ape eee
New genus: Thecurus.
New species: Thecurus sumatra, Atherurus terutaus.
. Remarks on the Giant Squirrels of Sumatra, with
Descriptions of Two New Species.—No. 1534. May 23,
New species: Ratufa arusinus, R. catemana.
McCienpon, J. F. New Marine Worms of the Genus Myzo-
Slonim Noy la00. Rebruary 5 L902. 262. ot 22 2
New species: Myzostoma cubanum, M. evermanni, M. cerriferoidum.
New subspecies: Myzostoma cysticolum cystihymenodes.
Merritt, GEORGE P. On a Newly Found Meteorite from
Selma, Dallas County, Alabama.—No. 1508. February 6,
ROUSE i a Sly Oe nS epee eae ee ae a aR ee
. Ona Peculiar Form of Metamorphism in Siliceous
pandstone:—-No. 1o46.. June bd, 1900 %2 22 et
with chemical analyses by Wirt Tasstx. Notes on the
Composition and Structure of the Hendersonville, North
Carolina, Meteorite.—No. 1511. February 6, 1907¢.___..
with chemical analyses by Wirr Tasstx. On the Me-
teorite from Rich Mountain, Jackson County, North Caro-
ia N OVO 24 ee Apri Ss lOO sos oo eae a ee
RicHarpson, Harriet. A New Terrestrial Isopod from
Guatemala, the Type of a New Genus.—No. 1535. May
SS el ee ree Sey, Sie ka oe eh ey Mia ay ke Frey oo eR
New genus. Spherarmadillo.
New species. Spherarmadillo schwarzi.
SNYDER, JOHN OTTERBEIN. Ae Rete
———, See under Jordan, David Starr____.____.____. __--
STEJNEGER, LEONHARD. A New Gerrhonotine Lizard from
Costwekvicd.—- Nor 1549.7 June 15, 190142 8 Se ae:
New species: Gerrhonotus alfarot:
. A new Salamander from Nicaragua.—No. 1538.
Pete Mlb eul CH iis tre sleet SCO 3 eel uy antes BNE een pt te a
New specimens: Spelerpes collaris.
439-445
63-65
59-61
547-550
241-244
447-450
S102
131-133
GEE
491-504
505-506
465-466
« Date of publication.
Xx TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Pace.
Tasstn, Wirt. Sceunder MERRILL, GEORGE P_---. 79-82, 241-244
VauGHAN, TI. WayLanp. Some Madreporarian Corals from
French Somaliland, East Africa, collected by Dr. Charles
Giravier!—No, 15265 Agonilsli8s 90-2 ae ee ee oe
New species: Physogyra somaliensis, P. gravieri, Goniopora sona-
liensis, G. djiboutiensis.
Weckxet, ApA L. The Fresh-water Amphipoda of North
Americ¢a,— No: 1507. -Februany 45190 (42-2 eee
New species: Gammarus ramellus, G. cecus,
Wetuer, Stuart. Descriptions of New Species of Ordoyi-
cian Fossils from China.—No. 1549. June 15, 19074... .-
New species: Plectorthis willisi, Clitambonites chinensis, Hemipronites
tenuistriata, Ampyx chinensis, Asaphus blackwelderi, A. taningensis,
A. asiaticus, A. levis, A. chinensis, Megalaspis minor, Illeenus bron-
teoides.
Wiuuiams, Henry Saver. A New Brachiopod, Rensse-
laeria mainensis, from the Devonian of Maine.—No. 1527.
AprillS.2 b00G ts, ts 5 eee ea ae ee ee ee oe
New species: Rensselaeria mainensis.
Wiuuiston, SAMUEL W. The Skull of Brachbauchenius, with
Observations on the Relationships of the Plesiosaurs.—
Nox DAOS etm er a SIS Os ae gee eee eee
Witson, Cuarues Brancu. Additional Notes on the Devel-
opment of the Argulide, with Description of a New
Species: Nowl53iy May 2235 5190] (=e ee
New species: slrgulus appendiculosis.
249-266
267-269
477-489
411-424
« Date of publication.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
TEXT FIGURES.
1B(CEYC| Cit 24 VAR RA Uae coos SSS Se oe ae ren Soe ee aS
WV CMENTONRL GIE AURORA DKON RANICU Oe a ees cone aoe eens secs pee oe See ee ee
VSO Olt AIO TRASH CMG AOC einiAlth 6 Seog acon added Sub 6 ao oes Se ease SD SBeOaee
ROMO PORAOM OU Nace Beate on aoe os ORES Aa Ee Ue SACRO es ase eee see eee
Eucrangonyx mucronatus. First antenna; second antenna; gnathopod; telson;
uropod, from a female; other figures from a male_-....--....-..:.----.---
Eucrangonyx gracilis, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Mavxilliped; second gnathopod
of a small female; second gnathopod of a large female.............-...-.--
ucrangonyx biyurcus, male. Macon, Mississippi ....-2..2....s2.-.-.s-22--2-
Eucrangonyx packardii. Terminal portion of the abdomen with the uropoda- -
Niphargus antennatus, female. Nickajack Cave, Shellmound, Tennessee... -.-
Gammarus ramellus, male. Point Arena, California. Mandible; dorsal side of
Hnesast seoments Of the abdomeniacs sse22- sos a ceee beceoe ste She. Sh scl esas
Gammarus fasciatus. First and second gnathopods of a female; mandible and
maxilliped; dorsal side of the terminal part of the abdomen..........-----
CORMICIFUS Vines, Waa Niel Oey Genus IOy Be OB SAS Soe e ees eee eenoceaaee
Gammarus purpurascens, male. Nickajack Cave. Dorsal side of the terminal
SepIMEM SFO Meta COI Cnismesms Aerators eee = Nae oye e Sc ci rove raiare ae
Gammarus propinquus, male. Mammoth Cave, Kentucky -...--...----..---.
Gammarus cxcus, male. Modesta Cave, near Cafias, Cuba................-..-
Crangonyz viireis, male. - Mammoth Cave, Kentucky ........------.-----.--
Siygonectes flagellatus, Male. “San Marcos, Texas. :.--.2-25..-..---22-5.---<
Hyalella knickerbockeri. Ann Arbor, Michigan. First and second gnathopods
of the female; second gnathopod of a young male; second gnathopod of a
TODEH ADU LEW AOE (es oe este ees a ere ee Re eS te pene eS eae ees ee
Myzostoma cubanum. Dorsal view; ventral view....:.-..--.-.----.---.-----
WOR OURO COCCI Os! Seine WiC io seo saceercos6 Gae4 ses eosdsocgeeaeeec
Cuyasilonirus calujormucws, ((ENCIbIIi) oe S ose eG eSeceona- casas nesses oases teccreoena
Gi StleiTt Ss: COLPONMUGUS saa (NOUN CG) aa ae oe 2 ye ieee eae pee See tec nee seine ee ae
CERO: (OS EROY OUR E s OS AG oe Re eS ee ee A ee
LG RCI NID POMS Ss Pa do SAO S < DAR Re EE CREAN ey CIE Aer eae
IER OA DEO PUES OUESOY LURROIS SEE oe eS A Ps Sein ae eee Pree
SUGUALRSOGL I UQGICEA De gBOOS — Bae AEN es tes Rede gee ORE spe food ag ee ee
(ELSE ETD DY TEER OMT OG KO} Oper ne RR OE ea Ie Es, oe
AGATE QUO MSs Caos ee SIS cone nee OSES chen ceo eee ese
Bnstatite chondrule:out of Hendersonville meteorite. >. .....2--.2.22522---+-
JPRS (CGPS) AUC MTUTOISES) ooo ac Ganga ousus]e 5 sane oss geoes erases Jones
LED OOES (SHANCOLOD Go IS oe ee ane ooo S6cg chor po nee eee eae ee as
IPO ICICUS TUG) Cis SOSA OR AS ODE OEE Soa Eee see eee ee eee
LPG ACY TEATS STA CE a ee os Oh a eS Se a ae
CV DEROCUIQ NISC ick Cr tee TREO Oe ee ee Oe eT?
Or OV
on)
t
ba |
XIL LIST OF -ILLUSTRATIONS.
Dry meus herven ge ovis 2. 2 Sin ite ke Se ae ee ee eee Ee eee oe een eee eee
Dry micusiherrerxvendcruzensis oaee craps ae ee oe a
Otohime hemistictan.2 5 222-28 Sas ee eae ee ee ee ee
Skull of Morosaurus agilis, posterior view. Proatlas; lateral plate of atlas;
odontoid process or centrum of same; exoccipital; intercentrum of atlas;
neural canal; parietal; postorbital; squamosal; supraoccipital -........-..-
Morosaurus agilis. Front view of right fore foot; carpal bone; metacarpals;
front View.ol ble a gins yho tela ost See es aa
Oblique posterior view of the skull of Morosaurus agilis. Exoccipitals; fron-
tals; foramen magnum; occipital condyle; parietals; post frontals; supra-
occipital: squamosal’..5 -a-22o nice een Soe ce ee eee eee eee
Right half of the pro-atlas of Morosaurus agilis. Lateral view; anterior end of
SAME Sooo Soke ee eee seo ee ee eee re oe ee ee
Anterior view of atlas of Morosaurus agilis. Intercentrum of atlas; neural
arch; odontordiribitacets == 22055- se ost ane ea eon eee eee eee
Side view of axis and part of atlas of Morosaurus grandis. Lett half of neural
arch of atlas; possible intercentrum of axis; odontoid process; posterior
LY SAP OPW SiS: 2s sarc s ee = cree eee See a ee a
Ventral view of axis of Morosaurus agilis. Intercentrum of axis; posterior
zy egapophyses: transverse, processess—- = 2 = as Se ee ee
Ventral view of atlas and axis of Camptosaurus. Atlas intercentrum; axis;
amis antercenbrum-nacetsonmllsheee eee ee eee eee eee coe oe Sern
Ischia of Morosaurus, interior view. Distal ends; face for ilium; distal
extremity; face:tor pubis; symphysis .-2- 1-5-2 eee ee
Vitrinella oldroydi. Top view; side view; basal view..---.-.-----.-----.-----
Vitrinella eshnauri. Top view; side view; basal view...-...-...-------------
Vitrinella alaskensis. Top view; side view; basal view..-.------------------
Vitrinella (Docomphala) stearnsi. Top view; basal view; side view ..-..-----
Vitrinella (Docomphala) berryi. Top view; side view; basal view......------
Cyclostrema xantusi. Top view; side view; basal view --.-.-.-.------.------
Cyclostrema diegensis. Top view; basal Views SIUewiewire-= ee see cea
Circulus cosmius. Top view ; side view; basal view ....,-------------------
Circulus cerrosensis. ‘Top view ; side view; basal view....--.--.---.-2------
Cyclostremella californica. Top view ; basal view ; side view..---.------ ene
Scissilabra dalli. Top view; side view; basal view .......------------------
Macromphalina occidentalis. Side view ; basal view....-..------.-----------
XY SbCINGCHYLRTOUNUME Se Seo oe cee Sete oe eee oe ea ee
Gerreomonphar Japonica eee ne Sera eee
Rensselaeria mainensis, mold of interior of pedicle valve. Natural size..----.
Rensselaeria mainensis, mold of interior brachial valve. Natural size -....----
Skeleton of Gasterosteus williamsoni leptosomus. (Type) ..-------------------
Nearly complete skeleton of Gasterosteus williamsoni leptosomus ....-----------
Posterior portions of skeleton of Gasterosteus williamsoni leptosomus ..---------
Calypirobotlrunnioccidentalce |S COLGXe eee =e ee ee
Calyptrobothrium occidentale. Free segment; genital cloaca; cirrus; ovary; ovi-
duct; shell gland; testes; uterus; vagina; vas deferens; vitelline gland_-__--
CalupirobothrinnuniniussaS COlexa=s = eee eee nee
Calyptrobothrium minus. Free segments in coitu. Cirrus of smaller segment
retracted; cirrus of larger segment everted and inserted in vagina of smaller
segment; uterus: flledswith tusifonmiova coe] sees eee eee ee eee
Calyptrobothrium minus. Cirrus everted; distal end of same, more highly mag-
nified; spermatoza are seen issuing from apex ........---...--------------
Calypinobothrum: munuss, (ONa as ees eee oe eee ee eee eee ee eee
160
161
164
164
167
168
169
170
170
171
172
-o
io.
174
175
176
233
247
248
268
268
272
272
273
276
277
279
280
281
282
4
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XIII
Page.
OULU OUOL TENTS s Mm COUN OUSCOlOXey= eae ae oe ae ae wee ac asso 283
Calyptrobothrium minus. Fragment of strobile, young...........---.-------- 283
Side view of a foot showing the Plantula below the first tarsal segment .__--- 287
Aglaothorax ovatus. Adult male ; tip of abdomen ; cercus ; infracercal plate. 292
Aglaothorax castanus. Pronotum of male from above; tip of the abdomen
TromMEabovermcercuseainiracercaliplate: sem sac. sco-2—482-05oceo5t of seen cess 294
Neduba carinata. Pronotum of male from above; tip of abdomen of the male
TOMA D Ove mcercusewaniracercaluplates sess sssee es eoeieiet asc see soe aces = 297
Weaubercarinata var. picturata. Adult female-..<22--22.2222-522-2252.25<<-- 299
DV AUCECLTEIN OLE VAT CONUCLO Wm ACLU GCM al ene eet sais ae oa 300
Neduba carinata var. convera. Tip of abdomen of adult male from above..-. 301
Neduba morsei. Tip of abdomen of adult male from above...-.---.---- Jens oly
IEG OTE CLUL CM UITUE a) C CLO EE me NCCLUT LT 2h | © ese ene Say eee eye te, ope ee 303
Neobarrettia imperfecta. Tip of abdomen of male from above..-.-.---------- 304
RETO CLOT cca NCU GN tL OTR e eo See ers ee ee SES SS a eteplon a) see 306
Rehnia victorix. Tip of abdomen of male from above........---.----------- 307
JRE: Goons. G Nel wot Sees Caer he ee sere ee ee eee eee ere 307
Rehnia spinosa. Tip of abdomen of the male from above...-..-.----.------- 308
aE MO DIELA CUNCIIUS oe eA CULE MALO ses Moos eee emo ese ele eee eee He 309
Zacycloptera atripennis. Tip of abdomen of male from aboye ....--.--------- 309
Bavuanorcsneuigmosuss Adult males so. 42.2 c.f ee ae tes sete Ble Ss Se Ses 312
Capnobotes fuliginosus. Ovipositor; cercus of the male -....--...------------ 313
Mannovowsiocciaentans. (Cercus.of the males 2. 2 5-2 ce Sack cesss cence: 315
Capnobotes brunert. Outline of elytron of the female..........-.....---.---- 317
PAT OPIUM SCR CTU O TEC TESTS eum A CULL Gp 10 2] Ypres ye ee 319
OM GUSOOnSaLisem (Dip Ol the Ovi pOslbO nee sseeeenee a. os4 seo ses: oe sees 323
UPC DOCUMENUS:», AGUNG MAIC sah yoo Satoh: Soe ee eee ken 324
ET TOOMUAS ISM ESLOCEO mary GSP CCLIN CN Sayers aes eee eee eae 524
ER GCHIGEGOR JUOOC MISS SERRE SBOBe ECB bE aoe seeore ee oes eae Bese ree raeasaaoe 325
VAN ONUIGUS DAChUNer iss 1 OCrGusOLadulitanal ems sss 2 seis see Soe eee Be
Atlanticus gibbosus. Tip of abdomen of male trom above ..------------------ 326
PAN OICRLOLLUUCS meme CLULIGy CIA Ch eerste Seep ee A ee ce ae 328
BE enUiOt TS» a OCLCUS OlMAlC. 2.52 3a cere Son 550s aoe oe ss Seas gol ke 329
Apote notabilis var. robusta. Cercus of male .--..--- a ee PET re 329
2reaoaies Gavuyoiciion INGINN WMA Se so Sees Goes aor coesea scasen cone 332
Heanronciescphippund. Cercus OL male 222. 0<5-5-o< ~Ueck septa ee eines 353
ienionades sCuadentm Cercus Ol Male —.. 2s. iS ie ose se eels 2 see Ses o34
PRETO OC OCSA0 CLUPamms CCLCUSEO Ia Ci rene ae ee ee erst oe ere coe Se oe 335
eNO DCOCHOTCNiGAUO Camas A Cult ternal 6 aaa eee ae nee ee ae eee a 3 337
Puiapedes auajasciaia. AGuUIt lemale 2. 2.22 eA ses see se eee eek see oe 338
SILO NCINeriGaiuss = AGultmalecercusior malesa ea. assess eee eo ee eee 342
Stipator stevensonii. Cercus and last abdominal segment of male.........---- 345
Humor nigromargimatus. - Adult female<. = 22-545. s2552-tencs ele s.c scene 346
MipiiOmaninais var msignis: — Cercus OL Males 222 i200 - 2 cove an sess ccs n'- = 349
PACU RUSESUIND Cine ACUI ste mnal C= septs Sere ape Se eer Seat oe era oars 304
A CULUSESUNUDICL mem OC CLCUSHOL pI al Cmte vane Se Saeiee a oper eaten Se eee aie 305
RUaIRICeh aes OCLCUS OL MNAlG 5 5s je Sak oka oe ses a ee ein se 361
LURE ONO UIES pee AG UL LET DLC ison aloe ae ae foe eee iio Secs Si » Ste ree 362
Peranabrus scabricollis. Adult male; cercus of male .........------..-------- 364
Erromaurusscauricouis. Adult female oo. . 2 casscessass~ = tooce sc shoctee 365
EEPONUUORUS TS COURICOLLISIS a EIA Sy OWA OSI iM One eae enya = see are ee = 367
micloplusimotatus. Adult temales cercus of male -.---2-2.- -22--.-222=--2---- 370
Pevioninsuniiores Nuit temale, 229. 28o se 256 oc a sean ween eben 371
XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Ateloplus schwarzi. Cercus of immature male; cercus of adult male ........-- 312
Ateloplus luteus: “Cercusiof males sass ese soe eee eee eee a nae ee 379
TIdiostatus equalis. Adult male; cereus of male; last dorsal abdominal seg-
mentof male = 2c. seas. see -Seertiee oecreee eae Rene eee eee eee 377
Idiostatus nevad nsis. Last dorsal abdominal segment of the male .........-- 378
Idiostatus sinuata. Cercus of male; last dorsal abdominal segment of the male. 379
Idiosta‘us bilineata. Cercus and last dorsal abdominal segment of male_.._.-- 380
Idiostatus fuscopunctatus. Cereus of male; last dorsal abdominal segment of
WHALE. Socec2 sos ds coat sees Sci oe. Se aera ne eee eres eee ae eee 382
Tedvostatusmennn.. -Adulttentalem ese. see sesso eee eee ee 383
Idtostatus-rehni.. Cercusiot males 25. eeee ses ee. Cee ee 384
Tdhostatus elegans: Adult mallee? - <2. soo ee 3 ene ee eee 384
Idiostatus elegans. Cercus and last dorsal abdominal segment of male._._-..-- B85
Idiostatusinermis. \Cercusiot maless- sone see eee ee ee ee ee 386
Plagiostira albonotata. Adult male; cercus of male. Var. brevipes, ovipositor. 380
Plogiostiragilletten Maile. 6 a2 as aay eee eee? ee ee 393
TIdionotus brunneus. Adult female; pronotum of female from above; cercus of
adultimale 2: 5 32g ident bs tases ee oe cee eee ee ee ees 395
Idiongtus brevipes. -Cercusioi ‘mature male S254. 2-55- =. ee ee eee eee 396
Clinopleura melanopleura. Adult male; cercus of male; pronotum of male
Troma Hove MOvApPOsILOM tO TAL INE) SCC yee eset oe re 400
Chnonleurammiumuta. —Cercusrotadulijimale eases 402
Platycleisletcher= Acultsiemalesa-en- eee see eee eee eee eee eee 404
Steiroxys trilineata. Adult female; pronotum of female from above; cercus of
adulitimale:scencusyotedunlitimalle ners ree a eee tn eee ee 407
Steinoxys pallidipalpus: «Cercus oadultmmalesesss. seers ae ee ee eee 408
Steiroxys pallidipalpus. Cercus of adult male (variety) ......---.-.---------- 409
SUEINOD 1 S\OOnCAL'Ss em Cereus i Olea Gurl tam ell eyes eee eee eevee +10
Acanthophacelus reticulatus, showing color variation in the male.._....------- 426
Tip of intromittent organ of Acanthophacelus reticulatus. Third anal ray;
fourthvanal ray; -fiithvamall, ray 22 e+e cee sso pee ee ee eee 427
Tip of intromittent organ of Glaridichthys uninotatus. Third anal ray; fourth
anal ray fiftheanal rays oe. 2). A eee ae See ee ee ee 427
Enlarged tip of the intromittent organ of Glaridichthys uninotatus. Third anal
TENS JLOWOAHOWUHOLIL Tees salud Ever WEN Coons Gaoodeoo oases ssecaceeaedaeoccas 428
Distal parts of the intromittent organ of Girardinus metallicus. Third anal ray;
fourth anal ray; titthvanaliray222 cee ae | ee ee ee 429
Distal parts of the intromittent organ of Phalloptychus januarius. A, The crzan
as it is normally found; B, unfolded; (a, third anal ray; 6, fourth anal ray;
c, fifth anal ray). ©, third anal ray, three-fourths view; D, fifth anal ray,
enlarged ..< ... 25... oc25 ace Sele aS eae ee ee eee eee 430
Distal parts of the intromittent organs of Phalloceros caudomaculatus. a, Third
ONT Wah wowbdN HORM rhys E, abo, Gow Wey. So = S552 56555 cssacssse- 431
ELS) CCL LUGE CTUSTS saan (Lay 10 C9) ee eee 432
Cynolebias porosus. (Type). «a, Head from above; ), lead from beneath.... 482
OQynolebiasbellotinn, Vo, Hleadtolisamies= = eee se ee ae ee 433
Cynolebias maculatus. cease a Soe ee Se en 433
Spherarmadillo schwarzi. a, Dorsal view; 6, second antenna; c, flagellum of
second antenna; d, lateral part of first thoracic segment (lateral view); ¢,
lateral part of first thoracic segment (ventral view); /, last two segments of
abdomen with uropoda; g, uropoda (ventral view)...........---.--------- 445
Seriolaiquingquenadiaa 2. aces. -¢ foe 2 waa SS oe ee ee eee 494
Trachinotus ballon 22s. . oon es ee eee 495
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XV
Page.
OID GEO. So lr eo a Fe OTE
(Hime UZO EON <5 6 ob Sa SERGE ECE CO EO ee ene ee 498
ORAL: [OGG oS 58 SSA OSS OSE SEE et Oe 498
Phrynocrinus nudus, A, Calyx and upper stem joints; B, stem joint, lateral
view; C, stem joint, end view; D, root and lower stem joints...........--- 508
em eniTis DACUICUS aa GLOW MAN LOObs< sce co. ask secs cea. oe cete cae eele. 511
SUNIGH, QDee nb Sds SoG EOME SD BS Se SEE a Se ae ae a Te een ee 520
PO OMONET IUGR OGM Ty Mae eet eA ee EE A Neen, ye Se SRE a Ae 523
Ptilocrinus pinnatus. a, Crown and upper part of stem; ), middle of stem; ¢,
| OWIGAP PORURE LISS) Css Set asa, Seem eae ea eee eee ee 552
FRESLOPALLOMNOLEH DIG CUIUSHNOLCETU am =e ae eo eee sao Ee Re eee ees 63
PLATES.
Facing page.
MERE PORTS OLMGREUUs we bert ShUCerma22 seas kse Shs 5 cess cc ccienice eee ti soae +
PPS UNCHCMAG. RID RIEISI OM ome 2 8 aoe Qe) St ne cicos < ciengidiee sla lise +
PIO TIUSLUUNCHCLUUT. IRCAT VIC Wire ase 26 5s 242 222528 28 ee eis leek eden (4
PMS Onbhe CeNUS: ArgUrestwid «t=. , 522 2accarer we eco cee thee once Se 24
DAI SEO IMU CLO CMUS MAR LNeSt Idee a) kei erect n teeieke eee = Se eos Siete ee ee ae 24
Camlinerselima Alabama. Meteorite. -. 22 5... 5.2.52 jocscc loess ee eect ce canst 62
fpluinecrselinadcA labama, Meteorite 222252 ..-2..022.2+6 5-2 Sec nee eee ee 62
8°) The Hendersonville, North Carolina, Meteorite................-...---.- 82
9. Micro-structure of Hendersonville, North Carolina, Meteorite ..........- 82
Meee niino pre island Wipomds 2.4. =. case 2 See -ar eee cs Sete ecs.ee ees vate 150
11. Philippine Island Viviparide Se eee er ee ret tat SS snp ye, 150
12. Side view of neck and skull of Morosaurus agilis ..............---------- 166
13. Side view of neck and skull of Morosaurus agilis .............-.-+-.----- 166
14. Landmarks and lines of measurements of the anterior and middle fosswe.. 179
15. Landmarks and lines of measurements of the cerebral and cerebellar parts
GSE TELUS of OVO ISA EN EAN OS OTETS EE Ye eae ee eS 180
lGeethe: Rich Mountain, North Carolina, Meteorite....22..2..2.2..2.2--...- 244
Wipe Dicis bRAC GAME CON Seren a cee = Se Sh Bes eS eee 256
SMA SUP AtinCATIN @ OTAS fin ke op wae et eae ale ce te ea eet 256
U@, JBpaste Jims oeniy, (Clon So ae a Oe een ee 256
UMD ASUEA THI Caan COLAIS spn es- Sas ese Hee See mees Meee cee. aba asse Sees 256
PAGMM AS HeAuini Came OLAS eka eee eee Soke ns eet s Sen oe eis Se lee ace 256
PAS tec Gann OOS ers sees ate ae ee ee De Pe os ay ea eye ap ISL 256
Seam LS Lae Atte CAME (6 OAS mentee ee eie Me Rhye en ry eres ey Bye payee SS IS Says eee 256
pee AG PACT ACELIIN OO Nel Gren ten Mal ee ht, elie A nee wee eee eo. See 256
owen uals teAUIA Cale OT al spss pe ys aye ae reps en etn Nel ee See ec ae 256
IAD, TERNS ANITA CETOWN CONE Ee a eee ee ee Re cee ee 256
PIM AGS (PAN TTT eA x ©) Tied |S eee eee ete es en Se pes al yl ys eee 2 EO ee oe Sa 256
PY SA SteAt rT GaAln © OAS aaeya Mee. Se ae men Sole 6S Wee Re Rees oh Se pee i ee 256
PNR a CEO lMPA RG? SxCOLOSTONUUMNE sare a ate eases een oa ee Sree eee 424
SU sbbemewly batched larvanol Angulusjundul 2222522 esse] soca. 424
leethe newly hatched larvaiof Argulus maculosus.°..2...:..522-22..-252-2- 424
o2the male and female of Argulus appendiculosus ..5.5---2.-----+-+52----- 424
33. Map of Sumatra showing provisional distribution of Giant Squirrels -.--- 439
Derachauchenius lucas. | wvpe specimen! 5-555 =s == shes 5s. s eS oes 489
35. Skull of Brachauchenius, from Eagle Ford Shales of Texas ......-.------ 489
Hoe Ieee Cone IMixopan deere Kalle) cone Way noKel NOWAK) = a8 os soca oemnes ceo aseeees sae- 489
Diem VeSLOred OUULIMe Ons KiMllLOreDMmOGHCtUGHCINLUS = sp a= = lee See eine ee eee ee 489
Som OCeMe Ie eGV POU disc mame aces see ee ieleti cies sais yore alsinvs a7aye sissies 546
XVI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Facing page.
39. Eocene Pelecypoda and Gasteropoda.-.-.......--------- epee ee Peay =-2. 946
40. Miocene Pelecypoda and Gasteropodaeseesse==—ee eee see ee eee eee 546
41. Miocene Pelecypoda and Gasteropoda=saeeeee- seen ose ener eee 546
42° Miocene Echinoidea and Pelecypodabesess-= sees eee eee eee eee 546
3. Miocene Echinoidea, Pelecypoda, and Gasteropoda ..-.....---.--------- 546
44, Miocene Pelecypoda and Gasteropoda-. 2-2-2... - 4. s2e-2 sees see 546
45. Miocene Pelecypoda, Gasteropoda, and Crustacea.........--.-----.----- 546
46. Miocene. Pelecypoda:and! Gasteropodae=ess-se—- == -- ee eee eee eee eee 546
47. Pliocene arcas .2 2.22 s5 chee soe so eee eee ee ee 546
48. Pliocene Pelecy,poda and:Gasteropoda:2o= == = ==. seems = = eee see ee 546
49. Pliocene: Brachiopodaand) Pelecypodak-.22-2 saa-2 eee ee eee sae eee 546
50), Pliocene’ Pelecy podaidndliGasteropodasaae= esas = eens eee ee eee ae 546
51. Tertiary Turritellas< 255 .6.2220.53 oe ee ee eee ee 546
52. Microstructureiof Siliceous|Sandstonemase ses = eee eee eee 550
53. A New-Parasitic, Mollusk2ss22.,<2-ss- 524 ono oo Se eee es eee 556
ots Skulls’ot Old Worldskorcupmcsi=sas—e—e- eee eee eee eee eee eae 594
50. Okullsof Old WorldsBorcupines es sees eeeeee eee eee eee eee eee 594
56, Skullsiof Olds Wiorld@Porcupinestss=ssen eee eee eee ee 594
of. Tail Bristlestand Vertebrae of MalayanvPorcupinesias see. 2. eee ee eeee 594
58: Skull of Apigaulus*hatchert, sees soe se eee eee 636
59: Skull and ower jawiot Hpigaulus hatchery ase eee ee ane ene see 636
60. Skulls of Epigaulus hatcheri and Aplodontia rufus ......-.---------------- 636
61. Pelvis, Femur, and Humerus of Hpigaulus hatcheri .......--.------------ 636
62.) Fore and hind foot ot Hpigaulusthatcheriae sees eee see ee eee eee 636
63. Lower jaw and skeleton bones of Epigaulus hatcheri......----..--------- 636
64. Skeleton bones of Hpigaulusthatchert = 25. -2m5 2 see eee eee eee 636
65. Vertebral column and Pelvis of Epigaulus hatcheri.......-------- Signe 636
66; 1Opheodesoma sspectabilise ae. see ae eee eee eee eee 744
64. Actinopyga; -Holothirnia aces seer eee ne One eee Cee eee 744
68.. Elolothuridicsss G52 os Sack Gee Ee ee ee ee ee eee 744
69." Holothuria.. «32 352s nae SS ee Se Se ee et eee 744
70. Hawaiian -Holothurides22ees22 see ee Soe ee ee eee eee eee 744
(La Mesothirias VRSedostiGhopus =e eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 744
(2, Bathyplotes: Pseudostichopussessss a oe seen eee eer eee tere ne eee eee 744
73. Hawaiian Holothumanss ss s2e ce. sae sno ee ee Ce Oe Cee eee 744
(4: -Pseudostichopus, Scotodeuna qaeesene eae eee eee re Lee eee eee eee eee 744
WOO nSCOLOGELMG:, SUL OG OTIC EEE eee nena ee ee eee ee 744
(68 Scotoderma,y Pseudosticho pis! aaa eee ee 744
Mi OTORNURGUSATSLOTIS == samen ete ee aeRO te ioe See cee ee eee 744
(8. Hawaliany Blpidude'..2t2. 4a ees See ee ae ee eee eee 744
79. Hawailan: Cucumariide eens sao eo ee ere emer ee eee ee 744
80) Opheodesoma, Synaptula, hy ontdnini= ssn see eee eee 744
Sl. “Hawaiian, Synaptide' =. 05. ce sees oe eae ee ee eee 744
82. Hawaiian Synapide = 255 = om se Sele ne sie ee ee tee ee ae ee 744
A SPECIMEN OF TYPICAL BURCHELL’S ZEBRA IN THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
By Marcus Warp Lyov, Jr.,
Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals, U. S. National Museum.
The United States National Museum is fortunate in possessing a
good example of what is apparently a typical Burchell’s zebra, Agwus
burchellii (Gray). According to a recent authority” this species is
now extinct or nearly so, and it is desirable to publish photographic
reproductions and descriptions of all specimens as a matter of perma-
nent record. The specimen here described and illustrated’ agrees
very closely with the figures published by Mr. Pocock’ and with the
figure published by Mr. Ewart.” It is in many respects, however,
different from Gray’s original figure of As/nus burchellii,’ mainly in
the absence of shadow stripes anterior to the shoulder and the more
complicated marking in the region of the rump and thigh. The
specimen, Cat. No. 15120, U.S.N.M., was received in the flesh from
the shows of Barnum, Bailey & Hutchinson from Bridgeport, Con-
necticut, on July 15, 1885. Unfortunately no other information
regarding the specimen is obtainable. It was mounted for exhibi-
tion by Dr. W. T. Hornaday shortly after it was received at the
Museum, and has since been on exhibition. The skull, Cat. No. 21982,
U.S.N.M., and leg bones are, unfortunately, mounted in with the
skin, and it does not seem advisable to remove the skull at present for
purposes of study.
The scapule were the only other portions of the skeleton saved. In
the catalogue the sex is marked ‘‘ ¢ ,” but an examination of the speci-
men shows it to bea female, two teats being distinctly seen in the
inguinal region. The specimen is in good condition aside from a
4 Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1903, p. 196.»
DA figure of the head and neck of this specimen was published in the Report of
the U. 8S. National Museum, 1892, pl. Lxxxt.
¢Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1903, p. 197.
“The Penycuik Experiments, 1899, p. 86.
€ Zool. Journal, I, 1824-1825, pl. rx.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXXII—No. 1505.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07——1 1
‘
~
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
long oblique crack in the skin on the right side. The hair is slightly
worn in spots about the shoulders and along the sides, where the ani-
mal had probably rubbed itself in its cage, as well as one or two minor
spots about the head.
Markings.—TVhe shape, diréction, relative size, and number of the
stripes and shadow stripes are well seen in the figures and need no de-
tailed description. The most anterior shadow stripe subtends the
first dorsal stripe posterior to the shoulder stripe on each side. No
real stripes appear on the legs proper, but at the left heel are two
small remnants of stripes, and about the right heel are three faint
remnants. On the left side but one vertical dorsal stripe reaches the
ventral longitudinal stripe, while on the right side two stripes are
fully connected with the ventral line and a third is partially connected
with it. The neck stripes are very broad, and on the right side some
of them fuse in places.
Color.—The muzzle is dirty white, suffused with cream buff” just
above margin of upper lip; elsewhere it presents a grizzled appear-
ance, due to the dark bases of the hairs and the dark color of the skin
showing through the short scant hairs. Chin similar to muzzle, but
without any cream-buff area. The dark patches above the nostrils are
intermediate in color between vandyke brown and burnt umber. The
dark stripes on the face are dark seal brown tinged with vandyke
brown; those on the cheeks a dark shade of vandyke brown and burnt
umber. The light areas of the head are dirty white. The dark
stripes of the neck and body are a dark combination of vandyke
brown and burnt umber, growing lighter as the stripes reach the
region of the elbow, belly, and hips. The upper half of the light
neck stripes area very light mixture of isabella and fawn colors, fad-
ing out to dirty white on the lower half of the stripes. The dark
colors of the mane are concolor with the dark neck stripes, but the
white areas are white or dirty white, contrasting with the isabella-
fawn color of the upper portion of the neck stripes. The light stripes
on the body, shoulders, hips, and thighs are a light mixture of fawn
and isabella color; those on the body fading out to dirty white on the
belly. The shadow stripes are light mummy brown, gradually blend-
ing into the ground color of the light stripes in which they are situ-
ated. The belly is dirty white, with the longitudinal stripe dark seal
brown tinged with vandyke brown.
The legs are dirty white, irregularly suffused with dirty cream buff.
The remnant of marks about the heel are similar in color to the
shadow stripes, but much lighter.
The ears are dirty white; the dark spot toward the tip is concolor
with the dark neck stripes. .
“The names of the colors are taken from Ridgway’s Nomenclature of Colors for
Naturalists.
——
No. 1505. A TYPICAL BURCHELI’S ZEBRA-—LYON. 3)
The tail is mainly dirty white, with the mid-dorsal stripe extending
along its upper surface and gradually dying out near the end; tuft of
hairs at the end dirty white, intermingled with a few brownish-black
hairs.
Measurements.—Taken from mounted specimen. Total length,
muzzle to end of tail vertebrae, tape applied to dorsal line, 2,740 mm. ;
jength of head, muzzle to occiput, 510 mm.; occiput to shoulder stripe,
650 mm.; shoulder stripe to root of tail, 1,180 mm.; tail vertebrie, 440
mm.; tail toend of hairs, 725 mm.; height at shoulder, 1,115 mm.; tip
of hoof to heel, 505 mm.; tip of hoof to elbow, 700 mm.; collosity,
right foreleg, 75 by 30 mm.; collosity, left foreleg, T8 by 34 mm.;
length of ear from meatus, 136 mm.; length of ear from crown, 152
mim.; length of hairs of mane at middle of neck, 103 mm.; antero-
posterior diameter of forehoof where it is attached to skin, 8+ mm.;
greatest transverse diameter of same hoof at same point, 79 mm.;
tip of hoof to base of hairs in front, 54 mm.; antero-posterior diame-
ter of hind hoof where it is attached to the skin, 79 mm.; greatest trans-
verse diameter of same hoof at same point, 64 mm.; tip of hoof to
base of hairs in front, 60 mm.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Puate I. Leit side of Burchell’s Zebra, Equus burchellii (Gray), Cat. No. 15120
U.S.N.M.
Il. Right side of Burchell’s Zebra, Hquus burchellii (Gray), Cat. No. 15120
U.S.N.M.
III. Rear view of Burchell’s Zebra, Equus burchellii (Gray), Cat. No. 15120
J.S.N.M.
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REVISION OF THE AMERICAN MOTHS -OF THE GENUS
ARGYRESTHIA.
By Aucusr Buscr,
Of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
The genus Argyresthia was erected by Hiibner “ for four species, of
which three are truly congeneric, and of which the first mentioned and
best known (Argyresthia goedartella Linnzeus) may be regarded as the
type of the genus.
The genus includes a group of small moths of about half an inch or
less in alar expansion, which are found principally in Europe and
America. The different species exhibit great variety in the pattern
of their wing ornamentation, but the ground color
; / , is nearly always white and the markings are either
( metallic golden or bronze or are brown and fuscous.
They may be recognized
by the following generic
D characters: Face smooth,
; head rough. Labial palpi
porrected, moderately
long, slightly curved and
pointed; terminal joint
long, both joints more or
less roughened beneath. Maxillary palpi obsolete; tongue moderate.
Antenne three-fourths of wing-length, with rather long pectinated
basal joint; in the males finely serrate and pubescent.
Forewings elongate, pointed, smooth scaled with 12 veins (or with
only 11 veins, one median vein being obsolete); 7 and 8 stalked or
separate; 7 to termen; 1 b slightly furcate at base or simple; 2 from
or near corner of cell, which is proportionally broad and which has an
internal vein from between 11 and 10 to below 8 and another from base
to between 4 and 5; membrane thickened along the costal edge above
vein 11.
SSS
FIG. 2.—VENATION OF ARGYRES-
THIA FREYELLA.
Fic. 1—HEAD OF AR-
GYRESTIA.
« Verz. bekant. Schmett, 1816, p. 422.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXXII—No. 1506.
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Hindwings narrower than the forewings, lanceolate with cilia 2-3;
8 veins (or sometimes only 7 veins, vein 4 absent, see page 10); 3 and 4
separate, connate or stalked; 5 and 6 stalked; 7 parallel to 6; 8 free;
internal vein to stalk of 5 and 6; transverse vein sometimes more or
less obsolete. Posterior tibize smoothly scaled.
The genus is nearest and correlated with Ze/er/a Stainton, which
differs mainly in the absence of vein 4 in the hindwings.
From Cedestis Zeller it differs mainly in having veins 5 and 6 in the
hindwings stalked instead of parallel. .
The larvee feed within leaves, shoots, buds, fruit, or bark, and
pupate either in the mine or in a dense white cocoon outside the mine.
The moths assume at rest a characteristic position, apparently
standing on their head, with the body and wings raised obliquely or
sometimes nearly perpendicularly from the surface; before settling
down to rest some of the American species at least execute a curious
seesawing motion by balancing the body up and down with the second
pair of legs asa pivot.
FIG. 8.—VENATION OF ARGYRESTIA GEODARTELLA.
Some of the species are occasionally numerous enough to be of some
economic importance. ,
The genus Argyresthia is in the American Catalogue classed at
present under the family Tineidee, following Meyrick’s system in his
Handbook of British Lepidoptera, but,as before mentioned,” the writer
is inclined to follow continental writers on this point, and regard the
Areyrestide as a subfamily under the Yponemeutide, to which group
they seem to be more allied than to the Tineidze, notwithstanding the
rough head, which on the whole appears to be of less fundamental
importance, than has hitherto been given to that character.’
Some forty species of Argyresthia are known in Europe.
In the United States the genus was first recognized by Clemens, who
in 1860 described one species. This species, oreasella, was at once
wrongly determined by Stainton as the European andereggiella Dupon-
chel, and has since remained obscured as a synonym of that species.
“Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVII, 1904, p. 754.
Vide genus Tamarrha Walker, Busck, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XX, 1906, p. 729.
No. 1506. cEVISION OF MOTH GENUS ARG YRESTHIA—BUSCK. qi
Of the true andereggiella I have not met with any American specimens,
and the species should probably be excluded from our American List.
It is included in the present paper on suspicion and in order to point
out the differences of our orease//a Clemens.
Packard in 1871 deseribed Bucculatrix thuvella, which now proves
to be an Argyresthia.
Zeller in 1873 described three American species as follows: quadri-
strigella, deletella, and austerella, and identified wrongly a fourth
species” as his European abdoménalis, which name should be dropped
from the American List.
Chambers described, during 1874-1877, seven species of Argyres-
thia—undulatella, apicimaculella, belangerella, montella, quercicolella,
altissimella, and pedmontella—hesides recording the European goe-
dartella Linneus. Of these Chambers himself made wndulatella a
synonym of Zeller’s wusterela, but, as the description and the types
show, it is a good species and should be preserved.
Lord Walsingham described, in L882 and 1890, four species in the
present genus, namely, subreticulata, cupressella, freyella, and plici-
punctella, of which freyella is the species wrongly identified by Zeller
as the Kuropean abdominalis. He further recorded the European
mendica Haworth from this country, but this record appears quite
erroneous, as shown in detail under Argyresthia rilevella, new species
(see p. 20), the type of which is the unique specimen on which the
record of mendica was made, and mendica should thus be excluded
from the American list.
Finally Riley recorded, in 1891, the European pygmwella Hiibner
from this country, and in 1896 Fletcher recorded the European con-
jugella Leller, making 19 species rightly recorded from America, to
which 5 new species are added in the present paper. Thus alto-
gether 24 species of Argyresthia are known at the present time in
this country, which number, however, will undoubtedly be consider-
ably augmented, when the fauna is better known. These species may
be distinguished by the help of the following analytical key, which,
however, should be used with some caution, for the following reasons:
(1) Because some of the species are quite close; (2) because the distine-
tion between metallic golden and brown may be interpreted differ-
ently by other persons, especially as nearly all the species have a
brilliant luster which might be described as metallic by some. Ref-
erence to the description and figure ought to make the determination
reasonably certain.
I wish to acknowledge my obligations to Mr. T. W. Smillie, of the
U.S. National Museum, for the excellent photographs from which the
two accompanying plates are made. The photographs were taken
«The species later described as freyella Walsingham.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
mens, in some cases the types, on which this paper is based. They
will prove a valuable aid in the identification of the species under
consideration.
Meyrick has grouped “ the European species of Argyresthia accord-
ing to whether they have veins 7 and 8 in the forewings stalked or
separate. Iam unable to class the American species by this character
in any natural sequence, and believe the character quite unimportant
as indicating natural groups; the stalked veins are generally found in
the small species and the separate veins in the broader winged species
irrespective of other affinities. Thus I can not recognize the pro-
priety of the generic name Slastotere Ratzeburg, 1840, recently
reintroduced and advocated by Lord Walsingham? for the species
with veins 7 and 8 stalked, Meyrick’s section A. The character,
however, is constant within the species and may thus with advantage
be an aid in determining the species. I have therefore noted the
condition under the description of each species.
It is hoped that no American reference of any consequence has been
omitted, but of European references only the original description
and Standinger and Revel’s Catalogue of European Lepidoptera are
included.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO ARGYRESTHIA.
Forewings with metallic golden or bronzy markings --....---------------- 1
Forewings with nonmetallic brown or fuscous markings -...--..----------- 18
i; Wath four straichi transverseiascizess— 4-245 55-5-- 52 se eee quadristri-ella p. 9
Wathout such stasciseven = Sale ee Se Soe oe eee eye ne ee Se one 2
2. Dh orax Gold err c 2 ese Se ee SI ee Si eee ic ae ree ener 3
Thorax sw Hite jek ey A ae Sa ob gaia acme et eva alc a een eae ea
3. Wate Solent taser se parse aay cee ee yet ee there ee SO noes anes ee, Sees Pe
Without tascisesaisty 8 Sage Ee te See ee see nee eas eee ee ee
4° Wiithstorked: central fascia =o -s-—5ee a ee ae ee eee geedartella p. 12
Wathoutisuclhwtas cia =p ae see ae 2 acs Sees oe ee thoracella p. 9
5) Forewines with dark transverseistmatiome: 55 ose. se = ase aa ee deletella p. 16
HORE WAM ese will cla © Wits uc kay as gee ee ee ena cupressella p. 10
6, Head‘ pure.wihite- sc 22 s52 25 c.4hese) wale Oe eA ee eee 7
Eieadsaoldenocherous wiltte acy ss eee re eee eet pygmeella p. 18
7. Markines dark brownish, at leastatithevedeesi2 = 922 =a. e eee cee §
Markings lichtiyellowistice 222 oa Se a 8 ac eee 9
Se Wath conmmpletercembralta sects ee eee oe ee -inscriptella p. 15
Without sicla.e i205 © te oe pee es i eye oreasella p. 14
9) With black apical Spot: «4522 25) 218s: bee oe ee es ee ae ee 10
Without sich spot 2-22. ase hee ee os ee ee eee 12
10! Golden color dittused and) prevailinei === == see = a freyella p. 11
Wihite color prevailime maar kanes bleep eee 11
ile Wath torked: centralttasctay-2 22 s-sse ae ee ee annettella p. 12
WithomtisuGh ssi ce he ee ee ae Ber eee eae ope eee ee apicimaculella p. 15
125 Enitiresdorsalkedge white S242 eae see eee eee subreticulata p. 16
Golden markings extending to dorsal edge....--...-----.---- quercicolella p. 11
« Wandbook of British Lepidoptera.
bent. Mo. Mag., X VII, p. 169, August, 1906.
or HS o>
no. 1506. REVISION OF MOTH GENUS ARGYRESTHIA—BUSCK. 9
fear empancesialt- an Mem OF MOTE: 652225250555 -52- 622d See eee ecse es - |
4
MNarexpAncenlessetinanemalinamemGh..Ssct a2 Seeecs. Mee ome oo ee ene 17
ieehore wine cayiubnwinite, dorsal path: 222 2-22 5.2 Ss.So 2. 2 ose eae ee 15
Horewanesmunitormiy lead’colored..=--..-...-....<....+-2.-:- altissimella p. 17
a Waltoadisuincthidankadorsalespoteesc: ss ota. eo he ee ok Sc bee eee ee 16
WET OULESUGHES DO tree ee ems Sarin tee ese) See montella p. 19
iGseDarkydorsalsspoticrossing white area =-2 =. 225..22 5.2.2... 2..-2- conjugella p. 17
Dark dorsal spot not crossing white area.-.-..:.....--.-.---. belangerella p. 18
17. Ground color of costal part of forewings darker than dorsal part......------ 18
Crowndkcoloromentine with awihie esses ons fae a Scie oe eee Seen eee 19
PV ULh einle DrOWi Gorsalvstred k= 265s 262 Ske 2. see rileiella p. 20
WRENN OMG Site StlCdkina at ge ean am a et ce cee sees plicipunctella yp. 19
IGS With contpletestransyverse oblique tasciaiiss 22-2. «2 Ss. e ee se ee oe eee 20
Waitinoutisichs fascias! 2 eo ee os. os kee 28 SO Cary ae Seer pele = Pre be eee 22
20. With large dark costal streak preceding the fascia .........-.--. austerella pp. 22
NWatnoul stele costallustieal kare: aes ese Se aye oe oe! ee ee tm ae 21
21. Basal part of costal edge suffused with brown.---...---.-...-.- undulatella p. 22
Soret me deem yiuille ss terete A a peck ore rete ok Sa Qu Ge se ere bolliella p. 21
22. Alar expanse 11-12 mm., veins 7-8 in forewings separate... - -- pedmontella p. 21
' Alar expanse 8-9 mm., veins 7 and 8 stalked._................-.- thuiella p. 23
ARGYRESTHIA QUADRISTRIGELLA Zeller.
Plate 1V, fig. 1.
Argyresthia quadristrigella ZetuEer, Verh. zool. bot. gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1873,
p. 304.—Frey and Bott, Stett. Entom. Zeitung, XX VIII, 1877, p. 209.—
CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 130.—Dyar, Bull. 52, U.S.
Nat. Mus., 1903, No. 6468.
Labial palpi whitish. Antenne white annulated with black. Face
and head light golden yellow. Thorax golden. Forewings golden
white with the base, tip, and four nearly straightedged transverse
fascie dark golden yellow. Cilia golden. Hindwines light gray.
Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked.
Alar expanse.—10 mm.
A very characteristic species, which can not easily be confounded ,
with any other and at once recognized by the golden thorax and the
four sharply defined golden fascize. The type is in Museum of Com-
parative Zoology in Cambridge.
TTabitat.—Texas (Boll).
Boll obtained his specimens of this species, among which the type,
by beating Juniperus virginiana in March, and it is probable that this
is the food plant of the species.
ARGYRESTHIA THORACELLA, new species.
Plate IV, fig. 2.
Labial palpi, face and head pure white; antennxe white with black
annulations. Thorax light golden yellow. Forewings silvery pearly
white with light golden markings as follows: A basal patch, a broad
transverse fascia a basal third, somewhat wavy in outline and bulging
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
out in the middle toward apex; another much more undulating fascia
on the middle of the wing with similar but exaggerated outline, and
a third nearly straight fascia at apical third, sending out a zigzag
line from its dorsal end into the apical part. No black apical dot.
Hind wings whitish gray. Abdomen light ochreous. Legs silvery
with tips of tarsal joints slightly blackened. Veins 7 and 8 in fore-
wings stalked.
Alar expanse.—9 ram.
FHabitat.—W illiams, Arizona [H, 8S. Barber].
Type.—Cat. No. 9945, U.S.N.M.
Nearest to A. cupressella Walsingham, with clear white ground
color and with lighter and more weli-defined markings, which are
nearly perpendicular on the edge, not strongly oblique as in cupressella.
ARGYRESTHIA CUPRESSELLA Walsingham,
Plate LV, fig. 3.
Argyresthia cupressella WALSINGHAM, Insect Life, IIT, 1890, p. 118—Dyar, Bull.
52, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1903, No. 6461.
Face and labial palpi yellowish white. Head white. Antenne
annulated with black. Thorax dark golden. Forewings with the
white ground color suffused with light golden, and obscured by the
diffused dark golden markings, which cover the base and the tip of
the wing, and consist of an irregular, more or less broken, broad zig-
zag line touching both edges of the wing, and leaving only two or
three dorsal and three or four costal spots of the whitish ground color
exposed, giving the wing a checkered appearance. At the extreme
apex is a minute black dot.
Forewings with only 11 veins—vein 3 absent
stalked. Hindwing with vein 4 absent.
Alar expanse. —8-9 mm.
Foodplant.— Cupressus.
fHabitat.--California (D. W. Coquillett).
I have examined the type of this species in Lord Walsingham’s col-
lection at Merton Hall, England. The series from which the type
was taken was bred by Mr. Coquillett at Los Angeles, California,
from twigs of several species of Cupressus. This series is in U.S.
National Museum.
The forewings of this species have only four dorsal veins from the
cell below the forked veins 7 and 8 and in the hindwing vein 4 is
absent. It would, according to Meyrick’s table, fall in the allied
genus Cedestis Zeller, but this genus seems to me rather character-
ized by the parallel veins 5 and 6 in the hindwings than by the absence
of veins in the forewings, and the present species is so closely allied
to the nearest following species of Argyresthia, that I include it in this
genus with its natural allies.
and veins 7 and 8
no.150. REVISION OF MOTH GENUS ARGYRESTHIA—BUSCK. i
ARGYRESTHIA FREYELLA Walsingham.
Plate IV, fig. 4.
Argyresthia freyella W ALSINGHAM, Insect Life, IIT, 1890, p. 119.—Dyar, Bull. 52,
U.S. Nat. Mus., 1903, No. 6462.
Argyresthia abdominalis ZELLER [not of Europe], Verh. Zool. bot. Gesell. Wien,
XXIII, 1873, p. 306.—CHaAmBErs, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 130.—
: Dyar, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1903, No. 6453.
Labial palpi, face and head white; antenne with brown annulations.
Thorax white; patagina golden yellow. Forewings golden yellow,
mottled with silvery white, as follows: A narrow basal central streak
reaching to basal third; a small basal dorsal spot, two costal and two
dorsal rather ill-defined outwardly oblique streaks meeting or nearly
meeting at the center of the wing; a series of small costal and dorsal
apical dots round the tip of the wing. Extreme apex black. Cilia
golden yellow, with silvery base. Hind wings pale ochreous fuscous.
Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked.
Alar expanse.—8-9 mm.
hoodplant.—JSuniperus.
Tlabitat.—TYexas (Boll), Missouri (U. S. Dept. Agr.).
I have examined the type of freyel/a at Merton Hall, England, and
also Zeller’s specimens of the supposed abdominalis, which are in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology. There is, as suggested by Lord
Walsingham, no doubt that they are identical but different from the
true abdominalis of Kurope, which thus should be excluded from our
American list.
In the U. S. National Museum is a large series, compared with the
type, bred in the insectary of U. S. Department of Agriculture from
Juniperus, received from Cadet, Missouri.
This series was wrongly placed and labeled as Bucculatrix thuiella
Packard. (See p. 23.
ARGYRESTHIA QUERCICOLELLA Chambers.
Plate IV, fig. 5.
Argyresthia quercicolella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., III, 1877, p. 130;
IV, 1878, p. 180.—Dyar, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1903, No. 6469.
Head, face and palpi white; antenne annulated with black.
Thorax white. Forewings silvery white, largely suppressed by the
extensive golden-yellow markings which caused Chambers to regard
that color as the groundcolor. The basal costal part of the wing is
light golden and reaches on the costa out to a darker golden, inwardly
oblique, broad fascia on the middle of the wing; this fascia is edged
and partly overlaid with dark brownish scales on its dorsal half. The
white groundcolor occupies the dorsal base of the wing and projects
as a spur up along the central fascia nearly to the costal edge; it also
he PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
=
appears as a narrow basal central streak dividing the light golden
color into two parts. The entire apical third, except two small dorsal
and one small costal white spots, is golden-yellow sprinkled and edged
with dark brown scales; the basal edge of this apical golden space is
oblique and parallel with the central fascia, separated from it by a
narrow, pure white, oblique fascia. Cilia golden with brown tips.
Hindwings light fuscous. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked.
Alar expanse.—10 mm.
Habitat. —Colorado (Chambers).
This species, the type of which is in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, is nearest annettella Busck (see p. 12), but larger and easily
distinguished by the ornamentation.
Chambers collected this species among scrub oak in June, but the
foodplant is only surmised to be oak.
ARGYRESTHIA ANNETTELLA, new species.
Plate IV, fig. 6.
Labial palpi, face, and head pure white; antennz annulated with
golden brown. Forewings silvery white with a pale golden crooked
fascia from base of costa to basal third of dorsal edge; on the middle
of the wing is a broad golden fascia, slightly furcate at the costal edge
and at apical third is an irregular inwardly curved golaen fascia
with a golden costal streak preceding it and with two lobes into the
upical part, one going to the costal and one to the dorsal edge.
Extreme apex black; cilia golden. Hindwings light golden fuscous.
Forewings with 7 and 8 stalked, one dorsal vien absent.
Alar expanse.—9 mm. *
Habitat.—Cincinnati, Ohio (Miss Annette Braun).
Type.—Cat. No. 9946, U.S.N.M.
This species is nearest to goedartella Linneus,in wing markings, but
much smaller than that species and differing in details of the pattern.
Named in honor of the collector, Miss Annette F. Braun, who has
sent me this and many other interesting microlepidoptera, all in the
most attractive condition and setting.
ARGYRESTHIA GOEDARTELLA (Linnzus.)
Plate IV, fig. 7 and text fig. 2.
Tinea goedartella Lixnxus, Syst. Nat., 1758, p. 541
Argyresthia goedartella Auctores, Staudinger and Rebel Cat. Lep. Eur., I, 1901;
No. 2402.—CHaAmBeErs, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 144; VIII, 1876, p. 19.
Argyresthia goedastella CrtAmBers, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Science, II, 1875, p. 294;
Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, III, 1877, pp. 181, 141, 147; IV, 1878, p. 130.—
SaunpgERs, Can. Ent., VII, 1878, p. 220.
- Argyresthia goedertella Dyar, Bull. 52, U.S. Nat. Mus., 1908, No. 6458.
No. 1506. REVISION QF MOTH GENUS ARG YRESTHIA—BUSCK. 13
Labial palpi, face, and head golden white; antenne white with
black annulations. Thorax pale golden. Forewings shining white
with golden reflections, sometimes suffused with pale golden; an out-
wardly oblique, somewhat curved coppery-golden fascia from base of
costa; another similarly colored on the middle of the wing is strongly
furcate at costa, anda third inwardly oblique fascia at apical third,
parallel with the outer fork of the second fascia, emits a lobe into the
apical part of the wing, sometimes connecting with the coppery-golden
apex. Hindwings dark gray. Forewings with viens 7 and 8 separate.
Alar expanse.—11-13 mm.
Foodplant.—Catkins and shoots of birch and alder (Meyrick).
The American specimens, which, without hesitation, I refer to this
species, as Lord Walsingham and others have done before, average
slightly larger than the European specimens and the color of the head
and thorax is somewhat lighter than in the European series at my
command, —
Chambers recorded the species from Colorado. In the U.S. National
Museum are, in addition to a good European series (Hoffmann collec-
tion), specimens from California, determined by Lord Walsingham,
and a large series collected by Doctor Dyar on alder in British Colum-
bia; also specimens from Center Harbor, New Hampshire (Dyar), and
from Pecos, New Mexico (Cockerell).
ARGYRESTHIA PYGM.AZELLA Hubner.
Plate IV, fig. 8.
Argyresthia pygmexella HitBner, Schm. Eur., 1827, p. 353.—Sraupincrer and
REBEL, Cat. Lep. Eur., II, 1901, p. 2419.—Ruixey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor.
Am., 1891, No. 5175.—Dyar, Bull. 52, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1903, No. 6467.
Labial palpi, face, and head golden white; antenne annulated
with brown. Thorax golden-white; patagina golden. Forewings
white suffused with pale golden; a darker golden streak on the fold
from base to a golden dorsal spot at basal third; an outwardly oblique
golden streak from the middle of the dorsal edge reaches beyond the
middle of the wing and at tornus is a golden spot. Hindwings fuscous,
Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate.
Alar capanse.—12-14 m. mn.
This striking specics was first recorded from America by the late
Prof. C. V. Riley. In the U.S. National Museum are specimens from
British Columbia (Dyar) and from Seattle, Washington (Kincaid),
which I can not differentiate from the European series of this species.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
ARGYRESTHIA OREASELLA Clemens.
Plate IV, fig. 9.
Argyresthia oreasella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Science, Phila., 1860, p. 7;
Stainton’s ed. Tin. N. Am., 1872, pp. 39, 93.—CHamBeErs, Can. Ent., VI,
1874, p. 10.—Buscx, Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc.,; V, 1903, p. 193.
Argyresthia Sy ZELLER (not Duponchel) Ver. Zool. bot. Gesell. Wien,
XXIII, 1873, p. 304.—CuHampers, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 145; Bull. U. S.
Geol. ee IV, 1878, p. 130.—Dyar, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1903, No.
6455.
Argyresthia anduegiella CuamBrrs, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., III, 1877, pp. 131, 141.
Labial palpi silvery white; face faintly tinged with golden; head
white; antenne white, with dark-brown annulations. Thorax white.
Forewings silvery white, with a pale golden streak from base of costa
diverging slightly from costal edge; from the middle of the dorsal
edge runs a broad golden fascia, somewhat outwardly oblique, across
the wing, tapering strongly toward costa, which it hardly reaches,
but where it is substituted by two minute golden-brown dots. From
costa, just beyond these dots, and nearly touching the tip of the first
fascia, runs a narrower, outwardly oblique golden fascia to tornus;
this fascia emits from its middle a broad branch toward apex, which
divides into three smaller branches, two of which reach the costal and
one the dorsal edge; all the golden markings except the basal streak
are edged with dark-brown scales; around apical edge is a narrow
brown line before the cilia, which is dark-golden fuscous. Hindwing's
dark gray. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate.
Alar expanse.—13 mm.
It is with some reluctance that I must disagree with all former
writers on this species, among whom are such careful workers as
Stainton and Zeller, who have made this species a synonymn of the
Juropean andereggiclla Duponchel. Iwas led to accept this synon-
omy ina former paper® by trusting to the determination of several
American specimens in U. 8. National Museum, which were collected
and named by Lord Walsingham; but critical study of a large series
of European specimens shows definite and constant differences in the
ornamentation between the European and the American forms, and
Clemens’s name therefore should be retained for the latter.
In the U.S. National Museum are specimens of this species, collected
and determined by Lord Walsingham, from Mount Shasta, California;
also specimens from Cornwall, Idaho (Piper); New York, Beuten-
miller; Missouri (Miss Murtfeldt), Ontario (Hanham), and Beulah,
New Mexico (Cockerell).
Chambers recorded the species from Colorado, where he took it
among oaks, and as Miss Hm n Tor s pedi also were captured
a ne W a E ey Soc., V, 1903, p. 196.
——— a
No. 1506. REVISION OF MOTH GENUS ARG YRESTHIA—BUSCK. 15
on oak, this may eventually prove the food plant of the species.
Of Argyresthia andereggiclla Duponchel, I know no American speci-
mens, and it should properly be excluded from our American faunal
list, as its record seems to be made only on misidentified specimens.
There is, however, a possibility that the species may have been or will
be introduced, and I give the figure of the wing from authentic Euro-
pean specimens (Plate TV, fig. 10) for comparison with oveasella.
ARGYRESTHIA INSCRIPTELLA, new species.
Plate IV, fig. 11.
Palpi and face ight golden; head pure white; antennve white, with
brown annulations. Thorax white. Forewings silvery white, with
dark golden or bronze-brown markings, as follows: Costal edge from
base to the middle of the wing suffused with light brown; from the
middle of the costa a broad, inwardly oblique, dark golden-brown
fascia, with two or three small white notches on the costal edge; entire
apical third strongly overlaid with dark golden-brown scales, except
for three costal white dashes, two dorsal and several minute apical
white dots. The apical dark part of the wing is separated from the
central fascia by a large triangular pure white spot, which rests with
one side on the dorsal edge and from the opposite upper corner emits -
a narrow line upward to a white costal dash. Hindwings rather dark
fuscous. Legs silvery white, with tips of all joints brown. Forewing's
with veins 7 and 8 stalked.
Alar expanse.—8 mm,
FHabitat.—Williams, Arizona, July (Barber).
Type.—Cat. No. 9947, U.S.N.M.
A very strikingly marked little species, easily recognized from the
figure of the wing.
ARGYRESTHIA APICIMACULELLA Chambers.
Argyresthia apicimaculella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 11.—Bull. U. 8.
Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 130.—Dyar, Bull. 52, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1903, No.
6456.
Argyresthia visaliella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 145.
Shining silvery-white, each joint of the antenne (except the basal
one) dotted above with dark brown. Primaries with a blackish or
dark-brown, shining, almost triangular spot at the apex, with three
pale and indistinct brownish costal streaks before it; the first of these
streaks is the shortest and most indistinct and is placed at the begin-
ning of the cilia. The second is a little more distinct and sometimes
extends entirely across the wing and the third one always does so after
dividing into two branches just before the apical spot. These streaks
are usually more or less interrupted and sometimes spread over the
apex, so that it might perhaps be more correctly described as dusted
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
than streaked. There is a bright though pale golden basal streak just
within the costal margin.
Alar expanse.—% inch (about 10 mm.). Kentucky, in oak woods,
in June and July.
The above is Chambers’s original description. The species is un-
known to me except from a single specimen in poor condition in
Museum of Comparative Zouless received. from Chambers. This
specimen is glued on a card point and is labeled A. visaliella,; it
undoubtedly represents the present species, which should be easily
recognized from the description, when met with.
ARGYRESTHIA SUBRETICULATA Walsingham.
Plate IV, fig. 12.
Argyresthia subreticulata WaAutsiNGHAM, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, 1882,
p- 173.—Dyar, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1903, No. 6470.
Labial palpi golden-white. Face and head silvery-white. Antenne
annulated with light golden-brown. Thorax white. The dorsal two-
thirds of the forewings pure immaculate white from base to shortly
before apex. The costal third from base to apex light golden-brown,
in the apical part somewhat darker and reticulated with white. The
dark part of the wing broadens slightly and gradually toward apex
and reaches to the apical third of the dorsal cilia. Around the apical
edge is a narrow dark bronze line. Apical cilia golden, dorsal cilia
white. Hindwings light gray. Forewing with veins 7 and 8 stalked.
Alar expanse.—9 mm.
Habitat. —Pennsylvania.
The type of this very distinct species is in the collection of the
Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. It is easily distinguished
from all described American species of the genus by the large immacu-
late dorsal part of the forewings.
ARGYRESTHIA DELETELLA Zeller.
Piate V, fig. 1.
Argyresthia deletella Zevier, Verh. Zool. bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1873, p. 305.—
CuamBeErs, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p.180.—Dyar, Bull. 52, U.S.
Nat. Mus., 1908, No. 6463.
Labial palpi and face golden-white. Head white. Antenne with
black annulations. Thorax light golden yellow. Forewings whitish
yellow, darker on the costal and apical parts than below the fold and
irregularly sprinkled with small indistinct brownish transverse streaks.
On the middle of the dorsal edge is a poorly defined brown transverse
marking, crossing the light dorsal part and reaching beyond the fold.
Apical cilia brownish with white base; dorsal cilia light ocherous.
no. 1506. REVISION OF MOTH GENUS ARG YRESTHIA—BUSCK. dure
Hindwings light ocherous gray. Veins 7 and 8 in the forewings
stalked.
Alar expanse.—10 mm.
Habitat.—Texas.
The species is nearest A. pedmontella Chambers, but differs from it
by its ocherous coloration and is easily recognized by the brown trans-
verse striation.
The types are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and in Lord
Walsingham’s collection. In U.S. National Museum is an identical
specimen, which I have compared in both these places and which I
believe belongs to the original type series.
ARGYRESTHIA ALTISSIMELLA Chambers.
Argyresthia altissimella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., III, 1877, pp. 180, 147;
IV, 1878, p. 130.—Dyar, Bull. 52, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1903, No. 6454.
I quote Chambers’ description:
Of a leaden hue, except that the vertex is whitish, the antennz annulated with
white; the palpi are a little darker than the general hue, except the under surface
of the second joint, which is whitish. Cilia paler than the wings. Expanse of wings
scant 6 lines (about 12 mm.). In some lights the forewings appear silvery or pale
golden. Taken in July among dwarf willows on the side of Mount Elbert, Colorado.
Altitude 11,000 feet.
This species is unknown to me except from the unique type in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, on which I made the following note
in October, 1902:
Type No. 1412, unique, labeled Colorado; in rubbed condition. Probably a true
Argyresthia, but different from any known to me; forewings, which are much rubbed,
appear to have been uniformly golden fuscous, with strong metallic reflexions.
Closer study of this type is required, but if, as I believe, it belongs to
the present genus, the species should be easily recognized when met
with.
ARGYRESTHIA CONJUGELLA Zeller.
Plate V, fig. 2.
Argyresthia conjugella ZELLER, Isis, 1839, p. 204.—FiLercner, Rept. Entom. Can.
Agricult. Dept., 1896, p. 258; 1897, p. 201; 1898, p. 198.—SrauprNcER and
Reset, Cat. Lep. Eur., 1901, No. 2393.—Lampa, Entom. Tidsek., XX VII,
G0GS peal:
Palpi, face, and head yellowish-white; antenna annulated with dark
brown. Thorax yellowish-white; patagina dark brown. Forewings
dark purplish-brown with dorsal part to tornus white; on the middle
of the dorsal edge is an outwardly oblique blackish-brown streak,
which loses itself in the dark costal part. Costal edge is strigulated
with yellowish white, and shortly before apex is a larger white costal
dash. Apica! cilia blackish-brown; dorsal cilia ocherous fuscous.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07 2
18 PROCE EDI: IGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Hindwings dark fuscous with ooherous-oray F eilia: F orewings with
veins 7 and 8 separate.
Alar expanse.—12-13 mm.
Food plants.—Berries of Sorbus aucuparia (authorex), fruit of apple
(Fletcher, Lampa).
This European insect, whose normal ped plant is mountain ash, has
of late years been anne ed in Canada and Scandinavia to attack culti-
vated apples whenever the normal food supply for any reason has
failed, and it has thereby proved itself avery destructive enemy of the
apple crop of considerable economic importance.
Dr. J. Fletcher first recorded the species and its change of food plant
from British Columbia. One of his specimens determined by Lerd
Walsingham and Mr. Durrant, in 1897, is in U. S. National Museum;
it is labled: Apple-fruit miner, British Columbia, Jan. 2, 1897.
Another specimen from Fieldbrook, California (H. 5. Barber), can
not be distinguished from typical European specimens in the Mbeioenrtig
collection.
PLO: Lampa has recently (see reference above) given a very
excellent review of this insect with an account of his own careful
observations on its habits on Sorbus and on apple; it is illustrated by
a fine colored plate.
ARGYRESTHIA BELANGERELLA Chambers.
Plate V, fig. 3.
Argyresthia Os CuHaAmbers, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 145; Bull. U.S. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 180. 8 | 22 BB)" VE eels |) aK) DSi late 1829) 1405) 18.7
SHO) LEON KO} a Bins pills ee ee ee PP Bate Mealeearsy\) a era SA | ayes I tee 0) TAT Sa ated
Maran AO BVA See epee econo ae a Bi) |) SY) ASE) I GEO FnOsslal Oxon Seah laa 8
{Halt ins Soop oosdee eobcanaane. SNEaS omer Wee Dele 22 | 17.5 | 10.2 | 8 10 HASH 748.9 | 145.5a | 29
Berbice, British Guiana ..............- Di WD} WT LO SIDA LOMA EGy ESe2* 297 || lo 9
| ~ | |
Ciudad Bolivar and Maripa, Venezuela AO PALS aly) Pe Ae Clerd) ili etait) a2 | 8 14584) 822
Minea and Bonda, Colombia.......... 9 | 22 17 9287) 7.6) 10 5.1 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 15 8.2
Paramba and San Javier, Ecuador.... 10 22 aoa O) Se LORS aING: 8.5/9.5 |14.5] 8
| |
aAs defined by Thomas.
HEMIDERMA PERSPICILLATUM AZTECUM (Saussure).
Carollia azteca SAUssuRE, Rey. et Mag. Zool., 2me ser., XII, 1860, p. 480, pi. lle o |
Bi | | B | © as 1) ees
vo | ° - rm |e one 3 °
g ; i a 3 3 o | 2 °
ate a il =| 13} SAAD ri) 4 folen! i +
mS | tet a ||, 4 =] > 48 mn | B 84] 4 Ey || Gok ay,
Bel |S | #18 | 28) 2 jas) Be | ge ise
Locality. 4S aH D Se haeeser || co we) eS hey Sie
tC 9 ms te et — 15 HS | 5) Ag iso
2 GE | ce 2 SN al) See eh Pees es S|) Aah a=
Diet |) ee | ea al ees | Se Ne Benet tee eet nestle
aleh)) x re fel ees {NaS |) Shor | edeee 7 Wu)
3 — = 3} 3 r +. qd
el) SS | edie) | Sa ee NO ieee ea nia
in HH Gs] Ss sy HH q o o fo) pee
|A id) [aa] oy | & ie) HH Ay | j=) | oO Gq
ESET = || = = = ——= | SS |S ha ara as
Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico......- seea) | EE | aI) a1), | 8525) 1058)|-48) |18.2" || 2912 | 16. 2s a9
Rio Tesechoacan, Vera Cruz .........| 6 | 24 |...... 10 8.2 | 10.5 | 6 8.5] 9.8] 15.8) 9
@ostawRicaes: ssh s2e ences seee ener 2 | 23.5 | 19 11 8 10.8 | 6 S22 S49. Abe eeealeaes
YohaltunCampechessesss.--s4-- se 2 | 24.2) 19.5 | 10.2 ) 8.5) I H#OF| 8.0) |) L085) 15:75) 00)
Colon Panamateessceces eee serene 3. | 22.3 | 18 LOR 88 LOPS ANG: 8.2 | Qual Serre Paes
Boqueronybanamasessse- see sere CS} 4) Baltes alerts |} U0), hts} TOMS! D:5)) 8 |) “S28 Mos2 Said
Panama Raman alesse sere aeer eae 1 |) DRG) nets | See | 8 10 5.8 | oy pals) 8.3
|
HEMIDERMA SUBRUFUM Hahn.
Hemiderma subrufum Haun, Proce. Biol. Soc. Wash., X VIII, Dec. 9, 1905, p. 247.
Type-locality.—Santa Ifigenia, near the west coast of Oaxaca,
Mexico. (Type-specimen, skin and skull, Cat. No. 75, 127, U.S.N.M.,
Biological Survey Collection. )
Geographic distribution.—Southern Mexico. Limits of distribu-
tion not known.
Characters.—Size intermediate between Hemiderma perspicillatum
and /7. castaneum (forearm about 39 mm.); skull small and short
(about 21) with a high, strongly arched brain-case; maxillary tooth-
rows with an angular curve between the premolars so that.they are
strongly divergent posteriorly; second premolar with a distinct pos-
terior process.
Pelage.—The fur is short and sparse and rather coarse. ‘‘ Ten
skins from the type locality are uniformly of a dark reddish-brown
color above. The individual hairs are banded as follows: A very
short (not over $ mm.) basal area whitish; next a wider band of dark
(near the clove brown of Ridgway) which is followed by another and
wider band of buflish white; succeeding this is the somewhat narrower
band of reddish prout’s brown which gives to the animal its character-
istic color; hairs minutely tipped with whitish. Underparts similar,
but the bands of color less sharply marked off, the dark bands being
reduced and the pale areas suffused, making the general color paler
and duller.” Specimens from near Yohaltun, Campeche, are slightly
darker, while some from Achotal, Vera Cruz, in the collection of the
Field Columbian Museum are more pallid, due to the fact that the
central pale band of the hairs is wider and the outer band of prout’s
brown less reddish. The forearm is densely furred at the base, the
hairs becoming shorter and more scattered distally, but the fur is
more dense on the distal half than in persp/etllatum or aztecum. Tibia
sparsely covered with short hairs.
No. 1514. REVIEW OF THE BAT GENUS HEMIDERMA—HAHN. 115
Membranes. —The membranes are thinner and more brownish than
perspicillatum, wing membranes usually from distal end of tibia
slightly above the level of the calcar, the position of attachment vary-
ing somewhat. Calcar weak.
Ears and tragus.—Kars narrow and pointed, the edges compara-
tively straight. Tragus variable, essentially as in perspicillatum.
Nose-leaf.—Nose-leaf narrow and thin, tapering gradually to the tip.
Skull and teeth.—Skull small, with a high, strongly rounded brain,
case and short, broad rostrum; palate wide posteriorly, narrowed
anteriorly. Teeth small, the canines and premolars being especially
reduced; longitudinal axis of the second premolar not in a plane
parallel to that of the first premolar and canine, but with the anterior
edge turned in so that there is a distinct angle in the line of the tooth
row at that point; second premolar with a distinct posterior process
or heel; internal cusp of first molar relatively large. Mandibles and
mandibular teeth small and weak; the lower edge of the mandibles
without a distinct downward curve at the symphysis; coronoid process
only slightly anterior to condylar process.
Specimens excamined.—Total number 55, from the following localities,
all in Mexico:
Colima: Hidalgo Magdalena, 7.
Oaxaca: Santa Ifigenia, 20.
Vera Cruz: Otatitlan, 1; Minatitlan, 1; Coatzacoalcos, 1; Mirador, 2.
Campeche: Apazote, near Yohaltun, 21.
Yucatan: Merida, 1.
Honduras: Patuca River, 1.
Remarks.—Hemiderma subrufum is in a way intermediate between
H. perspicilatum and its subspecies, aztecum on the one hand and
IT. castaneum on the other, though apparently not intergrading with
either. From the former it differs in its smaller size and lighter den-
tition and smaller and differently shaped skull; castanewm, on the
other hand, is much smaller and has the cranial and dental peculiarities
of subrufum carried to the extreme.
Table of average skin measurements, in millimeters, of Hemiderma subrufum.
= a | 1 = 7 he . a 75 5 71 7% 1
n \) =
He rsh |
Jag 5) | .
Se | a | 8 | &| 3
Locality. Ba| 8 [Pee coe a Sel ccs lit ae | ‘3
ce SOME sl WTSI | eee | = Wg aS lla | RES wr= se i
log| a S | S uc) Le} a} hae S| | ¢
al = oO Ppt Oo i 4 Lo | Cael ‘=| 5 o
Open esata | mln Verena MEN 2a all ec asl etalk
Zz aS = ey a = Fa oa a BR |Z
= ee | a |e a |e ——
Santa Ifigenia, Oaxaca......- 8 | 12.1 7.1 | 16.7 | 39 36.7 | 86 60 60 | 18.7 | 17.7 8
Hidalgo Magdalena, Colima.| 7 | 12.4) 6.9 | 17 39.9 | 34.9 ll |) bay/ 58 | 12.4 | 16.5 7
Apazote, Campeche.......--- | a4 | 12 Tho 4) UB Biche NEBr ale ae ae isosceles 13 16.2 7
Patuca River, Honduras..... 1 | 18 7 17 39 | 38 88 62 62 | 15 17 8
|
=
a Measurements from dried skins.
116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Table of average cranial measurements, in millimeters, of Hemiderma subrufum.
- ron es ee ee a
4 fe ° - | @ g = Gq
rS) co | . ~
© : us > | ‘s | = i) & iS)
a = 5 = || cotchy || hs IS eal eels lee g
ol Bot) 2 | he Oat aman iber ee hese lercall eee
oe |g oe eS ore Wars | Acie iaenll see
Locality. o | 2 3 mi me | 2g $ 3 28 q oa s iS
HE | » col el aoe |e 2 On| co SOUlieaie
Oi 4 S| 8 ne H —=6/°f°9g/S4|2
2 8 3S ma Wes | SA Oo | eo ea |e 2
g 3 me = |e 3 Fas Beals iS
Lz D R = a ) m) L a =| a)
Hes |) CH oS eS H = fo) ) A s&s
A | —Q a |A oO a | a Oo A
esas 2 ees = al el alien ee octal Rees
Hidalgo Magdalena, Colima.....-- AE IE PALI | alg 9 a 1G) a2 | LO A Dons ree Sa) tOu2 ae meter
Santa Ifigenia, Oaxaca ..........-.. ON E2ONS a GS. ee Osoe ind UO Nh te) RES efatsh || ale! 8
Yohaltun, Campeche.............. Dal eA leae eld ee|PLON || exdeu el ORR eeosiomians OF alas eas
Patuca River, Honduras........... a | Py Me) Sw eh palsy Ge Cle el eee | Laven
| | |
HEMIDERMA CASTANEUM (H. Allen).
Carollia castanea H. ALLEN, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., XX VIII, 1890, p. 19, read
Dec. 6, 1889, printed Feb. 25, 1890, fig.—; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1895,
p. 292, Nov. 15.
Hemiderma castaneum TROUESSART, Cat. Mamm., 1897, p. 157.—MiLLer and REean,
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXX, 1901, p. 233.—Exutor, Field Col. Mus.
Pub., Zool., 4th Ser., p. 670; VI, p. 516.
12914
36384"
U.S.N.M., male adult preserved in alcohol, with skull removed).
Geographic distribution.—Known only from the type-locality.
Characters.—The smallest species of the genus (forearm, 35 mm.);
skull short (about 20), relatively broad, and lightly built, zygomatic
processes of the maxillary long and slender; teeth small, the outer
edge of the last upper premolar on a line with the internal cusp of the
first molar.
Fur and color.—Doctor Allen says in the original description: ** Fur
long and silky. Above, lustrous light chestnut brown at basal one-
half and at the tip. The intervening portion is yellow brown (old
gold). Below the same colors prevail, excepting that over the abdo-
men and pubis the brownish tip is absent and the body of the hair is
not golden.” Since this was written the skin has been immersed in
strong alcohol for sixteen years and the bands of color are no longer
distinct, but the rich golden chestnut tinge is still evident. This
is probably an individual character, however, as it can be almost
exactly matched in specimens of aztecum from Vera Cruz which differ
from it very markedly in size and cranial and other characteristics.
The distribution of the fur upon the limbs and membranes can not be
determined, as they have been rubbed, but there is still a little fur at
the base of the thumb and on the toes; interfemoral membrane well
furred above on the basal half. -
Membranes. —Membranes, brownish; the wing membrane arising
from the distal end of the tibia, the interfemoral membrane from the
tarsus about | mm. lower. Doctor Allen states that the interfemoral
Type -locality. —Costa Rica (Type-specimen, Cat. No.
not now be definitely determined, but I strongly suspect that it is
incised as in other members of the genus and that its stretched condi-
tion (which enables one to draw the hinder edge out straight) caused
Doctor Allen to err. Calcar very slender and weak.
tars and tragus.—Kar deeply emarginate on outer border;” inner
border not as convex as in other species and tip blunt. The tragus is
triangular in outline, with the glandular swelling of the inner edge
less evident than in any of the other species; outer edge notched as in
other forms except that there is no ‘‘shoulder” near the tip, while
there is such a one near the tip on the inner side, something I have
not seen in any other specimen that I have examined.
Nose-leat.—The nose-leaf is long and slender, brown in color except
at the tip and the upper margin, which are pale (possibly from being
rubbed).
The chin has been described and figured as having warts arranged
in the usual way, but it has now been so stretched and rubbed that
they can not be distinguished.
Skull and teeth.—Skull short and relatively broad; brain-case low
and widely arched; audital bulle small; zygomatic processes of the
maxillary long and slender. Teeth essentially as in //. suhrufum in
structure, but all of them smaller and their arrangement somewhat
different; lines drawn along the outer edges of the canine and premo-
lars of the two sides of the upper jaw would be about parallel and
would cut off the inner cusp of the first molar; the outer edge of the
first upper molar projecting considerably beyond the outer edge of
the last premolar so that there is a sudden break in the line of the
tooth-row; a space between the first and second premolars of both
jaws. Other jaw teeth all close together.
Remarks.— Hemiderma castaneum is the most aberrant form of the
genus, differing from all the other known forms in its small size and
slender build, in the form of the ears and of the maxillary tooth-row,
and in the long, slender zygomatic process. The type is a young
adult male with unworn molars, but it is much smaller than specimens
of other species which are far more immature.
Mr. Outram Bangs has recorded the species from Panama,’ but the
specimens, which are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam-
bridge, prove to have been erroneously identified and the type remains
unique.
«One ear has been stretched out smooth and when opened backward and laid on
the head it appears to be very slightly emarginate; the other is contracted by a num-
ber of oblique and transverse ridges radiating from a point about 10 mm. below the
tip, which contract the outer edge at that point to form a deep notch. This wrinkled
condition appears to have been the normal one during life.
> Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XLVI, p. 218, Jan., 1906.
118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Measurements of the type: Hind foot, 11 mm.; calear, 6; tibia, 14;
forearm, 35; third metacarpal, 34; third finger, 82; fourth finger, 58;
fifth finger, 57; thumb, 12; ear, 14; nose-leaf, 6. Cranial measure-
ments of type: Greatest length, 20; basilar length, 16; palatilar
length, 8; maxillary tooth-row, 6.5; greatest breadth of brain-case, 9:
interorbital breadth, 5; depth of brain-case from condyle, 8; condylo-
mandibular length, 13; mandibular tooth-row, 7.
TWO NEW LAND SHELLS FROM MEXICO.
By Pauxt Bartscu,
Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, U.S. National Museum.
Among a consignment of Mexican mollusks transmitted to the
United States National Museum by Prof. A. L. Herrera for determina-
tion, there are two forms of Drymeus, which have not been previously
noted. These are here described and figured.
DRYMAUS HERRERA, new species.
Shell ovate, conic, thin, translucent, maize-yellow with a little
darker colored apex. Nepionic turns two, moderately rounded, hav-
ing the typical grated sculpture. Succeeding whorls moderately
rounded, marked on the spire and base by strong,
longitudinal wrinkles, which are little wider than
the spaces that separate them. The entire surface
is also crossed by numerous very fine, closely, and
subequally spaced spiral striations, which are a
little more strongly developed about the umbilical
area of the base than near the summit of the turns.
Sutures strongly impressed, rendered subserrulate
by the wrinkles on the summit of the whorls. Base
narrowly perforate, the umbilicus being partly con-
cealed by the white, straight columella, which is
broadly expanded and _ reflected at the base. Aper-
ture decidedly oblique, oval, outer lip thin, semi-
transparent.
Four specimens of this species were collected by Prof. H. L. Herrera
at Bonanza Zimapan, Hidalgo, Mexico. The type and one additional
specimen form Cat. No. 192992, U.S.N.M. The type has six and one-
eighth whorls and measures: Altitude, 20 mm.; greater diameter, 10
mm.; lesser diameter, 9 mm.; length of aperture, 10.3 mm. Another
specimen has six and one-fifth whorls and measures: Altitude, 21.3 mm.
An immature individual shows a faint angulation at the periphery.
FIG. 1.—DRYMZUS
HERRER.
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXXII—No. 1515.
119
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII,
DRYMA2US HERRER& VERACRUZENSIS, new subspecies.
Shell like ). herrere but a trifle stouter and stronger, marked by
three dark brown spiral color bands, of which the posterior two show
Fic, 2.—DRYM#US HER-
RER-E VERACRUZENSIS.
strongly upon the spire of the last three whorls;
on the earlier whorls they are marked very faintly
only. The upper band is the narrowest, and girds
the whorls a little posterior to the middle between
the sutures. The middle one is the broadest; it
is situated immediately above the periphery, being
completely. exposed above the suture; the basal
one, which is about half as wide as the peripheral
band, encircles the base a little posterior to its
middle. The white columella is strong, straight,
and broadly expanded and reflected at base.
The type has six and one-eighth whorls and
measures: Altitude, 23 mm.; greater diameter,
11.5 mm.; lesser diameter, 10 mm.; aperture alti-
tude, 12.8 mm. The type was collected by Prof.
H. L. Herrera at Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico, and is entered as Cat.
No. 192993, U.S.N.M.
REPORT ON THE MOSQUITOES OF THE COAST REGION OF
CALIFORNIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
By Harrison G. Dyar.
Acting Assistant Curator, Division of Insects, U.S. National Museum.
The writer visited California to make collections for the United States
National Museum with the idea that there were but few species of mos-
quitoes to be found there, and those mostly well known. The larve of
a few were desired, and these it was hoped to find. Most of the time,
May 8 to July 21, was spent in the vicinity of Los Angeles, after the
seasonal rains were over. The country soon became very dry, but it was
evident that few of the species, so characteristic of the temporary pools
in the East, exist on the coast of California, except those supplied by
the periodical high tides, so that there was little loss on this account.
Practically all the species belong to the group inhabiting permanent
water, something of a paradox for an arid country that is supposed to
have no permanent water, and where all the streams go dry. The
condition is that temporary water is so exceedingly temporary that no
larvee can exist in it; all the water that gathers belongs to the per-
manent type, in lakes, marshes, pools in river beds, well holes, and
barrels.
Kighteen species were met with in the coast region from San Diego
to Eureka. The mountains were not explored. They should yield a
different set of species, probably some of the temporary pool species
that breed in snow water. I was told that mosquitoes were abundant
and troublesome this season in the Yosemite Valley, but had no oppor-
tunity to investigate them.
ANOPHELES MACULIPENNIS Meigen./@
The ‘‘malarial mosquito” was not uncommon in marshes, though
none were seen in town. Specimens were taken at Tia Juana, Mexico,
Gardena, Sweetwater Junction, Laguna, San Onofre, Salinas, Guada-
loupe, Eureka, Sisson, and Thrall, California, mostly as larvee in per-
manent water.
“This name will have to be changed. Ina paper with Mr. Knab I have shown the
corrected nomenclature. The California form is Anopheles occidentalis Dyar and
Knab.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XX XII—No. 1516.
121
122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
ANOPHELES PUNCTIPENNIS Say.
Not nearly as common as the preceding, the conditions obtaining on
the Atlantic coast being reversed here. In fact I am not certain that
the species occurs in Southern California, the only record being a
single damaged male, bred from a larva at Sweetwater Junction near
San Diego. The other specimens of the species were obtained farther
north, Chico, California; Portland, Oregon; Nanaimo, Duncans, and
Wellington, British Columbia. Miss McCracken obtained the species,
rather plentifully, near San Francisco several years ago.
ANOPHELES FRANCISCANUS McCracken.
The species occurred less abundantly than maculipennis in the same
locations; bred specimens were obtained from Tia Juana, Mexico;
Clearwater, near Santa Ana, and Sweetwater Junction, near San
Diego. Miss McCracken described the species from Palo Alto.
PSOROPHORA CILIATA Fabricus.
A specimen is in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, taken
by Mr. D. W. Coquillett in Los Angeles. I did not meet with the
species, and it is quite likely that the remarkable growth of the city
has destroyed the breeding places since the time that Mr. Coquillett
collected there. The breeding places are temporary puddles occurring
after rain, when filled by other mosquito larve. Such puddles prob-
ably occur in California, though I did not encounter any. They must
be rare, as evidenced by the scarcity of the species breeding in them.
The larvee of Psorophora ciliata usually feed upon Janthinosoma larvee,
but as these do not occur in California they must live on Aedes sylves-
tris. ‘The same conditions obtain in Massachusetts and northern New
York, where Psorophora ciliata exceeds the range of Janthinosoma,
and doubtless there also Aedes sylvestris is the victim.
CULISETA INCIDENS Thomson.
Common, the larvee occurring in rain barrels, reservoirs, ete., as
well as little pools by the streams. They were never in large numbers.
The species occurred everywhere up the coast, being, if anything,
more abundant in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Cali-
fornian localities are: Pasadena, larve in a water box in the arroyo
and ina pond in a lawn; Los Angeles, in water in acellar; San Diego,
in a road puddle fed by a leak in a water pipe and in an old water vat
on a wharf; Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, in a rain-water barrel;
San Luis Obispo, in an old tin can; San Francisco, in water in a cellar
in the burnt district; Eureka, in various barrels; Dunsmuir, in pools
by the railroad track; Sisson, in the still edge of a ditch of cold water
flowing rapidly.
a i el NE a ls
ee ae ee
No. 1516. MOSQUITOES FROM COAST OF CALIFORNIA —DYAR. 128
CULISETA INORNATUS Williston.
This species has been going under the name of consobrinus, but I
am unable to agree with this identification of Robineau-Desvoidy’s
name, and use Williston’s instead. The species was scarce, but was
bred from larve at Laguna, Eureka, and Sisson, California, and com-
monly at Klamath Falls, Oregon. At the latter place pairs were
observed 77 covtu, resting on the underside of some boards over water.
They were captured and did not separate even in the cyanide bottle.
CULISETA MACCRACKEN 4 Dyar and Knab.
This species has been taken at San Francisco (Miss McCracken)
and Eureka (H. 8. Barber), but I was not so fortunate as to meet with
it. The larva is unknown to me. It is the species formerly identified
with the European annulatus Meigen.
CULEX TARSALIS Coquillett.
A common species, but not troublesome, as the adults never bite by
day and are sluggish in their attack even at night. Moreover, the
species does not breed in water receptacles near dwellings, such as
‘ain barrels. Larvee occurred in marshes and puddles, in river beds,
and even in grass in the edges of lakes. Brackish water, when stand-
ing permanently near the sea, was also a breeding place. The species
extends to the north through Oregon, Washington, and British
Columbia, as well as east to the Mississippi Valley.
CULEX STIGMATOSOMA, new species.
Head with black and golden scales behind, side of occiput pale gray;
eyes narrowly white behind; proboscis black with a white band a little
beyond the middle; palpi and antenne black. Thorax bronzy brown
with longitudinal striation, a round whitish spot on each side at the
middle, from which an obsolete pale stripe runs backward; sides
sparsely pale yellowish scaled, the integument greenish at the bases of
the legs. Legs black, the femora whitish below, no white lines above;
tibize black with a small white apex and a long whitish line within;
tarsi black, a white ring at base and apex of each joint, including the
terminal joint. Abdomen black, with broad white bands on the bases
of the segments above, whitish scaled below with a row of median
segmentary round diffuse black spots. Wing scales narrow, entirely
black, not forming spots.
Three hundred and twenty-two specimens, Pasadena, California,
larve in a pond in a lawn; Laguna, larve in a well hole by the edge
of a lake; San Diego, in an old water vat on a wharf; Sweetwater
Junction, in pools in a stream bed; San Luis Obispo, in a pool ina
rocky canyon (A. N. Caudell); Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, in a rain-
194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXI1.
water barrel; Chico, in a horse trough (A. N. Caudell); Plant Intro-
duction Garden, near Chico, in a barrel in a small stream; Klamath
Falls, Oregon, a captured specimen.
Type. ‘
Cat. No. 10008, U.S.N.M.
The larva falls in the table“ with pipiens and cubensis; it has the
tube five times as long as wide, somewhat fusiform in shape, the pecten
with about 11 teeth; lateral hairs of the third and fourth abdominal
segments in threes.
This species has, no doubt, been confounded with tarsal7s Coquillett,
but it differs conspicuously in the coloration of the underside of the
abdomen, which has only a row of round black spots, while in farsalis
there is a series of doubly bent transverse bars.
CULEX ERYTHROTHORAX, new species.
Head golden, reddish scaled behind, the eyes with a narrow white
border; proboscis blackish; palpi red brown; antenne black. Thorax
light red, the scales fine, golden brown, striped by two impressed dis-
colorous areas in the membrane; sides light golden scaled; legs
blackish, the femora and tibiz broadly pale below, unbanded. Abdo-
men black above, mixed with pale ocherous scales, the bases of the
segments with rather narrow pale ocherous bands mixed with a few
dark scales; beneath with pale ocherous scales and golden hairs.
Eighty specimens, Nigger Slough, Gardena; slough at San Onofre;
Sweetwater Junction, swamp full of reeds; Guadaloupe, slough covered
with reeds (A. N. Caudell); Salinas, California, a pool in a river bed
choked with vegetation.
Type.—Cat. No. 10009, U.S.N.M.
The adults could only be taken in the midst of the tall reeds that
covered shallow sloughs by wading into the water. A person sitting
on the bank was immune from their attacks, but among the reeds they
bit viciously in the daytime. The larve occurred among the reeds,
resting quietly at the surface in the Lemna, though fish were present
in all the sloughs. Culex tarsalis and Anopheles were generally pre-
sent also, the mass of vegetation doubtless shielding them from the fish.
CULEX CUBENSIS Bigot.
This common house mosquito occurred in the South, but soon became
scarce and finally absent northward. The localities are: San Diego,
larve in an old water vat on the wharf; National City, in a rain bar-
rel; Sweetwater Junction, in pools in a stream bed; Indio, in a water
barrel and a drain, the adults common and a nuisance at night (A. N.
Caudell); Coachella, in a pond; Laguna, in a well-hole by a lake;
@Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1906, p. 206.
No. 1516. MOSQUITOES FROM COAST OF CALIFORNIA—DYAR. 125
Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, in a rain-water barrel; Los Angeles,
in water in a cellar; San Luis Obispo, in an old tin can. No speei-
mens were taken any farther north.
CULEX TERRITANS Walker.
The larvee occurred sparingly in permanent water, when clear and
cold; no adults were taken except those bred; Pasadena, in a wooden
water box in the arroyo, at Devil’s Gate; in a large clear pool behind
a clay dam in the arroyo at the Ostrich Farm; Sisson, in a springy,
grassy meadow and in roadside puddles.
AEDES VARIPALPUS Cogquillett.
The larvee occurred in holes in live-oak trees in the arroyo at Pasa-
dena. Farther north, where the oak does not grow, the species seems
addicted to the alder; the conifers do not form holes suitable for the
larve to breed in. Adults were taken at Dunsmuir, California; Ash-
ford, Oregon; Seattle, Washington; Vancouver, Victoria, Nanaimo,
and Wellington, British Columbia. Unlike any other North Ameri-
can species (except Stegomyia culopus Meigen), the males are attracted
to the person as well as the females. While they can not bite, they
occasionally alight, and several were so taken, supposed at first to be
females about to bite. While sitting in the woods near Victoria,
British Columbia, the writer observed a small swarm of males which
gathered before him and continued to dance, one occasionally alight-
ing for an instant, as long as he remained there. During this time
two females came to bite and each was immediately seized by a male,
the pair flying off in a downward direction in copulation, which lasted
apparently but a few seconds.
AEDES SPENCERI Theobald.
Recorded from California by Miss Ludlow.“ ‘The species ranges
with currze? in the North and should occur in California. I have not
taken any specimens. The larva has never been found.
AEDES SYLVESTRIS Theobald.
Quayle gives this as occurring in California,’ and no doubt with cor-
rectness, as it is known to me from Arizona. It is probably the species
that forms the prey of Psorophora ciliata as larvee.
4 Medical Record, Jan. 30, 1906.
6 Bull. 178, Agr. Exp. Sta., Univ. of Calif., 1906, pp. 52, 55.
126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
AEDES VITTATUS Theobald.
Specimens so labeled by Mr. Coquillett have been taken at Eureka and
Fieldbrook by Mr. H. 8. Barber, May 22 to June 6, and one at Pacific
Grove by Miss McCracken, July 2. Mr. Theobald described w7ttata
from Pecos Canyon, New Mexico. We have three specimens from
that place, sent by Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, two of which are sylvestris,
but the third appears to be Theobald’s recent species. It agrees with
his description except that the subcostal and first long veins are rather
feebly white scaled. This character varies a good deal, and I am
inclined to accept the identification. Mr. Barber, fortunately, took a
male at Eureka, the hind tarsal claws of which are uniserrated as
described by Theobald. The genitalia agree with those of abfitchii
Felt.“ No larvee have been obtained in California, but the species was
bred by me at Kaslo, British Columbia, and the larve agree with those
of abjitchii. Abfitchii Felt, then, will be referred as a synonym of
vittata Theobald, and the larva which has been attributed to vittata
by Theobald will best be placed under Culiseta tncidens Thomson.
Everything points to this as an error of association.’ The larve were
collected by Messrs. Grabham and Cockerell in the latter part of June,
a time when the larvee of w7ttata (abpitchi7) would have all disappeared.
C. incidens, however, would then be flourishing and it might have
been met with in any barrel or pool. /neidens is recorded in Mr.
Theobald’s paper, but there is no mention of the larva. The only
other larva mentioned is that of Culex tarsalis (kelloggii), which is
also a Summer species, occurring with ¢xczdens. These two larvee are
the ones always met with through the West, and are certainly the ones
encountered by Messrs. Grabham and Cockerell, who, through some
error, have attributed the ¢ncidens larve to the new species, vttata
Theobald.
AEDES SQUAMIGER Coguillett.
This curious species lives in the salt marshes, in water left by the
highest tides. Adults were taken at National City and Redondo
Beach, and larve were twice obtained at the former place. It has
also been taken around San Francisco Bay (McCracken; Quayle),
but has not been observed farther north. Although the adult is so
different from guaylei Dyar and Knab, the larva is almost identical,
aDyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIII, 1905, p. 186; Felt, Bull. 97, N. Y. Sta. Mus.,
1905; ple rxytio a1
bSee Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XII, 1904, p. 173; Dyar and Knab, Journ. N. Y.
Ent. Soc., XIV, 1906, pp. 193, 203.
No. 1516. MOSQUITOES FROM COAST OF CALIFORNIA—DYAR. 12
| sy
the two falling together in the table“. However, sguamiger has
multiple head hairs, while they are simple in guayle7, and there are
some other differences in detail.
AEDES DAMNOSUS Say.
Larve were taken on the salt marsh at San Diego at the time sguamiger
was flying. Again, when sgwamiger was in larva, the damnosus were
on the wing, their hatching and development following more imme-
diately the inundation of the upper reaches of the marsh by the
monthly tides than in the case of sguam/ger. I found the larvee again
at Carpinteria, near Santa Barbara, having just hatched in a high
tide that filled the marsh. The species was not seen farther north,
being replaced by guayle?. The habits of the larvee differ somewhat
from the damnosus of the Atlantic coast. There they inhabit pools
removed from the immediate action of the tides, often largely or
wholly fresh, though near the sea. In California they frequented the
immediate tide water and developed faster than the other associated
species. The difference may be due to climatic causes, as there are
no partly or wholly fresh pools in California, all the water on the
marsh coming from the sea, except the river channels, which are unfit
for breeding.
AEDES QUAYLEI Dyar and Knab (/ativittatus Coquilfett).
The salt marsh species of the Pacific coast was not encountered
south of San Francisco Bay. It was common in all suitable places
farther north. These places are rather widely separated, as most of
the coast is steep or rocky and forms no tide-water marshes. Larvee
were found in tide-water pools at Eureka, California, and Tacoma,
Washington. The adults were taken also at West Seattle, Washing-
ton; Stanley Park, Vancouver, and Duncans, British Columbia. The
dorsal thoracic band of dark brown is usually broad, but varies, in
one specimen from the salt marsh being very narrow. This species is
far less troublesome than its Atlantic representative, Aedes sollicitans
Walker, although perhaps the most annoying of the California mos-
quitoes in the daytime. In Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Colum-
bia, the species was really a nuisance in a limited area, though the
adults had probably not flown over a mile from their breeding place
at most. Miss Ludlow’s record of the European dorsalis trom Cali-
fornia” probably refers to this species or to curried. It is not prob-
able that any European mosquito occurs in North America, except the
domesticated Culex pipiens and perhaps the malarial Anopheles.
@Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1906, p. 191. Larvee collected by Mr. Quayle and
sent to Professor Smith and to me were invariably determined as curriet (quayle’),
as we all supposed squamiger should have a very distinct larva. See Grossbeck, Can.
Ent., XX XVIII, 1906, p. 129.
> Medical Record, Jan. 20, 1906.
128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
AEDES CURRIEI Coquillett.
Adults which appear referable to this species were taken at Thrall,
California, and Klamath Falls, Oregon. They are inseparable from
quayled by the dorsal marking of the thorax, as in one specimen the
stripe is as broad as in the usual guayle7, in another narrow. There
are, however, less black scales on the wings in these currzed, and I am
reluctant to believe that they can be the same species as the salt marsh
form. The larvee, unfortunately, were not found, but we have them
from Grand Junction, Colorado, collected by Mr. E. P. Taylor, and
from Ithaca, New York, collected by Mr. O. A. Johannsen. These
larve differ from guayle¢ in the structure of the comb, the scales of
which end in a single stout spine. It is probable that the Californian
ones will be found to have the same structure and thus be distinguish-
able from both guayled and squamiger. The larve appear to come
early, perhaps in the first temporary pools, and have but a single
annual brood. The species was apparently absent from southern
California and the coast region.
STEGOMYIA CALOPUS Meigen.
Mr. Knab tells me that he has seen a reference to the ‘* yellow fever
mosquito ” as occurring on the coast of California. It is certainly not
a native of the State. I did not meet with it even in the wharf vats at
San Diego, which would seem the most likely place.
MANSONIA SIGNIFER Coquillett.
This has been recorded from California by Miss Ludlow. I have
not seen any specimens. The larve are well known inhabitants of
hollow trees, but our other records do not carry the species west of
Missouri.
URANOTAENIA ANHYDOR, new species.
A single larva was collected in a swamp full of reeds at Sweetwater
Junction, near San Diego, which died before reaching home. Mr.
Caudell and I made a special trip to the swamp later to get more larvee,
but it had gone dry, leaving little puddles of dying fish and a great
quantity of Anoy heles larve, all of which no doubt died within twenty-
four hours.
Larva.—Head rounded, scarcely longer than wide, neck circular,
the occiput oblique, roundedly angled at the side, then nearly straight,
the front margin broadly, squarely truncate; labrum deeply excavate
each side of the middle, forming a triangular horn-like prominence
in the middle and one on each side, midway between the central one
and the antenne. Eyes large, semicircular, transverse; two approx-
imate multiple hair tufts above and within the eye, another on
ee
No. 1507. MOSQUITOES FROM COAST OF CALIFORNIA—D YAR. 129
the lower part of the front on each side; a large multiple tuft about
base of antenne. No trace of the usual thick, club-like hairs; if
they are broken, the insertions are not visible. Antenne small, not
exceeding the mouth brush, conically tapered on basal two-thirds,
a few spines within, a single hair at about the basal third; four
terminal digits, all long and pointed, nearly equal. Deep brown,
nearly black, lighter at the margins of the eyes. Thorax nearly cir-
cular in outline, flattened; a minute double prothoracic subdorsal tuft,
a larger lateral 2-haired tuft froma tubercle and a subventral tuft;
mesothorax with a minute multiple subdorsal tuft in the disk, a large
lateral one from a small, thorn-shaped tubercle and a large subventral
tuft; metathorax with the subdorsal tuft many-haired and long but
very fine, lateral tuft with four feathered hairs and a simple one from
a thorn-like tubercle. Abdomen submoniliform, rather slender; a
single long lateral hair on the first seement, two on the second, from
large tubercles, the subdorsal hairs fine and stellate; on segments 3 to
8, the hairs are fine, in substellate bunches, but long, as long or longer
than the diameter of the body, both subdorsal and lateral. Lateral
comb of the 8th segment an irregularly quadrangular plate, reaching
near the dorsal line, the nine short teeth set on its posterior edge on
the lower two-thirds, thorn shaped, with fine lateral feathering; a
single hair and two tufts behind the plate, the upper with a large
tubercle. Air tube straight and not tapered, four times as long as °
wide, light brown, with a narrow black basal ring; a single tuft
slightly before the middle, from a raised tubercle, just beyond the
pecten, which has 16 teeth, broad, finely feathered, pallid. Anal seg-
ment ringed by the plate, about as long as wide, the chitinous ring
excavated below to admit the short ventral brush; the brush has few
tufts and is surrounded by a narrow chitinous band which joins the
ring on the ventral line; a fringe of fine spines on the posterior edge
of the plate. Dorsal tuft, a group of long hairs on each side. Anal
gills small, slender, about as long as the segment, apparently four in
number.
Type.—Cat. No. 10010, U.S.N.M.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07——9
NOTE ON OTOHIME, A NEW GENUS OF GURNARDS.
By Davip Starr JorpAN and Epwin CHAPIN STARKS,
Of Stanford University, California.
The species of gurnard described by Schlegel as 7riqgla hemisticta
may be considered as the type of a new genus, Ofohiime, distinguished
from Chelidonichthys (“pictipinnis,” kumu, hirundo) especially by
the absence of the dorsal armature characteristic of Chelidonichthys.
The scales are very small, the lateral line unarmed, and there are no
sharp-edged bony spines along the base of the dorsal fins. In place
of these there are about three flattish bucklers along each side of the
base of the spinous dorsal, and one buckler luyate in form across the
median line in front of the first spine. The dorsal spines are strong,
and the soft dorsal and anal are much shorter than in Chelidonichthys.
The opercle ends in a very long spine. Vomer with few teeth; none
on the palatines. The single known species Otohime hemisticta is
rare in Japan, only one specimen having been seen by us.
Otohime in Japanese mythology is a goddess of fishes.
The genera of Triglidz may be thus compared:
KEY TO GENERA.
a. Scales relatively large; teeth on yomer and none on palatines; a row of spinous
buckters alone base of dorsall.2 22-22% 2. 222.-- Sh ie8 2-22 - Lepidotrigla.
aa. Scales relatively small.
b. Palatines without teeth.
c. Lateral line armed with spines or bony cross plates; teeth on vomer... Trigla.
ce. Lateral line unarmed. F
d. Base of both dorsals with a series of shields, each ending in a sharp spine
directed backward. Opercular spine small; soft dorsal and anal long.
Dorsal rays, rx-16; anal, 15; no anal spine.--.-.-.---- Ohelidonichthys.
bb. Base of dorsal with blunt shields along base of spinous dorsal only; base of
soft dorsal unarmed; opercular spine very long; soft dorsal and anal
short; dorsal rays viti-10, anal 1, 11; the anal spine distinct- ~~ Otohime.
bb. Palatines with teeth; no spinous plates along dorsal base nor along lateral line.
ae GAC aS UNLOU SHA OMe meee oe a) ses he ee se as ae ee Prionotus.
COMA EIN ATMO MWOVes= ase eo eee eee ee ee ee ccc Colotrigla.
4
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXXII—No. 1517.
132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
OTOHIME HEMISTICTA (Schlegel).
The following are the characters of the type species of Otohime.
Depth at occiput, 45 in length to base of caudal; head (without
opercular or rostral spines) 24. Eye, 3 in head; maxillary, 2. Dorsal,
vit1-10; anal 1, 11; scales, 105.
Anterior profile steep and straight from eyes to tip of snout. Supra-
orbital rim produced; interorbital broad and concave; its width equal
to diameter of orbit.
Maxillary reaching to below middle of eve; mandible slightly curved
up at its tip and shutting entirely within premaxillary teeth; teeth in
very narrow bands, those on lower jaw in a narrower band than on
upper; vomer of the specimen at hand without teeth, but marks on the
bone show their probable former presence. )
12.
as
AC = Ce)
16.
17.
18.
Ife).
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. xxxn.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
[All figures are natural size. ]
PLATE X.
Vivipara angularis Miller, p. 135.
Vivipara angularis philippinensis Nevill, p. 137.
Vivipara angularis burroughiana Lea, p. 136.
Vivipara angularis burroughiana Lea, p. 136.
Vivipara mearnsi misamisensis Bartsch, p. 148.
Vivipara mear:.si Bartsch, p. 142.
Vivipara cumingi (Hanley) Reeve, p. 142.
Vivipara pagodula Bartsch, p. 144.
Vivipara mainitensis Bartsch, p. 148.
Vivipara mainitensis Bartsch, p. 148.
Vivipara mainitensis Bartsch, p. 148.
Vivipara gilliana Bartsch, p. 145.
Puate XI.
Vivipara lanaonis form theta Bartsch, p. 147.
Vivipara lanaonis form beta Bartsch, p. 146.
Vivipara lanaonis form kappa Bartsch, p. 147.
Vivipara lanaonis form gamma Bartsch, p. 146.
Vivipara lanaonis form iota Bartsch, p. 147.
Vivipara lanaonis form lambda Bartsch, p. 147.
Vivipara lanaonis Bartsch, p. 145.
Vivipara lanaonis form alpha Bartsch, p. 146.
Vivipara lanaonis form eta Bartsch, p. 147.
Vivipara lanaonis form delta Bartsch, p. 147.
Vivipara mindanensis Bartsch, p. 139.
Vivipara mindanensis bagangensis Bartsch, p. 140.
Vivipara polyzonata Frauenfeld, p. 147.
Vivipara carinata Reeve, p. 141.
Vivipara buluanensis Bartsch, p. 140.
Vivipara zamboangensis tubayensis Bartsch, p. 188.
Vivipara zamboangensis davaoensis Bartsch, p. 188.
Vivipara zamboangensis suriganensis Bartsch, p. 139.
Vivipara zamboangensis Bartsch, p. 137.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. X
PHILIPPINE ISLAND VIVIPARIDA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 150.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XI
PHILIPPINE ISLAND VIVIPARIDA.
For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 150.
7
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THE TYPE OF THE JURASSIC REPTILE MOROSAURUS
AGILIS REDESCRIBED, WITH A NOTE ON CAMPTO-
SAURUS.
By CHartes W. GIuMore,
Of the Department of Geology, U. S. National Museum.
INTRODUCTION.
In 1889¢ Prof. O. C. Marsh described briefly Morosaurus agilis, a
new species of the Morosauride.
The type specimen (Cat. No. 5384, U.S.N.M.’) which was collected
by Mr. M. P. Felch from the Upper Jurassic (Morrison Beds) of
‘*Garden Park,” near Canon City, Colorado, is now preserved in the
fossil vertebrate collection of the U. S. National Museum.
The several elements comprising the type specimen were recently
carefully prepared and important characters, hitherto unobserved
because of adhering matrix, were disclosed. On account of the
exceedingly brief original designation of this species, as well as new
characters recently noted, the writer believes it of importance to
describe and figure the specimen more in detail than was attempted by
Professor Marsh.
REVIEW OF THE TYPE MATERIAL.
Marsh’s original description of the species is as follows:
MOROSAURUS AGILIS, sp. nov.
A second new species, which apparently belongs to the same genus, is represented
by the posterior half of the skull, the anterior cervical vertebrae, and other parts of
the skeleton. This animal was in direct contrast with the one © last deseribed, the
skull and skeleton being especially light and delicate in structure for one of the
Sauropoda. It was also much smaller in size, being the most diminutive known
member of the genus, probably not more than fifteen feet in length.
@O. C. Marsh, Amer. Jour. of Seci., XX XVII, April, 1889, p. 334.
bMarsh’s original accession numbers are as follows: [1607 and| 12, 1904 catalogue
number of the Yale University Museum.
¢Marsh refers here to MW. grandis, a larger species described in the same paper.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXXII—No. 1519.
151
152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
The figure below represents the back of the skull with the atlas attached, and the
post-occipital bones in place. The axis and third cervical were also found in posi-
tion. These will serve to distinguish the present species from the others of the
genus, as they are proportionally much longer and of lighter structure.
The hind feet of the present specimenagree in general structure with those of
Morosaurus grandis, but differ in having the first digit unusually large and massive
in comparison with the others. The third, fourth, and fifth are especially slender.
The writer has been unable to find the ‘‘ other parts of the skele-
ton” mentioned by Marsh in his original description. Moreover, a
rough field sketch accompanying the type specimen only shows the
posterior portion of the skull, atlas, axis, and third cervical, and
these elements in all probability constitute the type specimen.
The hind foot which is
mentioned as appertaining
to the ‘* present specimen”
is also missing, unless
Marsh refers here to the
right pes (Cat. No. 5369,
U.S.N.M., [1655] Marsh’s
accession number, figured
in Plate XX XVII, fig. 2,
in’ Dinosaurs of North
America), and which he
has identified as belonging
to Morosaurus agilis. See
fig. 24. Marsh must have
Fig. 1.—SKULL OF MOROSAURUS AGILIS (CAT. NO. 5884), POS- inadvertently referred the
OnrAmiad’ ¢, opoMtom, eRocran, Ge caiticix, oF Gia, Don ge UDI Ue DecleggmaE
e0, EXOCCIPITAL; 7, INTERCENTRUM OF ATLAS; 1, NEURAL original field labels still
deen et oe eg po, POSTORBITAL; 8, SQUAMOSAL; SO, with the specimens dis-
cussed here, show the type
was collected in 1883, while the hind foot was not found until 1888, five
years later. Fig. 1, Plate XX XVII, Dinosaurs of North America rep-
resents the right manus (Cat. No. 53871, U.S.N.M., Marsh’s original
number 1655) of JZ. ag/lis, also in the collection of this Museum. See
fig. 2a. With the foot are the radius and ulna. Both of the feet
were collected by Mr. Felch at the same time and place, ‘‘ Garden
Park,” near Canon City, Colorado, from the Upper Jurassic (Morrison
Beds), in 1888. Whether they belong to the same specimen or even
to the same species, in the state of our present knowledge can not be
determined with any degree of certainty.
The ‘** quarry” at Canon City, where Marsh secured the remains of
various specimens of the Dinosauria, is commonly known as a ‘‘ gen-
eral quarry,” as from it have been obtained the remains of a large
number of individuals representing several genera and species ina
No. 1519. MOROSAURUS AGILIS REDESCRIBED—GILMORE. 1053:
disarticulated and scattered condition, so intermingled that, unless a
skeleton has become isolated or is still articulated, the several elements
composing it can not be reassembled with the absolute assurance that
they pertain to a single individual. The writer is inclined to the opin-
ion that the identification of the manus and pes of J/. ag7//s has not
been accurately made, and until we have more positive evidence it
would be well to reserve our decision.
While Marsh pointed out in his original description that JZ ag7/is
is the most diminutive member of the Morosauridee, from our present
knowledge of the skeletal structure of the Opisthoccelian dinosaurs,
the writer believes that his estimate of the length of Morosaurus agilis
Fig. 2.—MOROSAURUS AGILIS? 7 NAT. SIZE. @, FRONT VIEW OF RIGHT FORE FOOT (CAT. No. 5371)
c, CARPAL BONE; I-V, METACARPALS; b, FRONT VIEW OF THE RIGHT HIND FOOT; I-V, DIGITS
(CAT. No. 5869), } NAT. SIZE.
at 15 feet would fall far short of the total length, and it would not be
surprising were the skeleton found to exceed twice the original
estimate.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE SPECIMEN.
With the exception of two genera our knowledge of the skull of the
Opisthocoelian dinosaurs is extremely limited. Recently Dr. W. J.
Holland” has published a very complete description of the skull of
Diplodocus based on all of the known material, and in a preliminary
paper Prof. Henry F. Osborn? has mentioned some of the important
a@W.J. Holland, Osteology of Diplodocus Marsh, Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum,
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, II, No. 6, 1906.
6H. F. Osborn, Nature, LX XIII, Jan. 18, 1906, p. 283, fig. 2.
154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII,
features of a beautifully preserved skull of J/orosaurus grandis now in
the American Museum of Natural History, New York.
Although Marsh determined most of the elements composing the
posterior aspect (see fig. 1) of the skull of Morosaurus agilis, he did
not describe them in detail; therefore the writer, because of the rarity
of the Opisthocoelian dinosaurian skulls, as well as to make our
knowledge of these crania a little more exact, now attempts such a
description.
DESCRIPTION OF SKULL.
The skull of J/. agilis, although somewhat distorted by crushing,
shows quite clearly the relationship of the several elements of the pos-
terior portion. The occipital segment consists of four bones, basioc-
cipital, exoccipitals, and supraoccipital, and the plane of the occiput
forms an obtuse angle (see Plate XII) with the fronto-parietal part of
the skull. The basioccipital extends well posterior ¢o the median por-
tion of the skull and forms the greater part of the subcircular convex
condyle. Dorsally it unites by suture with the exoccipitals (see fig.
3). The latter bones enter into the formation of the occipital condyle
and entirely exclude the basioccipital from the boundary of the fora-
men magnum. ‘This arrangement of the occipital bones approximates
the conditions found in the Chelonia. That is, the highest relation of the mean length of the two fossz to the maxi-
mum antero-posterior (glabello-occipital) diameter of the skull.
186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXU,
It is seen that throughout, in adults, the relatively longer anterior
fosse correspond to smaller skulls, and the opposite. The Indian and
negro, and the sex, are no exception; apparently the phenomenon is
general in the whole human family. Individual cases not agreeing
with the rule were met with in all the groups, but were not very
numerous. The immediate cause of the condition, upon which more
light will be thrown in later paragraphs, can only be a slightly less
‘apacity, or rather necessity, of growth in length of the frontal fosse
than that of growth in length of the rest of the cranium. This can
in all probability be applied also to the growth of the frontal lobes
of the cerebrum, an indication of a relatively greater expansion of
the other portions of the organ, containing the motor and sensory
areas, in the course of development.
It remains to consider the proportions of the anterior fosse in adults
and young, men and animals, sexes, races, and different cranial forms.
For these purposes the mean length of the two fossee may be compared
again with the greatest external cranial diameter. The following
table presents in a succinct form the results. Only those skulls are
here included in which both fossx could be measured, which removes
some possible causes of error.
Length proportions of anterior fosse in relation to greatest external length of the skull.
| Average | Average Average relation
Nae |external| mean | of the length of
Site perof | maxi length of) the fosse to the
eee Suee skulls, um the2 | dorsal length
; ‘length of anterior ~ of the skull,
| skull. fossee. | and extremes.
Adults: |
Whites, males— em. mm.
Dolichocephalsmacssesees eee ee ee eee eee 14 19.4 52.7 | 27.2 (25.3-28.8)
Mesoceplhaills a se-er ees tees er eee ae ere eee 11 | 18.7 61.5 | 27.5 (24. 3-380. 2)
Brachycephallssia-. Se seece saat cose ee eae eee 11 18.2 49.8 | 27.3 (24.5-30.9)
Whites, females—
DoliChoOCe pith S eres eee ee eee ee 5 aL fiane 48.2 | 27.1 (24.6-30.6)
Mesocephalls 22 <2 cpu ckits oeiereretna.c nee sete Bane 6 17.8 | 49.7 | 28.1 (26. 1-30-6)
Brachycephalss. jase seccensc sore ce eons ee recs 6 Lies 48.6 | 28.2 (25. 6-81. 2)
Indians, males—
Dolichocephalsie.. 222. S.3.S24 2-02 2d sateeee ee 10 18.3 46.6 | 25.5 (22. 7-29.6)
Brachycephals*:2a-s-0--ehee voe eee eee eee 10 16.9 45.4 | 26.8 ve 4-28. 5)
Negroes—
Males, dolicho- and mesocephals ..............-- 14 18.6 50.6 | 27.3 (25.3-30. 7)
Females, dolicho-and mesocephals.........--.-- 5 iyi) 50.1 | 28.3 (26. 2-30. 2)
Fetuses and young: |
White fetuses and children, brachycephals ............. 103 |e SSeS eecel Medes 31.1 (28. 6-35. 0)
Colored fetuses and children:
Brachy cephalsie sa. 2 injec cise tee aes te Aare names OM) aistez aioe sacl ese tee 30.9 (27. 5-35. 7)
Dolicho-andimesocephals#ess=-2eeeeee. ae eee eee eee 203 Siac =| eeeenee ere 30.6 (26. 1-35. 6)
Anthropoid apes:
ChimpPpanZeesi.ciceesecn mes te s =e ae eee eee eee 24) 11.9 39.0 | 32.9 (31.4-84. 0)
Orangsse.--ee 6 | 11.0 36.2 | 30.4 (28.2-32.8)
Gibbonstet ce. nce eeemadee sees 1 7.5 27.3 | 36.2 (85. 0-37.3)
Monkeys and lemurs:
MOACACUS PClLODSe 3. joe hen ee ees naa a 1 | 8.2 29.5 | 36.0
Gebusiiypoleucus: sas ce ieee oe eee eee eee 1 | 7.5 23.2 | 30.0
ALOUCLASCNTCULG cho Bae eee ae ee eee ae | 1 7.0 23:0 | 32.9
MAGGS 3502 osos Lace oo Fae ae Sa a aoe ee ee eee 1 4.1 TZHOF| mole
ECU VONUUS coes aa le SRE eles hee oO ee OnE e | 1 6.0 22.0 36.7
The above data certainly reveal interesting conditions.
The relative length of the anterior fosse is in general decidedly
greater in fetuses and young than in adults; the antero-posterior
No. 1521. MEASUREMENTS OF CRANIAL FOSS4H—HRDLICKA 187
development 5 the Ponta cavities, ‘therefor e, hee behind ‘the devel-
opment of the rest of the skull in the same direction throughout
growth. This harmonizes well with the relatively small frontal fossz
in many of the largest adult crania. A remarkable diminution in the
relative length of the anterior fosse takes place during fetal growth
itself. Thus, in the six smallest fetuses and the six largest children,“
the mean lengths of the fosse were toward the greatest external length
of the skull, respectively as 32.9 (28.6-35.0) and 30.1 (28.0-33.1) to
100. Individual variation is quite pronounced at all stages of life.
The differences, in man and lower mammals, between the length of
the anterior fosse as related to the greatest external length of the
skull are much like those between human adults and young. In all
the species of animals examined, the anthropoid apes included, the
relative length of the frontal cavities is greater than that in human
adults; in a few instances it is even greater than in the human young.
If the anterior lobes of the brain correspond in dimensions to the ante-
rior fosse, as we believe, the facts shown by the figures relating to
the young, and especially to the other mammals than man, mean a
striking change in our notions concerning the relative size of those
parts of the cerebrum in the beings involved. There are differences
between the various species of anthropoid apes and monkeys, but from
the small number of specimens it is impossible to conclude how far
these differences are characteristic of definite groups.
As to sexes, the females, both among the whites and negroes, show
on the whole, relatively longer anterior fossx than the males. This
difference is not large and agrees with the smaller size of the female
skull. The female sex appears in this, as in so many other features,
slightly nearer the infantile conditions.
The racial differences in the frontal cavities are of a peculiar nature.
In whites and negroes the relative proportions of the anterior fosse,
as contrasted with the length of the skull, are practically alike, but in
the Indian they are decidedly smaller. The latter condition is not due
to a large development of the Indian skulls ; in fact these are smaller
than either those of the whites or those of the negroes of the same
Sex.
There are certain differences in the relative length of the anterior
fosse between dolichocephalic and brachycephalie crania, the pro-
portion being in all the groups slightly higher in average in the
latter than in the former. No clear reason for this has been arrived
at. The series overlap to a considerable extent through individual
irregularities.
The familiar greatest antero-posterior (glabello-occipital) diameter
has proved very serviceable for contrasting sae dimensions of the
“ For sizes see detailed tables at the end of the paper. Only one of ie SHinhee
reached as high as about the sixth year of age. All the others were much younger.
188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
anterior fosse, but certain objections, valid and partly shown before,
are liable to be raised against it.“ It is therefore advisable to con-
trast the length of the cavities in all the series also with the mean
ventral diameter of the crania.? The next table gives the relations
of the mean of the two frontal fossee with the mean ventral length of
the skulls in all the groups. dealt with in the preceding list, and it will
be seen that, though the figures differ a little, the results are substan-
tially identical.
Mean length of the anterior cranial fosse in relation to the mean of the right and left
greatest ventral diameters of the skull.
| Average |
| Average MES:
relation of | Telation of |
INUIT rerosssall| the fosse | Num-
Subjects. ber of | be Toss || (greatest | ber of
|(mean ven-!| |
skulls. aralelencth external (skulls.
Sane | length=
pad 100).
|
Adults: | |
Whites, males— | |
Dolichocephalss2.-8 ss h2 Se eee See eee 6 29:3 Qie2 14
Mesocephals 525. Sok hese ie eee Se nee ee re Ee eee 9 29.5 || 27.5) 11
Brachycephalls rt. asec: eee ee a eee ee eee eee | 8 | 29.6 || Deon} 11
Whites, females— | |
Dolichocephals}z-sc2.c232 secre ea ore Be eee eee eee 5 29.4 || 27.1 5
Mesocephalls: sc ac 2a aoe cca oe ato ata a bee eiaceine ines 6 30.4 28.1 6
Brachy.cephialls es. S25 see nee aos oe ain ns ee ae ee 4 30.0 | 28. 2 6
Indians, males— - | |
Molichocephiale: 2. Perce cewek eee ane [2 104 28.0 || 25.5 10
Brachiy cephalsmas oscce. sence eee eee oe eens 10 | 29.5 || 26.8 | 10
Negroes— : |
Males, dolicho- and mesocephals.............---------- 13 30.4 | 27.3 14
Females, dolicho- and mesocephals.............--.---- 4 31.0 | 28.3 5
Fetuses and young: |
White fetuses and children, brachycephals.......-...-.--.- | 9 Byal Bala ab 10
Colored fetuses and children, brachycephals ....-..--..--- 10 | 32.2 30.9 | 10
Dolichosandimesocephalsseses-ceecs-aseee ea eer ee ee eeeeers 20 32.3 || 30.6 20
Anthropoid apes: ||
CHM pan Zeess tata ese oe ee ee er aM cee es 2 35.3 | 32.9 2
OTT Oyo: pee Been erst tire win a Mens Son ace beh eae ROA SaR roman ae 6 | 34.4 30.4 6
GDDOM SE oes eres eee Set a Re er ee eae eee 4 37.5 || 36.2 | 4
Monkeys and lemurs: |
MGCACUSDELODSRn oe een ere oat Oe eee ae are ee nee 1 38.3 | 36.0 1
Cebus hypotewcuss..- = ah sem since ce ssincis isis tease eae aero 1 34.7 | 30. 0 1
Alouatasenteuld sss ee ee ee cis ee eee pear 1 39.1 | 32.9 1
MiGs See-ian Ge. Be Pee et ot Ce een eee EEE eee | 1 33.1 | 31.7 1
LONVUPUOTUUS BS Sarees it see eee eee ee eee ee eee
Other mammals: | iL 41.5 36. 7 1
UFSUS' GMETICONIUS. = ocla= ae ee a oe eee Saree eels eae 1 Bisco | nee cerosas locese
DC OV 2cr2 sve cietsiaic slejorass sieisicte '= atotocsoes eleie ove Ser aee ra ease eee (a a) pateeaepateeT 1 34.1 | Se Gaeeecen aces
The position of the Indian is seen in this table ina clearer light,
and the same is true of the negro, the former appearing nearer to
the white man and the latter nearer to less developed forms of crania.
The exceptional position of the gibbons among the anthropoid apes,
and of the macaque, alouata, and lemur in the following group, remains
accentuated, :
The correlation of the anterior with the other fosse of the skull
will be treated of later on.
«Varying dimensions of the glabella and occipital ridges; the point chosen in
apes instead of glabella ; the varying thickness of bone included.
» Average of the greatest internal length of the right and left side.
No. 1521. MEASUREMENTS OF CRANIAL FOSS—HRDLICKA. 189
MIDDLE FOSS.
The absolute average length of the middle fossze in human adults
shows as follows:
Middle fosse: Average length in adults.
Males Females.
eer oy al eee fe pane Bas =] ae
Popehocepl Mesocephals. Braghycepb- Dolichoceph- | yresocephals. Brae ceD Ee
Race. ave eee | pe Al a8 : a, fee :
| | 1 |
Eee pees see se | eS fo
| “eo a ‘oo | | Tap a ‘eo oa "ep oa “ep ar
el Sh (| psc sa Ssh) |For a :
Human adults:| } |
Right longer...-.-- cases. - 8 5 1 0 2 1 4 2 2 | Oo alt bane a2
Left longer .......- Ones = (Gl = 4 8 Di 1 | Beal 5 ONO 63
Human young: | |
Right longer ...... (Oy Ae 4 Cel Ne el Pa Os] aw) 0 Oz 0 0 0 0
eft longer. ..2. ss. @@has By|f tal I je ak 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Anthropoid apes: | | | |
Right longer .....- Glos s5|).° 1 | 4 Dea eel oe ES Its Seva as Se eee ene Seiya ct ee ee
Left longer .....--- does. Ge Meee | 1 1 Petal Sears See eee (erick reise (ne cee (gece ol
Monkeys and lemur: | | |
Right longer ..-.--- domeee She AS eke See eete chal ies ore a) eee srl Se hae ek ae |acenalpebas|ssaecllass aise
Left longer -...-.-- Gkesce @ | 1 Lt ences \eeeealoseee \Scte| ae | Sees | seca See ell Seige
| | ates
a) ='6: 55mm 77 mms b1=6.5 mm.; 1 =8 mm.; 1 =12 mm.
The greatest of the differences among the human adults are on the
left side; also the proportion of cases with large differences is greater
where the left combined fossal length is greater. In the human young
the differences are smaller, showing that the peculiarity is to quite a
large degree of later development, which agrees with what was
observed with all the individual cavities. In anthropoid apes and
monkeys the differences are relatively small, exceeding in no case 2
millimeters.
It remains to show how the combined fossal length agrees with the
greatest ventral length of the skull of the same side. The succeeding
table gives the averages of the right and left ventral antero-posterior
diameters in human adults. It will be seen that here also, as with the
a+m-+ ps length the left diameter preponderates in the mass of the
specimens, and it will also be noticed that in the white brachycephals
there is scarcely any difference, while in the white dolichocephals,
both male and female, the inequality is pronounced.
Ventral antero-posterior maximum diameter of the skull.
Females.
Males.
| Dolichoceph- oe Brachyceph- || Dolichoceph- eas . | Brachyceph-
Eo | AS Mesocephals. ais! IK. Mesocephals. aie!
SUDJCCLS a | aeeeeae ona SEE se s
+5 3 me | re re 5 |
a 43 a] BET i (Lec = Pe Ni bes a Be Ss 43 Sl a3
sat 3) abo | 3) yee a m0 So sa Te et zo
ms A er Ss) |) eS m4 A a 4 m 4A
| em. | em. em, | em. em en, | en. em. em, | em. em. em.
18) |) | ay] ay |. |) | am | ey |e) 1) | 4)
Whites ...... lelega We |17/23 | Wie2¢ | 1627. 16.7 || 16.3 16.6 | 16.4) 16.5} 15.9 15, 95
a( +0. 2) a +0. 04)! la(+—0)} a( +0. 3) ja( +0. 1) a(-+0. 5)
(10) | (10) | }(20) | (10) | |
Imdianse sees 16.6 UGE) lacaeao|issoseapcc 15.3 NBC! WeassbelpAsscecs|[psoasc Socceero|[Sssams|lonosecs-
| a( +0. 1) a(+o0 1)}|
(13) | (18) | (7)_ | (7) |
Negroes ..... | 16.7 | 16.8 |......}..22222-.]5.2--: Bae a || 16.2 V6 elalewerse [fas ah eka ee Sepa
|a(+0. 1) | | | a( —0. 1)
a Difference from the length on the right side.
a al
ie ag ett
one
No. 1521. MEASUREMENTS OF CRANIAL FOSS#—HRDLICKA. 201
After individual comparison, in the human adult, it is found that the
relations of the combined fossal, and the ventral length, are as follows:
Both measurements are alike on the two sides” in 14.7 per cent of
cases. Both measurements are longer on the same side in 62.7 per
cent of cases. One of the measurements is equal on the two sides,
the other unequal, in 22.7 per cent of cases.
The instances where the measurements agree, either in that each
is equal on the two sides of the skull, or in both being longer on the
same side of the skull, constitute nearly four-fifths of the cases, so
that agreement between the a+m-+ps length and the greatest ventral
length on each side may be said to be almost general. Of the excep-
tions only a few are marked. The highest discrepancy was a 7 mm.
ditterence in favor of the right combined fossal length in a case where
the ventral lengths were equal.
The ¢nterrelation of the three cerebral cavities, shown hitherto only
indirectly and incompletely, can be further brought out by comparing
the lengths of the individual cavities with the sum of the lengths of
the three, thus: ~ seu Oe wee ;
length of a+m-+ps?’fosse
be termed indexes, and are convenient for collation, are given, with
three columns of supplemental comparisons, in the table below.
The results, which can
«Differences up to one millimeter between the whole right and left side being
disregarded, as a possible error can not in such cases be excluded.
>That is, of anterior and middle and postero-superior fossze.
202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Indexes showing the interrelation of the cranial (cerebral) fosse.
be SF ay
Indexcof | & aS 25
, ay_| Index’ of | thecere- Gene na S
pea middle | bral partof) = Boneas
x ° ase Ossa. the poste-| es | 2 Se /TE\
= Num- rior rece aa |e Bs
Subjects. | | ber of 2A | Qo | BEB
skulls. = - aie |b teionl ears
} SB. | Prag) Be
| Ss is lees | Z| ee Sal fan
q re 45 a 42 = a Z2s
| S| 8 |S/$)/e/s |e | sal) eee
| 64 A 64 4 ae A A aa } am
| (Fee salt Eile eos | perigee
Adults: |
Whites, males— | |
Dolichocephals. ...-.-- 14} 28.1 | 27.4 | 29.0 | 28.8 | 42.9 | 43.8 104 150 | 152
Mesocephals .........- TA 2799)" 2751 62955 |) 2903) 4256: 4376 107 146 151
Se Prachycephals Seen ere 11} 27.7) 26.8 | 30.5 | 30.6 | 41.9 | 42.6 112 138 | 146
Vhites, females—
Dolichocephals .....-. 5 | 28.0} 27.1 | 29.5 | 28.6 | 42.5 | 44.1 105 149 153
Mesocephals.......... | 6 28.2 | 27.5 | 29.4 29.0 | 42.4 | 43.5 105 147 151
; einen Ge ea seeticcns Gal 2789 RW 27on P29Ne I 29N Bs Ao Ss eAgeo, 106 147 151
ndians, males— | | | |
Dolichocephals. ......-, 10 | 26.1 QOoM eos Til 282i Radon eA a7, 113 154 163
a Brachycephals ......-.. 10 | 26.44) 26.37) 31.1 | 30.3 | 42.5 | 43.6 | 116 140 152
Negroes—
Males, dolicho- and | |
mesocephals ......-- A 28 2 Die 2e DOr 3 e290 sonia oes, 105 147 151
Females, dolicho-and |
mesocephals .....--- 5 | 29.1 | 28.0 | 28.4 | 28.3 | 42.4 | 43.7 99 152 151
uehuaes aud YOUNG s-% seis ojs"= = 40) 29879) 29540) 277, 276,50 A205) 4320) 93 155 150
Anthropoid apes:
Chimpanzees ....-.....-.. 2; 31.17} 30.2 | 30.6 | 30.4 | 38.3 | 39.4 99 127 126
Gorililays =. eae ncscaee sees Li Adaline Teal |help 2ut| 2986 | 41.1 | 43.3 111 138 146
Ovan Gs riaessaeseeee ack oon 6 | 29.4 ary) 30.1 eg | 40.5 41.4 108 | me 139
Maecer eee ek eee gemoncemose 4/ 33.2) 33.2 | 29.7 | 29.1 | 37.1 | 37.7 | 89 127 119
Cynocephalus ..........---- [oo 4} 98.6 |e oe = | s2.4 2] g9:0] <2 113} 120 128
Macacus pelops..---------- T3228! 32545 | Sie 718153) | 826) | s0n3 97 114 112
Cebus hypolewcus ...------- iE ews 30.7 | 31.8 | 32.0 |) 37.1 | 37.3 103 116 118
Mu Cetes} <- assccnen ese onic. 1) cs31e3, ? 35. 4 ? 33.3 iv 118 94 100
Alouata senicula.....------| Z| O07) 81d 385590 8405 | 3204) 8455 112 95 100
IMTS So ce SR ete oes aes 1] 28.9] 29.2 | 83.3 | 34.8 | 37.8 | 36.0 117 108 117
LEMUR VONUUS ene cn) se | 1 ||. 36:5) || 35:8 | 36:3) | 36:6) ) 28:2) |) 27.6 102 76 77
Ursus americanus. ...------ il ? ? ? ie 2? 2? alas Re Saanolleddasace
Deewers ene eee Oe | Tefen ? 2 ? ? ? Q0ilgce. sce [akon aes
Pig esa dente ances ene epee 1 ? ? if ? ? 2? SA yas ceeds eeteatee
|
{a=length of anterior fossa: m=length of middle fossa; ps=length of postero-superior fossa. ]
a ax 100 b m x 100 e ps x 100
a+m-+ps a+m-+ps a+m+ps
dMean length of anterior fosse=100. e Mean length of middle fosse=100. f Mean length of a
anterior and m, middle fossee (257) =100.
The middle fosse are, it is seen, longer than the anterior ones in a
large majority of the series; they are shorter than the anterior cavi-
ties in the negro females, the fetuses and young, the chimpanzees,
gibbons, and the macaque. The longest middle foss in relation to
the anterior ones exist in the Indians, gorilla, and several of the mon-
keys, while the shortest are found in the pig, the Glee es: and the
human fetuses and young.
The length of the postero-superior cavities approximates one and a
half times that of the anterior foss in all the series of human skulls;
it is somewhat less in the anthropoid apes, much less in most of the
monkeys, and least (only three-fourths of the length of the anterior
cavities) in the lemur.
More simplified data are obtained by a comparison of the length of
the postero-superior fosse to the mean of the lengths of the anterior
—
wo.1521. MEASUREMENTS OF CRANIAL FOSS #—HRDLICKA. 203
and middle cavities. It is seen that the former exceed the latter in
the proportion of 143-163 to 100 in the human crania, as 119-146 to
100 among the anthropoid apes, as 100-128 to 100 among the monkeys,
and only as 77 to 100 in the lemur. The highest proportion among
the human series (163 to 100) is found in the Indian male dolicho-
cephals, the smallest (146 to 100) among the white male brachycephals
and (150 to 100) in the young. Among anthropoid apes the highest
proportion (146 to 100) exists in the gorilla, the smallest (119 to 100)
in the gibbons; while among the monkeys similar extremes are repre-
sented by the baboon (128 to 100) and by the mycetes and alouata (100
to 100). It is striking how much zoological sequence there is in the
distribution of these particular results of comparison. The position
of the Indians, however, seems anomalous.
The indexes show many characteristics of the fossee which have
already been brought out in the comparisons of the length of the
cavities with the lengths of the skull. To avoid repetitions and a
possible confusion, these features are relegated to the general sum-
mary.
THE POSTERO-INFERIOR OR CEREBELLAR FOSS&.
The absolute average length of the cerebellar fossz in the various
series of human adults is as follows:
Posterior fossx, cerebellar portion: Average length in adults.
Males. | Females.
Detinnosn Sane Ea aE elem, eer
vonehor eph- Mesocephals. Bie ae hod ore rete ec enh Mesocephals. | Brechycepl:
Subjects. eas % 68a Peon Loe bigs: |e zB] PEW ee
43 re me) s re: re)
4 4 | 4 4 4 A ie} 4 oat 4 eat 4
| a ete : ee
mm, mm. mim, mm, mm, mm, mm, mm. mm, | mm. | mm, mm,
(20) | (20) (19) | (19) (19) | (19) (10) | (10) (9) (9) — |(9) (9)
Wihites/iaaec (el le Aa (al el earollbeoedc\soeecllsccaceaosecclis=acodligcace
Orange sees eee 11.9 | 36.2 | 37.1 | 51.0 | 41.2 | 30.4 | 31.1 | 42.8 | 34.5 | 34.4 | 35.3 | 48.5 | 39.1
Gibbons eseseee: | 7.5 | 27.3 | 24:2 | 30.8 | 24.6 | 86.2 | 32.0 | 40.7 | 32.6 | 37.5 | 33.2 | 42.3 | 33.8
Monkeysand lemurs:) | |
Macacus pelops ..| 8.2 | 29.5 | 28.5 | 32.5 | 24.0 | 86.0 | 34.7 | 39.6 | 29.2 | 38.3 | 37.0 | 42.2 | 31.2
Cebus hypoleucus.| 7.5 | 28.2 | 24.0 | 28.0 | 18.7 | 30.0 | 82.0 | 37.3 | 25.0 | 34.7 | 35.8 | 41.8 | 28.0
Alouata senicula .| 7.0 | 23.0 | 25.7 | 24.5 | 20.5 | 32.9 | 86.8 | 35.0 | 29.3 | 39.1 | 43.8 | 41.7 | 34.9
MG GSS a eee ee 4,2 | 13.0] 15.2 | 16.5 | 11.5 | 31.7 | 37.2 | 40.2 | 28.0 | 33.1 | 38.8 | 42.0 | 29.3
Lemur varius ....| 6.0 | 22.0 | 22.5 | 17.2 | 16.0 | 36.7 | 37.5 | 28.7 | 26.7 | 41.5 | 42.4 | 32.5 | 30.2
| | | J |
|
|
|
|
|
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20
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NIAL FOSSAH—HRDLICKA.
MEASUREMENTS OF CRA
No. 1521,
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MEASUREMENTS OF CRANIAL FOSS #—HRDLICKA.
No. 1521
*POINSBOUT OG P[NOS ~BSSOF 9} [1B TOI UT s[[NYAS JO ToquUN v
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VOL. XXXII.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
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FIG. 2.—GERREOMORPHA JAPONICA.
Of this species we have examined three specimens, two from Naha
in the Riu Kiu Islands, presented by the Imperial University. The
other was taken by Messrs. Jordan and Snyder at Wakanoura. The
species may be known at once by the very silvery coloration, by the
rather deep body and by the character, called generic, of the ten dorsal
spines.
SUMMARY.
Family GrrRRID&.
1. Nystema Jordan and Evermann, 1895.
1. erythrourum (Bloch) 1790; Wakanoura, Oita, Nagasaki.
2. Gerreomorpha Alleyne and Macleay, 1876.
2. japonica (Bleeker) 1857; Wakanoura, Naha (Riu Kiu Islands).
Aicigs ape ea tacts seals ti SET
ne ee ee
SOME MADREPORARIAN CORALS FROM FRENCH SOMA-
LILAND, EAST AFRICA, COLLECTED BY DR. CHARLES
GRAVIER.
. By T. WayLanp VAUGHAN,
Custodian, Madreporaria, U.S. National Museum, and Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey.
Doctor Charles Gravier, of the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris,
kindly submitted to me for study and report that portion of the collec.
tion of corals made by him in 1904, in French Somaliland, that would
safely bear transportation to this country. I accordingly received the
so-called Astreans, the Fungids, the Astreopores, and the Goniopores.
The type specimens, in the case of new forms, are the property of the
Paris Museum; but paratypes or fragments of the types are in the
United States National Museum.
As the collection was obtained at a locality just outside the mouth
of the Red Sea, it is of special interest for comparison with the faunas
of the Red Sea, the East Coast of Africa, and the regions farther to
the east in the Indian Ocean.
I desire to express my thanks to Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, of Gon-
ville and Caius College, Cambridge, for kindly comparing photographs
and my descriptions of Orbicella annuligera and the Cyphastree with
his specimens from the Maldive and Laccadive archipelagoes.
Genus PHYSOGYRA Queleh.
1886. Physogyra QueELcH, Reef Corals, ‘‘Challenger’’ Reports, p. 75.
Quelch established this genus for a coral that he described as Physo-
gyra aperta, from Banda, and the Plerogyra lichtensteini Milne Edwards
and Haime, of unknown habitat. The latter species has not, to my
knowledge, been figured. Doctor Gravier obtained two species, which
are subsequently described, from French Somaliland. In order to
show the differential characters of the four recognized species I have
prepared the following synopsis:
SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF PHYSOGYRA.
Without wall ridge on the colline summits:
Upper margins of the septa arched or flattened .___.- P. somaliensis, new species.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXXII—No. 1526.
249
bo
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Valley axes narrow and deep.
Valleys, 15 to 18 mm. wide; septa, 2 to 5 mm. apart.
P. lichtensteini Milne Edwards and Haime.
Valley axes open and shallow.
Upper margins of the septa arched or flattened; valleys, 16 to 20 mm. wide;
septa, 2.to4unm-japart=secce see ee eee eee eee ae P. aperta Quelch.
Upper margins of the septa, distally abruptly elevated; valleys, 11 to 18.5
mm. wide; septa, 1.4 to 2 mm. apart, occasional intermediate rudimenta-
THOS ele eeieenee see See cee eee eee eer eee P. gravieri, new species.
PHYSOGYRA SOMALIENSIS, new species.
Plate X VII.
Apex of the base small, surmounted by a short, thick pedicel. The
lower surface more or less corrugated concentrically, ascending at a
low angle, with the margins in some instances slightly bent downward.
Costz correspond to many or most of the septa; no epitheca; wall
largely dissepimental in origin, often presenting a glazed appearance.
The reflexed edge zone may extend some distance from the margin, or
foreign objects may incrust the base to near the periphery. The upper
surface is gently domed. The corallum is very vesicular and for its
size extremely light.
. Table of measurements.
Diameter.
l
Specimen. = — —) Height.
| Greater. | Lesser. |
mm. mm. mm.
NO tpl Scone oe see oe 76 71 54
INO. 20a Sain Ss emen anes 134 121 83
| PINOMS Get a2. tek Stee 161 | 150 80
| |
tFigured type, Museum d@’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Valleys more or less radiate in arrangement; longitude, up to 120
mm. on specimen No. 38; distance between the summits of adjacent
collines, from 11 to 18 mm.; depth, about 8 mm. Calicinal centers
distinct or indistinct.
Septa thin, distant, usually alternating in prominence, the taller,
which are somewhat unequal, continuing to the summit of the col-
lines, while the smaller ones, which usually are decidedly rudimentary,
appear farther down on the sides of the collines in the loculi between
the larger. There are 7 to 8 larger septa to the centimeter, and
approximately the same number of smaller ones. The septal margins
are entire; their upper portion gently arched or flattened, the outer
ends may connect with the septa of the next series, or they may end
abruptly on the colline summit; the inner margins fall abruptly to the
bottom of the narrow axial furrow. .
Dissepimental endotheca highly developed, forming vesicular ridges
from 7.5 to 16.5 mm. across; dissepiments thin, from 1 to 2 mm.
No. 1526. CORALS FROM FRENCH SOMALILAND— VAUGHAN. Od
apart; they arch upward and may reach, or very nearly reach the
highest points of the septa. The collines composed of dissepiments
and the outer ends of the septa; there is no wall lamella.
Columella poorly developed, consisting of a few septal processes, or
absent.
Type.—Muséum (Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Paratype.—United States National Museum.
Remarks.—This species differs from the other three species of the
genus by the absence of a wall ridge or lamella, and by having more
numerous septa.
PHYSOGYRA GRAVIERI, new species.
Plate X VIII, figs. 1, 2.
Corallum very vesicular and light; subdiscoid in shape, with a
thin, slightly reflexed edge. Greater diameter, 141 mm.; lesser, 125
mm.; height, 57mm. The lower surface is almost, but not entirely,
without epitheca; the edge zone evidently extended a considerable
distance beneath the periphery, but there are some serpula tubes and
mollusean shells attached to the base. The basal wall is largely dis-
sepimental in origin, but apparently not entirely of that nature.
Prominent, thin costz correspond to most of the septa.
Upper surface gradually rounded, Colline summits indicated by
an imperfect, discontinuous, perforate wall; the distal ends of the
septa elevated at a sharp angle.
Valleys more or less radiate in arrangement, rather straight or
sinuous, they may be long, as much as 119 mm. in length; distance
between colline summits, from 11 to 18.5 mm.; depth about 6 mm., but
as the wall and the elevated distal ends of the septa form a ridge from
2 to 3.5 mm. tall, the valleys are really decidedly shallow. Calicinal
centers distinct, average about 1 cm. apart.
Septa thin, distant, 5 to 7 large ones to the centimeter, with occa-
sional intervening rudimentaries. The larger continue to the summits
of the collines and, as has been stated, have their outer ends suddenly
elevated and joined one to another by an imperfectly developed wall.
The septal margins are microscopically dentate and form somewhat
sinuous lines from points slightly above the base of the wall ridge to
irregularly developed, somewhat ragged paliform lobes that surround
the calicular axis. The inner edges of the lobes are steep, and sur-
round the rather shallow calicinal centers.
Dissepimental endotheca very highly developed, forming vesicular
collines that extend across from the bottom of one valley to that of
the next, and arch upward to within 2 to 3.5 mm. of the wall summit.
Dissepiments thin, arched, from 1 to 3 mm. apart.
Columella poorly developed, false, consisting of a few spinose proc-
esses from the inner ends of the. septa. ;
252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Zype.—Muséum Histoire Naturelle, Paris; a portion of the type
in the United States National Museum.
Remarks.—The three particularly noteworthy characters of this
species are, (7) the imperfectly developed, but elevated wall ridge; (4)
the open, shallow valleys; (¢) the sudden elevation of the septal margins
along the colline summits. The last-mentioned character separates
it from any of the previously described species.
Genus ORBICELLA Dana.
ORBICELLA MINIKOIENSIS Gardiner.
1904. Orbicella minikoiensis GARDINER, Madrepor., Maldive and Laccadive
Archipel., I, p. 774, pl. uxt, fig. 35.
One fine specimen of this species, so similar to Gardiner’s figure
that it might have served as the type, was obtained.
ORBICELLA (LEPTASTREA) INAXQUALIS Klunzinger.
1879. Leptastreea inequalis KLUNZINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 8, p. 45, pl. v.
fig. 6.
One specimen about the size of a man’s fist was collected.
ORBICELLA (LEPTASTREA) BOTT (Milne Edwards and Haime).
1850.. Cyphastrea? bottse Mitne Epwarps and Haine, Ann. Sci. nat., 3 ser., zool.,
MTL ps 115:
1857. Cyphastrea bottai Minne Epwarps and Harmer, Hist. nat. Corall., I,
p. 486, pl. xuvur, fig. 1.
1879. Leptastrea bottai KiLuNzincer, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 44, pl. v,
fig. 6; pl. x, figs. 13a, 13d.
Two specimens were procured.
ORBICELLA ANNULIGERA (Milne Edwards and Haime).
Plate XX, fig. 3; plate X XI; plate X XII, fig. 4.
1850. Astrea annuligera Mitnk Epwarps and Haimer, Ann. Sci. nat., 3 ser.,
LOOle, Noy ps 103:
1857. Heliastrea annuligera MILNE Epwarps and Harme, Hist. nat. Corall.,
II, p. 471.
1904. Orbicella annuligera GARDINER, Madrepor., Maldive and _ Laccadive
Arehipel.; Ely p.-774, pl: Lxim, whige32. :
One specimen was submitted to me, and on it the following descrip-
tion is based: :
Corallum of irregular shape, growth-form massive, attached by a
portion of the lower surface; calices confined to the upper surfaces
and the edges. There is no epitheca on the base, but outside the outer
corallites there is considerable vesicular exotheca. The outer surface
of this exotheca presents a minutely blistered and granulated appear-
ance, with longitudinal costal striations that become more prominent
on the periphery. Length, 152 mm.; width, 94 mm.; height, 86 mm. ;
thickness of living portion, 42 mm
3
e
NO, 1526. CORALS FROM FRENCH SOMALILAND—VAUGHAN. 25
Calices circular or subelliptical, shallow, about 1mm. deep, diame-
ter from 3 to 3.5 mm., an occasional abnormal calice, 5 mm. The
margins elevated about 1 mm. The free portion of the corallites
below the calices is somewhat swollen and strongly costate, the cost
alternating in thickness and prominence, the larger prolonged and
meeting those of the adjoining corallites. Distance between calices
from | to 2.75 mm., usually about 2 mm.; the distance apart is less
than the diameter.
The septa normally form three complete cycles, occasionally a few
quaternaries; primaries and secondaries stout, equal or subequal, and
joined by wide prominent pali to the columella. The tertiaries are
somewhat thinner, bear no pali, reach a little less than half the distance
from the wall to the columella and nearly always have their inner ends
free. All of the septa are thicker in the thecal ring and have cost,
which have already been described, corresponding to their distal ends.
The margins are finely dentate, somewhat elevated, arching above the
edge of the wall; primaries and secondaries more prominent than the
tertiaries. Septal faces minutely and densely granulate.
The pali are thick, wide, equaling in width the length of the septa,
prominent, with an arched, finely dentate upper margin. They form
a single crown, occur before the primaries and secondaries, which they
join to the columella. Their faces granulate.
Thin endothecal dissepiments present; a coarser, vesicular, highly
developed exotheca occurring between the costz.
Columella well developed, rather compact, bearing several papille
on its upper surface.
Remarks.—In those calices in which quaternaries are present, one
or more of the tertiaries becomes elongated, paliferous, and fuses to
the sides of a septum belonging to a lower cycle or extends to the
columella. A few much enlarged calices have more numerous septa.
Asexual reproduction is usually by budding between the calices, or
by peripheral gemmation around the edges of the corallum, but among
the abnormally large calices fission occurs.
Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner has compared photographs of this specimen
and my description with his specimens from Minikoi and Goidu, and
writes me that they are the same.
Genus CYPHASTREA Milne Edwards and Haime.
CYPHASTREA FORSKALIANA (Milne Edwards and Haime).
Plate XIX; plate XX, figs. 1, 2; plate X XII, figs. 1, 2,3. (Plate XIX, plate XX,
g. 1, and plate X XII, fig. 2, are of one specimen; plate XX, fig. 2, and plate XXII,
gs. 1, 3, are of another. )
fi
fi
1850. Solenastrea forskaliana MitNe Epwarps and Harmer, Ann. Sci. nat., 3 ser.,
Zool., XI11,-p. 123.
1904. Cyphastrea forskaelana GARDINER, Madrepor., Maldive and Laccadive
Archip., UL, p- 778.
254 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Corallum Of light texture, but of massive ‘growth- form. Upper
surface irregularly convex, ate gentle undulations and some large
humps; lower surface concave, with irregular, concentric corrugations
and an epitheca that extends almost to the edge. Greatest length,
128 mm.; width, 67 mm.; height, 70 mm.; thickness of living portion,
up to 25 mm.
Calices usually with slightly elevated margins, varying in height
from a small fraction of a millimeter to 1 mm.; in some instances not
raised above the exothecal surface. Their diameter from 1.5 to 2.5
mm., usually from 1.8 to2 mm. Distance apart from 1 to 3 mm.; on
the upper portion usually about 1.5 mm.; near the edges more distant.
The calices are generally smaller and more crowded in the depressions;
larger and more distant on the convexities.
The septa form three complete cycles, the primaries and secondaries
reach the columella, but the former are slightly thicker; the tertiaries
are short and thin, almost rudimentary. The outer ends of the septa
are continued beyond the corallite wall and form distinct, rather acute
costae, alternating in size. The septa are thicker in the mural ring,
becoming thinner outwardly toward the costal edges and inwardly
toward the inner ends. The margins are exsert, steeply arched, the
primaries and secondaries exceeding the tertiaries in height; the sum-
mit of the arch very obscurely dentate or entire, the inner and outer
edges distinctly dentate; near the columella there are rather long teeth.
The septal faces are densely granulated. Calicular fossa of moderate
depth, about 1.5 mm. Columellavesiculate, very well developed, join-
ing the inner ends of the primaries and secondaries.
In longitudinal sections of the corallites, the septa show numerous,
irregularly disposed perforations, and many very delicate dissepiments.
The corallites are joined by a very vesicular exotheca, whose upper
surface is composed of numerous blistery elevations that bear a great
many small. pointed spines. In a section of the corallum the exotheusl
vesicles are seen to occur in rather definite zones, about 0.5 mm. apart,
the upper of any two zones being supported by the spines of the lower
one.
Remarks. —A second specimen of Cyphastrea,” which I believe should
be referred to the same species, differs in a few particulars from the
specimen just described. The differences are contained in the follow-
ing notes:
Corallum of somewhat deformed, ellipsoidal shape, with calices dis-
tributed over its entire surface. Length, 67.5 mm.; greater diameter,
55 mm.; lesser diameter, 54 mm.
Calicular margins practically level with the exothecal surface, or
slightly elevated above it, in one extreme instance een 1.3 mm. tall,
a Ci. Pp tte XX, ae 2 a tole XX, figs. 1, 3
v
No. 1526. CORALS FROM FRENCH SOMALILAND— VAUGHAN. 255
but about 0.5 mm. is an average. Diameter of calices from 1.5 to
2mm.; distance apart, from 1 to 2.5 mm., usually equaling or slightly
exceeding the diameter.
The septa usually form three complete cycles; primaries and sec-
ondaries of the same size, extending to and fusing by their inner ends
with the columella; the tertiaries are short and thin.
A comparison of the two descriptions shows that the only real
difference is the form. Since in all other characters they are identical,
or as each specimen shows within itself sufficient variation to overlap
with the other, I think that difference is not of specific value.
Kiunzinger” places ‘* Solenastrea forskalana M. Edw. and H.” in
the synonymy of JMJadrepora serailia Forskal, employing the name
Cyphastrea serailia. Doctor Gravier’s specimen agrees perfectly with
the description of Milne Edwards and Haime, and differs in no
important particular from the specimens described by Gardiner from
Hulule, but I do not feel at all sure that it is the same as Klunzinger’s
Cyphastrea serailia. It is to be regretted that Doctor von Maren-
zeller has not given us some notes on Forskal’s type and additional
information on the material studied by Klunzinger.
Genus APHRASTREA Milne Edwards and Haime.
APHRASTREA DEFORMIS (Lamarck).
1816. Astrea deformis LAMARCK, Hist. nat. Anim. sans Vert., II, p. 264.
1848. Aphrastrea deformis MitNe Epwarps and Haime, Ann. Sci. nat., 3 ser.,
LOOX) Pletx, es. LI Ta:
1849. Aphrastrea deformis MitNE Epwarps and Hate, Ann. Sci. nat., 3 ser.,
Zool., XII, p. 165.
1904. Aphrastrea deformis GARDINER, Madrepor., Maldive and Laccadive Archi-
jo@len 1k jee 7/0Gy jal aang ales, Sale
A single excellent specimen that shows no noteworthy peculiarity
was obtained.
Genus ECHINOPORA Lamarek.
ECHINOPORA EHRENBERGII Milne Edwards and Haime.
1849. Echinopora ehrenbergi MitNe Epwarps and Harmer, Ann. Sci. nat., 3 ser.,
Zool., XII, p. 187.
1879. Echinopora ehrenbergi KuuNzINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 56,
pie vigies: 7 9°" pl. x, figs 15.
A small, young specimen of Achinopora, attached to the base of a
specimen of Orbicella bottx, was collected at Djibouti. As the speci-
men is immature, its identification is not entirely positive, but it seems
to be LE. ehrenberg?.
@Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 52, pl. v, fig. 4; pl. x, figs. 12a, 126.
256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
Genus (RAW TEES: aimik:
FAVITES SPINOSA (Klunzinger).
1879. Prionastrea spinosa KiLUNzINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 39,
ple tyeetion 732 plex foro:
Two specimens showing no special deviation from Klunzinger’s
description or figures were collected.
Genus FAVIA OkKen.
FAVIA OKENI Milne Edwards and Haime.
1857. Havia okeni MitNE Epwarps and Haine, Hist. nat. Corall., I, p. 430.
1879. Favia cavernosa Kuunzincer, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 26, pl. 1,
fig. 4. (Not Forskal. )
1904. Faria cavernosa GARDINER, Madrepor., Maldive and Laccadive Archipel.,
Lf, p. 767, spl. uxt, fig. 13:
1906. Iavia okeni vy. MARENZELLER, Riffkorall. Roth. Meer., p. 59.
Von Marenzeller studied the type specimen of Forskal’s Jadrepora
cavernosa im Copenhagen and says that Klunzinger’s identification is
erroneous. Forskal’s species groups with /avia sawgnyt Milne
Edwards and Haime.
Doctor Gravier collected four specimens. They show considerable
variation, particularly in the thickness of the septa and costae, but a
detailed description seems superfluous.
FAVIA SAVIGNYI (Milne Edwards and Haime).
1849. Parastrea savignyi MitNE Epwarps and Haimr, Ann. Sci. nat., 3 ser.,
Zool., XII, p. 173.
1879. Favia clouei KLUNZINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 29.
1879. Favia ehrenbergi KuUCNzINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 29, pl. 1,
HS: 2D, aos Dla ix nos ale Ds
1904. Favia versipora GARDINER, Madrepor., Maldive and Laccadive Archipel.,
Il, p. 766.
1906. Favia sanignyt vy. MARENZELLER, Riffkorall. Rot. Meer., p. 56, pl. xxv,
figs. 84-89.
This species is represented by a suite of fifteen specimens that show
agreat amount of variation. Klunzinger and von Marenzeller, how-
ever, have described the variations of the species with such elaborate-
ness that I shall not deseribe this suite. Klunzinger’s figures, plate IT],
figs. 7, 8, represent these specimens very well; the calices of von
Marenzeller’s specimens are larger, judging by his figures. The
Gravier specimens otherwise show the same range of variation, except
Klunzinger’s variety /aticol/is is not represented,
en ees =
No. 1526. CORALS FROM FRENCH SOMALILAND— VAUGHAN. Dh
Genus GONIASTREA Milne Edwards and Haime.
GONIASTREA PECTINATA /( Ehrenberg ).
1834. Astrea pectinata EHRENBERG, Corallenth. Roth. Meer., p. 96.
1879. Goniastrexa pectinata KiuNzincer, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 34, pl.
Iv, fig. 6.
1904. Goniastrea pectinata GARDINER, Madrepor., Maldive and Laccadive Archi-
pel., I, p. 773.
Five specimens of this species were obtained. The calices, wall,
septa, pali, and columella have been sufficiently described by Klun-
zinger and Gardiner, but the corallum has received only scant atten-
tion; therefore, I furnish the following notes.
- The corallum forms subeylindrical masses with flattish upper sur-
faces, or is composed of large, truncate, ascending lobes.
The smallest specimen is a short,.compressed column, somewhat
swollen near its upper end, with a flattened upper surface. Greater
diameter of base, 9 cm.; lesser, 7 cm.; height, 7.5. cm.
A second specimen: Greater diameter of base, 8 cm.; lesser, about
7 cm.; height, 11.6 cm. This specimen increases considerably in
diameter with upward growth, having a diameter of LO.8 em. just
below its upper end.
Another specimen is 13 cm. tall; diameter of base about LO em. In
form, it is a somewhat compressed column, with a truncate upper end.
The next larger specimen is composed of several truncate lobes. It
has a greater basal diameter of 15 cm.; lesser, 6 cm.; height, 13 or 14
cm. Between the lobes the corallum is dead.
The largest specimen is composed of two large lobes, each of which
is secondarily lobate, with flattened upper surfaces. Greater diameter
ot the base, 24 em.; lesser, 10.5 (the outline of the base is dumb-bell
shaped); height, 18 cm.
Klunzinger says, “‘ Ehrenberg’s only specimen is convex, 6-8 cm.
long and tall.” Gardiner gives no information on the growth form of
his specimens.
GONIASTREA RETIFORMIS (Lamarck).
1816. Astrea retiformis LAMARCK, Hist. nat. Anim. sans Vert., II, p. 265.
1879. Goniastrea retiformis KLUNzINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 36,
pl. rv, fig. 5:
1904. Goniastrea retiformis GARDINER, Madrepor., Maldive and _ Laccadive
Archipel., II, p. 772.
One specimen, which requires no special notice, was obtained.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07 7
258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Genus MA ANDRA Oken.
MAANDRA PACHYCHILA Ehrenberg.
1834. Meandra ( Platygyra) labyrinthica var. pachychila EXRENBERG, Corallenth.
Roth. Meer., p. 99.
1879. Celoria pachychila KLUNzINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 15, pl. 1,
fig. 6.
Four specimens were collected.
MAANDRA LAMELLINA Ehrenberg.
1834. Meandra (Platygyra) lamellina EHRENBERG, Corallenth. Roth. Meer., p. 99.
1879. Celoria arabica KLuNzINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 17, pl. 1,.
figs. 1-3, 8; pl. 1x, figs. 10a-10e.
1902. Meandra lamellina Verriuy, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., XI, p. 69.
1906. Mexandra lamellina vy. MARENZELLER, Riffkorall. Rot. Meer., p. 55.
Asplendid suite of twenty-two specimens of this species was obtained,
but Klunzinger has described its variation in so much detail that I can
add practically nothing to what he has said.
Genus SCLEROPHYLLEMIA Klunzinger:
SCLEROPHYLLIA MARGARITICOLA Klunzinger.
1879. Sclerophyllia margariticola KLUNZINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 4,
jolle se, wake Tbze
This species is represented by three specimens, which, I think, should
be described.
Table of measurements.
ee = = — — — ———————————
| | Diameter of calice. | |
| Specimen. lise Height. Base. |
| Greater. | Lesser.c |
| ISRre eas | ar baa
| mm. mm. | mm.
NOR 2eeo Seka 29 25 15 | Broad.
INO 12 See Si ee ee 3l 28.5 13 Do.
NOs Bsosnoneseaucdaac 47 | be 47 | About 15 mm. in diameter.
« Measured to outer edges of the septa.
Two of these specimens are young, while the third is apparently
adult. Specimen No. 2 corresponds closely with Klunzinger’s descrip-
tion and the smaller specimen represented in his figure. The bases
of specimens Nos. 1 and 2 of the table are almost as wide as the calices,
and are attached to shells and various small objects. Epitheca extends
to the edge of the upbending of the wall. Specimen No. 3 is subcon-
ical. Its lower portion is badly corroded, and there is no epitheca
visible, but it may have been present and have been destroyed through
corrosion.
The wall is thick, and has costw that correspond to all septa and
vary in prominence with the size of the corallum. In the large speci-
men they are very prominent at the calicular edge, but become sub-
obsolete inferiorly; the largest 4.5 mm. tall, and 1.5 mm. thick, with
thick, obtuse lobes or spines, that in some instances are 3mm, long, on
No. 1526. CORALS FROM FRENCH SOMALILAND—VAUGHAN. 259
their edges. These largest cost correspond to the primaries and
secondaries; those corresponding to the higher cycles are thin and not
so tall.
There are between four and five cycles of septa; in the smaller spee-
imens the primaries are much thickened and there are some thickened
secondaries. In the larger, the first two cycles are nearly equal. The
septal margins become more exsert with increasing size; in the large
specimen the primaries and secondaries project as much as 9 mm.
above the edge of the wall; the higher cycles, less exsert. The strong
costal spines continue upward on the first two cycles to the summit of
the arch. The inner portion of the margins of these septa are with-
out coarse dentations, but possess very small dentations, visible only
with a lens. Near the columella there are one or two broad lobes,
the margins within these lobes falling almost perpendicularly to the
edge of the columella. The inner margins of the members of the
higher cycles are dentate, even lacerate. The first three cycles extend
to the columella; there is considerable grouping of the higher cycles
around the tertiaries. Both the septal and costal faces are minutely
granulate and decidedly rough.
The columella is well developed, elliptical in outline, flat above, and
composed of a mass of anastomosing, fine trabecule. It extends high
up in the calice, in places the edge of the wall actually being lower
than its upper surface.
Endothecal dissepiments present.
Genus GALAXEA OkKen.
GALAXEA, species.
A single specimen of Galaxea, attached to the same object, a piece of
dead coral overgrown with Serpulia, etc., as two specimens of /aoia
savigni Milne Edwards and Haime, was collected. The corallum is
partly dead and appears to be abnormal. It probably is a stunted and
deformed specimen of Galavea fascicularis (uinneus).
The corallites are unequal in size, elliptical in cross-section. The
maximum diameter of a calice, measured between thecal summits,
5.25 mm.; distance between calices from 2 to 4 mm.; height of coral-
lites, measured to top of theca, 4.5 to 6.5 mm.; septal margins exsert,
as much as 4 mm. Cost only slightly developed. In the largest
calices there are three complete cycles of septa, with an occasional
quaternary.
Without-a considerable suite of specimens for comparison, I doubt
if this specimen can be identified.
260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXXII.
Genus SIDERASTREA de Blainville.
SIDERASTREA SAVIGNYANA (Milne Edwards and Haime).
1857. Astraea savignyana Mitne Epwarps and Haine, Hist. nat. Corall., I,
p- 508.
1879. Siderastrea savignyana KLUNZINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 77.
One somewhat depressed head, 15 em. in diameter and 8.5 cm. thick,
was collected. The specimen is typical.
Genus COSCINARAA Milne-Edwards and Haime.
COSCINARAEA MONILE (Forskal).
Plate X XIII, figs. 1, 2; plate XXIV, figs. 1, 2, 3.
1775. Madrepora monile ForskAL, Descript. Animal. quae in itin. orient. observy.,
p. 133.
1878. Coscinarwa monile KLuUNzINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 79, pl. 1x,
fig. 4; pl. x, figs, 17a and 17).
1890. Coscinarea meandrina ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., L, p. 297.
1906. Coscinarea monile v. MARENZELLER, Riffkorall. Rot. Meer., p. 64, pl. xxrv,
fig. 83.
Two specimens, one a young corallum attached to the base of S7der-
astrea savignyand, the other a small head 81 mm. in diameter and 60
mm. thick, were obtained. They agree precisely with the descriptions
and figures of Klunzinger and von Marenzeller, the latter of whom
has redescribed and figured Forskal’s type.
As I think new figures desirable, they are herewith presented.
Genus FUNGIA Lamarek.
I have followed Professor Déderlein’s Die Korallengattung Fungia
in determining these species. Reference is made only to his memoir.
FUNGIA (CYCLOSERIS) PATELLA (Ellis and Solender),
1902. Fungia patella DipERLEIN, Korallengat. Fungia, p: 65; pls. 4, 15 ple v, figs. 5 2:
Twelve specimens.
FUNGIA (CYCLOSERIS) CYCLOLITES (Lamarck. )
1902. Fungiacyclolites DipeRLEIN, Korallengat. Fungia, p. 77, pl. rv, figs. 7-9; pl. v.
figs. 5, da.
One specimen.
FUNGIA PLANA Studer.
1902. Fungia plana DépERLEIN, Korallengat. Fungia, p. 111, pl. x1, figs. 2-5.
Eleven specimens.
Several of these specimens show interesting variation. Six of them
are actually, or almost, typical /” plana,- in four the coste are
decidedly thin, and those intermediate between the tall ones have
finely dentate edges; the intermediate cost of ‘one specimen are to
No. 1526. CORALS FROM FRENCH SOMALILAND—VAUGNAN. B61
the naked eye entire, but a lens reveals microscopic dentations. The
specimens evidently are a connected series. They have suggested to
me that Déderlein’s /. Adunzingert may prove to be a variation
of /. plana. This, however, must be taken merely as a suggestion,
and not as an opinion, for the specimens studied do not warrant a
conclusion.
FUNGIA CONCINNA Verrill.
1902. Fungia concinna DipERLEIN, Korallengat. Fungia, p. 115, pl. xm, figs. 1-3;
pi. xi1t, fig. 4.
Three specimens, furnishing the following measurements:
ite~ = 5 |
In plane| Trans- |
| Specimen. of oral | verse to | Height.
axis. | oral axis.
}
i lies) eae mm.
oI Ee 8 SRA 2 oes Po Ss ee LoS | GUS) og 79
| NOsWosseSsesenqouduee cacomsecespe5 | 1K), | 107.5 | 36
INOS Be eee aee ae eee mses old 91.5 | 98. | 48
The bases are concave, in No. 1, 49 mm. deep; in No. 2, 18.5 mm.;
in No. 3, 28.5 mm. «
These specimens have puzzled me exceedingly. As the smaller cost
are without spines, they appear to belong to the /. danac group;
microscopic costal dentations and granulations, however, are present,
making it most probable that they should group with /? repanda.
The corallum base is imperforate; principal coste and those next in
size, thin, prominent, with slender, irregularly shaped, rough spines.
Septa thin, unequal, with coarse, irregular dentations, 3 to 10 to the
centimeter. Upper dental margins usuaily truncate; incisions between
the teeth acute. The specimens are not typical, but I believe they
must be referred to Verrill’s /” concinna.
FUNGIA FUNGITES (Linnzus).
1902. Fungia fungites D6pERLEIN, Korallengat. Fungia, p. 156, pls. xx—xxy.
Sixteen specimens.
Two variations are represented: 1. Corallum thin, near the margin
9 mm.; coste thin, with small spines; septal margins finely dentate.
2. Corallum thicker, near the margin 16.5 mm.; cost thicker with
coarser spines; septal margins coarsely dentate. In the first form,
the corallum is flat; in the second, arched above, with a concave base.
The two forms represent the extremes of the series, a more detailed
description seems superfluous.
FUNGIA ECHINATA (Pallas).
1902. Fungia echinata D6ODERLEIN, Korallengat. Fungia, p. 101, pl. x, figs. 1-!
a) |
Two specimens.
962 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
Genus HERPETOLIT ERASE schscholtz:
HERPETOLITHA FOLIOSA (Ehrenberg).
1879. Herpetolitha foliosa KLUNZINGER, Korallth. Roth. Meer., Pt. 3, p. 68, pl. vim,
figs. 4, 5.
Six specimens, four of which show distinct detachment scars. I
have already called attention to this phenomenon in my Critical Re-
view of the Literature on the Simple Genera of the Madreporaria
Fungide, with a Tentative Classification.“
Genus ASTREOPORA de Blainville.
ASTREOPORA EHRENBERGII Bernard.
1896. Astreopora ehrenbergii BERNARD, The Genus Astczeopora, Brit. Mus. Cat.
Madrepor., II, p. 92, pl. xxx1u, fig. 15.
One specimen.
Genus GONIOPORA Quoy and Gaimard.
GONIOPORA SOMALIENSIS, new species.
Plate XXV; plate XX VII, fig. 1.
Corallum forming an undulated lamina attached by a portion of one
side, the free edge broadly lobate. Extreme width, 89 mm.; width in
sinus between lobes, 35 mm.; width along lobe, 62 mm.; greatest thick-
ness, 10mm. The margin is acute or obtusely rounded. The upper
surface covered with calices; the lower, invested to the margin by a
minutely, concentrically striate epitheca.
Calices of moderate size, from 2.5 to 4.5 mm. in diameter, usually
about 3.5 mm.; polygonal, very shallow or superficial. Walls thin,
poorly developed, reinforced by peripherally disposed synapticula.
Septal formula complete, that is, twenty-four in number, with typi-
cal gonioporid arrangement. Pali present before the primaries and
secondaries, rather irregular in development; moderately prominent,
consisting of separate granules, or those before a triplet and the pri-
mary joining its inner end, fused laterally. Usually there are two
rough dentations between a palus and the mural denticle. Interseptal
loculi narrow but open. The columella tangle extends outward
beyond the pali; it is large, often with a tendency to compactness.
Type.—One specimen, one piece of which is in the Muséum @ Histoire
Naturelle, Paris, the other in the United States National Museum.
Remarks.—Bernard, in his work on Gondopora, describes three forms
that are similar to the one under discussion, namely: G. Barrier Reef
(12) 1; G. North-West Australia (6) 2; G. North-West Australia (6) 3.
The last one seems the nearest; it differs by having a closely encrust-
@Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VIII, 1905, p. 380, footnote.
No. 1526. CORALS FROM FRENCH SOMALILAND—VAUGHAN. 2638
ing corallum. As Bernard attaches no specific names to the forms
described by him, the one here proposed will stand, even if it should
be synonymous with one of his.
GONIOPORA DJIBOUTIENSIS, new species.
Plate XX VI; Plate XX VII, fig. 2.
4
Corallum rounded on the upper surface, transverse outline irregu-
lar, somewhat reniform; corallites rising from a small base, diverging
upward, new corallites appearing in the angle between the older ones.
The basal portion through a distance of from 44 to about 75 mm.,
depending upon where measured, is dead, and the epitheca, should it
once have been present, has been eroded away. The edge of the liv-
ing portion in places slightly projects downward over the dead portion,
in other places it is flush with the dead. The projecting living edge
is supported by epitheca; that part of the living portion flush with
the dead is margined by epitheca. The epitheca is irregularly and
finely wrinkled.
Dimensions of the corallum: Height, 104 mm.; greater transverse
diameter, 131 mm.; lesser, 29 to 75 mm.
Calices subpolygonal or circular in outline; shallow, superficial to
1.5 mm. deep; fully grown ones, 5 to 5.5 mm. in diameter. The walls
have a rough upper surface, about 1 mm. across, formed by the outer
ends of septa.
Septal formula complete, 24 septa, with the typical gonioporid
arrangement. Interseptal loculi open, in width equaling or slightly
exceeding the thickness of the septa. Septal faces roughly granulate;
margins with several dentations corresponding to inwardly inclined,
ascending trabecule. About six pali in the superficial calices; indis-
tinct or absent in the deeper ones.
Columella tangle large, more than half the diameter of the calice,
extending outward to the inner ends:of the tertiary septa; composed
of concentrically arranged synapticula and fused inner ends of the
septa; upper surface roughly spinulose.
Type.—Muséum dWHistoire Naturelle, Paris; a piece in the United
States National Museum.
GONIOPORA STOKESI Milne-Edwards and Haime.
Plate eNOxe Ven hesh 12:
1860. Goniopora stokesi M1tnr Epwarps, Hist. nat. Corall., III, p. 192.
Corallum forming masses that are hemispherical or domed above;
base epithecate, flat, concentrically corrugated, concave, or, in the
largest specimen obtained, truncate and inversely conical. The living
portion is hemispherical or domed.
264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXIl.
Table of measurements.
| Base. Corallum. |
| | el
} Specimen. Diameter. Diameter. |
| t———- | ___—__——__—_| Height.
| Greater. | Lesser. | Greater. | Lesser. |
mim, mun. mm. mm. nim. |
INOS Becerra aes 60.5 | 38 | 61 59 Be
[AUN 2) ee, area eae) See 49 46 59 59 | 59 |
Ie INO: Ole ge eeiaee ech eer 53 53 65 | 58 ol |
INOS Aree se eee oeee 83 78 92 87 | 64
INOS Do egacksoosdosuc 128 | 115 147 | 14 168
|
—————— oor ee
a Base truncate, inversely conical, 97 mm. tall.
The young corallum is small, later corallites appearing in the angles
between the older, the peripherally placed ones bending outward from
the vertical axis.
Calices polygonal or subcircular in outline; decidedly deep, from
2.5 to 5mm. or slightly more, shallower near the periphery, deeper
on the top. Diameter on smaller specimens about 5 mm., on the
largest 7 mm. Walls tall, range in thickness from dividing mem-
branes to 1.25 mm., the septa continue upward to the summit as
ridges, and have numerous perforations between them. The corners
between the calices thickened.
The septal formula complete, 24 septa, with the typical gonioporid
arrangement. Interseptal loculi open, wider than the thickness of
the septa, short, because of the great development of the columella
tangle. Septal faces granulate, but not strikingly rough. There
are no distinctly developed pali.
Columella tangle greatly developed, in some instances almost filling
the corallite cavity, composed of centrically arranged synapticula and
interlacing septal ends, upper surface flattish or somewhat domed,
with fine spinulations.
Remarks.—This coral should be compared with Bernard’s Gondopora
Java Sea (4) l and Gondopora xa‘
GONIOPORA PLANULATA (Ehrenberg).
1834. Astrea planulata EHRENBERG, Corallenth. Roth. Meer., p. 95.
1879. Goniopora planulata KuuNzincer, Korallth. Roth. Meer.,-Pt. 2, p. 45, pl.
vill, fig. 23; pl. v, fig. 24.
1903. Goniopora Red Sea (6) 1 BrrNarp, Genus Goniopora, Brit. Mus. Cat.
Madrepor., IV, p. 100, pl. vin, figs. 1, 2; pl. xm, fig. 12.
It is unnecessary to redescribe this species, as it has been so fully
considered by Klunzinger and Bernard. Doctor Gravier obtained
two specimens, one a young corallum, the other large and composed
of three incrassate lobes.
No, 1526. CORALS FROM FRENCH SOMALILAND— VAUGHAN.
265
Gs
Fig.
Fia.
Fic.
Iie
is
»
oO.
=
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PLatE XVII.
Physogyra somaliensis, new species, natural size..............-...--- p. 250
Puate XVIII.
LUXOR TREO VA Dy ANON NO Se A Oe ae a eee ee p- 251
Upper surface of corallum, natural size.
Tangential section, showing septa and dissepiments, x 4.
Puatr XIX.
Cyphastrea forskaliana (Milne Edwards and Haime), natural size... p. 253
PEATE XUX:
Calices of Cyphastrea forskaliana (Milne Edwards and Haime) x 4.... p. 253
Calices of Cyphastrea forskaliana (Milne Edwards and Haime), x 4 .. p. 254
Calices of Orbicella annuligera (Milne Edwards and Haime), x 4 .__-- p. 252
PLATE XX.
Orbicella annuligera (Milne Edwards and Haime), natural size ....-- p. 252
PuaTE XXII.
Cyphastrea forskaliana (Milne Edwards and Haime), natural size... p. 254
Cyphastrea forskaliana (Milne Edwards and Haime), longitudinal section of
CONUS ppkad rs ets nee ee heme eaten OSS ee NS ek p. 253
Cyphastrea forskaliana (Milne Edwards and Haime), longitudinal section of
eorallites; x 4222..% Abb dhuc decusse gabon SSeS eee ae eee p. 254
Orbicella annuligera (Milne Edwards and Haime), longitudinal section of
Gorell Ges examen ere geen epee ever ee ce td oo 2 a ee p. 252
PLaTE XXIII.
(Coscinaneanmorilen (HONS kcal) eet eee Mea se ee ee p- 260
Corallum, natural size.
Calices, x 5.
PuaTe XXIV.
(QOSCUNONTERO: THUG TUUE (O8 ONAN) Sas Be ee oe ee ee p. 260
All figures, x 4.
Tangential section of corallite, showing synapticula.
Cross section of corallites.
Face of septum, showing trabecule, perforations, and dissepiments.
PuaTe XXV.
Ben ee : : A ; ~
Goniopora somaliensis, new species, natural size ...........---------- p. 262
PLATE XOX VI.
Goniopora djiboutiensis, new species, natural size .........-22-.------ p. 263
266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Prate XXVII.
Fic. 1. Gomopora somalieinss, new species, calices, X 4.............--------- p. 262
2. Goniopora djiboutiensis, new species, calices, x 4.___........_...--..- p- 263
PLATE XXVIII.
hrq. 1. Corallum, of Goniopora stokesi (Milne Edwardsand Haime), natural size. p. 263
2. Calices, x 4.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XVII
EAST AFRICAN CORALS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 265.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XVIII
EAST AFRICAN CORALS.
FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 265.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XIX
EAST AFRICAN CORALS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 265.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XX
EAST AFRICAN CORALS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 265.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XXI
East AFRICAN CORALS.
.~< les. VS ee ee ee Se ee re ee, ea eT Sm ee So ae
PL. XXIl
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
a
i
ita
LPT | A
EAST AFRICAN CORALS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 265.
Ca Te. ~
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XXIII
~ =
ota
ot ee
a
f
a Su
East AFRICAN CORALS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 265,
-
PL. XXIV
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
EAST AFRICAN CORALS.
OF PLATE SEE PAGE 265.
FOR EXPLANATION
ome
oo) eet)
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XXV
East AFRICAN CORALS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 265,
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XXVI
East AFRICAN-CORALS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 265.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XXVII
ee. Bull. U.S, Fish. Comm. for 1899, p. 298.
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXXII—No. 1529.
976 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
Summary of collections made in 1905.
| | | |
Date. | Number | condition of material.| “ °~ iden- | © minus. Food notes.
of hosts. tale.
Uy 2A eee It || Movawoyeno tN Oho Ae soe dis sete oooneasfocnoccesosese Empty.
July 27s ses- Mle de Sc GO eee ee [esos Perce eae 100 | Pebbles.
August 4...- Lol! Wah ViO B. eate re eters eel eta ole teteeicer | Many. | Empty
August 7.... lle eeatevere Gow aoe-sleeee sense da 55° Do.
| August 8..-.| 1 iba ig acte Where Cenc Ol eee ae Do.
August 9.... PF RIVA shoe xo sate eee eel soem 20 Do.
August 10...) 1! Tnitormalimeess- 2 =.- 2 | Few. Do.
August 12... Os (Meir Pitan eee eee ee Fewinone | 12ineach. | Amphipod and _ oto-
host only. | _lith of squeteague.
August 17---| 1 Informalin..........-|-------.----- 17 | Empty.
August 18-.. eae Ss Gorka eee Few. Few. Do.
| August 18...| LO ea GOR ees ee 4 8 | Otoliths of fish.
August 19... 1 eee Ora 2 ee saa- eles 1 Ssscetenassee | Empty
| August 22. ..| Anal eee dome ate oe as Few. | Few. | Do.
| August 26-..| 1s |MLLyan gee ee= LOOMS cules ee tere cine 8 | Do.
| | \
CALYPTROBOTHRIUM OCCIDENTALE Linton.
Calyptrobothrium occidentale Lixron, (part) Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1899, pp.
298-299, pl. xut, figs. 94, 95, 97.
Head with thickened axial portion, bluntly rounded in front; both-
ria four, in pairs, the anterior end of each a relatively large horseshoe-
shaped sucker, and sessile,
the posterior end auriculate
and free. Neck continuous
with axial portion of head,
retaining dimensions of
head, exclusive of bothria,
for a short distance, then
diminishing slightly. Entire
strobile nearly linear; seg-
ments begin remote from
f Xf a We \ head, at first much shorter
\ . | oe af than broad, later becoming
\ Bel : moe / squarish, finally nearly cir-
‘eg S ee ~ cular and separating easily;
E : és : free segments usually a little
longer than broad, with
rounded extremities; none
certainly seen with ripe ova.
Neck and body crossed by
Fig. 1.—CALYPTROBOTHRIUM OccIDENTALE, -Scorex: DInute ~ transverse lines
SKETCH MADE FROM SPECIMEN IN GLYCERIN. ACTUAL which make a serrate outline
DIAMETER OF HEAD 1.35 MM.
on the margins.
Leneth often as much as 250 mm., breadth 2 mm. In a mounted
specimen the diameter of the head is 1.35 mm., and the breadth of the
neck 1.12 mm,
NO. 1529. NOTES ON CALYPTROBOTHRIUM—LINTON. OT
Considerable variation was noted in anatomical details of the several
segments which were examined, but the general plan is much like that
shown in the segment sketched in fig. 2. The genital cloace are
irregularly alternate and are on the lateral margin near the middle of
the length of the segments. The cirrus lies posterior to the vagina
Fig. 2.—CALYPTROBOTHRIUM OCCIDENTALE. FREE SEGMENT; SKETCH MADE FROM SPECIMEN, STAINED
AND MOUNTED IN BALSAM. ACTUAL LENGTH 2.5 MM. d, GENITAL CLOACA; €, CIRRUS; 0, OVARY,
o. d., OVIDUCT; 8. g., SHELL GLAND; ft, TESTES; U, UTERUS; U, VAGINA; v. d., VAS DEFERNS; V. g., VITEL-
LINE GLAND.
and is relatively long and spinose. It was not seen everted in this
species, but it appears to agree closely with the same organ in C. i (NUS.
The testes are globular, numerous, and lie in the anterior half of the
segment along a median space equal to rather more than one-third of
the breadth of the segment.
ri
278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
In front of the cirrus pouch, and at first parallel with it, the vagina
extends anteriorly from the genital cloaca to about the median line of
the segment, thence back toward the posterior end. Behind the uterus
it becomes slightly convoluted, passes toward the opposite face between
the two lateral ovarian masses, where it was observed in some cases to
expand into a seminal receptacle. It appears to receive a short duct
from the ovary—then the common duct passes to one side of the shell
eland, which it enters at the posterior end. Just before entering the
shell gland the common duct appears to be joined by ducts from the
vitellaria. The shell gland lies between the posterior extremities of
the two lateral ovarian masses.
From the anterior end of the shell gland the slender oviduct passes
anteriorly, lying close beside the vagina, to open into the spacious
uterus at about the middle of the length of the latter organ. The
uterus lies between the anterior end of the ovary and the angle of the
vagina and its breadth in the maturest segments seen was equal to
nearly one-third the breadth of the segment. No ripe ova were seen in
any segments which were certainly from strobiles of this species. Ina
few cases small spherical bodies were seen in the uterus which appeared
to be unfertilized cells from the germarium. ‘The ovary lies near the
posterior end of the segment, and consists of two lateral masses on
either side of the median line, each of which is made up of a number
of small lobes. The vitellaria lie along the lateral margins from one
end of the segment to the other. Vitelline ducts were distinguished,
but their exact place of union with the duct leading from the seminal
receptacle to the shell gland was not seen either in sections or in entire
segments.
NOTES ON C. OCCIDENTALE MADE AT THE TIME OF COLLECTING.
August 7.—Of the 7 scoleces with strobiles the longest was 216 mm.,
the shortest 30 mm. Aggregate length 1,400 mm., average 200 mm.
Many free segments were found, also many still attached to the stro-
biles which separated easily from the chain. Most of these were
nearly circular in outline, with the diameter 1.5 mm.; a few were
slightly longer than broad, length 2 mm., breadth 1.5 mm. These
measurements were made on specimens killed in 70 per cent alcohol,
in which they shrink but very little. This is in marked contrast with
the behavior of the smaller form, C. m/nus, which contracts very much
when placed in alcohol.
August 10.—Length of strobiles, in formalin, 100 and 140 mm.
August 12.--Several were found in one only of the two torpedoes.
There were many free segments, some of which evidently belonged to
C. minus. In my notes I record the finding of fusiform ova in some
of the segments which I referred to C. occidentale. I have since
examined a number of these segments but have failed to find ova in
any segments which I could with certainty refer to this species.
\
No. 1529. NOTES ON CALYPTROBOTHRIUM—LINTON. 279
An abnormal segment was found in this lot which I have made the
subject of a special paper.”
This is a case of reduplication and reversal of parts. There are two
complete sets of genital organs. The two cloacal apertures are on the
same lateral margin. The ovaries are at opposite ends and_ the
testes make a central mass common to both components. The double
segment is 4 mm. in length and 2 mm. in breadth.
In this lot some of the
strobiles contracted in a re-
markable fashion, so as to
resemble specimens of turi-
ing as seen in table legs and
the like.
August 18.—Material in
formalin. One small speci-
men had contracted so as to
resemble the large form.
The free segments . re-
sembled (C. minus, the sco-
lex and fragments — re-
sembled C. occidentale. It
was the occurrence of phe-
nomena like these, observed
in the single lot of speci-
mens upon which the orig-
inal description of the spe-
cies was based, which led me
to regard the two forms as
varieties of the same species. Fig. 3.—CALYPTROBOTHRIUM MINUS. SCOLEX; SKETCH
August 1S.—Material in MADE FROM SPECIMEN MOUNTED IN BALSAM. ACTUAL
formalin. The four speci- DIAMETER OF NECK 0.22 MM. :
mens were in poor condition; one was quite flaccid and measured 410
mm. in length.
August 19.—The single large specimen was of a faint pink color.
August 22.—Several fragments were found, but no free segments.
One small specimen with thick neck, apparently a young scolex of this
species.
CALYPTROBOTHRIUM MINUS, new species.
Calyptrobothrium occidentale Lrxton (part), Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899,
pp. 298-299, pl. xt, figs. 92, 93, 96.
Head truncate, axial portion not conspicuously thickened; bothria
in pairs, prominent, very flexible in life, the anterior ends with the
relatively large sucker characteristic of the genus, the posterior ends
slender and tapering. Neck slender, much smaller than head, with
4 Biological Bulletin, NII, pp. 155-157, fig. 1.
280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
eee Tete
Fic. 4.—CALYPTROBOTHRIUM MINUS. FREE SEGMENTS IN COITU; SKETCHED FROM SPECIMEN STAINED
AND MOUNTED IN BALSAM. ACTUAL LENGTH OF LARGER SEGMENT 4.88 MM. ¢, CIRRUS OF SMALLER
SEGMENT RETRACTED; g, CIRRUS OF LARGER SEGMENT EVERTED AND INSERTED IN VAGINA OF
SMALLER SEGMENT; U, UTERUS FILLED WITH FUSIFORM OVA. FOR EXPLANATION OF OTHER LETTERS
SEE FIG. 2.
NO. 1529, NOTES ON CALYPTROBOTHRIUM—LINTON. ypoDt
conspicuous serrate outlines. The segments begin remote from the
head, at first much broader than long, later becoming squarish, then
longer than broad, ultimately pointed at both extremities, but particu-
>
gh
aI
| ae
CPPS I py 7 2 FP
Fic. 5.—CALYPTROBOTHRIUM MINUS. «@, CIRRUS EVERTED; b, DISTAL END OF SAME, MORE HIGHLY MAG-
NIFIED; SKETCHED FROM SPECIMEN IN SEA WATER FIXED OVER FLAME. SPERMATOZA ARE SEEN
ISSUING FROM APEX. ACTUAL DIAMETER OF BASAL BULB 0.3 MM., AT DISTAL END 0.06 MM.
larly at the posterior extremity. Free, ripe segments, considerably
larger, flattened, fusiform, with a mass of fusiform ova in the uterus.
282 PROCEEDINGS OF THI NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
The entire strobile has a tendency to become fusiform when placed
in the killing fluid, in which it contracts strongly.
The general plan of the anatomy of a mature segment is like that of
FIG. 6.—CALYPTRO-
BOTHRIUM MINUS.
OVA; SKETCHED
FROM LIFE. AC-
TUAL LENGTH OF
ONE 0.16 MM., DI-
AMETER 0.02 MM
C. occidentale. The vitellaria are proportionately less
voluminous and the lobes of the testes are, perhaps, rela-
tively larger. The cirrus, which was seen everted, is
provided with a basal bulb and is spinose. The shell
gland is placed a little farther back in relation to the
ovary than in (. occidentale, although this may be a
character incident to the greater maturity of the seg-
ments.
Maximum length 50 mm., breadth 0.5 mm.
Diameter of head of mounted specimen 0.6 mm., of
neck 0,22 mm.
NOTES ON C. MINUS, MADE AT THE TIME OF COL-
LECTING.
July 27.—Approximately 100 specimens were taken
from a spiral valve, which had been lying for two dys
in 5 per cent formalin.
While collecting these specimens from a dish of sea
water in which the material had been washed, a living
scolex was found by Mr. Carl D. Sawyer. The speci-
men was, without doubt, alive, and it remained living
and active for some minutes after my attention was
called toit. Fig. 7 is froma sketch made of this scolex
after it had come to rest. No other living specimens
were found in the dish. The length of a single both-
rium at rest was 0.7mm. I can not account for the
presence of this living scolex in the dish. It seems to
me incredible that it came from the intestine of the
torpedo, which had been in a jar of 5 per cent formalin
for two days.
August 4.—Many were found in the spiral valve.
The heads, as usual with this species, were, for the
most part, firmly embedded in the mucous membrane
of the host. Unless care is taken the heads may very
easily be lost. Many mature, free segments were found
in this lot, with the mass of ova showing as a dark
brown spot. The mature segments evidently increase
in size after separating from the strobile. The pos-
terior segments of the strobile separate easily while
Shey are still much smaller than the ripe segments.
The posterior portion of a strobile with maturing segments is usually
moniliform.
The last segment is often tapering at its posterior end.
There is some variation in the size of the fusiform ova; the largest
were about 0.17 mm. in length and 0.017 mm. in diameter.
No. 1529. NOTES ON CALYPTROBOTHRIUM—LINTON. Zoe
One strobile, which measured 42 mm. in sea water shrunk to 24 mim.
in 70 per cent alcohol, and another shrunk from 50mm. to 30 mm.
August 7.—This torpedo was taken at Menemsha Bight on August 3,
and kept in the aquarium until the 6th, when the spiral valve was
removed and kept on ice until the 7th. The tapeworms were found
to be still alive and remained moderately active for some time in set
water. Placed in 70 per cent alcohol they
LT ON
mm. to 20 mm. and from 55 mm. to 30 mm.
August 7.—No scoleces nor strobiles fs &
were obtained, but a few minute, active
bodies were found in the spiral valyc
which looked like very small specimens
ot Scolex polymorphus until they were
examined with a
lens (fig.8). Upon
being magnified
they were seen
to be fragments
contracted strongly, for example, from 30
E
Fic. 7.—CALYPTROBOTHRIUM MINUS.
of the young? of YOUNG SCOLEX; SKETCH MADE FROM
ya te this species. The eae ACTUAL LENGTH OF BOTHRIUM
geet * es anterior end for
i » a (E. not quite half the length was armed with
Ver eo bB minute bristles; the posterior end, for a little
pa Be more than half the length, with minute serra-
i) tions. The length was about 0.8 mm., the
; ¥ breadth 0.28 mm. One was seen with the
rudiments of reproductive organs.
August 9.—Free, ripe segments were found
with this lot.
August 10.—A large number of ripe seg-
ments were found in this lot.
August 12.--About 12 strobiles of this spe-
cies were found in each of the two torpedoes
with an enormous number of free and ripe
Fie. 8.—Catyrrroroturium seoments. The latter were most abundant in
MINUS. FRAGMENT OF STRO- a 65 =
bile YOUNG: skErcuEp rrom the torpedo in which none of the larger spe-
na eer 08MM; cies (C. occideniale) were found. The free
seoments are capable of making progressive
movements, during which the anterior end is elongated so as to
resemble the neck of certain distomes. ‘The resemblance is heightened
by the almost constant presence of a rounded knob at the anterior end.
The surface of the joint is slightly roughened by very minute serra-
tions which project posteriorly, so that the spasmodic contractions of
the body, aided by a kind of flowing peristalsis, constantly propel the
segment forward. I did not observe the anterior end acting asa sucker,
984 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
August 17.—About 17 strobiles of this species and two small nema-
todes were obtained from the torpedo which was examined on this
date.
August 18.—One of the torpedoes had a few free segments which
resembled this species; the other had eight strobiles, which, however,
were not in good condition.
August 22.—A few of each species were found, but no free seements.
August 26.—About eight scoleces were taken from a torpedo
which had been kept in the aquarium over two weeks and had died on
the evening of the 25th. The worms, which were very slender, were
stil] active. No ripe segments were found.
THE DECTICINA (A GROUP OF ORTHOPTERA) OF
NORTH AMERICA.
By ANDREW NELSON CAUDELL.
Custodian of Orthoptera, U.S. National Museum.
The Decticine are a group of locustians which are readily differen-
tiated by their appearance from all other Orthoptera, except certain
Stenopelmatinz. The presence of wings will usually serve to distin-
guish them from the Stenopelmatine,”“ though they are generally
small, especially in the female, where they are sometimes even absent.
The presence of two long-winged genera breaks into the otherwise
compactness of the group, making its exact definition more difficult.
The members of this group are widely distributed over the country,
but are more numerous in the South and West. Asa rule the species
are local or very rare, but the members of two genera, Anabrus and
Peranabrus, especially the former, occur in incalculable numbers,
doing immense damage to cultivated crops. While most of our
Decticine are probably primarily herbivorous, there is little doubt
that many, very likely most, of them are at times carnivorous. The
cannibalism of Anabrus and Peranabrus is well authenticated, and
members of other genera are known to eat other insects as well as
individuals of their own kind.
The life histories of the members of this interesting group are not
well known. Such facts as are known regarding the habits and
development of the species are given under the discussion of the
yarious forms in this paper. Many of the species are probably noc-
turnal or crepuscular in habit, though certain species of some genera,
Anabrus, Atlanticus, etc., are active during the day.
The natural haunts of most of the forms seem to be in grassy fields
or in open woods, where they hop about in exposed positions, in
striking contrast to the habits of Ceuthophdlus and other stenopelmatid
forms, which live secluded lives in caves, hollow trees, ete.
« Cyphoderris is the only winged genus of the Stenopelmatinie found in our United
States fauna, though in other regions a number of winged genera occur.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXXII—No. 1530.
285
286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
While most of the Decticine are winged, two genera, Capnobotes
and Anoplodusa, have organs of flight sufficiently developed for flying.
In most cases the wings are aborted, and the elytra, while usually
larger than the wings, are useless for purposes of flight, though in the
case of the males of some species they are admirably adapted to the
production of sound, the tympanum being extremely well developed.
Aside from the species of Anabrus and Peranabrus, which have been
variously called western cricket, mormon-cricket, coulee-cricket, ete.,
the members of this group have received few popular names. Ina
broad sense they have been called Jerusalem crickets. The name
‘amel cricket, so far as known to the writer, is not applied to members
of this group, being used only for the wingless stenopelmatid genus
Ceuthophilus. Yn northern Europe certain common species of Decti-
cine are known as ‘‘ wart-eaters” by the peasants, who cause them to
bite off warts, the belief being that warts thus injured will return
no more.
In the preparation of this paper I have studied specimens of all the
species. Besides the material of the U.S. National Museum I have
examined that in the Scudder collection, the collections of the
Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, of the American Museum
of Natural History in New York, ef the Museum of the Institute of
Arts and Sciences in Brooklyn, New York, and the material in the
collections of the agricultural experiment stations of Colorado and
Washington. In addition to the foregoing material the private col-
lections of Profs. Laurence Bruner, A. P. Morse, and W. 8. Blatchley
were examined. Probably the most valuable collection studied was
that of Dr. S. H. Seudder, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Several
weeks were spent examining this famous collection, access to it and
facilities for its study having been accorded me by Mr. Samuel
Henshaw, curator in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Without
access to this collection a satisfactory revision of the Decticinee would
scarcely have been possible, and for the privilege of examining it I
am grateful to those concerned. Especial thanks are due Professor
Bruner, who, in addition to allowing me free and unrestricted access
to his rich coilection, presented the National Museum with many
desirable specimens, some rare, others unique.
The Decticine, as represented in North America, are defined as
follows:
Tarsi more or less depressed, the first two segments longitudinally
suleate laterally; anterior tibie with a slit-like foramina near the base
on each side and with an apical spine on the outer side above; anterior
cox spined. Antenne inserted between the eyes, nearer the summit
of the occiput than the upper margin of the labrum. Posterior tarsus
with a free plantula at the base of the first joint. Organs of flight,
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 287
except In Capnobotes and Anoplodusa, aborted or shorter than the
abdomen.
The possession of a free plantula below the base of the posterior
tarsus is usually a conspicuous character (fig. 1 p.), but in some forms
it is not so obvious, though always distinct. In many genera there is
visible between the cerci of the male, below or by the side of the
supraanal plate, two paired organs, usually more or less compressed.
These are called supragenital-or infracercal-plates. They are generally
obscure or wholly invisible, being hidden beneath the last abdominal
segment, but sometimes they are more prominent than the cerci, as
in Aglaothorar and Neduba.
The cerci of the male are usually of various shapes and usually
furnished with teeth, furnishing good synoptic characters, but in a
few genera they are simple, like those of the females. The last
abdominal segment of the males is often of various shapes. As used
here the last abdominal segment means the apical portion only, not
the whole segment.
We have twenty genera of Decticine in North America. Most of
the described species have been characterized by
Dr. Scudder, and the genera put in tabular form by
the same author.“ His classification is based par-
tially upon the armature of the anterior tibiw, a
character which I find most unreliable. .This char- ''6-1-—S!DE view or A
FOOT SHOWING THE
acter is less used in the classifications of Herman? © pranrura (p) BELow
and Brunner.° THE FIRST TARSAL SEG-
In the definition of species I find that the cerci of von
the male furnish valuable characters. For the differentiation of the
genera I have constructed a table based on somewhat artificial charac-
ters. Many writers maintain that a table must represent the natural
sequence of the subjects treated and sacrifice the question of function
ability to that end. I believe, however, that the primary use of a table
is to enable one to correctly place the genera or species discussed, and
that the natural sequence should be otherwise indicated. The follow-
ing generic key is therefore recognitional rather than natural, but I
hope will serve the practical purpose intended, that of making easy
the identification of the genera.
KEY TO THE GENERA OF NORTH AMERICAN DECTICIN®.
.
1. Wings short, rarely longer than the pronotum and often, especially in the female,
PUCUMECHLAT YEO Wal tno es ase etd Aeon see et Soe 3
Wings fully developed, extending far beyond the tip of the abdomen in both
SOS ae A OES Oe eye Cie rn Ee RSI a rae ee cae ea eg 2
2. Prosternum armed with a pair of spines; posterior femoraarmed below on apical
aki with several, dIStIMNCYSPINGS..2<. 4-26 052-002.0-ce2bs oe Capnobotes, p. 310
Prosternum unarmed; posterior femora unarmed below... .--. {noplodusa, p. 318
“Guide Orth. N. A. (1897). » Die Decticiden, 1874. Rev. Syst. Orth., 1893.
288
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
9
oO.
aT)
10.
10;
12.
14.
OS TS ero ever eA yet ae ea yo eA NG Oe ST TS 4
Prostermuninarmre dl) 22 S02 es ee ea sre eee een es ene ip a 12
Lateral carinze of pronotum prescnt, sharp and distinct._._-....2-....-.1.-.- 5
ba |
Lateral carinze of pronotum not indicated or very blunt and obscure. -_-.-----
Posterior tibiee armed below with two apical spines; ovipositor curved upward._ 6
Posterior tibize armed below with four apical spines; ovipositor straight, except
rarely: in -Al pachymensa ne) one cee s eae eae eee {ilanticus, p. 320
Lateral carinee of the pronotum behind the point of convergence nearly straight
or but little bowed outward, causing the disk of the metazone to be trapezi-
form, the widest part far behind the middle.--.-.-....-.....- Neduba, p. 295
Lateral carinze of the pronotum behind the point of convergence strongly bowed
outward, causing the disk of the metazona to be of a more or less elongate
oval form, the widest part not so far behind the middle. --.Aglaothoraz, p. 290
Posterior femora long, much more than twice as long as the pronotum, extend-
ing much beyond the tip of the abdomen; pronotum without indications of
lateral carinze; ovipositor of female, where known, curved upward..------ 8
Posterior femora short, no more than twice as long as the pronotum, not or
scarcely extending beyond the tip of the abdomen; pronotum with obscure,
blunt lateral carinze on the posterior third; ovipositor curved downward.
Apote, p. 327
Pronotum posteriorly more or less elevated, saddle shaped; elytra of the male
longer than ‘the’ promotums = 22 seeps = ne ree ean rte eg 9
Pronotum straight above, not saddle shaped; elytra of the male less than one-
nailitive lene tlyrot ihre spor. oy c ttre eee te ee es ae ee 11
Posterior tibiz armed below with two apical spines; elytra of the male much
swollen apically broadly. round cde == see ee eee Neobarrettia, p. 302
Posterior tibize armed below with four apical spines; elytra of the male but little
swollen; apically martowly rounded: ems Sepa a es ras eee eee 10
Elytra of the male with the tympanum occupying more than one-half the length
of the elytra beyond the pronotum; lateral lobes of the pronotum about as long
as high: vertex sereatly compressed sano skys aie ea ee eee Rhenia, p. 305
Elytra of the male with the tympanum occupying less than one-half the length
of the elytra beyond the pronotum; lateral lobes of the pronotum about twice
as long as high; vertex but little compressed.---..------- Zacycloptera, p. 808
Prosternal spines distinct; pronotum, except in S. stevensoni, ateloploides, and
Orumend. mn Oren thas Srna ewer rae eT ot Las eye Stipator, p. 339
Prosternal spinesindistinct or wholly obsolete, rarely sharply triangular; pronotum
82mm orlessim denoth seeecesscstoces ore ee ee eee Evremopedes, p. 330
Pronotum without indications of lateral carinze on the anterior half or indicated
only by color: i242. Seige ce ost t sonst ee ese See eee oe eee 13
Pronotum with persistent lateral carinee except sometimes on the anterior
fourth@s :o2 sooo ee eet oe SE ices eee eee 18
Posterior femora, except of young specimens, less than twice as long as the
PrOnotuie: 2 ..c soa coe eS eS See a Since eee eee er ee ae 14
Posterior femora more, usually much more, than twice as long as the
PPTON OCU Mc eS es) Ae Ascites Cees mest dy ee ee re 15
Pronotal disk smooth; anterior tibize armed above on both margins; cerci of the
male apically fureate, the lower branch long and sharp, fig. 47..Anabrus, p. 351
Pronotal disk rough, scabrous; anterior tibize armed above on the outer margin
only; cerci of the male apically expanded but not furcate, the inner corner
fz
short: fig: 51s cna ogee, . Sa Sera ee ee fe Peranabrus, p. 362
aThe Mexiean Idiontatus subcarinatus has the lateral carinze dull but distinct.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. | 289
15.
ie
18.
20.
bo
ee)
Lateral lobes of the pronotum not well developed (figs. 54, 56); anterior tibice
of the female rarely with more than one dorsal spine .....--- Ateloplus, p. 368
Lateral lobes of the pronotum well developed (fig. 60, etc.); anterior tibive of
Hovmcexesnwithmnoresnan one dorsalespinessssesss-sss sees ese ns ses. 16
Elytra of the female not projecting beyond the pronotum, of the male rarely
projecting one-half the length of the pronotum ..........-..------------ iG
Elytra of the female projecting somewhat beyond the pronotum, of the male
projecting one-half or more than one-half the length of the pronotum.
Idiostatus, p. 8
Size large, pronotum 12 mm. or more in length; pronotum with distinct lateral
and median earine on the posterior half; posterior femora less than two and
one-half times as long as the pronotum; ovipositor curved lightly upward.
oa
)
io
Anabrus, p. 351
Size smaller, pronotum 8 mm. or less in length; pronotum without carine: on
the posterior half; posterior femora more than two and one-half times as long
as the pronotum; ovipositor usually more noticeably curved upward.
Eremopedes, p. 330
Posterior femora short, less than twice as long as the pronotum--...-.-.---- 19
Posterior femora long, twice or more, usually much more than twice as long as
LG ROMO WUE eet s neers Oe ee areata c eS ey Oa tela es nae e Se Soe Nee aera Ss 21
Pronotum posteriorly truncate, the lateral carinze dull, straight, posteriorly some-
(ae OLIN SV ERE Nias op SS ee a ee ee eee Peranabrus, p. 362
Pronotum posteriorly rounded, the lateral carinee sharp, curved outward mesi-
BELG 2 ps Ra aS es se ee ed oR ch eR tect Pee ne oe 20
Posterior tibize with two apical spines beneath; pronotum with low but persis-
tent median carina; posterior femora much swollen basally, there more than
(iNNGD ys) lONRORKG! BIS ChonerMlhy soe she o oa saoooeesue secHeeaoSee: {glaothorax, p. 290
Posterior tibive with four apical spines below; pronotum with the median carina
distinct only posteriorly; posterior femora less swollen basally, there less than
nwicerastoroadsasiapicalllivess snes asa nee arene re aoe Plagiostira gillettei; p. 392
Posterior tibie: with two apical spines below; pronotum as in figs. 2 and 4.
Aglaothorax diabolicus, p. 294
Posterior tibize with four apical spines below; pronotum notas in figs. 2 and 4.. 22
Lateral lobes of the pronotum declivent, slightly so in Ste/rovys; posterior femora
three or more times as long as the pronotum, much swollen in the basal halt;
OwlpPOsiton curved. upwards of stralght.-e fs. 2) 24.522 2s5s.c82-%2 ese esee oe 24
Lateral lobes of the prothorax perpendicular, or almost so; posterior femora little
if any more than twice as long as.the pronotum.--....-..:.--2...---6--2: 23
Posterior femora very little swollen in the basal half; ovipositor curved down-
VELL Gap nme a ee paneer eRe Fae) Me ye je cy Saat a cist TUNES Plagiostira, p. 388
Posterior femorze conspicuously swollen in the basal half; ovipositor curved up-
VELL meee eter ae nesieee Sere TCT) eM Ear ne. Fgh Vivek ape ae Platycleis, p. 403
Lateral carinze of the pronotum bowed inward in the anterior half, posteriorly
divergent, the disk of the pronotum considerably broader behind than at the
middle of the anterior half (fig. 79); median carina scarcely indicated even pos-
CENTO Glivgerre se eae rcyae rae auton NRE, Mee ae ce Sead Idionotus, p. 3894
Lateral carinee of the pronotum parallel, or nearly so, sometime slightly conver-
gent in the anterior fifth (fig. 83), the disk little broader behind than else-
where; median carina distinct and percurrent................-..--.------ 25
Elytra well developed, overlapping above and projecting about one-half. the
feng inyorethe! pronotunminwotht sexess.22 5% j225.02 5.2. 5224 2 ocseee oe ose 26
Elytra of the female forming slightly projecting lateral pads, widely separated
CIOOUS SE ARAL UE Brat RD eee ee eS
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07——19
Sees tase coer aes Steiroxys, p. 404
290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
26. Pronotal disk narrow, the lateral lobes strongly declivent; lateral carinze dis-
Hine tlyconvercembaribernro tli (ioc) ee ae eee Clinopleura, p. 898
Pronotal disk broad, the lateral lobes less declivent; lateral carinee subparallel.
Platycleis, p. 403
In the following treatment. I have made little attempt at arranging
the genera in a natural order, contenting myself with keeping Veo-
harrettia, Neduba, wd Aglaothorax together, by reason of their group
affinities, and having the genera with the prosternum unarmed follow-
ing those with the prosternum armed.
AGLAOTHORAX, new genus.
Tropizaspis ScuDDER, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XX XV, 1899, pp. 83, 87
(part ).—Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., I, 1906, p. 191 (part).
Description.—Head moderate in size; eyes rounded, small, not very
prominent; vertex scarcely a third as broad as the interocular space.
Prosternum armed with moderately long spines, with very short spines
or wholly unarmed. Pronotum nearly flat above, being but a little
higher in the middle, and with low but persistent median carina; lat-
eral carine scarcely indicated on the anterior fifth, from that point
.backwards distinct and roundly bowed outwards, making the pronotal
disk hroadly ovate (fig. 2), behind semicircularly rounded, the ante-
rior margin truncate; lateral lobes well developed, nearly perpendic-
ular, much longer than high, the posterior margin scarcely sinuate.
Oreans of flight aborted in the female, developed but nct, or scarcely,
projecting beyond the pronotum in the male. Legs short and stout,
posterior femora less than twice as long as the pronotum, except in
one species, and much swollen in the basal half; anterior tibixe armed
above on the outer margin with an apical spine and dorsally, opposite
the end of the hearing organ, with another small spine, the latter some-
times absent: inner margin of the anterior tibie unarmed or witha
single apical spine; posterior tibie with but two apical spurs beneath,
the plantula moderately large and well developed. Supraanal plate
concealed in both sexes, being covered by the unusually expanded and
extended anal segment; subgenital plate broad, apically more narrowly
rounded in the female, that of the male furnished with a pair of small
apical styles, usually very inconspicuous; the miale has a pair of more
or less flattened organs lying between the supraanal and subgenital
plates, which are termed supragenital or infracercal plates; cerci of
both sexes simple, conical; ovipositor shorter than the posterior femora,
curved strongly upwards.
Ty pe.— Tropizaspis ovata Scudder.
This genus, known as yet only in the western part of the United
States, is distinguished from Veduba, to which it is allied, by the broad
oval thorax and the short posterior femore of most of the species. The
general appearance of the members of the two genera are very differ-
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 291
ent and little difficulty will be found in their separation. 1. d/abolica
Scudder has the long posterior femora of Weduba, but the form
of the pronotum and the general appearance serve to locate it in this
genus.
The armature of the prosternum in this genus is very variable, indi-
viduals of the same species varying from unarmed to quite noticeably
spined, the spines always, however, short and blunt. Most of the
specimens studied have the prosternum unarmed, very few being notice-
ably spined.
Three species of this genus are known, They may be separated by
the following table:
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AGLAOTHORAX.
A.—Posterior femora of female less than two times as long as the pronotum, of male
little more than one and one-half times as long; ovipositor more pointed,
apically armed with several, about two dozen, acute teeth. [Adult female of
A. ovatus unknown. |
B.—Last abdominal] segment of the male triangular, apically rounded; cerci scarcely
longer than the basal width; infracercal plates large, together broader than
the last abdominal segment, the portion beyond that segment two or more
binaestacelonoras lOTOad dee ee rae eer ee Fee Pig eee are Ie ovatus, p. 291
B’.—Last abdominal segment of the male quadangular, apically truncate; cerci
two or more times as long as the basal width; infracercal plates smaller,
together not as broad as the last abdominal segment, the portion beyond
that segment about as long as broad.....--...-...--..---- castaneus, p. 293
A’.—Posterior femora of female, male unknown, more than twice as long as the
pronotum; ovipositor less pointed, armed at the tip with a few, about one
Clovazin,, lollibuoncereinONrs| «453-8 4b sed o nS. oe eee eek diabolicus, p. 294
AGLAOTHORAX OVATUS Scudder,
Tropizaspis ovata ScuppER, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XXXV, 1899, pp. 83,
84; Cat. Orth. U. S., 1900, p. 77—Woopworrn, Bull. No. 142, Calif. Exp.
Station, 1902, p. 15.—Krrpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 191.
Description.—Male, adult female unknown. Head of medium size,
well inserted into the pronotum; vertex about one-fourth as broad as
the interocular space, apically shallowly cleft; front flat, very little
convex. Eyes small, round, moderately prominent, and dark brown
incolor. Antennz much longer than the body, the basal segment about
as broad as one of the eyes. Pronotum excessively large and posteriorly
produced far over the base of the abdomen, covering the wings; lateral
lobes well developed, nearly vertical, twice as long as high, the pos-
terior border scarcely sinuate; lateral carinze sharp, except near the
anterior border, from which point they curve gradually outward,
making the disk an oblong oval, semicircularly rounded behind and
truncate before, the disk very gently convex with very obscure but
persistent median carina. Prosternum unarmed or armed with mod-
erately distinct spines, rarely at all sharp or conspicuous. Abdomen
scarcely longer than the pronotum and much narrower, except in young
292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
specimens, strongly compressed and carinate above; cerci of both sexes
simple, conical, apically pointed, about as long as the basal width; last
abdominal segment of the male apically broadly rounded; subgenital
plate apically subtruncate, the styles very small and generally scarcely
noticeable; infracercal plates large and long (fig. 3), extending half their
length beyond the last abdominal segment, deeply and broadly sulcate
on the inner side and armed at the apex on the lower margin with a short,
hard, sharp tooth, rarely visible from above. Ovipositor, of a half-
grown nymph, the only one seen, about two-thirds as broad as the
interocular space and curved gently upward, scarcely longer than the
pronotum and apically unarmed. Elytra developed as broad bulbous,
strongly convex pads, not projecting beyond the pronotum, but plainly
visible, forming a large tympanum. Lees short and moderately stout;
anterior coxal spines sharp; fore and middle femora moderately long,
2 3
FIGs. 2-3.—AGLAOTHORAX OVATUS. 2, ADULTMALE. 3, TIP OF ABDOMEN; C, CERCUS; 7. p., INFRACERCA]
PLATE.
nearly as long or somewhat longer than the greatest width of the pro-
notal disk, below unarmed or armed with a few minute spines; pos-
terior femora short, less than two times as long as the pronotum and
the basal half, or a little more, strongly swollen, being three or more
times as broad there as the apical portion, armed on both margins below
with a few small stout spines; all the femora armed above on the basal
portion with a few small apically directed spines or sharp tubercles.
Anterior tibiz armed above on both sides with an apical spine, some-
times absent on the inner side, and on the dorsal surface usually with
another spine as described under the genus, below armed on both
margins with several spines; middle and hind tibiz longer than their
respective femora and armed above and below on both margins, the
former with several on both sides and the latter with many above and
avery few weak ones below, confined to the apical half.
OO ———
No, 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 295
Color brownish yellow with the borders of the pronotum and middle
portions of the posterior femora above mottled with black. Antenne
with the second segment, brown, the rest fuscous, with every fifth or
sixth segment light, toward the apex the light-colored ones becoming
‘more remote from each other and more or less obscured, in some
specimens the whole antenna being nearly uniformly fuscous. The
anterior and intermediate femora are sometimes more or less dis-
tinctly banded on the apical half with fuscous. Some specimens are
brown, but even here the black markings are easily seen.
Measurements.—Leneth, adult male, female in that stage unknown,
pronotum, 12-13 mm.; posterior femora, 17-19; posterior tibie, 18-20;
cerci, .75; greatest width, pronotal disk, 7-8.5; posterior femora, basal
portion, 3.75-4.25; apical portion, 1.25-1.5.
Type.—In the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts.
Specimens evamined.—Two adult males, Los Angeles County, Cali-
fornia, July, and one immature male, sume place, June; one immature
female, San Bernardino Mountains, June (Coquillett).
This species was described from a single male (fig. 2) from which the
greater part of the antenne was missing; this specimen, now in the
Seudder collection in Cambridge, Massachusetts, was taken by D. A.
Saunders in California, no definite locality given. I have examined the
tvpe.
The two immature specimens, male and female, in the National
Museum collection are darker, especially the male, than the adults, and
the pronotal disk even more rounded, the part posterior of the ante-
rior constriction being nearly or quite as broad as long.
Nothing is known of the habits of this species. Mr. Coquillett
thinks he took his specimens among rocks in a canyon.
AGLAOTHORAX CASTANEUS Scudder,
Tropizaspis castanea ScuppER, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XXXV, 1899, pp.
83, 84; Cat. Orth. U. S., 1900, p. 77.—Woopwortn, Bull. No. 142, Calif. Exp.
Station, 1902, p. 15.—Krrsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., I1, 1906, p. 191.
Description. —In general appearance this species is very like the pre-
ceding one, being colored practically the same, some dark brown and
others brownish yellow, as in ovatus. ‘The pronotal disk, however, has
the anterior constriction slightly more remote from the anterior mar-
gin (fig. 4). The most striking difference lies in the male genitalia.
Here the last abdominal segment is almost truncate, the lateral angles
sharp; cerci more elongate, being at least two times as long as the basal
width. Infracercal plates more depressed, together scarcely broader
than the last abdominal segment and the portion beyond that segment
but little longer than wide (fig. 5.) Subgenital plate nearly like that of
A. ova the styles usually even more inconspicuous.
294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
The fastigium of this species, as represented by a mature pair before
me, is deeply sulcate, but with the sulcus anteriorly closed, forming a
round pit, while in ovatus it is open to the end, making the vertex nar-
rowly cleft. The prosternum is unarmed in the two specimens before
me. Ovipositor of the adult quite strongly curved upward, nearly
as long as the posterior femora
and apically armed both above
and below with about two dozen
acute teeth.
The measurements of an adult
pair in the U.S. National Mu-
seum are as follows:
Measurements.—Length, pro-
notum, male, 13 mm.; female,
12.5; posterior femora, male, 19;
female, 23; posterior tibia, male,
19; female, 23; cerci, male, 1;
Fies. 4-5.—AGLAOTHORAX CASTANUS. 4, PRONATUM
OF MALE FROM ABOVE. 5, TIP OF "HE ABDOMEN
FROM ABOVE; (, CERCUS; 7. p, INFRACERCAL female, all: ovipositor, 20 mm.
PLATE. = .
: Greatest width, pronotum, male,
8; female, 8; posterior femora, basal part, male, 4.5; females, 5; apical
part, male, 1.25; female, 1.5.
Type.—In the Museum of Comparative Zoology; paratype, No.
10247, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—The U.S. National Museum contains a single
pair of this species, taken by Mr. Coquillett of Los Angeles County,
California, in July. The type was also examined.
AGLAOTHORAX DIABOLICUS Scudder.
Tropizaspis diabolica ScuppeER, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XX XV, 1899, pp.
84, 86; Cat. Orth. U.S., 1900, p. 77.—WoopwortH, Bull. No. 142, Cal. Exp.
Station, 1902, p. 15.—Kirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 191.
The original description of this species, of which only the female
sex is known, is here quoted in full.
Head moderately large, castaneo-testaceous, the fastigium slightly broader than
the basal joints of the antenne. Pronotum with rather feebly clepsydral disk, which
is considerably more than half as long again as broad, broadest but little behind the
middle of the metazona, and of nearly equal breadth throughout the posterior half
of the pronotum, the lateral carinze not elevated on the prozona, on the metazona a
little elevated but blunt; hind border margined, broadly rounded; median carina
feeble, subequal, pereurrent; the whole disk uniform castaneous, transversely pecti-
nate, feebly rugose posteriorly, the lateral lobes fusco-fuliginows on upper half,
castaneo-testaceous below. Legs luteo-testaceous, the fore and midle femora twice
banded with blackish fuscous, the hind femora coarsely and a little transversely
spotted above with blackish fuscous, much more than twice as long as the pronotum,
the basal portion unusually stout. Abdomen dull luteo-testaceous, faintly infuscated
in blotches laterally; ovipositor rather strongly curved, not narrowed in the middle
NO. 1530. THE DECTICINE OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 995
more than beyond, luteo-testaceous, a little infuscated in the apical half, nearly two-
thirds as long as the hind femora, the denticulations blunt, oblique, separated by
more than their own height.
Measurements.—Length of body, 25 mm.; pronotum, 10.5; breadth of same, 6;
leneth of hind femora, 25.5; ovipositor, 16.
One female. Monte Diablo, California, August, 1872.
Type.—In the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
In length of posterior femora this species is allied to the members
of the following genus, but in general appearance it is like Ag/aothorax
ovatus. Its nearest ally is probably A. castaneus. From that species,
however, it is readily separated by the long posterior femora and the
shorter and blunter ovipositor with its fewer and duller serrations.
The pronotum has a distinct transverse sulcus cutting off about one-
fifth of the anterior portion of the disk, not cutting the median carine
however. The fastigium is very narrowly sulcate, being cleft as in
ovatus. The cerci are seemingly a little more elongate than those of
the female of castaneus.
Specimens examined.—TVhis species is not represented in the collec-
tion of the U. S. National Museum, but I examined the type at Cam-
bridge. The posterior femora of the type specimen measured 5.5 mm.
across the basal part.
Genus NEDUBA Walker.
Neduba Waker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., II, 1869, p. 250.—Ktrpy, Syn. Cat.
Orth., I7,-1906, p. 194.
Arytropteris HERMANN, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XXIV, 1874, p. 204 (part).
Tropizaspis BRUNNER, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, X X XIII (2dser., XIII),
1893, p. 187 (invalid, no species included).—Scupprr, Can. Ent., X XVI,
1894, pp. 178, 180.—WoopworrnH, Bull. No. 142, Cal. Exp. Station, 1902,
p. 14.—Kuirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Description.—Kyes moderate, not prominent; vertex prominent,
narrow, one-third or less as broad as the interocular space. Proster-
num generally armed with two long sharp spines, but sometimes the
spines are short and blunt and some specimens may eventually be found
to have the prosternum wholly unarmed. Pronotum moderately large,
dorsally very little tectiform, the median carina percurrent, more or
less distinct; lateral carine sharp, percurrent, convergent in the ante-
rior third or fourth. Behind the point of convergence they are nearly
straightand strongly divergent, the disk posteriorly about twice as broad
as anteriorly and strongly produced, the hind border semicircularly
rounded, the anterior border truneate; vertical lobes well developed,
narrow below, very moderately inclined, the posterior border mod-
erately sinuate. Organs of flight aborted in the female; in the male
developed, but not projecting beyond the pronotal disk. Legs long
and stout; posterior femora more than twice as long as the pronotum
in both sexes and strongly swollen in the basal half; anterior tibive
296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
spined above on the outer margin with from one to three spines,
usually two, and on the inner margin with a single apical spine; pos-
terior tibie armed below with two apical spurs; plantula large and
distinct, as in the preceding genus. Supraanal plate concealed
beneath the last abdominal segment, which is broad in both sexes,
larger in the male; subgenital plate long and broad, more narrowly
rounded apically in the female; in the male furnished on each side
with a short apical style; cerci of both sexes simple, conical; oviposi-
tor noticeably shorter than the posterior femora and curved quite
strongly upward.
Type.— Neduba carinata Walker.
The males of this genus, like those of the preceding one, has a pair
of infracercal plates, figs. 7, 10, 11 1p. The last abdominal segment is
considerably distorted in many cabinet specimens.
We have three species of this genus—the type species and two new
ones herein described. These species and a varietal form of varinata
may be separated as follows:
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NEDUBA.
A. Last abdominal segment of the male with the outer apical corners angular;
infracercal plates very broad, the portion beyond the last abdominal segment
not or scarcely longer than broad and apically unarmed (figs. 7, 10).
B. Infracercal plates of the male together scarcely as broad as, or but little broader
than, the last abdominal segment (fig. 7); lateral carinze_of the pronotum in
the female not, or less noticeably, bowed outward behind the point of con-
striction (fig. 6); pronotal disk of neither sex longitudinally convex.
C. Pronotal disk unicolorous or longitudinally marked with black.
carinata, p. 296.
C’. Pronotal disk irregularly mottled with black.
carinata var. picturata, p. 299.
B’. Infracercal plates of the male together broader than the last abdominal seg-
ment (fig. 10); lateral carinve of the pronotum in the female distinctly
bowed outward behind the point of constriction (fig. 9); pronotal disk of
both sexes, especially the female, longitudinally quite noticeably convex.
carinata var. convera, p. 300.
A’. Last abdominal segment of the male with the outer apical corners rounded;
infracercal plates long and slender, the portion beyond the last abdominal
segment nearly three times as longas broad and armed on the inner side near
the apex withva small isha oto lis (ios il) eee er een morsel, p. 301.
NEDUBA CARINATA Waiker.
Neduba carinata WauKer, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., II, 1869, p. 251.—Krirey,
Syn. Cat. Orth., I1, 1906, p. 194.
Arytropteris steindachnerti HERMANN, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XXIV, 1874,
p. 204, pl. v1, figs. 98-102.
Tropizaspis stemdachneri ScuppER, Can. Ent., X XVI, 1894, pp. 180, 183; Proe.
Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XX XV, 1899, pp. 84, 86; Cat. Orth. U.S., 1900, p. 77.—
Woopworrn, Bull. No. 142, Cal. Exp. Station, 1902, p. 15.—Krrpy, Syn. *
Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINE OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 997
"Description. “Fiead Small, not anomie no broader than the front
of the pronotum into which it is inserted moderately deep; fastigium
about one-fourth as broad as the interocular space, quite prominent,
oval above, not sulcate, or very broadly and shallowy so. Eyes small,
nearly round, not prominent. Antennz long and slender, three times
or more longer than the body, the basal segment large, about as broad
as long and almost as large as one of the eyes. Pronotum (fig. 6) large
and aauietore much produced over the base of the abdomen, covering
the wings; lateral lobes shallow, rarely half as deep as long, posteriorly
distinctly sinuate; lateral carinee sharp and distinct, converging in the
anterior fifth and then diverging posteriorly, usually straight behind
the point of convergence but sometimes a little, or rarely considerably,
bowed outwards; median carina distinct and persistent but very slightly
elevated; pronotal disk inconspicuously ruggose, more distinctly so in
the male, transversely a little concave or, more usually, flat and slightly
tectiform, marked at the narrowest point with a faint transverse sulcus,
not however severing the median
carina; posterior margin broadly
rounded; front margin truncate.
Prosternum armed with two spines,
usually long and distinct but some-
times short and blunt. Wings
aborted in the female, in the male
the elytra form well developed,
strongly convex tympani, easily _ | _
3 Ss Figs. 6-7.—NEDUBA CARINATA. 6, PRONOTUM OF
seen but not projecting beyond the MALE FROM ABOVE. 7, TIP OF ABDOMEN OF THE
pronotal disk. Legs long and pS gee am i. p, INFRA-
slender, the posterior femora more See eee
than two times as long as the pronotum; all the femora unarmed below
but above there are a number of sharp, backwardly directed spines,
more numerous on the posterior eae anterior tibizw armed above
on the outer carina with two spines, one basal and one terminal, prob-
ably sometimes with a median spine also; on the inner margin the
anterior tibie generally bears a single apical spine and cnaniedl below
on both sides with seven or eight spines; intermediate tibize armed on
both margins above and below; posterior tibiwe also armed on both
margins above and below, above with about a dozen stout ones on each
margin and below with a few weak slender ones. Abdomen usually
somewhat compressed, normally about as wide as the pronotum, dis-
tinctly but slightly carinate above. Cerci of both sexes simple, round
and tapering toa sharp tip, about four times as long as the basal
breadth, often, at least in the female, five times as long; subgenital
plate apically narrowly rounded and unarmed in the female, in the
male apically truncate and armed with a pair of distinct but short
apical styles, the styles usually about two times as long as broad; last
LP.
298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
abdominal segment and infracercal plate of male shaped as shown in
fig. 7, the projecting portion of the latter scarcely longer than broad
and their combined width scarcely as great as that of the former.
Ovipositor short, rarely more than two-thirds as long as the posterior
femora, about as broad or considerably broader than the fastigium
and gently curved upward, the tip armed with a dozen or more sharp
elongate teeth on the upper margin and a lesser number below.
General color, light brownish, with darker mottlings, sometimes
uniformly yellowish; lateral lobes of the pronotum usually infuscated,
the disk unicolorous or marked with longitudinal dusky stripes; ante-
rior and intermediate tibixe and femora usually with one or two more
or less conspicuous broad black bands, besides other smaller mottlings;
posterior femora longitudinally infuscated on the outer face, some-
times with the color broken by three or four light spots; abdomen
almost always with a pair of broad dark-colored subdorsal stripes ex-
tending from the pronotum back across the basal half of the abdomen
and then deflexing toward the sides, where they meet an indefinite
area of infuscation that envelopes the sides of the apical portion of
the abdomen. Ovipositor brownish, usually about the same shade as
the ground color of the body.
Measurements.—Lenegth, pronotum, male, 9 mm.; female, 8.5—9.5;
posterior femora, male, 19, female, 20-22; ovipositor, 13-17; width
at widest point, pronotum, male, 6.5, female, 6.5; posterior femora,
basal part, male, 3.5, female, 44.25; apical part, male, 1, female, 1.12;
ovipositor, at middle point, 1.5-1.75 mm.
Type.—I\n the British museum in London.
Specimens examined.—The National Museum contains three adult
males, four females, and several nymphs. These are from Seattle,
Washington, Palo Alto, California, and Humboldt and Siskiyou coun-
ties, California. Also four females from Wellington, British Colum-
bia (Toylore). The Palo Alto specimen, one male, was taken in
November; an adult from Seattle was taken in August. The nymphs
were taken in March at Seattle and in June in Humboldt county,
California. I have also specimens taken at Eureka, California, and
nymphs taken at Sierra Madre, California, on May 30, 1906.
Iam indebted to Messrs. Kirby and Waterhouse for notes on and
drawings of the type of carinata. From a rough sketch sent the
pronotum is seen to be more bowed out posteriorly than usual, some-
thing as in WV. morse/.
This Pacific coast species is said to extend east to Texas. Seudder
mentions a specimen labeled as having been taken in Nebraska by
Suckley, but he thinks it wrongly labeled, as it is not elsewhere
recorded from that region, and Suckley also collected in the North-
west.
Carinata is the commonest species of the genus. The Scudder col-
NO. 1530. THE DECTICINZA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 999
lection contains nine males and seven females, some marked types, but
erroneously so.
Prof. A. P. Morse, who has taken this species in the west, says It is
found in deciduous woodlands and shrubbery, hopping about on the
carpet of fallen leaves, with which its coloration agrees. This is prob-
ably true of the other members of the genus. Some nymphs referred
with doubt to this species have the lateral carine of the pronotum
nearly parallel.
At Eureka, California, July 5, 1906, I took three adult males and
one female nymph. They were in just such a locality as described by
Morse. The males were stridulating and were quite numerous, being
heard in the grass along the road in open ground well removed from
woodland, even in the edge of town. The male commences to stridu-
late about dusk, or a little before, and the sound is similar to that
made by a person gritting the teeth together, but in a higher key,
The chirp is repeated from a few, three or more, to as many as about
thirty times, the largest number noted by me being twenty-nine, while
the fewest. when the insect was seemingly undisturbed, was three.
The rapidity of the beats was at the rate of about one hundred a
minute. The singer was usually found among dead leaves beneath
briars or shrubs. They do not leap readily, seeming to depend for
protection on their surroundings rather than by their activity. So well
do they harmonize with their surroundings that it is almost impossible
to discover them as long as they remain quiet. When their retreat is
beneath a bunch of briars, as is often the case, they are practically
safe from capture. I took the typical form and the var. pecturata
singing within a few yards of each other.
NEDUBA CARINATA var. PICTURATA Scudder.
Tropizaspis picturata Scupper, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., DORON USES, jo}
83, 85; Cat. Orth. U. 8., 1900, p. 77.—Krrsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., TI, 1906, p. 191.
Fic. 8.—NEDUBA CARINATA VAR. PICTURATA. ADULT FEMALE.
Description.—This is a mere color yariety of car/nata, differing
from the typical species only by having the pronotum irregularly mot-
tled above instead of unicolorous or longitudinally striped. Scudder
800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE'NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
characterized it as having the ovipositor narrowed mesially and nar-
rower than the fastigium. The types were examined and the char-
acters are, in my opinion, not specific. The thoracic mottling and the
slight mesial narrowing of the ovipositor are not correlated, and the
male genitalia, while somewhat shrunken, seem to be just as in typical
carinata.
Type.—In the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Specimens examined.—Vhe National Museum contains two adult
males, one female (fig. 8) and a nymph from Seattle, Washington;
one adult on September 20, the others without dates, and one female,
nymph from Humboldt County, California, June 9; also a male from
Eureka, California, July 5, 1906.
NEDUBA CARINATA var. CONVEXA, new variety.
Description.—Dittering from typical carinata in several particulars.
The size is somewhat greater as represented by the three specimens
before me and the color seems lighter. The pronotum of the only
female seen (fig. 9) Is more convex on the disk and is longitudinally
Fic. 9.—NEDUBA CARINATA VAR. CONVEXA. ADULT FEMALE.
more convex than in any other specimens seen, that of the male
seemingly more distinctly rugose than common in carinata. The
lateral carine of the pronotum of the female are more bowed outward
than in allied species, giving it a slight superficial resemblance to
members of the preceding genus. The median carina is about the
same as in car/nata. Prosternum armed with moderately long spines,
rather short in the male specimens. The ovipositor is longer than
usual in allied forms, but when a number of specimens are examined
it will probably be found to vary as it does in typical carénata. The
infracercal plates of the male, while shaped essentially as those of the
typical form, are apparently broader, their combined width being
generally greater than that of the last abdominal segment, probably
due, however, to the greater relaxation of the genital organs of the
specimens examined rather than to the actual width. Last abdominal
seoment of the male with the posteriolateral corners more produced
than in typical car/nata and the apical styles of the subgenital plate
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 301
of the male are usually shorter, being no longer than broad (fig. 10).
The anterior tibiwe are armed above on the outer margin with two
spines and on the inner margin with one apical spine. ‘The color of
the male is a light yellowish brown, the sides of the pronotum and por-
tions of the posterior femora more or less infuscated and all the legs
rather obscurely banded as in the typical form. The female has the
disk of the pronotum a uniformly yellowish
brown, the lateral lobes black with the lower
and hinder margins narrowly emarginate with
yellowish brown. The abdomen is colored as
in typical carénata and the antenne of both V4
sexes are banded as describe dunder that form. ey
Measurements.—Leneth, pronotum, male 9.5
mm., female 10.5; posterior femora, male 20, ' oe oe eae fea a
female 23; ovipositor, 20; width pronotum at — bomen or apuir MALE
widest point, male 7-7.5, female 7; posterior 9 ""°" **°"™
femora, basal part, male 3.75, female 5; apical part, male 1, female
1.5; ovipositor at middle, 1.5.
Types.—Cat. No. 10160 (male) U. S. National Museum and (female)
American Museum of Natural History, New York.
Specimens examined.—One male, Mount Shasta, California (Behrens,
collector), and onemale, one female, Napa County, California (Edwards,
collector).
This variety, of which the pair from Napa County, California, were
loaned me for study by William Beutenmiiller, of the American Museum
of Natural History, of New York, is quite distinctive in general appear-
ance. I have hesitated to call it a distinct species, though it may
eventually prove to be such.
NEDUBA MORSEI, new species.
Description.—In general appearance, both as to form and color, this
species is very similar to carinata. The pronotum is somewhat mot-
tled, as in car/nata picturata, and the lateral carine are slightly
bowed outward behind the point of greatest constriction. "The most
important characters, however, that serve to separate it from its ally,
carinata, lie in the male abdominal characters. Here the last abdom-
inal segment is apically rounded, instead of truncately sinuate as in
carinata, and the infracercal plates are long, slender, and internally
armed near the tip with a short spine or tooth; that part of the infra-
cercal plate projecting beyond the last abdominal segment is three
times as long as broad, instead of scarcely longer, as in the other forms
(fig. 11). The cereci are about two times as long as the basal width,
instead of three or four times as long. The anterior tibiz are armed
above on the outer margin with three spines.
302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 9 mm.; posterior femora, 16;
width of pronotum at widest point, 6.5; posterior femora on basal
haliizedsb: ‘
Zype.—Collection of A. P. Morse, Wellesley, Massachusetts.
Specimens examined.—One male, the type, Mount Wilson, Altadena,
California, July 27, A. P. Morse.
I take pleasure in naming this structurally distinct species in honor
of the collector, Prof. A. P. Morse, of Wellesley,
Massachusetts.
This is the specimen mentioned by Doctor
Scudder.“ While museum pests have done much
damage to the specimen, the most important charac-
oO a are Mon ew oouelcsae fortunately intact or not materially injured.
SEI. TIP OF ABDOMEN The three following genera are based on the
OF ADULT MALEFROM male sex only, the females of none of the species
ABOVE.
VA
being known.
NEO BARR Ed LAs kel.
Neobarrettia Rerun, Ent. News, XII (1901), p. 16.—Kirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II,
1906, p. 182.
Description.—Head medium ; eyes small. Thorax saddle-shaped,
posteriorly abruptly elevated, much more so than anteriorly, subtrun-
‘ate both before and behind and scarcely produced posteriorly.
Lateral lobes of the pronotum vertical, posterior border scarcely
sinuate ; lateral and median carine not indicated except on the elevated
posterior portion where they are present but very rounded. Pro-
sternum armed with a pair of long, sharp spines. Mesosternum also
armed with a stouter pair of spines. Wings apparently aborted, or
scarcely developed, the elytra almost twice as longs as the pronotum,
very broad and somewhat swollen, apically rounded, the transverse
vein of the tympanum very stout. Posterior femora more than three
times as long as the pronotum and much swollen on the basal half;
anterior tibiz armed above on the outer side only with three spines;
posterior tibiz armed below with but two spurs. Plantula very short,
not prominent. Supraanal plate scarcely visible beneath the last
abdominal segment, which is short and broad, mesially emarginate;
ceri broad and stout, about twice as broad as the basal width and
apically abruptly bent inwards, the tips forming a blunt, back tooth;
subgenital plate short and broad, with two triangular, pointed apical
styles.
Type.— Capnobotes imperfecta Rebn.
This genus, like the two preceding ones, is a member of Brunner’s
division Rhacoclees, distinguished by having but two apical spurs
below on the posterior tibie. Unlike Aglaothorax and Neduba how-
@Proc. Amer, Acad. Arts Sci., XX XV, 1899, p. 87.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 303
ever, the males are not furnished with conspicuous infra-cercal plates.
The elongate and somewhat swollen elytra and saddle-shaped thorax
easily distinguish this Mexican genus from its allies. There is but
one species, as follows:
NEOBARRETTIA IMPERFECTA (Rehn).
Capnobotes imperfectus Renn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX VII, 1900, p. 89.—
Krrpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 182.
Neobarrettia imperfectus Renn, Ent. News, XII, 1901, p. 16.
Description.—Head searcely broader than the anterior part of the
pronotum, into which it is quite deeply inserted; fastigium extremely
narrow, scarcely a fourth as broad as one of the eyes, no more than
a tenth as broad as the interocular space, above narrowly suleate; occi-
put smooth and roundly tumid, not elevated above the anterior edge
of the pronotum. Eyes small, nearly round, quite prominent. An-
tenne long and slender, the basal segments very large and broad,
Fic. 12.—NEOBARRETTIA IMPERFECTA. ADULT MALE.
irregular in shape, the fastigium crowded between them. Pronotum
saddle-shaped but not constricted at any point, scarcely noticeably
broadened behind; pronotal disk crossed at the middle of the anterior
and posterior halves by transverse sulci, the anterior one slight and
meeting the edge of the pronotum halfway down the lateral lobe and
the posterior one very broad and meeting the posterior margin of the
lateral lobes just before the humeral angle, which is broadly rounded.
The pronotum behind this posterior sulcus is abruptly and conspicu-
ously elevated and here furnished with rounded lateral and median
carine which are not present on the anterior part of the pronotum;
lateral lobes well developed, less than twice as long as deep and scarcely
sinuous behind; pronotal disk slightly emarginate both before and
behind. Prosternal spines long and sharp. mesosternal spines thicker.
Anterior coxal spines, somewhat recurved, sharp and strongly com-
pressed basally; posterior femora long and slender, strongly swollen
on the basal half, armed on both margins, beneath with short spines;
anterior and intermediate femora long, considerably longer than the
3804 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
pronotum, armed as the posterior femora; anterior tibia armed on the
outer margin above with three spines, unarmed on the inner margin;
all the tibie armed below on both margins with long spines, the
middle ones armed above with three or four spines on each mar-
gin and the posterior ones armed above on the apical two-thirds with
several spines on each margin. Wings not visible beneath the elytra,
which are very broad, nearly twice as long as the thorax and consid-
erably swollen in the middle, the lateral fields nearly vertical, the
main oblique vein of the tympanum very large and stout, the whole
transparent and reticulated with very stout veins. Abdomen plump,
cylindrical, not carinate above, extending well
beyond the tips of the elytra except in dried
specimens where it is much contracted. Cerci
(fig. 13) about two times as long as the basal
breadth, tapering to the apex, which is abruptly
Fie Wu de etd Sara mecinved inwards, forming a slightly recurved
imperFEcta. Tir or as- Smooth, hard, black tooth; subgenital plate short
DOMEN OF MALE FROM and broad, mesially notched and with a distinct
Sua median carina below; apical styles distinct in the
specimens examined, but are said to be sometimes absent. The color
is deseribed by Rehn as follows:
Head and pronotum dull lemon-yellow, washed above with wood-brown (faintly
in one individual), lightest below. Antennze wood-brown. A dull, dark brownish
line is continued back of the eye on the superior portion of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum. Central portion of the pronotum marked with four rather regular
blotches of blackish; the sloping lateral margin with a broad band of white. Elytra
green, external border lightest, darkest centrally. Abdomen rich wood-brown,
scrumbled with dull ochre, beneath pale yellowish. Femora pale yellowish green,
the posterior part infuscated in several specimens; extremities black in the posterior
pair. Tibize the same, washed above with a dull purplish brown. Tarsi blackish.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 5 mm.; elytra, 8.5; posterior
femora, 19; posterior tibia, 20; width, pronotum, in front, 4.5, behind,
5; posterior femora, basally, 3; apically, 1.
Type.—In the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; paratype,
No. 10161, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—The type, shown in fig. 12, a single male
taken by O. W. Barrett at Rio Cocula, Guerrero, Mexico, in Decem-
ber, 1898, was loaned to me for study by Rehn. Bruner has three
males, also taken by Barrett in Mexico, at Cocula and Igula in
Guerrero. One of these specimens, a paratype, has been presented
to the National Museum by Bruner.
The following facts relative to the life and habits of this interesting
insect are quoted from notes by the collector.“
aTrans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX VII, 1901, p. 229.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 805
The locality where the specimens were taken is the least known corner of Mexico—
hilly, with dried up vegetation during about one-half of the year. The species
seems to be cupuscular in habits. It was almost impossible to find a specimen
during the daytime, and I do not believe the males stridulate long after dark, for I
slept several nights in a tent in the ‘‘Chaparral’’ among them, and do not remem-
ber hearing them after dark. The shrubs which they inhabit are a compact grow-
ing species, affording a place of concealment by day, while their thick tops offer
unusual advantages for the roof-garden concerts of the stridulators at twilight. The
stridulation is feeble and not continued beyond a few seconds with a period of rest.
When captured they offer little or no defense, and their saltatory powers are small
and not willingly used.
REHNIA, new genus.
Description. —Male, female unknown. Head medium, slightly
broader than the anterior portion of the pronotum; eyes large and
prominent; vertex extending between the basal segments of the
antenne as a much compressed projection, distinctly separated, from
the face. Pronotum of medium size, moderately produced posteriorly
and the disk abruptly elevated behind as in the preceding genus; the
anterior and posterior margins of the pronotum are truncate or
broadly rounded; lateral lobes deep, nearly vertical, margins nearly
straight, humeral angle scarcely indicated; lateral carinze not indicated
except very slightly so on the posterior margin; median carina not
indicated. Prosternum armed with a pair of long sharp spines.
Organs of flight fairly well developed, nearly or quite two times as
long as the pronotum, the elytra apically narrowly rounded, tympanum
well developed, occupying one-half the length of the elytra. Legs
long and stout, the posterior femora about three and one-half times
as long as the pronotum and considerably but gradually swollen on
the basal half, the genicular spines sharp and prominent; posterior
tibiw a little longer than the corresponding femora and armed below
with four terminal spurs; plantula short; anterior tibize armed above
on the outer carina only with five spines. Subgenital plate moder-
ately broad and long, apically triangularly incised and with a pair of
short stout apical styles; supraanal plate triangular, nearly hidden;
last abdominal segment broad and short, roundly incised mesially;
cerci basally flattened, inwardly concave, the apex slender and incurved,
the upper portion of the flattened base slightly produced in the form
of an inner tooth.
Type.—Rehnia victorix, new species.
Superficially this genus bears some resemblance to Weobarrettia
Rehn, but structurally it is very different, in a natural classification
falling into a different section, the former genus belonging to the sec-
tion Rhacoclees and Rehn/a to the section Gampsoclees.
There are two species of this genus before me, the type from
Mexico and a second very distinct species supposedly from the United
States. These two species may be separated as follows:
Broce Nav. volxxxdi—0/——20
306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF REHNIA.
A. Spines of the legs inconspicuous, those of the posterior femora colored similarly
to the femora themselves; size smaller_.........-..---- aN ER victoriv, p. 306
A’. Spines of the legs large and conspicuous, those of the posterior femora piceous,
strongly contrasted with the color of the femora themselves; size large .-----
spinosa, p. 307
REHNIA VICTORIA, new species.
Description.—Male, female unknown.—Head deeply inserted into
the pronotum which is slightly flared anteriorly to receive it; inter-
ocular space three times as broad as one of the eyes; face broad
and flat, not strongly convex; eyes round and very prominent;
antenne long and slender, the basal two segments much enlarged.
Pronotum smooth and dorsally evenly rounded, the posterior margin
very slightly but abruptly elevated, where the lateral carinz are very
obscurely indicated; anterior and posterior margins of the pronotal
Fic. 11.—REHNIA VICTORIXZ. ADULT MALE.
disk subtruneate or very gently rounded; prosternal spines moder-
ately long, slender, and very sharp. Elytra a little longer than the
wings, not quite two times as long as the pronotum. Legs long and
quite stout, all the femora armed below on both margins for nearly
the entire length with stout triangular spines; posterior and inter-
mediate tibiz spined above and below on both margins, those of the
former shorter than the tibial depth those of the latter equal to or
greater than the tibial depth; anterior tibize armed below on both
margins with spines longer than the tibial depth, above on the outer
margin only with five spines about as long as the tibial depth.
Abdomen plump, rounded, without dorsal carina; cerci but little longer
than the last abdominal segment (fig. 15), the slender apical portion
produced as a long incurved tooth; terminal styles of the subgenital
plate about three times as long as the basal breadth.
General color green; head paler on the face, the two first segments
of the antenne pale green, the rest reddish brown; eyes reddish brown;
of the lateral lobes quite conspicuously margined with creamy white;
elytra tinged above, especially along the lateral margins of the tym-
panum, with brown; abdomen shaded with
light brown; spines of the legs tipped with
black.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 7.25
mm.; elytra, 12.5; posterior femora, 26;
width, pronotum,on the hinder portion of 5,4 15 —Reanta victontx.. Tir
the disk, 4; posterior femora at broadest OF ABDOMEN OF MALE FROM
point, 3.5. sae
Type.—Cat. No. 10162 U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—One male, the type (tig. 14), Victoria, Guer-
rero, Mexico. O. W. Barrett, collector.
This interesting insect bears quite an obvious resemblance to the
Neobarrettia imperfecta of Rehn, but the larger and more pointed
elytra and larger size will readily serve to distinguish it from that
species.
REHNIA SPINOSA, new species.
Description.—Male, female unknown. Structurally very closely
allied to victorix, but bears scarcely any resemblance to that species.
Fic. 16.—REHNIA SPINOSA. ADULT MALE.
The eyes are even more prominent than in ectorie and the head is
proportionately broader, being broader than the anteriorly flared
pronotum, which is shaped as described under the preceding species,
but considerably more elevated posteriorly and anteriorly. Proster-
nal spines slightly longer than in victorée, but the armature of the
legs and the formation of the wings and abdomen are as described
under that species. The cerci are, however, longer and less incurved
apically (fig. 17).
General color uniformly yellow; eyes brownish yellow; tympanum
of the elytra dark brown, and the spines of all the femora are wholly
black, and those of the tibiv: are black at the base and apex, the middle
part yellowish; pronotum margined anteriorly with a fine line of
black and on the anterior border and along the posterior margin of
303 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
the lateral lobes with creamy white; meso-and metapleura each with
an elongate white spot.
Measurements.—Leneth, pronotum, 10 mm.; elytra, 21; posterior
femora, 36; width, pronotum at the hinder
part of the disk, 6.5; posterior femora at
widest point, 5.
Type.—Cat. No. 10163, U. 5. National
Museum.
Specimens examined.—One male, the type
(fig. 16), Texas.
Fic. 17.—REHNIA SPINOSA. TIP This large yellow species with the conspic-
von mows. uous black spines is a very noticeable insect.
The piceous spines on the yellow femora
serve to impart to it a very spinose appearance, quite different from
any other of our native forms. Bruner, who kindly presented this
curious creature to the National Museum, is authority for the above
habitat, the specimen itself being without label of any sort. But he
expresses himself as being very positive of the locality. It is very
surely an introduced species, probably coming from Mexico or Central
America.
ZACYCLOPTERA, new genus.
Description. —Male, female unknown. Head moderate; eyes
medium in size, prominent; vertex not prominent, narrow, scarcely
as broad as the basal segment of the antenne, about one-fifth as
broad as the interocular space. Pronotum large, produced posteriorly
over the base of the abdomen; lateral lobes considerably inclined,
about twice as long as high, rounded below, posteriorly broadly
sinuate; disk rounded, slightly elevated on the posterior fourth,
anteriorly truncate, posteriorly broadly rounded; lateral caring indi-
‘ated on the posterior fourth by rounded shoulders, anteriorly repre-
sented only by a light-colored stripe; median carina not indicated.
Prosternum armed with a pair of short spines. Wings and elytra of
equal length, projecting beyond the pronotum a little more than the
pronotal length; wings exceedingly broad, decidedly broader than
long and uniformly piceous; elytra apically narrowly rounded, the
tympanum occupying about one-third the length of the elytra beyond
the pronotum. Legs long and slender; posterior femora more than
twice as long as the pronotum and very little swollen on the basal half,
armed below on both margins with a few very small sharp spines;
posterior tibize armed below with four apical spurs; anterior tibie
armed above on the outer carina only with three spines. Tip of the
abdomen much shrivelled in the only specimen seen, but the supraanal
plate seems obscure and the last abdominal segment is long and deeply
and narrowly cleft; cerci short, about twice as long as the basal width
and apically depressed and formed into two teeth, directed inward and
a little downward.
No, 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 809
Type.— Lacycloptera atripennis, new species.
This is a very distinct genus. It is apparently the most nearly
related to the preceding one, but does not resemble that genus in any
way. The legs are longer and more slender than common in this
group.
But one species is known, the type. from Nevada. It is described
as follows:
ZACYCLOPTERA ATRIPENNIS, new species.
Description.—Male, female unknown. Head slightly broader than
the anterior portion of the pronotum, into which it is moderately well
inserted; vertex very short and narrow, but not compressed, scarcely
Fig. 18.—ZACYCLOPTERA ATRIPENNIS. ADULT MALE.
half as broad as one of the eyes; eyes rounded, moderate in size, and
very prominent, being semiglobular. Antenne slender, the basal seg-
ment about half as broad as one of the eyes, being a little broader
than the vertex as viewed from in front. Pronotum and wings as
described under the genus. Legs long, the pos-
terior femora but little swollen basally, shaped as
in the genus Plagiostira. All the femora are
sparsely spinose below on both margins, the spines
usually little more than acute tubercles. Abdo-
men mostly, at least in dried specimens; nearly
Pete oe) ei 2 -CCONC ‘aled beneath the ample wings; cerci short
atripensis. Trp or and broad, the depressed tip formed into two acute
aN en 6 «cmwardly directed teeth, the tips slightly decurved
(fig. 19).
General color a very light brown, nearly white, except the elytra
and top of the pronotum, which are brown, and the wings, which are
uniformly piceous. The upper portion of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum is brown, and separated from the brownish disk by a mod-
erately broad pallid streak, less distinct posteriorly. These pallid
streaks approach slightly in the middle, giving the pronotum some-
what the appearance of possessing lateral carine. The eyes are
brown and the top of the head and the tibie are slightly embrowned,
the tarsi and abdomen more so.
310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 9% mm.; elytra, 11; posterior
femora, 21; width, pronotum, across metazone, 6; posterior femora, at
widest point, 3; at narrowest point, 1.5.
Type.—Cat. No. 10164, U. 5. National Museum.
Specimens examined—One male, the type (fig. 18), Hawthorne,
Nevada, June (Wickham). ;
This interesting insect, donated to the National Museum by Profes-
sor Bruner, is very peculiar in the posterior femora being but compar-
atively little swollen basally and by the round, coal-black wings. In
both these respects it isallied to the members of the genus /agzostira,
but the armed prosternum and non-carinate pronotum prove it to be
not at all allied to that genus.
CAPNOBOTES Seudder.
Capnobotes ScuppER, Can. Ent.; X XIX, 1897, pp. 73, 74; Guide N. A. Orth.,
1897, p. 55; Cat. Orth, U. S., 1900, p. 76.—CockErRELL, The Ent., XXX VII,
1904, pp. 178-181.—Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 181.
Description.—Head moderately large, eyes of medium size, hemis-
pherical; vertex prominent, narrow, about one-half as broad as one eye.
Prosternum armed with a pair of sharp spines; mesosternum and
metasternum with the angles spinelike, those of the mesosternum
especially often forming well-developed spines, though blunter than
those of the prosternum. Pronotum of moderate size, considerably
produced backward over the base of the wings; disk flat behind, in
front convex, posterior margin rounded, anterior margin truncate;
lateral carinx subparallel, distinct only on the hinder portion; median
carina absent; lateral lobes well developed, nearly as deep as long,
almost vertical, the posterior margin sinuate, the humeral angle dis-
tinct; lower border straight, slightly oblique. Wings and elytra both
present and well developed, longer than the body in both sexes; elytr
long and slender, those of the male furnished with an oval transparent
spot on the right tympanum, the corresponding spot of the left tym-
panum opaque; wines long and broad, rapidly tapering apically. Legs
moderately slender; posterior femora about four times as long as the
pronotum, considerably swollen on the basal half and armed below with
a number of small spines; tibizx of approximately the same length as the
corresponding femora, the anterior ones armed above on both margins or
only on the outer, the number of spines variable, below armed on both
margins, sometimes scarcely so on the outer margin. Subgenital plate
apically triangularly forked, the branches carinate below and termi-
nating in the male with a pair of cylindrical styles; supraanal plate con-
cealed beneath the last abdominal segment, which projects backward
as two long processes, being furcate nearly to the base; cerei long,
subcylindical, simple in the female, in the male toothed on the inner
w0, 1530. THE DECTICIN.E OF NORTH AMERICA—C. {UDELL fi ole
side near the tip; ‘ovipositor ‘somewhat shorter than, or about as long
as, the posterior femora, curved slightly downward.
Bini ».— Locusta fuliginosa Thomas.
This genus is closely allied to the lone- winged forms of the old
world genus Dyrmadusa, but the more slender posterior femora, nar-
rower tegmina, more slender form, and the presence of distinct lateral
‘arinee on the posterior portion of the pronotum will serve to sepa-
rate it from that genus.
The species of Capnobotes are probably all nocturnal, living among
low, stunted vegetation. The notes given under C. occidentalis will
probably be found to be true of all the species of the genus.
Three species and two varieties of Capnobotes are recognized and
may be separated by the following table:
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CAPNOBOTES.
A. Elytra marked along the disk with oblique light-colored spots and apically
broad, 5 mm. from the tip being distinctly more than one-half as broad as at
the broadest point (fig. 20).
B. Larger. Wings deeply fuliginous. Cerci of the male six or seven times as
long as the basal breadth and armed on the inner side with an apical and a
subapical tooth, subequal in size (fig. 22)...---.-.------- fuliginosus, p. 311
B’. Smaller. Wings hyaline, or slightly fuliginous in the costal area. Cerci of
the male about four times as long as the basal breadth and armed on the
inner side with a short, blunt apical tooth, sometimes reduced to a mere
shoulder, and a longer subapical tooth (fig. 23).
Gy Colorbrownior lawn. colored sss. sie 5 Sees occidentalis, p. 315
C’. Color green or greenish.
Dey Elytraunitormaillly ereens2.-2--5--+---- - occidentalis var. uniformis, p. 317
D’. Elytra green, with a row of light-colored discal spots.
occidentalis var. viridis, p. 316
A’. Elytra nearly uniformly brown and apically very narrow, 5 mm. from the tip
being considerably less than one-half as broad as at the broadest point
(ST ee eB ep sare eet a aN Re, ee ee eg ai bruneri, p. 317
CAPNOBOTES FULIGINOSUS Thomas.
Locusta fuliginosa Tuomas, Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., V, 1872, pp. 448-
444, te I, fig. 9; Rept. . S. Geol. Surv. W. 100 Mer., V, 1875, p. 906.—GLovER,
Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth., 1872, pl. 1x, fig. 9.—Rivey, Stand. Nat. Hist., II, 1884,
p- pea Sop, Ins. Book, 1901, pl. xxxy, fig. 6
Capnobotus juliginosus ScuppER, Can. Ent., X XIX, 1897, p. 74; Cat. Orth. U.S
1900, p. 76.—CauDELL, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 806.—Rean,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1904, p. 573.—CockerretL, The Ent., XX XVII,
1904, p. 180.—Kuirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., If, 1906, p. 181.
Description. Head moderate, scarcely broader than the anterior
portion of the pronotum into which it is inserted quite deeply; fas-
tigium narrow, about as broad as the basal joint of the antenna, mod-
erately prominent and very shallowly suleate above; eyes moder-
ately large and quite prominent, a little longer than broad; antenne
long and slender, the basal segment large, subquadrate. Pronotum
aby | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ce
~
of medium size, posteriorly produced well over the base of the abdo-
men; lateral lobes well developed, nearly as deep as long not includ
ing the backward prolongation of the disk, quite strongly declivent,
behind strongly sinuate, the humeral angle deep; lateral carine scarcely
indicated on the anterior half and distinct and moderately sharp on
the posterior half where they are slightly divergent; median carina
scarcely indicated; disk transversely rounded in front but flat be-
Fic. 20.—CAPNOBOTES FULIGINOSUS, ADULT MALE.
hind, longitudinally nearly straight or gradually and slightly elevated
posteriorly and anteriorly, being subhastate, usually cut across the
anterior fifth by a distinct sulcus, curving forward below, meeting
the anterior margin about halfway down the side; anterior mar-
gin truncate, posterior margin broadly rounded. Prosternal spines
slender, long, and sharp. Klytra fully developed (fig. 20), extend-
ing about one-fourth their length beyond the tips of the posterior
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 3138
femora, the right one in the male with an oval transparent membrane
at the base on the tympanum, a similar oval area on the left elytron
but there coraceous like the rest of the surface; wings about as long
us the elytra, the anal field not produced beyond the general outline;
veins quite heavy and the space next the costal vein somewhat thick-
ened. Legs moderately long and slender; anterior coxal spines long
and sharp, slightly curved; anterior femora longer than the pronotum
and rounded, uyarmed above, broadly suleate below, with several
spines on the inner margin and on the outer margin with a few very
obscure blunt spines or usually with black tubercles or dots repre-
senting them; middle femora like the anterior ones except the spines
are distinct on both margins below; posterior femora about four times
as long as the pronotum, swollen in the basal half where they are
about three times as broad as apically, rounded and unarmed above,
below broadly sulcate and armed on
both margins in apical three-fourths Ss
with about half a dozen short dis- = —
tinct and sharp spines; anterior ee
femora armed below with several
distinct spines on the inner margin,
the outer margin unarmed or witha
few acute tubercles, rarely, if ever,
with distinct spines; anterior tibie
armed below on both margins and
above on the outer margin with
three to five spines and on the inner 99
marein above with none to two Fries. 21,22.—CAaPNOBOTES FULIGINOSUS. 21, OVI-
spines; middle and hind tibie armed MeO ag La ewe reas ot
above and below on both margins with several long spines, those of
the posterior tibix below, except near the tip, alternate and quite
remote from each other; plantula sbort, not quite one-half as long
as the basal segment of the tarsus. Abdomen large and generally
fairly plump, slightly carinate above, the last segment in both sexes
long and furcate, each branch at least five or six times as long as the
basal width; subgenital plate in both sexes moderately long and broad
and apically notched, in the male furnished with a pair of apical styles
about four or five times as longas the basal width; cerci long and slender,
slightly exceeding the anal prolongation of the last abdominal seg-
ment in both sexes, simple and uniformly tapering to a sharp point in
the female and in the male apically depressed and incurved, the apex
divided into two short, stout, inwardly directed teeth with sharp
naked points (fig. 22); ovipositor somewhat shorter than the posterior
femora and curved moderately downward (fig. 21).
General color brown variegated with lighter shades; head light brown
with obscure postocular and occipital bands; pronotum light brown with
814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
the upper part of the lateral lobes more or less infuscated and gener-
ally with dusky markings on the disk, the lateral carinze on the meta-
zone generally black. Elytra light brown with ashy markings, the
disk with a series of more or less distinct light diagonal spots; wings
deeply fuliginous with translucent spaces between the cross veins over
the greater part of the discal area. Legs yellowish brown with obscure
darker mottlings on the femora, the posterior femora without seali-
form markings on the outer face, sometimes longitudinally marked
with a broken blackish line.
Measurements.—Lenegth, pronotum, male, 7.5—8.5 mm., female, 7-9;
posterior femora, male, 32-36, female, 32-388; elytra, male, 50-60,
female, 56-68; cerci, male, 4-5, female, 3-4; ovipositor, 28-34; width
pronotum across matazona, male, 5—6.25, female, 6—-6.5; posterior
femora, at widest point, male, 3.75-4.5, female, 3.75-4.75; elytra,
across basal fourth, male, 9-11.5, female, 10-11; elytra 5 from apex,
male, 7-10, female, 7-8; ovipositor at the middle, 1.75—2.25.
Type.—Cat. No. 1102, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—The type, a male collected in northern Arizona
by Doctor Palmer, four males and four females from Arizona, Nevada,
and California, one male taken by Townsend, probably in New Mexico,
and a female from Lower California. Besides these, all of which are
in the U. S. National Museum collection, I have seen specimens from
Arizona and California in the colleetions of Seudder, Bruner, and
Morse.
This species was described by Thomas in the genus Locusta from a
single male which was figured.“ Three years after the description of
the male, Thomas described the female from a specimen collected by
the Wheeler expedition. In 1897 Doctor Scudder erected the genus
Capnobotes for this species and its allies. Being the first species
described as well as the first to appear, both in table and discussion,
in Seudder’s article establishing the genus Capnobotes, it is logically
the type of that genus.
This species seems to occur as adults in July and August, and probably
later. The series studied, including material from the Scudder and
Morse collections, exhibits considerable variation in the slenderness of
the elytra, length of the ovipositor, and amount of the posterior eleva-
tion of the pronotum. But the different phases of development in
these characters seem to extend throughout the range of the species
and probably do not indicate specific differences. No specific differ-
ences were found to separate the Lower Californian specimen from
those of California or Arizona.
Aside from Riley’s statement in the Standard Natural History that
they live in low and somber-colored vegetation, there is nothing
@Glover’s Ill. North Amer. Ent., Orth., pl. 1x, fig. 9.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 315
recorded regarding the habits of this species. The habits are prob-
ably similar to those of oce/dentalis as discussed under the treatment of
that species.
CAPNOBOTES OCCIDENTALIS Thomas.
Locusta occidentalis Tomas, Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Sury. Terr., V. 1872, p. 444,
pl, fig. 16:—Grovar, Il N: A. Ent., Orth., 1872, pl. x1, fig. 16.—Ritey,
Stand. Nat. Hist., II, 1884, p. 191.
Capnobotes occidentalis Scupper, Can. Ent., X NIX, 1897, p. 74; Cat. Orth. U.S.,
1900, p. 76.—WoopwortH, Bull. No. 142, Calif. Exp. Station, 1902, p. 15.—
CocKERELL, The Ent., XX XVII, 1904, p. 179.—Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II,
1906, p. 182.
Description.—Much smaller than fulig/nosa and very distinct from
that species. Head and pronotum essentially as in fuligénosa, except
that the pronotum is scarcely at all elevated posteriorly, while this is
only true of some specimens of fuliginosa. Legs as in fuliginosa, the
anterior femora with a few short spines on the inner inferior carina,
the outer margin unarmed or sometimes with infuscated spots repre-
senting spines, in the nymphs with more distinct
spines. Elytra generally more slender than com-
mon in fuliginosa, but with the same general color
pattern, the oblique discal spots seemingly a little
less elongate; wings shaped as in ful7ginosa, but
differing radically from those of that species in being
transparent instead of fuliginous, the costal border
only subopaque. Last abdominal segment with the 5... 53 ¢.pvonores
anal prolongations not quite as elongate as in oceipenranis. cercus
Suliginosa, at least in the male; cerci of the male = °° 7" "AT
much shorter than those of fu/égénosa, being about four times as long
as the basal breadth and apically armed on the inner side with a very
short blunt spur, often a mere shoulder, and subapically with a long
well-developed tooth or spur (fig. 28). Ovipositor curved gently
downward and somewhat variable in length.
Color similar to that of fuliginosa, but usually more bleached in
cabinet specimens, being of a fawn color. The wings are nearly
transparant, not fuliginous as in fuliginosa. There are two color
varieties, both green.
Measurements.— Length, pronotum, male, 6.5-7 mm., female, 7-7.5;
elytra, male, 41, female, 45-55; wing, male, 37, female, 42-47; posterior
femora, male, 26, female, 26-31; ovipositor, 22-27; width, pronotum
across metazona, male, 4, female, 4.5-5; elytra at widest part, male,
7.5, female, 8; elytra 5 from apex, male, 4.5, female, 5.25; wing at
widest point, male, 17, female, 20; ovipositor at middie, 1.5.
Type.—Cat. No. 1103, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—The type, a female from California taken by
Mr. Taylor, two females from Salmon Falls, Idaho (Evermann), and a
316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XXXII.
male from Reno, Nevada (Wickham), taken in July. This male and
also an immature male from Arizona (Dunn) were presented by
Professor Bruner.
The nymph mentioned above has the characters of the adult, the
wines, however, being short and reversed, and the spines on the outer
‘arina of the lower side of the anterior femora are distinct. Bruner
has a pair from Garfield Beach, Utah, and the Scudder collection
contains a single female from Nevada, an unusually large specimen,
from which I secured the above maximum measurements.
The following notes on the habits of this species are extracted from
an article by Cockerell.“
This species, also the variety viridis, was taken near Pecos, New Mexico, on dry
hillocks covered with Pinus edulis and Sabina sp. The males commence to stridulate
at dusk, and the note is so high pitched as to be inaudible to some persons. The
insects were present in some numbers, but were very difficult to capture, jumping
off into the darkness at the least disturbance.
CAPNOBOTES OCCIDENTALIS var. VIRIDIS Cockerell.
Capnobotes occidentalis var. viridis CocKERELL, The Entom., XXX VII, 1904, p.
180.—Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., IT, 1906, p. 182.
Deseription.—Similar to typical occidentalis except that the color is
ereenish instead of brown or fawn colored. The elytra have the row
of light oblique discal spots as found in the typical form. The cerci
of the only male seen, the type, has the apical inner tooth wholly
aborted. The costal margin of the wings is greenish, the rest hyaline.
The ovipositor of the only female examined, one received from Pro-
fessor Bruner, is shaped as usual in the genus, and is as long as the
posterior femora.
Measurements.
Length, pronotum, male, 6.5 mm., female, 7.5;
elytra, male, 39, female, 49; posterior femora, male, 23, female, 30;
ovipositor, 29; width, pronotum across the metazona, male, 4.5,
female, 5; elytra at widest part, male, 7, female, 9; elytra 5 from
apex, male, 4, female, 5; posterior femora at widest part, male, 3.25,
female, 3.75; ovipositor in the middle, 1.75.
Type.—Cat. No. 10165, U. 5S. National Museum.
Specimens eramined.—Two specimens, the type, a male from Pecos,
New Mexico, presented by Cockerell, who took it on Pine, August 24,
and a female without label from the Bruner collection.
This is probably the insect mentioned by Riley in the Standard Nat-
ural History as a green form of OC. fudiginosa occurring in Utah. But
the cerci of the male and the hyaline wings of both sexes at once sep-
arate this insect from fuligénosa. Besides, it is found associated with
typical occ¢dentalis as stated under that species.
«The Entomologist, XX XVII, 1904, pp. 178-181.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINAD OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. Slit
CAPNOBOTES OCCIDENTALIS var. UNIFORMIS, new variety.
Deseription.—Male, female unknown—very like the preceding form,
but the color is uniformly greenish, the elytra without the usual row
of oblique spots along the disk. The elytra are also considerably less
elongate than in var. v7r/dis, giving the insect quite a different appear-
oS
ance. The cerci are essentially like those of w777d7s.
Measurements.—Leneth, pronotum, 6.75 mm.; posterior femora, 26;
elytra, 42; width, pronotum across the metazona, 4.5; elytra at widest
part, 7.5; elytra 5 from apex. 5.25: posterior femora at widest point,
3.25.
Type.—Cat. No. 10166, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—One male, Los Angeles County, California,
July. (Coquillett. )
This insect is described as a variety of oce¢dental/s with considerable
doubt. The uniform color and less slender elytra give it a very dis-
tinctive appearance and when more material from the west is studied
it may prove to be a distinct species. The form of the elytra is very
like that of Anoplodusa arizonensis Rehn.
CAPNOBOTES BRUNERI Scudder.
Capnobotes brunert ScuppER, Can. Ent., X XIX, 1897, p. 74; Cat. Orth. U.S., 1900,
p. 76.—Woopworrtn, Bull. No. 142, Exp. Sta. California, 1902, p. 15.—Cocxk-
ERELL, The Ent., XX XVII, 1904, p. 181.—Kuikrsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., I], 1906,
p. 181.
Description. — Female, male unknown. Most closely allied to fud7-
ginosa. General color a uniform wood brown; head and pronotum as
in fuliginosa. Elytra unique in the genus, being more than twice as
broad across the basal fourth than the apical fourth and nearly uni-
formly brown, the row of oblique discal spots scarcely noticable (tig. 24);
wings fuliginous in heavy reticulations, not so opaque as in ful/g/nosa
nor so transparent as in occidentalis, comparatively broader than in
fuliginosa. All the femora spined beneath on both sides for the
greater part of the length with short stout spines; anterior tibi
armed above on the outer side only with three or four spines, the type
having three on one tibia and
four on the other. Ovipos-
itor long and slender, longer
than the posterior femora
and curved downward as in Fic. 24—CapNopaTes BRUNERI, OUTLINE OF ELYTRON
the other species of the genus. OF THE FEMALE. [TY PE-SPECIMEN. ]
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 8.5 mm.; elytra, 47; wing, 41;
posterior femora, 33; ovipositor, 37; width, pronotum across meta-
zone, 5.5; elytra, at widest part, 10 mm.; elytra 5 from apex, 3.75;
wing at broadest point, 20.5.
Type.—Cat. No, 10167, U. S. National Museum.
318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Specimens examined.—One female, Tepusquet Peak, Santa Barbara
County, California. This specimen, Scudder’s original type, is in the
collection of the National Museum through the courtesy of Bruner.
The very unusual shape of the elytra (fig. 24) and the coloration make
this species easy of identification.
ANOPLODUSA, new genus.
Description.—Male, female unknown. Head of moderate size; eyes
nearly round, quite prominent; vertex flat, not prominent, about
the size of the basal segment of the antenne. Pronotum posteriorly
produced over the base of the wings as in Ciupnobotes and in shape
agreeing with that of C. fuligénosa, prosternum unarmed, no sign of
spines being present. Wings and elytra fully developed, extending
beyond the tips of the posterior femora and shaped as in Capnobotes
fuliginosa, the right elytron with transparent speculum, that of the
left elytron opaque. Legs long, anterior and intermediate femora as
long or a little longer than the pronotum; posterior femora about
four times as long as the pronotum, abruptly and considerably
swollen on the basal half and unarmed; anterior femora armed below
with a few fine teeth on the inner margin, the outer margin unarmed;
anterior tibie armed above on the outer margin only with three spines;
otherwise the legs are essentially the same asin Capnobotes. Genitalia
as in Capnobotes, the cerci of the only species known with two pre-
apical teeth on the inner side.
Type.—Drymadusa arizonensis Rehn.
This genus bears a very striking resemblance to Capnobotes, having
long wings and the same general appearance of the members of that
genus. But the unarmed prosternum and the posterior femora
being without ventral spines will readily separate it from that genus.
Anoplodusa, lacking as it does prosternal spines, is not as nearly
allied to Drymadusa as is Capnobotes.
There is but one species of this interesting venus.
ANOPLODUSA ARIZONESIS Rehn.
Drymadusa arizonesis Reun, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Philad., 1904, p. 573.—Kirsy,
Syn. Cat. Orth., 11, 1906, p. 180.
Mr. Rehn’s original description is here given in full :
Description. —Male, female unknown. Size rather large; form considerably elon-
gate. Head with the occiput rounded transversly, not elevated, sloping gradually to
the rather narrow, partially sulcate fastigium, which latter is deflected and touches
the frontal process, width of the fastigium less than that of the first antennal joint;
eyes wide apart, prominent, subglobose; antennze as long as the tegmina. Pronotum
selliform; anterior margin shallowly emarginate, posterior margin broadly and evenly
rotundate; lateral lobes with the inferior margin rather narrowly rounded; posterior
sinus very shght. Tegmina elongate, exceeding the apex of the abdomen by half
theirlength, the greatest width is contained six and one-half times in the length, apex
obliquely truncato-rotundate, costal expansion regular but not marked, greatest
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 319
basally and narrowing gradually toward the apex; wings equal to the tegmina in
length. Abdomen somewhat compressed; supra-anal plate triangular, deeply and
very narrowly divided into two elongate acute lobes; cerei rather short, the apical
portion with two distinct hooks on the internal face; subgenital plate compressed, °
deep, inferiorly carinate, apical mar-
gin -triangularly incised. Anterior
femora longer than the pronotum, in-
ternal inferior margin with three to
four very distinct spines; tibiee with
two spines on the external superior
margin. Median femora slightly
longer than the anterior, external
inferior margin with one or two
spines; tibize with two spines on the
external superior margin and three
internal superior margin. Posterior
femora slightly shorter than the head
and body, apical half slender and
subequal, basal half moderately ex-
panded; tibize slightly longer than
the femora, compressed quadrate in
section, regularly spined above, except
basally, where the spines are fewer,
inferior face with seven pairs of
spines and several odd ones, upper
inner calear much exceeding the ex-
ternal in size; posterior tarsi of the
type usual in the genus ( Drymadusa).
General color ochraceous buff ( prob-
ably greenish in life), washed with
apple-green on the tegmina. Head
darker above than below; eyes hazel.
Pronotum with an hourglass-shaped
Fic, 25,—ANOPLODUSA ARIZONENSIS. ADULT MALE.
figure on the median portion of the disk, and a line along the posterior portion of
the lateral lobes approximately parallel to the margin blackish-brown; posterior
margin of the disk of the pronotum basally bone-white. Tegmina with a distinct
median longitudinal series of subcircular opaque whitish spots, flanked above by a
short series not so distinct, a few poorly defined blotches along the anal margin, and
an irregular jumbled series in the costal field.
Measurements.—Length, body, 29 mm.; pronotum, 6.8; tegmina,
41; posterior femora, 24.5; width, pronotum at widest point 5; teg-
mina at widest point, 6.5.
Type.—In the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia.
Specimens ecamined.—TVhe type (fig. 25),a male from Florence. Pinal
County, Arizona, 1903 (C. R. Beiderman).
Mr. Rehn’s statement that the anterior tibiewe have but two dorsal
spines on the outer margin is wrong, there being three of them. In
the above description the name supraanal plate is used for what I call
the last abdominal segment.
The cerci of this species are shaped essentially like those of Capno-
botes fuliginosa (fig. 22), and extend to the tip of the last abdominal
segment.
320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
In the Scudder collection is an immature dectician without label,
neither date nor locality, but presumably from the United States as it
is associated with other material belonging to our fauna. It isa female,
and by the development of reversed and elongately pointed wing pads
is obviously the young of some long-winged species. The prosternum
is unarmed, and the ovipositor is distinctly curved upwards. These
characters prohibit its reference to Capnobotes, and so, unless it is some
foreign species mixed in with the native forms, it is probably a nymph
of the present species. If so, the ovipositor of Anoplodusa is seen to
be curved upwards instead of downwards as in Capnobotes.
ATLANTICUS Secudder.
Engoniaspis BRuNNER, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, XX XIII (2d ser.,
XIII), 1893, p. 185 (invalid, no species included).—ScupprEr, Can. Ent.,
XX VI, 1894, pp. 177, 179 (invalid, no species included) .—Guide N. A. Orth.,
1897, p. 56 (invalid, no species included ).—Cat. Orth U. S., 1900, pp.
75, 96.—Krrpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., I1, 1906, p. 181.
Atlanticus ScuppER, Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894, pp. 177, 179.—Guide N. A. Orth.,
1897, p. 55; Cat. Orth. U. 8., 1900, p. 75.—Buatcuizy, Orth. Ind., 1903,
p. 392.—Kirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 181.
Description—Head of medium size, not prominent; eyes nearly round,
moderately prominent; vertex moderately prominent, about one-third
as broad as the interocular space. Pronotum large, posteriorly much
produced over the base of the abdomen; disk broadly rounded, pos-
terior margin rounded or subtruncate, anterior border truncate; lat-
eral lobes well developed, but not so deep as long, separated from the
disk by sharp and persistent lateral carine, in one species less sharp
but still distinct; median carina absent or bluntly indicated on the
posterior margin. Prosternum armed with two spines, usually long
and sharp, but sometimes shorter and less acute. Elytra rudimentary
and wholly concealed beneath the pronotum in the female; in the
male strongly convex and projecting somewhat beyond the pronotum
and overlapping above. Legs moderately stout; posterior femora
variable in length, varying according to species, much and abruptly
swollen on the basal half and unarmed, or armed below on the inner
carina with a few short spines; anterior tibix armed above on the
outer carina only with three spines; posterior tibix furnished below
with four apical spurs. Subgenital plate apically deeply cleft in the
female, in the male very shallowly cleft and terminated by a pair of
oblong rounded styles; supraanal plate small, triangular and apically
more or less broadly rounded in both sexes, usually inconspicuous;
cerci rounded in both sexes, simple in the female, in the male armed
on the inner. side with a tooth; ovipositor straight or, in one species,
sometimes curved gently upwards.
Type.— Decticus pachymerus Burmeister.
No. 1530. THE DECTICIND OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. Spall
This genus bears a striking superficial resemblance to the European
genus Zhyreonotus, but is not systematically related to it, having four
instead of two apical spurs beneath the posterior tibia. That the
genus Hngoniaspis of Brunner is a synonym of > S'82 10 Me EY BEONNER. ((RE-
hatch early in the spring, in March or early
April in the vicinity of Washington, and, like the young of dorsalis,
are more active leapers than when matured. William Davis has an
interesting account of this species in the Canadian Entomologist for
1893. He found the males stridulating in some numbers in a swampy
meadow on Staten Island, New York. It was June 26, on a sunny
afternoon. One male specimen was captured, sitting unconcealed on a
dry dead leaf of swamp grass, and placed in a cage in
Mr. Davis’s room. Here it sang with unabated zeal
until the first of August, when his song grew less in
volume until finally he died on the tenth or eleventh of
September. The song is described as resembling some-
what that of Orehelimum vulgare with the preliminary
Fig. 30.—Atiantr- ‘zip, zip” omitted. ‘‘It was,” says Mr. Davis, ‘‘a
ve Conereoe continuous ‘zeee,’ with an occasional short ‘ik,’ caused
ADULT MALE. by the insect getting its wing-covers ready for action
after a period of silence.” This specimen grew quite
tame, following the hand for fruit, with which it was lberally sup-
plied, but at times took unnecessary fright and bumped its head against
its prison walls in a most insane fashion. He did not usually hide at
all but sat on a leaf in his prison, waving his long antenne.
Beutenmiiller records this species as occurring in New York in dry
places, especially along hillsides, from the middle of June to late Sep-
tember. The adults are unable to leap more than a few inches,
especially the males, which usually have the posterior legs very short,
often scarcely a third longer than the pronotum.
326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Future investigations may prove pachymerus to be a variety of
dorsalis, but at the present state of our knowledge it can scarcely be
considered other than as a distinct species. There is much variation
in the development of the elytra and some in the relative length
of the posterior femora. Rarely some females have the ovipositor
distinctly curved upward, but usually it is straight or even slightly
curved downward.
ATLANTICUS GIBBOSUS Scudder.
Atlanticus gibbosus ScuppEr, Can. Ent., X XVI, 1894, p. 180; Cat. Orth. U. 8.,
1900, p. 75.—Renn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philad., 1904, (1905), p. 797.—Krrey,
Syn. Cat. Orth., H, 1906, p. 181.
Description.—Head moderately large, not swollen nor deeply
inserted into the pronotum; fastigium broad, rounded, not suleate,
broader than the first segment of the antenna. Eyes moderate, not
prominent; antenne slender, basally enlarged. Pronotum large and
produced posteriorly over the base of the witigs more than usual in
the other members of the genus, completely covering the wings in
both sexes, lateral lobes but moderately deep, almost vertical, posteri-
orly broadly sinuate; lateral carinse prominent but less acute than in
the other species of the genus, converging on the anterior fourth and
from there backward diverging and rounded outward,
making the disk of the metazona very elongate-ovate,
posteriorly well rounded, nearly semicircular; median
varina absent or barely indicated on the posterior
margin of the disk; pronotal disk broadly convex,
setae ie bes without transverse sulci, the anterior margin trun-
cipposus. tre or cate; prosternal spines elongate and moderately acute.
ABDOMEN OF MALE Abdomen heavy, not or very slightly carinate above.
Bees Elytra and wings of both sexes concealed beneath the
pronotum. Legs moderately stout; posterior femora much swollen
on the basal half or a little more, genicular lobes well developed,
forming close-lying lamine, or flattened spines; anterior tibie armed
above on the outer margin only with three spines; intermediate tibize
spined above on both margins and the posterior ones armed with a
double row of small equal closely set spines above on the apical two-
thirds and below with a few small scattered spines on the median line
only. Cerci of the female simple, conical, about four times as long as
the basal width, of the male long and moderately stout, apically
slender, curved inward and then upward quite strongly, near the base
on the inner side armed with a long incurved tooth two times as long
as the width of the cerciat that point (fig. 81); last abdominal segment
rectangularly incised; ovipositor about one-fifth shorter than the
posterior femora and straight.
NO, 1530. THE DECTICINZ OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 327
General color a light yellowish, quite uniform except the lateral
lobes of the pronotum, which are black on the upper half for the entire
length.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male and female, 14 mm.; pos-
terior femora, male, 32, female, 30; ovipositor, 24; cerci, male, 3.5-4.5,
female, 2.5: width, pronotum at widest point, male and female, 5; pos-
terior femora at widest point, male and female, 7, at narrowest point,
male and female, 1.5.
Type.—In the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts.
Specimens examined.—Four adult and two immature specimens
from Florida and one male and two females from North Carolina.
The Scudder collection contains five specimens, two male nymphs
from Florida and one male and two female adults from North Caro-
lina. The above description was drawn up from the adults from
North Carolina. The U.S. National Museum is indebted to the liber-
ality of Professor Bruner for an adult male specimen of this species
from Lake City, Florida.
This large southern species is a very noticeable form. The large
and posteriorly rounded pronotum will serve to readily separate it
from the other members of the genus. It superficially resembles the
European Thyreonotus corsicus, but is not structurally allied to that
species.
Immature individuals of this species were found by Mr. Rehn quite
plentiful in southern Georgia. They were found in pine woods in
March and April, probably maturing about July.
APORE Scudder:
Drymadusa ScuppeER (not Stein), Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894, pp. 178-180.
Apote ScuppER, Can. Ent., X XIX, 1897, p. 73.—Kuirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906,
p. 182.
Description.—Head medium in size; eyes large and moderately
prominent; vertex about one-fourth,as broad as the interocular space.
Pronotum long and narrow, posteriorly well produced over the base
of the abdomen; disk rounded anteriorly and tectate posteriorly, the
anterior margin truncate, the posterior margin semicircularly rounded;
lateral lobes longer than high, the posterior margin slightly sinuate;
lateral and median carinz absent on the anterior portion of the prono-
tum, posteriorly present, the former parallel and blunt, the latter low
but fairly sharp; prosternum armed with a pair of long sharp spines.
Wings short but equally developed in both sexes, convex, overlapping
above and projecting beyond the pronotum a distance less than the
length of the pronotum. Legs stout; posterior femora short, less than
two times as long as the pronotum, abruptly and considerably swollen
on the basal half, or slightly more; anterior tibiz armed above on the
outer margin only with three spines; all the femora armed beneath on
328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
both margins with small blunt spines, usually minute and fewer in
number on the inner margin. Subgenital plate apically triangularly
incised in the male, terminated by a pair of short blunt unarticulate
styles, of the female less distinctly incised and without terminal styles;
supraanal plate short and triangular in both sexes; cerci of the female
short, conical, simple; of the male longer, cylindrical in the basal
three-fourths, on the inner side furnished with a pointed projection
(fig. 33); ovipositor more than two times as long as the pronotum and
quite strongly curved downward.
Type.—Apote notabilis Scudder.
This genus is allied to the European genus Prymadusa, but differs
in several particulars, more especially in the short posterior femora,
less distinct humeral sinus, and the less distinct carinz on the posterior
portion of the pronotum. But one species is known.
APOTE NOTABILIS Scudder.
Drymadusa sp. ScuppEr, Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894, p. 180.
Apote notabilis Scupprr, Can. Ent., X XIX, 1897, p. 73; Cat. Orth. U. 8., 1900,
p. 76.—Kirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., IT, 1906, p. 182.
Description. Head moderately large and prominent, barely broader
than the anterior portion of the pronotum, into which it is inserted
Fic. 32.—APOTE NOTABILIS. ADULT FEMALE.
quite deeply; vertex considerably broader than’ the basal segment of
the antenna, but scarcely more than one-fourth as broad as the inter-
ocular space; front broadly rounded; eyes large and prominent, nearly
round; antenne long and slender, the basal segment broad and flat-
tened. Pronotum large, elongate, narrow, posteriorly produced over
the base of the abdomen; lateral lobes well developed, somewhat
longer than high, the posterior margin nearly straight, the humeral
sinus being feeble, but distinct; disk rounded and without carinz on
the anterior half or three-fourths, or very slightly indicated; behind
that portion, and set off by a shallow transverse furrow, there is a
No. 1530. THE DECTICIN.A OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 329
distinct and fairly sharp median ¢ carina, on et ach Sue of which the disk
is flat and slanting to the distinct but very blunt lateral carinw; the
disk is no broader at one point than another, and has a second trans-
verse suleus near the anterior border, and just anterior of the post-
median transverse furrow it is marked with a V-shaped depression, the
apex directed backwards and nearly touching the transverse depres-
sion; prosternal spines long, erect, sharp. Legs and wings as
described under the genus, the elytra narrowly rounded at the apex.
Abdomen large and plump, sometimes obscurely
‘arinate above. Cerci of the female simple, conical,
about four times as long as the basal width, of the
wale more than four times as lone as the basal width,
and on the inner side toward the tiparmed with a
a - FIG. 338.—APOTE NOTA-
moderately slender sharp-pointed tooth, with the Bete ak CERRO
upper edge meeting the terminal part of the cereus ™4™
at an angle (fig. 33), or a less slender tooth with the upper edge ina
line with the tip of the cercus (fig. 34); ovipositor longer then the
posterior femora, curved distinctly downward and ee narrowed
medially, the tip sharp and unarmed. (See fig. 52.
Color, brown, marked with ash-gray; head, dark eee above, merg-
ing into yellow on the face and below; antenn yellowish at the base,
apically becoming darker; pronotum brownish above, sometimes
varied with pale yellowish, the posterior margin of
the lateral lobes also sometimes margined with yellow.
Wings brownish, with black veins; abdomen brown,
with pallid subdorsal lines and more or less mottled
; on the sides with the same color, below yellowish;
Me tex’ pleura below the wings piceous with a pale border
rogusta. Cercus below. Legs yellowish, the outer face of the posterior
OF MALE.
femora usually more or less infuseated; ovipositor
yellow with the tip margined with black.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 10-13.5 mm., female,
10-18; elytra, male, 6-7, female, 5-6; posterior femora, male, 18-22,
female, 19.5-22; cerci, male, 2.75-8, female, 1.75; ovipositor, 23-29;
width, pronotum at posterior border, male and female, 5.5-7; pos-
terior femora on basal half, male and female, 4-5, on apical half, male
and female, 1.25-1.75.
Type.—In the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Specimens examined: Material from North Dakota, Oregon, Wash-
ington, and Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
The National Museum contains one male and two females from the
State of Washington, Rockland, July 4 (Fisher) and Pullman, June 25
(Piper), and one female from Wellington, British Columbia (Taylor).
Two male and one female specimens were also sent to me for study by
the Washington Experiment Station. These are from Pullman and
330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Washtuena, no dates given. Bruner’s material, comprising five speci-
mens, all females, from Washington, was also studied.
Besides the type, a single female from Dakota, the Museam of Com-
parative Zoology hasa mature pair labeled as having been taken in
Oregon in the month of June. This male has an intestinal worm,
Mermis sp. protruding at least eight inches from the tip of theabdomen.
The dissimilarity of the cerci of the two males critically studied is
indicative of two distinct forms. The form with cerci like fig. 34
is heavier and more robust in both sexes and the posterior femora
seem broader. Thelower margins of the lateral lobes of the pronotum
are not pallid, as seems to be constantly the case with the other form,
and the general color is apparently somewhat lighter. The habitat of
the two forms are the same, however, and there are certain tendencies
toward variation which make it seem best for the present to consider
the two forms varietal rather than as distinct species. I therefore pro-
pose the varietal name robusta for the heavier form. The maximum
of the above measurements are from this variety.
Type.—Cat. No. 10168 U. S. National Museum.
EREMOPEDES Coekerell.
Eremopedes ScuppEr, Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894, pp. 178, 181 (invalid, no described
species included); Guide Orth. N. A., 1897, p. 56 (invalid, no described
species included); Cat. Orth. U. 8., 1900, pp. 78, 97; Proc. Davenp. Acad.
Nat. Sci., IX, 1902, p. 55.—CockrrELL, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), II, 1898,
p. 323.—CaupELL, Can. Ent., XX XIII, 1902, p. 100.—Kirpy, Syn. Cat.
Orth: IF, 1906;.p: 1:92:
Description. —Head moderate in size; vertex narrow, one-half, or
less, as broad as the interocular space except in brevicauda, where it is
nearly as wide. Pronotum moderately large and well produced pos-
teriorly, without carine, or with mere indications of lateral carinv on
the posterior margin in one species, or obscure but persistent in brevz-
cauda. Wateral lobes of the pronotum well developed except in a
single species. Prosternum typically unarmed, but there are in some
species a pair of fairly distinct spines present in some specimens. Wings
wholly concealed in the female, in one species a little exposed; in the
male the elytra are broad, overlap above, and project somewhat beyond
the pronotum. Legs moderately slender, the posterior femora more
than two times as long as the pronotum and moderately to considerably
swollen on the basal two-thirds; anterior tibie armed above on the
outer margin only with three spines. Abdomen moderately large and
plump, scarcely carinate, the terminal segment deeply cleft, especially
in the male (fig. 37); supraanal plate small, triangular, deeply sulcate
above in the middle, the whole nearly hidden beneath the last abdomi-
nal segment; cerci simple in the female, in the male more or less sinu-
ate and with a blunt tooth-like projection on the inner side; ovipositor
No. 1530. THE DECTICINZE OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. Oo
curved moderately upward and somewhat shorter or a little longer
than the posterior femora, in one species short and subfalcate.
Type.— Eremopedes scudderi Cockerell.
This genus seems to naturally unite those of our genera of Decticine
having the prosternum unarmed with those having it armed. Some
specimens of even the same species have the prosternum wholly
unarmed, while others have a pair of short but moderately distinct
spines. This makes some species almost indistinguishable from cer-
tain members of the previous genus, S¢/pator. Especially is this true
of Hremopedes ball’, which is difticultly separable from St/pator ste-
vensont, except by the cerci of the males. The extreme superficial
resemblance of these ‘two species is the cause of a queer blunder hay-
ing been made.”
“remopedes is very closely allied to /dZostatus, but presents several
points of difference. The females of /yemopedes generally have the
ovipositor more strongly curved upward, and the elytra are usually
wholly concealed beneath the pronotum, while in /d/ostatus they are
more or less extended beyond the pronotum. The elytra of the males
are usually shorter in Aremopedes and the lateral carine of the pro-
notum of both sexes are scarcely indicated, while in /d/ostaius they
are more or less distinct, especially posteriorly. The prosternum, so
far as known, is never armed in /dZostutus, while it is sometimes in
Lremopedes.
Doctor Scudder proposed the genus Hremopedes in the year 1894,
but he based it upon an undescribed species, thus giving it no stand-
ing. The first species described under the genus was Cockerell’s
scudder?, and, according to rules covering such cases, that is therefore
the type of the genus. Thus the genus is credited to Cockerell. This
view is the opposite of that formerly held by me, but it seems the
proper one, as otherwise many changes would result, such as the
replacement of Atlanticus Scudder by Angoniasp’s Brunner, ete.
There are five species of Hremopedes. They occur mostly in the
southwestern United States and seem to be nocturnal in habit, hiding
by day in nooks, under bark, ete. The species are separable by char-
acters given in the following table, given for convenience in two parts,
one for the males and one for the females:
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EREMOPEDES—MALES.
A. Cerci shaped as fig. 37, projecting almost one-half their length beyond the last
BocLomunalsemniem tes Seeele cette ee Ay el he ee a scudderi, p. 333
A’. Cerci shaped as figs. 36 and 38, projecting but little beyond the last abdominal
segment.
B. Smaller, pronotum 6 mm. or less in length; cerci shaped as fig. 38... .balli, p. 335
B’. Larger, pronotum more than 6 mm. in length; cerci shaped as fig. 36.
ephippiata, p. 33:
The males of brevicauda and albofasciata unknown.
@See discussion under Hremopedes balli, p. 336.
oO2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EREMOPEDES, FEMALES.
A. Ovipositor long, more than two times as long as the pronotum.
B. Larger, the posterior femora 19 mm. or more in length, very rarely as little as
18 mm.
C. Ovipositor as long, or almost as long, as the posterior femora; lateral lobes
of the pronotum not so well developed as in the alternating category, the
posterior sinus less distinct.
D. Color variable but without dorso-lateral white stripes. .scudderi, p. 333
D’. Color green, conspicuously marked with a pair of dorso-lateral white
stripes on the pronotum and abdomen -.-.....------ albofasciata, p. 337
C’. Ovipositor usually no more than two-thirds as long as the posterior femora;
lateral lobes of the pronotum well developed, the posterior sinus distinct.
ephippiata, p. 332
3’. Smaller, the posterior femora not over 18 mm. in length..----.-.. balli, p. 335
A’. Ovipositor short, no longer than the pronotum ...--..------.. brevicauda, p. 336
EREMOPEDES EPHIPPIATA Scudder.
Cacopteris ephippiata ScuppER, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XXXV, 1899, pp.
88, 91.—Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 193.
Evremopedes unicolor ScuppEr, Cat. Orth. U. 8., App., 1900, p. 97.—CaupELL, Can.
Ent., X XXIII, 1901, p. 99; Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903; p. 807.—
Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., I, 1906, p. 192.
Description.—Head as in scudder?. Pronotum about as in the pre-
ceding species, except that the lateral lobes are well developed and the
Fira. 35.—EREMOPEDES EPHIPPIATA. ADULT FEMALE.
posterior sinus distinct. Prosternum unarmed, or armed with a pair
of short blunt spines rarely quite distinct and acute. Legs armed as
in the type species, but the posterior femora are apparently less elon-
gate. Abdomen moderately plump, obscurely carinate. Wings con-
cealed in the female, in the male projecting somewhat beyond the pro-
notum. Ovipositor considerably shorter than the posterior femur;
cerci of the female simple, pointed, of the male triangular, very stout,
shaped as shown in fig. 36.
Color generally uniformly brownish, sometimes yellowish, the outer
face of the posterior femur sometimes with an elongate black streak;
in some specimens the lateral lobes of the pronotum are dark and the
lower margins yellowish, and some specimens have the pronotal disk
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 333
yellowish, while in others it is nearly coal black. The disk of the
elytra of the male is infuscated.
Measurements.—Lenegth, pronotum, male, 6.25-7.5 mm., female,
6.5-8.5; posterior femora, male, 17-20, female, 17.5-26.5; elytra,
male, 2-2.5; ovipositor, 16-19.
Type.—Cat. No. 5736, U.S. National Museum (wn/color Seudder).
Specimens examined.—The unique type of wndcolor (tig. 35), a female
merely labelled ‘* Arizona,” an adult female from Hot Springs,
Arizona, taken by Barber on June 22; an adult male from Phoenix,
Arizona (Kunze); a couple of immature females from Oracle, Arizona,
in July (Schwarz); a female from Douglas, Arizona (Snow); and a
female from the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona,
August 18, 1903 (Oslar); and other material from
Arizona and Mexico.
Professor Bruner has presented the National Mu-
> i ; FIG. 36.—EREMOPEDES
seum with a large female nymph from Huachuca — venimerara. Cercus
Mountains, Arizona (Kunze); and C. Schaeffer °° “4%
donated an adult pair from the same locality, taken by himself in
August. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, has a
series of 5 males and 8 females from the same locality taken by Doctor
Skinner in August, 1905.
The unique male type of Seudder’s Cucopter’s ephippiata trom
Sonora, Mexico, has been examined. It is quite certainly conspecitic
with wnrcolor, which was described from the female. Thus it replaces
the latter name.
This species is variable in size and color. Usually it is brownish,
but sometimes is yellowish, and some have the pronotum yellow above
with the sides brown, resembling somewhat the coloration of £.
scuddert var. bicolor, and still others have the pronotal disk almost
picious.
EREMOPEDES SCUDDERI Cockerell.
Eremopedes scudderi COCKERELL, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), II, 1898, p. B23)
Scupper, Cat. Orth. U. 8., 1900, p. 78.—Caupett, Can. Ent., X XXIII, 1901,
p. 101.—Krrsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 192.
Hremopedes scudderi var. viridis COCKERELL, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), I], 1898,
p. 324.—CaupeELL, Can. Ent., XX XIII, 1901, p. 101.—Krrsy, Syn. Cat.
Onthe, UL, 906; jp. 192:
Eremopedes scudderi var. bicolor ScuppER and CocKkErELL, Proc. Davenp. Acad.
Sci., IX, 1902, p. 54.—Krrpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 192.
Eremopedes popeana ScuDDER and CocKERELL, Proce. Davenp. Acad. Sei., IX, 1902,
p. 54.—Kirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 192.
Description.—Head moderate in size, scarcely prominent, quite
deeply inserted into the pronotum; fastigium narrow, no more than
one-third as broad as the interocular space, the sides concave. Eyes
medium in size and rounded, moderately prominent. Antenne
slender, the basal segment as broad as the fastigium. Pronotum of
334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
medium size, considerably produced posteriorly, the lateral lobes
poorly developed, and the posterior margin very slightly sinuate; pro-
notal disk evenly rounded, without indication of median or lateral
sarin, truncate anteriorly, posteriorly subtruncate or very broadly
rounded. Prosternum unarmed or armed with a pair of short blunt
spines. Legs long and slender, the posterior femora
more than three times, or about three times, as long
as the pronotum, armed below in the apical half on
the inner carina with a few short stout sharp spines;
J \y anterior tibie armed above on the outer side only
iar with three spines. Wings lateral and wholly con-
cealed in the female, in the male overlapping above
and projecting slightly beyond the pronotum.
Abdomen usually somewhat compressed and carinate
Fic. 37.—Eremoreprs above, the last dorsal segment deeply cleft in both
SCUDDERI. CERCUSOF onmee oe 2 .
aE, sexes; cerci simple in the female, in the male shaped
as fig. 387, projecting about half their length beyond
the last abdominal segment; ovipositor long, as long or a little longer
than the posterior femora.
Color obscure brownish, uniformly green or brownish, with a broad
ocherous band above.
Measurements.— Length, pronotum, male, 6.25-7.25 mm., female,
5.5-7.5; posterior femora, male, 20, female, 18-24; cerci, male, 3;
ovipositor, 17-24.
Type.—Cat. Nos. 10173, 10174, and 10175, U. 8. National Museum.
Specimens ecamined.—Material in various collections from Texas
and New Mexico. The green form of this species has been christened
rar. viridis by Cockerell, while the varietal name (7co/or has been
apphed by Scudder and Cockerell to the form with the dorsum marked
with ocherous. The National Museum contains types of both these
varieties as well as of the typical form; viridis bears the type No.
10173, while that of color is No. 10174. The types of both varieties
and the typical form are from Mesilla, New Mexico. Besides the
types, the National Museum contains one male, one female, and two
nymphs from the type locality, Cockerell, July and August, and one
adult from El Paso, Texas (Dunn). This last was presented by Bruner.
The Scudder collection has the typical form, under the name popeana,
from Texas.
The types of popeana have been studied, and I entertain no doubts
regarding its synonymy with the present species. Of the five speci-
mens in the Scudder collection labeled as types of popeana, the speci-
men figured has the longest ovipositor, and none of the other four
females have the ovipositor as straight as the figured specimen. No
specific characters were found by direct comparison of types to satis-
factorily separate popeana from scudder/, and therefore their synonymy
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. O00
seems quite certain. In his original description of popeana Scudder
states that some specimens, at least in the female and on one side, has
one or two spines on the inner carina of the anterior tibia above. This
statement was made by reason of an erroneous observation on the
part of the describer—that of mistaking the middle leg of the right
side of one of the specimens for the anterior one. These two legs
were twisted across each other at the base in such a manner as to re-
quire especial care to notice the displacement.
The males of seudder7 very much resemble those of /dostatus
sinuata. The types were taken in an outhouse at Mesilla Park, New
Mexico, and, as stated by Cockerell, are probably nocturnal. One
specimen was found killed by a centipede, Scolopendra heros.
EREMOPEDES BALLI Caudell.
Eremopedes balli CAupELL, Can. Ent., XX XIII, 1901, p. 100 (part): Proc. U. 8.
Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 807 (part).—Kuirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 192.
Description.—A much smaller species than either of the preceding
ones. Pronotum with well developed lateral lobes, the posterior
margin moderately sinuate, the disk more rounded
in front than behind, posteriorly meeting the lateral ae
lobes a little abruptly, there forming faint indications | )
of lateral carinve; median carina not indicated; anterior fis
margin of the disk truncate, the posterior margin trun- F'6. 38.—ERemors-
‘vate or subtruncate. Prosternum unarmed or armed Bee ata fa
with a pair of tubercles or short blunt spines. Lees
long, proportioned about as in the preceding species, the posterior
femora unarmed below, the anterior tibiz armed as in scvdder?. Wines
concealed in the female, in the male projecting somewhat beyond the
pronotum. Abdomen scarcely or but slightly carinate, moderately
plump. Cerci of the male as shown in fig. 38, projecting but. little
beyond the last abdominal segment. Ovipositor about as long as the
posterior femora.
General color brownish, lighter below. Head dark brown above,
paler on the face and ventral and lateral surfaces; mandibles reddish
distally with black teeth; pronotum dark above, pallid below, the
lateral lobes usually margined below with pale yellow and behind on
the upper portion, just below the obscurely indicated lateral carina,
narrowly margined with black. Legs brownish, the posterior femora
black at the apex and generally with one or two longitudinal black
streaks on the outer face; the posterior tibize are black basally and
the elytra of the males are blackish with yellowish margins and the
veins also yellowish.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male 5-6 mm., female, 5-6.5;
posterior femora, male, 15.5-17, female, 16-18; ovipositor, 13-17.
Type.—Cat. No. 6150, U. S. National Museum,
336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXIi.
Specimens examined.—Six males and two females from Williams
and Flagstaff, Arizona, all taken by Barber and Schwarz in July, 1901,
and several adults from Baboquivaria Mountains, Arizona (Snow).
These Williams and Flagstaff specimens, the types, and the name
balli is misleading, as the specimens taken by Mr. Ball and myself at
Fort Collins, Colorado, were not this species but belongs to Stcpator
stevenson’. The specimens before me when the original description
was drawn up comprised the specimens here described as well as those
taken by Ball and myself and that accounts for the statement that the
posterior femora are armed beneath when as a fact they are rarely if
ever soarmed. The omission of the Arizona habitat from the original
description was due to inadvertence and is deplorable inasmuch as
confusion is apt to exist owing to the unusual circumstances. This
species superficially resembles St¢pator stevenson’ so closely as to
make their confusion excusable. However, the cerci of the male will
serve for their easy separation. Some of the largest females are very
close to the smallest females of ephipphiata, but in such cases associa-
tion with the males can be relied upon for a correct determination.
This insect is probably nocturnal in habits though little is known
regarding it. The types were taken under bark. If it is nocturnal
in habit, living under bark, etc., in the daytime, it is in this respect
very different from Stipator stevensonii which it so resembles in appear-
ance. Professor Snow has taken /a/// in Arizona in the Baboquivaria
Mountains in which the ovipositor is several millimeters shorter than
usual, measuring but 13 mm.
EREMOPEDES BREVICAUDA, new species.
Description.—Female. Head medium in size, the vertex very broad
and prominent, nearly as broad as the interocular space, broader than
the width of one of the eyes; front well rounded. Eyes of moderate
size, not prominent, nearly round. Pronotum of medium size and
posteriorly considerably produced; lateral lobes well developed, slant-
ing, the humeral sinus broad and shallow; lateral and median carine
very broadly rounded, scarcely noticeable, but persistent, the former
parallel; pronotal disk broadly convex and longitudinally a little
bowed; anteriorly subtruncate, posteriorly rounded. The pronotal
disk is without transverse culci but has an obscure crescent-shaped
depression in the center. Prosternum unarmed. Elytra projecting
very slightly beyond the posterior margin of the pronotum. Legs
moderately stout; all the femora unarmed, the posterior ones much
and quite abruptly swollen on the basal three-fifths; anterior tibie
armed above on the outer side only with three spines; intermediate
tibia armed above on both margins. Abdomen moderately plump
and dorsally somewhat carinate. Cerci round, pointed, about three
times as long as the basal width. Ovipositor (fig. 39) very short and
subfalcate, not as long as the pronotum.
NO. 1530. THE DECTICINE OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 337
General eclare reddish lor ner n. Head with a narrow 7H obscure
brownish stripe extending along each side of the vertex to the back of
the head; eyes blackish. Pronotum with the lateral lobes slightly
darker than the disk, narrowly bordered along the humeral sinus with
light yellowish. Abdomen slightly infuscated above and on the sides,
marked longitudinally with moderately broad yellowish subdorsal
stripes. Ovipositor black at the tip, the sides narrowly yellowish as
is also the base. Tibie slightly infuscated; posterior femora longitu-
dinally marked on the outer face with a black streak.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 7 mm.; posterior femora, 13;
ovipositor, 6; width, pronotum across metazona, 3.5; posterior femora,
across widest part, 4, across narrowest point, 1; ovipositor, across
middle, 1.75.
Type.—tIn the collection the American Museum of Natural History,
New York City. ;
Specimens evamined.—The type, one female, Napa County, Califor-
nia (H. Edwards).
This is a very interesting little species and is placed in this genus
Fic. 39.—EREMOPEDES BREVICAUDA. ADULT FEMALE.
with some doubt. The persistent, but obscure, lateral carinze of the
pronotum, the broad vertex and the very short ovipositor are indica-
tive of generic distinctness, but until the other sex is known, it is
thought best to place it here. The pronotal carinz are very obscure,
but are made more apparent by reason of the pronotal disk being
slightly lighter in color than that of the lateral lobes. The very short
ovipositor is unique in the whole group as represented in the fauna
covered by the present paper.
For the loan of this specimen for study and description I am
indebted to Mr. William Beutenmuller.
EREMOPEDES ALBOFASCIATA Scudder and Cockerell.
Plagiostira albofasciata ScuppER and CocKerELL, Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat.
Sci., IX, 1902, p. 55, pl. mu, fig. 2.—Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., I, 1906, p. 195.
Plagiostira gracila Rean, Publ. Kans. Acad. Sci., 1905, p. 227.
338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII,
Description.—Female. Head small, not prominent, inserted deeply
into the pronotum; vertex moderately broad, nearly as broad as the
interocular space; front nearly straight, broadly convex. Eyes of
moderate size, scarcely prominent, nearly round, slightly flattened
anteriorly. Antenne slender, more than two times as long as the
body. Pronotum scarcely produced posteriorly over the basal seg-
ment of the abdomen; lateral lobes shallow, not more than one-half
as deep as long, nearly vertical below, above rounded into the disk
without indications of lateral carinze at any point; humeral sinus
slight, very shallow and broad; pronotal disk broadly rounded above,
with a slight but distinct transverse sulcus on the anterior fifth; pos-
terior margin broadly and shallowly concave, the
anterior margin subtruncate, very slightly con-
cave. Legs long and moderately slender; anterior
coxal spines long and sharp; posterior femora
moderately heavy, apically parallel for a little more
than one-fourth of their length, armed below on
the inner carina only with a few small stout sharp
black spinules; anterior tibiz armed above on the
outer margin only with three spines. Elytra con-
cealed beneath the pronotum, mere lateral pads,
black in color with light veins. Abdomen plump,
not carinate; cerci simple, conical, acute, about
three times as long as the basal width; supraanal
plate small, triangular, entire; last abdominal seg-
ment mesially incised apically. Ovipositor slightly
curved upward, longer than the posterior femora,
the tip smooth.
The color is described by Scudder as follows:
Apple green, conspicuously marked with a pair of latero-
dorsal white stripes, edged on both sides with dull pink,
running from behind the upper edge of the eyes across the
Fic. 40.—EREMOPEDES prothorax and abdomen, on the prothorax converging to
ALBOPASCIATA. APULT the anterior sulcus and thereafter subparallel (marking the
FEMALE (AFTER SCUD- nite :
ae position of the lateral carinze, were they present) on the
abdomen parallel, but at first diverging feebly and then
converging a little more; the lower margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum
edged as broadly with white, the white margined above with pink, and this white
stripe continues forward upon the head embracing the lower margin of the eye;
the vertical sides of the fastigium are white basally, edged above with pink; eyes
yellow with a large dark purplish patch; antennze with the basal joints green,
beyond luteous, soon passing into testaceous. Legs green, the fore and middle
femora faintly infuscated. Dorsal scutes of abdomen edged posteriorly and infe-
riorly with white, the white margined within with pink. Ovipositor green, becoming
testaceous apically.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 7 mm.; anterior femora, 8; pos-
terior femora, 27; ovipositor, 29. Width, pronotum at the posterior
border, 5.5.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 339
Type.—In the Musuem of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts.
Specimens examined.—The type specimen (fig. 40), a female taken
at Mesilla Park, New Mexico by Cockerell, August 12, on Atriplex
canescens, in the Scudder collection at Cambridge, the type of Rehn’s
P. gracila from Arizona and an apparently full-grown nymph from
Phoenix, Arizona (Kunze), in the National Museum.
The above-mentioned immature specimen was presented by Bruner.
It is almost exactly like the typeof Rehu’s P. gracéla which was kindly
loaned to me for study by Professor Snow of the University of Kansas.
After examining the type of Rehn’s species I unhesitatingly refer it to
the synonomy under the present species. Aside from being more slen-
der, due doubtlessly to immaturity, it presents no characters of sufh-
cient systematic value to warrant its recognition as a distinct species.
SINUS ACID OvVEt 1teVlaval
Orchesticus SaussuRE, Rey. Mag. Zool., XI, 1859, p. 201 (not of Cabanis, 1851) .—
Scupper, Guide Orth. N. A., 1897, p. 55; Cat. Orth. U. S., 1900, p. 76.
Stipator Rean, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX VII, 1900, p. 90; Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Philad., 1904 (1904), p. 543.—Kuirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 183.
Description.—Head of moderate size; vertex broad, about one-third
as broad as the interocular space. Pronotum large and posteriorly
moderately produced, rounded above, and without carine or with bare
traces on the posterior portion, where the disk is sometimes slightly
flattened; lateral lobes well developed; prosternum armed with a pair of
spines, sometimes short, but usually long, and always distinct. Elytra
of the female lateral and not, or barely, projecting beyond the pro-
notum, of the male overlapping above and projecting beyond the pro-
notum a distance equal to one-third the length of the pronotum or less.
Legs moderately stout, the posterior femora more than two times as
long as the pronotum and much swollen basally; anterior tibie armed
above on the outer margin only with three spines except in S. amer/-
canus where both margins are sometimes armed. Supraanal plate
small, rectangular in both sexes; cerci round, simple in the female,
in the male armed on the inner side with a large tooth; ovipositor
curved more or less upward, usually quite noticably so, and varying
in length from scarcely one-fourth longer to nearly three times longer
than the pronotum.
LType— Orchesticus americanus Saussure.
The variation in the armature of the anterior tibie is apparently
confined to the type species, none others examined exhibiting this
peculiarity. This is one of our largest genera, and the species is
distributed quite widely over the southern and western United States
and at least two species extend into Mexico. The species range in
size from the largest to the smallest of our Decticine. Asa rule they
340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
are quite rare, though occasionally some species are not uncommon in
certain localities. In food habits they are probably both herbivorous
and carnivorous.
Separate tables are given for the separation of the two sexes of
these insects. This was found desirable as it makes easier the deter-
mination of the species.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF STIPATOR—MALES.
A. Cereal tooth situated much beyond the middle of the cereus, as thick, or almost
as thick, and as long, or longer, than that portion of the cercus beyond it, api-
cally rounded. ;
B. Size large, pronotum 11-16 mm. in length. .--.-.--.-..----- americanus, p. 341
B’. Size small, pronotum 5-8 mm. in length.
C. Posterior femora longer, armed on the inner inferior carina with several small
but distinct spines; prozona nearly as convex posteriorly as anteriorly and
the posterior border well rounded’. 2-222 22-52 2-ee-e ee ee bruneri, p. 348
C’. Posterior femora relatively shorter, inconspicuously armed on the inner
inferior carina with a few very minute spinules; prozona slightly
flattened posteriorly and the posterior margin usually more truncate
sat cad astaks Dose See aeeee ae week Meee e cee eee Bee slevensonti, p. 344
A’, Cereal tooth situated about the middle of the cercus, not as thick nor nearly as
long as that portion of the cereus beyond it, apically acute.
B. Size smaller, pronotum 8-10 mm. in length.
C. Disk of the pronotum usually no lighter in color than the upper portions of
the lateral lobes and rounded, the lateral carinze not indicated.
D. Antenne usually banded. Body more robust...-.----.---- grandis p. 3847
D’. Antennze uniform in color. Body more slender.
grandis var. insignis, p. 349
©’. Disk of the pronotum always lighter in color than the upper portion of the
lateral lobes and slightly flattened, the lateral carinze often indicated.
nigromarginata, p. 346
BY. Size large; pronotum 11—13!'mm. im length2 22-2252 -- 22 )-eeee oe grandis, p. 347
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF STIPATOR—FEMALES.
A. Large, pronotum 11-16 mm. in length.
B. General color yellow; pronotum usually a little flattened posteriorly and there
with a trace of a median carina on each side of which is usually a broad
fuscous patch, strongly contrasted with the general color; ovipositor rarely
as libtletas:25smamy mel eno theese eee eee americanus, p. 341
B’. General color brown or yellowish-brown; pronotum not flattened posteriorly
and without a trace of median carina or fuscous patches; ovipositor rarely
over: 26mm. nile othe ae See oe er ee grandis, p. 347
A’, Smaller, pronotum 5-10 mm. in length.
B. Dorsal surface of the pronotum and the upper half of the lateral lobes usually
unicolorous; size variable.
C. Posterior femora inconspicuously spined on the inner-inferior carina with a
few very minute spinules.:. ..2. 22222 Lace 6 2 Soe a noe - SICDENSONT pease
C’. Posterior femora more conspicuously spined on the inner-inferior carina
with several small spines.
D. Larger, pronotum 9-10 mm. in length; posterior femora scarcely infuscated
apically.
EK. Stouter; antennz usually banded-..-.-..2.....-..2-..-.- grandis, p. 347
KE’. More slender; antennze uniform in color .... grandis var. insignis, p. 349
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 341
D’. Smaller, pronotum 7-8 mm. in length; posterior femora deeply infus-
CHUCCh AORN S bos sondaondpoenSeos GoesEa po eoe pe eeer bruneri, p. 348
B’. Pronotum dorsally light yellowish, always lighter colored than the upper half
of the lateral lobes, which are infuscated ; size medium, pronotum about
8 or 9mm., rarely 10 mm. in length.
GC. Posterior femora slender, more than five times as long as the basal width ;
lateral lobes well developed, fig. 44-.......--.----- nigromarginata, p. 846
C’. Posterior femora stout, less than five times as long as the basal width ;
lateral lobeslessideveloped= =... 2.2 = =. J-55 52S eee ateloploides, p. 350
STIPATOR AMERICANUS Saussure.
Orchesticus americanus SAussURE, Rey. Mag. Zool., XI, 1859, p. 201; Orth. Nova.
Amer., I, 1859, p. 5. —WaLKeEr, Cat. Derm. Salt. Orth. Brit. Mus., II, 1869,
p. 248.—Scupper, Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894, pp. 180, 183; Cat. Orth. U. S.,
1900, p. 76.
Stipator americanus Renn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XVII, 1900, p. 90.—Kirsy,
Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 185.
Anabrus haldemanii Grrarp, Marcy’s Expl. Red River, 1853, p. 259, pl. xv, figs.
5-8; 1854, p. 248, pl. xv, figs. 5-8.—WatLker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Orth. Brit.
Mus., II, 1869, p. 239..THomas, Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., I,
1871, p. 265; Can. Ent., XII, 1880, p. 223; Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., IT, 1881,
p. 259.—Guover, Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth., 1872, pl. vu, fig. 16.
Pterolepis haldemanii THomas, Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., V, 1872,
p. 441.
Thyreonotus haldemanii Bruner, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci., II, 1893, p. 31.
Stipator haldemanii Renn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX VIT, 1900, p. 90.—Krrpy,
© Syn. Cat. Orth., 11, 1906, p: 183.
Thyreonotus cragini Bruner, Bull. Washb. Coll., I, 1885, p. 129; 1886, p. 196;
Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci., III, 1893, p. 31.
Orchesticus cragini ScuppER, Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894, pp. 180, 183; Cat. Orth.,
UeS:, 1900p. 76:
Stipator cragini Rean, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX VII, 1900, p. 90.—Kirpy,
Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 183.
Description.—Head moderately prominent, no broader than the
front of the pronotum, into which it is quite deeply set; fastigium
one-third as broad as the interocular space, scarcely two times as
broad as one of the eyes; front but little convex; eyes medium in
size, moderately prominent, nearly round; antenn long and slender,
much longer than the body. Pronotum large and posteriorly much
produced over the base of the abdomen; lateral lobes well developed,
‘but not nearly as deep as long, nearly vertical, the posterior margin
strongly sinuous; lateral and median carinee wholly absent on the ante-
rior portion of the pronotum, on the posterior portion indicated more
or less plainly behind a transverse sulcus that crosses the disk some-
what behind the middle; pronotal disk rounded on the anterior por-
tion, behind the transverse sulcus, usually somewhat flattened, the
‘anterior margin truncate, posterior margin semicircularly rounded;
prosternal spines moderately long and slender. Wings lateral and
wholly concealed beneath the pronotum in the female, in the male
much overlapping above and projecting somewhat beyond the pro-
notum. Legs long and stout; anterior tibiz armed above on the outer
hel
849 PROCEEDINGS OF TH E NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII,
marein with three spines and on the inner margin with one or two
spines or unarmed; posterior femora more than two times as long as
the pronotum and much swollen on the basal two-thirds, usually
armed on the apical half beneath, on the inner carina with a number of
small sharp spinules, but sometimes very minute or wholly absent.
Abdomen large and plump, scarcely carinate above; cerci of the male
about four times as long as the basal breadth, bent inward on the apical
third and on the curved outer margin with a blunt tooth not as long
as the cireal width at that point (fig. 42), of the female simple, taper-
ing to a sharp point, about three or three and one-half times as long
as the basal width; ovipositor varying from one-sixth shorter to
slightly longer than the posterior femora, nearly straight in the basal
two-thirds, apically very moderately curved upward.
Figs. 41, 42.—STIPATOR AMERICANUS. 41, ADULT MALE. 42, CERCUS OF MALE.
General color yellow, the tip of the ovipositor usually infuscated,
the elytra of the males blackish, with yellow outer and apical margins;
the disk of the pronotum (fig. 41) has the posterior margin black and
behind the transverse sulcus marked on either side of the median
carina with a broad black band, usually very conspicuous, seldom
obscure, and very rarely indistinct or missing. The general color is
sometimes much darker than usual, but usually it is distinctly yellow.
Measurements. —Length, pronotum, male, 11-14 mm., female, 11-16;
posterior femora, male, 24-32; female, 26-39; ovipositor, 25-32; cerci
of male, 3.
Specimens examined.—A \arge number of specimens of both sexes,
both adult and immature, from various regions in the middle and
southern United States.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 343
Americanus occurs throughout the middle and southern United States
from Wyoming and Texas and east to Tennessee. The adults appear
as early as May in Texas, and specimensin the National Museum from
Kansas and Colorado are labeled as having been taken in September.
The present species is peculiar in having the anterior tibiz armed above
sometimes on one margin only and sometimes on both margins. Such
variability is unknown in any other member of the genus. Little diffi-
culty will be found in the identification of this large insect. The size
alone at once separates it from all other species except grandis and the
color, markings, length of the ovipositorand the structure of the cerci
of the male serve to easily separate it from that species.
The insect here described is very surely the americanus of Saussure.
In his deseription of the genus Orchesticus he describes the pronotum
as subcarinate, and this is the only species of the genus known to me of
which this is true, nor has any other of our species of Sf¢pator got ovi-
positors long enough to fit the measurements given by Saussure for
americanus. Thesynonomy of haldemanii and craginé with this species
has beenarrivedat by a careful study of descriptions and illustrations,
as wellas an examination of types of crag7n7and specimens of ha/demanii
in the U. S. National Museum.
In spite of the somewhat extended bibliography of americanus there
is nothing published, so far as known to me, bearing upon the life
history or habits.
STIPATOR BRUNERI, new species.
Description.—Head of moderate size, not prominent, quite deeply
inserted into the pronotum; fastigium prominent, one-third as broad
as the interocular space; front as in americanus. Eyes rounded, mod-
erately prominent; antenne very long and slender. Pronotum large
and much produced posteriorly; lateral lobes well developed, slightly
slanting outward and quite strongly sinuous behind; lateral and
median carinz not indicated at any point, the pronotal disk smooth
and evenly rounded, without transverse sulce or with a very incon-
spicuous one; anterior margin of the pronotal disk truncate, the pos-
terior margin semicircularly rounded; prosternal spines distinct,
usually short and somewhat blunt. Wings completely concealed
beneath the pronotum in the female, in the male overlapping dorsally
and projecting very little beyond the pronotum; anterior tibis armed
above on the outer margin only with three spines; posterior femora
long and shaped as in americanus, armed below on the inner carina
with several distinct but small spines. Abdomen moderately stout,
scarcely carinate; cerci of the male scarcely more than three times
as long as the basal width and apically forked, the outer branch blunt
and nearly ina line with the main body of the cercus and the inner
branch at a right angle with it and sharp pointed, a little decurved,
B44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
very Faailone to the fipure of aha cercl of the next species ie 43),
The cerci of the female are simple, pointed, about three times as long
as the basal width. Ovipositor short and heavy, usually but little
more than one-half as long as the posterior femora, but sometimes
three-fourths as long and curved upward.
General color brownish, sometimes yellowish brown; tip of the
ovipositor, knees of the posterior femora and edge of the posterior
margin of the pronotum blackish and the lower and posterior margins
of the pronotum usually, but not always, yellowish, much lighter than
the general color.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 7-8 mm., female, 7.5-8;
posterior femora, male, 21-24, female, 24-25; cerci, male, about 1.5;
ovipositor, 13-18.
Type—Cat. No. 10169, U. S. National Museum.
Material ecamined.—Five males, five females, Texas, Types, U. S.
National Museum, and specimens from the same State in the collections
of Scudder and Morse.
Described from two males and five females from Texas (Belfrage).
The Scudder collection contains one pair from the same collection,
and Professor Morse took a female at Quanah, Texas, on August 21.
This specimen has the ovipositor, 18 mm. long, 4 mm. more than the
other females studied. Otherwise it is normal.
The longer posterior femora with the more distinct ventral spines
and the usually shorter ovipositor will serve to separate this species
with considerable certainty from its nearer allies.
STIPATOR STEVENSONII Thomas.
Anabrus stevensonii THomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 75; Ann. Rept.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II, 1871, pp. 265, 266.—Gtuover, Ill. N. A. Ent.,
Orth., 1874, pl. xv, fig. 19. ;
Pterolepis stevensonii THomas, Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., V, 1872, p. 441.
Orchesticus stevenson ScupDER, Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894, pp. 180, 183; Cat. Orth.
We Seq WES jou 1/0
Stipator eeNSOMh Rean, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X X VII, 1900, p. 90.—Kirpy,
Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 183.
Anabrus minutus Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1870, p. 75; Ann. Rept.
U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II, 1871, pp. 265, 267.—Bruner, Publ. Nebr. Acad.
Sci., LD, 1893; p. ol:
Pterolepis minutus Tuomas, Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., V, 1872, p. 441.—
GLovER, Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth., 1872, pl. x1, fig. 17.
ee minutus ScuppER, Can. Ent., X XVI, 1894, pp. 180, 183; Cat. Orth.
URS L900 mp peiOsedie
ae tinnents Reun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX VII, 1900, p. 90.—Krrpy,
Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 183. <
Thyreonotus scudderi Bruner, Bull. Washb. Coll., I, 1885, pp. 129, 1380; 1886, p. 196;
Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci., III, 1893, p. 31.
Orchesticus scuddert ScuppErR, Can. Ent., X X VI, 1894, pp. 180, 183; Cat. Orth.,
U. 8., 1900, p. 77.
Stipator scudderi Renn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX VII, 1900, p. 90.—Krrsy,
Syn, Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 183.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 345
Description.—Head, pronotum, abdomen, and wings as in the pre-
ceding species except that the posterior margin of the pronotal disk
is less rounded than in bruner/, being sometimes almost truncate. Pro-
sternal spines variable, sometimes short and blunt and sometimes quite
long and sharp. Anterior tibize armed above on the outer margin
only with three spines, very rarely with four; posterior femora some-
what more abruptly swollen basally than in drwner7, and the inner carina
below is unarmed or armed with but a few very inconspicuous spinules,
‘arely at all prominent; cerci shaped as in dbriuner7, those of the male
relatively longer, as compared with the basal width (fig. 43). Ovi-
positor more slender than in drunert and generally considerably
longer, being from about two-thirds as long to fully as long as the pos-
terior femora.
Color as described under the preceding species and similarly variable.
Measurements.—Leneth, pronotum, male, 5-6.5 mm., female, 5-7;
posterior femora, male, 16-18, female, 15-21; cerci of male, about 1.5;
ovipositor, 14-18.
Type.—Cat. No. 1106, U.S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—Many specimens in various collections from
localities from South Dakota through Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado
to New Mexico. A male in the collection of the National Museum is
labeled ‘‘ Florida,” but very probably erroneously so.
Superficially this species resembles very closely a species of the
genus Eremopedes.“ I have taken it ona stony hillside in Colorado,
at the base of the mountains, actively hopping about during the middle
of the day. They are adepts at eluding capture, their color
harmonizing well with that of the surrounding grass and_ stones.
The synonymy of mnutus and stevensonii seems
very certain. The type of stevensont seems to be
lost, but the figure given by Glover shows no
specific differences between that species and
minutus. Glover's figure was made soon after b
the description of stevensonz, and as he always, | rie. 43—sriparor srevey-
when possible, drew from authentic specimens, 8°N1._ CERCUS AND Last
conclusions may usually be based upon his draw: ene ery 2a)
ings with considerable certainty. His figure
agrees in size with those given by Thomas, and the original description
fails to give any sufficient character for separating it from minutus.
A careful examination of the original descriptions of both stevensoni
and minutus, examination of the figures of both species by Glover
and a study of the types of ménutus and a series of additional speci-
mens of that species leads me to the conclusion that there is but one
species represented. The type of Bruner’s scwdder7 has been seen and
found to belong here.
a4See discussion under Hremopedes balli on p. 336.
346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
STIPATOR NIGROMARGINATA Caudell.
Orchesticus nigromarginata CAUDELL, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X X VITT, 1902, p. 89.
Stipator nigromarginatus Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 183.
Description.— Vertex moderately broad, about one-half as broad as
the interocular space; eyes rounded, anteriorly truncate, scarcely
prominent. Pronotum well produced prosteriorly; lateral lobes longer
than deep, the posterior margin sinuate; disk very slightly flattened;
lateral carine very slightly indicated but more noticeably located. by
the abrupt change in color from the usually light colored dorsum to
the infuscated upper portion of the lateral lobes; median carina not
indicated. Legs, wings, abdomen, cerci,and ovipositoras in grand/s var.
insignis. Color varying shades of brown with the upper part of the late-
ral lobes of the pronotum and sides of the abdomen nearly always black,
conspicuously contrasted with the top of the pronotum and abdomen
which are much lighter in color. This lateral infuscation of the pro-
notum and abdomen extends also onto the head, embracing the eyes and
Fig. 44.—STIPATOR NIGROMARGINATUS. ADULT FEMALE.
sides of the fastigium. The antenne are uniformly brown or, rarely,
light banded. The lateral infuscation of the sides is sometimes more
or less broken and the disk of the pronotum is sometimes, but rarely,
dark, not so distinctly contrasted with the sides.
Measurements.—Length, poner male, 7.5-8.5 mm., female, 8-10;
posterior femora, male, 22.5-23, female, 26-29; ovipositor, 16-21.5;
width, posterior femora at the hase: male, 3.75, female, 4.5.
Type.—Cat No. 6119, U. S. National Niccecrnn.
Specimens examined.—The type, a single female, from Texas (Bel-
frage), and a female (fig. 44) from Perkins, Oklahoma, August 13, and
material from Kansas and Texas.
In June and August, 1904, Prof. F. B. lsely, of Wichita, Kansas,
sent me some nymphs from Clearwater, Kansas, and Barber took
nymphs at Brownsville, Texas, in May. Inthe Scudder collection are
two males and one female from Lakin, Kansas, 3,000 feet, September
1, and one female from Texas and one from Georgia.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—OA UDELL. 347
In the central United States the young of nzgromarginata probably
issue in May and mature in July. Professor Isely writes me that the
nymphs make no attempt to escape capture by leaping, but only by
running. This seems almost incredible in view of the well-developed
posterior femora, which are certainly better fitted for leaping than for
running.
STIPATOR NIGROMARGINATUS var. GRISEIS, new variety.
Description.—Diftering quite distinctly from the typical form in
being light gray in color. The dorsum is somewhat lighter than
the upper part of the lateral lobes, as in typical specimens. It is a
good color form and is worthy of a varictal name.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 7.5 mm., female, 8.5;
posterior femora, male, 21, female, 26; ovipositor, 20; width, posterior
femora at the base, male, 3.75, female, 4.5.
Type.—Cat. No. 10171, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—One male, one female, Haigler, Nebraska
(Carriker), and other specimens in the Bruner collection.
STIPATOR GRANDIS Rehn.
Stipator grandis Rerun, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, pp. 544, 545.—Kuirpy,
Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 183.
Description.—Head quite large and prominent; fastigium promi-
nent, about as broad as the length of one of the rounded and moder-
ately prominent eyes; antenne long and slender. Pronotum large,
extending well back over the base of the abdomen; lateral lobes
longer than high and moderately slanting, the posterior margin mod-
erately sinuate; carine not Indicated, neither lateral nor median, the
disk uniformly rounded, usually slightly broader posteriorly; pos-
terior margin semicircularly rounded, anterior margin truncate.
Prosternal spines long and sharp. Wings wholly concealed beneath
the pronotum in the female, in the male projecting slightly, as in amer?-
canus. Anterior tibiz armed above on the outer margin only with three
spines; posterior femora more than two times as long as the pronotum
r=)
and much swollen on the basal three-fifths, armed beneath on the inner
carina with several short, sharp black spines; anterior femora armed
below on the inner carina with a few short stout black spines, the
middle femora sometimes with one or two similar ones. Abdomen
moderately heavy, usually more slender than that of americanus and
scarcely carinate. Cerci of the male about four times as long as the
basal width, and furnished on the inner side near the middle with a
heavy sharp tooth as long as the cercal width at that point, like that
of var. ¢nsignis (fig. 45). Cerciof the female simple, acute, and about
the same relative length as those of the male. Ovipositor variable in
848 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
length, varying from about one-half as long to nearly as long as the
posterior femora, moderately curved upward.
Color varying from dark to light brown, the antenne ringed with
brown; lateral lobes of the pronotum with the lower borders generally
noticeably lighter in color than the rest; sometimes the disk of the pro-
notum is much lighter than the upper part of the lateral lobe, while in
other cases the color is quite uniform. One specimen, a male from
Texas, has yellow stripes marking the sites of the lateral carine of the
pronotum and another, from Brownsville, Texas, has the disk green.
Tibial spines usually black at the base and the short spines on the
femora black.
Measurments.—Length, pronotum, male, 9-13 mm., female, 10.5-
13; posterior femora, male, 26-35, female, 32-37; cercus, saci, about
3, Ovipositor, 15-29.
Type.—In the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Specimens examined.—The type and other specimens from Mexico
anda number of individuals from Texas.
The type, a single female, is from Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, Mexico,
taken on June 27, by M. E. Hoag. The National Museum contains
two pairs—a female from Carrizo Springs, Texas, August 28, collected
by Dr. A. Wadgymar in 1885, a male from Brownsville, Texas, taken
by C. H. T. Townsend, and one pair taken at Brownsville, Texas, by
C. Scheffer.
Besides these I have seen specimens in the Scudder collection from
Eagle Pass, Texas, Montelovey, Mexico, and from Texas without
definite loc: Tie also a number of both sexes from Texas, in the col-
lection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Caaitles Mas-
sachusetts, and Bruner has specimens from Carrizo Springs, Texas.
Othersare in the Museumof the Brooklyn Institute of Artsand Sciences,
in Brooklyn, New York. Professor Morse has taken what he
says is this species in Oklahoma. Two pairs from Brownsville, Texas,
taken by Scheffer are much below the average in size, but seem to
present no structural differences. The size as represented by these
four specimens, one male and one female of which is in the National
Museum, a gift from the collector, are as follows:
Length, pronotum, male, 9mm., female, 10.5; posterior femora,
male, 26-28, female, 33; ovipositor, 15-18.
This species attains the largest size of any other member of the
genus except S. americanus. From americanus it is usually separable
with but little difficulty by the characters given in the table of species.
The color is quite variable, but the most striking variation is in the
length of the ovipositor. A complete gradation from the shorter to
the longer ovipositor exists, the following lengths represented by the
series examined: 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 28, 25,29. The cerci of young
males have the inner tooth much shortened.
No. 1530, THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL.
STIPATOR GRANDIS var. INSIGNIS, new variety.
Description. —Uead medium in size, not prominent; fastigium broad,
one-half or more as broad as the interocular space, very prominent.
Eyes medium, not prominent, well rounded. Pronotum very narrow
and slender, posteriorly much produced; lateral lobes well developed
but not as deep as long, the posterior margin strongly sinuous; carine
none; pronotal disk evenly rounded, anteriorly truncate, posteriorly
semicircularly rounded, no transverse sulci noticeable. Prosternal
spines well developed. Legs long, the posterior femora much but
gradually swollen on-the basal three-fifths, armed below on the inner
‘arina with several short stout sharp spines, directed backwards;
anterior tibiz armed above on the outer margin only with three long
spines. Wings concealed in the female, in the male the elytra overlap
above and project slightly beyond the pronotum. Abdomen long and
narrow, scarcely carinate above; cerci in the male round and armed
on the inner side about the middle with a large sharp tooth as long as
the cereal width at that point (fig. 45), in the female simple, pointed;
ovipositor about two-thirds as long as the posterior femora, moderately
stout and curved upwards in the apical third.
Color brown, usually darker at the tips of the posterior femora and
ovipositor; disk of the pronotum and the upper portions of the lateral
lobes usually unicolorous, disk of the elytra of the male black with
yellowish borders; lateral lobes of the pronotum mar-
gined below with yellowish; antenne uniformly light
brown in all specimens examined.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 9-9.5 mm.,
female, 9-10; posterior femora, male, 25-28, female,
27-31; ovipositor, 16-20.
Type.—Cat. No. 10170, U. 5. National Museum. Fig, 45,—STIPATOR
Specemens examined.—One male and three females, — ¢hAX?R VAR TS
the types, from Dallas, Texas, three males and five — ormaze.
females in the Scudder collection, all from the type
locality, and one male from San Antonio, Texas, June, in Professor
Bruner’s collection; also one male from Kansas, one immature speci-
men from Brownsville, Texas (Barber), and one adult female from the
same locality (Snow), in the National Museum collection.
Occasionally this variety has the sides of the pronotum black, as in
nigromarginata, to which species this is quite closely related in many
ways. But this insect is surely distinct from négromarginata, though
the differences are more easily seen than described. The more broadly
rounded pronotum of nzgromarginata, together with the more often
blackened lateral lobes of the pronotum, will usually serve to separate
it from this insect.
350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
STIPATOR ATELOPLOIDES, new species.
Description.—Female, head moderately large and well inserted into
the pronotum; vertex prominent and narrow, scarcely one-half as
broad as one of the eyes; interocular space as broad as one of the eyes;
eyes moderate in size and prominence, slightly longer than broad.
Pronotum large and posteriorly well produced, but the lateral lobes
are poorly developed, being so shallow as to give the insect a distinct
resemblance to members of the genus Ateloplus. The posterior mar-
gins of the lateral lobes are scarcely sinuous and the lateral and
median carine are not indicated. Pronotal disk regularly rounded,
subtruncate both anteriorly and posteriorly, not much broader behind
than in front, marked across the middle of the anterior half by ¢
shght transverse sulcus. Prosternum armed with a pair of short
erect spines. Legs stout; posterior femora much swollen on the
basal two-thirds, armed below on each margin with a few short, stout,
black spines; anterior tibiz armed above on the outer side with three
spines; middle tibiz armed above on both margins; anterior and inter-
mediate femora armed below on one side only with two or three short,
stout spinules. Elytra and wings wholly aborted. Abdomen plump,
obscurely carinate above; cerci short and stout, about two and one-
half times as long as the basal width and tapering to a point.
Ovipositor two-thirds as long as the posterior femora and curved
moderately upward. General color pale yellowish with the spinules
of the femora black, those of the tibie black at the base and at the
tip; abdomen sprinkled with nearly microscopic round, black spots,
the posterior margin of each segment with a row of the largest ones,
and marked on the side at the base with an elongate fuscous patch
which extends back to about the middle of the abdomen. This fuscous
patch is the continuation of a lateral thoracic band which bends
upward on the middle of the pronotum, leaving the lower margin of
the lateral lobes yellow and giving the pronotal disk a clepsydrate
appearance. The anterior and intermediate femora and tibiz are
splotched with fuscous, the former apically, the latter basally.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 7 mm.; posterior femora, 20;
ovipositor, 13; width, posterior femora at widest point, 4.5, at nar-
rowest point, 1.5. :
Type.—Cat. No. 10172, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—One female, the type, San Jose del Cabo,
Mexico. Presented by Professor Bruner.
This species is in general appearance an aberrent member of the
genus, though in general structure it is unmistakably a Stzpator. The
less slender posterior femora, and especially the shallow lateral lobes
of the pronotum, give it much the appearance of an Ateloplus, but the
armed prosternum prohibits its reference to that genus.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL.
ANABRUS Haldeman.
Anabrus HALDEMAN, Stansb. Expl. Utah, 1852, p. 371.—Herman, Verhandl. der
k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, XXIV, 1874, pp. 200, 209.—TuHomas, 2d
Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., 1880, p. 169.—Kirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906,
WO, iste
Description.—Head moderately large and prominent, quite deeply
inserted into the pronotum; eyes rounded and moderately prominent;
vertex quite prominent, about one-third as broad as the interocular
space. Pronotum large and much produced posteriorly; lateral
carine not indicated on the anterior half, posteriorly present but
blunt or obscure; median carina present on the posterior portion only
and there very obscure, sometimes scarcely discernible; disk smooth,
evenly rounded transversely on the anterior half, posteriorly some-
what flattened, a slight transverse sulcus across the anterior portion,
usually scarcely noticeable and never conspicuous, and marked near
the middle with a V-shaped sulcus or depression, usually quite notic-
able; anterior margin of the disk truncate, the posterior margin sub-
truncate or broadly rounded; lateral lobes well developed, posteriorly
sinuate. Prosternum unarmed. Wings of female broad, nearly but
not quite meeting on the dorsal line but wholly concealed beneath the
pronotum; of male overlapping, strongly convex and_ projecting
slightly beyond the pronotal disk. Legs short and stout, the posterior
femora less than two timesas long asthe pronotum, except in AL. dongipes,
and armed below on both margins with from one to several small
spines; anterior tibiv variable in armature, the outer side armed with
from three to five, usually four or five, spines and the inner side
unarmed or, usually, armed with from one to three spines, the usual
number being one or two. Abdomen plump, not carinate. Cerci
simple and conical in the female, in the male apically flattened and
furcate, the branches forming two sharp incurved claws; subgenital
plate apically broadly notched in both sexes, in the female with acute
angles and at the base on each side with an apically rounded lobe
which may be designated as the subgenital lobes; supraanal plate
triangular, usually almost hidden, especially in the male; ovipositor
varying in length from a little shorter to considerably longer than the
posterior femora and curved slightly and quite uniformly upfvard,
‘arely straight.
Type.—Anabrus simplea Haldeman.
The members of this genus and the one following comprise the only
injurious members of our Decticine. ‘Hordes of Anabrus at times
invade cultivated areas in the western United States and do immense
damage. They are known by several common names, among which
are great plains cricket, western cricket, war cricket, army cricket,
mormon cricket, Idaho cricket, coulee cricket, and Idaho devil. This
352 c PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXI1.
latter name, however, is more often applied to members of the steno-
pelmatid genus Stenopelmatus.
There has been recognized three distinct species of Anabrus, ranging
from the plains east of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, and some
orthopterists believe there are really many more species. In my study
of the genus I have examined several hundred specimens from localities
ranging from Kansas to California, north to Washington and British
Columbia, and from altitudes varying from the plains of Kansas to the
treeless heights of mountain peaks. Much time has been spent in
search for stable characters for the separation of the various described
species. So great is the range of variation in both structure and colora-
tion and so apparently distinct are the extremes that the multiplicity
of forms seemed at first certain, but such seems now scarcely probable
of proof. With but a few specimens from different localities before
him a worker will find the recognition of two or more forms easy, but
the examination of a long series usually merges the supposedly distinct
species into one. In 1897 Scudder” separates the species apparently
to his satisfaction. There he considers the form occurring in Wash-
ington and recorded as purpurascens to be not that species, but s7mplex.
But two years later, in his Catalogue of the Orthoptera of the United
States, he includes Washington in the habitat of purpurascens, thus
showing a reversal of opinion. An examination of the Scudder col-
lection shows no satisfactory division of this genus into species, a fact
expressive of the difficulty of the task. In the course of my investi-
gation and studies I found some promising characters, but upon trial
their value as stable means of separating the mass of material into
species proved unreliable.
Professor Gillette suggested, and for a time strenuously maintained,
that the relative lengths of the posterior and intermediate tibix were
of specific value for the separation of s¢mplexw and purpurascens, in
simplex the posterior tibize being less than two times as long as the
intermediate ones, while in purpurascens the hind tibiz are twice or
more than twice as long as the middle ones. But when determined by
this character both s/mplex and purpurascens were found in nearly
every State and Territory where either species is known to occur, and
material, obviously of one catch, yielded both species. The subgenital
lobes of the females also presented promising possibilities, but upon
trial were also found wanting. Their extending to or beyond the apex
of the subgenital plate seemed very suggestive of a differentiating
character, but the examination of a large number of specimens resulted
in the rejection of this as a specific character. Color is also useless,
as individuals of all shades are said to be found among living swarms.
Putnam says that scarcely any two of the many specimens seen in Mid-
dle Park, Colorado, were colored alike. Length and shape of ovipos-
a@Psyche, VIII, p. 95.
NO. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. ada
itor were bonsidored | as were also size and habitat, but none proved
serviceable for the separation of the specimens before me into species.
That Anabrus coloradus is but a form of A. s¢inplex is strongly indi-
cated by the fact that the author himself probably failed to prope rly
differentiate his own species since he mentions specimens occurring in
high altitudes in Colorado as purpurascens, while coloradus is certainly
the typically alpine form, and Scudder has pointed out that the high
altitude species mentioned by Thomas was not purpurascens, but
coloradus. Again, specimens which are very probably coloradus, from
Middle Park, Colorado, were treated of by Putnam and Thomas as 4.
simplex. This all goes to show that the separation of these species
was not satisfactory, and my reduction of them to varieties of one
species seems to me amply justified.
My studies have been confined almost entirely to cabinet specimens,
and future examination of living or fresh material may justify the
restoration of the varietal names here employed to specific rank and
the recognition of additional species. But for the present I am unable
to consider our described forms as representing more than one species,
recognizing, however, a number of named varieties. The habits of
all being ssscuiellle the same I consider indicative of their being con-
specific. This complex species and two new ones herein character-
ized may be separated by the following table:
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ANABRUS.
A. Posterior femora less than two times as long as the pronotum.
B. Cerci of the male with the apical branches not widely divergent (fig. =e
Smaller, pronotum of both sexes under 15 mm. in length... .-.: s eed (By 0) Be
B’. Cerci of the male with the apical branches widely divergent (fig. 48). ieee
pronotum of both sexes more than 15 mm. in length........- -cerciata, p- 361
A’. Posterior femora more than two times as long as the pronotum. - .Jongipes, p. 361
ANABRUS SIMPLEX Haldeman.
Anabrus simplex HaupeMAN, Stansb. Expl. Utah, 1852, p. 372, pl. x, fig. 4.—
AupricH, Bull. no. 41, Exp. Stat., Idaho, ie p: 302, fone Bull.
no. 56, Exp. Stat., Nevada, 1904, p. 10. pl.—Guituerrr, Ent. News, XV, 1904,
p. 321, pl. x1x.—GIL.erre and Jonnson, Bull. no. 101, Exp. Stat., Colorado,
1905, pp. 1-16, pl. 1.—Reun, Ent. News, X VII, 1906, p. 288. cee Syn.
Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 191. [Additional references in Scudder’s Index of
Orthoptera (1901). ]
Anabrus purpurascens Unter, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad., II, 1864, p. 550.—Houuts,
Bull. no. 38, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent., 1904, p. 107.—Kuirpy, Syn.
Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 191. [Additional references in Scudder’s Index of
Orthoptera (1901). ]
Acheta nigra Lorp, Nat. in Vanc., I, 1866, pp. 264-6.
Thamnotrizon purpurascens THomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1870, p. 76;
Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II, 1871, pp. 265, 268.
Anabrus similis ScuppErR, Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Nebr., 1872, p. 249; Can. Ent.
XXVI, 1894, pp. 181, 183.—Krrsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 191.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07——23
354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII,
Anabrus seopadne Tagan ie ee. ic 8. weenr Sury. Tee iy, 1872, p- 440.—
Krrpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 191. [Bibliography in Scudder’s Index
of Orthoptera (1901). ]
Anabrus sp. ScuppEr, Psyche, VIII, 1897, p. 95.
Description.—Head as described under the genus, the front moder-
ately full and: broadly rounded; antenne long and slender, the basal
segment broad, about one-half as large as one of the eyes. Pronotum
with the lateral carinze on the posterior portion moderately sharp and
distinct to very rounded and obscure, the median carina often almost
absent, sometimes quite distinct but always low; sulci of the disk as
described under the genus, variable in distinctness; posterior margin
of the disk varying in OuoEr often subtruncate but sometimes quite
rounded, Legs short, the posterior femora never quite twice as long as
the pronotum; anterior tibiz armed above on the outer side with from
three to five spines, usually four or five, and on the inner side with
one or two, sometimes with as many as three and sometimes unarmed.
Cerci of the male as shown at fig. 47; the branches are nearly parallel,
Fig. 46.—ANABRUS SIMPLEX. ADULT FEMALE.
the interspace being U-shaped, both branches curved strongly inwards,
the lower being acute and considerably the longer, the upper some-
times blunt, scarcely pointed. Subgenital lobes of the female varying
in length, sometimes extending just to the end of the subgenital plate
and again reaching distinctly beyond it. Ovipositor varying from
shorter to considerably longer than the posterior femora and in shape
from nearly straight (fig. 46) to moderately curved upwards, usually
distinctly curved.
Color varying from light yellow to shiny black, often, especially in
life, grass green. The body is sometimes uniform in color and some-
times evenly mottled or varyingly marked.
Measurements.—Lenegth, pronotum, male, 7-14.5 mm., female 9-15;
posterior femora, male, 12-23, female, 14-26; posterior tibia, male,
11-22, female, 13-26; initommediate tibia, male, 5-13, female, 6.5-14;
ovipositor, 15-28.
Specimens examined.—Numerous specimens from almost the whole
of the United States west of the States bordering the Mississippi river.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 355
Four forms of this species are here recognized and named. — Coloradus
is probably worthy of varietal distinction, but the others are given
names only asa matter of convenience, not being considered as of more
than mere color-variational distinctness. These forms may be sepa-
rated by the following key.
KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF ANABRUS SIMPLEX.
A, Larger pronotum generally more than 11 mm. in length.
B. Color variable but not shining black.
Ces hoomen unILOrmiuineCOlOT! 2.2555 .2265250% dsctee nates ie. ose SIMPLER, ip. d
C’. Abdomen mottled uniformly with gray.................-- maculatus, p. 856
B’. Color shining black, the lower margin of the pronotum, the posterior legs and
the middle portion of the ovipositor sometimes lighter in color. . nigra, p. 3895
A’. Smaller pronotum generally no more than 11 mm. in length.
B. Usual color brown or green, the abdomen not marked with gray - coloradus, p. 356
B’. Usual color varying shades of brown, the abdomen mottled with gray.
maculatus, p. 356
The typical form, has for synonyms purpurascens Uhler and s¢ii7/is
Scudder. Specimens taken at one locality, Fort Collins, Colorado,
exhibit ovipositors nearly straight and scarcely longer than the
posterior femora to quite strongly curved upward
and considerably longer than the posterior femora.
These specimens also vary in color from yellowish
to dark shiny brown.
FIG. 47.—ANABRUS SIM-
This form, as here considered, seldom has the 22%. CFRcUS oF
pronotum less than 12 mm. long, rarely but 11.5. sic
It ranges from the plains of Nebraska to California and occurs froma
few hundred feet altitude to several thousands, in the mountainous
districts of considerable elevation merging into the stunted form
known as coloradus. The specimens occurring in Nebraska and other
eastern localities are usually lighter in color than ones from the west,
and the posterior femora seem to be somewhat less robust and a little
shorter.
ANABRUS SIMPLEX var. NIGRA, new variety.
Description.—This is a form distinguished by its shiny black color.
The lower margins of the lateral lobes of the thorax are sometimes
yellowish and the posterior legs and the middle portion of the oviposi-
tor of the females are often lighter in color. The subgenital lobes of
the females reach the apex of the subgenital plate and the ovipositor
is moderately upcurved and considerably longer than the posterior
femora. A longer series would probably show variation in these
respects as there is in the typical form.
Measurements. —Length, pronotum male 12.5-14 mm., female 11.5-14;
posterior femora, male 20-21, female 20-24; ovipositor 23-26.
Type.—Cat. No. 10176, U. S. National Museum.
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXM.
Specimens eramined.—Two male, four femaies, Idaho; one female,
Blue Lake, Idaho; one female, Plush, Oregon; two females, four males,
Eddy, Route County, Colorado.
This is merely a color variety, and grades quite imperceptibly into
the typical form.
ANABRUS SIMPLEX var. MACULATUS, new variety.
Description.—Averaging smaller than the typical form. The color
raries from yellowish brown to dark brown, the abdomen mottled
regularly with gray. The lower margins of the lateral lobes of the
thorax is sometimes yellowish. The subgenital lobes of the female in
all specimens examined extend to the apex of the subgenital plate;
ovipositor but little or no longer than the posterior femora and usually
considerably curved upwards.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 10-11 mm., female, 9.5-12;
posterior femora, male, 17—17.5, female, 17-20; ovipositor, 17-20.
Type.—Cat. No. 10177, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—Two males, five females, Fort Walsh, Brit-
ish Columbia, September; eight males, six females, Mount Rainier,
Washington, August 25; one female, Bismarck, North Dakota, July;
one female, New Mexico; one male, one female, Nebraska, labeled
Lincoln, but probably taken one hundred miles or more northwest of
there in the sand hills.
The maculation of the abdomen of this form gives it somewhat the
appearance of being hairy. The female from Bismarck, North Dakota,
is labeled by Thomas as purpurascens. It is the one figured in How-
ard’s Insect Book. The unusual color, especially of fresh specimens,
gives this form quite a characteristic appearance. Intermediate forms,
however, lead from it to typical s¢mplex. The series taken on Mount
Rainier by Mr. Burke was examined when quite fresh and the speci-
mens were found to be quite uniform in size and coloration. The
grayish mottling of the abdomen has a tendency to fade out in dried
specimens. These Mount Rainier specimens were found singing in
the sun about noon.
ANABRUS SIMPLEX var. COLORADUS Thomas.
Description.—A small subalpine or alpine form. The color of liy-
ing specimens seems to be usually grass green, but there is variation
in color here as in the typical form. The subgenital lobes of the
female vary in backward extension, some reaching the apex of the
subgenital plate and others falling somewhat short of it. The ovipos-
itor is more or less upeurved and varies in length from slightly longer
to much longer than the posterior femora.
Cabinet specimens of this form exhibit all shades of coloration.
The type-specimens, which were preserved in spirits and probably
NO. 1530. THE DECTICINE OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 357
much discolored, are now in the National Museum. They are nearly
yellow with the posterior portion of the upper part of the lateral
lobes of the pronotum, just below the lateral carine, black, as are
also the margins of the abdominal segments. Some specimens, prob-
ably ones killed soon after transformation, are wholly yellow, while
others are nearly black.
Measurements. —Length, pronotum, male, 7-11.5mm., female, 9-11.5;
posterior femora, male,12.5-19, female, 14-21; ovipositor, 16-24.
Type.—Cat. No. 1107, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens eramined.—The types, two discolored alcoholic speci-
mens, male and female, from ‘‘ eastern Colorado,” and specimens from
Colorado—Pikes Peak, Manitou, Longs Peak, Palmer Lake, Colorado
Springs, Lakespur, South Park, Ward, Livermore, and summit of
Vega Pass; from Cumbres, New Mexico, southern Idaho, northern
Utah, and Fort McLeod, British America. Also specimens referable
to this form from Wallace County, Kansas, and Lincoln, Nebraska.
These specimens represent the merging of this ordinarily higher alti-
tude form with the ordinary prairie form. Specimens of coloradus
from high altitudes are invariably smaller than those from places of
less elevation. Thus the specimens from Livermore and Colorado
Springs are decidedly larger than ones taken high up in the mountains.
These larger specimens inhabiting the lower altitudes merge quite
imperceptibly into typical stmplex. Coloradus seldom occurs below
6,000 ft. altitude.
Anabrus simplex, with its several races, is, economically, our most
important member of the subfamily Decticine. Great bodies at times
march from their breeding places in neighboring hills into the sur-
rounding cultivated fields, causing great damage. Such swarms are
often several miles in extent, and usually, I believe, consist of the
typical form with some of the variety nigra. Such an invasion
occurred in Route County, Colorado, in 1904, and is thoroughly dis-
- cussed by Gillette and Johnson in Bulletin No. 101 of the Colorado
Experiment Station, where the habits and life history are ably de-
scribed. Doten,“ discusses the question of remedies, while a short
summary of the subject is given by Aldrich in Bulletin No. 41 of the
University of Idaho. The breeding habits are treated of by Gillette.’
For a thorough study of this interesting species the above-mentioned
articles, as well as other older ones, should be consulted.
This insect generally breeds in hilly places where vegetation is
scarce, preferring clay soils containing surface cracks which facilitates
the insertion of the ovipositor. In ovipositing, the female brings
the tip of her ovipositor forward beneath the abdomen and forces it
nearly perpendicularly into the ground. The eggs are chocolate
4 Bulletin No. 56, Nevada Experiment Station.
b Entomological News, xv, pp. 321-324.
358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
arin mien first deposited, pues soon dy to a gray vish color. They
are about one-fourth of an inch in length by one-sixteenth wide and
are nearly straight. So numerous are the eges, which are laid loose
in the soil, the upper ones sometimes sticking partially above the sur-
face, that as many as three thousand have been counted in a square
foot of soil. A single female may lay over one hundred eges, but the
egg-laying period probably extends over a considerable period of
time, as ove of various stages of development are found in the ovaries
at one time. The copulation of this insect presents interesting fea-
tures. The position of the male in copulation is curled beneath the
female or lying on his back beneath her, being dragged about as she
walks. The transference of seminal fluid inclosed in a sac is recorded
as follows by Gillette in his article in Entomological News, from which
many of the facts here stated were taken:
While studying the habits of this wingless grasshopper, near Eddy, my attention
was attracted by the large white masses of jelly-like material that were attached to
the abdomens of the females just beneath the ovipositors. They had also been
noticed by the ranchmen, who spoke of them as ‘‘ white sacs’’ and ‘‘blubber.”? I
concluded the phenomenon must be associated in some way with the process of fer-
tilization, and began an investigation. By pinching the abdomens of several females
having the white masses attached I found they could be removed without breaking
or tearing any organ, and that they were held in place by the vulva, which grasped a
small portion or lobe. Several examples of both sexes were then taken at random
from the swarm, and their abdomens were opened in search of this body, but it was
not found. I noticed, however, that the seminiferous tubules of the males were
filled with a milky white fluid before copulation, and that after copulation they
were empty and yellow in color. A male and female in copula were then separated,
just before the close of the process and before the sperm mass had made its appear-
ance. The male abdomen was then pinched, so as to crowd the contents toward
the end, and a sperm mass, exactly like those taken from the females, was obtained.
I therefore concluded that during copulation the males fill these sacs with seminal
fluid and then transfer them bodily to the females, who seize them by two small
lobes. The females carry these conspicuous white objects about for a time, extracting
a portion, at least, of their contents for the fertilization of the ova. After two or
three hours these masses disappear entirely, but whether the contents are largely
taken in by the female or whether she rejects the greater portion after extracting
the spermatozoa I did not determine.
Cabinet specimens occasionally retain the sacs mentioned in tbe
above extract, such being true of a specimen of the variety coloradus
from aes Colorado. The angular corners of the subgenital
plate seem to aid the subgenital lobes in retaining the sac. I have
seen similar sacs attached to the female of scudderia furcata Brunner.
Gillette says that mating was apparently done mostly in the early
morning, as the females carrying seminal sacs were most numerous
about 9 or 10 o’clock in the forenoon, scarcely any occurring after
midday. The egg-laying period seems to extend through July and
August and well into September, the young hatching as early as
March, and are often subjected to severe temperature, which, how-
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 359
ever, they are able to endure with little fatality. The young are thus
described by Gillette from living specimens.
When first hatched, the crickets are a light flesh color throughout, except the black
eyes, but soon become quite black, with a broad, flesh-colored stripe the entire length
of the back. Along the middle of this light dorsal stripe are two black lines sep-
arated by a narrow line of the flesh color. The hind margin of the cape, or prono-
tum, immediately above the front pair of legs, is very conspicuously light yellow,
almost white. Antenne somewhat longer than the body, and black.
The legs of the young nymphs are longer in proportion than in the
adult forms, though Gillette does not mention this peculiarity in the
‘above quoted description. The posterior femora of the young are
more than two times as long as the pronotum, which is never the case
in the adult form.
The adult males chirp in the morning hours, ceasing about 10 o’clock,
except when disturbed by something, when they make a sharper note
of warning, causing those in the vicinity to hop in various directions.
Activity ceases at night, the insects usually retiring to rest beneath or
in bushes. In 1879, Thomas stated that their activity is greater at
night, but more recent observers say otherwise. I found the alpine
form, coloradus, stridulating in the middle of the day, as I also observed
the prairie form to do.
The food of this insect is varied. They will eat sage brush, but
seem to prefer more succulent food, either wild or cultivated. Field
grainand grasses, potatoes, and most garden truck are greedily devoured
by them. Peas and timothy are said to be but little favored by them
as articles of diet. They are not confined to a vegetable diet, being, in
fact, rather partial to animal matter, especially disabled members of
their own kind. Gruesome, indeed, are the feasts often held by these
cannibals off an unfortunate brother or sister. Spent females, weak-
ened by exertion of oviposition, often furnish a luxurious repast for
other stronger individuals. Their cannibalistic habits are probably
similar to those of Peranabrus scabricollis, a discussion of which appears
under that species. Flesh of any kind is acceptable to the Anabrus,
dead snakes being eaten as readily as cooked fish. Worms and various
insects are eaten by them, and they have been observed to climb bushes
to feed upon the cicadas, which they grasp by the wings. They are
also fond of fresh horse manure, and also eat cow dung. In fact, they
will eat nearly anything, and, as stated by Gillette, an insect with such
food habits is not likely to die very soon of starvation.
While the Anabrus eats nearly anything that comes in its way, it is
not itself exempt from being eaten. They are supposed to have at
one time formed an article of diet among the Indians of the valley of
the Great Salt Lake. They were eaten cooked or raw, with no other
preparation than the removal of the head and legs. There are a
number of natural enemies that prey on the Anabrus. Among animals
seen eating them may be mentioned the bear and the wolf, and the
360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII,
hog is said to be fond of them. Birds prey somewhat extensively
upon them, the hawk, crow, ptarmigan, lark, grouse, gull, and
blackbird being among those credited with eating them. A large toad
has been reported as following creeks to feed upon the drowned
specimens, while fish have been recorded as gorging themselves on the
drowned crickets. No insect enemies are known, but specimens have
been found infested internally with hair-worms. A large wasp,
LPalmodes moris Kohi, preys upon the allied Peranabrus scabricollis
and may also attack this insect, though no record of its doing so has
yet appeared. Red mites have been recorded as occurring on the
Anabrus.
When vast hordes of Anabrus appear, laying waste large areas of
cultivated fields, they form a scourge not easily combatted. Every-
thing in their line of march falls before their ravenous appetites.
Bodies of water of considerable size are bridged by the thousands of
the drowned and across march the millions. Armies of the advanc-
ing hordes often extend over a mile, the ground over which they
move being literally covered by the slowly moving mass. . The rate of
travel is probably little more than one-half mile a day, though it has
been recorded as twice that much. Since the earliest settlements the
ranches of the arid west have suffered from the ravages of these insects,
and portions of Idaho and neighboring States seem to suffer more or
less nearly every year.
A number of remedies against this pest have been tried and recom-
mended. The papers of Doten, Aldrich, and Gillette, above mentioned,
should be read for information regarding various remedies. Herding
the army off cultivated fields, fencing them out by means of vertical
walls of tin, wood, oil-cloth or other material, killing the insects by
poisons, trampling by sheep, crushing with rollers, trapping in
vertical-sided trenches, and killing with oil have all been considered.
The effectiveness of oil in killing the pests is a matter of some dispute.
It seems as if the insects are able to resist quite thorough applications
of even pure kerosene, recovering, according to Professor Gillette,
after a moderate spraying, but dying when immersed in it. Poisons
act too slowly to be of practical value in times of invasion. Herding
and fencing are probably the best methods of warding off their attacks.
The suggestion has been made of innoculating migrating hordes with
fungus disease, but the dryness of the climate of the infested regions
would scarcely favor the success of such experiments.
The insect figured by Woodworth in Bulletin No. 149 of the California
Experiment Station, fig. 84, as A. s¢mplex is certainly not this species,
but some long-legged dectician, probably a species of the genus .
Cacopteris.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINZE OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 361
ANABRUS CERCIATA, new species.
Description.—Pronotum with the lateral carine rounded; median
carina scarcely indicated; disk with the posterior margin evenly
rounded. Anterior tibiz armed above with five spines on the outer
‘arina and two or three on the inner. Cerci of the male as in fig. 48,
the branches widely divergent, the lower branch the longer and cury-
ing perpendicularly downward, the tip inclined somewhat inward; the
shorter branch directed inward at nearly right angles to the main body
of the cereus and the tip curving downward; (fig. 48) cerci of the female
long, basally swollen and apically attenuate, very sharply pointed.
Subgenital lobes of the female slightly exceeding the subgenital plate.
Ovipositor as long as the posterior femora, very slightly curved
upwards.
Color brownish with obscure vellowish mottlings; lateral lobes of the
pronotum not margined; ovipositor reddish-brown, darker at the tip.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 16-16.5
mm., female, 18; posterior femora, male, 27-29, female,
30; intermediate femora, male and female, 11; posterior .
tibia, male, 26-80, female, 29; intermediate tibia, male, Fic. 48.—ANazrvs
14, female, 12.5; ovipositor, 30. nee i
Types. —Cat. No. 10178, U.S. National Museum (male)
and in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (female).
Specimens examined.—One male, Washington (Morrison); a second
male from the same locality is in the Bruner collection, the source of
the type, and a female in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy
of Natural Sciences from the Le Conte collection taken on the Colum-
bia River in Oregon.
This species is distinguishable at a glance from any of the other
described species of the genus by the unusually large size, and the
males are even more readily distinguished by the structure of the
cerci.
ANABRUS LONGIPES, new species.
Description.—Head scarcely prominent, no broader than the anterior
portion of the pronotum, into which it is quite deeply inserted; vertex
moderately prominent, convex, not sulcate; first segment of the
antenna scarcely half as large as the vertex as viewed from the front;
eyes rounded, not prominent. Pronotum smooth, almost shiny; disk
marked on the middle with two short posteriorly convergent sulci,
sometimes united to form a U-shaped sulcus; posterior margin of the
disk broadly rounded. Legs long, the posterior femora (fig. 49) more
than twice as long as the pronotum and armed below with a few short
stout spinules on each side; anterior tibize armed above on both mar-
gins, the outer margin with four or five spines, the inner with from
one to three. Wings barely meeting above and not extending beyond
362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, Sx0r
the pronotum in the female, in the male overlapping, strongly convex
and extending a very little beyond the pronotum. Abdomen stout
and plump, very inconspicuously carinate; supraanal plate of both
sexes subtriangular, centrally depressed; subgenital plate of female
broadly concave apically with the side angles sharp, elongate and bent
inwards, of the male elongate and apically triangularly incised, the
apical stylets missing from the only specimen seen; subgenital lobes
of the female elongate, apically narrowly rounded, about two times as
long as broad and reaching to the tip of the subgenital plate; cereci of
the female simple, cylindrical, about two times as long as the basal
width and apically pointed, of the male shaped as in s/mplex. Ovi-
positor very moderately curved upwards, about as long as the pos-
terior femora.
Color dark brown with the top of the pronotum, at least the
posterior half, generally yellowish and the posterior femora are
Fic. 49.—ANABRUS LONGIPES. ADULT FEMALE.
usually, but not alWays, vellowish, especially towards the apex; the
face is yellowish brown and the abdomen is sometimes lighter on the
basal half of each segment.
Measurements.— Length, pronotum, male, 12.25 mm., female, 12.5-13;
posterior femora, male, 26,4 female, 27-29; ovipositor, 26-28.
Type.—Cat. No. 10179, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—One male, two females, Pullman, Washing-
ton, August, taken by C. V. Piper.
The general structure of this long-legged species is so similar to
A. simplex that the breeding habits are very probably as described
under that species. The female quite likely carries the seminal sac of
the male as described under s¢mplex, as the structure of the subgenital
lobes and plate seems fitted for the purpose of holding the sac as it is
in that species.
PERANABRUS Seudder.
Peranabrus ScuppER, Can. Ent., XX VI,-1894, pp. 178, 181; Guide N. A. Orth.,
1897, p. 56; Cat. Orth. U. S., 1900, p. 77.—Krirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906,
p. 192.
«The left hind leg is abnormal, the femur measuring barely 24 mm.
No, 1530. THE DECTICINE OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 3638
Description.— Head large and broad, slightly broader than the pro-
notum and quite prominent, vertex moderately prominent one-third as
broad as: the interocular space; eyes rounded, scarcely prominent.
Pronotum large, posteriorly moderately produced, lateral lobes well
developed, moderately declined and posteriorly sinuate; lateral and
median carine present, dull but persistent, the former converging
somewhat near the middle of the anterior fourth; disk seabrous,
without distinct transverse sulci, truncate both in front and behind,
sometimes slightly rounded or angulate behind. Abdomen plump,
distinctly cafinate dorsally. Legs short, the posterior femora less
than two times as long as the pronotum, unarmed below or, rarely,
_ with one or two very obscure short spines; anterior tibie armed
above on the outer side only with from three to five spines. Wings
as in Anabrus. Cerci of the female somewhat compressed basally,
spically acute; of the male large, stout, apically somewhat depressed
and broadened, the inner apical angle forming a short tooth with a
sharp naked point (fig. 53); subgenital plate of the male apically
triangularly incised, of the female with the apical incision somewhat
broader with the lateral angles acute, somewhat as in Anabrus, and
like that genus furnished at the base with a pair of subgenital lobes
which, however, are here sharply angulate instead of rounded; supra-
anal plate as in Anabrus. Ovipositor curved moderately upwards and
considerably longer than the posterior femora.
Type.—Thamnotrizon scabricollis Thomas.
This genus very much resembles in general form the genus Anabrus.
The scabrous pronotal disk, the shape of the male cerci, and the arma-
ture of the anterior tibizx will serve to easily separate it from that
genus. We have but one known species.
PERANABRUS SCABRICOLLIS Thomas.
Thamnotrizon scabricollis Tuomas, Ann. Rept. U. S$. Geol. Surv. Terr., V, 1872,
p. 441.—Guover, Il]. N. A. Ent., Orth., 1872, pl. x11, fig. 6.
Peranabrus scabricolliis ScuppEr, Can. Ent., X X VI, 1894, pp. 181, 183; Cat. Orth.
U.S., 1900, p. 77.—Prprr, Bull. No. 46, Div. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1904,
pp. 60-61.—Snoperass, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XI, 1903, pp. 183-188, pls.
Xu, x1u1; XII, 1905, pp. 74-82, pls. 1, 11.—Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906,
Joe whehze
Description.—Head slightly broader than the anterior margin of
the pronotum into which it is well indented; vertex moderately prom-
inent; front broadly rounded, moderately full; eyes small, scarcely
prominent: antenne slender, the basal segment broad. Pronotum
moderately large and considerably extended posteriorly, the lateral
lobes well developed but not as deep as long, slanting very moderately,
and the posterior margin quite strongly sinuate; lateral carinee mod-
erately prominent but dull, nearly straight, diverging from in front
backwards; pronotal disk scabrous, subtectiform, broader behind
364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, Xxx
than in front, anteriorly and posteriorly truncate, without transverse
sulei;) median carina persistent but low and dull. Prosternum
unarmed, Legs short, the posterior femora (fig. 50) much swollen on
the basal three-fourths, less, or no more, than twice as long as the
pronotum, rarely armed beneath and then with but one or two minute
spines; anterior tibiz armed above on the outer side only with from
three to five spines. Wings as in Anabrus, except that those of the
male are apically more pointed. Abdomen plump, carinate dorsally.
Cerci of the female simple, pointed, rapidly tapering; of the male
heavy, depressed at the tip and broadened, the inner angle forming a
short, sharp incurved spine (fig. 51); subgenital plate triangularly
4
50
Fias. 50, 51.—PERANABRUS SCABRICOLLIS. 50, ADULT MALE (AFTER SNODGRASS). 51, CERCUS OF
MALE.
incised in the male, the terminal styles about four times as long as
broad; subgenital plate of the female broadly incised; subgenital lobes
of the female elongate triangular, more than twice as long as the basal
breadth and tapering regularly to a point, often, in cabinet specimens,
lving very close to, or apically curved under, the edge of the subgen-
ital plate, the end of which it just reaches. Ovipositor moderately
curving upwards, considerably longer than the posterior femora and
apically pointed and unarmed. (Fig. 52).
Color dark brown or dark reddish brown, in cabinet specimens often
discolored, being yellowish brown; the lateral lobes of the pronotum
are margined below and behind with yellowish, and the elyta of the
No. 1530. THE DECTICINE OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. > BO
males are bordered behind and on the sides with the same color. The
under side of the body is light in color and the legs are often yellowish
brown, the outer face of the posterior femora often spotted or mottled
with black and yellowish brown.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 7.5-9.5 mm., female,
7.5-10.5; posterior femora, male, 14.5-18, female, 15-19; ovipositor,
20-24.
Type.—Cat. No. 1108, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—The male and female types from Montana,
and specimens from the following localities in Washington: Baird
(May), Coulee City, May 30 (Piper), and Blue Mountain, July 15.
This species is very nearly allied in general appearance as well as
habits to Anabrus simpler. Like that species it often occurs in vast
numbers, devastating cultivated crops. Such occurrences, however,
Fig. 52.—PERANABRUS SCABRICOLLIS. ADULT FEMALE (AFTER SNODGRASS).
have so far been reported only in the State of Washington. The same
remedies apply to it as in the case of invasions by Anabrus. The inter-
nal anatomy of this insect is given by Mr. Snodgrass, as is also the
habits and life history. The following notes are mostly taken from
the articles of this writer:
The common name of ‘‘Coulee cricket” is often applied to this
insect, suggested by the insect’s partiality to regions in or about can-
yons known by that name. They seem to breed in desert lands, but
often migrate into cultivated areas, there doing much damage. By
the first of June most have reached the adult stage. When not migrat-
ing they move about or sit motionless under bushes. Their usual
gait is a slow walk, but when frightened they will jump. They ordi-
narily walk ata rate of about ten feet a minute. When they leap
they cover a distance of from three to four inches at a jump. ‘They
366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
seem perfectly void of fear, climbing all over one’s person unless per-
sistently brushed off. The usual chirps of the male are uttered in
regular and rather slow succession, averaging between 90 and 100
beats a minute; when disturbed they stridulate sharply and more
rapidly, with a decided angry tone. Like Anabrus this insect is omniy-
orous and shows the same decided cannibalistic tendencies, seeming
especially fond of its own kind as an article of diet. Crops from
specimens having fed on vegetable matter were filled with a green
pasty mass, quite readily distinguished from the brown pulpy mass
resulting from cannibalistic feasting.
Migrating bands seem to begin moving late in the afternoon, the
fore part of the day being occupied in sitting still or walking aimlessly
about. When traveling they move closely massed, a cricket to nearly
every square inch of space, about fifteen crossing a given point every
minute. z
The mating habits are thus described by Snodgrass:
From about 10 o’clock until noon mating takes place between the males and
females. During this act the male is beneath the female. The former while court-
ing the female chirps continually with his wings, and, advancing backwards and
obliquely sideways towards the female from in front, tries to push his abdomen
beneath hers. Sometimes the female makes no resentment, but often the male has
his patience sorely tried. One was observed for twenty minutes attempting to make
a female accept.him before she finally did so.
Although the male is the active party during courtship the fertilization of the
female depends on an act of her own. The ovipositor is directed downward, or its
tip braced against the ground; the opening of the bursa copulatrix behind the eighth
sternum is then brought against the tip of the male’s abdomen. After about five
minutes a large white mass of tough albuminous matter is ejected by the male into
the barsa copulatrix of the female. The pair then separate, but the white mass
hangs from the abdomen of the female as a large bilobed appendage, and apparently
causes her much annoyance.
It is not evident what the function of this albuminous mass is, but it looks like
simply a plug to close the bursa copulatrix. In the male a great mass of tubular
accessory glands open into the ejaculatory duct, and it must be these glands that
secrete the albuminous mass. The female often keeps the tip of her abdomen
elevated to prevent the mass from dragging on the ground, for, being sticky when
fresh, it becomes covered with bits of leaves and grains of sand. She attempts to
rid herself of it by bending her head beneath the abdomen and chewing it off.
Others assist her by eating at it until, after a short time, it is gone. Seldom is one
seen in the afternoon with the mass adhering, while it is commonly present on
females in the morning between 10 and 12 o’clock. No cases of mating were ever
observed in the afternoon.
It will be noted that the seminal sac as described by Gillette under
Anabrus simplex and the albuminous mass as described above by Snod-
grass are analogous, and the mating habits of the two insects are very
similar. The egg laying seems to be principally carried on in the
late afternoon. It is thus described by Snodgrass:
At about 5 o’clock the females begin laying eggs, and continue to do so until late
in the evening. While ovipositing the female most commonly assumes an upright
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 367
position, standing upon her hind iegs beside a small bunch of grass and grasping the
blades with the other legs for support. The ovipositor is carefully forced down into
the ground to its base. Strong peristaltic constrictions of the abdomen now take
f=)
Fig. 53.—PERANABRUS SCABRICOLLIS. FEMALE OVIPOSITING (AFTER SNODGRASS).
place for a minute or so, and then the ovipositor is withdrawn. Immediately, how-
ever, it is either poked down again into the same hole or thrust into a new place
368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
beside the first one. Thus the female continues, placing a few eggs in one hole, a
few in another and so on, until a great many are laid about the roots of the same
clump of grass (fig. 53.) Often she quits one place and. goes off some distance to
another. In the migrating bands the females have much difficulty in depositing their
eggs on account of the jostling and pushing of those moving past. Sometimes a female,
while ovipositing, rests on the ground in the natural position and inserts the oyi-
positor by drawing the tip forward beneath her and then thrusting it downward
into the ground.
The eggs are not inclosed in a case, each being entirely free and separate from the
others. They are discharged from the tip of the ovipositor, passing slowly along its
entire length, one at a time, by a slight movement of the blades upon one another.
The latter spread apart at the tip as the egg passes out.
After laying her eggs the female apparently weakens and dies during the day
following.
By the middle of July the insects are said to be mostly dead.
Toward the last the males are more numerous than the females by
reason of many of the latter having been eaten by their fellows when
weakened from ovipositing.
A large Pompilid wasp, Palmodes moris Wohl, was observed to
store its burrow with Peranabrus. Animals, birds, and reptiles will
probably be found to feed upon this insect, as they are known to do
on Anabrus.
Prof. C. V. Piper tells of statements made by Washington farmers
to the effect that hogs are sometimes killed by eating this insect, the
stomach walls being punctured by the sharp ovipositors of the females.
ATHLOPLUGS Scudder:
Ateloplus ScupprErR, Can. Ent., X XVI, 1894, pp. 179, 182 (invalid; no described
species mentioned); Guide Orth. N. A., 1897,-p. 57 (invalid; no described
species mentioned); Cat. Orth. U.8., 1900, pp. 79, 98.—Krrpy, Syn. Cat.
Orths, 11) 1906s. 195:
Description. —Head moderately small, not prominent; vertex
narrow, about one-fourth as broad as the interocular space; eyes
moderately prominent, rounded; antenna slender, the basal segment
broad, broader than the vertex. Pronotum small and very moderately
produced posteriorly; lateral lobes very poorly developed, uniformly
rounded into the disk, no trace of lateral or median carinve; posterior
margins of the lateral lobes scarcely sinuate ; pronotal disk rounded,
smooth, with a more or less distinct transverse sulcus across the middle
of the anterior half, often not, or scarcely, visible; anterior and pos-
terior margins of the disk subtruncate or very broadly rounded.
Prosternum unarmed. Legs moderately stout, posterior femora more
than two times as long as the pronotum, much swollen in the basal
three-fourths and armed below with a few stout spines on both mar-
gins; anterior tibia armed above on the outer side only, usually with
a single apical spine, sometimes with two or three spines. Wings
concealed beneath the pronotum in the female, the elytra in the male
projecting one-half their length beyond the pronotum. Cerci simple
No, 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 369
and straight in the female, in the male armed on the inner side with
a tooth or projection, or curved inwards apically. Supraanal plate
triangular in both sexes; last dorsal segment of the abdomen of both
sexes triangularly or roundly incised; subgenital plate of the male
longer than broad, obtuse triangularly incised apically and ventro-
laterally carinate, the carinz terminating at the base of the apical
styles; subgenital plate of the female proportionately shorter than that
of the male, apically less angularly incised and without apical styles.
Ovipositor about as long as the posterior femora or considerably
shorter, more or less curved upward.
Type.— Ateloplus notatus Scudder.
The armature of the anterior tibiz in this genus, like those of /d7os-
tatus and a few others, is variable, as will be seen from the discussion
of the following species. A sufficiently large number of specimens of
any of the species for study might show the number of dorsal spines
on the outer margin of the anterior tibiae to vary in number from one
to three, though none have been seen with two spines. Color is some-
what variable, but fortunately the male cerci form an excellent synoptic
character, separating the genus into three unquestionably distinct spe-
cies, which, together with one species erected on the female only, may
be separated by the following key:
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ATELOPLUS.
A. Larger; cerci of the male not shaped as fig. 59; ovipositor but little more than
three-fourths as long as the posterior femora.
B. Cerci of the male about four times as long as broad, armed on the inner side
with a stout preapical spine (fig. 55); posterior femora of both sexes tipped
WuTMG) Ov LOVEE Ele el Sa es eae et a es ea Re eee notatus, p. 369
B’. Cerci of the male no longer than broad, armed on the inner side at the apex
with a very small, fine tooth (fig. 58); posterior femora of neither sex
(Hyoyorexe Mayet) Ml [ENG eae oe See ieee ee rea Ren Seale ey. schwarzi, p. 372
A’, Smaller; cerci of the male, that of minor unknown, apically curved inwards, a
slight shoulder on the outer side (fig. 59); ovipositor nearly as long as the
posterior femora, decidedly more than three-fourths as long.
B. Color yellowish brown, ovipositor more strongly curved upwards. .luteus, p. 373
B’. Color dark brown, ovipositor less strongly curved upwards ..... minor, p. 371
ATELOPLUS NOTATUS Scudder.
' Ateloplus notatus ScuppER, Cat. Orth. U. S:, 1900, pp. 79, 98, pl. m1, fig. 3.—
Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 195.
Description.—Head not prominent, deeply inserted into the pro-
notum, the anterior border of which projects slightly over the base of
the head; vertex broad, the interocular space as broad as twice the
width of one of the eyes; front not greatly convex; eyes moderate in
size, moderately prominent; antenne long and slender, more than
twice as long as the body. Pronotum moderately produced posteriorly,
the lateral lobes shallow, not more than one-half as deep as the pro-
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07 24
370 PROCEEDINGS OF THH NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
zonal width, slanting, posteriorly scarcely or but very slightly sinuous;
lateral and median carine absent; prozona broad, broadly convex, cut
at the middle of the anterior half by a T-shaped transverse sulcus,
anterior margin broadly rounded, the posterior margin truncate.
Prosternum unarmed. Abdomen rounded, not carinate dorsally;
ovipositor short, scarcely more than three-fourths as long as the
posterior femora, curved gently upwards and apically smooth, without
serrations; cerci simple, about three times as long as the basal width,
rapidly and quite gradually tapering to a sharp point in the female,
in the male about four times as long as the basal width, cylindrical,
blunt apically and furnished in the inner side with a large, naked-
pointed, preapical tooth (fig. 55); supraanal plate triangular in both
sexes, nearly concealed in the male, more conspicuous in the female,
dorsally sulcate; last dorsal segment roundly sulcate apically in the
female and triangularly notched in the male, the projections acute in
both sexes; subgenital plate of the male longer than broad, obtuse
angularly incised apically and ventro-laterally carinate, the carinz
terminating on either side of the apical incision and from their
extremity arise the short
and bluntly terminated
apical styles; of the fe-
male proportionately
much shorter, apically
less angularly incised
and without lateral cari-
nation or apical styles.
i Wings of both sexes and
the elytra in the female
aborted, in the male the
on elytra project beyond
oe the pronotum a distance
equal to one-half their
width. Legs moderately
55 short and stout, anterior
eee nme IO ai okie any wd
sharp; femora ventrally
armed with a few short spines, the anterior and intermediate ones
with two or three, usually on the posterior margin only, rarely
unarmed; posterior femora parallel on the apical third and armed
with a few spines on both margins below, the geniculations blunt,
laminate and curved inwards; tibiz armed above and below, the
anterior ones with a single preapical spine above on the outer mar-
gin in the female but in the male there are sometimes three; the
intermediate tibiz generally have four spines on the posterior border
above and one or two on the anterior margin; posterior tibie armed
below for three-fourths of their length with small spines placed far
iy
i!
(|
Ny) ee
Yi
NO. 1530. THE DECTICINAE OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. gl
apart and arranged in two rows or six or eig ht spines e: ich, and armed
above for nearly their entire length with two rows of close set, short,
stout spines.
General color light wood-brown. The top of the head is generally
marked longitudinally with obscure stripes and the pronotum is orna-
mented above by faint clepsydrate markings and with a chestnut
brown stripe down the middle and, in the female, extending along the
back to the tip of the abdomen. ‘The posterior femora are marked
longitudinally on the outer face with a black line and the tip is black,
as is also the base of the corresponding tibix. This femoral colora-
tion is present in both sexes and will probably prove more constant
than the body coloration. The ovipositor is infuscated apically.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 7 mm., female, 7; elytra,
male, 1.5; posterior femora, male, 18, female, 18.5; ovipositor, 12.5;
width, pronotum at posterior margin, male, 5, female, 5.
Type.—Cat. No. 5735, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—One adult female (fig. 54), the type, from
San Diego, California (Orcutt), and an immature male from Indio,
California, June 5 (Caudell). Through the courtesy of Prof. F. H.
Snow I have been enabled to study an adult male from Bill William’s
Fork, Arizona (Snow).
The above-mentioned adult male agrees with the female type except
as pointed out in the above description. It may eventually prove
wrongly associated, in which case it will represent a new species, for
it is certainly not conspecific with any of the three following forms.
The immature male from Indio was taken under loose bark of a spiny
tree standing alone in the desert. The cerci of this young specimen
are proportioned about like those of the adult, but the inner tooth is
scarcely indicated. The anterior tibixe are armed above with a single
preapical spine on the outer margin like that of the female.
The insect figured by Woodworth in Bulletin No. 142 of the Cali-
fornia Experiment Station as A. notatus is either not this species or
an unusually poor figure, the pronotum being figured with lateral
carinee, which is certainly not true of the insect now under discussion.
ATELOPLUS MINOR, new species.
Description.—Fe-
male, male unknown.
Related — structurally
to the preceding spe-
cies, but differs in the
following particulars:
The ovipositor is not
so. decidedly curved
upward, the anterior
FIG. 56.—ATELOPLUS MINOR. ADULT FEMALE.
oto PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX¥U.
tibix are armed above on the outer margin with but one spine, the
color is adark brown with lighter mottlings, and the size is still smaller.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 5 mm.; posterior femora, 13;
ovipositor, 12.5; width, pronotum at posterior margin, 3.75.
Type.—Cat. No. 10182, U. 6. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—The type (fig. 56), one female, Oracle, Ari-
zona, June 29 (Schwarz).
ATELOPLUS SCHWARZI, new species.
Ateloplus notatus CAupELL (not Seudder), Proc. U. 8. National Museum, XX VI,
1903, p. 808.—Reun (not Scudder), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1904, p.
574.
Description.—In general size and appearance resembling A. notatus,
but differs in the following particulars: The cerci of the male are
short, being about as broad as long, and are armed at the tip witha
very small, inconspicuous blackish tooth (fig. 58); the cerci of the
female are about the same length as in notatus, but taper more
abruptly, being somewhat bulbous basally. The last dorsal abdominal
segment of both sexes is more acutely cleft than in nofatus and the
projections more elongate. Legs armed about as in notatus, but the
anterior tibie of both sexes in all specimens examined are armed above
with a single subapical spine. Color like that of notatus, except the
dorsal stripe is not present in either sex
and the posterior femora ‘are not tipped
with black. |
Measurements.—Length,” pronotum,
male, 6.5 mm., female, 7—7.5; posterior
Rigs. 67; 58. ATELOPLUS, SCHWAEZI. - femora, male, lo. temale alo) .ommense
57, CERCUS OF IMMATURE MALE. 548, F s
CERCUS OF ADULT MALE. itor, 14-15; width, pronotum at posterior
border, male, 4.5, female, 5.5.
Type.—Cat. No. 10180, U. 8S. National Museum.
Specimens excamined.—One adult male, one adult female, types, and
one immature female from Tinajas Altas, Arizona (McGee); one adult
female, one immature male and two immature females, Hot Springs,
Arizona, June 21 (Barber and Schwarz); one immature male, Santa
Rita Mountains, Arizona, June 22 (Barber and Schwarz); and one
immature female, Phoenix, Arizona (Cordley).
This species superficially resembles notatus, but the black-tipped
femora of the latter and, especially, the form of the male cerci very
readily serve for their separation. The cerci of immature female speci-
mens of schwarz? often taper gradually as in notatus and variation will
probably be found to exist in this respect even in mature specimens.
The cerci of the immature males are essentially as in the adult speci-
mens (fig. 57).
«The measurements of the female are from two adult specimens, the minimum
measurements being taken from the type.
—
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. ate
ATELOPLUS LUTEUS, new species.
Description.—A much smaller and more slender appearing insect
than A. notatus. The anterior tibiz of both sexes are armed above on
the outer margin with three spines. The general color is yellowish
brown, much lighter than in the preceding species. The female has
a black dorsal line extending from the front of the pronotum to the
tip of the abdomen composed of two slender lines nearly touching.
This dorsal line is not present in the male. The posterior femora are
not tipped with black and the outer face is not marked with a dusky
line except very obscurely so in the male. The most striking pecu-
liarities of this species, however, lie in the genitalia. The cerci of the
female are similar to those of A. notatus, but those of the males are
strikingly different, being curved inward apically and with a slight
shoulder on the outer side (fig. 59).. The ovipositor is very nearly as
long as the posterior femora, being decidedly more than three-fourths
as long’, as opposed to the two previous species where it is scarcely more
than three-fourths as long as the posterior femora.
The ovipositor is curved very decidedly upward and is
scarcely at all infuscated apically.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 5 mm.,
female, 6; posterior femora, male, 14, female, 15.5; =
ovipositor, 15; width, pronotum at the posterior border, — Fre. 59.—Arexo-
male, 3.5, female, 4.5. ci Une oaenawe
CERCUS OF MALE,
Type.—Cat. No. 10181, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—The types, one male, one female, Mohave,
Arizona (Wickham).
The small size, the longer ovipositor, and especially the form of the
cerci of the male will serve to differentiate this species from the pre-
ceding ones.
IDIOSTATUS Pictet.
Idiostatus Picrrt, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geney., XXX, 1888, p. 683.—ScuppErR, Can.
Ent., XX VI, 1894, pp. 178, 181; Guide N. Amer. Orth., 1897, p. 56; Cat.
Orth. U. S., 1900, p. 78.—Kuirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., IT, 1906, p. 193.
Cacopteris ScuppER, Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894, pp. 178, 181 (invalid; no species
included); Guide N. Amer. Orth., 1897, p. 56 (invalid; no species included);
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XXXV, 1899, p. 87; Cat. Orth. U. S:, 1900,
p. 78.—Krrsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Description.—Head moderate in size, inserted well into the pro-
notum and scarcely prominent; vertex moderately narrow, about one-
third as broad as the interocular space; eyes rounded and quite
prominent. Pronotum fairly large and moderately produced poster-
iorly; lateral lobes variously developed, in some species being well
developed and in others poorly so, but never as shallow as in the genus
Ateloplus, moderately declivent and with or without posterior sinus;
8374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX.
lateral carinve dull, rarely at all developed on the anterior half and then
very inconspicuous; median carina absent or obscurely indicated on
the posterior portion of the pronotum; disk posteriorly somewhat
flattened or uniformly rounded, anteriorly truncate, posteriorly
truncate, subtruncate or somewhat rounded. Prosternum unarmed.
Wings lateral and but little extended beyond the pronotum in the fe-
male, in the male overlapping above and usually extending beyond the
pronotum a distance equal to one-half or more than one-half the length
of the pronotum. Legs long, the posterior femora more than two,
usually three and sometimes four, times as long as the pronotum,
much swollen on slightly more than the basal half and armed below on
both margins with a few small spines; anterior tibiz armed above on
the outer side alone with three or four spines or armed on both outer
and inner margins, the inner margin, when spined, with two to three
spines. Abdomen moderately full and with or without dorsal carina;
cerci simple in the female, in the male of various forms, armed on
the inner side with a tooth or projection; supraanal plate“ small,
triangular and usually hidden beneath the last abdominal segment,
which, in the male, is apically cleft, the incision linear, V-shaped,
U-shaped or broadly rounded; subgenital plate of the female narrowly
cleft, of the male triangwarly cleft with the lateral angles terminating
in apical styles. Ovipositor of various lengths, straight or curved
slightly upwards on downwards.
Type.—Idiostatus californicus Pictet. (=hermanii Thomas.)
This is an interesting genus of apparently rare insects occurring in
the western and southwestern United States. Little is known of the
habits of the various species and some confusion has existed regard-
ing the status of certain forms. The synonomy of Scudder’s genus
Cacopteris with Idiostatus is very certain as a type of Cacopteris, C.
aequalis, has been seen and compared with the type of /d/ostatus and
found to be generically similar. The pronotum of qaequalis is as
angulate posteriorly and the median carina there as distinctly in-
dicated as in hermania.
The armature of the anterior tibize in this genus is unusual in as
much as those of the two sides of a single specimen may vary, one
being armed above on both margins and the other on the outer margin
only. When long series of specimens are studied nearly all the species
will probably be found to exhibit more or less variation in this respect.
Asa whole /d/ostatus isa very heterogeneous genus, but the various
types are apparently unworthy of generic distinction, their differences
being of insufficient importance. Three types of ovipositor, straight,
aSeudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XX XV, 1899, p. 87, designates what I call
the last abdominal segment as the supraanal plate. In this matter Scudder is very
surely wrong, the true supraanal plate being always present but nearly or entirely
concealed beneath the last abdominal segment.
so. 1590. THE DECTICINA! OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL, 315
curved upwards and cur aryed: down wards, occur, but the dear ree of
curvature is slight and valueless as a character of more than specific
value.
As stated under the discussion of Hvremopedes, there is some rela-
tionship between that genus and /d/ostatus.
The species of /d/ostatus are quite numerous as compared with most
of our Dectician genera, and to facilitate their easy differentiation two
tables are given, one of the males and one of the females. The fol-
lowing tables bave been prepared with considerable care, and, I trust,
will be found as functionable as compatible with the classifactory dif-
ficulties of the objects treated.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF IDIOSTATUS—MALES.
(Males unknown of femorata and variegata. )
A. Cerci round or somewhat depressed, apically very unlike that of inermis as tabu-
lated under the alternate category.
B. Cerci with an inner tooth, not like fig. 61.
C. Cerci beyond the tooth short and triangular or swollen, not like fig. 64.
D. Tooth of the cerci somewhat incurved apically; cerci between the tooth
and the tip concave, figs. 66, 67.
E. Cereal tooth apically sharp and slender, no more than one-fourth as
thick as the apical portion of the cercus itself.
F. Smaller, total length 20 mm., of pronotum 6-8 mm-..-hermanii, p. 381
F’. Larger, total length 30 mm., of pronotum 9-10 mm. -bilineatus, p. 379
Kk’. Cereal tooth apically less sharp, thicker than the apical portion of the
CERCUSIUSC ieee eee See or Peo Juscopunctatus, p. 382
D’. Tooth of cerci not incurved; cerci between the tooth and the tip straight
or convex, figs. 70, 72.
E. Tooth of cerci triangular; cerei beyond the tooth acute triangular, fig.
0 me rere Steet ee ere SP Ge ee Rete a a oe rehni, p. 382
F’. Tooth of cerci slender; cerei beyond the tooth swollen, fig. 72.
elegans, p. 384
C’. Cerci beyond the tooth long and slender, much longer than the tooth itself,
PSone en Sey es a ee a SEA Pees oem SINUNG, Dore
B’. Cerei with an outer tooth or shoulder, like fig. 61.
C. Apical projections of the last abdominal segment triangular, short, separated
byeacVeshapedcclett, fie) (6302 en- 582 coe sia 5. se oe nevadensis, p. 378
C’. Apical projections of the last abdominal segment slender, accuminate, sepa-
rated byad U-shaped cleity. fie.G2).22eeel. = 2s gs bee. equalis, p 376
A’. Cerci basally somewhat compressed and apically forming two depressed incurved
HE CUNT ON Oates setae ee aca Saree rac iae eerie 5 Ale neem hs SEMEN IISS (0) OOO
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF IDIOSTATUS—FEMALES.
(Females unknown of nevadensis, sinuata, and fuscopunctata. )
A. Ovipositor almost as long, or longer than, the posterior femora.
B. Size smaller and more slender, the pronotum less than 9 mm. in length rarely,
rehni and hermanit more than 6 mm.
C. Ovipositor straight or curved gently upwards; pronotum, except in hermanii,
less than 6 mm. in length.
D. Larger, pronotum more than 7 mm. in length.......-...- hermanti, p. 381
376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
D’. Smaller, pronotum no more than 6 mm. in length, usually less.
E. Posterior femora less than four times, usually but three times, as long
as the: pronotum.a2c is osesee eee Oe eee ee eee eee inermis, p. 386
EK’. Posterior femora four or more times as long as the pronotum.
: awqualis, p. 376
C’. Ovipositor apically curved somewhat downwards; pronotum usually more
than. 6 -mom in! length -\5.. 22382 Seco se ase eee ee rehni, p. 382
B’. Size large and bulky, the pronotum 9 mm. or more in length.
C. Larger, the posterior femora more than 25 mm. in length... -bilineatus, p. 379
C’. Smaller, the posterior femora no more than 25 mm. in length.
elegans, p. 384
A’. Ovipositor much less than the posterior femora in length.
B. Smaller, posterior femora more than four times as long as the pronotum.
femorata, p. 387
B’. Larger, posterior femora less than four times as long as the pronotum.
variegata, p. 387
IDIOSTATUS AQUALIS Scudder.
Cacopteris equalis ScuppDER, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XX XV, 1899, pp. 88, 92;
Cat. Orth. U. S., 1900, p. 78.—WoopwortuH, Bull. No. 142, Cal. Exp. Sta.,
1902, p. 15.—Kuirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Description.—Head scarcely prominent, quite deeply inserted into
the pronotum; vertex about one-third as broad as the interocular space
and quite prominent; eyes rounded, not very large but protrudent,
being decidedly prominent; basal segment of the antenne enlarged and
broad but scarcely one-half as large as the vertex as viewed from in
front. Pronotum moderate in size; lateral lobes well developed, nearly
as deep as long, almost vertical and very slightly sinuate posteriorly ;
lateral carinze scarcely indicated except on the posterior third where
they are present, usually distinct but never sharp; median carina
present only on the posterior fourth of the pronotum and there very
blunt and indistinct;. pronotal disk rounded, scarcely perceptibly
tectate, without transverse sulci or with a very obscure broad shallow
one across the posterior portion, truncate anteriorly and posteriorly.
Legs long, the posterior femora about four times as long as the pro-
notum and much swollen on a little more than the basal half, armed
below with a few sharp, short, stout black spines; anterior tibiz armed
above on both margins, three spines on the outer margin and two on
the inner. Elytra of the male (fig. 60) ample, projecting beyond the
pronotum a distance about equal to the pronotal length, of the female
forming widely separated rounded pads which project scarcely their
own width beyond the pronotum. Abdomen moderately plump,
scarcely carinate; subgenital plate deeply and linearly cleft in the
female, in the male triangularly incised apically, the terminal styles
about four times as long as broad; last dorsal abdominal segment of
the male apically furcate, the angles elongate, extending to about the
tip of the subgential plate, and sharp, with the incision U-shaped (fig.
62) cerci of the female about three times as long as the greatest breadth,
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 80
| Ay
much onelian on n the basal eo thir ds, the: apical third aries apering
in the basal portion, apically pointed: cerel of the male rounded,
apically slightly depressed with the tip attenuate, bent inwards and
slightly pointed, on the outer side about the middle furnished with a
blunt shoulder or short projection (fig. 61). Ovipositor almost straight,
very slightly curved upwards and as long, or very nearly as long, as
the posterior femora.
Color dark or light yellowish brown: the sides of the pronotum just
below the short blunt lateral carine is usually shiny black. The
tegmina of the males are generally yellowish brown with a round black
spot on the outer apical margin of each.
Measurements. — Length,
pronotum, male, 4.5-5.5
mm., female, 5.25—-6; elytra,
male, 3.5-5, female, 1-1.5;
posterior femora, male,
18-21, female, 20-25; ovi-
positor, 20-24.
Types.—Cat. No. 10183, ; re
U.S. National Museum, and
in the collections of S. H. a
Scudder and A. P. Morse. s |
Specimens examined.— .
Various specimens from Cal- A
ifornia and a female from Si G
Arizona. All the types are Frias. 60, 61, 62.—IDIOSTATUS HQUALIS. 60, ADULT MALE.
from California. Besides a 61, CERCUS OF MALE. 62, LAST DORSAL ABDOMINAL SEG-
MENT OF MALE.
female type from Cahon
Pass, California, the National Museum contains two males and two
females, all from Los Angeles County, California, except one male
which is labeled simply California. One adult female from Clare-
mont, California, and two immature females from San Bernardino
County, California, taken in May, are also in the National collection.
Bruner has recently contributed a female specimen from Arizona
(Dunn).
An immature male in the Morse collection shows the elytra not pro-
jecting beyond the pronotum but with cerci essentially as in adult
individuals. The immature female often has the ovipositor considerably
longer than the posterior femora, one in the Morse collection having
the ovipositor 22 mm. in length while the posterior femora measures
but 17.5 mm.
378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII,
IDIOSTATUS NEVADENSIS Scudder.
Cacopteris nevadensis ScuppER, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XX XV, 1899, pp.
88, 91 (male, not female); Cat. Orth. U. S., 1900, p. 78.—KirsBy, Syn. Cat.
Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Description.—Male, female unknown. Very similar in structure
and appearance to C. awqualis. The anterior tibie are armed as in
aequalis but the posterior femora are relatively a little shorter. The
lateral lobes of the pronotum are well developed but are less sinuate
posteriorly than in ewqualis, being practically without
any trace of sinus. The elytra are essentially as in
ewqualis and, like those of that species, have the outer
apical angles marked by a black spot. The cerci are
Fre. 63.—Ipresratus like those of wyualis but the structure of the last dor-
See sal segment of the abdomen is quite different, the
INAL SEGMENT OF anical denticulations being short, not reaching as far
ems back as the tip of the subgenital plate, and triangu-
lar, not elongate, and the intervening sinus is V-shaped (fig. 63).
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 5 mm.; posterior femora, 18;
elytra, 3.
Type.—In the Scudder collection.
Specimens examined.—Two males, Ruby Valley, Nevada (Ridge-
way).
The female associated with these males by Scudder, but which he
suggested might not belong here, is really the female of 7. cnermes,
which see.
This species is very closely allied to «gualis and may eventually
prove to bea form of that species. The structure of the last abdominal
segment, however, seems to indicate quite strongly their distinctness.
IDIOSTATUS SINUATA Scudder.
Cacopteris sinuata ScuppEr, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XX XV, 1899, pp. 88,
90; Cat. Orth. U. 8., 1900, p. 78.—Krirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Description.—Male; female unknown. Head ‘moderately deeply
inserted into the pronotum, scarcely prominent; vertex narrower than
in «gualis, being scarcely more than one-fourth as broad as the inter-
ocular space; eyes rounded and quite prominent; basal segment of the
antenne broad and about as large as the vertex when viewed from in
front. Pronotum of medium size and moderately produced poste-
riorly; lateral lobes not well developed, being nearly twice as long as
deep, moderately declivent, posterior margin slightly sinuate; lateral
and median carine not indicated, the position of the former faintly
represented by a slight squareness of the pronotum at that point; disk
broadly rounded, without transverse sulci, subtruncate in front and
behind. Legs moderately long, the posterior femora absent in the
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. o19
only specimens examined; anterior tibiz armed above on the outer
side only with three spines. Elytra as in awgual/s but extending
beyond the pronotum a distance scarcely more than one-half the tho-
racic length and without a black spot on the outer apical angle. Sub-
genital plate as in wqual/s but the last abdominal segment is between
that species and nevadensis, the apical denticulations being almost as
elongate as those of wgualis and the intervening sulcus V-shaped as
in nevadensis (fig. 65). The cerci are very
different from those of the preceding spe-
cies; here the inner tooth is short and placed
about the center and the tip of the cercus is
nearly ina line with the basal portion (tig. 64).
The color is a yellowish brown with darker
mottlings on the legs and pronotum; elytra aN Set Oe
2 Fics. 64, 65.—IDIOSTATUS SINUATA.
light brown with the membraneous portion 64, cercus or maLR. 65, Last
black, the outer apical angles not marked by Pest Amnon we
a black spot. toe
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 6 mm.; posterior femora, 20;
elytra, 3.5.
Type.—In the Scudder collection.
Specimens examined.—Vwo males, Fort Whipple, Arizona (E.
Palmer).
The most striking characters of this species is the poorly developed
lateral lobes of the pronotum, the absence of any lateral carinze and
the structure of the cerci. This species resembles very much the
Eremopedes scudderi of Cockerell, and it may belong to Hremopedes
rather than to /diostatus.
64
IDIOSTATUS BILINEATUS Thomas.
Steiroxys bilineata Thomas, Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. W. 100 Mer., V. 1875, p. 900.
Tdiostatus bilineatus ScupprEr, Can. Ent., X XVI, 1894, pp. 181, 183; Cat. Orth.
U.S., 1900, p. 78.—WoopworrH, Bull. No. 142, Calif. Exp. Stat., 1902, p. 15.—
Kirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 193.
Description.—Head of medium size, moderately inserted into the
pronotum; fastigium considerably produced, apically as broad as one of
the eyes; front slightly convex. Eyes not very prominent, round.
Pronotum large, posteriorly produced and inclined upward, especially
in the male where they cover the base of the wings. Lateral lobes
well developed, about two-thirds as deep anteriorly as long and with
scarcely any sinus, almost vertical with very broadly rounded lateral
carine, not present anteriorly; median carina merely indicated poste-
riorly; disk moderately transversely convex, smooth, without sulci,
truncate both anteriorly and posteriorly, sometimes slightly rounded
behind. Abdomen smooth, without carina, thick and heavy, somewhat
as in the genus Anabrus. Ovipositor nearly straight, slightly curved
upward, as long as the posterior femora and apically unarmed. Cerci
380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
of the female about three times as long as the basal width, uniformly
tapering, of the male (fig. 66) broad and stout, separated at the base
by a space about one-half as wide as the basal breadth of one, the inner
tooth slender and much less in diameter than the apical portion of the
cercus; last dorsal segment of the abdomen apically concave and
depressed, forming two small rounded lobes. Elytra as broad as and
more than one-half as long as the pronotum, and
overlapping above in the male, in the female mere
lateral pads. Legs with the anterior coxal spines
long and distinct; posterior femora as long as the
\ body, about three times as long as the pronotum,
Fic. 66.—Iprostatus gr, stout, swollen on the basal two-thirds and without
LINEATA. CERCUSAND genicular spines; anterior tibiz spined above on
LAST DORSAL ABDOMI- . . . . . “T°
NaLSEGMENTOFMatn, the outer side with three spines; intermediate tibie
spined above on both margins; posterior femora
and tibize armed below with a row of short, dull, black spines on both
carine.
Color (alcoholic), after Thomas.
Dorsal portions throughout pale olive, striped with yellowish lines. Two rather
narrow yellowish lines (one from each eye) extend back along the entire length to
the tip of the abdomen; each abdominal segment is margined posteriorly with a
quite narrow yellowish line; the lateral margins are marked with a somewhat broader
line of the same color. Face and entire ventral surface pale yellow. Legs purplish
externally. The olive of the abdomen and pronotum is more or less slightly tinged
with rufous near the margins of the spaces.
I have seen no material fit for study with relation to coloration.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 9 mm., female, 10;
posterior femora, male, 24.5-26, female, 28-31; elytra, male, 5.5-7,
female, 2; ovipositor, 30-32. Width, pronotum across metazona,
male, 6, female, 8.
Type.—Apparently lost.
Specimens examined.—Two pairs in the Scudder collection from
Fort Reading, Shasta Valley, California, taken by Lieut. Williamson.
This species was described by Thomas from a female taken by Hen-
shaw at San Carlos, Arizona. I have been unable to find this specimen
in any of the collections studied. The specimens in Scudder’s collec-
tion are moldy and much worn and probably very poorly represent
the coloration of living specimens.
This large bulky insect is conspicuously distinct from the other
members of the genus. The cerci of the males of this and the follow-
ing three species are in some respects similar and are very different
from the types represented by the preceding species. The last dorsal
seoment of the abdomen also differs materially from those of the pre-
ceding forms.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 381
>
IDIOSTATUS HERMANII Thomas.
Steiroxys hermanii Tuomas, Rept. U. 8S. Geol. Surv. W. 100 Mer., V, 1875, p. 904,
pl. xut1v, fig. 4:—Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1876, p. 263.
Idiostatus hermanii ScuppEr, Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894, pp. 181, 183; Cat. Orth.
U.S., 1900, p. 78.—WoopwortH, Bull. No. 142, Calif. Exp. Stat., 1902, p. 15.—
Kirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 193.
Idiostatus californicus Picrrr, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genev., XXX (6),
1888, p. 64, pl. 111, figs. 35, 35 a, b.
Description.—In general characters allied to /. dbzl/ineatus, but is a
much smaller and more slender insect. The head and thorax, also the
abdomen and elytra, are essentially as in wqualis. The lateral carinz
of the pronotum are moderately distinct, less so anteriorly. The pos-
terior femora are less than three times as long as the pronotum, armed
on both margins below, and the anterior tibix are armed above on
the outer side only with three spines. The elytra of the male extend
beyond the posterior margin of the pronotum, a distance less than the
thoracic length, the outer apical angle immaculate; of the female
extending only a couple of millimeters beyond the pronotum. Geni-
talia similar to that of 477ineatus, the cerci of the male, however, a little
more concave between the apex and the tooth.
Color brownish yellow, the base of the last abdominal segment some-
times marked at the upper portion of the sides with black, and the lat-
eral lobes of the pronotum are usually more or less distinctly margined
with lighter color. Otherwise, the color is quite uniform in all cabi-
net specimens examined. In life the insects are often grass green, but,
as represented by a series of over a dozen immature specimens taken
by me on July 24, 1906, on a species of Ceanothus, a small holly-like
plant forming dense mats on the ground at the base of Mount Shasta,
California, the colors are often. of various hues, the general color
sometimes bright chocolate brownish or sometimes red. The lateral
lobes of some of these immature specimens were black, but in most
cases they are brownish.
Length, pronotum, male, 6.5-S8 mm., female, 8;
posterior femora, male, 17-22, female, 23; elytra, male, 5, female, 2
ovipositor, 26.
Specimens examined.—A number of specimens from the Mount
Shasta district in California.
The type of californicus is probably in the collection of Brunner von
Wattenwyl, but that of herman seems to be lost, not having been
found in any of the collections studied by me. The Scudder collection
contains one male specimen from Mount Shasta District, California,
labeled /. californicus, by Scudder. Besides the specimens taken by
the writer at Mount Shasta, California, in July, 1906, as mentioned
above, the National Museum contains an adult pair from the same
locality taken in September, 1885, by Behrens. They were presented
Measurements.
9
382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
to the Museum by Bruner. Besides the above-mentioned specimens,
the National Museum has a single female specimen without locality,
also presented by Bruner, that is referred here with some doubt. It
is somewhat smaller than the adult from Shasta, and the sides of the
abdomen are marked with black on the posterior margins, and the
last two segments are wholly black laterally. The abdomen has also
a pair of pale narrow subdorsal stripes. The anterior tibiz are spined
above on both margins. The posterior femora are missing.
IDIOSTATUS FUSCOPUNCTATUS Scudder.
Cacopteris fuscopunctata ScuppER, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XX XV, 1899,
pp. 88, 89; Cat. Orth. U.S., 1900, p. 78.—Woopworrn, Bull. No. 142, Calif.
Exp. Stat., 1902, p. 15.—Kuirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Cacopteris punctata (error for fuscopunctata) CAuDELL, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
XXVIII, 1905, p. 477.
Description.—Male, female unknown. Head and pronotum as in
zequalis, the lateral lobes of the latter scarcely sinuate behind. Elytra
extending beyond the pronotum a distance equal to about one-half the
length of the pronotum, the outer apical
angles marked by a black spot. Legs mod-
e erately long, the posterior femora about
Gr p ~*~, / three times as long as the pronotum, armed
ATE below with a few small black spinules on
HrGs, 67, 68.—Ibtostatus Fuscorune. both margins; anterior tibis armed above
TATUS. 67, CERCUSOF MALE. 68,Last On the outer margin only with three spines.
os (Cerei similar: to those of Wehermaniaitie:
67). The last abdominal segment of the
male (fig. 68) is very different from that of Aermanzz, the apical lobes
being triangular, sharply pointed, not extending back to the tip of the
subgenital plate and separated by a deep rounded incision, in this respect
somewhat allied to /. xgualis.
Measurements. —Length, pronotum, +.5 mm.; posterior femora, 14;
elytra, 2.5.
Type.—I\n the Scudder collection.
Specimens examined.—Vhe type, a single male from Tehachapi,
California, taken by Morse on August 2, and a single immature male
specimen in the National Museum taken by Oslar at Nogales, Arizona,
on July 13, 1903.
IDIOSTATUS REHNI, new species.
Description.—Head moderate, scarcely prominent; vertex broad
and moderately prominent, one-third, or a little more than one-third,
as broad as the interocular space. Eyes rounded, of moderate size
and prominence. Antennal scrobes about one-half as large as the
vertex as viewed from in front. Pronotum moderately large and
considerably produced posteriorly; lateral lobes well developed,
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 383
nearly as deep as long, slightly declivent and considerably sinuate
posteriorly; lateral carine of the female very dull but nearly persist-
ent, converging somewhat about the middle of the anterior third, at
which point the disk is cut by a distinct but narrow transverse sulcus,
in the male the lateral carine are scarcely indicated anterior of the
posterior half of the pronotum and are almost parallel, the disk in
this sex with the transverse sulcus scarcely noticable, forming a mere
line; median carina inconspicuously + resent only on the posterior
third of the pronotum in both sexes; disk almost flat for the entire
length in the female, in the male slightly flattened on the posterior
half or a little less, the anterior portion broadly rounded; anterior
and posterior margins subtruncate in both sexes. Legs moderately
long, the posterior femora three times, or almost three times, as long
as the pronotum, parallel in the apical half, the basal half much and
abruptly ampliate and armed below on both margins with several
short, sharp, black spinules; anterior tibize armed above on the outer
Fig. 69.—IDIOSTATUS REHNI. ADULT FEMALE.
margin only with three spines, rarely with four. Elytra of the male
extending beyond the pronotum a distance equal to about one-half the
length of the pronotum, uniform in color; in the female the elytra
are mere lateral pads scarcely extending beyond the pronotum. Ab-
domen moderately plump, subcarinate, the last dorsal segment in the
male broadly and roundly concave and flattened apically asin herman?/;
cerci of the female about four times as long as the basal breadth, cylin-
drical and tapering nearly uniformly to an acute point, of the male
cylindrical at the base, somewhat depressed apically and acutely
pointed, furnished on the inner side witha triangular tooth as long as
the cercal width at that point, the lower margin of the tooth perpen-
dicular to the main body of the cercus and situated about the middle
of it (fig. 70). Ovipositor considerably longer than the posterior
femora and curved slightly downward (fig. 69), apically pointed, the tip
eranulose.
Color uniformly reddish or yellowish brown, in life probably usually
green. The lateral lobes of the pronotum in living specimens are prob-
384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
ably margined below and posteriorly with light yellow. The elytra
of the males are uniformly yellowish brown, the membrane and veins
unicolorous, the outer apical margins not marked by a black spot. The
spines of the legs are tipped with black and the spinules on the under-
side of the posterior femora are black to the base.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 6.5 mm.,
ol female, 8; posterior femora, male, 18-19, female, 24;
[ ly elytra, male, 3.5-4.5, female, about .5; ovipositor, 29.
\ Type.—Cat. No. 10184, U. S. National Museum.
A Cy Bet USE Specimens examined.—Two males, one female, Sis-
REHNI. CeRCUs OF kiyou County, California (A. Koebele).
ee Superticially the males of this species resemble
very much some yellowish males of Lremopedes ephippiata, but the
cerci and superaanal plate are very different. I have named this
species in honor of Mr. J. A. G. Rehn, of Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania.
IDIOSTATUS ELEGANS, new species.
Description.—Head large, slightly broader than the anterior portion
of the ‘pronotum, into which it is moderately inserted; fastigium some-
what prominent, about as broad as one of the eyes, one-third as broad
as the interocular space; front broadly rounded; eyes moderate in size,
scarcely prominent, slightly elongate. Pronotum large, posteriorly
produced over the base of the abdomen; lateral lobes well developed,
nearly as deep as long and slightly sinuous posteriorly; lateral carine
indicated only posteriorly and there very broadly rounded; median
: a)
Se |
|
Fic. 71.—IDIOSTATUS ELEGANS. ADULT MALE.
carina very slight, subpersistent in both sexes, but very slender and
obscure, especially in the female; disk broadly rounded, subtruncate
anteriorly and posteriorly, anteriorly sometimes a little emarginate,
cut across the anterior fifth by a slender transverse sulcus and mesially
marked by a broader V-shaped sulcus, not extending to the sides. Pro-
sternum unarmed. Legs short and stout; posterior femora about two
No. 1530. THE DECTICINE OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 3885
and one-half times as long as the pronotum, much swollen on the basal
two-thirds and armed beneath with several very short, triangular, black
spines; anterior tibiz armed above on the outer side only with three
spines. Elytra in the male overlapping above and extending beyond
the pronotum a distance a little Jess than one-half the length of the
pronotum, of the female broad, almost touching above and projecting
beyond the pronotum a distance equal to about one-fourth the pronotal
length. Abdomen plump, scarcely carinate; last abdominal segment
apically depressed and mesially roundly incised; cerci of the male thick
and broad, apically roundly tapering to a point and armed on the inner
side with a sharp spine (fig. 72); cerci of the female short and stout,
about two and one-half times as long as the
basal breadth and rapidly tapering to a point.
Ovipositor longer than the posterior femora
and nearly straight, apically very slightly up-
curved.
Color reddish brown, in the male lighter,
marked with black. The head has a broad
Fig. 72.—IDIOSTATUS ELEGANS.
black postocular stripe and a black streak on OER Caw eee
the top. Pronotum mesially marked with a speess ares ey gest
triangular black spot and behind with a sub-
marginal broad black transverse stripe extending halfway down the
side of the lateral lobes, more conspicuous in the male. Elytra
yellow with paler veins. Abdomen with the last two segments shiny
black, except the mesial emargination of the terminal one. Ovi-
positor black, yellowish apically and below basally. Posterior femora
marked with black above at the base, on the outer face mesially
and at the tip. ‘The spines of the femora and the posterior tibiz are
black, and both femora and tibiz of all the legs are black at the base
of the spines.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 9 mm., female, 9.5; pos-
terior femora, male, 22, female, 24; elytra, male, 4.5, female, 3; ovi-
positor, 26; width, pronotum across metazona, male, 6.5, female, 7;
posterior femora at the narrowest point, male, 1.5, female, 1.5; at the
widest point, male, 5.25, female, 5.5; ovipositor in the middle, 2.
Types.—Cat. No. 10185, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—The types, one male (fig. 71), one female,
Nevada (EK. H. Hillman).
This robust and prettily marked species, which was secured from
the collection of Bruner, reminds one somewhat of an Anabrus, but it
is not related to that genus.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07
25
336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
IDIOSTATUS INERMIS Scudder.
Cacopteris inermis ScuppER, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XX XV, 1899, pp. 88,
89; Cat. Orth. U.S., 1900, p. 78.—Baxkmr, Invert. Pacifica, I, 1908, p. 14.—
Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Cacopteris nevadensis ScupDER, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XXXV, 1899, pp.
91, 92, female, not male.
Description. —Lateral lobes of the pronotum well developed, almost
as deep as long and scarcely at all sinuate posteriorly. Tegmina of
the male unicolorous, the outer apical angles not marked by a black
spot, extending beyond the pronotum a distance equal to more than
one-half the pronotal length. Legs moderately short, the posterior
femora less than, or a little more than, three times as long as the pro-
notum; anterior tibiz: armed above on the outer side only with three
spines, very rarely the inner margin bears one spine. Cerci of the
female about four times as long as the basal width,
much swollen basally and tapering rapidly on the base
of the apical half, the terminal portion tapering grad-
ually to a point; in the male the cerci are very differ-
ent from those of any other known species, the base
being considerably compressed and the apical portion
Fic. 73.—Iprosratus forms two sharp depressed incurved teeth, the upper
iru, One short and the lower one twice as long, both
directed at right angles or less to the main body of
the cercus and the tips still more incurved and black, that of the
upper tooth merely sharp pointed, but that of the lower one very
slender and sharp; this longer lower tooth is more than one-half as
long as the main body of the cereus and the slender pointed apical
portion is half as long as the body of the tooth itself (fig. 73). Last
abdominal segment of the male with the apical lobes broad, short, and
rounded, the intervening sinus broad and arcuate. Ovipositor almost
as long or considerably longer than the posterior femora and straight.
Color dark brownish, the dorsum sometimes wholly testaceous and
sometimes colored as the rest of the body. Pronotum with the lateral
lobes usually margined below and posteriorly with luteous. Tegmina
of the male fusco-testaceous, unicolorous. Legs fusco-testaceous.
‘Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 5—5.75mm., female, 5—5.5;
posterior femora, male, 14-17, female, 17-18.5; elytra, male, 3.5-4,
female, 1-1.5; ovipositor, 18-20.
Types.—In the Scudder collection and in that of Professor Morse.
Specimens examined.—I have examined the types from Nevada in
the collections of Scudder and Morse and an adult pair from Nevada
in the latter collection taken by Baker, and a single adult male in the
National Museum collection from Reno, Nevada, presented by Pro-
fessor Bruner,
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. Bok
The female described by Scudder as that of /. nevadensis is really
that of ¢nermis, the only difference between that specimen and the
female types of ¢nerms being the slightly longer posterior femora and
different color. But the specimens, male and female, taken by Baker
in Nevada, serve to prove these features variational.
IDIOSTATUS FEMORATA Scudder.
Cacopteris femorata ScuppER, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., X X XV, 1899, pp. 88, 93; .
Cat. Orth. U.S., 1900, p. 78.—WoopwortH, Bull. No. 142, Calif. Exp. Stat.,
1902, p. 15.—Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Description. Female, male unknown—Pronotum with the lateral
lobes well developed and slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral carine
indicated only on the posterior portion of the pronotum, where they
are quite distinct. Legs unusually long, the posterior femora more than
four times as long as the pronotum; anterior tibize armed above on
both margins, three spines on the outer margin, two on the inner.
Cerci about as in the female of /. ¢nermis but less attenuate apically.
Ovipositor considerably shorter than the posterior femora and feebly
curved upwards.
Color uniformly dark fusco,-testaceous, the posterior femora lighter
with darker stripes on the outer and inner faces.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 5.75 mm.; posterior femora, 25;
elytra, 1; ovipositor, 18.5.
Type.—In the Scudder collectiea.
Specimens examined.—TVhe unique type, a female from South Santa
Monica, California (J. J. Rivers), is the only specimen of this species
seen. It was taken on July 30.
IDIOSTATUS VARIEGATA, new species.
Description.—Female; male unknown. Head about as wide as the
anterior part of the pronotum into which it is moderately inserted;
vertex prominent and nearly one-half as broad as the interocular
space; eyes medium in size, not prominent, rounded, narrowing
slightly below; basal segment of the antenna no more than one-half
as broad as one of the eyes. Pronotum medium in size and well pro-
duced posteriorly; lateral lobes well developed but not as deep as
long, moderately declivent, and slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral
varinve not at all indicated anteriorly, posteriorly scarcely so, being no
more than well-rounded shoulders; median carina not present; disk
transversely rounded, without transverse sulci, but marked on the
middle by a U-shaped depression; anterior and posterior margins trun-
cate, the former mesially a little concave. Prosternum unarmed.
Legs stout, the posterior femora three times as long as the pronotum,
much swollen on the basal two-thirds, and armed below-on each side
388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
with a few minute stout black spines, usually scarcely more than acute
tubercles; anterior tibize armed above on the outer side only with three
spines; anterior femora with two or three very small short spines
below on the inner margin. Elytra lateral and projecting a little
beyond the pronotum. Abdomen moderately stout, scarcely carinate
dorsally; cerci about three times as long as the basal breadth, round,
and rapidly tapering; ovipositor almost straight, just perceptible,
curved upward in the apical half, considerably shorter than the pos-
terior femora.
Color yellowish, with the upper portions of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum and the abdomen, except the posterior margins of each seg-
ment and a pair of subdorsal stripes, fuscous. The disk of the pro-
notum is marked by a spear-shaped fuscous spot.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 7.25 mm.; posterior femora,
22.5; elytra, 1.5; ovipositor, 18; width, pronotum across metazona,
4.5; posterior femora at narrowest point, 1.25, at widest point, 4.5;
ovipositor, at the middle, 1.5.
Type.—Cat. No. 10186, U. S. National Museum.
Specimen examined.—One female, Pocatello, [daho. Presented by
Professor Bruner.
PLAGIOSTIRA Seudder.
Plagiostira Scupprr, Ann. Rept. Chief Eng., 1876, p. 501; Can. Ent., XX VI,
1894, pp. 179, 182; Guide Orth. N. Amer., 1897, p. 57.—KirBy, Syn. Cat.
Orth., II, 1906, p. 195.
Description.—Head small, not prominent, very deeply inserted into
the pronotum: vertex very narrow, less than one-fourth as broad as
the interocular space and scarcely prominent; eyes rounded, of medium
size and very prominent. Thorax large, posteriorly much produeed;
lateral lobes very shallow, not sinuate posteriorly, perfectly vertical;
lateral carinx well developed except on the anterior fifth, where they
are very obscure and rounded, straight or bowed out considerably in
the middle; median carina distinct, but dull, on the posterior border
only, sometimes scarcely indicated, in some specimens anteriorly
replaced by-a double suleus; disk flat, rectangular or somewhat oval
in form, with a broad, deep transverse sulcus occupying the middle
part of the posterior half; this broad depression does not, however,
interrupt the lateral carinz; across the middle of the anterior third is
a narrow but distinct and moderately deep transverse furrow or sul-
cus, in front of which the lateral carine are but poorly developed, the
sulcus passing down across the lateral lobes to near the lower margin.
The anterior margin of the pronotal disk is truncate, the posterior
margin broadly rounded. Prosternum unarmed but sometimes fur-
nished with a pair of very smal] tubercles where spines are usually
situated; the mesosternal lobes are angularly developed in the sem-
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 389
blance of stout spines. Elytra, except in g7//ette7, where they are
abortive, the only known specimen probably immature, oyerlapping
above in both sexes and projecting beyond the pronotum about half its
length in the male; somewhat less in the female; wings are about the
same size as the elytra and coal black. Legs stout and moderately
long, the posterior femora less than two times as long as the prono-
tum or considerably more, or much more, than two times as long,
moderately or little swollen in the basal half and unarmed beneath or
armed on both carine with a few very small blunt spinules; anterior
tibiz armed above on the outer side only with three or four spines,
rarely with but two. Abdomen moderately heavy; supraanal plate
elongate triangular, partially hidden beneath the last abdominal seg-
ment, which, in the male, extends backward as two projections, tri-
angular, about as long as the basal width, the intervening sinus
V-shaped; last abdominal segment of the female simple but more
depressed and shorter than that of the male; subgenital plate of both
sexes apically forked, the incision V-shaped, the terminal styles in the
male very short and stout, subtriangular or cylindrical and more elon-
gate. Cerci short, scarcely attaining the apex of the subgenital plate
in the male (fig. 75), cylindrical in both sexes, in the female simple,
conical; in the male tapering, bluntly rounded at the apex and fur-
nished on the inner side with two short, round, blunt teeth, one just
before the apex and one just beyond the middle. Ovipositor consider-
ably longer than the posterior femora and distinctly curved downward.
Type.— Plagiostira albonotata Scudder.
The members of this genus may be separated as follows:
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PLAGIOSTIRA.
A. Pronotal disk distinctly more than one and one-half times as long as its greatest
width, the lateral carinz parallel or scarcely perceptibly bowed outward, the
disk rectangular. Organs of flight projecting well beyond the pronotum.
B. Posterior femora more than two times as long as the pronotum,
albonotata, p. 589.
B’. Posterior femora less than two times as long as the pronotum,
albonotata var. brevipes, p. 392.
A’. Pronotal disk no more than one and one-half times as long as the greatest
width, the lateral carinze distinetly bowed outward in the middle, the disk
suboyate. Organs of flight not projecting beyond the pronotum, at least in
threvomliyaspeclmenv scenes aaseer a ee ste eee Sates Seles ae = gillettei, p. 392.
PLAGIOSTIRA ALBONOTATA Scudder.
Plagiostira albonotata ScuppEr, Ann. Rept. Chief Eng., 1876, p. 501 (1876); Ann.
Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. W. 100 Mer., 1876, p. 281; Can. Ent., XX VI, 1904,
p- 182; Cat. Orth. U.8., 1900, p. 797—Scupper and CocKERELL, Proc. Davenp.
Acad. Nat. Sci., LX, 1902, p. 55—CaupeE.i, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XX VI,
1903, p. 807.—Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 195.
390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Description.—Head moderate, about as broad as the anterior portion
of the pronotum, into which it is inserted quite deeply; vertex very
narrow, barely one-fifth as broad as the interocular space and mod-
erately prominent, longitudinally narrowly sulcate; eyes large and
very prominent, semiglobular; basal segment of the antenna consid-
erably larger than the vertex as viewed from the front. -Pronotum
long and moderately narrow, more than one and one-half times as
long as the greatest width; lateral lobes shallow, no more than one-
half as deep as long, vertical, not sinuate posteriorly; lateral carine
sharp to the anterior transverse sulcus, thence continuing as barely
discernible rounded angles, parallel or subparallel; median carina prac-
tically absent or obscurely present on the hind border posterior of the
median transverse sulcus; disk flat, cut across the middle by a broad
shallow sulcus as described under the genus, and across the middle of
I
10
hes
4
f
Fics. 74,75, 76.—PLAGIOSTIRA ALBONOTATA. 74, ADULT MALE. 75, CERCUS OF MALE. 76, VAR. BREVIPES,
OVIPOSITOR.
the anterior third by a conspicuous transverse sulcus, which extends
down across the lateral lobes nearly to the lower border; anterior
margin truncate, posterior margin broadly rounded. Prosternum
unarmed; mesosternal lobes acutely prolonged. Legs variable, the pos-
terior femor decidedly less than twice as long as the pronotum (fig. 74)
to two and one-half times as long, armed below on one or both mar-
gins with a few very minute spinules, or usually unarmed, parallel
on the apical half or nearly so, the basal half very moderately swollen,
no more than two times as thick as the apical portion; anterior tibiz
armed above on the outer side only, with three or four spines. Wing
covers about two times as long as broad, meeting above, usually over-
lapping, and extending beyond the pronotum in both sexes, a distance
equaling one-half the length of the pronotum in the male, sometimes
less in the female, the tympanum of the male occupying about one-
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 391
half the length of the projecting portion of the ‘elytra; wings wooat
as long as the elytra. Genital characters as described under the genus,
the ovipositor (fig. 76) curved distinctly downward and considerably
longer than the posterior femora.
Color yellowish brown, in dried specimens usually quite uniform,
except the wings, which are piceous, conspicuously contrasting with
the brownish colored elytra, which are finely reticulate with lighter
veins in both sexes. In some specimens, however, there are conspic-
uous chalky white markings, a transverse, faint white stripe following
the lower portion of the gene, another, broader and more conspicu-
ous, starting below the eye and passing back along the lower margin
of the lateral lobe of the pronotum. In these conspicuously marked
specimens another white line runs from the upper portion of the eye
to the anterior transverse sulcus of the pronotal disk, and the disk
and lateral lobes bear a number of spots and dashes of white and each
abdominal segment has an anteriorly directed triangular subdorsal and
lateral spot, which, together, form subcontinuous subdorsal and lateral
lines extending the entire length of the abdomen.
Measurements.—Lenegth, pronotum, male, ‘ 5-9. 5 mm., female, 8-10;
posterior femora, male, 15-18, female, 16-22.5; elytra beyond the
pronotum, male, 4-5, ‘wails. 2-5; ovipositor, 22-31; width, pronotum
at the middle, male, 4.5-5, female, 4.75-6.5.
Type.—In the Scudder collection at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Of this species I have recognized a variety which is separated from
the typical form in the above table of species.
The typical form has the posterior femora two times or more than
two times as long as the pronotum. The color of both varieties
probably exhibit about the same range of variation. The measure-
ments of this typical form are as follows:
Measurements. —Length, pronotum, male, 7.5-9 mm., female, 8-10;
posterior femora, male, 15-18, female, 17.5-22.5; elytra, beyond the
pronotum, male, 4-5, female, 2-4; ovipositor, 23-31; width, pronotum,
male, 4.5-5, female, 4.75-6.5.
Specimens examined.—Besides the type, a single female from New
Mexico, in the Seudder collection, I have studied one male, two
females, Durango, Colorado, August 3, one male, Dolores, Colorado,
August 2 (Gillette); one immature female, Pindale, Arizona (W.
Hough), one female, Morrison, Colorado, and one female, Albu-
querque, New Mexico (Cockerell).
The male specimen from Dolores, Colorado, is very small, the
thoracic width being 4.5 mm. and the length of the posterior femora
being but 15 mm. The female from Albuquerque, New Mexico,
which is in the Scudder collection, is unusually large, the measure-
392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
ments being as follows: Length, pronotum, 9 mm., posterior femora,
92.5, ovipositor, 31; width, pronotum, 6.5.
The very long posterior femora and ovipositor of this specimen
give it a very distinctive appearance. The ovipositor is slightly more
strongly curved downward apically and the pronotum is broader
than usual. I refrain from giving it at least a varietal name only
because of the unusual range of variation of size among the specimens
of the species studied. Except in pronotal length it represents the
maximum measurements made, aside from it the largest measurements
made of female specimens being as follows:
Length, pronotum, 8.75-9.5 mm.; posterior femora, 21.5; ovipositor,
28; width, pronotum, 5.5.
The male of this species has never been described, though the male
of the following variety has been recorded but not described.
PLAGIOSTIRA ALBONOTATA var. BREVIPES, new variety.
Description.—This variety is characterized by the short posterior
femora. It is of amore robust form than the typical variety. The
wings of the two specimens examined are thrust out at right angles to
the elytra, their coal-black color very conspicuous against the yellow-
ish brown background. The measurements are as follows:
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male 8.5 mm., female 9; pos-
terior femora, male 15, female 16; elytra, beyond the pronotum, male
4, female 3; ovipositor, 22; width, pronotum, male and female, 5.
Type.—Cat. No. 10187, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—One male, one female, Williams, Arizona,
July 24, 1901, collected on sagebrush by H. Barber.
The above are the specimens recorded by me® some time ago as 7?
albonotata. This variety may eventually prove to be worthy of spe-
cific distinction, but in view of the extraordinary range of size of the
specimens of the genius studied it is thought better to give it only
varietal rank at this time.
PLAGIOSTIRA GILLETTEI, new species.
Description.—Male; female unknown. Head scarcely as broad as
the anterior portion of the pronotum, into which it is deeply inserted;
vertex scarcely raised out of the general contour of the head very nar-
row and not at all prominent; the eyes are moderately large and very
prominent; basal segment of the antenna fully as large as the vertex
as viewed fromin front. Pronotum unusually large, distinctly broader
in the middle than at either end; lateral carinee bowed very noticeably
outward, giving the pronotal disk somewhat the appearance of that
of the members of the genus Ag/aothorax (fig. T7), except it is flat
@Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 897.
NO. 1530. THE DECTICINAZ OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 393
and roughened by rugosities and convolutions, the median transverse
furrow broad; the anterior margin of the disk is truncate and the
posterior margin is semicircularly rounded; median carina distinct
only behind the broad transverse furrow, anteriorly replaced by a
faint double longitudinal sulcus; lateral lobes longitudinally concave
with a few tortuous sulci breaking the otherwise smooth surface.
Organs of flight wholly concealed beneath the pronotum, the wings,
like those of the typical species, coal black. Posterior femora con-
siderably less than two times as long as the pronotum and not greatly
swollen basally, the greatest width near the base no more than twice
that of the narrowest part in the apical half, the swelling confined to
the basal half; all the femora are armed beneath on both sides with
a few very inconspicuous short, stout spinules, anterior tibix: armed
above on the outer side only with three spines. Genital organs as
described under the genus.
Fic, 77,—PLAGIOSTIRA GILLETTEI, MALE.
Color, yellowish, with the disk of the pronotum with fuscous mot-
tlings, the center of the broad sulcus showing a green cast and a short
longitudinal black stripe in the center of the pronotum next the
anterior border, posteriorly terminating at the anterior narrow trans-
verse sulcus. ‘The wing pads are piceous and the abdominal segments
have each a row of round black spots along the posterior margin.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 11.5 mm.; posterior femora,
18.5; width of pronotum across widest part, 7.5.
Type.—Cat. No. 10188, U. S. National Museum.
Specimen exvamined.—One male, Grand Junction, Colorado, June
20, 1905. Collected by C. P. Gillette, who presented the interesting
insect to the National Museum and in whose honor I take pleasure in
naming it.
This is a characteristic-appearing insect. It may be somewhat
immature as suggested by the smaller wings, the outer pair of which
is twisted beneath the under ones and their development propably
incomplete.
394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII,
IDIONOTUS Seudder.
TIdionotus Scupper, Can. Ent., X XVI, 1894, pp- 179, 182 (invalid, no species
included); Guide N. A. Orth., 1897, p. 56 (invalid, no species included);
Sat, Orth., U.S), 1900s ps 79:
Description.—Head medium in size; vertex moderately or scarcely
at all prominent, broad more than one-third as broad as the interocular
space; eyes small, usually somewhat prominent. Pronotum medium,
not greatly produced posteriorly; lateral lobes well developed, nearly
as deepas long, considerably decliv.ent and moderately sinuate posteri-
orly; lateral carine sharp, except in swhcarinata, persistent and
strongly or moderately convergent at the middle of the anterior half;
median carina absent or barely indicated on the posterior third of the
pronotum; disk nearly flat, marked about the middle by an inconspicu-
ous U-shaped sulcus or a transverse sulcus, truncate before and behind
or broadly rounded posteriorly. Prosternum unarmed. Legs long,
the posterior femora more than two times as long as the pronotum,
subparallel on the apical two-fifths, the basal portion considerably
swollen, unarmed beneath or armed on both margins with a few short
spines; anterior tibiz armed above on the outer side only with three
spines, rarely but two. Elytra nearly touching above and slightly
projecting beyond the pronotum in the female, except in swbcarinatus,
where they are concealed; in the male, where known, the elytra over-
lap above and project beyond the pronotum a distance equal to one-
half the length of the pronotum or more. Subgenital plate of both
sexes apically notched, the apical styles of the male stout, fusiform;
last abdominal segment triangular and entire in the female, in the male
triangularly incised apically; cerci simple in the female, in the male
armed at the extreme base with an inner spine and sometimes with a
short apical spine.¢ Ovipositor short and stout, no longer than the
posterior femora, abruptly tapering to a sharp point.
Type.—Idionotus brunneus Scudder.
The median dorsal spine of the anterior tibize is sometimes missing,
but the normal number seems to be three.
Kirby” places this genus in the synonymy under the genus Veduba
of Walker. In this he is certainly in error, the type of Veduba being
the same as that of 7ropizaspis.
We have three species of this genus, separable as follows:
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF IDIONOTUS.
A. Lateral carinze of the pronotum sharp, distinct.
B. Posterior femora three or more times as long as the pronotum; cerci of the male
no longer than broad and armed on the outer apical extremity with a sharp
point, fig: "793." So Asc dese = Jos a ee ae eee brunneus, p. 395
«This basal spine is not easily observed unless the cerci are unusually exerted.
bSyn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 395
B’. Posterior femora no more than two and one-half times as long as the pronotum;
cerci of the male twice as long as broad and apically unarmed, fig. 80.
brevipes, p. 396
A’, Lateral carine of the pronotum dull, somewhat indistinct.
subcarinatus, p. 397
IDIONOTUS BRUNNEUS Scudder.
Idionotus brunneus ScuppEr, Cat. Orth., U. S., 1900, p. 98.—WoopworrnH, Bull.
No. 142, Calif. Exp. Stat., 1902, p. 15.
Neduba brunneus Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., I, 1906, p. 194.
Description.—Head searcely as broad as the anterior portion of the
pronutum, into which it is moderately deeply inserted; vertex broad,
convex, not sulcate, one-third or more than one-third as broad as the
interocular space and quite prominent; eyes rounded, moderately
large and quite prominent; basal segment of the antenne not quite as
large as the vertex as
viewed from in front.
Pronotum very moder-
ately produced poste-
riorly, the lateral lobes
nearly as deep as long
and declivent; lateral ca-
rine converging on the
anterior fourth to two-
thirds the distance that
separates them poste-
EOUlye (fie. 79): pro-
notal disk rounded trun-
cate behind and infront, — Fries. 78, 79, 80.—Ip1onorus BRUNNEUS. 78, ADULT FEMALE. 79,
marked with an obscure By tec OF FEMALE FROM ABOVE. 80, CERCUS OF ADULT
U-shaped sulcus near the
middle. Elytra of female apically broadly rounded, nearly meeting
above and projecting but little beyond the pronotum; of the male over-
lapping above and projecting beyond the pronotum a distance equal
to about one-half the length of the pronotum. Lees long, the posterior
femora more than three times as long as the pronotum and armed
below on both margins with some small spines. Genitalia of female
as described under the genus; the cerci of the male no longer than
broad and, in addition to the short basal spine, is armed with an acute
apical point (fig. 80).
Color uniformly brown, the face a little paler and the ovipositor a
little more reddish brown. The pronotum of the male is sometimes
briefly blackish on the extreme posterior portion, next the lateral
carina.
Measurements.
Length, pronotum, male, 6 mm., female, 5.25;
elytra, beyond the pronotum, male, 2.5-3, female, 1.5; posterior femora,
396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL xox,
male, 20, female, 19.5; ovipositor, 15; width, pronotum at narrowest
point, male 3, female, 2.25; posteriorly, male, 4, female, 3.5.
Type.—Cat. No. 5783, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—One female, the type (fig. 78). Folsom, Cali-
fornia, July 7, 1885 (Koebeli), and three males, Thrall, California
(Caudell).
In his original description Doctor Scudder gives the length of the
pronotum as 6 mm., but I can make it no more than 5.25,
Besides the female type the National Museum contains three males
taken by the writer at Thrall, California, July 28, 1906. They were
taken in the evening singing in clumps of small oak shrubs. They sit
a few inches above the ground and stridulate very persistently, not
ceasing even when approached very closely. With a little care an
observer can easily approach and study the insect songster from a
distance of but a few inches. It requires a keen sight to locate the
insect at first, as it is protectively colored, blending so nicely with its
surroundings as to be practically invisible. When disturbed they
leap to the ground among the dead leaves and such débris as usually
gathers under the bashes and disappear. ‘The note is a very low and
soft, but quite high-keyed, thrill. repeated rapidly for long periods
at a rate of about one hundred and fifty distinct notes per minute.
Each note is made by one rasp of the short elytra.
IDIONOTUS BREVIPES, new species.
Description (Male; female unknown).—Head of moderate size, not
swollen, inserted moderately into the pronotum; vertex not prominent,
rounded, broad, decidedly broader than one of the
eyes, which are of medium size and not prominent;
antenne slender. Pronotum of medium size, poste-
riorly produced well over the wings; lateral lobes
deep, two-thirds as deep as long and nearly vertical,
flaring a little below, posteriorly scarcely sinuate;
lateral carinze well developed, somewhat acute, nearly — yc. s1—1p1oxorvs
straight, approaching on the anterior half to one-half Ce ae
their posterior distance apart, and then, just before a
reaching the anterior edge of the pronotum, they expand slightly.
Pronotal disk flat, divided about the middle by a very broad and rather
deep transverse sulcus or depression; median carina present only poste-
rior of this transverse depression, where it is rather distinct and well
developed, anterior margin of the disk truncate, posterior margin
broadly rounded. Wings aborted, elytra fully as long as the pronotum
and very broad, overlapping more than usual in this group apically,
near the costa, with a notch. Abdomen moderately slender, hardly
carinate; cerci(fig. 81) cone shaped armed near the base on the inner side
with a sharp black spine directed inwards and with the apical half
bent upwards with a sharp curve, the whole cerci no more than twice
No, 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 397
as long as the basal width and not extending outside of the cavity
formed by the subgenital plate and the last abdominal segment, the
basal spine noticeable only when the. cerci are removed or pushed
laterally far back; subgenital plate long and triangularly incised and
bears a pair of movable, club-like apical styles, two times as long as
broad. Legs short, posterior femora less than two and one-half times
as long as the pronotum, parallel on the apical two-fifths, unarmed;
coxal spines of the anterior legs broad and sharp; anterior tibize
armed on the outer side above with three spines, unarmed on the inner:
side. Posterior tibie with the plantule very poorly developed.
Color light yellowish brown; lateral lobes of the pronotum infus-
cated quite uniformly and heavily on the disk, the lower margin, the
posterior third, and a narrow margin along the anterior edge being
light yellowish. There is a row of black spots down each side of the
abdomen and the outer face of the posterior femora is striately infus-
cated.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 5.5 mm.; elytra, beyond the
pronotum, 6; posterior femora, 12; cerei, 1.5.
Type.—In the Scudder collection.
Specimens ecamined.—One male, Arctic America (Kennicott). This
species was mentioned, but not described, by Doctor Scudder.” It is
certainly a new species, as shown by the short posterior femora and
other less obvious points of difference.
IDIONOTUS SUBCARINATUS, new species.
Description.—Female, male unknown. Head medium, scarcely
broader than the anterior portion of the pronotum; fastigium some-
what prominent, a little broader than the basal segment of the antenna,
about one-third as broad as the interocular space; eyes scarcely promi-
nent, nearly round, very slightly flattened anteriorly; antenne, except
the basal segment, very slender. Pronotum moderately large and
posteriorly produced over the base of the abdomen so as to com-
pletely conceal the. organs of flight; lateral lobes well developed,
declivate, posteriorly broadly sinuate; lateral carine dull, but distinct,
made more distinct by the coloration, persistent, considerably bowed
inwards in the anterior half, the posterior portion of the disk being ¢
third broader than the narrowest portion; median carina not indicated;
pronotal disk broadly convex, truncate anteriorly and posteriorly,
without transverse carine, marked in the center with a broad obscure
transverse depression. Prosternumunarmed. Organs of flight wholly
concealed beneath the pronotum. Legs moderately stout, the poste-
rior femora three times as long as the pronotum and much swollen on
the basal two-thirds; all the femora unarmed; anterior tibixe armed
above on the outer side only with three spines, below on both sides; pos-
«Canadian Entomologist, XX VI, 1894, p. 282.
398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXX.
terior and intermediate tibize armed on both margins, both above and
below. Cerci conical, simple, about three times as long as the basal —
breadth. Ovipositor nearly as long as the posterior femora and
curved moderately and uniformly upwards.
Color wood-brown, the sides of the pronotum a little darker, the
upper posterior portion shiny piceous; sides of the abdomen shiny
black, strongly contrasted with the brown dorsum; posterior femora
with two longitudinal black streaks on the outer face; ovipositor, legs,
and face tinged with reddish brown.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, 6 mm.; posterior femora, 18;
ovipositor, 17; width, pronotum across the metazona, 3.5; posterior
femora at narrowest point, 1, at widest point, 3.75; ovipositor, in the
middle, 1.5.
Type. —Cat. No. 10189 U.S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—One female, labeled ‘‘Colonia Garcia, Chi-
huahua, Mexico” (Townsend). The specimen was presented to the
U.S. National Museum by Bruner.
The slight development of the thoracic carinz and the absence of
visible wings will readily separate this Mexican species from the United
States forms.
CLINOPLEURA Seudder.
Clinopleura ScuppErR, Can. Ent., X X VI, 1894, pp. 179, 182; Guide N. A. Orth.,
1897, p. 56; Cat. Orth. U. S., 1900, p. 79.—Kirsy, Syn. Cat. Orth, IT, 1906,
p- 194.
Description.—Head lurge and prominent; vertex broad, fully half
as broad as the interocular space and prominent; eyes oval, scarcely
prominent. Pronotum of medium size and very moderately produced
posteriorly; lateral lobes well developed, about as deep as long, very
declivent, and scarcely sinuate posteriorly; lateral carinee well devel-
oped, slightly convergent in the anterior sixth and then gradually
divergent to the posterior border of the pronotum, where they are as
widely separated as at the anterior border (fig. 84); median carina dis-
tinct, low but persistent; disk flat, very narrow, about four times as
long as the posterior breadth, no more than one-half as broad as the
prothorax through the lower margins of the lateral lobes, cut at the nar-
rowest point, the point of convergence of the lateral carine, by an
inconspicuous transverse sulcus; pronotal disk anteriorly truncate,
posteriorly rounded. Prosternum unarmed. Legs long, posterior
femora over three times as long as the pronotum, subparallel in the
apical half or less, slightly swollen above apically and much and
abruptly swollen basally (fig. 82), armed below on the inner side only
with a few stout black spines; anterior tibiz armed above on the outer
side only with four spines, rarely with five. Wings aborted; elytre
broad and apically broadly rounded, overlapping above in both sexes
and projecting beyond the pronotum a distance equal to nearly or quite
m
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 399
one-half the length of the pronotum. Subgenital plate apically notched
in both sexes, the side angles rounded in the female, in the male ter-
minating in somewhat slender styles. Last abdominal segment of the
male apically deflexed and roundly concave, similar in the female;
supraanal plate of both sexes triangular, often difficultly seen but in
some specimens fairly prominent, often, in the male, with a central
pit extending nearly through the plate; cerci simple in both sexes,
quite uniformly tapering in the female, in the male with the apex
attenuate and bent inwards in the form of a hard, naked, black tooth.
(Figs. 83 and 86.) Ovipositor straight, not as long as the posterior
femora and abruptly pointed at the apex.
Type.— Clinopleura melanopleura Scudder.
The members of this genus are natives of the middle Pacific States,
all the known species being recorded from California or Utah. They
probably inhabit open fields, as Professor Morse has taken (©. imelano-
pleura in some numbers traveling about in grassy fields some distance
from woods.
We have three species, one apparently undescribed. They may be
separated by the following table:
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CLINOPLEURA.
A. Size larger, pronotum 6 mm. or more in length.
B. Cerci of the male with the apical black naked portion one-third, or more, as
long as the main body (fig. 83); pleura of both sexes with a light margin
behind and below, generally contrasted strongly with the rest of the surface,
which is black on the posterior portion and sometimes all over,
melanopleura, p. 399
B’. Cerci of the males with the black apical portion about one-fourth as long as
the main body (fig. 86); pleura of both sexes with the colors usually but
libtleseontrasted=: ys see ee ee co eee aes flavomarginata, p. 401
A’, Size smaller, pronotum 5.5 mm. or less in length; cerci of the male with the
apical black portion about one-fourth as long as the main body (fig. 86),
minuta, p. 402
CLINOPLEURA MELANOPLEURA Scudder.
Steiroxys melanopleura ScupperR, Ann. Rept. Chief Eng., 1876, p. 500; Ann. Rept.
U.S. Geol. Surv. West 100 Merid., 1876, p. 280.
Clinopleura melanopleura ScuppER, Can. Ent., XX VI., 1894, pp. 182, 183; Cat,
Orth. U.S., 1900, p. 79; Can. Ent., XX XII., 1900, p. 332.—Woopworrsz,
Bull, No. 142, Calif. Exp. Station, 1902, p. 15.—Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II.
1906, p. 194.
Description.—Head broader than the anterior portion of the pro-
notum, into which it is very slightly inserted; vertex prominent, one-
half as broad as the interocular space, convex, not at all sulcate; eyes
ovate, of medium size, not prominent; basal segment of the antenna
scarcely more than one-fourth as large as the vertex as viewed from
in front. Pronotum as described under the genus. Elytra of both
sexes elongate, reticulated with conspicuous coarse veins. Legs very
long, the posterior femora over three times as long as the pronotum
400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
and much and abruptly ampliate on the basal three-fifths, being nearly
four times as broad at the widest point as at the narrowest; anterior
tibiz armed above on the outer side only with.four, or very rarely
with five, spines. Cerci of the female cylindrical, about four times as
long as the basal width, tapering to a point and apically curved some-
what inwards, of the male with the black naked apical portion nearly
one-half as long as the main body and bent inwards at right angles
with the main body and usually somewhat recurved (fig. 83), the basal
portion subcylindrical, slightly tapering. Ovipositor (fig. 85) straight,
considerably less than the posterior femora in length, the abruptly
pointed apex smooth.
FIGS. 82, 88,84, 85.—CLINOPLEURA MELANOPLEURA. 82, ADULT MALE. 83, CERCUSOFMALE. 84, PRONO-
TUM OF MALE FROM ABOVE. 89), OVIPOSITOR FROM THE SIDE.
Color light yellowish-brown, or, by variation, dark brown. The
abdomen of typical specimens is slightly darkened on the sides, as are
also the outer face of the posterior femora; the lateral lobes of the
pronutum are more or less deeply infuscated, except the lower and
posterior margins, which are always clear yellowish. The measure-
ments of typical specimens are as follows:
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 6.5—7 mm., female, 6.5-7.5;
posterior femora, male, 23-26, female, 24-28; elytra, male, 3.5-4,
female, 2.5-4; ovipositor, 19-23; width of the pronotal disk at the
posterior margin, male, and female, 3.25-3.5.
No, 1530. THE DECTICINZ OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 401
Type.—In the Scudder collection.
Specimens excamined.—I have examined nearly half a hundred speci-
mens of this species. Professor Morse has a fine series of six males
and eighteen females taken by himself at Tehachapi, California, in
1897. They were found traveling about in a grassy field some dis-
tance from any woodlands. Besides this series in the Morse collec-
tion and the material in the Scudder collection, which includes the
type, I have seen specimens from Los Angeles County, California, and
from San Bernardino and Atwater in the same State. A female taken
at Valley Springs, California, July 28, 1885, by H. A. Mepinge, is
colored, except the lateral lobes of the pronotum, which are margined
as usual, uniformly dark brown, instead of light yellowish brown, and
the measurements are somewhat less, being as follows:
Length, pronotum, 6 mm.; posterior femora, 21; elytra, 2.25; ovi-
positor, 16; width of pronotum at the posterior border of the disk, 2.25,
This specimen seems to form a variety worthy of a name, and I call
it Clinopleura melanopleura var. infuscata.
Type.—Cat. No. 10190, U. S. National Museum.
A female in the Scudder collection is somewhat more infuscated
than usual, tending towards this dark variety and proving the differ-
ence separating the variety from the typical form to be varietal and
not specific. This dark variety is somewhat related to the following
species, favomarginata, but is much smaller, and the lateral lobes of
the pronotum are more distinctly margined posteriorly with yellow.
CLINOPLEURA FLAVOMARGINATA Scudder.
Clinopleura flavomarginata ScuppErR, Can. Ent., XX XIT, 1900, p. 332 (part ).—
Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Description.—Very similar to C. melanopleura, in structure, except
that of the cerci, practically the same. The coloris testaceous with the
infuscation of the lateral lobes of the pronotum less distinctly con-
trasted with the posterior margins than in melanopleura. The struc-
ture of the cerci of the male is quite different from than of melano-
pleura, the black shiny apical portion being only about one-fourth as
long as the main body instead of nearly one-half as long, in this respect
agreeing with the cerci of the following species, ménuta. The
measurements are as follows:
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male and female, 6.75 mm.:
posterior femora, male, 25.5, female, 26.5; elytra, male and female,
2.75; ovipositor, 19.
Types.—In the Scudder collection and the collection of A. P. Morse.
Specimens eramined.—Several specimens of botlf sexes, all from
California.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxx1i—07 26
402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. xxxu.
The specimens recorded in the original description as from Ahwanee,
Raymond, and Calaveras, California, all belong to a different species
herein described as new. The true types as here eliminated are all
from Ceres, California, August 17, one pair in the Scudder collection
and one male in the collection of Morse. An immature female in the
collection of the National Museum is referred here with some doubt.
It comes from Anaheim, Orange County, California (Coquillett).
Were it not for the different cerci of the male I would rather
incline to the belief that this species is but a variety of melanopleura.
CLINOPLEURA MINUTA, new species.
Clinopleura flavomarginata ScuppER, Can. Ent., XX XII, 1900, p. 332 (part).
Description.—In most particulars this species is like melanopleura
except in size, which is much less than in either melanopleura or
Havomarginata. The cerci of the male are like those of flavomar-
ginata, the black apical portion being about one fourth as long as the
main body (fig. 86). The color is testaceous or fusco-testaceous with
the lateral lobes of the pronotum infuscated and margined below and
behind with yellow. The elytra are comparatively
about the same length and show about the same range
of variation as those of the typical species. The
size, however, 1s the most conspicuous differentiating
Fre. 86.—Curxopteura feature, being as follows:
MINUTA. CERCUS OF
ADULT MALE,
Measurements.—Leneth, pronotum, male, 4.5-5
mm., female, 4.5-5.5; posterior femora, male, 19-22,
female, 19-22.5: elytra, male, 2-3, female, 1.5-2; ovipositor, 13-16;
width, pronotal disk at the posterior margin, male and female, 1.75-2.5.
Type.—Cat. No. 10191, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—Several specimens of both sexes from Cali-
fornia.
Described from two pairs from Calaveras, California. In the col-
lections of Scudder and Morse are examples from Ahwanee, Calaveras,
and Raymond, California, some of them marked as types of C. flavo-
marginata. These specimens bear flavomarginata type labels and are
mentioned in the original description but do not appear to enter
materially into the description itself as the measurements are much
below those given for flavomarginata. I have seen a male of mnuta
from Berkeley, California.
This is the smallest species of the genus and seems very distinct.
———
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 403
IPILYAIEN(O ILA AINS) Jeti oveer
Platycleis Freper, Lotos, III, 1853, p. 149.
Chelidoptera® WersMAEL, Bull. Acad. Brux., V, 1838, p. 591.—Kuirsy, Syn. Cat.
Orthe, UE 1906; p= 203:
Description.—Female. Head quite small, deeply inserted into the
pronotum; vertex very broad, about two-thirds as broad as the interoeu-
lar space, moderately prominent; eyes medium in size, moderately
prominent. Pronotum small and but slightly produced posteriorly;
lateral lobes well developed, about as deep as long, very nearly ver-
tical and very slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral carine distinct,
moderately sharp, persistent, a little more rounded on the extreme
anterior margin of the pronotum, straight, uniformly expanding a little
from the front backwards; median carina present only on the pos-
terior third, moderately sharp; disk narrow, a little broader behind than
infront and flat, marked just anterior of the termination of the median
carina with a tolerably distinct U-shaped sulcus; the disk is subtrun-
cate anteriorly and posteriorly. Prosternum unarmed; mesosternal
lobes prominent. Elytra squameform, overlapping above, rounded
apically and projecting beyond the pronotum a distance equal to nearly
one-half the pronotal length; wings about as long as the elytra but
not so broad, lateral, not meeting above. Legs moderately long, the
posterior femora more than twice as long as the pronotum, swollen
on the basal three-fifths and unarmed below, the plantula of the hind
tarsi scarcely one-half as long as the basal segment; anterior tibie
armed above on the outer margin only with three spines. Abdomen
moderately plump and dorsally subcarinate; subgenital plate apically
roundly and shallowly notched; supraanal plate small, triangular and
dorsally concave, almost concealed beneath the last abdominal see-
ment, which is broad, centrally concave and mesially incised apically
for nearly its entire length by a narrow cleft; a pair of perpendicular
infracercal plates embrace the supraanal plate, which they equal in
length; cerci simple, conical, hairy; ovipositor curved strongly upwards
and about as long as the posterior femora.
Type.— Decticus intermedius Serville.
This is the only old world genus represented, so far as known, in
our fauna. But one species is known, the following:
PLATYCLEIS FLETCHERI, new species.
Description.—Female, male unknown. Head scarcely as broad as
the anterior portion of the pronotum; vertex convex, broad and mod-
erately prominent; eyes medium in size and prominence, rounded;
basal segment of the antenna broad, almost one-half as large as the
4 Preoccupied in ornithology by Chelidoptera Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1836,
(1837), p. 81.
404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
vertex as viewed from in front. Pronotum narrow, structure as des-
cribed under the genus. Wings narrower but about as long as the
elytra, which are apically broadly rounded, overlap dorsally and pro-
ject beyond the pronotum about one-half the pronotal length. Legs
of moderate length and size; posterior femora more than two times as
thick basally as apically, the swelling confined to about the basal three-
fifths; anterior tibiz un-
armed above on the inner
side, on the outer side armed
with three spines. Abdo-
men and genital characters
asdescribedunder the genus.
Solordark reddish brown,
the posterior tarsi and the
sides of the vertex black and
the disk and the central por-
tions of the lateral lobes
of the pronotum nearly black, the latter bordered below and behind
with yellowish.
Measurements.—Lenegth, pronotum, 5.25 mm.; elytra, 2.5; posterior
femora, 14.5; ovipositor, 14; width, pronotal disk at the posterior
margin, 3.75; at the anterior margin, 2.75.
Type.—Cat. No. 10192, U. S. National Museum.
Specimens examined.—The type, one female (fig. 87), taken- by Dr.
James Fletcher at Calgary, Assiniboia, Canada, on July 31, 1904, and
by him presented to the U. S. National Museum.
I take pleasure in naming this interesting insect in honor of its
illustrious collector.
Fic. 87.—PLATYCLEIS FLETCHERI. ADULT FEMALE.
STEIROXYS Herman.
Steirorys Herman, Verhandl. der k. k. Zool.—Bot. Gesellsch. Wien, XXIV,
ow 1874, pp. 200, 207.—ScuppeEr, Can. Ent., X XVI, 1894, pp. 179, 182; Guide
N. A. Orth., 1897, p. 56; Cat. Orth. U. 8., 1900, p.. 78.—Kirsy, Syn. Cat.
Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Description.— Head small, not prominent, deeply inserted into the
pronotum; vertex moderately prominent and exceedingly broad,
almost as broad as the interocular space; eyes small, scarcely prominent;
basal segment of the antenna less than one-fourth as large as the
vertex as viewed from in front. Pronotum of medium size, moderately
produced posteriorly; lateral lobes well developed, nearly as deep as
long, slightly declivent and somewhat sinuate posteriorly; lateral and
median carinze distinct and persistent, the former subparallel,
diverging slightly from in front backwards (fig. 89); disk nearly flat,
subrectangular, subtruncate both in front and behind, about two or two
and one times as long as broad and without conspicuous sulci, some-
No. 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CA UDELL. 405
times with a noticable V-shaped one near the center. Prosternum
unarmed. LElytra of female short, rounded lateral pads, scarcely
projecting beyond the posterior edge of the pronotum, of the male
broad, overlapping dorsally and projecting beyond the pronotum a
distance equal to about one-half the length of the pronotum. Legs
long, the posterior femora two and one-half times to nearly four times
as long as the pronotum, strongly expanded on the basal two-thirds
and unarmed beneath or armed with a few small spines; anterior
tibiz armed above on the outer side only with three spines; abdomen
moderately plump, scarcely carinate; subgenital plate of both sexes
apically rectangularly incised, that of the male with moderately
prominent styles at each side behind; supraanal plate small and apically
triangular in both sexes, closely fitted between a pair of compressed
infracercal plates, usually hidden beneath the last abdominal segment,
which, in the male, is mesially incised; cerci of the female simple,
cylindrical, pointed, of the male cylindrical with the apex sharp and
tooth-like, bent inwards and furnished on the inner side with a sharp
tooth; ovipositor very slightly curved upwards and of a length varying
from distinctly shorter than the posterior femora to somewhat longer.
Type.— Thamnotrizon tritineatus Thomas.
The type of this genus was originally described as having the
pronotum without carine but in the description of the genus Ste/roxrys
Herman says that this was probably a clerical error. That this is
probably the case is indicated by several facts. Specimens of the type
species labelled in the handwriting of Thomas as type specimens are
in the National Museum and they have the pronotum carinate. Glover
has figured the species, presumably from authentic specimens from
Thomas, and his illustration shows the pronotum to be carinate.
Besides this Thomas himself practically admits the correctness of
Herman’s diagnosis as based on ¢r//ineatus.“ Thus tril/neatus is seen
to have a carinate pronotum and the statement to the contrary in the
original description is to be attributed to a clerical error.
The classification of this genus is by far the least satisfactory of any
of the group here treated. The cerci of the males are either unusually
variable for this group or indicate several more species than I have
recognized. ‘That the cerci of the males, which are unvarying
characters of such synoptic value in other genera of the group, should
be so variable as to be useless as a differentiating character in this
particular genus is, to say the least, odd. It may, however, eventually
result that we have several more species than here considered but at
this time Iam unable to recognize such to be the case. The sexes are
connected only by association with localities, none, so far as I know,
having been taken in copulation. Color, so far as determinable from
the material studied, is of little constancy. About fifty specimens of
@Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. W. 100 Mer., V, 1875, p. 906.
406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
the genus haye been studied but much more material and field observa-
tion is necessary to satisfactorily place the various forms. The genus
is distinct and very well circumscribed but the species seem in a
hopeless state of chaos. The females are, at the present state of our
knowledge of the genus, practically inseparable. Scudder has, it is
true, published a table of species based upon characters supposedly of
synoptic value but a study of type material in his collection shows
some of the characters used by him in his table to be inversely true.
Thus the pronotal disk of boreal’s is more nearly twice as long as
broad as is that of pallidipalpis. The length of the posterior femora
varies as does the color. Therefore, I have made no attempt to
synoptically separate the various forms, this being deemed imprac-
ticable at this time. The described species are as follows:
STEIROXYS TRILINEATA Thomas.
Thamnotrizon trilineatus THomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1870, p. 76; Ann.
Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II, 1871, pp. 265, 268.—Gutovenr, Ill. N. A. Ent.,
Orth, 1872, pl. vu, fig. 5.—Scupper, Index N. A. Orth, 1901, p. 322.
Decticus trilineatus THomas, Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V, 1872, p. 443.—
3RUNER, Bull. No. 27, Div. Ent. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1892, p. 31.—ScuppER,
Index N. A. Orth, 1901, p. 95.
Dectes trilineatus BrunER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci., III, 1893, p. 31.
Steiroxys trilineata Herman, Verhandl. der k. k. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch. Wien.,
XXIV, 1874, p. 207, pl. v, figs. 64-69.—Scupprr, Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894,
pp: 182, 183; Cat: Orth: Us 8.2, 1900; p: 79; Index N. -A-;Orth. o0l a pred0e
ScuppER and CockereLL, Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. Sci., IX, 1902, p. 55.—
Krrpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Description.—Head small and deeply inserted into the pronotum;
vertex convex and moderately prominent, very broad, occupying
practically all the interocular space; eyes of moderate size, rounded
and not prominent. Pronotum and wings as described under the
genus. Legs moderately long, the posterior femora about three times
as long as the pronotum, swollen on the basal two-thirds and unarmed
below; anterior tibise armed above on the outer side only with three
spines, rarely one of them missing. Abdomen plump, dorsally sub-
carinate; cerci of the female round, about four times as long as the
basal width and tapering to a point, tapering mostly in the apical balf;
cerci of the male (fig. 91) cylindrical or somewhat flattened and tapering
gradually to a point, curved downward and inward at the tip, and fur-
nished on the inside about or just beyond the middle with a slightly
recurved tooth cylindrical and shaped like the end of the main body;
ovipositor about as long as the posterior femora and curved some-
what upward, the tip abruptly tapering to a point and roughened by
minute serrations.
Color dark brown or yellowish, usually with some lighter markings
down the dorsum, sometimes lighter with a row of conspicuous V-
NO. 1530. THE DECTICINZ OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 407
shaped black marks down the top of the abdomen and a row of oblique
black dashes along the sides (fig. 88). The lateral lobes of the pronotum
are generally bordered below and behind with yellowish, and next
this yellow border behind is usually a piceous streak.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 5.5-6 mm., female, 4.5-6;
posterior femora, male, 18-19, female, 15.5-19; elytra, male, 2-3,
female, 5-1; ovipositor, 16-24; width, pronotum at posterior margin,
male, 3-38.25, female, 2.5-3.
Type.—Apparently lost.
Specimens examined.—Material from Nebraska, Colorado, Montana,
and Idaho.
The National Museum contains specimens labeled as types, but
erroneously so, as the species was described from southeast Colorado,
while these specimens
are from South Pass,
Wyoming; but they are
doubtlessly authentic
specimens, being la-
beled in the handwrit-
ing of Thomas. Be-
sides these, the National
Museum contains speci-
mens, all females, from
Nebraska, Colorado,
Montana, and Idaho.
Besides these localities
the species has been
recorded from Utah, Figs. 88, 89, 90, 91.—STEIROXYS TRILINEATA. 88, ADULT FEMALE.
Fy uiea tet og ci eal gare cree a ana aaraa
Mexico.
The figure by Glover is nota good one, failing, as it does, to properly
show the thoracic carine.
Besides the statement that the pronotum is without carine the
original description contains some other minor points at variance with
the characters of the specimens now considered as this species. But,
as stated in the discussion under the genus, Herman’s construction is
accepted.
There is an immense amount of variation in color and general
appearance of the specimens here referred to this species. Some
specimens are light, with conspicuous abdominal markings and with
short legs and ovipositors, as shown in fig. 88, and others are very
uniformly brownish or greenish yellow, with long posterior femora
and ovipositors, while still others have the conspicuous abdominal]
markings, but with long posterior femora and ovipositors. The cerci of
the males sometimes have the tooth situated at the middle (fig. 91),
408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
and sometimes much beyond the middle (fig. 90); in some specimens
the location of the cercal tooth is intermediate between the two figured.
There may be more than one species represented among the speci-
mens here referred to this species, but if so, Iam unable to satisfac-
torily separate them.
STEIROXYS PALLIDIPALPUS Thomas:
Decticus pallidipalpus THomas, Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Sury. Terr., V., 1872, p. 442;
Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1876, p. 262.—ScupprEr, Index N. A. Orth.,
1901, p. 95.
Steiroxys pallidipalpus ScuppEr, Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894, pp. 182-183; Cat. Orth.
U.S. 1900, p. 78; Index N. A. Orth., 1901, p. 300.—Rrnn, Ent. News,
XVII, 1906, p. 288.—Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Description.—Head medium in size, inserted into the pronotum a
moderate depth; vertex broad, convex, much broader than the eye,
which is considerably smaller in the female than in the male. Pro-
notum moderate in size and in posterior prolongation, the lateral lobes
deep, almost vertical, with a slight posterior sinus; lateral carinee prom-
inent, sharp, persistent, in both sexes diverging very
slightly posteriorly. Pronotal disk nearly _ flat,
slightly rising from the lateral carinz to the distinct,
persistent, median carina; the disk is truncate behind
and in front, or very slightly rounded anteriorly,
rig. 92._Stemoxys Without sulci. Wings and legs as in ¢redineata, the
PALLIpIPaLpus. posterior femora sometimes with a few small spines
an. beneath. Abdomen as in ¢relineata. Cerci of the
female about four times as long as the basal width, of
the male heavy basally, tapering abruptly just beyond the inner tooth,
which is situated at or before the middle, the apex sharp and bent
inward (fig. 92). Ovipositor long, slightly curved upward and unarmed
apically, curving somewhat more in the basal portion than that of
the following species. \
Color yellowish or light brown, the posterior femora mottled more
or less with fuscous; lateral lobes of the pronotum in the male slightly
infuscated posteriorly and with a yellow margin above the sinus, in
the female about the same, but less distinct. Ovipositor dark reddish
brown.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male, 6.75 mm., female, 7;
posterior femora, male, 18.5-24.5, female, 19-20; elytra, male, 3.5,
female, 1; ovipositor, 18.5-22; width, pronotum at posterior margin,
male, 4.5, female, 4.
Zype.—Apparently lost.
Specimens evamined.—Specimens from Nevada, Oregon, Idaho,
Wyoming, Washington, and California.
The above description, except the minimum measurements, which
No, 1530. THE DECTICINA OF NORTH AMERICA—CAUDELL. 409
are taken from Thomas’s original description, was drawn up froma
male in the Scudder collection from Ruby Valley, Nevada (Ridgeway),
and a female in the Morse collection from Mary’s Peak, Benton
County, Oregon, September 16, 1897. This female may be wrongly
associated but the male is very certainly properly placed. The species
has also been recorded from Utah and Idaho.
The cerci of the male in this species seems to represent a type
derived from that of S. trd/ineata, the inner tooth having become
slightly smaller and moved back toward the base (fig. 93). The two
forms of cerci are, however, quite distinct.
The National Museum contains one much shrivelled female from
Idaho, evidently preserved in spirits and afterwards dried, which is
‘labeled in the handwriting of Professor Thomas
as questionably S. pallidipalpus. Also one fe-
male from Pocatello, Idaho, one without label
and a male from east Washington. This male,
which is referred here with some doubt, has the
cerci shaped as shown in fig. 93, and the posterior Fis. 93.—Sreiroxys Pat
femora measure 22 mm. in length. Bruner has 9 O7sN"™ Cue
fo) ADULT MALE (VARIETY).
a number of both sexes from Washington, Idaho,
Wyoming, and California. Rehn records it from Utah.
The specimen figured by Glover® as this species is very surely
wrongly identified, probably belonging to the genus Avemopedes or
Stipator.
STEIROXYS BOREALIS Scudder.
Steiroxys borealis ScuppErR, Can. Ent., X X VI, 1894, p. 182; Index N. A. Orth.,
1901, p. 300.—WoopwortnH, Bull., p. 142, Calif. Exp. Stat., 1902, p. 15.—
Kirpy, Syn. Cat. Orth., II, 1906, p. 194.
Description.—Head and pronotum as in S. tridineata. Elytra of
the male projecting scarcely one-half the length of the pronotum,
broad, overlapping above, of the female slightly projecting lateral
lobes. Legs moderately long; the posterior femora swollen on the
basal two-thirds and unarmed beneath; anterior tibixe armed above
on the outer side only with three spines. Abdomen moderately heavy,
dorsally subearinate; cerci of the female conical, variable in length,
sometimes seemingly less than four times as long as the basal width
while in some specimens referred here they are fully five times as
long. The cerci of the male are strikingly different from those of
either of the preceeding species, being basally much compressed, no
more than one-half as broad as deep and apically divided into two
equal incurved hard black claws (fig. 94). Ovipositor moderately stout,
scarcely as long as, or but Jittle longer than, the posterior femora,
slightly curved upward, apically pointed and unarmed.
GaUEING AS Ente Orthewl8i2, ple rx, fos.
410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.”
Color brown, usually with a pair of more or less distinct narrow
pale subdorsal lines on the abdomen.
Measurements.—Length, pronotum, male and female, 6-7 mm.;
posterior femora, male, 18-5, female, 17.5-20; elytra, male, 3, female,
0.5-1; ovipositor, 15-21; width, pronotum at posterior margin, male,
3.25, female, 3.5.
Type.—In the Scudder collection.
Specimens examined.—The types from northern California and
specimens from Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, and British America.
The above description, with the exception of cer-
tain measurements, was drawn up froma male from
northern California, from the old Uhler collection,
and a female from Oregon, no locality given. These
Fig. 94—Sterroxys are Scudder’s types. In the collection of the Museum
aoee amare, of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts,
are a number of female specimens from Oregon in
which the ovipositors are almost straight. The National Museum
contains several specimens, all females, which are referred here.
They are from Pullman, Washington, July and August; Jackson’s
Hole, Wyoming, August; Fort McLeod, British America, August .
and one without label. These specimens are referred here by locality
rather than by any noticeable differences separating them from dark
forms of ¢rilineata.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
ARGULIDA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES.
By CuyarLes Brancn WILson,
Department of Biology, State Normal School, Westfield, Massachusetts.
INTRODUCTION.
This fifth paper in the series based on the Collection belonging to
the U. S. National Museum gives for the first time an account of the
newly hatched larvee of two of our common Argulids, one, Argulus
Sunduli, a salt-water form, and the other, Argulus maculosus, found
only in fresh water.
It also gives a description and figures of the male of Argulus catos-
tom?, Which is the oldest of our North American species.
In each of the three instances the form here described is the only
one needed to complete a full account of the species, including its life
history. We have now, therefore, six native species whose entire
development is known, two infesting marine fishes and the other four
those inhabiting fresh water.
For the opportunity of obtaining the present material the author is
indebted again to the courtesy and assistance extended by the Bureau
of Fisheries. The larva of Argulus funduli was obtained during the
summer of 1905 while the author was working as a temporary assist-
ant at the station of the Bureau of Fisheries at Beaufort, North
Carolina. The other two forms were obtained during the present
summer, 1906, while holding a similar position at Lake Maxinkuckee,
Indiana. Grateful acknowledgment is here made for these favors.
I. THE MALE OF ARGULUS CATOSTOMI Dana and Herrick.
This was the first American Argulid to be described. For this
reason and also because of the excellent figures given by Dana and
Herrick with their original description, it was at once accepted by
European scientists and has taken the same place in America that is
occupied by Argulus foliaceus in the European fauna. But Dana and
Herrick did not secure any specimens of males, and consequently their
species diagnosis was based entirely upon females. This has been the
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXXII —No. 1531.
411
author, in a previous paper on the Argulide, was forced to be content
with the one sex in consequence of an unfortunate accident which
destroyed the few male specimens he possessed.
Accordingly this, the best known and one of the most widely dis-
tributed American species, has waited almost seventy years for the
completion of the original diagnosis.
In the spring of 1905 the author visited the State fish hatchery at
Swanton, Vermont, on the Missequoi River, near the shores of Lake
Champlain. At this station are hatched every year many millions of
the eggs of the wall-eyed pike, Stzsostedion vitreum, one of the most
common food fishes in the lake and its tributaries. The females are
obtained for stripping by means of seines, and through the superin-
tendent of the station permission was obtained from the State authori-
ties to examine all the fish taken in the seines. For this and for many
other courtesies the author acknowledges his indebtedness to the super-
intendent, who kindly placed at his disposal every facility which the
station afforded.
Among other fish obtained were several red-fin and black-fin
suckers, Catostomus nigricans and C. catostomus, and from these were
taken about twenty specimens of Argulus catostomi, five of which
proved to be males. Both sexes of this species were also obtained
from the black sucker, C. catostomus, caught in Lake Maxinkuckee,
Indiana, in August, 1906.
None of these specimens were as large as those obtained by the
author from the same sucker in Massachusetts, but which were acci-
dentally destroyed. Swanton, Vermont, is a long way from Mill
River in Connecticut, where Dana and Herrick secured their specimens,
and Lake Maxinkuckee is even farther removed.
Furthermore, the water is entirely fresh in both these localities
instead of being brackish. But the one lot of material supplements
the other and enables us to complete the account begun so long ago.
ARGULUS CATOSTOMI Dana and Herrick.
Plate X XIX, figs 1-9.
The Male.—Carapace orbicular, about one-tenth wider than long,
with evenly rounded sides. Posterior sinus very wide, especially at
the base, and a little more than one-third the length of the carapace.
Grooving of the dorsal surface like that of the female. Abdomen
elliptical and relatively much larger as would be expected in this sex,
about one-third the length and one-fourth the width of the carapace.
Testes elliptical, pear-shaped, and fully three-fifths the length of the
abdomen, their dorsal surface sprinkled with small dots of dark pig-
ment. Anal sinus wide, less than one-third the length of the abdomen;
>
No. 1531. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ARGULIDA— WILSON. 413
papille basal and minute. The accessory sexual characters are very
prominent and markedly different from those of any other species.
In the fourth legs both joints of the basipod carry a flap, heavily
fringed with plumose setz on their posterior margin, that on the basal
joint being several times larger than that on the proximal. -The pee
on the anterior margin of the proximal joint is quite similar to that
-in Argulus versicolor, but relatively larger. The two parts of the peg,
basal and terminal, are more clearly defined than in any species yet
examined, and together make a pear-shaped organ with an evenly
rounded outline. The tip of the tube is enlarged and surrounded by a
fringe of minute hairs as in other species. The basal portion of the
peg connects on the inside of the leg with a long spindle-shaped
receptacle which extends inward through both joints of the basipod
and almost to the mid-line of the body. Its walls are muscular and no
doubt aid in ejecting the sperm.
In the third legs the proximal joint of the basipod is semi-lunar
and the ends curve outward in long flaps, one in front of and the other
behind the terminal joint. The posterior flap 1s wide and bluntly
rounded at the tip; it carries a heavy fringe of plumose sete and
reaches only to the center of the distal basipod joint. The anterior
flap is narrower and tapers to a long curved point which overlaps the
base of the exopod for some little distance. There are no plumose
sete on its margin, but instead its entire dorsal surface is covered with
small spines.
The distal joint of these third basipods bears the semen receptacle
which is also similar to that of Avgulus versicolor, except that the
opening is nearer the center on the dorsal surface, instead of being at
the posterior margin.
There is also a cone-shaped funnel extending forward from the
anterior margin of the opening, along the dorsal surface of the basipod.
This cone has a slit running along the dorsal side for the whole length;
the outside of the cone and the inside at the tip are covered thickly
with small spines.
The receptacle inside these legs is cylindrical and extends inward,
like that of the fourth legs, through both basipod joints and into the
third thorax segment.
The base of the exopod of these legs is enlarged on its anterior
border where it joins the basipod into a rounded knob thickly covered
with short spines.
The basal joint of the second legs bears a small flap on its posterior
margin and ventral surface similar to those on the other legs but much
smaller. It carries only four plumose set, at its outer end. The
distal joint of the basipod of the first and second legs is armed with a
flagellum, which projects from its ventral surface at the outer anterior,
corner.
414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
The reproductive e organs are very prominent, being colored a cinna-
mon brown, which stands out in strong contrast to the surrounding
gray and yellow. From the anterior end of each of the large testes a
vas efferens leads forward to the semen receptacle, which is situated in
the second thorax segment.
The vasa deferentia given off from the anterior end of this receptacle
are very large at their bases and project somewhat into the first thorax
segment. They taper gradually backward to the fourth segment, where
they curve down on the outside of the vasa efferentia and meet below
in the common ejaculatory duct.
Color of the Lake Champlain specimens a grayish green, similar to
that of the female, the ventral surface of the thorax in the male and
in several young females taken with them being sparsely covered with
small spots of a brick-red pigment.
Color of the Lake Maxinkuckee specimens a light grayish brown,
without any tinge of green. Eyes dark brownish black, brain a pur-
plish hue, reproductive organs a dark cinnamon brown.
The ventral surface of each testis has a long line of the same dark
brown running through the center lengthwise, the line becoming
bifurcate toward the posterior end.
On the ventral surface of each joint of the thorax at the center and
on the basipods of the swimming legs are small spots of brick-red
pigment.
Total length 5-6 mm.; length of carapace 4.5 mm., of thorax 1.5
mm., of abdomen 1.35 mm. Width of carapace 4.8 mm.
Il. THE LARVA OF ARGULUS FUNDULI Kro6yer.
Plate XXX, figs. 10-14.
Only a single larva, that of Argulus megalops, ot the true salt water
Argulids bo been described up to the present time.
The one here presented is therefore the second and is of peculiar
interest in that it substantiates many of the characters in which the
megalops larva was found to differ from the fresh-water forms. Two
ripe females of Argulus funduli were obtained from Fundulus hetero-
clitus at Beaufort, North Carolina, on August 4, 1905. On being
placed in fresh sea water one of the females deposited her eggs; these
were then kept ina small glass surrounded by running sea water at a
constant temperature of about 27° C. The eggs began to hatch on
August 22, eighteen days after being laid. This is in marked contrast
with the megalops larve, which required sixty days of incubation, but it
shows that there is the same difference between the salt-water forms
that we find in fresh-water species.
The eges of Argulus fundul/, therefore, among the salt-water forms
correspond with those of A. americanus and A. maculosus trom fresh
NO. 1531. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ARGULIDA— WILSON. 415
water. Furthermore we are certain that in the present instance the
period of development is normal, for these eggs were kept at the same
temperature as the ocean water in which they would naturally have
been laid. The following is a description of the larvae obtained:
Carapace heart shaped, a little wider than long; not much narrowed
anteriorly; its entire margin fringed with delicate hairs, amongst the
anterior two-thirds of which are scattered longer tactile hairs. Pos-
terior sinus very shallow, the lateral. lobes wide and well rounded.
The large eyes are placed well forward and are widely separated.
The cephalic area is clearly differentiated from the lateral areas at the
sides and from the thoracic area posteriorly, and considerable move-
ment is possible between these areas. The skin glands are not as
large as those of the megalops larve, but there is a row of ten or
twelve of medium size on either side parallel with the margin of the
posterior portion of the lateral lobes.
The first antennze, like those in the megalops larva, have assumed
nearly their permanent form. The basal joint is armed with a broad
and blunt posterior spine, and the usual sickle-shaped claw on its
lateral margin. The terminal joints are comparatively stout and do
not project much beyond the claw of the basal joint. The second
antenne are also of the adult form, slender, four jointed, and termi-
nating in a small claw.
On the ventral surface, inside the base of these antennze and imme
diately behind the large posterior spine of the first pair on either side,
is another spine of the same size and shape.
The first maxillipeds are very large and stout and three jointed,
the basal joint much swollen and bearing on its ventral surface near
the distal end two large flat spines.
The second joint is much shorter and narrower, though still stout;
the terminal claw is sickle-shaped, with the usual three barbs on its
inner margin at the tip. The posterior maxillipeds are large and
stout also, the basal joint with a pair of strong spines on its posterior
border, the terminal joint with two stout and movable claws and a
straight, rounded knob.
The ventral surfaces of the three middle joints.are well armed with
flattened laminz, one edge of which is raised and cut into long and
sharp teeth. Between the bases of these maxillipeds, on either side
of the mid line, is a slender and sharp spine.
The mouth tube is short and wide, with a framework quite similar
to that in megalops. The mandibles, however, are not toothed along
their inner border, and there are no labial palps visible. The retrac-
tile proboscis is comparatively large and stout. Free thorax seg-
ments wide and quite long, leaving considerable space between the
posterior border of the carapace and the abdomen. Each segment
carries a pair of swimming legs fully developed and of practically the
A16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
same form as in the adult, with the exception that the endopod of the
first pair is three jointed instead of two jointed.
Abdomen large and regularly elliptical, being a little longer than
wide; anal sinus deep and triangular, the lobes on either side evenly
rounded; anal papille large and basal, each armed with four long
curved setze which reach well beyond the posterior margin of the
abdomen. We do not find in this abdomen the few large skin glands
on either side which were so prominent in the megalops larve, but
instead a large number of tiny glands scattered over the entire dorsal
surface, with a row of six or seven on either side of the intestine a
trifle larger than the rest.
Total length, 0.66 to 0.7 mm. Length of carapace, 0.48 mm.
Width of carapace, 0.47 mm. Length of free thorax, 0.147 mm.
Length of abdomen, 0.125 mm.
The larva of A. funduli thus takes its place with those of A. mega-
lops and A. stizostethii as one in which most of the metamorphosis
takes place within the egg before hatching.
Like the two species mentioned the larva, when it does come forth,
has the same appendages and structure as the adult, with the singie
exception of the first maxillipeds. Even these, however, are pre-
hensile, although by means of a claw instead of a sucking disk. As
soon as they come out of the egg these larvee begin to swim by means
of the same appendages which they are to use through life. In the
case of megalops and stizostethii this is what would naturally be
expected, the former spending sixty and the latter eighty days in the
ege.
But these fundul7 larve hatched in eighteen days, and it is at least
noteworthy that they were able to reach the same advanced develop-
ment in so small a fraction of time.
The digestive tract and the circulatory apparatus are not as far
advanced in the present species as in megalops, and presumably in
stizostethii, although we have no record in this respect for the latter
species. But in external morphology, and particularly in the loco-
motor apparatus, these eighteen-day larve have fully reached the same
advancement as the other two species.
Ill. THE LARVA OF ARGULUS MACULOSUS Wilson.
Plate XX XI, figs. 15-22.
Two females of this species with ripe eggs were obtained at Lake
Maxinkuckee, Indiana, August 8, 1906, from the redeye, Ambloplites
rupestris, It was afterwards found that this was not their true host,
but only a temporary one, used while they were searching for a suit-
able place to deposit their eggs.
Numerous specimens of both sexes were subsequently obtained from
the two catfish, Ameturus natalis and A. nebulosus, which are evidently -
oo.
made entirely from preserved specimens, it will be well to note here
the color of the living adults.
The body in both sexes is beautifully transparent and of a soft yel-
low color, like rich cream. Against this background the grooves on
the dorsal surface of the carapace and the spots over the semen recep-
tacles in the female and over the testes in the male show aclear cinna-
mon brown, while the claws and spines on the ventral surface are a
darker brown, tinged with reddish.
The small spots which cover the entire dorsal surface, and from
which the species was named, are a light brown, distinctly visible
even to the naked eye.
The two females deposited their eggs that same evening upon the
sides of a wide-mouthed bottle in which they had been placed.
The eggs were arranged in single straight rows, not end to end like
those of megalops, but the first one inclined to the right, the second
to the left, the third to the right, and so on.
The jelly envelope assumes a form characteristic of this species and
much resembling that in A. catostomt and A. americanus, with this
difference. In catostom? the jelly hardens into rows of papillee, all
about the same size, and running lengthwise of the egg; where the
egos come together these papille rows simply fuse into one another.
In americanus there are similar longitudinal rows in which the papillee
are the same size, and in addition there are alsoa few scattered masses
of jelly, some of which are nearly two-thirds as large as the entire
ego. But they are scattered at random, and there are never more than
one or two for eachegg. Here in maculosus the longitudinal rows are
the same as in the other two species, and there are in addition the large
masses of jelly. But instead of being scattered they are arranged with
perfect regularity, a row of them standing out like the spokes of a
wheel at the junction of every two eggs, and at right angles to the
long axis of the egg row.
The eggs are twice the size of those of wmericanus, measuring 0.64
by 0.48 mm., exclusive of the jelly envelope. They are light yellow
and transparent when first laid, but become darker and opaque about
the fourth day. The eyes appeared on the eleventh day, and the eggs
began to hatch on August 24, sixteen days after they were laid, about
the same length of time as that required for the americanus eggs.
They did not all hatch at once, but kept coming out for about sixty
hours. They were kept immersed in the lake for the first twelve days,
the temperature of the water for that time averaging 76° F. They
were then removed to an aquarium in which the water temperature
stood nearly constantly at 72° F.
@Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 715.
27
Proc, N, M. yol, xxxii—07
418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
The newly hatched larvee are sluggish and move about slowly like
those of americanus, but they do not stick to the bottom of the dish
like the latter. Moreover, their motion is not jerky and cyclops-like,
but is similar to that in the adults. They are beautifully transparent,
the small amount of pigment present only serving to bring out more
clearly the internal anatomy. The following is a description of these
larvee:
‘arapace broadly elliptical, the width to the length in the propor-
tion of 13 to 16; anterior margin broad and rounded, with a fringe of
long cilia, among which are scattered tactile hairs; as in other species,
The posterior sinus is broad and shallow, while the free thorax and
abdomen form a wide triangle relatively shorter than in other species.
The first free segment is considerably less than half (five-thirteenths)
the width of the carapace; the remaining segments and the abdomen
diminish regularly in size. The abdomen is relatively smaller than in
any other species; its shape is that of three-quarters of a circle, the
chord forming the base, while the diameter is considerably less than
the width of the last thorax segment.
The anal lamine are close together, small, slightly divergent, and
each carries two or three spines, of which the inner is the longer.
The first antenne are three-jointed, the two terminal joints approx-
imately spherical, the basal joint large and armed with a powerful
hook. The curve of this hook reaches to the tip of the terminal joint,
while in the americanus larva it scarcely reached the center of the
second joint.
The second antenne are similar to those of the folzaceus larva, but
the two joints of the basal portion are very unequal, the distal one
being fully twice as large as the proximal.
The temporary exopod is without joints and of the same length as
the endopod, while this-latter, which is permanent, has three joints
increasing regularly in length, the terminal one the longest and tipped
with a short curved claw and a pair of bristles.
The temporary mandibular palps are situated as far forward as in
the americanus larva and are three-jointed. The spine connected with
their base is outside of the mouth tube, straight instead of curved,
and much nearer the mouth opening than in other larvee. In fact, the
tip of the spine is almost ona level with the rim of the mouth opening.
The anterior maxillipeds are stout and four-jointed and terminate
in the usual pair of sickle-shaped claws, the dorsal one of which is
barbed. The large cells in the basal joint which are to form the
sucking disk are not apparent when the larva is first hatched, but can
be seen forming two or three days afterward. The posterior maxilli-
peds are large and five-jointed, each joint armed on its ventral surface
with spines and bristles. The terminal joint ends in two small and
strongly curved claws and a conical papilla, tipped with a single minute
spine, which frequently gets broken off. There is a stout spine on the
NO. 1531. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ARGULIDA— WILSON. 419
posterior border of the basal joint and a still longer one farther in on
the ventral surface of the carapace close to the mid-line.
Of the swimming legs the first pair only are developed, the others
being immovable stumps. This first pair consists of two basal joints,
the distal one much the smaller and armed with spines on its ventral
surface, and two rami. The endopod is three-jointed, each basal joint
armed with a long spine at its distal end and shorter ones on its ven-
tral surface, the terminal joint ending in two short spines. The
exopod is one-jointed, with bristles along its anterior margin and two
long nonplumose set at the tip. The leg stumps of the other pairs
show plainly the division into endopod and exopod, the latter of which
is tipped with two short spines, the former with only one, while both
are covered on their ventral surface with small spiny hairs.
The internal anatomy is similar to that of other species already
described. The digestive tract is not as well formed as in the amer/-
canus larva, and there is only the faintest trace of the shell glands in
front of the side branches of the stomach. The chitin rings in the
posterior lobes of the carapace are prominent and already possess the
same shape as in the adult, and so are characteristic of the species.
The only other part deserving special mention is the skin glands.
In the americanus larva there was only a single small group of these
glands on either side near the posterior edge of the carapace lobes.
In the present larva no skin glands at all are visible on first hatching;
very small ones afterwards appear in the posterior carapace and the
abdomen.
IV. ARGULUS APPENDICULOSUS, new species.
Plate XX XII, figs. 23-30.
Carapace orbicular, longer than wide, projecting slightly anteriorly,
with broad and well-rounded posterior lobes, which just reach the
abdomen in the male but fall a little short in the female. Posterior
sinus broad, its sides slightly divergent, showing in dorsal view the
bases of the posterior legs on either side of the last two or three
thorax segments. Eyes small, situated far forward and well separated;
cephalic area nearly as wide posteriorly as anteriorly, with evenly
rounded sides. Chitin rings in the lobes of the carapace large and
well defined, having the same general pattern as in A. catostom?,
americanus, and versicolor, namely, an outer larger, semilunar ring
with a much smaller spherical one inserted in its inner border near the
anterior end.
In the present species the anterior portion of the outer ring, in front
of the spherical ring, is larger than usual and reaches almost to the
center of the disks of the first maxillipeds.
The spherical rings are relatively smaller than in the species men-
tioned and are buried more deeply in the sides of the large rings.
420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
Abdomen small, one third the length of the carapace, nearly as wide
as long, and ovate. Anal sinus reaching just to the center of the abdo-
men; posterior lobes triangular, slightly divergent and very wide at
the base, almost obliterating the anal sinus. Anal papillee minute and
basal, almost concealed between the bases of the posterior lobes.
First antenne stout, the claw twice the length of the rest of the
basal joint and stoutly curved; the two terminal joints minute and
scarcely reaching the tip of the claw.
At the base of these antenne is a pair of stout spines, one on either
side of the mid-line and some distance from it; each is strongly curved
outward. Second antenne small, no longer than the first, the joints
diminishing regularly in size, the last three armed with bristles in the
usual manner.
Mouth-tube stout and somewhat swollen at the tip; mouth opening
subterminal and very similar to that in A. versicolor. Mandibles
slender and not strongly curved, the teeth on the convex side large
with bluntly rounded tips; those on the concave side slender and
needle-like, longest at the point of the mandible, then growing rapidly
smaller, and entirely disappearing at about the center of the side.
First maxillipeds large, the sucking disks being-fully one-fifth the
width of the carapace. This margin is supported in the usual manner
by rods, which, instead of being made up of segments, as in most
species, appear to be continuous and perfectly homogeneous.
Second maxillipeds stout and of the usual pattern, the basal joint
armed with a triangular plate, which is broad and projects far behind
the appendage. Its posterior margin is cut into three wide and blunt
teeth, or, rather, laminze, evenly rounded and very similar to those
on A. cutostom?. Nearly the entire ventral surface of the appendage
is covered with spines and papille; the terminal claws are short and
blunt.
Swimming legs of the usual pattern, the fourth pair with large
boot-shaped posterior lobes, the toes of which project beyond the
lateral margins of the abdomen.
The male is similar to the female, with the exception of the sex dif-
ferentiations. The posterior lobes of the carapace are longer, as
already stated, and just reach the anterior margin of the abdomen.
The latter is relatively longer than in the female and narrower; the
anal sinus does not extend to the center, and the tips of the posterior
lobes are more bluntly rounded. The testes are long and narrow and
situated close to the mid-line on either side.
The accessory sexual organs are in the form of broad laminate
appendages, very prominent even in a superficial view. The two rami
of the fourth legs are much widened, particularly the proximal joint
of the endopod, whose posterior border is flattened into a broad lam- -
ina several times as wide as the terminal joint. At its base where it
NO, 1531. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ARGULIDA— WILSON. 421
joins the basipod it is enlarged posteriorly into a rounded lobe, whose
surface is covered with rough papille. But the most prominent
feature of these legs is the enormous lobe or lamina attached to the
posterior margin of the basipod. This is hoot-shaped, as in the female,
but is fully twice as large, the toe of the boot being pointed, consid-
erably widened, and turned forward so that it projects anteriorly in
front of the exopod. The flap thus covers the whole of the endopod
and about half of the exopod.
The basipod of the third legs is also furnished with broad laminate
lobes, one along the posterior margin, which extends outward a little
beyond the base of the endopod, and another on the ventral surface
turned diagonally forward and outward.
The peg on the anterior margin of the basipod of the fourth legs
and the semen receptacles on the posterior margin of the third legs
are as in other species.
Female, total length 7.4 mm.; length of carapace 5.5 mm.; width
of same 5.1 mm.; length of abdomen 1.8 mm.; width of same 1.6 mm.
Male, total length 8 mm.; length of carapace 5.9 mm.; width of
same 5.4 mm.; length of abdomen 2.1 mm.; width of same 1.45 mm.
Color (preserved material) a uniform creamy white with the dorsal
surface sparsely covered with small spots of brown pigment.
There is a noticeable absence of pigment spots over the testes in the
male and the ovary and semen receptacles in the female.
About twenty specimens of this new species, including both sexes,
were obtained from a sucker (species not given) at Montpelier, Ver-
mont, and were sent to the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries at Woods Hole
in August, 1898. These have been made the types of the new species,
and are numbered 32829 in the catalogue of the U. S. National
Museum (appendiculosus, with many appendages, referring especially
to the large laminate lobes on the posterior legs of the male, which
look like extra appendages).
V. NOTES ON DEVELOPMENT.
On October 9, 1902, a paper was read before the South London
Entomological and Natural History Society on ‘* Argulus foliaceus, a
Contribution to the Life History.”
This was written by Frederick N. Clark, one of the vice-presidents
of the society, and was published in their proceedings for 1902. It
proves to be a valuable contribution and one which has not gained the
prominence it deserves. This may be partly due to the fact that it is
published in an entomological journal where one would not ordinarily
look for important papers on the crustacea.
499 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXX.
Several facts there published have an important bearing in connec-
tion with the present paper. The author writes on page 12:
My observations commenced in 1896, since when I have had good opportunities
of studying its life history, having repeatedly bred them from the egg to the adult
stage, and so on again.
So far as known this is the only instance on record of the actual
breeding of any parasitic copepod throughout its entire life history.
The facts presented, therefore, are of special value since they are
actual facts and not partial deductions.
On pages 19 and 20 are many interesting statements in reference to
oviposition and the time required for hatching.
Statistics which I have taken from twenty cases of oviposition show that the aver-
age time from the laying of the egg until hatching occupies 25 days.
It was found that temperature greatly influences the length of incu-
bation, and that this period also varies still more widely for reasons
which are apparently inexplicable. In testimony thereof witness the
following:
In confinement I have records of ova laid on November 29 and hatching on May
6 of the following year. On the other hand, some batches laid on August 30 and
September 2 remained over the winter and hatched on April 10.
The former is a period of five months and eight days, the latter of
seven months and two days either period being far in excess of any
previously recorded. It must be remembered also that these were
‘‘in confinement ”—that is, in aquaria, where the temperature would
be much higher than out of doors during these winter months.
The moral for the investigator would seem to be that if the eggs he
is watching do not hatch within the allotted time he must still keep
them, even to a period of six months; they may yet come around all
right and hatch into normal larve at the eleventh hour.
Again, Clark states that eggs which began hatching on February 27
and continued into March ‘‘ became adult on June 27, and laid ova
which hatched on July 20 (twenty-three days.”) In this case the entire
period from the birth of the parents to the birth of the children was
a week less than five months.
This enormous difference from an average of 25 days to a maximum ,
of 212 days emphasizes more forcibly than ever before the necessity
of keeping an accurate record of the attendant temperatures and con-
ditions if we would form a rational conclusion in reference to the
period of incubation. Fortunately the daily temperature of the water
was carefully recorded during the incubation period of both of the
larve here described, and is supplied in the account as given. It
would be very interesting to determine what relation, if any, the
length of the incubation period bears to the subsequent length of life
of the Argulid. Would the continuance of the larve for 200 days
within the egg tend to shorten its subsequent life /
No. 1531. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ARGULIDA— WILSON. 423
Again Clark writes on page 20:
The newly hatched Arguli immediately attach themselves to the fish, and only
leave it to undergo their metamorphosis.
This is what would naturally be expected, for, in reviewing the
development of the various families of parasitic copepods, we find
that those larve which, like Caligus, Ergasilus, and the like, hatch
into a typical nauplius form, remain free swimming through several
‘nauplius and metanauplius stages before seeking their host.
On the contrary larve like those of Chondracanthus, Achtheres,
etc., which pass the nauplius stage inside the egg, or moult from it as
soon as they are hatched, remain free swimming but a very short
time, seeking their host almost immediately.
In like manner these Argu/us larvee, which pass all the earlier stages
inside the egg and hatch out in an advanced cyclops stage, seek their
host immediately. It is no wonder that the efforts hitherto made to
keep them through several moults without any host have all failed.
But since they are not as particular about the species of host as many
of their relatives, it ought to be easy in the future to supply some
small and hardy fish to the newly hatched larvee, that would serve asa
temporary host and carry them through to the adult form. This
suggestion bids fair to be of great value in future investigations not
only of the Argulidee, but of all the parasitic copepods.
Clark gives the average length of life of an Argulus as ‘‘ probably
over six months.” In the opinion of the present author this ought to
be lengthened. somewhat, since adult Arguli have been repeatedly
found, which had laid one batch of eggs, and another batch was
beginning to form within the ovaries.
The prevalence of such specimens makes it probable that the normal
female lays at least two batches of eggs. The formation and matura-
tion of these eggs, in addition to the time required for the develop-
ment of the larva to sexual maturity, almost certainly exceeds six
months.
On page 21 it is stated that—
If hungry or pressed for food the stickleback will sometimes swallow the Arguli,
but generally speaking they are avoided, and if swallowed are ejected from the
mouth.
This agrees fully with the experience of the present author as
already recorded for the adults of It is possible that this species may prove to bea synonym of balzanii. They
differ as follows:
*D., 9; A., 14; scales, 4-34-5; depth, 4; head, 3; eye, 3 in head; caudal plane;
dorsal-and anal with three-seried of spotess. 2) S3o-e5 eae see ee eee eee balzani
*D. 10; A. 12; lat. 1., 34; depth, 4; head, 33; eye, 34 in head; caudal with
numerous crossbars; dorsal and anal, with four dark longitudinal bands.
paraguayensis
432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
wo. 15382, PCQOILIID FISHES OF LA PLATA BASIN—EIGENMANN.
Q. CYNOLEBIAS BELLOTTII Steindachner.
‘
Habitat.—La Plata. (See fig. 10.)
Fic. 10.—CYNOLEBIAS BELLOTTIT. @, HEAD OF SAME,
10. CYNOLEBIAS ELONGATUS Steindachner.
Habitat.—La Plata.
11. CYNOLEBIAS MACULATUS Steindachner.
Habitat.—La Plata. (See fig. 11.)
\ fo)
FIG. 11.—CYNOLEBIAS MACULATUS.
12. CYNOLEBIAS ROBUSTUS Ginther.
FTlabitat.—La Plata.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07 28
A. REVIEW OF THE COBITOID FISHES OF THE BASIN
OF THE AMOUR.
By Lro Bere,
Of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg.
This paper contains a review of the Cobitidee known to inhabit the
water system of the Amur River. It is based on material belonging
to the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St.
Petersburg and duplicates in the United States National Museum.
1. MISGURNUS FOSSILIS ANGUILLICAUDATUS (Cantor).
Cobitis fossilis Grorat, Reise, I, 1775, p. 354 (‘‘ Nertschinskische Flusse.’’ )
Cobitis anguillicaudatus Cantor, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., IX, 1842, p. 485 (Chusan ).
Cobitis decemcirrosus Basitewsky, Mém. Soe. Nat. Moscou, X, 1855, p. 259
(Peking).
Cobitis fossilis var. mohoity DyBowsKt, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XIX, 1869,
p- 957 (Onon, Ingoda).
Misgurnus fossilis WARPeACcHOWSsKI, Vestn. Rybopr. (Russian), VII, 1892, p. 153
(Khanka Lake, No. 8414).
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus JoRDAN and Fow er, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VI,
1903, p. 766 (Japan, Formosa; contains full synonymy ).
Misgurnus decemcirrosus JoRDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXX, 1906,
p. 833 (N. E. China) and M. anguillicaudatus (Japan, 8. I. China, Chusan,
Shanghai).
Ussuria leptocephala Nixotsky, Ann. Mus. Zool. Pétersb., VIII, 1905, p. 362
(Ussuri, Kerulen; Nos. 10655, 12791).
After comparing JZ. anguillicaudatus from Kast Asia with specimens
of JM. fossilis from Europe (see table), [ became convinced that they
are closely allied (as noticed already by Doctor Giinther.)* The only
obvious distinguishing character is the color; in European and West
Siberian specimens there are on the sides of the body longitudinal
bands, while in east Asiatic specimens the bands are substituted by
irregularly distributed dark spots. Some specimens from Amur, as
regards the color, are intermediate between angudllicaudatus and
fossilis. As the plastic characters are identical in both species, I
regard anguillicaudatus as a subspecies of fossilis.
@Cat. Fish., VIII, 1868, p. 345.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXXII—No. 1533.
436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
This subspecies varies much more than the Kuropean form, espe-
cially as regards the length of pectorals; the width and depth of body
are also subject to much variation.
In a recent paper” Messrs. Jordan and Snyder have referred speci-
mens from northeastern China to J/. decemcirrosus Basilewsky, and
indicated that they differ from angullicaudatus as follows:
a. Seales relatively large, about 112 (105 to 118) in a lateral series; body plump, the
depth 64 to 63 in body; head 6} to 74 in length; barbels long, the longest 14
to 22 in head; eye, 2 to 3 in snout; color, relatively plain, the stripes and spots
not very distinct. Streams of northeastern China..........----- decemcirrosus.
aa. Scales relatively small, about 148 (148 to 154) in lateral series; body slender, the
depth 63 to 8 in length; head, 64 to 6; in length; barbels short, the longest
31 to 44 in head; eye, 22 to 3 in snout; coloration rather brighter, but very
variable; the body with dark lateral shades and more or less numerous small
black spots. Streams of Japan, common everywhere in Hondo, Shikoku,
and Kiusiu; also in southeastern China, Chusan, Shanghai, ete.
anguillicaudatus.
The examination of a large collection of JZ. anguillicaudatus from
Amur, ‘China, and Japan, belonging to our museum, convinced me
that decemcirrosus is a nominal species. If we regard the specimens
from near Peking as a distinct species, we shall be obliged to regard
many varieties of the same species found in other parts of China and
in Japan also as distinct species, which is inadmissible in consequence
of the known variability of angullicaudatus.
Concerning the seales, Iam unable to find any differences between
the Japanese and north Chinese specimens. In Nos. 2341 and 8640
from Peking, I count 145 seales, in No. 8640 from Pikua (Kansu),
150, in specimens from Japan, 155-170. Also in J/. fossl7s the num-
ber of scales in the lateral line is subject to much variation. In speci-
mens from Europe I find 165-175 scales, while Valenciennes? gives
135-140. As regards the depth of the body I find in Japanese 6.39.1,
(in body without caudal) in north Chinese, 6.7—7.2, in specimens from
Amur, 6.8-9.0; length of head is respectively 6.4-6.8, 6.1-6.2, 6.8-7.8;
eye in snout, 2.2-2.6, 2.3-9.4, 2.0-4.4, ete. Both in China and Japan
there are specimens that are plain as well as brightly colored. Most
convincing to me was a comparison between No. 4280 from Japan (Doc-
tor Schlegel’s collection) and No. 2341 from Peking; they belong to
a variety with high body and differ in no respect one from another;
scales, color, as plastic characters, are quite identical. On the other
hand, bright. colored specimens from Nagasaki (No. 7515) are identi-
eal with similarly colored specimens from the Amur Basin (No. 12791).
a@Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXX, 1906, p. 833.
> Cuvier and Valenciennes, X VIII, 1846, p. 48.
No. 1538. REVIEW OF COBITOID OF THE AMUR BASIN—BERG. 437
M. fossilis. Misgurnus fossilis anguilli caudatus.
; ty = fe) = =o | ° fe) :
s |e le. eagees |e | = Sous
Measurements a 6 | a5 | ae S pee lneee =)
3 6 | 4 |Me me | 2 | 4 | 8S |e8 me |
Z, w - og 03 4 aS ears ae lee
o AO ia pa op 00 a a bs
ai | Sader nae seas. ole z q
Eatecee emote arama css 4 Wa eo) ah. | ee
EM Seen acs | commie eee cs oe valiea) | Alera eS
|
Total length in mm ...-.--. 182; 168] 185 | 1384) 197) 143 | 194] 147 ls size |) slay 141
Length of body without
(LIC ENN (Me Sees a setoeses 155 145 ilaty/ 116 170 125 165 123 136 120 100 121
ibateralelines eas sos0ccss 170 | 175 165 {Oe (aeeeeteeall eee 145 150 LS Wilanaese| seoeae 170
Depthof bodyinlength(Z)-| 7.0 | 7.6 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 6.8 | 8.6 |6.7 | 7.2 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 7.5 6.4
Length of head in (/)..... 6.7 | 6.2 7.3 6.8 6.6 7.8 6.2 6.1 | 6.8 Gavi 624: 6.7
Length of barbel in head-.} 2.62 | 2.61-| 2.66 | 2.61 | 3.40 | 2.66 | 3.12 | 3.47 | 2.96 | 3.00 | 2.58 3. 00
Ven SnOUlee eee eee Suma | Ran One OU OMe |p Salen ede unl RON an NONANS | OES ea ORS RI Polo M TONG 283
Width of body in (/)...--. Ot W10S8 7 eo 829) 13iil 92 8.0 |18.3 {11.8 {10.0 9.3
Length of pectoral in (/)..| 8.6 | 9.1 |6.6 | 8&3 /11.3 |10.4 |9.1 |8.0 /10.8 |10.9 | 5.7 | 10.1
Length of caudal pedun- |
(alksanal.(() pe epesceasceeccse Ded eD.0) | || G52 6.1 6e8e WeDed) os9) Ged [o> 5.0 a7 o. 9
|
The genus Ussuria established by M. Nikolsky is based on an error.
Ussuria is described as having only 8 cirri (2 on the mandible), other-
wise as in M/isgurnus; but after examining the type specimens No.
10655 and No. 12791 I find in both 10 cirri (4 on the mandible),
otherwise these specimens are quite identical with J/. foss/l/s
anguillicaudatus. :
We have many specimens from the basin of Amur: basin of Khanka
or Haupa Lake (No. 8414), Ussuri at Khabarovsk (No. 10655), Kerulén
River (tributary of Argun; No. 12791); Da-chu-ang, tributary of
Sungari (No. 13703), from China; Peking, Pikua in Kansu, Hui-hsien
in S. Kansu, from Japan.
LEFUA Herzenstein.
Octonema HeRrzENSTEIN, Trud. Soc. Natur. Petersburg, XTX, 1887, p. 47 (pleskei=
costata; name preoccupied ).
Lefua HerzENstern, Przewalski’s Fische, 1888, p. 91 (pleskei=costata).
Elixis JorDAN and Fow er, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX VI, 1903, p. 768 (nikkoms).
Cirri 8, four rostral, two maxillary and two at the anterior nostrils.
Scales present. No erectile spine below the eye. Dorsal fin about
over the ventral, with few rays; caudal rounded. Air. bladder with a
posterior part free in the abdominal cavity. Two species: Z. Costata
in the basin of Amur, N. China, and Korea; Z. nzkhon7s in N. Japan.
2. LEFUA COSTATA (Kessler).
Diplophysa costata Kesster in Przewalski, Mongolia, and the Land of Tanguts,
II, 1876, Fishes, p. 29, pl. 1, fig. 3 (Dalai-nor Lake, inner basin of E. Mon-
golia, No. 2477).
Octonema pleskei HERZENSTEIN, Trud. Soc. Nat., Petersburg, XIX, 1887, p. 48,
fig. 5 (Khanka Lake, No. 7209).
_ Lefua costata Herzenstern, Przewalski’s Fische, 1888, p. 93 (No. 2477).
Lefua pleskei HERZENSTEIN, Przewalski’s Fische, 1888, p. 95 (No. 7209).
438
Nemachilus dixoni Fowumr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 1899, 1900, p. 181
(Tan-lan-ho, near Dolon-noor, trib. of Liao-ho).
Elixis coreanus JORDAN and STarKs, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVIII, 1905, p.
201, fig. 7 (Gensan, Fusan).
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
We have specimens from Dalai-nor Lake (No. 2477), Ulugui River (in
Khinghan mountains), Khanka Lake (Ussuri River), Da-chu-ang (trib-
utary of Sungari), Vladivostok (in a rivulet), numerous specimens in
Gensan (Korea, No. 13728).
3. NEMACHEILUS BARBATULUS TONI (Dybowski.)
Cobitis toni DyBowsk1, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XIX, 1869, p. 957, pl.
xvi, fig. 10 (system of Amur; Onon, Ingoda); Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell.
Wien, XXIV, 1874, p. 892 (system of Baikal; Angara, Selenga, Kossogol L. ).
? Nemachilus compressirostris WArpAcHowsk1, Ann. Mus. Zool. Pétersb., 11, 1897,
p- 270 (a lake in N. W. Mongolia, basin of Ob).
Nemachilus pechiliensis Fowuer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (1899) 1900, p. 181
(Liao-ho).
Nemachilus toni Bera, Ann. Mus. Zool. Petersb., V, 1900, p. 362, pl. vin, fig. 10
(Baikal; basin of Selenga).
Orthrias oreas JORNAN and FowueEr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XVI, 1903, p. 769,
fig. 2 (Japan; Chitose in Iburi, Hokkaido). |
Nemacheilus barbatulus toni Brre, Tray. Section Troitkoz-Kiakhta Soe. Russ.
Geogr., VIII, No. 3, (1905) 1906 p. 66 (Kossogol Lake, Baikal Lake, basin
of Amur, Sakhalin).
The loach from East Asia differs very slightly from the common
LN. barbatulus from Europe and W, Siberia, as is proved in my above-
mentioned Russian paper, where measurements may be found. The
genus Orthrias Jordan and Fowler differs from Nemacheilus van Has-
selt only in having the caudal fin truncate instead of forked. This
character is scarcely of generic value, as in some central Asiatic
Nemacheilus the caudal fin in young specimens is emarginated, while
in adult ones it becomes truncate. We have specimens from the
Khanka Lake (No. 8485), Argun River (No. 3205), and mouth of
Amur (No. 13828), also numerous specimens from the Baikal Lake,
Kossogol Lake, Ob River.
4. COBITIS TAENIA Linnezus.
There are no differences between the specimens from the Amur
River and C. tenia from Europe and Japan. C. sinensis Sauvage,
judging from one specimen from Pung-tung (Korea), seems to be a
distinct subspecies, C. tenda sinensis, differing from typical tenza by
its lateral blotches, being very high, narrow, and extending far below
the lateral line.
C. tenia is widely distributed through the Amur basin. We have
specimens from Argun River, Albasin, Khingham, Khanka Lake,
Ussuri River, mouth of Amur.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XXXiIll
Wi My, aT
Y
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G
4 wii}, @
F Eu
Uy
Cine
Pulo Rupat
©, Wy
%,
Tapanuli Bay\@&", OP GF
: Y, i\ Salat Rupat
<~) Singapore
Kateman River
p
HT) Indragiri River
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__ “tr, oy”
“ite Z My ZB
A
a,
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yw
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S
Sie ——
==
Se ee
==,
————— Ratufa palliata
ll 0 STIS i
ee Ratufa hypoleuca : :
are ba
HHI a Ratufa catemana =
ee eee Ratufa arusinus
Map OF SUMATRA SHOWING PROVISIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF GIANT SQUIRRELS.
REMARKS ON THE GIANT SQUIRRELS OF SUMATRA,
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES.
By Marcus Warp Lyov, Jr.,
Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals, U. S. National Museum.
The U.S. National Museum has in its collections 49 specimens of
giant squirrels, genus Ratufa, from various parts of the island of
Sumatra, all but two of which have been collected and presented by
Dr. W. L. Abbott. I have also had at my disposal three specimens of
Sumatran Ratufa belonging to the collection of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. To Mr. Witmer Stone of that
institution my thanks are due for the use of them.
The giant squirrels on Sumatra fall into two distinct groups, repre-
sentatives of which are found side by side in the same localities.
Members of the palliata or bicolor group are known by their larger
size, as well as by their dark heads, necks, shoulders, rumps, legs, and
feet. Only one form of this group is at present known to occur on
Sumatra. The hypoleuca group, so called from the first species
described from Sumatra, contains smaller members than the other
group, with white or buffy underparts, and with uniformly light
brownish upper parts. Three well-marked forms of this group are
found on Sumatra —typical hypoleuca on the west coast, and two new
species on the east coast. (See map, Plate X XXIII.) All the forms
of Sumatra giant squirrels may be readily known by the following
key and descriptions:
SYNOPSIS AND KEY TO THE GIANT SQUIRRELS OF SUMATRA.
A. Upper surface of head, neck, shoulders, arms, legs, and feet black or blackish
brown, different in color from the sides and rest of upper parts.
Ratufa palliata, p. 440.
A’. Entire upper parts and sides uniform light yellowish brown, sometimes becoming
darker along the middle line of the lower back.
B. Underparts white or whitish, feet concolor with legs, size large; head and body,
340 to 370 mm.; tail, 400 to 435; hind foot with claws, 79 to 84; greatest length
is Sam GUAT ONO in aecs ete Per ee cee ee oa Ratufa hypoleuca, p. 441.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXXII—No. 1534.
439
440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
B’. Underparts buff to ochraceous buff, feet not concolor with legs, but in general a
dark blackish brown, often lined with some ochraceous buff hairs; size large;
head and body, 335 to 355 mm.; tail, 390 to 445; hind foot with claws, 81 to 84;
exreatest length on skill IGA to\oieeeeeeeeeeee ee eee eens Ratufa arusinus, p. 442.
B’. Underparts buffy, feet concolor with legs, size small; head and body, 310 to 330
mm.; tail, 370 to 390; hind foot with claws, 73 to 78; greatest length of skull,
GONtO GS. 5 Naas Dace oe eee ane ne ee eee .-Ratufa catemana, p. 443.
RATUFA PALLIATA Miller.
1902. Ratufa palliata MititER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., March ,1902, p. 147;
issued June 11, 1902.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull, Cat. No. 113162 U.S.N.M., col-
lected along the Indragiri River, southeastern Sumatra, September 23,
1901, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 1327.
Diagnostic characters.—Very similar to Ratufa bicolor from Java,
but hind foot apparently larger; upper parts without the light speck-
ling usually seen in R&. bicolor, and tail never appearing clear buff,
but an indefinite mixture of dark brownish and buffy, often appearing
annulated. The light yellowish brown mantle mentioned in the
original description as characteristic, while often present is not found
to be a constant feature in all the examples of this species that have
been collected by Doctor Abbott since the original account of the
species appeared.
Color.—Upper surface of head and neck, shoulders and rump, and
outer surface of fore and hind legs and fore and hind feet, blackish or
dark brown; color of back between shoulders and rump, variable;
in the type and some other specimens, dark cream-buff, becoming
clay-color in the middle line, while in other individuals the middle
line of the back has the general effect of Ridgway’s seal brown, gener-
ally blending with the cream-buff color of the sides. Sides of head
and neck, shoulders, and sides of body, as well as inner side of foreleg
and a spot just above wrist, cream color, or cream-buff, and, except on
the sides, contrasting with the black of the head, neck, etc. Under-
parts and inner side of hind legs generally cream-buff, but the dark
bases of the hairs show to a considerable extent. Hairs of the tail,
blackish-brown, lighter at the base, with a broad (6 mm.) subterminal
cream or cream-buff ring and an inconspicuous brownish apex. The
two colors of the tail are about equally prominent, and usually so
arranged as to give the-tail a somewhat annulated appearance.
A very young individual, Cat. No. 114547 U.S.N.M., from Tapanuli
Bay, evidently in its first pelage, long and soft, deviates somewhat
from the color pattern just described. The mantle is well devel-
oped, varying between a light clay color and ochraceous buff;
the black of the head, neck, rump, and thigh is largely replaced by a
color between hazel and chestnut; this color extends on the base of
the tail, above, and is again indicated at the tip of the tail; the middle
No. 1534. GIANT SQUIRRELS OF SUMATRA—-LYON. 44]
portion of the tail is distinctly annulated. Cat. No. 141052,
U.S.N.M., a nearly adult male from Tarussan Bay, is in general
similar to Cat. No. 114597, U.S.N.M., but the mantle is darker and
the reddish brown less conspicous. Eight of the specimens have the
light colored mantle well-marked, while in the remaining 13 it is
practically absent. In certain skins, the mantle seems to be the result
of a bleaching of the hairs as the pelage becomes old, but its presence
in the two immature individuals shows that it may be found in fresh
pelages. The pelage of the type is also apparently fresh. When the
pelage is old, the hairs of the back, either uniformly or in irregular
patches, assume a dull, dirty russet color; the tail assumes this color
throughout and loses all traces of annulation, the light subapical
bands of the hairs having nearly all worn off, and the tips of the hairs
having a curled and singed appearance.
Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth of Ratufa palliata are large and
heavy, and are as easily distinguished on this account from those of
the hypoleuca group as are the skins. The differences between skulls
of R. palliata and PR. bicolor are shght. The material at hand shows
the Sumatran species to have shorter rostrum, nasals, and audital
bulle, and the zygomatic width somewhat greater.
Measurements.—See page 445.
Specumens examined.—Twenty-two; 9 from Aru Bay, 2 from Salat
Rupat, 1 from the Indragiri River, 6 from Tarussan Bay, 1 from
Tapanuli Bay, 1 from Gunong Sugi, and 2 simply marked ‘‘Sumatra.”
Remarks.—Ratufa palliata is apparently uniformly distributed over
the island of Sumatra. (See map, Plate XXXIJJI.) Specimens from
various localities agree in all essential respects with the type, but it is a
matter of regret that the species is not represented by a good series
from the type locality.
RATUFA HYPOLEUCA (Horsfield.)
1824. Sciurus hypolecos Horsrreip, Zoological Researches in Java (pages not
numbered).
Type.—In the British Museum, collected by Sir Stamford Raffles,
and hence probably from Bencoolen on the west coast of Sumatra.
I have not seen the type of this species, nor specimens from the type
locality. The following description is based on specimens from the
vicinity of Tarussan Bay on the west coast of Sumatra, which agree in
all respects with Horsfield’s description of the species.
Diagnostic characters.—Upper parts uniform light brown, under-
parts white, feet concolor with legs; size large.
Color.—Middle line of back from behind shoulders to base of tail
brown, not identical with any color in Ridgway’s ‘‘ Nomenclature of
Colors,” but nearest a dark Vandyke or Prout’s brown; not con-
trasted with rest of upper parts; top of head and neck from behind
449 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII,
eyes, sides of neck and body, upper part of thighs, and upper part of
forearm a grizzle of russet and dark brown, the former color more con-
spicuous; underparts, inner side of legs, sides of head and region about
nose, inner side of ear and spot on thigh, white or nearly so; lower leg
and arm a rather bright russet, and feet dull russet; tail seen from
above concolor with lower back, seen from below whitish in the mid-
dle line, but at tip and margin same color as it is above. There is a
marked contrast in color between ‘the sides and underparts. Border-
ing the white underparts, the russet of the sides forms a bright and
clear line, with scarcely any admixture of brown. The fringes on the
fore and hind legs are bright clear russet. In worn pelage, the upper
parts become dull wood-brown or clay-color. Similar changes take
place in the tail.
Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth of Ratufa hypoleuca show no
special characters; they are large like those of the form from Aru Bay,
and much smaller than those of R. palliata.
Measurements.—See page 445.
Specumens examined.—Seven from Tarussan Bay and two from
Gunong Sugi.
Remarks.—Ratufa hypoleuca is probably confined to the western
side and highlands of Sumatra, while in the swamp lands of the east
side it isreplaced by a related form, and in the northern portion of the
island still another form of it occurs. (See map, Plate X XXIII.)
RATUFA ARUSINUS, new species.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull, Cat. No. 143351 U.S.N.M.,
collected at Aru Bay, northeast coast of Sumatra, January 16, 1906,
by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 4635.
DMagnostic characters.—Similar to Ratufa hypoleuca, but underparts
dark buff, instead of white; fore and hind feet dark brown, instead of
concolor with legs; and white markings about the head less con-
spicuous.
Color.—Upper parts of head, neck, and body, sides of body, and
outer sides of forelegs a fine grizzle of a color between buff and raw
sienna, and one similar to Prout’s brown, the former color in excess
anteriorly and on the sides, the latter in excess posteriorly in the mid-
dle line. Entire underparts, inner and outer sides of hind legs, inner
side of forelegs, and fringe on outside dark buff or ochraceous buff.
Spot on thigh cream-buff or whitish. Fore and hind feet a very dark
mummy brown, containing here and there a few scattered raw sienna
hairs. Cheeks and small area about the mouth dirty whitish, irregu-
larly lined with some light and dark brownish hairs. The whitened
area on the head is much less extensive than it is in R. hypoleuca and is
not found on the forehead between the eyes. Tail seen from above a.
very dark brown, similar to Ridgway’s seal brown; below, the outer
No. 1534. GIANT SQUIRRELS OF SUMATRA—LYON. 443
margin and tip is the same, followed by an irregular line of the color
of the underparts of body, while centrally it is irregularly cream-buff ;
the short-haired portion in the middle line is a mixture of ochraceous
buff and blackish brown. In worn pelages the brown of the upper
parts of body becomes lighter and duller, and the grizzling is less con-
spicuous; the brown of the tail becomes much lighter.
Skull and teeth—These show no special characters, and it is appar-
ently impossible to distinguish skulls of Ratufa arusinus from skulls
of R. hypoleuca.
Measurements.—Ratufa arusinus closely agrees with R. hypoleuca
in size. See page 445.
Specimens examined.—Thirteen from the vicinity of Aru Bay,
northeastern Sumatra.
Remarks.—While clearly related to Ratufa hypoleuca, R. arusinus
possesses several well-marked characters, such as light upper parts,
dark buff underparts, brown feet, and less white about the head, by
which it may be differentiated from the former. At present it is
known only from the vicinity of Aru Bay. Possibly it may have a
distribution similar to that of Sciwrus vittatus albescens and be found
to occur throughout the northern end of Sumatra.
RATUFA CATEMANA, new species.
1902. Ratufa hypoleuca MiuuER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., March, 1902, p. 149;
issued June 11, 1902. Indragiri River specimens.
Type.—Adult male, skin and skull, Cat. No. 123124, U.S.N.M., col-
lected along the Kateman River, southeastern Sumatra, August 27,
1903, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 2759.
Iagnostic characters —Similar to Ratufa hypoleuca, but much
smaller, upper parts lighter, under parts usually buff instead of white,
and white about head much less conspicuous.
Color—The colors of Ratufa catemana are rather difficult to de-
scribe. The specimens were collected in August and September and
appear to be in old and worn pelage, not comparable with the pelage
of the species described above. Top of head and neck, upper parts
and sides of body, and upper surface of tail have the general effect of
Ridgway’s broccoli or wood brown. Where there is an indication of
fresh pelage, especially along the sides, the color seems to be similar
to that of Ratufa arusinus. The fore and hind feet and outer surfaces
of legs and sides of body bordering the light underparts are tawny,
with a slight amount of dark-brown grizzling on the feet and arms.
The underparts vary from whitish (especially in the Indragiri River
skins) to a dark buff or ochraceous buff. The tail, above, is generally
a dull brown, similar to Ridgway’s wood or broccoli brown. 23! 30”
north latitude, 135° 34’ 00” east longitude, Shio Misaki light, south
coast of Nipon, Japan, bearing N. 75° E., 9.6 miles distant, the station
being No. 4971. The bottom temperature was 38.1” F. (corrected),
the depth 649 fathoms, with a bottom of brown and green mud, with
numerous foraminifera.
PHRYNOCRINUS Clark, new genus.
The characters of this genus are included in the diagnosis of the
type species as follows:
Type of the genus. —Phrynocrinus nudus Clark.
PHRYNOCRINUS NUDUS Clark, new species.
Type.—Cat. No. 22601, U.S.N.M.
The general aspect of the calyx is quite different from that in any
known crinoid. In shape it is somewhat like an acorn, expanding
rapidly from the top of the stem to about the fourth radial, where it
attains a maximum width of 29 mm., gradually becoming narrower
again in the region of the axillaries. Probably in life, however, the
sides of the calyx are parallel or slightly diverging from the fourth
radial upward. The most characteristic feature of the calyx is the
broad naked space between the radials, which is equal in width to
twice the diameter of the radials themselves, and is covered with a
tough, leathery integument, in which as yet I have not succeeded in
making out any interradial plates whatever, although they may occur
deeply embedded in the skin. The radials are small, and are subequal
in size, the largest being the fourth or fifth in each arm, from which
point the size diminishes in each direction; their number is very large,
in one arm 18, including 7 syzygies, so that the total number of indi-
vidual joints is 25. The radials radiate out from the very small basals,
PROCEEDINaS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXXII—No. 1543.
507
5O8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
Bin NORSK
Rs! BSS
Fic. 1—PHRYNOCRINUS NUDUS. A, CALYX AND UPPER STEM JOINTS; B, STEM JOINT, LATERAL VIEW;
C, STEM JOINT, END VIEW; D, ROOT AND LOWER STEM JOINTS, ENLARGED ONE-THIRD.
no. 15432. TWO NEW CRINOIDS FROM NORTH PACIFIC—CLARK. 509
in five narrow lines over the surface of the calyx, widely separated from
each other by the interradial integument, which forms two-thirds of
the superficial area of the calyx, the radials themselves collectively
occupying only about one-third. (See fig. 1.)
The five basals are triangular in shape, 4 mm. long by 2 mm. high,
and are in apposition all around (the lateral angles being slightly
blunted at the point of contact) except in one place, where 2 adja-
cent basals do not quite meet, leaving a gap of about $ mm. They
thus form a ring, interrupted in one place, about the lower part of
the calyx. The lower (dorsal) edges of the basals are somewhat convex,
giving the upper edge of the top stem joint a scalloped appearance.
The five first radials are practically equal in size, 5 mm. wide by 2.5
mm. high, and are produced dorsally into a shallow V where they
enter the interbasal spaces. Each first radial is in close apposition to
those on each side of it along its entire lateral edge, the five therefore
forming a continuous ring about the base of the calyx. The outer
surface of these, as of all the radials, is strongly convex, a cross sec-
tion being practically a semicircle. The succeeding radials all have
practically parallel sides, and are (the radials of the separate rays)
separated from each other by a broad expanse of tough, leathery integ-
ument, equal in width in each interradial area to about twice the width
of the radials as far down as the fifth or fourth radial, then rapidly
converging, forming a V, the apex of which rests on an interradial
suture of the first row of radials. The first and second radials are
5 mm. in width; distally the width increases slightly, reaching a max-
imum of 6 mm. on the fourth or fifth, then gradually decreasing again
to 4mm. onthe sixteenth. The radials number from 12 to 18 (including
the first axillaries), syzygies being distributed as follows: on one arm
the second, fourth, sixth, tenth, twelfth, fifteenth, and nineteenth
(axillary); on another the second, fourth, and twelfth; on another the
second (a double syzygy of 3 components), fourth, sixth, ninth,
eleventh, and fourteenth (axilléry); on another the second, fourth,
sixth, eighth, and eleventh, and on the last (arm broken off before the
first axillary) the second, fourth, and eighth.
The proximal pinnules are 33 mm. in length, or about equal to the
distance from the basals to the first axillary, in the arm having the
maximum number of radials. They are at the base nearly the diameter
of the first brachials (8 mm.), tapering gradually to a point, the num-
ber of joints being about 20. The first pinnule is given off as follows:
on the right side of the sixth radial (the epizygal of a syzygy), on the
right of the sixth radial (not a syzygy), on the left of the fifth radial
(not a syzygy), on the left of the epizygal of the sixth radial, and on
the left of the sixth radial (not a syzygy). The palmar pinnules are
about 6 mm. in length, 1 mm. thick at the base, tapering gradually to
a point, and are composed of about 20 joints,
510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
The arms are all detached from the calyx and badly broken up; as
nearly as I can judge they appear to branch twice, and occasionally
three times. The axials and the second joint after each axial are
usually syzygies; other syzy gies are distributed at intervals of two,
three, or four joints throughout the distichals and palmars. All the
joints in the arms are dorsally and laterally somewhat concave, pro-
ducing a bulging at the articulations, and giving a rough look and
feeling to their dorsal surface.
The highly calcarious, hard, and rigid stem is composed of 106
joints, without any trace of nodes or cirri. Each joint is trapezoidal
when viewed laterally, the base up when viewed in one position, the
base down when viewed in a position at right angles to the first. This
is due to the fact that the faces of each joint are elliptical in shape,
with the axes of the ellipses of the superior and inferior faces at right
angles to each other. The stem is 375 mm. in length, the lowest joint
having for each face a maximum diameter of 8 mm. and a minimum
diameter of 6 mm., with a height of 4.5 mm., the joints becoming
gradually smaller, so that the topmost but one measures—longest
diameter 6 mm., shortest diameter 5 mm., height 2mm. The stem is
quite uniform throughout, the only exception being the thirty-second
joint from the calyx, which has the axes of both faces running in the
same direction instead of at right angles to each other. After the
one hundred and sixth joint, which differs from all the others in having
its inferior face circular, the diameter of the circle equaling the
ereater diameter of the ellipse forming its superior face, the stem
terminates in a solid, heavy, and very hard root, with a fringe of short
radial processes, the whole being firmly attached to a small piece of
pumice. The color in life is dull greenish yellow.
Many other features of this strange form are of great interest, but
would be out of place in a preliminary description. I hope, however,
to be able to publish a detailed account of it later, with a sketch of its
anatomy, and a discussion of its probable affinities. It appears to
represent an entirely new family, which may appropriately be called
‘* Phrynocrinide.’
BATHYCRINUS PACIFICUS Clark, new species.
Type.— cat. No. 22602, U.S.N.M.
It is with great “llenertine that Iam able to add the genus Bathyer-
nus to the fauna of the abyssal Pacific, as the genus has hitherto only
been known from the Atlantic, where, however, it has a very wide
‘ange, from 65° 55’ north latitude to 46° 46’ south latitude, through
more than 110° of latitude. The discovery of a species in the Pacific
gives this genus the most extensive range of all the genera of recent
stalked crinoids. No specimen of Bathycrinus up to the present time
has been obtained in less than 1,050 fathoms of water; the type
no. 1548. TWO NEW CRINOIDS FROM NORTH PACIFIC—CLARK. O11
of B. pacificus was taken in 905 fathoms, 145 fathoms less than the
previous record.
The individual described was taken on August 31, 1906, at U.S.
Fisheries steamer Albatross station No.
4974. in 33° 18’ 10” north latitude, 135°
40’ 50” east longitude, Shio Misaki light,
south coast of Nipon, Japan, bearing N.
25° KE., 8.7 miles distant, being within a
few miles of the locality where, on the
previous day, the remarkable Phrynocrinus
nudus was secured. The depth was 905
fathoms, the bottom brown and_= green
mud, with numerous foraminifera, and
the bottom temperature 36.6° F. (cor-
rected).
Basals united into a smooth ring, slightly
wider above than below, where it is of the
same diameter as the upper stem joints; on
its upper surface rests the funnel-shaped cup
composed of the united radials, resembling
most nearly that of B. aldrichianus, but
when viewed from the side more regularly
trapezoidal (the short sides of the trapezoid
with no trace of constriction) and when
viewed from below less scalloped and more
rounded, with the sutural lines less depressed.
The radial cup is slightly Jess in height than
the second radial, but slightly more than the
third (axillary). In L. aldrichianus and B.
campbellianus, the nearest related species, it
is slightly less than either. The second and
third radials are trapezoidal in form, widen-
ing from below upward, about as in BZ.
campbellianus,; a low rounded ridge extends
down their median line, bifureating just
before the axillary joint, but is much less
marked than in the other species. The sharp
edges of the axillaries are continued for 3 or
4 joints onto the brachials, after which the rie. 2—Barauyerius pactercus.
brachialssbecomesmore cylindrical in-form —C2OWN AND H0on, THERE TIMES
The two lowest are approximately square, gan
but from the third on they are rather longer than wide. The first
pinnule is usually on the eighth brachial. The arms and pinnules are
essentially as in B. camphellianus. (See tig. 2.)
Proce. N. M. vol. xxxii—07——33
ee
qt ~7
512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
The stem contains about 100 joints, ending in a short unbranched
(possibly broken) root, about 6 mm. above which is a simple lateral
root, and resembles in character that of other members of the genus.
The color in life is very light yellow.
This interesting species will be discussed more fully in a paper now
in course of preparation on the crinoids of the Pacific.
A REVIEW OF THE LIZARD-FISHES OR SYNODONTIDA
OF THE WATERS OF JAPAN.
By Davin Starr JorpDAN and ALBERT CHRISTIAN HERRE,
Of Stanford University.
In this paper is given an account of the Japanese species of the
family of lizard-fishes or Synodontide. It is based on material col-
lected in 1900 by Professors Jordan and Snyder, and series of speci-
mens are in the United States National Museum and in the museum
of Stanford University.
Family SYNODONTIDL.
Body oblong or elongate, little compressed, with cycloid scales,
rarely naked; mouth very wide, the entire margin of upper jaw
formed by the long, slender premaxillaries, closely adherent to which
are the slender maxillaries, the latter mostly rudimentary or obso-
lete, never widened at tip; teeth mostly cardiform on both jaws,
tongue, and palatines; canines rarely present; large teeth usually
depressible; no barbels.
Opercular bones usually thin, but complete; gill membranes sep-
arate, free from isthmus; branchiostegals usually numerous; pseu-
dobranchiz present; gill-rakers tubercular, obsolete, or modified
into teeth; no orbitosphenoid or mesocoracoid; lateral line present;
dorsal fin moderate, of soft rays only, its insertion median; ventrals
rather large, median; pectoral fins small, inserted high; caudal forked,
vertebre numerous, essentially similar; fishes of sandy bottoms in the
warm seas; adipose fin present.
In Japan, these fishes are known as Eso.
KEY TO GENERA.
a. SYNODONTIN”. Teeth simple; gape wide; flesh firm.
b. Teeth on the palatines in a single band on each side.
c. Snout very blunt, shorter than eye; anal fin longer than dorsal.
Trachinocephalus, 1.
ce. Snout rather acute, longer than eye; anal fin much shorter than dorsal.
Synodus, 2.
514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
bb. Teeth on the palatines in two bands on each side; snout rather acute; anal fin
lotoiauere slate Clie 5 soe ac seoccacnsesoncscesceaceouton Saurida, 3.
aa. Harpopvontin.®. Canine teeth of lower jaw barbed; flesh very soft; scales very
thin; long teeth more or less depressible; anal fin moderate.
Har podon, 4.
i. DRACGAMIUNO GE PECANS Gull:
Trachinocephalus Gi, Cat Fish Eastern Coast N. Amer., 1861, p. 53 (myops);
(name only; first defined in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 241).
Goodella Octtpy, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W., XXII, 1897, p. 249 (hypozona=—
young of myops.)
Body elongate, robust, compressed; head large, deep, laterally
compressed, its form much as in the genus Trachinus; snout very
short, blunt; teeth as in Synodus, but more slender, smaller, and
closely set; lower jaw projecting; vent well forward, very slightly
nearer base of caudal than base of ventrals, under tip of last dorsal ray.
This genus is very close to Synodus, from which it differs chiefly in
form of head and body and in the relative development of the fins,
the anal fin especially being longer than the dorsal and provided with
more rays.
A single species known, widely disseminated in the tropical waters
of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.
(rpayivos, trachinus; Ke¢adn, head.)
1. TRACHINOCEPHALUS MYOPS (Forster).
OKIESO (OFF-SHORE ESO).
Salmo myops Forster in Bloch and Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 421 (St.
Helena).
Saurus myops Cuvier, Régne Animal, 2d ed., 1829, p. 268 (after Forster).—
GinrHeR, Cat Fish, V, 1864, p. 398 (Cuba, Jamaica, Japan, Amboyna,
Pinang, Mauritius, Port Jackson).—Day, Fishes of India, p. 503, pl. cxvm,
fig. 5 (Madras).—IsuHixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 22 (Kagoshima, Bonin Is.).
Synodus myops BurEKker, Atlas Ichth., VI, p. 153, 1870-1872, pl. ccrxxvin, fig.
3 (Sumatra, Pinang, Bangka, Bali, Celebes, Batjan, Amboyna, Ceram).
Trachinocephalus myops JoRDAN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 314.—
JorDAN and EverRMANN, Fishes of Hawaiian Islands, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm.,
XXIII, Pt. 1, 1903 (July 29, 1905), p. 62, fig. 13 (Hilo, Honolulu).
Osmerus lemniscatus LAcKPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1803, p. 236 (Martinique;
after Plumier).
Saurus truncatus AGAsstiz, Pisc. Brasil, p. 82, 1829, pl. xiv (Brazil).
Saurus limbatus Eypoux and Soutryrer, Voyage Bonite, Poiss., 1841, p. 199
(Hawaii). ;
Saurus trachinus TeMMINCK and ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1842, p. 231,
pl. cvi, fig. 2 (Nagasaki).
Trachinocephalus trachinus JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIII,
1900, p. 350 (Tokyo); Check List, 1901, p. 57 (Yokohama).
Saurus brevirostris Pory, Memorias, II, 1860, p. 385 (Cuba).
Goodella hypozona OattBy, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 1897, p. 250 (New South
Wales); young form.
No. 1544. JAPANESE LIZARD-FISHES—JORDAN AND HERRE. 515
Habitat—Warm parts of Atlantic and Pacific, on nearly all coasts.
Head 3.5 in length; depth 5; head broad, its width a little less
than half its length; depth of head 1.6 in-its length; snout equals
interorbital space, 1.5 in eye; eye 3 in maxillary; maxillary 1.85 in
head; pectoral 2.25 in head; ventral 1; base of anal 3.67 in body;
length of depressed dorsal 3.75; D. 13; A. 16; P. 12; V. 8; scales
4—55-5.
Body elongate, compressed, deepest just back of head, tapering
eradually backward, with a long tail; head large, compressed later-
ally, deep, the snout blunt and very short; eye small, high, well for-
ward, the adipose eyelid rudimentary; mouth large, oblique; mandi-
ble large, shghtly projecting, the profile forming a convex curve to
below pectoral; lips thin, teeth in upper jaw exposed; teeth in jaws
more or less unequal, in double series; no vomerine teeth; palaiines
with a single series; tongue free in front, with a triangular patch of
depressible teeth and with a single median series extending backward
over the basibranchials; nostrils close together, the anterior with a
ciliated flap; interorbital space deeply concave; gill openings large,
membranes free from isthmus; no gill-rakers, the inner surface of the
branchial arches covered with tooth-like asperities; gill filaments
short; no pseudobranchie; peritoneum silvery.
Scales large, cycloid, 6 rows on cheek; also sevéral on edge of oper-
cle and preopercle; occiput scaly, rest of head bare, with minute
rugosities; a broad scaly flap between ventrals; a scaly flap at outer
axil of ventral; lateral line shghtly decurved at first and then straight
to base of caudal.
Origin of dorsal nearer tip of snout than origin of adipose fin by
width of interorbital space; origin of anal behind tip of depressed
dorsal; anal base long, longer than that of dorsal; caudal deeply
forked; pectoral small, not reaching origin of dorsal; ventrals long,
reaching beyond base of dorsal, inserted a little before tips of pec-
torals.
Color in alcohol, pale yellow with irregular longitudinal gray stripes
(bluish in life), edged with brownish; silvery yellow below; an
oblique black scapular spot; top of head and anterior portion of back
mottled with irregular dark streaks and blotches. Fins uniform light
yellow, the caudal tipped with blackish.
This fish is not uncommon in the waters of southern Japan. We
have examined five specimens from Nagasaki, two from Tokyo, and
one from Wakanoura. It is widely distributed through the warmer
parts of both oceans. .
A comparison of our Japanese specimens, with others from the
Hawaiian Islands, Jamaica, and Brazil, reveals no specific differences.
(nv@ry, nearsighted).
516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
2 SUNG DUIS | Gronovys
Synodus Gronow, Mus. Ichth., II, 1763, no. 151 (Synodus).
Tirus RAFINESQUE, Caratteri, 1810, p. 56 (marmoratus).
Saurus Cuvier, Réegne Animal, Ist ed., 1817, p. 169 (saurus).
Alpismaris Risso, Eur. Merid., III, 1826, p. 458 (risso = young of saurus).
Laurida Swatnson, Class. Animal., II, 1839, p. 287 (mediterranea = saurus).
Body elongate, subterete; head depressed; snout triangular,
rather pointed; interorbital region transversely concave; mouth very
wide; first superior pharyngeal cartilaginous, second toothless, third
and fourth separate, with teeth; lower pharyngeals separate; pre-
maxillaries not protractile, very long and strong, more than half length
of head; maxillaries closely connected with premaxillaries and very
small or obsolete; premaxillaries with one or two series of large, com-
pressed, knife-shaped teeth, the inner and larger depressible; palatine
teeth similar, smaller, in a single broad band; lower jaw with a band
of rather large teeth, the inner and larger ones depressible; a patch
of strong, depressible teeth on tongue in front, a long row along the
hyoid bone; jaws subequal; eye rather large, anterior; supraorbital
forming a projection above the eye; pseudobranchiz well developed;
gill-rakers very small, spine-like; gill-membranes slightly connected;
top of head naked, cheeks and opercles scaled like body; body coy-
ered with small, adherent, cycloid scales; no luminous spots; dorsal
fin short, rather anterior; pectorals moderate, inserted high; ven-
trals anterior, not far behind pectorals, large, the inner rays longer
than the outer; anal short; caudal narrow, forked; vent posterior,
much nearer base of caudal than base of ventrals; branchiostegals 12
to 16; stomach with a long, blind sac and many pyloric ceca; skele-
ton rather firm.
Species numerous; voracious fishes of moderate size, inhabiting
sandy bottoms of most shallow, warm seas.
(ovr, together; odovs, tooth.)
2. SYNODUS JAPONICUS (Houttuyn).
Cobitis japonicaa Hourruyn, Verh. Holl. Maat. Harlem, XX, 1782, p. 450
(Nagasaki). :
a Houttuyn’s description of Cobitis japonica is very incomplete. It must, however,
refer to some species of lizard-fish from Nagasaki. In the number of fin rays the de-
scription agrees with the present species, and not with any other. The following is a
translation of Houttuyn’s account: Head beardless, rather short; mouth with both
jaws full of sharp teeth; body terete and fleshy like that of a snake oreel. D.12; A. 9;
P. 12; V. 8. Length, 5 inches. None of the other Japanese species except Synodus
varius shows such a difference between dorsal and anal.
No. 1544. JAPANESE LIZARD-FISHES—JORDAN AND HERRE. D517
HIRAKUTSUc-ESO (SNAKE-ESO); HIRAKUCHI ESO (WIDE-MOUTH ESO); TORAESO (TIGER
ESO); AKAESO (RED ESO); ISE ESO (ESO OF ISE).
Salmo varius LackpEpE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1803, p. 224, pl. m1, fig. 3 (Ile de
France).
Saurus varius GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., V, 1864, p. 395 (in part).—Isurkawa, Prel.
Cat., 1897, p. 22 (Nagasaki, Riu Kiu Islands).
Synodus varius StTEINDACHNER, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LX X, 1900, p. 513 (Hono-
lulu, Laysan).—Jorpan and Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 56.—JorpAN and
EvERMANN, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm., XXIII for 1903 (July 29, 1905), Pt. 1,
p. 63, pl. m1, fig. 14 (Hilo, Honolulu).
Saurus variegatus Quoy and GaimarD, Voy. Uranie, Poiss., 1824, p. 223, pl.
XLvill, fig. 3 (Maui).
Synodus variegatus SEALE, Occas. Papers Bishop Mus., I, Pt. 4, 1901, p. 63 (Guam).
Synodus synodus BLEEKER, Atlas Syn., p. 154, pl. 1, fig. 5 (Java, ete.) (not Esox
synodus Linneus).
Saurus lucius TEMMINCK and ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 232,
pl. cv1, fig. 1 (Shimabara, near Nagasaki).
Synodus sharpi Fowurr, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1900, p. 497, pl. xrx, fig. 2
(Hawatian Islands).
Habitat.—Western Pacific Ocean and coasts of Asia and India.
Head 3.5 in length; depth 6; width of head 1.67 in its length;
depth of head 1.8 in its length; snout 4.75 in head; maxillary 1.6;
interorbital space 7; eye 1.5 in snout; pectoral 2.75 in head; ventral
about 14;. base of anal 3.5; D. 13; A. 8; P. 13; scales, 5-65-11.
Body elongate, rounded, the back and ventral surface depressed;
head large, elongate, depressed, pointed; eye forward, high, the upper
margin elevated above profile; mouth very large, oblique; maxillary
long, its greatest width anterior to the middle of its length; the mandi-
ble very large and powerful; jaws subequal when mouth is closed, the
mandible shghtly inferior; teeth in jaws in two irregular series, depres-
sible, those in upper jaw more or less visible when mouth is closed;
teeth on vomer and palatines depressible, in a narrow band on each
side of latter; tongue and basi-branchials with a band of depres-
sible teeth, forming a triangular patch of large ones on the vomer;
tongue sharply pointed, free in front; nostrils very close together,
the anterior one with a small fleshy flap; interorbital space concave;
top of head roughened; gill opening large, the narrow membrane free
from isthmus; gill-rakers forming tooth-like asperities on inner sur-
face of branchial arches; gill filaments short, rather coarse, blunt;
pseudobranchiz small, few in number; peritoneum silvery.
Scales large, cycloid; 6 rows on cheek; a series of enlarged scales
along margin of preopercle; occiput and sides of head scaly, the rest
naked; a broad scaly flap between ventrals and a pointed scale at
their outer axil; lateral line nearly straight to base of caudal.
Origin of dorsal midway between tip of snout and origin of adipose
dorsal; last dorsal ray a trifle more than half'the length of longest
@ Hirakutsu, ‘‘ broad-shoe,’’ is the name of a venomous serpent.
518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
ray of fin; origin of adipose dorsal about halfway between tip of
last dorsal ray and base of caudal; anal small, its origin before adi-
pose fin; caudal deeply emarginate with pointed lobes; pectoral
small, not reaching to dorsal; ventrals large, reaching about to end of
base of dorsal.
Color in alcohol, dusky above, sides and belly yellowish, sides of
back with about eight or nine dusky cross bars or pairs of bars, these
often taking the form of quadrate spots with paler center; an oblique
black spot on upper part of opercle; jaws barred; fins, except the pec-
toral, faintly barred. In hfe, in Japan as in Honolulu, some speci-
mens have brick-red markings while others from shallower water are
olive green. The first are called Akaeso (aka meaning red), the others
Ise eso, from the province of Ise. This fish is common throughout
the western Pacific from Hawaii to the coasts of Japan. We have 6
specimens from Wakanoura and 3 from Nagasaki. This species is
closely allied to the rare Atlantic species, Synodus synodus (Linneeus),
with which Doctor Bleeker unites it. Specimens of the Atlantic spe-
cies examined from Bahia have, however, larger scales (58 instead
of 65.) If the Pacific Coast species is really distinct, it must appar-
ently stand as Synodus japonicus.
3. SAURIDA Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Saurida CuVIER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X XII, 1849, p. 499 (tumbil).
Body elongate, subeylindrical; tail tapering; head oblong, depressed ;
snout pointed, rather short; eye moderate; mouth cleft oblique,
very large; premaxillary very long, styliform, tapering; maxillary
thin, long, closely adherent to premaxillary; teeth cardiform, those
of inner series longest, slender, depressible both downward and
inward, present on jaws, tongue, and palatines, on the latter forming
a double band on each side, the inner band shorter than the other;
eill-opening very wide, gill membranes not attached to isthmus;
branchiostegals numerous; dorsal fin nearly in the middle of length
of body, with 13 or fewer rays; adipose fin small; anal short; caudal
forked; pectoral short or of moderate length; ventral 9-raved,
the inner rays not much longer than the outer ones, inserted before
dorsal, not far from the pectoral.
Fishes of the tropical seas of the western Pacific; species not very
numerous.
(cabpos, lizard; &7d0s, resemblance.)
KEY TO SPECIES.
a. Adipose eyelid narrow; scales 54; color nearly plain....-...--.-- argyrophanes, 3.
aa. Adipose eyelid broad; scales 63; color nearly plain:......-....-....---- eso, 4.
No. 1544. JAPANESE LIZARD-FISHES—JORDAN AND HERRE. 519
3. SAURIDA ARGYROPHANES (Richardson).
ESO, MAESO (TRUE ESO) NIREDOESO.
Saurus argyrophanes RicHarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 302 (Canton) (de-
scribed from a drawing).
Saurida argyrophanes GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., V, 1864, p. 400 (Chinese and Japanese
seas).—NaAmtIye, Class. Cat., 1881, p. 106 (Tokyo).—Isuixawa, Prel. Cat.,
1897, p. 22 (Tokyo).—Jorpan and Evermann, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.,
XXV, 1902, p. 329 (Formosa).—JorDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
XXIII, 1900, p. 350 (Tokyo); Check List, p. 56, 1901 (Yokohama).
Aulopus elongatus TemMMincK and ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., p. 233,
1847, pl. cv, fig. 2, (Nagasaki).
Habitat.-—-Coast of Japan and China, southward to the Philippines.
Head 44 to 4} in length without caudal; depth varying with age
from 7 in very large specimens to 9 in the young; greatest width of
head 2 in its length; maxillary 1} in head; interorbital space equal
to snout, 4in head; D.11; A. 10; P. 14; V.9; scales 4-54-6.
Body elongate, subeylindrical, back but little elevated, anteriorly
broad and flattened; head long, depressed, broad; snout broad, blunt,
with a broad shallow depression on top of snout running back of
eyes; a bony protuberance at anterior end of groove, back of tip of
snout; eyes well forward, high, 6 in head; adipose eyelid narrow,
not extending to pupil; anterior nostril concealed by a thin, fleshy
flap.
Mouth large, oblique, the jaws equal; lips narrow, so that teeth
are visible; teeth in several rows, those of inner row much the
largest; palatines armed with rows or bands of small or fine teeth,
those of inner rows much larger than the rest; tongue small, free
anteriorly, covered with bands of fine teeth; branchial arches with
bands of fine teeth, those in throat largest; all teeth depressible
inward. Gill openings very large, the gill membranes free from
isthmus; gill filaments moderately long, rather coarse and blunt;
pseudobranchizw numerous, well developed. Lateral line straight,
keeled, strongly so posteriorly.
Scales large, cycloid, rather deciduous, three rows on cheeks;
opercles and occiput scaled, rest of head naked; caudal scaled nearly
its whole length; a very long, narrow, pointed scale at upper axil, of
pectoral; a similar one at ventral is more than twice as long as the
broad pointed scale at inner angle of ventral and eventually reaches
more than half the length of the ventral fin. Dorsal and anal each
with a basal sheath of long, narrow, pointed scales.
Dorsal short, high, its longest spine 14 in head, decreasing in
height very rapidly, the last spine less than } as long as second (in
one large specimen the second spine is 1! times longer than head);
the distance from tip of snout to origin of dorsal equals distance
from origin of dorsal to posterior margin of depressed adipose dorsal;
520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
the latter fin very small; pectoral comparatively long, reaching to a
point above origin of ventral, or beyond; ventral reaching less than
halfway to vent; anal fin small, the distance from its origin to base
of caudal about equal to length of head; caudal deeply forked.
Color in alcohol, dull brown above lateral line, becoming silvery
yellow below. Pectorals, dorsals, and caudal tipped with blackish;
ventrals and anal uniform yellowish.
Of this species we have examined 7 specimens from Wakanoura,
6 from Nagasaki, 3 from Kobe, 2 from Tokyo, and 1 from Kawa-
tana. It was seen also at Hakata and at Hiroshima. It is generally
common in southern Japan, and is a common food fish in the markets.
Aulopus elongatus Schlegel seems to be this species, the figure show-
ing no adipose eyelid; but the number of scales is too large. Saurus
argyrophanes we place here, as Giinther counts 54 scales and Rich-
ardson does not speak of the adipose eyelid.
(apyuvpoes, silvery; ¢aive, to show.)
4. SAURIDA ESO Jordan and Herre, new species.
ESO, OESO (LARGE ESO).
Saurus badi Cantor, Catalogue of Malayan Fishes, 1850, p. 270 (Sea of Pinang,
Malayan Peninsula, Singapore); (not Sawrus badi Cuvier, an Indian species,
with the ventrals blackish, the scales 55, and the adipose eyelid large.)
Saurida japonica JoRDAN and EvERMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XV, 1902,
p. 329 (comparison with S. argyrophanes) (not Cobitis japonicus of Houttuyn).
Habitat.—South coasts of Japan, south to Malaysia.
Head 4% in length without caudal; depth 72; greatest width of
head 14 in its length; maxillary 14 in head; interorbital space equals
Fig. 1.—SAURIDA ESO.
distance from tip of snout to middle of pupil, a trifle more than 3 in
head; snout 34 in head; D. 11; A. 10; P. 14; V. 9; scales 5-63-7.
Body elongate, subecylindrical, becoming somewhat compressed
and laterally keeled on posterior portion; head depressed, broad;
snout broad, flat, rather blunt; eye placed well forward, 54 in head;
adipose eyelid well developed, broad, extending to or partly cover-
ing pupil; much larger than in Saurida argyrophanes. Anterior
nostril with a well-developed fleshy flap or tube. Top of head with
numerous dendritic muciferous tubules.
NO. 1544. JAPANESE LIZARD-FISHES—JORDAN AND HERRE.
521
Mouth large, slightly oblique, the mandible slightly inferior; teeth
in several rows, those of inner row largest, exposed by the narrow,
thin lip; pterygoids, palatines, tongue, and gill arches with bands of
fine teeth, those of inner row usually largest; all teeth depressible
inward; no teeth on vomer. Gill openings very large, membranes
free from isthmus; gill filaments moderately coarse, blunt; pseudo-
branchiz numerous, large. Lateral line straight, prominent, and
strongly keeled posteriorly.
Scales of medium size, cycloid; four rows on cheeks, opercles scaled ;
one or two scales at center of posterior margin of occiput; remainder
of head naked. Caudal fin scaled; a long, pointed and very thin
scale at axil of pectoral; a long, broad, rounded scale at outer angle
of ventral, less than half the length of fin; at inner angle of fin a large
pointed scale, nearly as long as the outer one; dorsal and anal fins
each with a basal sheath of elongated, pointed scales.
Dorsal fin short, high, the second spine about 1} in head, the last
spine about 4 as long as second; distance from tip of snout to origin
of first dorsal equals distance from the latter to posterior margin of
base of adipose dorsal; pectoral medium, falling considerably short
of a point above origin of ventral, 13 in head; adipose dorsal very
small, inserted above middle of anal; ventrals inserted forward of
first dorsal and extending a trifle beyond its posterior margin; anal
short, its length little more than 4 of head; distance from its origin
to base of caudal approximately equals length of head; caudal
medium, deeply forked.
Color in alcohol, dusky brown above lateral line, some scales with
paler centers; below, more or less abruptly, silvery yellow; pectorals
dorsals, and caudal tipped with blackish; ventrals and anal uniform
yellowish.
Here described from the type, Cat. No. 57847, U.S. Nat. Mus., 134
inches long, from Wakanoura. We have also examined two cotypes
from Kobe and one from Tsuruga, Nos. 20161 and 20162, Stanford
University.
This is the largest species in the group. It differs from Saurida
argyrophanes in the comparative proportions of the pectoral fin, and
of the outer axillary ventral scale, in the greater breath of the head,
and especially in the greater number of scales in the lateral line, the
larger adipose eyelid, and in the absence of the marked occipital
depression.
Saurida tumbil Cuvier has been recorded from Japan by Bleeker,
but doubtless S. eso has been mistaken for it. Sauwrida tumbil of the
East Indies has the adipose eyelid small, the scales 60, and the back
barred with blackish.
(Eso, Japanese name of the species of Synodus and Saurida.)
522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
4, HARPODON Le Swveur:
Harpodon Lx Sunur, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1825, p. 50 (microps=
nehereus) (misprinted Harpadon).
Triurus Swainson, Class. Anim., 1839, II, p. 288 (microcephalus=nehereus).
Sauridichthys BLEEKER, Pisces Java, Nat. Tyd. Ind., XV, 1856, p. 163 (ophiodon=
nehereus).
Body elongate, compressed; snout short; bones of head soft and
partly modified into wide muciferous channels; eyes small. Cleft
of mouth deep; margin of upper jaw formed by the premaxillaries,
which are thin. and tapering; no maxillaries. Teeth cardiform,
recurved, unequal in size, depressible, the largest on the jaws and
more or less barbed. Teeth on premaxillaries, mandible, palatines,
tongue, and hyoid. Branchiostegals from 23 to 25; gill openings
wide; gill membranes free from isthmus.
Dorsal short, near middle of body length; adipose fin small; pec-
torals and ventrals long; caudal three lobed.
Scales thin, deciduous, none on the anterior portion of the body,
no luminous spots. No air bladder; pyloric appendages 16.
Dorsal fin short, of soft rays only; pectorals and ventrals present;
anal moderate or long; caudal forked.
Skeleton rather well ossified; air bladder small or wanting; intes-
tinal canal short; no eggs inclosed in the sacs of the ovary and
extended through an oviduct.
Species few, Asiatic, one of them being the well-known “ Bombay
Duck,’ or Bummaloh, Harpodon nehereus, used when dried as a
condiment. A shore fish of wide distribution, the Japanese species
in deep water.
(apzn, scythe; odovs, tooth.)
5. HARPODON MICROCHIR Ginther.
MIZUTENGU (WATER GOBLIN.)
Harpodon microchir GiintueR, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, p. 487 (off
Tokyo); Report on the Shore Fishes of the Challenger, 1880, p. 71 (Tokyo)
(same specimens).
Habitat—Open sea off Japan.
Head 5} to 5,%; in total length without caudal; depth from 7}
to 84; interorbital space 4 in head; intermaxillary 14; eye small,
about 9 in head. DD. 14; AoW4; Pe 11; V2 9:
Lateral line 58 to 60, extending to extremity of central caudal
lobe. Body slender, elongate, subcylindrical, the posterior portion
somewhat laterally compressed; head broad above, with prominent
bony ridges; a bony tubercle just behind the very short broad snout;
opercular flap prolonged, large, thin, membranaceous; eye well
forward, high, with a narrow adipose lid encircling the orbital space;
No. 1544. JAPANESE LIZARD-FISHES—JORDAN AND HERRE. 523
nostrils close together, the anterior one small, covered by a fleshy
flap; posterior nostril large, open; 2 or 3 minute pores between
anterior nostril and tip of snout; top of head with 2 lateral and 1
median broad muciferous channel; mouth very large; the lower jaw
strongly projecting; lips narrow, exposing the teeth; these arranged
in two or three rows, recurved, depressible inward, straight, arrow-
shaped or with a single barb at posterior margin of the point; teeth
of inner row largest. Bands of unequal, recurved, inwardly depres-
sible teeth also on tongue, inner side of gill arches, and palatines,
the last having two bands. Gill openings very large, membranes
free from isthmus; gill filaments rather short, moderately coarse;
pseudobranchiz small, few in number. Lateral line straight,
formed of elongate, thin, pointed scales; a pore above and below
each scale.
Seales small, cycloid, on posterior portion of body, extending
forward to ventrals on belly, but above the lateral line ceasing at
posterior end of depressed dorsal. Basal portion of adipose dorsal
Fic. 2.—H ARPODON MICROCHIR.
scaled. Remainder of body naked except for a row of minute scales
on either side of lateral line.
Dorsal fin short, moderately high; the third spine highest, from 64
to 7 in total length; distance from tip of snout to origin of first dorsal
equal to, or slightly greater than, distance from the latter point to
posterior margin of depressed adipose dorsal; pectoral small, its
length about 2} in head; adipose dorsal small, inserted over middle
of anal; ventrals inserted just forward of first dorsal and extending
posteriorly beyond insertion of dorsal; anal moderate, its length
variable, in some specimens longer and in others shorter than dorsal;
caudal medium, of three pointed lobes, the central one much the
smallest.
Color, translucent brownish, in spirits, dusky above, becoming
brownish or yellowish laterally; throat, belly, and lower part of head
silvery gray with a pinkish suffusion. Pectorals black; ventrals and
anal whitish or yellow; dorsal and caudal dusky or blackish.
We have examined twelve specimens of this singular and rare fish,
ranging in length from 114 inches to 16 inches. They were taken in
524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXXII.
deep water off the headland of Awa at the entrance to the Bay of
Tokyo.
The species was previously known from a single specimen 27 inches
long obtained by the Challenger expedition at Tokyo. The species
one A g p = P
is regarded as a food fish, although very rare. It differs from Harpo-
don nehereus in the small pectorals.
(uiKp0s, small; yeée hand.)
SUMMARY.
Family SYNODONTID.
1. Trachinocephalus Gill, 1861.
1. myops Forster, 1801; Tokyo, Wakanoura, Nagasaki.
2. Synodus Gronow, 1763.
2. japonicus (Houttuyn), 1782; Wakanoura, Nagasaki.
3. Saurida Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1849.
3. argyrophanes (Richardson) 1846; Tokyo, Kobe, Hiroshima, Wakanoura, Kawa-
tana, Hakata, Nagasaki.
4, eso Jordan and Herre, 1907; Wakanoura, Kobe, Tsuruga.
4. Harpodon Le Sueur, 1825
5. microchir Giinther, 1878, Tokyo.
NEW AND CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES OF FOSSIL MOL
LUSKS FROM THE OIL-BEARING TERTIARY FORMA-
TIONS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
By Ratew ARNOLD,
Paleontologist, U. S. Geological Survey.
INTRODUCTION.
Among the fossils commonly found in or characteristic of certain of
the oil-bearing Tertiary formations of southern California are the
species and varieties mentioned in the following pages. The new
forms are described and figured; those previously described are simply
figured, but a brief note concerning their occurrence is inserted in the
explanation accompanying each drawing. It has been deemed advis-
able to insert figures of the old species in this paper because the descrip-
tions and illustrations of these forms are in publications inaccessible to
most readers, and it is essential for the proper identification of the
faunas that certain of the old species be known. The differentiation
of the various geologic formations in the southern coast ranges of Cali-
fornia depends almost entirely upon their palentology, so that it has
been the aim of the writer to give in this paper those species and only
those which will aid in the determination of the horizon of the various
faunas found in that region. These fossils, together with some others,
will be figured on Plates XXV to XLI, Bulletin No. 309, U.S. Geo-
logical Survey.
The following new species and varieties are found in the yellow
sandstone of the lower Miocene at the head of Topanga Canyon, 3
miles south of Calabasas, Los Angeles County, California.
LIST OF LOWER MIOCENE FOSSILS FROM TOPANGA CANYON.
Mytilus mathewsonii Gabb var. expansus, new variety.
Cerithium topangensis, new species.
Chlorostoma dalli, new species.
Bathytoma keepi, new species.
Macron merriami, new species.
Ocinebra topangensis, new species.
Purpura edmondi, new species.
Sigaretus perrini, new species.
Turbo topangensis, new species.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXXII—No. 1545.
525
526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII,
Associated with them at this locality are:
Callista (Amiantis) diabloensis Anderson.
Cardium, species (sharp ribs).
Cardium, species (square ribs).
Chione temblorensis Anderson.
Dosinia ponderosa Gray.
Glycymeris, Species (large).
Macoma ct. nasuta Conrad.
Ostrea titan Conrad.
Pecten bowersi Arnold.
Pecten ct. miguelensis Arnold.
Phacoides richthofent Gabb.
Venus pertenuis Gabb.
Agasoma cf. kernianum Cooper.
Bittium, species.
Calliostoma, species.
Cancellaria cf. condoni Anderson.
Cylichna, species.
Drillia, species.
Fusus, species.
Neverita callosa Conrad.
Trochita costellata Conrad.
Trochita cf. inornata Gabb.
Trophon, species.
Turritella ocoyana Conrad.
Turritella variata Conrad.
The following new species and varieties are from the sandstone in
the Pliocene (middle part of the Fernando formation) near the Pacific
Coast Oil Company’s wells in Elsmere Canyon, 23 miles southeast of
Newhall, Los Angeles County, California.
LIST OF LOWER PLIOCENE FOSSILS FROM ELSMERE CANYON.
Cancellaria fernandoensis, new species.
Curdium quadrigenarium Conrad var. fernandoensis, new variety.
Cypraea fernandoensis, new species.
Murex eldridgei, new species.
Pisania fortis Carpenter var. angulata, new variety.
Priene oregonensis Redfield var. angelensis, new variety.
Turritella cooperi Carpenter var. fernand ensis, new variety.
Associated with these are:
Amiantis callosa Conrad.
Arca trilineata Conrad.
Bathytoma et. carpenteriana Gabb.
Callista subdiaphana Carpenter.
Chione, new species (small).
Chrysodomus arnoldi Rivers?
Cryptomya californica Conrad,
Macoma indentata Carpenter.
Macoma, species.
Mactra ef. hemphilli Dall.
Modiolus rectus Conrad.
no. 1545. NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM CALIFORNIA—ARNOLD.
on
be
| I
Monio macroschisma Deshayes.
Mya truncata Linneeus.
Neptunea humerosa Gabb.
Neverita recluziana Petit.
Olivella intorta Carpenter.
Panopea generosa Gould.
Pecten ch. caurinus Gould.
Pecten estrellanus Conrad var. cataline Arnold.
Pecten healeyi Arnold.
Pecten cf. parmeleei Dall.
Phacoides annulatus Reeve.
Tapes tenerrima Carpenter.
Tellina idx Dall.
Tritonium, species.
Trochita filosa Gabb.
Associated with the new forms Vassa hamlini and Priene oregonensis
Redfield var. wngelensis in the bluish-gray clayey shale of the lower
Pliocene (middle Fernando formation) in the Third Street tunnel, Los
Angeles, are the following:
LIST OF LOWER PLIOCENE FOSSILS FROM THIRD STREET TUNNEL.
Arca multicostata Sowerby.
Astarte, species.
Carditoid.
Tima hamlini Dall.
Macoma, species undetermined.
Ostrea veatchii Gabb.
Pecten ashleyi Arnold.
Pecten latiauritus Conrad.
Pecten opuntia Dall.
Pecten pedroanus Trask (abundant).
Pecten stearnsti Dall.
Buccinum, species undetermined.
Fissuridea murina Carpenter.
Neverita recluziana Petit.
Pleurotoma, species undertermined, coral, bird bones.
The brachiopod, 7erebratalia occidentalis Dall is associated with the
following fauna, the equivalent of that of the San Diego formation, in
the coarse sandstone and gravel immediately above the unconformity
between the lower Pliocene (middle Fernando formation) and the
Miocene shale near the mouth of Temescal Canyon, one-half mile north
of Port Angeles, Los Angeles County:
LIST OF LOWER PLIOCENE FOSSILS FROM TEMESCAL CANYON,
Terebratalia smithi Arnold.
Pecten ashleyi Arnold.
Pecten hastatus Sowerby.
Pecten healeyi Arnold (abundant).
Pecten stearnsii Dall.
Opalia varicostata Stearns.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07 3k
528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXL.
NEW MIOCENE SPECIES AND VARIETIES.
OSTREA ELDRIDGE, new species.
Plate XLII, figs. 2 and 2a.
Description.—Shell about 150 mm. in length, inequivalve, the left
very convex, the right flat or slightly concave. Left valve with
incurved umbo; a prominent, falcate, evenly convex ridge extends
from near the umbo to the margin of the left valve posteriorly; sur-
face of this valve and ridge foliaceous and more or less inclined to be
fluted. Left valve approximately flat, with foliaceous surface.
Dimensions.—Longitude, 147 mm.; latitude, 87 mm.; diameter (dis-
tance through both valves), 82 mm.
Notes.—This species is distinguished from the other Tertiary oysters
of the California Tertiary by the prominent posterior ridge and
incurved umbo of the left valve. The species has the external appear-
ance of a Gryphxa. Named in honor of the late Mr. George Homans
Eldridge, of the U. 8. Geological Survey. The type was associated
with Zurritella ineziana Conrad at the Grimes Canyon locality.
Type.—Cat. No. 164966, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Elkins ranch, east of Grimes Canyon, near Fillmore,
Ventura County, California. (G. H. Eldridge.)
florizon.—Lower Miocene, supposed equivalent of the Vaqueros
formation.
MYTILUS MATHEWSONII Gabb var. EXPANSUS, new variety.
Plate XLIII, fig. 2.
Description.—Shell wedge-shaped, rounded behind, curved; poste-
rior margin curved, semiangular in middle, anterior margin more
nearly straight; beaks terminal, blunt; surface sculptured by irregular
concentric lines and ridges of growth and by fine radiating strive.
Dimensions.—Longitude, 105 mm.; latitude, 50 mm.; diameter of
both valves, 60 mm.
Notes.—This variety differs from the typical form in being some-
what smaller, relatively broader, and with straighter anterior margins.
The fine radial striation is also said to be lacking in the typical form.
It is associated at the type locality with Scutella fairbanski Merriam,
Ostrea near titan Conrad, and Pecten sespeensis var. hydet Arnold.
Type.—Cat. No. 164968, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Near Torrey Canyon oil wells, southwest of Piru, Ven-
tura County, California. (G. H. Eldridge.)
Florizon.—Lower Miocene, supposed equivalent of the Vaqueros
formation.
no. 1545. NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM CALIFORNIA—ARNOLD. 599
PLEUROTOMA (BATHYTOMA) KEEPI, new species.
Plate XLVI, fig. 5.
Description.—Shell large for the genus Plewrotoma, fusiform; spire
about as long as aperture; whorls six, angulated below the middle,
sloping concavely above and about the same below. Surface orna-
mented by a rim of nodes (ten on the body whorl in the type) on the
angle of the whorl and by numerous revolving raised lines or ribs.
Aperture narrow, narrowing rapidly from top toward bottom; inner
lip straight, outer lip reflecting angulation of whorls.
Longitude (restored), 60 mm.; latitude, 80 mm.
Notes.—This species is closely allied to and is doubtless the precur-
sor of P. tryoniana Gabb. It was first thought that the Miocene
forms were the same species as the living, but a careful comparison of
specimens shows 7. /eep/ to be much more abbreviated and with a rela-
tively more angulated body whorl than P. tryoniana. The nodes also
are somewhat sharper and are more prominently developed on the
body whorl in the former. Named in honor of Prof. Josiah Keep, of
Mills College, California.
Type.—Cat. No. 164993, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Head of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of Calabasas,
Los Angeles County, California. ‘G. W. Edmond and Ralph Arnold. )
Tlorizon.—Lower Miocene.
Dimensions.
MACRON MERRIAMI, new species.
Plate X.LI, figs. 4 and 4a.
Description.—Shell small, ovate, solid; spire elevated; apex acute;
whorls five, evenly convex, nearly smooth, except for a prominent
furrow which passes around the body whorl one-third the way up from
its base; between this prominent furrow and the umbilicus are three
other less prominent grooves. Suture narrow but canal-like; aperture
narrow and elliptical. Columella slightly callous posteriorly; anterior
portion producedand flexed; posterior part of lip bent. Canal a mere
notch. Umbilicus subperforate.
Dimensions.—Longitude, 23 mm.; latitude, 13 mm.; body whorl,
19 mm.; aperture, 16 mm.; deflection, about 70°.
Notes.—This characteristic little species is closely allied to and prob-
ably is the precursor of J/. felletty7 A. Adams. It differs from the
latter, however, in being relatively narrower, having a narrower
shoulder at the suture and in having one more groove in the basal por-
tion of the body whorl. Named in honor of Prof. John C. Merriam,
of the University of California, Berkeley.
Type.—Cat. No. 164982, U.S.N.M.
Locality.— Head of Topanga Canyon 3 miles south of Calabasas, Los
Angeles County, California. (G. W. Edmond and Ralph Arnold.)
FHovrizon.—Lower Miocene.
530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
OCINEBRA TOPANGENSIS, new species.
Plate XLIII, fig. 4.
Description.—Shell large for one of this genus, fusiform; spire ele-
rated, subacute; whorls five, strongly angulated above, giving a tab-
ulate appearance to upper portion; whorls crossed by six or seven
frills, some of which flex forward and rise to prominent points on the
angle; anterior portion of whorls ornamented by about 12 rough, raised
spiral lines, the alternate ones being relatively more promiment than
those adjacent; posterior portion with six orseven similar lines; suture
deeply appressed, undulating, distinct. Aperture subelliptical; inner
lip shghtly enameled; columella twisted, squamose, only slightly
widened; umbilicus subperforate; canal of medium length, narrow.
Dimensions.—Altitude, 59 mim.; latitude, 30 mm.; body whorl, 46
mm.; aperture, 39 mm.
Notes.—The largest member of this genus known from the West
Coast. Somewhat similar to 0. deept Arnold but much larger, with
less prominently developed frills and much finer spiral sculpture.
Named for the type locality, Topanga Canyon.
Type.—Cat. No. 164995, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Head of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of Calabasas,
Los Angeles County, California. (G.W. Edmond and Ralph Arnold.)
Horizon.—Lower Miocene.
PUPURA EDMONDI, new species.
Plate XL, figs. 3 and 3a.
Description.—Shell fusiform, moderately thick; spire elevated; apex
subacute; whorls four or five, angulated, the body whorl particu-
larly so; nine or ten prominent nodes on the angle, each node grad-
ually fading out above and below the angle; spiral sculpture consists
of more or less obsolete ridges, of which there are about fourteen on
the body whorl below the angle and three or four above it; suture
appressed, distinct, somewhat wavy, the surface of the shell being cor-
rugated near it. Aperture pyriform; outer lip slightly effuse, den-
ticulated with seven or eight quite sharp and prominent teeth. Inner
lip smooth. Umbilicus subperforate. Canal short, curved backward.
Dimensions. —Longitude, 19 mm.; latitude, 12.5 mm.; body whorl,
16.5 mm.; aperture, including canal, 14 mm.
Notes.—Unlike any other Purpura on the coast. Resembles Cuma
hiplicata Gabb, but with angle higher up on whorl; umbilical region
also more simple than in latter species. Named in honor of Prof.
Geo. W. Edmond, of Santa Monica, California, who first discovered
this species.
Type.—Cat. No. 164983, U.S.N.M.
no. 1545. NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM CALIFORNIA—ARNOLD. bol
Locality.—Head of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of Calabasas,
Los Angeles County, California. (G.W. Edmond and Ralph Arnold.)
Torizon.—Lower Miocene.
CERITHIUM TOPANGENSIS, new species.
Plate XL, figs. 7 and 8.
Description.—Shell turreted; apex acute; whorls nine or ten,
slightly convex, with a faint suggestion of a shoulder at the posterior
margin. Whorls ornamented by a varying number of spiral and
longitudinal ridges of which there are eight of the former and twenty-
one of the latter on the penultimate whorl of the type; the relative
prominence of the two sets of ridges varies somewhat, but they are
normally of about equal importance. Suture impressed; distinct.
Aperture subquadrate; outer lip effuse, broadly rounded below and
slightly produced in a columellar beak; inner lip straight above this
beak.
Dimensions.—Longitude, 23.5 mm.; latitude, 7.5 mm.; body whorl,
10.5 mm.; aperture, 7 mm.
Notes.—Quite unlike any other West Coast Cerithium, being closest,
possibly, to C. gemmata Hinds, from which it differs by having more
numerous and more delicate longitudinal ridges and very much less
pronounced nodose sculpture below the suture. Namedafter the type
locality, Topanga Canyon.
Type.—Cat. No. 164976, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Head of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of Calabasas,
Los Angeles County, California. (G.W. Edmond and Ralph Arnold. )
Tlorizon.—Lower Miocene.
TURBO TOPANGENSIS, new species.
Plate XLI, figs. 6, 6a, and 6).
Description.—Shell turbinated, solid; whorls somewhat convex and
prominently tuberculated, one row of about nine sharp tubercles
surmounting the whorl just below the suture, another band of less
prominent ones in the middle of the whorl, and the base of the whorl
ornamented by another spiral row, the tubercles of which are almost
as prominent as the top row; in addition to this there is a secondary
sculpture consisting of numerous faint ridges crossing the whorls
diagonally from the base posteriorly toward the suture. Base
ornamented by three prominent spiral ridges, the outer one tuber-
culated. Suture impressed, distinct. Aperture round, slightly pro-
duced and somewhat flaring in front.
Dimensions.— Altitude, 10.5 mm.; latitude, 18 mm.
Notes.—A unique species, somewhat resembling Zurbo squamigera
Reeve, but differing from the latter in having less tabulated and
angulated whorls, a simpler sculpture of tubercles, and in haying a
ay) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
secondary transverse sculpture. Named after the type locality,
Topanga Canyon.
Type.—Cat. No. 164980, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Head of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of Calabasas,
Los Angeles County, California. (G. W. Edmond and Ralph Arnold.)
/lorizon.—Lower Miocene.
TURRITELLA INEZIANA, Conrad var. SESPEENSIS, new variety.
Plate LI, fig. 6.
Description.—Shell turreted, with slender, tapering spire; number
of whorls variable, eight or more; whorls slightly concave, with one
very prominent revolving ridge at base, and two equal but less promi-
nent ones above. There is also evidence in the type (a rather poorly
preserved specimen) of minor spiral lines or riblets, especially one at
the base of the major ridge; suture deeply impressed.
Dimensions.—Of broken and slightly distorted type; longitude,
34 mm.; latitude, 10 mm.
Notes.—This form is distinguishable from the typical 7. ¢neziana
(7. hoftmanni of most West Coast authors) by its small size and much
more prominently developed spiral ridges. It is abundant but poorly
preserved at the type locality. May possibly be of specific value, but
if so is allied to 7. ‘neziana. It is associated at the type locality with
Modiolus sp., Ostrea cf. idriensis Gabb, and Pecten sespeensis Arnold.
Named after the type locality, Sespe oil district, Ventura County,
California.
Type.—Cat. No. 164970, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—TYar Creek, north of Fillmore, Ventura County, Cali-
fornia. (G. H. Eldridge.)
Horizon. —Vaqueros formation (lower Miocene).
SIGARETUS PERRINI, new species.
Plate XLI, fig. 5.
Description.—Shell very much elongated for one of this genus;
whorls, three or four (type decollete), slightly convex; apex subacute;
whorls ornamented with numerous rough revolving lines, each alter-
nate one being considerably more prominent than those adjacent;
suture prominent, impressed; aperature pyriform, narrow posteriorly ;
lower portion of columellar lip slightly flaring.
Dimensions.—Altitude (restored), 21 mm.; latitude, 9.5 mm.; body
whorl, 18.5 mm.; aperture, 14 mm.
Notes. —This unique species is entirely unlike anything else in the
West Coast fauna, so far as known. It is certainly very much elon-
gated for this genus. Named in honor of Prof. James Perrin Smith,
of Leland Stanford Junior University, California.
Type.—Cat. No. 164979, U.S.N.M.
no. 1545. NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM CALIFORNIA—ARNOLD. 5338
Locality.—Head of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of Calabasas,
Los Angeles County, California. (G. W. Edmond and Ralph Arnold.)
FHorizon.—Lower Miocene.
CHLOROSTOMA (OMPHALIUS) DALLI, new species.
Plate XL, figs. 4, 4a and 4b.
Description.—Shell conoidal; spire somewhat elevated; apex obtuse;
whorls four, slightly convex, angulated just above the suture; portion
of whorl above angle crossed by (in the type twelve) transverse ridges
or waves running obliquely backward from the angle and appressing
against the antecedent whorls. Revolving ridge on angle, and, also on
body whorl, on a second equally prominent angle, at the base of the
whorl. Whole surface of shell, including base, ornamented by fine
revolving lines (in the type there are four of these between the two |
angles on the body whorl). Five equivalent narrow revolving fur-
rows also ornament the top of the body whorl. Suture distinct.
Umbilicus ceep and more or less effuse. Aperture circular; columel-
lar lip slightly twisted around umbilicus. Outer lip unknown.
Dimensions.—Altitude, 10 mm.; latitude, 12.5 mm.
Notes.—This species differs from Chlorostoma aureotinctum Forbes,
to which it is allied, by the lack of the prominent furrows in the base
and the presence of the revolving furrows in the top of the whorl.
C. dalli is a variable form, no two specimens being exactly similar.
It grades into the two varieties next described. Named in honor of
Dr. William Healy Dall, of the United States Geological Survey.
Type.—Cat. No. 164984, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Head of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of Calabasas,
Los Angeles County, California. (G. W. Edmond and Ralph Arnold.)
Lorizon.—Lower Miocene.
CHLOROSTOMA (OMPHALIUS) DALLI var. INORNATUS, new variety.
Plate XL, fig. 5.
Description.—Similar to C. dalli except that the transverse waves
are obsolete and the revolving furrows on top of the whorls are more
numerous and less prominent.
Dimensions.—Altitude, 10 mm.; latitude, 15 mm.
Notes.—The type of this variety is flatter than the typical form, but
this is due to crushing.
Type.—Cat. No. 164986, U.S.N.M.
Locality.— Head of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of Calabasas,
Los Angeles County, California. (G.W. Edmond and Ralph Arnold.)
LHorizon.—Lower Miocene.
534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
CHLOROSTOMA (OMPHALIUS) DALLI var. SUBNODOSUS, new variety.
Plate XL, figs. 6 and 6a.
Description.—Similar to C. dalli except that the transverse waves
are less pronounced and the spiral sculpture is somewhat coarser. A
more or less prominent ridge revolves about the umbilicus.
Dimensions.— Altitude, 10 mm.; latitude, 13.5 mm.
Type.—Cat. No. 164985, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Head of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of Calabasas,
Los Angeles County, California.
FHlorizon.—Lower Miocene.
PLIOCENE SPECIES AND VARIETIES.
TEREBRATALIA OCCIDENTALIS Dall.
Plate XLIX, figs. 6, 7, 7a, 8, 8a, 9, and 9a.
Terebratalia occidentalis Dau, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., IV, 1871, p. 182, pl. 1, fig. 7.
Description.—Shell from subcireular to subelliptical in outline,
rather thin; pedicle (lower) valve with mesial flexure concave; on each
side of this are usually two prominent ridges, and beyond these still a
second pair; surface of valve sometimes nearly smooth, but more
often with radiating ridges of varying prominence; lines of growth
usually discernible, some being quite prominent; brachial (upper)
valve strongly medially convex, with one and sometimes two ridges
on either side; secondary sculpture similar to that of lower valve.
Beak with a concave or flattened area on each side of the deltidium.
Shell broader proportionately in the younger stages of growth.
Dimensions.-—-Longitude, 27 mm.; latitude, 29 mm.
Notes.—This variable species passes through the same mutations as
T. transversa Sowerby, from which it differs by having the mesial
flexure of the pedicle valve concave and of the brachial valve convex
instead of vice versa as in 7) transversa. Very abundant at Temescal
Canyon locality; also found recent on the Pacific coast of North
America.
Figured specimens.—Cat. No. 164996, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Near the mouth of Temescal Canyon, 3 miles north of
Santa Monica, Los Angeles County, California. (Ralph Arnold and
J.J. Rivers).
LHorizon.—Recent and lower Pliocene, probably equivalent of mid-
dle Fernando formation.
wo. 1545. NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM CALIFORNIA—ARNOLD. 5385
CARDIUM QUADRIGENARIUM Conrad var. FERNANDOENSIS,
new variety.
Plate XLVIII, figs. 2 and 2a.
Description.—Shell smaller than the typical form, oval, ventricose:
umbones central, prominent, turned only shghtly anteriorily; surface
sculptured with about thirty-six prominent, subangular radiating
ridges roughened over the anterior and posterior portions of the
shell by prominent pointed tubercles on the posterior angle; those
ridges near the posterior margin are less prominent, but are nodose
for nearly their whole length.
Dimensions.—Altitude, 55 mm.; longitude, 58 mm.; diameter (both
valves), 88 mm.
Notes.—This variety is more oblique, has narrower umbones, is
relatively less in diameter, and has fewer and less prominently spinose
ribs than the typical form. The typical form has over forty ribs,
while var. fernandoensis has but thirty-six. Named after the Fer-
nando formation of which it is supposed to be characteristic.
Type.—Cat. No. 164947, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Elsmere Canyon, near Pacific Coast Oil Company’s well,
25 miles southeast of Newhall, Los Angeles County, California.
(Ralph Arnold.)
Tlorizon.— Middle Fernando formation (lower Pliocene).
CANCELLARIA FERNANDOENSIS, new species.
Plate L, fig. 4.
Description.—Shell about 20 to 24 mm. in altitude; broadly fusi-
form; spire elevated; whorls four or five, sharply angulated at about
two-thirds height of whorl; flat or slightly convex both above and
below the angle; whorls crossed by numerous (18 on body whorl)
broad longitudinal varices which extend from suture to suture, being
fainter above than below; surface also ornamented by equal equidis-
tant raised spiral lines, about three or four below the angle, two or
three above. Suture appressed, distinct. Lower portion of type
broken.
Dimensions.—Altitude (restored), about 20 mm.; latitude, 13 mm.
Notes.—TYhis species is closely ailied to the tropical species C. can-
dida Sowerby, but is distinguishable by its broader form, much
broader varices, and more evenly spaced spiral lines. Named for the
Fernando formation, of which it is supposed to be characteristic.
Type.—Cat. No. 164956, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Elsmere Canyon, near Pacitic Coast Oil Company’s wells,
2+ miles southeast of Newhall, Los Angeles County, California.
(Ralph Arnold.)
florizon.—Middle Fernando formation (lower Pliocene).
536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
PISANIA FORTIS Carpenter var. ANGULATA, new variety.
Plate L, figs. 6 and 7.
Description.—Shell fusiform, short; spire elevated; apex subacute
to subangular, whorls angular, about three-fourths of the whorl being
below the angle; body whorl below the angle quite uniformly convex.
The surface sculpture varies considerably in individual specimens; in
the type the sculpture of the body whorl consists of ten equal sub-
equidistant rounded subrugose spiral ridges, each interspace being
ornamented by one less prominent but slightly more rugose revolving
line on each side of which still finer lines may often be distinguished;
above the angle are five revolving lines, less prominent than those on
the lower part of the whorl, but alternating in relative size in the same
manner as the latter. The penultimate and earlier whorls have about
eleven longitudinal waves or low ribs which become most prominent
on the angle of the whorls, forming more or less prominent nodes.
A prominent sutural riblet is developed on the posterior portion of
the whorl. Suture wavy, appressed, distinct. Aperture pyriform;
outer lip unknown but probably denticulate. Umbilicus subperforate.
Dimensions.— Longitude (restored), about 55 mm.; latitude, 29 mm. ;
body whorl, 43 mm.; aperture, 30 mm.; deflection, about 62°.
Notes.—This variety differs from the typical Pisania fortis Car-
penter, in being broader and in having prominently angulated whor's.
The revolving lines in the former are also usually weaker than in the
typical form.
Type.—Cat. No. 164959, U.S.N.M.
Locality. —Elsmere Canyon, near Union Oil Company’s wells, 2
miles southeast of Newhall, Los Angeles County, California. (Ralph
Arnold.)
Horizon.—Middle Fernando formation (lower Pliocene). [Known
only from the type locality where several specimens were found.
PRIENE OREGONENSIS Redfield var. ANGELENSIS, new variety.
Plate L, fig. 11.
Description.—Shell averaging between 80 mm. and 100 mm. in
length, fusiform; spire elevated; apex blunt; whorls eight to ten, con-
vex; sculpture of whorls consists of about twenty-four low and rather
narrow longitudinal ridges and about seven less prominent, inequidis-
tant spiral ridges, the whole giving the surface a somewhat subdued
‘ancellated appearance; the spiral ridges are augmented by numerous
fine spiral strie; suture deeply impressed, somewhat wavy; faint dis-
continuous, rounded varices in some specimens; aperture subovate;
outer lip not thickened; canal long, narrow, recurved.
no. 1545. NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM CALIFORNIA—A RNOLD. Ho
Dimensions.—Oft imperfect and distorted type; longitude, 71 mm.;
latitude, 40 mm.; body whorl, 54 mm.
Notes.—This variety differs from the typical form by its longer, less
recurved canal and much less pronounced sculpture. Named after the
city of Los Angeles, the type locality.
Type.—Cat. No. 164975, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Third Street tunnel, Los Angeles, California. (Homer
Hamlin.)
Fovrizon.—Lower Pliocene, prebably equivalent of middle Fernando
formation.
MUREX ELDRIDGEI, new species.
Plate L, fig. 12.
Description.—Shell broadly fusiform; spire elevated; apex sub-
acute; whorls four, exceedingly convex and ornamented by six prom-
inent convex varices, which cross the whorl diagonally sloping forward
up from the base of the whorl to the suture, and each being appressed
against the analogous varix of the antecedent whorl in such a way as
to give the connected varices a left-handed spiral arrangement, sloping
backward down and across the whorls; varices extend full length of
body whorl. Surface of whorls and varices ornamented with two or
three (six on body whorl) raised lines, between which are finer, more
or less beaded raised lines. Suture between the varices deeply im-
pressed, forming pits. Aperture pyriform, narrowing into short,
straight canal below; lips smooth.
Dimensions.—Altitude, 24 mm.; latitude, 15 mm.:; body whorl, 20
mm.; aperture, 15 mm. .
Notes.—This species is closely allied to Murex tncisus Broderip, but
is distinguishable from the latter by its broader form, narrow col-
umella, and simple varices which do not have posteriorly reflexed
serrate varices over the sutural pits. Named in honor of the late
George Homans Eldridge, of the United States Geological Survey.
Type.—Cat. No. 164955, U.S.N.M.
Locality. —Klsmere Canyon, near Union Oil Company’s wells, 23
miles southeast of Newhall, Los Angeles County, California. (Ralph
Arnold. )
florizon.— Middle Fernando formation (lower Pliocene).
NASSA HAMLINI, new species.
Plate L, fig. 9.
Description.—Shell about 15 mm. in length, bluntly conical; spire
elevated; apex blunt; whorls five or six, quite convex and crossed by
several (on the body whorl 12) rather sharp narrow ridges between
which are wide interspaces; spiral sculpture consists of four equal,
538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
subequidistant raised lines, of much less prominence than the longi-
tudinal ridges. Suture appressed, distinct, and only slightly wavy.
Aperture ovate; outer lip thickened; columellar lip incrusted. Colu-
mella slightly twisted, faintly spirally sculptured, and with groove
next to body whorl. Canal short.
Dimensions. Longitude, 15 mm.; latitude, 9 mm.
Notes.—This species is unlike any other West Coast form, being
characterized by its blunt apical whorls, convex whorls, deep suture
and sharp narrow longitudinal ridges. The type has a glossy surface.
Named in honor of Mr. Homer Hamlin, city engineer of Los Angeles,
California, to whom we are indebted for preserving the valuable
paleontological material taken out of the Third Street tunnel, Los
Angeles.
Type.—Cat. No. 164946, U.S.N.M.
Locality.—Third Street tunnel, Los Angeles, California. (Homer
Hamlin.)
Florizon.—Lower Pliocene, probably middle Fernando formation.
CYPRAA FERNANDOENSIS, new species.
Plate L, figs. 8 and 8@.
Description.— Shell about 40 mm. in length, pyriform, ventricose,
convolute; spire concealed; surface covered with brown enamel, some
of which is retained; aperture long and narrow, with a canal at each
end, the anterior canal being the longer; outer lip inflected and
crenulated with about seventeen teeth; inner lip similarly crenulated.
Dimensions.—Longitude, 40 mm.; latitude, 24 mm.
Notes.—This species, which is doubtless the precursor of C. spadicea
Gray, is relatively broader, has a relatively broader and less protruding
anterior portion to the outer lip, has a relatively broader and more
nearly straight aperture, fewer teeth, and has these teeth, especially
those on the anterior portion of the inner lip, more evenly spaced,
than in (. spadicea. Named for the Fernando formation, of which
it is supposed to be characteristic.
Type.—Cat. No. 164961, U.S.N.M.
Locality. —Elsmere Canyon, near the Pacific Coast Oil Company’s
wells, 24 miles southeast of Newhall, Los Angeles County, California.
(Ralph Arnold.)
FHorizon.—Middle Fernando formation (Lower Pliocene).
TURRITELLA COOPERI Carpenter var. FERNANDOENSIS new variety.
Plate LI, fig, 13.
Description.—Shell strong, acute-conic, when perfect probably of
twelve or more whorls; early whorls unknown; later whorls angu-
lated both above and below near the suture; surface between the
no. 1545. NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM CALIFORNIA—ARNOLD. 539
angles flat or slightly concave and ornamented by four (including those
at the angles) prominent spiral ridges; both above the upper angle
and below the lower one is a similar ridge; suture quite deeply im-
pressed; base practically flat, faintly spirally sculptured; aperture
subquadrate.
Dimensions. —Of the type, an imperfect specimen, altitude, 31 mm. ;
latitude, 12 mm.; altitude of body whorl, 13 mm.
Notes.—The spiral ribs in this variety are all of about equal prom-
inence while in the typical Pleistocene forms the rib on each angle is
much more prominent than those between, the latter being little more
than raised lines; the surface of the whorl between the angles is also
less concave and the general shape of the shell less slender in var. fer-
nandoensis than in typical cooper/.
Type.—Cat. No. 164957, U.S. N. M.
Locality.—Elsmere Canyon, near the Pacific Coast Oil Company’s
wells, 24 miles southeast of Newhall, Los Angeles County, California.
(Ralph Arnold.)
Horizon.—Middle Fernando formation (Lower Pliocene).
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
All figures are natural size unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise indicated
all specimens figured are from California.
Puate XXX VIIT.
Fig. 1. Venericardia planicosta Lamarck. Cat. No. 164973, U.S.N.M. Left valve;
longitude, 84mm. Eocene, Little Falls, Washington. This isthe most wide-
spread and characteristic Eocene species in the world. Found in the Sespe
and Silver Thread districts, Ventura County.
la. View of anterior end of both valves of same.
1b. View from above of both valves of same.
2. Cardium cooperii Gabb. Cat. No. 164998, U.S.N.M.
PLATE XLIX.
g. 1. Ostrea veatchii Gabb. Cat. No. 153827, U.S.N.M. Exterior of valve; altitude
90 mm. Lower Pliocene, San Diego. An abundant and characteristic
species in many of the Pliocene localities from southern California to Cerros
Island, off Lower California.
Callista ( Amiantis) callosa Conrad. Cat. No. 164953, U.S.N.M. Imperfect left
valve; altitude 50 mm. Lower Pliocene (Fernando formation), Elsmere
Canyon, near Newhall, Los Angeles County. Base evenly rounded in per-
fect specimens. Common from Pliocene to Recent.
3. Callista subdiaphana Carpenter. Cat. No. 164951, U.S.N.M. Imperfect right
valve; longitude 41 mm. Same locality as fig. 2. Abundant in the Plio-
cene and also found in the Recent.
4. Terebratalia smithi Arnold. Cat. No. 164977, U.S.N.M. Pedicle valve; longi-
tude 42 mm. Pliocene, Temescal Canyon, 3 miles north of Santa Monica,
Los Angeles County. Known only from the Pliocene. A somewhat vari-
able species.
4a. View of brachial valve of same specimen.
5. Terebratalia smithi Arnold. Cat. No. 164977, U.S.N.M. Pedicle valve; longi-
tude 29 mm. Same locality as fig.4. More prominent ribbing than speci-
men shown in fig. 4.
5a. View of brachial valve of same specimen.
6. Terebratala occidentalis Dall. Cat. No. 164996, U.S.N.M. Brachial valve; lon-
gitude 40 mm. Same locality as fig. 4. This species is most variable, as is
evidenced by this and the following figures, which show a series collected
at one locality. Found in the lower Pliocene (and possibly upper Miocene).
bo
no. 1545. NEHW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM CALIFORNIA—ARNOLD. 545
Fig. 7. Same species and locality as fig. 6. Pedicle valve; longitude 29 mm.
7a. View of brachial valve of same specimen.
8. Same species and locality as fig. 6. Pedicle valve; longitude 22 mm.
8a. View of brachial valve of same specimen.
9. Same species and locality as fig. 6. Pedicle valve of a less rugose variety;
longitude 21 mm.
9a. View of brachial valve of same specimen.
PLATE LL.
Fig. 1. Mya truncata Linneeus. Cat. No. 164950, U.S.N.M. Left valve; longitude 46
‘\ mm. Pliocene (Fernando formation), Elsmere Canyon, near Newhall, Los
Angeles County. Found also in the Recent fauna of the Arctic regions.
2. Trochita filosa Gabb. Cat. No. 164949, U.S.N.M. Slightly imperfect speci-
men viewed from above; maximum diameter 20 mm.; twice natural size.
Same locality as fig. 1. Also found in the upper Miocene.
2a. Same specimen. View from the side.
3. Fissuridea murina Carpenter. Cat. No. 164945, U.S.N.M. Specimen viewed
from above; longitude 14.5 mm.; twice natural size. Lower Pliocene, Third
street tunnel, Los Angeles. Also found in the Pleistocene and Recent
fauna of the coast.
3a. Same specimen; view from the side.
4, Cancellaria fernandoensis, new species. Cat. No. 164956, U.S.N.M. Holo-
type. Back view of imperfect specimen; altitude 17 mm.; twice natural
size. Same locality as fig. 1. A similar or identical form was found in the
Pliocene of the San Diego well.
5. Tritonium sp. Cat. No. 164954, U.S.N.M. Back view of imperfect speci-
men; altitude 20 mm.; twice natural size. Same locality as fig. 1.
6. Pisania fortis Carpenter var. angulata, new variety. Cat. No. 164959, U.S.N.M.
Paratype. Aperture view of imperfect young; altitude 30 mm. Same
locality as fig. 1. A rather common species in the Pleistocene and Plio-
cene of central and southern California.
7. Pisania fortis Carpenter var. angulata, new variety. Cat. No. 164958, U.S.N.M.
Holotype Aperture view of imperfect adult; altitude 49 mm. Same
locality as fig. 1.
8. Cyprea fernandoensis, new species. Cat. No. 164961, U.S.N.M. Holotype.
View from back; longitude 40 mm. So far known only from same locality
as fig. 1.
8«. Aperture view of same specimen.
9. Nassa hamlini, new species. Cat. No. 164946, U.S.N.M. Holotype. Aperture
view of imperfect specimen; longitude 15 mm. Same locality as fig. 3.
10. Chrysodomus cf. arnoldi Rivers. Cat. No. 164962 U.S.N.M. Back view of
imperfect specimen. Same locality as fig. 1. Known also from the Pleis-
tocene of San Pedro, Los Angeles County.
ll. Priene oregonensis Redfield var angelensis, new variety. Cat. No. 164975,
U.S.N.M. Holotype. Back view of imperfect and slightly contorted specie
men; longitude 71 mm. Same locality as fig. 3. Common in the lower
Pliocene of the Pacific coast. It is the precursor of the recent Priene ore-
gonensis Redfield. i
-12. Murex eldridgei, new species. Cat. No. 164955, U.S.N.M. Holotype. Back
view; longitude 24 mm.; twice natural size. Known only from the same
locality as fig. 1. Near the Recent MV. incisus Broderip.
13. Pecten (Chlamys) hastutus Sowerby var. strategus Dall. Collection of Delos
Arnold. Left valve; altitude 36 mm. Pliocene, Santa Barbara. Also
found in the Pliocene of southern California.
546
Fig. 14. Peeten (Chlaimys) bellilamellatus Arnold. Collection of Delos Arnold. Holo-
“I
10.
Nal
12.
13:
14.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
type. Right valve; altitude 18 mm. Pliocene, Pacific Beach, San Diego.
Known only from this horizon at this locality.
Puate LI.
Turritella pachecoensis Stanton. Cat. No. 165002, U.S.N.M. Back view of
imperfect specimen; altitude 59 mm. LKocene, Rock Creek, Los Angeles
County. This species is supposed to be characteristic of the Martinez
formation (lower Eocene ).
Turritella uvasana Conrad. Oat. No. 164974, U.S.N.M. Wax cast, back view;
altitude 41 mm. Sespe Canygn, Ventura County. Supposed to be char-
acteristic of the Tejon formation (middle Eocene).
Turritella uvasana Conrad. Cat. No. 165004, U.S.N.M. Back view of imper-
fect specimen; altitude 44mm. Eocene, Rose Canyon, San Diego County.
Turritella ineziana Conrad (-}- T. hoffmanni Gabb). Cat. No. 164964, U.S.N.M.
Lower Miocene, supposed equivalent of the Vaqueros formation, Chaffee
Canyon, southwest of Piru, Ventura County. Supposed to be character-
istic of the lower Miocene; found from San Mateo to San Diego counties.
Turritella neziana Conrad. Cat. No. 164969, U.S.N.M. Back view of imper-
fect specimen; altitude 36 mm. Tar Creek, north of Fillmore, Ventura
County. Common in the Vaqueros formation, but good specimens are hard
to obtain.
Turritella ineziana Conrad var. sespeensis, new variety. Cat. No. 164970,
U.S.N.M. Holotype. Aperture view of imperfect specimen; altitude 34
mm. Same locality as fig. 5.
Turritella ocoyana Conrad. Cat. No. 164990, U.S.N.M. Back view of imper-
fect large specimen; altitude 60 mm. Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of
Calabasas, Los Angeles County. Supposed to be characteristic of the lower —
Miocene. Common in central and southern California.
Same species and locality; altitude 58 mm.
Same species and locality; altitude 32 mm.; upper whorls.
Turritella variata Conrad. Cat. No. 164991, U.S.N.M. Back view of imper-
fect specimen; altitude 34 mm. Same locality as fig. 7. Supposed to be
characteristic of the lower Miocene; so far known only in Fresno County
and south.
Same species and locality; slender variety; altitude 59 mm.
Same species and locality; broad variety; altitude 43 mm.
Turritella cooperi Carpenter (var. ) fernandoensis, new variety. Cat. No. 164957,
U.S.N.M. Type. Aperture view of imperfect specimen; altitude 31 mm.
Lower Pliocene, Fernando formation, Elsmere Canyon, near Newhall, Los
Angeles County. A common form in the lower Pliocene of southern
California.
Turritella cooperi Carpenter. Collection of Delos Arnold. Aperture view of
typical form. Lower Pleistocene, lower San Pedro formation, Deadman
Island, San Pedro, Los Angeles County. Common in the Pliocene and
lower Pleistocene from Ventura County southward.
Turritella jewetti Carpenter. Collection of Delos Arnold. Typical form,
aperature view; altitude 70 mm. Same locality and horizon as fig. 14;
geologic and geographic range also about the same, <
PL. XXXVIII
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXIl
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
EOCENE PELECYPODA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 539.
PL. XXXIX
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
ee
ee
EOCENE PELECYPODA AND GASTEROPODA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 539, 540.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XL
MIOCENE PELECYPODA AND GASTEROPODA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 540, 541.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XLI
MIOCENE PELECYPODA AND GASTEROPODA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 541.
tv
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XLII
MIOCENE ECHINOIDEA AND PELECYPODA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 541, 542.
@&
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XLIII
MIOCENE ECHINOIDEA, PELECYPODA, AND GASTEROPODA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 542.
PL. XLIV
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
MIOCENE PELECYPODA AND GASTEROPODA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 542.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XLV
in
MIOCENE PELECYPODA, GASTEROPODA, AND CRUSTACEA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 543.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XLVI
MIOCENE PELECYPODA AND GASTEROPODA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 543.
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XLVII
PLIOCENE ARCAS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 543,
| ep ae Sirs We ee as re
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XLVIII
PLIOCENE PELECYPODA AND GASTEROPODA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 544.
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. XLIX
PLIOCENE BRACHIOPODA AND PELECYPODA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 544, 545.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. L
PLIOCENE PELECYPODA AND GASTEROPODA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 545, 546.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LI
TERTIARY TURRITELLAS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 546,
ON A PECULIAR FORM OF METAMORPHISM IN SILI-
CEOUS SANDSTONE.
By Grorer P. MERRILL,
Head Curator, Departinent of Geology, U. S. National Museum.
It will be remembered that in 1891 attention was called to a crater-
like depression in unaltered sedimentary rocks some twelve miles
southeast of Canyon Diablo, Arizona, by the finding of a large num-
ber of masses of meteoric iron in the immediate vicinity. Subse-
quently the possible origin of the depression, or crater, was made a
matter of investigation by Mr. G. K. Gilbert, of the U. 5. Geological
Survey, who gave his results in his presidential address before the
Geological Society of Washington, in 1896, under the caption of The
Origin of Hypotheses.
With the question of the origin of the crater the present paper has
little to do. It is sufficient to say that Mr. Gilbert, after discus—
sing various hypotheses, was led to regard that of an origin through
explosive volcanic action as most plausible. This view has recently
been discussed by Messrs. D. M. Barringer and B. C. Tilghman, of
Philadelphia,“ who have undertaken a series of investigations based
on the theory that the depression is due to the impact of a gigantic
meteorite.
Asis well known, the surface rock over a large part of the region is an
arenaceous limestone, known as the Aubrey limestone, which has, ac-
cording to Mr. Barringer, a thickness of some 350 feet. Immediately
underlying this is a light gray sandstone from 450 to 500 feet in thick-
ness. A peculiar and apparently very local form of metamorphism of
this rock is the excuse for the present paper.
The sandstone (Cat. No. 76834 U.S.N.M.) in its original and pre-
vailing type is of a light gray color, distinctly saccharoidal and, in the
walls of the crater, very friable, being in small masses easily disinte
erated in the hands. Under the microscope it is found to be composed
>
«Coon Mountain and its Crater, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., December, 1905.
Issued March 1, 1906.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXXII—No. 1546.
547
548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
of well-rounded quartz granules with an occasional grain of a plagio-
clase feldspar, and a little dust-like material in the interstices, but the
amount of interstitial material of any kind is very small. The general
structure of the stone is shown in fig. 1 of Plate LIL. This type passes
into what may be called the first phase of the metamorphism—an
almost chalky white rock—(Cat. No. 76835 U.S.N.M.), still retaining
the granular character and much of the original structure of the sand-
stone, and crushing readily between the thumb and fingers. Under
the microscope this type shows interesting structural changes which
are only in part brought out by the photomicrograph reproduced in fig.
2 of Plate LIT. A portion of the quartz granules retain their origi-
nal characteristics. A larger portion are crushed and more or less dis-
torted, though retaining their limpidity and high polarization colors.
In many instances two adjacent granules are crushed and fractured at
point of contact as though they had been struck a sharp blow with a
hammer. This crushing has at times been carried so far that the rock
is reduced to a fine sand (Cat. No. 76840 U.S.N.M.), each particle of
which is as sharply angular as though disintegrated by a blast of dyna-
mite (see fig. 4, Plate LII).¢ Of greater significance from the present
standpoint is the presence in the still firm rock of a large number of
granules which are so completely changed as to give rise to-forms at
first glance scarcely recognizable as quartzes at all. A description of
these is given in the discussion of the next phase of the metamorphism.
In this second and very complete phase of metamorphism the origi-
nal granular structure of the sandstone has almost wholly disappeared,
as have also the original lines of bedding (Cat. No. 76837, U.S.N.M).
The rock is chalk-white to cream-yellow in color, quite hard, though
in thin fragments readily broken between the thumb and fingers, and
lacks entirely the arenaceous structure. It resembles the decom-
posed chert quarried at Seneca, Missouri, under the name of tripoli,
more than any other rock that the writer can call to mind, although
on casual inspection it might readily pass for an old siliceous or cal-
careous sinter. This material, Mr. Tilghman writes, occurs spo-
radically throughout the pulverulent material, of which it constitutes
some 2 per cent in bulk and in fragments from the fraction of an
inch to 10 or 12 feet in diameter. In one instance the drill passed
through a mass of it some 50 feet in thickness at a depth of 500 feet
below the surface. In the mass this variety shows an uneven platy
structure extending directly across the original, almost obliterated,
lines of bedding. Under the microscope this phase exhibits certain
features new to the writer, at least, and which are quite at variance
with our ideas of the stable character of quartz sand. The general
structure is shown in fig. 5 of Plate LIL A more highly magnified
foo)
“This is the material referred to as ‘‘Silica’’? by Messrs. Barringer and Tilghman,
and of which there are said to be ‘‘ millions of tons.’’
such would be pronounced to be a holocrystalline rock. It is, in fact,
an ageregate of closely interlocking quartz granules with low and very
uniform. relief, dull colors of polarization, and in the majority of
instances a marked rhombohedral cleavage. So striking is this feature
that at first the true nature of the mineral was not recognized.
Extinctions are often undulatory, indicating a condition of molecular
strain, and the cleavage lines are themselves at times more or less
wavy. The appearance indeed is such as to suggest that the granules
have been subjected to pressure while in a putty like or plastic condi-
tion. With a high power and between crossed Nicols (fig. 3 of Plate
LI) the rock is seen to be not holocrystalline, but to contain compara-
tively small colorless interstitial areas, showing by ordinary light a
fibrous structure, but which are for the most part completely isotropic
between crossed Nicols, and which the chemical analysis suggests may
be opal. From this condition the rock passes rarely through more or
less vesicular to highly pumiceous forms (Cat. Nos. 76839 and 76840),
showing to the unaided eye all the features of an obsidian pumice, but
of a white color. This under the microscope is resolved into a color-
less vesicular glass, more or less muddied through dust-like material
and showing here and there residual particles of unaltered quartz.
The glass does not, however, resemble the glass of a pumice, nor is it
like that obtained by the artificial fusion of quartz in the geophysical
laboratories of the Carnegie Institution. So far as the writer’s obser-
rations go, it more closely resembles fulgurite glass, formed by the
lightning striking in siliceous sand. This form, it is well to note, is
quite rare, the material being first met with in what Mr. Barringer
has designated as shaft No. 2, and at a depth of 130 feet. A few small
pieces were found in digging the open cuts outside of the crater and
but one piece Lying out on the surface.
Chemical tests on (I) the unaltered sandstone; (I1) what may be
called the crystalline variety, the finely laminated stone compared to a
decomposed chert, and (II]) the pumice, gave Mr. Wirt Tassin results
as below:
(ie UnalteredesamdstonG ae - 3222 - sos n6 52 52 ee a ee Se {E103 oo aaa ae: goes
NUmdetews se sao: 71
100. 00
Sir Onn 1h as eae 98. 63
ITE@) rene or ite 0.18
Gli Altercdesamgstouc seem sess soto Pte ee) BeOagen eran eas 0. 10
Non Sasa eee ee 0. 99
100. 20
550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL kk Malang
(SLO pre he eee ee 95. 22
7S 0 ae re 0.59
CELL) (Pumiceoussvarlety24s- 2-552 eens ee ee eee Fe, Yn enna eae nnne 0.19
CaQsi 207 eee 1.99
Tones 4. sees 1. 20
Tossvab 10022 se2 0. 40
99.59
A part of the lime in Analysis III was there as a mechanically
admixed carbonate. The high ignition (0.99) in Il would suggest
that a part of the silica is in the condition of opal, as already noted.
Eliminating the ignition and the free calcium carbonate in III, it is
evident that there is no essential chemical difference in the three
samples. They vary as little as would probably three independent
analyses of any one of the types from slightly different sources.“
As to the exciting cause of thismetamorphism. So far asthe writer
has information, no more satisfactory theory has been advanced than
that of the Messrs. Barringer and Tilghman,? who ascribe it to the
impact and incidental heat of an enormous mass of meteoric iron
which constituted a portion of the well-known Canyon Diablo fall.
Startling as it may seem, the writer, without intending to commit
himself in any way, has to acknowledge that it must at least receive
consideration, for the simple reason that nothing else seemingly worthy
of consideration presentsitself. Thatthere must have been intense heat,
and that, too, only for a brief period, is certainly manifest. The
force of impact of an ordinary meteoric mass, as is well known, is not
great and the depth of penetration but slight. The majority of those
that come to our earth are, however, following it in its orbit about
the sun, and their speed on entering our atmosphere is, so far as
determined, only some 3 to 10 milesa second. If, however, we con-
ceive amass—as from the Leonides—meeting the earth head on, as it
were, it would enter our atmosphere with an initial speed of 45 miles
asecond. If sucha mass were of sufficient size to escape anything
like complete destruction through burning, its force of impact would
be enormous. Whether it could or did produce the effects described
is, perhaps, yet an open question.
“At the time Mr. Gilbert was making his investigations a chemical analysis was
made by W. H. Melville, of the vesicular variety (No. III). This Mr. Gilbert
has placed in my hands. It is as follows: SiO,-89.71; Al,O0,-1.20; FeO-0.34; CaQ-
4.22; MgO0-0.22; K,O-0.15; Na,O-0.24; Co,-3.25; Tgn.—0.74; loss at 100°-0.20. Total,
100.27.
6Coon Mountain and its Crater. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 1905, p. 885.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LIl
MICROSTRUCTURE OF SILICEOQUS SANDSTONE.
FOR EXPLANATION SEE TEXT.
A NEW SPECIES OF CRINOID (PTILOCRINUS PINNATUS)
FROM THE PACIFIC COAST, WITH A NOTE ON BATHY-
# CRINUS.
-By Austin H. CiarK,
Of the United States Bureau of Fisheries.
In working over the stalked crinoids obtained by the United
States Fisheries steamer /bu¢ross in the north Pacific, I find the
following interesting form which has never been described. The
species is represented by twenty-four calyces, most of them with more
or less of the stem attached, fourteen stems and pieces of stems, and
a number of detached arms and pinnules. None of the specimens are
absolutely perfect, but four are nearly so, having lost only a few pin-
nules, and in one or two the distal portion of the arms. These speci-
mens were all obtained at station No. 3342, on September 3, 1890, in
52° 39’ 30” north latitude, 132° 38’ 00’ west longitude, near the coast
of Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte group, in a depth of 1,588 fath-
oms. The bottom was gray ooze and coarse sand, and the bottom
temperature 35.3° F. (corrected). This is remarkable in being the
only stalked crinoid known from the eastern Pacific, with the excep-
tion of the closely related Calamocrinus diomedxe A. Agassiz from the
Galapagos Islands. I was at first inclined to regard this form as a
second species of Cal/amocrinus, but a more careful examination has
convinced me that it should be separated generically; and for it, there-
fore, I propose the generic name of
PTILOCRINUS4@ Clark, new genus.
The characters of the genus are given with those of the type species,
Ptilocrinus pinnatus.
PTILOCRINUS PINNATUS Clark, new species.
Type.—Cat. No. 22603, U.S.N.M.
Basals completely anchylosed into a funnel-shaped cup as in Bathy-
crinus, about four-fifths the height of the primary radials. The height
e
anriror, feather; Kpivor, lily.
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXXII—No. 1547.
552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, XXXII.
of the basal cup is about equal to its width where it joins the radials,
and to twice its diameter at the dorsal pole. (See fig.)
Primary radials closely united, the interradial sutures usually dis-
tinet, but in some cases nearly obsolete; basi-radial sutures usually
rather more distinct than the interbasal. The primary radials are
elongate, the median part of each one raised into a rounded ridge,
giving the calyx a rounded pentagonal aspect when viewed dorsally.
About two-thirds of the center of the superior edge of the primapgr
radials is occupied by the first brachials: but the radials are not
especially incised for their reception
PTILOCRINUS PINNATUS. @, CROWN AND UPPER PART OF STEM. D, MIDDLE OF STEM. C, LOWER PART
OF STEM. 1} NAT. SIZE, SEE ALSO PLATE LIII FOLLOWING PAGE 556,
The arms are five in number, and are unbranched. They consist of
about sixty joints, with pinnules on (in most cases the left of) the third
and all succeeding. The first brachial is usually a syzygy, as are the
fourth and sixth, with another after about ten joints, and two or three
at irregular intervals toward the tip of the arm. The longest pinnules
are between the twentieth and twenty-fifth, these having about thirty
joints. The pinnules decrease gradually in length toward the calyx,
the first having about twenty joints; distally the decrease in length is
rather more rapid, the pinnules at the end of the arms having about
ten joints.
The longest stem is 355 mm. in length, and is composed of 360 joints,
very uniform in size, but becoming somewhat lower toward the calyx,
NO. 1547. A NEW CRINOID FROM THE PACIFIC—CLARK. 55S
and again near the base. The stem is smooth and very slender, all the
joints being practically cylindrical; it tapers gradually from the base
upward, expanding again slightly near the calyx. There appears to
be a rather unusual amount of flexibility in the stem of this species,
especially near the calyx, for in some of the specimens it is so much
arched that the arms point straight down; on removing them from
the aleohol, the stem may be straightened out again without injury.
Interradial plates are present, similar in character to those of Ca/a-
mocrinus diomedx, but much larger in proportion.
Some of the specimens are parasitized by Hudima ptilocrinicola
Bartsch, which in one has resulted in a very considerable distortion
of the calyx. Another has three holes completely perforating the
plates of the calyx, evidently made by this species.
BATHYCRINUS AUSTRALIS Clark, new name.
In 18764 Sir C. Wyville Thomson described a new Lathycrinus
from a single specimen taken by the Challenger at Station No. 106,
August 25, 1873, in 1° 47’ north latitude, 24° 26’ west longitude,
under the name of athyerinus aldrichianus, illustrating his de-
scription with a woodcut of a drawing made on board the Challenger.
Subsequently about a dozen other specimens of PBathycrinus were
obtained by the Challenger, which were referred by Sir Wyville to this
species.
In working up the stalked crinoids of the Challenger collection, Dr.
P. Herbert Carpenter’ found that Sir Wyville had united two species
under the name of B. a/drichianus, not realizing at the time that the
single small specimen obtained near the equator was specifically dis-
tinct from the larger examples secured in the South Temperate Zone.
Now unfortunately Doctor Carpenter in his great work applied Sir
Wyville’s name B. aldrichianus to the specimens obtained in the
South Temperate Zone, being led into error through Sir Wyville’s
later writings, where he limits the name 4. a/drichianus to these same
examples; and he gives the new specific name Bathycrinus campbelli-
anus (Wyville Thomson MSS.) to the single specimen obtained at
station No. 106, the very one which eight years before served as the
type of B. aldrichianus. The woodcut originally used in 1876 to
illustrate 2. aldrichianus was used again in 1878° to illustrate the
same species; but Doctor Carpenter in 1884 used the same woodcut to
represent his 2B. campbellianus. It is clear, then, that the names
B. aldrichianus and B. campbellianus are synonyms, being founded
on the same specimen, and also that the name B. aldrichianus used by
a@Jour. Linn. Soe. London, Zoology, XIII, p. 50, fig. p. 49.
bChallenger Reports, Report on the Crinoidea, vol. xi of Zoology, p. 239.
¢ The Atlantic, Li, p. 85, fig. 23.
554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
Doctor Carpenter for the southern specimens is wholly inadmissible
for them, being based on the specimen referred to (and described) by
him as LB. campbellianus.
I propose, therefore, that the species called by Doctor Carpenter
B. aldrichianus be known as Bathycrinus australis, and that 46° 16’
south latitude, 48° 27’ east longitude, be considered the type-locality.
The species of Bathycrinus, then, are as follows:
Genus BATHYCRINUS Wyville Thomson.
1872. Bathycrinus Wyv1LLE THomson, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., VII, p. 772.
Type.—Bathycrinus gracilis Wyville Thomson.
BATHYCRINUS GRACILIS Wyville Thomson.
1872. Bathycrinus gracilis WyvitLE THomson, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., VII,
p. 772.
Type-locality.—47° 38 north latitude, 12°18’ west longitude; H. M.S.
Porcupine.
BATHYCRINUS CARPENTERII (Danielssen and Koren),
1877. Ilycrinus carpenterii DANIELSSEN and Koren, Nyt Magasin for Natur-
videnskaberne, X XIII, 3die Hefte, p. 45.
Type-locality.—63° 22' north latitude, 1° 20’ east longitude; 65° 55’
north latitude, 7° 20’ east longitude; or 65° 15’ north latitude, 0° 36’
west longitude; Norske Nordhavsexpedition. Z
BATHYCRINUS ALDRICHIANUS Wyville Thomson.
1876. Bathycrinus aldrichianus Wvyvitun THomson, Jour. Linn. Soe., XIII, p.
50, fig. p. 49. (= B. campbellianus of Carpenter. )
Type-locality.—1° 47 north latitude, 24° 26’ west longitude; H. M. 8.
Challenger.
BATHYCRINUS AUSTRALIS A. H. Clark.
Bathycrinus aldrichianus P. H. CARPENTER (not of Wyville Thomson).
Type-locality.—46° 16’ south latitude, 48° 27’ east longitude; H. M.S.
Challenger.
BATHYCRINUS PACIFICUS A. H. Clark.
1907. Bathycrinus pacificus A. H. Cuark, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX XII, p. 510,
fig 2.
Type-locality.—83° 18’ 10" north latitude, 185° 40’ 50” east longi-
tude; U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer A/batross.
A NEW PARASITIC MOLLUSK OF THE GENUS EULIMA.
By Pau Bartscx,
Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, U. S. National Museum.
? a b]
Mr. Austin H. Clark recently called my attention to a Audima found
parasitic upon a deep-sea erinoid (Ptilocrinus pinnatus Clark). The
specimens were dredged by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer
Albatross at Station 3342, in 1,588 fathoms, off British Columbia.
These specimens are remarkable for a number of reasons; they rep-
resent a truly parasitic species, a fact I believe not heretofore noted in
this genus. All three of the individuais found had the proboscis
deeply inserted in the side of the body of the crinoid, and it was neces-
sary to sever it in order to release the shell. Some of the crinoids:
show a number of punctures, probably all made by the /w/ima.
The parasitic habit, the texture, and weak malleations of the surface
recall certain forms of Sty/ifer, but the absence of the mucronate
apex and the presence of the operculum place it in Lu//ma.
EULIMA PTILOCRINICOLA, new species.
Shell elongate-conic, thin, polished, transparent, tinged with bluish-
white (the dried animal showing through the upper whorls as a gran-
ular golden-yellow mass). Whorls eleven, increasing regularly in
size, decidedly rounded, with the surface weakly malleated, having
a few feebly developed varices which appear at irregular intervals
as?narrow opaque vertical bands. Summit of the whorls closely
appressed to the preceding turn, the extreme edge forming a slender
spiral sutural band. Last whorl quite strongly inflated basally.
Periphery and base well rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture
moderately large, suboval; outer lip thin, evenly curved; columella
slender, vertical, slightly reflected; parietal wall covered by a thin
callus. Operculum thin, corneous.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXXII—No. 1548.
Jt
Or
5 56 LEICA NGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
The type, Cat. No. 195373, we. N. M. , Measures: “Leneth 9.5 mm.,
diameter 3.9 mm.
This species differs from all the other West American Hu/imas of
the same size by its rounded whorls and malleated surface.
The three figures on Plate LIII of Pélocrinus pinnatus Clark show
the Hudimas as found, enlarged 14 diameters. The separate figures
of the Hulimas are enlarged about 6 diameters, the largest one being
the type.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII
A New Parisitic MOLLUSK.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 556.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF ORDOVICIAN
FOSSILS FROM CHINA.
By Sruart WELLER,
Of the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
The following new species of Ordovician brachiopods and trilobites
were collected by the members of the Carnegie Institution Expedition
to Eastern Asia in 1903-4. , They are all from the Ki-sin-ling lime:
stone at two localities near Su-kia-pa, in the province of Ssi-ch’uan,
China. Locality 20 C is ina gulch just northeast of Su-kia-pa, while
locality 20 B is at the narrows of the Ta-ning River 14 miles above
the same place. The formation from which the fossils were secured
is a dark, massive limestone 3,500 feet in thickness lying comformably
upon subjacent beds of Cambrian age. The fossils are all from the
uppermost layers of the formation, and in age are approximately
equivalent to the fauna of the Trenton limestone of North America.
The types of the new species here described will be deposited in the
United States National Museum on the completion of the forthcoming
report of the Expedition to be published by the Carnegie Institution,
in which work also illustrations of all the species will appear.
Order BRACHIOPODA.
PLECTORTHIS WILLISI, new species.
Description.—Shell transversely subelliptical in outline, the hinge
line a little shorter than the greatest width, cardinal extremities
slightly rounded. Pedicle valve depressed-convex, slightly com-
pressed toward the cardinal extremities; the beak small, scarcely
incurved, cardinal area a little concave, sloping backward from the
plane of the valve; cardinal margins angular. Brachial valve nearly
as convex as the pedicle, compressed toward the cardinal extremities.
Surface of each valve marked by from-twenty to twenty-five major,
radiating, rounded costee, which, increase in width conspicuously in
passing from the beak to the front margin; in each interspace between
these major coste from one to three smaller ones which do not reach
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. XXXII—No. 1549.
or
oak
558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII,
the beak are intercalated. The more minute surface markings are
destroyed.
The dimensions of a pedicle valve are: Length, 7.5 mm.; width, 12
mm.; height of area, 1 mm.; convexity, 2 mm.
Remarks.—The most notable feature of this shell is the conspicuous
broadening of the major costz in passing from the beak to the front
margin. |
The specific name is in honor of Mr. Bailey Willis, the leader of the
Carnegie Expedition to China.
Formation and Locality.—K\Ki-sin-ling limestone, localities 20 C and
20 B, near Su-kia-pa, province of Ssi-ch’uan.
CLITAMBONITES CHINENSIS, new species.
Description.—Shell broader than long, the hinge line straight, the
ereatest width at the hinge line or a little in front of it, the lateral
and anterior margins describing a regular curve. Pedicle valve
stronely elevated at the beak, the surface sloping from the umbo to
the anterior and antero-lateral margins with a slightly convex curve,
sometimes becoming a little concave as it approaches the anterior
margin, the slope to the cardinal extremities somewhat more abrupt;
cardinal area large, flat, sloping posteriorly from the hinge line in
one specimen at an angle of 102° and in another at an angle of 115° to
the plane of the valve, the cardinal margins sharp; delthyrium rather
narrow, closed with a strongly convex deltidium, foramen terminal,
encroaching upon the umbo; median septum inconspicuous; muscular
impressions indefinite, rather large and flabelliform. Surface of each
valve marked by fine radiating coste, two or three of which occupy
the space of one millimeter.
The dimensions of two pedicle valves are: Length, 15 mm. and 14
mnm.; width, 18.7 mm. and 16.9 mm.; height of cardinal area, 5 mm.
and 5 mm.; greatest width of deltidium, 3 mm. and 2.5 mm. The
dimensions of a brachial valve are: Length, 16.5 mm.; width, 21 mm.;
convexity, 4 mm. é
Remarks.—This species is represented in the collection by only a
small number of specimens, none of which are as well preserved as
might be desired. It differs especially from other members of the
genus in the terminal position of the pedicle opening, the pedicle
apparently having passed through the foramen in a direction con-
tinuous with the surface of the deltidium and not at an angle to it,
as is usually the case. Apparently this position of the pedicle also
modified the position of the spondylium, its surface being nearly
vertical to the inner surface of the valve, in consequence of which the
median septum becomes essentially obsolete.
Formation and locality.—Ki-sin-ling limestone, localities 20 C and
20 B, near Su-kia-pa, province of Ssi-ch’uan.
Fe ee ge, Te eee Ty
No. 1549° NEW ORDOVICIAN FOSSILS—WELLER. 5) 539)
HEMIPRONITES TENUISTRIATA, new species. |
Description.-_Shell wider than long, the valves subequally convex,
the hinge line a little shorter than the greatest width, the cardinal
extremities subangular. Pedicle valve most prominent on the umbo,
the beak rather obtuse, the surface sloping from the umbo laterally
and anteriorly with a gently convex curye; a slight, scarcely noticeable
mesial flattening of the valve occurs toward the front, but no mesial
sinus is present; cardinal area flat, rather large, with a broad deltidium,
the cardinal margins angular. Brachial valve most prominent along
the median line, but with no differentiated median fold, the greatest
convexity at about the mid-length of the valve, the surface slightly
compressed toward the cardinal extremities. Surface of each valve
marked by exceedingly fine striz, which are scarcely visible to the
naked eye, about eight occupying the space of one millimeter.
The dimensions of a pedicle valve are: Length, 16 mm.; width,
approximately 17.5 mm.; convexity, 5 mm.; height of cardinal area,
3mm.; length of hinge line, 15 mm. The dimensions of a brachial
valve are: Length, 17 mm.; width, 22 mm.; convexity, 5 mm.
Remarks.—The specimens of this species in the collection are all too
poorly preserved to allow the determination of its generic position
with entire satisfaction. They have, however, the general form of
European members of the genus //emipronites, and it is believed that
this generic reference is correct, but the nature of the deltidium and
the presence or absence of a foramen can not be certainly determined.
The genus //lemipronites has not been recognized in the American
faunas, and is known especially from the Baltic provinces in Russia.
The species is evidently congeneric with the shell which Martelli has
called Orthisina giraldi” and the two species are closely aliied. The
species here described, however, is somewhat more finely striate, and
it seems to be relatively a somewhat broader shell.
Formation and locality.— isi-sin-ling limestone, locality 20 C, near
Su-kia-pa, province of Ssi-ch’uan.
Order LRiie@ BIA:
AMPYX CHINENSIS, new spécies.
Description.—Cranidium subsemicircular in outline, width 6.8 inm.,
length 3.5mm. Glabella prominent, produced anteriorly somewhat
beyond the frontal margin, subangular along the dorsal median line,
the sides convex and sloping rather abruptly to the dorsal furrows; at
the anterior termination of the glabella is the fractured base of a
slender cylindrical spine whose length can not be determined, lateral
furrows obsolete. Occipital furrow narrow and shallow. Occipital
« Boll. della Soc. Geol. Ital., XX (1901), p. 305,
Proc. N, M. vol. xxxii—07——36
560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
segment very short. The fixed cheeks are broad, convex, and subtri-
angular in outline, marked by post-marginal furrows, which continue
from the extremities of the occipital furrow.
Remarks.—This species is a close ally of A. nasuwtus Dalman, but
it differs from all illustrations of that species in its proportionally
greater width. The thorax and pygidium have not been observed,
the species being founded upon a single nearly perfect cranidium.
Formation and locality.—\i-sin-ling limestone, locality 29 C, near
Si-kia-pa, province of Ssi-ch’uan.
ASAPHUS BLACKWELDERI, new species.
Description. —Cranidium comparatively short and broad with the
axis obsolete, obtusely angular in front, the palpebral lobes large and
prominent, their anterior margins nearly opposite the middle point of
the head; in front of the eyes the lateral margins diverge gradually to
a point nearly halfway to the anterior margin, where they are rather
broadly rounded, and then converge somewhat abruptly to the anterior
extremity; back of the eyes the lateral margins diverge rapidly and
curve backward tothe posterior margin, the width of the cranidium
along its posterior margin being considerably greater than the distance
between the eyes. The occipital furrow and segment faintly devel-
oped. O4' 20" north latitude, 137° 57’ 30” east lon-
gitude, Omai Saki ‘Light bearing north 234° east, 34.5 miles distant.
Tania 624 fathoms; bottom temperature, 38.1° F.; bottom, fine gray
sand and globigerina ooze. October 20, 1906.
Twenty-eight large specimens.
This species was obtained at depths varying from 361 to 712 fathoms
and at temperatures of from 37.5° to 43.4° F., the average depth being
483.6 fathoms and the mean temperature being 40.8° F. The speci-
mens from Station No. 5083 were the largest, measuring: arms, 106
mm.; longest cirri, 50 mm. There is considerable variation in this
species in regard to the extent-of the first brachials beyond the centro-
dorsal. In most of the examples the first brachials are fairly conspicu-
ous, but in one or two they do not show at all, so that the first pinnule
is borne on the lowest visible arm joint. The arms and cirri are long
FOR
No. 1551. ON JAPANESE EUDIOCRINOIDS—CLARK. NEL
and slender, the centro-dorsal comparatively small, giving this species
a remarkably attenuated appearance. The color in life is a dull
purplish brown, the skeleton and cirri nearly white, the dise black.
EUDIOCRINUS JAPONICUS P. H. Carpenter.
There were collected 82 specimens from the following localities:
Station No. 4900.—82° 28’ 50” north latitude, 128° 34’ 40” east longi-
tude, Ose Saki Light bearing north 83° east, 14.5 miles distant.
Depth, 207 fathoms; bottom temperature, 52.9° If.; bottom, fine gray
sand and broken shell. August 10, 1906.
Four small specimens.
Station No. 4903.—32° 31’ 10” north latitude, 128° 33’ 20” east longi-
tude, Ose Saki Light bearing north 22° east, 6 miles distant. Depth,
139 to 107 fathoms; bottom temperature, 52.9° F.; bottom, gray sand
and broken shell. August 10, 1906.
Two medium-sized specimens.
Station No. 4916.—One medium-sized specimen.
Station No. 4919.—Two specimens.
Station No. 4934.—-80° 58’ 30" north latitude, 130° 82’ 00” east longi-
tude, Sata Misaki Light bearing north 775° east, 7 miles distant.
Depth, 152 to 103 fathoms; bottom temperature, 56.0° F.; bottom,
rocky. August 16, 1906.
Thirteen medium-sized specimens.
Station No. 4958.—32° 36’ 20" north latitude, 132° 24’ 30” east longi-
tude, Mizimoko Shima Light bearing north 26° west, 29.3 miles dis-
tant. Depth, 405 fathoms; bottom temperature, 40.1° F.; bottom,
green and brown mud, fine gray sand, and foraminifera. August 23,
1906.
Eleven large specimens.
Station No. 4975.—Two medium-sized specimens.
Station No. 4976.—33° 29’ 50” north latitude, 135° 38’ 30” east longi-
tude, Shio Misaki Light bearing north 59° east, 6.4 miles distant.
Depth, 545 fathoms; bottom temperature, 38.7" F.y bottom, brown
mud and small stones. August 31, 1906.
Three medium-sized specimens.
Station No. 4980.—4° 09’ 00” north latitude, 137° 55’ 00” east
longitude. Depth, 507 fathoms; bottom temperature, 39° F.; bot-
tom, brown mud, fine sand, and foraminifera. September 1, 1906,
Twenty-five medium-sized specimens.
Station No. 5079,.—-34° 15' 00" north latitude, 138° 00/00” east longi-
tude, Omai Saki Light bearing north 29” east, 24 miles distant. Depth,
475 fathoms; bottom temperature, 39.1° F.; bottom, pebbles. Octo-
ber 19, 1906.
Two medium-sized specimens,
572 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Si No. 5082 32 Two medium: sized specimens.
Station No. 6083.—¥ifteen large specimens.
Eudiocrinus japonicus was found at depths of from 103 to 712
fathoms (mean 388 fathoms) with bottom temperatures ranging from
37.5° to 56.0° F., the mean being 43.5° F. The largest specimens
(arm 125 mm., longest cirri 54 mm.) are from station No. 4958, where
E. varians was not found; but examples from station No. 5083 are
nearly as large (arm 100 mm., longest cirri 42 mm.), and were asso-
ciated with large individuals of the other species.
The two species were found associated at the following stations:
Bottom
Station Denthee| |
| pth. tempera-
| number. 7
oe ’ font eel ee
i Fathoms. | °F. |
ASI6 | 1361 ADTs |
4919 | 440 Ais Siem
4975 | 712 peat osietss
5082 662 | Silent
5083 624 38.1
al U td)
EF. varians only was found at—
Seeks Bottom
| Station |
2 1) eDepth: tempera-
| number. aGeeL
Fathoms. ° FP.
} 4906 369-406 | 43.4
| 4911 891 41.9
4912 391 } 41.9
4915 | 427 41.9
4920 440 41.8
E. japonicus only was found at—
ae | Bottom
Station 2 | ites
| : Depth. tempera-
number. as,
EE es eS
Fathoms. SPE:
4900 | 207 | 52,9.
4903 IBGE |) B29)
4934 | 152-103 56. 0
4958 | 405 40.1
4976 | - 545 Ssuiaena|
4980 507 39.0 |
5079 | 475 | 3901
| |
The type of /. varians was obtained in 16> 42’ north latitude, 119° 22’
east longitude, in 1,050 fathoms, and that of /. japonicus in 34> 7
north latitude, 138° 0’ east longitude, in 565 fathoms, the temperature
in the case of the former being 37° and in the case of the latter 38.1°;
while the natural inference would be that 4. varéans was an abyssal
form inhabiting very cold water and /. japonicus a comparatively
shallow-water form, the data here given suggests that in reality both
No, 1551. ON JAPANESE EUDIOCRINOIDS—CLARK. 573
cerned, although it is worthy of note that at the stations with the least
depth and highest temperatures /. japonicus alone was found. Another
interesting fact is that at the stations where both species occurred
together the examples of each were of practicaliy the same size; where
E. varians was large and robust /. japonicus was also large and robust,
and, conversely, where /. varians was small “4. japonicus was also
small, thus suggesting that the same factors influenced the growth of
each in the same degree.
Eudiocrinus japonicus can be distinguished at a glance from /.
varians by its more robust and massive appearance. In color the two
species are practically the same.
EUDIOCRINUS TUBERCULATUS Clark, new species.
In general similar to /. japonicus, but even more robust, with the
junctions of the first eight or ten brachials strongly tubercular. The
tubercle between the first two is in the median line; those on the
following joints lie alternately on either side of the arm.
The greatest difference between this species and /. japonicus is in
the character of the cirri; in 2. tuberculatus they are but 18 mm. in
leneth consisting of about 17 joints, although the specimens are rather
larger than any of my /. japonicus, in the largest of which the cirri
reach 54 mm. in length.
Station No. 3661.—Off Uki Shima, Gulf of Tokyo, 169 fathoms;
bottom temperature, 48° F.; bottom, mud and pebbles. October 13,
1896.
Type.—Cat. No. 22604 U.S.N.M. from this station.
Three specimens.
The following is a list of the known recent species of Hudzocrinus:
HUDIOCGCRINUS BP: oH. Carpenter.
1882. Eudiocrinus P. H. Carpenter, Jour. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), XVI, p. 493
(first mentioned p. 488); new name for Ophiocrinus Semper, preoccupied.
Ophiocrinus indivisus Semper.
Type.
EUDIOCRINUS ATLANTICUS Perrier.
®
1883. Eudiocrinus atlanticus PERRIER, Comptes Rendus, XCVI, p. 726.
Type-locality.—Gulf of Gascony, 896 meters. French steamship
Travailleur.
EUDIOCRINUS GRANULATUS Bell.
1894. Hudiocrinus granulatus Bex, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1894, p. 397, pl. xxrm (first
mentioned p. 396).
Type-locality.—Macclestield Bank, west of Luzon, Philippine Islands;
34-40 fathoms. H. M.S. Hgerza,
ON
~I
ue
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII,
EUDIOCRINUS INDIVISUS (Semper).
1868. Ophiocrinus indivisus Semper, Archiv fir Naturgesch., Jahrg. 34, Bd. 1,
p- 68. =
Type-locality.—Pandanon,: near Bohol, Philippine Islands: 80 fath-
oms. Prof. C. Semper.
EUDIOCRINUS JAPONICUS P. H. Carpenter.
1882. Eudiocrinus japonicus P. H. CARPENTER, Jour. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), XVI,
p. 495; detailed description on p. 499.
Type-locality.—34- 7 north latitude, 188° 0° east longitude
off the south coast of Nipon; 565 fathoms. H. M. 8. Challenger.
EUDIOCRINUS SEMPERI P. H. Carpenter.
1882. Eudiocrinus semper. P. H. Carpenter, Jour. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), XVI,
p. 495; detailed description p. 497.
Type-locality.—34° 8' south latitude, 152° 0’ east longitude, near
Sydney, New South Wales; 950 fathoms (figured specimen). H. M.5.
Challenger.
EUDIOCRINUS TUBERCULATUS A. H. Clark.
Type-locality.—_ Off Uki Shima, Gulf of Tokyo; 169 fathoms.
U.S. 8. Albatross.
EUDIOCRINUS VARIANS P. H. Carpenter.
1882. Eudiocrinus varians P. H. Carpenter, Jour. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) XVI, p.
495; detailed description p. 496; first. mentioned p. 494.
Type-locality.—16° 42' north latitude, 119° 22’ east longitude, off the
west coast of Luzon, Philippine Islands, 1,050 fathoms. H. M. 5.
Challenger.
NOTES ON THE PORCUPINES OF THE MALAY PENINSULA
AND ARCHIPELAGO.
By Marcus Warp Lyov, Jr.,
Assistant Curator, Division Mammals, U. S. National Museum
¢
The following notes are of a preliminary nature only, and are
written with the idea of bringing together in one place a consideration
of the systematic names of the Malayan porcupines and the characters
by which these animals are arranged into natural groups, both of
which considerations are at present scattered through various publi-
cations. The main features brought out in this paper are the division
of the Old World porcupines into two subfamilies; the revival of
Cuvier’s name Acanthion as a genus for the short-tailed Malayan
porcupines; the revival of Linneeus’s name //ystrix brachyura as the
proper specific designation of the short-tailed porcupine of the Malay
Peninsula; the description of a new genus and species of short-tailed
porcupine collected in northern Sumatra by Dr. W. L. Abbott in 1906;
and the description of a new species of Atherurus from Pulo Terutau,
off the west coast of the Malay Peninsula. The presence of two dis-
tinct genera of long-tailed porcupines in the Malayan region caused
considerable confusion in the use of names by the older writers, but
Jentink,” in 1894, clearly pointed out the true status of these groups.
Seba was well acquainted with three of the four genera of Old World
porcupines that have been recognized up to the present time, and it
was largely from his descriptions and plates that Linneeus in the tenth
edition of the Systema Naturae based three names of the Old World
porcupines, which at that time were regarded as so many distinct
species and not as distinct generic types as they have since been con-
sidered.
It is to regretted that more examples of the typical genus /Lystrix
have not been available in the preparation of these notes for deter-
mining the true status of the genus, Acanth/on, which has usually been
@ Notes Leyden Museum, XVI, 1894, p. 205.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXXII—No. 1552.
Proc. N. M. yol. xxxi1i—07——_37 575
576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONALI* MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
considered synonymous with part of //ystriv. However, the material
at hand shows very considerable differences between //ystrix proper
and Acanthion, which will be pointed out further on. With regard
to some of the species in the various genera of Malayan porcupines, I
have not seen a sufficient number of specimens to determine the char-
acters satisfactorily. Where several forms of one group, each form
occupying a definite and isolated geographic area, have been named I
have made use of the names bestowed upon them even if their specific
characters are not clear, believing this plan better than to place them
under one specific name, for material is as lacking to show their iden-
tity as it is to show their distinctness.
The list of works to which reference has been made in preparing
these notes will be found under the synonymy of the different species
or referred to in footnotes. The specimens on which these notes are
based are listed in the table of measurements, page 593. They repre-
sent forty individuals from Malaya, thirty-three skins with skulls, two
odd skulls, and five skeietons. All but three of these specimens were
collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott, and have been presented by him to
the U. S. National Museum.
KEY TO THE GENERA OF MALAYAN PORCUPINES.
a Tail short, less than one-fourth length of head and body; caudal hairs terminating
mostly in hollow capsule-like structures, molars rootless, sacral vertebrze
110) eee ee PI Se mae. s SOG RG EORtG onaee Subfamily Hysrricinz, p. 578
6 Dorsal profile of skull arched, nasals extending back to level of lachrymals, and
contained into dorsal outline two and one-half times.....--- Acanthion, p. 578
bb Dorsal profile of skull nearly straight, nasals extending back to level of anterior
border of infraorbital foramen, contained into dorsal outline three and one-
half timess 2253.3 to ao eos nee eee Oe ee eee Thecurus, p. 582
aa Tail long, one-third to one-half length of head and body, terminating in a tuft of
modified bristles, molars rooted, sacral vertebre three.
Subfamily ATHERURIN”, p. 584
c Each caudal scale subtended by three hairs, terminal bristles alternately
expanded ‘and contracted! 25: sa2. 1. ass esese ce eee eee Atherurus, p. 584
ce Each caudal scale subtended by a single hair, terminal bristles of uniform
width throughout<. ceccscce ee eet cee ee eee eee eee Trichys, p. 588
Tabular view of the principal external and cranial characters of the genera of Old World
porcupines.
Characters.
| Acanthion.
Atherurus.
Trichys
| Hystrix.
| Thecurus.
Tail short, less thanione-fourthshead and" body. -s---- s2ess2- eens eae ceee seen SQA IES ecalls
Tail longer, one-third to one-half head and body ............-.-.-.-.------------ sis tail oaie =| =eatosatl elle
Tail longer, one-half headland! bod yes: sae eeeece eee nee eee eeiae Bae nae esaal abate
Caudal hairs terminating mostly in a hollow, open, capsule-like structure four
to five times longer than:wide:2.2<)-2-+ See scccesen cree ash osteo anerien cece > Gul Bap cab Nyse (th es oats
Caudal hairs terminating mostly in a hollow, open or closed capsule-like struc-
ture three times longer that wide... => see see cence an ee eens eee eeeeee ware | Saas | Oeil ere
Caudal hairs, flattened bristles alternately expanded and contracted ........--- See steel orl hos | poae
Caudal hairs, flattened bristles of uniform width throughout........--...s0e----leeeelee cele eeeleeee x
No. 1552. NOTES ON MALAYAN PORCUPINES—LYON. DG
Tabular view of the principal external and cranial characters of the genera of Old World
porcupines—Continued.
_
Characters. | 3 Ss }§| 8 2
Pei SiS (Sle
A mane or crest of long bristles on nape and upper back ....................---- | Sealeee | sone yseea| cers
Nape and upper back mainly covered with flattened, grooved spines..........--).... le scsceoncctesl loses deo skcheeosnceecleses|occ.soee
Outerbarwotimiraonrbitalitoramen heavy acce-ce- 2 s-22sso secs dues sees eons ee abi es CF ease
Outer bar omniraorbital toramenslender: 2. 2522254022. 52. sono se coe een eee eeeee|ece. SS.\| 3
|
Zygomatic process of maxilla forming only a very slight support for malar ..... | " Tivehys.
with the most different genera at the extremes of the line and the most
closely related next to one another. A break occurs between Thecurus
and Atherurus so that two subfamilies may be recognized. //ystria
and Acanthion are evidently directly and closely related to one
another, and 7hecurus is certainly much closer to them than it is to the
Atherurus- Trichys group. Whether Atherurusand Trichys are directly
related to each other or are only distantly so related through a remote
ancestry is difficult to say. The two subfamilies, Hystricinz and
Atherurine are scarcely of equal rank, the members of the former
being much more homogeneous than those of the latter. Zrichys,#
with its generalized structure is evidently the most primitive of the
Hystricide and at the opposite end stands /ystriz (Plates LIV, LV,
and LVI, fig. 4), the most specialized, with its peculiar much modified
skull and highly developed quills.
“See Cederblom, Zool. Jahrb., XI, 1897-98, p. 513, and Winge, Jordfundne og
nulevende Gnavere, Lagoa Santa, Brasilien, 1887, pp. 128, 129,
NO. 1552.
NOTES ON MALAYAN PORCUPINE:
I— LYON.
598
Table of external and cranial measurements of Malayan porcupines.
| Great-
| Great-
Head | Hing |_ est Zygo-| est
Name. Locality. Number.| Sex andage. | and | Tail. | rth /length | matic length
body. we = of jwidth. of
SE AWiEel cian: nasals,
mm mm. | mm. mm. mim. mim,
Acanthion java- | Java? ........ a22974 | Old..... Seca b670 |b175 |b95 =| 135 68 56.4
nicum. | |
Acanthion bra- | Champang, | ¢124020 | Female, old ..|@725 |4140 112.5 | Alsi) Wee nae atal| seve sterata
chyurum. Tenasserim.
1D.oe Seesouese Trong, Lower | 83521 | Male, adult...)@711 |@114 |e85 | 142.5) 61 58.4
Siam. |
Wosea-eieseeel: Se. SOO secu a ¢ 83519 | Female,adult.|@635 | f64)e92 | 134 66.6 | 58
iD) Oia ee aoe sate ae Glo) sceeneee GAGES || VEOWUYE NE sp sted|leqeodlSaocusllbonesoolt BY 65 58.5
IO) aes Sacaoseeleaeee Glo jee sane ¢ 83520 | Young, male ¢|e480 | e85 |e80 | 110 Soy mcrae
Acanthion longi- | Aru Bay, Su- | ¢ 143431 |..... GUD cssmetitse a615 | @95|e72 | 108 55 | (1.5
caudum. matra.
Thecurussumatr# | ....-d0 ...-.--- cj 143432 | Male, old...-.. a540 |@100 |}@70 | 108 56 29.6
DOr cssssstse- Verein O}arsem cent © 143438 |....- dOmerseeee d495 | d90 70 IOV23B3) ats 31
IO SSeccesesee eee Oleee eee ¢ 143434 |..... (CLOveprerersiiate 4540 |} 110 a@71 105.8 56 29.7
Ostet ces sel|saeit sho \ar anerine ¢ 143435 | Female, old ..|@455 | @90 | d68 99.5 |- 49.1 34.9
iD) Oto cyomee alte Scere Goeesss- € 1434388 |....- ote d525 | a90 a73 1023" bsa2) || 280
Dowers se cesele asses doms nes: € 143439 |..... dota. tes a500 | £30 470 98.6 | 55 | 29.5
DOM ezceseteo|bense GOs paases a 49870 | Male, old ..... b 480 | 0110 | 670 97.6 | 53 31
DOseeee eae salteee se Glover ess= 9 143454 | Male, adult...}@490 | @90 |....--. Osi t/ || yah 30.1
| D0) ses Geese eee Gk) sabaanas ¢ 143430 |....- does a550 |@110 (75 108.6 | 53.2 32
DO eae eae aot GOs shessc ¢ 143436 | Female, adult |@495 |@100 «73 102.6 | 50.6 | 29.6
1D eaa ake eesslBOees Gh geaoaaee c 143437 | Female, |@450 | @95 d62 O37 |p ses 25
young.h |
Atherurus macro- | Trong, Lower WA9498 | Oldieca-<- ee b 480 |b240 670 101.6 | 48.2 28. 2
UrUus. Siam.
WOME eae eee GOrarectcoes c 84433 | Female, old ..| 445 | @229 | e 66 99.2 | 47.7 26. 2
DO oess2 22a bcos GOS aeersictes ¢ 83500 | Female,adult.| @482 | @203 | e 65 98.1] 44.7 27.4
DOR sess sae a|facee dom eaaeee ¢ 84432 | Male, young ’.|@470 |d@231 | e65 91.9 | 43.2 25. 0
Atheruruszygoma-| Pulo Aor.....- € 112432 | Male, old..... d485 | al 65 | e 64 96.5 | 46.4] 24.3
ticus.
DO; Sapereeyaeeeirs| sae GOteseneee: CH ERY |e dogtee ee ad510 | al 40 je 65 99.6 45.3 | 27.8
DO2 eee cies le Sais 2 QO) aobiscant cj 112429 | Female adult.) @520 |@200 | e 67 94.3 1 45.4 25.6
DOV ean acthanes| sees GOR Ssaeess Cala Si eee donates @500 | 1145 | ¢ 66 95.9 45.8 28.6
DOES seas Eee cts COLOR ae ¢ 112434 | Female, old ..|@500 | ¢/ 40 | e 64 93.7 46.2 26.1
WO eceeocesennl anaes Gl) cassncce a49602 | Adult......... | 0480 | 0175 | 665 94.4) 46.1] 26.5
WO eeeas Soscti sees domassee: ¢112430 | Fe male, |4470 | @190 | ¢62 §8.9 41.4} 24.1
young. h | |
DOs cotciscs| sense dO tesa ¢ 112485 | Male, youngk.)m470 |m170 |m63 86.4] 41 21
Atherurus teru- | Pulo Terutau.) cj 123971 | Male, adult...) @440 |d@110 | e62 Oe 4d: Jae 22
taus. |
Trichys lipura...| Mount Sali- c¢ 83940 | Male, nearly | e450 | €175 |....... 83.7 | 43.8 25, 6
kan, Borneo adult
DOR teases act British North Godson TAC Wteeeeee eee b 350 | b 230 | b 65 $3.4 | 44 Pei fea
Borneo.
Trichys macrotis .| Tapanuli Bay,| ¢114489 | Male, old..... 2410 |@180 | e 64 82.7 | 44 26.3
Sumatra.
IDOMeaeessteeclscane GOn e555 ¢114490 | Male, adult.. -| 415 | ad185 | e 62 83.4 44.3 27.4
Doss. os ss[eaeks Glog soe ~--| ¢€114487 | Female, old ..| d@425 | dl 30 | e 64 85 42.4 26
DORreaseeeree|sosen QO see | ¢7 114488 |..... dopseece |a@ 428 | 1225 | e65 82.5 | 43.5 26.5
DO. Sas astseeae|pemes GO Aten. ¢114491 | Female adult.) d@ 422 | @195 | e 60 81.8] 43 25, 2
DOyseseesencice Aru Bay, Su- | ¢143441 |..... GOR eseee|| @415 | ad 200 | e60 78 42.8 22.4
matra.
DOR setessnencleeces. Goistettn ee c 143440 | Female, im- |@420 | @220 | e65 79.7 | 44.2 At
mature.’
aSkeleton.
b Estimated from skeleton.
eSkin and skull.
a Collector’s measurements.
e Measured from
f Tail injured.
g Skull only.
skin,
h Last upper molars just coming into place.
7Second upper molars just coming through alveoli,
Jj Type.
k Last molar not through alveolus.
UTail damaged. The loss of the external tail seems to be of rather common occurrence among the
long-tailed porcupines, and shows of how little practical use that organ is to them.
m Estimated from mounted skin.
594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
" PLATES LIV, LV, anp LVI.
Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of skulls of Old World porcupines. All figures
one-half natural size.
Fig. 1. Thecurus sumatrx. Type, Cat. No. 143482, U.S.N.M., Aru Bay, Sumatra.
Atherurus terutaus. Type, Cat.. No. 123971, U.S.N.M., Pulo Terutau, west
coast Malay Peninsula.
3. Trichys macrotis. Type, Cat. No. 114488, U.S.N.M., Tapanuli Bay, Sumatra.
49348
60048
bo
4. Hystrix cristata. Cat. No. , U.S.N.M., received from National Zoological
Park.
Acanthion brachyurum. Cat. No, 83519, U.S.N.M., Trong, Lower Siam.
On
Pruate LVIL.
Tail bristles and cervical and lumbar vertebrze of Malayan porcupines. Al figures
three-fourths natural size.
HKig. 1. Tail bristle of Acanthion.
2. Tail bristles of Thecurus. ;
3. Tail bristle of Atherurus. -
4. Tail bristle of Trichys.
5. Axis or second cervical vertebra of Trichys.
6. Lumbar vertebra of Trichys.
7. Axis or second cervical vertebra of Atherurus.
8. Lumbar vertebra of Atherurus.
9. Axis or second cervical vertebra of Thecurus.
10. Lumbar vertebra of Thecurus.
11. Axis or second cervical vertebra of Acanthion.
2, Lumbar vertebra of Acanthion.
—
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LIV
SKULLS OF OLD WorLD PorcupPinEs.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 594,
PES EV:
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
“p6G 39d 33S 3Lvid 4O NOILWNV1dxa3 YO4
‘SANIdNOYOY GIYOM GIO 4O sTINXS
2
.»
PES EVI
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
SKULLS OF OLD WORLD PORCUPINES.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 594,
U. S. NATICNAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LVII
TAIL BRISTLES AND VERTEBRA OF MALAYAN PORCUPINES.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 594,
A CATALOGUE: OF THE ACARINA, OR MITES, OF THE
UNITED STATES.
By Natuan Banks,
Custodian, Section of Arachnida, U. S. National Musewm.
INTRODUCTION.
In 1886 Prof. Herbert Osborn and Prof. L. M. Underwood pub-
lished, in the Canadian Entomologist, a preliminary list of the species
of Acarina of North America. It included 99 species in 28 genera.
The species described prior to that time were by various entomolo-
gists, and in only one case, that of Professor Garman, had a single
author done any considerable work in one genus. During the past
twenty years several naturalists have described a large number of new
species. Professor Wolcott, Doctor Koenike, and Miss Marshall, in
the water-mites; Doctor Haller and Professor Tyrrell, in the bird-
mites; Professor Neumann, in the ticks; and myself in various fami-
hes, are chiefly responsible for this increase. At present there are
450 species, grouped in 133 genera, known from the United States;
yet this is probably less than a third of our entire acarid fauna.
So little is known regarding the distribution of the species, most of
which have been described from the Eastern States, that I have not
given localities. In identifying species one must now compare the
specimen with descriptions of all the species, irrespective of locality.
The generic synonyms are given in the index. In the arrangement of
families I have followed the common usage.
It is hoped that by bringing together these references an interest
will be stimulated among others that will result in greater work in
the Acarina, one of the most important groups from either the bio-
logic or economic standpoint.
A synopsis of the genera of the mites and a lst of the literature
down to 1904 will be found in a Treatise on the Acarina or Mites,
published in the Proceedings, U. 8. National Museum, XXVITT,
pages 1-114.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXXII—No. 1553.
595
596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII
wa
ra
Ww hit
vod volill voll ox]
CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA.
Family EUPODIDA.
FRUIeANG, is) WAS
Rhagida THORELL, Gifv. Svenska Akad. F6rh., XXVIII, 1871, p. 700.
. cavicola BANKS, Amer. Nat., 1897, p. 382.
. pallida Banks, Trans, Amer. Wnt. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 222.
LINOPODES.
ay
Linopodes Wocn, Crust. Myr. Arach. Deutsch., fase. 4, 1836.
. antennzpes BAnkKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 221.
- mammouthia Banks, Amer. Nat., 1897, p. 383.
EUPO DES:
Hupodes Kocu, Crust. Myr. Arach, Deutsch., fase. 4, 1836.
. marinus BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XIII, 1896, p. 75.
. variabilis BANKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 221.
NOOO! EVA IE WS:
Notophallus CANESTRINI, Prosp. Acarof. Ital., II, 1886, p. 202.
. dorsalis BANKS, Canad. Entom., 1902, p. 172. ‘
ve EOS:
Tydeus IKocn, Crust. Myr. Arachn. Deutsch., fase. 4, 1836.
. gloveri ASHMEAD, Canad. Entom., 1879, p. 159 (Tyroglyphus).
Family BDELLID.
BD EE EA.
3della LATREILLE, Précis Caract. Ins., 1796, p. 180.
. borealis KRAMER and NEUMAN, Acariden wahrend Vega Exped., 1883, p. 525.
. californica BANKS, Proce. Calif. Acad. Science, (3), III, 1904, p. 366.
. cardinalis BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, X XI, 1894, p. 219.
. frigida BANKs, Insects, etc., Commander Isl., 1899, p. 348.
. marina PAcKARD, First Rept. U. S. Fish Com., 1874, p. 544.—Banks, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc, XXI, 1894, p. 220.
oblonga Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., If, 1821, p. 74—Lr Conte Hdit., II, 1859,
Dp. 19:
. peregrina Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 219.
. robusta BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 220.
fod
. tenella BAnkKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XIII, 1896, p. 75.
. villosa KRAMER and NEUMAN, Acariden wahrend Vega Exped., 1883, p- 525.
CYTA.
Cyta Hrypen, Isis, 1826, p. 612.
. americana BANKS, Canad. Entom., 1902, p. 171 (Ammonia).
No. 1553. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS. SoG
SCLERWS:
Scirus HERMANN, Méni. Apterol., 1804, p. 62.
S. quadripilis Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 220,
EUPALUS.
Hupalus Koen, Crust. Myr. Arachn. Deutsch., fase. 4, 1856.
E. echinatus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 221.
Family CHE YLETID.
Cis0s SOLIS AP US.
Cheyletus LATREILLE, Précis Caract. Ins., 1796, p. 179.
clavispinus BANKS, Canad. Entom., 1902, p. 172.
ferox BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 134.
pyriformis Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 135.
. Seminivorus PAackaArRD, Guide Study Insects, 1869, p. 665,
e200
MYOBIA.
Myobia Werypen, Isis, 1826, p. 613.
M. musculi ScHRANK, Enum. Ins. Austr., 1781, p. 301.—MfeniIn, Journ. de
YAnat. Phys., XIV, 1878, p. 432.
HAR PiREiYN CEH Us:
Harpirhynchus MEGNIN, Journ. de lAnat. Phys., XIV, 1878, p. 429.
H. longipilus Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VIT, 1906, p. 135 (Sareopterus).
ES ORV RG Ads ES.
Psorergates TYRRELL, Proc. Canad. Inst., (3),.1, 1883, p. 342.
P. simplex TYRRELL, Proc. Canad. Inst.; (3), I, 1888, p. 342.—NEUMANN, Revue
Vetérinaire, April, 1893.— CANESTRINI, Prospetto, VI, 1894, p. S09.
musculinus MIcHAEL, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XX, 1889, p. 400 (Gonio-
Merus).
SY RUNGORETEUS:
Syringophilus HELLER, Die Schmarotzer * * * den Menschen (Leipzig),
1880, p. 186.
S. bipectinatus HELLER, Die Schmarotzer, 1880, p. 186.—BERLESE, Acari Italiani,
fase. XXX VII, No. 9, 1885, p. 10.
villosa Hancock, Amer. Nat., 1895, p. 382 (Picobia).
598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
Family ERYTHRAIDA.
ERY TARAS;
Brythraus LATREILLE, Gen. Crust. Ins., 1, 1806, p. 146.
E. mamillatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 70.—Leconre, Edit., 11, 1859,
DaelGs
E. spinatus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 210.
ASIN ES sas:
Anystis HEYDEN, Isis, 1826, p. 612.
A. agilis Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soec., XXI, 1894, p. 211 (Actineda).
GEKOBIA.
Gekobia Mranin, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, 1878, p. 188.
G. texana Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 154.
Family TETRAN YCHIDL.
BRYOBIA.
Bryobia Kocn, Crust. Myr. Arachn. Deutsch., fase. 4, 1836.
=|
CO
B. pratensis GARMAN, Fourteenth Report State Hntom. of Hlinois, 1885, p.
MARLATT, Insect Life, III, 1890, p. 45.
pallida GARMAN, Insect Life, III, 1890, p. 74 (Young).
B. weyerensis PAcKARD, Cave Memoir, 1887, p. 42.
TH TRAN YCHUs:
Tetranychus Durour, Ann. Sci. Nat., XX V, 1852, p. 276.
T. aceris SHimMer, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., II, 1869, p. 320 (Acarus).
T. bicolor BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 218; Tech. Bull. no. §,
Dive nites Wes: Pept. Agric:, 1900, p. 72.
T. bimaculatus Harvey, Ann. Rept. Maine Agric. Exp. Station, for 1892 (1895),
p. 133.—Banks, Tech. Bull. no. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1900, p. 73.
T. desertorum BANKS, Tech. Bull. no. 8, Div. Hnt., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1900, p. 76.
T. gloveri BANKs, Tech. Bull. no. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1900, p. 76.—
Morean, Bull. no. 48, Eoutsinen Agric. Exp. Sta., 1897, pp. 130—135.—
Trrus, Cir. no. 65, U. S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Entom., 1905, p. 5.
gracilipes Banks, Tech. Bull. no. 8, Div. Ent.. es S. Dept. Agric., 1900, p. 72.
. modestus BANKs, Tech. Bull. no. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1900, p. 73.
. mytilaspidis Ritpey, Hubbard, Orange Insects, 1885, p. 216.—BaANnkKs, Tech.
Bull. no. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1900, p. 71—WoopworrH, Bull.
no. 145, California Agric. Exp. Sta., 1902, pp. 19, 5 figs.
T. sexmaculatus Ritey, Insect Life, II, 1890, p. 225.—Banks, Tech. Bull. no. 8,
Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1900, p. 75.
T. telarius LINNa&uUsS, Fauna Suecia, 1761, p. 481.—Banxs, Tech. Bull. no. 8,
Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1900, p. 75.
T. tumidus Banks, Tech. Bull. no. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1900, p. 73.
T. verbesince CocKERELL, Nature, 16 Oct., 1902, p. GOS.
HHA
NO. 193. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS. — 599
T. viridis BANKS, Trans. Amer. nt. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 218.
T. vitis BoispuvaL, Entom. Horticole, 1867, p. 92.
telarius MAyer and VraLa, Ann. de Ecole Nationale d’Agric. de Mont-
pellier, 1893, pp. 18, 1 pl. (not of Linnzeus).
IHS NO UEV AIL IES).
Tenuipalpus DoNNADIEU, Ann. Sci. Linn., Lyon, XXII, 1875, p. 111.
T. californicus Banks, Jour. N. Y. Entom. Soe., 1904, p. 55.
AMM RININ SACs (OVD DS).
Tetranychoides BANKS, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc., 1904, p. 54.
T. californica Banks, Journ. N. Y. Entom, Soc., 1904, p. 54.
SipiGsVveAan eS:
Stigmaus Wocw, Crust., Myr. Arachn. Deutsch., fase. 4, 18386.
S. floridanus Banks, Tech. Bull. no. 8, Diy. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1900, p. 77.
INDE) 21s VOLICOMSN NGS)
Neophyllobius BERLESE, Acari dann. piante colt., ISSG6, p. 20.
N. americanus Banks, Proce. Ent. Soc., Wash., VII, 1906, p. 133.
Family RHYNCHOLOPHID.
REYNE HOR @OP Us:
Rhyncholophus Duaks, Ann. Sci. Nat., (2), I, 1834, p. 31.
Hs]
. angustipes, new name.
gracilipes BANKS, Proce. Calif. Acad. Sci., (3), III, 1904, p. 305 (not of
Kramer, 1897).
. cavernarum PAcKARD, Cave Memoir, 1887, p. 42.
cinctipes BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 216.
elongatus BANKS, Insects, etc., Commander Isl., 1899, p. 348.
floridanus BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 74.
. longipes BANKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 215.
. maculatus BanxKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXI, 1894, p. 216.
montanus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 216.
parvus BANnxKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 216.
pilosus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 217.
. punctatus BANKs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei., Phil., 1904, p. 145.
robustus Banks, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., VIII, 1895, p. 432.
roseus BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 215.
. Simplex BANkKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXI, 1894, p. 215.
. texanus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 217.
A
600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
SMARIS.
Smaris LATREILLE, Précis Caract. Ins., 1796, p. 180.
S. australis BANKS, Trans. Amer. Hnt. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 74.
S.
5 5
occidentalis BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 214.
Family TROMBIDITDE.
TROMBIDIUM.
Trombidium Fapricius, Gen. Insect., 1776, p. 151.
RQ
>
armatum KRAMER, and NEUMAN, Acariden wahrend Vega Exped., 1883,
Deze
bulbipes Packarp, 3rd Mass. Rept., 1873, p. 26.
gemmosum Banks, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1901, p. 595.
. giganteum RILey, First Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 1878, p. 312.—BaNkKs, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 212.
. granulatum Banks, Canad. Entom., 1902, p. 171.
magnificum LE Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1852, p. 145.—BaANnks,
Trans. Amer. Wnt. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 213.
- marinus BANKS, Trans Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 73.
scabrum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II,- 1821, p. 69.—Lr Conte, Edit., II, 1859,
p. 16.—BankKs, Trans. Amer. Wnt. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 212.
sericieum Say, Jour. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 70.—L&r Conte, Hdit., II, 1859,
p. 6.—RILey, 7th Mo. Rept., 1875, p. 175.—Banxks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe,
XXI, 1894, p. 212.
MICROTROMBIDIUM.
Microtrombidiwm HAtLier, J. H. Ver. Wtirtb., XX XVIII, 1882, p. 322.
. granulosa BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 74 (Ottonia).
. locustarum WALSH, Pract. Hntom., I, 1866, p. 126.—Ritny, Amer. Nat., XII,
1878, p. 189; First Ann. Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 1878, p. 306.—Banxs, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 213.
M. muscarum Ritey, First Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 1878, p. 306.—Banks, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soe., X XI, 1894, p. 213.
M. trombidiodes Banks, Trans. Amer. Hnt. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 74 (Ottonia).
C.
C.
Family CAXCULIDA.
CACULUS.
Ceculus Durour, Ann. Sci. Nat., XXV, 1832, p. 289.
americanus BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV, 1899, p. 221.
clavatus BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 136.
NO. 1553. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS. 601
Family HY DRACHNIDZ.
LIMNOCHARES.
Limnochares LATREILLE, Précis, Caract. Ins., 1796, p. 181.
L. aquaticus LinNaus, Faun. Suec., 1761, p. 482.—Piersie, Das Tierreich, Lief.
13, 1901, p. 14.
L. extendens Say, Jour. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 80.—Lk& Conre, Edit., II, 1859,
p. 22. [Probably not the European species of same name. |
‘
ID AALVAIS
Eylais LATREILLE, Précis, Caract. Ins., 1796, p. 182.
]
. desecta KoENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 1897, p. 288.
. falcata KoENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 1897, p. 288.
. triangulifera KorenIkeE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 1897, p. 289.
eso cs|
IDSWOANSE
Thyas Kocwu, Crust. Myr. Arach. Deutsch., 1835, fase. 5.
T. pedunculata KoreNIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 192.
T. stolli KOENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 194.
PANTISUSs:
Panisus KOENTKE, Zool. Anz., XIX, 1896, p. 356.
P. cataphracta KoENIKE, Abh, naturw. Ver. Bremen, NIIT, 1895, p. 196.
TANAOGNATHUS.
Tanognathus Woucort, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., X XT, 1900, p. 195.
T. spinipes Wotcort, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXI, 1900, p. 194.
KRENDOWSKIA.
Krendowskia Persie, Zool. Anz., XVIII, 1895, p. 147.
K. ovata WotLcotTt, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., X XI, 1900, p. 181.
STEGANASPIS.
Steganaspis Woucorr, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXII, 1901, p. 105.
S. arrenuroides Woucort, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soe, X NIT, 1901, p. 106.
ARRENURUS.
Arrenurus DuGcES, Ann. Sci. Nat., (2), I, 1834, p. 17.
A. birgei MARSHALL, Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett., XIV (Pt. 1), 1903,
p. 158.
A. cardiacus MARSHALL, Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci., Arts, Let., XIV (Pt. 1), 1903,
p. 153.
A. caudatus Dr GrEErR, Mém. Hist. Ins., III, 1778, p. 189.—Prersic, Das Tierreich.
Lief. 13, 1901, p. 87.—MAaRSHALL, Trans. Wise. Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett., XIV
(Ete2), 19045 ps a2.
602
vAS
. interpositus Kornikr, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 176.
. krameri KornrkKer, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 182.
. lautus KoENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 172.
. manubriator MARSHALL, Trans. Wise. Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett., XIV (Pt. 1),
. morrisoni MARSHALL, Trans. Wise. Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett., XIV (Pt. 2), 1904,
> bP bb pb
. securiformis Prersic, Zool. Anzeiger, XVII, 1894, p. 877; Das Tierreich, Lief.
. setiger KoenrkKeE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIIT, 1895, p. 178.
PROC '‘EEDINGS: OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
conicus Piersic, Zool. Anzeiger, XVI, 1898, p. 311; Das Tierreich, Lief. 13,
1901, p. 86.—MarSHALL, Trans. Wise. Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett., XIV (Pt. 1),
1903, p. 158.
corniger KoENIKE, Zool. Anzeiger, X VII, 1894, p. 276.—Ptrrsi¢, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 13, 1901, p. 84.—MarsHatL, Trans. Wise. Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett., XIV
(Pt. 1), 1903, p. 155.
cylindratus Prersic, Zool. Anzeiger, XIX, 1896, p. 441; Das Tierreich, Lief.
13, 1901, p. 84.—MARSHALL, Trans. Wise. Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett., XIV (Pt.
1), 1903, p. 156. |
globator MiLver, Zool. Dan. Prodr., 1776, p. 188.—Pirrsic, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 13, 1901, p. 82. MarsHaLL, Trans. Wise. Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett, XIV
(Pt. 1), 1908, p. 148.
elobator var. megalurus MarsuHALL, Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett., XIV
(tl) 2903s py 50:
1903, p. 151.
[0b O2Bx
parallellatus Marsa, Trans. Wise. Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett., XIV (Pt. 1), |
1903, p. 154.
13, 1901, p. 88.—MARSHALL, Trans. Wise. Acad. Sci., Arts, Lett., XIV (Pt. 1),
1903, p. 152.
ATURUS.
Aturus KrAMeEr, Arch. f. Naturgesch, XLI, 1875, p. 309.
. mirabilis Prersic, Sitzungsb. Ges. Leipzig, XXII-X XIII, 1897, p. 157.
seaber IKOENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 186 (not
Kramer).
PANGS EOIN Ar W'S).
Xystonotus Woucorr, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., X XI, 1900, p. 185.
. asper Wotcort, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., X XI, 1900, p. 186.
NMED @ SiS:
Mideopis NEUMAN, Svenska Akad, Handl., XVII, 1880, p. 67.
. orbicularis Mititier, Zool. Dan. Prodr., 1776, p. 190.—IKoENIKE, Abh. naturw.
Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 191.
JES SHIEIl IVAN.
Lebertia NEUMAN, Svenska Akd. Handl., X VIT, 1880, p. 68.
. tau-insignita Lepert, Bull. Soc. Vaudoise (2), XVI, 1879, p. 371.—KoENIKE,
Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 201.
No. 1553. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS. 603
SPERCHON.
Sperchon KRAMER, Arch. f. Naturgeseh., 1877, p. 240.
S. glandulosus, KoENIKE, Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., XLII, 1885, p. 270; Abh. naturw.
L.
K.
A.
byt bt bf
Whe
Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 202.
parmatus KoENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 202.
. tenuipalpis KorNIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 204.
LIMNESIA.
Limnesia Kocu, Crust. Myr. Arach. Deutsch., fase. 2, 1835.
. cornuta Wo.cotT, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIV., 1903, p. 145.
histrionica HERMANN, Mém. Apterol., 1804, p. 55.—Wotcort, Trans. Amer.
Mier. Soec., XXIV, 1903, p. 146.
. koenikei Pirrsic, Zool. Anz., 1894, p. 115; Das Tierreich, XIII, 1901, p. 177.
. maculata MULier, Zool. Danica prod., 1776, p. 191.—Wotcort, Trans. Amer.
Mier. Soc., XXIV, 1903, p. 156.
. paucispina WoccorTtT, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIV, 1903, p. 152.
undulata MULLER, Hydrachnie Danie, 1781, p. S8O.—ISoENIKE, ADh. naturw.
Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 206.—Wotcort, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soe, XXIV,
1903, p. 149.
I UVENEE SLOP Sis:
Limnesiopsis PireERSIG, Zoologica, NNILT, WS9T, p. 2O4.
anomala KoENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 207.
i
KOENIKEA.
Koenikea Woucort, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., NNT, 1900, p. 189.
concava Wo.tcorTtT, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., X XI, 1900, p. 190.
MIERAC LLD ES:
Atractides Kocu, Crust. Myr. Arach. Deutsch., fase. 11, 1837.
spinipes Kocu, Crust. Myr. Arach. Deutsch., fase. 11, 1857, fig. 16.
ovalis KOENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, VIII, 1883, p. 32; XIII,
1895, p. 211.
let SCGuIRO IVA IMaS
Hygrobates Kocu, Crust. Myr. Arach. Deutsch., fase. 10, 1887.
. decaporus KOENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 215.
exilis KoENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 213.
. longipalpis HERMANN, Mém. Apterol., 1804, p. 55.—ISoENIKE, Abh. naturw.
Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 212.
multiporus KoENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 216.
TYG Vena eee
Tyrrellia KoOENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 198.
circularis KOENIKE, Abh, naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 199.
.
604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
ATAX.
Atar Fapsrictus, Syst. Antliatorum, 1805, p. 866,
. abnormipes Wotcort, Zool. Bull., I, 1898, p. 280; Trans. Amer. Mier. Soe.,
XX, 1899, p. 218.
aculeatus KOENIKE, Zool. Anz., XIII, 1890, p. 140.
aculeatus var. sayi Prersic, Das Tierreich, XIII, 1901, p. 213.—Wotcorr,
Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XX, 1899, p. 210.
. adensameri THoN, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, XVI, 1902, p. 31.
. arcuata Wo.tcorT, Zool. Bull., I, 1898, p. 284; Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc, XX,
1899, p. 231.
crassipes MULLER, Zool. Dan. Prodr., 1
Micr, Soe., XX, 1899, p. 205.
fossulatus KoENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 221.—Wotcort,
Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XX, 1899, p. 226.
: indistinctus Wotcott, Zool. Bull., I, 1898, p. 281; Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc.,
XOX 1899 as Oo
. intermedius KoenIkr, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, VII, 1882, p. 265,
intermedius var. Wolcotti Pirrsic, Zool. Anzeiger, XXIII, 1900, p. 211.—
Wotcort, Trans. Amer. Mier. Soc., XX, 1899, p. 214. :
pectinata WoLcort, Zool. Bull., I, 1898, p. 280; Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XX,
1899" pai S:
serratus WoLcorTtT, Zool. Bull., I, 1898, p. 282; Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc; XX,
S99 py 22505 os
stricta WoLcort, Zool. Bull., I, 1898, p. 283; Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XX,
1899, p. 229.
tumidus Wo.corr, Zool. Bull., I, 1898, p. 285; Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XX,
1899, p. 236.
ypsilophorus Bonz, Nova Acta Acad. Leop., VII, 1783, p. 52.
ypsilophorus var. haldemani Persia, Zool. Anz., XXIII (1900), p. 212.—
KoENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 217.—Wotcorr, Trans.
Amer. Mier. Soe, XX, 1899, p. 238. ’
formosa DANA and WHELPLEY, Amer. Jour. Sci., XXX, 1836, p. 357.
oviformis HALDEMAN, Zool. Contrib., 1842, p. 1.
lactea HALDEMAN, Zool. Contrib., 1842, p. 1.
77
(76, p. 189.—Wotcort, Trans. Amer.
> bP bP bb bb p>
> b>
-
Pea ee ae aaa
UNIONICOLA.
Unionicola WALDEMAN, Zool. Contrib., 1842, p. 1. [Most, if not all, the species
are probably synonyms of Ataxr ypsilophorus. |
U. humerosa HALDEMAN, Zool. Contrib., 1842, p. 2.
U. lugubris HALDEMAN, Zool. Contrib., 1842, p. 2.
U. personata HALDEMAN, Zool. Contrib., 1842, p. 2.
U. proxima HALDEMAN, Zool. Contrib., 1842, p. 2.
U. reticulata HALDEMAN, Zool. Contrib., 1842, p. 3.
U. symmetrica HaLpEeMAN, Zool. Contrib., 1842, p. 2.
U. unicolor HALDEMAN, Zool. Contrib., 1842, p. 3.
NEUMANIA.
Neumania LEBER’, Bull. Soc. Vaudoise (2), XVI, 1879, p. 340.
N. vernalis MULLER, Zool. Dan. Prodr., 1776, p. 189.—KoENIKE, Abh. naturw.
Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 218.—Piersieé, Das Tierriech, XIII, 1901, p. 227.
605
No. 1553. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS.
NAJADICOLA.
Najadicola Piersic, Zool. Anz.,. XX, 1897, p. 60.
N. ingens KorENIKE, Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 219.—Wotcort,
Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XX, 1899, p. 238.
FPELYRIA.
Feltria KoOENIKE, Zool. Anz., XV, 1892, p. 323.
F. minuta KoENIKE, Zool. Anz., p. 323, 1892.—Piersic, Das Tierreich, XIII, 1901,
WMH WW
ae)
Wg
arias las)
hi
oo me
. triangularis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 79.
p. 231.
PIONA.
Piona Kocw, Ubers. Arachn. Syst., III, 1842, p. 13.
. constrictus WoLcoTT, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 222.
. coronis WoLcoTT, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 208.
. crassus Wo.LcorT, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc:, XXIII, 1902, p. 246.
. debilis Wotcorr, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXII, 1902, p. 234.
- exilis WoLcorT, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 210.
. fuscatus HERMANN, Mem. apterol., 1804, p. 58.—Prersic, Das Vierreich, XIII,
1901, p. 256.
Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, XIII, 1895, p. 209.
. Inconstans Wo.tcotTtT, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 241.
- Medius Wo.LcorT, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 229.
. obturbans Pirrsic, Zool. Anz., XIX, 1896, p. 489.—Wo.xcotrt, Trans. Amer.
Micr. Soe., X XIII, 1902, p. 240.
- pugilis Wo.cort, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 213.
. reighardi Wo.cort, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 235.
- rotundus Kramer, Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1879, p. 12.—Wotcort, Trans. Amer.
Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 231.
. Setiger Woxcott, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 243.
.. Spinulosus WoLcort, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 226.
triangularis Wo.tcort, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 220.
. turgidus Wo.tcort, Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., XXIII, 1902, p. 216.
HYDRACHNA.
(Unplaced. )
. belostome RILey, Ist Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 1878, p. 312.
. coccinea HALDEMAN, Proc. Phil. Acad., I, 1842, p. 196.
nebulosa HALDEMAN, Proc. Phil. Acad., I, 1842, p. 196.
pyriformis DANA and WHELPLEy, Amer. Journ. Sci., XXX, 1836, p. 358.
5-undata HALDEMAN, Proc. Phil. Acad., I, 1842, p. 184. °
scabra HALpEMAN, Proc. Phil. Acad., I, 1842, p. 184.
1859, p. 22. [Probably equal Ataxr ypsilophorus. |
. tricolor PACKARD, Amer. Journ. Sci. (3), I, 1871, p. 108,
Le Conte, Kdit.,
. guatemalensis Srotn, Biol. Cent.-Amer. Arach.-Acari., 1887, p. 11.—KorNnike,
Il,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Family HALACARID.
THALASSARACHNA.
Thalassarachna Packarp, Amer. Journ. Sci. (3), 1, 1871, p. 108.
T. verrillii PACKARD, Amer. Journ. Sci. (3), I, 1871, p. 107.
Family [IXODID.
ARGAS.
Argas LATREILLE, Précis Caract. Ins., 1796, p. 178.
A. miniatus Kocu, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 219.—SaLmon and Srizes, 17th
Ann. Rept. Bur. Anim. Ind., 1902, p. 402.
americana PACKARD, Rept. U. 8. Geol. Survey Montana, Idaho, Wyo-
ming, Utah, 1872, p. 740.—NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1896,"
J05 ws
radiatus RAILLIET, Traité Zool. Méd., 1893, p. 718.
persicus NEUMANN, Arch. Parasit., IX, 1905, p. 240 (not of Fischer).
A. sanchezi Ducis, La Naturaleza (2), I, 1891, p. 20.—NEUMANN, Mém. Soc.
Zool. France, 1896, p. 16; 1901, p. 255.
ORNEEHODORO@s:
Ornithodoros Kocu, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 219.
O. megnini Ducé&s, La Naturaleza Mexicana, VI, 1885, p. 197.—NEUMANN, Mém.
Soc. Zool. France, 1896, p. 42.—SAaLMon and Strives, 17th Ann. Rept. Bur.
Anim. Ind., 1902, p. 408.
spinosum Marx, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, III, 1895, p. 199 (Rhyn-
chopriwn).
QO. turicata Ducrs, La Natur. Mexicana, VI, 1885, p. 196—NEUMANN, Mém. Soe.
Zool. France, 1896, p. 31. |
americanus Marx, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 1895, III, p. 199. |
Ix<@IDiES: |
Ixodes LATREILLE, Précis Caract. Ins., 1796, p. 179.
I. angustus NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1889, p. 156; 1901, p. 284.
TI. arcticus Osporn, Fur Seals and Fur Seal Islands of North Pacific Ocean, ITT,
1899, pp. 553-554.
I. brunneus Kocu, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 282; Arachn. Syst., IV, 1847, p.
101; NeuMANN, Arch. Parasit., VIII, 1904, p. 454.
I. californicus Banks, Proc. California Acad. Science (8), III, 1904, p. 869.
I. cookei Packarp, Ist Ann. Rept. Peabody Acad. Science, 1869, p. 67.
cruciarius FircH, 14th New York Rept., 1871, p. 566.
heragonus var. longispinosus NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1901,
p. 2838.
hexagonus SALMON and Sines, 17th Ann. Rept. Bur. Anim. Ind., 1902,
p. 467 (not of Leach).
I. dentatus NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1899, p. 119.
I. diversifossus NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1899, p. 186.
I. frontalis PANzreR, Fauna Ins. Germ., fasc. 59, fig. 23, 1795.—NEUMANN, Mém.
Soc, Zool, France, 1899, p. 133.
No. 1553. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS. 607
I. fuseus SAy, Journ. Phil. Acad., Il, 1821, p. 79.—LE Contr, Edit., II, 22, 1859.
[Probably male of /. scapularis. |
I. inchoatus NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1901, p. 283 (as var. of hexag-
onus). [Doubtfully the same as European. ]
I. ricinus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 1758, p. 615.—NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. -Zool.
France, 1899, p. 112.—SanmMon and Stites, 17th Ann. Rept. Bur. Anim.
Ind., 1902, p. 463. ~
I. scapularis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 78.—LrE Contr, Hdit., II, 1859,
p. 2: ;
affinis NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1899, p. 120.
I. sculptus NEUMANN, Arch. Parasit., VIII, 1904, p. 462.
I. urie Waite, Sutherland’s Journ. Voy. Baffins Bay, II, App., 1852, p. cex.
[No description.] [Perhaps Ceratirodes borealis Kramer and Neuman. |
(ID IRVA INDO) IDES)
Ceratixodes NEUMANN, Arch. Parasit., VI, 1902, p. 115.
C. borealis KRAMER and NEUMAN, Acariden wahrend Vega Exped., 1883, p. 526.
fimbriatus KRAMER and NEUMAN, Acariden wahrend Vega Exped., 1883,
p. 526, male.
hirsutus Brruta, Bull. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb., 1895, p. 356,
C. signatus Brruta, Bull. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb., 1895, p. 357.
HAMAPHYSALIS.
Hemaphysalis Kocu, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 287.
H. chordeilis Packarp, 1st Ann. Rept. Peabody Acad. Science, 1869, p. 67.
H. leporis-palustris Packarp, Ist Ann. Rept. Peabody Acad. Science, 1869, p.
67.—NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1897, p. 343.
rostralis DuGeEs, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1888, p. 129. (Gonirodes.)
AMBLYOMMA.
Amblyomma Wocu, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 228.
A. americana LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., X, 1758, p. 615.—Fircn, 14th N. Y. Rept.,
1871, p. 8364.—NEUMANN, Mém. Soe. Zool. France, 1899, p. 209.—SaLMon
and Stites, 17th Ann. Rept. Bur. Anim. Ind., 1902, p. 475.
? orbiculatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 76.
unipuncta PACKARD, Ist Ann. Rept. Peabody Acad. Sci., 1869, p. 66.
A. cajennense Fasricius, Entom. syst., IV, 1794, p. 427.—Kocn, Ubersicht
Arachn. syst., IV, 1847, p. 73—NrEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1899,
p. 205.
crenatum Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 76.—LeE Conte, Edit., IT,
1859, p. 20.
mizxtum Kocnw, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 227.
A. maculatum Kocu, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 227—NEUMANN, Mém. Soc.
Zool., France, 1899, p. 249.
tigrinum Kocu, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 227.
tenellum Kocu, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 227.
rubripes Kocn, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 228.
ovatum Kocu, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 228.
triste Kocu, Arch. f. Naturg., X, 1844, p. 229.
A. tuberculatum Marx, Insect Life, VI, p. 314—NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool.
France, 1899, p. 235.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07
39
608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
DERMACENTOR.
Dermacentor Kocu, Arch. f. Naturges., X, 1844, p. 235.
D. albipictus PAckarp, Amer. Nat., II, 1868, p. 559 (no description) ; Guide
Study Ins., 9th part, p. 662, 1869 (Aug.) ; Amer. Nat., III, 1869, p. 365-6.
variegatus NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1897, p. 367.—SALMON
and Srines, 17th Ann. Rept. Bur. Anim. Ind., 1902, p. 452.
reticulatus SALMON and STiLes, 17th Ann. Rept. Bur. Anim. Ind., 1902,
p. 448 (not of Fabricius).
D. bifurcatus NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1899, p. 122; Arch. Parasitol.,
VIII, 1904, p. 453.
nigrolineatus Packarp, Ist Ann. Rept. Peabody Acad. Science, 1869, p. 66.
nitens NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1897, p. 876.—SALMON and NSTILES,
17th Ann. Rept. Bur. Anim. Ind., 1902, p. 455.
D. occidentalis NEUMANN, Archiv. Parasitol., IX, 1905, p. 235.
reticulatus NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1897, p. 360, part.
D. parumapertus NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1901, p. 267; Archiy.
Parasitol., 1X, 1905, p. 236.
D. variabilis Say, Journ. Phil. Acad.. IJ, 1821, p. 77.—LE Conres, Hdit., II, 1859,
[> Zulli
americanus AuTHors (not Linnaeus).
electus Kocn, Arch. f. Naturges., X, 1844, p. 235.—SALMON and STILES,
17th Ann. Rept. Bur. Anim. Ind., 1902, p. 455.
albipictus Packarpb, Ist Rept. Peabody Acad. Sci., 1869, p. 66 (not of
Guide and Amer. Nat.).
5-striatus Firen, 14th New York Rept., 1871, p. 366,
robertsoni Firceu, 14th New York Rept., 1871, p. 566.
? npunctulatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 78.
p. 21, 1859.
UY
LE Conte, Edit..,
MARGAROPUS.
Margaropus Karscu, Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ver., 1879, p. 96.
M. annulatus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 75.—LeE Contr, Hdit., II, 1859,
p. 19.—NEUMANN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1897, p. 407.—SaLtmMon and
Stines, 17th Ann. Rept. Bur. Anim. Industry, 1902, p. 420.
bovis PackARD, Ist Rept. Peabody Acad. Sci., 1869, p. 68.
bovis Ritey, Gamgee’s Rept. Diseases Cattle, 1869, p. 168.
indentatus GAMGEE, Gamgee’s Rept. Diseases Cattle, 1869, p. 121.
dugesi M&GNIN, Les Parasites, 1880, p, 126.
IDKOUOHVNITS,.
(Unplaced. )
I. cinctus Fasricrus, Syst. Antliatorum, 1805, p. 356.
I. erraticus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., 1821, p. 77.—LE Contre, Hdit., II, 1859, p. 20.
[ Probably a Dermacentor. ]
No. 1553. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS. 609
Family GAMASIDZ.
HALARACHNE.
Halarachne ALLMAN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XX, 1847, p. 47.
H. americana Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., LV, 1899, p. 215.
IPAM DROP WI Se
Pteroptus Durour, Ann. Sci. Nat., X:X VI, 1832, p. 98.
P. americanus BANKs, Canad. Entom., 1902, p. 173.
DEV RIVCAUNDYeS SUS:
Dermanyssus Duaes, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), I, 1834, p. 18.
D. galline Repti, Esper. Int. Insetti., 1668, pl. 1—M&GNIN, Parasit., 1880, p.
115.—Ossorn, Bull. 33 Iowa Agric. Exp. Sta., 1896, p. 595.
ELPONYSS US:
Liponyssus WOLENATI, Sitzungsber. Kais. Akad. Wissenschft. Wien, Math.-
naturw. ¢l., XXXV, 1859; p. 172.
L. americanus Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 136.
OAMOGAMASUS.
Hiemogamasus BERLESE, Acari Myr. Scorp., fase. 52, 1889.
H. americanus Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 187.
RAILLIETIA.
Raillietia TROUESSART, C. R. Soc. Biol., LIV, 1902, p. 1337; Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, XX VII, 1902, p. 232.
R. auris LEIpy, Proc. Phil. Acad., 1872, p. 138.--TrouEssart, C. R. Soc. Biol.,
LIV, 1902, p. 1337; Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XXVITI, 1902, p. 233.
CELAINOPSIS:
Celenopsis BERLESE, Acari Myr. Scorp., fase. 31, 1886.
C. americanus Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 137.
SEWOS:
Seius Kocu, Crust. Myr. Arachn. Deutsch., fase. 4, 1836.
S. sanborni Packarp, Cave Memoir, 1887, p. 42.
S. quadripilis Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 138.
610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Ly IVAN IS Sy
Lelaps Kocwu, Crust. Myr. Arachn. Deutsch., fase. 4, 1886.
cavernicola PAcKARD, Cave Memoir, 1887, p. 42.
cuneifer var. americanus BERLESE, Redia, I, 1904, p. 418.
macropilis BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 159.
pilosula BANKs, Proce. Calif. Acad. Science, (8), III, 1904, p. 368.
. placidus Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1895, p. 128.
similis Montez, Rev. Biol. Nord France, VI, 1894, p. 20.
wyandottensis Packarp, Cave Memoir, 1887, p. 42.
Hee ea
EGE UN@ME GlsSaw Ss:
Eehinomegistus BERLESE, Redia, I, 1904, p. 266.
E. wheeleri WASMANN, Zool. Anzeiger, 1902, p. 72 (Antennophorus ).—BERLESE,
Redia, I, 1904, p. 398.
GAMASUS.
Gamasus LATREILLE, Hist. nat. Crust. Ins., III, 1802, p. 64.
G. antennepes Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 71.—Lkr Contes, Edit., II,
SO Sp Oe alate
G. californicus BANkKs, Proc. Calif. Acad. Science (3), III, 1904, p. 368.
G. juloides Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 72.—LE Conte, Edit., IJ, 1859,
p. 18.
G. longipalpoides Fett, 11th Rept. State Entom. N. Y., 1896, p. 259. [Name not
to be applied unless mite is new. |
G. musculus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 72.—LeE Contes, Edit., II, 1859,
jos Jkt
G. nidularius Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 72.—L&E Conre, Edit., II, 1859,
Da ite
G. passali GUERIN, Iconog. Régne Anim., IV, Arachn., 1848, p. 15. .
G. spinipes Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 71.—LE Conte, Edit., II, 1859,
jo, IT
. stygius PackaARD, Cave Memoir, 1887, p. 42.
. troglodytes Packarp, Cave Memoir, 1887, p. 42.
Q Q
MACROCHELES.
!
Macrocheles LATREILLE, Régne Anim. (nouv. ed. rev. et aug.), IV, 1829, p. 282.
. arcticus KRAMER and NEUMAN, Acariden wahrend Vega Exped., 1883, p. £22.
carolinensis BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 137.
. exilis BANKs, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sciences, IT, 1900, p. 485.
- meestus BANKS, Canad. Entom., 1898, p. 265.
S888
MEGISTHANUS.
Megisthanus THORELL, Ann. Mus. Genoy., XVIII, 1882, p. 41.
M. floridanus Banks, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1904, p. 145.
epee
7:
aaa
Q 2
ARAAARAAD
. 1553. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS. 6
ile
ILJUROYVNS IZ IUS
Liroaspis BANKS, Canad. Entom., 1902, p. 174.
americana BANKs, Canad. Hntom., 1902, p. 174.
UROPODA.
Uropoda LATREILLE, Gen, Crust. Ins., I, 1806, p. 157.
americana RILEy, Proc. Am. Assoc. Ady. Sci., XXV, 1877, p. 273; 9th Mo.
Rept., 1877, p. 41. -
campomolendina var. canadensis BERLESE, Redia, II, 1905, p. 22
formica Fitcu, Trans. N. Y. State Agric. Soc. for 1854, p. 857, (1855).
Rept., p. 158.
lucifugus Packarp, Cave Memoir, 1887, p. 42.
pennsylvanica BERLESE, Redia, I, 1904, p. 251; p. 347 (Uroplitella).
punctulata Banks, Canad. Entom., 1898, p. 266.
IMBVAG ISI SCI 1S Se
Trachytes MicHArEL, Trans. Roy. Micr. Soc., 1894, p. 297.
lagenzeformis BERLESE, Redia, II, 1905, p. 21.
(CA EIS YAN
Cilliba Hryvrn, Isis, 1826, p. 612.
circularis BANKS, Canad. Entom., 1898, p. 266 (Discopoma).
. hirsuta BAnkKs, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1902, p. 221 (Discopoma).
. hirticoma BERLESE, Redia, I, 1904, pp. 246, 331.
DING EWS:
Dinychus KRAMER, Arch. f. Naturg., LII, 1886, p. 255.
americanus BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 159.
Family ORIBATID.
GALUMNA.
Galumna Hrybven, Isis, 1826, p. 612. [Oribata of authors, not of Latreil
. affinis BANKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe, X XII, 1895, p. 6.
. alata PackarbD, Cave Memoir, 1887, p. 42. [Name preoccupied ; but it may
a synonym of some other species. |
arborea BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 7.
. armipes BANKs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 492.
. depressa BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 6.
emarginata Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XII, 1895, p. 7.
. hirsuta BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XII, 1895, p. 7.
. imperfecta Banks, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 492.
. magna BANKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 6.
. minuscula Banks, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 492.
- mesta BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 6.
Ist
le. ]
r be
Gi? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
. nitidula BANKs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci- Philad., 1906, p. 491.
. palustris Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soe., 1895, p. 128.
. persimilis BANKs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 491.
. pratensis BANKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 6.
. robusta BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 7.
slossonze BANKS, Proce. Acad. Nat Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 490.
texana BANKS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., 1906, p. 494
. turgida Banks, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 493.
. unimaculata BANKS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 490.
. virginica Banks, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 493.
QMADAADAVRAA
ORIBATELLA.
Oribatella BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soec., XXII, 1895, p. 8.
. aquatica BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 9.
. armata Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 9.
. bidentata BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 8.
. borealis BANKS, Insects, ete., Commander Isl, 1899, p. 349.
minuta BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 76.
obesa BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 9.
. perfecta BANKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 75.
. 4-dentata BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 8.
. setosa BANKS, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1895, p. 129. )
. signata Banks, Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc, XXII, 1895, p. 9.
oo0go0o0o00o0o00o 09
ORS AGO DIETS:
Oribatodes BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 10.
O. mirabilis BanxKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 10.
GYMNOBATES.
Gymnobates BANKS, Canad. Entom., 1902, p. 175.
G. glaber BANKs, Canad. Entom., 1902, p. 176.
ORES AMMOIEAS
Oribatula BrerLese, Acari, Myriop. Scorp. Ital., Crypt., II, 1896, p. 54.
O. pallida BAnKs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 494.
EREMAUS.
Bremeus Kocu, Crust. Myr. Arach. Deutsch., fase. 8, 1835.
. arctica BANKS, Insects, ete., Commander Isl., 1899, p. 549.
. floridanus BANKs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1904, p. 145.
. pilosus Banks, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 11.
esto cs]
HHHHEH
oO0°0
42424
299999900
(e) (@) (@) (e) ) ©)
CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS.
—
on
on
oo
613
LIACARUS.
Liacarus MIcHArEL, Das Tierreich, ITT, 1898, p. 40.
. abdominalis BANKs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 495.
. carolinensis BANKS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 494. °
concolor BANKS, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 11.
. frontalis BANKs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 495.
. modestus BANKS, Proc. California Acad. Science (8), IIT, 1904, p.
. hnitidus BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 10.
LREGHOGRAN US:
Tegeocranus NicoLtet, Arch. Mus., Paris, VIT, 1855, p. 464.
‘. lamellatus Banks, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 497.
OWA
Oppia Kocu, Ubers. Arachn. Syst., ITT, 1842, p. 104.
. canadensis BANKS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 497.
. montana BANKS, Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 497.
. Spinipes Banks, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, 496.
NG@GRASETS:
Notaspis HERMANN, Mém. Apterol., 1804, p. 87.
. carbonarius BANKS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 496.
. castaneus BANKS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 496.
. punctulatus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 10.
ORIBATA.
Oribata LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., III, 1802, p. 65.
. angustipes BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 136.
- australis BANKs, Trans. Amer. Pnt. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 12.
. bulbipedata Packarp, Cave Memoir, 1887, p. 42.
californica BANKs, Proc. California Acad. Science (8), 1904, p. 36
floridana Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 76.
longiseta Banks, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 498.
minuta Banks, Trans. Amer. HMnt. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 12.
puritanica BANKS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 498.
CARABODES.
367.
4
(.
Carabodes Wocu, Crust. Myr. Arach. Deutsch., fase. 3, 1835.
. apicalis BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 18.
. brevis BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XIII, 1896, p. 77.
. dorsalis BAnKs, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XIII, 1896, p. 77.
. granulatus Banks, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1895, p. 129.
. higra BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 12.
. oblonga Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 13.
614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
CYMBAREMALUS.
Cymberemeus BERLESE, Acari, Myr. Scorp, Ital., 1896, fase. 78.
C. marginalis Banks, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 76 (Hremeus).
HERMANNIA.
Hermannia Nicoter, Arch. Mus. Paris, VII, 1855, p. 468.
. quadriseriata Banks, Insects, etc., Commander Isl., 1899, p. 349.
. trinebulosa Ritey, Hubbard, Orange Insects, 1885, p. 216.
m x
NEOLIODES.
Neoliodes BERLESE, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., XX, 1888, p. 47.
N. concentrica Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 738.—Lr Conte, Edit., IT,
1859, p. 18—-Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 15 (Liodes).
N. floridensis Banks, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 499.
IN(O@ABSNE OS
Ory
Nothrus Kocu, Crust. Myr. Arach. Deutsch., fase. 2, 183
. banksi MrcuHaeL, Das Tierreich. Lief. 3, Oribat., 1898, p. 70.
furcatus BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 15 (not Koch).
. bipilus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 14.
_ excisus BANKS, Trans. Amer. Hnt. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 15.
rugulosus BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 15,
. simplex Banks, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., 1895, p. 130.
.taurinus Banks, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1906, p. 499.
. truncatus BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XNII, 1895, p. 14.
waaeaaw ow
SCUMOMERRARE DS
Scutoverter MICHAEL, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., II, 1879, p. 241.
n
_ marinus BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 77 (Nothrus).
S. petrophagus Banks, Hntom. News, 1906, p. 194.
E@ Pr © Di RUNES
Hoploderma MicHakt, Das Tierreich, ITI, 1898, p. 77.
. granulata BANKS, Canad. Entom., 1902, p. 175.
_ setosa BANKS, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 16 (Hoplophora).
. spherula Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 16 (Hoplophora).
im
PHTHIRACARUS.
Phthiracarus Perry, Allg. Naturg., III, 1841, p. 874.
P. arctata Ritey, 6th Mo. Rept., 1874, p. 58 (Hoplophora).—BANks, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 16 (Tritia).
P. eryptopus Banks, Proc. California Acad. Science (3), III, 1904, p. 367.
P. glabrata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 73.—LE Conte, Kdit., 11, 1859,
p. 18.—Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, p. 16 (Tritia).
NO. 1553. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS. 615
ORDA D5.
(Unplaced. )
O. aspidioti ASHMEAD, Can. Entom., 1879, p. 93 (Oribata).
N. malleolus KArPELLEs, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1884, p. 34 (Nothrus).
N. ovivorus Packarp, Guide Study Insects, 1869, p. 664 (Nothrus).
N. pileiformis KArPELLES, Berl. Hnt. Zeitsch., 1884, p. 33 (Nothrus).
O. quadripilis Fircn, 3rd N. Y. Rept., 1856, p. 442 (Oribata).
Family TARSONEMIDZ.
SYUCIMDI EXO) = bl Sh.
Siteroptes AMERLING, Lotos, 1861, p. 24.
S. carnea BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 140.
APATES @INGEIVE OS:
Tarsonemus CANESTRINI and FANzAGO, Atti. Soc. Ven.-Trentino, VY, 1876, p. 141.
T. pallidus Banks, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV, 1899, p. 295.
PE DPIGULOIDES.
Pediculoides TarGIoNI-TozzETri1, Ann. d. Agricol., I, 1878, p. 271.
P. ventricosus Newport, Trans. Linn. Soc., London, X XI, 1853, p. 95.—BRUCKER,
Bull. Sci. France, Belgique, XXX V, 1900, pp. 355-142, 4 pls.
JPG AMUZ OVP ISR WS
Pigmeophorus KRAMER, Arch. f. Naturg., XLIII, 1877, p. 254.
P. americanus BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soe. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 139.
]
ID USIP AURUN ETDS,
Disparipes MIcHAEL, Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII, 1885, p. 390.
D. americanus BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soe. Wash., VII, 1906, p. 139.
]
Family TY ROGLYPHIDZ.
Misnti@Gs TO NiEA.
Histiostoma KRAMER, Arch. f. Naturg., XLII, 1876, p. 105.
H. americanum Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept. Agric.,
1906, p. 11.
H. brevipes Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1906,
fos IL
H. gracilipes Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1906,
Delo:
616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
G.
Ge welLeEeNGws:
Glyciphagus TWrrtnea, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. (2), XVIII, 1838, p. 619.
obesus BANKS, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. 8S. Dept. Agric., 1906,
10s 12
. robustus Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 15, Bur. Entom., U. 8S. Dept. Agric., 1906,
p- 13.
PYOROGILYOP SO) S.
Tyroglyphus LATREILLE, Précis Caract. Ins., 1796, p. 185.
. americanus Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. 8S. Dept. Agric., 1906,
p. 16.
armipes Banks, Techn. Bull. no, 13, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1906,
p. 18.
. breviceps Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1906,
Taye 17
. cocciphilus Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1906,
p. 16.
. farine Dr Grrr, Mém. Hist. Ins., VII, 1778, p. 97; Das Tierreich, Lief. 7,
1899, p. 187.—Banxs, Techn. Bull. no. 18, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept. Agric.,
1906, p. 14. ‘
lintneri Osporn, Science, 1893, p. 3860.—LINTNER, 10th N. Y. Rept., 1895,
p. 452.— Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 18, Bur. Entom., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1906,
10 ata)
heteromorphus FELT, 11th New York Rept., 1896, p. 254.—Banks, Techn, Bull.
no. 18, Bur. Entom., U. 8S. Dept. Agric., 1906, p. 18.
. longior Gervais, Insectes Aptéres, III, 1844, p. 262.—Banks, Techn. Bull. no.
13, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1906, p. 14.
. vibis Frrcu, 3rd New York Rept., 1856, p. 424. [Possibly a Rhizoglyphus. |
. terminalis BAnkKs, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1906,
105 Alte
IRUEIIAZOG ILA Pst WS.
Rhizoglyphus CLAPAREDE, Zeits. wiss. Zool, XVIII, 1869, p. 506.
>
. elongatus Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1906,
Deze
. hyacinthi Borspuvar, Entom. horticole, 1867, p. 86.—Banks, Techn. Bull.
no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. 8S. Dept. Agriec., 1906, p. 21.
echinopus FuMouzE and Rosin, Journ. Anat. Physiol. V, 1868, p. 278.
. longitarsis Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1906,
D: 22:
. phylloxere Ritey, 6th Missouri Rept., 1874, p. 52.—Banks, Techn. Bull. no.
18, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1906, p. 20.
. rhizophagus BANKS, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept. Agric.,
$
1906, p. 21.
. tarsalis BANKS, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. 8S. Dept. Agric., 1906,
p. 20.
No. 1553. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS.
MONIEZIELLA.
Monieziella BrRLESE, Acari, Myriop. Scorp. Ital., Cryptostigmata, Sarcoptidie,
1897, p. 106.
M. angusta Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom, U. S. Dept. Agric., 1906,
Dp: 23:
M. brevitarsis BANKS, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept. Agric.,
1906, p. 24.
M. longipes Banks, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept. Agric., 1906,
1h Zar
(O/ANIRIS OVEN OP sO.
Carpoglyphus Rosin, Bull. Soc. Iinp. Nat. Moscou, XNNITI, 1860, p. 16.
C. passularum Herina, N. Acta. Acad. Leop., XVIII, 1838, p. 618—Mreantin,
Parasit., 1880, p. 141—Banxs, Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept.
Agric., 1906, p. 25.
anonymus TALLER, Jahresb. Ver. Wiirttemb., XX XVIII, 1882, p. 297.
WIR CrStSN LIN IRS OS.
Trichotarsus CANESTRINI, Prosp. Acarof. Ital., III, 1888, p. 356.
T. osmize Durour, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), XI, 1839, p. 276.--Banxs, Canad. Entom.,
1902, p. 176; Techn. Bull. no. 13, Bur. Entom., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1906, p. 26.
T. xylocopze DoNNApiIEu, Ann. Sci. Nat. (5), X, 1868, p. 70.—Osporn, Amer.
Nat., 1894, p. 1021.—Banxs, Techn. Bull. no. 15, Bur. Entom., U. S. Dept
Agric., 1906, p. 25.
Family CANESTRINIID.
EEE VIL SARC © Pav S:
Hemisarcoptes LIGNIERES, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1895, p. 17.
H. malus SHIM_ER, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., I, 1868, p. 368 (Acarus).
coccisugus LIGNIERES, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1893, p. 17.
Family ANALGESID.
JPA ID IRON MO ISOS
Pterolichus Ropin, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, LX VI, 1868, p. 786.
. aquilinus TROUESSART, Journ. Microgr., VIII, 1884, p. 573.
- buchholzi CANESTRINI, Atti. Inst. Veneto. (5), V, 1878, p. 64.
longiventer M@GNIN and TROUESSART, Journ. Microgr., VIII, 1884, p. 261.
Woh
Jee eB SCAN INI AAN-
Freyana HALLER, Zeits. wiss. Zool., XXX, 1877, p. 81.
F. anserina TROUESSART and MEGNIN, Bull. Soc. Angers, XIV, 1884, p. 40.
F. caput-medusze TROUESSART, Bull. Soc. Angers, XVI, 1886, p. 100 (Jiche-
lichus).
618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXIL.
ME LANAE GES:
Allanalges TROUESSART, Bull. Soc. Angers, XVI, 1886, p. 187.
A. gracilepinnata HALter, Arch. f. Naturg., 1882, p. 72.
s I I
IPIROKG 1 OLMIS vObJIL ODS
Proctophyllodes Rosin, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, LX VI, 1868, p. 786.
P. reticulifer TROUESSART 2nd NEUMANN, Bull. sci. France Belgique, XIX, 1886,
p- 371.—CANESTRINI, Das Tierreich, Lief. 7, 1899, p. 119.
MEGNINIA.
Meginia BERLESE, Acari, Myr. Scorp. Ital., fase. 4, 1884.
albida TyrRRELL, Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, no. 3, 1882, p. 46.
aculeatus HALieEr, Arch. f. Naturg., 1882, p. 55.
forcipatus Hauer, Arch. f. Naturg., 1882, p. 66.
gladiator Hater, Arch. f. Naturg., 1882, p. 65.
pici-majoris BucHHOoLz, Bemerk. Gatt., Dermaleichus, 1869, p. 45.
socialis Rosin and M&anin, Journ. Anat. Physiol., XIII, 1877, p. 511.
. tyrrelli Hatter, Arch. f. Naturg., 1882, p. 55.
BS SASAS
ANALGES.
Analges Nrvzscu. Ersch. and Gruber, Ency. Wiss. u. Ktinste, I, 1818, p. 250.
cremidonotus TROUESSART, Bull. Soc. Angers, XXVIII, 1899, p. 29.
. digitatus Hatter, Arch. f. Naturg., 1882, p. 52.
. longispinosus TyRRELL, Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, no. 8, 1882, p. 45.
. passerinus LINNuS, Syst. Nat., X, 1758, p. 616.
fringillarum Wocu, Crust. Myr. Arach. Deutsch., fasc. 33, 1848, pl. x11.
. pici-pubescentis Packarp, Amer. Nat., III, 1869, p. 493.
. tridentulatus Hatter, Arch. f. Naturg., 1882, p. 54.
. tyranni TYRRELL, Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, no. 8, 1882, p. 45.
>>> bbb b>
DIP MIRON SCSS US.
Pteronyssus Rosin, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, LXVI, 1868, p. 786.
simplex Haruer, Arch. f. Naturg., 1882, p. 68.
speciosus TYRRELL, ‘Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, no. 8, 1882, p. 47.
tyrrelli CANESTRINI, Das Tierreich, Lief. 7, 1899, p. 79.
fuscus TYRRELL, Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, no. 5, 1882, p. 48
(preoccupied ).
ode
BAL @iW ER ER:
Faleulifer RAtLLIET, Recueil, Méd. Vétér., 1896, p. 6.
F. rostratus BucHHoLz, Bemerk., Gatt. Dermaleichus, 1869, p. 14.
falciger M&GNIN, Journ. Anat. Physiol., XIII, 1877, p. 402 (Pteroli-
chus).
Hypodectes and Hypoderas spp. GARMAN, Amer. Nat., 1884, p. 450.—
KELLicoTT, Ins. Life, V, 1892, p. 77.—Warp, Psyche, VII, 1894, pp.
95-100; Science, 1902, p. 911, (No. 388).
No. 1553. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS. 619
Family LISTROPHORID 2.
SIOISUAOVGINIRUE Ol Se
Schizocarpus TROUESSART, C. R. Soc. Biol., Paris, XLVIII, 1896, p. 109.
S. mingaudi Trovessart, Bull. Sec. Ent. France, 1896, pp. 28, 95.
truncatum KRAMER, Zool. Anzeiger, 1896, p. 154 (Haptosona).
Family SARCOPTID A.
GCHORTO PGES:
Chorioptes GERVAIS, Gerv. et Van Bened., Zool. Méd., I, 1859, p. 463.
C. equi GERLACH, Kriitze, 1857, p. 103.
spathiferus MEGNIN, Parasit., 1880, p. 200.
communis var. equi LuGGER, 2nd Ann. Rept. State Entom. Minnesota,
1896, p. 76.
QirO ID CW Se
Otodectes CANESTRINI, Prosp. Acarof. Ital., VI, 1894, p. 726.
O. cynotis Herine, N. Acta. Acad. Leop., XVIII, 1838, p. 600; Ann. Soc. Ent.
France, 1849, p. XXXIV.
auricularum RAILUIET, Zool. Méd., (2), 18938, p. 676 (Chorioptes).
ecaudatus MEGNIN, Parasit., ISSO, p. 208 (Chorioptes).
NOTOEDRES.
Notoedres RAILLIET, Zool. Med. (2), 1895, p. 660.
N. cati Herine. N. Acta. Acad. Leop., XVIII, 1838, p. 605.—GrrLacH, Kriitze,
1857, p. 149.
notoedres var. cati MEGNIN, Parasit., 18SO0, p. 174.
minor var. cati TYRRELL, Proc. Can. Inst., I, 1883, p. 332.
minor LueGerR. 2nd Ann. Rept. Entom. Minnesota Expt. Stat., 1896, p. 61.
CNEMIDOCOPRTES:
Cnemidocoptes FURSTENBERG, Mt. Ver. Neu Vorpomm. u. Riigen, I1, 1870, p. 56.
C. galline RaILuiet, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XII, 1887, p. 182 (variety of C.
laevis).
C. mutans Rosin, Bull. Soc. Moscou, XX XIII, 1860, p. 184.—M@&anin., Parasit.,
LSSO polit: see
viviparus FURSTENBERG, Mt. Ver. Vorpomm., II, 1870, p. 56.
2nd Ann. Rept. Entom. Minnesota Expt. Stat., 1896, p. 63
LUGGER,
IP SOIRONP Il 1S).
Psoroptes GERVAIS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), XV, 1841, p. 9.
P. bovis GERLACH, Kriitze und Raube, 1857, p. 114.—Perers, Bull. No. 74,
Nebraska Agric. Exp. Station, 1902, pp. 5-10.
P. ovis Herne, N. Acta Acad. Leop., XVIII, 1838, p. 594.
longirostris var. ovis MEGNIN, Parasit., 1880, p. 192.
L.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
communis var. ovis Wonenee Maine ‘Eanes, Sheep, 1890, p. 56.—GIL-
LETTE, Can. Entom., 1899, p. 9.+-SPENCER, Bull. 124, Virginia Agric.
Exp. Sta., May, 1901, pp. 41-46.—KNowLgs, Journ. Comp. Med. Vet.
Archives, Philad., Oct., 1900.
SARC @P ARES:
Sarcoptes LATREILLE, Gen. Crust. Ins., I, 1806, p. 151.
canis GERLACH, Kriitze und Raube, 1857, p. 141.
equi GERLACH, Kriitzm, 1857, p. 72.—MEGNIN, Parasit., 1880, p. 164.—LuG-
q
GER, 2nd Ann. Rept. Hntom. Minnesota Exp. Stat., 1896, p. 59.—SPENCER,
Bull. 125, Virginia Agric. Exp. Sta., June, 1901, pp. 49-52, 2
figs.—
KNowLes, Journ. Comp. Med. Vet. Archives, Philad., Oct., 1900.—PETERS,
Bull. no. 74, Nebraska Agric. Exp. Station, 1902, pp. 1-27, 7 figs.
Family CYTOLEICHID.
LAMINOSIOPTES.
Laminosioptes MEGNIN, Paras. et Mal. par., 1880, p. 151.
cysticola VizioL1, Giorn. Anat. Fisiol., I, 1870, p. 257.
gallinarwn M&EGNIN, Parasit., 1880, p. ic.
CYANO NUMIAIC Sols,
Cytoleichus M&GNIN, Journ. Anat. et Physiol., XV, 1879, p. 150.
C. nudus Viziou1, Giorn. Anat. Fisio]., I, 1870, p. 257.
Ht
Bi
bY et tet be
sarcoptoides M&ra@nin, Parasit., 1880, p. 153.
Family ERIOPHYIDE.
ERO TENGE Ss:
Briophyes Sresoip, Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Kult., XXVIIT, 1850, p. 89.
. abnormis GARMAN, App. 12th Illinois Rept., 1883, p. 154.
aceris-crumena Ritry, Amer. Hntom. and Bot., I1, 1870, p. 339.
acericola GARMAN, App. 12th Illinois Rept., 1883, p. 155.
ovis M&anin, Parasit., 1880, p. 168.—CurtTicr, Anim, Parasit. Sheep, 1890,
p. 54.
. scabiei De Grrr, Mém. Hist. Ins., VII, 1778, p. 94.—MEGNIN, Parasit., 1880,
Dp: 169:
hominis Herine, N. Acta Acad. Leop., XVIII, 1838, p. 584.
scabieicrustosz FURSTENBERG, Kriitzm. Menschen u. Thiere, 1861, p. 212;
Insect Life, V, 1893, p. 283.
suis GERLACH, Kritze und Raube, 1857, p. 137.—Mrenin, Parasit., 1880,
p. 163.—Luacer, 2nd Ann. Rept. Entom. Minnesota Exp. Stat., 1896, p. 58.
enigma WaLsH, Proc. Amer. Entom. Soc., III, 1864, p, G08 (as Cecidomyia) ;
VI, 1868, p. 227.
. brevitarsus Fockru, Rey. biol. Nord. France, III, 1890, p. 3.
. eaulis Cook, 29th Ann. Rept. Geol. Indiana, 1904, p. 859.
fraxini GARMAN, App. 12th Illinois Rept., 1883, p. 156.
. malifoliz Parrorr, Bull. 283, New York Exp. Station, 1907, p. 512.
No. 1553. CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS. 621
E. nysseze Trorrer, Marcellia, II, 1905, p. 67.
E. phleocoptes NALEpPA, SB. Akad. Wien, XCIX, Math.-natur. Cl., 1890, p. 54.—
GARMAN, Ann. Rept. Kentucky Bur. Agric., 1894, p. 286.—SLINGERLAND, Can.
Wnt., Dee., 1895, pp. 329-831, 1 pl.
E. populi NAuepa, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wien, XCIX, Math. nat. Cl., 1890, p. 43.
E. pruni-crumena WatLsH, Ist Ann. Rept. Nox. Insects Illinois, 1868, p. 55.
(?) padi NALEPA, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. natur. Cl., XCIX,
1890, p. 55.
E. pyri PAGENSTECHER, Verh. Ver. Heidelberg, I, 1857, p. 48—GarRMAN, App. 12th
Illinois Rept., 1883, p. 140.—SLINGERLAND, Insect Life, V, 1892, p. 104; Bull.
No. 61, Cornell Agric. Exp. Sta., 1893, pp. 317-828.—Parrort, Bull. 283,
New York Exp. Station, 1907, p. 291.
EK. quadripes SHIMER, Trans. Amer. Hntom. Soc., II, 1869, p. 819.—GaARMAN, App.
12th Mlinois Rept., 1883, p. 135.
E. querci GARMAN, App. 12th Illinois Rept., 1888, p. 138.
E. ryderi BANKS, new species.—RybeErR, Amer. Nat., XIII, 1879, p. 704, fig.
E. salicicola GarMAN, App. 12th Illinois Rept., 1883, p. 138.
E. semen WaAtsuH, Proc. Amer. Entom. Soc., III, 1864, p. GOG6 (as Cecidomyia) ;
VI, 1868, p. 227.
EK. serotine BEUTENMULLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1V, 1892, p. 278.
cerasi-crumend WALSH, MSS., Ist Ann. Rept. Nox. Insects Illinois,
1868, p. 55.
E. thujze GARMAN, App. 12th Illinois Rept., 1883, p. 138.
K. tristriatus NALEPA, Anz. Akad. Wien, X XVI, 1889, p. 162.
E. ulmi GARMAN, App. 12th Hlinois Rept., 1888, p. 136.
KE. vitis LANpbors, Zeitsch. wiss. Zool., NIV, 1864, p. 353.—ForpeEs, 14th Rept.
State Entom. Illinois, 1885, p. 84; Ann. Rept. Dept. Agric. (Washington),
1887, p. 391.—BIoLerri, Bull. no. 136, California Agric. Exp. Station, 1901,
7 pp., 4 figs.
IPs NC IL JOG OPA MaS).
Phyllocoptes NALEPA, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-natur. Cl, XCVITII,
Pt 1, 1889. p. 116:
P. cornutus BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, VII, 1906, p. 141.
P. oleivorus ASHMEAD, Can. Hutom., 1879, p. 160.—TupBarpb, Orange Insects,
1885, p. 107.—Martattr, Yearbook U. 8S. Dept. Agric., 1900, p. 285.
P. schlechtendali NALEpPA, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-natur. Cl.,
XCIX, 1890, p. 62.—ParRrRoTT, Science, X XIII, 12 Jan., 1906, p. 73; Bull. 283,
New York Exp. Station, 1907, p. 314.
IDEM LID ER IME ROS)
Epitrimerus NALEPA, Das Tierreich, Lief. 4, Erioph., 1898, p. 61.
EK. piri NALEpA, Nova Acta Acad. Leop., LXI, 1894, p. 321.—Parrotrt, Science,
XXIII, 12 Jan., 1906, p. 73; Bull. 283, New York Exp. Station, 1907, p. 313.
CEHCTIDOB LTA:
Cecidobia BANKS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, VII, 1906, p. 141.
C. salicicola BanxKs, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, VII, 1906, p. 142.—NaLepa,
Marcellia, V, 1906, p. 124.
622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Family DEMODECID &.
DEMODEX.
Demoder OwEN, Lect. Invert. Anat., 1843, p. 252.
D. bovis STILES, Canad. Wntom., 1892, p. 286.
D. folliculorum Simon, Arch. Anat. Physiol. Med., 1842, p. 218 (Acarus).—
Mérenin, Parasit, 1880, p. 266.
hominis Lrypie, Arch. Naturg., XX V, 1859, p. 345.
D. phylloides Csoxor, Oesterr. Vierteljahrschrift. f. Veteriniirkunde, LI, 1879,
p. 188—WriGHT, Proc. Can. Inst. (3), I, 1883, p. 275.
Family UNKNOWN.
concolor HALDEMANN, Binney, Terr. Air-Breathing Mollusks U. S., II, 1851,
p. 107 (Hypopus). .
gryllaria Le Baron, 2nd Illinois Rept., 1871, p. 61 (Atomus).
odontalgiz Fircu, 14th New York Rept., 1871, p. 871 (/vodes). [Not an Ixodes.
Perhaps an Oribated nymph, or possibly something like Dermacarus in
Tyroglyphidze ; no Gamasid will fit.]
americanus RILEy, 6th Missouri Rept., 1874, p. 122 (Leptus).
irritans Ritey, 6th Missouri Rept., 1874, p. 122 (Leptus).
arane Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 80.—LrE Contr, HWdit., II, 1859, p. 23
(Leptus).
comata Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 82.—Le Contr, Edit., II, 1859, p. 23
(Ocypete).
hispus Say, Journ. Phil. Acad., II, 1821, p. 81.
(Leptus).
Lt Conte, Edit., II, 1859, p. 23
NO. 1558.
CATALOGUE OF THE ACARINA—BANKS.
NE Bie Xe
Acarellus=Tyroglyphus .....-.---
Actimneda— AmyStis == sa. oe ee see
A’eurobius=Tyroglyphus-.--...-
pAUlilami ail Ges Meee sary ere ye a cote See
PIN Dy OnaMa as as oss Sek eS ai
Ameronothus=Scutovertex
Ammonia=Cvta
ATRCW VERE oes GS ects 5 te eee
Angelia=Nothrus
Anoetus= Histiostoma
Antennophorus= Echinomegistus.-
AMUTAnIA—=ATTENULUS: sess -26 2
PNIMMGuicempeees t Sh ot se ioe eee
IAT PNY Pe EI ELE a
PACER GT UITU Site sys ye ete ee ge
AS CALS — by roe lyse esse ase
Atax
Brady bates—Thyas-s-.+- 2224.2. .
Brevipalpus=Tenuipalpus - .-- ~~.
Bryobia
Wreculls es. e ce we phe Sea = re 2 5
Ceepophagus=Rhizoglyphus ~.__-
(PavaA DOMES: Saeco a as. ESS
Carpais—=Gamasus-.-.-..-...-.-..-
WanporlypNuse sce. cS Soe
WECINO DIA res Sete A eos Sart
Cecidoptes=Eriophyes ..........
(eleeniena siete ert et 8 NE Le
Cellulania—Falewliferss.-2. 22225.
Cepheus=Tegeocranus. ........-
Ceratiadegsecar te gern So Ne ps
Cie VICtuske ese sees ee oe ee
Chorioptes
Oil aes rie eee ae bs
Claviceps=Galumna
CrieMIGdGEOpLes 4 .ces aceite = aes
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Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07—40
Cochleophorus=Neumania. - --- - -
Wurvipes—Piondesaaoss. 2 292.55
Dymibseremaeus:. 56 22.205 92.22. 2
Cyta
Cytodites=Cytoleichus ----- ees
OytOleic lis ere ae ses nee lars fe
Damaeus=Oribata
Demod exw ae ets e ss eer a t
Dermacentor st.ce so ste Ss
Dermaleichus=Analges...__.__--
Dermanyssg cass tsar a yur ee
Dermatophagus=Chorioptes -__- -
Dimorphus=Megninia.........--
Dinvchusty eae s sce sooner eS
Wiseopoma—Cilliba= ss. 32. ese
DIS PaKipPeses see hss ey ee ee
Distigmatus=Tetranychus -.__-.-
Wehinamecistus22+52 2-05-02 -0
HpitnimMmeniiseaa os 222 ea oe
HF REMCCUS ian cae eee Seer eaten
IW ELOp My.egiey me: | ae a hie,
Erythracarus=Erythreeus....----
iHiy BEES eye See eer
HipaltisGasce eee ee ean eas Se
Odessa sa sere e ee ine ne ee
JOS GUIS) Sea ees onera a Rane ee
Hal culitenespc = emer ete Acie
Freyana
Galumna
GamaSusss sana <6. eee eeeoone es
Gekobia
Glyciphagus
Glycyborus=Glyciphagus. .....--
Goniomerus= Psorergates - - ------
Gymnobates
Heemaphysalis
Heemogamasus
ileal oracGhinetns sees sass ec ce
Haptosoma=Schizocarpus -------
Harpirhynchus
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Hemialges=Megninia -....------
Ilemisancopbes meses eae a
Elenmanni aie eee sess
Heteronychus=Tetranychus - - - --
Heteropus=Pediculoides- ---- -- --
Histiogaster=Monieziella --.-..--.
StlOstomane sense ee ee ee eee
Holostaspis=Macrocheles. - -- ----
Homopus=Glyciphagus ---------
Eoplodenma) psa ees. e ere =a
Hoplophora=Hoploderma - - - ----
Hoplopud—Czecullust 222 eee sea
Hel diac nn aes eae
Ehyerobates\-ao2e=. eens eee ee
Ey poaspis—lncelaps eee eee
Hiypodectes—Halculitenseea-= a= =
Hypoderas=Falculifer -...-....--
Hypopus=Tyroglyphus-.......--
RxOd C9. 22 ces 5 es ee enone ee
Kochia—INotaspisie=ssseseeseeee-
IOenikeaies (ate etreeioes ora”
Krameria—-Pterolichus 222525----
Krendowskia; 225222 222-2 -s--=-
[sselapsws3 3. aso ee se ese sees
Baminosiopteses— esses = === see eere
eébextiay 4-2. eioac eee ee se
Leiognathus=Liponyssus - -------
Weiosoma—lhiacarus) s.ee=e= eee
Leptus—rombidiam==----=--5-=
WTACahUS 20 eee eter ee een ee
ias—leediculoidesss====se== eee
iimnesians ote sere weer a=
IsimMMeSiO PSS noes ee eee ae eee
imam canes = see eee ae
ILinopodest: 2 Ss sateeeeee cee
liodes—Neolliodes=sss== sees eaa=
Tiponyssusi- oe eee aoe
GITOAS DIS hae pee a ee eee
Macrocheles ees ss See eee eee
MarearOpUSine ace soo ses ae seas
Megamerus=Eupodes -..-.---.-.----
Meoniniaas se see ee eee ae
Michaelichus=Freyana...-..----
Microspalax—Preyana=2s-2252---
IMicronrontb rahi s= eee
Mideopsiss+225. 222 7eeeroossorsees
Moloeus—6dellay a= s=e ses ee
Monieziellar. aA ons see ee eee
Murcia=Galumna
Myobia 262285. st ccs eka cere ee
INajadicolaeaseeee ee eee ee eee
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INeOliOdeS:.2< 32.22 eee e eee eee
Neoohyllobius 22252-65252 -6 Berrys
Neumania: +e... 7-teeess eee eer
Nodipalpus=Histiostoma .--.----
Normenia—Rhagidia sess ase
D) = wicle we ew we ee ewe ese = ea =
INOLGEU NES Keene ee oe eee
INotophalluss 3 asase tessa
Oligonychus=Tetranychus. ------
OpPia el As wae See eee ee pee
Oribatajcou: Soo. 6. Cees eee
Oribatellai5s2 Sa. Ses
Oribatodes!. 222 3-5 Stee se eee
Oribatulais 2-22 32 sce oe eee
Ornithodorosssseeseeee eee
Otodectés\ 2 ves ee
Ottonia=Microtrombidium ..----
Oustaletia=Pterolichus ...-._----
PaniSugetss sso ee ee ee
Parasitus—Gamasiceysae= sear
Rediculoidece eases ee
Petrobia—Bryobias=s--2-4---—-o——
Phthinacarus eee ee eee
Phycobius=Carpoglyphus --.-----
Phyllocoptes=: 2 -=s-pee. eee
Phyllostoma=Histiostoma -------
Physogaster=Pediculoides - ..----
Pbytoptus—Eriophyes_--=--- ===
Picobia—Syringophilus ...---.---
Pigmiecophorus 22.22.22 2st eee
Piona= 22 ee eee ee
Porrhostaspis=Gamasus -.-------
Proctophyllodes==e2s=— >see see
Pseudalloptes=Pterolichus. .-----
Psorereates <2 Sesoac. 0a ieee
| Psoroptes 2 222.25 5225-2eee se eee
610 |
Rterolichus)22-— a. == eee
P{ErOnySSUS.222 5 oe. =e oS eee
Pteroptusiecs a ecatee eee eee
RaWlhetiataess aes) eee ores
Rhacidiajt 22a. Se. eee ees
Rhipistoma=Hzemaphysalis -----
IRAQIS — so esaascessoecoss
Sarcopterus=Harpirhynclvis. . - --
SAT COP LES See ee ete a eka ee ee
Schizocarpusinos=e- es -=eee ee eee
SCN Sse 23s) Be See eer eee
Scutacarus=Tyroglyphus -.-.----
SCULOVERtGX a jane ear
VOL, XXXII.
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NO. 1553.
Scyphius—Hhagidiaiesss-<--c-s--
Sermlus—Selsssseancme-esiese esas.
Seius
Serrator=Histiostoma ..._.-..-.---
Simonea—DWemodex 22225-2256. --
NILCTOPteS see taaseece - 611
Wiropeddrss eae ome eee seer te es 611
IN YStONOtUM ee sc aceon eee | G02
Actes —Galuinindensen ses see ee eee 611
A NEW HORNED RODENT FROM THE MIOCENE OF
KANSAS.
By James WILirAMs GIDLEY,
Of the Department of Geology, United States National Museum.
In 1902¢ Dr. W. D. Matthew described a new and most interesting
Mylagaulid rodent, Ceratogaulus rhinocerus, from the middle Miocene
beds at Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. The genus is especially distinguished
by a pair of well developed horncore-like processes situated on the nasal
bones, a most unexpected and unique character for a rodent and
entirely unknown prior to Matthew’s discovery.
While recently unpacking some boxes of Miocene fossils, which for
a number of years have been stored away in the United States National
Museum, a second specimen was found, representing a new but
closely related genus in which nasal horns are even more prominently
developed than in Ceratogaulus. This specimen, a nearly complete
skeleton, was originally obtained by the late Mr. John Bell Hatcher,
while collecting fossils for Prof. O. C. Marsh under the auspices of
the United States Geological Survey, in 1885. It comes from the
upper Miocene beds near Long Island, Kansas. Although obtained
so long ago, the specimen when found had apparently not been
unpacked since arriving from the field and was probably never
examined by Marsh.
With this more complete material it is now possible to confirm some
of Matthew’s conclusions regarding the association of the material
described by him, to determine more definitely the affinities of the
family Mylagaulide, and to give a more complete knowledge of the
osteological characters of this little known but interesting group of
rodents.
I have been greatly aided in the preparation of this paper by having
for comparison all the Mylagaulid material in the American Museum
of Natural History collection, which was generously placed at my dis-
posal through the kindness of Prof. Henry F. Osborn and Dr. W. D.
Matthew.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXXII—No. 1554.
628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII,
Family MYLAGAULID Cope.
This family was not well characterized by Cope, owing to the insuf-
ficient material known to him, but with the discovery of better speci-
mens it has since been more adequately defined by Doctor Matthew as
follows, in part: @
The characters amply confirm Prof. Cope’s separation of it as the type of a dis-
tinct family. Its place is among the Sciuromorpha, but without close relationship
to the other Sciuromorph families, the nearest being the Sciuride. * * * The
antorbital foramen is close to the zygomata, as in Meniscomys, instead of considerably
anterior to it as in most modern rodents. * * * The family distinctions from
the Sciuridze are the great enlargement of the fourth premolar in the lower jaw and
of a corresponding tooth in the upper one, with reduction and final disappearance
of the teeth posterior to it, and the tendency to hypsodont teeth with closed enamel
lakes.
To these characters may be added another, distinctive of the family,
namely, the location of the origin of the long curved incisor of the
lower jaw, which is situated within the coronoid process.
EPIGAULUS, new genus.
Generic characters.—More specialized throughout than any other
Mylagaulid hitherto described. True molars much more reduced
than in Ceratogaulus, with a corresponding increase in size of the
large grinding premolars. Premolars and probably molars com-
pletely surrounded by a band of cement which is a functional part of
the tooth. Nasal horn cores placed much farther back than in Cera-
togaulus, their posterior borders being on a line with the anterior
borders of the orbits. Nasals extend correspondingly farther back to
a point nearly opposite the posterior border of the orbits.
Type of genus.—Epigaulus hatcheri.
EPIGAULUS HATCHERI, new species.
Type.—A nearly complete skeleton (Cat. No. 5485, U.S.N.M.). From
the upper Miocene beds’, near Long Island, Phillips County, Kansas.
Specific characters.—Size somewhat larger than any species of the
Mylagaulide described. Horn cores high and pointed, their height
equaling one-third the entire length of the skull. Width of occiput
greater than that of the zygomatic arches. Enamel lakes in the pre-
molars numerous, seven in number in the upper and nine in the lower
in the type. Fore limb and foot highly modified for digging, the foot
being armed with heavy, compressed claws of great length. Hind
foot long and slender, with the outer two digits, [V and V, the heav-
@Memoirs Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., I, Pt. 7, 1901, p. 377.
According to Hatcher’s field label: ‘‘From a calcareous sand layer 10 feet above
the bone layer.’’ The bone layer referred to is the famous quarry near Long Island,
Kansas, which has yielded such quantities of Teleoceras remains.
No, 1554. A NEW HORNED RODENT—GIDLEY. 629
iest. Tibia greatly moditied and twisted laterally, throwing the long
axis of the foot inward at nearly a right angle to the fore-and-aft plane
of the leg.
Measurements for comparison with those given by Matthew for Ceratogaulus.
Mm.
keno thtoies kul eres emai ser weet Sekt oe seer ees hee eseet Seer cee 80
\AAWGIGH oY EVN NG) TURE AG a ee Aes a ae ee a et ar ee ee 64
WGI CH @OCH Os ces Bee = eee ee a ee ae ae epee 15
IB(@naa ate. GE lOONAAL CONE Cee oc Boe es ces SS aoe Seo eee See See Seon sn eens ees 32,
ene tle otmaonneconerail ace aa ees ota aaa tere rye nee ae ee nai teers See ee 17
ConjomedsyiGtihvolshorn CONG ses eeeneeee assoc ses Seer ene aee eee 28
Waidtihracrosshpostorbitall processesiol fromtalg2-=2--=---5-2------ +2 e 2-22 seek 27
Width across postorbital ridges (at narrowest point)....---..--.....---.------ 20
Wenthrorzycomaticarch beneath orbits 525.2022 520l2s-cse secs sce gasses 10
ILS Ck CHARTS, osc Gasen o (GABE On Sao ao eos NER enem Sree een Soenes eae 23
[cenothsotatmneesuppemcheekatecthme sa sseee ee osone eee cree se aes eee 20
lEene theo isu peiapame aac aa ss ae tee oe eee = Se aeons Selene seine eas 13
NISC ony Nes Ho OVS a aS I Ns ee ads ea a 8
IL@myss lover WOOTEN eo Seen boc] See te coe ee aoe tee eee rie ree 62
Mepionlowerjaw: beneath molars- 225-22. s 546 Sones bet ek c Shek 19
Eleiehtvot lower jaw, angle tortip of coronoid process: 5. ....2.-.25-:1-2-2-sss-< 44
kenetingotahneelowemceneek teethes- 2s 2n- a | SORE Ee Sal ee ane
ELOLOLIMURLO VCRTULO Skane essen eaaccal | | ee Ne USGe ee “ge 1) | \Seeoe aaron Faas eee
Labidodemas semperianum. .-.-=~-<+-<---|--22--0-<- ilocesccocenl| 600.4 7 lENeerEeaGle oe qeeeeoe
SHC LO DRUSIG LOT ORLOLOS taste eters cee arta) a GE Np) Fee ek Unt eee Bc po eee
SOU OURS UC AUTNIS ot Baacee aeeoesesedoacd||seesaconec|| 6 ) allesseeeeane east Seealiee oyerreeete
SWAT POMC AERA Oia ce Seceeoeecccoeeced| =. So |) S¢ Secausceogl vce ML une ee Seale
LB THY DG), COCK ON PR! cosacopcascedasaucavoacel||) oS) ||) “SG” |bseaeeness|s f eso Ia tees ee ee
a Also reported from north and east coasts of South Ameriea. b Society Islands.
It is hazardous to undertake to do more than indicate in a general
way the relationships of the bathybial fauna, because some of the
species are obscure and the identification of their nearest relatives is
almost a matter of assumption. It is probably true that we have not,
as yet, sufficient data upon which to map with any degree of accuracy
the faunal relationships of deep-sea holothurians. The bottom of the
ocean has been no more than scratched in a few places. Such forms
as Bathyplotes patagiatus, Peelopatides retifer, Scotodeima vitreum,
and Leetmogone biserialis appear to find their nearest relatives in the
deep waters of the Kast Indies. Orphnurgus insignis has a related |
species in the Bay of Bengal (Q. glaber Walsh), and another (0.
aspera 'Théel) in the West Indies (Sombrero, British West Indies).
Mesothuria carnosa shows great similarity in most of its characters to
M. intestinalis of northern Europe, and JZ verrilli of the Azores and
warmer waters of Europe. Punnychia pallida is closely related to
P. moseleyt of Australia and Protankyra albatrossi to P. challengeri
of the Fiji Islands. /’seudostichopus propinquus seems nearest. Pseu-
dostichopus mollis, from Marion Island, southern Indian Ocean, and
from the west coast of South America, near the southern end. Anapta
inermes is distantly related to A. subtilis, bay of Batavia, and Chiridota
12 goye, IN), ING Aol, xo y/——
640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
uniserialis to C. purpurea and C. pisanii from the Falkland Islands
and Chonos Archipelago, respectively. Dredging was not carried into
water deep enough to secure many of the characteristic abyssal types
which undoubtedly must occur in the region. Only two of the deep-
water forms are referable to previously known species. These are
Mesothuria murrayi and M. parva, the former having been taken in
the East Indies, near the Azores, off the Straits of Gibraltar, and near
Juan Fernandez, and the latter from near Admiralty Island.
SYNOPSIS OF HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS.
(Those marked with an asterisk (*) were not taken by the Albatross
expedition. )
Order ACTINOPODA Ludwig.
Family Hotoraurups® Ludwig.
Subfamily HoLornurin® Ludwig.
Genus Actinopyga Bronn. ,
Actinopyga parvula (Selenka).
nobilis* (Selenka).
obesa (Selenka).
mauritiana (Quoy and Gaimard).
Genus Folothuria Linneeus.
Holothuria paradoxa (Selenka).
kapiolanix* (Bell).
cinerascens (Brandt).
pervicax Selenka.
atra Jiiger.
monacaria* (Lesson).
vagabunda* Selenka.
humilis®* Selenka.
fusco-rubra Théel.
arenicola Semper.
pardalis Selenka.
inhabilis®* Selenka.
impatiens (Forskal).
verrucosa* Selenka.
hawatiensis, new species.
anulifera, new species.
Jusco-olivacea, new species.
Genus Labidodemas Selenka.
Labidodemas semperianum*® Selenka.
Genus Stichopus Brandt.
Stichopus chloronotos Brandt.
tropicalis, new name.
Subfamily SynauLactina® Ludwig.
Genus Mesothuria Ludwig.
Mesothuria carnosa, new species.
murray (Théel).
parva (Théel).
Genus Bathyplotes Ostergren.
Bathyplotes patagiatus, new species.
Wt aie)
To ee
DS hg GE? tir OTR PES re P
POS CAE al
Le eal
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 641
Genus Pseudostichopus Théel.
Pseudostichopus propinquus, new species.
Genus Pelopatides Théel.
?-xlopatides retifer, new species.
Family Evprmup# Théel.
Subfamily Dematin»® (Théel) Ludwig.
Genus Scotedeima Ludwig.
Scotodeima vitreum, new species.
Genus Orphnurgus Théel.
Orphnurgus insignis, new species.
Genus Letmogone Théel.
Leetmogone biserialis, new species.
Letmogone, species.
Genus Pannychia Théel.
Pannychia pallida, new species.
Family Cucumartipa® Ludwig.
Subfamily Cucumariin® R. Perrier.
Genus Thyonidium Diiben and Koren.
Thyonidium hawatiense, new species.
alexandri, new species.
Subfamily Psotinx R. Perrier.
Genus Psolus Oken.
Psolus macrolepis, new species.
Order PARACTINOPODA Ludwig.
Family Synartrp#® Burmeister.
Genus Synaptula Orsted.
Synaptula kefersteinii (Selenka).
Genus Huapta Ostergren.
Euapta godeffroyi (Semper).
Genus Opheodesoma, new genus.
Opheodesoma spectabilis, new species.
Genus Protankyra Ostergren.
Protankyra albatrossi, new species.
Genus Anapta Semper.
Anapta inermis, new species.
Genus Chiridota Eschscholtz.
Chiridota hawatiensis, new species.
uniserialis, new species.
Genus Teeniogyrus Semper.
Teeniogyrus, species.
The nineteen species believed to be new are as follows:
Holothuria hawatiensis. Pannychia pallida,
Holothuria anulifera. Thyonidium hawatiense.
Holothuria fusco-olivacea. Thyonidium alexandri.
Mesothuria carnosa. Psolus macrolepis.
Bathyplotes patagiatus. Opheodesoma. spectabilis.
seudostichopus propinquus. Protankyra albatrossi.
Pelopatides retifer. Anapta inermis.
Scotodeima vitreum. Chiridota wniserialis.
Orphnurgus insignis. Chiridota hawatiensis.
Letmogone biserialis.
642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII,
A new name, Stichopus tropicalis, is used to replace ‘*Stichopus
godeffroy?, variety b,” this so-called variety being here considered a
distinct species, as explained in the description of that form.
Species previously known but now for the first time recorded from
the Hawaiian group are:
Actinopyga parvula. Mesothuria parva.
Holothuria arenicola. Euapta godeffroyi.
Mesothuria murrayt.
Previously reported species secured by the fisheries steamer
Albatross:
Actinopyga obesa. Holothuria fusco-rubra.
Actinopyga mauritiana. Holothuria pardalis.
Holothuria paradoxa. FHolothuria impatiens.
Holothuria cinerasens. Stichopus tropicalis.
Holothuria pervicax. (=Stichopus godeffroy: var. b, of authors. )
Holothuria atra. Synaptula kefersteimit.
Species recorded from the Hawaiian Islands, but not taken by the
fisheries steamer A/batross:
Actinopyga nobilis. Folothuria inhabilis.
Holothuria kapiolanie. Holothuria verrucosa.
Holothuria monacaria. Labidodemas semperianum.
Holothuria vagabunda, Stichopus chloronotos.
Holothuria humilis.
All the known species of Hawaiian holothurians have been included
in the keys in this report, and short diagnoses of those not taken by
the fisheries steamer A/batross are inserted in the proper place, but
are marked in all cases by an asterisk (*). It is believed that this
method will render the report more useful to the general naturalist,
since literature on the subject is often inaccessible. The various lists
will prevent confusion concerning the species actually secured by the
expedition of 1902.
I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Wilfred H. Osgood,
of the Bureau of Biological Survey, and to Miss Mary J. Rathbun,
of the U. S. National Museum, for looking up references which were
not accessible to me; and to Dr C. H. Gilbert, of Stanford University,
and Dr. Hubert Lyman Clark, of the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy,
for advice on several matters. Dr. Clark has also kindly looked over
the page proofs.
While correcting the galley proofs I received Koehler and Vaney’s
important memoir entitled An Account of the Deep-See Holothuriodea
collected by the Royal Indian marine survey ship /nvestigator. So
far as possible I have taken account of Koehler and Vaney’s species in
the descriptions of the A/batross material. It has not, at this late hour,
been possible to accord to this work the space and attention that it
deserves.
NO. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 6438
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.
Class OL OTAURIOIDEA.
KEY TO FAMILIES AND GENERA OF HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIOIDEA.
With pedicels or papillee or both. All ambulacral appendages arise from the
radial canals, appearing as a circle of tentacles about the mouth, and as pedicels
or papillee, or both, over rest of body.................---- Order AcTINoPoDA.
b. Tentacles more or less peltate. No retractor muscles.
Respinatonyoirees present: 2... oo. sec eh acs eve eccace ce. HoLornurirp.x.
d. Tentacle ampullee well developed. Madreporic canals often numerous,
never attached to body wall. Vascular system forming a rete mirable in
connection with left respiratory tree.................... HoLorHurtin..
Genital tubes in a tuft on left side of dorsal mesentery.
ee McdateehhephOseMt Se ei art ees ek hoe, as ey ACTINOPYGA.
ij. Anal teeth absent.
g- Ambulacral appendages scattered over whole body and usually with-
out arrangement in rows; less commonly arranged in longitudinal
bandsron wentral-surface 4622 2c2d5e5 2.2 cen 8 bo Ho.ornurra,.
gg. Ambulacral appendages only on the radii, and in double rows
LABIDODEMAS.
ee. Gonad in aright and left tuft, no anal teeth; pedicels on the 3d ventral
radii, mostly in longitudinal bands, Dorsal surface with papillee, often
CTT EEE EST Al SS ae Be AA po, ae eee oe eS STICHOPUS.
dd. No free tentacle ampullee. Madreporic canal single and usually in con-
nection with body wall; only exceptionally a rete mirabile present.
SYNALLACTINE.
e. Genital tubes only in a left tuft. ee not in a vertical furrow. Ventral
surface somewhat flattened. Ambulacral appendages in form of many
small scattered pedicels, usually largest on lateral ventral ambulacra.
: MersorHurtra.
ee. Gonad in a right and left tuft.
f. Anus in a vertical furrow. Pedicels and_papille unusually small,
those of dorsum nearly rudimentary; pedicels of lateral ventral
ambulacra more prominent than rest. Deposits often wanting.
PSEUDOSTICHOPUS.
Jf. Anus not in a furrow, terminal or subdorsal. Body more or less
depressed, usually with a border or brim.
gue -shapedideposits present. 24.26 0.5 oase ce ccc ac ocak BATHYPLOTES.
gg. No C-shaped deposits. Pedicels only on middle and hinder part of
midventral radius; deposits often wanting ....__._- P.&LOPATIDES.
Respiratory trees absent. No rete mirabile. No tentacle ampulle. Dorsal
surface with large papillee, ventral with very large pedicels, always in rows.
Madreporic canal opening to exterior. Deep-sea forms ....-.- [LPIDIrD®.
d. In the stiff skin neither wheels nor tables. Above the pedicels of lateral
ventral radii a series of large flank-papille.
e. Pedicels of ventrolateral radii in two series; remarkably long flank and
dorsal papillie; papillee of dorsal radii in two series; deposits very large
X and Y shaped rods, and in papille very long simple rods perforated
Ste a AUB Veniraliem perce eee et be et SU ScoToDEIM A.
ee. Pedicels of ventrolateral radii in a single series, those of dorsal in either
one or two series. Deposits, large crowded spiny rods and spiny ellip-
S00 OS rte i OP Ie Oa Re a ORPHNURGUs.
644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
dd. Skin more pliable, with many wheels. Flank papillee small or absent.
é. Midventral radius without pedicels. .......----..--.------- L&TMOGONE.
ee. Midventral radius with two rows of pedicels........-.....- PANNYCHIA.
bb. Tentacles dendroid. Retractor muscles present .....-..------- CucUMARIID.®.
c. Tentaeles 20, five pairs of large alternating with five pairs of very much smaller
ones. No large scales on dorsal surface, which always has scattered pedi-
(2) | ere eens Serta oer Aes eae ace aaa odascodes THYONIDIUM.
ce. Tentacles 10; ventral surface flattened, forming a creeping sole on which
pedicles are arranged in two or three longitudinal bands. Dorsal surface
with large scale-like plates which imbricate; no dorsal pedicels. Mouth
and anus dorsal, often guarded by large plates or valves._...--.-- Psouts.
aa. No pedicels or papillee, and no respiratory trees. Tentacles arise only partly
from radial canals, and partly from ring canal.
Order PARACTINOPODA, SYNAPTID®.
b. Caleareous deposits in the skin consisting of anchors and perforated plates.
c. Anchor arms smooth, without serrations; vertex with minute knobs; anchor
plates symmetrical.
d. Handle of anchors with branches; cartilaginous ring absent, or present.
e. Caleareous ring without anterior projections; madreporic canal single
(never many); cartilaginous ring absent; handle of anchor plates with
2 large and several small smooth holes...-....--......------ KUAPTA.
ee. Calcareous ring with conspicuous anterior projections; numerous madre-
poric bodies; cartilaginous ring sometimes present; 2 large holes in
handlerot anchor, platestabsentaes2- eee sees eee eee OPHEODESOMA.
dd. Cartilaginous ring present; handle of anchor without branches.
SYNAPTULA.
cc. Arms of anchor usually serrate; anchor plates asymmetrical, the circumfer-
ence uneven or incomplete; not narrowed into a handle; tentacles digi-
CAG ee ae ee Sale ye ee ee ee ee ee eee PROTANKYRA.
bb. Calcareous deposits never anchors and plates, but wheels with six spokes,
S-shaped rods, small C-shaped rods or simple rods, sometimes oval grains;
sometimes wanting.
c. Deposits absent (sometimes present as oval grains)......------------ ANAPTA.
cc. In addition to wheels collected in little heaps, often small curved, C-shaped,
or straight rods, smooth, rough, or parted at tips; no sigmoid bodies.
CHIRIDOTA.
cec. Sigmoid rods present; sometimes also wheels, either in heaps or scattered.
T ®NIOGYRUS.
Order ACTINOPODA Ludwig, 13891
Family HOLOTHURIIDA Ludwig.
Holothuriide Lupwia, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XVII, 1894, p. 7.
Subfamily HOLOTHURIIN 44 Ludwig.
Genus ACTINOPYGA Bronn.
2900
Milleria © J&axEr, Dissertatio de Holothuriis, 1833.
Actinopyga Bronn, Klassen u. Ordnungen des Thierreichs, 1860.
a Notwithstanding the fact that Mii/leria Jiger is at least three times preoccupied
(Férussae, 1823, mollusea; Desmarest, 1825, crustacea; Fleming, 1828, echinoderma,
according to Agassiz’s Index Universalis), some of the leading authorities still
employ the name, although Professor Bell pointed out the error in Ann. Nat. His.,
(5) XX, p. 148.
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER., 645
The following is Théel’s description:
Tentacles 20 to 27. Ambulacral appendages in the shape of pedicels on the ven-
tral surface and papillee on the dorsal. Seldom an arrangement of pedicels in longi-
tudinal series visible. A single genital bundle present, situated on left side of dorsal
mesentery. Anus surrounded by five calcareous teeth. No C-shaped deposits in the
body wall.
KEY TO HAWAIIAN SPECIES OF ACTINOPYGA.
a. Among the deposits, tables.
b. Tentacles 20; calcareous deposits crowded tables (the spire of which is truncate,
quadrate, armed with numerous teeth) and large, smooth buttons with six to
eight holes ordinarily, but exceptionally four or five and as high as thirteen.
parvula,
bb. Tentacles 20; calcareous deposits thinly scattered tables, the spire terminating
in sixteen to twenty teeth, and hollow fenestrated ellipsoids forming a thick
lORWEP 2 = GosbeoeEdcioaadau aaa GonanscGd HuOGUSeOnUNE pe cooHUbobeSsEEEcgee nobilis.
aa. Deposits chiefly rods; no tables.
b. Tentacles 20; deposits finely granulated, simple rods..........----.-- ..-obesa.
bb. Tentacles 25; deposits in dorsal integument rods, with small processes running
out at the sides and with ends spinous or dichotomous; in the ventral peri-
some small, smooth, oval grains and larger, smooth, unbranched rods with
thegendsrshiointlyenoug nee = ser = es a eee ec tee aon mauritiana.
ACTINOPYGA PARVULA (Selenka).
Plate LX VII, figs. 2, 2a-g9.
Miilleria parvula SELENKA, Beitrige zur Anatomie u. Systematik der Holothurien,
Zeitschr. f, Wiss. Zool., X VII, 1867, p. 314, pl. xvu, figs. 17-18.
Body elongate ovoid, robust, but much contracted. Tentacles
retracted, but mouth apparently somewhat ventral; anus terminal,
surrounded by five small caleareous teeth. Tentacles 20 to 21, peltate,
medium sized, rather crowded. Ventral surface well marked from
dorsal, covered with pedicels of conspicuous size which are not
arranged in definite order. Papillee of dorsum much less numerous,
without order, and contracted so that their size is not at once apparent.
They seem to be slightly smaller than the pedicels and are without
terminal plates. Integument thick, minutely roughened by the spires
of the densely crowded tables. Deposits: Very numerous tables and
buttons; the former with a central and about eight peripheral smaller
holes and a well-developed spire terminating in a subquadrate crown
of numerous (about thirty-six) teeth; the latter large, smooth, pierced
by six to eight irregular holes. Pedicels and papille with perfo-
rated supporting plates and rods. The color in alcohol is very dark
brown. Length of largest individual, much contracted, 40 mm. ;
width, 28 mm.
Localities.—Napili, Maui (2); Necker Island ¢ (6); Honolulu, rees
(2); Laysan, reef (8).
Although the specimens are badly contracted it is evident that the
crown of tentacles is surrounded by a collar, perhaps not so prominent
646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
as in A. mauritiana. The pedicels continue to the very edge of the
collar, on which the papille are larger than over rest of dorsum.
Superficially the retracted papille resemble pedicels, but since there
appears to be no perforated terminal plate such as is well developed
in the pedicels, they are not to be ranked with the latter. The sup-
porting rods and plates are, however, well developed toward the top
of the papille. (See below.)
The calcareous ring has no posterior prolongations, but anteriorly is
deeply scalloped. The exact shape is best shown by the figure. (Plate
LXVII, fig. 27.) There are two large Polian vesicles and one short,
twisted, madreporic canal embedded in the dorsal mesentery. The
madreporic body is prominent and les on the left side of the mesen-
tery. The gonad is still small, and forms a tuft on the left side of the
mesentery, behind the madreporic canal. Left branch of respiratory
tree much longer than right. Cuvierian organs relatively large.
Both tables and buttons are very numerous in the perisome, the
edges of the fornier overlapping, or at least touching. The buttons
which lie beneath the tables also imbricate irregularly. The disk
of the tables is 0.08 to 0.09 mm. in diameter and is pierced by eight
peripheral holes and a central larger one. Frequently there are sev-
eral small accessory perforations. Rim is smooth, slightly undulating;
the spire is robust, and is made up of four upright pieces slightly flar-
ing at the crown, which isarmed with numerous teeth, whose arrange-
ment is best shown by the figures. Buttons are large, smooth, and
vary considerably in size, but average 0.1 mm. in length. They are
broadly elliptical and the six or eight holes are rather small in propor-
tion to the whole button. Many of the buttons are rather wider in
proportion to length than the figures here given. Some buttons have
five holes, and a few four or nine. Occasionally a button is incomplete,
a portion of the outer rim being wanting. Supporting rods and plates,
two types of which are figured (Plate LX VII, fig. 27), are abundant
in the walls of the pedicels and papillae, where also tables are present.
The rods and plates grade into large buttons in the proximal portion
of the pedicels and papille. In the pedicels the plates are more abun-
dant than the supporting rods and are slightly larger than those in the
papille, averaging 0.15 to 0.20 mm. longest dimension, although
smaller ones are present. There are also very large buttons in the
pedicels with twelve or thirteen holes. The terminal perforated plate
of the pedicels is well developed and measures 0.5 mm. in diameter,
the perforations about 0.015 mm.
This species is a shore form, inhabiting tide pools in lava rock
and on coral reefs. Since the gonad is still very small the specimens
are probably immature, as their size would suggest. This wide rang-
ing form, which Bedford” believes includes flavocastanea, is found in
@ Proc. Zool. Soc., 1898.
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIA NS—FISHER. 647
the Atlantic (Florida, Madeira), Red Sea (Kosseir), and over the
greater part of the Indo-Pacific region (Seychelles Islands to Samoan,
and Hawaiian Islands.)
* ACTINOPYGA NOBILIS (Selenka).
Holothuria (subgen. Microthele) maculata Braxpr, Prodr., 1835, p. 54. (Not to be
confused with Sporadipus (Acolpos) maculatus Brandt, Prodr., 1835, p. 46,
which is //olothuria arenicola Semper. )
Milleria nobilis SELENKA, Zeit. fur Wiss. Zoologie, NX VII, 1867, p. 313, pl. xvn,
figs. 13-15.
This species is attributed to the Hawaiian Islands by Selenka, but is
not present in the collection brought home by the fisheries steamer
Albatross. The following diagnosis is from Théel?s monograph, page
LOS:
Color almost black, speckled with lighter tint. Dorsal papillee more thinly scat-
tered than the ventral pedicels, and of about the same size or smaller than these. In
the contracted state the dorsal surface seems to have some low procuberances, espe-
cially along the sides of the body. The anal teeth are small and surrounded by tive
groups of papille, each group corresponding in position with a tooth. The tables
are thinly scattered, consisting of an irregularly rounded disk with smooth undulated
margin and pierced by a large central and several smaller peripheral holes; the spire,
formed by four rods and one transverse beam, terminates in twenty or more teeth.
(Teeth as few as 16.) The hollow fenestrated ellipsoids form a thick layer.
ACTINOPYGA OBESA (Selenka).
Plate LXVII, fig. 3.
Mitlleria obesa SELENKA, Beitrige zur Anatomie u. Systematik der Holothurien,
Zeitschr. fir Wiss. Zool., X VII, 1867, p. 312
General form robust, oblong, blunt“ at both ends. Mouth ventraliy
turned, probably not always so, as in some much contracted individuals
it appears terminal. Anus terminal, surrounded by tive calcareous
teeth. Tentacles 20, rather broadly peltate. Ventral surface covered
with numerous pedicels which are for the most part retracted within
the body, but which appear to form three indefinite rows. Papillee
scattered (entirely retracted), less numerous than pedicels. Perisome
thick and leathery. Deposits: Rather finely granulated simple rods.
Color in alcohol, dark chestnut-brown. Largest contracted specimen
180 mm. long and about 70 to SO mm. broad.
Locality.—Laysan Island (7 specimens).
All the specimens are too much contracted to furnish any details as
to general habit. The tentacles seem to vary from 19 to 21. As indi-
vated in the diagnosis the pedicels are mostly withdrawn. By slicing
off a thin layer of the ventral surface the dark pigment is removed,
and in the largest specimens the pedicels appear to be more crowded
« This species was not observed in the living state, and all the specimens are badly
contracted. The general shape is evidently similar to that of IW. mauritiana.
648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
along a median longitudinal and two lateral areas, although these areas
do not appear sharply defined by any means.
In the large specimen dissected there is but one madreporic canal,
situated on the right side of the mesentery. The madreporic body is
elongate (6 mm.) and is perfectly free in the body cavity. There is
but one Polian vesicle. Calcareous ring without posterior prolonga-
tions. The radial pieces are considerably larger than the interradial.
Genital glands form a large tuft on the left side of the dorsal mesen-
tery. Right branch of respiratory tree longer than left, reaching to
calcareous ring. Cuvierian organs present at left side of base cf
respiratory tree; tuft rather small.
The calcareous deposits are numerous but of a simple nature, con-
sisting of straight or slightly curved, rather finely granulated rods,
the granulations assuming the form of irregular protuberances at the
ends. In the dorsal perisome the rods average slightly larger than in
the ventral. They vary from 0.08 to 0.12 mm., the former being the
average. Many are as small as 0.05 mm., and the smallest are about
0.03. Occasionally the rods are forked slightly at one or both ends.
The rods of the ventral perisome average between 0.05 and 0.07 mm.
This species is apparently confined to the Hawaiian group. No
specimens, however, were taken in the Windward Islands, where it is
likely the type was secured.
ACTINOPYGA MAURITIANA (Quoy and Gaimard).
Plate LX.VII, figs. 1, la-d.
Holothuria mauritiana Quoy and Gaimarp, Voyage de l’ Astrolabe Zoologie, IV,
Zoophytes, 1833, p. 138.
Body elongate, robust, broadest posteriorly, or sometimes nearer
middle, usually slightly constricted near anterior end. Mouth usually
distinctly ventral, surrounded in life by a conspicuous, papillose collar.
Anus terminal, with five white calcareous teeth. Tentacles about
twenty-five (twenty-two to twenty-six), rather crowded, broadly pel-
tate, the crests arranged in two irregular, concentric rows. Peristome
broad. Pedicels densely crowded, and without order, confined to the
flattish ventral surface. Dorsal papillee much fewer than pedicels,
about the same size and irregularly scattered. Integument tough and
leathery. Deposits: In the dorsal integument longer and shorter rods,
with small processes along the sides and with the ends dichotomous or
spinous, together with numerous, much smaller rosettes, usually not
very intricate; in the ventral perisome small, smooth, oval grains
and larger unbranched rods with the ends slightly roughened. Ven-
tral deposits much more numerous than dorsal. Color variable,
usually an olivaceous brown, the bases of the papills encircled with
whitish; blotched with whitish along the sides and distad (see p. 649).
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS— FISHER. 649
Largest preserved specimen 165 mm, long, 50 mm. wide, 45 mm.
dorso-ventrally.
Localities.—Tide pools in Puako Bay, Hawaii; Kealakekua Bay,
Hawaii; Kamalino Bay, Niihau; Napili, Maui; Waialua, Oahu. Twenty-
seven specimens.
It is apparently characteristic of this species to have the mouth open
ventrally. The broad collar which surrounds it is always much con-
tracted in the preserved specimens. The difference between the
ventral surface, which is rather flat, and the dorsal, which is well
arched, is very conspicuous and is heightened by a difference of color.
The pedicels extend to within 15 to 20 mm. of the rim of the circu-
moral collar or ruff, and to within 8 to 10mm. of the anal aperture.
The papille are more numerous in some specimens than others, but
tend to become rather more crowded toward the anus, and along the
sides of the body adjacent to the pedicels, where they are also larger.
‘The papille are also longer on the collar, particularly on its rim. The
numerous specimens which belong to this species vary considerably in
the shade of brown and in the amount of white. The more usual
coloration is a rich raw umber. An unspotted individual had the
dorsum deep olive brown, the ventral surface light pinkish brown;
tube feet raw umber; tentacles greenish brown or raw umber trans-
lucent, with grayish effects in some lights. Near Kealakekua Bay,
Hawaii, I collected one large specimen which is decidedly dark and
spotted. An example from Kamalino Bay, Nithau, is light olivaceous
brown, heavily blotched on the sides with white and with all the dor-
sal papillee encircled with white.
Calcareous ring rather massive. There is scarcely any difference in
size between the radial and interradial pieces. Ampulle of tentacles
long. Polian vesicles two. There are three madreporic bodies to the
left of the dorsal mesentery, free in body cavity. One madreporic
canal is usually much longer than the other two, more or less con-
voluted, and frequently is median in position, lying in the dorsal
mesentery. Gonads form one cluster, resembling a swab of hempen
tangles, on the left side of the mesentery. Right respiratory tree
reaching to caleareous ring, left only half as long, but more bushy.
Cuvierian organs present, forming a tuft to the left of the base of the
respiratory tree.
The rods in dorsal perisome vary considerably in shape in the same
individuals, the principal types being figured. They vary in length
from 0.08 to 0.14 mm., or are sometimes even longer. The rosettes
average from 0.02 to 0.03 mm., and are scattered among the rods.
They are congregated, however, in dense masses about the base of the
papille, giving the whitish color characteristic of some specimens.
Consequently in those specimens having considerable whitish on the
body, the rosettes are very numerous.
oy |
TS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
HOLOTHURIA CINERASCENS (Brandt).
Plate LX. VIII, figs. 1, la-f.
Stichopus (Gymnochirota) cinerascens BRAND?T, Prodr., 1835, p. 51.
General form robust, subcylindrical, dorsal and ventral surfaces
sharply differentiated, the former with numerous papille, rather uni-
formly spaced, among which some are larger than others; the latter
beset with crowded robust pedicels. Anterior end rather broad, the
20 tentacles being robust with large subglobose crowns when fully
expanded. The mouth is turned slightly ventrad in life. Posterior
extremity of body very blunt; anus surrounded by papille. Body
wall thick, fairly smooth to the touch. Deposits: Tables, somewhat
resembling those of //. atra, with a small annular disk (rarely a larger
perforated one) and a spire consisting of four rods, one crossbeam,
and a crown terminating in eight horizontal and four vertical promi-
nent teeth; numerous slightly curved rods, finely granulated, with the
tips frequently slightly branched. Color in life a reddish heliotrope
purple to brownish purple; in alcohol, a dull purplish brown, lighter
below. Length, about 160 mm.
Localities.—Honolulu Reef (5), Hanalei, Kauai (1), Hilo, Hawaii (1),
Puako Bay, Hawaii (1). Eight specimens examined. Of these one is
a trifle doubtful on account of absence of calcareous deposits.
There is no sign of any regular arrangement among the pedicels.
The papillz are unequal in size, some being somewhat longer and
more pointed than others, which are truncate; the latter, however,
may be simply contracted individuals. In one specimen the skin
between the papille is raised in tiny wartlike eminences, which give
the surface a roughened appearance. In a specimen killed with the
tentacles fully expanded, the latter are 10 mm. long, and the expanded
crowns are 6 to 10 mm. in diameter and almost ‘‘arborescent” in
appearance. The collar surrounding tentacles is inconspicuous.
Calcareous ring of the usual form. Polian vesicles six in specimen
dissected, two being larger than the rest; number reported to be very
variable. One madreporic canalis present, on right side of mesentery.
The Cuvierian organs are present in specimen examined. Longitu-
dinal muscle bands rather thin. Interior of body cavity yellowish,
irregularly spotted with black (alcoholic specimen). Left respiratory
tree in relation with rete mirabile of intestine.
The rods are the most characteristic and conspicuous feature of the
calcareous deposits. They are very numerous both in the dorsal and
ventral perisome, and the supporting rods of the papille and pedicels
are the same, but in the neighborhood of the terimal perforated plate
are smaller. Typically the rods are simple, finely granulated, slightly
to considerably curved, with the extremities often branched, or with
No, 1555. HAWAITAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 655
coarser tubercles. Occasionally triradiate rods occur, very rarely
quadriradiate; again, one end may be considerably expanded and per-
forated, or along one side there may occur from one to several short
‘‘outgrowths” at right angles. The rods vary from 0.1 to 0.3 mm. in
length; 0.15 to 0.25 is the commonest average. Tables with a simple
annular disk, about 0.04 to 0.06 mm. in diameter, and with or without
perforations at the base of the spire supports are most numerous.
Rarely larger disks are present, 0.086 mm. in diameter and with twelve
to, fifteen holes around the rim. The rim of the reduced disks is nearly
always very uneven, often irregularly spiney, the spines being short
and broad. Semper, Reisen im Archipel Philipinnen, Pt. 2, 1.
Holothurien, 1868, p. 246.
Body cylindrical, elongate, flattened ventrally, arched dorsally,
anteriorly untapered; slightly tapered but truncate posteriorly.
Mouth anterior but ventral, surrounded by a fringed papillose collar;
anus posterior. Mouth large; circle of tentacles, 20 in number, broad.
Tentacles rather short; peltate; the crown convex. Pedicels numerous,
disposed in three longitudinal bands on ventral surface, the median
band twice as wide as the laterals. Papillee scattered over dorsal sur-
face. There are four rows (irregular) of very prominent protuber-
ances, nearly as large asa small acorn in the living animal, a series
along either side adjacent to ventral surface, and a row on both dorsal
ambulacra. Small papille scattered over the interambulacra.
Integument thick, very minutely roughened by spires of tables,
especially on the conical protuberances, where the large tables are
abundant. Deposits: Remarkably large robust tables with a conical
spire ending in a single point, and much smaller tables of two or three
sizes, with a small disk and a truncate spire terminating in eight to
twelve points; besides these, C-shaped bodies and small dichotomously
branched rods. In the pedicels and papillee robust supporting rods,
dilated and perforated at the middle. Color in life, tentacles, pale
greenish gray to whitish; body dark olive green mottled with deep
brownish green; in alcohol, dull yellow ocher. Length of preserved
specimen, 160 mm.; breadth at anterior end, 32 mm.
Locality..—Honolulu Reef, outer edge (8 specimens); Puako Bay,
Hawaii, tide pools (1 specimen).
.
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 677
In preserved specimens the tubercles, which are so characteristic
and prominent in live animals, shrink to an insignificant size, except
on the anterior end of the body. The collar near the edge is crowded
with robust papille, which are smaller than the conical protuberances
above noted. The, papille of the interambulacra are scattered and
average about 5 to 8 mm. apart. The four series of prominent pro-
tuberances are not very regular. In the ventro-lateral series there are
twelve to fourteen, and on the two dorsal ambulacra usually two or
three more. In the latter region the warts are often very irregularly
placed. The tip terminates in a papilla. The pedicels are robust and
have a terminal plate. The interval between the middle and lateral
bands is equal to about half the width of the latter. Ina carefully
killed individual it is possible to distinguish a narrow area, running
along the center of the ventral surface, free from pedicels, which thus
divides the central area of pedicels into two parts. This line is, how-
ever, not nearly so conspicuous as the other two free areas. Pedicels
extend up to the edge of the circumoral collar.
The calcareous ring varies somewhat with the size of the individual.
The radial pieces are much larger than the interradial, and anteriorly
the border has four blunt points; posteriorly two. In older individ-
uals the posterior points are more prolonged. The anterior border of
each interradial piece has a single point; the posterior border is deeply
concave. Although Théel found two Polian vesicles in his Hawaiian
specimen, there is but one in three examples I have examined. Madre-
poric canal and body single, lodged in dorsal mesentery. Gonad forms
two tufts, one on either side of the mesentery. In one specimen,
collected May 8, the gonad is very large. Respiratory tree very large,
branches of the larger tube in connection with the vascular network
of intestine.
The deposits are as follows: (1) Large tables, with a broad disk and
tapering, spire ending in a single or, rarely, in two or three points, and
with two or three crosspieces. The spire varies considerably in
length, but commonly lies between 0.12 and 0.19 mm. The disk is
broad and is usually irregular in outline, rather longer one way than
the other, and likewise varies much in size, 0.15 to 0.18 mm. being the
average width. The numerous perforations vary from 0,003 to 0.015
mm. in width. These large tables are confined to the basal half of the
papille of the dorsal and lateral surfaces, being absent from the ven-
tral perisome. The points of the spires can be seen with a hand lens
in preserved material, especially near the tips of the conical warts,
where this sort of table is very abundant. (2) The small tables are
abundant in both dorsal and ventral integument and measure about
0.04 to 0,05 mm. in height. The disk is small and subquadrate, with
usually four peripheral holes at the base of the spire supports. The
summit of the spire terminates in a variable number of teeth, often as
678 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
many as fourteen, but commoniy only twelve. (3) Besides these there
are still larger tables (Plate LXX, fig. 1,7) of similar general appearance,
but with the spire 0.08 to 0.1mm. high and the disk about 0.08 mm. in
diameter and with more numerous peripheral perforations. These are —
found at the bases of the papille, in a narrow zone, between the ordi-
nary small tables and the large single-pointed variety. It is here that
the large tables with two or three points or with the sides of the
spire toothed are to be found, forming more or less perfect transi-
tional stages. In the ventral perisome there are comparatively few
tables without any, or with only rudimentary, spires. (4) Dichoto-
mously branched rods, 0.03 to 0.04 mm. long, forming more or less
incomplete rosettes, are common in the dorsal perisome, but appear to
be absent from the ventral, or at least not numerous. (5) C-shaped
bodies 0.09 to 0.14 mm. long are present in both dorsal and ventral
perisome. (6) Besides these, near the tip of papille, and more abun-
dantly in the pedicels, are stout supporting rods, more or less dilated
at the center, and perforated. The edges of the rodsare finely spinous.
These supporting rods vary in length, averaging 0.35 to 0.5 mm. long
in the ventral perisome, somewhat shorter in the dorsal, where they
often lack the central plate-like expansion and have instead one or
more branches with spinous margins. The terminal portion of: each
papilla is strengthened, not by the rods, but by perforated plates,
about 0.9 mm. in diameter, the margins being irregular, often formed
of spinous branches of incomplete trabecule. The perforations are
relatively large. Thus, counting from the base of each papilla, the
following deposits are found: Ordinary tables and rosettes, larger
tables, transitional tables, conical-spired large tables, supporting rods,
supporting plates.
This species lives in tide pools, and is found on the reef, between
Honolulu and Waikiki, near the outer edge, where the pools are large
and are not cut off from the ocean for any length of time. The animal
is dark greenish and rather inconspicuous. One specimen was found
to contain a fair-sized fish, /Verasfer home, which had taken refuge
in the large respiratory tree, and had its snout protruding through
the anal aperture.
The species is apparently most nearly related to Stichopus horrens
Selenka, from which it differs in having ambulacral appendages on the
dorsal interambulacra, as well as on the ambulacra. From St/chopus
godeffroy? it is distinguished by the C-shaped bodies, which are not
found in that species. The present form has been known as Stichopus
godeffroyt variety b, a cumbersome title, which does not indicate its
true relationship. If the form is not a true species it would probably
be united with S. horrens rather than with godeffroy7. There seems
little doubt, however, that we have herea true species. SS. godeffroy/,
NO. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS— FISHER. 679
lacking the C-shaped bodies, has not been detected in the Hawaiian
group. Théel records the present species from the Friendly, Samoan,
Fiji, and Pelew islands, and Lampert adds Cebu.
Subfamily SYNALUACTIN 4 Ludwig.
Synallactine Lupwic, Mem. Mus. Zool., X VII, No. 3, 1894, pp. 8 and 26.
Genus MESOTHURIA Ludwig.
Mesites Lupwia, Zool. Anz., 1893, p. 79. Type, M. multipes Ludwig, nomen nudum.
Mesothuria Lupwia, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VII, No. 3, 1894, p. 31. Tyne,
M. multipes Ludwig.
Body cylindrical or with slightly flattened ventral surface; no brim.
Tentacles 12 to 20. Pedicels on lateral ventral radii always well
developed; as a rule small on mid-ventral region (rarely absent);
small, scattered and papilliform on back. Deposits: Tables. Body
-wall thin as a rule. Gonad in a single tuft on left of dorsal mesen-
tery. No tenacle ampulle. Longitudinal muscles undivided.
MESOTHURIA CARNOSA, new species.
Plate LXX, figs. 4, 4a-f; young, Plate LN XJ, figs. 4, 4a.
Size rather large. (General form cylindrical, oblong, tapering
abruptly at either end. Body very limp and soft, but integument
firm; dorsal body wall apparently thicker than ventral. Mouth ter-
minal but directed ventralwards in life; anus terminal. Tentacles 18
to 20, with rather small peltate crowns. Ambulacral appendages in
the form of small pedicels scattered rather thickly over the ventral
surface, those of either ventrolateral ambulacrum somewhat larger
than in midventral region, where they are very small; pedicels of
dorsal surface few, widely scattered and small in size. Here and there
are low thickenings of the integument suggesting wart-like swellings.
Deposits: Tables of rather large size, very crowded, and composed of
a broad disk, irregular in outline with numerous perforations, and a
spire composed of four rods, one crossbeam (besides those of crown),
and a crown of four upright often divergent teeth, with one to several
smaller denticles on sides. In pedicels are comparatively very small
tables with three or four uprights and reduced disks. Under the
tables, and apparently in the subcutaneous muscle layer also, are
smooth, scattered, simple, very delicate, and slender spicule-like rods.
Apparently no supporting rods in pedicels. In oral disk and tentacles
nearly straight to irregular spiny rods, 0.1 to 0.55 mm. long. (Plate
LXX, fig. 4.4) Color in life: translucent pinkish white, more or less
stained with brownish, often dirty whitish or shade commonly called
flesh color. Ventral surface is darker on account of leaden purplish
muscle bands of mid-ventral ambulacrum showing through body wall.
Tentacles translucent grayish white; crown mottled yellowish white
680 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
(preserved in formalin), about 250 mm.
Localities.—Type (Cat. No. 21215, U.S.N.M.) from Station 4130,
vicinity of Kanai Island, 283 to 309 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom
temperature 46.1°; 13 specimens. ‘Taken also at the following stations
(in all 50 specimens):
List of stations.
Pee Locality. Depth. Nature of bottom.
3988 | Vicinity of KauailIsland...) 469-195 | Gray foraminiferous sand, pebbles.
BOT «|e ats OO Se ee es tee 418-429 | Fine gray sand, brown mud.
AQ2 IG | Eaeer GO) eee ree ee erste 286-399 | Coral sand, foraminifera.
4041 | West coast Hawaii Island ..| 382-253 Gray mud, foraminifera.
4131 | Vicinity of KauailIsland.-.:| 309-257 | Fine gray sand.
4132 one do ; 257-812 | Fine gray sand and mud.
ANB 4s eee do 324-225 | Fine coral volcanic sand.
4136) 2 == do 294-352 | Fine coral sand.
A139) ess. do 512-339 | Fine gray sand, rocks.
|
As noted in the diagnosis above, the number of tentacles varies from
18 to 20, and is frequently 19. Branches of crown are all short, the
latter being subcircular and rather flat topped. Width of circle
of tentacles over all about 25 mm. Ambulacral appendages very
scarce on dorsal surface and scattered, but at hinder end of body
they become more numerous, yet remain inconspicuous. Over most
of dorsal surface it is difficult to distinguish any pedicels at all without
the aid of a glass; but some specimens appear to have more than
others. The wart-like thickenings seem to represent much contracted
papille possibly of a sensory nature, since they are more retracted
than the pedicels. On median ventral region the pedicels are easy
to see, but are very small, gradually increasing in size toward the
ventral-lateral radii. In formalin specimens, which wonderfully retain
the life appearance, the mid-ventral radial line is conspicuous owing
to transparency of integument. Perisome is minutely roughened by
spires of tables.
The calcareous ring is rather soft, and in alcoholic specimens is often
much shrunken, giving an appearance of yariability. Radial pieces
much larger than interradial, with an abrupt deep notch on posterior
border on either side of which isa little horn, forming an incipient pos-
terior prolongation. This is apparently obsolete in some specimens.
Anterior border has a central narrow notch and on either side a very
shallow undulation. Interradial pieces with a prominent tooth anteri-
orly but not noticeably excavated posteriorly. One large Polian vesicle.
Madreporie canal runs forward and upward in dorsal mesentery, the
ovoid madreporic body being attached to body wall at anterior edge of
mesentery. Ring canal and radial water canals between the former
and caleareous ring large. No tentacle ampulla extending into the
body cavity, only rudiments, filling the anterior excavations in calca-
reous ring. Thus there are two larger ampulle (interradial) alter-
NO. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 681
nating with two smaller (radial), as Hérouard” has figured for his genus
Allantis, but the tentacles do not differ a particle in size. Gonad forms
a good-sized tuft on left side of dorsalmesentery. Intestine follows a
long S-shaped course. Cloacal cavity large. Respiratory tree large,
not in connection with intestinal vessel.
Tables are very crowded, the disks overlapping as much as possible,
thereby bringing the spires unusually close together. In the general
perisome there are tables with smaller and larger disks, the former
about 0.08 to 0.1 mm. in diameter, the latter 0.13 to 0.15 mm. Smaller
tables have a large central subcircular perforation and about eight to
twelve primary peripheral ones. As the tables increase in size smaller
perforations are interpolated at the end. Large disks have two to
three series of holes. Margin of disks irregular and often, in large
ones, produced into a few irregular tooth-like projections. The spire
is composed of four (rarely three) rods; these, extending some distance
above the transverse pieces of crown and often flaring somewhat, form
the four prominent teeth of the crown. One or two accessory denticu-
lations frequently occur near tip of primary tooth, and one tooth may
be longer than the other three, especially in largest tables, thereby
causing irregularity. Occasionally also a large tooth projects from
the side of one or two of the rods near the crown beams; or a tooth
may project from one or more of these transverse beams, but this is
not common. The hole inclosed by the crown crossbeams is subcircu-
lar as seen from above. Spires of average tables are about 0.08 to
0.087 mm. in height. Pedicels apparently have no supporting rods,
but their tables are much reduced in size, having a small annular disk
about 0.056 mm. wide. The spire, made up of four or three uprights
and one crossbeam, ends in four teeth, with occasionally an accessory
horizontal tooth or two. At base of pedicels the tables are intermedi-
ate between this very reduced variety and the simpler forms of gen-
eral perisome. Asa rule the tables are variable (in same individual),
scarcely two being alike, except in general features. This is especially
true of larger disks, both the general contour and that of the perfora-
tions being subject to great variation. The figures will serve to show
the typical forms. Beneath the tables occur very slender spicules of
different lengths. They resemble sponge spicules very closely and
are pointed at both ends or rounded. In length they range from 0.08
to 0.3 mm., or even more, in width from 0.002 to 0.004 mm. approxi-
mately. These spicules are scattered and appear to be a constant
although inconspicuous part of the calcareous deposit. ‘Terminal!
plates of pedicels resemble those of //olothuria rather more than the
form figured by Ludwig for J/esothuria multipes. They are simple
perforated plates with irregular outlines, often elliptical, about 0.28
“«Holothuries provenant des Campagnes de la Princess Alice, Resultats Compag.
Scientif. Prince Monaco, fase. X XI, 1902, pl. 1, fig. 3 ( Adlantis intestinalis).
682 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
by 0.17 mm., although differing widely as to dimensions according to
the size of the pedicel.
From Mesothuria multipes Ludwig, J. lactea (Théel), AL. thom-
soni (Théel), J. murray? (Théel), J, parva (Théel), JL. marginata
Sluiter, JZ. oktaknemus Sluiter, and J. holothurioides Sluiter the present
species differs especially in the form of the tables. These differences
can be best appreciated by a comparison of figures. J. marginata
and J. holothurioides have but three rods to the spire and the former
has the spire ending in a long thorny point. JZ. oktaknemus has much
less robust tables than carnosa with slenderer spire ending in longer
points. The disks also are different. Other minor differences may
be found in the distribution of pedicels and in the form of their ter-
minal plates, although the latter feature may not be of any impor-
tance. In life carnosa is very soft and fleshy, almost jelly-like except
for the firm perisome. This character is admirably retained in for-
malin specimens, but in alcohol, after the water is extracted from the
tissue, the latter becomes thin and leathery. If it were not for this
fact one might make comparisons in the character of the body wall of
the different species. If one had only alcohol specimens of carnosa he
would draw absolutely incorrect conclusions as to the appearance of
the live animal.
From JL. abbreviata, M. incerta, and M. squamosa Koehler and
Vaney, carnosa differs in the deposits and also in outward form. ¢
So far as the deposits are concerned, carnosa appears to be rather
more closely related to AZ. ¢ntest/nalis (Ascan.) as described and figured
by Ostergren’, than to any other known member of the genus. Asa
comparison of figures will show, the deposits are very much alike,
although the three and five rod spires appear not to be present in any
specimens of carnosa that I have examined. ‘The body wall of car-
nosa is thick and fleshy in life; that of /ntestinalis is described as thin;
whether it is so in life I am unable to learn. JZ. ¢ntestinal7s and AM.
verrilli are hermaphrodite, whereas in J/. carnosa the sexes are separate.
There are two small specimens from Station 3839 (South coast
Molokai Island, 259 to 266 fathoms, light brown mud, sand) much
dilapidated, which have peculiar deposits (Plate VI, figs. 4,47). These
specimens, much contracted and compressed, are about 30 mm. long,
and so far as can be determined resemble J/. parva. The disk of the
tables is subcircular and pierced-by acentral and eight peripheral holes
of nearly the same size. The spire is composed of four rods and one
crossbeam, the crown ending in four slightly diverging spinous tips.
Disks are usually not wider than 0.1 mm., and are commonly much more
@S8ee Keehler and Vaney, Deep-Sea Holothurioidea of the Investigator, 1905, pp.
10-14; pl. 1, fig. 6; pl. rv, fig. 10; pl. 1x, figs. 4-11; pl. xm, figs. 19, 20.
b Festskrift fOr Lilljeborg, 1896, p. 347, pl. xvi, figs. 1-26.
No. 1555. HAWAITAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 683
regular than the figure. The specimens may be the young of this
species. At least the tables approach nearer those of carnosa than
those of murray? or parva.
MESOTHURIA MURRAYI (Théel).
Plate LX XI, figs. 1, la-h.
Holothuria murrayt Torer, Challenger Holothurioidea, Pt. 2, 1886, p. 185, pl. x,
figs. 16-18.
General form oblong, subcylindrical, tapering slightly toward ante-
rior end; rather more so toward posterior extremity. Mouth and
anus terminal, but the former directed ventrally. Tentacles 19 to 20,
short, and with rather small circular peltate crowns. Ambulacral
appendages in the form of different-sized, slender pedicels thickly
scattered all over the body, those alone either ventrolateral ambu-
lacrum largest. Body wall rather thin in fully extended alcoholic
specimens, very minutely roughened by spires of tables. Deposits:
Tables with a large, open, subcircular, scalloped to substellate disk
having a central subcircular hole and six to eight much larger ovate
peripheral primary holes, and frequently in addition as many, or fewer,
much smaller secondary perforations at the tips of the spokes separat-
ing the primary holes; spire made up of three rods and one cross-
beam, flaring at summit, and each rod ending in two or three short mul-
tifid prongs. No supporting rods in pedicels, but very much reduced
tables with a simple annular almost rudimentary disk and an irregular
spire of three rods and one crossbeam. Color in alcohol, dirty
whitish, brownish to purplish brown. Length of a preserved speci-
men, somewhat contracted, 95 mm.
Localities. —Thirty-five specimens were taken at the following
stations:
List of stations.
nee Locality. Depth. | Nature of bottom.
eb] eres p
| | Kathoms.
3472aSouthicoast Oahuslsland. oo... 55-6 cc -- - 295 | Fine white sand.
BtsHISy |leeone (61) Sees Se SS Te Bee oe ene 264-183 | Coral sand, lava specks, shells.
3866 | Pailolo Channel, between Molokai and | 283-284 | Gray mud, fine sand.
| Maui.
BetsBo! || Ss one (0a) eee Tee AI nk es ee 277-284 | Globigerina ooze.
4088 | North coast Maui Island ................- 308-306 | Fine gray sand.
4096 | Northeast approach, Pailolo Channel....) 272-286 | Do.
a Cruise of 1891, 3 specimens.
Since no specimens of this species were kept in formalin, it is not
easy to surmise the form of the living animal. Breadth of circlet of
tentacles about 10 to 12mm. » Holothtries provenant des Campagnes de la Princess-Alice, Résultats Campag.
Sci. Prince Monaco, fasc. X XI, 1902, p. 23.
686 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
MESOTHURIA PARVA (Théel).
Plate LX NI, figs. 2, 2a-c.
Mesothuria murrayi yar. parva Turret, Challenger Holothurioidea, Pt. 2, 1886,
po 187; pliix. ney 2 ply xvi, tiscads io:
General form and appearance almost exactly like that of preceding
species. ‘Tentacles 18 to 20. Pedicels of divers sizes scattered all
over body, those of ventrolateral ambulacra largest, there being one
or two irregular series especially large. Median ventral pedicels
extremely small and scattered, often very few in number; those of
dorsal surface smaller than ventrolateral and fairly uniform as to size,
though some difference is discernible; pedicels, on the whole, rather
less numerous than in preceding species. Body wall rather thin.
Perisome roughened by spires of tables. Deposits: Tables composed
of a large disk with a central and numerous peripheral perforations,
and a spire of three rods with spinous apices; one cross beam. (For
shape of deposits see Plate LX XT, fig. 2.) No supporting rods to pedi-
cels, whose tables are much reduced in size. Color in alcohol either
yellowish white or purplish gray. Length about 95 mm. or less.
Localities.—Forty specimens from following stations:
List of stations.
nasal Locality. Depth. Nature of bottom.
3895 | South of Molokai Island ............----- 252-429 Coral rocks.
3919 | South coast Oahu Island ......-.---...--. 257-220 | Gray sand.
8998 | Vicinity of Kauai Island. 22-2. -2.5. 005.52. 235-228 | Coarse brown coral sand, shells, rocks,
408i Northicoast Waingistan diteececeen ceeccnect 202-220 | Gray sand, foraminifera.
4115.| Northwest coast Oahu Island ..........-. 195-241 | Coral sand, foraminifera.
4122 | Southwest coast Oahu Island ...........- 192-352 | Coarse coral sand, shells.
Label lost from one bottle of 20 specimens.
The internal organization presents no marked points of difference
from that of the preceding species. The calcareous ring is of the same
general form; tentacle ampulle same. The ring canal and proximal
portion of the radial canals are large. Polian vesicle single. Madre-
poric canal, gonads, and respiratory tree practically identical with those
of M. murray?.
The tables differ from those of the preceding species in being much
crowded. They overlap markedly as in Jf. carnosa, whereas in J/.
murray they are not nearly so closely placed. Besides the difference
in form, which is more readily appreciated by a comparison of figures,
the disk in J/. murray? is frequently considerably larger. The disk
in Jf. parva is more robust, with a greater number of perforations,
and the spire is lower and stouter, the crown being more compact and
variable. Typical parva as figured by Théel has no central perfo
ration in the crown, as is frequently the case with Hawaiian exam-
ples. Diameter of disk averages about 0.12 mm., height of spire about
0.085 mm,
NO. 1556. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS— FISHER. 687
Externally the species is practically indistinguishable from the fore-
going. Some specimens of parva have apparently fewer pedicels on
the midventral region, and less diversity, especially in small individuals,
in size of dorsal pedicels. The species can always be readily separated,
however, on the character of the tables. It will be noticed that parva
lives on a hard bottom and murrayz on a soft. Just how much signi-
ficance this fact has in accounting for differences in the structure of
the calcareous deposits it is impossible to say. These two species exem-
plify very well one of the difficulties which constantly besets a system-
atist. Taking the specimens as a whole, two views are possible con-
cerning them: (1) That the two forms represent one variable species;
(2) that the two forms are specifically distinct. In the present case,
(1) have we one variable species which differs widely according to the
nature of its particular environment, whether it be soft, oozy mud, or
hard sand and shells; or (2) have we two closely related but distinct
species, each dwelling on a different sort of bottom? I have followed
the latter view, since there appear to be no intermediate forms, and
since I have no difficulty in separating the species, upon an examina-
tion of deposits. That the forms are very close is manifest; but it isa
well-known fact, not generally appreciated, that all species are not
necessarily separated from their nearest congeners by the same degree
of difference. In the present case the question also arises as to whether
these two species are to be identified with already known but distantly
dwelling forms, or are to be regarded as new but closely allied kinds.
Since this has to be decided by literature and not specimens |] have
chosen the more conservative course, although it may not be the
correct one.
Mesothuria parva was taken by the Challenger in 150 fathoms, coral
mud, near Admiralty Island.
Genusss/ AGE Hey PE Om ES Ostergren.
Bathyplotes OsteRGREN, Zur Kenntniss der Subfamilie Synallactinz unter den
Aspidochiroten, Zoologiska Studier, Festsch., Wilhelm Lilljeborg, 1896,
p- 351. Type, Stichopus natans Sars.
Mouth ventral to subventral, anus subdorsal to nearly terminal.
Ventral surface more or less flattened, with the rows of pedicels on
all three or only on the two lateral ambulacra. Dorsal surface arched
with a double row of papille along each radius, and often besides with
small papille scattered sparingly over the interradii. Dorsal papillee
sometimes very irregular in distribution and a ventral-lateral series in
addition to pedicels sometimes present. Tentacles 15 to 20. Gonad
in two tufts (a right and a left). Longitudinal muscles undivided.
Calcareous deposits: Tables: with usually a four (three to eight) armed
disk, bearing a spire of an equal number of rods; C-shaped spicules
usually present.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07 44
688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
BATHYPLOTES PATAGIATUS, new species.
Plate LX XII, figs. 1, la-kz.
Body rather long and narrow, truncately rounded at. either end;
ventral surface flattened; dorsal somewhat arched in life. Mouth
terminal but ventral; anus dorsal. Tentacles 19 to 20, rather small;
crown subcircular, peltate. Median ventral ambulacrum without
pedicels. A single, somewhat irregular series of numerous small
pedicels along each ventrolateral ambulacrum, and immediately above
these, on edge of body, another series of numerous small, warty
excrescences, terminating each in a slender papilla. These form a
narrow, overhanging brim to body, especially well marked at anterior
end. On dorsal surface are widely scattered, fair-sized conical pro-
tuberances, terminating in a long, slender papilla. In life body wall
is rather of a thick ‘‘jelly-fish” consistency, the external perisome
being easily rubbed off. Deposits: In ventral perisome tables with
small annular disk, sometimes incomplete, and a spire composed of
four upright pieces, three to five crossbars and a crown ending in four
simple teeth; in the dorsal perisome disk is transformed into a four-
armed cross, perforated at tips, and the spire is frequently spiny along
uprights. At base of papillee disks are greatly enlarged, the ends of the
four-armed crossbeam being much dilated, and the spires are also
stouter and spiny on uprights. In papille the spires are very tall,
with as many as nine or ten crossbeams, the disk becoming reduced
by degrees to the annular form. In papillee curved, spiny supporting
rods in addition to tables; in pedicels well-developed terminal plates
and small tables, similar to those of ventral perisome, in addition to a
very few supporting rods near the end plate. In subcutaneous muscle
layer, in walls of gonad, of cloaca, and intestine numerous C-shaped
bodies are present. Color in life, outside jellylike tissue transparent
grayish, with a tinge of pink, the central ‘‘core” of animal being
bright rose pink, with a yellowish shade in places. Length, 155 mm.;
breadth, 14 to 20 mm.
Localities.—Type (Cat. No. 21216, U.S.N.M.) from Station 4041,
west coast of Hawaii Island, 3882 to 253 fathoms, gray mud, foramin-
ifera; bottom temperature 41.6°. Cotype (deposits), 3994, vicinity of
Kauai Island, 330 to 382 fathoms, fine gray sand, foraminifera. Taken
also at the following stations, 14 specimens, most of them in very
poor condition:
List of stations.
ve ||
a Locality. | Depth. Nature of bottom.
|
| Fathoms.
3824 | South coast of Molokai Island .........-- | 222-498 | Coral rocks, broken shells.
3988) |) Vicinity.of Kata Island 22 22 425-2- oo- | 469-165 | Gray foraminiferous sand, pebbles.
AZT |b eee = QO e2Ss cabins eee tenet eae ate meee | 286-399 | Coral sand, foraminifera.
A134. ee GOR S32 SCS SARS SR eee BS Sa 324-225 | Fine coral sand and voleanic sand.
4140 ees GOs as Sosa aise ee eles oes eee 339-437 | Fine gray sand.
No. 1555. HAWAITAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 689
Owing to the fact that the animals have rid themselves of most
of their viscera it is difficult to tell exactly what the life habit may
have been. The body is much depressed, and on the best preserved
specimen the narrow serrate brim is easily seen. This is especially
well marked in the vicinity of the anterior end, and causes the mouth
to be ventral. The marginal papillx are here close together but far-
ther caudad are more spaced. They arise from fairly broad conical
bases and are about 2 to3 mm. in length. Pedicels are about same
length and have a well-developed terminal disk. Pedicels and lateral
papille are apparently in about equal numbers, although on account
of injuries to the margin some of the latter have been rubbed off.
Dorsal papille are larger than the laterals, being about 4 to 5 mm.
long in a contracted state. Although found in the neighborhood of
each dorsal ambulacrum they are not at all regularly arranged, some-
times forming transverse rows of three or four, or occurring isolated
here and there in the middorsal region.
Calcareous ring is rather small, the interradial pieces being very
much reduced. The figure (Plate LX XI, fig. 17) will sufficiently show
the form. Madreporic canal single, running forward in dorsal mesen-
tery to become attached by the madreporic body to body wall at ante-
rior edge of mesentery. Ring canal and proximal portion of radial
canals conspicuous. No tentacular ampulle hanging free in body ecav-
ity. Polian vesicle single, large. Gonad divided into a right and a
left tuft. Tubules twice dichotomously branched, their walls contain-
ing C-shaped deposits. Respiratory trees fairly well developed, com-
posed of aright and left branch springing from a common base and
over half as long asanimal. Wall of cloaca crowded with C-shaped
deposits, which are present also in the wall of intestine, but in not
nearly so great numbers. Longitudinal muscle bands single, ribbon-
shaped.
In the type specimen the calcareous deposits have been severely
injured by acid. The figures have been drawn from deposits of a
smaller specimen, which is much contracted and distorted. Most of
the perisome had been scraped off of specimens from this station.
The tables of the ventral perisome are smaller and simpler than those
of papille and their intermediate neighborhood. These tables have
usually an annular disk with four large holes formed by the simple
diagonal bars, but occasionally the ring is incomplete, or one or more
small peripheral holes may be present, as indicated in the figures.
(Plate LX XII, figs. 1,14.) Disksof this type measure 0.046 to 0.08 mm.
in diameter, and the spires (fig. 17) are commonly 0.067 to 0.09 mm.
high, with three to five crossbeams. The interval between the first
and second beams is always greater than that between the others.
The upright pieces are nearly parallel and terminate in four simple
teeth. These tables are commonest in the ventral and lateral peri-
690 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
some, but whether they are confined wholly to this region it 1s impos-
sible to say on account of the condition of available specimens. Tables
of the dorsal perisome are of the type shown in fig. 1a, Plate LX XII.
The disk is a four-armed cross, with the tips of the arms slightly
expanded and one to five times perforated. The spire rods are toothed
on the upper half, the spire itself being about 0.12 to 0.15 mm. high,
with five crossbeams. Rarely the teeth are absent. At the bases of
the large dorsal papille, and to a less extent of the laterals also, are
relatively very large tables with four-armed disks and robust spiny
irregular spires. (Plate LX_XII, fig. 1e,¢,¢.) The disks are from 0.3
to 0.47 mm. in diameter, and the ends of the arms are much expanded
and perforated. The general form of the tables is sufficiently indi-
cated by the figures. The spire of this table is 0.2 mm. high, but
there is considerable range on both sides of the dimension. The tables
in the papille proper are more of the type of those of ventral peri-
some, although much exaggerated in height (fig. 17). They are usually
numerous and grade into the type of a and eat base of papilla. The
spire is usually about 0.17 to 0.2 mm. high. Scattered among these
tables are relatively few supporting rods with spiny tips (12, 1/’) about
0.5mm. long. So far as examined the pedicels have scattered tables
similar to fig. 1d, but with only one or two crossbeams. Frequently
two or three supporting rods are present near terminal plate, though
they may be entirely absent. The terminal plate is large, circular,
and perforated.
This species is characterized by the distribution of the ambulacral
appendages, by the presence of a narrow but easily detected margin
or brim to body, by the form of the tables, and by the form of the cal-
careous ring. It differs from all known species by the form of the
‘alcareous deposits. Sluiter (Siboga Holothurioidea) has described
B. sulcatus, B. rubieundus, B. monoclus, and B. phlegmaticus from
the East Indian region. The present species is apparently nearer
phlegmaticus than any of the others, but differs in all the categories of
characters mentioned above, besides having 20 tentacles while p/leg-
maticus has 15. Koehler and Vaney have described from the /nvesti-
gator collections, B. profundus, B. crenulatus, B. assimilis, B. varia-
bilis, and B. papillosus. The deposits of all of these are different
from those of patagzatus.
Patagiatus is more or less closely related to B. natans (Sars) which
it resembles in the marginal papillee and brim, but differs in numerous
detaiis of deposits, etc. (for figures of natans, see Ostergren).“
«Zur Kenntniss der Subfamilie Synallactinee unter den Aspidochiroten.
NO. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS— FISHER. 691
Genus PSEUDOSTICHOPUS Théel.
Pseudostichopus THekEL, Challenger Holothurioidea, Pt. 2, 1886, p. 169. Type,
Pseudostichopus mollis Theel.
Tentacles 19 to 20; no tentacle ampulle; madreporic canal attached
to body wall; ventral surface flattened (more or less); ambulacral
appendages in the form of unusually small, inconspicuous pedicels and
papillee which are more or less clearly arranged in longitudinal series;
gonad in two bundles (a right and a left); anus in a perpendicular
furrow, without teeth; perisome without calcareous deposits, except
in some species about anus; pedicels with terminal plates and deposits
in one species; deposits sometimes present in walls of genital tubes
and respiratory tree.
PSEUDOSTICHOPUS PROPINQUUS, new species.
Plate LXXI, figs. 3, 3a-b; Plate LX XII, figs. 2, 2a; Plate LX XII, fig. 3; Plate
LXXIV, fig. 1; Plate LX XVI, figs. 3, 3a-0.
Contour of body as viewed from above or below rather broadly
elliptical; ventral surface slightly arched, dorsal surface decidedly so,
Mouth directed ventrally, but terminal. Anus in a prominent ver-
tical furrow at extremity of body; more ventral than dorsal. Anal
furrow, caused by the body growing caudad on either side of anus,
forming two prominent mammillated processes. Tentacles 18 (to 20 7)
with small circular peltate crowns; entirely retracted. Ambulacral
appendages for the most part very inconspicuous and small, in the
form of minute pedicels (7) and papille scattered along ambulacra;
those of either ventro-lateral ambulacrum most prominent on account
of asingle irregular row of small mammiform tubercles extending
from caudal process forward, and connecting with series of opposite
side in front of mouth. In addition, minute, thread-like papille are
scattered on either side of these tubercles which are capped by very
slender pedicels or papille; and avery few are to be found in mid-
ventral region; papille of dorsal ambulacra very slender, long, and
thread like; apparently not regularly arranged. Perisome devoid of
any calcareous deposits; no supporting rods or terminal plates in am-
bulacral appendages. Walls of gonad and respiratory trees contain
branched rods. Body wall translucent, rather thin except along either
edge, which is thickened by a subcutaneous jelly-like substance, form-
ing a sort of rim to the hody. More or less mud, sponge spicules, and
foraminifera cling to integument, especially on ventral surface. Color
in alcohol, translucent whitish. Length of largest specimen, about
50 mm.; width, about 25 min.
Locality.—Station 3866, northeast approach to Pailolo Channel,
between Maui and Molokai islands, 283 to 284 fathoms, gray mud, fine
sand ; bottom temperature 43.8° ; 2 specimens.
| Oe
99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Type.—Cat. No. 21217, U.S.N.M.
On account of the tentacles being entirely retracted, as well as small,
it is difficult to compute the number exactly ; 18 were found, but it is
entirely probable the number is as high as 20. Crowns of tentacles
are of the usual aspidochirot form. The mouth is decidedly ventral
when tentacles are retracted. It is encircled in front (but not caudad)
by the continuous series of small tubercular papilliform processes
which mark the ventro-lateral ambulacra. Each of these processes
is surmounted by one or sometimes two slender papille. When re-
tracted partially they resemble pedicels. There appear to be numer-
ous pedicels also, however, as determined by microscopic examina-
tion. The absence of any terminal plate in the ambulacral appendages
as well as their small size renders any distinction rather risky. In
the smaller specimen I was able to make out a number of very small
papilliform pedicels along mid-ventral region, where the longitudinal
muscle shows through body wall in larger example, but in the latter
only a very few exceedingly minute pedicels are discoverable. Scat-
tered along either side of the more prominent ventro-lateral pedicels
and papillse are numerous smaller very inconspicuous ones, to be seen
readily only with a bright light and a strong glass. No regular
arrangement can be made out. Along the two dorsal ambulacra are
scattered a few long, very slender papille, which appear to form a
double row in the anterior portion, at least. Some of these papille
are very thread-like. On account of the difficulty in seeing them it is
impossible to give a thoroughly accurate account of their arrange-
ment. : 222.2. 5 see 222-387 | Fine white sand, foraminifera, rocks.
3995 | Vicinity Kauai Island)t.---.254--2sseeees | 427-676 | Fine gray sand, rocks.
A0TOn eae (oer eeE ier sore yaner. aero Cs = tees 550-409 | Gray sand, foraminifera, rocks.
4022 al eee GOs Fees et Bs ae eee ee 399-374 | Coral sand, foraminifera, rocks.
4028 |..... GO Se i oe eee oe eee ene 444-478 | Gray sand globigerina.
4038 | West Coast Hawaii Island ..........:..... 689-670 | Gray mud, foraminifera.
4089 |..... AOee te eon Sheen ee ee | 670-697 Do.
41417 Vicinity Kauainislandis soos see seen 437-632 | Volcanic sand, foraminifera.
A176) Vicinity Niihauulsland sees seem sen oes | 672-537 | Gray sand, mud, foraminifera.
41 87|| Vicinity Kauai Island. nescence ee eee | 508-703 | Gray sand, foraminifera.
|
Most of the specimens are badly dilapidated on account of the
extreme delicacy or softness of the outer portion of the body wall.
Rough usage in the dredge has removed a large part of the perisome
and many of the pedicels, papille, and even tentacles from the majority
of specimens. The diagnosis and description are gathered from three
specimens, reasonably well preserved. The absence of deposits makes
the identification of this species a difficult matter, but I believe I am
justified in considering it a new form, in view of the differences which
appear to exist between itand its apparent nearest relative. The form
of the body varies with the state of contraction, but seems to be thick-
est in the middle, the anterior and posterior ends being bluntly rounded,
the former with a well defined rim of papille. Although the mouth
is ventral, it is at the end of the body and is surrounded by a fairly
broad peristome. The tentacles are about 5 to 8 mm. long, unless
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 695
contracted, and are surrounded by a narrow rim or collar independent
of the papille and very inconspicuous. The crowns of the tentacles
remind one of miniature cauliflowers. Pedicels of mid-ventral radius
are usually retracted flush with level of perisome so that it is difficult
to get an idea of their size. They are not exactly paired, but seem to
alternate in the two rows. Between the anterior end of these series and
the mouth I was able to discern, in one specimen, three or four widely
separated, much smaller pedicels which seemed to continue the two
series. The larger pedicels are about 8 mm. apart and the two series
about 6mm. Pedicels of lateral radii are wholly ventral in position
and appear to increase in size as they proceed forward. In the only
specimen in which they are at all expanded they appear to spring from
arather fleshy base, are about 6mm. long, and appear larger than
mid-ventral pedicels. As noted in the diagnosis this series does not
extend farther forward than middle of body. Separated from the
pedicels by about 6 or 7 mm. is the continuous series of numerous
papille which forma border completely around body, but well marked
only in the anterior and posterior portions. This border is very deli-
cate and has been scraped off of the majority of specimens along sides
of body. The only ambulacral appendages, therefore, on the lateral
radii in anterior half of body are the papille. These are more numer-
ous in the posterior half than the adjacent pedicels, are slender, and
not particularly conspicuous. In vicinity of mouth the papille are
about 10 to 12 mm. long, purple in color, and two or three appear
often to spring from acommon base, although this appearance may be
due to injury. Papille along sides of body are very numerous, but
on account of frequent imperfections it is impossible to ascertain exact
numbers. It must be remembered that these papille do not form
along the edge of the body such a conspicuous rim as is present in
P. confundens. In fact, a brim is apparent only at the two extremi-
ties. Neither can the mouth with tentacles be retracted as is appar-
ently the case with confundens. The longest dorsal papilla near ante-
rior end of body is 18 mm. and very slender. The papille appear to
decrease in size as they proceed caudad,
No calcareous ring. Madreporic canal single, in dorsal mesentery.
No free tentacle ampulle. Polian vesicles two, of about equal length,
40 mm. long; in one specimen of somewhat unequal length. Tissue
between ring canal and base of tentacles dotted with purple. Gonad
in two tufts, the tubules once dichotomously branched. Intestine
with a large, lobed, fleshy diverticulum about 25 mm. behind ring
canal. Respiratory tree very large, the right branch when perfect
reaching as far forward as ring canal. The tube is large and the side
branches, which are scattered along its whole length, have also rather
wide tubes, ending in more finely branched dendritic vesicles. The
left tree is not quite half so long as the right, but is much more intri-
696 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. xxxu.
cately and fully branched, having a very bushy appearance. It is in
relation with an extensive and conspicuous rete mirabile of the intes-
tine. This rete mirabile, which is as well developed as in some
species of Holothuria, begins about 30 mm. behind the diverticulum
of intestine and extends over L100 mm., occupying nearly all of the
first large, backwardly directed U-shaped tract of the intestine. The
vessels of the plexus are wonderfully numerous, being larger in
the anterior portion of the rete mirabile than in the posterior (with
reference to intestine, since the morphological posterior end of plexus
is a little anterior to the front end, on account of U-shaped twist
of alimentary canal). Longitudinal muscle bands divided, the mid-
ventral strand the narrowest, the two dorsal remarkably wide,
about twice as wide as the mid-ventral. The ventrolaterals are inter-
mediate in size. Cloacal dilation is large, extending about 40 mm.
forward from anus.
This species differs from true Pxlopatides in two very important
particulars, namely, in the possession of ventrolateral pedicels in the
hinder half of body (these being absent in typical Pedopatides) and in
having a well-developed rete mirabile. One of the characters given
for the subfamily Synallactine is the absence of a rete mirabile.
There can be no doubt, however, that the present form is a Pxlo-
patides or nearly related genus, because the outward habit, lack of
free tentacle ampulle, two unequal Polian vesicles, large intestinal
cecum, and absence of calcareous deposits all point to it. I am not
so sure that the type of the genus is without a rete mirabile, for Théel
says“ in the description of confundens: ** The left [respiratory] tree
is shorter but more branched, its ramifications being in communication
with the plexus of pseudhemal vessels. The right tree attains almost
the length of the body itself.” So far as the trees are concerned
this agrees exactly with retifer. Ludwig makes no comment on this
in his diagnosis of the Synallactine. His specimens of confundens
seem to have lost the left tree and most of intestine, so that naturally
the rete mirabile would be missing. Sluiter, who lists P. confundens
in his Siboga Holothurioidea, does not mention the rete mirabile or
make any reference to the apparently unnoticed remark of Théel
above quoted. Inasmuch as Sluiter’s specimens lacked the intestinal
diverticulum I think there are grave doubts as to their being true
confundens. Théel’s type came from off the coast of Chile, in the
latitude of Valparaiso, while Sluiter’s specimens were taken in the
distant East Indian region (between 116° and 132° E., and 0°-8° S.).
Retifer appears to be distantly related to P. purpureo-punctatus
Sluiter. It differs from this form in having a single continuous
series of papillee all along the ventrolateral radii, in addition to about
ten large pedicels, which forma separate series parallel with the above
@Challenger Holothurioidea, Pt. 2, p. 156.
No 1555 HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS— FISHER. 697
in the hinder half of body. In Sluiter’s species there is a single row
of about thirty large pedicels all along these radii, and in addition
numerous scattered slender and smaller papillee and pedicels which do
not appear to form a single series as in ret/fer. ‘The lateral pedicels
of purpureo-punctatus are apparently larger than in ret7fer, and there
is no fringe of papille under the anus as in ref/fer; neither is the body
wall so thick and jelly-like. Koehler and Vaney have created a genus
Bathysona, to which this species is possibly referable. Lathyzona
has the general form of Pelopatides, but the pedicels instead of being
limited to the medium radius of the ventral surface, form 4 distinct
rows, two median and two lateral, the latter near the border. Type
is B. incerta Keebler and Vaney, which has 9 tentacles and triradiate
caleareous bodies not unlike those of Pxloputides. The internal
organization is unknown. Pxlopatides purpureo-punctatus is by no
means typical, but does not seem to be referable to Bathyzona. Until
the anatomy of this genus is better known I prefer to rank re¢7fer in
Pelopatides. The distribution of pedicels in connection with the
absence of deposits will serve easily to distinguish it from any species
referred to P:loputides.
Family ELPIDIIDA Théel.
Elpidiide Tater, Challenger Holothurioidea, Pt. 1, 1882, p. 10.—Lupwie, Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zool., X VI, No. 3, 1894, p. 39( = Elasipoda Théel).
Subfamily DEIMATIN 4% (Théeel) Ludwig.
Deimatide THkEt, Challenger Holothurioidea, Pt. 1, 1882, p. 60.
Deimatine Lupwic, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VII, No. 5, 1894, p. 63.
Genus SCOTODEIMA Ludwig.
Scotodeima Lupwic, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XVII, No. 3, 1894, pp. 74, 75.
Type, S. setigerum Ludwig.
Twenty moderately large tentacles; along each ventrolateral radius
a double row of large pedicels, and above thema series of long slender
nonretractile papille (flank-papille); a double row of similar papille
on each dorsal radius; median ventral radius with a few scattered
smaller pedicels; mouth and anus ventral. Deposits: Stout simple rods
and four-armed rods, more or less modified; all deposits of relatively
jarge size. The genus stands between Orphnurgus and Onetrophanta.
SCOTODEIMA VITREUM, new species.
Plate LX XIV, figs. 2, 2a; Plate LX XV, figs. 1, la-e, 2, 2a-c, 3, 4; Plate LX XVI,
a A eo
meer Me Mees A.
General contour of body elliptical with nearly equally rounded ante-
rior and posterior extremities. Ventral surface flattened; dorsal sur-
face well arched; ventro-lateral margin as well rounded as permitted
by relatively immense papille. Mouth and anus ventral, the former
698 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXXII.
latter by a number of small pedicels. Ventrolateral ambulacra with
2 series of large robust pedicels, those of outer series two to three
times as large as those of inner, which are rather irregularly arranged
along a zigzag line; inner series with about 17 also, not counting the
small pedicels surrounding anus. Median ventral ambulacrum with a
small pedicel at interior third of body, one at posterior third, another
a little nearer than midway between the last and anus, and three or
four much smaller ones in front of the anus, three of which seem to
form part of the group of anal pedicels. Above outer row of pedicels
is aseries, more or less irregular, of long flank papillee (nonretractile),
their walls strengthened by long slender spicules. The longer papille
are 18 to 22 mm. in length and about 1.5 to 2 mm. thick at base. The
larger alternate sometimes with shorter slender ones; in all there are 23
to one side and 28 or 29 to the other. With two or three exceptions all
papillz shown in fig. 2, Plate LX_XIV, belong to flank series. Dorsal
papillz in an irregular double row along each ambulacrum; of about
same length as laterals, but slenderer; 17 or 18 to outer row, about 30 to
inner. Deposits: In papille, long slender rods with expanded spatu-
late tips; in pedicels slightly curved rods with short branches near tip;
in ventral perisome, robust smooth rods forked at either end and notched,
or twice to three times dichotomously branched, the tip with a few circu-
lar perforations; in dorsal perisome, smooth rods similar to those of
papille, but averaging shorter and with tips frequently slightly forked,
together with large dichotomously branched rods similar to but larger
than those of the ventral perisome, and occasional rods branched only
at one end; small spiny and branched rods in wall of gonad. Calca-
reous ring consisting of both radial and interradial pieces. Color trans-
lucent whitish, the pedicels tipped with orange; papille with a glassy
appearance. Length, 45 mm.; breadth, about 16 mm.
Locality.—Station 3979, vicinity of Bird Island, 222 to 387 fathoms,
fine white sand, foraminifera, rocks, bottom temperature 54°; one
specimen.
Type—Cat. No. 21219,U.S.N.M.
The lateral or outermost series of pedicels is obviously irregular,
but in the posterior region is considerably foreshortened. The inner
-eries is not quite so regular, as may be seen from the figure. Outer
pedicels average about 5 mm. in length, the inner 2 to 3 mm.; both
are rigid, owing to rods in the walls. Pedicels of median ambulacrum
considerably slenderer. Three pedicels very obviously belong to the
series, since they are arranged along the line of the median ventral
musele band which shows through the body wall. Of the pedicels
surrounding the anus some belong to the median and some to the
lateral ambulacra. They are much shorter than any others. Walls
of tentacles are strengthened by rods. Crowns do not appear to be
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 699
obviously subdivided into lobes. The body when viewed from below
presents a lateral bristling fringe of the long, stiff, and remarkable
papillz, whose walls are exceedingly brittle from crowded, long, glassy
spicules easily seen with the naked eye, as in fact are the rods of the
larger pedicels. These papillee when perfect are longest at about the
middle of the body and decrease in length, forward and backward.
They taper gradually but not evenly from a stout base to a rather
finely-pointed extremity. The distal portion of the perfect papille
has an inconspicuous lateral flange of tissue free from spicules, the
latter being crowded into a very slender core at one side. In the
posterior half of body a very few of the papille are a little slenderer
than alternate ones, but there is no regularity in this. Near anterior
extremity of body three or four smaller papille (7, 4, c, fig. 2, Plate
LXXIV) formarudimentary second row of lateral papillee. They stand
just above the larger laterals and appear distinct from dorsals. At
posterior extremity, as well as at anterior, the papille are rather
crowded and many of the dorsal are matted down, forming an almost
inextricable mass. Only the true lateral or flank papillse are shown in
the figure. Of these there appear to be more on the left side (right
of figure), as indicated in diagnosis. The integument of ventral sur-
face is rather thin, but rigid on account of the numerous rods which
can just be discerned with the naked eye. With a moderately strong
glass they can be clearly seen. A dorsal view of the animal presents
a matted mass of long, slender, brittle papille. The bases of lateral
papillee extend well onto dorsal surface by reason of the fact that
the dorsoventral diameter of base is much greater than the hori-
zontal, being about 4 mm. The dorsum slopes off gradually onto
the upper surface of the papille. Along either dorsal ambulacrum
are about two irregular series of long papille similar in charac-
ter to the laterals. The outer of the two series contains about
seventeen or eighteen slender papille, about one-third or one-half
the diameter of the larger laterals and 20 mm. in length. The
spicules appear to be congregated along one side of each papille,
the rest of wall being transparent. Papille of inner series are much
more numerous (about thirty), are very irregularly arranged, and
are considerably slenderer than the outer series, but appear to be
of the same length. Owing to the fact that these papille are matted
together very intricately it is difficult to make out with absolute
accuracy their arrangement. Some papillz of outer series have three
of inner series opposite them, others only one or two. The essential
feature is that the inner row of each ambulacrum contains more than
twice as many papille as the outer and is very irregular in arrange-
ment. The greater part of the dorsal surface is occupied by the flar-
ing bases of the papille. The integument is somewhat translucent,
the spicules being visible to the naked eye.
700 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Calcareous ring very flexible and delicate, the radial and interradial
pieces being joined apparently in one continuous piece; at all events,
the line of demarkation is invisible. Form of ring is shown by figure.
(Plate LX XIV, fig. 2a.) Anterior edge of pieces isso thin that itappears
scarcely more than a translucent deposit of lime in the membrane; but
the core of both radial and interradial pieces is thicker and is indicated
by the lightly shaded portions of figure. Madreporic canal is of con-
siderable thickness, running forward in dorsal mesentary and entering
the body wall on level with calcareous ring. One rather large Polian
vesicle. Ring canal and adjacent portions of radial canals conspicuous.
Gonad forms two tufts on either side of dorsal mesentery, just behind
ring canal, the genital duct running forward beneath madreporic canal.
Walls of gonad contain comparatively few irregular thorny or slightly
branched rods. Longitudinal muscle bands thin and weak.
Ventral perisome contains smooth robust rods dichotomously
branched at extremities and with one to several perforations at the
tips. The majority have the simpler form shown in figures, but many
are thrice branched. The simpler forms usually have no terminal
perforations. These rods vary from 0.4 to 0.57 mm. in length. Com-
paratively few are slightly longer. The figures were drawn from
deposits along midventral line. Dorsal perisome is rendered rigid by
long, stout, smooth, simple rods with the tips expanded and perforated;
or the tips may be divided and each division slightly expanded and
perforated. Fewer rods are branched at one end only, the branches
being fairly long. Besides these there are comparatively few rods of
robust form once or twice dichotomously branched, similar to but very
much larger than some of the ventral deposits. These are usually
symmetrical at either end and the tips are expanded and several times
perforated. The simple rods are much the more numerous and meas-
ure about 0.95 to 1.8 mm. in length; some are as short as 0.8 mm.
Rods branched at one end only are about 1.6 mm. long; those branched
dichotomously vary from 0.9 to 1.3 mm. Rods in lateral and dorsal
papillee are of the same form but differ in size, those of the former
being slenderer. The rods are simple, expanded at the tip into a
spoon-shaped blade, many times perforated. Rods at base of lateral
papille are remarkable as to size, many measuring 3.5 mm. in length.
(Plate LX XV, fig. 1d.) Atabout middle they measure 1.6 mm. and grad-
ually diminish in length and caliber toward extremity, where they are
about 0.65 to0.95 mm. long, and very slender (fig. 1c). Indorsal papillea
few of the basal rods attain a length of 3.2mm. They are practically
identical with those of lateral papille. Rods in pedicels are curved
and branched slightly at tips, occasionally with a perforation or two.
The longest measure about 1 mm., the shortest about 0.2mm. Rods
in walls of gonad are irregular, about 0.2 to 0.4 mm. in length, with
scattered prominent thorns and occasionally one or two short branches.
NO. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 701
With the exception of one of the rods of wall of gonad all the accom-
panying figures represent the deposits enlarged sixty-five times.
This affords an easy method of comparison for deposits from different
parts of the body. Thus it is seen ata glance that the rods of the
dorsal perisome are very much larger than those of the ventral, ete.
This remarkable species differs from Scotodeima setigerum Ludwig
in the greater development of the papille, in the diversity in the
number of dorsal papillee of inner and outer series, in the form and
greater size of the deposits, particularly those of the ventral and dorsal
perisome, in the number of tentacles, and in the form of the calcareous
ring, the latter being composed of radial and interradial pieces. The
radial piece is pierced by a hole. If the figures of deposits of wtrewmn
are compared with those of setigerum” (the magnification being taken
into account), the difference in size is at once apparent, especially in the
rods of dorsal perisome and of papille. The rods of the pedicels also
present important points of difference, best appreciated by a compari-
son of figures. Possibly the difference in the calcareous ring is most
important, the interradial pieces being absent in set/gerum. 8. vitreum
differs from S. protectum Sluiter? in the outer form, number of ten-
tacles, form of calcareous ring, and in the shape of the deposits. It
must be remembered that the commonest form of rod in the dorsal
perisome of S. vitrewm is the simple unbranched one. In both the
other species the four-armed kind appear to be the only ones, and are
considerably smaller than in wtrewm. On the whole w/trewm appears
more nearly related to protectum, which was taken by the Siboga
expedition in latitude 0° 34’ 6” north, longitude 119° 8’ 5” east, 1,301
meters. SS. setigerum was dredged by the fisheries steamer Albatross at
Station 3362, east of Cocos Island, 1,175 fathoms.
Genus ORPHNURGUS Théel.
Orphnurgus THEEL, Preliminary Report on the Holothuride of H. M. 8. Chal-
lenger, fv. Ak. Forh., Bihang V, No. 19, 1879, p. 8; Challenger Holothurio-
idea, Pt. 1, 1882, p. 82. Type, O. asper Théel.
Tentacles 15 to 20, rather large, nonretractile. Lateral ambulacra of
ventral surface with very large pedicels disposed in a single row all
along each side of that surface, and with another series of slender,
flexible processes placed above pedicels all along each side of body.
Odd ambulacrum naked. Dorsal surface with a more or less crowded
series of numerous long papille disposed in one or two rows along each
dorsal ambulacrum. Integument with deposits in the form of smooth
or spiny rods sometimes dichotomously branched, or rods transformed
into solid large ellipsoids.
«Ludwig, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., X VII, No. 3, Oct. 1894, p. 72, pl. vu, figs. 7-13;
pl. vim, fig. 1-4.
bSiboga Holothurioidea, 1901, pl. 1, fig. 7;-pl. 1x, fig. 4.
702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII,
ORPHNURGUS INSIGNIS, new species.
Plate LX XIII, fig. 1; Plate LX XVII, figs. 1, la-e, 2, 2a-c, 3, 3a-e.
In general form resembling Orphnurgus asper Théel, but with dorsal
papille arranged in a single series along each ambulacrum. Body
subeylindrical, slightly broader anteriorly than posteriorly; ventral
surface flattened, dorsal well rounded. Mouth terminal, but turned
ventralward, large; anus terminal, large, somewhat dorsal. Tentacles,
17 to 20, rather long, nonretractile, with peltoid, divided crowns;
ventral tentacles apparently shorter than laterals. Along margin of
ventral surface 17 to 22, very large, slightly tapering, cylindrical
pedicels with rounded tips, decreasing in length at posterior extremity.
Just above these a row of 12 to 18 long, rather slender, tapering
papille. Along each dorsal ambulacrum a single series of 12 to 36 long
papillee, usually unequal in size and somewhat smaller than the laterals;
the longest, longer than width of body (in some specimens papille are
comparatively short). Integument rather thin in fully expanded
specimens, that of ventral surface roughened by the deposits, partic-
ularly near posterior extremity. Deposits: In dorsal perisome nearly
straight smooth rods of widely varying thickness expanded slightly
at tips, bearing several short branches once or twice dichotomously
divided, the larger rods usually having a single perforation at either
end (Plate XII, fig. 1, 1a, 4, ¢); also four-armed rods dichotomously
divided at tips, and rods intermediate between this and first variety
(Plate XII, fig. 1d, ¢); in ventral perisome very much thicker and
heavier rods, dumb-bell shaped with longer and shorter spines which
are bifid to multifid at tips, scattered over the subspherical terminal
portions; also very many smaller rods with a few or no spines at blunt
tips. (Plate XII, fig. 2, 2a, ¢.) On posterior third of body these
dumb-bell shaped deposits are gradually transformed into irregular
ellipsoids spiny along one side and much larger and heavier than other
deposits. Ellipsoids are of various sizes and are very crowded.
(Plate XII, fig. 3, 8a, 3c.) In pedicels, stout, simple, or triradiate
rods more or less spiny at tips (34, 5’, d, e); in papille simple slender
rods once or twice divided at tips (1c). Color in life, yellowish sal-
mon-color, pinker on body and yellower on pedicels and_ papille.
Toward tips of pedicels are small spots of yellowish brown. Tentacles
yellow at tips. Length of largest specimen, about 160 mm. in con-
tracted state.
Localities.—Type (Cat. No. 21220, U.S.N.M.) from Station 4134,
vicinity of Kauai Island, 324 to 225 fathoms, fine coral sand, volcanic
sand; bottom temperature, 43.3°; 5 specimens. ‘Taken also at follow-
ing stations, in all 118 specimens:
No. 1555. HAWAITAN HOLOTHURIANS
FISHER. 708
List of stations.
Sta-
tion.
Locality. Depth. Nature of bottom.
3836 | South coast Molokai Island Brownish gray mud, sand.
BSS Oulaese. Oh@ige Bosco otead Gee Bo ESOC ee ener y 56 | Light brown mud, sand,
3883 | Pailolo Channel between 44. | Globigerina ooze.
Molokai islands.
SO7Gal eV clnityeOtebirdelsland’..2 0-2... c.<- 2 - 222-387 | Fine white sand, foraminifera rocks.
3988 | Vicinity of Kauai Island................. 469-165 | Gray foraminiferous sand, pebbles.
B994 Geos (0X0) pe 8e55 SASe pee BsaU EERO SORAanM a emee 330-382 | Fine gray sand, foraminifera.
BYE (N taeaac 6X0) c cceecs sneer e boned cobe cOnCOTSEanEee 418-429 | Fine gray sand, brown mud.
AOU el ease = GOR aera reece cee caine semen =.c tees 362-318 | Gray sand, rocks.
AQQT eo 5=5 Ol ca aacbooe naa o an SoeAGcCOCOSeEonODonae | 286-399 | Coral sand, foraminifera.
4025 |.--.-- GOS Seamer me stcicisacinte se ciecieeiste Seine 275-868 | Fine gray sand, broken shells, forami-
| nifera.
4041 | West coast of Hawaii Island ............. Gray mud, foraminifera,
ANSSale Northcoast) Maul Island’. 22. -22..--- Gray sand,
A084 | eeeae Oe a eee sce a nise soci Se ares telateaie , Fine gray sand.
4085 |....- GO Sasacre acre caer ccetosee aes ae ere 267-283 | Sand, shells.
420860 peer COREA meen aoe tebe santa cies iie s/s 283-308 Do.
4096 | Northeast approach to Pailolo Channel..| 272-286 | Fine gray sand.
4123 | Southwest coast of Oahu Island.......--. 352-357 | Fine gray sand and mud.
AOR Wacinity of Mauve Islanders. so... g-- ---7 339-437 | Fine gray sand.
3475 | South coast of Oahu Island ............-- 351 Fine white sand.
The general form of body varies, of course, with degree of contrac-
tion. In well expanded specimens dorsal surface is rather high and
the lateral interambulacra are rather rounded. In a natural state the
specimen shown in fig. 1, Plate LX XIII would be considerably longer.
The large pedicels appear to be pretty constantly 17 to a side for
medium-sized individuals and 19 to 22 for the larger ones. In pre-
served specimens they are unequal in length, the longest being 33 mm.
in type. Those near anterior extremity are longer than the more
posteriorly situated ones. Lateral papille in type are longer than
pedicels, 17 and 18 in number, to two sides respectively (pedicels 20).
In many small specimens they are quite short and rather distantly
spaced, the difference being not altogether due to contraction.
Smaller specimens with 17 pedicels have 11 to 17 lateral papille.
Number and size of dorsal papillee is also variable, ranging from 12 (to
one ambulacrum) in a 90 mm. individual to 36 in a 120 mm. specimen.
In most of the small and medium sized individuals they are very much
less numerous and conspicuous than in the figured (type) specimen.
Some of this difference is due to contraction. In the type the papille
are fully expanded and the anterior and posteriormost are longest of
any. In all but two of the specimens the papille appear to be
arranged in a fairly regular linear series along each of the two dorsal
radii. The exceptions are two small specimens noted in a separate
paragraph below. Normal number of tentacles appears to be 20,
although they may be as few as 17. The walls are strengthened by
spiny tipped rods. (Plate LX XVII, figs. 14, 2c, 30’, 8d.) Crown is
oblique, subpeltate, with about ten branched divisions ending in small]
subglobular papille. The two distalmost branches are much the
45
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07
704 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
largest, the others being graduated toward proximal edge of crown.
Théel’s figure” shows a contracted imperfect specimen.
Polian vesicle single, about 15 to 25 mm. long in medium sized
specimens, slender. Madreporic canal rather conspicuous, lodged in
dorsal mesentery, and running forward to enter body wall imme-
diately between the two anteriormost, long dorsal papille. There
appears to be no enlarged madreporic body such as Théel describes
for asper. Ring canal and proximal portions of radial canals promi-
nent. Calcareous ring rudimentary, consisting of slight deposits of
lime in the tissue. Gonad composed of two small tufts on either side
of dorsal mesentery immediately behind ring canal. Tubules short,
simple, clavate. Genital duct runs forward just above madreporic
canal, opening to the exterior by either one or two small papille
usually situated just posterior to the two large dorsal tentacles.
Longitudinal muscle bands double, rather slender. Ampulle of
pedicels and papillae have the cecal appendage in body cavity short,
usually unbranched, except in largest individuals.
One of the commonest forms of spicules of dorsal perisome is that
shown by fig. 1, Plate LX XVII, which ranges from 0.55 to 0.8 mm. in
length. The number of branches varies, some having fewer, others
more than shown in figure. Size of perforations also is variable.
Rods of other shapes (a, 4, c) are essentially like the first, only slen-
derer. Average lengths for a, 4, and care 0.6, 0.5, and 0.4 mm., respec-
tively. They vary considerably in length. The four-armed rods,
recalling those of Scotodeima setigerum, are numerous, and range from
0.35 to 0.5 mm. in length. More or less perfect triradiate forms with
equal arms are common, as well as forms intermediate with straight
rods (¢) about 0.6 mm. long. In the region of the lateral tentacles
forms intermediate between figs. 1 and 2, la and 2a, le and 24, ¢, e,
may be found, or either the one or the other, this being the region
of transition between the dorsal and ventral surfaces. The ventral
perisome is characterized by much heavier and more crowded depos-
its, especially toward the posterior end, where the relatively very
large ellipsoids and dumb-bell rods are massed together as thick as
possible, forming sometimes more than a single layer. Characteristic
forms of rods are shown by figs. 2 to 2e, these gradually passing into
such predominating forms as 38, 3a, 3c, in posterior third of ventral
surface. Sometimes the latter forms predominate over the whole
ventral surface, the slenderer rods taking second place. These ellip-
soids are highly characteristic of this species, and commonly attain a
size of 0.9 by 0.6 mm., varying down to 0.3 mm. in length. The
largest are irregularly spiny along one side and the surface is irregular.
The proportion of ellipsoids varies in different individuals; usually
various sizes of 3a, 2b, and 2d and intermediate Torms predominate,
“Challenger Holothurioidea, Pt. 1, pl. xxiv, fig. 3,
No. 1555. HAWAITAN HOLOTHURIA NS— FISHER. 705
with intermediate stages between 2 and 3v. The small ellipsoids and
rods are very numerous, many as small as 0.18 mm. in length (2e).
In a single individual all stages between fig. 1 of the dorsal surface
and 3 of the ventral are present, the series being 1—2-3a-38. Since the
deposits are so variable in minute detail, the figures give a far better
conception than description can give. In the papille the rods are
practically identical with 14 and 1a, and vary in length from 0.2 to 0.6
mm. In pedicels such forms as 3), 3b’, 3d, 3e predominate, 3b’ being
at tip and about 0.2 mm. in tength.
Variations.—There are two specimens out of the one hundred and
twenty-three odd examples of this species, which, if seen without the
others, might lead to some curious conclusions concerning the genus.
One is from Station 4041, the other from 3836, both hauls containing
also typical specimens. That from 3836 has about thirty pedicels along
each ventro-lateral radius, disposed 77 two ¢rregular series, somewhat
~as in Scotodeima. The inner pedicels, which are the smaller, usually
alternate with the outer, forming with them a sharply zig-zag series.
Seattered along mid-ventral radius are ten smaller pedicels, five of
them being in anterior third of body. Along each dorsal ambulacrum
about thirty papille cm «a double row. The specimen being rather
small (50 mm.), there is something peculiar in the deposits. Those of
dorsal surface are rather shorter and stouter than in typical form,
being of the a, 4, ¢, d, shapes (fig. 1); and in addition are many very
short stout rods (0.18 mm.) unsymmetrically branched at either end.
Deposits of ventral perisome are of 24, 2d, 2e, 3c, 3d types, with few
spines. In addition are a few very small simple rods (2e) 0.05 to
0.08 mm. long, possibly larger rods in course of development.
The second specimen (Station 4041) is 72 mm. long and has twenty-
six very small pedicels along the mid-ventral line (recalling Pannychia)
forming a double row for about two-thirds the length of body. There
are about twenty-four pedicels along either side of ventral surface ina
single row. The numerous dorsal papille form a double row along each
ambulacrum. Deposits of dorsal perisome are slender, of the a, , c,d
types (fig. 1). Those of ventral perisome consist of stout and slender
rods, the former modifications of fig. 2, 2a types, the latter of the la
type. They range from 0.15 to 0.45 mm. long, and have unusually
large robust spines. Of course the presence of a double ventro-
lateral series of pedicels and median ventral pedicels is quite abnormal
for this genus. Although the deposits are not typical they seem to
belong in with those of the other specimens. The presence of a
double row of dorsal papille recalls O. asper Théel, but the pedicels
and madreporic canal, as well as deposits, are different. There seems
to be no other course than to regard these specimens as very aberrent
examples of O. dnsignis.
This species differs from 0. asper in the form and size of the
706 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
deposits, and from QO. glaber (Walsh) in having one instead of two rows
of papille along each dorsal ambulacrum. In respect to deposits ¢nszg-
nis resembles glaber more than asper. Koehler and Vaney have very
adequately described and figured O. glaber. The deposits of this
species lack the large ellipsoids and the more elaborate cruciform
rods. QO. invalidus Koehler and Vaney has 15 tentacles, has simple
rods much like those of Scotodeima, and a double row of papille along
each dorsal radius. In respect to the deposits the species, as noted by
the describers, approaches Scotodeima.
Genus LZ TMOGONE Théel.
Letmogone THtet, Preliminary Report on the Holothuridze of H. M. 8. Chal-
lenger, Gifv. Ak. Férth., Bihang., V, No. 19, 1879, pp. 9-10;\ Challenger
Holothurioidea, Pt. 1, 1882, p. 73. Type, L. wyville-thomsoni Théel.
Tentacles 15 to 20, rather large, not retractile. Lateral ambulacra
of ventral surface with large or medium-sized pedicels disposed in a
simple series all along each side of that surface. Odd ambulacrum
naked. Dorsal surface with long or short flexible processes or papillee
disposed in a single or double series all along each of the ambulacra.
Perisome with numerous wheels and with rods and sometimes cruciform
bodies.
LAETMOGONE BISERIALIS, new species,
Plate LX XV, figs. 5, 5a; Plate LX XVIII, figs. 1, la-e.
Body rather elongate, four and one-half to five times as long as
broad, tapering slightly at posterior end, which is bluntly rounded;
anterior extremity rounded. Ventral surface flattened, dorsal weli
arched. Mouth terminal but ventral; anus terminal. Tentacles im-
perfect, but apparently not more than 15; crowns peltate. Pedicels
slender, 8 to 10 mm. long at middle of body, numerous, about fifty
to a side, forming a single series along each ventro-lateral radius.
Midventral radius naked. Papillz rather short (3 to 5 mm.), forming
two series along each dorsal ambulacrum, about sixty-four papille to
each radius. Deposits: In ventral perisome, small wheels with twelve
short spokes and four rather large holes in the nave, two of the holes
being larger than the other pair, together with simple rods smooth or
uneven along sides and somewhat spiny and irregularly roughened at
tips. In dorsal perisome large and small wheels, the former particu-
larly about base of papille. Large wheels with usually twelve spokes,
and a large nave with six equal perforations. Papille with crowded
small wheels, a rudimentary terminal plate, and a few rods near tip.
Pedicels with much less crowded, small wheels, and many slightly
curved supporting rods, sparsely spiny on either terminal third; large
perforated terminal plate present. Color of formalin specimen grayish
violet. Length, about 90 mm.; width, about 20 mm.
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS— FISHER. Ot
Localities.—Type (Cat. No. 21221, U.S.N.M.) from Station 4141,
vicinity of Kauai Island, 437 to 632 fathoms, volcanic sand, foraminif-
era; bottom temperature, 41°. Station 3988, vicinity of Kauai, 469 to
165 fathoms, gray foraminiferous sand, pebbles.
All but six of the tentacies have been rubbed off, so that it is impos-
sible to give the exact number, which appears, however, to be in the
neighborhood of fifteen. This species is especially characterized by
the numerous pedicels which form a crowded series along either
ventro-lateral radius. These pedicels are much slenderer than those of
Lextmogone wyville-thomsoni, or of any other figured species, and are
not spaced, the bases touching. They are largest in anterior two-
thirds of body and decrease slightly in length toward the posterior
extremity. Each pedicel has a flat, sole-like sucking disk about 1 to
1.5 mm. in diameter. Breadth of ventral surface between the two
series of pedicels is 16 mm. Papille: are decidedly small for genus,
and their arrangement in two series on each dorsal radius is unusual
for this group.
Calcareous ring is not divided into separate pieces, but forms a con-
tinuous ring as in Z. wyville-thomsoni. It is thicker and heavier than
in that species, and the radial portions present deep cup-shaped depres-
sions on the anterior face. Polian vesicle single, 13 mm. long. Mad-
reporic canal relatively shorter than in wyvlle. thomson? (about 5 mm.),
passing upward and backward to open near the middorsal line 18mm.
from anterior extremity of body. The canal on piercing the body
wall divides into seven, or probably even more, minute canals, but
inasmuch as the external perisome has been completely rubbed off it is
impossible to tell whether each of these tubules ends in a papilla as in
wyville-thomsoni. Gonad forms a large tuft on right and left sides of
mesentery; tubules branched. The gonoduct opens to the exterior
right beside the madreporic canal, but the papilla has been rubbed off.
No spicules in walls of gonad or of alimentary canal.
The wheels of ventral perisome are rather scattered and are more
numerous than the rods. Diameter varies from 0.054 to 0.065 mm.,
the wheels being thus all small and not greatly different in size. Gen-
erally there are twelve spokes, but occasionally thirteen or fourteen.
The rim is ona different plane from center; in other words, the wheel
is shaped like a shallow saucer, the edge being nearest surface of peri-
some. The large nave is quite constantly pierced by four holes, one
pair being always larger than the other. The rods separating these
holes form a convexity similar to that of the larger wheels (Plate XIII,
fig. 1a). Rods vary in length from 0.12 to 0.3 mm.; their form is
shown by figures. Owing to the fact that the outer perisome has been
scraped off the back, except on the papille and on their immediate
vicinity, it is not possible to give relative abundance of large and small
wheels between the rows of papille. Papille are crowded with small
708 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
0.068 mm. in diameter. The spokes are so short that, as in the ven-
tral wheels, the interspaces appear sometimes as mere perforations.
These wheels are essentially exactly like those of ventral perisome.
The large wheels (fig. 1) vary from 0.148 to 0.27 mm. in diameter, and
there are relatively few, intermediate in size with the small ones. The
spokes are short and the large nave is centrally pierced by six sym-
metrical holes, forming a nave within a nave.
| IV, fig. 8a.)
Surface of body very rough from the Surface of body smooth, not rough-
anchors (both in life and when preserved | ened by anchors either in life or when
in aleohol). Anchors he near surface. preserved. Anchors deep in the skin.
(Semper, ? Sluiter. )
Characteristic protuberances when pres- Characteristic protuberances when
ent forming five single series along body. | present forming five double series along
| body. (Semper, Pl. II.)
Color in life, reddish orange spotted — Colorinlife, uniform Van Dyke brown;
with brown, the brown forming trans- | in alcohol, uniform reddish brown or
verse more or less interrupted bands; ven- | dark brown. (Semper, Pl. Il, Théel. )
tral surface grayish posteriorly, spotted
with whitish and barred with dark gray.
aThéel states (Challenger Holothurioidea, Pt. 2, p. 20): ‘‘Cartilaginous ring
absent.’’ Semper does not mention the ring in his original description (Holothu-
rien, p. 12), but as he mentions its presence in all the species of Synaptula he
described we are led to suppose that the structure is absent in glabra. Further-
more, Sluiter, who has described numerous species of Synaptula (sub nomine Chon-
droclea), places glabra under Euapta, which he would not have done without
remark if a cartilaginous ring had been present. Ostergren, who gives primary
importance to the cartilaginous ring, did not find it in glabra.
>This I consider an important difference. Semper says (Holothurien, p. 11,
under Synapta beselii): ‘‘ Bei einer 3 Fuss langen neuen Art, meiner Synapta glabra,
liegen diese Organe [i. e., the anchors] im Gehen so tief in die Haut eingebettet,
dass ich sie wegen ihrer ganz glatten schlipfrigen Haut fiir ganz ankerlos hielt,
solange ich die Haut nicht microskopisch untersucht hatte.’? Under the description
of glabra (p. 12) he says: ‘‘Hier liegen die Anker * * * so tief in der Haut,
dass man sie erst nach dem Tode leicht erkennt, denn selbst unsanfte Berthrung
veranlasst das lebenskr.iftige Thier nicht im Mindesten sie hervorzustrecken, sodass
ich langer Zeit das Thier flr eine riesige Chirodota hielt.”’
I handled over a hundred Opheodesoma spectabilis in life and can safely affirm that
the anchors are in nowise embedded deep in the skin. They are in evidence as soon
as one picks up an animal.
There is no Synaptula with which the present species can be con-
fused, on account of the fundamental difference in the form of anchor
stock and the presence of numerous madreporic bodies in combination
with 15 tentacles. Several species have been listed as Synapta vittata,
these species being either Synaptula or Huapta. The Synapta or
Fistularia vittata of Forskal is unknown. Théel lists a 15-tentacled
* Synapta vittata,” which has a cartilaginous ring (according to Miller,
although Miller probably did not know a /%stularia vittata.) Under
HAWAITAN HOLOTHURIANS— FISHER. LOG
Z
2
on
On
on
his synonymy Théel gives a ioe rence fe rie: rapath.¢ a This pears is
that of some Avapta. Lampert? lists Synapta wittata, with the
same reference to Herapath in synonymy. He, however, examined
a specimen at first hand, for he found ** nwmerous madreporic bodies.”
No known species occurs which has madreporic bodies numerous
(Opheodesoma) and at the same time anchors and plates like those
figured by Herpath (Zvapta). Just as Doctor Ostergren says, in his
letter, different authors are trying to fasten Forskal’s name on to
several different species of at least two genera. Sluiter has recently ¢
listed a specimen of ‘* Chondroclwa wittata,” basing his identification
on Jiiger’s description,” but there is no telling what his 13-tentacled
species is. He gives no figures.
Thus it would seem that all the comparisons of Opheodesoma specta-
bil/s must be made within the genus and not with Synaptulas; Opheo-
desoma glabra is the only species which shows very close resemblances
with spectabilis.
Perhaps the erection of a new genus requires some defense. The
character of the anchor plates, the numerous madreporic canals, the
occasional presence of a cartilaginous ring differing in structure from
that of Synaptula, the presence of anterior projections on calcareous
ring divides the group of spectabilis, glabra, grisea, and serpentina very
sharply from that of godeffroy7 and lappa. In respect to the cartilag-
inous ring, spectabilis bridges the gap to Synaptula, but the differ-
ences in deposits are sharp, while the ring itself is different in structure.
Genus PROTANKYRA Ostergren.
Synapta (part) AuTHors up to Ostergren.
Protankyra Osrercren, Ofy. Ak. Forh., LV, 1898, p. 116. Type, Synapta abyssicola
Théel.
Tentacles 10 to 14 digitate with four or five digits. Retractor mus-
cles and cartilaginous ring absent. Anchor arms serrate, the vertex
without minute knobs or granules; stock or handle branched occa-
sionally. Anchor plates without abruptly narrowed handle and with
numerous irregular holes. Almost always an irregular perforated
arch over the attached end of plate, united with latter in several
places. Circumference of plate uneven or incomplete.
@Quarterly Jour. Mie. Sci., 1865, pl. 1, fig. 6, is exact reference, according to
Lampert.
b Seewalzen, p. 216.
¢Siboga Holothurioidea, p. 126.
4 De Holothuriis, 1833, p. 14.
728 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
PROTANKYRA ALBATROSSI, new species.
Plate LXXXI, figs. 1, la; Plate LK XXII, figs. 4, 4a-c.
Tentacles 12 (varying occasionally to 13 or 14), with 4 digits, the 2
terminal being longest, a series of three to six small ‘‘sensory cups”
on either side of tentacle between proximal digitand base. Two ventral
Polian vesicles. Madreporic canal, single, dorsal. Deposits: Anchors
with a rather long shaft, spiny handle and upward to nine teeth on
eitherarm. Anchor plates rather large, very variable, with two large
central holes and numerous smaller ones; edge uneven; occasionally an
incipient handle. Along the radii, in oral disk, and tentacles, many
irregular rod-shaped, C-shaped, O-shaped, and variously formed grains.
Color in life, translucent white, often with a pale lilac tinge. Length
of large specimen, 100 mm., slender.
Localities.—Type (Cat. No. 21227, U.S.N.M.) from Station 3840,
south coast of Molokai Island, 266 to 314 fathoms, light-brown mud,
sand, rocks; bottom temperature, 46°. Taken also at the following
stations:
List of Stations.
ra Locality. | Depth. | Nature of bottom.
ion. |
a ee ee | ———————— == ——
3835 | South coast of Molokai Island............ 169-182 | Fine brown sand, mud.
3836 |.-.-- One ails Sele nes sisen kot eleere® ae 238-255 | Brownish gray mud, sand.
38398 eae (6 (0 irs ae eet RG a sory SORE Res MEAS re ceiae 25 Light-brown mud, sand.
3895) ||... - GO... Soatsncs aj aceet eek se hectic acne tee see Coral, rocks.
3984 | Vicinity of Kauai Island................. Fine coral sand.
3998 |....- Oh Aosiceiane seen tien ee Sem omnes Coarse brown coral sand, shells, rocks.
4043 | West coast of Hawaii Island..........-.-. 236-233 | Gray sand, broken shells, rocks.
4044 |..... Osa Sak teen eee ee eee ae elo 233-198 | Fine gray sand.
4079 | North eoast of Maui Island............... 8 | Gray sand, foraminifera.
A062) eaeen GO: side Sek eoseyre eee ee eee ee 238 | Gray sand.
4083 |. -.-- OOS. sesso aes eee ease eee see 25% Do.
4132 | Vicinity of Kauai Island..............-.. 257-312 | Fine gray sand, mud.
AI393 | aees GO! e558 os eee ie ee eee 512-339 | Fine gray sand, rocks.
AI403| Eee (0 (0 ee caeies Saaa scene ooe Sask iasemeer 339-437 | Fine gray sand.
ATA G | Pree COE areas aera resem asadasee 437-632 | Voleanie sand, foraminifera.
SAD eee AOS sea aes Hecate Sotto oes ae 632-881 | Coarse manganese sand rocks.
Ninety specimens.
Tentacles are usually 12, but specimens with 13 and 14 are occa-
sionally found, often from the same station as those with 12. The
digits are fairly constantly 4; only in a single case out of a number
examined did a tentacle have 5. Along either side of the tentacle
between the proximal digit and the base is a series of from three to
six small pear-shaped bodies attached by the smaller end, about 0.2 to
0.25 mm. in length. They apparently correspond to the ‘ciliated
sucking disks” which Semper figures for Anapta gracilis. In the
present specimens they appear to be considerably contracted, and it is
not certain whether there are cilia present at the tip. The series is
not always very regular, the proximal body standing out of line in
many cases.
The anchor plates are very variable in shape, and many are in dif-
ferent stages of development. Complete plates range from 0.2 to
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 729
0.27 mm. in length. There are two large central holes, but the others
vary so much in size that it is futile to attempt a detailed description.
The figures will serve to illustrate the usual type. Occasionally there
is an incipient handle (Plate LX XXII, fig. +), such as is well developed
in Labidoplax, but plates in the same individual vary greatly in this
respect. In specimens from a more considerable depth (4141, 4142)
the outline of the plates is rather more even, the two central holes are
relatively smaller than those from lesser depths, the calcareous frame-
work is somewhat stouter, and the plates average a little larger. The
anchors are 0.24 to 0.85 mm. long. Many are represented by simple
rods, being ina state of development. The miliary grains vary con-
siderably in number, being scarce in some specimens and abundant in
others. When present in normal numbers they are arranged in two
series along each radius, with others scattered sparsely on either side
of the series. The O- and C-shaped grains are commonest, but other
forms are numerous. In some specimens variations of straight or
slightly curved rods predominate. In the shaft of the tentacle, C- and
O-shaped bodies predominate, but in the digits slightly curved rods,
Grains in the body range from about 0.04 to 0.065 mm. in length;
those in the tentacles are smaller, and those in oral disk smallest. The
figures are drawn to scale.
Although this species is undoubtedly closely related to Protankyra
challenger? (Théel), there are a number of differences of considerable
importance, namely, the presence of two series of little ‘
cups” on tentacles, the variable number of tentacles, arrangement of
miliary granules, as well as their somewhat different form, more elab-
orate anchor plates. Even the calcareous ring presents points of dif-
ference.“ Sluiter? has named a variety s/hoge’ of 7. challenger, the
plates of which are more like those of the present species than are
typical challenger’. In other points s/boge seems to be very close to
challenger’, which was taken in 140 fathoms at Fiji Islands.
It may eventually be found that challenger? is a very wide ranging
and variable species, including possibly apparently separate forms,
but it is pure assumption to so regard it at present. It seems far bet-
ter, in view of the differences pointed out above, toregard the Hawaiian
specimens as belonging to a separate species, which may well bear the
name of the fisheries steamer A/batross.
.
sensory
«Compare Plate LX XXII, fig. 4a, with Plate I, fig. 4d, Challenger Holothurioidea.
» Siboga Holothurioidea, p. 151.
¢ This is an unfortunate name, since it invalidates the siboge given on the following
page (132) to a different species of Protankyra. Since P. siboge is now without a
name, it may be called Protankyra sluiteri, after its discoverer.
730 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
Genus ANAPTA Semper.
Anapta Semper, Reisen im Archipel Philippinen, Pt. 2, I, Holothurien, 1868, p.
17. Type, Anapta gracilis Semper.
Tentacles 12, pinnate. Deposits in form of oval or elongate grains,
or entirely absent. General form, synaptoid.
ANAPTA INERMIS, new species.
Plate LX XIII, fig. 2; Plate LX XXII, fig. 1.
Tentacles 12, digitate, each with about 12 to 16 very small, slender
digits; end of tentacles rounded without an evident odd terminal digit.
Digits increase slightly in size distad. General form of body rather
robust, with rounded posterior extremity. Body wall thin, transli-
cent, the five longitudinal muscle bands showing plainly. Deposits
entirely wanting. Color in alcohol, bleached grayish, profusely cov-
ered with small reddish brown or yellowish brown spots, more abun
dant in anterior than in posterior part of body. In type these spots
are fused on anterior half of body, giving a raw sienna tint with larger
erayish spots and smaller dark brown dots. Often the brownish mud
in alimentary canal gives the body a brown hue. In some specimens
the small brown spots are few in posterior portion of body. Calcareous
ring stout, composed of ten and eleven pieces in two specimens dis-
sected. Pieces unequal, both radial and interradial with an anterior
tooth and nearly straight posterior border. One large Polian vesicle. |
(Plate LX XXII, fig. 1.) One very short, rather inconspicuous, madre-
poric canal at anterior.edge of dorsal mesentery. Gonad large, with
a central trunk to either tuft, from which spring branches either sim-
ple or once dichotomously branched. Alimentary canal very large
and usually gorged with mud, giving the animal a plump appearance.
Length, about 100 mm.; greatest breadth, about 14 to 20 mm.: in life
probably somewhat longer and slenderer.
Localities.—Type (Cat. No. 21298, U.S.N.M.) from Station 3910,
south coast of Oahu Island, 311 to 337 fathoms, fine gray sand and
mud; bottom temperature 43.7°; 2 specimens. Taken also from the
following stations, in all, 11 specimens.
List of stations.
— |
Sta-
reel Locality. Depth. Nature of bottom.
8839 | South coast Molokai Island ...:.........- 259-266 | Light brown mud, sand.
3916 | South coast Oahuilslomdie aos see eeeeeee 299-330 | Gray sand, mud.
SOLO! ene e GO.2 he ee ee es nee genio sae Sele eee 294-257 | White sand, mud.
3997 || Vicinitycoh Kauan Island S22 ss22 222 esse 418-429 | Fine gray sand, brown mud.
4088 | North coast Maui Island ............--.--- 306-297 | Fine gray sand.
4089 |....- (0 (0 ea ets Se te Ee Stree, br a 297-804 Do.
|
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIA NS—#ISHER. 731
On account of the absence of deposits in the skin it is rather diffi-
cult to assign trenchant characters to this species. Consequently a
figure of the external appearance is given. ‘The pieces of the cal-
careous ring are a trifle variable and the dorsal radial pieces are likely
to be a little irregular, as shown in figure. There is constantly but
one large Polian vesicle. The shaft of the tentacles is very large and
stout in comparison with the small digits which are slightly irregular
in length. In life the disparity may not be present.
The absence of deposits is certainly not due to acid, since a S/g-
modota in perfect condition, so far as deposits are concerned, was
taken from the bottle in which specimens were kept for over two
years. The only known species with which the present form might
be confused is Anapta subtilis Siuiter from the Bay of Batavia.
TInermis differs in having 12 to 16 instead of 4 or 5 digits to tentacles,
and in having a stout calcareous rine instead of a rudimentary one;
no papille on body in ¢nermis; one instead of several Polian vesicles.
Inermis 1s also longer in proportion to width than svbt7/7s. Subtilis,
like tnermis, lacks calcareous deposits.
Subfamily CHIRIDOTIN AS Ostersren.
Chiridotine OSTERGREN, Ofv. Ak. Firh., 1898, joy abr
Genus CHIRIDOTA Esechscholtz.
Chiridota Escascuoitrz, Zoologischer Atias, Pt. 2, 1829, p. 12. Type, Chiridota
discolor, Eschscholtz.
Tentacles 10 to 20, peitets, digitate. Deposits: Groups of wheels
inclosed within walls of the integument, and, in addition, often more
or less curved rods. Wheels with six spokes. Hermaphrodite.
KEY TO HAWAIIAN SPECIES OF CHIRIDOTA,
a. Wheel papillze numerous, in five longitudinal series on body.......-.- hawatiensis.
aa. Wheel papille few (8 to 50) ina single dorsal series.........----.--- uniserialis.
CHIRIDOTA HAWAIIENSIS, new species.
Plate LX X XJ, fig.5; Plate LX XXII, figs. 3, 3a-e.
Near Chiridota rigida Semper. Tentacles 12; digits 8 to L0, the
two terminals being conspicuously larger than laterals, which are
graduated in size, the smallest being proximad. Ventral interambu-
1acra witha single rather irregular series of ‘* wheel papillae,” at least
in proximal half of body; when present beyond middle, very few and
scattered. Three dorsal interambulacra with many more numerous
wheel papillee, which are much more crowded in anterior than poste-
(73 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
rior half of body. Anteriorly they are scattered, often encroaching
upon radii; posteriorly they form a very irregular zigzag series;
sometimes very féw posteriorly. Papillee unequal in size. Deposits:
Wheels and numerous scattered, small, slightly curved, and C-shaped
rods, swollen or knobbed at the tips, together with straight rods
forked at one or both ends. In tentacles are numerous larger, more
elaborately branched rods. In addition numerous small oval grains,
or grains swollen at both ends and constricted in middle, are found in
longitudinal muscles. Body wall thin, translucent. Color in life,
between burnt carmine and pomegranate purple, translucent. Wheel
papille light yellowish red. Length, 15 to 45 mm.; breadth, 2 to 7
mm.; usually broadest posteriorly.
Locality.—Reef between Honolulu Harbor and Waikiki, Oahu, in
tide pools. The animals live a few inches beneath the surface of the
soft, sandy bottom of numerous tide pools and are very common,
About 125 specimens.
Type.—Cat. No. 21230, U.S.N.M.
In general form the body is cylindrical, often, but not always,
broader posteriorly than anteriorly. Posterior extremity rounded to
truncate, depending upon the degree of contraction. Tentacles are
about 2.5 mm. long and the two terminal digits about 0.5 to 0.57 mm.
The number of digits is constantly 8 to 10, the same individual having
tentacles with 8, 9, or 10 digits. In the case of 9 digits there are two
enlarged terminal ones, just the same as when an even number is
present. The number of tentacles is very rarely 13. Ina large num-
ber counted only one individual was found which thus departed from :
the normal number. As noted in the diagnosis, there is a single series
of spaced wheel papillee on each of the two ventral interambulacra,
but in posterior half of body these papille are very few or are want-
ing. There are rather more papille on middorsal interambulacrum
than on the two dorso-laterals, although the difference is not great.
In some individuals a rather irregular series is formed along the three
interradii, but generally the papille are scattered so that no regular
serial arrangement is discoverable within each interambulacrum. The
wheel areas under the microscope are seen to be circular or elliptical,
usually the latter, and range from 0.24 to 0.6 mm. in diameter.
Calcareous ring (Plate LX XXII, fig. 837) does not possessany peculiar
characters. Madreporic canal single, in dorsal mesentery. Polian
vesicles, Ll or 12, of which 4 are considerably larger than the rest.
The wheels (Plate LX X XM, fig. 3) vary in diameter from 0.045 to 0.1
mm., many sizes being found within a single group, where they are
packed several layers deep. The small curved rods vary in length
somewhat, the commoner lengths being found between 0.03 and 0.046
mm. The tips and sometimes the middle are slightly swollen, the
former being provided with incipient thorns in some cases. The forked
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. ao
rods are fairly common. All the rods are rather evenly scattered and
are found in the tentacles, being there different in shape and more
elaborately branched at the tips and subterminally. (Plate LX XXII,
figs. 34, c.) These rods are also larger, measuring commonly from 0.048
to 0.076 mm.. The grains (fig. 3a) are very numerous along the
longitudinal muscles and are 0.019 to 0.03 mm. in length.
The species to which Aawaciensis shows nearest relationship are
rigida Semper, liberata Sluiter, and amboinensis Ludwig. From
rigida the species differs in haying constantly 8 to 10 digits to the
tentacles instead of 13; in having less numerous wheel papille, espe-
cially on the ventral interambulacra; in possessing much heavier
spokes to the wheels, and probably also in the presence of numerous
oval and dumbbell grains along longitudinal muscles. The calcareous
ring is nearly identical with that of /¢berata. From /iberata, hawari-
ensis differs in distribution of papille, in the presence of branched
rods in integument, in the greater number of Polian vesicles. _Ambo-
inensis is very close to r/géda, according to Ludwig's short description,
and differs from /awaziens/s in the same respects as régida. It is not
possible to tell from any of the descriptions of the above forms
whether the much branched rods in the tentacles of Aawaciensis are
peculiar. If they are, they will afford an additional character of
importance.
These little animals were found by the writer in digging for Enter-
opneusta, Pfychodera laysanica Spengel being rather common in the
same habitat. The broad, flat reef which extends from Honolulu
Harbor toward Waikiki is uncovered by the receding tide for a con-
siderable width. Many little pools are left in the coral, and it is in
the sandy bottoms of these that Chiridota hawatiensis is so common
a few inches beneath the surface of the sand. The alimentary canal is
always gorged with coral sand. (C. /iberata Sluiter lives on live or
dead coral over which it creeps.
CHIRIDOTA UNISERIALIS, new species.
Plate LX XX, fig. 4; Plate LX XX, figs. 5, da-c.
Tentacles 12; digits 10 to 12, the 2 terminal larger than the rest, the
subterminal nearly as large, and the rest graduated in size, the proxi-
mal digits being very small. Middorsal interambulacrum only with
‘“wheel papille,” which are scattered very irregularly in a single
lineal series the whole length of body, or are confined mostly to pos-
teriorhalf. 2apille are of conspicuous size and 9 to 50in number. Sur-
face of boy, as in preceding species, is slightly roughened by small,
low, flattish, wart-like eminences, which are apparent only when ani-
mal is contracted. Deposits: Wheels larger than those of hawaziensis,
and smooth straight or curved rods slightly swollen at middle and
with two or three blunt incipient spines at tips. In muscle bands are
(34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXXII.
purple, the other pale lilac; wheel papille whitish; tentacles brownish.
Length, about 150 mm.; breadth variable, in unconstricted state, 7 to
3mm.
Locality.—Station 3892, north coast of Molokai Island, 328 to 414
fathoms, fine gray sand; bottom temperature 42.5°; 10 specimens.
Type.—Cat. No. 21229, U.S.N.M.
The present species is much larger than the foregoing and differs in
the great reduction in number of wheel papille as well as in color.
The wheel papille vary greatly in number and apparently are more
numerous in the ight than in the dark individuals, which have in the
neighborhood of ten papille, mostly in posterior two-thirds of body.
In only one case have I found a papilla outside of the micdorsal inter-
ambulacrum. In one individual a small papilla is situated just at the
upper edge of a dorso-lateral interambulacrum and is nearly radial in
position. Inasmuch as the body is constricted at intervals it is not
possible to tell the exact breadth. Tentacles are much contracted in
preserved specimens. The proximal digits are often so small that it
is then difficult to tell whether there are 8 or 10 digits. The prevalent
number appears to be 12 or 11. The terminal digits are only slightly
larger than the subterminal, although in an uncontracted state the
difference may be greater.
The calcareous ring is sufficiently shown by the figure (Plate LX X XII,
fig. 5c). There are five Polian vesicles, of which two are much larger
than the other three. Madreporic canal single, in dorsal mesentery.
Tubules of gonad unbranched. Retractor muscles rather stout, con-
fluent with longitudinal bands about 15 mm. from anterior extremity
of body.
Wheels from same individual do not differ so much in size as in
hawatiensis, and are larger than in that species. They vary from
about 0.12 to 0.19 mm., the majority being about 0.175 mm., in
diameter. The rods are commonly about 0.08 to 0.12 mm. long, while
the smooth ones in the muscles vary from 0.041 to 0.08 mm. Most
of the rods of outer perisome have one to three shallow notches at tip,
and occasionally a short branch in the center. Somewhat deformed
grains such as X, fig. 3a, are rarely seen, but real C-shaped rods
appear to be absent. The deposits are rather evenly scattered, but
appear to be lacking in tentacles.
This species differs from the other 12-tentacled forms in the distri-
bution of the wheel papille, of which there are 2 yciy small number,
confined to middorsal interambulacrum. I» »cspect to the small num-
ber of wheels, at least, wazserialis resembles Trochodota purpurea*
“Not to be confused with Sigmodota purpurea Studer (Chiridota studeri Théei),
which has S-shaped deposits, and which has been considered as a synenym of Chiri-
dota contorta Ludwig, a Txniogyrus.
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 735
(Lesson), but differs in having numerous scattered curved or straight
rods with swollen notched tips, in addition to the minute smooth rods
in muscle bands. 7. purpurea has, moreover, sigmoid deposits in the
external perisome besides the scattered aggregations of wheels. It is
found at the Falkland Islands. (@. pisan/7, from the Chonos Archi-
pelago, coast of Chile, 45° south latitude, also resembles wniserialis,
having C-shaped deposits in the tentacles and one row of wheel papille
in each of the three dorsal interambulacra. /?/sa7z7 is nearer purpurea
than is wniserialis.
Genus TAZINIOGYRUS Semper.
Teniogyrus Semper, Holothurien, 1868, p. 28. Type, Chirodotau australiana
Stimpson.
Tentacles 10 to 12. Deposits, S-shaped rods, and sometimes wheels
with six spokes, grouped in papille.
Semper’s genus Zren/ogyrus, founded on Stimpson’s Chirodotu aus-
traliana, a fairly close relative of Ludwig’s contorta, is quite distinct
from either Chirédota or Trochodota.
TANIOGYRUS, species.
Plate eAXGNe NGI shies 922
From Station 3919, south coast of Oahu Island, 257 to 220 fathoms,
gray sand, there is a fragment of a Zien/ogyrus evidently closely
related to Z. contortu (Ludwig). Tentacles 12; digits probably about
11 or 12, but tentacles are too contracted to ascertain accurately.
Wheel papille are present, but the integument is too much injured to
ascertain arrangement. Polian vesicles 10, of unequal size; madre-
poric canal single. Deposits, wheels, in groups, and very numerous
sigmoid rods(Plate LX X XII, fig.2). The wheels resemble those figured
by Théel,¢ and have a diameter of 0.09 to 0.175 mm., while the sigmoid
particles are slightly different, as may be seen by comparing figures.
The latter are 0.185 to 0.23 mm. long, being thus smaller than in
contorta.
The color of the specimen is whitish in alcohol, and the length is
about 60 mm. The specimen is apparently nearly whole, but has
been twisted and rubbed over sand till it resembles a dirty piece of
cord. About the only differences which can be determined are in the
number of Polian vesicles and size and shape of the sigmoid deposits.
The species is evidently close to contorta.
«Challenger Holothurioidea, Pt. 2, pl. u, fig. 2a,
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxii—07——47
—736 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
LIST OF DREDGING STATIONS AND OF SPECIES COLLECTED AT EACH
STATION.
Station 3813, south coast Oahu Island. Depth, 264 to 183; bottom, coral sand, lava
specks, shells:
Mesothuria murrayt.
Station 3824, south coast Molokai Island. Depth, 222 to 498; bottom, coral rocks,
broken shells:
Bathyplotes patagiatus.
Station 3834, south coast Molokai Island. Depth, 8; bottom, coral rocks, sand, shells:
Tlolothuria impatiens, Holothuria fusco-olivacea.
Station 3835, south coast Molokai Island. Depth, 169 to 182; bottom, fine brown sand,
mud:
Protankyra albatrosst.
Station 3836, south coast Molokai Island. Depth, 238 to 255; bottom, brown gray mud,
sand:
Orphnurgus insignis, Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 3839, south coast Molokai Island. Depth, 259 to 266; bottom, light brown
mud, sand:
Orphnurgus insignis, Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 8840, south coast Molokai Island. Depth, 266 to 314; bottom, light brown
mud, sand, rocks:
Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 3847, south coast Molokai Island. Depth, 28 to 24; bottom, sand, stones:
Tolothuria paradoxa.
Station 3863, northeast approach to Pailolo Channel, between Molokai and Maui
islands. Depth, 127 to 154; bottom, broken coral, coarse gravel, rocks:
Psolus macrolepis.
Station 3866, northeast approach to Pailolo Channel, between Molokai and Maui
islands. Depth, 283 to 284; bottom, gray mud, fine sand:
Mesothuria murrayi, Pseudostichopus propinquus.
Station 3872, Auau Channel, between Maui and Lanai islands. Depth, 43 to 32; bot-
tom, yellow sand, pebbles, coral:
FHolothuria hawatiensis, Holuthuria anulifera, Huapta godeffroyi.
Station 3876, Auau Channel, between Maui and Lanai islands. Depth, 28 to 43; bot-
tom, sand, gravel:
Holothuria hawaiiensis, Holothuria anulifera, Synaptula kefersteinti, Huapta
godeffroyi.
Station 3883, Pailolo Channel, between Maui and Molokai islands. Depth, 277 to
284; bottom, globigerina ooze:
Mesothuria murrayt, Orphnurgus insignis.
Station 3887, north coast Molokai Island. Depth, 552 to 809; bottom, globigerina mud:
Pelopatides retifer.
Station 3892, north coast Molokai Island. Depth, 328 to 414; bottom, fine gray sand:
Chiridota uniserialis.
Station 3895, south of Molokai and.west of Lanaiislands. Depth, 252 to 429; bottom,
coral rocks:
Protankyra albatrossi, Mesothuria parva.
Station 3910, south coast of Oahu Island. Depth, 311 to 337; bottom, fine gray sand,
mud:
Anapta inermis.
No. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS— FISHER. (amt
Station 3916, south coast Oahu Island. Depth, 299 to 330; bottom, gray sand, mud:
Anapta inermis.
Station 3919, south coast Oahu Island. Depth, 257 to 220; bottom, gray sand:
Mesothuria parva, Anapta inermis, Texniogyrus, sp.
Station 3979, vicinity of Bird Island. Depth, 222 to 887; bottom, fine white sand,
foraminifera, rocks:
Pelopatides rectifer, Scotodeima vitreum, Orphnurgus insignis.
Station 3984, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 287 to 164; bottom, fine coral sand:
Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 3988, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 469 to 165; bottom, gray foraminif-
erous sand, pebbles:
Mesothuria carnosa, Bathyplotes patagiatus, Orphnurgus insignis, Letmogone
biserialis.
Station 3994, vicinity of Kauai, Island. Depth, 330 to 382; bottom, fine gray sand,
foraminifera:
Bathyplotes patagiatus, Orphnurgus insignis, Pannychia pallida.
Station 3995, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 427 to 676; bottom, fine gray sand,
rocks:
Pxlopatides retifer.
Station 3997, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 418 to 429; bottom, fine gray sand,
brown mud:
Mesothuria carnosa, Orphnurgus insignis, Anapta inermis.
Station 3998, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 235 to 228; bottom, coarse brown
coral sand, shells, rocks:
Mesothuria parva, Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 4015, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 362 to 318; bottom, gray sand, rocks:
Orphnurgus insignis.
Station 4019, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 550 to 409; bottom, gray sand, forami-
nifera, rocks:
Pzlopatides retifer.
Station 4021, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 286 to 399; bottom, coral sand,
foraminifera:
Mesothuria carnosa, Bathyplotes patagiatus, Orphnurgus insignis.
Station 4022, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 399 to 374; bottom, coral sand,
foraminifera, rocks:
Pelopatides retifer.
Station 4025, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 275 to 368; bottom, fine gray sand,
broken shells, foraminifera:
Ophnurgus insignis.
Station 4028, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 444 to 478; bottom, gray sand, glo-
bigerina:
Pelopatides retifer.
Station 4031, Penguin Bank, south coast of Oahu Island. Depth, 27 to 28; bottom,
fine coral sand, foraminifera, coral:
Synaptula kefersteinii.
Station 4038, west coast of Hawaii Island. Depth, 689 to 670; bottom, gray mud,
foraminifera:
Pelopatides retifer.
Station 4039, west coast of Hawaii Island. Depth, 670 to 697; bottom, gray mud,
foraminifera:
Pelopatides retifer.
Station 4041, west coast of Hawaii Island. Depth, 382 to 253; bottom, gray mud,
foraminifera:
Mesothuria carnosa, Orphnurgus insignis, Bathyplotes patagiatus, Pannychia pallida.
738 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XXXII.
Station 4043, west coast of Hawaii Island. Depth, 286 to 233; bottom, gray sand,_
broken shells, rocks:
Letmogone, sp., Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 4044, west coast of Hawaii Island. Depth, 233 to 198; bottom, fine gray sand:
Thyonidium alexandri, Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 4079, north coast of Maui Island. Depth, 143 to 178; bottom, gray sand,
foraminifera:
Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 4081, north coast of Maui Island. Depth, 202 to 220; bottom, gray sand,
foraminifera:
Mesothuria parva.
Station 4082, north coast of Maui Island. Depth, 220 to 238; bottom, gray sand:
Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 4088, north coast of Maui Island. Depth, 238 to 253; bottom, gray sand:
Orphnurgus insignis, Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 4084, north coast Maui Island. Depth, 253 to 267; bottom, fine gray sand:
Orphnurgus insignis.
Station 4085, north coast Maui Island. Depth, 267 to 283; bottom, sand, shells:
Orphnurgus insignis.
Station 4086, north coast Maui Island. Depth, 283 to 308; bottom, sand, shells:
Orphnurgus insignis.
Station 4088, north coast Maui Island. Depth, 308 to 306; bottom, fine gray sand:
Mesothuria murrayi, Anapta inermis.
Station 4089, north coast Maui Island. Depth, 297 to 304; bottom, fine gray sand:
Anapta inermis.
Station 4096, northeast approach of Pailolo Channel. Depth, 272 to 286; bottom,
fine gray sand:
Mesothuria murrayt, Orphnurgus insignis.
Station 4101, Pailolo Channel, between Maui and Molokai islands. Depth, 148 to 122;
bottom, coral sand, shells, foraminifera:
Thyonidium hawaiiense.
Station 4110, Kaiwi Channel, between Molokai and Oahu islands. Depth, 449 to 460;
bottom, gray sand:
Pelopatides retifer.
Station 4115, northwest coast of Oahu Island. Depth, 195 to 241; bottom, coral sand,
foraminifera:
Mesothuria parva.
Station 4122, southwest coast of Oahu Island. Depth, 192 to 352; bottom, coarse
coral, sand, shells:
Mesothuria parva.
Station 4123, southwest coast of Oahu Island. Depth, 352 to 357; bottom, fine gray
sand and mud:
Orphnurgus insignis.
Station 4130, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 283 to 509; bottom, fine gray sand:
Mesothuria carnosa.
Station 4131, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 309 to 257; bottom, fine gray sand:
Mesothuria carnosa.
Station 4132, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 257 to 312; bottom, fine gray sand
and mud:
Mesothuria carnosa, Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 4134, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 324 to 225; bottom, fine coral and
volcanic sand:
Mesothuria carnosa, Bathyplotes patagiatus, Orphnurgus insignis.
No. 1555, HAWAITAN HOLOTHURIANS— FISHER. 789
Station 4136, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 294 to 352; bottom, fine coral sand:,
Mesothuria carnosa.
Station 4139, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 512 to 339; bottom, fine gray sand
and rocks:
Mesothuria carnosa, Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 4140, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 339 to 437; bottom, fine gray sand:
Bathyplotes patagiatus, Orphnurgus insignis, Protankyra albatross’.
Station 4141, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 487 to 632; bottom, volcanic sand,
foraminifera:
Pelopatides retifer, Litmogone biserialis, Protankyra albatross’.
Station 4142, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 632 to 881; bottom, coarse manganese
sand, rocks:
Protankyra albatrossi.
Station 4151, vicinity of Bird Island. Depth, 800 to 813; bottom, fine coral sand,
foraminifera, stones:
P:lopatides retifer.
Station 4176, vicinity of Niihau Island. Depth, 672 to 537; bottom, gray sand,
mud, foraminifera:
Pelopatides retifer.
Station 4187, vicinity of Kauai Island. Depth, 508 to 703; bottom, gray sand,
foraminifera:
Pelopatides retifer.
EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS.
The calcareous deposits are likely to cause some trouble to the naturalist unac-
quainted with holothurian anatomy, because they have been given arbitrary techni-
cal names. These names are listed below, together with a number of other technical
terms which are not self-explanatory.
ambulacra, the five radii.
anal teeth, calcareous teeth, five in number, surrounding anus of Actinopyga.
anchor plates, the perforated, often regular plates which accompany anchors. (Plate
LXX XI, figs. la, 2.)
anchors, anchor-shaped deposits of Synapta and allied genera. (Plate LX XX, fig. 1b.)
buttons, buckle-shaped deposits often accompanying tables. (Plate LX VII, figs. 2c,
Oke a)
calcareous ring, a Ying, made up of plates of lime, around the csophagus; generally
ten pieces, five of which serve as points of attachment for radial muscles (q. v.)
and are called radial pieces or radialia, while the alternate five are termed interra-
dial pieces or interradialia. (Plate LX XXII, fig. 1.)
Cuvierian organs, long, slender, often whitish tubes attached to proximal portion of
respiratory tree in a tuft or bunch. When ejected violently they serve as organs
of defense, being very viscid and extraordinarily extensible; present especially in
species of Holothuria and Actinopyga.
digitate, said of tentacles when the branches are few and arisé from tip so as to
resemble miniature fingers. (Plate LX XX1J, fig. 5.)
disk, perforated plate forming the base of a table. (Plate LX VII, fig. 20.)
gonad, the ovary or testis, as the case may be.
interambulacra, interradii, or the five longitudinal areas between the radii.
interradial pieces, see calcareous ring. (Plate LX VITI, fig. 4a, ir.)
madreporic canal, the calcareous canal connecting the ring canal of water vascular
system with body cavity, or with exterior in many Elpidiidee. Often numerous
in a single individual, frequently single. (Plate LX XX, fig. 1, m.)
740 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXII.
mesentery, especially the dorsal mesentery, the sheet of transparent tissue joining the
cesophagus and intestine to body wall. The anterior portion of alimentary canal
is slung by the dorsal mesentery to the middorsal (interradial) line of body wall.
(Plate LX XX, fig. 1, me.)
miliary granules, simplest form of caleareous deposits, namely, more or less irregular
grains.
papille, ambulacral appendages in which the sucking disk is absent and the terminal
plate absent or rudimentary.
pedicels, tube feet, or locomotor organs, having a terminal sucking disk.
peltate, said of tentacles having a circular, flattish, or convex crown.
pinnate, of tentacles having the branches occurring regularly along the sides in two
opposite series and without subdivisions. (Plate LX VI.)
plates, thin, flat, wide, usually perforated deposits. (Plate LX XIX, fig. 1, 6.)
Polian vesicle, cul-de-sac, or reservoir, connected with ring canal of water vascular
system. (Plate LX XX, fig. 1, p. v.)
posterior prolongations of calcareous ring. (Plate LX XIX, figs. 2, 3.)
radial muscles, the five, usually double, bands of muscle running from end to end of
the animal along the five radii.
radial pieces, see calcareous ring. (Plate LX XXII, fig. 1, 7.)
respiratory trees, when present, a pair of long, much-branched outgrowths of wall of
cloaca, lying in body cavity, usually unequal in length. The left is frequently
associated with the rete mirabile. (Plate LX XIV, fig. 1, 7.)
rete mirabile, complex plexus of blood vessels between the dorsal vessel (marginal
vessel of the rete mirabile) and the lacunar network of the alimentary canal. Some
of the numerous small retia mirabilia form webs around the terminal ramifications
of the left respiratory tree.
retractor muscles, anterior free portion of radial muscle attached to end of radial piece
of caleareous ring and serving to retract tentacles and anterior portion of body into
body cavity for protection.
rods, rod-shaped deposits. (Plate LX XV, figs. 1-5.)
rosettes, calcareous deposits in the form of rods more or less irregularly and profusely
branched. (Plate LX VII, figs. 1c, 4a; Plate LX XX, fig. 1c.)
spire, upright portion of a table. (Plate LXVI, fig. 2a; Plate LX XII, figs. la-e.)
supporting rods, calcareous rods in walls of tentacles, papillze, and pedicels. (Plate
LXVIII, fig. 4; Plate LXIX, fig. 1g.)
table, a perforated plate having a projection, made up of several rods more or less
joined together, rising perpendicularly from the middle. (Plate LX VI, fig. 2a.)
tentacle ampullx, vesicles of the ambulacral system connected with the tentacles and
lying in the body cavity, around the calcareous ring.
tentacles, modified ambulacral appendages surrounding the mouth, often much
branched. (Plate LX VI, t.)
wheels, wheel-shaped deposits. (Plate LX XVIII, fig. 1.)
Fig.
Fig.
g. 1.
bo
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—
3.
4.
bo
)
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
(All figures were drawn by the writer.)
Puate LXVI.
Opheodesoma spectabilis. From a colored sketch of a medium-sized living
animal. About four-fifths natural size. The present illustration does not
truly reproduce the shades. The excrescences, and often a narrow trans-
verse band between them, are much darker than the interspaces; the former
are brown, the latter orange, except posteriorly on the ventral surface,
which is grayish barred with darker gray, often almost black.
Pirate LX VII.
Actinopyga mauritiana. Rods and grains from ventral perisome, x 200.
la-d. Rods from dorsal perisome, < 400.
Actinopyga parvula, Table viewed from above, showing crown and disk.
2a. Slightly larger table from side. 2b. Disk of table. 2c-e. Buttons.
2f. Plate and rod from dorsal papilla, x 200. 2g. Caleareous ring, medio-
dorsal piece without anterior tooth, 3.
Actinopyga obesa. Rods from perisome, < 400.
Holothuria paradoxa. Several rods from dorsal perisome, >< 200. 4a. Same,
< 400. 4b. Rods from dorsal pedicels, * 200. (See also Plate LXIN, fig. 5.)
Same. Various forms of rods from ventral perisome, >< 200.
Prate IXVIIE
Holothuria cinerascens. Crown of table. 1a. Smaller table from side. 1b.
Larger table. 1c-le. Various forms of disks of tables. 1f. Rough rods
from general perisome. All x 200.
Holothuria pervicax. Two views of table. 2a. Tables with rudimentary
spire. 2b. Various forms of rods from general perisome. 2c. Larger rod
intermediate between supporting rods and the small button-like rods of
general perisome, 200.
Holothuria fuscorubra. Reduced disk of table. 3a-c. Various forms of tables.
3d. Various forms of buttons. 38e. Button from near tip of pedicel, >< 200.
_Holothuria hawatiensis. Supporting rods of pedicels and papillae, x 200.
4a. Two radial and 1 interradial (ir) piece of calcareous ring, * 4. 4b.
Large table from above, showing disk and crown. 4¢. One type of small
table. 4d. A largetable from side. 4e. Disk ofsmallertable. 4f. Another
type of small table. 4g. Various forms of buttons, some of them incom-
plete, x 200.
Holothuria arenicola. Table from above, the erown, and side. 5a—5h. Two
forms of buttons. 5c. Supporting rod, dorsal pedicels, >< 200.
PLATE LXIX.
Holothuria pardalis. 1, la-d. Various forms of tables; 1) crown; 1, la disk
from beneath. le. Supporting rod’from pedicel. 1f. Various forms of
buttons. 1g. Supporting rod from dorsal pedicel, 200.
Holothuria anulifera. Disk of table and crown, from above. 2a. Table from
side. 2b. Table from wall of papilla, viewed from one side; this type
rather uncommon. 2c. A rare form of complete button. 2d. Usual form
of incomplete knobbed buttons and knobbed rods, 200.
741
—
=
—
tie}
Or
bo
Ifa the
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXXII.
Howden fusco-olivacea. Dee! aarncoNeS aon of pie) 3a. Very rare
form of large table (tip missing). 3b. Small table. 3c, 3d. Crowns of
tables. 3e. One ef the commoner tables from side. 3/. Various forms of
buttons; x and x! are covered with small knobs, but these have been
omitted to show moreclearly the perforations, * 200. See also Plate LX. X,
ine,
Holothuria impatiens. Disk of a regular table. 4a. Crown, from above, and
characteristic table from side. 4b. Button. 4c. Supporting rod from
papilla. 4d. Less regular table disk, > 200.
Holothuria paradoxa. A supporting rod from dorsal pedicel, >< 200.
PLATE LXX.
Stichopus tropicalis. Large table, side view. la. Disk of large table. 16
Crown of smaller table, dorsal perisome. 1c. Smaller table, dorsal peri-
some; disk, side view, and crown. ld. Rods from dorsal perisome. le.
Disk of a table intermediate between the large and small tables. 1f. Side
view of same. lg. C-shaped rods, « 200. Ih. Supporting rod, ventral
pedicel, < 140. 1i. Spire of ventral table.
Holothuria atra. Crown and side view of characteristic table. 2a. Disk of
same. 2b. One of the smallrods from general perisome, * 200. 2c. One of
the rods forming a perforated plate, < 665.
Holothuria fusco-olivacea. Supporting rod of pedicel, 200.
Mesothuria carnosa. Disk of one of the larger tables. 4a. Side view of char-
acteristic table; only two spire rods shown. 4b. Table seen from aboye,
showing disk and crown of spire. 4c. Two views of one of the smaller
tables. 4d. Smaller table with sample crown, viewed from above. 4e.
Reduced table from wall of pedicel. 4/. Medium-sized rod from oral disk.
All < 200.
Pirate LX XI.
Mesothuria murrayi. Large table viewed from above, showing disk and crown.
la and 1b. Two characteristic tables showing variation in spire. le. Disk
of a small table of general perisome. 1d-lg. Various forms of tables from
pedicels. 1h. Very characteristic simple disk tables of general perisome.
Here the secondary peripheral perforations are lacking. Compare with 1
and lc, & 200.
Mesothuria parva. Characteristic table, side and top view. 2a—2c. Various
forms of crowns of tables, 200.
Pseudostichopus propinquus. Deposits from wall of respiratory tree. 3a-h.
Same, * 400.
Mesothuria carnosa (young?). Side view of table of a small Mesothuria
referred with doubt to carnosa. 4a. Disk and crown of same, 200.
PuatTe LX XII.
Bathyplotes patagiatus. Disks of tables from ventral perisome. la. Table
from dorsal perisome. 1b. Disk of table from ventral perisome. 1c. Disk
of large table from base of the large dorsal papille. 1d. Side view of
table from yentral perisome. le. Side view of large table from base of
dorsal papillke. If. Table from dorsal papilla proper. 1g. Two arms
of a disk of table from perisome at base of a large dorsal papilla. Ih.
C-shaped rods in subcutaneous layer of body wall. 1h!. From wall
gonad (lower figure). 17. Supporting rods from dorsal papille. The
lower figure shows a tip viewed from a flat side, * 175. 17. Caleareous
ring, radial piece directly over figure, < 4. 1k. Supporting rod from dor-
sal papilla, > 175.
NO. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS—FISHER. 748
Fig. 2. Pseudostichopus propinquus. Calcareous ring, one of the dorsal radial and
interradial pieces. 2a. Ventral radial and interradial pieces.
PLATE TAXCXTIT.
Fig. 1. Orphnurgus insignis. Dorsal view of largespecimen. Two-thirds natural size.
2. Anapta inermis. Ventral view, showing general form. Two-thirds natural
size.
3. Pseudostichopus propinquus. Ventral view, < 1.
PLATE LX XIV.
Fig. 1. Pseudostichopus propinquus. Dissected from above to show alimentary canal,
anal aperture (a), ring canal (¢), cloacal cavity (c/), gonad (g), longitudi-
nal muscle bands (lm), dorsal mesentery (m), madreporie canal (me),
Polian vesicle (p), respiratory trees (7). > I.
2. Scotodeima vitreum. Ventral view, showing the large semirigid papillee and
two rows of pedicels on either ventrolateral radius. a, b, c, dorsal papille.
< 1}. 2a. Calcareous ring, the radial portion with perforation. 6.
Puate LX XV.
Fig. 1. Scotodeima vitreum. Rods from large lateral or flank papillae. 1. From
middle portion. la. From distal portion. 16. Irregular rod from basal
half. le, 1d. Distal portion. 1c. From tip. le. Characteristic large rod
from basal portion. Note that le is the other half of 14. x 66.
2. Same. Rods from dorsal perisome. 2a-c. Other rods from dorsal perisome.
* 66. See also Plate XI, fig. la.
3. Same. Rods from wall of gonad.
4. Same. Rods from ventrolateral pediceis, the larger from near base, the
smaller from tip. > 66.
5. Letmogone biserialis. Rod from ventral perisome. 5a. Another rod. > 175.
Puatre LXX VI.
Fig. 1. Scotodeima vitreum. Characteristic rod from ventral perisome. la, 1b, le.
Rods from ventral perisome. 1c. Showing a slightly more complicated
form than]. 66. ;
2. Same. Large rod from dorsal perisome. > 66.
3. Pseudostichopus propinquus. 3a-3b. Rods from wall of gonad. >< 400.
PraAtTeE LXXVILI.
Fig. 1. Orphnurgus insignis. 1, la-e. Various forms of rods from dorsal perisome.
x 66.
2. Same. 2, 2a-e. Rods of ventral perisome, anterior two-thirds of body.
x 66.
3. Same. Large ellipsoid from ventral perisome in posterior third of body. 3a.
Rod intermediate between ellipsoid and fig. 2, from posterior region, ven-
tral perisome. 3c. Smaller smooth ellipsoid from same region. 36, 31,
3d, 3e. Rods from pedicels. (Fig. 1c is the commoner type in the papille. )
xX 200.
Prats LX XVIII.
Fig. 1. Letmogone biserialis. Wheel from dorsal perisome, viewed from convex side.
la. Edgewise view of same. 1). Wheels from ventral perisome. That on
left from convex side, X 175. That on right from concave side, < 350.
le. Smal! wheel from dorsal papilla, < 175. 1d. Rod from ventral peri-
some, X 175. le. Rod from pedicel, 175.
744
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
»
“.
bo
5.
cave side. 2a. Another from convex side. 2b. Small wheels of general
perisome and pedicels. 2c. Edgewise view of large wheel. 2d. Modified
wheel-like plate at end of papille. 2e. Wheel-like plate from oral disk.
2f. Rod from end of tentacle, 175. 2g. Calcareous ring, radial piece per-
forated, & 4. 2h. Rods from oral disk.
BTATE I xOXe
Psolus macrolepis. Dorsal surface, * 2. la. Same, ventral, x 2. 1b-lc. Plates
from ventral perisome, < 200. 1d. Calcareous ring, three pieces, radial in
center, 6. le. Rod from tentacle, x 200. 1f. Perforated plate from
perisome between base of tentacles and oral valves.
Thyonidium hawaiiense. Three radial (7) and two interradial (ir) pieces of
calcareous ring, * 4%. 2a. Disk of table from general perisome. 2b. Side
view of same. 2c. Spire of table with four prongs. 2d. Disk of table from
perisome at base of tentacles. 2e. Rod from oral plate, > 200.
Thyonidium alexandri. Calcareous ring, two radial and three interradial
pieces, X 4%.
PuatE LXXX.
Opheodesoma spectabilis. Cartilaginous ring, Polian vesicles, ete., viewed from
side. er., cartilaginous ring. cu., ciliated urns. g., gonad. gd., gonoduct.
i., intestine. m., madreporic canals. me., dorsal mesentery. pv., Polian
vesicles (very numerous), < 2%. la. Calecareous ring (radial pieces, r, with
perforations), < 33. 1b. Anchor, slightly less than x 200. 1c. Miliary
rosettes, upper, 330; lower, less than 200, or same magnification as
anchor. 1d. Rods from oral disk, >< less than 200.
Synaptula kefersteinii. Miliary grains, * 666.
Thyonidium alexandri. Characteristic table, side view. 3a. One of the reg-
ular tables viewed from above. 3). A larger table with more irregular
disk, seen from above. 3c, 3d. Tables from pedicels. 3e. Plate from peri-
some at base of tentacles, & 200.
Puate LX XXII.
Protankyra albatrossi. An anchor and miliary grains. la. Anchor plate,
« 200.
Opheodesoma spectabilis. Anchor plate, * somewhat less than 200.
Kuapta godeffroyi. Anchor. 38a. Miliary rosettes. 35. Rod from tentacle.
3c. Anchor plate, less than 200.
Chiridota uniserialis. A tentacle, < 13.
Chiridota hawaiiensis. A tentacle, 13.
Prate LXXXII.
Anapta inermis. Calcareous ring, ring canal, ete.; a/., alimentary canal; gon.,
gonad.; m., madreporic canal; pv., Polian vesicle; 7., radial pieces of cal-
careous ring, X 2.
Teniogyrus sp. One of the sigmoid deposits, >< 200.
Chiridota hawatiensis. A wheel. 3a. Grains from subcutaneous layer along
radii, >< 200. 3b. Rods from tentacles, * 400. 3c. Same. 3d. Calceare-
ous ring, X 13. 38e. Rods from general perisome, * 200. 2e’. Same, 400.
(Fig. to right. )
Protankyra albatrossi. End of anchor plate, showing incipient handle, x 200.
4a. Caleareous ring, X 63. 4b. Deposits from tentacles. 4c. From oral
disk, 200.
Chiridota uniserialis. Wheel. 5a. Rods from general perisome, x 400. 50.
From subcutaneous layer, along radii, * 200. 5c. Caleareous ring, * 18.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LXVI
OPHEODESOMA SPECTABILIS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 741.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LXVII
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
oN ons 09
OH (S aL {e0|,
Gy OP USE UGS
eT ER ER at AEN ORT A ert
SOTERA ee ce tsa.
< DU WULF eeu guMeLU MUN, VEUN a Mnal uy Op elrans Utayls
Yu 9%; Seog te eaten eed
ACTINOPYGA, HOLOTHURIA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 741.
on
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LXVIII
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
HOLOTHUuRIA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 741.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LXIX
CL
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fo)
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On) ner
& ony Q O
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Tee
HOLOTHURIA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 742.
XXXII PL. LXX
PROCEEDINGS, VOL.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIIDA.
FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 742.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
oy
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LXXII
Rd =O”
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Res
LAA EAE
ij On pee
BATHYPLOTES, PSEUDOSTICHOPUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 742 AND 743,
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LXXIIi
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 743.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LXXIV
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
“Epl 39Vd 3aS AlV1d 4O NOILWNVW1dx3 Yo
‘VWISGCOLOOS ‘SAdOHOILSOGNAS
abe
ja
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LXXV
SCOTODEIMA, L4TMOGONE.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 743.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LXXVI
SCOTODEIMA, PSEUDOSTICHOPUS.
FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 743.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII
PL. LXXVII
ORPHNURGUS INSIGNIS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 743,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LXXVIII
a
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII PL. LXXIX
ide
ae biel?
HAWAIIAN CUCUMARIIDA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 744.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXII] PL. LXXX
ue S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
OPHEGDESOMA, SYNAPTULA, THYONIDIUM.
FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 744.
©
* A, Ye eae ee
*
s
ps
i —_
PL. LXXXI
744,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXxiII PLE EXCXT|
HAWAIIAN SYNAPTID-Z.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEs pact 744.
TENS Da exe:
Page.
Audeidutiecwlestinus! 4.2 -.-+-seess--2---- - 500
FAGHITUN O Digs Seen =a eee ea OO. TOMO TS
Prachy unum see se. sesso see 578, 579, 581
CTASSI ST] DUS = oe sees eee 2 578, 581
instal o(bhcoy | eee a ee we 578, 580, 581
fonpicaiGiinm == e6sseecee 578, 580, 581
ug WON ae. earn See os Reema aeee 580
Acanthochrerus grotei ........-.-..-s-2-.-<- 579
A CAMUHUTIC eee nee acer Seek hence ee 501
Acarina, or Mites, of the United States.
A Catalogue of the, by Nathan Banks.... 595
PCIE Uanili PT Hien oe oe cts eR ee 353
PAG MLN OLOS meres e et s-tee ace e ene once 423
Acredula trivirgata magna................- 475
PRAVIT OA GUIS iss 2 scree 475
ENGEL O DOM deeyee ae tas eaceete Saisie 640, 648, 644
PAC LINO PWS see ce fees acces 640, 643, 644
TM AUGUUL ATs ee 637, 640, 642, 659
TODS ie ee eee eee 640, 642, 647
ODCSam te saceoee ee as 638, 640, 642, 647
Pavillas eee eee se 639, 640, 642, 645
Additional Notes on the Development of the
Argulide, with Description of a New
Species, by Charles Branch Wilson. ..-.-- 411
AGO ESICUTMEl eee eee ye sinedasea he eset ee 128
CAIMNOSUSS ae tee Cee ens 127
Ob 4 Geen mene eC mnie cer ae 127
sollicitamse iss sane fae ene ete 127
SPENCED Ee sees at a ee ee eye 125
SQuamig er sete ceases ern ee sere 126
SVIVGSUTIS 2 S5c ae noon eee ae 122,125
VGb ATU Sep ene ee eee ee ee 126
/foliscus strigatus ........ ERR ee Meee mae 493
AH SHLONETES TUS MM SIONIS sae see eee eae 470
TOPUNUS EEG eee Ie. e ame 470
Afriea, Collected by Dr. Charles Gravier.
Some Madreporarian Corals from French
Somaliland, East, by T. Wayland Vaughan 249
IAP aISOIN a8 Directs Sores eee eee 526
Agilis Redescribed. The Type of the Juras-
sic Reptile Morosaurus, with a Note on
Camptosaurus. By Charles W. Gilmore. 151
A S180 UN OFA Reson Se Aer ei eens 290
CAStANCUS Rae Son 4 ence oe 293
diabolical =e. 5... 3525.0 eee 291
dinbolicus#=s--o-e eee eee 294
ON DEUS ers ote nee oes mes oa eee 291
Alabama. On a Newly Found Meteorite
from Selma, Dallas County, by George P.
Aleutian Islands. Eighteen New Species
and One New Genus of Birds from Eastern
Asia and the, by Austin H. Clark......... 467
Page
PAUL SRTYS OCS Iie aie eee tee ee 618
STAC OPIN Ue ee es eee 618
Mlorchestesidentatise= 8+ 222 a. seeee 54
Var NeRMS 3) ee oe 54
kniekerbocekerl 2225-2 ----- 2 54, 56
PAUDISMAAMI Sas aot Sat eR ek oe ee 516
Ampbloplitestrmpestris;..2.---.2-. 25-52-02 - 416
PACTS lyOTNIN GPS ey ae eee es eee SER ee COT
SMevICAN deer ease ee eee CO7
Cay ennen sesaee nas eee eee 607
OSC UG UT eee eye ee 607
tuberculatumis.: = 22s =e 607
PSIMEMITUSEM ULL Sat sees ee ee ee 416
ME DULOSUS Es: & sey eee 416
America. A New Mollusk cf the Genus
Macromphalina from the West
Coast of, by Paul Bartsch ~.. 233
America. New Mollusks of the Family Vit-
rinellidw from the West Coast
Ol bya haul amtcch eae tee sen 167
American Moths of the Genus Argyresthia.
Revision of the, by August Busek........ 5
PTT TAL UT SiC aI O Seca ae ee 5 eee oe ee 526
Ampheces seorraphictiSaaessene see -y422-- 2. 500
Amphipoda of North America, The Fresh-
Water, by Ada I. Weckel..--:...:.--:-.- 25
JNaah ovo wWovaL TOON D eo Ss ee eee 500
SATIUD yexe CHIMIENSI Sie ae cstem ee eee ees See ae 559
Amur. A Review of the Cobitoid Fishes of
the Basin of the, by Leo Berg....-.--.-.- 435
PAID TUS Ee tae sete aera eee ce eee 285,351, 363
COrclataye sec en 25 56 ne eS 361
val demanlipeeere ae a Sears 341
LON SIDES te eer moe ee ee eee 361
TMUTIEG LS eee epee ee Pee ne 344
DUP UIASCCn See see a eae 353
Simmilis re ween eee eee erie see nie 353
simuplexj= 2 ee an eee ese ces ied 353,365
Var COLOTACUS = 2555-22 e—2 357
MACUIAbUS ters reer eee 357
NloTa ee eateseen eee 355
SLE VENSOTMING caereesiocen sae pee 344
ATIGISCS eee eae sate ieee eawiaa tas ee 618
Cremidonovusm: os-sesee-=- = eee ee 618
CIPibATUS tse es. sce = ae Shee 618
HONPISPINOSUS'S 4220 =H e Jewe 618
DASSCLINUS) s =o" as 5 oc ee eo ee 618
tridentullatus,sj9-2ss-5- 55-5 ee ccee 618
GY TAN 52st. a at. ee cence 618
PATON CSIC Sars ase rate ccs ieiata sets eo oe eee 617
AAD Uizeiat ane soe ses 2 eee Se neTs 641,644,730
STACUIS ee 9
slrigatus®: s3soee see eee 77 | thuiellazinc nace Se ee ee 23
TAPUST 2 skticce se eee ee eee 77 undulatellaee essere eee 1522
Anterior fosse, measurements of........--- 181 Visaliellas St each see 15,16
TAI SUIS. SE cicercies Seiclae Seco Ee eee ae OOS |p aeacletn 2 CULL GL cl ce ee eyes eae ee 447
USUTSES Seereree eyes Bae eRe Par abe 598 | Arnold, Ralph, New and Characteristic
Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus)...........-.. 158 Species of Fossil Mollusks from the Oil-
AP NITASUTEA CELOMIMI goer eee eee eee eee 255 bearing Tertiary Formations of Southern
BNY 0) 08 2S) 01: ea ee ae ey es 255 Californias 22. Wi oe ie ase ae 525
deformiss:/24 sone ee ee 255-le ARTENUTIS! oe lo acces eee eee 601
Aplodontiane sme. sas see en 629, 630, 631, 632 DITSel. aos asa ee 601
APOCTANE ONY = 2 hese ee eee ee ere eee ear 26,53 Cardigcus 2 6 sete see ee eee eee 601
ULC UU 10S yee eae 53 CalIGatUSs oo 2. ace ee ets ere 601
A WOte seer hee eee eae ene a eee 327 CONICUS =. eee eine eee 602
TO UA DUIS S yee ae ee ee aren 328 Comiper 24/2533: 2 see eee 602
ATCA MULE COStALA SE saan ee eee eee eee rere 527 cylindiratuseee- eee eee 602
trilineata....<- =<. Se ee eee eee Se O20 globaitor. fee oo eee 602
Archipelago. Notes on the Porcupines of var. megalurus.......-. 602
the Malay Peninsula and, by Marcus INTETPOSITUS Saeeee eee eee 602
Wiand'iby one) thease eee eee open eee 575 krameris oo cee-sese soo eee 602
AT CorCLHe reas Olyiere eee see eee nee 468 VaUtUS fcc SS yes oe oe 602
AT BOS a0 seroece Ree ee Oe ee eee 606 MANU nat Olas ss ease ee 602
MINAUUS Sao ae eee ee Cee 606 MOTVISONIRS ee eee ee ee 602
SANCHEZIve Behera ke te ee eee an 606 parallellatis ses ssee see ee 602
Argulidee, Additional Notes on the Devel- SeCUTILOnIIL Spee aes se eee ae 602
opment of the, with Description of a New SOLISOT. ao Se eee 602
Species. By Charles Branch Wilson. .... 411 | Arytropteris ...... See ae eB s 295
AT POLS AMeCLICAMUS eae see e eee tee eee e 414, 417 Stemdachneniae. cesses sees 296
Ey oyoverovobiyblloyspisia Ae os 419) || SAsaphusaisigviCuse. === seee eee. eee eee 561
Catostomll 5-2 see--5-- 411,412, 417, 419, 423 iblackwelderi..\3e00--82 ce. = eee 560
TOMA CCUS eS fear aoe eee nee 411, 421, 423 Chinensis 2 s2).6-6 seo se. Saee eee 562
LUNG LNs ee ee 411, 414, 416 EXPaNSUSeeemer cr tee eee eee 560, 562
Mea CulosusPe ae sae eee 411, 414, 416 \eeViS eee us eeer eee eee e cee eee 561, 562
MePaAlOpPSesce: Lee eee ee 414, 416 taninpensis: 3223 (Soe eee ees 561
stizostel hits. os. 25c ee nee eee 416 | Asia and the Aleutian Islands. Eighteen
VELSICOlO LE ean eee eee ee 413, 420, 423 New Species and One New Genus of Birds
AT EY TeSthiagysansseccee ecm acne OSCE eee eee y from Eastern, by Austin H. Clark......_.. 467
abdominglistaasess sess see eee 11 | Asia. A Review of the Species of the Ten-
altissimellase=a.es=-eae ss eee nee 7,17 spined Sticklebacks, or Pygosteus from
andenrerriell ae ene eee 14,15 Hast. by Meo Berpesce-tnacsce assoc eee 451
anduegiell ae eee eee eee 140); -Asinus: burchellii ssp nee eae ae eee eee 1
annettellasereete sees eee 12° || GA SCANEO oan 6 ae eee eee eine ce eee 527
apicimacuilella se ssssseeeeeeeee (plone) eAstireea plan) at ae eset eases eee ae eee ee 264
austerellan: eo ecsee eee ece aoe 22 SAVIPMY ANA eS. .cine eeesecee sate 260
belangercellae se os eee 7,18 | Astrzeoporaehrenbergii ........------=--.-- 262
Dole ae - see sacs 21. |, Astreayannuliperase: secre eee eee eee 252
conjugella === ere ee eee 17 deformis;34-2+.-- 322 ee 255
Cupressella ese eee eeeeeee 10 pectinata: 2 os 5 2-c cece eee eee 257
deletella. (af. oe ee 16 Tetiformis oh 2-20. eee ee eee 257
freyellatesc <2 os ae ee 11 | Astreopors 52256, ee ee ae ee eee 262
‘gwoedartellan ens seers ae 11) ehrenbergil 3.2 -=sse acseeeee ee 262
goedastellans 2.3 -8-teehceo eee 12° Adare es. oc ee ee Sera at eee Se aes 604
POecercell aera se eee ee 12 abnormmipes! ss..5420 see eee eee ee 604
INSCrip tell sees eee eee eee 15 actleatus 2.2). se . -ssceee-eeseoes 607
Calliostomaee. een o2 seeteeee ae ee = eee 5266" Cera tog aus). -sss 9: eee eee 627, 629, 631
Callista (Amiantis) diabloensis.........-.-.- 526 THIN OCeRUSe=-— eee eee 627
subdiaphanaser-eeas- ee ee eee 226) @erchneissperpalllidasee sa eee eee ee eee 470
Calotomus japonicus... ..-. RA RACE canoes 501 (iuabonpiavebUlbis) = So eee S soo ke - oss 470
Calyptrobothrium- <-. -<- 2-2 ee meme cine 219) Cexithiginys CO a tiene eee eee eee 531
Calyptrobothrium, a Cestode Genus found topangensise assesses eeeeeee 525, 531
inthe Torpedo. Notes
on, by Edwin Linton. 275
TMMANUS= ee ee eee 275, 279
occidentale... 275,276, 279, 282
Camiptosapnusies sees see eee eee 164
Camptosaurus. The Type of the Jurassic
Reptile Morosaurus Agilis redescribed,
with a Note on, by Charles W. Gilmore.. 151
Cancellariaicandidarea sa-22 sense sae aes 535
fernandoensis. ...-..../..---.- 526,535
SPizwe foci. 5- Sas eee eeeeeen ete 526
Canestriniidse: 825 eee essence 617
Canislatrans'3-A-es=: se ee eee eee 462
occidentalis2 42228 eso eee ee 462
CapNObOtES = eeeee ee. ac ae ee 287, 310
IbTUMenis Sas Se eee 317
fuUlipinosas o==--2- see eee eee 316, 319
fuliginosus= 52255-52252 = sees 311
imperfecta... - - Se tse 302, 303 |
Occldentaliseessaoeasese = -eee 311, 315 |
var. uniformis... :. 317 |
wabucabisy a Bae a 316
@arabodes!...202 ie). see oee soe ae ne as eee 613
SPIGA SS eee eae a atte 613
PIG ViS kd voc oe ae ee te Sea 613
GOTSAlISe. 3 seat soe ee Saco 613
NER oe ne wace novos oEleetesans 613
QDION 2a eects eee aoe ene ear 613
Cestode Genus found in the Torpedo, A.
Notes on Calyptrobothrium, by Edwin
Linton! 22 aise 2 act eee ce se eae
Chenopsis alepid obaees see aces ae eea see
Chetodon: ss 425452 4 eee. 2 ee ee
Chalciope undulatella..............-..------
@hamnidses saceecce eee a eee eee eee
C@haracodontess--ceeesesosee area eee
Characteristic Species of Fossil Mollusks
from the Oil-bearing Tertiary Formations
of Southern California, by Ralph Arnold. .
CheilinusjosmyrbyncChusse. ssa eee
Cheilionmenrmis assess) eee ree
Cheilodactyilidicess eer eee
I Ghelidoniehit ys ase s= see eae eee
| @helidopteras -a-esemesee sone secre eee
@hielonisiae 4-25 -e eee eee eee eer
Cheyletidte snes --ce- ese eee eee ust
Cheyletuss. ees cses-6o= 25a see eee
jopAMNoMmanls|s ~ 2h oo] Sos osesaseeescs
SCMINLVOLUSe. = a= eeete ela -rlecie vei
INDEX. 749
Page, , Page.
China. Descriptions of New Species of Or- C@nesterod oneeeeecen aero ee none ee 425, 431
dovician Fossils from, by Stuart Weller.. 557 decemmaclatus= == s-..2-+ sss. 431
(CLOVES A ete eee eS SE Been eee see 526
LeMpPlOTENSISMsee- ae ass eee eee 526
ITI OLA erie oe ee eee se ne 641, 644, 731
US baa Gy oops ee ei eyeretra 735
hawaiiensis........ 637, 638, 641, 731, 733
DOTA UE aan. ase ce aa een ae 733
Pisani sey | ascot eae np eit 640, 735
DUNP UREA s/o ee ec eae 640
unisenriglisee 3 eee se 639, 641, 733
GIG OG IN 8S ee Se eS eee oe 731
Chievastesicolubrinus..2 22222225. 2 22-2 so: 492
Chlorostoma aureotinctum..............-- 533
Ro KH Gee ey a cate Se ee Ne 525, 533, 534
omphalius.daliites see eeeee = 533
(Omphalius) dalli var. inorna-
TUS 25 ro ee eo ere ee ee 533
(Omphalius) dalli var. subno-
GOSUSES oor Rees ae ee tee ne 534
Chondnacanithisseeeseee ase sae sees 423
@hondroclosdtweecmee set cee eeaec cen See 718
KOLersteinin sass eee ee see 720
VAR ie ae eae 719, 727
CHOTIO Dies meee seer eres ees Stee 619
CQL ees tte et sesso ats 619
CHiromiswpuNnctipinMiss-.2. ose + e2 ee oe Sse 72
Chrysodomus aroldia= =. "22.52... 2. 526
(CHM DiS a os RS SoS e eRe eo tales Dean ope ies 611
CUCU risers sce cee ee. ae nee 611
lms lt ae eee ORS nea wane ae Ee 611
IEA C OM Ae a terse ee eee ere aeetors 611
Girculusicerrosensisis-aso- 5022 eee 603
SracilipeS: Ely strin brachial oes ae ee ee 575, 579
anulifera -........ 638, 640, 641, 651, 671 brevispinosa sss e cee oc SSeeeee ee 580
arenicolas: aceneeee ones 642, 651, 662 CLASSISPINISHSe 225 2 eee eee 581
aires ae oe 637, 6389, 640, 642, 650, 655, 657 fasciculata.-<2 ae eee ae 586, 589, 590
CINCTASCENS Fs ease ee Eee 637, Frotels.. 2k oe ae ee eee 579
640, 642, 650, 654, 658, 659 JaVaNi Cad ease ns see See ens aere 581
CUDIOSS Aa 2ce eee eee 662 javenicume. 2 2. seen ee eee 581
discrepans= 24s te aee ere ee 670 longicaudarsee seer ae eee 579,580
@TIMNACCUS 2a ..< estas Soe eee aoe 653 MACIOULCH: 2c sec ess obese eae 586, 590
INDEX. (6535)
Page, Page.
Ty S TRIM ACTON Ome nae tere eee ae sa oe 584 | Jordan, David Starr. A Review of the Fishes
ATAU Orv eerste ee ec heats = 580 | of the Family Ger-
[DUNO Moe Se eel Sole ere Seen 584 | ride found in the
HOM Wate sete ee race toe ise ea 580 Waters of Japan... 245
TidhtOnOUUSs sec: eases Oe eee Sas ease cles 394 A Review of the Fishes
DRE VIC Sees eas eee eens os 396 of the Family His-
DRUNMNEUSR eerie ns cree teeta 394, 395 tiopteridee, found in
SUD COTM GUS een ee eee) cae 397 the Waters of Ja-
MOST AT US acre etme se we ee oe eee 331,373 pan; with a Note
aequalis! = terse Me ee ao 376 on Tephritis Giin-
Ibiinew@tUs sso ee ee eee = 379,381 Chere sees esa eee. 235
CN ION OMS ee se eee esas os aeee 381 and Albert Christian
elecamS sane eee sot eee ae eo 384 Herre. A Review of
LOM OT Abas: See A seeks aoe ane 387 the Lizard-Fishes
LUISCOPUN Ca bUSeeeee sere ee ssa 382 or Synodontide of
hermaniiseer s-see were Se eeeee eee 381 the Waters of Ja-
INGTMISS eee eo aes 386 Deere Reece ee 513
ME WACENSISMe se nea eee. ele 378 and Edwin Chapin
RG jae eae deee= acer eee eere 382 Starks. List of
SITUS ae eee ec eee eee reste 339,378 | Fishes Recorded
VEIIIOP Bib Ae nants mele atebas etatey snes 387 | from Okinawa or
Mlsenus?ibronteoides=: 222252. -22.-25-----5 563 | the Riu Kiu Islands
1 KCoY0 Voy a ars ry eR rep te ae 425, 427 | OU a panies 49]
DAT ASUAyeNSekae eee asses se eee eee ee 428 and Edwin Chapin
Isopod from Guatemala, the Type of a New Starks. Note on
Genus. A New Terrestrial, by Harriet Otohime. A New
Richard Sones aseee a eee ea ees sce 447 | “Genus ofGurnards. 131
LIGAHKGYS) Ooo C0 bBo 9) Ree een Se ee 71 | and Edwin Chapin —
TEX OU ESeeecee pees Seger CHASeIe Se peace 606, 608 Starks. Notes on
BNeSUSTUSSEA eee an samen en oie 606 Fishes from the Is-
ATCUICUS serene ese eee oie aoe 606 land of Santa Cata-
JORUMME US Ser et mes ee eee ee ae oe 606 lina, Southern Cali-
Caio nmiCuS esas eee ere ee oe oe 606 | TOTMID saeenie eee aes 67
GINCUUS: peeee pees ems s aie See ort HOST UUM CORVUL CATs ay een seit a= rye ee 468
COOKCIS Seer tone a re athe ae GOGR A IUINUPeLUSSMes sans ace nee ene ee 11
Genta tists ee cena ees ese .. 606 | Jurassic Reptile Morosaurus Agilis Rede-
GIVENSITOSS1 Seer eee eee ae eee 606 | seribed, with a Note on Camptosaurus.
CLnoviCus seem mc - oaaee ee eae ao 608 | The Type of the, by Charles W. Gilmore.. 151
FTOMUAIS hanya = ee Somer oe see 606 | Kankakee Valley. Notes on Mammals of
TuSCUSH aes eee SEE Oe eee 607 thesby Walter i. sEalmi= = 2.22.2 --= 2 2. 455
INCHOAGU S=yseserer ee Nee rea eee 607 | Kansas. A new Horned Rodent from the
TEGO KoS city ed re ee ee ee ee 622. Miocene of, by James Williams Gidley.... 627
Tl CEN U1 See ee enn ee gs ees Gye ile icorsratlllaons 5 534 aoe anos ee nee eee 603
SCH DUILEISHee ee seme see on aed es 607 | CON CAN Ase oe crea an ene e cee 603
SCULDGUSM ee enema ee ieee ne ae ee 607 | IKSTeNn GO Wis Kids pea eee nes aes sor 601
UUUGT ces seat ee a ee ae as ay Bet 607 | CONE) Fe teers As ere a eae 601
UXO GI Bese cen eee se re aaaes tec eases GOGMIRKey pho Sid tena eet eee eee ease eases 496
Jackson County, North Carolina. On the el BOTCIO CIN S Sees eae peers 640, 643, 674
Meteorite from Rich Mountain, by George semperianum........... 640, 642, 674
EA Mie rr] emer ce ee tee ee Ors re eeaeecin: DAS lea bid Op] axa bus elise see eee ae enna ae 719
Japan. - se eeeeenee sees 256
himnochares'’..2=56-5--ceecosson eee 601 | MODUWC sas c.caciscesacgee see ase 260
Madreporayserailiaem seme ses -- ese cose we
Madreporarian Corals from French Somali-
land, East Africa, Collected by Dr. Charles
Gravier, by T. Wayland Vaughn.......-.
Mcandra ye estate ae nace oc aaiakeeesaeees
Jamielllingeeseeceec= cao scecc< cee
pach chilaca-esnaass52sceccosesss
(Platygyra) labyrinthica var.
pachychilaewas soe
Jenne Lint ee see ae
Maine. A new Brachiopod, Rensselaeria
Mainensis, from the Devonian of, by
lalsuayislaevicie \WibeweS o o Soe eo Seonmascae
Mainensis, from the Devonian of Maine. A
new Brachiopod, Rensselaeria, by Henry
Shale cavalier see eee eae re ee
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. Notes
on the Porcupines of the, by Marcus Ward
VOPR Pemeyoee nee eens See ha cee core
Mammals of the Kankakee Valley. Notes
TULL SG US ee eee ee ae
Marine Worms of the genus Myzostoma.
Newer byidi. HyMeC@lendon ss. ss css ec 22.
MENTO HEE NAOT AND. ¢..c ae oon nS SogoseadoUaanboS
Matodain(tareet pore yiccescesssce .sscee se
Measurements of Cranial Fossee—
detailed data
external length of skull compared with
cheyinternalyas ona ose cena yee ects oe
foramen eccecum to pituitary fossa.......
greatest ventral frontal breadth........
mid GIGMOSS arses ee saeen seco ces oe
posterior fosse, cerebral portion.......
the postero-inferior or cerebellar fossx. -
Measurements of the Cranial Fosse, by
AMlessHirdlickayns Mest sees sce eee cence
Wi eyed RNs) Oye ve es Secee, Ceca Aen a
Megalopsicyprinoides 22225242 2 2225-2 5-2
IMCPISbHaTUISh sea Sa ee teen nace ceeees
Me print ape seetee oes See ee ae ee sae
aCUleabUSBess a= spniees one sice ree Se
Obi gear tee eee eas
LOTCID AGUS ers ese ee
Bladistonaeey: sees 2 ee eee
DIEI-M ay OLS == s5- ae ans See ee
biype CL Bete pares peter ee ee cet
WIG DIE ENS Sa 3en Baedeeb as CackGns A eeaenesee
Meniscomys . . -
Mephitis mesomelas avia ...........-.......
DUGG Rosca seee acto. Ses
Merrill, George P. Notes on the Composi-
tion and Structure of
the Hendersonville,
North Carolina, Me-
(LeOnibes eee eee
On a newly found Me-
teorite from Selma,
Dallas County, Ala-
DAMA as eee as
No by
bo
cr oi or
w
59
|
|
INDEX. Oe
age, | ‘ Page.
255 | Merrill, George P. On a Peculiar Form of
Metamorphism in Si-
liceous Sandstone .... 547
On the Meteorite from
Rich Mountain, Jack-
son County, North
Carolinaiee sea 241
IMESLEC Sree tes Seto eee es Sa 679
MGSO CHUNIA sae eee een ine 640, 643, 679
abbrevisitaiee 22 see ae te eae 682
CaGnosa, so ss-4- 639, 640, 641, 679, 682, 686
nolothunioides sesss=sssse2 ee ee 682
INGeRbtA As oes eee eee Sameer 682
INGLES CIN ai Sse ae oe ee ee 639, 682
lactcae ses oe eee nee 682
STIL SANTG 170 Gs ea ee 682
samo ban oye AAS eae eases oaaseoe 682
WOU bT Alene oA A 640, 642, 682, 683, 686
VEL Darvel nc- ee eeee ee 686
Oktalkknemus: sesso eee ee 682
Davart eoeee 640, 642, 682, 685, 686
SQUAM OSH Ee aaa eae eee ae 682
GCHOMSON es eeoe eee eee 682
VerEll ieee Ne Sco 5 oer ee 639, 682
Metamorphism in Siliceous Sandstone. On
a Peculiar Form of, by George PwMerrill.. 547
Meteorite from Rich Mountain, Jackson
County, North Carolina. On the, by
Georzer Pe Mernillliaes eee ee eee ee 241
Meteorite from Selma, Dallas County, Ala-
bama. On a newly found, by George P.
MiG rer ee peepee ee eit Steen eee iam 59
Meteorite. Notes on the Composition and
Structure of the Hendersonville, North
Carolina, by George P. Merrill..........-. 79
Mexico. Two New Land Shells from, by
Pate B artschiaeaes sus snaee we aero oe 119
Microdonophisieraboj.aseee] eee eee. eee 492
Microtromibi dium asso) ae eeee os ee aeeee 600
gramulosaeeras assess 600
LOCHSUES TUM ee eee ee eee 600
US CaIg i ores eer 600
trombidiodes ............ 600
MICroOtUSIaUStChUS seen re esa sees e eee nee 460
pennsylVaNniGusia-= 45s eee 459
Middle fosse, measurements of... ......... 189
MiG GODSIS! je pepe Cees san = ee ee 602
ODDICU] aT See eee 602
Miocene of Kansas. A New Horned Rodent
from the, by James Williams Gidley . ..... 627
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus .............. 435, 436
GecemcinrOSuses. see) eee eee 435, 436
TOSSLTS Herne Sena ee te 435
anguillicaudatus....._. 435, 437
Mites of the United States. A Catalogue of
the Acarina, or, by Nathan Banks..._..... 595
IMOGIONISERECUUS men aaa oe oeiae as see ne eee eee 526
Mollusk of the Genus Eulima. A New Para-
SUL AD ye bate at SC hives eee eee 555
Mollusk of the Genus Macromphalina from
the West Coast of America. A New, by
UES Sure GSCH sree oe creosote eee eee 233
Mollusks from the Oil-bearing Tertiary
Formations of Southern California. New
and Characteristic Species of Fossil, by
Ven weAuT1 O] GUSe see See 8 eee ee 525
758 INDEX.
Page, Page.
Mollusks of the Family Vitrinellidee from Murenidte <2 een le. fo see eee ee 493.
the West Coast of America. New, by Murex eldnid geies essen cee ae eee EO Do
PamltBartschet. 5. qs-sk-ceesenee eeeeeee Bees alley INGISUS=sceseett tee eee Eee eee 537
Mollusks of the Genus VPlanorbis. The MUS MmUSCUUISee: sana eee eee ee eee 459
Philippine, by Paul Bartsch .........--.- 83 NOT VCRICUS ere tae eect eee 459
Mona canbhussse bite is oes ee eee 502, 9) Mcy auntie Carta cere ee tore een 527
Monieziellae my cite ie po ae a G17) Myla ailidcet i eee sa ee eee 628
BUSUStA cease eee meee ere OL SiMiiyd are anal seen eee 629, 630, 632, 633
brewibarsis)/ss2--8 25a ee eee Gis MEY O DIGS Ses sane, sere ee ee ne eee 597
longipes.-..... et Ee ES oS 617 MUU SCUME eee soe etn eaten teesesd 597
Moniomigeroschisiidyse sees se eee eee S27 ge Miy TiC ces 2 ea ea eee ee 492
Monopteridie 2.222 55 2ane eee aaa es eee 492 | Mytilus mathewsonii var. expansus-..... 525, 528
Monoptenustal bus see == eee ae 492 | Myzostoma cerriferoidum..-.......-.....-.- 64
MONORY SINS ere eee ee eee oa eee aes cee 275 Cerner ss. ree eee 64
Moringa abbreviate se assess eee see 493 CLADE OS a ay eae Tere ne See 63, 65
Morne Ud Sets hee terse ee eee ee 493, CUbanUMS Sate ee ner eee 63
MOrOSa URIS! = nae ee renee ees 158 CYSbLCOlUME esse ee 65
aAgilise Seeeeesinsse cmos 151, 152, 154, 163 cystihymenodes.... 65
A Note on the genus Geom s-— ee. oe ee 65
Camptosaurus........- 164 elegans): 2. ce cee see eee eee 64
description of skull... -- 154 Gyro have Nas sasebsocscenes 64
description of the type Myzostoma, New Marine Worms of the
HOOVAI A = aoc asoccace 153 Genus, by J. F. McClendon...........-..... 63
occurrence and relation- Najadicolass. 420 -— eo aee sae ee ee 605
shipsis2 ss oe- ceeeeee 163 In Pens. ews og easter eee 605
opening sinithels kills see eue oobi eeNias Sanh trai eeeer ees ee eee eee 527, 537
Morosaurus Agilis Redescribed, with a Note National Museum. see s2s-22 222 555
signatal. -At fac. geese eosse eee 612 | Parasbrealsavs omyleseneeee seco eee sees eee 256
Oribatidees: 5 4556s e- eee esen: eros eens 6115615) |) Parupencuse- 3: ssse-es-cs=- se eae eae 88
BSPIGIOUINE pecceseec cence et oe ee 615 | barberinus: cs. sccsces-ce- meer: 92
Page
Parupeneus bifasciatus......-..-- Re eters 88
ANGI CUS eters hese eae et Seats 94
Pectentashileyie saaseess ss aaaceeeisioss cee aces 27
IDO WEIS) wremeacceae Sacer serestas noc 26
estrellanus var. cataline..........-- 527
Na staGuss etescen- sae ces. nt oe 527
NCBI CV terete ae os ee he anise ers 527
NaiGianibUssee cee oe =< asec oe oe 527
ODUMGI Sean ce Neer ae ene Stowe Ske 527
pedroanus. -------- eee Ta Seale ois 527
SESPOCCNSIS seerae es sees aetna aes 532
warsby del, <<< 5. in ssne< os 528
COs daa ae espe a ee eens Reece 526, 527
SLRS CMON) ASS ee ieee Se eee er 527
Peculiar Form of Metamorphism in Siliceous
Sandstone, Ona, by George P. Merrill.... 547
edi Culoid ess sean eee ass eee eee ceria 615
Veli GOSUS Ee ses aaeree cece 615
IRENLACELOPSIS Sepia ae eee meee Hees 236
PEN UR CCTOS Sees eae eye nese Selec 238
Pentacnemus bucculatricis..............-.-- 24
IRETANADTASH a ee ee ee ae ne ee 285, 362
SCA DTICOlIS sa aseeeeneee eee 359, 363
Pericrocotus cinereus cinereus...........--- 474
intermedius.......... 474
pa POLICU Seem ase seers 474
LEO Gath see oan Soeenehe so Sn See e een EDE 567
Gruceoidess: <3 s-r2h-< Sense eee te 567
Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis....... 459
MIGhiSAnensiseas ep eeese eee see 459
Petroscirtes elatus-..2-2.---.. dys eS ee 504
Rnacoldesannilatusisesee-seseeaseee ec aess 527
Tiechtholeniore ees ee eee eae O20
BNEILOCCTOS ser See eee cee es eee ne 431
caudomaculatis=s=--sess= == ee 431
aL O GY CLUS sees oe er eisai 430
HANUA TUS Se eee eee seer ee 431
Phasianus karpowi buturlini..............- 468
Ka TD OWitersseecee see 468, 469
Philippine Mollusks of the Genus Planorbis,
byseaulbbartschuswaasseseee eae sce 83
Philippine Pond Snails of the Genus Vivi-
DATA yee aulebaTgschee ees meee nacee = 135
IR Hiny Sil sium COLON eee ser ea eee aeeeeen 468 |
EeninyRlOCTINUS see ets eee eee ae esse c= 507
NUCL yas ase ee seers 507, 511
ht hina cams @eere se 2 5 Sen ae See 614
BTCC AL Bhs ee wera states sles seinne: as 614
CLY;P OPUS aac ce ee eee 614
PAD Tata eee eee eee 614
Phylocoptes carrie emiee. asa ese scons anesetss 21
COTMUILIS Mey are eer ee races 621
OlCIVOTUSE sates sees ae 621
schlechtend alijea-sees ee ae 621
Phyllostoma bernicaudum..............--- 108
bTaChyOUOSe as 4-222 -- jess oee ce 108
Drachiyo lima esses ee see eae 105
breva Cau dumr se. eee ee 108
calcarat Umass acre ee os 109
fad hale se SE eee eae ee ter coens 109
lanceolatumics 2m. -see sans ee 109
SOTICINUME= 5 Sane asco eee 107
IPN Y SOP Y Tama asses Tae et Pas eo ssrosccces 249
[02st I) ee SCOR eso Se te cs aa aaeeO se 249, 250
PTA VIC Tienes: cote es ee 251
Somaliensis'=--.----_-- Piysteionjee 249, 250
Page.
I CUSICA NUS =r ase eee eee ree 473
Chl OniO Re. escheat oe eee 473
LETTE OP ELO TUS eerste need ay eee 615
AMLETICANMS Bee esses eee 615
PLO Neer ase ear) Po oe AMR os Papen oe 605
CONSETICEISIn = Serer ee Eee ee ee 605
COLOMIS erate See Bene ae ate SS eras 605
CRASSUS) 2s se. otto se sore oe ne ate 605
Gebillis Meee so cet ere 605
Oxi gti taeier ote Se. oe ee 605
TUSCAUUSAS sere ater eee eee 605
PuavemalenGiSe= cases eee ee 605
INGCONGLATIS yy eee sep eee es ee 605
TYTCGLTTS eee oor eee ee 605
OJ G UD anise ee a eer ae 605
MU STILS Se yal n ees See eee 605
OLS ENT ieee oes nee eee 605
TOLUNGUS eee sere ee ee et ee 605
Selipenst pseta-teahewnesos- eres eee 605
SPINULOSUS Beem eee ae ee 605
trian pulariseescs co ee hese ee tee ce 605
UTES Seeman ee ee ee eee 605
iPisania fortis var. angulata-..222---.225. ¢ 526, 536
RIaPiOSbIT ameter. notes nee ee tee eee he eee 388
albotasciaitaies sees ee eee ee 337
albOnotatalmecss= sss eee aoe 389
var. brevipes.....-.. 392
gillettei Res ee Sac se oe 392
PaPVOUEY So es sodesenscsopeeas an BByhas!)
PIANOUDIS en sete ae see Cece eee eee 83
(Gryaulus) mindanensis.......... 83
Quiadrasiee see ee 83
(Helicorbis) luzonicus............ 84
MEAIMSLSeyee. she eee 84
(Hippeutis) luzonicus....-......- 84,85
Planorbis. The Philippine Mollusks of the
Genus, bybaul (Banrtsche see. 2-= seer ee 83
1H ERGO Ge ears eee mean een oe ems eee eee 501
Pla taxabellame ane potas eter cnn erties jaen see 501
Pla tecar puss. Me oc: Sen sn eet aesesose se - 161, 484
Platy Cleisis se ance a. 2 ane ses Soa one ees ce ee 403
fletchenrihrraecsa ce Soe ee ae oe 403
atypPLOSUCTM A CCLGS seme acca aaee ee = sate 567
Plectorthisywaillisizecc-secssee soe aeeecie eee 557
Plerogyra lichtensteini................... 249,250
Plesiosaurs. The Skull of Brachauchenius,
with Observations on the Relationships of
the, by Samuel W. Williston. ............. 477
PIGuTOneC LID eeer ates teas sae eens oe 72
Pleura tomas sess ss see ascecean=seee ee eee een 527
(Bathy toma) keepi --23.2-22--- 529
UnOGhity oe oe een ooee nage 529
IPHOSRUTUSH ease - ae ST ay Fe 485
LCLO Xtevcre seme anes 478, 480, 481, 485
Peeciliid Fishes of Rio Grande do Sul and the
La Plata Basin, by Carl H. Eigenmann.... 425
Polyacanthus!opercularis.<. 2: --.+-----.--- 503
BOL CO tYAUS aoe eee so soe ase ee 478
Polydactylus approximans ...........-..-.-- 68
IRolyamixdiid eeepc sce ses sence ee oe eae 87
RO WyMOMMI Gs Meee oe ee eal eee oe 68
Polynemus'califomiensis-os----c2-s--2+ 55" 68
Polyxornadulatellamse=-esesss-ee see eee 22
IBOMPCeMUTIC anes ae ee tees aaa eee eae 72, 500
Pond Snails of the Genus Vivipara.
Philippine, by Paul Bartsch............-- 135
762 INDEX.
Page Page
Pontoporeia. . |... ihe. 2secco- - eocnee cet en- 92020) || CEtIOCTINUS 2a ames -e eee e eee eee eee 551
‘aflinis’ on 8st ees osoee eee 26 PINNAtUSsee eee eee 551, 555, 556
fiLICOINIS Sasso eee 26 | (Ptilocrinus Pinnatus) from the Pacific
DOVises- eee PAIN) EA eed 26
Poreupines of the Malay Peninsula and
Archipelago. Notes on the, by Marcus
Ward Lyons jtsece st eet aes eee eee ae 575
Posterior fosse: cerebral portion, meas-
turements ols. 2) Sess aes eee 193
Postero-inferior or cerebellar fosse, length
Olsicace ht sas peat same pte eee amen 203
PrienevoreconensiS ssa -ee ee eee eee 527
var. angelensis -.-...-- 526, 536
PIAGnRStIsea SPiNOSAs =o seee—6 see 256, 257
Prionotus::: sa s2 oases eee ones eer eae 131
Proctophyllod és aacc=-- ease ee ese eae 618
Te viewlifeTee. = 4 esse 618
iProcyonwlotore-ecsee see eee aaa eee 463
Prolimacodes'dividuasesssss-esesa=e ee 567
Scap has as scare seen eee ee 567
Protankyrass 22: -o5- = see see 641, 644, 727
aby ssicolaes a-asse cee see 719
albatrosst esse see seecee 639, 641,728
challengeritss- 2. aoe nee 639, 729
Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus.....-..-.-- 502
Pseudostichopus=-cse.22-2 = 20 eee 641, 643, 691
MOlliss2 jo32. seers ace 639,693
occulatus meee eee eee 693
PLOpINGuUUS eee 636, 641, 691
PUSTULOSUSE sees eee ese 693
trachwuse sect e. deseo secse 693
IP SCUIGUPCNEUS ae a. ease eacate ose eer ies 88
barberiniustes ae eee ase 93
chrysopleuronejseee]---eeee 95
INdICUSS settee oo eee 93,94, 496
ISChiyTUS! Secs cote eee 87,90
MOAN HS se oe See ..- 89, 496
MU ITASCAtUNS sess — eae 89
pleunospilOse===sscee ee] eee 96
Ps RI DUMUADISS 35 Soa snosaseemsssce 91
IP SOliN 864 sess soos aes nee eee eee 641,715
PSOMS 220 23.2282 22.535 esedacioee ees 641, 644, 715
MACTOPIS 3 y= =e eis See = ee 641,715
MONACRTIUS sete ee ae ee ee eee 659
Psoregatess 4. 3s8sc2 sack oes coc oar “Ea eee 597
Sim plexi so s2se 5 cee eee 597
Pseoropnora ciliata ssa--ece a -eeene es eee 122
PsoropteS...02 226 22 o-st pec ees cece eee 619
DOVISie: 255 socket sone ee 619
OWAS i se So ees ae ee ects 619
Pteroisvolitens 2522 sce tee eae oe eee as 503
Pterolepis. alc s 5: 2.2 eee eee ae 324
dail demas it Ses eee 341
TUNG W'S Serene tgs nee 344
stevensonil ss¢ -55-- see eee 344
Pterolichus:, 24s ee i See eee eee 617
aquilinus=< 2538 24226 see 617
buchholzigeec aa. eee ene 617
longiventerJ-- ere eee ee 617
PteronySsusis ack-2 sos aohe ee eee 618
simplemet 25. s2ncbccen=sctesese 618
SpeclOsuss: 7-2 ~-a--- ee - oe 618
ty Trellia pester cee 618
Pteroptus sac css cceescce ee 32s eee ee 609 |
@INETICANUSS sees cee re aee eee 609
IPVEROSR UNI Bae aes eee aera 158
Coast, with a Note on Bathycrinus. A
New Species of Crinoid, by Austin H.
Clarkin. esses ee tsse cose eee 551
Pupuraedmondil sees see eee 530
Purpura e dm ONG seat eae eee 525
Putorius noveboracensis........---.------- 463
Pygosteus from East Asia. A Review of
the Ten-Spined Sticklebacks or, by Leo
BGreg). to-soes dae ua ae eee eee oan 451
Pygosteusileeviss-— 4 se ess -as=ee ee eeeee 454
platy gasters == ssa -e ose seeee 454
DUD PIGIUSteee eee eee eee 451, 452, 453
SINENSIS 2, 255 ojos eee ee 452, 454
SCCHUTUS=--o2-425 eee 453, 454
wossnessenskyi..- 452, 453, 454
steindachneri-ss--- a e eee ee eee ee 452
byMensisere possess cere oe sees 452, 454
Wndecimailis ses - 25 eeeeee eles Sect etoe
Quadrariuis: 225.8 secre ence cen eeee ee 236
QUIN QUaTLUS.\S55-2c see ee ee eee ee eeeee 236, 238
JAPONICUS! sacncncooee cee 239
Rahtee goolivindaeasse se. ns-- eee eeeeeee 93
Raillietiae. ceca. a tae cemee secret eens 609
OUITIS ts ee oto cee seme ee eeeeecieeeee 609
Ra tuis, hee se oot, eee tec eee oer eee 439
ATUSINUNS? ese ac cee eee oe 440, 442, 443, 444
1st) Kol ee ee eee ee roocacee 440, 441
Catemanar maces eee eee 440, 443, 444
hy Ole Care seese erent 439, 441, 442, 443, 444
palliatavenen cece seeeees 439, 440, 441, 442
Recurvaria thuyellanesnss assess eee 24
INGA NCOC HDs 66 son secon acheocadsacsscen see0c 72
Regalecustrussel ieee eee seer iemeettstteteta 72
Rehniaiecss-. sass a See eee eeenae 305
SPINOSP ee oes eneeee eee eee See eees 307
VICtOMe ye caetenisceece cena 305, 306
Relationships of the Plesiosaurs. The Skull
of Brachauchenius, with Observations on
the, by Samuel W. Williston............. 477
Remarks on the Giant Squirrels of Sumatra,
with Description of two New Species, by
Marcus Ward lbyon) jtecc---e-----2s esse 439
Remiz consobrinus consobrinus...-....--- 474, 475
japonicus? —--2----4-- 475
SUMUSUS! Soc22c se cee cee 474
Rensselaeria (Beachia) suessana ......----- 267
ONAINCNS| Sse ee eee eee meee 267, 268
Rensselaeria Mainensis, from the Devonian
of Maine. A New Brachio-
pod, by Henry Shaler Wil-
lias: 2 so2 2 cscs eee seca oes 267
miutabilisesa:ccsaseee seer ees ese 268
OVOLDES 3. = eee eee ee eee 269
gllessanan Fees eee eee 268
| Report on the Mosquitoes of the Coast Re-
gion of California, with Descriptions of
New Species, by Harrison G. Dyar...-.-.- 121
Reptile Morosaurus Agilis Redescribed, with
a Note on Camptosaurus. The Type of
the Jurassic, by Charles W. Gilmore .-..-.- 151
| Review of the Bats of the Genus Hemi-
derma, by Walter L. Hahn.......-.--.--- 103
INDEX. 763
Page. Page,
Review of the Cobitoid Fishes of the Basin Salamander from Nicaragua. A New, by
of the Amur, by Leo. Berg.............-.- 435 eonhard Steyneser: s--2e. 5 sae ee eee 465
Review of the Fishes of the Family Gerridz Salarigsceramensis.s-.--.-.-...-.5.2.....5- 504
found in the Waters of Japan, by David SAIL OMIEY OD Shear eee oe ee eee ee 514
Stari Olde Wereerescreae eens: son cect 245 BV EUITLL S Sota S yale ee ra teeta 517
Review of the Fishes of the Family Histi- Sandstone. On a Peculiar Form of Meta-
opteride, found in the Waters of Japan,
with a Note on Tephritis Giinther, by
DayidiStarrnvOrdanessscs secre ears sess. 235
Review of the Lizard-fishes or Synodontide
of the Waters of Japan, by David Starr
Jordan and Albert Christian Herre. ._.... 513
Review of the Mullide, Surmullets, or Goat-
fishes of the Shores of Japan, by John Ot-
Lenbelnpsony. ders a asaeee sete ee a tees! oe 87
Review of the Species of the Ten-Spined
Sticklebacks or Pygosteus from East Asia,
DV CORD Grisman emma ee hae. | 451
Revision of the American Moths of the Ge-
nus Argyresthia, by August Busck....._. 5
Ra PUG Bye setae elas oe eee ey a 596
CAViC OLA ee tome eee Se oe 596
Dalida sacs eee eee oe 596
Rhinogobius nebulosus....-..-.-..........- 503
EURINO PS MIM OLS es Sas oe See eee 105, 109
RUZ ORLY PMS ameter ets Peat ea ees aie 616
ClON LATS see eee ae ee 616
Eyer Un eer eee ee 616
LOMPICALS Sie eee eee ee ee 616
piylloxercy sesame 616
EAIZOPHAS US eee eee eee 616
CATSaliSiee se eae eee ee 616
Rihynchocephaliater esse eecesrsssease eases 158
Evy Ch OOP MIG eee seep ce eae 599
Hh yneCholo passa cree oe en nea 599
AN SUStiPesxaase senses eee 599
CaVeETMaATUM a fics esse 599
elongaitGUSe: eee ee 599
Hordsantiste sess es 599
LONSIPESES Pe ee eee oe 599
MACULAGUS eee eee ee 599
TT OMT Sees eee ee eae 599
DREVUSIeae eee seen see eae 599
PILOSUSHesea seen eee eee) 599
PUNCTAUUSS moc ee meee meee 599
TODUSTUS= seer ae eee 599
TOSCUSscrtosseis sis 5s 599
SlMplOx: Fe c2ce,-SSccee ack 599
COX ANUS ae ete gece 599
Rich Mountain, Jackson County, North Car-
olina. On the Meteorite from, by George
Pap Mierrill eee eee ee ee see rayne sei 241
Richardson, Harriet. A New Terrestrial
Isopod from Guatemala, the Type of a
IN Gwe Genser oe eee ne ne a ae Se 447
RICH Ard Son ldeesem ace eee eee cree ke 236
Rio Grando do Sul and the La Plata Basin.
The Peeciliid Fishes of, by Carl H. Eigen-
TAO ONO SARE pecs MSE ttc eae ee 425
Riu Kiu Islands of Japan. List of Fishes
Recorded from Okinawa or the, by David
Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks.. 491
UINUILUS secre So ee mae ie ISA eee 432
PUNCTALUSH Aen oo a soso he nce 432
Rodent from the Miocene of Kansas. A
New Horned, by James Williams Gidley.. 627
morphism in Siliceous, by George P. Mer-
Tle ese sc SEE SS Set ene eee ae, eae 547
Santa Catalina, Southern California. Notes
on Fishes from the Island of, by David
Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks.. 67
SAPCODLOS Es seeps tana aot: eee ye Ue 620
CUNIS Bae a Sects ee 620
CO QUI ae enn Sa nce noe tee 620
OMISE 2 eee see soe a ee de 620
SCabielear ce hea eee eee ee 620
= scabieiecrustosse. 222.252. sss. 620
SUISEE eect era cnee Soe bees eacse 620
SQumid Bee a aac ce ees a pce es 4. 518
ATV ODN ANeS are e eee see ee ee 519
GSI) Shs Sa Sarasa Seer SocceehOEEeeemee 520
[biog lle Se esas eaeGHen Sea aeaae 521
5S DUTT CH GIG HY, Semen tee mene = ine See eee 522
IS AUMU SE aa sae oe senor le elec ee kn eee 516
ATA VLOPNANese ss cases ea = 519, 520, 521
DERGVITOSULES sae rere fae rae eee 514
1Fh0al) OC AD IS een ee re le ao a 514
NCIS see eee MONET eRe Hee 517
DNV ODShrycseme ae aati = oo ee ye eer 514
ET ACHINUG Sees: Be Sa teh eae Ae 514
GUM Cabs Ser. cise eae sc Sea piers a 514
VATICL A CUSM eer eee een ts tase ead 517
WHA She ee tt a ee ae Ane olf
SCALOMU Spe, UAClCU Seems see eee nee 464
Searichthyide...........--- Be ere oe 501
SCHIZOCa TU Sea oe eee tae te es Se xe 619
SS CULLLS ote eee ee ee al eet ae a 591
Quadiripilisstess sees ee scene 597
SCISSH DTaP meee echt te cece Has aacee 175
CaN Sore ee oe soit terete soe 175,176
SCHITOPUCLUSKVOlIN Seeme oe cee eee aes ae 459
Sciurus carolinensis hypopheus............ 456
leucobisia ep sess: 456, 457
Nudsonicusiloquaxses.. esos sees 458
NyjPOleCOS se sets meee eee enc 441
MIPemMIveNntersaas- sae eee eee 457
SCIELOD Dy] dimen ees oe ee S228
MAN ATIGICOl Ama eee ee eee ee 258
ScolexanolymorpuUsse sees cere nen se 283
PCOlOPEM dra eTOS see seers sees ts eee 335
Scomberoides orientalis....................- 494
SCOmMp Tid Stee eens wee ee ee es ea Re, 69
Scorpeenidee:..-.. 5... Bee elisha easric te 2 Pseeeee 503
SCORPZeNOpsiS Pibbosae sense sess oss. eek ee 503
Scotodeima......... se) UR eae 641, 643, 697
SCLIBOMUM aire neces ae se Seta coee 701
MIGEO LLM pyc ener 639, 641, 697, 701
NCULellaerealG Dans Wise see ote er ae eee 528
DCWLOMENUCK= seers ose oe ome Sen eo ener a cevae 614
TATUM aaa eee ee eee ane 614
peuLophacustersas see eeeeee see 614
RISIDCISb dooceee ree ae Pens sae oes ee ee 609
Gea dinipilisteseccan see jacee re ee eee 609
SanDOnM essere ceescess ee eee Sper 609
Selma, Dallas County, Alabama. On a
Newly found Meteorite from, by George
Pee Merrill) Seeccmcn cs Reema a oe siete aree sate 59
764 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Seriola quinqueradiata..............----.-- 494 | Spheroides alboplumbeus.............--..-- 503
Gerrameldlcs setts ek et oes eee Be ee 495 | Sporadipus (Acolpos) maculatus. .........- 662
Shells from Mexico. Two New Land, by Squirrels of Sumatra, with Descriptions of
IOEMOIL BNA = oo Songaganonodaeesercucae 119 Two New Species. Remarks on the
Siderastre savignyana ..................-.- 260 | Giant, by Marcus Ward Lyon, jr....-.--- 439
Siderastreatern pean caer (heen ees 269 Starks, Edwin Chapin, and David Starr
savignyana...... ts eae ee 260 Jordan. List of Fishes Recorded
Sigamideemes + eet ee ce eae cee eee eee 502 | from Okinawa or the Riu Kiu
SifanlUshvinpallsseee sees eee eee eee Pe 502m islands ‘ot Japaneses eeeeeeeee 491
Sigaretus perrini.........-.--- Se EPs. 525,532 | Note on Otohime, a New Genus of
Siliceous Sandstone. On a Peculiar Form | GuInards2eic cee nce eee eee 131
of Metamorphism in, by George P. Merrill. 547 | Notes on Fishes from the Island of
Siteroptest= cis koe ener ee een eee aa see 615 | Santa Catalina, Southern Cali-
Games as ese eec coe sees eeeee 615 | NOPBONE SS o aoe nc sonasausnnascceeSese 67
Skull of Brachauchenius, with Observations Starksia cremnobates.........-..-- ee 74
on the Relationships of the Plesiosaurs, hold eric sho. eee eee eens eee 73
bys Sammie awe Wallist onmeersaeeseseeeeeee Al], \@SUCLANASDIS yygocce a ese ee ee eee renee aes 601
Simian see ae eee eee eee eee ee 600 @TLeNUnrOld CSeaees= oe eae eee 601
BUStTAl See per 4 eee ee ne nee 600) || Stegomyia calopus= sc. ---e ee eee eee 125,128
(Occidental sae nee eaneee re aeee GOOF pS telwoxyS)recis-ce cee eee aes eee eee 404
Snails of the Genus Vivipara. The Philip- bilinea ta cer =as-eeeeecsscseeeeeeee 379
pine Pond, by Paul Bartsch........-.---- 135 | borealis so see cee eee 409
Snyder, John Otterbein. A Review of the herman saeco eas eee 381
Mullide, Surmullets, or Goatfishes of the melanopleurd==ss= se eece eee 399
ShoresiofJapalleeer nese tees aeeese eee 87 pallidipalpuseassees-e=-eese—ee 408, 409
Solenastrea forskalana..............-..---- 255 trilineata 22.2552. a-2 eee 406, 409
Solenastreadorskalianaessess.5-5-eseese eres 253 | Stejneger, Leonhard. A New Gerrhonotine
Somaliland, East Africa, Collected by Dr. Lizard from Costa
Charles Gravier. Some Madreporarian Ricaweeee=--reee 505
Corals from French, by T. Wayland A New Salamander
NVA fod lh oleae ent Ae eR ARSE OR OCS Ar 249 from Nicaragua... 465
Some Madreporarian Corals from French Stethojulis psacas...-.--..--.--------++---- 500
Somaliland, East Africa, Collected by Dr. strigiventer: 2.402225. s52eaeeee 500
Charles Gravier, by T. Wayland Vaughan. 249 | Stichopus...................--.------- 640, 643, 675
Sonbusmucupanidmeseerssecester rae aeeeeene 18 chloron0tos=-sss=s5-—s= ees 40, 642, 675
Southern California. New and Character- podefiro yee seep ease ee 678
istic Species of Fossil Mollusks from the IO GRC TS eter ieee ee eee 678
Oil-bearing Tertiary Formations of, by (Perideris) chloronotos........-- 675
RalpheArn olde se epee aa: eae see veer 525 trOpicalisseeseee= ase eee= 637, 640, 642, 676
Sparusienythrourusessss seeeeeeer eee eee 246 | Stickleback Fish from Nevada. A New
Species and One New Genus of Birds from - | Fossil; by Oliver PolHiayass- 522-22: 2e- ee 271
Eastern Asia and the Aleutian Islands. | «BEISMBUS 05-0 seme ace oe eee eee 599
Eighteen New, by Austin IH. Clark......- 467 floridanus= sos S-55-5 eee 599
Species of Fossil Mollusks from the Oil- | PSU OER om noonccesoe coe a se sacescsecencnesec 339
bearing Tertiary Formations of Southern amMeniCanUs © oe erree ee eees eee 341,348
California, New and Characteristic, by ateloploides=+ 3. --ces-encce ates 350
alphArrno] diseases eee eee ee wre 525 bruneri .;..o2.-ceetaee ser esata ee 343
Species of Moths of the Family Cochlidiide. Craginin ds. asilssiasecwes eset eece ae 341
Descriptions of New, by Harrison G. Dyar. 565 erandis\j.s252 sass see sees eee 347
Species of Ordovician Fossils from China. Var iNSignis..: 222 --.9--— == 349
Descriptions of New, by Stuart Weller... 557 ald emai eee eee == aaa eee eee 341
Species. On a Collection of Crinoids of the MINUCUSS = sens eeeee eee 344
Genus Eudiocrinus from Japan, with De- Nigromargin gis. eees ee 346
scription of a New, by Austin H. Clark.. 569 var. griseis __..... 347
Specimen of Typical Burchell’s Zebra in the SCud deril.as-5- eee eerie 344
United States National Museum, by Mar- Ste VenSONIEs seeeeeee ae eres 336, 344
CUSaWianGd lyOnth as sacs scence aes 1 | Stisostedion: vitreum: =-5-e24-5-s-6-2-- 5 eee 412
Spelerpes'collarisix:2.. 2. --ris5-4-esese sone ee 465 Strophidon brummeri SOS eh cee sea eee 493
Sperchon's204% s-eaccem-eacee koe eee 603 | Strueture of the Hendersonville, North
Plan gulosuSee cee eres eee 603 Carolina Meteorite. Notes on the Com-
DATING bUSee ess -e-Ros nee eee 603 position and, by George P. Merrill..--.---- 79
Cenuipalpisee nan. see eee eee 603" | Sty gobromus) vitreus=-2--s-eessss secs e— 49
Spheeroniscus portoricensis........-.------- A4Q i iSityeonec testes seen see eee see eee 26,51
Sphermadillo........: ENS Re AS oe orn Pt 447 Hagellatuseees-s- eee eee eee 51, 53
SCH WatZie e-em cesses Ag7A4Q) | Sty liters ae cieeelas ale ante ete eee ae 554
INDEX. 166
Page. | Page.
Sumatra, with Descriptions of Two New ER Olimar cl 62 Sees none eee nae 527
Species. Remarks on the Giant Squirrels
of, by Marcus Ward Lyon, jr.............. 439
Summary of Results of Measurements of the
Cramigl@ Oss Sasa anceerce a eaeecee coe 208
Surmullets, or Goatfishes of the Shores of
Japan. A Review of the Mullide. by John
‘Ojttenbeintsny dene sees a ssee ae ae = eee oe &7
Siymallactinee ts se ee cm eee ase eee 640, 643, 679
Syl a pitas see ee ee <2 SN A SS rate (PST PAE
ADDY SSICOlA-2e 58 a cee cesses ees 727
DESeli Ae Fee ee ey. SPE AS ee 718
GOreVan aaa sso ase ee Bees 718
TOGEMROV ee aa aa eee ees 721
MACUIA THs.» ~seeeee a eens oe 718, 725
MALO OSAe see eee noes eee aaa 718
G8 OS Bree ee eee rlce pee a ae eae 718
USLOYS) ee be ey ee ee eee 719
NOTAUCH hee cee ere mca es aos 726, 727
Symaipbidvoresseect \saos: oe ee ioc 641, 644, 717
Sivan ajo Wn ae Sete ees te eee eps eer er oe 717
Synaptomys cooperi stonei.-.........-...-..- 460
(SWlaeey OLDIE Spe ban eset eae 641,644, 717
Kkefersteinilia-- asses sao eeee 641,642,719
NAINA 02) CE ne pee ere See oe eae iat 717
SyNaEMACilOS j=. alana serosa Sonate 449
SIViaWea ae HOWL ome gee rie tecn eee nes eee 493
SH MVOXOIGia (AKG Pes A As On ae AR eee ee 492,513
Synodontide of the Waters of Japan. A
Review of the Lizard-fishes or, by David
Starr Jordan and Albert Christian Herre... 513
POL OCU S eters tes steers atohes =) a, aiclars Seep rcts aire ce 516
J ADOMICU SMR eee ete te Se, 492, 516
INV OP Se eames sence eee ce Se ec ae 514
SEN UTD Lee ee erences eee oye ec laic ee 517
SVM O GUS easer areas a eee aoe 517
WAG P Ab US se oe pek aoe ee eee ee 517
VEG Sian pe eee ees oe Ay es 517
Syuin gop Wise aso siaae ae oe he ees to we oe 597
bipectinatuses-s2 sees 597 |
SYRIN UM aI COs ae te eee ee ie ese = 471
LUSCESCEN SHR cee anne ete 472
those Bee obs DEAS See Gaon ached soeee 471
Unglen Sciameerrn em. yee ha: eee 471
hond Oc¢nSese esas saaeeeee 472
VCO MON. oo eseconuae- 471
BRETT OP Vin S meee ese eee ee se eee 641, 644,735
COMORGH Ss cas tein taeeerasae ae 735
Me Shs Ghia US ees eee ee ree nee eee 458
Managoenathusens ewe atercsaass tees oe 601
SDINLPCS saeae cea asec as 601
iRapesiCenennimn aac ae aN ssee eee ee eee ee 527
Marsonemid ces. tases ee at ape eee nee 615
MAT SOUEMIS yee ee eee cee eee. eee 615
Pallidtist ears see see coe 615 |
Tassin,Wirt. Notesonthe Composition and
Structure of the Hendersonville, North
Carolina, Meteorite, with Chemical Anal-
VSCS MD Yiosien tees Meee e ee ema nct see eats 79
On the Meteorite from Rich Mountain, Jack-
son County, North Carolina, with Chem-
icalVAM al VSeSHD year P ce neato tance 241
Ab pale hohe qb ae aacreat aces MeCae AEE Eee ae 463 |
MezCOCTANUS secey4-m. 4 ese niece eee eee 613
TeimellaGiismaersn a ae ee 613
Megudai(Zoblin-=poOrey.)ee ee oe a ee ee 237
Ten-spined Sticklebacks or Pygosteus from
East Asia. A Review of the Species of the,
Diy COMB Ore esc se meine oe oe es ye 451
ee enulpalp sae se saat es ee eee ee 599
Caliionnicusteee sree septa a 599
Me DH TIGISeeeemr eae Sate eae eae eee 239
Tephritis Giinther. -A Review of the Fishes
of the Family Histiopteride, found in the
Waters of Japan; with a Note on, by
Davide StanrOrg alm see eee ae eee 235
INGA H OIA! IPG so Soe ae coe oacescopucuseses- 495
Terebratalia occidentalis...............-. 527, 534
Sind Wal ee se pease sese ae aes 527
CTan'S VTS dae seee eee eee eee 534
Terrestrial Isopod from Guatemala, the
Type of a New Genus. A New, by Har-
TCU ERNCH and SON es eee eee sone AA,
Tertiary Formations of Southern California.
New and Characteristic Species of Fossil
Mollusks from the Oil-bearing, by Ralph
U9 00) (6 lees eR Pree ac Se REG eee ae ee 525
Metranarcewoccidentaliss..----- ss en 4-2 ee 275
Me GramiyGhi d corse <6 fo ees ee oe 598
Welhetrany Chis ieresee .celeee me 2 re ae aed 598
SCOTS sn 5 saree eset eee 598
DIC OLO TAs tee eee et eee 598
Dima culatusseere se oe eee 598
desertorum=.+.-.--2 4.02 Seer 598
SlOVEDI Crate a eeaaee eee ys 598
PTACIIPCSE ag ese see 598
MOGESGUSP eee cesses tee eee 598
miybilaspidise oe eae season oe 598
SORIA CUIEtUS seca eee eee 598
belamiu step eee ye sete Pye 598
CUMICUSee eee eee ee 598
Ver beSin Oey co sae at Se 598
WiTLGLSU RE eA Rees eee 599
SV LG See eee ce ee ees ae oe 599
Metraodonwhispiduss2=ssssens 2 eee oe see 503
IMCLCALTIS ten ee e eee yt ee 503
Metraod ontidce see sae ee eee eee 503
Metrapturusmitsukunilee es -2 eee e ee 71
Rewthisiareenteusseeeces = see eee eee 502
bIPUNCTACUSH es ere eee eee ee 502
PUNTO soe cee: nae ee eee 502
EHIOST CRUSE aa te ae eo eee 501
sihalassarachne essere 44 eee eee 606
VOLT ieee nea: eee 606
Mhalassomeandorsaler---e ss ass see ae ee - 500
iWteSCenSieeas ees ee 500
Thamnotrizon purpurascens... -.-....-.--.- 353
SCapTICOMISsa see eee eee eee 363
iGEUUNCaTIS sae eee eee 405, 406
PH CCUTUSs <= poeta = aac ae ease eee 576, 578, 582
SUIMBUT ECS aes joes ee mace = 582, 583, 584
Three cerebral fosse considered together... 198
Mhujaroccidentaliseseecs5 se secsee ee ee 23
AV aS eer este ea eacaee ens. see ee eee 601
DEC UNCU) Bhaetee = esse eee 601
SUOMI Ac seme ee ae SS NO eee 601
MEY oOnidiimeses ees sep se eee ee 641, 644, 711
Pilooaialigueoe & Ses eeelese 641, 712, 713
dintimimron diet see eee 711
hswallense® + 24-222 262225 see 641, 712
MhivTeOno LISICOrSICUS== ster ase oe 327
766 INDEX.
Page. | Page.
Phy TreonotuUsieraginil = saeessee=- eee 341 | Two New Crinoids from the North Pacific
Gorsalliguy ease eee eee 21 | Ocean by2Atistinwkls Clarks eee oe 507
Pachiyamentis ase eee ne eee 323 Two New Land Shells from Mexico, by Paul
Scudder 2. recess moe 344| Bartsch s:S2o sy. eee ube eee ae 119
MMedemanni tees ese esse eee ee ee 718 | Two New Species. Remarks on the Giant
Tinea tascipunctellases eee eeee sees eeeee eee 24 | Squirrels cf Sumatra, with Descriptions
coed antellla i: ma saee ee ee eee 12) |) (of, by; MarcusiwWard iy on re sane 439
Mirus oon yew ace ee Ure eee te eee 516) |) Dy deus 22253 oeos san ence seat eee nee BOG
TSBs Se eh = ees eee ee ee eee eee 467 PIOVELI as se see eae acter 596
VaUri a DIS at aye seer Ore sae heer 468:.| Dylosaurus = 52 e225. 8 2. con cee ey ee 484
Torpedo. Notes on Calyptrobothrium, a | Type of the Jurassic Reptile Morosaurus
Cestode Genus found in the, by Edwin | Agilis Redescribed, with a Note on Camp-
Sin GON Aes See eee ee ne eee ee 275 tosaurus, by Charles W. Gilmore......... 151
ihrachinocephalusyasses ss eee sae eee 514 | Typical Burchell’s Zebra in the United
MY ODSitheces eee eee 514 States National Museum. soe. j-ecs- sess oe =o 99 surigensis........ 139
ere Ml aes sea eeyetara tele tere sie jeie, srs 100 | tubayensis........ 138
GRITHSCLLUTISS see eee oe eee SOMt eVUlpesHUlVUSs 2-05 -2e-sean sees see ee 462
VIG RUUS ero cmis Bee tiejoctajote epee. < steiere 101 Waters of Japan. A Review of the Fishes
WRIPIENSISS json tater lao sa ee 94 | of the Family Gerridz found in the, by
Wiremoteenian aby Ot sess. sees eee see ea 128 Davide Svan Orda. =e eee sneer 245
Wino podamers- nce cere ee hoes coe s Moe. 5 611 | Waters of Japan. .+.cs-sssse +s <2 ss 493 | Weckel, Ada L. The Fresh-Water Amphi-
WissuTiavlepbocephalaes.s.as2sescs5 Sacco 435 pods ofsNorbl: Americas. 22-2255 522s ene 25
\WinleyavenyotatehsaaWb bei jee ae AeA ososeeesae 503 | Weller, Stuart. Descriptions of New Spe-
UTM PY OUS SOL CINUS ears esate se selec eee 107,108 cies of Ordovician Fossils from China.... 557
Vaughan, T. Wayland. Some Madreporar- West Coast of America. A New Mollusk of
ian Corals from French Somaliland, East | the Genus Macromphalina from the, by
Africa, Collected by Dr. Charles Gravier.. 249} ‘Paul Bartsch ..................-.--..ce--s 233
WielitrAC ba eet | eet oee cere wee entes ee 239 | West Coast of America. New Mollusks of
SINGHSISEMet-e HERR eae cae 239 the Family Vitrinellidee from the, by Paul
IWeTIUSPEEUGN DISS sae ae = eine sone oe eines ae = 526 aintsehi eee me acries ees se reece eee 167
Vespertilio americanus vulgaris.......... 103,108 | Williams, Henry Shaler. A New Brachio-
TUSCUS See 5h ee ee ee 464 pod, Rensselaeria mainensis, from the
DEESDICU Vu Sees sees oe 103, 108 DevonianvouNMaineeeacecmeecs- sete cs secs 267
WAI SOMMUIDRAINDLC OR sates eee ates ce Noack Wes 566 | Williston, Samuel W. The Skull of Brach-
\WWittriat a2) pc lee te ca rg ee 169 auchenius, with Observations on the Re-
BIBI GN Clee Sige ge asesempeneseer 168 lationships of the Plesiosaurs............ 477
(Docomphala) berryi......--..-- 170 | Wilson, Charles Branch. Additional Notes
SUCHTMSIC 2 e522 169 onthe Development of the Argulide, with
Eghimagril: Sache ce toeee se ne een ee 168 | Description of a New Species. ...........-. 411
Gldiro yds seat een eee 167 | Worms of the Genus Myzostoma, New Ma-
SUCATNSIse sae cease ee scot 171g Peering iby, de ha Me@lend oneesn sn aseeeeeeeee 63
Vitrinellide from the West Coast of Amer- Ephias PlAdiussss- eae eeee een eceeeeeeees 71
ica. New Mollusks of the Family, by Paul >. Gho) cts Paa Seed Se Senna Sone eee ACHaCe Cees 71
DEUS C Mss eae eb ase oe arc scciotc tems UB TeX y Shee B22 Som. sei cclecicinnicse ceerce seee eee 246
Mivipararangularisies. oso. eee so 135, 136, 137 CIMereuMe ewes cee ceeeeset ees ee ee 499
burroughiana..........- 136 erythrourum-:-.2-..2-2 246, 248, 499, 500
philippinensis.......... 137 | PD OMI CUM eee ee a ee ceee ne saer 247
DULAC SS see smear eee ee 140 OV CHO [te wicetecieecte i=in eee selene siete 246
Carin giterpeeccen cence ase e ose TALIM MEXSVSCONOLUS Sci: nlec econ eas eaeeiee coon 602
CUM P TE Says aetetecerfaremicisterci tee Scie 142 | BSPCR ee x oe wis naein cicleeseeeeseeaie 602
PUlliaMais Sa ajo sete ss aeemcene Secee ASP LCYClOPtOLAer a1 = cine tos saiccioicse ee oeaceeee 308
NAM Syl ate eepe tle. Oana meee cece sse 137 | Bbripenniss < jyceseeiececeese se 309
NAKA ONIS revere ceiee ne fe So eee as oe SMe ZAM CUSTIMS Soe eacloe mt eiseeeesaceionstee cess 236
IMPINGE SISter aeeeee ea aac eee 1485 Za pus MUGSONIMIS sae sere seem eee sane eee 461
MCATN SI Crees ee tects See eee aoe 142 | Zebra in the United States National Mu-
misamisensis. -... See se 143 seum, A Specimen of Typical Burchell’s,
LOTTA CR ET GTS 1S ee meee ay ore ere oa 139 by Mareus Ward! Lyon; jr. -----..2------- 1
bagangensis......... 140N |e Zebrasoma Havescenss 2-52. .o4----eeeeee ae 502
par odulaesseene cee Reece Naemce LAA |, COMOUTICNIA = sere sae oe a Find
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