A eae q » A) VW > Lee hed Vee Vwi ‘ ait \) saute set a F Me 5 rs oh, De eas ‘ i nyihw itaare as aes ye ni sine : at 4 ae rm) hi : 1 i a a a rave t ? i Ws tly awit fate) A tt it 41 49) ahaa eh OB} t aby htt ih > He 4 i aaa aig ‘ ‘ AORN MME RR IC I ee , ff nee igh \ taieuiae +hebe aa 4 “a4 4 Aha yiylata aatactew eg ash aaa PE KE RAs thi Pere ie So CIGD M Te TERN h Par ' ya 4) ia 4 atl ‘ Ve yy oboe 1s ATR Ben Sy Mee oath Mg . a Lael pee A Lata eg Wa Ri ea \ Vy “ alae ee othe paent Wedd at “4 Tae tee a ee a4 ies ba) a stately laa aly ralete giana tiie AA a4 LA a ? * Seariee SG hte Hee ¥ io , wks Lcnattatain ial 44s “oh areas a SAA ENR IW a any Pan ary Apes a CN te a Pane Ys hale 1s i 7 SAN, rat Pie A Da) Balai ieea amt erat at VE ae Mea in weit) Stearn ack 4 taeda) aati ta a Lite bans tet 4 | a ae fa enue Cia Yee \t ia niet ascents aA 7 * Ay 4 hry a aux "he ) a ny ie ast 4 c ‘ Y : A, site ? is ween ye Ba hes Mahe aid Teen! aged sie aed tS “aa ihe aiden aa j ‘ rf rte Sidaras dan ed GALE} ea sided 49 (alitalate a a 4c4'eos Let i oy 4 OW Vie f eh) uN y 5 ao ose Sea Re \ Me : ea aha cist hy “ Aes ‘ara ve) bh aCe a ah) y Oe) ‘ Paty / ‘ a , Talay aX nt nf ate] Hels : ean i Pane) Haat Manca a 4 lies a CoM v4 i Le anki ‘i qe) fella Wale } wy a, Mil + ty 4 Hy State 0.9 you + Bene Ae} APE yay Pe, 1 Aig if wy) AM % yA ny WA cy ) 4 ae ‘ We seh Mead wale aM i i LM waie aN eth) ‘th wa eh ean us 44K en Ms male A Wate ‘ i SUNY, Wyre ich DT No UN A ‘ a WA a fae r yy. Wi SOT OO a *) : | NENG ee ASA it AS ea ha Noaptea { OMI HAN aha ae eu A na salar ‘ A 4 ; ‘ ; Mate ay ( 144 ¢ AN Wik iy Be bn Ns i View te h ce yh } ite eat . f if eA ‘4: Ha alee exit Le Mea fe NAN a) ait niet ¥ ‘heh a ; 6 sanancat nt saic4 ¢ enh a ya wnne “wh elbuieeiyyenig Wea shh Aihara i 2 Aaa a Te ECM TU ea OA rsvaiwil ANAC Nah oh ¥ ORE R are Ans Yas 4 et el het ct i PORTER Ay Mh H Ayia) LC OY vy pe NUE Me ihe 14 fe AS. his ao hobs : + 7 if TET wv og aro (he YS ea ec) i) - A} “f ’ tahoe we ; ene sit V6) C9 ; aes WN IIE cata i 44th ON ira sabe ACG Ht 9 89. Hott 4 Wy Sts 7 aah DIDO Pat fae hey 4h a at = oy ea oe Meh rich tt id ‘ ‘ we Hoty Ath hy Hae athe ‘hs PA eat tie' ie i. . i a cei a 4nd wit WAH ae : a f) ogden OR ‘ aii HAW ht ot HA HA a a Ne ea) A SERVE Lon) Tana wile Se be US AY Kt ‘ i a aan wae Goat a oeanik iss Ws ari Net i nt Me wi (eis et Be AS 0 ot - Hore Vhs p 9047 ea aa} We MM ok ee } ast ha ‘ Ce “ at) i ehh aM a soa Mi Ccne i NN aoe CROKE en eC tk Doane Ne Aad a Ae iy a 4 bey rete nT Mh 5) Eat ay, be it he ie Bake bait iia ae Of > Nya wat Ny 4 4% ji ls yes eye a, ‘i a oo HO Say HN vA Bey ¥4i), ty sak 44 ab eed he ih a wa Pe “ tt oh Ba ee 3) ai Heat Meaarad ‘4 WW ie te row es “ Prd} oe vist Ute nee y \, iM Pen Apt i ;s hike i ant a a ie Bel ant Ha KAWE ie New i ea F 4 iy Va ere w | mi cA, ‘ ey an ey uy Vy! eal shal ‘ at ey RA pat ‘ "a Biel hay La Pa Mahi aw HS ae cS aii alia can han Wad aA A cad A i SMa ae cae Sires fg Va oh v SN ANY 4a Wie ‘ ' : Xi 4 ; Waa Wits FAN Meter mn ieee : yh gat ty Dh vi co “ a ANG Pa yl aks Gs wa ¢ FMEA RMR le) 4 nk oth rhe a Be Rb ann Hs 8s oun } RICTLIE MOA sth DAN USL AN ‘ yan v4 an ws ht Ks SA! Wiis . eh th ieee (i Ni y ‘i 4 ni ith Nin i brat i) . ti SA St its i) i i SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 40 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of ae series—Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the importance of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited edition of each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of the volume. The present volume is the fortieth of this series. The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of more elaborate papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the ‘‘Special Bulletin,” has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed indispensable. Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as ‘‘Contributions from the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the botan- ical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. RicHArD RATHBUN, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, In charge of the United States National Museum. AveusT 8, 1911. It LA BEw, OFSCONTEIN TS, ANNANDALE, NELson. Fresh-water Sponges in the collec- tion of the United States National Museum—Part V. A new genus proposed, with Heteromeyenia radiospiculata Mills as type-—No. 1839. May 26, 191%" _____-__--.2 New genus: Asteromeyenia. Bartscu, Paut. New Mollusks of the genus Aclis from the North Atlantic —No. 1829: .May 18, 19111__._.---._- New species: Aclis dalli, A. cubana, A. rush, A. fioridana, A. ver- rll, A. carolinensis. . The recent and fossil Mollusks of the genus Bit- tium from the west coast of America.—No. 1826. May 2 LO the Soya pe OS ge ee eR ‘New species: Bittiuum (Bittium) panamense, B. (B.) johnstonx, B. (Semibiitium) subplanatum, B. (S.) nicholsn, * (Lirobittium) orna- tissimum, B. (L.) cerralvoense, B. (Semibittium) larum, Bittium oldroydx, B. fetellum, B. giganteum, B. casmaliense, B. arnoldi, B. mexicanum. New subspecies: Bittiwm (Semibittium) attenuatum boreale, B. (S.) attenuatum latifilosum, B. (Lirobittiwm) catalinense inornatum, B. (L.) munitum munitoide, B. (L.) asperum lomaense. The recent and fossil Mollusks of the genus Cerith- iopsis from the west coast of America.—No. 1823. May Sy LOU a ae ne bie CPG hs wey epepeea aero. New species: Cerithiopsis (Corithiopsis) \jatua, Cs (Cironys: °C. (GS) carpenteri, C. (C.) abreojosensis, C. (C.) berryi, C. (C.) galapagensis, C. (C.) cesta, C. (C.) halia, C. (C.) aurea, C. (Cerithiopsina) necro- politana, C. (C.) adamsi, C. (Cerithiopsida) diegensis, C. (C.) row- elli, C. (Cerithiopsidella) antefilosa, C. (C.) alcima, C. curtata, C. fossilis, C. gloriosa, C. paramoea, C. bicolor, C. arnoldi, C. magel- lanica, C. antemunda, C. diomedex, C. montereyensis. New subspecies: Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) stejnegeri dina. See under Dati, Witt1aAmM HmaLey-_--__-_-__-_-:- Bran, Barton A., and Atrrep C. Weep. An electric Ray and its young from the west coast of Florida.—-No. 1816. Joos S:, TOI POW RRS se ene ——. Notes on the genus Lepomis.—No. 1824. May 6, ene ah enn OMEE en ene e ee eta cy cl te as Lalit Page, 593-594 435-438 383-414 327-367 277-288 231-232 369-376 1 Date of publication. Ill ea TABLE OF CONTENTS. Berry, Epwarp W. A revision of several genera of gym- nospermous Plants from the Potomac group in Maryland and Virginia.—No. 1821, -May 8,911 22 ee oe New combination: Abietites longifolius. Berry, 8S. Srirtman. Preliminary notices of some new Pacific Cephalopods.—No. 1838. May 31, 19111_____-_- New species: Cirroteuthis macrope, Eledonella heathi, Polypus cali- fornicus, P. leioderma, Rossia pacifica, Loligo opalescens, Galiteuthis phyllura. Buscx, Aueusr. Descriptions of tineoid Moths (Micro- lepidoptera) from South America.—No. 1815. April 13, Mb She ah i Nh eae a Oe Ir bt IN RUN Screg a New genera: Filinota, Hasta, Gonada, Ordupia, Plumana. New species: Pleurota literatella, Psoricoplera apicepuncta, Filinota hermosella, F. peruviella, Peleopoda maroniella, P. notandella, P. irenella, Hasta argentidorsella, Gonada falculinella, Cryptolechia roseomarginella, Stenoma major, S. io, S. acronitis, S. mendoron, S. nestes, S. trastices, S. apicalis, S. lactis, S. fasciatum, S. venatum, S. gunni, S.comma, S. speratum, 8. salome, S. inscitum, S. thoristes, S. maroni, S. vanis, S.,addon, S. phebe, S. similis, S. demas, S. hamon, Gonioterma rosa, G. anna, G. stella, G. inga, G. emma, G. vita, Olethreutes gerda, Tortrix auriferana, T. parana, Ordupia friserella, Tinea boliviana, Plumana piperatella. Criarxk, Austin Hopart. The recent Crinoids of the coasts of Africa===No: 1808: “March 15, ehGilet: Samer wee New species: Necomatella, Commissia ignota, Amphimetra africana, Craspedometra ater, C. madagascarensis, Heterometra joubini, H. gravieri, Colobometra chadwicki, Decametra mébiusi, D. modica, D. alaudx, Tropiometra encrinus, Cosmiometra gardineri, Iridometra mauritiana, I. egyptica, Perometra afra. New variety: Oligometra serripinna, var. occidentalis. The systematic position of the Crinoid genus Marsupites.—No. 1845. June 24, 1911*__._...-._..--- CockERELL, T. D. A. Bees in the collection of the United States National Museum. 2.—No. 1818. April 11, MOV ee 2 See ae Ee | New species: Halictus nikkoensis, Andrena precociformis, A. rup- shuensis, Coelioxys siamensis, Stelis lowise, Proanthidium kash- garense, Megachile pamirensis, M. ladacensis, M. rupshuensis, Dasypoda japonica, Teiralonia mitsukurii, Anthophora eversa, A. hilgendorfi, A. venerabilis, A. robbi, A. retusiformis, A. melan- ognatha. New subgenus: Coelioxys (Liothyrpis) apicata. New subspecies: Megachile sayi paludicola, Anthophora zonata buruensis. New variety: Anthidium philorum, var. abbotti. 1 Date of publication. Page. 289-318 589-592 205-230 1-51 649-654 241-264 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Coox, O. F. New tropical Millipeds of the order Merocheta, with an example of kinetic evolution.—No. 1831. May SLL, TGS Ae ie Ul AS ct at Fake hg a New genera: Jomus, Chatelainea, Apomus. New species: Jomus incisus, I. platanus, I. obliquus, Chatelainea pterodesmoides, Peridontodesmus purulicus. New family: Chatelaineide. Notes on the distribution of Millipeds in southern: Texas, with descriptions of new genera and species from Texas, Arizona, Mexico, and Costa Rica.—No. 1810. Je Oia TUG) 5) Sl SS Wie tf a a oN New genera: Hurelus, Centrelus, Anelus, Glosselus. New species: Eurelus soleatus, Centrelus falcatus, Onychelus hospes, O. dentatus, O. suturatus, Anelus reduncus, Glosselus musarum. The hothouse Milliped as a new genus.—No. 1842. meC ION te a = le New genus: Oxidus. New species: Orthomorpha pococki. CrawrorpD, J.C. Descriptions of new Hymenoptera. 2.— INC STICR UD. VAN Teen Ue ee New species: Telenomus benefactor, T. kingi, T. gowdeyi, Torymus montserrati, Tanaostigmodes slossonex, T. tetartus, Habrocytus piercet, Zatropis deuterus, Pleurotropis telenomi, Horismenus ballowi, H. apantelivorus, H. cockerelli, Tetrastichus antiquensis, T. ovivorus, Sympiesis felti. Dati, WitiiAM HEALEY, and Paut Barrscu. New species of Shells from Bermuda.—No. 1820. May 8, 19113____. New species: Mitra haycocki, Columbella somersiana, Aclis bermu- densis, Turbonilla (Careliopsis) bermudensis, T. (Strioturbonilla) peilei, T. (S.) haycocki, Cerithiopsis movilla, C. ara, C. pesa, C. vicola, C. io, Fissuridea bermudensis, Odostomia (Chrysallida) nioba, Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) bermudensis. FisHer, Watter K. New genera of Starfishes from the Philippine Islands.—No. 1827. May 17, 19111________- New genera: Benthogenia, Anthosticte, Pontioceramus, Lithosoma, Atelorias, Hymenasterides. New species: Benthogenia cribellosa, Anthosticte aulophora, Pontio- ceramus grandis, Lithosoma actinometra, Atelorias anacanthus, Hymenasterides zenognathus. GOLDBERGER, JOSEPH. A new Trematode (Styphlodora bas- caniensis) with a blind Laurer’s canal.—No.1817. April (ALS TIT a he ee ea ee et a Page. 451-473 147-167 625-631 439-449 277-288 415-427 233-239 1 Date of publication. VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Ho.uister, N. Remarks on the long-tailed Shrews of the eastern United States, with description of a new species.— INGEAUIS25=. “April 7, VO ld aoe ae New species: Sorex fontinalis. Hoven, Watrer. The Hoffman Philip Abyssinian ethno- logical collection.—No. 1819. May 18, 19111______ Kenpati, W. C. Notes upon two rare Flatfishes (Gymna- chirus fasciatus Giinther and G. nudus Kaup).—No. 1814. 72%) 0) ig BE raat 59) ie Sl Va a Nag Soe gee caect lh al SNL Laney, Francis Baker. The relation of Bornite and Chal- cocite in the copper ores of the Virgilina district of North Carolina and Virginia.—No. 1835. May 31, 1911 1_____- Lyon, Marcus Warp, Jr. Mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on Borneo and some of the small adjacent islands.— No; 1800.5 “Ajoril 25 noite: so ae a New species: Tragulus sebucus, Muntiacus rubidus, Iomys lepidus, Sciurus armalis, S. pelapius, S. lamucotanus, S. datus, 8. siriensis, S. arendsis, S. poliopus, S. marinsularis, Ratufa cothurnata, R. griseicollis, R. vittata, R. vittatula, Epimys sebucus, E. crassus, E. nasutus, E. perflavus, E. saturatus, E. ubecus, E. spatulatus, Gale- opterus borneanus, G. lautensis, G. abbotti, Hipposideros insolens, Emballonura pusilla, Kerivoula bombifrons. New subspecies: E’pimys neglectus ducis, E. n. lamucotanus, Pyga- thrix rubicunda rubida, Hylobates miilleri albibarbis. MERRILL, GEorGE P. On the supposed origin of the-Molda- vites and like sporadic glasses from various sources.—No. 1833:. May Sie sO Uo. sad: oe ieee ts he ae Moopig, Roy L. Two Amphibians, one of them new, from the Carboniferous of Illinois—No. 1828. May 8, 1911 1- New species: Amphibamus thoracatus. OBERHOLSER, Harry C. A revision of the forms of the hairy Woodpecker (Dryobates villosus [Linnzus]).—No. 1840); Jumeid4 POUT oe ee New subspecies: Dryobates villosus leucothorectis, D. v. orius, D. v. icastus, D. v. enissomenus, D. v. hylobatus, D. v. fumeus. Pierce, W. Dwicutr. Notes on Insects of the order Strep- siptera, with descriptions of new species.—No. 1834. May 17, LOVWH Le LL a Ve. ied) ct a aed New genera: Belonogastechthrus Tachytixenos, Pentozoe. New species: Triozocera texana, Stylops andrenoides, S. asteridis, 8. mandibularis, S. nude, S. pilipedis, Halictoxenos nympheari, H.viri- dulx, Crawfordia labrosi, C. rudbeckix, Xenos aurifert, Belonogas- techthrus zavattarii, Pseudoxenos arvensidis, P. erynnidis, P. forami- nati, P. fundati, P. histrionis, P. pedestridis, P. robertsoni, P. tigridis, Tachytixenos indicus, Ewpathocera luctuosae, E. pictipenni- dis, EL. vulgaridis, Ophthalmochlus auripedis, Pentozoe peradeniya. New name: Diozoceride. Page. 377-381 265-276 201-208 513-524 53-146 481-486 429-433 595-621 487-511 TABLE OF CONTENTS. VII Page. RavcuirFe, Lewis. See under Smiru, HueH M-_-__----.-. 319-326 Ransom, Brayton Howarp. A new Cestode from an Afri- can Bustard.—No.: 1844. -June 24, 19117_____.______... .637-647 Ricuarpson, Harrintr. Description of a new species of Aga from the Atlantic coast of the United States.—No. Sm eran Lo Witenes Ole Oe New species: 4/ga ornata. Ricuarpson, Harriet. Descriptions of a new genus and species of Isopod crustacean of the family Idotheidx from the mouth of the Rio de la Plata, Argentina, South Amer- i¢ac— Now £8bis) April LOOM ee 2 oe ls 5. POOH RA New genus: Chiriscus. New species: Chiriscus australis. Descriptions of a new genus and species of Janiridee from the northwest Pacific.—No. 1843. June 7, 19111. 633-635 New genus: Jerella. New species: Jxrella armata. Ronwer, 8S. A. Descriptions of new species of Wasps with notes on described species.—No. 1837. May 26, 1911'.. 551-587 New genus: Gonostigmus. New species: Pterochilus seneconis, P. leucotenius, P. diversicolor, Pseudomasaris coquilletti, Priocnemis subconicus, Podium carolina, Stigmus conestogorum, S. aphidiperda, Gonostigmus typicus, Dio- dontus bidentatus, Passalecus melanocrus, Lindenius (Enoplo- lindenius) clypeatus, Crabro (Solenius) townsendi, C. (subgenus?) schwarzi, C. (Hoplocrabro) novanus, Thyreopus ( Thyreopus) venator, T. (Blepharipus) melanius, T. (Crossocerus) xanthognathus, Gorytes (Gorytes) neglectus, G. (Pseudoplisus) gyponacinus, G. (P.) venus- tiformis, G. (Hoplisus) helianthi, G. (Hoplisoides) knabi, Pison cressoni, Tachysphex helianthi, T. gillettei, T. coquilletti, T. argyro- trichus, T. johnsoni, T. opwanus, T. maurus, T. neomexicanus, T. fedorensis, T. bruesi, T. sphecodoides, T. leensis, T. wheeleri, Tachytes chrysocercus, T. xenoferus, Larropsis filicornis, L. por- tianus, Notogonia bella, Zoyphium rujfipes, Silaon mexicanus, Mis- cophinus nigriceps. New subgenus: Enoplolindenius. New subspecies: Stigmus inordinatus hubbardi, S. fraternus colora- densis. New varieties: Chlorion (Palmodes) rufiventris var. opuntix, Stigmus fulvipes var. coquilletti. SmirH, Hueu M:, and Lewis Rapvcuirre. Descriptions of three new Fishes of the family Chetodontide from the Philippine Islands.—No. 1822. April 17, 1911*..-...-- 319-826 New species: Chetodon argentatus, Heniochus singularius, Holacan- thus multifasciatus. 1 Date of publication. Vill TABLE OF CONTENTS. SNYDER, JOHN OTTERBEIN. Descriptions of new genera and species of Fishes from Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands:—No. 1836. . May 26,;1011" _ 2a 2s Sage: New genera: Jordanidia, Catalufa, Draculo. Newspecies: Microphis extensus, Corythroichthys quinquarius, Jordani- dia raptoria, Catalufa umbra, Pseudanthias venator, Platyinius amoe- nus, Pentapus formosulus, Nemipterus bathybius, Abudefduf rho- maleus, A. clarki, Lactophrys tritropis, Sebastodes tanakx, Cottus nozawe, Myoxocephalus yesoensis, Ocynectes modestus, Bero zanclus, Podothecus xysies, Lepidotrigla kishinouyi, Clariger exilis, Draculo mirabilis, Hippoglossoides katakure, Lepidopsetta mochigarei, Glyptocephalus sasx. Sranton, Trmorny W. Final supplement to the catalogue of the published writings of Charles Abiathar White. 1897—1908.—No. 1813. April 0; 191122 Sack es Dee Viereck, H. L. Descriptions of one new genus and eight new species of Ichneumon-flies—No. 1832. April 17, QMS? 2 oo See 2 Se Bes ee ee eee New genus: Cyanopteridea. New species: Apanteles (Apanteles) lacteicolor, Chelonus bipustulatus, Orgilus ashmeadi, Zele rosenbergi, Anilastus tricoloripes, Hyposoter disparis, Pimpla (Pimpla) porthetrix, Pimpla (Pimpla) disparis. New name: Campyloneurus bicolorinus. Descriptions of six new genera and thirty-one new species of Ichneumon-flies—No. 1812. April 17, 12 Ie aang eer he Det ath RI 4 3s LORE Mela as New genera: Cryptoxilos, Dolichozele, Platyspathius, Polystenidea, Stenopleura. New species: Apanteles (Dolichogenidea) banksi, A. (Protapanteles) africanus, A. (P.) bedellix, A. (P.) beneficus, A. (P.) chrysippi, A. (P.) cinctiformis, A. (P.) griffini, A. (Pseudapanteles) consimilis, A. (P.) etiellex, Chelonus knabi, Cryptoxilos dichromorphus, Diachasma crawfordi, Dixretus nipponensis, Dolichozele koebelei, Habrobracon beneficientior, Hormiopterus graciliformus, Macrocentrus (Amicrop- dus) crambworus, Microbracon howardi, Microplitis melianx, Platys- pathius pictipennis, Polystenidea parksi, P. metacomet, Anempheres diaphanix, Cremastus hymenix, Hyperallus calirox, Limneriwm (Campoletis) prodenix, Megarhyssa greenei, Mesochorus infernalis, M. nigrisignus, Phygadeuon (Bathymetis) patulus,P. (Daictes) fukan, P. ( Mastrus) neodiprioni. New subgenus: Dolichogenidea. New name: Mesochorus patulus. WEED, ALFRED C. See under Brean, Barton A-_-_--- Sh Page. 025-549 197-139 475-480 173-196 231-232 See under Bran, Barton A_____....-.-.-.---- 369-376 1 Date of publication. List OF [TLLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Facing page. lea SkcullsroibormeanimMumt| ACH hacece cis ose RIMS = cies aise elles se sree d 146 Beas erleron ms OrnOaMy MUN LACS ims c2 ssc le 2 ae acl len ayn oe asin GME oimye chelcin ep 146 BeeAaglerstorebormeamM min taesece seas de we ee oe od Sao bee Andee ek 146 APS iirrela er tAe WChuirUs PrevOstt PTOUP >. --<\-s2ne- 222s cee see ee sce seen LAG Gage Onneanyorane-Wtanen a. os ccna jade ceca nice ele cies s/s ania ahs Sen ele 146 Sap ciiitimate, Dormesn orany-Utan 2 -,2igo.c.4 de coe ok ee a le ees es cle ewe 146 FpeveimaLe Dornedt orane-ULan eco) 2 2). cli 2 = 25 SES Ae aoe eine ie cacinve oie 2 elses Seas ae 146 Se LineoiduMoina trom South Americn.: 2 4.I32- 0. ek os Soe c te aes ode oes OO. oe tanenid mo thsasrom SoutAmerica..: 5.520225 vce 2 be Sk we etc tees Hee eoo AO seAcumGrenmle of WVarcine brasvliensis..- <2. 52. oS ic ce aon wee ee ee 232 ee AOE IOL PN AT CLC OTGSURCNSIS a 22). 2e. So eae es Ree ae east wns coals 232 Pm Gnilodehatiindubaskeue oe eae AS cis 62 ote tds ae eee om Sts ete eye 276 ose OMhveremOuntedusinlel dics. “ccs! Se oa. Sees do Sere oe etn te ce eee meses 276 i aetieclesiasticaltcrowm OD IMuUler.--snoSsan6 2-2 2: ye oa cee on - Se es 276 15. Necklaces of charm boxes...........---- eee 2 items ae Serres 276 Home Neelkdacestoseharm Oxesysa2)5.. Seo Se 3 eee do nasaln ae Sale seas ee ees 276 Vie OUNATMEMLECECTOSBESE TR eae me oie aici eee oe Sere Siete Sra arti avee Siete ena eae 276 Remotlivieribracele tsatedee a> etou co Goats jalan tes anes wae erate Sk AS ean go Se 276 19. Tweezer case, scabbard mounts, and crutch ornaments.........-....--.--- 276 Lester norm sandrwO0d, Vessels. <2. Sencles 22/2 oes cc,.acetneis see sober. cs 276 PIM ie ste Arse Nes yearns Ae 2G ie ESM Se oie fiend ne ies = 276 eee bata tare onl Cloth 5k Satan co.cc sere Eo at ee RAC a SEE oaks 276 eT CON SeROM Bare sa cate ae ears oie Selenite 82 ee. ie ee Sree eh a oe 276 pas Portraitorwienclick and therqueen .: 222,502 Yon. 22 -< cis Be EEL ee 276 PaerbustomeulepaimtimeonjGloune-(.,. 52,212 -2ee ha c<.- 2k ae eRe =~ ee Se INE ic a ee en ae ee eee ae 376 AAD CDOMES RETOS © oi 1-2 Sete SA ethys e ia a eRe ae ete ee ee ae ee 376 ADEM ePOMNS NETOS .s 2s.si-a05 SA See ye eee AS OI Sc ewe ieee eat Say cee een ree 376 46. Lepomis gibbosus. Lepomis heros. Lepomis holbrookti.............------ 376 AT Genomis heros: Lepowis CuryOnuse se ok jee ae se eee ee a 376 AS. Lepomis aloulus: hepomis Gumieusee. 0: he fee = ets semen cers nen ee 376 AQP ie poms PAldUs vo. . 157 W.). No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 45 This species ranges northward to the Gulf of Gascony, and I have examined a specimen, apparently of this form, from Martinique, French West Indies. Depth.—578-1,165 meters. Specimens are recorded from as deep as 1,674 meters. II. STALKED CRINOIDS. Family PENTACRINITID. Genus ENDOXOCRINUS A. H. Clark. ENDOXOCRINUS WYVILLETHOMSONI (Wyville Thomson). Pentacrinus wyville-thomsoni Jerrrtes, Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 19, 1870, p. 157 (nomen nudum); Report Brit. Ass. for 1870, 1871, p. 119 (nomen nudum).— WyvitLe THomson, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 7, 1872, p. 767.—P. H. CARPENTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 11, Zoology, 1884, p. 313, pl. 17, figs. 2-6; pl. 18; pl. 24; pl. 57, fig. 1.—FitHo1, La vie au fond des mers, 1885, pl. 2, opposite p. 10; pl. 5 (colored), opposite p. 160; p. 210; p. 212; fig. 66, I, p. 211.—Prrrier, Nouv. arch. du mus. d’hist. nat. (2), vol. 9, 1886, p. 145; Explorations sous-marines, 1886, p. 272.—P. H. CARPENTER, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 24, 1892, p. 64.—ALBERT, PRINCE DE Monaco, Comptes rendus, vol. 126, 1899, p. 313.—Ricuarp, Les campagnes scien- tifique de S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco, 1900, p. 78.—RicHarD, Bull. soc. zool. France, vol. 27, 1902, p. 84.—ALBERT, PRINCE DE Monaco, Comptes rendus, vol. 134, 1902, p. 963; vol. 140% 1905, p. 1373; Bull. mus. Monaco, 1905, No. 39, p. 1.—RicHarp, Bull. mus. Monaco, No. 41, 1905, p. 3.— Ke@uter, Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht, Princesse-Alice, 1909, p. 254, pl. 5, fig. 1 (colored). Pentacrinus Parratr, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 1883, 1884, p. 41. Pentacrines Parratr, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 1883, 1884, pp. 41, 47.—pE Fottn, Sous les mers, 1887, pp. 275, 276, 288. Endoxocrinus wyvillethomsoni A. H. Ctark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, 1908, p. 152. Pentacrinus (Endoxocrinus) wyville-thomsoni K@uuER and VANEy, Bull. du mus. @hist. nat., 1910, No. 1, p. 31. Localities.—Off the west coast of Morocco; off the coast of Morocco Gnees2e 40" N.= lone. 12°10’ B.; lat. 32° 31’ N.; Jong. 12° 08’ HW); off Cape Cantin, Morocco; Azores; Madeira, near Funchal and off Porto Santo Bay (lat. 32° 39’ 20’’ N.; long. 16° 40’ 55’’ W.); east of Hierro, Canaries (lat. 27° 41’ N.; long. 17° 53’ 45’” W.); off the southeast coast of Teneriffe, Canaries (lat. 28° 04’ N.; long. 16° 49’ 30’’ W.); Canary Islands; between the Canary and Cape Verde islands; south of the Canary Islands (lat. 25° 39’ N.; long. 18° 26’ W.); between Madeira and Mogador (lat. 32° 31’ N.; long. 12° 09’ W.). This species is found as far north as Rochefort dat. 45°159% 307" N.).! Depth.—1,330-1,917 meters. 1Bell has recorded it from Ferne Islands, off the coast of Northumberland. Probably he meant to say ‘‘Fayal,’”’ as it certainly does not occur anywhere in the British Channel. A similar error in his citation of the habitat of Antedon diibenii is ‘“‘ Bengal”’ instead of Brazil. 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. The extreme depth known for the species is 1,095 fathoms, at which depth it was originally dredged by the Porcupine. Family HYOCRINIDA. Genus GEPHYROCRINUS Keehler and Bather. GEPHYROCRINUS GRIMALDII Keehler and Bather. Hyocrinus ALBERT, PRincE DE Monaco, Comptes rendus, vol. 134, 1902, p. 963.—RicHarD, Bull. soc. zool. France, vol. 27, p. 84. Gephyrocrinus grimaldii, K@HueR and Batuer, Mém. soc. zool. France, vol. 15, 1902, p. 68.—ALBERT, PRINCE DE Monaco, Comptes rendus, vol. 142, 1906, p. 621.—Kq@u.ier, Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice, 1909, p. 256, pl. 1, fig. 12; pl. 32, figs. 1-9. Localities.—East of Hierro, Canaries (lat. 27° 41’ N.; long. 17° 53’ 45’’ W.); south of Funchal, Madeira (lat. 32° 32’ 30’’ N.; long. 17° 02’ We). Depth.—1,786-1,968 meters. Family BOURGUETICRINIDA. Genus BATHYCRINUS Wyville Thomson. BATHYCRINUS ALDRICHIANUS Wyville Thomson. e Bathycrinus aldrichianus Wyvitte THomson, The Atlantic, vol. 2, 1877, pp. 92-95 (86-87), fig. 23; Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 13 (1876), 1878, pp. 47-51, fig. 1.—A. H. Cuarx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, pp. 553, 554. Bathycrinus campbellianus P. H. CARPENTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 11, Zool- ogy, 1884, p. 238, pl. 7a, figs. 22, 23; pl. 8; fig. 15, p. 239. Locality.—Lat. 1° 47’ N.; long. 24° 26’ W. Depth.—1,850 fathoms. BATHYCRINUS GRACILIS Wyville Thomson. Bathycrinus gracilis WYVILLE THOMSON, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 7, 1872, p. 772.—\Kq@xHuer, Echinodermes provenent des campagnes du _ yacht Princesse-Alice, 1909, p. 254. Locality.—Between the Azores and Gibraltar (lat. 38° 54’ 55’’ N.; long. 21° 06’ 45’’—18’ 45’’ W.). This species is otherwise only known from the Bay of Biscay. Depth.—5,005 meters. The previous record of depth is 2,435 fathoms. BATHYCRINUS PERRIERI Kehler and Vaney. Bathycrinus perriert K@HLER and VANEY, Bull. du mus. d’hist. nat., 1910, No. 1, Os Ae tare MLE VAs 10)5 Ziff Locality.— Off Cape Ghir, Morocco (lat. 30° 03’ N.; long. 14° 02’ E.). Depth.—2,212 meters. No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. AT BATHYCRINUS RECUPERATUS (E. Perrier). Tlyocrinus recuperatus E. Perrier, Rey. scient., vol. 35, 30 mai 1885, p. 691.— P. H. Carpenter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), vol. 16, p. 108. Hyocrinus recuperatus E. Perrier, Rev. scient., vol. 35, 30 mai, 1885, p. 691.— P. H. Carpenter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), vol. 16, p. 108. Ilycrinus recuperatus E. PERRIER, Explorations sous-marines, 1886, p. 273, fig. 193; p. 341, fig. 242, No. 4. Bathycrinus recuperatus HAMANN, Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier- Reichs, 1907, p. 1574.—Kq@uter and Vaney, Bull. du mus. d’hist. nat., 1910, No. 1, p. 28, fig. 3, p. 29. Locality.—N ortheast of the Azores (lat. 44° 20’ N.; long. 19° 31’ W.) Depth.—4,255 meters. Genus RHIZOCRINUS M. Sars. RHIZOCRINUS PARFAITI (Perrier). Democrinus parfaiti PERRIER, Comptes rendus, vol. 96, 1883, No. 7, p. 450. Rhizocrinus parfaiti A. H. CtarK, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, 1909, p. 676. Locality.—Off the coast of Morocco ‘‘par le travers du cap Blanc.” Depth.—1,900 meters. Remarks.—This is a perfectly good species, but Carpenter sub- jected it to such severe criticism in the Challenger report that it has been allowed to drop into oblivion. RHIZOCRINUS CHUNI Doderleia. Rhizocrinus sp. nov. DépERLEIN, in CHuN, Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres, 1900, p. 487, fig., p. 488. Rhizocrinus chuni D6pERLEIN, Die gestielten Crinoiden der Siboga-Expedition, 1907, p..14, pl. 1, fig. 5; pl. 6, fig. 6; fig. 6, p. 14. Locality Off Somaliland, East Africa. Depth.—1,644-1,668 meters. UNIDENTIFIABLE SPECIES. ANTEDON IMPINNATA (P. H. Carpenter). Antedon impinnata von Grarr, Challenger Reports, vol. 10, Zoology, 1884, pp. 15, 16, 18 (nomen nudum).—P. H. CarrEnTER, Challenger Reports, vol. 26, Zool- ogy, 1888, p. 206. Remarks.—The very short description of this species reads: ‘The third, fourth, and fifth brachials have no pinnules; eight or ten cirri of twelve joints,” which would be now expressed: P,, P,, and P, absent; cirri VIII-X, 12. Carpenter further says that this ‘‘is a little species, which was obtained at Mauritius by Professor Mobius, who was kind enough to show it to me when I visited [iel.”’ The type is recorded as having been taken in North Bay, Mauri- tius, at a depth of 15 fathoms. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. COMATULES. Comatules FErussac, Bull. des sci. nat. (2), vol. 26, 1831, p. 183. Ferussac records that M. Lamare-Picquot brought home numerous comatulids from his voyage to the East Indies and South Africa. COMATULA. Comatula von GRrarr, Challenger Reports, vol. 10, Zoology, 1884, p. 48; repeated in Braun, Centralbl. fiir Bakteriol. und Parasitenkunde, vol. 3, 1888, p. 186. Professor von Graff records myzostomes from an undetermined comatulid taken at Fouquet Island, southeast of Mauritius, in 18 fathoms. COMATULES. Comatules Parrait, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 1883, 1884, pp. 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 55, and 57. Captain Parfait records comatulids from the Talisman dredgings as follows: south of the Bay of Cadiz (lat. 36° 02’ N.; long. 9° 01’ E.), 126 meters (‘‘une pleine baille de comatules”); off Cape Spartel (lat. 35° 26’ N.; long. 9° 09’ E.), 717 meters; lat. 33° 47’ N.; long. 11° 23’ -E., 1,635 meters (‘‘comatules jaune soufre;’ probably Thalassometridz) ; lat. 32° 27’ N.; long. 12° 15’ E., 1,123 meters. lat. 30° 08’ N.; long. 14° 02’ E., 2,200 meters; lat. 30° 03’ N.; long. 14° 02’ E., 2,212 meters; lat. 29° 01 N.-; long. 14°51" he ieteo meters; lat. 28° 37’ N.; long. 15° 22’ H., 865 meters; lat. 28° 35’ N:; long. 15° 30’ E., 975 meters; lat. 28° 35’ N.; long. 15° 36’ E., 1,238 meters; lat. 26° 17’ N.; long. 17° 11’ E., 355 meters (mul titude de comatules’’); lat. 26° 16’ N.; long. 17° 11’ E., 250 meters; lat. 26° 13’ N.; long. 17° 10’ E., 175 meters; Jat) 26° 07 Noome 17° -08’ E., 130 meters; lat. 25°41" N.; longs 18°) 160 meters; lat. 21° 51’ N.; long. 19° 18’ E., 235 meters; lat. 19° 19’ N.; long. 20° 22’ E., 2,333 meters; lat. 19° 16’ N.; long. 20° 207 H., 2,320 meters; lat. 38° 38’ N.; long. 30° 41’ E., 1,257 meters; lat. 45° 59’ N.; long. 6° 29’ E., 1,480 meters. COMATULES. Comatules pE Fourn, Sous les mers, 1887, pp. 266, 277, 280, 281, 282, 283, 288, 297, 328, and 335. Marquis de Folin records unidentified comatulids from the west coast of Morocco, off Cape Spartel, 717 meters; west coast of Morocco, 1,123 meters; west coast of Merocco, 2,200 meters; west coast of Morocco, 2,212 meters; Canary Islands, 1,180 meters, 865 meters, 1,238 meters, 345 meters, 130 meters, and 410 meters; off the coast of Senegal, 2,333-2,320 meters; among the Azores, 1,257-1,255 meters (and in the Gulf of Gascony, 1,480 meters). Probably these specimens are in the Paris Museum. No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 49 COMATULES. Comatules RicHarp, Les campagnes scientifique de 8. A. S. le Prince Albert I: de Monaco, 1900, p. 78. Professor Richard says: ‘‘Enfin il est interessant de signaler la capture, dans une masse, d’une centaine de comatules, par 175 meters sur le banc de Gorringe.”’ PENTAMETROCRINUS (? species). Endiocrinus sp. nov. CHuNn, Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres, 1900, p. 488. Professor Chun records the discovery by the Valdivia of a sulphur yellow ‘“ Hudiocrinus”’ representing a new species (as determined by Professor Déderlein) in 1,289 meters off the coast of Somaliland. BATHYCRINUS. Bathycrinus MinbNE-EpWarps, Comptes rendus, vol. 97, 1883, p. 1392. One or more species of this genus are stated to have been dredged “nar le travers du cap Ghir et du cap Noun, a 120 milles environ de la céte,” at depths between 2,000 and 2,300 meters. One of these is undoubtedly the Bathycrinus perrieri recently described by MM. Keehler and Vaney. BATHYCRINUS. Bathycrinus Firnot, La nature, No. 572, 17 mai 1884, p. 391. This refers to the same specimens as does the preceding. CRINOIDE. Crinoide Parralr, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 1883, 1884, p. 43. Captain Parfait here records a small crinoid from lat. 30° 03’ N.; long. 14° 02’ E., in 2,212 meters, on gray mud and broken shell; it is undoubtedly the same as the preceding. BATHYCRINUS. Bathycrinus Parrait, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 1883, 1884, pp. 43, 57. The remains of Bathycrinus are here recorded from lat. 29° 52’ N.; long. 14° 04’ E., in 2,075 meters, on gray mud and broken shell; and from lat. 44° 20’ N.; long. 19° 31’ E., in 4,255 meters, on soft white mud. BATHYCRINUS. Bathycrinus E. Perrier, Rey. scient., vol. 35, 30 mai 1885, p. 691. MM. Keehler and Vaney believe that the individual here referred to is the specimen described by them as Bathycrinus perriert. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. CRINOIDE. Crinoide DE Foun, Sous les mers, 1887, p. 281. De Folin here records a small stalked crinoid from 2,212 meters off the west coast of Morocco. BATHYCRINUS. Bathycrinus DE Fottn, Sous les mers, 1887, p. 282. De Folin records a specimen dredged from 2,083 meters off the west coast of Morocco. UN PETIT CRINOIDE. Un petit crinoide Richarp, Bull. soc. zool. France, vol. 27, 1902, p. 85. Professor Richard records a small crinoid, probably a Bathycrinus, from 3,890 meters in the Cape Verde Islands. RHIZOCRINUS LOFFOTENSIS Wyville Thomson. Rhizocrinus loffotensis WyvittE THomson, The Depths of the Sea, 1873, p. 450. Sir Wyville Thomson records that the Swedish frigate Josephine obtained this species on the Josephine Bank. Undoubtedly the identification is incorrect. RHIZOCRINUS (7? species). Rhizocrinus rawsoni (not of Pourtalés) P. H. Carrenter, Challenger Reports, vol. 11, Zoology, 1884, p. 262 (part), pl. 10, figs. 8-14.—Ka@uurr, Echino- dermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice, p, 255.—K@HLER and VANEY, Bull. du mus. d’hist. nat., 1910, No. 1, p. 31. Localities.—South of Terceira, Azores (lat. 38° 11’ N.; long. 27° 09’ W.); off the eastern end of Pico, Azores (lat. 38° 20’ N.; long. 28° 04’ 25’’ W.); ‘‘par le travers du cap Ghir [Ras Aferni] et du cap Noun [Morocco], & 120 milles environ de la céte;” ‘‘par le travers du cap Blanc’”’ (Morocco); near Cape Blanco (lat. 33° 09’ N.; long. 11° 58’ W.); northwest of Mogador (lat. 32° 38’ N.; long. 12° 09’ W.). This group of species extends northward to west of the Scilly Islands and slightly west of south of the southwestern corner of Treland (lat. 50° 01’ N.; long. 12° 26’ W.). Depth.—1,435-2,300 meters. The extreme recorded depth is 1,207 fathoms. Remarks.—A number of distinct species are included by Carpenter and by Keehler under the name Rhizocrinus rawsoni, none of which are the same as the West Indian form originally described under that name by Pourtalés, No. 1808. RECENT AFRICAN CRINOIDS—CLARK. 5] DEMOCRINUS. Democrinus Parrair, Rapport sur la campagne scientifique du Talisman en 1883, 1884, pp. 41, 43, 47. Captain Parfait records undetermined Rhizocrinus from the coast of Morocco as follows: lat. 32° 40’ N.; long. 12° 10’ E., 1,435 meters; lat. 29° 52’ N.; long. 14° 04’ E., 2,075 meters; lat. 25° 01’ N.; long. 19° 15’ E., 2,638 meters. Probably the specimens mentioned are in the Paris Museum. DEMOCRINUS. Democrinus DE Fotrn, Sous les mers, 1887, pp. 282, 288. M. de Folin records Rhizocrinus from African waters as follows: off the west coast of Morocco, 2,083 meters; off the Canary Islands, 2,636 meters. Probably the specimens are in the Paris Museum. APPENDIX. While at the British Museum recently I was, thanks to the kind- ness of Prof. F. Jeffrey Bell, able to examine some very interesting comatulids which had been collected by the cable repair ship lectra in the Red Sea, and to the northwest of Sokotra. These f find to be as follows: Locality.—Red Sea, southeast of Messawa (lat. 15° 02’ 30’’ N.; long. 41° 13’ 30’’ E.); depth, 20 fathoms. © Oligometra serripinna var. electree A. H. Clark. Locality.—N orthwest of Sokotra (lat. 14° 20’ N.; long. 52° 30’ E.); depth, 1,200 fathoms. Thalassometra (new species). Thaumatometra (new species). Pachylometra (new species). Cyclometra flavescens A. H. Clark. WAL aa Rd des MAMMALS COLLECTED BY DR. W. L. ABBOTT ON BORNEO AND SOME OF THE SMALL ADJACENT. ISLANDS. By Marcus Warp Lyon, Jr., Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals, U.S. National Museum. INTRODUCTION. Before collecting on the mainland of Borneo, Dr. W. L. Abbott made two expeditions to adjacent islands, the mammalian fauna of which is closely allied to that of Borneo. One of these expeditions was to the Natuna islands, north of Borneo, and was made during the spring and summer of 1900; the other was to the Karimata Islands, off the west coast, during August and September, 1904. Lists of the mammals obtained on these expeditions were published by Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., in 1901 and in 1906.1. More recently Doctor Abbott has visited the mainland of Borneo five times, on each occasion stopping at some of the adjacent islands. An account of the mammals collected on the first trip to the mainland, covering the Kapuas River region, was published by me in 1907.2 The present paper aims to give an account of the mammals obtained on the remaining four expeditions—two to southwestern Borneo and two to southeastern Borneo—as well as those collected in the near-by islands. For the sake of completeness, I have included in the present paper the species collected in the Kapuas River region, as well as those from Karimata Islands, the latter having been visited a second time. Four short papers* have appeared recently which 1 Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 3, pp. 111-138, March 26, 1901. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, pp. 55-66, July 23, 1906. 2 proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, pp. 547-572, December 24, 1907. 3 Lyon, Description of a new squirrel of the Sciurus prevostii group from Pulo Temaju, west coast of Borneo. Smiths. Mise. Coll., vol. 48, pp. 275-276, February 4, 1907. Lyon, Remarks on the Insectovores of the genus Gymnura. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, p. 449, May 27, 1909. Doctor Abbott’s Bornean specimens listed. Elliot, On the genus Presbylis Esch., and Le Tarsier Buffon, with descriptions of two new species of Tarsius. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 28, pp. 151-154, May 27, 1910. Describes the tarsier from the Kapuas River region. Elliot, Descriptions of some new species of monkeys of the genera Pithecus and Pygathriz collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott and presented to the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, pp. 343-352, August 6, 1910. Describes the common macaques from Karimata, the Kapuas River region, Bawean Island, and Pulo Mata Siri. Proceepinas U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1809. 53 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. deal in part with the mammals included in the present paper, but the collections as a whole are here published for the first time. A list of the localities visited by Doctor Abbott is given below, together with his geographical and natural history field-notes. Many of these localities are not to be found on the ordinary maps, and reference should be made to the maps on pages 55 and 57. LIST OF LOCALITIES, WITH GEOGRAPHICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY FIELD-NOTES BY DR. W. L. ABBOTT. West BoRNEAN MAINLAND, June 6-September 16, 1907. Sukadana (or Sukudana).—At Sukudana a mass of hills 1,000 to 2,000 feet high rise right from the seashore. They are well forested, but there are many plantations of - durians and other fruit upon their slopes and many clearings in the neighborhood. The sea is very shallow near the coast; otherwise it would have been a good collecting ground for me,! as animal life is pence in the neighborhood. The inhabitants are all Malays except a few Chinese traders and small planters. Sempang River.—The country along the Sempang River is low and swampy, very little above high water, as is also nearly all west Borneo near the coast. The lower part of the principal affluent, the Semandang, is also low and flat. The headwaters of both rivers are among the hills. The low country is for the most part heavy forest, with a strip of clearing along the river banks. The hilly country is inhabited by Dyaks and here there is comparatively little virgin forest remaining. The greater part of the surface is covered with secondary jungle. A few rhinoceroses are said to inhabit the upper Sempang about Batu Dayeu (or Dajeuh). A much larger cat than Felis nebulosa occurs, Galled by Malays and Dyaks ‘‘rimow.’’ It must be very rare, as very few people whom I met had ever seenit. The big red pig (Sus gargantua?) T heard of from both Dyaks and Malays, especially about the upper Sempang River, but not reported at all common. Matan (or Matai) River—The Sungei Matan enters the Sempang at the rajah’s kampong (village) called Sempang. I camped about 12 miles up (44 hours) at a place called Matan. Formerly there was a large kampong there but it was abandoned twenty to thirty years since. Most of the neighborhood is large secondary jungle. The hill called Matan was close by. Animal life was very abundant, and orang-utans plentiful. There are no permanent villages now upon the Sungei Matan, except on the slopes of the hill called Sepunchok, about 24 hours above Sones where there are eight families. Mount Palung.—Palung is 1,110 meters in height. I ascended Panti and remained one night; saw no mammals high up. Panti [not shown on map] is one of the hills of Palung. It is somewhere about 3,500 feet. Rhinoceroses are said to inhabit the lowlands about the base of Palung. No tapir or banting (Bos) in this part of Borneo, SouTHwWEst BORNEAN MAINLAND, June 17-September 29, 1908. Kendawangan River.—The country along the lower Kendawangan River, as else- where in west Borneo, is mostly swamp, just above high-water mark. Occasional higher patches and tracts occur which always remain dry and are called ‘‘pématong,”’ about what we call ‘‘islands” in swamps or ‘“‘hummocks” in Florida. There are no hills close to the lower river except at Mankol. At Lanchut, 30 miles from the mouth, there is quite a large tract of dry land extending back to Mount Kedio, 4 miles from the river. About Kalang Anyer, a Malay kampong of three houses, 70 miles from the mouth, the banks become higher, with but little swamp. A few miles higher up the hilly and rolling country is reached, the Dyak country, where most of the original jungle has been destroyed and now covered with secondary jungle, scrub, and “‘alang 1 Doctor Abbott travels about in a schooner, and the anchorage probably was poor. No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VIOCINITY—LYON. 55 alang” (long coarse grass). On the upper part of the largest tributary, the Mambuluh, there are many ‘‘danau, ” or lakes, which, however, dry up in time of drought. There are several hundred Malays living along the lower Kendawangan, Lobo Batil, 18 miles pf Pulo Maja” PANEBANGAN =r Ses aS PELAPIS SERUTU Maro X ¢Karangan Garok Ahwattan P.IRAS g PULO BAUWAL Lh Fic. 1.—Map OF SOUTHWESTERN BORNEO. from the mouth, being the highest permanently inhabited place. The rattan and gutta gatherers wander all over the forests and the uninhabited belt lying between the Malay settlements and the Dyak country on the hilly ground, and they all carry guns 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. with them. On the upper Kendawangan among the Dyaks there are about 200 Malays, mostly about Maro. Nearly every man, both Dyak and Malay, has a gun; so game is remarkably scarce. Luckily, powder is difficult to obtain. The Dutch have not interfered with the natives much as yet, and have not taken away their firearms, as they are gradually doing all over their colonies, much to the advantage of the animal life, for Dyaks devour everything they can kill. I myself saw very much less life than on the Sempang, and far less than in southeast Borneo, where the natives were all disarmed several years ago. The Dyaks kill far more with their ‘‘bétantik, ” or spear traps, than by shooting, except in the case of orang-utan. The Dyaks are extremely fond of the meat of these, and it is useless to look for orangs anywhere in the neighbor- hood of a Dyak settlement. I could hear nothing of Sus gargantua, and probably it does not occur in that part of Borneo, nor could I hear anything of the ‘‘rimau, ” or tiger, which was said to inhabit the Sempang district. A few rhinoceroses are said to inhabit the neighborhood of Mount Kedio and a few sapi utan (Bos sondaicus) on its west slopes on the headwaters of the little river Tingar. This is the only place on or near the west coast of Borneo where wild cattle occur. The Malays told me they also existed in some places on the upper Pasaguan River—that is the next large river north of the Kendawangan. The country about Mount Kedio is uninhabited, and there is said to be much animal life there. Fifty or sixty years ago the district was inhabited by Dyaks, but these, becoming involved in war with the Malay rajah, left their homes and fled into the interior. All over this corner of Borneo occur shghtly elevated sandy tracts covered with small trees (or smaller trees than the surrounding forest); these are locally called ‘‘padang,’’ which is Malay for meadow. Much of this land and a good deal of the drier forest was burned over six or seven years ago, during a period of excessive drought. No rain fell for four or five months, a most unusual occurrence in any part of Borneo, where ordinarily rain falls every month in the year, and there is no proper dry season. The following animals, in addition to some already mentioned, were well known to the natives, but none was obtained during this trip: Mydaus, called bébot by Malay and kalinsida by Dyaks; Reithrosciurus; Felis nebulosa, rimau dahan; Felis marmorata?, a wild cat with a large tail, was caught by a Malay in a snare, but for some reason was not brought to me; Paradoxurus philippinensis; Gymnura, local name dngkis. Batu Jurong.—Batu Jurong is the southerly point of a range of hills which stretch north-northeast to Mankol on the Kendawangan River. I anchored in a small strait between Pulo Irasand the mainland. Two or three Malay families lived here and had their clearings. Pigs were plentiful; kijang (muntjacs) and rusa were also common, but the Malays were continually after them with their dogs. South of this there are no inhabitants in the southwest corner of Borneo, and until recently none on the south coast west of the Sungei Jelai. Lately, however, about a dozen families of Malays have made clearings on the lower course of the Sungei Ayer Hitam Besar. Animals were said to be plentiful, especially rusa, about Tanjong Kepala, where there is said to be large tracts of short grass. I saw two orangs and the sarongs (nests) of many more about 2 miles east of Batu Jurong, where I shot one female. Mankol.—Mankol lies along the Kendawangan River for about 2 miles. There are about 25 or more houses altogether. At this point the north end of the range of hills (400 to 800 feet high) approaches the river. Animals were scarce, as most of the people had guns, and the jungle in the hills and along the base was full of old jerats and pagars (traps and snares). A few orangs were said to 6ccur, but I saw no traces. Lanchut.—Lanchut is now without inhabitants. It was formerly the most impor- tant village on the river and the residence of the rajah. The ground along the river is quite high and dry and covered with secondary jungle and long grass for some dis- tance back from the river. Four or five miles due east rises Mount Kedio, in an uninhabited district covered with heavy forest. no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON, oO Kiumpane Bay, SOUTHEASTERN Borneo, January 8—March 13, 1908, and April 18-19, 1909, Tanjong Batu lies at the north entrance of Klumpang Bay. The hill is 3 or 4 miles long and 1,200 feet at its highest point.. It is covered with heavy forest, ® a ]Royal Butch Oil Co. Hagrs, > , 2 7% < vs) S = Ye Si Nes 4 9 ale Lowatsi Ks ~~) = 8. Koman & 8. Telakai. S 3 ADANG BAY SS 2. e. Lf Pasir River Pasir Kampong > 2 S s. > s 202, g °5 gs. Menugul a 4, pated My. is 8.,8amP" 3 “In gh, 6 bon wang % A Tomellung Ge Bhan j My G4 erg, Cy > Log S 4p Tanjong Kramet\S, Tanjong Batu MPANG BAY oP Nangka / 5 (9) BANDJARMASIN Pulo Sebuku QW, apy, rina S/N Pleihart/i/ | 0 Bira Birahan oO P. Kadapangan 950 ft. °o Za Pulo Mata Sirt 1400 ft. ef) P Kalambau } 1120 ft. LAUROT OR LAUT KICHEL ISLANDS © arends Island (or Keramian) Fig. 2.—MApP OF SOUTHEASTERN BORNEO. except at the south end, where there are some pepper gardens and a good many old clearings covered with scrub and coarse grass. The timber is very good, containing much bilian (iron wood). A range of lower hills extends north of this to Bukit Batu near the Sampanahan River and Pamukang Bay. This range of hills is evidently an 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. ancient island, joined to the mainland by the elevation of the land and also by silting up a wide tract of mangrove swamp lying in the intervening space. As one ascends the river, a few miles from the bay, evidences of elevation become everywhere visible in the masses of limestone coral projecting from the swampy surface. In many cases the flat surface of the ancient reef is but a few inches below the mud or actually on the surface. A little farther an irregular line of limestone hills, mostly with precipitous and waterworn sides, runs in a general direction parallel with the coast. The uncleared land is all heavy forest. Many old clearings and some new exist in the neighborhood of the rivers. The population of the coast is made up of Bugis, Banjer, and other Mohammedan Malay tribes. Inland is a large Dyak (pagan) population. The Dutch annexed this district in 1905. Pangkallahan (or Bangkallaan) River.—Kampong Pangkallahan is about 7 miles up the river of the same name and is the residence of the mankoh, or head of the Dyaks of the district. The country is covered with splendid forest, with only a few clear- ings. There are ranges and scattered hills of precipitous limestone rock. Animals seemed scarce, as usual in Dyak districts, everything hunted off or driven away by” the Dyaks and their dogs. They have very few guns and no powder. About a half mile above the village is the lower entrance to the Temmelung or tunnel of the Pang- kallahan. This tunnel cave, through which the river flows, swarms with bats as well as with edible birds’-nest swifts, hundreds of thousands of their nests being collected annually. I could not devise any way of catching the bats, as I had no net and had not brought a gun for fear of a capsize, there being a dangerous rapid near the lower end of the tunnel. The Temmelung must be about 2 miles long, judging by the time we took passing through it. It is through limestone rock. I do not think the roof was anywhere very thick, at some places only 2 or 3 yards. That part of the country is full of Lhmestone hills and rocks all honeycombed with caves and passages. But bats did not seem to be present in the hundreds of holes I visited, except an occasional individual which I could not secure. Judging from the noise, for the light from the torches did little but accentuate the gloom, there must be hundreds of thousands in the Temmelung. Another tunnel occurs farther up the same river, but I did not visit it, as it was said to be very difficult of passage except by a very small canoe. Saratok River.—The Saratok is a small river flowing into Klumpang Bay. Two Dyak houses stood in a small new clearing. Back of this and extending eastward for nearly 2 miles was a large tract of alang alang (tall, coarse grass) covering several hun- dred acres. Ther: appeared to be a good many rusa here, but the grass, 4 to 5 feet high, made it very difficult to shoot anything. When the grass is burned off in the dry | season the place is said to be frequented by a herd of sapi utan (Bos sondaicus). There | were no tracks of these at the time of my visit. Most of my collecting was done near some limestone hills and rocks about a mile westward in the midst of splendid forest. Only the red Presbytis was seen here; near the coast only the black one existed. Besides the animals shot in Klumpang Bay I saw the long-tailed and the pig-tailed | macaques and Presbytis cristata. PAMUKANG OR TJENGAL Bay, March 17—April 7, 1908, and March 23-April 13, 1909. Musangs were generally scarce except the tangalunga, which was common. I | let most of those go which I caught in traps. The Mydaus was well known, but no— specimens were obtained. Gymnura must be very common, as one often smelt them | in the jungle, although none were obtained. The pig-tailed macaque was twice met with in droves, but none were secured. I met with Reithrosciurus twice on Bukit Batu. It was running on the ground in heavy forest. Its movements were so quick T could not shoot it. Its big bushy tail, carried high over its back, made the animal very conspicuous. I was much surprised to find that it is a ground squirrel. The headman of the Bajaus at Sungei Manungul, Pamukang Bay, said there used to be some rhinos in that locality, but he had seen no traces for years. Pasir River, December 31, 1908-January 22, 1909. no. 1809. MAMMALS FROW BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 59 Baik Papan Bay, February 1-February 24, 1909. Balik Papan Bay extends nearly 18 miles in a northerly direction. Several rivers empty into it. The eastern shore is high and hilly for the most part, the western low and covered with mangroves. There were very few inhabitants when the Royal Dutch Oil Company first estab- lished its headquarters here about fifteen years ago. Now there is a large settlement, wharves, oil refineries, paraffin works, etc., and about 6,000 inhabitants, situated on the eastern entrance to the bay. It is an excellent harbor. The shores of the bay are still mostly heavy forest. The line of the bay probably coincides with that of a fault. The hills are mostly red laterite, but a line of limestone stretches southwest- ward not far from the head of the bay. Animal life is fairly plentiful. Banting (Bos sondaicus) were said to occur especially around the head of the bay. Puto Lamuxoran, May 7-10, 1907. Pulo Lamukotan is the largest of the Burong Islands, and hes about 10 miles off the mainland of Borneo. It is about 4 miles long by 1 mile wide. It consists of a long ridge with a low rock near the middle of the island. The highest point is near the southern end and is nearly 1,000 feet in height. Most of the surface is now cleared and the lower parts entirely planted with coconuts, which are very fine and healthy. The only heavy forest remaining covers the highest summit and the crest of the ridge on the southern part of the island, and a smaller piece on the summit of the northern ridge. The soil seems fertile and the surface is not very rocky, except upon the shore. The forest trees are very large in the remain- ing jungle. The other islands in the group, four in number, are smaller and have been entirely cleared and planted with coconuts. The inhabitants are Malays from Sambas. A Sciwras vittatus, a Macacus cynomolgus, a large pig, and three or more rats constitute the mammalian fauna. Pigs are not now very numerous, having been largely hunted off by Chinese from the mainland, who employ dogs. Pigs were formerly very abundant upon the other islands of the group (Penata and Kebun), but have been entirely exterminated upon these since the clearing of the jungle. Rats seemed pretty common. My traps were set in the jungle on the ridge near the highest peak. Fruit pigeons and Nicobar pigeons were fairly common. Puto Tremasu, May 5-6, 1907. (First visited by Doctor Abbott in 1905.) Pulo Temaju is now mostly cleared and planted with coconut. The only heavy forest remaining covers the summit and upper slopes of the highest peak. There are no mammals except Sciurus proserpine and rats. The coconut trees are not very pro- ductive and seem much diseased. Puto Datu, May 2-4, 1907. Pulo Datu les 21 miles from the coast of Borneo. It is about 14 miles long by three-fourths mile wide. It is very hilly (mountainous) and rocky, and rises to about 1,000 feet. It is covered with heavy forest, except at some places on the east side, where some clearings have been made and a few coconuts planted. The clearings are now overgrown with large secondary jungle, as the rats swarm to such an extent it is impossible to grow anything. Squirrels (Sciurus vittatus group) were plentiful. No monkeys. I put out about forty rat traps one night. Nearly every one was sprung in the morning, but many of the rats had been devoured by land or hermit crabs. White fruit pigeons and Nicobar pigeons were common. There are no sand beaches, but plenty of fresh water flows out beneath the rocks, on the east side at any rate, between high and low water marks. Mus “rattus”’ appeared to be more abundant then M. ‘‘lingensis,’’? but the hermit crabs showed marked preference for the latter and spoiled most of those caught. Puto PANEBANGAN, May 16-26, June 2-3, and September 20-21, 1907. Pulo Panebangan lies 8 miles from Pulo Maja, which is practically the mainland of Borneo. It is about 4 miles long by 2 to 3 wide, containing about 6,000 to 7,000 acres, It is very hilly, scarcely any level ground. The highest point is said to be 1,700 feet. It is uninhabited and covered with dense jungle. Rattans (of an almost valueless variety) abound, and the jungle is so matted up with rattans and their flagella as to be impenetrable. In some places the jungle seems to have been cleared at some 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. previous period, as at the head of the small bay on the north side. Macacus cynomolgus was the only monkey seen. There is no lotong (Presbytis). The ratufa is probably fairly common, as I frequently heard it. I only actually saw the three which were shot. I thought I saw and heard Nannosciurus on one occasion, but am not certain. There is no napu or large tragulus. No deer occurs; no otter tracks seen; and the tangalunga trapped was the only musang seen. The small Hipposideros was very common, flying about in the daytime; the larger one was less common. ‘There were several other species of bats flying about in the forest in daylight, but I failed to secure any. No Rhinolophus were seen. Another musang is said to occur and also a red flying squirrel. Pigs were plentiful. All those noticed upon the beach seemed to be males. We did not once see a small one out of two or three dozen individuals. Possibly the old males appropriate the beaches and reefs, which are the best feeding grounds, and drive away intruders. The pigs were all very lean and gaunt. Up to the present there are no inhabitants, although there are many durians, mangos, and chempadak. We heard that some Karimata people propose to come in July, 1907, and form plantations. Puro Pexaris, May 29-June 1, 1907. Pelapis, a group of four islands, lies 34 miles southwest of Panebangan and 17 miles from Karimata. The islands are all hilly and rocky and covered with forest. The highest point is about 1,200 feet. The total area is about 5,000 acres. South Island (also called Pelapis Tengah) is the largest and is nearly 2? miles long. AJ] collecting was done upon this island. Some years ago some Malays and Karimata people settled upon South Island and farmed some plantations of coconuts, etc., but three years ago an epidemic broke out, many died and the rest of the settlers fled, and to-day scarce a trace of human occupancy can be seen. Besides the animals obtained, the flying lemur and the common long-tailed macaque occur. No tragulus, no musangs, or no ratufas occur. The pigs come out upon the sand beaches and reefs at low tide, and can be shot without much difficulty. Bats were flying about in the forest on Pelapis, but not nearly so many as upon Panebangan. None were obtained. Karimara Istanps, Telok Edar, Karimata Island, October 4-7, 1908. (First visited by Dr. W. L. Abbott in 19085. ) 4 Puro Juanta, September 10-11, 1907. Pulo Juanta is a small island, 63 miles ‘from the mainland, about 1 kilometer long by 4 wide. It is about 300 feet high. The greater part is covered with heavy forest, but a clearing was made about four years ago and an attempt made to plant coconuts, but nothing could be grown owing to the rats and-pigs. About thirty pigs were killed, but many remained. There are still a few on the island, but I could neither shoot nor trap them. There are no squir- rels on the island. Puto Bauwat, June 12-16, 1908. Pulo Bauwal (or Rendezvous Island) lies near the southwest corner of Borneo. It is about 15 miles from Tanjong Sambar, which is the extreme southwest point. Bauwal is about 6 geographic miles long by 5 in extreme width and contains about 12,000 acres. The strait separating it from the mainland is from 4 to 6 miles wide and 4 to 12 fathoms deep. The island is sur- rounded by wide coral reefs and hard rocks. The island is composed of hard red rock (iron ore?) and is rather low. There are two or three hills, rising to about 300 feet to the tops of the trees. The surface is rolling and covered with forest. There is some mangrove swamp. A house, inhabited by Pontianak Malays, is on the east coast, and five houses inhabited by Orang Laut from Karimata were established near the northwest corner about three years ago. The fauna is rather peculiar in that there are no squirrels, traguli, rusa, or pigs. Muntjacs and tangalungas are common. SotomsBo (not shown on map), December 4-6, 1907. The island of Solombo, or Masolombo Besar, is about 4 miles long by about 2 wide. The surface is mostly rather low and rolling, and there is one hill about 250 feet high. The rock seems to be nearly all volcanic, except, of course, the coral around the shore. The island is surrounded no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 61 by acoral reef. It lies midway between Madura and Borneo, 84 miles to each. There is quite a large population, 300 to 400 of Bugis and Madurese. The island has been settled about forty years. Most of the heavy forest has been cleared, except about the hill. The soil, dark red, with many stones and rocks of lava upon the surface, is very fertile, and produces large crops of paddy and maize. The only mammals I saw were flying foxes, which were quite common. Rats were said to be plentiful. There are no monkeys or squirrels. There are said to be many sapi or feral cattle (Bos sondaicus), . and the natives were very anxious for me to go and shoot some, but I did not have time to doso. They are said to have been running wild a long time. Birds are very plentiful. The anxiety as to the safety of my schooner prevented me from doing as much as I would have liked, besides cutting short my stay, for the wind went around to the northwest and we had to get out on short notice. I should like to have putin several more days and visited Pulo Solombo Kitchil. There are no people upon the latter and it is still uncleared forest. Birds are said to be very plentiful there. BaweEAan Istanp, November 24-27, 1907. (Not shown on map.) Bawean Island lies about 60 miles north of the Straits of Madura. It is about 11 miles long by 10 wide, the area being about 100 square miles. The surface is mountainous, several of the hills rising from 2,000 to 2,200 feet. The island is volcanic, the rocks being mostly lava and basalt, with some limestone. There are extensive coral reefs around the coast. Many volcanic cones are scattered about and there are several hot springs. A beautiful lake of about 15 acres called the Telaga occupies the extinct crater of the mountain of the same name. The island is densely inhabited around the coasts, the population being about 50,000. Most of the men go to Java, the Straits, and Sumatra is search of work. Nearly all the saises in Singapore and Penang are Beyanese. One sees but few males between the ages of 18 and 40 in Bawean. The “women weave the mats of pandanus, for which the island is famous, and which are exported all over the archipelago. Animal life is not plentiful. Remarkably few birds are to be seen. As for mammals, pigsare very common. The only ones obtained, however, were young—too small to be of any use as specimens. The rusa (Cervus kuhli)*is not numerous, and is only found in a few localities. The only specimens obtained were three pairs of horns from the kampong of Tombak on the north side of the island. It is more numerous on the hills behind Tombak than at any other place. There is also a porcupine, possibly two species, a musang, a Manis, and what appears to be an otter, but they do not seem to be common, and none were obtained. Pteropus was very common, but no other bats were seen. The cattle are the tame variety of Bos sondaicus, which has been introduced from Bali. They are not used for milk, but are employed to some extent for draft and plowing. A few buffaloes are also kept. There is but little virgin forest left upon Bawean. The largest piece lies upon the northern slopes of the central mountain mass, especially Gunong Besar and the Telaga. There is also a tract upon the west coast which I did not visit, however, and there are some small patches on the eastern and southern slopes of the mountains. The rest of the island is toa great extent covered with small scrub and giant bamboos. Mangos and jack fruit escaped from cultivation form much of the jungle. The scrub is everywhere traversed by the trails formed by the numerous cattle. ARENDS (or KERAMIAN) IstAND, November 24, 1908. (See map, p. 57.) Puto Mata Siri, December 7-11, 1907, and November 25-December 1, 1908. Mata Siri is the largest of the Laurot or Laut Kitchil Islands. It is 74 miles long by 14 broad, is 1,400 feet high. There is scarcely any level ground, the whole island being hilly, consisting of a long ridge dividing into two peninsulas at its northeast end, inclosing the bay of Telok Sungei. Itisa good, safe harbor, and we lay there in security, although the westerly monsoon was blowing strong at the time. The other two islands of the group, Kalambau and Kadapangan, are each about one-half the size of Mata Siri, and each consists of one long ridge. The islands are of granite 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. formation, with but little coral reef around them. Rats of one species were very plentiful; a very pale Sciwrus vittatus was common, so was the ordinary long-tailed macaque. Ishotone Pteropusanda pair of Cynopterus, also another bat ( Megaderma?), but it was lost in the jungle. A muntjac (or kijang) is common, but I only had a glimpse of one. As the island is covered with dense unbroken jungle it is almost impossible to shoot them. The animal only occurs on Mata Siri. It is possible it may have been introduced by man. We heard them barking daily, and they must be very numerous. None of the group is permanently inhabited, but Malays visit the islands from Pulo Laut and Pasir to collect turtles’ eggs and birds’ nests. Evi- dently there have been some clearings and cultivations in the past, as there is sec- ondary jungle in some places which is now almost indistinguishable from the original forest. My crew saw a dugong in the bay. Puto Laut, December 16-29, 1907. Pulo Laut is a large island lying at the southeast corner of Borneo. The strait separating it is about 30 miles long and from 1 to 3 miles wide. The depth is 4 to 10 fathoms. The island 1s 55 geographic miles long by 20 wide. The north end is very hilly, the highest points being about 2,300 feet. Most of the rest of the surface iscomparatively flat, with isolated hills. There is a large population of Bugis and Banjer people. The higher hills are still mostly covered with heavy forest, but much of the lower land has been cleared for paddy and pepper cultivation. ‘This last is the staple production of the island. Some coal is mined in the hills at the north end. Kota Baru, near the northern entrance to the strait, is the seat of the Dutch Kontroleur of the district, and is quite a busy little place. The mammals of Pulo Laut are as follows: Rusa and Sus barbatus, both com= mon; some very big pig (Sus gargantua?) said to occur; there is said to be a large red flying squirrel; napus were common, and a smaller kanchil was said to be less com mon, but I did not see it; Bos sondaicus may be truly wild (not feral) on Pulo Laut, as it is common on the opposite mainland; it is said to be numerous on Pulo Bira Birahan on the south coast of Pulo Laut; it is only one mile long and must have been introduced there. Gibbons, Nasalis larvatus, pig-tailed macaques, and Mydaus do not occur on Pulo Laut. . Puto Sesuxu, December 31, 1907-January 5, 1908. Pulo Sebuku lies east of Pulo Laut, from which it is separated by a shallow strait only a mile wide in some places. The strait about the middle has only about a foot of water at low tide. Sebuku is 174 geographic miles long by about 5 wide. The highest point is only about 400 feet and the whole island is low but not swampy. The surface is mostly rolling. The inhabitants are mostly Bugis and Banjer people. It is thinly inhabited and the surface is still covered with heavy forest. The soil is red. Some black pepper is grown, and billian wood is cut. The Bugis build small praus here. As the strait separating Sebuku from Laut is so shallow, particularly at the northern end, I had to anchor the schooner near the northern end of the island, between the northwest point and the small coconut-covered island of Manti. Here we lay a mile offshore, just afloat at low tide. Rats were very plentiful in the jungle, Sciurus ‘‘vittatus” com- mon; so was the ratufa, which seems much the same as that of Pulo Laut, but is a little smaller. The ordinary long-tailed macaque is the only monkey. A small napu | is very common, although I secured but one pair. Pigs and rusa occur, and musangs | are said to occur, although I did not meet with them. No tupaias were noticed. No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 63 DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES, WITH CRITICAL ANNOTATIONS AND LISTS OF SPECIMENS. MANIS JAVANICA Desmarest. 1907. Manis javanica, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 548, December 24, 1907. Two specimens from Pontianak, collected in 1905. BOS SONDAICUS Schlegel and Miiller. 1839-1844. Bos sondaicus SCHLEGEL AND Miiuer, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. Bezitt., p. 197, pls. 35-39. Two specimens, skins and skulls, from Pamukang Bay—an adult female, Cat. No. 1543885, collected in 1909, and a female calf, Cat. No. 151865, collected in 1908. The general body color of the adult lies between Ridgway’s hazel and chestnut; a conspicuous narrow black stripe extends down the back from behind the shoulders to base of tail; from the base of the neck to the beginning of the black stripe there is an inconspicuous reddish stripe due to a general brightening of the general body color; the general color effect of the head and neck is something between russet and wood brown; the underparts are almost blackish; the ‘‘stockings,’’ buttock patch, inside of ears, and the chin vary from dirty white to cream-buff; the tail is long-haired, the upper two-thirds being of the body color, the terminal third blackish. The calf is similarly colored to the adult, but much duller, so that the general effect is much like russet. The colored illustra- tions of Bos sondaicus by Schlegel and Miller are good representations of the present specimens except that the adult female in the plate is rather dull. Measurements of the adult female: Head and body, 2,060 mm.; tail, 670; hind foot, 560; height at shoulder, 1,280; at rump, 1,310; weight of cut-up carcass without entrails, 386 pounds (175 kilos); estimated live weight, 500 pounds (227 kilos); basal length of skull, 405mm.; condylo-basal length, 434; zygomatic width, 175; maxillary toothrow, 128; mandibular tooth row, 135. This was quite common about Pamukang Bay, and I wasted much time in trying to get a specimen. Twice I was close to herds containing good bulls, but all my heavy rifle cartridges had gone bad. The cartridges had been five years on the Terrapin [Doctor Abbott’s schooner] and the caps would not explode. To what extent these cattle are indigenous and to what extent, if any, feral, it is impossible to say. They are also found wild upon Pulo Laut, and even it is said on the small island of Bira Birahan, near the south end of Laut. They could not have been indigenous on that little island, only a mile long. At the present day very few cattle are kept by the natives. But the praus from Madura and Bali bring up many Bali cattle for beef every year. These and the wild ones look just alike,—W. L. A, 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. TRAGULUS NAPU BORNEANUS (Miller). 1902. Tragulus borneanus MILLER, Proc. Biol.. Soc. Wash., vol. 15, p. 174, August 6, 1902. 1907. Tragulus borneanus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 550, Decem- ber 24, 1907. Doctor Abbott has collected thirty specimens of Tragulus of the napu group in Borneo and on the large Pulo Laut. A careful com- parison of these with a large number of specimens from various localities in Sumatra, the type-locality of napu, shows that the Sumatran and Bornean napus are almost identical in point of size, color, and cranial characters. The Bornean animal averages a very little smaller in most external and cranial measurements. (See table of measurements, p. 66.) At the same time the throat markings are slightly darker and the collar slightly wider than they are in typical napu. These differences, however, are very slight and not at all constant, and it is only possible to identify with certainty a little over half the specimens in each series. The specimens from Pulo Laut average slightly smaller in their cranial measurements than do those from Borneo proper, but not enough to justify their recognition as a distinct race. Externally there are no differences. Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr.,! has lately intimated that the Bornean napu would prove to be very closely related to if not identical with the Sumatran one. The following localities are represented in Doctor Abbott’s series: Kapuas River, 3; Sempang River, 2; Matan River, 4; Kendawangan River, 3; Saratok River, 1; Pamukang Bay, 4; Pulo Laut, 13. (For measurements of the adults of this series, together with those of the original series of Tragulus borneanus and of Sumatran napus, see table, p. 66.) TRAGULUS SEBUCUS, new species. Type.—Skin and skull of adult male; Cat. No. 151810, U.S.N.M.; collected on Pulo Subuku, off southeastern Borneo, January 4, 1908, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5736. Diagnostic characters —A small member of the napu group, similar in size and color to Tragulus pretiellus Miller? of Pulo Bakong, Rhio- Linga Archipelago, but blacker above and with posterior pair of dark throat markings almost clear blackish instead of mixed blackish and ochraceous. Color.—Upper parts of body, a mixture of black and ochraceous, the former in excess; sides of body similar, but the ochraceous light- ening to ochraceous buff, or buff; under parts of body white, but much suffused in the middle line with pale ochraceous buff, this latter color also forming a fairly well defined line between the color of the sides and 1The Mouse Deer of the Rhio-Linga Archipelago: A Study of Specific Differentiation under Uni- form Environment. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, p. 4, September 1, 1909. 2Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 253, September 11, 1906, No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 65 that of the under parts; top and sides of head and neck a rather pale or dull tawny ochraceous mixed with some black. A blackish line ex- tends from inner canthus of eye to nose, and on either side of this the tawny ochraceous is rather clear, over a narrow triangular area on top of head it is considerably mixed with black. The usual black nape stripe is barely indicated. Throat pattern composed of four Vs. The first or most anterior V white and bordering the interramial glandular area, except near the middle of the area where there is a small ochraceous spot; second V ochraceous, lined by a few blackish hairs; third V white; fourth V black, except at the point which is prolonged into an ochraceous, slightly mixed with blackish, line about 25 mm. long and passes through the point of the third V to blend with the point of the second V. The sides of the black V are broad and conspicuous. The collar is a mixture of blackish and ochraceous in nearly equal proportions. A narrow line, 2 to 5 mm. wide, mixed blackish and ochraceous in varying proportions, extends from the collar across the white of the chest and into the ochraceous suffusion of the under parts. Outer side of legs mixed tawny ochraceous and blackish, inner side with a narrow white line, bordered on either side by almost clear ochraceous or tawny ochraceous; tail above like back, beneath and at tip white. Skull and teeth.—Aside from their smaller size for a member of the napu group, these show no noteworthy characters. Measurements.—External measurements of the type and of a paratype, a female with the last permanent molars not yet cut; Cat. No. 151809. Head and body, 485, 490 mm.; tail, 70, 75; hind foot, including hoofs, 123,125; weight, 2.3, 2.7 kilos. Cranial measure- ments: Greatest length, 102.7, 95.7 mm.; upper length, 94, 88.2; condylo-basal length, 94.4, 90; greatest length of nasals, 28.6, 27.9; zygomatic breadth, 46.1, 43.5; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 33.8, 32.8; mandible, back of condyle to front of symphy- sis, 79.7, 74.5; maxillary toothrow, alveoli, 34.6, ——*; mandibular toothrow, alveoli, 38.8, a Specimens examined.—Two, both from Pulo Sebuku. Remarks.—Aside from Tragulus pretiellus, the only species with which TJ. sebucus needs comparison is T. nigricans Thomas.? The latter, however, is a larger animal, “apparently about the size of T. napu,”’ has a more distinct nape stripe, and the throat pattern considerably different. The posterior dark V is black in color to and including the apex of the V, and the apex is not prolonged into a pro- nounced line different in color from the rest of the V. 1 Last molars not through alveoli. 2 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 254, March, 1892. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——5 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. in nnn EEESnEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEDI Measurements of adult napus. oo =) AS 4 E 5 a S 8 Cata- He ot 2 os Name. Locality. logue Sex. & os Q ig No. ro aa ES a n eyo es ae q SS a | Ig bh | He ar SBE o | 8 mle |i Bale mm.|mm.|mm.| kilos.| mm. T. napu napu....-- Sumatra, Tapanuli | 114434 | Male....| 550 | 70 | 146} 4.0] 107.6 Bay. WOLFE ees saan Sumatra, Siak region..| 144132 |...do....-. 554 83 | 152 | 4.1 | 103.9 DOS ets soon eee (6 Koa OS AS nie on 144133 |. ..do..... 590 | 100 | 156} 4.2} 108.5 1 DC ee Gare otc lene ae GO%e So aieecee eas 144136 | Female -| 550 | 90] 154] 4.1 | 104.4 IDO Sato e eee er cee QOveescctace ees 144139 |...do..... 550 | 100 | 150} 4.2 | 103.8 WMO sie oes Sumatra, Aru Bay....| 143481 | Male 588 | 92] 147] 4.0] 111.9 1D YORE aS Sees eee GOs seesee steels 143483 |...do....- 565 90 | 146 3.6) | LOT ti T. napu borneanus - Bomee; Suanalamba | 442299 |...d0.....].....]-.--- B46 gle cee 101.8 iver. Doss cers os Borneo, Kinabatan- | 34905 | Female .j_....]....-|.....]...-.- 107.8 gan River. PAD ORS Asn cece cen COMA t eS sees $2884). 300. - 252] soso STAD | soe -e 103.8 IDOlteeos mest oe Borneo, Sapagaya | 42243 |...do....-].....|...-- 5136 |------ 103.7 River. 1D Yeas See eee |e ese Oe eeeonns Matas bY 2 es | Benes Pe aee! Beare BISON |e seen 107.6 1D SES ee ee ea eee Ob Re eee nee” EPSRe |. 20s... ofS a|e see BIBT Lal eee = 108.5 DOf sce cer: Borneo, Kapuas River} 49772 | Male....].....]..-.-|.....]------ 103.6 IDO See eee lUEe es (3 Foyer Seapets oa ehin 142345 |e aed Osesan ns cctel ae ceeleeeen| eee 96.7 Yo hated ite Pre rae Hee C6 {0 eae eS See EY 142346 | Female -} 545 | 85] 140] 4.6 | 100.8 Dost Aes tre Borneo, Matan River. -}| 145345 | Male. 565 | 85] 157} 4.1 | 105.5 ID Osea eee Borneo, Kendawan- | 153753 |...do-...-. 525 | 65] 147) 3.2] 104.9 gan River. IDO sade tasers noes (eee ane aaeecss 153743 | Female -| 560 |... .- 148 | 4.5 | 107.0 IDO: eeessheenel ace Cleo seems semen N5SCODN| ee Oseeee 531 85 | 143 2.8 | 101.1 DON GR eae tee Borneo, Saratok River | 151811 | Male 545 | 83] 147] 4.0] 108.5 1DYa eae ae ee Borneo, Pamukang | 151813 |...do....- 550 | 90] 140] 3.5] 104.0 Bay. 1DY ease ae aL eee dose eee eee 151814 |...do..... 565 | 70] 148] 3.7 | 111.0 ID OS eee eer ae Borneo, Balik Papan | 154344 |...do....-. 535) | 100!) 14 2a esse 107.0 ay. DO Ee easter alaeses OO ass cemccsoecece 1543465 |SeeGOseee DOOR nO) el aon | eee 105. 0 DOreeo-c eee ous |b eee dotaser hoses 154345 | Female .} 572] 98 | 147 |....-- 105.5 DOtsessese wee BulosWautee-s-ees--2- 151798 | Male. HoOn| = Ont 5 On| seen 101.3 dD Yee tae ere | SES GORE eee tees 151800 |...do..... 520} 80] 145] 3.2 | 100.7 DOS Serene Pama GOsS ese accesses 1518020 |eeGOneese 550 | 80/148] 3.5 | 103.0 TD Oe ee oe aa OW Se ee esssseeas see 151806): do- 225: 525 90 | 144 3.3 | 101.0 DOVE een rani: Sem does s8 Sateeeesatne 1518087|eead0lse.- 532 | 80} 141] 3.6 | 101.6 WO -2ee eae st eee oss. eae 151796 | Female.| 520} 80 | 146 ]..._-.. 106.4 LO Neer see | St oe dot kaa eee ae T5101 Sa dosese= 570 83 | 152 4.2 | 103.4 DORE as eres Henne GO es ee oes ec ee 151803i9|2--G02-.-5 572) 75 |) 495) aa) Ob 7, 1 Collector’s measurements. 2Measured by writer. 8 Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed into kilograms. 4 Type. 5 This measurement can be considered approximate only. TRAGULUS KANCHIL LONGIPES Lyon. | Zygomatic width. Maxillary toothrow (al- veoli) 1907. Tragulus hosei, Lyon (not of Bonhote), Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 549, December 24, 1907. 1908. Tragulus kanchil longipes Lyon, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, p. 628, September 14, 1908. Doctor Abbott has collected a total of twenty-five specimens of T’ra- gulus of the kanchil group in western and southwestern Borneo and one in southeastern Borneo. Kapuas River, 1; Sempang River, 9; Batu Jurong, 1; Kendawangan It is with much hesitation that I have referred them to T'ragulus kanchil longipes, the type-locality of which is the lowlands of eastern Sumatra, but I can find no essential River, 14, and Balik Papan Bay, 1. The following localities are represented: NO. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY--LYON. 67 differences, however, between them. The necks of the Bornean speci- mens are perhaps not so brightly colored as are those of the Sumatran examples. Only one Bornean skin, Cat. No. 153740, from the Ken- dawangan River, has a distinct yellowish coloration, resembling the Tragulus fulvicollis * type, instead of several such specimens, as in the case of the Sumatran series. The length of hind foot, including the hoof, is essentially the same in the two series, and it is distinctly longer than it is in the typical Sumatran kanchils from Aru Bay and Tapanuli Bay. (See table of measurements, p. 68.) A careful study of this table shows that the range of variation of the Bornean skulls is slightly ereater than that of typical kanchil skulls from Sumatra; and that the skulls of males and females in Borneo are of essentially the same size, the males showing, however, more variation. In the Sumatran series, on the contrary, the skulls of females average larger than do those of the males. The relationship of the present series of kanchils from southwestern Borneo with Tragulus hosec (Bonhote)? of northern Borneo is not at all clear. The latter species is represented in the National Museum by the type of 7’. virgicollis Miller * and two poor skins, badly made up and much discolored by a salt-and-alum pickling fluid, from north- ern Borneo. The skulls of these three specimens are indistinguishable from skulls of 7’. kanchil or T. kanchil longipes. The skins, however, show the nape stripe to be darker, narrower, and better defined than it is in any of the Sumatran or west Bornean specimens. The Mount Dulit specimen has rather long hind feet; the hind feet of the other two from north Borneo appear shorter, but reliable measurements can not be taken from them. At present, judging by the material at hand, I believe that three forms of small Tragulus occur in Sumatra and Borneo: 7’. kanchil kanchil, from northern and western Sumatra; 7’. kanchil longipes, from the swampy lowlands of eastern Sumatra and the swampy low- lands of western and southwestern Borneo; 7’. kanchil hosei, from northern Borneo. (For measurements see table, p. 68.) TRAGULUS CARIMATZ Miller. 1906. Tragulus carimatx Mituer, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 55, July 23, 1906. Four specimens of a kanchil taken on Pulo Panebangan may be referred to Tragulus carimate Miller. The skins average darker and the nape stripe wider and darker than they do in specimens from the mainland of Borneo. Of the four specimens only one is adult. It 1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, p. 630, September 14, 1908. Type-locality, Pulo Bengkalis, off east coast of Sumatra. 2Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 11, p. 239, March 1903. 3 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 16, p. 37, March 19, 1903. 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. , VoL. 40. has the long maxillary tooth-row of 7. carimate. Sixteen specimens from Karimata in 1904. Measurements of the adult, Cat. No. 145352, male: Head and body, 475 mm.; tail, 78; hind foot, including hoofs, 125; weight, 2.2 kilos; condylo-basal length of skull, 90.2; zygomatic width, 44.1; maxillary tooth-row, alveoli, 35. , Measurements of adult kanchils. = ' EI s Ss EB ne = o aq = . q Bo ~ Cata- ee en aa/ 8 3 = Name. Locality. logue Sex. B PSY) ea E So No. = ote cover | ae} ll 2 q Om oO, } ics a & aie | 8 la uo) Satya ee) Om ines si) 2S | 2) Se 3 ° pm Cie |e | elo nN | mm.|mm.| mm.|kilos.; mm, | mm. | mm. 143488 | Male....| 442 | 75 | 123 | 1.7 | 86.0 | 43.0 | 31.7 143489 |...do..... 456 | 70 | 126 | 1.5 | 87.4 | 43.3 | 32.0 143492 |...do....- 445 | 65 | 116 | 1.7 | 84.0 | 43.5 | 30.6 143497 |...do..... 460) ||| 70s 1225 |e 87.5 | 48.3 | 33.0 143493 | Female..| 470 | 80 | 125 | 1.8 | 88.6 | 45.0 | 33.3 143494 |...do..... 450:'| 70} 120 |..... 88. 25 teeee 30.5 143495 |...do....- 455 | 75 | 114] 1.9 | 90.3 | 44.7 | 34.4 143496 |...do....- 490 | 85 | 128) 2.2 | 92.2 | 45.7 | 32.9 143498 |...do..... 457 TAU | AVAL We 89.9 | 438.2 | 32.9 143499 |...do....- 470 | 80 | 124 | 2.2 | 91.4 | 42.9 | 32.2 114419 | Male....} 432 75 | 117 | 1.6 | 84.4 | 40.6 | 31.7 114420) |So adores. 442 | 95 | 129 | 1.6 | 85.9 | 41.8 | 32.7 114427 |...do....- 430 | 70 | 123 | 1.6 | 87.0 | 41.7 | 33.0 114426 |...do..... 425 | 60 | 121 | 1.5 | 85.8 | 41.6} 31.3 114421 | Female..| 468 | 80 | 128 | 1.8 | 88.7 | 42.4 | 32.2 1442290 Pe sdorees= 457 | 80 | 128] 1.8 | 86.6 | 42.2 | 33.4 44230 Sead oseee 470 75 | 121 | 1.8 | 84.4 | 41.4 | 31.5 | 114424 |...do..-.-. 465 | 70 | 122 | 1.8 | 87.5 | 42.5 | 33.8 MEO Rano ERs 55\55aec|ssecslles585|lsac0n 87.3 | 39.9 | 32.0 Tan OSCtseneee eee Borne: Kinabatangan | 42393 | Male....|.....|-..-- 4126 | 7.252 92.4 | 46.5 | 31.3 iver. IW@}snooqsesacace Borneo, Sandakan.....- 49362 | Female .|.....|...-- saa eee 87.7 | 43.0 | 33.0 DOM eeeckea2e50 Borneo, Mount Dulit....| 583941 | Male....|.....].-.-- 133) ss cawino ees pees eee T.k. longipes......-- Borneo, Kapuas River. .| 142348 |...do..... AS2 Renee 135 | 2.2 | 88.2 | 43.6 | 34.3 IDX, Seg ocoseeare Borneo, Sempang River.’ 145354 |...do...-| 475 | 77 | 142 | 1.9 | 86.4 | 43.5 | 32.8 d ows TE AAU eee 92.4 | 43.8 | 30.4 75 | 139 | 1.6 | 84.1 | 41.7 | 30.2 77 | 144 | 2.0 | 91.4 | 42.1 | 32.8 60))| 189) 22522 88.0 | 41.2 | 30.4 60) 133s een. 84.9 | 43.4 | 29.9 10} | 1483 Fen. 93.8 | 43.9 | 31.0 Tos 140 sleeeee 86.3 | 41.7 | 30.0 xc ae US WARY Noe see 85.4 | 40.3 | 33.8 IDO) cconseedosue Bone, Kendawangan | 153740 | Male....) 450 | 75 | 181 |.-..- 89.9 | 42.9 | 32.2 iver. DOs escremteeicies ete eee Ob ye ecient ceeece eee 53742) |eendobes.r 445) | ifonlloon sees 87.5 | 42.0 | 33.8 DORs see csemaaleseee dovseabsteee sade 15374472 22d0rccs. 445) 6d 130) hese 88.3 | 42.5 | 31.7 DOe es <2 ninie)-|e == Ole Sad ncensadosneccs 6153748 |...do....- 450 | 85 /1133 |....- 92.2 | 42.4 | 32.4 IDG Ree eeeenetred sancae OO emo s Soe ea 6153752 |. -do....- 455u|e 60) |b koosleeaee 84.2 | 40.8 | 29.4 DOnGea oastecre| see 6 lo ee erie ees 15 S754 Pee GO see eau ecl ence | seeets eee 81.5 | 40.3 | 29.9 IDG seenocosecoed atc. GOue cease Jae 153739 | Female..| 465 | 75 | 127 |..... 88.8 | 40.6 | 34.0 IDG ee amseme eee beags Govin’ vemsencceeeene L53s7AbuEadolenee AQP (Goi 2o nl esas 82.5 | 40.4 | 30.4 DORIS oe ceeeen oes ce CO Ro eee ate carte ee nw W5STA9N | eed Ob seee eee eeeee 135) |eecee 88.4 | 41.8 | 32.2 IDG BE a aasceaorad| Boeoe dosseee shoo Seesocer 15375 1m eeadossees 460). 75 128i ees 87.7 | 43.0 | 32.6 ID OSs mee tec Borneo; Balik Papan | 154350 | Male...-| 460 | 85 | 126 |...-- 89.0 | 44.0 | 32.4 ay. 1 Collector’s measurements. 2 Measured by writer. 3 Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed to kilograms. 4 Measurements only approximate. 5 Type of Tragulus virgicollis, 6 Skulls only. NO. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 69 RUSA BROOKEI (Hose). 1893. Cervus brookei Hosr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 12, p. 206. 1906. Rusa brookei, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 585, December 18, 1906. 1907. Rusa brookei, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 550, December 24, 1907. Twenty-three individuals of Rusa brookei are represented in Doctor Abbott’s recent collections from southwestern and southeastern Bor- neo, sixteen of them by antlers obtained from natives, and four by skins and skulls, and the remaining three by skulls and scalps. Two specimens were obtained along the Kapuas River in 1905. (For exact localities and the external, cranial, and antler measurements see tables, p. 70.) It is possible that more than one species is represented by this material. The skulls of the male specimens from southeastern Bor- neo average somewhat smaller than the skull of a fully adult male from the Sempang River. The skins of those from southeastern Borneo are decidedly different from that obtained in southwestern Borneo, but the difference is probably one of pelage. It is seen most clearly on the lower back. In the Sempang skin the color appears uniformly dark brownish, although the hairs are very light in color at the base; none of the hairs are annulated. In the specimens from southeastern Borneo the color is very bright and ‘‘reddish,’’ and a distinct grizzling is conspicuous. The individual hairs are almost whitish at their bases, gradually changing to a dark brownish about the middle portion, followed by a well-marked bright hazel ring and a blackish terminal band. A more or less well-defined blackish-brown stripe extends along the back of the animal. The pelage difference appears to be independent of season. The three specimens showing the grizzling were collected in February, April, and November, respectively; the dark ungrizzled skin was collected in August. The single specimen from Pulo Laut shows no noteworthy differ- ence from the mainland individuals. Generally common, especially about Pamukang Bay. Those found on Pulo Laut had much finer horns than those on the mainland. Two heads obtained at Pamukang Bay have extremely poor horns, but they are certainly not immature. Probably the food is better on Laut. There is good pasturage there. The carcasses of deer from both places are about the same size.—W. L. A. 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. External and cranial measurements of Bornean sambars. =) hal a F 3 Re a: a eee Cata- g 5 sell we rs Locality. logue Sex Age. & Pe eI 45/3 No. od + ~~ 2 a — — 5 s| 2 | 3/4 eae s = » ee = ao) ma 1g a ‘Sh 4] ro) ates 3 = joy s rz Sb CP) ) {| o a Gs ag q a | q q = S) a iN mm. |mm.| mm.) mm. \kilos.| mm.) mm.) mm. Sempang River....... 145369 | Male....)| Nearly adult -.| 1,720 | 320 | 570 980i} tees 339 | 107 | 124 eS SaeaEe ane 145370 |...do..... KGuilt ee eeaee ales Ba pidtecsclek =. lay ies 364 | 103 | 134 Saratok River........ 151859 | Female#}.._.. do. 1,780 | 290 | 540 | 1,050 | £91 | 338 | 104 | 138 Pamukane Bays.ssa-4|e lol S60) Malet ssi @ deems oe |e |e eel | Se eee 333 | 90] 133 D : 1518618 Sand oseee Adult, young.| 1,600 | 240 | 480 | 1,040 |..... 320 | 103 | 136 154382 | Female .|..... do 1,670 96} 134 151858 |/...do..... Adult 97 | 136 RUSA KUHLII (Miiller and Schlegel). 1839-44. Cervus kuhlii MiLueER AND ScuHLeGen, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. Bezitt., p. 223. Three pairs of antlers of this small deer were brought back by Doctor Abbott, from the island of Bawean, the type-locality. (For measurements see the last three specimens mentioned in the table below.) Measurements of antlers of Sambars from Borneo and Pulo Bawean. Cireum- | Circum- | Length | Burr to Cata- | ference of| ference of| of antler | tip of Locality. logue. antler antler along | brow tine No. above above |convexity|along con- burr. |browtine.| of curve. | vexity mm.? mm.? mm.* mm.? Upper Senmipante Riverssse ye eee eee eee 145369 | 80 (8)| 65 (8)| 281 (8)} (9) (8) EDO Bee ees ee oye Cen ea en See ta 145370 | 154 143 | 109 102 | 370 406 | 122 115 PoloyBatwalesce 4.2 50.-a sso erent 153773 | 146 147 | 107 107 | 412 410 | 234 236 Kendawanganthiverz ioe sce ee an seen 153774 | 175 178 | 131 1380 | 409 395 | 128 122 164 160] 118 115 | 435 442 | 208 217 136 135] 100 95 | 394 405 | 215 212 112 111] 93 90) 4385 423 | 167 161 172 177 | 102 105 | 415 407 | 200 187 145 146 | 122 116 | 416 405 | 235 239 145 142) 160 103 | 496 467 | 147 188 WL 75) 122, @t)| 450 195 | 215 G4) 163 163 | 108 103 | 466 440 | 245 248 220 (18)| 178 (8) |.445 (13)] 218 (13) 200 204 | 167 170 | 4382 485 | 205 233 167 163 | 148 146 | 545 562 | 200 195 25S RAPE SeE NORE Ans ee im ghee aoe See S 151857 | 157 167 | 110 110} 436 435 | 240 230 legzhaalibiltezh ald 8 {hy Aa ete ae eee eran le | hile n 14151860 | 98 98} 82 81] 319 341] 68 60 Cah ESD SASH rose aS eee mete eee ane 151861 | 101 100) 85 81) 287 274] 105 95 UippemRasinyRivenss tesa saan stern ne 154413 | 172 173 | 189 139 | 438 435 | 6) 255 Saratai Raver. iacc oes saa leet nee aaa 154414 | 150 149 | 120 112 | 472 485] 185 172 iBaweanslslandeesscar cnc cee re eee eae 151853 | 95 95] 62 64] 324 315] 118 110 DO) Seyi se ee eee oe RS Hie Ranta ai 151854 | 112 115) 75 75) 372 874] 192 165 ED) Os Ss ey eS ea RR ME ek 151855 | 102 105 | 70 70} 354 358] 142 136 1 Collector’s measurements. 10 A bsent. *Collector’s figures in pounds computed to kilo- grams. 8 Last molars about half way through alveoli. 4Embryo in uterus. 5 Estimated by collector. 6 Gutted. 7 First figure, left antler; second, right antler. 8 Broken off. 11 Spike antler on right side. 12 A two pointed tine. 13 A left dropped antler only. M4 Fully adult as judged by toothwear, but note small size of antlers. 15 Antlers deformed. 16 Broken. ®Tmmature, last molars just coming through, brow tine alone present. Tip of apical tine to its no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. val MUNTIACUS PLEIHARICUS Kohlbrugge. 1896. Cervulus pletharicus KouiBruaer, Natuurk Tijdschr. Nederlandsch- Indié, vol. 55, p. 192, and plate facing p. 260. Type-locality, Pleihari, southeastern Borneo. In 1906! I described as new a muntjac from the island of Banka, comparing it with specimens of Muntiacus moschatus from Sumatra, and with three Bornean muntjacs. At that time I assumed that there was only one species of muntjac on Borneo and used Kohl- brugge’s name pletharicus for it, thinking that the antlers he figured were slight variations from the normal type and having seen a pair of similar looking antlers from Tenasserim. Two of those Bornean specimens are females and the third is a pair of antlers from the Sakaiam River. With the much more abundant material that has been collected by Doctor Abbott in Borneo, I quite agree with Kohlbrugge that two distinct forms of muntjac occur on Borneo, and now consider that the two female specimens were correctly identified as M. pleiharicus in 1906, but that the single pair of antlers do not represent M. pleiharicus but belong to a species to be described below and of which the Banka animal is merely a slightly smaller geographic race. Doctor Abbott secured six specimens of Muntiacus pleiharicus, three from southwestern and three from southeastern Borneo; one young female, two immature males, and three adult males. The antlers of the adult males represent a much more extreme type than do those figured by Kohlbrugge. It is not improbable, however, that they are newly-formed antlers, although the bone forming them looks fully mature and as if they had not been recently covered with velvet. The following is a description of M. pleiharicus based on Doctor Abbott’s specimens: General color of the animal a light, dull ochraceous, somewhat like ochraceous-buff, darker and brighter along the middle line of the back and neck, where there is a considerable admixture of a brown somewhat like Prout’s forming an indistinct dorsal line; ears dull brownish on the outside, whitish on the inside; bases of ears similar to adjacent portions of head; chin, under side of neck, inner side of fore legs, and inguinal region whitish to cream-buff; hind legs and outer side of fore legs similar to the general pale ochraceous head and body color, except for a slight admixture of brownish along the lower legs, most marked on the fore legs; tail whitish, with a narrow dorsal stripe of dark brownish slightly mixed with ochraceous. Compared with the other species of Bornean muntjac, Cat. No. 151863, adult male from Pamukang Bay, MV. pleiharicus is very dif- ferent. The general color of the other is a bright reddish-brown, —_—. 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 582, December 24, 1906. 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 40. very similar to Ridgway’s ferruginous, with a fine black grizzle, while the legs are dark brownish, in marked contrast to the ochraceous legs of M. pletharicus. There are three good adult male skulls of WM. pletharicus, each of them with little short spike antlers terminating much longer, slender pedicles. Unlike the antlers figured by Kohlbrugge, none of them show burrs. The length of the antlers vary between 22 and 35 mm., decidedly shorter than those figured by Kohlbrugge. The skulls of the other two males are immature, showing long, slender pedicles of soft, spongy bone, with as yet no differentiation of the tip into hard antler substance. The most striking characters of the skull of M. pletharicus are its smaller size and shorter and much slenderer antler pedicles. In addition to these, it differs in several minor details, such as extensive articulation of the upper extremity of the premaxilla with the nasal instead of just meeting the nasal; superior portion of the lachrymal, above the large pit, much narrower, the anterior supero-external surface of the malar narrower and more pointed; the arch over the posterior nares not smooth and rounded but marked by a more or less well-defined, rounded ridge, part of the basisphenoids; and inter- parietal about twice as wide as it is long, instead of about three times. The teeth of the two forms of Bornean muntjac donot show any striking differences; they are about the same size in the two species, hence relatively larger in M. pleiharicus. (See pl. 1, figs. 2 and 4, and pl. 2, upper figure.) (For external and cranial measurements, see table below.) External and cranial measurements of Bornean muntjacs. ) “, rr a bo 5 D , S S8 (/e\s Cata- Ss 3 =a/3/3 Name. Locality. logu Sex. Age. S g a3 S|F No. = as a Rom) b A>) ql Sil Say Sem Opa eee lies 3 © | + 4 14 Sy me eee erect syne vee S| || — a) a Ke) ta rs) 3 etal Eesha ea o |8 a | po iS) B | eS ailing mm. |mm.|mm.| mm.| kilos. |\mm. |mm\mm M. pleiharicus. . ond ay anean 153769 | Female .| Young3.| 820 | 170 | 270 | 490 | 10 147 835 | 62 iver. Don eee=e2=| 2-008 dose. sas 153740))| Miale-=2-|5--do:422- |) 913) | 170), 272) |easee 13 158 |447 | 75 DOs a ensean esas s doles: 1537/10 ee donasss Olde eres ea Seen Manes | See eee 171 | 46 | 77 DOs he Kiu mpang | 151862 |...do..... Adult...| 905 | 170 | 275 | 520 | 16 178 | 57 | 82 ay. ID OMe se iP an ukang | 151864 |...do..... Young‘.} 850 | 185 | 270 | 525 | 59 166 |447 | 73 ay. 1DYO) RopeR SSB ees Gow eased: 154384 |...do..... Adult...} 900 | 150 | 272 | 540 | 14.5 | 167 | 52] 78 IME RUDIdUs s- Se lees doit ees - |§151863 |...do..... pa Onee ee 1,000 | 170 | 290 | 580 |516.3 | 186 | 54} 88 DOs e ee Pulo Mata Siri | 154383 | Female .|...do.-.-.. 1,006 | 150 | 254 | 518 | 25 185 | 54 | 88 M. bancanus...| Banka........ 6124726 |...do..... eed Oeenee 920 | 120 | 235 | 450 | 14 177 | 54] 74 WOES SS ete eee (0 Ke earners 124752 |...do..... ae Oneeee 970 | 110 | 250 | 470 |719 179 | 55 | 77 1 Collector’s measurements. 2 Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed to kilograms. 8 Second and third molars not through alveoli. 4 Last molars not through alveoli. £ Gutted. 6 Type. 7 Uterus contained a nearly mature embryo. No.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 73° MUNTIACUS RUBIDUS, new species. 1907. Muntiacus pletharicus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 550, Decem- ber 24, 1907. (One pair of antlers from the Sakaiam River.) Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 151863, U.S.N.M., collected at Pamukang Bay, southeastern Borneo, March 20, 1908, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5907. Diagnostic characters —A medium-sized member of the genus, much larger and darker in color than Muntiacus pleiharicus of Borneo, smaller than MM. moschatus of Sumatra, and closely resembling M. bancanus' of Banka, but slightly larger and with darker and longer legs. Color.—Type: General color of upper parts of body hazel, richer and darker in the median line and over the hind quarters, everywhere with a fine blackish grizzle, on the shoulders the hazel paling almost to ochraceous; neck a mixture of dull tawny ochraceous and blackish, the two colors about equally mixed on the sides, and the blackish in excess above; face dull brownish; top of head bright hazel; outer surface of ears dull hazel, except blackish margins; inner surface of ears whitish; covering of pedicles hazel, with a conspicuous black line running down them and continued down on the face over the eyes; sides of head similar to sides of neck; chin and upper portion of throat whitish; underside of neck generally clay color with darker grizzling; middle line of chest and upper belly brownish, something like hair brown, lightening laterally to drab, which gradually blends with the grizzle of tawny ochraceous and blackish of the sides of the body; inguinal and axillary regions whitish, the light color extending part way down the inner side of the legs; outer side of forelegs black- ish brown, a narrow area on inner side tawny ochraceous, a small indistinct tawny ochraceous spot above each half hoof; hind legs somewhat darker than forelegs, the inner side being lighter only as far as the heel, a very ill-defined tawny spot above each half hoof; tail deep rich hazel above, white on the sides and below. Antlers.—Normal for the genus, those on the type rather smaller than usual, and the left one injured. (See pl. 3, figs. 1 to 7, pl. 1, figs. 1 and 3, and pl. 2, lower figure.) Skull and teeth—The skull of Muntiacus rubidus is at once dis- tinguished from that of M. pleiharicus by its much larger size, stouter antler pedicles, and a marked concavity on its dorsal aspect at the posterior end of thenasals. It is, however, very similar to the skull of M. bancanus, the main distinguishing characters being larger size and shorter antero-posterior diameter of the interparietal. The teeth in M.rubidus have about the same size that they do in M. bancanus 1 Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 582, December 18, 1906. 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. and hence are relatively smaller. (See pl. 1, figs. 1 and 3, and pl. 2, lower figure.) Measurements.—See table, p. 72. Specimens examined.—Two, the type and an adult female, Cat. No. 154383, from Pulo Mata Siri, and the frontlets and antlers of twenty specimens, one from the Sakaiam River and nineteen from the Kendawangan River. Remarks.—Muntiacus rubidus is very distinct from the other Bornean muntjac, and is very readily separable from the larger Sumatran animal. It closely approaches the muntjac of Banka, of which it is scarcely more than a subspecies. This is another illustra- tion of the close relation existing between the animals of Borneo and Banka. I have referred the adult female from Pulo Mata Siri to M.rubidus, because the skulls of the two specimens are almost exactly alike. The skin of the Mata Siri specimen, however, is lighter in color, and the legs are not nearly so dark. I can not believe that the muntjac on Mata Siri is indigenous, but think it must have been brought rather recently to the island from the mainland of Borneo. SUS “VITTATUS.” 1906. Sus vittatus, MILLER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, p. 748, June 13, 1906. Two pigs of the Sus vittatus groups were collected on Bawean Island. Neither of them is fully mature. The older, Cat. No. 151841, has the last molars not quite level with the rest of the tooth- row; the younger, Cat. No. 151840, has the last molars just breaking through the alveoli. The skull measurements of the two specimens are respectively: Upper length of skull, 330, 290; zygomatic width, 132, 120; parietal constriction, 37, 31; maxillary toothrow, 108, Me SO. LUA Os pele xe. : SUS BARBATUS Miiller. 1839. Sus barbatus MititER, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol., vol. 5, p. 149. (Type-locality, Banjermassing. ) 1906. Sus barbatus, MituER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, p. 739, June 13, 1906. 1907. Sus barbatus, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p.550, December 24, 1907. In addition to the six skulls of Sus barbatus obtained from the natives along the Landak River in 1905, Doctor Abbott has since obtained twenty-nine adult specimens of this pig from Borneo, and adjacent islands. (See tables on pp. 76 and 77 for a list of these speci- mens, with their external and cranial measurements.) The four adult specimens from Pulos Pelapis and Panebangan average some- what smaller than specimens from the mainland, and their teeth show relatively more wear in proportion to their age, as judged by skull sutures. I can find no satisfactory structural characters by which they may be distinguished from mainland animals. The — No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 75 excessive wear of the teeth on these island specimens is probably due to some difference in the character of the food on the island as com- pared with the Bornean mainland. One of the females had four fetuses in utero, another seven, one nine, one ten, and another eleven. One female had seven young with her. Very common about Pamukang Bay. Have never been in a place where pigs were as common as in some localities in this district. For some reason I got only three boars, but the sows with their young simply abounded. Twice while the schooner was anchored at Tanjong Kramet droves of pigs attempted to swim across Klumpang Bay. I was absent up river at the time. My Malay skipper went after them in a small boat and bagged an old boar with a club. On the other occasion thirteen pigs swam close to the vessel, but no boat was available and they passed without molesta- tion. Sometimes they get into kelongs (fish fykes) at low tide. The sows appear to go in gangs of three to five, both when pregnant and when they have their young. It appears to take most of their time to procure suflicient food when suckling, for I met with these gangs roaming about nearlyall day. Sus gargantua does not appear to occur in this district (Klumpang Bay region). No one had ever seen or heard of it. ep all eee LT ae 8 ST Or II LI GT G8 c'6 rf) Uae | Senge ephe Lae ees = a rons WOTOIIYSUOD [RJoIv 08 61 89 69 99 GL 92 6 cL 99 9 19 UD Can | ee ie eae see UIPVelq [B}IGIO19} UI ySBe'T COL 691 6FT CST TST 9°T 891 19T LI cal CST PPT Giese es ae ae ee Ujpveiq oeuL0s4Z 6 1G 08 oe 0g te Te 6G 8% 9% 76 8 eats wet SS Ead ae Ul JO JUOIT YR OVeTed JO YIpPIM 4svorT PL cL 19 TZ &L TZ 82 GL GL 19 G9 89 (italia Ss pas eran oe el Sutpnyour ‘ajeyed Jo UPI oS 6F 6P oF SF i ¢ Lb Lg 6P oF 1g (S| eee a anes games ee StS wd 4e ayeped JO YIPIM LIE fake £66 862 68 618 TEL Ca coe ae cs 982 G63 £6 Sen SESS ok ee Se gee a qysug] [21 e[eI 08¢ GLE 698 cece 298 £88 288 C68 &Le ose 998 9FE (Sas Ee || ae eae a ae aaa qsu9] Ie[Iseg 00F 868 SLE &LE st €0F OF Lip 168 028 918 o9¢g 1S) Creed (acinar 9a ae mais Segre een 2 qysug] [ese Lys Files Lev | Ger | Teh | Ser ie Ah 2 ea 8th | Sah | «G0 BGP vel UU ae ede, TMys Jo yysusy Jedd Beas | eS ey sl (mem me ia Sates oe el (pe ae [go ee Pale ac (ee i py (rea Tae 18 £9 $9 G5 pa |e SO] Pg acne ates eee = SUIS O[ Pe LATO IO AAG abe pes wal iiperas oa Mees eee 5 |fene Sela ee een een os re [Godse ee SLT Se OFT Reon fn | SC eens ei ed seer SPUNOCUL ATO AN cae aaa Nae a eel (ete OSL pacman OGL, #e Dense eee ea eens. (OGL OLL OIL Per oe LO en oe eee COD NOUS BAU stor CH nl a a nee teas OCS te ales eee OTe Res sso Ses is sas ore b0E 066 Die Nee ees pp ULL ASS Stes Saoirse Seas ee 100} pul ORGh Sal eae al Sees OOGy mlecnme tal lien iced sli hoe alan cee 0Sz 0Sz CoG eOGGes alee anaes 5 TULUL oy agg ney oa ema ae «TIL OCS als a cateall =: sags (Hee Oy ae |S (ha nae OTN S27 aoa ROL aL MOTP. Te a ieence ee PaCS Sane eae ie "***,Apoq pue peoH Pare eral meraale seca oH a fol selene bea Mure el ce la mod Weed Bie © efile gassed. 5 ati2eHa Q8i\s8O Q GS) 4+5e] PH OB IH HOE BRS | seen se ealsecalsoGs| soe |SBes] sees |SBS8/SES8) SBeq 2225 sao | S285 |EESE By “e |S—" Bae BIBS Sa] BLS |Be sae |Pe Biss 6) Bas [bas BES Sela. a s- 4 Ria. Pols elle oar Sy iSSi=— Ih 2 ale =| = © |" Opo| Bs | 4 gud| a5 2 Sege%e| =. | S88] 225/2222| 238) 332] 338] 288/208 | 2278 |e, 38 suorsuom a5 Be pape eee ee e oe etN esr ev eate (See erel = eS | Se BES | Be Sige 425 See ee ied lS tore seep gerd eertateel eiettaeg|| ete) eS eglie a tegh| Cag | Beale Se Oe. bd qee) Set Bs 58 Soe SoH Bae Bas Bes cea} Onach one 4a Bsa Se | ORai seme ae 2e e ea Sea See | sed) Sia) ges | Ceca aie S38] ess PSo PS | G55) FSS| gio} es) G88) FSS) SRS) SSS) ESS) Ges PSs) SRB| gss 76 ‘OauLog UWoLf snjDg.ng sng ajyput fo syuawmainsvapyy 77 MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. ‘NO. 1809. ‘payin t “SJTMOULOINSBOUL §,10}D][0D Sele ee Oon soc Ole en NOl cGculen I XPe |p seul Sls pe | SE xGe IhOT pes STexRee il T kay ONO Tex BONO XO pallisssmmmeniss is ae ce Gann Ninn | Sanam ame Te[OUL IOMOT PITY, DESIG GE GGn MTG OD PoOLasee Gh cowl Obra! Giexsee | eb eees | ORs ORX te, | GRXCGuKGh Xion Olea lees sae sete haces ns Omens ee sa alae IB[OUL IOMOT PUODEg £61 OTT Tél zat 9II SIT COL 6IT GCL OZI €II TIGL 9IT US) Weis | teen ae ae gine: Sem er mm Sate a AOIG}00} IeNqIpuepL CGEPE 0G X88 16 Xe Co SSE Co kSe 6h 08 | I6X PS) 06 =X SS OCK TS |-ST KOE: | OCKSE | TERPS: OLX SS | SSR OG sas a ee iejour Jeddn pity, CG ASV Gan aS EMG OMS Gn SLOG: OG Xoo le Li exGGu|| OG Gail Sk Xia) | SL XPos lees | GL keer |tSl Seoul Sle eoa OGRGcr|s cans ceeeans aamue ones) sea nny cr gine os ivjour Joddn puodeg Gol €or 961 831 zal 9IT 961 GCL COL 8ZI POL L6L erat eee “all es Sk ee SS a ose eee MOIY}00} AIVITIXeTT OE TOE TI 6G GE FIg 808 lata 10E £63 96% 066 SOE CEG eae ace San RED cee ae oe ee es SC nT Ce ~ o[qIpueyy CI IT Clie Wee Se 6IT SII 021 FOr PIT SIT €0T ZOT CIT COT weg Sateen wee: eee aa ans cae uolseq 07 YyIdap TeItd1000 002 11Z 00 681 rat SST 861 O12 261 SST 002 S61 02% (qe eal sees ts (Ceabe eh Saeki e SEER OSes sjesvu Jo Sue, oe rE ee 66 gg eg 1g 0g 0g LZ rE 6G Te CON anor ee vtxeuromd Jo Ayuter}xe Ioj1ojsod 4B yypBorq [eseN fm fa |S So peat ne ee GFT 681 reat O&T FST CFT 6FT ZEI gl S&T OFT raat 681 CGT cael Cas Sigua ak mes saa res nice meee a aaa UIpvoiq oyeurosAz 61 9% 9% 16 63 8% GZ 6% 1% & 0g GG ZG RES Sl pate ae eee el JO JUOI] v oYLTed Jo TPL 4svarT o |e is |@ |& |@ je |@ [8 |e Je je |B jg faccehcc ce NatD ge one o Gra T 4 6 P ¢ Pe SR |e ee ee Se ee 1 TM LLB 89% €1Z 99 68% 813 883 16% (ake 89 LG 193 98% BOG: Sas ogee Sat ea ona Ree ea ae ee yysuey [eeeq Ee ogg ChGies [Rs eas ss LFS EEE ore LES | $ze 0zE SZE 80g OFE GOR SESE sage sas Sat nckear soo, eatin gegen a oar ae Asus] IepIseg ace Tg¢ 1G ie ay) RRS 99¢ egg 29g Vhs LS OFE LPS Zee 09¢e PREG. Ilia eee Sete: pea ae ae eee Sy Sues aan eee YSU] [eseg 16 00F 16 coe OF C68 868 SIF | OSE SLE Sle 89g ae Leh ae PAG tele Sead oeo aaa eee MEER ue faa ean pear 19 i re aea| P catten aeae |lercabe oll choses gad |e ce Pall tee 9¢ 1g 1g ie hee ck wea el | Bay, Re SAS aes oa date ee Gale ie a ULL I T TOM 2B Be Cel SS REST REBRCES | Pan Re) Weg Sc) a are eae aaa [0-12 921 921 BERICHT ATT a hab ae | et SO lena i aia ons ere cence cabnse SDULOCEUTY STON 002 OSL O92. a \is teen OLL QSOS Mes sss 029 ORO sree, as ce 099 089 OFL ae (2 a et nak eta Bee ee Ca “x Joprnoys 4e yqsTOH GSS €1Z 06Ge dles= see 08% C8Z 0LZ 062 08% 08% 012 69% CSC" Tnlpasmtae NOURULES Sopa: ee geal Sane ae ae ER ~~ 100} pul OT | O1Z (NA el Eases ose | OST OF |: 026 UI WeOb Cre 11 "OlG rte OGG. me OTC. sel? es. |e CRU he laa Aa eae epee x T&L GLP ‘T (SE NORTE Reese ee OOF een CZ ee TeROGSS Tes || secu aan OOS ET RCOSaT en ROCE utes inOLCls al POP lee |mrner me CUE ee 95, aes Sia Aaa a omnes ana “--", £poq puv pte les) los} kg Lac] nm ty A Le] Aw Ww A A as) wn 4POL/erQhlg sorle sore soklesorlasOr| aPorlaro-jarorig@re-| Hos |aszelere? SEPrSgPrE: PEREPSIESPS|EC PE SERS S85 EFE/gE FE Saes| ERE G55) ERE HOt rele Dy Pleo lta Oy ta OB le ety Sara: lr See tepay = “6a2\Sa le Sol ~ Wels e ARIS ars weer) Si) Swe] Pd) Peis De) soe | Bees? 2 ; ° ° om|/d of obiSoson of ° of ox | BS" B Sirs. otb SuOIsueUT aPs| S°slss° pigs’ sigs elas so) S°5| a°m| 3°95) 2°5/38o5 ae | agi oo fae) es PSP SP Sel Bee) SS) Beal Se! Sen | ase | Sahl ee : : : : fic a ac] She) Boel Bee Bec] Bee Bes) Ees| See] Bes) Eey| Ske) cio] BBs BOS) GAS] e535) o23| ONS) FEs| Ges| BSS) Gen) FRx) SkS| PSs) Ger 285 *ponurju0j)—oauiog wouf snqnqung sng aynwuaf fo sjuawmainsnayy 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. IOMYS LEPIDUS, new species. Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 153684, U.S.N.M., collected at Batu Jurong, southwestern Borneo, June 27, 1908, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 6005. Diagnostic characters—Related to lomys thomson. (Thomas) * from which it differs in its smaller size. Color.—Type: General color of upper parts of head and body, of upper surface of parachute, and of outer surface of fore and hind legs dark, hair brown, irregularly and finely lined with the buffy or cream buff subterminal annulations of the hairs, the buffy color darker and the annulations wider about the sides and the shoulders; under surface of parachute and inner side of forelegs bright ochraceous buff, under surface of neck and body, and inner surface of hind legs, and scrotum, pinkish buff, a small spot on chin whitish; upper surface of tail an indefinite brownish color, but much ‘‘reddened” by the showing through of the ochraceous to ochraceous-rufous of the hairs of the underside of tail; underside of tail nearly a clear, but rather dull ochraceous-rufous; sides of head and neck, below eye and ear, buffy to ochraceous-buff; inner side of ears with only a few short hairs, not enough to color them, outer side of ears nearly naked on distal half, basal half with hairs colored like those on top of head. Measurements.—External: Type, Cat. No. 153684, from Batu Jurong and paratype, Cat. No. 151792, young adult male, from Klumpang Bay, and those of the type of Jomys thomsont, respectively : Head and body, 190, 189, 231 mm.; tail, 190, 176, 199; hind foot with claws, 38, 40, 40.5. Cranial measurements: Greatest length of skull, 42.7, 42.3, 46. 5; basilar length, 32.5, 33.5, 37; greatest broaden 27.4, 529.63 leven of meee 13, 12.2, 13; upper cheek teeth, 8.7, 9.3, 922: Specomens excamined.—Two. Remarks.—While Iomys lepidus is closely related to J. thomson, yet its smaller size serves to distinguish it. In color both forms are very much alike as far as can be told without an actual comparison of specimens. J. lepidus probably ranges throughout southern Borneo, while J. thomsoni is very likely naned to the northern por- tions at the island. This squirrel was one of a pair which had a nest of leaves about 11 inches in diam- eter, in the top of a small sapling, about 20 feet from the ground. They both flew out on the tree being shaken, the male going to a large tree trunk, where he was shot. The other was lost sight of. —W. L. A. 1Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 5, p. 275, March 1900. Type-locality, Bakong River, Eastern Sarawak, Borneo. ; No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 79 LARISCUS DIVERSUS (Thomas). 1898. Funambulus insignis diversus Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 2. p- 248. September, 1898. Type-locality, Baram River, Eastern Sarawak, Borneo. Seven specimens of Lariscus collected in southern Borneo by Doctor Abbott differ in no essential respects from north Bornean specimens as described by Thomas. The latter’s remarks about the Bornean form ‘‘perhaps averaging slightly larger” than the Sumatran form does not hold good as regards the present specimens and Sumatran examples from Tarussan Bay. The Borneo skulls are distinctly smaller and more slender than are the Tarussan Bay skulls. (For measurements and exact localities of the seven specimens, see table, p. 92.) Doctor Abbott has collected four distinct forms of prevostit squirrel on the Bornean mainland. They are Sciwrus borneoensis borneoensis from the higher ground north of the Kapuas River, S. 6. palustris from the swampy region north of the Kapuas River, S. sanggaus from southwestern Borneo, south of the Kapuas River, and S. atri- capulus from southeastern Borneo. Colored illustrations of all four forms are well shown on plate 4 which was made directly from the skins. SCIURUS SANGGAUS Lyon. 1907. Sciurus sanggaus Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, No. 1577, p. 554, December 24, 1907. In addition to the original large series of squirrels of this species taken along the south bank of the Kapuas River in 1905, Doctor Abbott has secured twenty-seven others from the coast region of southwestern Borneo. (For exact localities, see table of measure- ments, p. 83.) Although the large series of specimens of this squir- rel taken as a whole are fairly uniform in coloration, yet there is a tendency toward differentiation shown by specimens from certain localities in the range of the species. Skins from Sukadana agree in every respect with those from Sanggau. One from the mouth of the Sempang River, Cat. no. 145441, and two others from the Semendang River have darker and ‘‘redder”’ shoulders than usual, in this respect being very much like the two specimens from Pulo Kubu in the orig- inal series of S. sanggaus, but not quite so dark. Nearly all the squirrels from along the Kapuas River below Sanggau have the underparts darker in color than the Sanggau and the Sukadana skins. Specimens from the Kendawangan River region have the underparts a lighter ‘‘red”’ and the shoulder area and sides of head and neck lighter in color and the white of the thighs less grizzled with black than have the Sanggau or Sukadana specimens. The different members of this species may be roughly placed in three groups: 1. The Sanggau-Sukadana specimens, typical of the species. 2. The 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. specimens from the lower Kapuas, and some from the Sempang and Semendang rivers, with darker underparts and ‘‘reddish”’ shoulders. 3. The Kendawangan River specimens with lighter underparts and shoulders, and a clearer white on the thighs. In any of the three groups a few intergrading specimens may be found. As none of the three forms has a definite range, so far as known, it does not seem advisable to recognize them by name. The characters of the Ken- dawangan River series, however, are nearly as distinctive as are those of some of the insular forms of the prevosti: group of squirrels. (For measurements, see table, p. 83.) See figure next to the bottom one on plate 4. SCIURUS ATRICAPILLUS Schlegel. 1863. Sciurus atricapillus SCHLEGEL, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 1, 1863, p. 27; Zoogdieren, pl. 2, fig. 1. Doctor Abbott collected one squirrel of the Sciurus prevostw group at Balik Papan Bay, which is referable to S. atricapillus. Mr. Miller has made the following notes on the original material of this species in the Leyden Museum: Sciurus atricapillus—Seven mounted specimens from Borneo—four from Kapuas River, one from Duson River, one from southeastern Borneo, and one from Borneo— also one skin from Liang Koeboeng, back of Pontianak. They are very uniform, and agree perfectly with a specimen of this species in Berlin. In two of the Kapuas specimens the hairs of the tail are clear black throughout except for the narrow light base; in the third adult a few light annulations can be detected; in the immature individual there is conspicuous annulation beneath the surface. This is also present in the four others to a variable extent, but never appearing distinctly at the surface unless the hairs are disarranged. Muzzle always black, usually to a little behind eyes; feet always black; red area, dark rufous, shading toward chestnut; pale side stripe cream color, 10 mm. wide; dark stripe about same width; cheeks grizzled buffy brown. Doctor Abbott’s specimen agrees in every way with the above description, as well as with the original account. The type-locality may be taken as the Kapuas River, 4° or about 270 miles east of Pon- tianak, as that locality is the first mentioned in the description and the majority of the specimens came from there. The species is seen to have quite an extensive range—from the center of the island to the southeast coast, at least. Sciurus atricapillus probably intergrades with S. caroli' and its subspecies in northern Borneo. It resembles S. caroli griseicauda in general external appearance more than any other member of the group that I have seen. The black color of the tail, of the nose, and adjacent parts of head, includ- ing an ill-defined ring about the eye, and the black feet of S. atrica- pillus serve to distinguish the two forms. (For measurements, see table, p. 83.) See bottom figure on plate 4. 1 Bonhote, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, February, 1901, p. 174. No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 81 SCIURUS BORNEOENSIS BORNEOENSIS (Miiller and Schlegel). 1907. Sciurus borneoensis bornecensis, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 552, December 24, 1907. Ten specimens from the Kapuas River region, northern bank, and inland on the higher ground, collected in 1905. See figure next to the top one on plate 4. SCIURUS BORNEOENSIS PALUSTRIS Lyon. 1907. Sciurus borneoensis palustris Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 553, December 24, 1907. Fifteen specimens from the Kapuas River region, northern bank, and in the lowlands, collected in 1905. See top figure on plate 4. SCIURUS CARIMATZ Miller. 1906. Sciurus carimate MituER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p.57, July 23, 1906. In addition to the original series of specimens collected on Kari- mata Island, Doctor Abbott secured three additional specimens in 1908. (For measurements, see table, p 83.) SCIURUS PROSERPIN& Lyon. 1907. Sciurus proserpine Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 48, No. 1659, p. 275, February 4, 1907. Since securing the two original specimens of this species in 1905, Doctor Abbott took three others from Pulo Temaju in 1907. They differ in no respects from the earlier specimens. (For measurements of the series, see table, p. 83.) The relations of this squirrel are with Sciurus bornecensis palustris and S. borneoenis borneoenis from the adjacent mainland of Borneo on the north side of the Kapuas River. This is most clearly shown by its gray tail. The squirrels of the S. prevostw group from the islands of Karimata, Pelapis, and Panebangan, with their solid black tails and brightly colored underparts, are clearly related to Sciurus sanggaus from the mainland of Borneo south of the Kapuas River. The relationships of these squirrels and the positions of the islands on which they occur would indicate that the Kapuas is an ancient river, and has long separated the gray-tailed group of squirrels from the black-tailed group, and that as the land has subsided members of the two groups have been left on the elevated portions of the land, now forming islands to the north and south of the Kapuas. The river is thus older than the islands. Should prevostit squirrels be found on Pulo Lamakotan or Pulo Kabung they would probably be found to belong to the gray-tailed group. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——6 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. SCIURUS ARMALIS, new species. Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 145420, U.S.N.M., collected on Pulo Panebangan, off west coast of Borneo, May 19, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5257. Diagnostic characters.—A member of the prevostii group of squirrels related to Sciurus carimate Miller,’ differmg in having the light shoulder area larger and practically clear gray (grizzle of black and white), without buffy admixture, and lighter colored feet. Color.—Upper parts of head and body, and entire tail, black or blackish, under parts, inner sides of fore and hind legs, dull orange- rufous to ferruginous; upper surfaces of hands and feet, ochraceous to orange buff; side stripe extending from behind shoulder to heel, white or whitish, quite pure throughout its extent, but slightly mixed with blackish along the thighs; sides of head and neck, grayish, a grizzle of blackish and whitish, the darker color predominating except about the base of whiskers which is quite light; light area of shoulder largely developed, a coarse grizzle of whitish or cream color and blackish, the lighter color much in excess; outer side of upper arm, nearly clear whitish or cream color becoming buffy toward the lower arm. Skull and teeth.—These show no special peculiarities. The audital bulle are of the type found in Sciwrus carvmate. Measurements.—For external and cranial measurements of the type and series, see table, page 83. S.armalis is one of the smaller members of the prevostii group, about like S. carimatx and S. pelapwus in size, and distinctly smaller than the form of prevostw squirrel found on the adjacent mainland of Borneo. Specimens examined.—Twelve, all from Pulo Panebangan. SCIURUS PELAPIUS, new species. Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 145417, collected on Pulo Pelapis (South Island) off west coast of Borneo, May 30, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5335. Diagnostic characters—A member of the prevostii group; very similar to Scvurus carimate Miller,! but differing in possessing a darker shoulder and larger audital bulle. Color.—Upper parts of head and body and entire tail, black or blackish; underparts, inner sides of fore and hind legs, and upper surfaces of feet and hands, dull orange-rufous to ferruginous; side stripe, extending from behind shoulder nearly to heel, whitish or cream color, quite pure throughout its whole extent, but slightly mixed with blackish along the thighs; sides of head and neck, grayish, a grizzle of blackish and whitish, the darker color being in excess, 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, No. 1481, p. 57, July 26, 1906. no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 83 except about base of whiskers which is quite light; upper arm, orange- ochraceous, which color spreads over the shoulder where it is not so clear due to showing of the dark bases of the hairs, and the admixture of some buffy hairs. Name. Se IONE S. atricapillus..- Measurements of squirrels of the prevostii group. Locality. Mouth of Sempang River... pempans RIVER Soe seectsse a Bau Jurong, southwest Borneo. here southwest Borneo. Kalang Anyar, southwest Borneo. ee southwest Borneo Mankol, southwest Borneo. Balik Papan Bay, southeast Borneo. Cata- logue No. 142284 3142285 145412 145413 145414 145415 145416 3145417 145418 145419 3145420 145421 145422 145423 145424 145425 145426 145427 145428 145429 153672 153673 153674 145430 145431 145432 145433 145434 145435 145441 145436 145437 145438 145439 145440 153657 153658 153659 153660 153661 153662 153663 153664 153665 153666 153667 153668 153669 153670 153671 154292 1 Collector’s measurements. A rs e|a|2 oO . 2/2/28 /4 “, 2 a) 3 be =“ a a S) ® uo) at Sex and age. | 8 |S bp = lie 2 z a a ° od o ~ = = = ie |e ae epost |) tae ies Shea ead ak amd od =| uo) ea uc) i 5 io) Seer feiceea (i salt asec | ee a= y= = lla Ue = Me g S 2 Ff Se Sea = 3 3 2 | 8] 2.) ig. eae re) ll EES) tees ees a 5 3 | 2 it) o Cs) AS = =| BR en] s) on] o =) N mm.) mm.| mm.) mm. | mm. | mm 3151768 | Male, adult....) 198 | 174 | 43] 47.3 | 17.0 | 28.9 151769 |..... do... 202 | 150! 461 47.3 | 16.7 | 28.0 P57 E see dOse ee seeee 195) |) 076i) 2445) 552 ee 17.0 | 28.2 154281 |..... 40 Seco seee 210 | 150 | 49) 47.8.| 17.3 |2...- 154283 |...-. (6 (oie 210 | 173 | 47) 46.5 | 17.3 | 28.7 154284 Mele young | 180 | 180 | 49] 41.6 | 16.3 | 26.2 adult. ---]-154286 | Male, adult....] 207 | 185 | 49 | 47.7 | 16.4 | 27.8 -| 151770 Female, Sault. 198 | 175 | 44 | 46.7 | 16.7 | 28.0 Sa SLs |eeeee dor -| 195 | 175 | 45 | 46.2 | 16.2 | 27.2 ay LOLS | Sarre otc Boece) fel bo loja ei lre3 46 | 46.3 | 15.6 | 27.7 =| 542825 See do.. 200 | 195 Al, | 46.85 GiieOllepeee 154285 Bou young 200 | 173 | 48 | 46.5 | 16.1 | 26.0 adult. 154287 | Female, adult.} 200 | 165 | 46 | 45.5 | 16.0 ! 27.5 3154276 | Male, old....-- 194 | 152 45 | 46.5 | 16.6 | 26.0 154277 | Male, adult....| 192 | 128 CO Bessa Specs loaook 154278 Female, young 187) 165-|" 435 |-eeese 16.3 | 25.5 adult. Dots aesescdteovse GO sesoant eee eecemieeeee V542790 eee Ol aseesrige 183 | 172 44 eens ae 16.0 | 25.2 Dobssese sales (6 (EAS Soe aaee ae rae 154280 | Female, adult.| 195 | 150 | 44 | 46.0 | 16.4 | 25.8 S. datus IPulo ND abuses pees cee 145395 | Male, adult....| 202 195 | 48 | 46.0 | 16.2 | 27.0 IDO Ro Ase aeome GOES 2 = aciclemisisle inte cron 145396 | Male, old.....- 208 | 180 48 | 47.3 | 15.6 | 27.5 ID soenaceas| babe GORE: 22 Sac eectsececiemen 145397 | Male, young | 196 | 180] 48 | 45.0 | 15.7 | 25.2 adult. DOr ac aermccleeeee 0 (0 ESS AM ONOOARAREEEC 3145393 | Female, adult.| 208 | 195 | 50 | 46.4 | 15.3 | 26.2 DD Oe oye epeizte | aimee 6 aS aa SS ENe en eee 145394 Bemale, ,young| 205 | 185 |} 47 | 45.7 | 15.3 | 25.7 adult DOs uses sacl ae GOs A etre nek ce eee cae 145398 | Female, adult.| 204 | 186 | 48 | 46.7 | 16.0 | 27.0 S.lamucotanus..| Pulo Lamukotan........... 145399 | Male, clans 225 | 185 | 49 | 50.2 | 16.5 | 29.5 DOt a eeece nl sesee OnStar ene nee see 145400 | Male, adult....| 225 | 190 | 50 | 51.8 | 18.0 | 29.5 DOSS iiss! See oe (cl Sasa oeise eae eee 145401 !..... ane ee 217) 195i" 550951527 See eee eee 1 Collector’s measurements. a ee by writer after feet had been relaxed by soaking in water 24 hours. ype No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VIOCINITY—LYON. 91 Measurements of squirrels of the vittatus group—Continued. a qd Ste iS fe Petes ale tL fe alecn| etl Cata- ort ligeit Sulu S42 Name. Locality. logue | Sexandage. | & Sy 5 =r wa) No. irl nema es Sl ee | ee eee Bee | Sle lee lea hea) [exam (a= alt eo (n= Le Sua ome | ee We ee ee |e ante ba a (ko (= mm.| mm.| mm.) mm. | mm. | mm. 145406 | Male adult....} 214 | 198 51 | 51.3 | 17.0 | 29.8 145402 | Female, adult.) 220 | 178 50 | 50.6 | 17.5 | 30.2 145403 |....- Woes = es) 220) || 158 50 | 50.8 | 17.2 | 30.0 145404 eee young} 216 | 190 | 51 | 49.8 | 18.7 | 29.6 adult. 1145405 | Female, adult.| 224 | 196 51 | 50.4 | 16.8 | 29.0 145407 | Male, adult....} 210 | 175 48 | 49.4 | 17.7 | 29.0 145408 |..-.-. do. <...----|) 212 || 190'| 50} 48.3 | 16.4 | 28.5 145409 |..-.. (Cle sSasece| 72le yah} 47 | 49.0 |] 17.5 | 28.4 145410 | Female, adult.) 215 | 185 | 49 | 48.8 | 17.3 | 29.5 DONSe e252 Sempang River......-.-... 145411 |..... wse------| 221 | 182 | 50] 51.4 | 18.7 | 30.5 IDOLS saceeae Babu Guronge. oss - 153675 | Male, imma- | 185] 180] 48 | 47.3 | 16.3 | 27.5 ture. DOES 2254565! 2205 6 (ee NE eae 153676 | Male, young | 190 | 175 47 | 45.6 | 15.2 | 27.2 adult. DOs se 6 Seal: oee Orestes een eyes 153677 | Male, adult....| 206 | 182 | 50 | 49.6 | 17.2 | 28.4 DOF esses sees (6 (ae> Sarre ete eee 15386785 Maleccscas-s.- 21S 190, |), 492 ees e|e sae clscnae Done aes e 358 Kendawangan River.....-- 153679 | Female, adult.| 215 | 180 | 47 | 47.9 | 18.4 |..... DOM ee tse OT eee sae eee 153680 |...-- do.......--| 206 | 192 | 49 | 49.0+] 16.5 | 28.1 DOssaska Kilumpang Bay .5--2---=.2- 151785 | Male.....-..-- 190) e190) |) AOE ac lEaaaculeeeee IDO) eee ees LO ree ae se eee ee 151784 | Female, adult.| 205 | 195 49 | 49.2 | 17.3 | 28.3 DOE stacey ce OMe as ae Lee LOLTSOR eee Obes eee 215 | 185 47 | 49.8 | 16.5 | 29.8 DOSE ees ban Gun ese sates ciocioicie mics 151787 | Male, adult ...} 203 | 190 | 48 | 48.0 | 17.4 | 28.4 1DXo ae ee Balik Papan Bay.....------| 154289 }..... Owes. aect 203 | 185 50 | 49.1 | 18.6 | 30.0 IDO ea ees eee Choe eter 154290 |..... doleeee- 203.}177} 51} 49.7 | 18.0 | 28.7 DOreiace> 3 sales GOs a eesh See sce Sei) 154291 | Male, young | 206 | 195 | 53 | 50.7 | 17.7 | 28.8 adult. DORE cea Seer OMe ee ite 1 re 154288 | Female, adult.} 210 | 184 | 51 | 50.0 | 17.9 | 29.4 IDO= rteosece 1270) Gy DRT pees ene eeaeneece 151779 | Female. 205 | 190 | 48 | 49.7 | 17.5 | 27.7 S. poliopus..... Kalim panpyBayee--- 1-2-1 Lol7Ssn ie Males esas - a. 195 | 170 | 46 | 45.5 | 19.0 | 28.5 DOR sensor Saratok Rivers. o2.5---025-- 151788 |..... do........-.| 200 | 195 | 48 | 48.0 | 18.0 | 30.8 1D Oe a See Pamukang Bay....----.--- 1151789 | Male, adult....| 205 | 190 | 48 | 48.6 | 17.8 |.-...- S. marinsularis.| Pulo Laut, east side... ----- DSL 74 3 |EMale te 222 > cae 212 NAGS KAO) Ee cal oe eee beens Does ees IPMomaubs- 222 oe 22e 222 s3e 15N776) |e doxetsalss 210 | 175 | 49 | 46.8 | 18.3 | 29.8 DORs cele ce GO se soe reece eens 1151777 | Male, young } 205 | 180 | 48 | 48.6 |......].-..- adult. DO Seance eae e ae (V0). 5 nS oo Seay es 151780) Malecns= 5-5-2: 205 | 190 | 49 | 48.4 | 18.0 | 30.3 DOB Sae oe ealtce ae does BES SeeancesCense 151778 | Female........ 210 | 200} 49 |.-.-..-- 18.0 | 30.2 1D aye) ee See ge| eee Overs LLe See eee See 151775 | Female, adult.) 211 | 185 | 48 | 48.8 | 17.4 | 29.5 Doses ts. s Pulo|Sebukues:222 525-622 TSU S1s| See Qrstesases 205 | 176 | 47 | 47.3 | 17.2 | 28.7 DD Oeeaee separa GOS rae deena cemeaeee 151782 | Female........ 205 | 175 47 | 48.0 | 18.0 | 29.8 1 Type. SCIURUS LOWII Thomas. 1892. Sciurus lowii THomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 253, March, 1892. Two specimens were secured, an adult male from the Kenda- wangan River, southwestern Borneo, and an adult female from the Saratok River, southeastern Borneo. (For measurements, see table, p. 92.) SCIURUS PARVUS Miller. 1901. Sciurus parvus Miter, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, p. 33, April 5, 1901. Type-locality, Nulu, Sarawak, Borneo. Three small squirrels, members of the tenuis group, were secured They do not differ essentially from along the Sempang River. specimens of Sciurus parvus from northern Borneo. (For measurements, see table, p. 92.) 99 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. SCIURUS BORNEENSIS (Gray). 1867. Macroxus rufogaster, var. borneensis Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 20, 1867, p. 283. 1901. Sciurus hippurus grayi Bonnotr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, February, 1901, p. 171, footnote. 1907. Sciurus grayi, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 50, April 8, 1907, p. 28. One specimen, an adult male (Cat. No. 154293), from Balik Papan Bay, is apparently indistinguishable from specimens of Sevwrus bor- neensis in the U.S. National Museum collection from North Borneo. (for measurements, see table, below.) SCIURUS HIPPURELLUS Lyon. 1907. Sciurus hippurellus Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 50, p. 27, April 8, 1907. 1907. Scturus hippurellus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 557, Decem- ber 24, 1907. Two from the Landak River and one from the Kapuas, collected in 1905. Measurements of squirrels. S| 4 g 3 a ca at ray ~ = ° ° S a Cata- Bo) eS eas Name. Locality. logue | Sexandage. | 8 | & |E| B® peu No. Q a = o eB} 3 Lo) BS evel aves se) = ao] 2) a4 Bales oie oS Polng = is) =| 3/3 |e See Hie |e] & Sy | 7} Lariscus diversus....| Sukadana............--- 145383 | Male, old...... 193 | 100 | 48 | 49.6 | 26.6 | 13.0 IDR ARSE ne Kendawangan River....| 153683 | Female, adult.| 196 | 104 | 48 | 49.4 | 25.8 | 13.0 DOs soca eee Saratok#River-ssecees oe 151791 || Male, young.--| 142) 95 |/44 |... 23/22 sooiees se DOR AS aa Rare ee Balik Papan Bay......- 154294 | Male, adult....| 187 | 113 | 50 | 49.0 | 26.4 | 12.8 WD OSes tae [bee oe GOSS seeee ter eens 154295 | Female, adult.} 197 | 110 ! 50 | 49.7 ! 27.6 | 13.3 i) Oe ee ee GOt See he coat e ee 154296 |..... GO:teScaas 185 # 115 | 50 | 49.7 | 26.7 | 13.8 ND) Oe ts eee lease COS Aes ee oe aoe 154297 Pea, YOUNG Pree | ese | eee 46.0 | 25.3 | 12.4 adult. Sciurus lowii.....-- Kendawangan River..-.-.| 153681 | Male, adult....| 140 ]..... 88 | 38.6 | 21.5 } 11.5 MOR eet fete SaratoksRiverss.-eee-see 151790 | Female, adult.| 150} 80] 38 | 39.4 | 23.2 | 12.5 Sciurus parvus....-- Sempang River.......-- 145384 | Female, young] 140 | 112 | 38 | 36.9 | 20.8 | 12.2 adult. ID ON oc een ce see GOSS aac asso eeenee 145385 | Male, adult....] 155 | 126 | 39 }......| 22.7 | 13.0 IYO ae ee el Les dose eee 145386 | Female, adult.} 142 | 123 | 38 | 38.5 | 22.4 | 12.0 Sciurus borneensis..| Balik Papan Bay.....-. 154293 | Male, adult....) 244 | 271 | 64 | 57.7 | 33.0 | 19.9 RATUFA EPHIPPIUM (Miiller). 1838-39. Sciurus ephippium Mutuuer, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol., vol. 5, ° p. 147. Doctor Abbott secured seventeen specimens, practically topotypes, of R. ephippum from the region of Klumpang and Pamukang bays. Miiller’s figure* is an excellent representation of this species as shown by unbleached specimens of the present series. The side of head and top of nose in the plate, however, are too ‘‘red.’’ In Doe- tor Abbott’s specimens those portions of the head are similar in 1 Collector’s measurements. 2 Measured by writer after relaxing in water for 24 hours. 3Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. Bezitt., pl. 13, 1839-1844, no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 93 color to the base of whiskers in Miiller’s plate. The grizzling seen along the edge of the dorsal stripe in the plate is less noticeable in the specimens. Regarding the type-locality of this species, Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., who examined in Leiden, in 1904, the type, an adult male mounted, remarked: ‘‘No locality can be given beyond southeastern Borneo, in the low country.” (for measurements, see table, p. 96.) RATUFA COTHURNATA, new species. Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 145378, collected at foot of Mount Palung, near Sukadana, western Borneo, February 9, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5537. Diagnostic characters—A member of the ephippium group, dif- fering from true ephippium in having the dark dorsal area less sharply defined and general coloration not so bright, most closely related to Ratufa ephippium baramensis Bonhote,' but differing in having the thighs concolor with under parts of body. Color.—Type: Upper parts of head and body a mixture of tawny ochraceous and blackish, the former more conspicuous anteriorly and laterally, the latter more prominent in the dorsal line and pos- teriorly. The mixture occurs as a grizzle, except over the shoulders, where the tawny-ochraceous is essentially clear and unmixed, and on the lower back, where the blackish is unmixed and spreads out laterally nearly as far as the femoral spots. On the head between the ears the blackish is quite pure. Cheeks and sides of neck rather dark tawny-ochraceous. Under parts buff or buffy. Fore and hind legs and feet buff to ochraceous-buff, the inner sides of the legs lighter than the outer. General color of tail above blackish, the bases of the hairs whitish, marginal portions of under side of tail blackish; central portion, including short appressed hairs, ochraceous- buff. Ears inside and out dull ochraceous. The type is one of the brightest and freshest-looking in the series. The majority of speci- mens are duller and lighter in color, the tawny-ochraceous becoming ochraceous-buff or buffy and the under parts correspondingly lighter, the blackish becoming brownish. One specimen, Cat. No. 145381, from Kumbang River, is very much bleached and worn, the pelage in places having a singed appearance. Skull and teeth—Apparently there are no characters by which the skulls and teeth of R. cothurnata can be distinguished from those of R. ephipprum. Measurements.—The external and cranial measurements of A. cothurnata are essentially the same as they are in R. ephippium, the hind foot and greatest length of skull averaging, however, a trifle less. The hind foot in R. cothurnata ranges from 81 to 87 mm. and 1Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 5, p. 496, June, 1900. Type-locality, Baram district, Sarawak. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. - YOu. 40. the skull from 62.5 to 66; in R. ephippium these ranges are 85 to 90 and 63.4 to 68.5. (For measurements of the series see table, p. 96.) Specimens examined.—Twenty-three, from western and southwest- ern Borneo. (For exact localities see table, p. 96, four from along the Kapuas River not included.) Remarks.—This is the same species that I called Ratufa ephippium (Miller) in 1907.1 At that time there were no specimens of true ephippiwm in the museum collection. It is not at all unlikely that the forms of Ratufa on the mainland of Borneo, baramensis, san- dakanensis, cothurnata, and ephippium, represent local races of one species, but at present intergradation is not known. RATUFA GRISEICOLLIS, new species. Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 145372, collected on Panebangan Island, west coast of Borneo, May 24, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5315. Diagnostic characters.—A richly colored species of the ephipprum group related to Ratufa cothurnata above, from the neighboring main- land of Borneo, but back darker, sides and under parts more rufous, and sides of neck gray. Color.—Upper parts of head and body in the middle line blackish; some light-colored hairs over nose, and in the type over back of neck; sides of body and shoulders rich cinnamon-rufous, grizzled with blackish; the shoulders contrasting with the black of the back, but elsewhere the latter color blends in with the sides; under parts of neck and body and inner side of thighs and legs orange-buff, rather richer than that of Ridgway; thighs similar to sides, becoming dull orange-rufous on the hind feet; upper and lateral aspect of tail brownish black, inner half of the long hairs on under side of tail buffy, the short hairs in median line tawny with slight grizzling of blackish. Skull and teeth.—I can find no characters by which the skull and teeth of Ratufa griseicolis may be distinguished from those of R. ephippium or R. cothurnata. | Measurements.—See table, page 96. Specumens examined.—Three, all from Pulo Panebangan. Remarks.—Ratufa griseicollis, while clearly related to R. cothurnata, | from Borneo, is very distinct and easily recognized by its gray neck, rufous under parts, and generally richer coloration. Head and body measurements of &. griseicollis are somewhat greater than corre- sponding measurements in mainland specimens. RATUFA VITTATA, new species. Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 151758, collected at Saratok, on Pulo Laut, off southeast coast of Borneo, December 19, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5632. 1Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, No. 1577, p. 557, December 24, 1907. No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 95 Diagnostic characters.—A member of the ephippium group, but differing from typical ephippium in having a more sharply defined dorsal stripe which does not extend forward beyond the shoulders, and in having a lighter cream-colored head. Color.—Upper parts and sides of body with exception of dorsal stripe nearest Ridgway’s ochraceous. This color is almost pure, but on close inspection, especially with a glass, dark tips to many of the hairs may be seen. The basal portions of the hairs on this part of the body are blackish slate. Dorsal stripe and all of the tail except in the middle line on the underside black or blackish. The stripe gradually begins, due to increasing extent of dark tips of the hairs, just behind the shoulders. It soon becomes prominent, vary- ing in width in different specimens from about 30 to 50 mm. It is continuous with the color of the tail. Top and sides of head, just posterior to the ears, whitish, irregularly sprinkled with blackish due to dark-colored tips to the hairs. The dark-colored tips have a tendency to accumulate on the point of the nose and on the top of the head just anterior to the ears. Ears concolor with head. Under- parts of body and throat varying from light buff to buff-yellow. Outer sides of legs and feet generally similar to sides of body, but slightly lighter, inner side of legs and femoral spot similar to under- parts. Middle line of underside of tail similar to underparts or shghtly darker. Skull and teeth.—There are no evident peculiarities by which the skulls and teeth of R. vittata can be distinguished from those of R. ephippium. Measurements.—For external and cranial measurements of the type and series see table, page 96. Specimens examined.—Five, all from Saratok, Pulo Laut, south- eastern Borneo. RATUFA VITTATULA, new species. Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 151762, collected on Pulo Sebuku, southeastern Borneo, January 2, 1908, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5720. Diagnostic characters.—Practically identical with R. vittata, but smaller; hind foot 78-81 mm. instead of 84-89, and greatest length of skull 61-63.2 instead of 66-66.8. Color.—The colors of R. vittatula are identical with those of R. vittata except that the light color of the head extends back on the side of the neck. ~ Skull and teeth.—The skulls and teeth of R. vitiatula are distinctly smaller than they are in R. vittata. The rostrum in the smaller species is relatively shorter than it is in the larger one. 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Measurements.—The external and cranial measurements of R&, vittatula are all smaller than the corresponding measurements of (See table below.) R. vittata. Specimens examined.—Seven, all from Pulo Sebuku. Measurements of ratufas. a E os oC lal q 8 | Soe 2/8 Sine a | 3 — & |} mm.) mm. 420-| 86 442 | 85 415 | 8&8 415 | 84 420 | 86 380 | 81 405 | 82 390 | 87 387 | 84 390 | 81 455 | 86 390 | 83 395 | 83 393 | 84 388 | 77 385 | 82 373 | 80 405 | 79 335 | 79 410 | 82 410 | 84 420 | 80 415} 85 405 | 86 380 | 84 445 | 90 410 | 86 420 | 87 450 | 88 385 | 85 422 | 82 410 | 82 415 | 85 400 |} 81 395 | 81 400 | 80 420 | 85 420 | 86 410 | 86 425 | 86 425 | 89 400 | 8&4 400 | 84 390 | 84 385 | 80 395 | 80 400 | 80 365 | 78 360 | 81 380 | 80 380 | 80 Cata- i Name. Locality. logue | Sexandage. | § No. = q 3 og $ sa) mm R. griseicollis....| Pulo Panebangan.......... 3145372 | Male, adult....| 366 DOSeEe eRe alae (6 Loe eh Eee Sar oe 145371 | Female, adult-} 360 DOs Sete alee GO Sse ose esate ce sciogins 1453730 eeeee OC Ofeeee eee 360 Rcowhunata.- 4) sukadana...---2---+-22-=-- 1453 75n sess dots scae: 335 Does sacteus| fees. Ose eee cee eee 145376) eee do.. 340 IDO iese Cel Pane River, mouth... 145379 | Male, adult....| 330 DO Aes seer ees Oa a ae Cee Ne 145380 Female, adult.| 335 DOM eacece Sungei Matanis-secemes eee. 145374 | Male, adult....| 345 Doe a ees Re bans RVUVCT scion 1453810 peo. does eae 330 DOCS ed Se ee eee tera 145382 | Male, young..-.} 300 Do stseas ie ana PAlUN Sisson kee 145377 | F e m ale, | 340 youngish. DOraseace Mount Palung, foot of....-.- 3145378 eee adult.| 350 ID Owes see Kendawangan River... ---- 153647) Bees 330 153648 | Male, ‘ad. ==.) 340 1536495225 == 333 153650 ear ‘old...| 335 153651 | Male, adult.-..| 315 153652 | Female, old...| 345 153653 | Male, young |} 305 adult. DOs eee sealloace GOs 34 etkeeciosceseeeees 153654 | Male, adult....| 345 1D Opee eens teen SON Cees ence men eeaee 153655 | Female, adult.} 345 DO fee ere mo hs Ohta enis Cee ea oseaeee 153656 | Male, nearly | 295 adult. R. ephippium...| T. Batu, Klumpang Bay...| 151743 | Male, adult....] 355 ID a eee pean Cone ye erLehe sane 151744 |..... dor Rae 355 DORE ee seca ses ee GOW ete oataeneceens LS 7ASa | eee do 3} 33510) DOR ahs ace eee GOS eee eee aces USU7AGr eee do. -| 368 DOSS = sees leee ae Gee See tase ae yi ee 151747 Female, ‘adult.| 350 DOM eases Pulo Soren, Klumpang Bay | 151748 | Female, old...| 348 Donseeest. Saratok R., Klumpang Bay} 151750 | Male, adult....| 342 DOsenseas- Pangkallahan R., Klum- | 151749 | Female, old-..| 335 pang Bay. IDG useee Kilumipang! Bayecc- ose 154300 | Male, old...-.. 340 WD Oe cen heellecee GOs bite ce ee cee 154301 | Male, adult....) 336 Domest ane Ramikan oes ayjee ee ene eee 151751 | Female, adult.} 315 DOES eS aes sate GO eee Sees ald ae ee 154298 | Male, adult....} 320 ID Onset ces aloanice Gln see ee eesscaasear 154299 |....- dose 325 DOs geass Sampanahan R., Pamu- | 151752 | Female,young | 300 kang Bay. IDO see eer tncee Ghee Jase ere ME egepSbas ae 151753 | Female, adult.| 345 DON |p seer GOs ee Aas eee oe 151754 | Male, old...... 338 DOs asstssc\loeiee GOS saeiowe Ghee aoe oe 151755 | Female, adult.| 348 Jie OTT eae Saratok, Pulo Laut........ 151756 | Male, edule 355 DOP iaere. ee a] Meese Go ssa ee sac eee MSR, ose ae .| 370 1BXCys Se ena eee GOs eae Serr nee 3151758 eae! ‘adult.| 355 DOeseccteer | sees Cl Baremnacoeseoncscencs 151759 | Male, old...... 345 DOR ees ccaleseer GOS eee Bee een ee 151760 Male. adult....) 345 RB MUIMOU Dee ooe| Poul Sebukul sseoeeeeeneeoe VS LTGUS cee Chmesrciose 340 DOME eter ret (0 (0) Goat eee ase eee 3151762 | Male, old.....- 333 DOs aces salneeae Oe es ae SOW Stree ea inne 151763 Female, adult} 330 DOE eos.) nom ar GOsse teen seee cearee 517,645 | Soeee 325 DOS 2 Saasae\astes GOs ee ees etee oem 151765 | Male, pane 343 1D) Se eecaees| aeeee (ley or ee serene 151766 | Male, old..-.... 338 1D one See Reece Oe eRe hs ewes 151767 Male, adult....} 335 S | Greatest length of skull. Zygomatic breadth. 67.0 DOD DAR: ford) DPARABAADADAD AHR Bom DE SEC ESD RS SSS a mB NOMA NIeS WOM WRw oo wa} a > Interorbital constriction. eI) Ceigh bob tho Sa SSOWMMDOSDOWNSCSORASCS BWHROSCS wNUwHmmonnm wwo om NNNNHYNNNNNY NNNNNID NNNWNNWt lin EDL CO EN ES IES Ser STAY SES (EY SUS SD SL ten) SS ISaue Nwovnwy no.1809. WAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. oi Specimens examined.—Seven, all from Pulo Sebuku. Remarks.—Superficially the two species, R. vittata and R. vittatula, appear identical, but the difference in size is absolutely constant, and there is no doubt as to their specific distinctness. The light coloring of the neck in £. vittatula is also constant. Both species are clearly offshoots from the mainland R. ephippium. The smallness of the Sebuku specimens was noticed by Doctor Abbott in the field. NANNOSCIURUS EXILIS (Miiller). 1907. Nannosciurus exilis, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 558, December 24, 1907. One specimen collected at Sanggau in 1905. NANNOSCIURUS BORNEANUS Lyon. 1906. Nannosciurus borneanus Lyon, Proc. Biol. Sec. Wash., vol. 19, p. 54, May 1, 1906. 1907. Nannosciurus borneanus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 558, December 24, 1907. Fourteen additional specimens of this species of pigmy squirrel were secured, five from southeastern Borneo and nine from southwestern Borneo. They differ in no essential respects from the original series. (For measurements and exact localities see table below. Three specimens from. Matan River and one immature individual from Tjantung, all in alcohol, are not included in the table.) Measurements of pigmy squirrels. | 2) 4 E lee 5 e Slag} a | 4 Cata- rea est Peirce bees I / Name. Locality. logue’| Sexandage. | 8 | & | E | SH) 3 | S§ No. o ra ray is aq a Ss tall (aah st Wg ace eS al ee 3 oD oe) a u 3/Flel/os] 3 a ae eee Shel fehen | 8 el tee Pipe ah car sh eere i S| mm.| mm.) mm.) mm. | mm. | mm. Nannosciurus borne- | Pangkallahan River. .} 151793 | Male, adult. -.|...-- 67 | 24] 15.4) 15.0 8.7 .| Saratok River.-.......| 151794 |....- Gosteeae- 83 | 62:1) 23). 15.5: 15.79) 10) 2 Klumpang Bay..-.-.- 151795 | Female, adult.| 85 | 70] 24] 15.6] 15.8] 10.8 Upper Pasir River... .|154407 | Male, adult...| 75} 52) 21 |....--/------}...-.- Kendawangan River.| 153682 dol GON 9251 |ean ae leas eel enine oe Sempang River...-.-.. 145387 80) 60} 24] 15.2] 16.3 10.2 De de ete! sicrecoelieve rere Otros eee ae 40388 80 | 65 24-| 15.0 | 15.7 9.7 Sungei Matan........ 145389 | Female, adult.| 87] 63] 26] 16.0] 16.4] 10.3 WEAR OSU OE Onae mesa GOze ese oes ae 4 os90n lo Malesadiltee el) Wii fd |e 2a ld > a 5 2 3 5 & Ea lacs Se gilaiel se | & ie CH) = a 8 B 3 Hiei} o N |& mm.|mm.\mm.| mm. | mm. |mm E. neglectus | Pulo Datu...... 145508 | Male....| Moderately | 206 | 183 | 42 | 41.3] 18.8] 7.3 ducis. worn. DOMES CeaIEELE Ow esece see) W45500 Ne dorese: Much worn...-...| 209 | 202 | 41 | 42.3 | 20.5] 6.9 1D oye ME ae Se i eas Gonssst 2 ae 145510 |...do-..... Moderately | 210 | 206 | 43 | 41.7} 19.6 | 7.7 worn. 180 a ooeee Saeae Gossees ose MASS US Ree doses | sae ae do.........-.| 200 | 194] 40 | 40.4; 19.8] 7.6 IDS ane) eee ae Gone aes Lab Sl 2n| Seed Osea | eee doen 2235 208 | 195 | 42 | 40.7] 19.6 | 7.4 10) Gene eee |e ha do.......--.-] 145513 | Female .| Much worn...... 199 | 198 | 42 | 41.5 | 19.8} 7.2 1DYOA Se ae ae eae Glos eae =F V4 5b VAS edorscne|eeeee GOs eteeecee 212 | 198 | 42 | 43.6 | 19.9 6.9 IDYo See, cose (een Coe Seve lL 4bol or eed OL seen | eee dos eae 216 | 216 | 44 | 43.1 | 21.4] 7.6 Wee eae Elke 8 Ors a2 sees |) 1455160] Sead ons es| head ots meaam ee 210 | 182 | 41 | 42.5 | 21.0] 7.2 IDO SSeS aoe eee dot sssese ec /s|) L455 17a Eee Obs seal yen Ostet eee 207) | 953A) eee 20.3 7.4 DOME a Pulo Pelapis..../ 145450 | Male....| Moderately | 212 | 222 | 41 | 42.7 | 21.5| 7.3 worn. DOR eee | ees GOtereee a= eal 4545 Uae dosesee Much worn.....- 207 | 208 | 40 | 42.3 | 21.9] 7.8 DOR eee se eee 8 Gozanrtee ee TA5 4525 sdOlzena|neree do See 208 | 220 | 41 |.....-|_..... te DOs a ee EE Ae Osea eee | el 454505 pen doreeen Moderately | 210 | 207 | 41 | 41.9 | 20.5| 7.6 worn. HE) pee etn doses 145458 |}...do..... Much worn...... 214 | 187 | 41 | 42.4] 21.8] 7.4 BD Yo ok ep Leh eagees Ose seas (45459) eedomes. pecs donee tae 207 | 204 | 40 |...... 21.4] 6.9 1DYoyae eye be a eae Goeeeee oe eee la 5460N | endoreeae Moderately | 202 | 174 | 40] 41.1 | 20.5] 7.3 worn. DOR sans eo |e ee Gossres Rees 145453 220 | 40 | 41.7 | 22.0] ° 7.3 Dore sesee 2 eer 3 Ort 2 eee || 145454 ead 213 | 40 | 41.6 | 20.5] 7.5 DORE eee Mea EE dorstes = 2555) 45456 | edons 200 | 40 | 40.9 | 20.8] 7.2 DOA ee Lae donee ar. 145457 |... 220 | 41 | 42.5 | 22.0] 7.5 DOG ee Sa Osean eee ee 214546 204 | 38 | 39.0} 19.3] 7.4 1D Yo) Se eee | 35 eee Gone Bee 2145462) PeadOve 5 J5| pened OL een ee aie il Oa mae 38 | 39.3 | 19.7} 7.2 INO ae ES ee Gosia +3 Vee 2145463 200 | 41 | 39.8 | 20.0] 7.3 DOrs mee SAIL. E 3 doe Ae ee 2145464 |...d 193 | 39 | 39.8 | 19.8] 7.4 1Type. * Skull only, but specimen measured in flesh by collector. EPIMYS SEBUCUS, new species. : Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 151964, collected on Pulo Sebuku, off southeastern coast of Borneo January 2, 1908, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5717. Magnostic characters —A member of the Epimys firmus * group, differing from the typical form in a more reddish brown general col- oration. Color.—Type: Upper parts and sides of head, neck, and body and outer sides of legs a coarse grizzly mixture of blackish and a color something between russet and tawny olive, the russet more conspicuous posteriorly; under parts and inner sides of legs, buff or buffy, the hairs practically the same color to their bases; tail uni- . formly brownish throughout; feet similar, ears dark brownish, very scantily haired with short dark hairs. Pelage.—Pelage of three kinds of hairs, short, uniformly grayish colored under fur; longer hairs with dark bases, a russet-tawny olive middle portion and blackish tips; and long, slender grooved bristles, uniformly blackish in color; the three types named in the order cf their abundance. Middle portion of tail with ten scales to the cen- ® Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1902, p. 155, June 11, 1902. no.1809. JIAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 103 timeter, each scale subtended by three hairs, equalling a scale or a scale and a quarter in length. Skull and teeth.—These show no special characters, and I can find no essential differences to distinguish them from the skulls and teeth of Epimys firmus. Measurements.—For measurements of the type and series see table, page 104. Specimens examined.—Eleven, all from Pulo Sebuku. Remarks.—Epimys sebucus at best can only be considered a slightly differentiated form of the widely distributed Epimys firmus group, of which there are many examples in the museum from Sumatra and adjacent islands and the Rhio-Linga Archipelago. No members of the group were taken on Borneo. EPIMYS CRASSUS, new species. Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat, No. 145471, collected on Pulo Lamukotan, off the west coast of Borneo, May 8, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5190. Diagnostic characters—A large member of the Epimys firmus * eroup, differing from the typical form in larger size, larger and heavier skull, and a rather prominent swelling on the anterior portion of the nasal bones. Color.—Type: Upper parts and sides of head, neck, and body, and outer sides of legs a coarse grizzly mixture of blackish and buff, slightly darker and rather duller than that of Ridgway; under parts and inner sides of legs cream color, the hairs essentially the same color throughout; tail and feet light brownish; ears dark brownish, very scantily covered with short, dark hairs. Pelage—Pelage of three kinds of hairs; short, uniformly grayish colored under fur; longer hairs with dark bases, a buffy middle portion, and blackish tips; and long, slender grooved bristles, black- ish in color; the three types named in the order of their abundance. Middle portion of tail with eight and one-half scales to the centi- meter, each scale subtended by three hairs, equally about a scale and a quarter in length. Skull and teeth.—The skulls of Epimys crassus average larger and heavier than do those of EZ. firmus of like age, and most of the speci- mens have an elongated swelling on the outer side of the anterior half of the nasal bones, which is barely indicated on the skulls of other members of the firmus group. The teeth average slightly smaller than they do in Epimys sebucus. The bullz, also, are a trifle smaller in /. crassus. Measurements —For measurements of the type and series see table, page 104. Specimens examined.—Fourteen, from Pulo Lamukotan. 1 Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1902, p. 155, June 11, 1902. 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Remarks.— Epimys crassus appears to be a well-defined member of the E. firmus group. It is larger than anyother members of the group in the U. S. National Museum. The swelling of the nasals is also quite characteristic. Externally it can not be differentiated from typical firmus. Measurements of rats of the firmus group. ; s bo Sealbs “4, 8 Ss 4 Cata- State of wear of 3 3 Noes Name. Locality. logue Sex. Ta ene 8 PA E So No. ; & Resins tics Baty eats 6 g 8/2] 4 {8 re i ees o B = o ‘3 sl g is a Ee Se a ae N [4 mm.) mm.) mm.| mm. | mm. | mm Epimyscrassus.| Pulo Lamuko- |2145471 | Male...-| Moderately worn) 255 | 260 | 50 | 54.2] 27.7 | 88 tan. MM Ox Meson See eee GOsssenen sic’ V4 5A 72M GOs sere ecee Goi sste se eee 259 | 291 OL 1.55. it eese0l | oe DOseie tease eee doiss.f 288 145473 |...do-....- Much worn.. 255! 277 | 50) 52:3) 26.7 8:6 Dome ass se sol eco OS te eee 145474 | Female .|..... do.. 249 | 275 | 49] 50.5] 26.5] 86 DOs ese cee etine Ol cise see - | L447 Ou doscsss Moderately worn| 210 | 239 | 47 |......|...--- 8.6 DD Overs some sae GOs soeeste 145476 | Male....| Slightly worn...] 215 | 225 47 |....../.-..-- 8.5 DOlMAaS: . 2e|E see dow. 325a- 145477 |...do....- Moderately worn| 240 | 262} 49| 50.5 | 263] 8&8 DOstsecece aleacce Oss ano | 454784) eedos. sasleeaee 0 (ere oe 232 | 258} 49] 50.0] 24.5] 87 ID OWS ater do....------| 145479 | Female .|..... Go 2. = obs 5) 225) 1240! | Ae PATS soul ess WO es. sosase| wacee GOs sks 2-2] 45480) Males so 2 |i soe do.....:-----| 227 | 239} 50:) 47.9) 24°6))" 829 WOR seas costae doves. S254 1454817) Sedosssca|eee ae do........-.-! 241 | 279 | 53 | 49.6} 24.5) 8.7 WD Oj satats eel eeee Go ee se) 145482") 2edoreece|eocee 6 Pe eaaiooee eet eiSooe 48 | 48.2] 24.9] 8.9 WO: dssche Sele eee do......--..| 145483 | Female .|..... dotsct sea 222 | 219| 47 | 46.2 | 24.3) 8&8 1D Yo a eee eee dose ose 145484 |...do-....- Much worn....-..| 242 | 255 | 49] 52.9] 26.2) 8&5 Epimys sebucus | Pulo Sebuku. .-| 151962 Malebua,| 29483 GO eee ee 9263010267) 250 ola arene eenoent DOES see sola Govsess 253 151963 | Female .|..... doz 254 | 255 | 46} 48.8 | 25.7) 9.3 Doress see lees Woxses. ae. 2151964 | Male.... Moderately worn) 251 | 277] 51 | 49.6] 26.4] 9.8 IDO See een (raerte COsess-s eer 151965 | Female .|....-. do.. ..---| 225 | 242] 46 | 48.0] 25.3 | 9.4 DOte- 222 etelseeae do........-.| 151966 | Male....| Much worn...... AU Me ee 51 | 50.5 | 27.5] 9.6 IDO Sareea Secs Gosesaeeces 1 SLOG TH EsedOsese= Slightly worn. -.| 216 | 224 | 46 | 45.7 | 23.0] 9.1 Doth? Peers teoes (Ko eee 151968 | Female .| Much worn......| 237 | 238 | 48 | 49.5 | 27.2| 9.5 DORs soe see | Pee ee dovsse-aeeee 151969 |...do.....|.....d0..........-| 234] 234) 46 | 48.9) | 25.0))|> 9:0 1D) OF eee | aes Onset ee 151970 | Male....) Unworn.......-- 192 | 210 | 46] 40.8 | 21.6] 89 IDG See eee leaood Gon oases) WSIS Te ssdoRe. Much worn....-..| 247 | 233 | 46 | 49.9] 26.7] 9.1 IDO ee eee acre GOs teeta 151972 | Female .| Moderately worn) 230 | 250 | 46 | 48.2 | 24.9] 9.4 | 1 Collector’s measurements. 2 Type. EPIMYS SABANUS Thomas. 1887. Mus sabanus Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 20, p. 269, 1887. Six specimens from the mainland of Borneo, a fully adult female from the foot of Mount Palung, a young adult female from the Saratok River, and four young adult females from Balik Papan Bay, and a young adult female from Pulo Laut. The fully adult specimen agrees in all essential respects with an example from northern Borneo. The younger specimens, however, are distinctly smaller, more so than their age would indicate. It is possible that they represent another form of the E ipimys sabanus group, but the mate- vial at hand is too scanty to determine this. (For measurements see table, p. 106.) EPIMYS NASUTUS, new species. Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 145519, collected on Pulo Panebangan, off west coast of Borneo, May 21, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5270. xno.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 105 Diagnostic characters.—A member of the Epimys sabanus! group characterized by a shorter tail, somewhat smaller skull, and dis- tinctly heavier rostrum. Color—Type: Upper parts and sides of head, neck, and body and outer sides of legs a mixture of blackish and orange buff, the former in excess in the median line, and the latter in excess along the sides and on the legs; underparts, including inner sides of legs, cream color, lighter on the throat than elsewhere; ears dark brownish, scantily clothed with a few dark hairs; tail brownish, not noticeably lighter below than above. Pelage.—Pelage composed of three kinds of hairs—a rather scanty, dull, drab-gray colored underfur; hairs of normal texture, with dull grayish bases, succeeded by a dark brownish ring, then the con- spicuous orange buff band and a small blackish apex; flattened and grooved spines, dull grayish at base and blackish at extremity. On the underparts the spinous hairs are shorter and weaker, and all the hairs are uniformly cream color throughout. Middle portion of tail with seven and one-half scales to the centimeter, each scale sub- tended by three hairs about a scale and a half in length. Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth are about the average in size for the group, but the skull is angular and massive; the brain case and interorbital region being wider than usual, and the rostrum unusually heavy. Measurements.—Type: Head and body, 252 (253)? mm.; tail, 326 (329); hind foot, 54 (49); condylo-basal length of skull, 51.4 (51.7); zygomatic width, 25.8 (26.2); interorbital constriction, 9.3 (9.4); breadth of brain case above roots of zygomata 19.4 (19.4); greatest breadth of rostrum, 11 (10.6); depth of rostrum near incisors, 11.3 (11.5); maxillary tooth row, alveoli, 9.3 (9.3). (See table, p. 106.) Specimens examined.—Three, all from Pulo Panebangan, two skins with skulls and one skull without skin. Remarks.— Epimys nasutus differs by its heavy rostrum from all the rats of the . sabanus group that I have seen with the exception of H. bale from Tana Bala of the Batu Islands, off the west coast of Borneo.. The skull of the Panebangan animal is decidedly larger, however, than that of the rat from Tana Bala. The tail of the latter is rather short and uniformly brownish in color, like the tail of Epimys nasutus. The tails of about half the members of the group are dis- tinctly bicolor, brownish above and cream color beneath. 1 Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 20, p. 269, 1887. 2 Measurements in parentheses are those of a paratype, Cat. No. 145518, an old adult female. 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. Measurements of long-tailed rats. a qa — Ep e =, B ig Cata t es ee cs) S ‘ata- L=| — as Name. Locality. logue Sex. plate ol went p & 2 El Sis No. 4 < ar Q (3) o co) 3 1 Ss | Be a Ss) | es 3S |3 a = By | cl 2. | col Sub cael eas o ‘3 =| 8 se 3 fle |] o N |& mm.|mm.jmm| mm. | mm. | mm. Epimys saba- | Base of Mount | 145565 | Female -| Much worn...-. 263 | 382 | 50 | 53.5 | 24.4 | 10.0 nus. Palung. Owe sse. 2 Saratok River...} 151942 |...do..-..| Moderately worn] 230 | 328 | 49 | 48.3 | 22.5 | 10.1 Wor ais PuloMwaute\o22 4 | M5107) | Paedouers|sesee dome teensse 210 | 290 | 44 | 45.8 | 23.0] 9.4 Doss]. 4) balik Papanbay,|543060|-=.d0e a es|eeeer GOs 2! sSstemiele 247 | 370 | 50 | 51.5 | 24.9 | 10.5 ID oie es aa Peete doi-stecwecs 54307 ee Gon ae pence do. Se s2 244 | 346 | 50 | 51.7 | 25.6 | 10.8 WOR esas al secs GOsnctee aa 154308) |eeedOsees|Ssen- Gore es aee 231 | 354 | 47 | 49.2 | 24.7] 9.8 IDS eeraeeeea| peters GOzeeensae es 21 54309) (eae Osea epee. dozto5 42-2 240 | 355 | 48 | 50.7 | 25.0 | 10.0 Epimys nasu- | Pulo Paneban- } 145518 |...do....| Much worn.....| 253 | 329 | 49 | 51.7 | 26.2] 9.3 tus. gan. WD Oe aemerse le ace Goss-esee cee 2145519 | Male....| Moderately worn} 252 | 326 | 54 | 51.4 | 25.8] 9.3 DO an ee |eieere Gosaeiee. 26 3145520 | Female -| Slightly worn. .-} 188 | 272 | 46 }......|...... 9.3 EPIMYS WHITEHEADI (Thomas). 1894. Mus whiteheadi Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 14, p. 457, December, 1894. About fifty specimens of small reddish brown, spiny rats, with bicolor tails, were collected in various parts of Borneo or on islands near the coast by Doctor Abbott. (For the exact localities see table of measurements, p. 107.) I have called them all Epimys whiteheadi, although they show much variation, and I have been unable to com- pare them with topotypes from northern Borneo. Several of the present series have a strong tendency to be more brown and less “red” on the upper parts and to have gray instead of ochraceous bellies. Such specimens also average larger externally and cranially than do the others. These specimens are perhaps representatives of Thomas’s recently described Epimys whiteheadi perlutus,* but they have distinctly smaller skulls, shorter tails, and longer hindfeet, and are found in southwestern Borneo and Pulos Bauwal and Sebuku. The series of skins from Balik Papan Bay are very uniform in their bright “reddish” coloration and look exactly like a series of topo- types of Epimys asper (Miller)* from Trong, Lower Siam. (For measurements see table, p. 107.) 1 Collector’s measurements, 4 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 7, p. 205, February, 1911. 2T ype. ® Proce. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, p. 145, April 21, 1900. 3 Skull only. no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. LOT Measurements of Epimys whiteheadi. a e - — : (o) Bb ° ao = Cata- ssl a|3 |€s Locality. logue Sex. State of wear of teeth. | E a BE |S’ No. 3 | AS RE RC = A 2} » = bu = Siete Seats = & = eee | gute a |) reon We © i || ce! & BS | 8 Hla |e | S N |4 | mm. mm.imm| mm. | mm. |mm. Summit of Mount Palung...| 145553 Males eels soci. < 5-2: 136) 115 | 33) 31.3 | 16.0] 5.7 FE. saturatus....| Pulo Panebangan) 145521 |.......... Moderately worn| 206 | 171 | 41 | 41.0 | 20.4] 6.7 Doren be sale pst: osetia sss + 145622 | Male....|..... (Wortanasneee 209 | 171 | 41 | 41.3 | 20.2] 6.6 IDO abeeses aaa dott een ee 1455234 | Ss5C Oe ser|ssns GCORes teateee 197 | 186 | 41 | 41.1 | 20.6] 6.3 IO) Sse eoree sess Gowen sceee 145524 ||) Sadows S2|feeee Cowes. fae 200 | 163 | 41 | 39.9 | 20.0] 6.6 1DYoys ce seal eee (closeness eta 145525 | Female .| Much worn. .... 198 } 178 | 39 | 40.4 | 20.5] 6.5 DON Saale sce GOS esse a 145526 | Male....| Moderately worn| 190 | 165 | 41 | 39.2 19.8] 6.4 IDO Seen Pees Gost eens 145527 | Female .|..... dose 187 | 142 | 41 | 40.0) 19.0] 6.4 Doree esas 5-Ltee. CO yee ee! 145528 | Male....|..... Gozifeeeee ie 204 | 181 | 41 | 41.1 | 20.3] 6.2 1D ae Nae (eae PRC O Me a ae ek ee 145520 ee dOe ealns nee GOs, sei see 194 | 157 | 41 | 39.7! 20.4 625) DOS gee Ny geo do. -.......-| 145530 | Female .|...-.. dos eee ses 200 | 154 | 40 | 39.6] 18.8] 6.5 VD Yala | aes dons sesso 145531 |...do....| Much worn. .... 195) S165) oO NAOE Sie seeks 6.6 DOR eee aoa doseeakee se 1455325 eee Oneal eenee GO So heose 200 | 168 | 39 | 41.6] 21.0 6.5 1D) Skee ees Goze soe ae 145533) Sout sce Moderately worn | 198 | 157 | 39 | 40.5 | 20.0] 6.3 TD OSes | eA Osea eee 145534 | Female .|...-.. Goes saeele 194 | 156} 40 | 39.3] 19.8 6.7 1D io). oe Soe waliaerce GOA ase eee 145535 |...do....| Much worn. .... 200 | 155 | 40 | 40.8} 19.5] 6.8 DORE TS ees doses ee 145536 | Male....| Moderately worn} 206 | 174 | 41 | 40.3] 20.31 6.6 IDO soe saenese Paes (0 LO ee ee TESS (id ane 8 Michiwonnla sce. |epeeeleenee hese (ie: 28 7a rata 6.2 1D (0) 2 setiee ersetoe Goyae ee Sas 145538 | Male....| Moderately worn} 189 | 181 | 40 | 40.7] 19.3] 6.5 1D) eee ey ee |e ate GQOmee eanres UES TO ea eer | eee Goes acs: 20M LL SOR a ON 2a ee 6.5 DOS en ele eae Goze os: fe2e8 145540 | Female .|..... Gon ese ge 188 | 162 | 39 | 39.9] 19.6] 6.7 1D Yaps See | eee Goer eee: 1455413 ||. G0 alia. 2 GOnesewe ee 10 iol ea as Fe 4° 1 ee 6.7 1D Yoyste here eel eee Coys. ey 145542))|\-2 do. - 2352222 (Oka ene eee 187 | 142 | 40 | 39.2] 19.0] 6.6 DOSS We ee (O\OE eset Va 54S nee On acetates Goes Aaa sees ese Ne Boo e| S9eo: | LOLS Gaz EPIMYS KINA (Bonhote.) 1903. Mus kina Bonnote, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 11, p. 124, January, 1903. Four adult specimens of Hpimys kina were collected at Balik-Papan Bay, and one very young one along the Kendawangan River. They differ very slightly, if at all, from typical . cremoriventer Miller. (For measurements see table, p. 113.) EPIMYS SPATULATUS, new species. Type.—Skin and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 145499, collected on Pulo Lamukotan, off west coast of Borneo, May 10, 1907, by De. W. L. Abbott. Orignial number, 5214. Diagnostic characters.—A member of the Epimys cremoriventer group” distinguished by its large size and the widened extremity of the nasals. Color.—Type: Upper parts of head, neck, and body, a grizzly mix- ture of ochraceous buff and dark brownish, the two colors in about equal proportions; sides of head, neck, and body, and outer sides of 1 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, p. 144, April 21, 1900. 2See Bonhote. Fasc. Malay., Zool., vol. 1, pp. 34, 36, October, 1903. 1 Eh PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. legs similar, but the ochraceous buff, lighter and duller and with very little pounce of other color, except the grayish bases of hairs showing through; entire under parts, including inner sides of legs, creamy white, feet dirty whitish, ears brownish with a few inconspicu- ous short hairs; tail light brownish above, but gradually lightening to dirty whitish for a narrow area beneath. Pelage.—Pelage of three types of hairs: (1) soft, rather wavy normal hair, grayish at base, with a conspicuous subapical ochraceous ring and an inconspicuous dark brownish apex, these hairs often partak- ing of the nature of underfur, and with very little of the ochraceous coloring; (2) numerous flattened grooved spines, straw yellowish basally and centrally, dark brownish apically and marginally; (8) rather long slender bristles, generally blackish in color throughout, present only along middle line of back. On the light under parts the short hairs and spines are uniformly creamy white throughout. Middle portion of tail with eleven scales to the centimeter, each subtended by three brownish hairs, equaling a scale and a half in length. Whiskers very long, 65 mm., reaching as far back as shoulders. Skull and teeth.—The skull of Epimys spatulatus has the same general shape as the skulls of other species of the cremoriwenter group, but it is distinctly larger, the brain case absolutely and relatively longer, the rostrum larger and heavier, and the nasals relatively wider at the extremity. The teeth are relatively smaller than they are in other species. Measurements.—"xternal measurements of the type taken by col- lector: Head and body, 158 mm.; tail, 197; hind foot with claws, 31. Cranial measurements of the cae Gondeiot basal length, 34.3; zygomatic breadth, 16.4; width of brain case above roots of zygo- mata, 15.6; interorbital constriction, 5.7; length of nasals, 13.7; width of nasals at extremity, 4.8; maxillary tooth row, alveoli, 6.2. Specimens examined.—One, the type. Remarks.—Epimys spatulatus differs from Epimys kina Bonhote 1 mainly in its larger size. 1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 11, p. 124, January, 1903. no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 3 Measurements of cream-bellied rats. 4 = . ay z a g|4/s Cata- Aes = oa |SA F 3 State of wear of | 3 a rte RO Name. Locality. logue Sex. PeetEe = e E P os : Lo} + = Set ad q Bl Bal ae le Cs) Sh ical) ce Shea = Etat lets a cp | o : = E 3 gale | So te tS mm.| mm.|}mm.| mm. | mm. | mm. NUN @ ne.< 2.5 2 = Balik Papan | 154302 | Female... Moderately | 124 | 178 | 28 |] 29.8] 15.0] 6.2 Bay. worn. DOR e ee asain GOs ace cet 154303 | Male....|..... MO a canicbecs TSO) 4 M29NI ee oe. 16.0 | 6.1 IDO) 5) Goa seceleaaee Cees Cama se Gy: E10 el eee see eee dossstiecese 135 | 185 |....| 30.0 | 15.6 | 6.1 DOeestasee< | 5-255 GOttesen en. 154305 | Female..| Much worn......| 140 |..... 29 | 32.0] 15.9] 6.4 £. spatulatus...| Pulo Lamuko- |?145499 | Male....| Moderately | 158 | 197 |] 31 | 34.3] 16.4] 6.2 tan. worn. TRICHYS LIPURA Giinther. 1876. Trichys ipura GintuER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876, p. 739, fig. 2, p. 740; fig. 2a; p. 741, pl. 71. Type-locality, Borneo, opposite island of Labuan. (See also p. 424 of foregoing reference. ) Two specimens of this species of brush-tailed porcupine were taken by Doctor Abbott, one in southwestern, one in southeastern Borneo. Measurements.—Cat. No. 145571, adult male, Sungei Matan, and Cat. No. 151880, adult female, Saratok River, respectively, head and body, 420, 445 mm.; tail vertebrae, 200, 190; hind foot, 65, 64; greatest length of skull, 85.6, 79.8; zygomatic width, 45.8, 44.3; greatest length of nasals, 23.8, 23.7; maxillary toothrow (alveoli). 14.8, 14.5. ACANTHION LONGICAUDUM (Marsden). 1810. Hystrix longicauda MarspEN, History of Sumatra, ed. 3, 1811, p. 118, name only, without description, and pl. 13 n. 1., with legend, “The Landak, Hystrix longicauda. Published by W. Marsden, 1810.’ Type-locality, Sumatra. 1907. Acanthion crassispinis Lyon (not Giinther), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, p. 581, June 29, 1907. Three specimens of porcupine from southwestern Borneo may be referred to Acanthion longicaudum. It is not probable that the Bor- nean Acanthion is the same as the Sumatran one, but there is no satisfactory material from Sumatra in the U.S. National Museum to permit of comparisons, and no name so far as I know has been pro- posed for a Bornean Acanthion. In 1907 I applied Ginther’s name crassispynis * to the Bornean Acanthion. Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., has subsequently examined the type of that species in comparison with specimens of my Thecurus sumatrx * and reports that the two are congeneric, but distinct species. 1 Collector’s measurements. 3 Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1876, p. 736. 2 Type. 4 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, p. 581, June 29, 1907. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——8 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. The specimens collected by Doctor Abbott are as follows: (a) Cat. No. 153974, from the Kendawangan River, skull of a very young male, having but two cheek-teeth in each half of the jaw. This specimen has four upper incisors, a pair of slender rounded incisors lying in front of and resting on the anterior face of the usual incisors. They are scarcely large enough to be functional and remind one of the hinder pair of incisors found in the Lagomorphs. (6) Cat. No. 145572, from the Semandang River, skull, without skin. The per- manent molars are in place, but the milk molars have not yet been shed. (ce) Cat. No. 153737, skin and skull of an adult male from the Kendawangan River. Its principal measurements are: Head and body, from dried skin, 630 mm.; tail, from dried skin, 80; hind foot, from dried skin, 85; weight, 22 pounds (10 kgs.); greatest length of skull, 133; zygomatic width, 64; greatest length of nasals, 62. Poreupines seemed the usual inhabitants of caves [southeast Borneo], but except the one Trichys none were caught.—W. L. A. AILURIN PLANICEPS (Vigors and Horsfield). 1828. Felis planiceps Vicors and Horsrretp, Zool. Journ., vol. 3, p. 450, pl. 12. Type-locality, Sumatra. 1855. [Felis] (Ailurin) [planiceps], Gervais, Hist. Nat. Mamm., vol. 2, p. 87. Five specimens of this cat were secured in southwestern Borneo. For exact localities and measurements see table below. I have carefully compared this series with an adult female from the Siak River, Sumatra, and can find no characters by means of which the Bornean specimens may be distinguished from the one from Sumatra. External and cranial measurements of Ailurin planiceps. ——— S & | esis = Sl a SSeS _ 8 rs] ca & ° ° ie oe ke Qa | eed ee Cata- oO cI = 2 a eS Be Locality. logue | Sexandage. | & Boi Q a 2 HO |S No. S Aliceilieue Ss 2 eB os > SS. se ~ = a or ~ Pato) Bb - q im =) : : ° 3 S oo | CS elie =n ete | eas | eres || 3 Polig oo | ‘to | 5 2 {/Se2ls Sie )2)812 (8 | Sy ieee Pee Ee |) Ee | Sl ee ee ‘ : ? mm.| mm.| mm.) lbs. \|kilos.| mm.) mm.}| mm. } mm. | mm. ae Siak River, | 144119 | Female, adult.| 490 | 169 | 104 |..... so .| 92.0) | 56545) 2OVSN STs oilwoane Sumatra. Ss om pang River, | 145591 |.._-. dows 2 464 | 148] 99 41) 1.9 | 89.5 | 56.5 | 21.7 | 37.0 | 31.0 orneo. DOME Rote ceesee 145593 |..... Gove a saee 455 | 130] 99 33| 1.7 | 85.7 | 56.2 | 20.0 | 37.0 | 29.4 IDO pS toeee eceeaaee 145594 |..... Ol aeebeada besos 150 | 100 34| 1.5 | B9.7 | 56.3 | 20.5 | 36.7 | 32.0 be 1D OS Senererse -----| 145592 | Male, adult....| 505 | 135 | 107 43) 2.2 | 97.0 | 68.5 | 21.2 | 39.0 | 34.0 Kerdayangan River,| 153849 | Male(?),adult.| 446 | 149 | 102 4] 1.8] 90.0] 57.0] 21.2 |] 37.5 } 33.0 orneo. 1 Collector’s measurements. no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 115 FELIS BENGALENSIS, of authors. 1907. Felis bengalensis, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 559, December 24, 1907. Two skins with skulls from the Kendawangan River, an adult female and a young female. They are brighter in color and appar- -ently smaller in size than is the tiger cat from Sumatra. The young tiger cat from the Landak River recorded by me in 1907 is also brightly colored. An immature cat from Pahang, Malay Peninsula, of about the same age as the last is of the same dull color as that from Sumatra. Measurements of the adult female, Cat. No. 153845: Head and body, 495 mm.; tail, 195; hind foot, 110; weight, 4 pounds (1.8 kilos) ; ereatest length of skull, 84.7; condylo-basal length, 77.3; zygomatic breadth, 57.7; width of brain case above zygomata, 40.4; interorbital constriction, 14.6; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 26.0. . Stomach filled with rats.—W. L. A. ARCTICTIS BINTURONG (Raffles). 1822. Viverra? binturong Rarrues, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 253. Type-locality, Sumatra. Skin and skull of an immature female, Cat. No. 153840, from the Kendawangan River. The last permanent molars above are just level with alveoli. The skin is generally black, coarsely grizzled with buffy. Measurements—Head and body 700 mm.; tail, 688; hind foot, 121; weight, 13 pounds (5.9 kilos) ; condylo-basal length of skull, 123; zygomatic breadth, 64.3; width of brain case above roots of zygomata, 44,2; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 40.3. VIVERRA TANGALUNGA (Gray). 1832. Viverra tangalunga GRaAy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 63. 1906. Viverra tangalunga, Murer, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 61, July 23, 1906, Karimata Island. Eighteen specimens of Viverra tangalunga were collected by Doctor Abbott on Borneo, and one each on Pulos Panebangan, Bauwal, and Laut, and three on Karimata Island. (For measurements and exact localities in Borneo see table, p. 116.) = 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Measurements of Viverra tangalunga. ' : 3 a — Bee |: G) a ran : 2 ue |e Cata- ra = AS) BS Locality. logue Sex and age. 3 - Q B Is 3 No. LS ce |e 2 ET || sats eo} an ie) oD aol & ta 3 = q Os] qd 5p w o 3 = ne So BS cs} Hila |/asle 1S) N |a mm.| mm.| mm.|kilos.) mm. | mm. | mm. Bempene River 145338 | Male, adult.......-.-- 675 | 350 | 107 | 3.7 | 117.6 |} 58.0 | 46.8 Sam ace ee ae ..| 145339 | Female, adult........-| 685 | 325 | 104] 4.0 | 114.3 | 54.8 | 43.1 MORES of Gunong .-| 145340 | Female, young adult. .| 663 | 330 | 103 }|..... 113.7 | 54.3 | 44.0 Kumbang River .-| 145341 | Female, very young...) 515 | 240 | 94/1.8{ 98.9} 44.6 ]__... Kendawangan River. ..| 153842 | Male, adult........--. 635 | 300 | 104 | 3.0 | 111.0 | 58.3 | 44.2 DOR sees .-| 153843 | Female, adult......... 630 | 315 | 103 | 3.2 | 108.7 | 57.5 | 42.9 MO eaees ee eee b3844 Malev oldseeoe centre ee 620 }313] LOS "SQ leas oie eee Kiumpane Bay. ecsccsssescee 151868 | Female, young adult. .| 606 | 310 | 100 | 3.2} 107.5 | 53.1] 41.5 DO ses cece teas aed 151869 | Male, young adult.....] 600 | 335 | 103 | 2.7 | 110.2 | 54.5] 42.8 1D oa ee Set 151870 | Female, young adult..} 615 | 300 | 100 | 2.5] 109.4 | 54.0 | 42.6 IDO Soot soac ce c-cke acest aes 151871 | Male, adult........... 665 | 275 | 101} 4.0] 114.9 | 60.6) 44.6 DStALOKARIVED..aeece aes ce eerie 151872 | Female, adult......... 640 | 300 } 103 | 3.6 | 110.6 | 56.3 | 43.5 DOL Mee aceecesa nee cinense eee {518737 |p Male, Oldtasseeaseeeaee 662 | 315} 109 | 4.0] 115.5 | 61.4 | 45.3 Balik Papan Bay---2-.-.ce---- 154354 | Male, adult..........- 620 | 815 | 95] 3.2] 113.0 | 58.4 | 46.2 WO else cccewcindceeeceestere 1543553 Maleseoncnstaccecetccte 640 | 300} 98 | 3.4] 114.7 | 58.0 | 45.6 DO maces cease cee ce Soseaeee 154356) |o2 cee AO armeincceeins se see 600'310)1) 98) | 258i eee ees eeeee| Sane ID OS someeceimasictaetessaees 154357 | Male, uit Sanasauses. 605 | 315 | 100 | 3.2 | 110.0 | 57.3 | 43.4 DO seyaneeesc sos oncienesce ae T543858R| sae dOnt oan sete oee 643 | 320 | 106 | 3.6 | 113.9 | 59.6 | 44.7 Pulo Panebangan.........-... 145337 | Female, 0) (s Rea aese 650 | 310 | 105 | 4.7 | 111.4 | 59.0 | 41.7 Pulojauteeeoe ae ceccencene 151867 Female, adulteesoeeece 610 | 310 } 103 | 2.8} 111.8 | 53.5 | 43.6 Bulo;Bauwale.-cccactenss< cose Web S84ile | eee GO Seeecese ee eeeee 635 | 305 | 100 | 4.0 | 112.3 | 55.0 | 43.9 1Collector’s measurements. 2Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed to kilograms. PARADOXURUS PHILIPPINENSIS (Jourdan). 1837. Paradoxurus philippinensis JouRDAN, Comptes Rendus, vol. 5, p. 523, 1837. Type-locality, Philippine Islands, Luzon and Mindanao. 1885. Paradoxurus philippinensis, BLANFORD, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1885, p. 800. 1907. Paradoxurus philippinensis, Lyon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 559, December 24, 1907. Kapuas River region. Dr. W. L. Abbott has collected three additional specimens of Paradoxurus on Borneo since his first expedition in 1905, two. from the Sempang River and one from Klumpang Bay. I have followed Blanford in calling them P. philippinensis. Jourdan’s account is very meager and there are no really good specimens from the Philip- pines in the National Museum. Two skins collected by Dr. E. A. Mearns in the Philippine Islands, one of them young and the other without a skull, show no striking differences from the Bornean speci- mens. (For measurements see table, p. 117.) ARCTOGALIDIA STIGMATICA (Temminck). 1835. Paradoxurus stigmaticus TeMMINCcK, Esquisses Zool. Cote de Guiné, Ist part, Mamm., p. 120. Type-locality, Been (or Dusan) River, southern Borneo. 1907. Arctogalidia stigmatica, Lyon, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 559, De- cember 24, 1907. Landak River, Borneo. Two specimens from Klumpang Bay, southeastern Borneo. None were secured in the regions of the Kendawangan or Sempang rivers. Measurements.—See table, page 117. no.1809. MAINMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—-LYON. als ay Measurements of viverids. : 3 4 ge | 4/2 Cata- ay Epui| 2) PSeR Name. Locality. logue Sex and age. = é: a E |S No. 3 + a 3 AS) Ts q = : } =] w a oS Paichedl aod » a a) Ss TS Sg oOo | Oo q op oO 8 a a 3 AS) Os] ra S e) Bb ie) [o) 1S) aa al aa = - 1S) N Q's =| | Ay =| mm.| mm.| mm.| lbs. |kilos.| mm. | mm.| mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. Aru Bay, Su- | 143621 | Female, old...| 617 | 180 | 106 | 732} 3.5 | 121.0 | 61.0 | 35.8 | 43.0 | 10.2 | 48.7 matra. Siak River, Su- | 144122 | Male, young? .| 520 | 185 } 103 | 43) 2.2 | 110.0 | 53.3 | 36.5 | 41.5 | 15.0 | 47.0 matra. Kendawangan | 153848 |... .. Oeaeaee 440 | 150 | 90] 24/1.0]| 92.0 ) 46.0 |-36.0 | 37.7 | 17.8 |..-.. River, Bor- neo. Sempang Riv- | 145587 | Female, young | 650 | 140 | 111 | 10 | 4.5 | 122.4 | 61.2 | 37.3 | 46.5 | 13.2 | 49.3 er, Borneo. adult. Dorke ee 145588 | Female, adult | 648 | 200 | 110 | 12 | 5.4 | 123.5 | 66.0 | 38.8 | 45.5 | 14.2 | 50.3 Dore asses TARSSON eases dOea2esees 600 | 205 | 105 | 124} 5.6 | 120.0 | 66.0 | 40.7 | 48.0 | 14.8 | 47.0 Deb aes 145590!) PAC UNta: oe 8 3 | eee seco seer eee eae 19353) (640 | tS Ourdaleceet 13.4 | 49.8 Kendawangan | 153847 | Female, young} 595 | 120 | 102 | 7 | 3.2 | 114.0 | 60.0 | 37.5 | 45.0 | 13.0 | 47.5 River, Bor- adult. neo. LUTRA LOVII Giinther. 1876. Lutra lovii GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Borneo, opposite island of Labuan. 1907. Lutra lovii, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 560, December 24, 1907. Soc. London, p. 736. Type-locality, Two specimens from the Kapuas River region collected in 1905. 1Verh. Nat. Gesch. Neder]. Bezitt., pl. 17, 1839-1844. 2 Measurements by collector. 8 Last upper molars just appearing through alveolus. 4 Last milk molars and canines still in place. no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY LYON. 119 AONYX CINEREA (Illiger). 1815. Dutra cinerea Inticer, Abh. Akad. Berlin, 1811, 1815, p.99. Type-locality, near Batavia, Java. A specimen of the clawless otter, a young adult female, Cat. No. 151879, was taken on Pulo Laut. The teeth are moderately large, about the size found in a specimen from the Kinabatangan River, northern Borneo.!| The shape of the ascending ramus of the mandible closely resembles that of a specimen from Pulo Setoko, Rhio-Linga Archipelago.t. The skull is smaller than skulls of other clawless otters in the collection, but it-is not so old. Measurements —Head and body, 460 mm.; tail, 310; hind foot, 95; weight, 54 pounds, equals 2.5 kilos; basal length of skull, 79.3; zygomatic width, 58.9; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 29.6. PUTORIUS NUDIPES Desmarest. 1822. Mustela nudipes DesmMAREST, Mammalogie, p. 537, 1822. Type-locality, Java. 1842. Putorius nudipes, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat! Mamm., Table method., p. 3, 1842. One specimen was secured at Tjantung, southeastern Borneo. The general color of body, above and below, is tawny ochraceous. A narrow streak from occiput, over nape to between shoulders, and sides of neck, including front of shoulders, are a lighter and brighter tawny ochraceous; head, including ear, whitish or cream color; tail, between clay color and ochraceous, with the terminal third buffy. Measurements.—Head and body, 366 mm.; tail, 222; hind foot, 58. The single Putorius was shot as it was trying to enter a cave.—W. L. A. MUSTELA HENRICII Westerman. 1848-1854. Mustela ( Martes) henriciti WESTERMAN, Bijdr. Dierk, vol. 1, p. 13, and unnumbered plate. Type-locality, Padang, Sumatra. (See Jentink, Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, vol. 9, Cat. Osteol. Mamm. Leiden, 1887, p. 112.) 1901. Mustela flavigula henricti, Bonnore, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, p. 346, April, 1901. Doctor Abbott collected two specimens of the yellow-throated marten in southwestern Borneo and one in southeastern Borneo. By a singular coincidence the three Bornean specimens are all females, and two from Sumatra are both males. There are no essential differences between the skins from the different islands. One of the Bornean specimens, however, Cat. No. 145579, from Gunong Palung, is generally darker than any of the others, and the anterior portions of the upper parts are practically as dark as are the posterior por- tions and tail. The other four are distinctly bicolor above. The skulls and teeth of the Sumatra martens, the males, are distinctly 1 See Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, pl. 39, June 1, 1909. 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. ee a larger than those in the Bornean marten, the females. The differ- ‘ence in size is about the same as that usually found between the two sexes in the Mustelide. (For measurements see table below.) Measurements of specimens of Mustela henricii. 7 EB 4 Scie to a bes = =I at a ° : = 3 | oO 2 Cata- ih = hi ee Locality. logue Sex and age. 2 " 4 B pe Ss = Ie i si|. |? | 8 |S8)ee q 5 eas 3 3 Sees a C1 a S § ot 4S) so} oe oO bo se} iS 7 q S || SP Sl Bo Sel een ee lech yf feet pees) S Shirt a Sumatra: mm.|mm.|mm.|kilos.| mm. | mm. | mm.|mm. Maca am verona = mcusecs steer 144123 | Male, adult..... 445 1370) 99) | W402 ee eee 26.3 | 32.8 SOM Pel asus ec eee sea ae 144124 |___.. GOnaFe Se 458 | 340 | 100 | 1.8 |} 87.3 | 52.4 | 28.2 | 33.3 Borneo: Sand akans ves coaeense ce e2a70" |p memale sadullib: 2/2. =e. so] Sacer aaese eee 44.8 | 24.5 | 30.3 Sungei Matan.............. 1455785222 GOseeere cee 435 |:340°| 93 | 1.1 | 80.8 14727 | 2402") 2902 Gunons Paling esas. se s2e" TA5579 eee Oeste: 442 | 365 | 94 }....- 80.5 | 45.1 | 24.8 | 29.6 RamulkaneBayss-eenseeeee GIRS eee oe Gost aeaeeee LOB et0sy |) 10) |esose 81.2 | 46.9 | 24.3 | 31.1 1Collector’s measurements. : 2 Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed to kilograms. HELARCTOS EURYSPILUS Horsfield. 1826. Helarctos euryspilus HorsrieEtp, Zool. Journ., vol. 2, pp. 221-234, pl. 7. 1907. Helarctos euryspilus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 561, Decem- ber 24, 1907. Since 1905 Doctor Abbott secured seven additional specimens of the Bornean sun bear, six skulls obtained from natives in south- western Borneo, and a skin and skull collected at Pamukang Bay. The present series of skulls shows that the differences between the Bornean and Sumatran sun bears are not as great as I was led to believe in 1907, but the differences pointed out then, hold in the main, as may be seen on reference to the table of measurements on page 121. There is no doubt as to the distinctness of the two forms. The Sumatran specimens have smaller collars and the light area of the nose is more conspicuous than in the single Bornean skin. Bears seem to be pretty common wherever there is a plantation of cocoanuts. Some of the trees are said to be dead or dying as a result of their depredations. The bears climb up and eat the ‘‘heart” out of the palm. In a small grove of about ninety trees, near Tanjong Pamukang, the bears had destroyed about half the trees. It was full moon during my stay there, so the owners said it was no use to watch for bears, as they only came out on dark nights. The Dutch authorities took away all the guns about a year ago, so now the animals have it all their own way.—W. L. A. no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. neal Measurements of Bornean and Sumatran sun bears. rset | Odea le en | eae | rcs See ie ee > (aele leuligelecige| =) je | ae q j2ei% (ssiM (ssid 1a ise | oe 45 wae |S Re] OO La [Sy Ea | i = “EIA \BE |S |SE|SelSel Bee. | az wa @ oP Se Bae Se 4 wo pal oa ie Dimensions. HVA | shoes | Swloag| a ae ae STS | ee cty|osrno 818 & 38 © So| OM loots 59 - w] S/BS/Se Base Ba) 6s Sw | em é 2 oF a 5 | alr = air S col 8 S cM a zel24e|oe|sel|os|Salos| of |S 53] og Ba" 4g |4e AGIZTI A" ALE 28 eles ts clea Ne a, ce fe eal OCP |OM Oy Woy oe oa Sebel |S) S TEAC STEN (TIES ONT OU As ee nt eer ee ee mim | 89) ooo US|" se eee 2068 | Reena 194} 215 203 BASieumlemeGhiove sents cose a Sale cs cece MTN eLSON eee = iC eee Gaee 2025 aaa 190 | 210 199 Condylo-basal length... ...2......2..-+-.-- evade 2)) 20 neee US loeers lie ae ee 220\|- 52-8 210 | 234 220 TPADIIGH IF te yO aS ae ee ee mm..| 102 | 108 | 100} 93] 94/109 | 102] 110| 117 114 Gmreatesienethyss 5s eee, Sethe mm. .| 222 | 220 | 216 | 205 |..... 243 | 222 | 235} 256 230 ZV SOMALIC WIG « |Ss Lo} a oS 3 45 po} io} =i : ) = 20 s bem) 5 Q ° q q K a iS) ta iS) 3 5 Hla.je.|e8 |) es be Powe mm.|mm.|mm.)mm.| mm. |mm.| mm. | mm Pteropus speciosus..) 151893 | PuloSolombo Besar| Female | 182 |..--.- LOU S84 0n ec 54.0 | 21.4 DOs a ces-sazeecins 151894 |...-- Oe wae eo see Oveas| ul Sail cance 1065) (565) 42305 | Faas 54.0 | 21.5 DO Meera eee 151896 |..-.- GOSS ee ahiasenie Male. 1955) ee eae 119 O44. Ou eae 57.0 | 22.0 IDO shee este A5USO Tce GOs eet esac Female} 205 |....- PAL tye ORO) || ssi 56.0 } 21.3 DON esata 151898 | Pulo Mata Siri. .---. Sdos=s|4205n Sees 1250) 550] 40R0 Nee ces 58.0 | 22.1 pial se vampyrus.| 153861 | Kendawangan River| Male. 298 |.---- 184 | 90 | 60.0 }..... 76.0 | 28.5 Sees 153862 sia a eae [spn 206 |22 20.2222 2] 857] 58508 | Sa as eee OnieAs AO De Bee ecaaHeses GSTS eces eC gecseccososs Female | 288 |....-]...-- Si |Po9s0ll feeee 75.0 | 28.4 DO tie see sccese 151901 Tae vane Bay..--| Male...| 292 |....- 185, \|\ 835/57 OM eeares 75.0 | 29.5 WD) O's eeiristaraciceee 151902 |.-.--- GOs coe eeceiscecn lane do.. 276) | eet 175) | 85 | 5630))|- ose 71.0. | 28.4 DOORS Season 1STOUST Beers GOs 22.c--Seenee 2202 e ce) 292 oaen 179 | 84 | 64.0 ]...-- 75.0 | 29.3 1D Lc ee eee 1519035 |eneee dosnacectceeeease Female | 260 }.-..-- 190 | 86 | 57.0 |..<.-| 72.0 | 30.1 IDS asce cee ee T519TO}|Beeee GOs seco eosscee NOs 280 nN seeee 178 | 89 | 62.0 }....- 71.0 | 27.5 DOe agers Shee A5LOLT jos =< Ora esas Seca se .do. 280i —ce2 184 88 | 60.0 |...-- 75.0 | 28.8 Cynopterus brachyo- | 145626 | Sempang River....| Male 71 | 10! 638] 23}13.2] 141 26.5) 9.4 tis brachyotis. J DO sn. soecescese 145627" ):2-2- Glee eeeecaaaese Female | 80 9) GL} 26) 18h 18) 26S 7alieese9 WD OAc: cossesaee 145628 |...-- dO: cantenaee eaedoOus 73 9] 61) 25°) 13.20) Woe 2os2aeoee DORE e sees ereer 153865 | Kendawangan River} Male. 100 9) (625) 225 A On ees Pet ||, 425) ID OR ese) aes 153887 |.---- GOse eee se eane Female} 73 9 64 25 | 15.0 14.| 26.0] 8.8 DO neva ca scene 153889 |.---- GOS; sae ee eee Male. 21 9 60} 22 | 12.2 bh Wea [eres 8.8 DOs ttc esscce 153892 |.---- GON oases Female} 65 9} 61] 23) 18.4) 14) 25:0))*8.2 WO see sehe sence 153894 |...-.- COs os sate swore 25022-2575: | 9100}) (62) 9255) ABo5s| asm moe: DOs sheeccetses 153896 |..--. (6 (eet pre =.d022 79 10 62 25 | 14.5 14 | 26.6] 9.3 DO ees occas 153882 | Batu Jurong ...--- Male. ot lleeoee lace Sel eee | Sees eee 26.0] 9.2 DOR es ates 151892: | -Pamukang Bay<---|)Memalel|Ssen. (Sse seco peeee sac) see 26.1 | 8.7 Cynopterus brachyo- |! 151891 | Pulo Mata Siri. .--- Males 22\2. dleteedliec eae asso hee cee | Secee See 10.0 tis insularum. CPE sae soe TT51987 \5---- Objs eae esos Female| 82| 13] 67] 27] 15.2] 16) 29.2 | 10.0 1 Paratype. MEGADERMA SPASMA CARIMATZ: (Miller). 1906. Megaderma carimate Miter, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 63, July 23, 1906. 1907. Megaderma carimatey, ANDERSEN and WrouauHTon, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, p. 183, February, 1907. Thirty-one specimens from Karimata Island. carimate is evidently closely related to the Bornean form of J. spasma, differing mainly by its rather longer ear and shorter tibia. MEGADERMA SPASMA TRIFOLIUM (Geoffroy). Megaderma spasma 1907. Megaderma spasma trifolium ANDERSEN and WrouaGutTon, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, p. 132, February, 1907. Eleven specimens from a small islet northeast of Pulo Bauwal, five from Batu Jurong, and five from Pulo Lamukotan. (For measurement see table, p. 136.) These bats were roosting in some small caves on the seashore, just above high-water mark. 1878. Phyllorhina larvata, Dosson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 137. HIPPOSIDEROS LARVATUS (Horsfield). 1906. Hipposideros larvatus, MituER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 64, July 23, 1906. Karimata Island specimens. no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 129 (oe I A ee Twenty-seven specimens from the Pangkallahan River, one from the upper Pasir River, four from Pulo Panebangan, six from Pulo Serutu, Karimata Islands, all preserved in alcohol. (for measurements see table, p. 130.) HIPPOSIDEROS DYACORUM Thomas. 1902. Hipposideros dyacorum Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 9, p. 271, April, 1902. Seven specimens preserved in alcohol from Sungei Matan. (For measurements see table, p. 130.) Hanging under a rock on Bukit Sepunchok.—W. L. A. HIPPOSIDEROS GALERITUS Cantor. 1878. Phyllorhina galeritz, DoBson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 141. Twenty-two specimens from Panebangan Island, fourteen from the Pangkallahan River, and eleven from the upper Pasir River, all preserved in alcohol. (For measurements see table, p. 130.) Taken in a large cave near Lowatsi (the Pasir River specimens).—W. L. A. HIPPOSIDEROS INSOLENS, new species. Type.—Adult male preserved in alcohol, skull removed, Cat. No. 154389, U.S.N.M., collected near Lowatsi on the upper Pasir River, southeastern Borneo, December 31, 1908, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 6274. Diagnostic characters.—Related to Hipposideros galeritus, but fore- arm, tail, and tibia distinctly longer, though skulls are of the same size. Color.—Type: Specimen taken out of alcohol and temporarily dried. On back general color mummy brown. When the fur is blown open, the terminal third or half of the hairs is seen to be mummy brown, the basal portions Prout’s to wood brown; the extreme narrow base of the hairs is buffy. Underparts, terminal por- tions of hairs, isabella color, extreme basal portion buffy, and inter- mediate portion dark wood brown. Membranes and naked portions of ears, the usual blackish brown color seen in bats. Nose-leaf.—Vertical posterior portion divided by three vertical ridges into four cells, frontal sac in male only, opening by a transverse slit, two secondary cutaneous leaflets, external to and on each side of horseshoe. Ears.—Short and broad, tip reaching to anterior border of horse- shoe when laid forward, furred almost to the tip on outer side, and anterior and posterior margins well furred inside. Height above crown, 1l1mm.; from meatus, 13; width, 13. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——9 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. Wings, membranes, etc.—Wings from the tarsus, interfemoral membrane well developed. Forearm, 52 mm.; thumb, 7; first finger, 42; second finger, 72; third finger, 58; fourth finger, 58; tibia, 21; foot, 8; calcar, 9; tail, 38. Skull and teeth—The skull and teeth of Hipposideros vnsolens show no difference from those of H. galeritus, not even in size, in spite of the fact that H. insolens is a much larger bodied animal. The principal measurements of the type skull are: Greatest length, 17.7 mm.; zygo- matic width, 9; mastoid width, 9; interorbital constriction, 2.7; max- illary tooth-row, including canine, 5.8. Specimens examined.—The type and two other specimen, females, all in alcohol, from the same locality. Remarks.—Hipposideros insolens is readily distinguished from H. galeritus by its distinctly larger body size. (See table of measure- ments below.) The skulls of the two forms, however, are curiously enough indistinguishable. This is undoubtedly another instance of the not unusual occurrence among bats of two closely related species differing only or mainly in size. Measurements of Hipposideros. | aS ty @ | go oD > ; : a Cata- 2 sels ahs Name. Tone Locality. Sex. | 8 . q.| 84 Z + rool = bs 8 5 E | 2 | So so) male 3 os) ee es S38 | S44 Sse ee q Bi ey a a oa Oo | ao i mm.|mm.| mm.| mm. |} mm. |mm.| mm. |mm. Hipposideros larva- | 152067 | P ae gkallahan | Male...| 67} 382 | 65.0 | 25.0 | 12.5) 15 | 23.0) 9.0 tus. iver. | Does ea. -|) Lo2068: |saase do............-| Female} 59 37 | 62.0 | 25.0 | 12.5 18 | 21.5] 8.5 D) Ques seme 152079 |....- ro lo eee see Male...| 58} 34] 62.0] 24.0) 138.0] 18 | 22.2} 8&9 Dope eee reas 52080 Moose 6 (os a es EOE do....| 62 | -32 | 63.0 | 24.0 | 12.5 18 | 22.3] 8.7 DOr cciccnce 152089 |....- GOenssee eee | emaleiii64 37 | 64.0 | 23.0 | 12.0 17 | 22.2 8.6 Dore eee 154387 | Upper Pasir River.| Male...| 64] 32] 64.0] 24.0] 12.0] 18 | 22.4] 9.0 DON eas wessines 145608 | Pulo Panebangan.|...do....| 67] 32} 62.0] 25.0] 13.0] 16] 21.2] 83 TD Ones eee ore | L456 CON |sesee Gol eee ees PLlemaleie Gl 34 | 62.0 | 24.0 | 12.5 19} 21.4] 8.7 IDOE Se eecosase| Palebayalles see GOS sess sceneee | see GOsass| gon 28 | 61.0 | 22.0] 12.0] 18) 20.0} 80 Hipposideros dya- | 145692 | Matan River.....-|... dos.c2| 39") 9215): 4255) i720) Seon ele a eos atone corum. , WO basssscoseene|| Uebel |e. Osh. Sects s- eee Gos. 52) 42) 21) 42. 0 ALES) NS3ON tsa TON one Hipposideros gale- | 152057 | Pangkallahan | Male...) 40] 23 | 42.5] 17.4] 80] 11]149] 5.7 Titus. River. DObsceseiee cece LOZ Sane Goa eee) bemale; || 4 21 | 42.0] 15.0} 83 12/142] 5.6 On seecee sneer alo 2000 ml merce Ou -cct ee. eee Malesia) 445), 22544 One 2s teSa0 1) | SAG ba, Do............-| 154391 | Upper Pasir River.| Female} 42] 22] 45.0] 17.2] 8.0] 12]15.7| 5.9 IDK ee Seeceoeec| day Sept eee e GOs Ee Sees Male...) 44] 21] 45.0] 18.0] 8.5] 12/)15.7] 6.0 DOr ese eeteteiee asl aloaSOB Alem oe do........-.-.-| Female| 45\| 24) 47.0.) 18.0 |) 850) 227 4sSG30) Dorses jesee =| o4g9 A eee dos. tee ee Male...) 45 | 23 | 44.0] 18.0) 7.5 | 12°) 15.1) ) 6:9 Do.............| 145615 | Pulo Panebangan_|_-do...:|, 42 | 24 | 46.0)| 18.4 | 8/5 || 227) 15s6)/ oss Dosey. Shee 145688 |... .. Gott eee Female; 44] 22] 47.0] 18.0] 9.0 IPA) IGN) ast} DObeeenceeicice| L45680n ance Gloeeoeceee eae =. 25/4720) 18755) ‘S20n|Setouelozon| moa, eTipeonaeros inso- | 154388 | Upper Pasir River.| Female| 49 | 38 | 52. 22.0 | 8.2) 12] 15.5) 6.0 ens. DOee cases tis cere 1154389 |..... GOs ccc ----c2-|) Maleens|) 44:1) 838; P5270) 2100 SxOn | lmtlia elon m moses Doss ates esee| ossIO eee do.............| Female} 49 | 36] 51.0] 22.0] 87] 12|)15.7)| 5.8 1 Type. no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 10) RHINOLOPHUS TRIFOLIATUS Temminck. 1905. Rhinolophus trifoliatus, ANDERSEN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 16, p. 249, August, 1905. 1907. Rhinolophus trifoliatus, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 563, Decem. ber 24, 1907. One specimen from along the Kapuas River in 1905, and four others on later expeditions, three from the Kendawangen River and one from the Sampanahan, all preserved in alcohol. (For measurements see table, p. 132.) Hanging beneath a palm leaf in dense hill jungle (Sampanahan River speci men).—W. L. A. RHINOLOPHUS AFFINIS Horsfield. 1824. Rhinolophus affinis HorsFiELp, Zool. Research, Java. Fourteen specimens from the Pangkallahan River, and five from, the upper Pasir River, all preserved in alcohol. (For measurements see table, p. 132.) Taken in a large cave near Lowatsi (of the Pasir specimens).—W. L. A. RHINOLOPHUS BORNEENSIS Peters. 1861. Rhinolophus borneensis, PeteRS, Monatsber. Akad. Berlin, 1861, p. 709. Five specimens in alcohol from Pulo Panebangan. (For measurements see table, p. 132.) RHINOLOPHUS BORNEENSIS SPADIX (Miller). 1906. Rhinolophus borneensis spadiz, MituER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 64, July 23, 1906. Three specimens from Pulo Serutu and two from Karimata, col- lected in 1904. NICTERIS! JAVANICUS (Geoffroy). 1813. Nycteris javanicus Grorrroy, Ann. Mus. Paris, vol. 20, p. 20. : One specimen preserved in alcohol, from the Upper Pasir River. (For measurements see table, p. 136.) In a small cave in limestone rock.—W. L. A. 1See Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 22, p. 90, April 17, 1909. I have used the name Nicteris in- stead of Petalia, as by recommendation of the International Code Nicteris is a different term from Nycteris. 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. Se Measurements of Rhinolophus. a pie} to | ES Spore : : i) aS mb q = |c > Cata- : ue) E elke © Name. logue Locality. Sex. 8s ° % 2s No. ro iy 2 oe bs a 5 ‘ g 2 |S eo B rd = 6 ° & q ime) vo cs} ) = ° i) io} os oie | & |e & || oO jas mm.| mm.| mm.| mm. | mm. | mm.) mm. | mm. Rhinolophus trifo- | 153960 | Kendawangan Male....| 54] 34] 49 | 24.0] 12.0] 21 | 20.5) 83 liatus. River. ID Oe aes eeec eis NSSOO Seas ae GOK aabaceeces Female .| 53] 32] 51 | 26.0] 13.0{ 22 ].-..-..- 8.4 WMO ncsteee sock 153962) |Ss-e6 Goes ancestors WET dO asc]: eOON|ero* 52 | 27.0] 14.0] 23} 21.4 8.3 ID Oy oauseocond. 152090 | Sampanahan Riv- |...do...-| 57 | 31 53 | 28.0 | 14.5] 22] 21.7] 88 er. Rhinolophus affinis.| 152045 Pangkallahan | Male....| 50] 20 47 | 22.0] 11.0] 15] 19.0] 80 River. IDOZe tees eeoe = 1152047 ||. -=-< CO eeeenseeeee Female .| 50} 20) 49 | 23.0] 11.5] 17) 19.5) 84 Dope eeee 154402 | Upper Pasir River.| Male....| 47 D1 | 48>) 22.0) 1150) ve elOe Tale esao 1D Nase Beeceee 154404 |..... oy eeererearscee dos. .| 47 | 227) 49) (23200 125i Seda O Ss feeset IDG soncssasces 154406 |...-- dor aco Female .| 47] 20] 49 | 23.0] 12.0] 18 | 20.4) 8.3 Rhinolophus borne- | 145611 | Pulo Panebangan. Male....| 44] 92) 42))-18°5 | 955)) dol) aOR eee ensis : DOM seeeceee VASO IZ eee (a ASeeesaeer Female .| 44] 21 43] 19.0| 8.6] 15) 16.9] 7.2 DO seer se ote 145699 |....- 0)... ceemesesce don ail 743. e2Us|) 43/8831 2.950) | Pe lOn el Onlmemen EMBALLONURA MONTICOLA Temminck. 1838. Emballonura monticola TemmincK, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch. Physiol. Leiden, vol. 5, p. 25. Type-locality, Java. Seven specimens from the Matan River, ten from the Saratok River, Klumpang Bay. (For measurements see table, p. 133.) Brought by a Malay boy who said he got them under an overhanging rock. * * * Brought by a Malay boy who said he got them in a cave. W. L. A. EMBALLONURA ANAMBENSIS Miller. 1900. Emballonura anambensis Mutter, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, p. 236, August 20, 1900. Type-locality, Anamba Islands. 1906. Emballonura anambensis MituER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 63, July 23, 1906. In addition to the twenty-six bats of this species collected on Karinata Island in 1904 Doctor Abbott secured nineteen others in 1908. Five specimens from Pulo Panebangan may be referred to the same species. (For measurements of the Panebangan specimens, see table, p. 133.) EMBALLONURA PUSILLA, new species. Type.—Adult female, preserved in alcohol, and skull removed, Cat. No. 153940, collected at Mankol, Kendawangan River, south- western Borneo, September 29, 1908, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 6223. Diagnostic characters.—Like the Bornean form of Emballonura monticola, but with a distinctly smaller skull. No. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 1338 Color.—Type: Dried out of alcohol temporarily, hair of upper parts between seal and mummy brown, becoming much lighter at base, like a pale sepia; under parts similar to a rather dark Broccoli brown, with the hairs of the throat and chin inclining toward russet; ears, membranes, etc., blackish. Skull and teeth.—Essentially like those of the Bornean Emballonura monticola, but distinctly smaller and weaker ; Space between the canine and the large premolar distinctly less in the smaller bat. Measurements—Type: Head and body, 36 mm.; tail, 9; forearm, 44; thumb, 6; first finger, 35; second finger, 60; third finger, 44; fourth finger, 43; tibia, 17; foot, 8; ear from crown, 9; greatest length of skull, 13.3; zygomatic width, 8.3; greatest width of brain case, 6.5; interorbital constriction, 2.8; greatest superior width of rostrum, 5.3 ; maxillary toothrow, including canine, 5.; mandibular toothrow, including canine, 5.2. Also see table below. Specimens examined.—Four, two from the Kendawangan River and two from the Pangkallahan River. Hanging beneath a rock in the forest.—W. L. A. Measurements of Emballonura. | E re] ae nse .| @ 153 Cata- mB q = = a Name. logu Locality. Sex. Ss Belay iliac No. a q a q Lo} . 2 a ho qa q g ° as E Pee S| b% {Ss ho] . S 3 43 & oO = Ss = 3S ° q fa & 3S iS) = is) a 3 s Bia |e] ae is ica) Oo la mm.) mm.| mm.| mm.| mm. | mm.) mm. | mm. Emballonura monti- | 145658 | Matan River..___. Female .| 43] 11] 48] 18] 8.5 1] 13.8] 5.9 cola. WOR Stay 2 eee 145659 |... 2. doles: hae aaaliees dos. --|| 46 11 48 19] 8.6 12} 14.4] 6.1 DONS eae 45660) | Hoe sad Oe an tne! | nn Gosseee|, 43 13 47 17 8.0 10| 14.0] 5.8 LDDs ao Oat eek Bae 145664522 SO tees De Male....] 43 13 48 19| 8.2 Lt ASS 6.0 DOEA et oe eae 152099 | Saratok River.....} Female .| 47] 11 7 190 282451) it T4eoe 650) DOSS ogee a 15 2L00U sees CVn el eer eel ae doer ae |e 4212) AGA e190) eve gn le toned 527 DOtete ee TSZTODH Ronen Ose eater aoe] hoe Goss. -2|).4 13 47 18] 8.2 10 | 14.3 6.0 Emballonura anam- | 145665 | Pulo Panebangan.|...do.....| 42] 11]..... LA 820) Sali se eae bensis. DOp ee escecsoes 145666 |... .. dorecthee rar silees doc: 2) 43 11 47 18] 8.6 P13) 4 a7 Dower 145669 |_.... GOreee re eee! Gor) Az 13 45 uy 8.4 FT) 1355) | 5a7. Emballonura pusilla | 153939 | Kendawan gan |...do.....) 41] 12] 45] 17] 8.0] 10] 12.5] 5.2 River. Doe Tose eS 1539401)... Ole Hp C4 oma ieee do.....| 36 PE a ECHO) 9} 12.4] 5.0 DOP socee eee 152091 | Pangkallahan |...do..... 40 13 42 17 8.5 9} 12.5 |)- 5.0 River. 1 Type. MYOTIS CARIMATZ Miller. 1906. Myotis carimate Minter, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 62, July 23, 1906. Two specimens collected on Karimata in 1904 and three from the Kendawangan River in 1908. The mainland specimens do not ap- pear to be different from the island form. (For measurements see table, p. 136.) 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. MYOTIS MURICOLA (Gray). 1841. Vespertilio muricola Hopason, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 10, p. 908 (Nomen nudum). 1846. Vespertilio muricola Gray, Cat. Spec. Draw. Mamm. Birds Nepal and Thibet, presented by B. H. Hodgson to British Museum, p. 4. 1907. Myotis muricola, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 563, December 24, 1907. Thirty-seven specimens from Mankol, Kendawangan River, nine from the Sempang River, and forty-one from Pulo Laut, all preserved in alcohol. (For measurements see table, p. 136.) Caught roosting in plantain leaves. Roosting in curled-up young banana leaves. Roosting in the folds of the mainsail, out near the end of the main boom.—W. L. A. GLISCHROPUS TYLOPUS (Dobson). 1875. Vesperugo (Glischropus) tylopus Dosson, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 473. 1907. Glischropus tylopus, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 563, December 24, 1907. Fifty-six specimens from the Kapuas River region, collected in 1905. KERIVOULA HARDWICKII (Horsfield). 1825. Vespertilio hardwickii HorsFieLp, Zool. Researches in Java. 1907. Kerivoula hardwickii, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 563, December 24, 1907. One specimen from the Kapuas River in 1905. KERIVOULA BOMBIFRONS, new species. Type.—Preserved in alcohol, skull removed, adult male, Cat. No. 145616, U.S.N.M., collected along the Matan River, western Borneo, August 15, 1907, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 5497. Diagnostic characters —A small member of the genus, light in color, with large ears, apparently rather closely related to Kerivoula pellu- cida Waterhouse from the Philippines, but middle incisors not unusu- ally slender, and membranes and legs more hairy. Color.—Type; temporarily dried from alcohol: Upper parts, a light wood brown with a slight tint of cmnamon; under parts, a light ecru drab, but rather dull; wing membranes, brownish something between Prout’s and hair brown; bases of hairs lighter in color than tips; uro- patagium similar in color to fur of upper parts. Membranes, etc.—Uropatagium moderately well furred, hairs at free edge not longer or more numerous than elsewhere; legs and dorsum of foot quite well furred; forearm, and carpus and bases of fingers with rather scant, short hairs; edge (width of 4mm.) of mem- brane from foot to fifth digit, hairy to about same extent as uro- patagium, membrane between elbow and foot moderately haired. no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 135 Ears.—Large, extending about 3 mm. beyond end of muzzle when laid forward; inner margin uniformly convex; outer margin with a very obtuse angle about opposite tip of tragus; tragus, long (8.5 mm.) slender (1.7 mm. wide at base), tapering gradually to a point, at lower outer angle, a small obtuse lobe, projecting about 0.5 mm. Skull—Brain-case rather narrowed from side to side but consider- ably enlarged and swollen from above downward, anteriorly; inter- orbital region narrow (3 mm.); a small concave depression at base of rostrum, in front of interorbital constriction; as the skull rests on its natural base the facial portion is much tilted upward; or with the skull resting on the maxillary toothrow, the cranial portion is much tilted upward; in comparison with K. hardwickii and K. picta, the portion of the palate posterior to the toothrow is very narrow (about 1.5 mm. as to 2.0 mm.) Teeth.—Very similar to those in the Kapuas River specimen of Kerwoula hardwickvi, except that m' is more compressed antero- posteriorly, pm? has a slightly greater crown surface and less vertical depth as compared with the other upper premolars; the lower pre- molars in X. bombifrons are relatively slightly larger and with greater antero-posterior diameter than they are in H. hardwickii, especially the middle premolars. Measurements.—Head and body, 39 mm.; tail, 40; forearm, 30; second digit, 30; third finger, 60; fourth finger, 47; fifth finger, 41; tibia, 14; foot, 9; ear from crown, 12; ear, tip to tip (without stretch- ing), 25; greatest breadth of ear, 11; condylo-basal length of skull, 13; maxillary tooth-row, including canine, 5.6; mandibular tooth- row, front of canine to back of last molar, 6.2; zygomatic width, 7.8; width of brain-case, 6.8. Specimens examined.— One, the type. Remarks.—The only other species of Kerwoula hitherto recorded from Borneo are hardwickuvi,' pusilla,’ and papillosa.s From K. hard- wicku, K. bombifrons differs conspicuously in its narrower skull, anteriorly inflated brain-case, narrower interorbital constriction, and by its lighter color; from K. pusilla, by its generally larger size and distinctly larger ears; and from K. papillosa by its much smaller size, relatively larger ears, and relatively larger incisors. Shot while hanging from a leaf in dense forest.—W. L. A. 1 See page 134. 2 Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 14, p. 461, December, 1894. 83 Hose, Mammals of Borneo, p. 40, 1893. 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ee nn nee EEE Measurements of bats. VOL. 40. , in- xillary toothrow cluding canine. Fg 3 = nO WO. = Se oe rr) q ~ op aoe Cata- ai E as Name. logue Locality. Sex. & ° ae No. o ss ° Qu q iS Hilé 3 Ua i>) = = : cS a gpl lcz ye S18 |S. \ Seely saa eee | ee ee Vee less mm.|mm.| mm. | mm. | mm. |mm.| mm Nycteris javanica.| 154386 | Upper Pasir River.| Female .| 63 | 58 | 47.0 | 27.0 | 11.0] 25 | 19.0 Megaderma spas- | 153877 | Batu Jurong. ....-- Male....| 70 0 | 61.0 | 35.0 | 19.0] 28 | 19.7 ma trifolium. DoMeececcse ASSO eee On Sie teers eels cae) (a8) QO | 57. 0: | 84°70) 17.0) |) 26 |) 2085 ID Osea erels P5a88ON ees. Osa Fe apeciill AOo 0 | 56.0 | 35.0} 17.0 | 29 | 20.8 WW Gereetoce sce TBS Se lees GRRE amncaerce Female .| 71 0 | 60.0 | 35.0 | 18.0} 28 MD Oesiiceas = 153866 | Pulo Bauwal, small} Male....| 77 OF SSL0M SOLON een eres 20.5 islet northeast ol. DOs eos 153869 Female .| 61 0 | 56.0 | 31.0} 17.0} 28 | 19.5 DOs Ast eee 153870 |.. RAO SE Solhe ZA0) 0 | 58.0 | 35.0} 16.0 | 31 | 20.5 DOS ee toe: 153872 Male....| 64 0 | 56.0 | 34.0} 17.0] 30 | 20.0 ID Oziceee os 145576 Female .|..... 0 | 60.0 | 35.0 | 18.0 )--..- 20.5 Doweseeees 145653 eedOee || 60 0 | 59.0 | 34.0 | 18.0 30 | 20.2 DOs oss 145654 Male....| 63 0 | 59.0 | 34.0} 19.0] 31 | 20.3 Dose saceee 145657 Female .| 65 0 | 60.0 | 33.0 | 18.0 31 | 20.0 Kerivoula bombi- |!145616 | Matan River .......| Male....| 39 | 40 | 30.0] 14.0] 9.0] 12] 13.0 frons Myotis carimat& .| 153936 en yer et 7 doe 44 | 35 | 38.0] 18.0) 11.0; 11] 14.0 iver. DOse cee eens IGBERV | bsooe GOL Lee eea Oe e ea 40. 805\208200! LSIOn TAO Meta aor Doris cer = 153938 |...-- Conese Seer Female 45 33 | 38.5 | 18.0 | 11.0 11} 14.5 Myotis muricola..| 145617 | Sempang River....| Male. 39 | 34 | 33.4] 14.5] 7.2] 10] 18.2 Om st cen sey 145619! |... (oo) eae he ee Female .| 388 30 | 32.4 |) 14.5 er} 10 | 12.5 DORA ceeccr 1456230\|esese Clee ereereees Male....| 37 | 30] 33.0] 14.0} 7.6] 10) 12.9 DOasocdes se 153899 Keene awangan| Female.| 40] 35 | 33.5] 14.5} 7.2] 11] 13.0 iver. IDO AN Seanoade 1538902) se ece ho Sn as ae Male. =2|| °37)\|/ 32) 3229") 15304) S70) | el09)) 30 1D) OScos sane 153903) |. ...,- GOei reso siese. Female .| 40] 36} 32.8 | 14.8] 7.5] 11 | 13.0 DOs oe tke 153904 |...-- OOS. bsas2asecee ==do 38 30) | 80.0. |)Los0 How) TE SRS DW Ose coeteeee 1539845 Ssee Oem oanooccee 23d0% 87 | 36: 1535:'05|) 15290) ash), ila ales i DY os eee aa 152010 | Pulo Laut: 222522. - Male. 38-1 36 [33203152578 ele een IDOn ao as V52019' 2-2: GOs eee: =d0: 39 82 | 34.0 | 16.0 Ha.) 10 | 13.0 1D Yoyan Beene 152082))|beees GO onssseeese ..do- 39> |) 321534501 TSA6r Tess elon een One = scien 1520047 |22en- GO aint eee Female 38 37 | 35.0 | 16.4 7.8 ni) alse Dore see S202 702 aoe GO-lnske hte Z2do% 38 35 | 34.0 | 15.5 7.6 1f >) 1323 DOs 2.222% 1520345)|22e~- ile eeecocsee ice do. 37 37 | 35.0 | 16.0 7.4 10 |} 12.5 1 Type. TARSIUS BORNEANUS Elliot. Souler Cre Sri ouere Sri ONE s Cre OU NCTC, SAGO Sg NSIS 100 SC a DPW RE RRWNO NWEHOW TY QAwWwwroRmMo oO 1907. Tarsius tarsier, Lyon, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus.,vol.33, p. 565, December 24, 1907. 1910. Tarsius borneanus Exxtot, Bull. Amer. Mus Nat. Hist., vol. 28, p. 153, May 27, 1910. Four specimens collected by Doctor Abbott in western Borneo in 1905. NYCTICEBUS BORNEANUS Lyon. 1906. Nycticebus borneanus Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 5385, Novem- ber 9, 1906. 1907. Nycticebus borneanus, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 565, December 24, 1907. Nine specimens from western Borneo, collected by Doctor Abbott in 1905. PITHECUS NEMESTRINUS (Linnzus). 1766. [Simia] nemestrina Linnaus, Syst. Nat., vol. 1, 12th ed., p. 35. Type- locality, Sumatra. 1907. Macaca nemestrina, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 565, December 24, 1907. (Landak and Sakaiam rivers specimens.) no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON,. 17 Three specimens, a skin and skull from Sukadana, an odd weathered skull from the Kendawangan River, and a skin and skull from Pamu- kang Bay. The two skins have hairs that are distinctly annulated, and the skulls are of the narrow type, quite unlike the skin and skull of the type of P. broca Miller + from northern Borneo. (For measurements see table, p. 138.) PITHECUS MANDIBULARIS Elliot. 1907. Macaca fascicularis, Lyon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 565, Decem- ber 24, 1907. 1910. Pithecus mandibularis Exuiot, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 347, August 6, 1910. Only one specimen of the usually common Malay long-tailed macaque was obtained by Doctor Abbott in Borneo, on the Sungei Sama, near Pontianak, in 1905. (For measurements see table, p. 138.) PITHECUS CARIMAT Elliot. 1906. Macaca fascicularis MiLER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 65, July 23, 1906. 1910. Pithecus carimate ExxiioT, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 346, August 6, 1910. Two skins and skulls from Telok Pai, Karimata Island, collected by Doctor Abbott in 1904. (For measurements see table, p. 138.) PITHECUS CUPIDUS Elliot. 1910. Pithecus cuprdus Eviiot, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 348, August 6, 1910. Skin and skull and an odd weathered skull from Pulo Mata Siri. (For measurements see table, p. 138.) PITHECUS BAWEANUS Elliot. 1910. Pithecus baweanus Evutot, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, p. 347, August 6, 1910. Two skins and skulls from Bawean Island. (For measurements see table, p. 138). 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 29, p. 558, Feb. 3, 1906. 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL M USEUM. vou. 40. nce Sanaa ana an nEISaEnERRRERIREIRRRSRR ERE Re reeennen eee astneintearnnIaERURET ERT Measurements of Pithecus. 5 z Br) eas S Pe FFE e |) Cata- ae) i) AS} a Name. | Locality. logue Sex. Age. 8 a a 2 i) No. = ns bo a) x 5 2 | 2.) 2) Peas rd =H ie) "Sp “a I a= SS | a 2 4 Sie Gia | S FQ N ey mm.) mm.| mm.| kilos.| mm. | mm. | mm, P. nemes- | Sukadana...---- 145330 | Male...-| Adult....... 615) 220) | 190!) LON9) | SeSeee eee | eens trinus DO era Ken dawangan | 153804 |...do.....]..... G02. se-5 3] (Sees seca eee | teteeers eeeerse 47.0 River. Do.....-| Pamukang Bay.| 154867 |...do..-...]..... do....---| 590 | 240'| 195. | 10.9 || 115 | 10” |) 48:0 P. mandibu-| Near Pontianak, |3142225 |...do.....].....d0....--- 445 | 570 | 140) 5.0]...... 77 | 37.0 laris. Sungei Sama. P. cupidus..| Pulo Mata Siri. .|$151831 |...do.....]..... dossaiess 435 | 540 | 127] 4.8 85 81 | 36.4 WO soe al accee Cl eee eed 543680 Reed Otsens|cemter GOrecccise (@)illssece|eececaeeces 87 83 | 38.0 P.baweanus| Bawean Island. .|8151829 |...do.....|..--. o..2.-- || 472.5680) | 1415) 5652 91 89 | 42.5 MOS elise ses Gere se 151830 | Female..|.....do.....-- 488 | 5385 | 122] 3.9 74 74 | 34.5 P. carimatz.| Karimata Island |3125101 | Male..-..|..--- dotsease 460 | 655 | 144} 5.4 81 78 | 37.4 DOR. eal scree do.....------| 125102 |...do...../.---. Oz 5-55 46086305 M4 os] eal Se perereeel | eerie leer PYGATHRIX RUBICUNDA RUBICUNDA (Miiller). 1838-39. Semnopithecus rubicundus Mistier, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch. Physiol., Vol.cd;p. 137. 1839-1844. Semnopithecus rubicundus, MULLER and Scuiea@et, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. Bezitt, pp. 61 and 69, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4; pl. 11, fig. 1. Type-locality, southeastern Borneo. Doctor Abbott secured three specimens of Pygathrix rubicunda rubicunda from Balik Papan Bay and three from the Seratok River. These six specimens are practically topotypes of the species, the original specimens having been collected at Mount Sakumbang and Tana Lawut. (The latter place does not appear on any of the avail- able maps. Mount Sakumbang is shown on the map on page 57.) They are of a generally darker red color than any of the other Bornean specimens of this species in the National Museum, and the hands and feet have a more distinct tendency to be suffused with blackish. There seem to be three distinct forms of this species on Borneo, P.rubicunda rubicunda from southeastern Borneo, P. rubicunda igmta® from the northern parts of the island, a new form described below as P. rubicunda rubida from western Borneo, south of the Kapuas River. A fourth subspecies, P. rubicunda carimate, from Karimata Island is evidently derived from the Bornean fauna. The differential characters of the four forms are set fourth in the table below. (For measurements, see table, p. 141.) 1 Collector’s measurements. 2 Collector’s measurements computed to kilograms. 3 Type. 4 Weathered skull. 6 Dollman, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 4, p. 204, September, 1909. no.1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 139 PYGATHRIX RUBICUNDA RUBIDA, new subspecies. Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 153790, U.S.N.M., collected at Batu Jurong, southwestern Borneo, June 17, 1908, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 5979. Diagnostic characters.—Closely related to Pygathrix rubicunda rubi- cunda, differing in having a somewhat lighter color, no conspicuous suffusion of blackish color on the hands and feet, less prominent outer edge of the mastoid, and a distinct space between that edge and the edge of the posterior root of the zygoma. Color.—Type: General color similar to Ridgway’s hazel, but rather brighter, the hairs generally darker at the ends and lighter at bases, so that on the back where the hairs are longest, the general color is dark hazel; a considerable number of blackish hairs on the dorsal surface of the fingers and toes. Skull and teeth—The skull and teeth of Pygathriaz rubicunda rubida are in general as they are in P. r. rubicunda; the outer edge of the mastoid, however, is more inconspicuous than it is in the typical form and is usually separated from the outer edge of the posterior root of the zygoma by a more or less well-defined groove or distinct space. Measurements.—See table, page 141. Specumens examined.—Twelve, from various localities in south- (See table of measurements for exact localities.) western Borneo. PYGATHRIX RUBICUNDA CARIMATZ& Miller. 1906. Presbytis carimatz# MILLER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 65, July 23,1906. In addition to the original series of seven specimens collected in 1904, two additional specimens were collected on Karimata Island at Telok Edar by Dr. W. L. Abbott in 1908. (For external and cranial measurements see table, p. 141.) Diagnostic characters of the forms of Pygathrix rubicunda. P. rubicunda carimate. P. rubicunda rubida. P.rubicunda rubicunda,. Lighter colored, without well-marked blackish suffusion on hands and feet. Post-glenoid process long and heavy. Fossa between pterygoids relatively shallow. Outer edge of mastoid relatively less conspicu- ous. Outer edge of posterior zygomatic root as a rule not separated from out- er mastoid edge by a distinct space or groove, but the two edges soon confluent. Angle of jaw and condyle large and heavy. Lighter colored, without well-marked blackish suffusion on hands and feet. Post-glenoid process not conspicuously devel- oped. Fossa between _ ptery- goids relatively shal- low. Outer edge of mastoid relatively less conspic- uous. Outer edge of posterior zygomatic root sepa- rated from outer mas- toid edge by a more or less well-defined groove or distinct space. Angle of jaw and con- dyle not so large and heavy. Darker colored, with blackish suffusion on hands and feet. Post-glenoid process not conspicuously devel- oped. Fossa between ptery- goids intermediate in character. Outer edge of mastoid rather conspicuous. Outer edge of posterior zygomatic root as a rule not separated from outer mastoid edge by a distinct space or groove, but the two edges soon confluent. Angle of jaw and con- dyle not so large and heavy. P. rubicunda ignita. Lighter colored, without blackish suffusion on hands and feet. Post-glenoid process not conspicuously devel- oped. Fossa between ptery- goids relatively deep. Less conspicuous. Outer edge of posterior zygomatic root as a rule not separated from outer mastoid edge by a distinct space or groove, but the two edges soon confluent. Angle of jaw and condyle not so large and heavy. 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, vou. 40. PYGATHRIX FRONTATA (Miller). 1838-39. Semnopithecus frontatus MULLER, Tijdschr. Natuur. Gesch. Physiol., vol. 5, p. 136. 1839-44. Semnopithecus frontatus MtLtueR and ScuiEGeL, Verh. Nat. Gesh. Nederl. Bezitt., pp. 62 and 78, pl. 8, figs. 1-4. Ten specimens of this rare monkey were collected by Doctor Abbott in southeastern Borneo, eight at Klumpang Bay, and two at Balik Papan Bay. (For measurements see table, p. 141.) Generally common.—W. L. A. PYGATHRIX CRISTATA (Raffles). 1822. Simia cristata Ra¥FuxEs, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 244. Type- locality, Sumatra. 1907. Presbytis cristata, Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, p. 568, December 27, 1907. Kapuas River specimens. In addition to two specimens of Presbytis cristata taken by Doctor Abbott in the Kapuas River region, an adult female and her young were taken at the Pasir River, southeastern Borneo. (For measurements of the specimens see table, p. 141.) In point of coloration the young specimen bears no resemblance whatever to its parent. The hairs are everywhere ochraceous in color, with the exception of a fringe of long blackish hairs over the forehead. but are said to be common to the northward of it.”’ I have been unable to discover any differences between orangs from the Landak River region and those from southwestern Borneo. In fact, it is with great difficulty that I have been able to find any 1 Collector’s measurements. ? Collector’s weight in pounds, computed to kilograms. 3 Type. ‘This specimen has a tooth posterior to m3 on both right and left sides, and posterior to ms on left side. The supernumerary teeth are well developed and functional, each about half the size of the tooth in front. ® This river is not shown on the map, p. 57, but lies about as far north of Balik Papan Bay as the Pasir River is south. no. 1809. MAMMALS FROM BORNEO AND VICINITY—LYON. 145 tangible differences between the orangs of northern Sumatra! and those from western Borneo. This difficulty is no doubt due in part to the bulkiness of the specimens and the resulting inability to get a view of both series as a whole, as can so readily be done with small mammals in a tray. The Bornean orangs, however, appear to be slightly larger externally and cranially; to be lacking nails on the great toes almost entirely; to have a less conspicuous beard; and to possess less hair about the head and neck generally. Illustrations of the head of a freshly killed male, and the entire body, and of the head of a freshly killed female are shown on plates 5, 6, and 7. Measurements of orangs. 1Lyon Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, p. 676, September 14, 1908. 2 Collector’s measurements. 3 Collector’s measurements in pounds and quarters computed to kilograms. 4m3 not included. 6 “Tn rigor mortis, impossible te measure.’’ 6“ Teeth unusually small.’”’ 76 Fat.” 8“ Gutted.” 80796°—~Proe.N.M.vol.40—11—10 6 o Ee £ Cata- | 0 Sex and age. Locality. logue | $6 No. ag a) ] 5 o =) 6) mm. Male, adult.........- Semandang River..| 145301 | 1,410 Male, young, m3 not | Sempang River....} 145303 | 1,055 visible. Male adult... 0.22|2- 252 O (OR Paes 145304 () Male, adult, rather old) Matan River..-.-.. 145305 | 1,400 Male, young, m not | .-.... Ch see ee 145307 | 1,150 through alveolus. Maeva dilt sees eso... 2. dOse un. sakes = sec LASS ON tare Male, adult, rather old) Semandang River. .| 145313 |....... Malevadultz se. see cee|s-655 (0 [oe ee W453 TAN ee ee OM eee Be) Sempang River....] 145316 |......-. Male, adult, rather old)... .- Ges eee ese GRIP ee ee Malevadulteses. 228.| 04.2 dos..citeuen ee 14 5S1Sh|eooseee Male, adult, rather | Kendawangan | 153806 |....... young. River. Ca nSepanaseadaas eee GOS ws iccseises gee P5880 7 ee ceeee Malevadulteo sac. os |ee ee Gowaseen ste tase T5S86s Meee OM Mees i Nae On eaten es 153823 | 1,390 Male, adult, rather | Mambuluh River. -| 153827 |....... young. Female, adult......-. Sempang River....} 145300 |.-...-. [DOr eee eee Semandang River..| 145302 |......- DOES scents Hates Matan River....... 145306 } 1,160 1D aps pee ete Sie ti te Sempang River....] 145308 | 1,200 WOrm eens cbse eee c doses ates IV GRO) eoaeer DOR ey sepetye is Se Semandang River. .| 145315 |.-....- DONS ER oo LEY Sempang River. ...| 145320 |......- DORE Seen Se aes Caer GOs eee 145320 be eee WORSE ors Someone Batu Jurong....... 153805 | 1,160 1D0)5 oneness Kendawangan | 153809 |-...... River. IDO 2s See ee eee GO ee iscinses caer LDS RUSH eee e ee Sane) oault, rather Seats Gos soscee sees 153820] = 55-22 old. Female, young, m3|..... GOse suse ss occ GSH PALA) ease ae not through alveo- lus. Female, adult........}..... GOR isce ce cee 153822 | 1,065 Female, young, m3 |..... COS AareeAcr sae 153824 | 1,200 level with alveolus. Female, adult.......- Mambuluh River. .| 153828 |....-... | Head and body.? | Hind foot.2 | Weight.3 mm.| mm.| kilos | Basilar length of skull. mm. 168 124 | Zygomatic width. Mastoid width. Upper toothrow, ir2lud- ing canine (alveoli). . ~ 4/3 6 |e += |%& 3 iq E ° a i332 Oo |s6 n |Ar = |, a8 oo! AE ES = |e -| + -| + ui ae + on a), aF nese) Se aetsiat ats ~64|| Sace|| ar ae | sa See el ae = see + 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. en ———— EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Puate 1. (About one-third natural size. ) Figs. 1 and 3. Skull of type of Muntiacus rubidus, Cat. No. 151863, U.S.N.M., Pamu- kang Bay, southeastern Borneo, p. 73. 2 and 4. Skull of Muntiacus pleiharicus, Cat. No. 154384, U.S.N.M., Pamukang Bay, southeastern Borneo, p. 71. PLATE 2. (About one-third natural size.) Fig. 1. Skull of Muntiacus pleiharicus, Cat. No. 154384, U.S.N.M., Pamukang Bay, southeastern Borneo, p. 71. . Skull of type of Muntiacus rubidus, Cat. No. 151863, U.S.N.M., Pamukang Bay, southeastern Borneo, p. 73. PLATE 3. (About one-fourth natural size. ) Antlers of Bornean muntjacs collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in southwestern Borneo. Fic. 1. Cat. No. 153772, U.S.N.M., Kendawangan River. 2. Cat. No. 153762, U.S.N.M., Kendawangan River. 3. Cat. No. 153756, U.S.N.M., Kendawangan River. 4. Cat. No. 15376 33 U.S.N.M., Kendawangan River. 5. Cat. No. 145364, U.S.N.M., Sempang River. 6. Cat. No. 153766, U.S.N.M., Kendawangan River. 7. Cat. No. 153764, US.N.M., Kendawangan River. PLATE 4. Squirrels of the Sciurus prevostii group collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the Bornean mainland (slightly more than one-fourth natural size; reproduced directly from the specimens), pp. 79 to 81. Fie. 1. Sciurus borneoensis palustris, adult male, Cat. No. 142331, U.S.N.M., Kapuas River, north bank near mouth, western Borneo, September 23, 1905. 2. Sciurus bornecoensis bornecensis, adult male, Cat. No. 142308, U.S.N.M., Kapuas River, north bank, at Sanggau, western Borneo, August 25, 1905. 3. Sciurus sanggaus, adult female, Cat. No. 142328, U.S.N.M., Kapuas River, south bank, September 20, 1905. 4, Sciurus atricapillus, adult female, Cat. No. 154292, U.S.N.M., Balik Papan Bay, southeastern Borneo, February 19, 1909. PLATE 5. Head of a freshly killed adult male Bornean orang utan, photographed by Dr. W. L. Abbott, p. 144. PuLate 6. Freshly killed adult male Bornean orang utan, photographed by Dr. W. L. Abbott, p. 144. PLATE 7. Head of a freshly killed adult female Bornean orang utan, photographed by Dr. W. L. Abbott, p. 144. “Of | 39Wd 33S 3Lv1d 40 NOILWNY1dx]a HOY “SOVPLNNIA, NVANYHOG JO S171NXS lL “Id OF “OA ‘SONIGSS00Hd WNASNW TIVNOILVN ‘S ‘N U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 2 SKULLS OF BORNEAN MUNTJACS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 146, MN War.” sist i terk ig Sea “Op| 39vd 39S 31V1d 4O NOILVNV1dx3 YHO4 “SOVPLNAIA) NVANYOG 4O SHATLNY € Id OF “IOA ‘SONIGS300Hd WNASNW TVNOILVN “Ss ‘nN dNOYD IILSOABZYd SNYNIOS AHL 4O STSYYINOS b “1d ‘Ob “10A ‘SONIGS300Nd WNASNW IVNOILVN *S ‘fA Ae “Oy sh ale gee ta EC ‘ i oe ire aes, Arh! " - I ’ rea i 1 “Of | 39Vd 349 31V1d 4O NOILYVNV1dx3 YO4 "NVLM ONVYO NVANHOG J1VIN G “1d OF “IOA ‘SONIGSS00Ud WNASNW IVWNOILVN ‘S ‘N La irate is et “Obl 39Vd 33S 3lvid 4O NOILVNV1dx3 YO4 ‘NVLM ONVYO NVSNHOG AVIA Lindy 9 “Id OF “IOA ‘SONIG= “90d WNASNW IVNOILYN °S "N - ” 7 7 > . 5 . in = < s e * om = - PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 7 NATIONAL MUSEUM U. S. FEMALE BORNEAN ORANG UTAN. 146. PLATE SEE PAGE N OF R EXPLANATK [e} F => = ee bal a ‘ss el ' > *: . ' “2 . m ‘ 'F 2 ; + _ . . , ‘ . a = NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF MILLIPEDS IN SOUTH- ERN TEXAS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES FROM TEXAS, ARIZONA, MEXICO, AND COSTA RICA. By O. F. Coox, Of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. DISTRIBUTION OF MILLIPEDS IN SOUTH TEXAS. The millipeds and other primitive types of humus-inhabiting arthropoda constitute a living summary of the biological conditions and history of the soil. The environmental limitations of the milli- peds render this group of animals especially interesting from the standpoint of geographical distribution. It is impossible for these creatures to exist or to extend their distribution over areas where there are no accumulations of humus or other vegetable débris that can retain a permanent supply of moisture. As these animals are unable to fly, or even to run with rapidity, and can not endure exposure to extremes of light, heat, or drought, they afford unusually direct evidence regarding the earlier extension of forests or other conditions that would determine their geographical distribution. Attention has been called in a previous publication to the persist- ence of tropical types of humus-inhabiting organisms in certain localities in south Texas, as an evidence of permanent moisture in the soil. The existence of such oases of permanently moist humus in regions where desert conditions otherwise appear so nearly universal has been taken to indicate a much greater extension of forest growth in south Texas in former times. Without assuming a previous extension of forest conditions it is difficult to imagine how animals that require permanently moist humus could have reached the isolated localities where they now exist.! Reference was made in a previous paper to a spot a little to the northeast of the town of Falfurrias, Texas, as one of these oases where the existence of permanent moisture had made possible the survival of 1Change of Vegetation on the South Texas Prairies, Circular No. 14, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. Ss. Department of Agriculture, 1908. PRocEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1810. 147 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. several very small and delicate humus-inhabiting creatures, such as Scolopendrella, Pauropus, Japyx, and Campodea. The finding of a relatively large tropical milliped (Hurelus, new genus, order Anocheta) in the same locality, may be taken to indicate that permanent moisture has not beenconfined to the lower layers of thesoil, but has existed prac- tically on the surface. Though these larger millipeds are undoubtedly able to endure much more exposure to dry air than the smaller and more delicate types mentioned above, they can hardly be expected to survive any such complete exposure as would follow the destruction of all the forest growth. The more minute animals are able to crawl into small cracks and interstices, and thus take advantage of any moisture that exists, even at considerable depths. The evidence of continuous humidity is strengthened by the finding of relatively large species of millipeds that remain nearer to the surface. These facts indicate that some of the present forest growth in the vicinity of Falfurrias is not of recent origin, but may represent a rem- nant of earlier and more continuous forests. There is a rather densely wooded area to the northeast of Falfurrias, consisting of a slight depression where the water collects after rains and stands in small pools long enough apparently to prevent the growth of grasses, and thus to give protection against the prairie fires that might otherwise have destroyed the woody growth and obliterated the last traces of the millipeds and other humus-inhabiting types of animal life. The existence of any form of arthropod life in the souls of south Texas is in striking contrast with the black-land prairies farther north, those that form the so-called “hog wallows.” The soil of the black-land prairies is remarkably devoid of life of any sort; even the agricultural ants are unable to occupy the typical black-land prairie. The soil cracks during drought to the depth of several feet, and then dissolves into a very adhesive, pasty mud when the rain comes. Delicate animals would find no protection in drought, and the more hardy would be drowned or smothered in their burrows in times of floods. One group of large heavily armored millipeds of the order Diplocheta is able to live in deserts of west Texas and Arizona by virtue of their habit of burrowing, taking advantage also of the deep excavations of the burrowing rodents that are so abundant in the deserts. The preservation of even a remnant of permanent forest in such a place as Falfurrias under present climatic conditions might not strike the observer as being at all probable, were it not for the con- crete evidence afforded by the existence of these animals. Local opinion declares that this district has become distinctly drier in the last twenty years. Surface wells and pools that were formerly relied upon to furnish permanent supplies of water for stock have completely dried out, in the last decade, over a considerable section. This has No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 149 been ascribed, of course, to a deficiency of rainfall, though there are no records to establish the fact, and other factors may be responsible. The extension of grazing and the limitations of forest fires has allowed woody vegetation to spread in recent years over large tracts of land that were formerly covered with heavy growths of grass. It is known that little water, relatively speaking, enters the naked sur- faces of the soil when the land is occupied by the usual sparse growth of mesquite, prickly pear, and other desert vegetation. The formerly more heavy and general growth of grass may have afforded more favorable conditions for holding water on the surface and allowing it to soak gradually into the soil. With ordinary gentle rains the effect of grass is, of course, to keep the soil dry, but with the very heavy rains that come occasionally in south Texas, nearly level grass-cov- ered areas might be expected to hold the water longer than denuded surfaces, and give it a better opportunity to penetrate to the lower layers of the soil. The recent open growth of mesquite probably represents the most unfavorable condition for the retention of water in the soil. With sufficiently old and abundant forest growth to accumulate fallen timber and other débris, obstacles to drainage would be formed and the earth would be shaded from the sun. Conditions would again be- come more favorable to the retention of permanent moisture, and many areas would eventually change from naked deserts into humid forests or swamps. Tendencies in this direction begin to appear in the region of Brownsville. The finding of another new genus of tropical millipeds near Brownsville serves as an additional indica- tion that present tendencies are only a return toward a former con- dition of much more abundant forest growth in south Texas. The rapidity with which these prairies are now being covered with woody vegetation is a further indication that the previous treeless condition did not represent the natural state of the country, but might be ascribed to the same agencies that have exterminated for- ests in many parts of Mexico and Central America. Lands that have been cleared by the natives for agricultural purposes eventually become occupied by perennial grasses that put an end to agriculture, as practiced by primitive Indian methods. The burning of accumu- lations of dead grass kills young trees and thus hinders or prevents the extension of forests. Large areas that are naturally well adapted to forests have been gradually denuded into artificial deserts or erassy fire-swept tracts, now quite unoccupied by human inhabitants, and more or less completely devoid of millipeds and other humus- inhabiting types of arthropoda. On the other hand, many areas now covered with heavy growth do not represent truly virgin or primeval forests. The absence or scarce representation of the humus-inhabiting animals shows that many 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Ge ee forests are of relatively recent growth. Such indications can be sup- ported by evidence drawn from other groups of biological facts.* DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. The two new millipeds that are to be described from south Texas belong to the order Anocheta, but are only remotely related to the other members of this group previously known from more northern and eastern localities as species of the old cosmopolitan genus Spiro- bolus. Texas is not lacking in native species of Spirobolus or Arcto- bolus, as the dominant eastern genus of this group has now been named, but these belong to the temperate fauna and are not to be considered in this paper. With a single exception of the genus Onychelus, described a few years ago from the Colorado desert, the relatives of the new types are found only in Mexico and Central America, whence three additional new genera are recognized. Study of some further material of the previously established genus Onychelus has also resulted in the description of three more species from Arizona. ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA TREATED IN THIS PAPER. First segment not emarginate behind the antenne....--.-- Genus Anelus, new, p. 160. First segment broadly emarginate on each side, behind the antennz......-.---- Anal valves with prominent compressed, elevated margins. Genus Glosselus, new, p. 163. Anal valves with depressed beveled margins, meeting in a groove.....-..----- First segment not margined with raised ridges. _Genus Cyclothyrophorus Pocock, p. 160. First segment with a distinct raised ridge bordering the lateral corners and emarpinations.-c.52-<2--<--4o- 202 -2¢- <2 2 aoe = ce aia Striations of posterior segments few, produced obliquely upward into sharp BPINGBS: | ocak mele Sete sean nents cae Genus Centrelus, new, p. 154. Striations numerous, not produced into spines...-.-.------------+++-+-++++-+++- Coxe of third legs of male with a long, retrorse process. . ..Genus Eurelus, new, p. 151. Coxe of third legs of male unarmed.......------------ Genus Onychelus Cook, p. 157. The last four genera, characterized by the depressed margins of the anal valves, undoubtedly constitute a natural group, but the affinities of Anelus and Glosselus are still uncertain. They are not closely related to the other American genera, unless it be with the widespread tropical genus T'rigoniulus Pocock. Nor can it be insisted that Anelus and Glosselus have any very close affinity with each other, though Glosselus seemed to be the nearest relative of Anelus available for com- parison at the time the description was drawn. 1 Vegetation Affected by Agriculture in Central America, Bulletin 145, Bureau of Plant Industry, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1909. No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 151 > ee EURELUS, new genus. Type.—Eurelus soleatus, a new species from south Texas. Diagnosis.—More nearly related to Onychelus than to any other recognized genus. Differs in the much greater size and more fusi- form shape of the body, in having the anterior legs of the males armed with large coxal processes, but without enlarged claws, and in the very different structure of the copulatory legs. Description.—Body rather large and robust, about nine times as long as broad, subfusiform in outline, gradually narrowed in front and more abruptly behind, especially the last five segments. Antenne moderately robust, not clavate; second joint longest; joimts 3-5 subequal; joint 6 somewhat shorter and narrower than joint 5. Antenne not inserted under the first segment, but accom- modated by a large lateral depression of the head and the mandibulary stipe. In comparison with Onychelus the antenne appear more slen- der, and the sixth joint does not appear to be reduced in that genus. Olfactory cones four in both genera. Kyes of over 40 closely clustered, flattened ocelli, arranged in seven or eight rows. First segment rather strongly emarginate on each side behind the antenne and the somewhat prominent posterior corner of the mandibulary stipe. Lateral angle acute, with a prominent, thick- ened anterior margin. The groove that bounds the margin remains very distinct as far up as the middle of the eye and then suddenly dis- appears. Second segment not produced below the somewhat pro- jecting angle of the first segment. Segments of middle of body with only a slight and rather indistinct constriction between the midbelt and the hindbelt. Forebelt with very fine and somewhat broken striations extending slightly beyond the very indistinct anterior suture. Midbelt and hindbelt marked on the surface with the same minute punctations, but somewhat more numerous on the midbelt. Posterior suture usually indicated by a fine superficial striation. Median suture indicated by a very fine and indistinct striation, not grooved on the hindbelt as in Onychelus. Ventral striations beginning well below the pores, especially on pos- terior segments; extending farther up on the midbelt than on the hindbelt, but more irregular and passing below into a fine reticu- lation; all these ventral markings much more distinct than in Onychelus. Repugnatorial pores inconspicuous, located above the middle of the segments, though hardly as far above as in Onychelus; on or in con- tact with posterior suture, usually below the lateral suture, but in con- tact with it or nearly so, the suture being sometimes slightly sinuate above the pore. The pores of the sixth segment are distinctly lower 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. down than those of the seventh and subsequent segments and are dis- tinctly separated from the lateral suture. The aperture of the pore is not surrounded by a raised rim, and the lateral suture is not marked by a distinct groove behind the pore as in Onychelus. In Onychelus the pore is set in a distinct depression and there often appears to be a rim or a minute papilla in the depression. Supplementary margin shorter than in Onychelus and the surface apparently plain, instead of longitudinally grooved or fluted. With suflicient magnification very fine longitudinal striations appear, and a fringe of minute needle-like teeth. Pleural sutures indistinct, indicated only by a slight imterruption or ereater irregularity of the reticular striations. Sterna subquadrate, but distinctly broader in front; surface with distinct close striations, not reaching the ventral sutures. The stria- tions are much more distinct and more numerous than in Onychelus, and the sutures are not so nearly parallel as in that genus. Spiracles set in distinct excavations. Last segment very short, with a short broadly rounded apex, slightly exceeded by the anal valves. Anal valvesstrongly and evenly convex, not thickened nor prominent along the margins which meet in a broad groove. Surface rather coarsely wrinkled, instead of smooth and shining, as in Onychelus. Preanal scale very broadly and evenly rounded, as in Onychelus, the surface rugose like the valves. Males with claws of anterior legs not specially enlarged as in Onychelus, except the first three pairs. The next four pairs have the claws reduced, smaller than those of the segments behind the gono- pods. Coxe of third pair of legs of male produced into very long flattened appendages with a sharp double curve near the middle, ending in heavily chitinized shoe-shaped process. Coxe of fourth, fifth, and sixth pairs of legs of male produced into much shorter, flattened, thin-edged processes, bent backward and covered by the long process of the third legs. Coxe of sixth pair of legs of male with broad, thick subquadrate straight processes which project behind the ends of the long processes of the third legs. Coleopods with ventral plate produced in the middle into a very broadly triangular-quadrate process with a very short, broadly angular apex greatly exceeded by the abruptly produced median corners of the strongly transverse anterior lobes, which completely conceal the posterior lobes, as well as the gonopods, both of which are distinctly exposed from in front in Onychelus. Gonopods ending in a short, expanded, concave, somewhat hand- shaped process, not in a recurved bidentate spine as in Onychelus. No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 153 Coalesced pleure of seventh segment of male crossed by a relatively slight, straight ridge, not carried up into a fold-like, arcuate crest, as in Onychelus. The narrowing of the first segment at the sides in Furelus and Onychelus does not result from a change in the anterior margin, which is much the same as in Arctobolus. The principal difference lies in the much straighter posterior margin of Hurelus which does not curve back from the lateral angle of the segment, as in Arctobolus, but passes directly upward. EURELUS SOLEATUS, new species. Type.—Cat. No. 801, U. S. National Museum. Collected at Fal- furrias, Starr County, Texas, August, 1906, by O. F. Cook. Length of male about 65 mm., width nearly 8 mm. Number of segments 48. ; Color in life, dull olive brown with somewhat grayish posterior margins, not at all reddish or yellowish, as in Arctobolus. On being placed in alcohol the dark bands appear darker and the light bands lighter, and the contrast accordingly much greater, as though black and pale yellow. With age the alcoholic specimens become very dark, blackish-green, with the margins of the segments paler, and appearing yellowish or brownish if the specimens begin to dry out. The first segment and the dorsal part of the last segment appear distinctly paler than the others, both in the fluid and out. Clypeal foveole five on each side, sometimes only four; surface of clypeus and vertex with rather remote, irregularly scattered wrinkles, otherwise smooth and shining. HKyes rounded-polygonal, 48 or 44 ocelli, arranged in nearly vertical, somewhat curved rows, counted as follows, beginning at the back: 6,7, 8, 7,6,6,4. In the other eye of the same specimen the arrange- ment of the ocelli seemed to be 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 6, 4, 1. In an eye of Onychelus obustus the ocelli were counted in rows of 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 3. First segment with three or four short irregular striations above the lateral angle, not present in Onychelus obustus. 'The angle is more pointed than in Onychelus, and the anterior thickened margin is broader and more prominent and also more distinctly sinuate because of the deeper emargination. Second segment with a distinct raised flange along the anterior ventral margin, but not nearly so prominent as in Onychelus. Surface of segments with a rather dull luster, minutely punctate over all the exposed surface, but somewhat more on the midbelt than on the hindbelt, which becomes slightly more prominent on the sides and below, and may then have the surface roughened by indistinct granules or by irregular shallow, seal-like depressions, above the regular ventral striations. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Last segment punctate like the others except along the margins, where it tends to become rugulose like the anal valves. The very much shortened and narrowed segments at the end of the body are also more minutely and indistinctly punctate. The anal valves are both punctate and rugose, the prominent wrinkles being marked very often with distinct punctations. The same number of the segments, 48, was counted in four normal individuals. A fifth specimen had only 47 segments and one of these, the ninth, was distinctly shorter than its neighbors and was fused with the tenth for a short distance; near the middle of the back. The repugnatorial secretion appeared unusually abundant and was exuded very promptly, as soon as the animals were caught. Numer- ous specimens were found crawling about on damp ground in a field of sorghum a short distance to the northeast of the village of Fal- furrias, Starr County, Texas. The species is evidently rare, or at least not generally distributed, even in the immediate vicinity, for no more specimens have been found in many subsequent visits that have been made to the same neighborhood. Single individuals of Hurelus have been found in two other locali- ties in south Texas, one collected near San Antonio by Mr. W. P. Carr and another at Moore, Frio County, about 40 miles southwest of San Antonio, by Mr. F. L. Lewton. A NEW GENUS FROM MEXICO, RELATED TO EURELUS. The U. S. National Museum contains four specimens of a small milliped labeled as Spirobolus nietanus, Guanajuato, Mexico, prob- ably identified by Bollman. These specimens are of interest as very near relatives of Hurelus. Though hardly to be reckoned as members of the same genus, the agreement is more complete than with any other type thus far known. The form of the copulatory apparatus is much the same and the third legs of the male are provided with coxal processes. The following diagnosis and description refer mostly to the features in which this Mexican type appears to diverge from Hurelus. CENTRELUS, new genus. Type.—Centrelus falcatus, a new species from Guanajuato, Mexico. Diagnosis.—Closely related to Eurelus. Differs in having the body smaller, more slender and more cylindrical, the sterna nar- rower, and the ventral striations very few and subtended by large curved spines, especially on the posterior half of the body. Description.—Body rather small and slender, ten or twelve times as long as broad, cylindrical, slightly wider in front, narrowed rather gradually behind. No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 155 First segment with the thickened anterior edge slightly emarginate near the somewhat rounded lateral angle, and limited by a deep, shightly sinuate groove. Posterior edge not emarginate, marked with three or four short strictions like those of the other segments. Segments of middle of body with no distinct constriction. Fore- belt with very fine, indistinct striations not extending beyond the anterior suture except below. Midbelt and hindbelt nearly smooth, the hindbelt not thickened nor convex. Posterior and median sutures indicated by very fine superficial striations, especially the median. Ventral striations very few and remote, not ascending more than half way to the pores, even on posterior segments. The surface is very prominent below each of the first four or five striations and the angle of the prominence is produced into a sharp upcurved spine, especially on the segments behind the middle of the body. The spined striations are interrupted at the posterior suture instead of passing over to join a reticular ornamentation of the midbelt as in Hurelus. Only the pleurz have the fine close longitudinal stria- tions of the usual sort. Repugnatorial pores very minute, set in distinct depressions above the middle of the segments, distinctly behind the posterior suture, and unusually close to the margin of the segment. Lateral suture usually indicated by a very fine groove behind the pore; seldom indicated on midbelt but very distinct on forebelt and interrupting the concentric striations. Supplementary margin short, minutely pectinate along the edge. Pleural suture very distinct along the forebelt and midbelt, not indicated on the hindbelt; surface of pleurze with very obscure, transverse striz and reticulations in front, longitudinally striate behind. Sterna quadrate, scarcely broader than long, but the sutures dis- tinctly excurved near the anterior corners; rather closely covered with obscure striations. Spiracles situated in front of a small depression. Last segment very short, the broadly rounded apex distinctly exceeded by the very convex anal valves. Males with claws of the anterior legs distinctly reduced, but the first two pairs with strong claws. Coxee of third pair of legs of male with large strongly chitinized processes abruptly geniculate near the base and then prolonged into a recurved falcate armature. Coxe of legs 4, 5, and 6 with large flattened obliquely truncate processes, the outer corner slightly produced and the inner provided with a small narrow, abruptly incurved branch. The same legs have the second and especially the third joints swollen into conical prominences on the lower side. Coxe of seventh pair of legs with a simple triengular-conic process, longer and thicker than those of the preceding legs. 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Coleopods with ventral plate very large, subquadrate, occupying more than half of the anterior surface, but rather poorly chitinized; margin nearly transverse, slightly angled in the middle, but not produced. Anterior lobes broadly and deeply emarginate, the mesial corners produced, much as in Furelus, but broader and dis- tinctly curved outward. Posterior lobes also somewhat broader and stronger than in Lurelus. Gonopods very small and deeply retracted. Coalesced pleurz of the seventh segment of male forming a very deep sinus behind and with the anterior face carried up into a narrow transverse ridge much more prominent than in Hurelus. CENTRELUS FALCATUS, new species. Type.—Cat. No. 800, U.S. National Museum, Guanajuato, Mexico. Length of male about 38 mm., width about 3 mm.; female about 42 mm. by 4.5 mm. Color in alcohol dull olive or grayish green, the segments with a pale posterior margin behind an equally short black band. Antenne and legs of the same color as the segments, but the head and last segment somewhat paler. Clypeal foveole 4 on each side, at nearly equal distances; outer pair located on the lower margin of the clypeus. Surface of clypeus and vertex smooth, except for slight depressions and a few fine irregular striations. Kyes somewhat oval or trapezoidal, of over 40 ocelli counted in eight nearly vertical rows from the back toward the antenne, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 3, or in 7 obliquely transverse rows from above down- ward 3, 5, 7, 8, 7, 6, 5. First segment with the anterior emargination not so broad and deep as in Furelus soleatus, the marginal ridge broader and the lateral angle more rounded, not projecting below the second segment as in Hurelus. Second segment with the anterior margin decurved, much as in Eurelus. Surface of segments nearly smooth, shining with a dull luster, very finely and indistinctly punctate and longitudinally striate above; lateral and ventral striations very short, confined to the hindbelt; surface convex below each striation. Segments behind the middle of the body have the striations remote, only three or four on each side, and produced into distinct sharp spines, curving obliquely upward. Several of the posterior sezments have the spines reduced. Last segment smooth, the apex very broadly triangular-rounded, distinctly exceeded by the strongly convex smooth anal valves. Preanal scale very broadly rounded. No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 157 Four specimens were examined, a male being selected as type. All four were in a broken condition, so that the proportions of the body and the numbers of segments could not be stated with certainty, though the matching of the pieces allowed the same number of seg- ments to be counted in all four cases. This species is evidently very distinct from Spirobolus nictanus Saussure, which Pocock has recently transferred to his genus Cyclothyrophorus. Genus ONYCHELUS Cook. Onychelus Coox, Myriapoda of Northwestern America, Harriman Expedition, p. 67. The type of this genus, O. obustus, was from the Colorado desert. of California. Specimens now in the National Museum seem to repre- sent three additional species of Onychelus from the deserts of Arizona. When the original description was drawn Onychelus appeared to have no close relatives in the North American fauna. Several points of difference between Onychelus and its undiscovered relatives were not anticipated in the original description. Several additional peculiari- ties of Onychelus have been noted in comparing it with Hurelus, as the description of that genus will show. ONYCHELUS HOSPES, new species. Type.—Cat. No. 803, U. S. National Museum, collected at Tucson, Arizona, December 23, 1896, by H. G. Hubbard, in the nest of a rat (Neotoma albigula). Diagnosis.—Distinect from Onychelus obustus in the smaller size of the body and in the position of the transverse constriction of the segments. Description. Body about 25 mm. long by 2.5 mm. in diameter, probably composed of 41 0r42segments. All the specimens are broken and may not be fully mature. Color nearly black, with pale posterior margins. Clypeal foveolz four on each side. Eyes composed of about 33 ocelli arranged in an oval cluster of seven rows: 3, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 3. First segment with two or three very short rudimentary striations above the lateral angle. The segment is somewhat less strongly emarginate in front and with a somewhat broader and less promi- nent raised margin. The posterior margin is not so straight as in O. obustus, but is distinctly curved forward above the angle. Segments very minutely punctate-striate, much more distinctly than in O. obustus. Thestriz of the forebelt and ventral surfaces are slight and indistinct, much as in O. obustus. The transverse con- striction is in the midbelt of the segment, instead of following the posterior suture as in O. obustus. This brings the repugnatorial pores 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. nC nn tI aIEInsnanSnS gyn San Ua behind the constriction instead of in front as in O. obustus. The hindbelt is also somewhat shorter than in O. obustus, so that the repugnatorial pores are brought closer to the posterior margin of the segment. The lateral suture is indicated by a fine groove behind the pore, but not so pronounced as in O. obustus. Last segment somewhat less produced than in O. obustus but the apex distinctly angular, instead of being completely rounded off as in O. obustus. Penultimate segment very short, the margin scarcely exposed. Anal valves somewhat more convex and prominent than in O. obus- tus, and with a less distinct row of fine hairs along the margin. Pre- anal scale thinner and somewhat angular like the apex of the segment. Five specimens, three evidently immature and the others possibly so. The only complete specimen is a male with 38 segments, but only about 12 mm. long. ONYCHELUS DENTATUS, new species. Type.—Cat. No. 804, U. S. National Museum, collected at Fort Huachuea, Arizona, by T. E. Wilcox. Accession No. 26403. Diagnosis.—Similar in size and shape to Onychelus obustus, but having the lateral angles of the first segment acute and striate, the transverse constriction very shallow and indistinct, the pores closer to the posterior margin, and the lateral suture not marked by a distinct groove. Description.—Body about 40 mm. long with a diameter of 4.5 mm., composed of 48 segments. Color of Blcunohe specimen very deep olive green, nearly black; legs and antenne also dark, with a bluish tinge. Clypeal foveole five on each side, the outer pair close to the margin and smaller than the others. Surface of clypeus with a few irregular impressed lines; otherwise evenly convex but scarcely shining. Eyes composed of nearly 40 ocelli, arranged in seven rows, counted as follows: 4, 6, 6, 7; 7, 4; 2, amd?5,)6,0%,07,)G, p00: First segment with the lateral corner acute, more produced than in O. obustus or O. hospes, the anterior raised margin more pronounced and the posterior margin striate or grooved near the angle like the sides of the other segments. The raised margin is carried farther back around the corner than in O. obustus and even projects very slightly, so that the posterior margin appears slightly emarginate just above the corner. Segments very minutely and indistinctly punctate-coriaceous on the surface, the punctations more distinct than in O. obustus, but less distinct and less numerous than in O. hospes. The transverse constriction is very slight, but follows the posterior suture, so that the pores are in the line of the constriction. The lateral suture is No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 159 not indicated by a groove behind the pore as in QO. obustus. The suture crosses the midbelt in an oblique direction, being turned or bent downward to meet the pore, which appears to be set exactly at the junction of the sutures. The ventral striations are much more pronounced than in QO. obustus, with the ridges running out into distinct teeth along the posterior margin. | Last segment more produced and more angular at apex than in O. obustus, and the surface rugulose-punctate, more distinctly than the preceding segments. Anal valves somewhat more prominent than in O. obustus, dis- tinctly exceeding the apex of the last segment. Surface distinctly rugulose-punctate, especially on the sides; margin fringed with a row of short hairs. Preanal scale broadly rounded, but not thickened as in O. obustus. The more angular first segment and the indistinct transverse con- strictions are similar to those of the related Texan genus Lurelus. ONYCHELUS SUTURATUS, new species. Type.—Cat. No. 805, U. S. National Museum, collected at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, by T. E. Wilcox. Accession No. 27626. Diagnosis.—Similar in size and general appearance to O. dentatus, but with the sculpture of the ventral surfaces coarser and more pro- nounced and all the sutures marked by superficial grooves. Description.—Body about 43 mm. long, 4.6 mm. in transverse diameter, and 4.2 mm. in vertical diameter, the segments being appreciably depressed. Color, very dark green, nearly black. Clypeal foveole four on each side, the inner pair very small and crowded into the median suture, the next two pairs large and also crowded toward the middle. Outer pair very small, near the margin, remote from the others. Eyes composed of over 40 ocelli arranged in seven rows, 6, 7, 8, 7, 7, 5, 3, to form nearly circular clusters. First segment much as in O. dentatus, but the lateral angles some- what more produced and the anterior raised margin distinctly narrower. Posterior margin distinctly striate on the sides and also distinctly notched just above the corner. Segments nearly as smooth as in O. obustus, very finely and irregu- larly punctate-coriaceous, but somewhat less than in O. dentatus. Transverse constriction very slight, appearing to follow the suture on the sides, passing a little in front of the suture above. All the sutures, anterior and posterior, median, lateral, pleural and ventral, are marked by distinct superficial grooves. The reticulate sculpture of the ventral surfaces is coarser and more pronounced than in QO. dentatus, although the longitudinal striations are rather less 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. accentuated. The anterior transverse and pleural sutures are especially well marked and completely interrupt the patterns of the superficial network. The pleure are distinctly wider in front, the forebelt, being narrowed and shortened below. Last segment of much the same shape as in O. dentatus; surface of the segment and the valves less rugulose and more distinctly punctate. Morphological interest warrants the description of the peculiarities of this animal, though more abundant material must determine whether they have taxonomic importance or not. Genus CYGLOTHAYROPHORUS Pocock Cyclothyrophorus Pocock, Biologia Centr.-Amer., 1908, p. 83. The Mexican genus Cyclothyrophorus, established by Pocock on C. salvini from the Mexican State of Guerrero, may belong to the same general group as Onychelus and Eurelus. The anal valves have the same peculiarity of meeting in a reentering angle or groove, and the anterior corners of the first segment are cut away so as to expose the sides of the mandibulary stipes. Nevertheless, if the character- istics of the type species are taken into account, the genus Cyclothy- rophorus appears to be quite distinct from the more northern types. The body of (@. salvini is described as slender, less than 3 mm. wide and over 12 times aslong. The antenne are crassate, with the second and third joints about equal in length. The first segment is ‘ with- out trace of a sulcus” to define an anterior margin. Second seg- ment ‘projecting below the level of the first.” The coxz of the third pair of legs of males are without processes, and the ventral plate of the gonopods is not produced, fully exposing the oblong anterior lobes. The form of the body, the absence of processes from the third pair of legs of the males, and the form of the coleopods seem to ally Cyclothyrophorus with Onychelus rather than with Eurelus. ANELUS, new genus. Type.—Anelus reduncus, a new species from south Texas. Diagnosis.—Remotely related to Onychelus and Eurelus, but readily distinguished by having the first segment very broad, with two nearly square lateral corners, the body segments with densely reticulate forebelt and coarsely punctate hindbelt, the last seg- ment with a produced triangular apex, the anterior male legs with- out coxal processes, and the ventral plate of the on legs rudimentary. Description.—Body rather small and robust, nine or ten times as long as broad, cylindrical, slightly thicker in front, rather abruptly tapered behind, coiling into a close spiral. No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOX. 161 Antenne short, subclavate, joint 2 distinctly the longest, joint 1 next, joints 3-5 subequal, slightly exceeded by 6, about half as long as joint 2. Antennz accommodated by a lateral depression of the head and mandibulary stipe and partly covered by the wide anterior corner of the first segment. Olfactory cones 4. Hyes of less than 20 rather prominent ocelli arranged in five rows. First segment very broad, not emarginate below the eyes and with broad anterior and posterior lateral angles, the latter more rounded, the former somewhat produced and with a very broad raised margin. Second segment not produced below the first, but crossed by an obliquely longitudinal crest parallel with the lower edge of the first segment. Segments of middle of body with no distinct constriction, the hindbelt scarcely more convex than the midbelt. Anterior suture usually distinct, the posterior often perceptible as a fine superficial striation; median suture often marked by a distinct groove of the hindbelt. Forebelt and covered parts of midbelt with very fine indistinct irregular striations along the anterior margin, passing into a more distinct, very fine reticulation. Exposed parts of midbelt beset with deep, coarse punctations, irregular in size and arrange- ment. Hindbelt nearly smooth, with a few minute punctations and fine longitudinal strie. The more distinct lateral and ventral striations are confined to the hindbelt. They begin well below the pores on anterior segments, but on posterior segments come up nearly to the pores. Repugnatorial pores, with slightly raised margins set in distinct depressions, slightly below the middle of the segment, on or in front of the posterior suture. Lateral suture not indicated on the midbelt, but marked by a distinct straight groove crossing the hindbelt and sloping slightly upward from the pore, instead of downward like the other lateral striations. Supplementary margin short, with fine longitudinal striations; minutely pectinate with extremely fine-pointed teeth, visible with a quarter-inch objective. Sterna quadrate, less than twice as broad as long; the lateral margins parallel, the anterior distinctly convex; surface with fine transverse striations, somewhat irregular and broken. Pleural sutures indistinct, indicated by interruption of the surface reticu- lation of the midbelt. Legs of anterior segments of males not crassate, the claws not enlarged. Basal joints rather prominent below, but not distinctly produced. Posterior segments somewhat abruptly narrowed and shortened, especially the two penultimate. Last segment with a thickened, 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11—1 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. triangular apex projecting for about half its length beyond the closed anal valves. | Anal valves moderately convex, not thickened nor prominent, the edges meeting in a slight groove. Surface nearly smooth. Preanal scale short, broadly rounded. Coleopods with ventral plate rudimentary, not produced in the middle, exposing the whole of the long, subquadrate anterior lobes, which are closely approximate along the median line. Gonopods rather straight, the projecting apex consisting of two parts, the mesial a simple oblong transverse blade, the lateral shorter and ending in two incurved prongs that partially embrace the middle of the mesial blade. Sixth and seventh segments of males not notably enlarged nor prominent below; coalesced pleure of seventh segment crossed by a broad flattened elevation, not projecting as a crest, the median suture distinct. The very broadly rounded lateral margins of the first segment and the projecting apex of the last segment would at once distinguish this genus from all members of the order Anocheta previously known in the United States without taking the other peculiar characters into account. The affinity with Hurelus and Onychelus is certainly very slight, but there is still less with the more northern genera Arctobolus and Tylobolus. The absence of scobine and of a median process from the ventral plate of the coleopods distinguish Anelus from the Mexican and Cen- tral American forms that have the last segment produced. The broadly rounded first segment might be supposed to ally this genus with Rhinocricus as well as the produced last segment, but it does not appear that there is any real affinity with the scobinate forms. ANELUS REDUNCUS, new species. Type.—Cat. No. 798, U. 5S. National Museum, collected near Brownsville, Texas, January, 1905, by O. F. Cook. Length of male about 30 mm., width about 3 mm. Number of segments, 44. The largest female specimens are nearly 4 mm. in diameter. Color in life slate gray, the dark background modified by pale bluish punctations not large enough to be distinguished by the naked eye. Alcoholic specimens change to a moderately dark grayish brown, but distinctly banded. The midbelt still appears gray and the anterior part of the hindbelt dark brown. Posterior part of hind- belt and exposed parts of forebelt light brown. Clypeal foveole three on each side, the two upper close together, the lower much more widely separated; surface of clypeus and vertex smooth and shining. ° Kyes rounded, of 17 ocelli, arranged in five rows—3, 4, 4, 4, 2. No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 168 First segment with surface smooth, not punctate nor striate like the others. Lateral margin nearly straight or slightly emarginate in the middle, the strongly thickened raised margin broadened and slightly produced to a broadly angled corner. Surface of segments divided into three bands, the forebelt reticulate, the midbelt coarsely punctate and the hindbelt smooth, except for a few minute punctations along the midbelt, and a few fine longitudinal wrinkles or grooves. Reticulations limited to forebelt on the dorsal surface, but covering about half of midbelt lower down. Penultimate segments distinctly narrowed and shortened, and the punctations less pronounced. Last segment nearly smooth with a distinctly triangular produced apex, slightly decurved. Anal valves and preanal scale also smooth. Several specimens were collected in a small forest of the Texan palmetto (/nodes texana) not far from the north bank of the Rio Grande, a few miles east of Brownsville. They showed no tendency to congregate in rotten wood, as Arctobolus usually does, but were scattered about in the humus layer, an inch or two below the surface. No other millipeds were found in the same place. It is possible, of course, that the Brownsville locality represents the most northern distribution of a species otherwise limited to Mexico, but this is not to be taken for granted. The Texas palmetto appears to have ranged formerly as far north as Jackson County ANELUS RICHARDSONI (Pocock). Spirobolellus richardsoni Pocock, Biologia Centr.-Amer., 1908, p. 87. A Mexican milliped from Tampico, larger than A. reduncus, but having the last segment shorter and the outer ramus of the gonopod with the terminal prongs very unequal. The females attain, accord- ing to Pocock, a length of 56 mm. and a diameter of about 5.5 mm. The projecting apex of the last segment of A. richardsoni is ‘‘a rather wide and flat, apically rounded, caudal process which surpasses the summit of the valves,” while the corresponding part of the Texan ani- mal is rather acutely triangular, about as long as wide. The anterior portion of the surface of the segments is not described as reticulate, but ‘‘only very finely striolate,’’ and there is said to be a distinct transverse sulcus or constriction of the segments, which is not true of A. reduncus. Pocock recognizes the improbability of any close alliance between the Mexican species and the genus Spirobolellus, the type of which came from Sumatra. The sexual characters of the original Hast Indian species of Spirobelelius have not been described. GLOSSELUS, new genus. Type.—Glosselus musarum, a new species from Costa Rica. Diagnosis.—Apparently related to Anelus, but with the first segment strongly emarginate behind the antennz, the last segment scarcely 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. produced, the anal valves with prominent margins, the cox of the fifth pair of legs of males armed with processes, the ventral plate of the coleopods large, and the anterior lobes widely separated. Description.—Body rather small and slender, over ten times as long as broad, cylindrical, slightly thicker in front, the sixth and seventh segments of the male distinctly wider. Antenne rather short, subclavate, joint 6 the longest, slightly exceeding joint 2; joints 3-5 subequal, distinctly shorter than joint 6. Antenne accommodated by a large lateral depression of the head and mandibulary stipe, but the cardo with a prominent raised rim fitting against the emargination of the first segment, so that the antenne are excluded. Olfactory cones four. Eyes of more than 40 flattened ocelli arranged in six or seven vertical curved rows. First segment much longer in the middle than in Anelus, much shorter on the sides; distinctly broader than the second segment, dis- tinctly narrowed by a broad emargination below the level of the eyes, but with rounded lateral angles, both the emargination and the angle bordered by a very distinct, rather narrow ridge. Second segment slightly exposed below the first when viewed from the side, but with- out a crest as in Anelus. Segments of middle of body with a slight constriction a little in front of the posterior suture, the hindbelt and midbelt about equally convex. Sutures not indicated by superficial striations, but becom- ing distinct as white lines as the animals dry out, except the median. Forebelt nearly smooth, the striations extremely fine and indistinct. Midbelt rather sparsely covered with short curved striz deepening to a row of distinct punctations in the constriction. Hindbelt above smooth and shining, the lateral and ventral stria- tions rather few and weak, and confined to the hindbelt, but the con- striction with more numerous short striations below, replacing of the dorsal punctures. Repugnatorial pores nearly on the middle line of side, inserted in a distinct circular depression slightly separated from the posterior suture that bends slightly away from the pore. Lateral suture some- times indicated by a slight groove behind the pore. Supplementary margin rather thick and firm, the edge irregularly erose-dentate with short, broad, square or rounded teeth, not regu- larly pectinate with fine teeth as in Anelus. Pleural sutures very faintly indicated on the smooth surface, but often marked by a whiter line, especially along the forebelt and mid- belt. Sterna quadrate, a little broader than long, the surface covered with close regular transverse striations, No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COORK. 165 Posterior segments but little shorter than the others, gradually narrowed and somewhat compressed; constriction and punctations shght. Last segment abruptly narrowed and distinctly angled at the apex, equaling the anal valves or very slightly produced. Anal valves strongly convex, with rather thin, distinctly com- pressed slightly prominent margins, bordered by shallow grooves. Preanal scale small, the posterior margin nearly transverse. Males with anterior legs rather strongly crassate, all of the joints but the last swollen on the under side into rounded prominences. Claws not enlarged. Coxe of third and fourth pairs of legs of male produced into very small papuliform processes, turned obliquely forward. Coxe of fifth pair of male legs with processes four or five times as long as the others and thick in proportion, about twice as long as broad, subcylindric, shghtly tapering, with the ends abruptly hooked forward. Coxe of sixth and seventh pairs without processes, merely rounded like the other joints. Coleopods with ventral plate forming a large, oblong-ligulate median process nearly twice as long as broad, emarginate at apex. Anterior lobes widely separated, stout columnar, the outer margins nearly straight, the rounded apex slightly incurbed. Posterior lobes small, with simple incurved apices only slightly exceeding the corners of the ventral plate. Gonopods not exposed; doubtless retracted into the unusually thick bulbous bases of the coleopods. Sixth and seventh segments of males notably broader, the seventh inflated and prominent below; coalesced pleure of seventh segment with a very broad transversely striate anterior slope, the median suture obsolete. The dorsal part of the seventh segment very short, that of the sixth segment unusually long. The affinity of this genus with Anelus is certainly not close, and may prove to be very remote, but the external similarities are at least interesting. The transverse row of punctations renders the segments much alike, and the apex of the last segment shows a slight projection, giving at least an external appearance more similar to Anelus than any other Mexican or Central American type available for comparison. Both genera may prove to be relatives of Trigoniulus, and may assist in determining whether that cosmopolitan genus is of American or Old World origin. GLOSSELUS MUSARUM, new species. Type.—Cat. No. 799, U.S. National Museum, collected in a banana plantation at La Colombiana, Costa Rica, April, 1903, by O. F. Cook. 166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. Length of male about 33 mm., width 2.8 mm.; female about 35 mm. by 3.2mm. Number of segments 47 in a male, 49 in a female. Males have the sixth and seventh segments broader than the others; females distinctly constricted behind the head. Color in alcohol very dark brown, nearly black; legs and antenne slightly paler and more reddish. Clypeal foveolz two on each side, one near the median sulcus, and one widely removed, near the inferior margin. Vertex with sulcus distinet, and with a band of fine vertical wrinkles under the margin of the first segment; surface elsewhere smooth and shining. Eyes rounded triangular, of about 42 ocelli arranged in 7 ver- tical curved rows, counted from behind: toward the antenne, 9, 9, S759 1 and Slr 8. 76,301" First segment with the surface smooth, the emarginations very broad and shallow and the raised margin narrow but very distinct from the rounded lateral corner to behind the middle of the eye. Surface of segments smooth on the forebelt, sparingly punctate on the midbelt, distinctly punctate along the shallow constriction, smooth or very finely striolate longitudinally on the hind belt. Lateral striations numerous below the pores, but not strongly de- veloped. Surface nowhere distinctly reticulate as in Anelus. Poste- rior segments smoother than the others, the transverse constrictions and punctations becoming obsolete. Last segment, anal valves and preanal scale with surfaces smooth and shining. Nineteen specimens, mostly adults, were collected about banana stumps; some of the male specimens are smaller than the others, but do not appear to differ in any other respect except that the sixth and seventh segments are only very slightly enlarged. They seem to have as many segments as the others, and all the segments are pro- vided with legs except the last two, as in the adults. The copulatory apparatus appears to be partially developed. GLOSSELUS NARESII (Pocock). Spirobolus naresit Pocock, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 11, p. 252, pl. 16, fig. 4. The copulatory apparatus of G. musarum shows such a marked resemblance to that of Spirobolus nares Pocock that the existence of generic differences between the two species seem very improbable. The ventral plate, as well as the anterior and posterior lobes, are of the same general form, the most notable difference being that the ventral plate of naresii is shown with a somewhat triangular rounded apex, instead of emarginate. No. 1810. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MILLIPEDS—COOK. 167 The color seems to be quite distinct, that of naresit being described as slate-gray, with the posterior borders of the segments ochraceous and the legs and antenne flavous. The segments are also described as marked ‘‘with a transverse row of ring-shaped or crescentic impres- sions just in front of the sulcus.’”’ The drawings of the anterior and posterior parts of the body also indicate an essential agreement in the characters of the first and last segments, so that a reference to the same genus seems justified, in spite of the fact that the locality given for naresit is ‘‘Mahé Island, Seychelles.” DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ISOPOD CRUSTACEAN OF THE FAMILY IDOTHEIDA FROM THE MOUTH OF THE RIO DE LA PLATA, ARGENTINA, SOUTH AMERICA. By Harrier Ricuarpson, Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum. In 1888, the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, while dredging off the coast of South America, obtained a specimen repre- senting a new genus and species of Idotheide, the descriptions of which follow. CHIRISCUS, new genus. Body ovate. Head large, laterally expanded; lateral margins not cleft. First pair of antenne with a peduncle of three articles, the second inserted at the outer lateral margin of the basal article; flagellum composed of a single long article and a minute terminal one. Second antenne concealed by first pair; peduncle composed of five articles and geniculate at the articulation of the second and third articles; flagellum multi-articulate. Maxillipeds with a palp com- posed of three articles. Segments of thorax, except the first, fur- nished with distinct epimera. Seventh segment abruptly narrower than the sixth and not wider than the abdominal segments. Abdo- men composed of three segments, two short ones anterior to a long terminal segment. First pair of legs strongly prehensile, with pro- podus large and dilated. Four following pairs and seventh pair similar, with terminal joints furnished with long hairs; these legs have no dactylus. Sixth pair of legs much longer than the others, with the carpus and propodus elongate. This genus is similar to both Macrochiridotea Ohlin' and to Chetilia Dana.? It differs from both, however, in not having the second and third pairs of legs prehensile, and in having no dactylus 1Jsopoda from Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia. Svenska Expeditionen till Magellansliinderna, vol. 2, No. 11, 1901, pp. 286-291. 2U.S Expl Exp., vol. 14, 1853, pp. 711-713, pl. 46, fig. 1la-f. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1811. F 169 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, SSS to the last six pairs of legs, with the exception of the sixth pair. It also differs from both genera in having only three segments to the Fig. 1. CHIRISCUS AUSTRALIS. xX 9. abdomen. It differs further from Macrochi- ridotea in not having the sides of the head cleft and in having the second article of the peduncle of the first antennz inserted in the outer lateral margin of the basal article. It differs further from Chetilia m not having the sixth and seventh pairs of lees jointed and in having the sixth pair less elongate. The type of the genus is Chiriscus australis, new species. CHIRISCUS AUSTRALIS, new species. Body ovate, a little more than twice as long as wide, 8 mm. by 34 mm. Color, in alcohol, light brown, with a small patch of black on either side of the posterior portion of the head and on either side of the antero-lateral parts of the first thoracic segment; there is also a transverse band of black on the termi- nal abdominal segment. The head is twice as wide as long, 3 mm. by 14 mm., with the anterior margin pro- duced into a conspicuous median point. The head is deeply immersed in the first thoracic segment, but the lateral parts are pro- duced and expanded in wide plates, the margins of which are entire. The eyes have almost disappeared; they are situated some distance from the lateral margin in the posterior half of the head. The first pair of antennze have the basal article large and dilated, with the post-lateral margin pro- fia. 3. CHIRISCUS AUSTRALIS. First LEG. X 114. duced in a small rounded lobe; the second article is Fie. 2. Curriscus avustRAtis. narrow, elongate, about Eta one and a half times the length of the first, and is inserted in the outer lateral margin of the basal article; the third article is about as long as the second; the flagellum is composed of a single large article, about half the length of the third article of the peduncle, and a minute ter- minalarticle. The first antenne extend beyond the post-lateral angles of the head by a distance equal to the length of the flagellum; the second antenne are extremely short, extending only to the end of the second article of the peduncle of the first no.1811. A NHW ISOPOD FROM ARGENTINA—RICHARDSON. bgt antenne, and are geniculate at the second article; the first article is short; the second is twice as long as the first; the third and fourth are short, about equal in length to each other and to the first article, the fourth having the outer lateral margin produced in a large rounded process or lobe; the fifth article is a little longer than the preceding; the flagellum is composed of eleven articles. The sec- ond antenne are almost entirely concealed in a dorsal view by the first antenne. The first, second, and third segments of the thorax are about equal in length in the median line, being each three-fourths mm. long; the fourth, fifth, and seventh segments are a little shorter, being each about one-half mm. in length; the sixth segment is the longest, being 1 mm. long. Epimera are present on all the seements except the first; they are visible in a dorsal view only on the last three, being wide and occupying the entire lateral margin; in the other three segments they are narrow plates Le, and extend only half of the lateral margin. The fe. 4. Curerscus austraus. thorax tapers toward the posterior extremity, "°°? *™* X which is narrower than the anterior portion. The seventh segment is abruptly narrower than the sixth segment, and is not wider than the first abdominal segment. The abdomen is composed of three segments, two short segments anterior to the long terminal segment. The terminal segment is long and narrow, 3 mm. by 14 mm., and tapers to a pointed extremity. The first pair of legs are strongly prehen- sile, with the propodus large, dilated, and the dactylus long and reflexed. The carpus is produced on the exterior margin in a long spine-like process at the base of the propo- dus. The two following pairs of legs are not Fic. 5. Cutriscus austraus. prehensile, but are similar to the fourth, fifth, ee oe and seventh pairs, with the exception that the basis is more dilated and the carpus produced in a long wide process extending half the length of the propodus. In all five pairs, the last three articles are fringed with long hairs, and there is no dactylus. The sixth pair is much longer than any of the others and has the carpus and propodus elongate. This pair has a small blunt dactylus. Only one specimen was obtained by the Albatross at station 2764, off Rio de la Plata, Argentina, at a depth of 114 fathoms on sand and broken shells. Type.—Cat. No. 42092, U.S.N.M. DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW GENERA AND THIRTY-ONE NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON FLIES. By H. L. Vierecx, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. This is one of a series of papers based upon new genera and species of Ichneumonoidea or Ichneumon flies, in most cases contained in the collections of the U.S. National Museum and of such a nature as to call for their early publication. Family BRACONIDZ. DOLICHOGENIDEA, new subgenus. Head with the facial line greater than the transfacial line, other- wise as in Apanteles Foerster. Type.—A panteles (Dolichogenidea) banksi, new species. APANTELES (DOLICHOGENIDEA) BANKSI, new species. Female.—Length 2.5 mm.; black and shining; head dullish, man- dibles mostly reddish stramineous, joints beyond the second in both maxillary and labial palpi stramineous; dorsulum dullish, scutel shining, sparsely punctured, the punctures as many as ten or more puncture widths apart, wings whitish except the costa, which is stramineous between the stigma and the base of the wing and brown beyond the stigma, the stigma, which is brown except for a basal yellow mark and the radius, transverse cubitus and third abscissa of the cubitus, which are infuscated, fore legs stramineous beyond the trochanters, mid-legs with their femora mostly black, their tibiz and tarsi mostly stramineous, hind legs black or blackish except for a basal stramineous annulus to their tibiz and basal joint of tarsi; propodeum rather dullish except for the poorly circum- scribed areola, which is more shining and mostly represented by a depressed basin, virtually exareolate except for the areola and basal area, punctured; first tergal plate almost quadrate, parallel sided, shining, punctured, medially impressed though slightly, second tergal PROocEEpDINGS U, S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1812. ; a 173 TA: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. plate shining, punctured laterally, nearly four times as wide at base as long down the middle, its apical margin not well defined, arcuate so that it is narrower laterally than medially measured antero- posteriorly, exserted portion of the sheaths of the ovipositor prac- tically as long as the tergum of the abdomen proper. Type.Cat. No. 13510, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.—Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, September 4, 1910, collected by Nathan Banks. Named for Mr. Nathan Banks. APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) AFRICANUS, new species. Belongs to the same group as Apanteles (Protapanteles) fulvipes (Haliday, Marshall), with which it agrees in most particulars except as set forth in the following description: Female ——Length 3 mm.; first dorsal plate parallel sided or nearly so to the middle, hardly twice as long as wide at base; second dorsal plate poorly circumscribed, narrower at base than long down its middle, nearly twice as wide at apex as long down the middle, mem- branous portion of first and second segments more or less pale, third tergal segment more or less pale; radius apparently twice as long as the transverse cubitus, most of the veins and stigma blackish in the fore wings, hind tibiz tipped with fuscous, hind tarsi mostly fuscous. Male.—Similar to the female. Type—Cat. No. 13491, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.— Pretoria, Transvaal. Received from C. W. Howard. APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) BEDELLIZ, new species. Female—Length 1.75 mm.; facial line not greater than the trans- facial lme, head black, antenne blackish, palpi mostly pale; thorax black including tegule and cox, wings almost colorless, tinged with brown, basal abscissa of costa stramineous, stigma and post- stigmatic costa dark brown, most other veins in forewings strami- neous tinged with fuscous; the radius, transverse cubitus and third abscissa of cubitus darker than the rest excepting the costa, femora and tibize mostly stramineous to reddish, the hind femora and tibiz tipped with fuscous, their tarsi fuscous, or deep brown; pro- podeum shining, rugulose, with a median longitudinal carina; first tergal plate hardly twice as long as wide at base, apparently as wide at extreme apex as at the corresponding part of its base, the almost parallel sides bulging somewhat beyond the middle and finally sharply recurved so that the plate is as wide at apex as at base, dullish, mostly rugulose; second tergal plate shorter than the third tergal segment, but little wider at base than long down its no. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. L75 middle, its apical width at least one and one-half times the basal width, its sides oblique to the middle beyond which they are almost parallel, in sculpture similar to the first tergal plate, remaining tergal segments virtually smooth and shining throughout, only the third with apparent sculpture and in this confined to extreme base, exserted portion of sheaths of the ovipositor nearly as long as the first tergal segment, abdomen black or blackish throughout. Male.—Similar, its first tergal plate apparently twice as long as wide at base and parallel sided throughout, the second tergal plate hardly as wide at base as long down the middle; femora more or less blackish, mid tibiz with apical infuscation, hind tibize infuscated except for a pale basal annulus. Type.—Cat. No. 13501, U.S.N.M. Type-locality —Washington, District of Columbia. “Bred from Bedellia, September 9, 1910; T. H. Jones, collector.” APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) BENEFICUS, new species. Female.—Length 1.5 mm.; belongs to a group of species of which the American Apanteles (Protapanteles) radiatus Ashmead is a repre- sentative, but from that species it may be readily distinguished as follows: Scape and rest of antenne black, tegument of head black; thorax black, dorsulum dullish, indistinctly sculptured, wings hyaline, apparently tinged with whitish, transverse cubitus not forming an angle at its junction with the radius, anterior coxe blackish as are all the other coxee, middle femora brownish, fourth and fifth joints of middle tarsi fuscous, hind legs black or blackish almost through- out; propodeum almost completely smooth and shining all over; first dorsal plate apparently twice as long down the middle as wide at base and virtually smooth and polished throughout, sculptureless, second plate not much narrower at base than long down the middle, also smooth, polished, and sculptureless, the first and second tergal segments rather brownish, rest of tergal segments blackish. Male.—Quite similar to the female, agreeing in all essential par- ticulars. Type.—Cat. No. 13492, U.S.N.M. Ty pe-locality.—_Mozambique, Portuguese East Africa. Received from C. W. Howard, who sent them to the U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) CHRYSIPPI, new species. Belongs to a group of species represented by Apanteles (Protapan- teles) solitarius (Ratzeburg) Marshall. Female.—Length 2.25 mm.; head black and shining, antenne blackish or dark brown throughout, facial line not longer than the transfacial line, mandibles brownish, palpi mostly pale, mesonotum mostly dullish and closely punctured, many of the interstices narrower 176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. than the diameter of the average puncture, scutel shining, not so closely, but more distinctly punctured than the mesonotum, the punc- tures larger, most of the veins stramineous with a brownish tinge, stigma and costa brown, membrane almost colorless, legs mostly stramineous with a brownish tinge, tarsi brownish, hind femora with a brownish tip, all tibize with a more or less developed brownish tip, tegule dark brown, fore and mid-coxe brownish, hind coxe black; radius a little longer than transverse cubitus, forming a distinct angle with the latter; propodeum irregularly reticulate, without a median longitudinal carina; tergum brownish suffused with black, apical half of first plate punctured, the punctures apparently larger than but not so regular as on the scutel; second plate poorly sculptured with ill- defined striz, shining; middle two-fourths of basal half of third tergal segment with a lunate striate area, exserted portion of sheaths of the ovipositor hardly longer than onychium of mid-legs. Male.—The third tergal segment almost sculptureless; otherwise very similar to the female. Type.—Cat. No. 13490, U.S.N.M. Ty pe-locality Mozambique, Portuguese East Africa. ‘‘Reared from larve, Danais chrysippus.” Received from Mr. C. W. Howard. APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) CINCTIFORMIS, new species. Female.—Length 3 mm.; facial line shorter than the transfacial line, head black, scape bright testaceous, rest of antenne mostly dark brownish, mandibles, palpi, tegule, legs including coxe and trochanters, and membranous portion of first tergal segment all more or less stramineous to reddish stramineous; thorax with the vertical axis equal to the transverse axis, wings transparent tinged with brown, stigma and costa beyond the stigma very dark brown, third abscissa of the radius darker than and a little longer than the second, transverse cubitus and radius concolorous with the third abscissa of the cubitus, scutel smooth and shining, punctate, the punctures sev- eral puncture widths apart, not well defined; first tergal plate about one and one-half times as long down the middle as wide at base, par- allel sided to the apical third, from thereon with the sides oblique, its apex about two-thirds as wide as its base, rugulose, second tergal plate trapezoidal, rather striate, as long down the middle as the first tergal plate is wide at apex, second tergal segment reddish like the third and fourth and sides of fifth and sixth, distinctly shorter than the third, exserted portion of sheaths of the ovipositor about as long as the first tergal segment. Tupe.—Cat. No. 13502, U.S.N.M. Type-locality—Great Falls, Virginia, June 18; collected by Nathan Banks, No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIEREOK. 177 APANTELES (PROTAPANTELES) GRIFFINI, new species. Female.—Length 1.75 mm. Related to Apanteles halli but with the second dorsal plate mostly sculptured and with the color more as in Apanteles leviceps to which latter species it is evidently more closely related than to the former. From Apanteles leviceps it may be dis- tinguished by the smaller size, the presence of a more of less smooth sculptureless area on the second dorsal segment, by the apical half of the hind femora being mostly infuscated, by the first joint of the flagel being almost stramineous beneath and by the almost entirely black abdomen; ovipositor normally not exserted Male.—Sufficiently similar to the opposite sex to be easily asscci- ated therewith, flagel blackish throughout. Type.—Cat. No. 13482, U.S.N.M. Ty pe-locality.—_ Quogue, New York. Hight females and four females from the type-locality ‘‘Griffin col- lector, Webster No. 6268.”’ Received from the Bureau of Entomol- ogy, U. S. Department of Agriculture. ‘‘Were sent as having over- come a scourge of cutworms.”’ F. M. Webster. Named for the collector, Mr. N. E. Griffin. Genus PSEUDAPANTELES Ashmead. Type.—Pseudapanteles annulicornis Ashmead. APANTELES (PSEUDAPANTELES) CONSIMILIS, new species. Pseudapanteles consimilis ASHMEAD, Manuscript 1900 (1899), Smith’s Ins., N. 7 p. 593. Female.—Length 3.5 mm. Flagel blackish brown throughout, scape and pedicel mostly yellowish, head appearing wider than long, mandibles yellowish, tipped with castaneous, palpi whitish, tegule, base of wings, fore and mid-legs, hind femora, hind coxe apically, membranous portion of first and second segments and sides and venter of third segment all mostly stramineous, hind coxe basally cas- taneous, hind tibize pale yellowish at base merging into castaneous, then into blackish brown, hind tarsi dark brown, each joint pale at base; otherwise mostly black, wings hyaline, stigma uniformly dark brown; first abscissa of radius, transverse cubitus, and third abscissa of cubitus brownish; second abscissa of externo-medial, first abscissa of discoidal vein, nervellus and costa more or less stramineous to brownish, other veins almost colorless; propodeum mostly rugose, smooth and polished at base and with a salient longitudinal median carina; first dorsal plate half again as long as wide at apex, where it it is a little wider than at base, nearly parallel sided throughout, its basal third forming an obtuse angle with the apical two-thirds in pro- file, the basal third mostly striate and smooth, the apical two-thirds 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——12 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. mostly rugose but becoming striate apically, the apical edge inter- rupted by a smooth area in the middle, second dorsal plate about four times as wide as long down the middle and rugose, though not as strongly as the preceding plate, the third dorsal segment nearly three times as wide at base as long down the middle and almost entirely smooth; exserted portion of ovipositor about as long as the abdomen above. Type.—Cat. No. 13486, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.—Long Island, New York. Ashmead collection. APANTELES (PSEUDAPANTELES) ETIELL&, new species. Facial line not longer than the transfacial line; vertical axis of thorax virtually as great as the transverse axis; propodeum smooth and polished with a distinct median longitudinal carina; first tergal plate smooth and polished like the second, less than twice as long down the middle as wide at base and distinctly narrower at apex than at base, its sides gradually converging from base to apex, only half as wide at apex as at base, second plate at least four times as wide at apex as long down the middle, its apical edge slightly sinuate, hardly as wide at base as long down the middle. Male.—Length 2.5 mm., black except as follows: Palpi mostly stramineous, tegule almost colorless tinged with brown, fore femora apically, their tibiz and tarsi mostly, testaceous; mid and hind tibiz basally pale, together with their tarsi mostly dusky, wings whitish, first abscissa of costa stramineous, stigma and costa beyond dark brown, radius at least twice as long as the tranverse cubitus, the third abscissa of the cubitus distinctly shorter than the second, these veins, together with the recurrent vein, first abscissa of discoidal, second abscissa of median and transverse median vein, all tinged with brown. Type.—Cat. No. 13503, U.S.N.M. Type-locality— Pullman, Washington. Received from the U. 8. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, under ‘Webster No. 5935, August 10, 1909”; J. A. Hyslop, collector. Ex. Etiella schisticolor. CHELONUS KNABI, new anecie! Female.—Length 5.5 mm.; antenne 34-jointed, joints of the flagel black, finely longitudinally striate, at least twice as long as thick, sub- equal in length, each joint a little shorter than the one preceding, though from the fourth to the eleventh the joints are nearly equal in length to their immediate predecessor, that is, with the fourth nearly equal to the fifth, the fifth nearly equal to the sixth and so on, seape and pedicel also black, head, including clypeus black, face transversely rugose, with a median longitudinal more or less distinct carina extend- ing from the base or near the base of the clypeus to the base of the No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 179 frontal basin, clypeus rather smooth compared with the face, covered with shallow pits, its anterior edge truncate, the truncature about as wide as the anterior edge adjoining, mandibles mostly castaneous, palpi mostly fuscous; thorax black, mostly reticulate all over; pro- podeum rounded off, coarsely reticulate, tlie lateral spines represented by a kind of arcuate buttress, base of propodeum with a median longitudinal carina extending from the base of the superior aspect to’ the beginning of the posterior aspect and flanked on either side by a carina that attains the apex toward which it converges though nearly parallel to its fellow of the opposite side, wings transparent fuscous except proximad to the base of the stigma where the membrane is nearly colorless and the veins mostly stramineous, distad to the base of the stigma the veins are mostly fuscous like the stigma, coxea and proximal hind trochanters mostly black, rest of trochanters mostly ferruginous like all the femora, hind tibiz ferruginous except a fuscous stain at base and an apical blackish band enveloping the apical third, remaining tibiz ferruginous; abdomen black with little more than its basal third ferruginous, the ferruginous color of its base extending laterally to a little beyond the middle, the corresponding ventral area castaneous, the paired carine of the base of the abdomen extending nearly to the middle of the ferruginous area where they become lost among the numerous longitudinal reticulo-striations which continue to near the apical concavity where they are replaced by a kind of reticulation mixed with rugosities, the end of the carapace somewhat truncated and with a vague longitudinal sulcus down its middle; pubescence generally distributed, almost imperceptible, whitish or pale ochreous; tarsi fuscous or blackish almost throughout, Male.—About as long as the female, differing chiefly as follows: Antenne 33-jointed, carapace not so markedly vaulted, propodeal carine and basal carine of carapace indistinctly defined, hind tibiz ferruginous throughout at base, apex of carapace rounded off, not at all parted by a fissure transversely or by a vague sulcus longitudinally, basal two-thirds of carapace mostly ferruginous, the remaining por- tion mostly black; facial carina indistinct or wanting. Type.—Cat. No. 13487, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.—F our Mile Run, Virginia. Three specimens, two females and one male, collected May 30, 1910, by Frederick Knab, for whom the species is named. In many particulars this species agrees with Chelonus laticinctus Cresson, of which I had the type for comparison. Of the British species it has characters in common with Chelonus wesmaelii Curtis. From each of these, however, it differs abundantly, as may be gleaned from perusing the above description. The female paratopotype is essentially like the type female, though wanting the basal stain to the hind tibie. 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. CRYPTOXILOS, new genus. Belongs to the Euphorine and has characters in common with Peristenus Foerster. Apparently, however, more nearly related to Loxocephalus Foerster. ; Transfacial line at least one-sixth longer than the facial line, clypeus rather hidden and partly covered by the closed mandibles which latter are falcate and edentate and inserted back of a point on a line with the middle of the eyes, malar line a little longer than width of mandibles at base, antenne 12-jointed, not much longer than the head and thorax together, inserted close to and opposite the middle of the eyes, the space between the scrobe and the eye not as wide as the scrobe, head as seen from above at least twice as wide as long antero-posteriorly, occipital carina complete; notauli converging to the scutel short of which they unite to form a triangular lobe, recur- rent vein wanting, transverse cubitus incomplete, not meeting the cubitus; petiole almost parallel sided not produced laterally. Otherwise similar to Peristenus Foerster. Type.—Cryptoxilos dichromorphus, new species. CRYPTOXILOS DICHROMORPHUS, new species. Male.—Length 1.25 mm.; castaneous, shining. Face mostly yel- lowish beneath the antenne, divided by a low carina that extends from the anterior ocellus almost to the clypeus, front indistinctly pitted between the scrobes, scape but little longer than the pedicel, first joint of flagel longer than the scape but a little shorter than the second joint of the flagel, remaining joints subequal, excepting the apical joint which is the longest, antennz stramineous, infuscated, ocelli nearly equidistant and distinctly nearer to each other than to the nearest point on the eyes; thorax shining and somewhat darker than the occiput, wings transparent, faintly infuscated, veins stramin- eous, stigma very dark brown, forming an obtuse angled triangle and nearly as large as the radial cell, cubitus extending as far beyond the point where the transverse cubitus would meet as the transverse cubitus is long, submedian vein parallel to the median and not extending beyond the basal; propodeum reticulate, with a petiolarea; tegule and legs stramineous, basal hind tarsus approximately as long as the next three joints combined, claws apparently simple, empodium of hind onychium apparently nearly as long as the claws; abdomen brownish, smooth and polished except for the petiole which has three dorsal, longitudinal, straight, parallel carinz, second seg- ment cask-shaped, a little longer than the petiole and at least twice as long as the combined length of the segments beyond, the segments beyond the second apparently not differentiated, tip of abdomen and No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 181 protruding genitalia stramineous, claspers simple, nearly parallel sided, tapering, rounded at tip. Type.—Cat. No. 13497, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.— Bahia, Brazil. Type collected on cotton, March 16, 1883; A. Koebele, collector. DIACHASMA CRAWFQRDI, new species. Female.—Length 6 mm.; sheaths of the ovipositor as long as the body. Head black, antenne blackish, 53-jointed, face with a median carina extending from as far below the anterior ocellus as the same is wide to a point approximately halfway between the antennal line and the clypeus where the carina becomes reduced so that it is lost on the convexity of the face above the clypeus, clypeus with a median longitudinal welt, the lateral free edges of the clypeus rather reflexed or upturned, clypeus medially terminating in an obtuse angle which is flanked by a sinuosity that is bounded by the lowest corners of the clypeus, which latter are angular, apical half of mandi- bles more or less brownish, palpi stramineous as are the prepisternum and most of the fore cox, with the palpi paler, mandibles but little wider at base than at apex; rest of thorax darker stramineous, scutellar fovea divided longitudinally by a carina, wings infuscated, stigma and veins blackish, radius fully developed throughout and attaining the margin of the wing as far or nearly as far from the extreme tip as the second transverse cubitus is long, stigma forming an obtuse angle on its lower edge and about three times as wide as high, radius inserted a little beyond the middle of the stigma, nervellus almost interstitial, anal cell in hind wings nearly divided by a vein that is almost parallel to the nervellus, mid and hind coxe stramin- eous at base and blackish apically; proximal trochanters, distal trochanters of hind legs and most or all of femora and tibize black; distal trochanters of fore and mid-legs castaneous as is the base of fore and mid-femora, first, second, third, and fourth joints of fore and mid-tarsi more or less stramineous, fore and mid-onychize blackish as are their claws and empodia, hind tarsi blackish through- out; abdomen mostly rather ferruginous, the first dorsal segment with four carine defining five channels, the inner carine arched and terminating a little beyond the middle of the segment, the outer carine extending from base to apex and parallel to the outer margin, sheaths of the ovipositor blackish, ovipositor castaneous. Type.—Female, Cat. No. 13484, U.S.N.M. Ty pe-locality— Cuernavaca, Mexico. Sent to the Bureau of Ento- mology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, by Mr. D. L. Crawford, who observes that the specimen was ‘‘taken while stinging mango with maggots in it.” This species is probably a parasite of Anas- trepha ludens Loew. Named for D. L. Crawford. 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. DIAERETUS NIPPONENSIS, new species. Male——Length 1.5mm. Related to Dizretus piceus Cresson from which it may be distinguished by the costule diverging from the apex of the propodeum not at right angles to the median longitudinal carina and by the nonprojecting petiolar spiracles. Female.—F lagel 11-jointed, costule at right angles to the median longitudinal carina on propodeum, otherwise very as in the male. Type.—Cat. No. 13495, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.— Japan. Received by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, from Mr. G. Compere, under data as follows: Cabbage aphis, Japan, 1906; G. Compere collector; No. 15050. DOLICHOZELE, new genus. This genus has characters in common with Zele Curtis and Lepto- zele Cameron. Compared with Zele Curtis this genus differs essen- tially as follows: Clypeus broadly, shallowly emarginate, almost truncate, hind ocelli larger than the anterior ocellus and nearer the anterior ocellus than to each other or nearest point on eye margin, occiput immargined; radius received by the stigma distinctly beyond the middle, second discoidal cell completely closed, submedian cell with a brownish spot on the median vein and on the submedian vein, hind cox shorter than the first abdominal segment; first abdominal segment as long as the next two combined, with its spiracles nearly twice as far beyond the base as they are distant from each other. Type.—Dolichozele koebelet, new species. DOLICHOZELE KOEBELEI, new species. Female-——Lengeth, 9 mm. Resembles Zele testaceator Curtis, but differs as follows: Penultimate joint of m. p. distinctly longer than the end joint, scape and pedicel combined hardly two-thirds the length of the first jomt of the flagel but about as long as the second joint of the flagel, antennee 52-jointed, vertex with a blackish band extending from eye to eye; stigma infuscated, propodeum with con- centric arcuate stria; sheaths of the ovipositor about as long as the second abdominal segment. Color in general dull stramineous not at all reddish. Type.—Cat. No. 13496, U.S.N.M. Type-locality—Pernambuco, Benito Province, Brazil. No. 168, January 31, 1883; A. Koebele. Named for Mr. A. Koebele. HABROBRACON BENEFICIENTIOR, new species. The affinities of this species are with H. brevicorns (Wesmel). Female —Length 2.5 mm.; sheaths of the ovipositor 0.5 mm. long. From Marshall’s description of H. brevicornis (Wesmeel) this differs No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIEREOK. 183 essentially as follows: Color very as in Microbracon howardi Viereck, but tinged with testaceous and with yellowish stramineous color replacing the yellow, wings transparent tinged with brownish, stigma and costal vein brownish, other veins stramineous tinged with brown; third, fourth, and fifth tergal segments partly brownish laterally. Male.—Similar to the opposite sex but with the dark regions mostly blackish. Type.—Cat. No. 13494, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.—‘ Busi, just inland from Beira, Mozambique.” Portuguese East Africa, ‘‘From a maize storehouse.”’ Presumably parasitic on one of the Coleopterons that feed upon maize. In a series of specimens the darkening of the third, fourth, and fifth tergal segments is seen to be sometimes quite extensive, again wanting or almost wanting, at least on the third segment. The first tergal seg- ment, on the other hand, is apparently always yellowish or whitish yellow. HORMIOPTERUS GRACILIFORMUS, new species. Related to H. fasciatus Ashmead, compared with the type of which it differs as follows: Female.—Scarcely 2.5 mm. long; exserted portion of sheaths of ovipositor approximately 0.5 mm. long. Tergum hardly striate, first tergal segment virtually simple and rounded off at base except for the rudimentary dorsal and lateral carine, the latter obliquely extending backward and downward, attaining the lower edge of the first tergal segment at a point about one-fourth the length of the lower edge from the base of the segment; in both species the metano- tum (postscutel) as seen from the side of the specimen is produced into a low thorn-like process with the apex pointed toward the propodeum. Male.—Similar to the female. Type.—Cat. No. 13500, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.— Wellington, Kansas. Received from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Ento- mology, under Webster Nos. 5473, cage 119; 5472, cage 330; 6515, cage 497; 5476, cage 294; 5473, cage 300; 5422, cage 121; T. H. Parks collector; reared from an eurytomid in Agropyron. MACROCENTRUS (AMICROPLUS) CRAMBIVORUS, new species. Female.—Length, 3 mm.; sheath of the ovipositor 4 mm. long. Head black, mouth and palpi stramineous, infuscated; scape, pedicel and first joint of flagel dark stramineous, rest of antenne brownish to blackish; antenne 34-jointed; thorax, cox and _trochanters stramineous, rest of legs rather brownish stramineous, claws black; middle lobe of dorsulum hardly higher than the lateral lobes, notauli 184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. almost smooth; propodeum granular; wings transparent, faintly infuscated, second abscissa of radius about as long as the first trans- verse cubitus; first, second, and third dorsal abdominal segments stramineous, the second a little shorter than the first and fused with the third, second segment smooth and polished, remaining segments black, lateral furrows of second segment distinct, simple and extend- ing a little back of the middle of the segment, sheaths of the ovipositor blackish, ovipositor dark stramineous. Male.—Similar to the female but differing as follows: Antenne 38- jointed, flagel blackish throughout; thorax black; first, second, and third tergal segments black. Type.—Cat. No. 13481, U.S.N.M. Type-locality —Corry, Pennsylvania. Received from the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, ‘‘Webster No. 6703,” lot No. 31 and 41; W. W. Yothers, collector; reared from larve of Crambus. The paratypes are from the type-locality except- ing some females as follows: ‘‘No. 196 Ex. Crambus caliginosus,” ‘“No. 16920,” ‘‘No. 705, June 23,” ‘‘From unknown pupa, August 18, 1872,” and additional specimens from Jacksonville, Florida, and Washington, District of Columbia. Ashmead collection. The atopo- paratypes (paratypes not from type-locality) paler than the types and paratopotypes, but in color pattern, structure, and sculpture apparently typical. MICROBRACON HOWARDI, new species. Belongs to that catagory of Marshall’s section I having a median longitudinal carina on the propodeum (T’ropidobracon Ashmead). Compares well with (Bracon) Microbracon fulvipes Nees, from which it differs as follows: Female.—Length 3.5 mm.; sheaths of the ovipositor 5.5 mm. long; mostly stramineous and yellow, head and thorax shining, abdomen dullish; head mostly stramineous, except for the orbits which are more or less yellow and the interocellar area which is black, vertex exceedingly finely sculptured; dorsulum indistinctly sculptured, its median longitudinal two-fourths brownish anteriorly, yellowish pos- teriorly, the outer fourths mostly blackish, scutel yellow, rest of thorax stramineous maculated with brownish except the mesepister- num which is mostly yellow, legs stramineous excepting the tarsi which are brownish; propodeum mostly brown, stramineous laterally, perfectly smooth and polished, the carina distinctly developed _ throughout; tergum of abdomen mostly granular, yellowish and stramineous, in part with brownish stains, second tergal segment mostly reticulate, the third with the reticulations so arranged as almost to make well defined striz. Type.—Cat. No. 13493, U.S.N.M. Ty pe-locality.—Chai-Chai, Mozambique, Portuguese East Africa. No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 185 Received from C. W. Howard by the U.S. Department of Agricul- ture, Bureau of Entomology. MICROPLITIS MELIAN&, new species. Male.—Length, 2.5mm. Related to Microplitis cinctus Ashmead, compared with the type of which it differs chiefly as follows: Antenne blackish throughout, tegule and all coxe black; scutel shining, with ill-defined punctures; first tergal plate nearly twice as wide at base as at apex, parallel sided to beyond the middle and nearly twice as long as wide at base, smooth, sculptureless and shining, remaining segments smooth and shining virtually sculptureless, tergum blackish, the membranous portion of first and second segment rather brownish; hind femora and tibiz not concolorous throughout. Type.—Cat. No. 13508, U.S.N.M. Type-locality —Grand River, Lowa. “From Meliana albilinea caterpillar of V stage.’’ Experiment 342, July 5, 1910, and Experiment 601, September 20, 1910; R. L. Webster. PLATYSPATHIUS, new genus. Apparently related to Spathius from which it may be distinguished as follows: Greatest distance between lowest point on outer eye margin and occipital carinee about one and one-half times the greatest distance between uppermost point of outer eye margin and the occi- pital carina; notauli converging toward the hind third of the mesono- tum, at the beginning of which they terminate, the notauli as far as they go distinct and only half as far from each other where they end as where they begin, fore wings with the median vein strongly bent or curved toward the submedian which it almost touches, subdis- coidal vein interstitial with the median; first dorsal segment depressed, - apparently three times as wide at base as thick dorso-ventrally, approximately half as wide at base as at apex and nearly four times as long down the middle as wide at base, uniformly depressed through- out; second dorsal segment obtrapezoidal, its apical margin indis- tinctly arched back so that this segment is about as long down the middle as wide at base though laterally shorter than wide at base; suture between second and third segments indistinct, third segment shorter down the middle than laterally, gaster (abdomen beyond the petiole or first segment) bulbous. Type.—Platyspathius pictipennis, new species. PLATYSPATHIUS PICTIPENNIS, new species. Female.—Length, 4.5 mm.; sheaths of the ovipositor 2.5 mm. long; mostly dark castaneous, finely sculptured, dullish to shining; anten- ne 26-jointed, rather stramineous except for the 21st to 26th joints which are rather blackish, jomts of the flagel subequal, the first a 186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. little longer than the second and nearly as long as the scape and pedicel combined; posterior third of mesonotum with a faint median longitudinal carma, fore wings mostly infuscated, with a whitish fascia extending from near the middle of the anterior margin of the costal cell nearly perpendicularly to the hind edge of the wing; basal third of stigma and about one-fifth of the first cubital cell adjoiming, whitish, this latter area comprising the first part of a second fascia which reappears from the junction of the cubitus and the first trans- verse cubitus to the hind margin of the wing; there is a hyaline spot in the marginal cell and the tip of the wing is washed out or almost hyaline; most veins in fore wings brownish, rest of stigma blackish; hind wings colorless except for most of the venation which is stramine- ous; tegule stramineous; propodeum with the upper aspect sepa- rated from the lateral nearly parallel sided aspects by a longitudinal carina on each side, the lateral areas hardly more than one-fourth the width of the median area at base, the latter with a short median longitudinal carina at base; first dorsal segment almost triangularly produced laterally at base into a kind of buttress, first and second tergal segments dullish, the following segments of the tergum blackish and more or less shining. Male.—Similar to the other sex but lacking the lateral processes to the first tergal segment and with the lateral aspects of the propodeum not so well circumscribed. Type.—Cat. No. 13489, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.— Xalasi (Maputo), Lorenzo Marquez, Portuguese Kast Africa. Received from C. W. Howard, by the U. S. Department of Agri- culture, Bureau of Entomology. The maculation of the fore wings in this species recalls the Tineoid genus Argyresthia. POLYSTENIDEA, new genus. May prove to be the same as Polystenus Foerster, to which it seems to be more nearly related than to any other genus. Head back of the eyes extending nearly to or a little beyond the eye as seen in profile, antennz not more than 14-jointed; legs slender, basal joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as the next three jaints com- bined, disk of propodeum and disk of first dorsal segment approxi- mately equal in length, notauli wanting; abdomen with only four segments visible above. In other particulars very as in Hecabolus Curtis. Type.—P olystenidea parksi, new species. POLYSTENIDEA PARKSI, new species. Male.—Length 2.5 mm. Head black, finely sculptured, rather dullish, as seen from above, extending a little beyond outside line of No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIEREOK. 187 eyes back of the eyes, as seen from in front wider than long or with the facial line shorter than the transfacial line, ocelli not prominent, equidistant or nearly so, about one-third as far from each other as from the nearest eye margin, antenne 13-jointed, scape and pedicel pale, flagel brownish, joints subequal, the first joint a little longer than the second, mandibles and palpi mostly pale; thorax castaneous mostly blackish above, finely sculptured; propodeum with a median longitudinal carina that extends to a little beyond the middle and then bifurcates to form a nearly parallel sided petiolarea; hind wings without a parastigma, tegule, stigma, and most veins rather dusky stramineous, legs stramineous; abdomen finely sculptured, castane- ous laterally, mostly blackish above, basal facet of first dorsal segment bounded by a distinct carina and rather triangular with a delicate ‘median carina extending from its apex to the apex of the first seg- ment, first dorsal segment trapezoidal, nearly two-thirds as long as the second segment which latter is trapezoidal although nearly quadrate and at least one-third again as long as the third, the third one-third again as long as the fourth, second segment with a faint incomplete longitudinal median carina. Type.—Cat. No. 13488, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.— Wellington, Kansas. Received from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. “Swept from Agropyron, April 9, 1910;” T. H. Parks, collector. Named for Mr. T. H. Parks. POLYSTENIDEA METACOMET, new species. Female.—Length 1.5 mm. Head black, rather smooth and shin- ing; as seen from above, extending nearly to the outside line of the eyes back of the eyes, antennez 14-jomted, scape, pedicel, and man- dibles mostly pale; thorax black, legs mostly stramineous, rather infuscated; exserted portion of ovipositor as seen from above not as long as the apical segment of the abdomen. In other points this spcies answers well to the description of the genotype as described above. Type.—Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut. Type-locality—New Haven, Connecticut; collected by the writer July 4, 1905. STENOPLEURA, new genus. Related to Protapanteles Ashmead, from which it may be dis- guished in the depressed thorax which is apparently wider from side to side than thick dorso-ventrally; lower edge of scrobe a little below or on a line with an imaginary straight line drawn across the face and 188 PROCEEDINGS OF TIE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. connecting the middle point of each inner eye margin. Habitus quite different from Protapanteles, Apanteles, and Pseudapanteles, very suggestive of Goniozus and allied genera in the Bethylide. The male of the type-species was not known to the describer at the time the species was first described. At any rate, it has appar- — ently never been described. It differs from the female as described by Cameron especially in having the joints of the flagel at least three times as long as wide at base, otherwise it is very similar to the female except for the usual antigeny, as is obvious from an examination of a male received from C. W. Howard who sent specimens of this species to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, that were reared from Sesamia fusca in Portuguese Hast Africa. Type.—Apanteles sesamize Cameron. Family ICHNEUMONID. ANEMPHERES DIAPHANIA, new species. Female.—Length 8.5 mm. Upper edge of scrobe apparently not reflexed nearly as far from the anterior ocellus as the outer edges of the lateral ocelli are from each other, front rather uniformly rugulose, antenne 38-jointed, scape and pedicel yellowish beneath; dorsulum covered with whitish pubescence, tegule not prominently elevated, ridge bounding prepectus of mesothorax poorly developed or rudi- mentary above, episternum of mesothorax almost smooth and pol- — ished in part posteriorly, propodeum with only the basal three sides _ of the areola developed, no other raised lines present except the poorly developed upper lateral boundary of petiolarea, sulcus of pro- podeum very shallow, linear, transversely striate, spiracles nearly round, mid-coxe tipped with yellow, mid-trochanters yellow, mid- femora mostly brownish, hind trochanters yellow, their femora and tibie reddish brown, longest spur of hind tibie straight, wing mem- brane nearly colorless, tinged with fuscous, veins and stigma blackish, second abscissa of cubitus longer than the third, nervellus not broken; abdomen in profile clavate, petiole smooth and rounded without carine or fossv, distance from base of petiole to spiracle more than — twice that from spiracle to apex, petiole from a little before spiracle — to apex bullous and reddish, rest of petiole black; second dorsal seg- ment black and reddish, apical margin black, smooth except for a fine carina between base and thyridia, the latter longer than wide, and _ about as far from the base of the segment as from each other, rest of abdomen reddish except for a blackish area at base of third segment. Otherwise very similar to Campoplex oxyancanthe Boie. Type.—Female, Cat. No. 13485, U.S.N.M. Type-locality— Raleigh, North Carolina. ‘‘Bred from pupal cases of Diaphania hyalinata, October 15, 1909. Under N. C. Exp. Sta. Col., Cat. No. 56.25. Received by the U.S. Department of Agricul- ture, Bureau of Entomology, from Prof. R. 5. Smith. No. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 189 CREMASTUS HYMENIAZ, new species. Judging from the accepted classification of Ophionine this species should not figure as a Cremastus because the occipital ridge is not broken and the radial cell extends more than halfway between the stigma and tip of the wing. In other particulars it is so closely simi- lar to the genotype of Cremastus that I am constrained to give it this position. Female.—Length 6.5 mm.; stramineous, head with a broad black- ish stain extending from the occipital foramen to the scrobes, orbits, malar space and clypeus yellow, rest of head mostly stramineous, dorsulum with three brownish areas; areola poorly defined below the costulee, finely sculptured and dull, the sculpture similar to that of the other areas of the propodeum; wings hyaline, most of veins and stigma dark brownish; postpetiole and second tergal segment finely closely striated, petiole proper blackish, second tergal segment mostly blackish as is the third at base, exserted portion of sheaths of the ovipositor about half the length of the tergum of the abdomen. Male——Similar to the opposite sex. Type-—Cat. No. 13507, U.S.N.M. Type-locality —Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. “Bred from Hymenia fascias, August 16, 1910.” H. O. Marsh, collector. Genus HYPERALLUS Foerster. The following species described under this genus would seem to differ from Foerster’s description only in having the longer of the hind spurs at least half as long as the first joint of the hind tarsi. The thyridia of the second dorsal segment are not much more devel- oped than in Scopesis. Assuming that the thyridia are not con- spicuous in our species the same would be best received into Scopesis. Our species is apparently, however, sufficiently different from Scopesis to give Hyperallus standing as separate from Scopesis. HYPERALLUS CALIROZ, new species. Compared with Scopesis guttigera (Holmgren) Thomson, this differs as follows: Female.—Length, 3.5 mm.; front hardly depressed, first flagellar joint virtually as long as scape and pedicel combined, head black, dullish in front, polished behind, scape and pedicel yellowish, first and second flagellar joints rather stramineous, remaining joints more or less dark brown; clypeus mostly yellowish as are the mandibles, palpi stramineous or yellowish, posterior ocelli about as far from each other as from the nearest point on the eye, but nearer to the anterior ocellus than to each other; thorax shining, poorly sculptured; dorsu- lum brownish, more or less stained with blackish; prothorax mostly 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. 40. stramineous, tubercles and tegulz yellowish as is the disk of the upper division of the mesepisternum, disk of scutel brownish as is the disk of the metanotum (postscutel), rest of thorax mostly black or black- ish; propodeum black, the areola poorly or not at all satisfactorily defined, virtually confluent with the basal area and petiolarea, apical — transverse carina well developed on each side of the median longi- tudinal carine, lateral carine virtually wanting, median longitudinal carine wanting or poorly defined where they bound the basal area; wings transparent tinted with brown, veins and stigma mostly dark brown, legs mostly stramineous, hind tibiz with most of apical third blackish, hind tarsi mostly fuscous, fore and mid-coxe and all tro- chanters more or less yellowish; abdomen shining; basal tergite granular, blackish except for the apical fifth which is mostly stramine- ous with two longitudinal carine; second tergal segment granular, with the apical two-fifths mostly stramineous as are the thyridia, remaining tergal segments smoother than the preceding, although more or less similarly colored, ovipositor not exserted. Male.—Similar except for the thorax, which is almost entirely black and in the better developed carine of propodeum and first tergal segment. Type.—Cat. No. 13504, U.S.N.M. Type-locality —Tallulah, Louisiana. Received from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, under Hunter No. 1936, II, 14, 8-10-10, 7-12-10. Par. Oaliroa amygdalina, R. A. Cushman, collector; additional data on specimens bearing the same number and locality are II, 10, 5-17-10, 4216-105 Tle 17 9242104812109 71018 t= 10) Genus CAMPOLETIS Foerster Type.—Limnerium (Campoletis) prodenzx, new species. LIMNERIUM (CAMPOLETIS) PRODENIZ, new species. Female.—Length, 5mm. Black, covered with silvery pubescence that obscures the tegument only on the face and there only when viewed in certain lights; cheeks in the middle hardly more than half as wide as the eye as seen from the side, malar line a little shorter than the mandibles are wide at base, clypeus depressed along the anterior margin which is smooth and polished in the middle where it is produced into a kind of lip approaching in character the anterior edge in Sagarites, lateral suture between clypeus and face appearing distinct owing to the apparent reflection of the lateral edge of the clypeus, scape partly brownish in front, rest of antenne: black or blackish, mandibles yellowish except apically where they are as usual more or less castaneous to blackish, palpi yellowish; inner edge of eyes slightly, shallowly impressed above the middle. greatest diameter of lateral ocellus hardly more than half as long as the ocel- no. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 191 locular line, lateral ocellar line a little longer than the greatest diameter of the lateral ocellus, postocellar line nearly one and one-half times as long as the lateral ocellar line; costule developed, extending to the lateral longitudinal carine, which latter are not well defined, basal area and areola nearly as in Limnerium oxylus Cresson except that the third abscissa of the median longitudinal carina is nearly parallel to its fellow of the opposite side, apical transverse carina poorly developed, more or less wanting, second abscissa of radius straight as compared with the first and a little more than one and one half times as long as the same, stigma nearly three times as long as wide or high, areolet mesochorine in shape, petiolate, nervellus angulate below the middle, the portion below the angulation post- furcal, hind claws apparently simple; tegule, base of wings, anterior, middle and distal posterior trochanters yellow, anterior and middle coxe more or less brownish, hind coxe black, proximal posterior trochanters mostly blackish, fore and mid-femora translucent brown- ish, hind femora castaneous, fore and mid-tibie translucent brownish with yellowish above except apically, hind tibizw variegated with a yellowish band at base followed by a fuscous band then a yellow band, and finally with the apical third infuscated, tarsi more or less brown- ish; abdomen with a more or less developed apical brownish band to the dorsal segments and with the greater part of the sides of the com- pressed segments brownish, plica yellow infuscated. Male.—Similar to the female. The type lacks entirely the apical transverse Carine. Type.—Cat. No. 13483, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.—Mount Washington, Ohio. The types were received from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, with the following legends: ‘‘Bred from Prodenia ornithogalli, August 21, 1909.’ H. M. Miller, collector. MEGARHYSSA GREENEI, new species. Female.—Length, 27 mm.; sheaths of the ovipositor 35 mm. long; similar to Megarhyssa lunator (Fabricius Cresson), from which it may be distinguished by the maculation of the wings being confined to the basal half of the marginal cell and to the apical third of the discocubital cell and by the length of the sheaths of the ovipositor which compared with the length of the body are comparatively shorter than in Megarhyssa lunator (Fabricius, Cresson). Male.—Similar in color with the female but with traces of infus- cation along the basal vein; abdomen differing from that in Megar- hyssa lunator (Fabricius, Cresson) in ground color, and in the third to seventh tergal segments lacking a median longitudinal furrow. Type.—Cat. No. 13499, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.—Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; female June 21, male August 22, 1908. Collected by A. B. Champlain. 192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. The paratypes are from Boonton, New Jersey, August 14, 1901, collected by Geo. M. Greene; Canada; Pequaquawaming Point, Baraga County, Michigan, ‘‘woods on maple,” July 23, 1903, col- lected by Morgan Hebard; Indiana (Baker), No. 2002; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, June 8, 1908, August 22, 1908, P. R. Myers, collector; New Haven, Connecticut, August 10, 1909, A. T. Bourne; Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1899, H. Skinner. In the smallest paratype the body is 17 mm. long and the sheaths of the ovipositor 22 mm. long. MESOCHORUS INFERNALIS, new species. Female.—Length, 2.6 mm. Related to M. scitulus Cresson, from which it may be distinguished as follows: Basal areas brownish, basal area about three times as wide at base as at apex and nearly four times as long down the middle as wide at apex, areola a little more than twice as long as wide between the costule, sides of areola basad of costule a little shorter than sides of areola beyond the costule and about twice as long as the areola at apex, petiolarea about as long as the areola, but twice as wide as the same, one-third as wide at base as at apex, the basal sides a little shorter than the apical sides; basal third of first abdominal segment stramineous, apical third partly castaneous, hind femora stramineous, hind tibiz banded at base and apex with fuscous, their tarsi stramineous. Male.—Similar to the female. Basal areas blackish; areola and second lateral area brownish; apical third of first abdominal segment - black. Type.—Cat. No. 13480, U.S.N.M. Type-locality—Santa Maria, Texas. Received from the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, under Webster, No. 4612. Reared in connection with Apanteles (Protapanteles) — flaviconche Riley, which is probably its host. The date is March | 15, 1909. Collector, T. D. Urbahns. MESOCHORUS PATULUS, new name. Mesochorus arcolatus VinRECK, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 29, p. 92, separate p. 91, 1903; not Provancher, Nat. Can., vol. 14, 1883, pp. 4, 5. MESOCHORUS NIGRISIGNUS, new species. Female.—Length, 3.5 mm.; exserted portion of sheaths of the ovi- positor at least two-thirds the length of the first tergal segment; stramineous, shining, head and dorsulum tinged with brownish; pronotal groove not divided by a longitudinal median carina, areola pentagonal, its bounding carine sharply defined, but little more than twice as long down the middle as wide between the junction of the | costule, the latter width nearly twice that of the areola on its shortest no. 1812. NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. 193 side; hind tibiz whitish, brownish at base and apex; first tergal segment with gradually converging sides to the beginning of the apical two-thirds, beyond this point gradually widening so that it is at least twice as wide at apex as at base, smooth and _ polished; setting of the spiracles virtually not at all elevated to a higher plane than the rest of the segment, postpetiole with a shallow almost tear- shaped fossa down the middle, second tergal segment with a deeply, triangularly emarginate black band immediately beyond the thyridia. Type.—Cat. No. 13509, U.S.N.M. Type-locality—Grand River, Lowa. Presumably parasitic on Microplitis meliane Viereck. 4‘From Meliana albilinea, Experiment 500, July, 1910.” R. L. Webster. PHYGADEUON (BATHYMETIS) PATULUS, new species. Male—Length, 7.5 mm. Compared with the description of Phygadeuon (Mastrus) neodipriont Viereck as given below this species differs as follows: Face shining, with rather clearly defined punctures, clypeus with a testaceous mark on each side, antennx 30-jointed, flagel brownish throughout, darker above on basal half and throughout beyond the middle than above at base; tegule yellow, coxz and trochanters of fore legs and trochanters of middle legs mostly yellow, fore tibiz and tarsi virtually stramineous, middle lateral area ribbed with rather prominent ruge; tergum smooth, polished, almost sculptureless throughout. Type.—Cat. No. 13506, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.—Crawford, Nebraska. “Bred from a Diprionid July 18, 1910.” M. H. Swenk. Genus DAICTES Foerster (=ISOTIMA Foerster.) The following species is regarded by the writer as an Jsotima with an areolet, as is found in Hemiteles Gravenhorst, strictly speaking. _As it agrees with the diagnosis of Daictes Foerster except in having an incomplete areolet and the latter name has page precedence, it is proposed to regard it as a Daictes Foerster and assign it as a sub- genus of Phygadeuon at present, it being apparently a Phygadeuo- nine in spite of the conformation of the areolet. Compared with the genotype of Stiboscopus (Foerster) Ashmead, Stiboscopus thoracicus Ashmead, the description of Daictes will read as follows: Antenne thickened so that the first flagellar jot is hardly more than three times as long as thick at base, greatest width of head back of the eyes, as seen in profile as great as the corresponding width of the eyes seen from the same point of view, distance from the antennal line to the apex of clypeus about as great as the distance from middle of face to eye margin; apical transverse carina 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11 13 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, Sa a aaa Ba aE a aD Oc na Te angularly produced into a flattened process where it joins the lateral longitudinal carina, costule poorly developed almost lost in part among the sculpture, first abscissa of the discoidal vein as long as the remaining abscisse combined, the side of the stigma adjoining the disco-cubital cell almost half again as long as the side adjoining the radial cell; spiracles of first tergal segment prominent, the same segment with a distinct carina extending from the spiracles to the apex of the segment. PHYGADEUON (DAICTES) FUKAII, new species. Female.—Length, 5.5 mm.; head black, dullish, indistinctly punc- tured, scape and mandibles black, shiming as is the clypeus, pedicel blackish, first, second, and third joints of the flagel brownish, remain- ing fe Scllae ine black or blackish, lateral ocellus a little nearer the anterior ocellus than to the eye margin, palpi stramineous, infuscated ; thorax black and shining, indistinctly punctured, tegula brownish, wings suffused with brownish, veins dark brown, stigma dark brown except at base, where it is yellowish, fore wings yellow at base, legs mostly reddish brown, coxe black, tibiz and tarsi stramimeous, infuscated, proximal trochanters more or less blackish, distal trochan- ters more or less concolorous with femora; propodeum black, shining, indistinctly punctured, the fused angular area and third lateral area rugose; first tergal segment black and polished, the dilated portion finely aciculated, second and third tergal segments reddish, polished, more or less indistinctly sculptured, remaining tergal segments black, polished, almost sculptureless, sheaths of the ovipositor blackish, about as long as the first tergal segment. ‘Type.—Cat. No. 13498, U.S.N.M. -Type-locality.—Konosu, Saitama, Japan. » T, Fukai, collector. - Named for Mr: T. Fukai. Genus MASTRUS- Foerster. -The species. to be described. below is evidently a°Phygadeuonine with an incomplete areolet. , In Foerster’s classification this would go to Leptodemas on condition, that, the areolet be; ignored. »Now the _ genotype of Leptodemas would appear to be L. cariniscutis Cameron, as that is the first species to be included under Leptodemas to the know]- edge of, the writer. Accordingly . the description , of Leptodemas Foerster is. amplified through. Cameron’s description, of Leptodemas _carimiscutis Cameron. As, the Leptodemas Foerster, Cameron: has the. scutel carinate laterally on the basal half and the wings with.a complete areolet, which is not the case in the following species, it is deemed tnwise to call it a Leptodemas Foerster, Cameron. In NEW ICHNEUMON FLIES—VIERECK. — 195 Foerster’s classification of the Hemitelini where our species would 70 on account of the incomplete areolet we find that it attaches itself to Mastrus Foerster. As Masirus has as yet no species in it we propose to take the liberty to include our species and transfer Mastrus to the Phygadeuonine near Leptodemas. PHYGADEUON (MASTRUS) NEODIPRIONI, new species. _ Female.—Length 6 mm.; exserted portion of sheaths of the ovi- positor about two-thirds the length of the tergum, head black and shining except for the face which while black is dullish and mostly closely punctures, the punctures not clearly circumscribed, basal half ‘of mandibles mostly testaceous, the apical half mostly castaneous margined with black; antenne ore inten, from testaceous to brown- ish beneath, fuscous above, palpi mostly stramineous; thorax black and shining, tegule onmiele, wing base yellow, wing transparent tinged with brown, most of veins and most of stigma blackish, coxe ‘and trochanters the color of brownish amber, femora, fore and mid- tibie reddish, hind tibixe reddish tinged with brown, tarsi mostly brownish ; propodeum black and shining, poorly sculptured except im the confiuent angular and third lateral areas where the sculpture consists of coarse ruge; first tergal segment black on its basal half becoming reddish meal with black beyond, first tergal seement beyond the spiracles, or the postpetiole, longitudinally striated later- ally; second tergal segment reddish, shining, the apical two-fifths ‘depressed and very smooth, the basal three-fifths not depressed and granularly sculptured; remaining tergal segments smooth and pol- ished almost sculptureless, the third and fourth brighter red than the preceding; fifth reddish suffused with black at base, blackish apically Margined with stramineous; sixth segment blackish margined with ‘straminoeus; seventh segment blackish except in most of its middle third where it is PC nib naone and stramineous, sheaths of the ovi- positor blackish, ovipositor mostly translucent reddish brown. Type.—Cat. No. 13505, U.S.N.M. . Type-locality.— Crawford, Nebraska. “Bred from a Diprionid July 18, 1910.”’ M. H. Swenk, No. 1. Genus TOXOPHOROIDES Cresson. Type.—Lycorina? apicalis Cresson. Related to Lycorina Holmgren but differs especially as follows: _ Apical joint of antenne as long as or longer than the two preceding joints combined; scutel rounded off at apex and narrower at apex than long down the middle; propodeum without a basal area and with only the arcuate transverse carina! fully developed, no other *1In the male as represented by Glypta ranthozonata- Ashmead, even this carina is incomplete. 196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. carine present except the median and lateral longitudinal carinse which latter are much abbreviated and arise at the apex of the sclerite but do not attain a pomt anywhere near the middle of this segment, basal segment with a flarmg buttress on each side of the basal half of the segment, the basal segment not at all channeled down the middle; apical joint of hind tarsi shorter than the two preceding. Still another species of Toxophoroides is Glypta ‘scitula Cresson. FINAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE CATALOGUE OF THE PUB- LISHED WRITINGS OF CHARLES ABIATHAR WHITE, 1897-1908. By Timotuy W. Stanton, Custodian of the Mesozoic Collection, U. S. National Museum. Dr. Charles A. White, who died in Washington June 29, 1910, at the age of eighty-four, had been officially connected with the United States National Museum for more than thirty years as curator of paleontology, honorary curator of Mesozoic fossils, and, finally, after retirement from more active duties, as associate in paleontology. A brief biographical notice will be published in the Annual Report of the United States National Museum. An annotated list of his published papers was included in Bulletin 30 of the United States National Museum, published in 1885, and a supplement bringing the record down to 1897, with a total of 211 entries, was printed in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, volume 20, pages 627-642. It is appropriate that the insti- tution with which Doctor White was so long associated should com- plete the record of his activity as a scientific writer by printing the following final supplemental list containing 27 titles of papers pub- lished between 1898 and 1908. The titles are taken from a chrono- logically arranged and numbered manuscript list prepared by Doctor White himself. Olle Wuire, ©. A. Household Fuels and their Economic Uses. (Edited by his daughter, Marian White.) American Kitchen Magazine, vol. 9, pp. 16-18 ;. 59-62; 137-142; 182-184; 221-225, and vol. 10, pp. 13-17; 49-54; 124-129; 162-164; 207-209. Boston, 1898-1899. 213. ' Waite, ©. A. Early Homes and Home-makers of Iowa. Annals of Iowa, ser. 3, vol. 4, pp. 179-195. Des Moines, 1899. 214. Waiter, ©. A. Tne structure and significance of certain botanical terms. Science, new ser., vol. 12, pp. 62-64. New York, 1900. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 18138. 197 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. ee eel 215. Wuire, ©. A. Epitropism, Apotropism and the Tropaxis. Science, new ser., vol. 12, pp. 143-6. New York, 1900. 216. Warr, ©. A. Varietal Mutation in the Tomato. Science, new ser., vol. 14, pp. 841-844. New York, 1901. Pare Warrr, ©. A. Memoir of Rev. Willis Hervey Barris, D.D. Annals of Iowa, ser. 3, vol. 5, pp. 219-224. Des Moines, 1901. 218. Wire, ©. A. The Mutation Theory of Professor de Vries. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1901, pp. 631-640. Washington. 219. Wnirr, ©. A. The Saltatory Origin of Species. Bull. Torrey Botanical Club, vol. 29, pp. 511-522. New York, 1902. 220. Wuirr, ©. A. My Tomato Experiments. New York Independent, vol. 54, pp. 1460- 1464. New York, 1902. 221. Wuirr, ©. A. Petiolate Connation in Trifolium Pratense. Torreya, vol. 2, pp. 183 184. New York, 1902. 222. Wuirr, ©. A. Aggregate Atavic Mutation in the Tomato. Science, new ser., vol. 17 pp. 76-78. New York, 1903. 223. Wuirr, ©. A. My Boyhood Recollections of the Sac and Fox Indians. Annals 0 Iowa, ser. 3, vol. 8, pp. 617-625. Des Moines, 1903. 224. Wuire, ©. A... A Visit to the Quarry-Caves of Jerusalem. Popular Science Monthly vol. 62, pp. 544-549. New York, 1903. 225. Warr, ©. A. Spontaneous Fission of Olive trees in Palestine. Plant World, vol. 6 pp. 57, 58, one plate. Washington, 1903. 226. Wuirr, ©. A. De Mutatie-Theorie en de Paleontologie. Album du Natuur, 1903 7 aflevering, pp. 231-238. Haarlem, Netherlands. Translation into Dutch fro the English manuscript. 227. Wuirr, ©. A. Die Mutationstheorie und der Paliontologie. Natur und Schul vol. 3, pts. 5-6, pp. 248-253; Berlin and Leipzig, 1904. Translated into Ger from the same manuscript as entry 226. No. 1813. WRITINGS OF CHARLES A. WHITE—STANTON. 199 228. Wuire, ©. A. The Mutations of Lycopersicum. Popular Science Monthly, vol. 67, pp. 151-161. New York, 1905. 229. Waiter, C. A. The Relation of Phylogenesis to Historical Geology. Science, new ser., vol. 22, pp. 105-113. New York, 1905. 230. Warr, ©. A. The Ancestral Origin of the North American Unionidae, or Fresh’ Water Mussels. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 48, (Quarterly Issue), pt. 1, pp. 75-88, pls. 26-31. Washington, 1905. 231. Wuire, ©. A. Memoir of John Strong Newberry. Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 6, pp. 1-24. Washington, 1906. 232. Waite, ©. A. The Black Locust Tree and its Despoliation. Popular Science Monthly, vol. 68, pp. 211-218. New York, 1906. 233. Waite, C. A. The Northern Limit of the Papaw Tree. Science, new ser., vol. 23, pp. 749-751. New York, 1906. 234. Wuire, ©. A. Biographical Memoir of Dr. Charles Christopher Parry. Annals of Iowa, ser. 3, vol. 7. Des Moines, 1906. 235. Wuirr, C. A. The Archaic Monetary Terms of the United States. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 50 (Quarterly Issue), pp. 93-104. Washington, ° 1907. 236. Wuirr, ©. A. Aggregate Mutation of Gossypium. Science, new ser., vol. 27, p. 191. New York, 1908. 237. Wuire, ©. A. The Phenogamous Parasites. American Naturalist, vol. 42, pp. 12-33. Boston, 1908. 238. Wuire, C. A. The Aggregate Mutation of Parasitic Plants. American Naturalist, . vol, 42, pp. 98-106. Boston, 1908. 239. Waite, C. A. The origination of organic Forms. Annals of Iowa, ser. 3, vol. 8, pp. 343-358. Des Moines, 1908. < : P Ne oa ie ee Sule x ., ’ Frtged Fey te? “oe i , a 9 Bae ob ) . [ J ant i, te ry, peal hae ae ‘pd oe v . ; r F - ¥ mt nck vem i ¥ Ve Ta ie ig f : C4 elas oeky es) i igs! fA i se a bee ae Fo j a} VLA ead aes ere te a \ oh at Reds (fs ae Ov Pay), aN Ree dig ‘aaa A sate ed ; TAT 4 dis ° ’ rats . aur “ af? iF LT peeait&l es : : 5 ES 1 ‘; +. Bere Jae ‘He Pols a Ww bexihc! © ‘ F BT VORARSS RF cose) TIES A > = ey eu , - rk Toor ae Pt, cu Gwe Byity . ra rt i ei i ae ’ E a r fer |) : eA . COPE Ts eee "shy Ones a 5 hae et ae ‘ a. thi baat werqenrone ag is ) & 7 *e f eb ictird-e 2. ath j ; eve caf ndicvora oth 9 7 Ps) iy “ abt * ot “0 OE ee vt i 7 iw, a a NOTES UPON TWO RARE FLATFISHES (GYMNACHIRUS FASCIATUS GUNTHER AND G. NUDUS KAUP). By W. C. KENDALL, Assistant, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. On January 29, 1903, on station 7438, in Jewfish Bush Lake, 64 miles northwest by north of the west end of Long Key, Florida, in 8 feet of water, where the bottom consisted of ‘‘coral bar,” the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Mish Hawk took in a small ‘‘scrape dredge” a specimen of . fasciatus Ginther, 24 inches long, of which this is the first published record, and the only one of the species since that of the specimen described by Giinther! from some unknown locality. Ginther’s description of G. fasciatus indicates that it differs from G. nudus Kaup only in the number of dorsal and anal fin rays and the presence of a rudimentary pectoral fin on the right side. The present specimen agrees essentially with the description by Gunther, but perhaps showing a few more faint crossbars; being oval rather than circular, broadest posteriorly, and having an irregularly curved lateral line, arched somewhat in front, then curving gradually downward, then upward, thence straight to the tip of caudal, and somewhat longer pectoral. Head 4; depth 1.81; lower eye 4.28; distance from lower eye to tip of upper jaw 2.70; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head. Lower pectoral ray prolonged, longer than eye. Eye in pectoral 1.4; D. 68; eases Pods) C. 16: Transverse rows of cilia on body white tipped; preopercular and opercular ridges, chin, mouth, and snout fringed with cirri; ventral fringed; strongly fringed in front of dorsal to tip of snout, making it difficult to tell where dorsal begins; tips of dorsal, anal, and caudal rays bifid. Color on right side brown with fourteen or more narrow, transverse, darker bars, extending on vertical fins, and plain lighter brownish on 1 Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum, vol. 4, 1862, p. 488. Condensed description from Giinther: Total length 74 inches; head about 44 (53 in total length); depth about 14 (2in total length with cau- dal); D. 68; A. 50; P. 2; V. 5; pectoral very small, 3 in orbit; jaws hidden in thick skin; lips and left side of head covered with fringes; gill-opening not extending upward as far as pectoral; vertical finsin thick skin. Yellowish olive with 14 brown cross bands, as broad as the interspaces, all extending on dorsal and anal, the first across snout, second and third across eye; caudal with 3 brown cross bands; tips of the rays of the vertical fins white. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. 40—No. 1814. 201 202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, left side; tips of vertical fins, caudal rays, and pectoral white. Pre- served in U. S. National Museum. On October 20, 1906, Mr. Vinal N. Edwards, agent of the Bureau of Fisheries, at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, collected in’ Tisbury Great Pond, near the outlet, Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, a specimen of naked sole, of hich the only previous’ record is he original one of Kaup,' ito in 1858, under the name Gymnachirus Fig. 1.—GYMNACHIRUS FASCIATUS. nudus, described a scealeless sole from Bahia, Brazil, making it the type of a new genus. The Tisbury Great Pond specimen of G. nudus is somewhat larger and more circular in outline than the Florida specimen of @. fasciatus, darker in color, and has a straighter lateral line. It also appears to have a longer head, somewhat smaller eye, and longer snout, but otherwise, except in the absence of pectoral, agrees with it very closely as it does with the description of G. fasciatus of Ginther. fi 1Ubersicht der Soleinze der vierten subfamilie der Pleuronectide, Weigenmann Archiv fiir Naturge- ; schichte, vol. 1, 1858, p. 101. Abridged translation of description: “Without vestige of scales on body and fins. Anterior nostril in lip, next corner of mouth; second — above this, midway between theeyes. Fiveraysin right ventral fin; noleft ventral. * * * ( “Somewhat longer,than deep, profile and chin with cilia. Lateral line above middle of opercle, high, curved, and reaching tip ofsnout. The slimy brown body with 14 black crossbars, which extend upon the fins. Irregular concentric rings about the eyes. Caudal fin edged with white, with two black bands at beginning. SOD bls A. 42° Vi. 0-bs (Coals. ‘Bahia; presented to the Paris collection by the Geneva Museum.’’ No, 1814. TWO RARE FLATFISHES—KENDALL. 203 Total length about 2? inches; head 3.82; depth 1.85; lower eye 4.75; distance from lower eye to tip of upper jaw 2.77; depth of caudal peduncle 1.70 in head. D. 64; A. 50; V. 5; C. 16. Strongly fringed about the head, in front of dorsal and ventral, and crossrows of cilia on body; tips of rays of vertical fins and caudal bifid. Color in formalin very dark brown with slight traces of fourteen or more darker crossbars on body, which have disappeared after a long Fig. 2.—GYMNACHIRUS NUDUS. time in alcohol, the body becoming almost black; left side very dusky but not so black; tips of vertical fin rays white. (Cat. No. 67356, U.S.N.M.) More remarkable than the presence of this bottom fish in southern Massachusetts waters is the fact that it was taken in a so-called pond or estuary usually inclosed from the sea several months of the year. Of course, in the pond it is a chance occurrence, probably being one of the numerous stray species from southern waters brought north by the Gulf Stream as a surface-swimming young. DESCRIPTIONS OF TINEOID MOTHS (MICROLEPIDOPTERA) FROM SOUTH AMERICA. By Avaust Busck, Of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. The U. S. National Museum is indebted to Mr. William Schaus for the material on which the following paper is based, as well as for the bulk of the Central and South American material of tineoid moths it possesses, which is considerable. In the working up of this material the writer has carefully avoided any interference with Lord Walsingham’s part of the Biologia Centrali-Americana, which is now in press or partly issued, and with the material for rien the writer is thoroughly familiar. For this reason very many new species and genera from South America, now contained in the National Museum, were passed by and these remain to be described when the genera shall have been established by the publication of the Bilan In the identification of the forms already described from Sonik America, Zeller’s careful descriptions usually suffice to establish the identity of the species; Felder’s species also may be recognized with reasonable certainty from his colored figures. Walker’s numerous descriptions, on the other hand, are as a rule quite inadequate for recognition, but the writer has had the opportunity to study his types in the British Museum, and the National Museum has obtained carefully colored figures of these types, which proved a valuable aid in their identification. Family GELECHIID/. PLEUROTA LITERATELLA, new species. Plate 8, fig. 12. Labial palpi very long, typically Pleurota-formed, brown with whitish base. Face and tongue whitish. Head and thorax light brown. Forewings long, narrow, pointed, spear-shaped, light brown; dorsal half somewhat lighter and more yellowish than costal half and separated from it by an indistinct longitudinal streak of darker PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 40—No. 1815. 205 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. brown; at the end of the cell is a faint blackish shade, hardly dis- cernible as two small black dots; on the middle of the wing are two small, well-defined ocher-yellow dots, edged with reddish scales, one on each side of vein 1%; extreme dorsal edge ocherous towards base. Hindwings yellowish white. Abdomen above salmon red; under- side and anal tufts yellowish white. Legs yellowish white, tufts on posterior tibiz brown. Alar expanse.—32-38 mm. Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, collector. Type.—Cat. No. 13557, U.S.N.M. Cotype in British Museum. A striking species typical of the genus in oral and venational characters, but with rather unusual narrow, spear-shaped forewings. PSORICOPTERA APICEPUNCTA, new species. Plate 9, fig. 35. Labial palpi light ocherous, mottled with brown. Antenne brown with basal third deep black. Face ocherous. Head light brown. Thorax light brown; patagia with base black. Forewings light deer brown, finely mottled with indistinct, transverse, black striation; on the middle of the cell is a smali black, oblong spot, and at extreme apex is another deep black, very prominent, larger spot. Cilia light brown. Hindwings dark silky fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous above, underside light brown. Legs ocherous brown. Alar expanse.—28 mm. Habitat—Cayenne, French Guiana; Panama; Tuis, Turrialba, and Sixola River, Costa Rica. Wm. Schaus, collector. Type.—Cat. No. 13558, U.S.N.M. * Cotype in British Museum. A striking, clear-cut species, typical of the genus and not mistakable for any other described ‘species. Family G@COPHORID/L. FILINOTA, new genus. Type.— Filinota hermosella Busck. Labial: palpi long, recurved, reaching beyond the ivertex;. second joint slightly thickened with smoothly appressed -~- scales; terminal joint long, but shorter than second, slim, smooth, pomted. “Antennse longer than the forewings, finely ciliated (1); basal joimt without pecten. Tongue long, curled, scaled. Forewings long and:narrow, nearly five times as long as broad; costa and dorsum nearly parailel; termen evenly rounded; apex bluntly pointed; 12 veins; 7-and 8 stalked; 7 to costa; 2 from before end of cell; 3 and 4 stalked from no. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSCK. PAW end of, cell; 1° furcate at base. Hindwings broader than the fore- wings; costa straight; dorsum and termen evenly rounded; apex rather pointed; 7 veins; 8 free; 6 and 7 parallel; 3 and 4 coincident; m5 approximate to 3 wk Posterior tibia nearly smooth, slightly hairy above. , Closely related to the European genus Carcina Hiibner, but further developed and differing in the narrow wings and the coincident veins 3 and 4 in the hindwings; also it has lost the pecten on the basal joint of the antenne and vein 7 has reached the costal side of apex. FILINOTA HERMOSELLA, new species. Plate 8, fig. 7 Labial palpi light golden yellow, touched exteriorly with carmine. Face and head straw yellow; collar carmine. Antenne carmine with golden underside and basal joint and with pale yellow tip, preceded i by a broad blackish band. Thorax golden yellow with central car- mine spot. Ground color of the forewings bright carmine with ‘golden yellow, blackish brown, and silvery white ornamentation; costal edge from near base to apex and terminal edge golden; on the dorsal edge are two silvery white spots, one at basal fourth continued ‘up into a whitish yellow spot on the cell, the other triangular at “apical third. Three small golden yellow dashes are found on basal half of the wing, one at the base, one just within the dorsal margin beyond the first silvery spot, and one following the continuation of that spot on the middle of the cell. On the middle of the apical part of the wing is a large conspicuous silvery white dash surrounded first by carmine, then by blackish brown scales, which latter are continued into long winding lines in the central part of the carmine, between the various white and golden spots. Cilia blackish brown. findwings paler carmine with golden cilia. Abdomen carmine above, yellow laterally and on the underside. Front legs carmine, sannulated with black; hind legs yellow with a deep black, longitu- ‘dinal line on first tarsal jomt. Underside of wings bright carmine. _ Alar expanse.—15-17 mm. *Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. \ Wm. Schaus, collector. ‘Type.—Cat. No. 13559; U:S.N.M. A very striking brilliantly colored: insect. , - FILINOTA PERUVIELLA, new species. ; Plate 8; fig. 9. ‘Labial palpi light golden yellow. Face silvery white. “Head yel- ‘low touched with carmine. Antenne yellow. Thorax yellow with carmine anterior and posterior spots. Forewings light yellow with carmine and blackish brown streaks. Base of costal edge carmine; three longitudinal carmine lines on basal part of the wing; from 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. basal fourth of costa to the middle of dorsum and back to the apical third of costa runs a narrow blackish brown line shaped like a V, lightly edged with carmine; across the tip of the wing runs a similar brown line, also edged. with carmine, parallel with the outer leg of the V and connected with it by two longitudinal, somewhat oblique carmine lines. Cilia brownish yellow. Hindwings silvery white. Abdomen light yellow. Legs yellow. Alar expanse.—17 mm. Habitat.—Peru. -Schaus collection. Type.—Cat. No. 13560, U.S.N.M. An equally striking species, closely allied to the type of the genus but with quite different pattern and of lighter color. Genus PELEOPODA Zeller: Peleopoda ZELLER, Horee Soc. Ent. Rossicee, vol. 13, 1877, p. 385. Type.—Peleopoda lobitarsis Zeller. Though Zeller’s generic descriptions are totally inadequate for abso- lute determination, I feel reasonably assured in applying his name Peleopoda to the present genus, which has the following characters: Labial palpi rather short, hardly reaching vertex; second joint thick- ened with loose scales toward apex; terminal joint short, pointed. Antenne about half the wing length, ciliated; basal joint without pecten, thickened with scales. Tongue short. Thorax and abdomen robust. Forewings elongate, two and one-half times as long as broad; slightly broadened outwardly; costa straight, a little de- flected toward apex; apex bluntly pointed; termen straight, oblique; 12 veins; 7 and 8 stalked; 7 to termen; 9 and 10 connate or stalked — from end of cell, closely approximated to stalk of 7 and 8; or 9 out of — stalk of 7 and 8; 2 and 3 closely approximated from end of cell; 1° furcate at base. Hindwings broader than forewings; costa straight; termen and dorsum evenly rounded; apex bluntly pointed; 8 veins; 6 and 7 parallel; 3 and 4 stalked; 5 cubital, parallel with 4. Posterior tibiz and tarsal joints with heavy bunches of compressed hairs above. PELEOPODA MARONIELLA, new species, Plate 8, fig. 16. . Labial palpi light ochreous, shaded with dark brown exteriorly. Face reddish brown below, white just beneath vertex. Head whitish. Antenne white above, reddish on the underside; ciliation (1). Thorax heavily scaled, white, faintly tinted with ochreous; posterior tuft tipped with reddish brown. Forewings whitish, thickly overlaid with pink, brown, and golden scales. Costal edge from base to apical fifth rosy pink, which color spreads out on the middle of the wing and is diffused as a tint over the entire tip of the wing, more No. 1815. SOUTH AMERICAN TINEOID MOTHS—BUSCK. 209 especially on the veins. Apical fifth of costa golden yellow, edged below by a blackish brown streak. On the middle of dorsum is a large brown area and dark brown scales are sprinkled over most of the wing aggregating into short dark streaks, of which the longest is on the middle of the wing at the base, two smaller ones on the cell and still smaller and less defined ones along the apical veins. Just beyond the cell is a large diffused very pale golden blotch. Cilia whitish with dark brown streaks. Hindwings golden fuscous with dark brown veins. Abdomen dark golden brown above; genitalia and underside golden white. Hind legs heavily tufted on tibiz and tarsal joints; pink on the inner side, dark brown exteriorly. Underside of wings golden fuscous with costa of forewings broadly rosy pink. Veins 9 and 10 of forewings stalked. Alar expanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, collector. Type.—Cat. No. 13561, U.S.N.M. PELEOPODA NOTANDELLA, new species. Plate 8, fig. 15. Labial palpi dark yellow, shaded externally with carmine. Lower face yellow, upper face white, along the eyes carmine. Antenne reddish yellow, ciliation (1). Thorax and head white, collar touched with red. Forewings pinkish white with red golden and blackish brown ornamentation. Basal half of costal edge rosy pink; outer third dark golden yellow, which color widens out to an oval costal spot just before apex. Beyond the cell is a large ill-defined pale golden spot. Dark brown scales are sprinkled over the cell, over and around the pale golden spot and below the dark yellow apical spot; an ill-defined streak of brown scales runs from the end of the cells to termen and along the terminal edge are five small brown dots. Cilia rose. Hindwings pale brick red, cilia lighter. Abdomen pale red above, underside and genitalia golden yellow. Legs yellow- ish with heavy pale rose-colored tufts on tibiz and tarsi. Underside of wings pale brick red. Forewings with vein 10 connate with and vein 9 out of stalk of 7 and 8. Alar expanse.—19-20 mm. Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni, French Guiana. Wm. Schaus, col- lector. Type.—Cat. No. 13562, U.S.N.M. Cotype in British Museum. PELEOPODA IRENELLA, new species. Plate 8, fig. 17. Labial palpi carmine red; tip of apical joint white. Face, head, and thorax white. Antenne yellow, dotted with black above. Forewings 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——14 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. white, but heavily overlaid with dark brown and saffron yellow scales. keep aN ha Pe 2 MAQAAS OOLAt @ | eID DUAT ALOT sisi MM Reels, Bt 7) MANusScRIPT BOOK WITH LEATHER CASE. FoR REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 272. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 28 le ae MANTLE AND HEADDRESS. FOR REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 273. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 29 ORNAMENTS OF IVORY AND BRASS. FOR REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 273, 2 ie ai%< 4 - , ss ie ana cuaty, © 4 +. ‘, ful | : a . ° : , is ; F bik * - sh PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 30 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM y i\ Bem MASK, SPOON, AND HEADREST. FOR REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 274, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 31 Lasso. FOR REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 274, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 32 Ai \\ = * 2a = a= . = = = = 1 Horse BELL. FOR REFERENCE TO PLATE SEE PAGE 275, LC. 40: PL. 33 a ca WA ME PROCEEDINGS, (OBVERSE). OEM yp, eg a te, al ABYSSINIAN COINS. te) ~ N fa) < w i N oO Ww (e) < a my wW 7) Ww Eb < a a lo) E Ww oO z w iva Ww rs wi a oc fo} LW U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ys 1 + ai PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 34 276 (REVERSE). ABYSSINIAN COINS. a < wo ~~ N an Ww (0) < a uu WwW on lw = < =I a e) FE WwW (3) z WW a Wu uw WW va Ine {o) Ww as eae tegh ss LEE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM NEW SPECIES OF SHELLS FROM BERMUDA. By Wiriram Hearery Dari and Paut Bartscn, Of the Division of Mollusks, U. S. National Museum. The senior author recently received from Mr. Arthur Haycock, of Bailey’s Bay, Bermuda, a request to identify some undetermined species belonging to a series of Bermuda shells which Mr. Haycock is preparing as a donation to the museum at Hamilton, Bermuda. ° On examination several of the species proved to be new and, with Mr. Haycock’s permission, are described in the following paper. Quite a number are now first recorded from the islands, though previously known from the American mainland. One species, Cantharus mas- sena Risso, which is positively identified, is now for the first time reported from the western Atlantic, being previously known only from the Mediterranean. This distribution is parallel with that of another small species of Cantharus, C. orbignyt Payraudeau, which is represented in the U.S. National Museum by specimens from Texas, Yucatan, and the West Indies, though originally described from Corsica. The Columbella somersiana described in this paper is the largest species of the group of C. mercatoria to which it belongs; and it is much to be desired that full-grown specimens of this species may be obtained. There are doubtless numerous other small species at Bermuda still to be obtained which have not yet been recorded, and it is to be hoped that Mr. Haycock’s success in adding to the known fauna may stimu- late others to continue exploration in the same line. MITRA HAYCOCKI, new species. Plate 35, fig. 7. Shell small, stout, short-fusiform, white, flecked or clouded on the prominences of the sculpture with pale yellow-brown; whorls about five, nucleus white, blunt, polished; later whorls with, between the sutures, four subequal spiral nodulous cords with deep narrower inter- PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1820. O77 278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSRUM. vou. 40. spaces, the cord in front of the suture slightly more prominent than the others; on the last whorl there are about fifteen spiral cords which are crossed by about twenty axial, incised, equally spaced lines, the segments of the cords thus formed being convexly nodulous; toward the aperture the axial lines become feebler or obsolete ; aperture short and rather narrow with about six spiral lirations inside the outer lip which is simple and not reflected and hardly thickened; on the pillar are two strong plaits, rather deep within the aperture; the canal is short and not very deep, with hardly any siphonal fasciole. Length of shell, 4.7; of last whorl, 3.5; of aperture, 2.5; maximum diameter of shell, 2.5 mm. Cotypes.—In the Bermuda and U.S. National Museums, Cat. No. 221617. Named for Mr. Arthur Haycock. COLUMBELLA SOMERSIANA, new species. Plate 35, fig. 2. Shell of the general type of C. mercatoria Linneus but larger and differently sculptured. Color translucent white with spiral lines articulated with opaque white and reddish brown, and with radiating brown flammules above the shoulder of the whorl, all covered by a very thin, smooth, yellowish, dehiscent periostracum. Whorls about seven, nucleus worn, the whorls between the rather deep sutures convex and on the upper part of the spire obscurely nodulous; last whorl with a rounded shoulder, with on the whorl in front of the shoulder about a dozen articulated lines of color, slightly elevated, separated by interspaces about twice as wide as the color lines; the surface of the whorl is sculptured axially by rather widely spaced incised lines visible only under a lens; the type being immature, the thickening of the lips about the aperture can not be described; the siphonal fasciole is distinct, with two obscure folds in the interior of the shell. Length of shell, 24; of last whorl, 19; of aperture, 17; maximum diameter, 14.6 mm. Type.—In Bermuda Museum. Ordinarily I should be unwilling to describe a species from a single immature specimen, but in the present case the large size, charac- teristic sculpture, and absence of any species nearer than C. merca- toria with which it could be prudently united, lead me to believe that. it is best to put it on record. ACLIS BERMUDENSIS, new species. Plate 35, fig. 5. Shell minute, elongate-conic, white, subdiaphanous. Nucleus com- posed of a single turn which is well rounded and smooth. Post- nuclear whorls strongly shouldered on the early turns, the shoulder no. 1820. NEW SHELLS FROM BERMUDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 279 forming a prominent carina at the anterior termination of the pos- terior two-fifths of the space between the sutures. The surface of the shell between the anterior suture and the shoulder is marked by six equal and equally-spaced very slender spiral threads, while the space between the shoulder and the summit is smooth. Beginning with the fifth whorl the shoulder becomes less apparent and finally loses its angulation altogether. The posterior two-fifths between the sutures, however, remains smooth, while the anterior three-fifths retains the six raised threads. Entire surface of the shell marked by exceedingly fine incremental lines. Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl feebly angulated. Base short, moder- ately rounded. Aperture subquadrate, somewhat effuse anteriorly ; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip very thin, showing the external markings within; columella almost straight and slightly revolute. The type has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length, 2.1 mm.; diameter, 0.6 mm. It was collected in Bermuda and isin the Bermuda Museum. The minute sculpture is not indicated on the figure. TURBONILLA (CARELIOPSIS) BERMUDENSIS, new species. Plate 35, fig. 4. Shell very small, exceedingly slender, very elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls about one and one-half, planorboid, well rounded, having their axes at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, upon the first of which they rest without being immersed. Post-nuclear whorls high between the sutures, feebly shouldered at the summit, well rounded, marked by exceedingly fine incremental lines and about 19 somewhat sinuous, slender, depressed, rounded, spiral threads, which are a little wider than the incised lines that separate them. Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base rather long, well rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture elongate-oval; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, show- ing the external sculpture within. Inner lip slightly curved and slightly reflected over the base. Three specimens of this species (Cat. No. 221614, U.S.N.M.) were collected by Mr. Haycock in Bermuda. The type has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2 mm., diameter 0.4mm. This is the second species of Careliopsis known from the Atlantic coast of America. The first, Turbonilla (Careliopsis) styliformis Mérch, was described by Morch! from material collected by A. H. Riis at St. Thomas, West Indies, the measurements of which are more than double the dimen- sions of the present form. 1Malakozoologische Blatter, 1874, p. 168. 280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) PEILEI, new species. Plate 35, figs. 9 and 9a. Shell elongate-conic, light waxen yellow. Nuclear whorls small, forming a depressed helicoid spire, whose axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, and in the first of which they are about one- third immersed. Nuclear whorls two and one-half. Post-nuclear whorls feebly shouldered at the summit, marked by somewhat flex- uous, well-developed, regular, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first and second, 16 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth, 22 upon the fifth, 24 upon the sixth to eighth, 26 upon the ninth, 28 upon the tenth and the penultimate turn. Intercostal spaces about twice as wide as the ribs, well impressed, the depressed portion terminating in a deep pit at the periphery. A second series of pits occurs at the anterior termination of the posterior two-fifths of the space between the sutures. In addition to these two series of pits, the intercostal spaces are marked by fine, very regular, and regularly spaced, incised spiral lines, which are about half as wide as the flattened spaces between them. Of these lines, twenty occur between the two series of pits, while the space between the median series of pits and the summit is marked by fourteen. Periphery of the last whorl slightly angulated. Base moderately long, well rounded, crossed by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs which disappear before reaching the middle of the base, and about twenty irregular and irregularly spaced, sinuous, incised, spiral lines. Aperture somewhat effuse ante- riorly posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing external sculp- ture within; columella oblique, slightly revolute. Two specimens of this species were sent by Mr. Haycock from Ber- muda. These may be considered cotypes. One of these (Cat. No. 221610, U.S.N.M.) has twelve post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 6 mm., diameter 1.3 mm. The other is in the Bermuda Museum. The species is named, at the request of Mr. Haycock, for Major Peile, Royal Artillery, of Bermuda, in recognition of kindly assistance rendered by him. TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) HAYCOCKI, new species. Plate 35, fies. 6 and 6a. Shell elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls two, forming a depressed, helicoid spire, the axis of which is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, scarcely at all immersed, with the tilted edge projecting slightly beyond the post-nuclear spire on the left side. Post-nuclear whorls almost flattened, slightly shouldered at the summit, marked with strong, well rounded, slightly protractive, axial ribs, of which 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second, 16 no. 1820. NEW SHELLS FROM BERMUDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 281 upon the third and fourth, 18 upon the fifth, 20 upon the sixth, 22 upon the seventh to tenth, 24 upon the eleventh and the penultimate turn. Intercostal spaces about twice as wide as the ribs, well impressed, evenly concave, marked with two series of strongly impressed pits, of which one forms the anterior termination of the impressed intercostal spaces, while the other is a little posterior to the middle between the sutures. The remaining portions of the inter- costal spaces are crossed by numerous, very fine, regular and regularly spaced, incised spiral lines, that leave the spaces between them as raised flattened spiral threads which are about twice as wide as the incised lines. Of these incised lines, twenty-six occur between the two pits on the last turn and twenty-five between the median series of pits and the summit of the whorls. Sutures moderately strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base short, well rounded, marked by incremental lines and thirty-three somewhat wavy, slightly irregularly spaced, fine, incised, spiral lines. Aperture subquadrate; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the exter- nal markings within; columella almost straight and slightly revolute. Four specimens, cotypes, of this species were dredged at Bermuda. One of these consists of the nucleus and five post-nuclear whorls, and has furnished the description of the nucleus. Another has lost the nuclear whorls and has twelve and one-half post-nuclear whorls remaining; this measures: Length 7 mm., diameter 1.8 mm. Two of these are in the Bermuda Museum and two in the U. S. National Museum, where they are entered as Cat. No. 221611. This species and the following are related to Turbonilla (Siriotur- bonilla) puncta C.D. Adams. Both differ from the latter in being uniformly larger and also in details of sculpture. Named for Mr. Arthur Haycock. CERITHIOPSIS MOVILLA, new species. Plate 35, fig. 11. Shell elongate-conic, brown, the tubercles a little lighter than the ground color. Nuclear whorls two, well rounded, smooth. Post- nuclear whorls well rounded, marked with three spiral cords, of ~ which the first is at the summit, the third somewhat above the suture, while the second is half way between the two. The spaces between these spiral cords are a little wider than the cords. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by somewhat retractive, well rounded, axial ribs, which are a little less strong than the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second and third, 18 upon the fourth, 20 upon the fifth, 22 upon the sixth, and 24 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well developed small tubercles, of which those on the first spiral cord are well rounded, those on the median are slightly 282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. truncated posteriorly, rounded abruptly anteriorly, while those on the third cord are decidedly truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords form well impressed, squarish pits. In addition to the above sculpture the entire surface of the spire is crossed by exceedingly fine incremental lines and spiral striations. Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a well developed spiral cord, which is separated from the first suprasutural cord by a space a little wider than that separating the suprasutural from the median cord. The axial ribs continue to and over the peripheral cord and render it feebly tuberculated. Base somewhat concave, marked with a single low broad cord at the insertion of the columella, the space between which and the peripheral cord appears as a broad, concave sulcus; the space limiting the basal cord anteriorly is a feebly impressed groove. Entire surface of the base marked by fine, incremental lines and exceedingly fine, spiral striations. Aperture subquadrate, effuse at the junction of the outer and basal lip, decidedly channeled anteriorly ; posterior angle obtuse; inner lip slightly curved and reflected over the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The type has eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3.8 mm., diameter 1.6 mm. It and another specimen (Cat. No. 221613, U.S.N.M.) were collected by Mr. Haycock at Bermuda. CERITHIOPSIS ARA, new species. Plate 35, fig. 1. Shell small, ovoid, dark brown, except the white band which extends over the posterior row of tubercles on the last three whorls. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls increasing very rapidly in size in the first three whorls, after that almost cylindric, then again somewhat contracted on the last volution. The whorls are marked with two spiral rows of cords, of which the first, which is almost double the width of the other, is at the summit, while the second is immediately above the suture. The space separating the two is almost equal in width to the anterior row of tubercles. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked with axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first and second, 16 upon the third, 18 upon the fourth, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form strong tubercles, those on the posterior cord being elongate-oval, having their long axes coinciding with the axial ribs, while those on the anterior spiral cord are much smaller and truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords are well impressed oval pits. Sutures small, scarcely differentiated from the depressed sulcus of the spire. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a smooth spiral cord, which is separated from the suprasutural cord no. 1820. NEW SHELLS FROM BERMUDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 283 by a sulcus as wide as that which separates the two spiral cords on the spire, and like that crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs, which extend to its posterior edge. Base moderately long, marked by a slender spiral thread at the insertion of the columella, the space between which and the peripheral cord appears as a broad, strongly impressed spiral groove. Anterior half of the base marked by exceed- ingly fine, incremental lines and spiral striations. Aperture irregular, subquadrate, very strongly channeled anteriorly and feebly so at the posterior angle, decidedly effuse at the junction of the outer and basal lip. Outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture and color mark- ings within; inner lip slightly curved, reflected over the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. Three specimens of this species (Cat. No. 221612, U.S.N.M.) were recgived from Mr. Haycock, collected at Bermuda. All are lacking the nucleus. The largest of these has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.3 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. The smallest, which also has six post-nuclear whorls, measures: Length 2 mm., diameter 1 mm. CERITHIOPSIS PESA, new species. Plate 35, fig. 10. Shell small, elongate-conic, banded as follows: Brown, excepting the median row of tubercles and the depressed spaces on either side of them, which are white. The dark tubercles on all the whorls are a little lighter than the main portion of that part of the shell. Nuclear whorls two and one-half, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, marked from the very beginning by three spiral cords, of which the first, which is at the summit, is a little weaker than the other two. The third is immediately above the periphery, while the second is a little nearer to the first than to the third. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked with almost verti- eal axial ribs, which are almost as strong as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first to fourth, 18 upon the fifth, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The junction of the axial ribs and spiral cords form strong tubercles, of which those at the summit are the smallest and well rounded; those on the median cord and basal cord are truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords are well impressed squarish pits on the last whorls, while on the early whorls they are rectangular pits having their long axes parallel to the spiral sculpture. Sutures strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong spiral keel, which is separated from the first suprasutural keel by a groove almost as wide as that which separates the suprasu- tural keel from its neighbor. The axial ribs extend partly upon the peripheral keel and render it feebly tuberculous. Base somewhat 284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. irregular. A raised spiral cord of moderate strength marks the inser- tion of the columella; the space between this and the peripheral cord is a deep sulcus, which, like the rest of the base is crossed by fine incremental lines. The anterior half of the base, which is fairly rounded, is marked by six irregular wavy, fine, raised, spiral threads. Aperture irregularly rhomboid, very strongly channeled anteriorly, and feebly so at the posterior angle; outer lip moderately thick, showing the external sculpture and color markings within; inner lip reflected over the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The type has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.5 mm., diameter 1 mm. It and two specimens form Cat. No. 221616, U.S.N.M. ; CERITHIOPSIS VICOLA, new species. Plate 35, fig. 12. Shell elongate-conic, white, with two bands of golden brown on each whorl. The first of these bands extends over the posterior row of tubercles, while the second covers the peripheral cord. Nuclear whorls two and one-half, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, marked from the very beginning with three strong spiral cords, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. The first of these cords, which is at the summit, is a trifle weaker than the rest; the third is at some little distance above the suture, while the second is half way between the two. In addi- tion to these cords, the whorls are marked by well developed vertical axial ribs, which are about as strong as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 18 occur upon the first and second, 20 upon the third, 22 upon the remaining whorls. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form well developed tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are well impressed, squarish pits. The tubercles are well rounded on the first and second cords, while those on the third are truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. Sutures strongly impressed, showing a portion of the peripheral cord on the last three whorls. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong spiral cord, which is separated from the suprasutural cord by a space almost double the width of that which separates the suprasutural from the median cord. The axial ribs extend to the posterior edge of the suprasutural cord, but do not cross it. Base moderately long, some- what concave, marked by a low tumid area at the insertion of the columella, which somewhat suggests a very broad, low, weakly rounded cord. The entire surface of the base is marked with exceed- ingly fine spiral striations and incremental lines. Aperture very large, irregular, oval, decidedly effuse at the junction of the outer and basal lip, very strongly channeled anteriorly and slightly so at the posterior no. 1820. NHW SHHLLS FROM BERMUDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 85.” angle. Outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; inner lip strongly curved, reflected over the base; parietal wall glazed with a moderately thick callus which renders the peritreme complete. The unique type comes from Bermuda, and has seven post-nuclear _ whorls measuring: Length 2.9 mm., diameter 1 mm. It is in the collection of the Bermuda Museum. CERITHIOPSIS IO, new species. Plate 35, fig. 3. Shell elongate-ovate, white, with three bands of very dark brown. The first of these bands extends over the posterior row of tubercles on each whorl, the second covers the cord at the periphery, while the third extends over the anterior half of the base. Nuclear whorls decollated in the two specimens before us. Post-nuclear whorls marked with three spiral cords, of which the first is at the summit, the third at the suture, while the second is a little nearer to the first than to the third. In addition to these spiral cords, the whorls are marked with somewhat retractive axial ribs, which are about as strong as the spiral cords, the intersections of the two forming well developed tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are strongly im- pressed, rounded pits. The tubercles of the cord at the summit are well rounded; those of the median cord slope abruptly anteriorly and more gently posteriorly, while those of the third cord are trun- cated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. Sutures strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a spiral cord, which is less strong than those on the spire. Base moderately long, well rounded, the posterior half marked by the continuations of the axial ribs, which terminate somewhat abruptly at the insertion of the columella. These ribs render the peripheral spiral cord tuberculated, the tubercles being slightly truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly, where they disappear at the insertion of the columella. The insertion of the columella is marked by a moderately strongly impressed, spiral line. Anterior half of base marked by ten some- what irregular, raised, spiral threads, which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them, the entire space being marked with exceedingly fine, raised, axial threads. Aperture irregularly rhom- boid, decidedly channeled anteriorly, weakly channeled at the pos- terior angle; outer lip thick, showing the external sculpture and color markings within; inner lip reflected over the base; parietal wall covered with a thick callus which joins the columella and the posterior angle of the aperture and renders the peritreme complete. Two specimens of this species were sent by Mr. Haycock, which may be considered cotypes. One of these is in the Bermuda Museum, the other is Cat. No. 221615, U.S.N.M. One of these has six post- nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.3 mm., diameter 1.1 mm. 986 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. FISSURIDEA BERMUDENSIS, new species. Plate 35, fig. 8. Shell small, white, elevated, reticulately sculptured; apex a little - in advance of the middle of the shell, rather pointed; the anal aper- ture long-oval, the margins excavated in the middle, internally with a thickened margin, subtruncate behind; sculpture of radiating threads with wider deep interspaces, crossed between the apex and the base by about a dozen concentric lines, representing old margins, nodulating the radials and forming deep pits between the intersec- tions; interior of the shell white, the margin forming a regular oval, and often internally radially grooved in harmony with the external aes Length, 5; breadth, 3.5; height, 3 mm. . 5. National Museum ne No. 221618. This small species has been carefully compared with young speci- mens of the already known species with none of which could it, ap- parently, be prudently united. ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) NIOBA, new species. Shell broadly conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls small, obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, above which only about half of the last volution projects. This is marked with three strong spiral threads which are almost as wide as the spaces that separate them. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, marked with strong, slightly retractive ribs of las 16 occur upon the first, 18 upon the soe 20 upon the third, and 22 upon the penultimate au These ribs are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. In addition to the axial ribs, the whorls are marked with four spiral cords which are much wider than the spaces that separate them. The intersec- tions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well rounded, low tuber- cles. Sutures strongly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl and base well rounded, marked with four equal and equally spaced spiral cords. Aperture oval, posterior angle acute, outer lip thin, showmg the external sculpture within; inner lip oblique and reflected partly over the base; parietal wall od with a thin callus. The type an six specimens of this species were collected by ve A. Haycock, at Bermuda. They form Cat. No. 223284, U.'S.N.M. The type has five post-nuclear whonls and measures: Leneth 2.6 mm., diameter 1.3 mm. The specimens of this and the next species arrived after the plate for this paper had been prepared. Hence, no figure of it is included in this report. no. 1820. NEW SHELLS FROM BERMUDA—DALL AND BARTSCH. 287 ISCHNOCHITON (STENOPLAX) BERMUDENSIS, new species. Animal narrow, elongate, with an evenly rounded back, prominent mucro, narrow yellowish girdle articulated with reddish blotches, the girdle scales very minute, imbricate, oval, radiately strongly striated; the surface of the girdle has a dusty look to the naked eye and required high magnification to bring out the characters. Color dark crimson, minutely and feebly mottled with small whitish blotches, interior dark crimson, except the sutural plates which are whitish; eaves solid, smooth; median plates with one lateral slit; anterior valve with 11, posterior with 7-8 slits; jugum wide; lateral areas rounded, passing without interruption into the median areas; anterior and posterior valves and lateral areas sharply concentrically grooved; the median areas appear smooth, but under high magnification are seen to be longitudinally sculptured with very narrow sharp grooves articulated by little partitions; the lateral portions of the valves are minutely granulose. The mucro is somewhat posterior to the center of the tail valve and rather prominent. Length 11 mm., width 4 mm. . This species belongs to the group of J. lumaciformis from which it differs by its minute sculpture, granulation, more prominent mucro, and inconspicuous lateral areas; apparently also in color, though this is quite variable in the limaciformis. The type is Cat. No. 223354. LIST OF SPECIES IDENTIFIED FROM BERMUDA. Haminea succinea Conrad, very young. Pleurobranchus, sp. ind. Mitra haycocki Dall and Bartsch. Mitra chelonia Reeve. ? (fragment). Mitra hanleyt Dohrn. Mitromorpha biplicata Dall, young. Cantharus massena Risso. Colubraria swiftti Tryon. Columbella somersiana Dall and Bartsch. Achis bermudensis Dall and Bartsch. Turbonilla (Careliopsis) bermudensis Dall and Bartsch. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) peilet Dall and Bartsch. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) haycocki Dall and Bartsch. Odostomia (Chrysallida) nioba Dall and Bartsch, Cymatium chlorostoma Lamarck. Cerithiopsis movilla Dall and Bartsch. Cerithiopsis ara Dall and Bartsch. Cerithiopsis pesa Dall and Bartsch. Cerithiopsis vicola Dall and Bartsch. Cerithiopsis 10 Dall and Bartsch. Alabina cerithidioides Dall. Alaba incerta Orbigny. Alaba tervaricosa ©. B. Adams. Rissoa caribaea Orbigny. Solarium krebsi Mérch, young. Crepidula convexa Say, young. 288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Cyclostrema granulum Dall, var.? Vitrinella helicoides C. B. Adams. Fissuridea bermudensis Dall and Bartsch. Ischnochiton (Stenoplax) bermudensis Dall and Bartsch. Pododesmus rudis Broderip. Pecten ornatus Lamarck., very young. Melina lamarckiana Orbigny, very young. Crassinella parva C. B. Adams. Erycina linella Dall, young. Coralliophaga dactylus Bruguiére. Chione mazyckw Dall, young. Chione cancellata Linneeus. Macrocallista maculata Linneeus. Macoma mitchelli Dall. Ervilia subcancellata KE. A. Smith. Semele proficua Pulteney. Lyonsia beana Orbigny, young. Gastrochaena rostrata Spengler. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 35. The measurement given after each species represents the actual length of the specimen. 2 - Fia. 1. Cerithiopsis ara; 2.3 mm.; p. 282. . Columbella somersiana; 24 mm.; p. 278. 3. Cerithiopsis 10; 2.3 mm.; p. 285. 4. Turbonilla (Careliopsis) bermudensis; 2 mm. The fine spiral sculpture has been omitted in our figure; p. 279. 5. Aclis bermudensis; 2.1 mm.; p. 278. 6. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) haycocki; 7 mm.; p. 280. 6a. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) haycocki; detail of intercostal sculpture; p 280. 7. Mitra haycocki; 4.7 mam.; p. 277. 8. Fissuridea bermudensis,; 5.0 mm.; p. 286. 9. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) peilei; 6 mm.; p. 280. 9a. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) peilei; detail of intercostal sculpture; p. 280. 10. Cerithiopsis pesa; 2.5 mm.; p. 283. 11. Cerithiopsis movilla; 3.8 mm.; p. 281. 12. Cerithiopsis vicola; 2.9 mm.; p. 284. bo We Se NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 35 Chen PF ( Ne ee a és oF Pies ee ee a fy if CLE EPS SP # i %. 4 eA s iy 4 ee « Ytg ae ‘ uf SON VET é if SANG hee ri v\3 { ist sal fe fr? cee — == oo = — — = =: = = — —| —| = = = = —| — = — — — — — == — = = = —| = — = — = = — = = — 10 6a 11 9a 12 New SPECIES OF SHELLS FROM BERMUDA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 288. a tig 9 vf nig PS) Re iti ase i is ee ee - A « ‘a 5 ‘ ‘ ne ‘) A REVISION OF SEVERAL GENERA OF GYMNOSPERMOUS PLANTS FROM THE POTOMAC GROUP IN MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA. By Epwarp W. Berry, Of the Johns Hopkins University, Baitimore. The present paper is the third of a series of revisions of the more important genera of fossil plants from the Potomac group in Mary- land and Virginia. The’ first dealt with the genus Nageiopsis and formed No. 1738 of Volume 38! of the Proceedings. The second treated the genera Acrostichopteris, Taeniopteris, Nilsonia, and Sap- indopsis and constituted No. 1769 of the same Volume 38.? The present contribution is devoted to a consideration of the genera Sphenolepis, Arthrotaxopsis, Cephalotaxopsis, Widdringtonites, Brachy- phyllum, Sequoia, Abietites, and Pinus. These are all gymnosper- mous genera, some of which are of disputed botanical affinity. The majority offer exceptional difficulties to their correct interpretation by reason of the convergence in foliar characters of the Mesozoic Coniferales. This is more marked than in the existing species because of the greater number of species in the Mesozoic, a period which has more than once been termed the “ Era of Gymnosperms.”’ The genera Arthrotaxopsis and Cephalotaxopsis were originally described from the Potomac group. All of the other genera, how- ever, are well known and for the most part widespread Mesozoic types, two, Sequoia and Pinus, surviving to the present time. In the previous treatment of these types in the area under dis- cussion there existed the utmost confusion and it has been necessary to check each cited occurrence by referring back to the original material in the U. S. National Museum collections. This has resulted in a most intricate splitting and combining of the named forms or parts of the named forms as they occurred in the literature, some idea of the extent and labor of which can be imagined from the following synonymy. Forty-three species and three varieties which were formerly recog- nized are here replaced by 18 species. Instead of 9 species and 1 variety of Sequoia four are retained; 6 species and 1 variety of Sphenolepidium 1 Pp. 185-195. 2 Pp. 625-644. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1821. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40-—11——19 289 290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. are represented by 2 species of Sphenolepis; five species and one variety of Glyptostrobus disappear altogether as does also a species of Williamsonia and one of Araucarites. While the lack of certainty pertaining to the correct recognition of coniferous foliage as ordinarily preserved in the fossil state is fully recognized it is believed that the previous segregation of these Potomac forms was entirely unwarranted and that the present concep- tion instead of being ultra-conservative as might be deduced from the synonymy still leans in the direction of recognizing too many species However, it approximates at least the actual status of these genera in this area during the Lower Cretaceous. THE GENUS SPHENOLEPIS. The genus Sphenolepis was proposed by Schenk in 1871.‘ In 1881 Heer proposed the generic name Sphenolepidium as a substitute for Sphenolepis on the ground that the latter had been previously used in the animal kingdom. In his treatment of these plants in Zittel’s Handbuch Schenk adopts Heer’s generic name. which had meanwhile come into general use. As, however, all modern nomen- clatorial codes both botanical and zoological do not regard the use of a name in one kingdom as prohibiting its use in the other, Schenk’s original name must stand. ; Sphenolepis may be defined as-follows: Branches and twigs alter- nate. Phyllotaxy spiral. Leaves decurrent, more or less imbricated, acute, more or less appressed, especially on the older branches. Cones small, oblong or spherical, borne on short lateral branches. Cone- scales persistent, leathery, somewhat divergent at maturity, in habit suggesting Sequoia. The number and position of the-seeds is altogether uncertain. Although Solms-Laubach considers? that these forms can. not be precisely located in any of the existing subfamilies of conifers most authors refer them to the Taxodiew comparing them with the existing species of Sequoia and Arthrotaxis, especially the latter, with which as regards the cones, the leaf form and arrangement, and the general habit there is the closest similarity, amounting almost to an actual demonstration of relationship. The genus appears in beds of Rheetic age both in Europe and South America. In North America one species has been recorded from the Oregon Jurassic, and Saporta has described a species from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Species of this genus are widespread and characteristic of the Wealden and Lower Cretaceous and con- stitute a very abundant element in the flora of the Potomac group, where they are represented by remains of both foliage and cones. As has been frequently pointed out, the genus may be composite. 1 Schenk, Palaeontographica, vol. 19, 1871, p. 243. 2 Solms-Laubach, Fossil Botany, 1891, p. 71. No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 291 SPHENOLEPIS KURRIANA (Dunker) Schenk. ! Thuites (Cupressites?) kurrianus Dunxker, Monogr. Norddeutsch. Weald.—bild.. 1846, p. 20, pl. 7, fig. 8. ? Thuites germart DuNKER, Monogr. Norddeutsch. Weald.—bild., 1846, p. 19, pl. 9, fig. 10. Widdringtonites kurrianus ENpDLICHER, Synop., 1847, p. 272.—G6preERtT, Foss. Conif., 1850, p. 176. Brachyphyllum kurrianum Bronentart, Tableau, 1849, p. 107. Brachyphyllum germari Bronantart, Tableau, 1849, p. 107. Widdringtonites haidingert ErtINGSHAUSEN Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichs., vol. 1, 1851, p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 1. Araucarites dunkeri EvrvtINnGSHAUSEN (part) Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichs., vol. 1, p- 27, pl. 2, figs. 2-10. : Sphenolepis kurriana ScHENK, Palaeont., vol. 19, 1871, p. 243, pl. 37, figs. 5-8; pl. 38, fig. 1 (not fig. 2, which is an Onychiopsis)—Scuimrrr, Pal. Végét., Atlas, 1874, pl. 110, fig. 26——Hosrus and v. d. Marck, Palaeont., vol. 26, 1885, p. 216, pl. 44, fig. 209. Sphenolepidium kurrianum Weer, Contrib. Flora foss. Port., 1881, p. 19, pl. 12, ; fig. 1b; pl. 13, figs. 1b, 8b; pl. 18, figs. 1-8.—ScuHENxK in Zittel, Handbuch, 1884, p. 304, fig. 210—Fonratne, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv.,-vol. 15, 1890, p. 260, pl. 126, figs. 1, 5, 6; pl. 128, figs. 1, 7; pl. 129, figs. 1, 4, 6, 8; pl. 130, fig. 11; pl. 131, fig. 4; pl. 167, fig. 2—Saporra, Flora foss. Port., 1894, pp. 115, 139, pl. 22, figs. 3-5; pl. 27, fig. 15—Smwarp, Wealden Flora, Pt. 2, 1895, p. 200, pl. 17, figs. 7, 8; pl. 18, fig. 1—Fonrarne, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 2, 1899, p. 681, pl. 166, figs. 12, 13—KzErRNER, Jahrb. k. k. geol. Reichs., vol. 45, Heft 1, 1896, p. 51, pl.4, fig. 2—FonTaIneE, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 484, 489, 519, 538, 543. Sphenolepidium parceramosum Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8S. Geol. Surv,, vol. 15, 1890, p. 257, pl. 129, fig. 7; pl. 130, fig. 8; pl. 131, fig. 2—Fonvrarne, in Ward, — 19th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., Pt. 2, 1899, p. 682, pl. 163, fig. 110; pl. 167, figs. 1-3.—Fonrarne#, in Ward, Monoer. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 484, 538, 548. Arthrotaxopsis grandis FONTAINE, Monoer. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 240 (part). Sphenolepidium virginicum Fontatnr, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 259, pl. 125, fig. 4; pl. 166, fig. 6—FontTaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 481, 484, 517. Arthrotaxopsis expansa Fontaine, Monoer. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 241 (part), pl. 135, figs. 15, 18, 22. Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) expansum Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 252, pl. 123, fig. 1. Glyptostrobus expansus Warp, Fontaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 543. Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) denticulatum Fonvatnr, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 253, pl. 124, fig. 1. Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) fastigiatum FonvTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 253, pl. 125, figs. 1, 3. Glyptostrobus fastigiatus Warp, 15th Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 1895, p. 380. Glyptostrobus brookensis FONTAINE, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., Pt. 2, 1899, p. 682, pl. 165, fig. 4; pl. 168, fig. 4. The following are included in the synonymy of this species: by Seward (Wealden Flora): Muscites imbricatus Roemer, Verstein., 1839, p. 9, pl. 17, fig, 1c (this is doubtful and would change the specific name if recognized); Araucarites hamatus Trautschold, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Moscou, vol. 18, 1870, p. 225, pl. 21, fig. 3; and Thuites choffati Heer, Contrib. Flora foss. Port., 1881, p. 11, pl. 10, fig. 8. 292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, Description —Twigs alternate, branching copiously and more or less crowded, with a tendency toward a fastigiate arrangement in numerous specimens. Leaves thick, keeled dorsally, ovate in out- line, often broadly so, acuminate, often slightly recurved, rather crowded and more or less appressed, but larger and much more divergent than those of the genera Arthrotaxopsis or the Lower Cre- taceous species of Widdringtonites. Phyllotaxy spiral. Cones small, globose or oblate spheroidal, scales few in number, short and thick, truncate distally, becoming more or less divergent with age. This species is very common at a large number of Lower Cretaceous horizons in both Europe and America, and it has also been recorded from the Cenomanian in Portugal, Saxony, and Austria (Lesina). It is present in the Neocomian of Portugal and Westphalia and doubtfully in beds of this age in Russia. It is present in the Wealden of England and Germany, the latter being the type area. It is also recorded from the Urgonian of Portugal and is probably present. in the Kome beds of Greenland. In this country it is recorded from the Kootanie of Montana and the Fuson formation of the Black Hills. It is a very abundant form in the Potomac group, and occurs at numerous localities ranging in age from the oldest or Patuxent beds to the youngest or Patapsco beds, a range similar to but some- what less in time than that ascribed to it im Portugal, where Saporta recognizes it from the Neocomian to the Cenomanian. Some of the numerous specimens from the Kome beds of Greenland, which Heer described first as Widdringtonites gracilis' and afterwards as Cyparis- sidium gracile,? are probably identical with Sphenolepis kurriana (Dunker) Schenk, although the cones ascribed to the former differ from those of the latter. Heer notes the resemblance between the remains of foliage of Cyparissidium, Widdringtonites, Glyptostrobus, Arthrotaxis, and Sequoia. Araucarites hamatus Trautschold, which Seward? doubtfully includes in the synonymy, is here excluded. There is some sugges- tion of Sphenolepis in Trautschold’s figures, but not enough for cer- tainty. These figures are, however, almost identical with the conif- erous twigs from Glen Rose, Texas, which Fontaine describes as Sequoia pagiophylloides new species. The species may be a composite one; its wide geographical and geological range offers some basis for such a suspicion, but the mate- rials available for study do not furnish reliable data for its segregation. Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: New Reservoir, Ivy City, District of Columbia; Fredericksburg, Potomac Run, Trents Reach, Dutch Gap, Telegraph Station (Lorton), Cockpit Poimt, Kankeys, 1 Heer, Flora foss. Arct., vol. 1, 1868, p. 83, pl. 48, figs. le, 7, g, 3c. 2 Heer, Contrib. Flora foss. Port., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1874, p. 74, pl. 17, fig. 5b, c; pl. 19; pl. 20, fig. le; pl. 21, figs. 9b, 10d. 3 Wealden Flora. No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 293 Virginia. ARUNDEL FORMATION: Bay View, Arlington, Maryland. PaTAPsco FORMATION: Federal Hill (Baltimore), Vinegar Hill, Mary- land; near Brooke, 72 milepost, Mount Vernon, Hell Hole, Virginia. Collections —U. S. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. SPHENOLEPIS STERNBERGIANA (Dunker) Schenk. Muscites sternbergianus DUNKER, Monogr. Norddeutsch Weald.-bild., 1846, p. 20, pl. 7, fig. 10. Juniperites sternbergianus BRoNaNtART, Tableau, 1849, p. 108. Araucarites dunkert ErtinGSHAUSEN (part), Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichs. vol. 1, Leal pa2/; ple 2, Hes. 2, 3), 7,1 9: Araucarites curvifolius ErtINGSHAUSEN, Abhandl. k. k. geol. Reichs., vol. 1, 1851, Dy 28 pla2 fies: 11, 13, 14 07-2. Widdringtonites dunkeri ScuimreR, Pal. Végét., vol. 2, 1870, p. 329. Widdringtonites curvifolius ScuimpER, Pal. Végét., vol. 2, 1870, p. 329. Sphenolepis sternbergiana SCHENK, Paleont. vol. 19, 1871, p. 243, pl. 37, figs. 3, 4; pl. 38, figs. 3-13.—-Scuimper, Pal. Végét., vol. 3, 1874, p. 575, Atlas, pl. 110, fig. 27..—Hostus and v. d. Marck, Paleont., vol. 26, 1885, p. 215, pl. 44, figs. 206-208. Sphenolepidium sternbergianum Herr, Contrib. Flora foss. Port,, 1881, p. 19, pl. 13, figs. la, 2-8; pl. 14—Fonrarne, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 261, pl. 121, figs. 8, 10, 11; pl. 180, fig. 9—Saporta, Flora foss, Port., 1894, pp. 114, 139, 193, pl. 22, figs. 1, 2; pl. 27, fig. 14; pl. 33, fig. 13.— SewarpD, Wealden FI., pt. 2, 1895, p. 205, pl. 16, figs. 4-6.—Fonraing, in Ward, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 264, pl. 169, fig. 7— Kwnowtrton in Diller, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 19, 1908, p. 386.—Warp, 15th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1895, p. 359, pl. 3, fig. 1. Sphenolepidium sternbergianum densifolium FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 261, pl. 118, fig. 7; pl. 121, figs. 5, 7, 9; pl. 125, fig. 2; pl. 129, fig. 3; pl. 130, fig. 1; pl. 131, figs. 1, 3; pl. 132, fig. 4 Fontaine, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 268, pl. 36, fig. 10.—FonrarneE in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 480, 481, 484, 486, 491, 507, 511, 515, 524, 528, 544, 545, 555, 573, pl. 109, figs. 8, 9; pl. 112, figs. 1, 10 (not fig. 11); pl. 115, fig. 1. Sequoia gracilis HEER, Flora foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1873, p. 80, pl. 18, fig. le; pl. 22, figs. 1-10.—Fonraine, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890 (not 1899), p. 247, pl. 126; figs. 3, 4—Knowuton, Smiths. Misc. Coll., vol. 4, pt. 1, 1907, p. 126.—? Hoxiick, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 50, 1907, p. 43, pl. 3, fig. 14. Description.—Branches somewhat more remote than in Sphenolepis kurriana, with relatively shorter twigs. Leaves ovate, decurrent, keeled, with a broad base and acuminate apex, often divergent and faleate; in other specimens appressed. In general the leaves are much more crowded and divergent than in the preceding species. Cones not collected in connection with the American material except in the case of some poorly preserved specimens from Mount Vernon figured by Ward! which may be immature, although they suggest the pre- ceding species rather than this one. Cones are described by Schenk from the German Wealden and are also figured by Seward from the English Wealden. The cones are small, oblate spheroidal in shape, 1 Ward, 15th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1895, p. 359, pl. 3, fig. 1. 294. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. with few stout truncated scales, which become more or less divergent with maturity. Ward‘ reports specimens of the foliage of this spe- cles with attached staminate catkins similar to those described by Fontaine as “Male aments”’ from various Virginia localities, where they were not attached to recognizable twigs. This species was described by Dunker in 1846 as a species of Mus- cites, Brongniart in 1849 substituting Juniperites as a more appro- priate generic name, one subsequently changed to Araucarites by Ettingshausen. Schimper referred this species to Widdringtonites, but since 1871 it has been rather consistently referred to as Sphenolepsis or Sphenolepidium sternbergianum, although the difficulty of dealing satisfactorily with various detached coniferous twigs of similar habit is no small one, not only from their similar appearance in various unallied species, but also because of their resistance of decay and retention of their leaves when reduced to fragments, so that they are often the most abundant remains in coarse sediments. Sphenolepis sternbergiana has an equally wide range, both geo- graphic and geologic, as has the preceding species. It is common in the Wealden of England and Germany, and is recorded by Saporta from the Neocomian, Urgonian, and Albian of Portugal, a range simi- lar to that which it shows in the Maryland-Virginia area. It is prob- ably represented in the Kome beds of Greenland by Sequoia gracilis Heer, while the latter author's Glyptostrobus groenlandicus? and Sequoia fastigiata from these beds also suggest this species. It is recorded from the Glen Rose (Trinity) beds of Texas and from the Shasta (Horsetown beds) of the Pacific coast. The form from the Upper Cretaceous of Marthas Vineyard which Hollick has identified as Sequoia gracilis Heer is also similar enough to be suggestive. The present species is very abundant in the Potomac Group ranging from the bottom to the top. The specimens of Sphenolepis sternbergiana from the Wealden of Eeclesbourne, in possession of the writer, are much stouter than the American conifer usually identified as this species, and resemble rather closely what in America goes by the name of Sequoia ambigua Heer, a resemblance already commented on by Seward. Since, how- ever, the preservation is poor, too much importance can not be attached to a resemblance which may be purely superficial, although in the opinion of the writer it seems probable that some at least of the Wealden twigs identified as Sphenolepis sternbergiana may really be those of Sequoia ambigua, which in this country we have no difficulty in distinguishing from Sphenolepis. Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, Telegraph Station (Lorton), Potomac Run, Alum Rock, Cockpit Point, Wood- 115th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1895, p. 359. “Teer, Flora Foss, Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 76, pl. 17, Be 9; pl. 20, figs. 9, 10. 3 Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 206. NO. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 295 bridge, Virginia. ARUNDEL FORMATION: Langdon, District of Colum- bia; Hanover, Tip Top, Soper Hall, Maryland. Parapsco rorMa- TION: Grays Hill, Fort Foote, Stump Neck, Maryland; Mount Ver- non, White House Bluff, Hell Hole, Chinkapin Hollow, 72-mile post, Dumfries Landing, near Widewater, Aquia Creek, Virginia. Collections.—U. 8. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. THE GENUS ARTHROTAXOPSIS OF FONTAINE. The genus Arthrotaxopsis was named from its resemblance to the modern genus Arthrotaxis Don, of the subfamily Taxodiex, which has three species confined to Tasmania. Arthrotaxopsis is characterized in the following terms by its describer: ! Trees or shrubs, copiously branching, with principal stems or branches proportion- ally strong, cylindrical, rigid, sending off thickly placed, long, slender, cord-like, ultimate twigs, all in the same plane and spreading widely; the ultimate twigs leave the penultimate ones under a very acute angle and show a tendency to a fastigiate grouping; cones mostly broadly oblong, rarely globular, obtuse and rounded at base and apex, average dimensions 10 mm. by 14 mm., attached singly on the summit of short lateral branches and placed on the lower portions of the leafy stems and branches, the twig with its cone representing the branching leafy twigs which occur higher up; scales of the cones woody, thick, wedge-shaped in the basal portions, expanded at the {ree ends, and probably shield-shaped, numerous, spirally placed, attached at a large angle, the middle ones being nearly or quite at a right angle with the axis, close ap- pressed, opening with age; seed under each scale one, elliptical in shape, smooth and bony in texture, average dimensions 1 mm. by 2.5 mm.; leafy branches ending abruptly in an ultimate twig similar to those sent off pinnately and alternately lower down; leaves very thin and scale-like, elliptical, rhombic, or oblong, with varying age chang- ing their shape, the rhombic forms representing the oldest and most crowded leaves, slightly keeled on the back, spirally arranged. The only qualification that it is necessary to make in the foregoing description is that referring to a single, smooth, bony seed under each cone-scale. The present writer has been entirely unable to verify this feature in any of the material. The cones are of small size and comparable to the cones usually referred to Sequoia—i. e., with wedge-shaped, peltate scales. The material is all poorly preserved and the leafy twigs have evidently suffered greatly from decay before fossilization. The genus may be distinguished from Arthrotaxites Unger,? Ech- inostrobus Schimper,’ and Cyparissidium Heer,‘ all of which have very similar leafy twigs, by the characters of the cone, which are quite different. The first two are Jurassic, while the last extends from the Rheetic to the Upper Cretaceous. As a rule the twigs of Arthro- taxopsis are more elongated and slender than those of these other genera, indicating in all probability a pendulous habit. 1 Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol: Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 239. 2 Unger, Bot. Zeit., 1849, No. 19. 3Schimper, Pal. Végét, vol. 2, 1870, p. 330. 4Heer, Flora Foss, Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1874, p. 74. 296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. As originally described Arthrotaxopsis contained four species. Two of these prove to be identical with the species described below, while the third was composite and included specimens of both Sphenolepis kurriana (Dunker) Schenk and Sequova ambiqua Heer. ARTHROTAXOPSIS GRANDIS Fontaine. Arthrotaxopsis grandis FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 240 (part), pl. 114, figs. 1-8; pl. 116, figs. 1-4; pl. 135, fig. 10 —Fonraine, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 546. Arthrotaxopsis tenuicaulis FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 241, pl. 114, figs: 4,5; pl. 115, fig. 4; pl. 116, fig. 6; pl. 117, fig. 2—FonrTarne, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 516, 520, 538, 546, 571; 19th Ann. Rept. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., pt. 2, 1899, p. 674, pl. 164. Arthrotaxopsis pachyphylla FoNTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 242, pl. 115, figs. 1, 3; pl. 117, figs. 1, 3-5. Descrvption.—Leaty twigs elongate and slender, especially the dis- tal ones, which are extremely attenuated and unbranched or some- times dichotomously branched. Main branches alternate, much branched, apparently in a single plane. Distal twigs crowded, some- what fastigiate. Leaves usually thin, closely appressed, elliptical to rhombic in shape, slightly keeled, acute. Phyllotaxy spiral. Cones, small, ovoid, 5 mm. to 10 mm. in diameter and 1 cm. to 1.5 cm. in length, made up of a small number of relatively thick, wedge-shaped, peltate scales, becoming somewhat spreading with age. This species may be distinguished from Sphenolepis kurrvana (Dunker) Schenk, with which it was confused by Professor Fontaine by the method of branching and by its longer and more slender twigs as well as by the usually more spreading leaves of Sphenolepis. The material which constituted the species tenuicaulis and pachyphylla of Fontaine is not separable from that of the type. It comes from the same beds and differs merely in the condition of preservation and relative positions of the twigs upon the branch. Under Arthro- taxopsis grandis was also included originally certain material from near Brooke, Virginia, which is referable to Sphenolems. Both the foliage and the cones are common in the Patuxent and Arundel formations, and, so far as known, they do not extend above the top of the latter. Very ambiguous material from the Hay Creek beds of the Fuson formation in Wyoming are referred to this species by Fontaine. Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION. Dutch Gap and Fredericks- burg, Virginia; Sixteenth street, District of Columbia; Springfield, Fort Worthington,? Maryland. ArunpeL rormatTion Tip Top (2 sp. ?), Arlington (1 sp.), Bay View (cones and foliage common), Mary- land, Langdon, District of Columbia. Collections.—U. 5. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. NO. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 297 ARTHROTAXOPSIS EXPANSA Fontaine. Arthrotaxopsis ecpansa FontaInE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 241, pl. Us, figs..6,6> pl. 115, fig 25) pl. ii7, fie. 6 (mot.pl. 135, fies. 15, 18, 22, which are referred to Sphenolepis kurriana (Dunker) Schenk).—FonratnE, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 504, 520, 546, 571 (not pp. 533, 535, 538, 555, 573, pl. 109, figs. 12, 13, which are referred to Sequoia ambiqua Heer, and p. 547, which is referred to Widdringtonites ramosus (Fon- taine) Berry. Taxodium (Gly ptostrobus) ecpansum FontTaIneE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 252, pl. 123, fig. 1. Glyptostrobus expansus Warp, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 543. Sphenolepidium sternbergianum densifolium FontTatINne, in Ward, Monoer. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 524 (part), pl. 112, fig. 11 (not figs. 1, 10). Glyptostrobus brookensis FonTAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 483, 486, 520 (not the other citations). Description.— Branches and twigs elongated and extremely slender, widely spreading and sparingly branched, showing a tendency as preserved to be in a single plane, although it can not be determined to what extent this reflects the original habit of the plant. Leaves spirally arranged, thick, keeled, acute, showing a tendency to become obtuse and less appressed, especially on the older twigs. As here delimited this species is confined to the older Potomac, although it is very similar to those forms from the Patapsco forma- tion, which are described as Widdringtonites ramosus (Fontaine) Berry, the latter being more copiously branched, less spreading, and with more acute leaves which frequently become more or less elongated. These differences may or may not be of specific value. As preserved, the two plants differ decidedly in aspect, but this is due largely to the spreading habit of the present species and is approached in some of the coniferous twigs from Mount Vernon which are referred to Widdringtonites. The relation to Arthrotaxis implied by the name is not certain and the present species is retained in the genus to which it was referred by Professor Fontaine more from a desire to avoid changes which do not appear to be justified by the meager evidence at hand than from any conviction of relationship. For the same reason it was not trans- ferred to Widdringtonites, although it seemed desirable in the case of Widdringtonites ramosus to make such a change and bring the latter in association with the Upper Cretaceous species of that genus, with which there is such a close agreement. Following Seward’s suggestion,'! the cones which Professor Fon- taine referred to this species are considered to belong to Sphenolepis kurriana (Dunker) Schenk, as are also some of the leafy twigs which Fontaine identified as Arthrotaxopsis, and a number of the recorded 1 Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 201. 298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. occurrences of the latter have also been found to belong to Sequoia ambigua Heer. The present is another of the several species which may be com- pared with the foliage from the Lower Cretaceous of Greenland which Professor Heer referred to Cyparissidvum. Occurrence.—P ATUXENT FORMATION: Roadside near Potomac Run, Telegraph station (Lorton), Trents Reach, Dutch Gap, Cockpit Point, Virginia; Springfield (2), Maryland. ARUNDEL FORMATION: Lang- don, District of Columbia, Bay View, Tip Top (?), Maryland. Collections. —U. S. National Museum. THE GENUS CEPHALOTAXOPSIS OF FONTAINE.! The utility of a new generic designation for the Potomac forms included in this genus is not altogether obvious with Cephalotaxites and Taxites already in use, but as it is in the literature and differen- tiates an abundant type, which is at least specifically distinct from the species usually referred to the two genera just mentioned, it is retained in the present publication. It may be characterized as follows: Deseription.—Much branched, limbs stout, apparently in a single plane, although it is impossible to determine to what extent this. is due to pressure during fossilization. Leaves flat, linear-lanceolate, coriaceous and persistent, rather variable in size, mucronate tipped; base slightly decurrent and twisted; midrib broad and flat, bordered on either side below by a stomatal groove. The leaves are distichous in habit, but the phyllotaxy was undoubtedly spiral, as it is In so many other gymnosperms with the distichous habit, and is attested by the twisted leaf bases. No fruits have been found upon any of the abundant foliage specimens, although certain associated species of Carpolithus? are mentioned by Professor Fontaine as the probable fruits of this genus, which are assumed to have been drupe-like with a bony seed after the manner of the existing species of Podocarpus and Cephalotazus. This may well have been the case. The fact that no fruiting specimens occur in the abundant sterile material lends some support to this interpretation, since such fruits would stand far less chance of successful transportation by water and subsequent fossiliza- tion than would the woody buoyant cones of the majority of the conifers. With the genus Tumion probably present in the Virginia Potomac and with Nageiopsis representing the subfamily Podocarpex, the family Taxacez is abundantly represented in the Lower Cretaceous, and when the individual abundance is considered rather than the specific differentiation, it must be admitted that this family furnishes an important element in the Potomac flora. 1 Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 235. 2 C. fasciculatus, C. mucronatus, C. sessilis, C. ternatus. No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 299 Heer ' has described a leafy twig from the Patoot beds of Green- land (Senonian) bearing a large solitary drupe-like fruit which he calls Cephalotaxites insignis, an identification which Solms-Laubach 2 seems to consider probable. Bertrand* has described structural material of fruits allied to Cephalotarus under the name of Vesquia tournaisii from the Aachenian of Belgium, and the present writer has described * similar fruits which are common in the Upper Cretaceous of the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain. The existing genus Cephalotaxus Siebold and Zuccarini, contains four species confined to the Chinese-Japaneseregion. Itwasevidently much more widespread in former geologic times, and to it should possibly be referred some of the leafy twigs included in the genus Taxites Brong- niart. Fruit of three species of Cephalotarus, apparently identified correctly, are described by Kinkelin ° from the Phocene deposits of Germany. CEPHALOTAXOPSIS MAGNIFOLIA Fontaine. Cephalotaxopsis magnifolia FonTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 236, pl. 104, figs. 4, 5; pl. 105, figs. 1, 2, 4; pl. 106, figs. 1, 3; pl. 107, figs. 1, 2, 4; pl. 108, figs. 1, 3, 4.—Fonrarne, in Diller and Stanton, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 5, 1894, p. 450.—FonTaAINE, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., Pt. 2, 1899, p. 686, pl. 162, fig. 1b; pl. 169, figs. 3, 4. Cephalotaxopsis ramosa FONTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 237, pl. 104, figs. 2, 3; pl. 106, figs. 2, 4; pl. 107, fig. 3; pl. 108, fig. 2.—Fon- TAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 258(?), pl. 68, figs. 5-7(?) (not p. 311, pl. 73, fig. 8, which is referred to Oleandra, or p. 547, which is referred to Nageiopsis angustifolia). (?)Cephalotaxopsis ? rhytidodes Warp, Fontaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 258, pl. 68, fig. 8. (?)Cephalotaxopsis, species FONTAINE, in Diller and Stanton, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 5, 1894, p. 450. Description.—Branches very stout, more or less branched, in some instances apparently in whorls through the suppression of the ter- minal bud and the development of lateral shoots. Leaves distichous in habit, but probably with a spiral phyllotaxis, strikingly similar to those of the modern species of Cephalotarus, linear-lanceolate in out- line, rather abruptly rounded at the base and tapering gradually upward. Apex with a mucronate point. Length 2 cm. to 6 em., averaging 4 cm. or 5 cm. and becoming regularly smaller distally and also smaller at the base of the new shoots. Width 3 mm. to 4 mm. Texture coriaceous. The midrib is broad and flat, occupying about one-seventeenth of the diameter of the leaf. The epidermal cells are arranged in rows; they are small in size and thick-walled, quad- rangular or slightly hexagonal in outline, ranging from proportions but 1 Heer, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 7, 1883, p. 10, pl. 53, fig. 12. 2 Solms-Laubach, Fossil Botany, 1891, p. 61. 3 Bertrand Bull. soc. bot. France, vol. 30, 1883, p. 293. 4Berry, Bull. Torrey Club, vol. 37, 1910, p. 187. 6 Engelhardt and Kinkelin, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesell. vol. 39, Heft 3, 1908, p. 194, pl. 23, figs. 9, 13. 300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. slightly longer than wide to those in which the length is about three times the width. On the lower surface of the leaf on either side of the midrib, commencing one-fifth of the distance to the margin and occu- pying a width of one-fourth the distance to the margin, are the stom- atal grooves. They are deeply sunken and appear to have been floored with thin-walled cells not well preserved. There is some evi- dence of the occurrence of a woolly scurf in these grooves, but the preservation is such that this can not be positively asserted. The stomata were comparatively large and irregularly scattered in the floor of the groove. They are without definite arrangement or orientation. The guard cells are two in number, long, much curved,.and slender. This species is exceedingly common in the Patuxent formation of Virginia, to which it appears to be confined in the Atlantic coastal plain province. Although it has not yet been reported from the Kootanie formation of the Montana area, it is present in both the Lakota and Fuson formations of the Black Hills Rim and in the Shasta beds of California. At no localities, however, is it as abundant as in the lowest Potomac of Virginia. It 1s strikingly like the modern Cephalotarus in appearance and may also be compared with various fossil species of Tazites. Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, near Dutch Gap, and near Potomac Run, Virginia. Collections.—U. S. National Museum. CEPHALOTAXOPSIS BREVIFOLIA Fontaine. Cephalotaxopsis brevifolia FonTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, p. 288, pl. 105, fie: 3; pl. 106, fig.5° pl. 107, fig. 3: Cephalotaxopsis microphylla Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 238, pl. 108, fig. 5; pl. 109, fig. 9. Description.—Ultimate branches alternate and rather slender. Leaves distichous in habit, narrowly lanceolate, 7 mm. to 21 mm. in length, averaging 10 mm. to 12mm. Width 1 mm. to 3 mm., aver- aging about 2 mm. Apex and base almost equally acute, the base slightly less so. Texture coriaceous. Fontaine says of this species: ‘““Midnerve slender.’’ It is, on the contrary, extremely broad, but flat and not prominent. In the specimen which is Fontaine’s, plate 106, figure 5, the midrib occupies one-fifth of the maximum width of the leaf. This specimen exposes the upper surfaces of the leaves, in consequence of which the midrib and stomatal bands are obscured. This species, which may simply represent certain terminal or abor- tive shoots of the preceding, is not at all common and is confined to the Patuxent formation of Virginia. It may be profitably compared with some of the Mesozoic species of Tazites. Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, near Dutch Gap, and near Potomac Run, Virginia. Collections.—U. S. National Museum. No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. S(O THE GENUS WIDDRINGTONITES. The genus Widdringtonites was established by Endlicher in 1847! with Thuites gramineus Sternberg’ from the Tertiary of Perutz, Bohemia as the type. This he named Widdringtonites wngeri, includ- ing in its synonymy Juniperites baccifera Unger, Thuia graminea Brongniart, and Musecites stolzv Sternberg. Three additional species were listed, one from the Cretaceous, one from the Wealden, and one from the Lias. His characterization of the genus was as follows: “Wolia spiraliter inserta, pleraque squameformia adpressa. Stro- bilus globosus, valvatus.”’ There are perhaps a score of species ranging in age from the Tri- assic to the Miocene referred to this genus at the present time. It has been commonly used for foliar specimens which resembled the living forms, but which lacked the certainty furnished by associated cones.- These are known, however, in a large number of species, many of which, especially those of Tertiary age, being now referred to the still existing genus Widdringtonia. Although fruiting specimens of Widdringtonites ramosus are unknown, its immediate successor Widdringtonites reichit (Ettings- hausen) Heer of the Raritan and Magothy formations has, in the European material, furnished abundant four-valved cones which induce Velenovsky and Krasser to advocate its reference to Wid- dringtoma. Widdringtonites subtilis Heer, which is common in the later Cretaceous of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, has also furnished somewhat poorly preserved cones of this generic type in material col- lected by the writer in South Carolina and well preserved attached cones in material from the Tuscaloosa formation in Alabama. There can be but little doubt of the actual genetic relationship between a number of these Mesozoic conifers and the existing species of Callitris, Widdringtonia, and Frenela, which Eichler lumps into the single genus Callitris Vent. At the present time they constitute a restricted group confined to the Australian region on the one hand (Frenela) and to northern Africa (Zucallitris) and southern Africa and Madagascar (Widdringtonia) on the other. In former geo- logical periods they were much more abundant. [renelopsis is recorded in America from Greenland to Texas and Widdringtonites from Greenland to South Carolina. Abroad both types occur abun- dantly in central and western Europe. Like so many other types of plants which were widespread in Mesozoic times they became during the Tertiary more and more restricted in their range until today they are not found at all in the Western Hemisphere. 1 Endlicher, Synop. Conif.. 1847, p. 271. 2 Sternberg, Flora Vorwelt, Tentamen, 1825, p. 38, pl. 35, fig. 4. 302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Referring only to Cretaceous species of Widdringtonites we find four in the Neocomian, one in the Urgonian, one in the Albian, three in the Cenomanian, and one in the Senonian. WIDDRINGTONITES RAMOSUS (Fontaine). Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) ramosum FontTAIne, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 251, pl. 123, figs. 2, 3; pl. 124, fig. 2; pl. 127, fig. 1; pl. 166, fig. 1. Glyptostrobus ramosum Warp, Fontaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 281 (?), 489, 544. Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) brookense FontTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 254, pl. 122, fig. 1; pl. 124, figs. 3-9; pl. 131, fig. 5; pl. 165, figs. 1-3; pl. 166, figs. 4, 7; pl. 167, fig. 3. Glyptostrobus brookensis WARD, 15th Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 1895, p. 359.— FontTarne in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 481, 483, 486, 489, 495, pl. 110, fig. 1 (not pp. 483, 486, 520, which are referred to Arthrotaxopsis expansa Fontaine). Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) brookense angustifolium Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 256, pl. 167, fig. 1. Glyptostrobus brookensis angustifolium KnNowuron, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 152, 1898, p. 112.—FontTarnE in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 489, pl. 108, fig. 4. _Arthrotaxopsis expansa FonTAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 547 (not balance of the original citation). Description.—Fontaine’s original description in 1890 was as follows: The principal stems seen are moderately stout and very rigid, the secondary ones mostly slender and rigid, the ultimate ones usually very long, slender, and unbranched, wide-spreading, often very delicate and thread-like, going off at an angle of abqut 45°, but from distortion due to pressure frequently appearing fastigiate and irregularly grouped; leaves on the oldest stems elongate-linear, acute, close appressed, on the younger stems all very narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptical, acute to obtuse, very closely appressed, not distinctly visible without help of a lens in many cases, all spirally arranged; the facial leaves usually acute, the lateral ones usually more obtuse and sometimes slightly divergent at the tips and incurved; midnerves slender and thread-like. Since nowhere in the Potomac group are cones or scales found which indicate the presence of Glyptostrobus, it seems desirable to refer these species and variety of Professor Fontaine’s to the genus Widdringtonites because of their extremely close resemblance to Wid- dringtonites reich. (Ettingshausen) Heer which is so widespread and characteristic a form in the Cenomanian of both the Old and New World. In fact it may be eventually desirable to reduce this Patapsco species to the synonomy of the latter, to which it is at least very closely allied. The variety angustifoliwum Fontaine is not distin- guishable from the type and is based on specimens slightly more slender than the average, but readily matched in the material which that author refers to the type-species. Glyptostrobus ramosum (Fon- taine) Ward is clearly identical with the other forms which are included by Fontaine in this species and comes from the same out- crops with the exception of certain material from the Kootanie at No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 303 Great Falls, Montana, which Professor Fontaine has identified as Glyptostrobus ramosum, but which is in all probability Glyptostrobus groenlandicus Heer and not identical with the Potomac species, although detached twigs of the two may and do show considerable similarity. The material from the Fuson formation of eastern Wyoming which Fontaine referred to his Glyptostrobus brookensis, a synonym of Wid- dringtonites ramosus, is clearly identical with Sphenolepis kurriana (Dunker) Schenk, which occurs in the same beds with it, and quite different from the species under discussion. Widdringtonites ramosus is a characteristic species of the Patapsco formation both in Maryland and Virginia and occurs in considerable abundance at numerous localities. It is undoubtedly the ancestor of Widdringtonites reich (Ettingshausen) Heer of the Raritan and Magothy formations. Occurrence.—PATAPSCO FORMATION: Vinegar Hill, Fort Foote Overlook Inn Road, Stump Neck, near Wellhams, Maryland; Mount Vernon, Hell Hole, White House Bluff, near Brooke, 72 milepost, Virginia. Collections.—U. 5S. National Museum. THE GENUS BRACHYPHYLLUM. The genus Brachyphyllum was proposed by Brongniart in 1828 ! for conifers with short, fleshy, spirally arranged leaves attached by their broad rhomboidal bases. The type-species, Brachyphyllum mamillare from the Lower Oolite, was described, but not figured, and was placed under the heading conifére doutense. In 1849 the same author * compared this genus with the existing genera Arthrotazis, Widdringtoma, and (rlyptostrobus. Schimper* in 1872 somewhat restricted the genus and also extended Brongniart’s diagnosis. Saporta * also gives a rather well-illustrated account of Brachyphyllum figuring Brongniart’s type and pointing out its doubtful botanical affinity. Seward® regards Brachyphyllum as a purely provisional genus, the actual botanical position of which is very uncertain, and further states that it is quite probable that more than one family of conifers are included under this name. Comparisons have been made at various times with the modern subfamilies Araucariex, Taxodiee, and Cupressez, especially with the Tasmanian genus Arthrotaxus of Don and the Araucarian species Araucaria imbricata. Brachyphyllum may be defined as a genus of arborescent conifers the twigs of which are thick and club-shaped, irregularly distichous 1 Brongniart, Prodrome, 1828, p. 109. 4Saporta, Pal. frane., 1883, vol. 3, p. 310. 2 Brongniart, Tableau, 1849, p. 69. 5 Seward, Cat. Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 214. 3 Schimper, Traité, vol. 2, 1872, p. 334. 304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. in their mode of branching. The leaves are squamate, very short, thick, appressed, and densely crowded. Phyllotaxis spiral. In life the leaves must have been more or less fleshy, mutual pressure caus- ing them to assume a pentagonal or hexagonal outline, with a dorsal, slightly projecting carina or boss becoming more or less obliterated with age. Leaf surface more or less striated, the stris converging to the obtuse apical point (at least this is true of our American Creta- ceous species). The leaf-scars on old branches are said to be rhom- boidal and continuous, remotely suggestive of Lepidodendron. A variety of cones have been referred to this genus usually upon the unreliable evidence of association in the same stratum. Even when cones are found in actual connection with the leafy twigs their preservation is such that positive evidence of botanical relationship is not available. Newberry describes! a large cylindrical cone with a length of 20 centimeters and a diameter of 4 centimeters and having spatulate scales, which he is quite positive is the cone of the Brachy- phyllum so common in the upper part of the Raritan clays of New Jersey. As against these cones described by Newberry most cones referred to Brachyphyllum have been small and somewhat spheriodal in shape. Thus Zeiller described branches of Brachyphyllum from the Lias of Madagascar which bore small ovoid cones with rhomboidal scales very suggestive of Sequoia and he seems to think it probable that some of the forms of Brachyphyllum are referable to the Taxodieze while others have an affinity with the Araucariee. Saporta? figures elliptical Walchia-like cones which he found associated with Brachy- phyllum jauberti, gracile, and moreauanum in the French Jurassic while Heer describes *? and figures spherical cones with polygonal scales attached to twigs of his Brachyphyllum insigne from the Lower Oolite of Siberia, and other records of a very similar nature might be mentioned. Fontaine has recorded three obscure varieties of small cones from the Patuxent beds along the James River in Virginia which he refers to Brachyphyllum.t| They are very indefinite and poorly preserved but may be correctly identified. Finally Hollick and Jeffrey have rendered it extremely probable® that the wide- spread coniferous scales of the mid-Cretaceous referred to Dammara are related to Brachyphyllum and these authors have proved, at least in the species formerly known as Dammara microlepis Heer from Staten Island, a relation to twigs of the Brachyphyllum type, which relationship would seem to effectually disprove the identity of the cones described by Newberry. 1Newberry, Flora Amboy Clays, 1896, p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 3, 4, 6. 2Saporta, Plantes Jurassiques, vol. 3, 1884, pp. 341, 349, 365, pl. 165, figs. 1,2; pl. 167, fig. 2; pl. 171; figs. 5-9. 3 Heer, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 4, pt. 2, 1876, p. 75, pl. 18, fig. 9. 4Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, pp. 223, 224, pl. 135, figs. 8, 9; pl. 168, fig. 2. 5 Hollick and Jeffrey, Amer. Nat., vol. 40, 1906, p. 200. NO. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 305 Leafy branches and twigs very similar in appearance to those of Brachyphyllum in which, however, the leaves are less thick and more free and pointed are often referred to the genus Echinostrobus which was founded by Schimper in 1872 for four or five Jurassic species of conifers, and it is to this Jurassic genus that Velenovsky refers two species from the Cenomanian of Bohemia,' although these latter are both practically identical with Brachyphyllum macrocarpum New- berry from the nearly homotaxial American horizons. The geological range of Brachyphyllum like its geographical range is very great. The earliest recorded occurrence is that of a very doubtful species described by Feistmantel? from the Permo-Car- boniferous of New South Wales (Newcastle beds). The genus reap- pears in the upper Triassic becoming prominent during the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous and dies out during the first half of the Upper Cretaceous. Recently discovered structural material has enabled Hollick and Jeffrey* to settle in a measure the botanical affinity of at least one species, Brachyphyllum macrocarpum. The leaves are shown to be attached by practically the whole ventral surface, only the margins being free and these sometimes overlap. They refer this species to the subfamily Araucariez on the evidence of the branched leaf trace, the mucilaginous contents of the resin canals, the Araucarioxylon type of flattened and alternating bordered pits, the lateral pits of the ray cells and the absence in the phloem of regularly alternating rows of hard bast fibers. Brachyphyllum is not a prominent type in the Potomac flora although it is by no means as rare as 1t was thought to be some years ago. Brachyphyllum parceramosum, the Patuxent species, has been met with rather infrequently, but Brachyphyllum crassicaule is not uncommon at a relatively large number of Patapsco outcrops. BRACHYPHYLLUM CRASSICAULE Fontaine. Brachyphyllum crassicaule Fontarne, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 221 pl. 100; fies 4 pl09, figs. I=7; pl. 110) figs. 1-3; pl. 11; figs’, 7; pl. 112, figs. 6-8; pl. 168, fig. 9—FonTaIng, in Ward, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 529, 557, pl. 113, fig. 6. Description.—In 1890 Fontaine described this species as follows: Trees with large branches, irregularly pinnate; on the penultimate twigs the ultimate branches lower and next to the main branch subdivide pinnately into branches; those higher are unbranched and simple; ultimate branches vary in num- bers and closeness, sometimes few and remote, and again crowded, contiguous, almost touching toward the summit of the penultimate branches the ultimate ones become much crowded and grow gradually shorter, are cylindrical, and taper grad- 1Velenoysky, Gym. béhm. Kreidef., 1885, p. 16, pl. 6, figs. 3, 6-8; Kvétena Geského cenomanu, 1889, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 11-19; pi. 2, figs. 1, 2. 2¥Feistmantel, Palaecont., Suppl. 3, 1878, p. 97, pl. 7, figs. 3-6; pl. 17. 3Hollick and Jeffrey, Amer, Nat., vol. 40, 1906, p 200. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol. 40—11——20 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. ually to an obtuse point; leaf-scars of young leaves elliptical in shape, slightly pro- longed in the direction of the axes of the stems, and such leaves seem to have been fleshy, slightly convex, and with a free tip slightly keeled in the upper half; with age the leaves become broader and more convex, being broadly elliptical, almost circular, and they leave similar scars after their fall; when crowded and dilated with age the leaves and leaf-scars are subrhombic or rhombic in shape; the surface of the leaves, which is very rarely preserved, shows fine tubercles or dots, arranged in curving lines parallel to their margins and converging toward their tips; cones small, globular, or subelliptical in shape, attached laterally to the penultimate twigs, taking the place of ultimate branches; scales numerous, spirally arranged, touching, shape not made out, but probably with age rhombic and polygonal. This species is fairly common in Virginia in beds of both Patuxent and Patapsco age, while in Maryland it occurs exclusively, as far as known, in deposits referred to the Patapsco formation. Brachyphyllum crassicaule is very similar to the European Brachy- phyllum obesum Heer! with which Seward? unites it tentatively. This latter species is found in the English Wealden and in the Urgonian and Aptian of Portugal. While these European and American forms are very similar, it should be remembered that this similarity runs through all the members of this genus, and these two species are so widely removed geographically it has seemed best to maintain their distinctness. Brachyphyllum obesiforme Saporta? from beds of Albian age in Portugal is also very similar to the forms under discussion. Finally the Patapsco species is very similar to the single Upper Cretaceous species of America, Brachyphyllum macro-. carpum Newberry, and is undoubtedly its ancestral form. Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Trents Reach and Dutch Gap, Virginia; Parapsco FORMATION: Near Brooke, near Widewater, Dumfries Landing, Virginia; Fort Foote, Federal Hill (Baltimore), near Glymont, Stump Neck, Maryland. Collections —U. S. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland Academy of Sciences, Goucher College of Baltimore. BRACHYPHYLLUM PARCERAMOSUM Fontaine. Brachyphyllum parceramosum FontTaInr, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 223, pl. 110, fig. 4.—Fonraine, in Ward, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 517, 538. Brachyphyllum texense Fontaine, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 269, pl. 38, figs. 3-5; pl. 39, figs. 1, la. Description.—Fontaine’s original description was as follows: Twigs branching sparingly and dichotomously; leaves and leaf-scars elliptical to subrhombic, with the longer dimensions in the direction of the length of the twigs; leaves convex, spirally arranged, showing a keel in their upper portions, closely appressed, contiguous, prolonged very slightly at the tips, branches cylindrical, of the same thickness throughout; so far as can be seen about 4 mm. in diameter. 1 Heer, Contr. Flora Foss. Port., 1881. p. 20, pl. 17, figs. 1-4. ‘Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 218, pl. 17, fig. 9; pl. 20, figs.t, 3 Saporta, Flora foss. Port., 1894, p. 176, pl. 31, figs. 12, 13; pl. 33, fig. 4; pl. 34, fig. 8. NO. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 307 This form, which is of rare occurrence, is possibly not specifically distinct from Brachyphyllum crassicaule Fontaine, which in turn is very closely allied to various European forms. It may be distin- guished, however, from the preceding species by its slender branches, ‘which rarely fork, and then in an apparently dichotomous manner (this is only apparent, however, and not real dichotomy), and by its more regular, pointed, slightly keeled leaves. The specimens from Glen Rose, Texas, described as new by Professor Fontaine, are not distinguishable from the Maryland and Virginia specimens of Brachyphyllum parceramosum. Brachyphyllum parceramosum is retained as a Aastiniet species because of the inconclusive nature of the material and because it occurs in beds of somewhat greater age than Brachyphyllum crassi- caule and because in habit it more nearly resembles the less branched Jurassic types rather than the more regularly and pinnately branched Cretaceous types, the latter type culminating in Brachyphyllum macrocarpum of the Upper Cretaceous. The great similarity among all of the species in this genus when studied as poorly preserved impressions tends to enforce caution on the student who would unite under one name forms which appear to be similar, but which are widely removed either geologically or geographically. The European representative of Brachyphyllum parceramosum is Brachyphyllum obesiforme elongatum Saporta, which occurs in the Albian of Portugal. Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Telegraph Station (Lorton), Virginia; New Reservoir, District of Columbia. ARUNDEL FORMA- TION: Arlington, Maryland. Collections —U.S. National Museum. THE GENUS SEQUOIA. The genus Sequoia was proposed by Endlicher in 1847,! being based upon the still existing species of the Pacific coast of North America. What appears to be the earliest authentic record of a fossil Sequoia is furnished by the cones collected in the Portlandian of France.? Ranging through the succeeding Lower Cretaceous deposits about a dozen species are known. The localities include Maryland, Vir- ginia, California, Montana, Wyoming, and Texas, and outside the United States British Columbia, Greenland, Mexico, Spitzbergen, Portugal, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, England, and Russia. Wood of the Sequoia type of structure is also known from the Lower Cretaceous of this country and Europe. In the Upper Cretaceous species of Sequoia become still more abundant and they apparently extend their range and specific differentiation throughout the greater portion of the succeeding Tertiary period, some of the forms, repre- 1 Endlicher, Synop. Conif., 1847, p. 197. * Fliche and Zeiller, Bull. soc. géol. France (4), vol. 4, 1904, p. 798, pl. 19, figs. 4, 5. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, sented by foliage, cones, and wood, being almost identical with the modern redwood Sequoia sempervirens (Lambert) Endlicher, while others appear to be ancestral to the modern big tree of California Sequoia washingtonana (Winslow) Sudworth. The climatic changes of the Pleistocene seem to have inaugurated the extinction of this type which had previously become restricted in America by the extensive development of the plains type of country, which was too arid for their continued existence. Both the sempervirens and the washingtoniana type are present in the Pliocene of Europe at a large number of localities, as well as three or four additional species repre- sented by twigs, cones, seeds, and wood. In the present flora the redwood is common in the Coast Range from Oregon southward to Monterey County, California, while the ‘‘bige tree” is confined to the west slopes of the Sierras from southern Placer County to Tulare County, California. SEQUOIA REICHENBACHI (Geinitz) Heer.! Araucarites reichenbachi GrInitz, Charak. Schichten u. Petref. sach-bohm Kreide, pt: 3, 1842, p. 98, pl. 24, fig. 4. Araucaria reichenbachi DeBEY, Ent. Geogn. Darst. Gegend von Aachen (Nachtrage, 1849. Sequoia reichenbachi HeER, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 1, 1868, p. 83, pl. 43, figs. 1d, 2b, 5a.—FontTaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 243, pl. 118, figs. 1, 4; pl. 119, figs. 1-5; pl. 120, figs. 7, 8; pl. 122, fig. 2; pl. 167, fig. 5.— Naruorst, in Felix and Lenk, Beitr. Geol. u. Pal. Mexico, 1893, p. 52, figs. 4, 5.—FontTaIneE, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., Pt. 2, 1899, p. 674, pl. 165, figs. 1, 2; pl. 166, fig. 1—Fonra1NE, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 177, 263, 281, 544, pl. 55, figs. 7, 8; pl. 69, figs. 4, 5. Sequoia reichenbachi longifolia Fontatnr, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 244, pl. 117, fig. 8. Sequoia densifolia FonNTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 246, pl. 121, fig. 4. Sequoia (?), species Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 248, pl. 116, he. 7: spl. 132, fies. 255, 6. Sequoia, species FontTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 248, pl. 132, fig. 10. Sequoia (?) inferna Warp, Fontaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 507. Sequoia couttsix (not Heer) Houck, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 12, 1892, p. 30, jolla Wy feds tye Description.—This is one of the most wide-ranging fossil plants, both geologically and geographically, that is known, and it seems very probable that it is of a composite character, the well-known difficulty of distinguishing between coniferous twigs of this character prohibiting any satisfactory segregation. Described originally as a species of Araucarites, certain of these remains from the Staten Island Cretaceous have shown by their vascular structure that they are allied to the Araucariexw, while, on the other hand, a large number of ! Only such citations as have some bearing on the Potomac occurrence of this species are mentioned in the synonymy. No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 309 exactly similar remains of leaf-bearing twigs bore cones which are unquestionably those of a Sequoia. Twigs of this sort are abundant throughout the Potomac group, occurring also in the Fuson formation of the Black Hills, the Kootanie of Montana, the Shasta of California, the Kome beds of Greenland, and the Neocomian of central Mexico. Abroad they have been reported from the Upper Jurassic (?) of Por- tugal, the Neocomian of Belgium, the Urgonian of Silesia, and the Gault of Switzerland. Similar remains have also been described from a large number of horizons in the Upper Cretaceous, both in this country and abroad. The shght variations from specimen to specimen and the varying conditions of preservation in the twigs of this species throughout the Potomac deposits, together with the detached and more or less mace- rated cones, furnished the basis for six species and varieties of Fontaine and Ward, but these are obviously not specifically distinct from one another. Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, Lorton (Tele- eraph Station), and Dutch Gap, Virginia; Springfield, Maryland. ARUNDEL FORMATION: Reynolds Ore Pit, Maryland. Patapsco FORMATION: Near Brooke, Virginia. Collections.—U. 8. National Museum. SEQUOIA RIGIDA Heer. Sequoia rigida HeER, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1873, pp. 80, 91, 102, 128, pl. 22, figs. 5g, ila; pl. 25, fig. 6; pl. 27, figs. 8-14; pl. 38, figs. 9a, 10.— ScHENK, Palaeontographica, vol. 23, 1875, p. 168, pl. 29, figs. 8, 9—Herr, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 6, pt. 2, 1882, p. 52, pl. 7, figs. 10-12; pl. 8, fig. 7; pl. 11, fig. 1c; pl. 24, fig. 3b; vol. 7, 1883, p. 18, pl. 58, figs. 5-7. Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 246, pl. 118, fig. 3; pl. 121, fig. 2; pl. 126, fig. 3; pl. 130, fig. 3—Kwnowtron, in Stanton and Martin, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 16, 1905, p. 408.—FonTaINnE, in Ward, Monoer. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 219. Sequoia subulata FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, 245, pl. 117, fig. 7; pl. 118, figs. 5, 6 (not Heer).—Fonrarne, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 486, 571 (not Heer). Description —This species was described by Heer from the Kome beds of Greenland, although he subsequently pointed out that it was more abufidant in the Atane beds. He compares it with Sequoia woodwardu (Carruthers) Schimper of the upper Greensand of England and with Sequoia pectinata Heer of the Senonian of Germany. It is also recorded from the Gosau beds of Europe and from the Upper Cretaceous of Alaska as well as from the Potomac of Virginia, the Kootanie of Montana, and the Shasta of California. The specific identity of these Upper and Lower Cretaceous forms may well be doubted, but no clear line of demarcation can be drawn between them at the present time. It is quite possible that the Potomac forms are merely variants of the abundant Sequoia reichenbachi, since they fail to show the transverse rugosity (a feature of the preservation merely) 810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. described by Heer. They also appear to be somewhat less decurrent and less finely pointed than the type material. A variety described by Saporta from the Albian of Portugal as var. lusitanica* is scarcely to be distinguished from the Potomac specimens. Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Near Potomac Run, near Tele- graph Station (Lorton), Virginia: Springfield, Maryland. Collections.—U. 8. National Museum. SEQUOIA DELICATULA Fontaine. Sequoia delicatula FontTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Survey, vol. 15, 1890, p. 247, pl. 121, fig. 3. Description.—In 1890 Fontaine furnished the following description of this species: Principal twigs slender, penultimate and ultimate ones all in one plane, minute, short, closely placed, alternate and pinnate in arrangement; leaves very small, narrowly linear, acute or acuminate, widest at base, decurrent, and mostly crowded; midnerve slender but distinct. Professor Fontaine says of this species: This plant is a good deal like Sequoia subulata, but the leaves are proportionally wider and not so faleate, while the ultimate branches are placed at more uniform intervals. It may be doubted whether it is really distinct from the abundant Sequoia reichenbachi, since it was extremely rare at the single Vir- ginia locality from which it was originally collected and it has not been met with in any of the subsequent collections. It is not espe- cially well marked and is of little significance, although it has seemed best to keep it distinct at the present time. Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION: Near Dutch Gap, Virginia. Collections —U. 8. National Museum. SEQUOIA AMBIGUA Heer. Sequoia ambigua Herr, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1874, pp. 78, 91, pl. 21, figs. 1-11; pl. 25, fig. 5; vol. 6, pt. 2, 1882, pp. 17, 52, pl. 1, fig. 3. FontTaInE, Monoer. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 245, pl. 118, fig. 2; pl. 120, figs. 1-6; pl. 127, fig. 5; pl. 132. fig. 3—NarTHorst, in Felix and Lenk, Beitr. Geol. and Pal. Mexico, 1893, p. 51, figs. 1-3.—FonrTarne, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 272, 281, 538, 555, pl. 69, fig. 6; pl. 110, fig. 13. Sphenolepidium recurvifolium Fontaine, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p- 258, pl. 127, fig. 2; pl. 130, figs./2, 7. Sphenolepidium dentifolium Fontatnk, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 258, pl. 128, figs. 2-6; pl. 129, fig. 5; pl. 180, figs. 4-6, 10.—FonTAINgE, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 484, 528, 538, 546, 555. Sequoia gracilis FonTAINnE, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., pt. 2, 1899, p. 675, pl. 166, fig. 2 (not Heer). Arthrotaxopsis excpansa FonTAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 533, 535, 538, 555, 573, pl. 109, figs. 12, 13 (not pp. 504, 520, 546, 547, 571), 1 Saporta, Flora foss. Portugal, 1894, p. 177, pl. 33, figs. 7-12. No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 311 Description.—Remains of the foliage of this species are distin- guishable from those of contemporaneous conifers which occur in the beds with them by the relatively short and very stout, acuminate, faleate, or recurved, decurrent leaves. The cones are spherical and consist of relatively few short scales with longitudinally striated peduncles and suddenly expanded, quad- rangular, peltate, umbilicate tips. These cones are abundant in the lower Cretaceous of Maryland, occurring usually as detached ferrugi- nized mud casts. They vary considerably in size, and this has re- sulted in their having been referred to two species and genera, the smaller having been identified by Professor Fontaine as Arthrotaxop- sis expansa, while the larger were referred to Sequoia ambigua. As Professor Ward pointed out in his monograph,! they show no differ- ences except in size, and even this feature has rather narrow limits of variation with every gradation present. The writer has carefully compared a large suite of specimens and many wax casts of the scales and finds them absolutely identical in every respect, the relative pro- portions of the scales from the smallest and the largest cones giving the same ratios of length, width, and height. As recorded in the literature cited above, Sequoia ambigua is widely distributed geographically and it has an equally great geological range. Described originally from the Kome beds (Urgonian) of Green- land by Professor Heer, this author soon afterwards recorded it from the Upper Cretaceous Atane beds of that country. It has been recorded by Nathorst from the Neocomian of Mexico and it is present in the Kootanie formation of Montana. It is a member of the Shasta flora of the Pacific coast (Horsetown beds) and is probably repre- sented in the Fuson formation of eastern Wyoming by what Profes- sor Fontaine calls Sequova gracilis. In the Upper Cretaceous, remains in every way identical with these Lower Cretaceous occurrences are present in the Magothy formation at Gay Head and at a number of localities in Maryland as well as in the Tuscaloosa formation of Alabama. In the Potomac group this species ranges from the base of the Patuxent, through the Arundel to the top of the Patapsco often in considerable abundance. Seward? comments on the resemblance between Sequoia ambigua Heer and the widespread remains of Spheno- lepis sternbergiana (Dunker) Schenk, a resemblance strikingly shown in some Wealden specimens of the latter from Ecclesbourne recently received by the writer. However, their preservation is not of the best, and the English specimens seem to show slight differences from the type of this species in the direction of what in America is iden- tified as Sequoia ambigua. No changes in nomenclature are pro- posed, however, since it seems probable that Sphenolepis sternberg- 1 Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906. 2 Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 206. ray OY) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. iana in North America is properly identified and distinct from Sequoia ambigua, which is more open and stouter and which may be present in the English Wealden in some at least of the coniferous twigs identified as Sphenolepis sternbergiana. Occurrence.-PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, Dutch Gap, Cockpit Point, Potomac Run, Telegraph Station, Virginia; ARUNDEL FORMATION: Soper Hall, Riverdale, Arlington, Muirkirk, Schoolhouse Hill (Hanover), Maryland; Pararsco ForMATION: Federal Hill (Baltimore), Locust (Poplar) Point, Fort Foote, Maryland. Collections.—U. 5. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. THE GENUS ABIETITES. Since its establishment by [isinger’ in 1837 this genus has been a convenient and perhaps useful repository for fossils whose real or fancied affinities were thought to suggest the modern genus Abves. They have ranged in age from the Keuper to the Pliocene, the bulk coming from the Cretaceous, and consisting of obscure impressions of foliage and cones, none of which have any real biological value or present any definite clue to their true relationship. Professor Fon- taine has included in this genus fossils from the Triassic of North Carolina and various indefinite remains from the Trinity group of Texas, the Shasta group of California, the Lakota formation of the Black Hills, and the Potomac group of Maryland and Virginia. The latter he segregates into four species, all of which are based upon obscure cone impressions and none of which possess much specific value. When it is remembered what diverse appearances may be assumed by a single species of cone irrespective of individual varia- tion and due merely to different stages of maceration before preserva- tion, to differences in the matrix, and to differences in the direction and force of compression, it seems very probable that we are dealing with a single species of cone, or at least not more than two, instead of the four which are in the literature relating to the Potomac. Similar forms from the English Wealden are described by Car- ruthers, Gardner, and Seward, and referred to the comprehensive genus Pinites of Endlicher (1847). They are in all probability con- generic if not specifically identical with Abietites macrocarpus Fon- taine, whose generic and specific name is here retained in order to avoid unnecessary changes and because Endlicher’s Pinites is ante- dated by Pinites Witham (1833), something altogether different. In the French Neocomian also, cones of this character are abundant, Cornuel? describing five species and referring them to Pinus. His Pinus submarginata is especially suggestive of Abietites macrocarpus 1 Hisinger, Letheea suecica, 1837, p. 110. 2Cornuel, Bull. soc. géol. France (11), vol. 23, 1866, pp. 658-673, pl. 12. No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. ole Fontaine, as are also some of the species described by Coemans! from the Lower Cretaceous of Belgium and by Carruthers? from the Gault of England. Finally the foliage from the Potomac beds which has been referred to Leptostrobus and Laricopsis is neither Leptostrobus nor related to the modern Lariz, and since such foliage in the English Wealden is in organic union with cones of the Abietites macrocarpus type,’ it seems eminently proper in the treatment of the American material to associate this type of foliage with the corresponding type of cone. ABIETITES MACROCARPUS Fontaine. Abietites macrocarpus FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 262, pl. 132, fig. 7—Fonrarve, in Ward., Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 261, 547, pl. 68, figs. 15, 16; pl. 115, figs. 2, 3. Abietites ellipticus Fontaine, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 263, pl. 132), figs..8, 9; pl. 133, figs. 2-4; pl. 168, fic. 8. Abietites angusticarpus FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 263, pl. 133, fig. 1.—FonrtainE, 19th Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv., Pt. 2, 1899. p. 671, pl. 163, fig. 14.—Fonratns, in Ward., Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 528, 538, 556, 572, pl. 114, fig. 10. Williamsonia? bibbinsti Warp, Fontaine, in Ward, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 554, pl. 115, fig. 11. Abietites californicus FonTAINE, in Diller and Stanton, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 5, 1894, p. 450 (nomen nudum). Description.—Large, stout cones, with a stout axis and numerous, long, thin, imbricated, appressed scales. The various specimens vary considerably in length and appearance, all being much macerated and poorly preserved. The author is unable to find good characters for the separation of the forms included in the foregoing synonymy. The supposed Wil- hamsonia is nothing but a cone fragment vertically compressed as Professor Ward surmised. Described originally from the Patuxent formation of Virginia they have since been identified in the Shasta eroup (Horsetown beds) of California and the Lakota formation of the Black Hills, while a very similar cone fragment has been de- scribed from the Trinity group of Texas as Abietites linkit (Roemer) Dunker. These cones are comparable with a number of previously described species, and they are especially close to Pinites solmsi Seward from the English Wealden, as the latter author has already pointed out. From the foliage preserved with the English cones, which is identical with what Professor Fontaine referred to Leptostrobus, it is possible that the latter type of foliage was borne by the tree which furnished the cones just described. 1 Coemans, Mém. Acad. Roy. Belg., vol. 36, 1867. 2 Carruthers, Geol. Mag., vol. 3, 1866, pp. 534-546, pl. 20, 21. 8’ Seward, Wealden Flora, pt. 2, 1895, p. 197, pl. 18, figs. 2, 3; pl. 19. See especially pl. 18, fig. 2. 314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40, Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, Dutch Gap, Virginia, Broad Creek, Maryland; ARUNDEL ForRMATION: Arlington, near Lansdowne, Maryland; Parapsco FORMATION, Vinegar Hill, Fort Foote, Maryland. Collections —U. S. National Museum. ABIETITES MARYLANDICUS Fontaine. Abietites marylandicus FonTAINE, in Ward., Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 549, pl. 115, figs. 4, 5. Description.—Obscure impression of a narrowly oblong cone about 15 mm. wide and about 4 cm. long, covered with closely placed, rhom- boidal scars, transversely elongated. The very stout peduncle might be taken to indicate a stout cone with thin scales of which only the basal portions were retained in the fossil. The relation of this cone to the preceding species is altogether doubtful, it is retained in this genus since the preservation is so vague that any effort to determine its true affinity would be futile. In some respects it suggests the staminate cone of a cycad and it may also be compared with cones of the coniferous genus Geinitzia which are characteristic forms in the Albian, Cenomanian, and Senonian. . Occurrence.—-PATAPSCO FORMATION: Vinegar Hill, Maryland. ~ Collection.—U. 8. National Museum. ABIETITES FOLIOSUS (Fontaine). Leptostrobus foliosus FONTAINE, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 230, pl. 101, fig. 4; pl. 103, fig. 5; pl. 104, fig. 1; in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 482. : Laricopsis longifolia YontarnE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 233, pl. 102, figs. 7, 8; pl. 103, figs. 2, 3; pl. 165, fig. 4; pl. 168, figs, 5, 6.—Fon- TAINE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 268, pl. 36, fig. 9 (?).—Fon- TAINE, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 312, pl. 73, figs. 11, 14. Description.—Leaves long and slender, 0.5 to 1.0 mm. in width, full length not seen, at least several centimeters, much crowded, seem- ingly in bundles where the preservation is fairly good. This is clearly distinct from the preceding species and less common. It is not fully characterized because of the poorness of preservation, as evinced by the fact that the leaves are detached in a majority of the specimens collected. The forms which were the basis for Lari- copsis longifolia Fontaine have been united with this species since they are indistinguishable and probably identical in character. This species occurs at the oldest and youngest horizons in the Virginia Potomac and it has also been recorded from the Kootanie formation of Montana. The fragment from the Trinity beds of Texas which Professor Fontaine identifies with such certainty is, in the writer’s judgment, absolutely untrustworthy. NO. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. 3L5 Occurrence.—PATUXENT FORMATION: Dutch Gap and immediate vicinity, Virginia; PaTapsco FORMATION: Brooke, Virginia. Collections.—U. S. National Museum. ABIETITES LONGIFOLIUS (Fontaine) New Combination. Leptostrobus longifolius FonTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 228, pl. 101, figs. 2, 3; pl. 102, figs. 1-4; pl. 103, figs. 6-12; pl. 104, fig. 6.— FonrTaINE, in Ward, 19th Ann. Rept. U. 8. Geol. Surv., Pt. 2, 1899, p. 671, pl. 163, fig. 15; pl. 165, fig. 3— Fonrarne, in Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, pp. 281, 481, 482, 491, 506, 528, 551, 557, pl. 110, fie. 11; pl. 116, figs 1: Description.—Leaves long and narrow, needlelike, 10 to 15 em. in length, aggregated in bundles. Bundles apparently borne on short shoots, with many leaves in each bundle. No satisfactory venation can be made out. J[ontaine describes a various number of veins in these forms, but as nearly as can be determined these are simply folds due to compression or simply the angles of the leaf. This species has a considerable geologic as well as geographic range, having been recorded from the Kootanie formation of British Colum- bia and the Fuson formation of the Black Hills. In the Potomac group it is of frequent occurrence and individually common, being found in the oldest as well as the youngest beds. The remains are always poorly preserved and were evidently much macerated before fossilization. They are closely comparable with Pinites solmsi Seward of the Wealden and with Pinus peterseni Heer from the Kome beds of Greenland. They may also be compared with the genus Prepinus proposed by Professor Jeffrey for certain structural material from the Upper Cretaceous. The genus Leptostrobus was proposed by Heer?' in 1876 for certain Siberian Jurassic cones, although in 1880 remains of foliage were also correlated with these cones.? Five species in all were described. The age of the containing beds is Oolitie. Subsequently this generic name was utilized by Ward and Fontaine for a considerable number of American Jurassic and Cretaceous species, based on an assort- ment of probably unrelated vegetative twigs, supposed cones, and seeds or fruits. Occurrence. —PATUXENT FORMATION: Fredericksburg, Potomac Run, and Dutch Gap, Virginia; PaTapsco FORMATION: Brooke, 72-mile post, Mount Vernon and Hell Hole, Virginia; Fort Foote, Vinegar Hill (very common), and Federal Hill (Baltimore), Maryland. Collection —U. 8. National Museum. THE GENUS PINUS. Modern members of this genus are the dominant conifers of the northern hemisphere with about 70 species, usually forming vast forest ! Heer, Flora Foss. Arct., vol. 4, Abth. 2, 1876, p. 72. 2 Heer, Idem., vol. 6, Abth. 1, 1880, p. 23 BL - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 40, areas. There are considerable differences of opinion at the present time among morphologists as to the relative antiquity of the various members of the order Coniferales, the older view that the Abietines were a highly specialized and relatively modern type being ques- tioned by Jeffrey and others. It would seem, however, that the old view not only has the fossil record exclusively in its favor but many morphological arguments to substantiate it. A very large number, perhaps as many as 200, of fossil species have been described, ranging in age from the Jurassic upward. The Juras- sic has furnished pine-like leaves as well as the remains of cones which have formed the foundation of several-species. While these records are for the most part not entirely unequivocal, Fliche and Zeiller* in a recent communication are positive of the identity of the cone which they describe from the French Portlandian. From horizons homo- taxial with the Potomac group, a number of forms have been recorded. These include six species described by Heer from leaves in the Kome beds, three species from the Kootanie, one from the Lakota of the Black Hills, and one from the Trinity of Texas. Strata of Lower Cretace- ous age in Europe are remarkable for the number, variety, and excel- lent preservation of cones of Pinus, about a dozen species being known from England, Belgium, and France. The Upper Cretaceous records are frequent and conclusive, including the evidence of wood with structure preserved, and the genus becomes thoroughly cosmopolitan during the Tertiary period. The definite remains of Pinus in the Potomac group are those of both cones and seeds constituting the fol- lowing single species, the cones of which sometimes crowd the strata of the Patapsco formation. PINUS VERNONENSIS Ward emend. Pinus vernonensis WARD, in Fontaine, in Ward., Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 497, pl. 109, figs. 4-6. Pinus schista Warp, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1905, p. 531, pl. 112, figs. 13-15. Araucarites virginicus FONTAINE, in Ward., Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 572, pl. 119, fig. 8 (not Fontaine, 1890). Seed of Pinus?, species FonTAINE, Monogr. U. 8. Geol. Surv., vol. 15, 1890, p. 272, pl. 170, fig. 4. Description._-Cones elongate, conical, somewhat variable in size, averaging about 7 cm. in length by 1.8 cm. in diameter. Axis stout, 2mm. to 3 mm. in diameter. Cone scales triangular, relatively thin, thickened apically to form a rhomboidal boss with an elevated trans- verse ridge. A central umbilicus may represent the area of attach- ment of a short spine which has been worn away before fossilization. Length about 1.5 cm., greatest width about 0.8 to 1 cm., thickness 1 to 2 mm. 1 Fliche and Zeiller, Bull. Soc. geol. France (4), vol. 4, 1904, p. 804. No. 1821. REVISION OF POTOMAC PLANTS—BERRY. Ske The arrangement of the scales is a close spiral, and in all of the cones collected or seen, numbering several score, none were found expanded, all having the scales closely appressed. This may indicate fossiliza- tion before maturity, since also numbers of the cones retain their seeds, which is remarkable if the cones were shed in a ripe state. The seeds seem to be mature, however, and it is probable that the cones in this species had reached nearly or quite their full size when they were blown into some Lower Cretaceous stream and carried out and buried in the Patapsco estuaries. Each cone scale subtends two seeds which are typically those of Pinus. The seeds are elliptical, 3-5 mm. long with straight wings 5-15 mm. high and not over 7 mm. wide, sides rather straight though somewhat curved on the outside, obtusely rounded apically. The single seed from Federal Hill represents the maximum of size as given above and is also rather more pointed than the specimens from the other localities. It was doubtfully described by Fontaine in his first monograph. More recently Professor Ward discovered seeds of Pinus at Mount Vernon, Virginia, and at Fort Foote, Maryland. The former were described as Pinus vernonensis, which now becomes the name of all the Pinus like remains from the Patapsco formation. The latter specimens were described as a distinct species, Pinus schista, because the wings are somewhat split. As the latter are identical with the more complete remains from the other bank of the Potomac, and as the different specimens are split to a varying degree and one specimen is not split at all, it is quite obvious that the splitting is due entirely to trituration before fossilization. Recently the writer discovered abundant lignitized cones associated with these seeds near Widewater, Virginia, and these cones were found in a number of instances to still contain some of their seeds which proved to be identical in every respect with the seeds previously described from the Patapsco formation. Having become familiar -with the cones which bore the pine seeds it was found that the single cone described by Fontaine! from Cecil County, Maryland, as identi- cal with Araucarites virginicus was in reality a pine cone identical in every respect with the cones from near Widewater, Virginia. The seeds of Pinus vernonensis may be compared with those figured by Seward? from the Wealden of Bernissart, Belgium as Pinites cf. Solmsr. In the U.S. National Museum collections a number of speci- mens of Widdringtonites brookense are labeled Pinus vernonensis in Professor Fontaine’s handwriting, but there is no record in print of supposed foliage of this species, although it is possible that some of the foliage specimens referred to Abvetites in the present paper may have had such a relationship. 1In Ward, Monogr. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 48, 1906, p. 572, pl. 119, fig. 8. 2Seward, La Flora Wealden de Bernissart, Mém. Musée roy. d’hist. nat. de Belgique, Année 1900, p. 28, pl. 4. fig. 77. 318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Occurrence.—PATAPSCO FORMATION: Mount Vernon (seeds) and near Widewater, Virginia (cones and seeds): Federal Hill (Balti- more) (seed) and Fort Foote (seeds); Muddy Creek, Cecil County (cone), near Wellhams, Anne Arundel County (seeds), Maryland. Collections.—U. 5. National Museum, Johns Hopkins University. [SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE PHILIPPINE CRUISE OF THE FISHERIES STEAMER “ALBATROSS,” 1907-10.—No. 9.] DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW FISHES OF THE FAMILY CHATODONTIDA FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. By Hvuex M. Suitx and Lewis Ranvcuirre, Of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, Washington. The species referred to in this paper represent hitherto unde- scribed forms of the family Chetodontide obtained in the Philip- pine Archipelago by the Albatross expedition. The measurements herein used represent the ratio between length of part described and the standard length from tip of snout to end of last caudal vertebra, with the exception of eye, snout, maxillary, interorbital, fins, and least depth of caudal peduncle, which are expressed in ratio to head measured from tip of snout to posterior edge of opercle (not including opercular flap). The length of caudal peduncle is measured between the verticals drawn at base of last anal ray and at end of last vertebra. Even when the last dorsal and anal rays are cleft to base they are still counted as single rays. The scale formula indicates the number of scales in a transverse row from insertion of dorsal downward and backward to and includ- ing lateral line and from origin of anal upward and forward to lateral line and the number of transverse rows above the lateral line, between upper angle of opercle and end of last caudal vertebra. CHTODON ARGENTATUS, new species. Dorsal xtv, 22; anal 111,16; scales 44+ 10—33. General form subrhomboidal, strongly compressed; head 3.12, deeper than long, upper profile nearly straight; depth of body 1.63; caudal peduncle shorter than deep, slender, depth 3.00; eye 3.00; PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 40—No. 1822. 319 320 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, snout 2.64, conical; mouth moderate; maxillary 3.42, barely reach- ing vertical from anterior nostril; nostrils close to eye, anterior nostril larger, circular, provided with a flap posteriorly, posterior nostri! elongate, slit-like; interorbital 3.33, very slightly rounded; preopercular border smooth except for a few weak denticulations near upper angle and on horizontal margin; teeth in bands, long, slender, with a slight constriction near tip; peritoneum silvery, with scattered dusky spots. Scales unequal, those on middle of trunk larger than the others, arranged in rows which are very distinct both upward and back- ward and downward and backward; 22 transverse rows of scales between opercle and end of last vertebra; head, belly, and vertical Fig. 1.—CH#TODON ARGENTATUS. (From the type. Natural size.) fins finely scaled. Scales subcircular, truncate at base; circuli regular in arrangement, those in nuclear area enlarged or absent; radial folds on basal portion of scale well developed, about 8 to 14 in number; a moderately narrow area along apical margin of scale with short radially arranged lines, each composed of a series of cones or cone-like structures, slightly hastate in outline, truncate at tip, appearing as if the apex of one had pierced the base of the one imme- diately in front of it; the terminal cone in each row entire, forming the series of spine-like structures along apical margin. Dorsal spines long and slender, fourth spine longest, 1.26 in head, spines following this graduated backward; membranes of anterior spines deeply incised; soft dorsal moderately low, evenly rounded; caudal short, obliquely truncate; anal bluntly right-angled, second No. 1822. NHW PHILIPPINE FISHES—SMITH AND RADCLIFFE. 321 and third spines subequal, the second slightly stronger than the third; ventrals 1.14, short, tips not reaching vent; pectorals 1.10. Color in alcohol: Silvery, tinged with a very pale lemon yellow; a narrow black saddle across upper part of interorbital, not reach- ing eye; a small black area on upper part of eye and adjacent interorbital region; an irregular black saddle from in front of origin of dorsal downward across upper part of opercle, duskiness extend- ing across upper part of preopercle to posterior margin of eye; a black area crossing fifth to ninth dorsal spines and extending downward to middle of side; a broad black band including last dorsal spine and anterior third of soft dorsal extending downward and backward across base of soft dorsal, caudal peduncle and posterior third of anal; margin of soft dorsal silvery white, the tips of the rays very narrowly edged with black, a narrow inframarginal black line below marginal band, area between this and broad black band crossing base of fin dusky white; a blackish segment on tips of middle caudal rays; anterior to this a similar white band preceded by a black crescent fading out on base of fin; anterior two-thirds of anal silvery white, posterior third, black; membranes of spines and tips of anterior rays black; dusky or blackish lines extending down- ward and backward and upward and backward along the rows of scales, forming a checker board appearance and emphasizing scale arrangement. This species resembles C. zanthurus but differs markedly in colora- tion, in number of dorsal spines, in smaller scales, and in having the rows that extend downward and backward more nearly horizontal. Type.—Cat. No. 67353, U.S.N.M., 9.6 cm. in length, from Agojo Point, Catanduanes Islands, Pacific coast of Southern Luzon, Philip- pine Islands. Another example 8.5 cm. in length was taken at Port San Pio V, Camaguin Island, north of Luzon. This individual differs slightly in coloration from the type; the black markings on body are more pro- nounced, the black saddle across interorbital is interrupted on the right side, and the black and white markings of caudal are more dis- tinct. Color in life: No yellow; pale parts silvery, darker parts black. HENIOCHUS SINGULARIUS, new species. Dorsal x11,25; anal 111,17; scales 11+26—50. General shape trapeziform; head 3.31, short, deep, upper profile from tip of snout to insertion of dorsal comparatively straight; body compressed, elevated, depth 1.45; caudal peduncle half as long as deep, depth 2.60; eye 3.75, high, rather small; snout 2.44, short, blunt; mouth small, terminal, lips thick and fleshy, concealing teeth; maxillary short; nostrils large, the anterior with a well-developed fold ending in a flap posteriorly; posterior nostril elongate; inter- 80796°—Proc. N.M. vol.40—11——21 322 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. orbital 3.35, raised, somewhat convex; bony projections over eyes and on forehead moderately developed; preopercle weakly denticu- late; teeth small, close-set; gill membranes narrowly joined to the isthmus; peritoneum white. Scales moderate, regular in arrangement; lateral line complete, moderately arched, parallel with contour of body; about 44 trans- verse rows of scales between opercle and base of caudal; vertical fins scaled, scaly sheath not extending to tip of dorsal spines, the line of Fig. 2.—HENIOCHUS SINGULARIUS. (From the type. Three-fifths natural size.) demarcation very distinct; head scaled; lips, upper surface of snout, and opercular flap naked. Scales broad, basal margin truncate, apical margin rounded; sculpturing of scale like that in Chetodon; cireuli numerous; basal radial folds well developed, few in number; hastate structures composing radial lines on apical margin very distinct. Dorsal fin inserted anteriorly, distance from tip of snout to origin of dorsal 2.06 in length; first to third dorsal spines relatively short, no. 1822. NHW PHILIPPINE FISHES—SMITH AND RADCLIFFE. 323 graduated; fourth spine 1.90 in length, long, filiform, provided with a broad free membrane extending to tip of spine, other spines except last graduated; soft dorsal moderate, not so high as in H. monoceros, margin rounded; caudal truncate; anal deep, obtusely angled, spines graduated; ventrals 1.14, rounded, short, not reaching vent, their base under base of pectorals; pectorals nearly as long as head. Color in alcohol: Head and nape encircled by alternating bands of black and dusky silvery-white; the first band, jet black in color, encircles the mouth and extends backward on snout to anterior nos- tril; the second, silvery-white, runs parallel with first and extends backward on top of head to bony projections over eyes; the third, the black ocular band, about width of eye, crosses forehead, extends downward in front of and through anterior seven-eighths of eye, meeting its fellow on under surface of head; the fourth, dusky silvery- white, covers space between ocular band and base of dorsal and extends downward across posterior border of eye and opercular region, meeting its fellow on breast, where it widens out to base of ventrals; posterior border of opercle black; tips of lips yellowish; trunk pos- terior to vertical from insertion of dorsal to base of ventrals, including ventrals and anal, black; a lighter area, shading into the black, widest ventrally, extends from third to fifth dorsal spines downward and backward to base of anal, shading into black coloration of anal rays; remainder of dorsal, caudal, posterior portion of caudal peduncle and pectoral rays golden yellow; base of pectoral and region below, includ- ing ventrals and anal spines, jet black. Color in life: Upper portions of silvery bands on head, before described, slightly dusky, with a faint brassy wash; first and second dorsal spines black; third spine gray, the color continued as a lighter band diagonally across the black coloration of trunk to middle of anal; centers of scales on darker ventral portions of trunk somewhat pearly or purplish margined with darker brown; scales under the posterior portion of dorsal black, particularly about margins, the centers with a steel bluish area, which becomes smaller toward base of anal; dorsal from tip of fifth spine to base of sixth and diagonally along its basal edge, including the upper and hinder portion of caudal peduncle, and all of cadual fin, cadmium orange; front and posterior margins of anal purplish black; base of pectoral, including base of rays and all of the scaled portion, blackish, the remainder lemon yellow; ventrals black. This species resembles H. monoceros, but is readily differentiated from it by the form of the body, being slenderer and not so nearly circular, the contour lines of dorsal and ventral surfaces rather strongly converging posteriorly; by the longer head and straighter dorsal outline of head; by the smaller eye; by differences in the aver- age number of dorsal and anal rays; by the position of the spinous 324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. dorsal, its insertion being considerably nearer tip of snout in this species, the interspaces between the dorsal spines being normally ereater; and by the marked differences in coloration. The Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross obtained examples of this species from the following localities in the Philippine Archipelago: Batan and Rapurapu Islands, Lagonoy Gulf, Luzon; Galvaney and Alibijaban Islands, Ragay Gulf, Luzon; Port Dupon, Leyte; Murcie- lagos Bay, Mindanao; and Ulugan Bay, near Rita Island, Palawan; also from Soo Wan, Formosa; Si Amil Island, eastern Borneo; Binang Unang Island, Gulf of Tomini, Celebes; and Gane Road, Gillolo Island. Type.—Cat. No. 67354, U.S.N.M., 22.8 em. in length, from Alibi- jaban Island, Ragay Gulf, Luzon. HOLACANTHUS MULTIFASCIATUS, new species. Dorsal x111,17; anal 111,16; scales 7 +22 — 46. General form elliptical; head 3.25, upper profile steep, nearly straight; body compressed, curvature of dorsal and ventral surfaces similar, depth 1.55; caudal peduncle short and slender, depth 2.20; eye 3.10, rather small; snout 2.75, short and blunt; mouth small, terminal; maxillary short; nostrils of moderate size, the anterior with a fold ending in a flap posteriorly, the posterior elliptical; inter- orbital 3.50, flattened; preorbital armed with several strong, sharp denticulations; denticulations on vertical limb of preopercle well developed; spine at angle strong, curved, longer than snout, two weaker spines on horizontal limb; teeth fine, brush-like, trilobed, lateral lobes small; rows of teeth distinct, with well-marked inter- spaces; gill-membranes free from isthmus; peritoneum silvery-white. Seales regular in arrangement, those on middle of side slightly larger than others; 30 transverse rows between opercle and end of last vertebra; vertical fins and head finely scaled. Scales sub- rhomboidal, strongly ctenoid; circuli fine, regular; basal radial folds comparatively few, converging, and extending to nuclear region; about 17 to 20 rod-like structures ending in a well-developed spine extending from nuclear region to apical margin, characteristically different from the sculpturing of the same region on the Chetodon scales. Dorsal spines slender, curved, fifth slightly longer than others, 1.46; membranes of anterior spines deeply incised; soft dorsal higher than spinous dorsal, evenly rounded; caudal short, margin rounded; anal similar to soft dorsal; anal spines well developed; ventrals 2.65 in length, first ray filamentous, its tip reaching base of second anal spine; pectorals slightly longer than head. Color in aleohol: Dusky cream, crossed by ten seal-brown vertical bands of about the same width as the interspaces; first band, the no, 1829. NEW PHILIPPINE FISHES—SMITH AND RADOLIFFRE. 825 ocular, slightly narrower than eye, crosses nape in front of dorsal and extends downward across base of preopercular spine toward base of ventral, fading out on breast; second band extends from first and second dorsal spines downward across posterior border of opercle and base of pectoral, traces of it reaching behind base of ventrals; third to eighth cross-bands have their origin on spinous dorsal, seventh and eighth crossing anterior basal portion of soft dorsal, thence extending downward across base of anal; ninth band crosses tips of last two dorsal spines, extends across middle of soft dorsal rays, anterior part of caudal peduncle, and middle of anal rays; tenth band crosses upper third of soft dorsal, base of caudal peduncle, and posterior third of anal; traces of another band crossing tips of soft dorsal rays, base Siew SON SS =a a! as SESS SSR os SOS > = 2s POS PSs : aes re: f vy ‘ RO RRS Si ey PAV YY) << memeraet Fig. 3.—HOLACANTHUS MULTIFASCIATUS. (From the type. Natural size.) of caudal, and tips of anal rays; the body bands are widest at top; those on lower part of anal faded to yellowish-white (orange in life); a short median stripe on top of head, widest between eyes; traces of a dusky-brown circumoral band; caudal crossed by five. bands, the first complete, the second with asingle interruption, the others com- posed of a series of brown blotches, those nearest tip least distinct; anal spines white; ventrals white; pectorals dusky. Color in life of an individual from Mabul Island (7.2 cm. long): Ground color pearl gray, paler below, crossed by ten dark brown bands merging into orange ventrally, bands slightly wider above than below, slightly narrower than eye in widest part and about equal to interspaces; the first, the ocular band, becomes orange below eye; an orange circumoral ring; snout and chin dusky; a short brown stripe between eyes; a black blotch near middle of brown margin of 326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40, soft dorsal; bands on anal mostly orange; ventrals cadmium yellow, produced tip white; pectorals hyaline. This species has characters intermediate between the subgenera Chetodontoplus Bleeker and Centropyge Kaup. It has the form of body and fins of the former and the larger scales of the latter. The collection contains examples of this species from Port Galera, Mindoro; Romblon Harbor, Romblon Island; Mabul Island, Borneo; Buka, Dodepo, Pasejogo, and Binang Unang Islands, Gulf of Tomini, Celebes; Uki, Bouro Island, and Talisse Island, Dutch East Indies. Type.—Cat. No. 67355, U.S.N.M., 9.3 cm. in length, from Port Galera, Mindoro. THE RECENT AND FOSSIL MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS FROM THE WEST COAST OF AMERICA. By Pau Bartscu, Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, U. S. National Museum. The first Cerithiopsis known from the west coast of America was reported by Alcide D’Orbigny in 1840 from Peru.! This was fol- lowed twelve years later by two additional species, discovered by Prof. C. B. Adams at Panama and described as Cerithium neglectum C. B. Adams and Triforis infrequens C. B. Adams. ? In 1857 Dr. P. P. Carpenter published that part of his Catalogue of Mazatlan Shells which deals with the members of this genus, citing the following species: tuberculoides Carpenter. sorex Carpenter. tuberculoides albonodosa Carpenter. convexa Carpenter. cerea Carpenter. ; decussata Carpenter. puprformis Carpenter. assimilata C. B. Adams. Of these, C. convexa is now placed in the genus Metaxia. C.decussata is a Bittiwm, and Cerithiopsis assimilata Carpenter = Cerithium assimilatum C. B. Adams must be referred to the genus Seila. In 1865 Doctor Carpenter described Cerithiopsis intercalaria* and at the same time referred Cerithium bimarginatum C. B. Adams to this genus. At present both of these species are placed in the genus Eumeta. In the Supplementary Report on the Present State of Our Knowledge with Regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of America‘ Doctor Carpenter published a terse diagnosis of the following species: Cerithiopsis columna. Cerithiopsis purpurea. Cerithiopsis munita. Cerithiopsis fortior. All of these were later more fully described. Three of them, C. munita, C. purpurea, and C. fortior, are now placed in the genus Bittium. In 1867 De Folin added another species,> Cerithium destrugesi, which may not belong to our fauna, as the locality is cited as Panama or Negritos Island. 1 Voy. Amer. Merid., p. 443, pl. 77, figs. 9-10. 2 Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. of N. Y., 1852, pp. 379-80. 3 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 281. ‘Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, published in 1864. 5 Les Meleagrinicoles, p. 71, pl. 6, fig. 12. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1823. 327 328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. After this no additions were made for seventeen years, when Dr. W.H. Dall described Cerithiopsis steynegert, from Alaska.‘ ‘Two years later the same author added another species,? also from Alaska, under the name Cerithiopsis stejnegert truncata. After another lapse of seventeen years we find another species added to our list, this time a fossil described as Bittiwm williamsoni by Dr. Ralph Arnold,? from the Pleistocene beds of San Pedro and San Diego, California. Five years later the present writer described:* | Bittuum tumidum. Cerithiopsis cosmia. Bittuum quadrifilatum ingens. Cerithiopsis pedroana. the first two of which must be referred to the present genus. Since then Doctor Dall has added Cerithiopsis excelsus,> and the present writer described Cerithiopsis stephense.® The nuclear characters of the species studied are quite interesting and can be used to advantage in subdividing the genus into minor groups. Unfortunately, twenty of the forty-five forms under consid- eration have lost these early turns, which leaves a rather large per- centage in an uncertain position. Of the twenty-five species in which the nuclear whorls are known, eighteen belong to Cerithiopsis proper, having smooth nuclear whorls. These are: fatua Bartsch. abreojosensis Bartsch. oxys Bartsch. berry Bartsch. cerea Carpenter. galapagensis Bartsch. sorex Carpenter. cesta Bartsch. carpenter Bartsch. steynegert Dall. pedroana Bartsch. steynegert dina Bartsch. tuberculoides Carpenter. neglecta C. B. Adams. tuberculoides albonodosa Carpenter. alia Bartsch. * pupiformis Carpenter. aurea Bartsch. Two species have the early portion of the nuclear whorls smooth and the later part axially ribbed; for these I would suggest the sub- generic name Cerithiopsina. The two species are Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsina) necropolitana Bartsch and Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsina) adamsi Bartsch. The first of these may be considered the type. Two species have the early portion of the nuclear whorls smooth, which is succeeded by an axially ribbed part, which in turn is fol- lowed by a portion bearing two spiral cords in addition to the axial ribs. The last ornamentation resembles the sculpture of the early post-nuclear whorls, but is less strong, with many more axial ribs 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1884, pp. 345-6, pl. 2, fig. 4. 2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 9, 1886, p. 304, pl. 4, fig. 5. ’ Mem. California Acad. Sci., vol. 3, 1903, p. 295, pl. 6, fig. 11. 4 Proc: U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, pp. 79-82. 6 Prof. Paper No. 59, U.S. Geol. Surv., 1909, p. 75. 6 Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.. vol. 37, 1909, pp. 399-400 and figure. no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 329 than are present on the early post-nuclear turns. To this group I would apply the subgeneric name Cerithiopsida. The two species are Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsida) diegensis Bartsch, which may be consid- ered the type of the subgenus, and Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsida) rowelli Bartsch. A fourth group, consisting of three species, has the early portion of the nuclear turns smooth; the rest finely, axially ribbed, with the intercostal spaces finely, spirally lirate. For these I would suggest the subgenus Cerithiopsidella, with Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) cosmia Bartsch as type. The other two species are Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) anteflosa Bartsch and Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) alcima Bartsch. The species in which the nuclear whorls are unknown are: excelsa Dall. antemunda Bartsch. curtata Bartsch. diomedeae Bartsch. fossilis Bartsch. williamsont Arnold. gloriosa Bartsch. truncata Dall. columna Carpenter. stephensae Bartsch. enfrequens C. B. Adams. montereyensis Bartsch. paramoea Bartsch. ingens Bartsch. arnoldi Bartsch. tumida Bartsch. bicolor Bartsch. peruviana D’Orbigny. magellanica Bartsch. destrugesi De Folin. Only five of the forty-four known species are fossils, and none, as far as known, occur both recent and fossil. Of these five, two have their nuclear characters well preserved and thus enable us to assign them to their proper positions. These are Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) fatua Bartsch and Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsina) necropolitana Bartsch. Both of these are from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California. The other three species without the nuclear characters are Cerithiopsis excelsa Dall, from the Eocene of Oregon; Cerithiopsis fossilis Bartsch and Cerithiopsis williamsont Arnold, from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California. It is hoped that the present paper may stimulate the west American collectors to be on the lookout for these charming little shells, and that their efforts will result in a speedy elimination of the species now referred to an uncertain position.! 1In the preparation of the present diagnoses the following terminology is used: “Axial sculpture,’ the markings which extend from the summit of the whorls toward the umbilicus. The axial sculpture may be— “Vertical,’’ when the markings are in general parallelism with the axis of the shell. “ Protractive,” when the markings slant forward from the preceding suture. “‘Retractive,’? when the markings slant backward from the suture. “Spiral sculpture,” the markings following the directions of the coils of the whorls. oo0 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. KEY TO THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS.! Shell with warlces 222 52 ae aS Ee ee ae ete Shell without varices. Spiral cords between the sutures three. Spiral cord at summit equal to the others in strength. Sutures strongly channeled. Shell of medium size, less than 6.5 mm. long........................ fatua. Shell minute; adult less than 4 mm. long. Base with two spiral cords. Shell elongate-coniess. s.o25¢ ese Sie ea Rs Eels Se ee oxys. Shell clongate-ovates32 222430 soe ees soe ee 0 oe eee curtata. Base with more than two spiral cords. Spiral cords/of base three. - 53550 css 220 hee oe ee oe cerea. Spitalvcords:or base mine... 2 oki ones Sk vec eee . -Ueonen Sutures not channeled. Whorls shouldered at the summit Base with strong spiral cords. Shell large; adult more than 7 mm. long. Spaces inclosed between axial ribs and spiral cords on the spire, large squarish pits. Base with a strong keel next to peripheral keel........-..-- fossilis. Base with no strong keel next to peripheral keel........... gloriosa. Spaces inclosed between axial ribs and spiral cords on the spire, small round pits. Peripheral keel completely exposed in the suture in adult shells, bia aac oe See seis c cs Bed oo Se ee ee columna. Peripheral keel never completely exposed in the suture in adult shell. Basalcords'three,; strone-< -2 ss. cs08 eee sn) ee eee cosmid. Basal cord single, feeble... ... Se eee carpentert. Shell smaller. Adult between 3 and 5 mm. long. Basal cord bread and round. Axial nbsjon last. whorl abouti3224 52 e045. eee eee pedroana. Axaal ibs onllastiwhorltapouty2 0 seme sess sence tuberculoides. Basal cords sublamellar. Adultilessthan's mm long ss3,28 SES i Ee eee infrequens. Sihelltstouiti gees <2 hd sie BAS i a oe Ie ee pupiformis. Shell slender. Moo eee crete te enantio ont abreojosensis. Base with feeble sculpture only. Basal fasciole present. : Base with a single fasciole (encircling the columella) only. Shellubroadiyvieloneate-conicsesesas-- se eae ee ees nee paramoea. Shell slender-eloneate-conic 4 seyse 7) ate eee eee necropolitana. Base with more cords than a single fasciole..........--..-.--..- arnoldi, Basal fasciole absent. Whorls not shouldered at the summit..................... magellanica cesta. Spiral cord at summit weaker than the rest. Sutures strongly channeled. Shell robust. Basal keels strong coz. 5-0ke ddan seer ee eee Si eee = eee berryt. 1Since so many of the species under discussion lack the nucleus, it was deemed advisable to treat the genus as a unit and ignore the subgeneric division in this key, by utilizing characters present on the post- nuclear whorls only. No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. Sou Basal keel obsolete. paemta Mors Petractnvels 6.6 eet ayer twuee ts YF OB iN antemunda. AERA TLDS: PFOUACEINOs aees ais a's Ms ay = a8 taupe S Pees 8 diomedex. ite MEV eryvaslomaer- = cn neaee tm en ws 9 Nae ee eme © eos ieee galapagensis. Sutures not channeled. Tubercles of middle keel truncated on both posterior and anterior margin. Axial ribs and spiral cords inclosing strong, squarish pits. Base with two strong keels. Adult shellimore than’ 5mm), long. 2235-22. 2.-4222e02-4asos0 alcima. Adult shelltess thom.3symm- longsss..e28.. sseess.. soe williamsoni. Base with a feeble fasciole only......... Fe pe hes, aR See ee truncata. Axial ribs and spiral cords inclosing rounded pits. NS} OU eH LR G{0) 0 Fats) (23010 (2) an ee a ee ee - ee cesta, Spiral cords very broad. Shell veryelonpate-comie. 3.5.4.5 6.) 2 ae os cea ee ee eee stephense. Shell broadly conic. Adult. shell lessithanG mm’ longisc. 22222... 4222.0. 252 stejnegert. Ault shetancre; than, 7 mam-slome ssa is oy ee a Se s. dina. Tubercles of middle keel not truncated on both posterior and anterior margin. Tubercles of middle keel truncated on posterior margin only. Base: marked by a slender fasciole only... ..:.-.-.2-2--+:--..<: rowelli. Base marked by spiral cords. Spiral cords of base threes.) s gece i= eleis 3 eg cpaensh ee =e 8 antefilosa. Spiralicordsiol base twOs...3- Shell smaller; adult less than 7 mm. long. Spiral cords wider than the spaces which separate them. phellxelongate-comicaya. 325 NaS sae fe eRe RNY 2 ns i ee tumida. shollielongate-ovadtessassscne 4 Shas es eee Soe cece eames aces peruviana. Spiral cords narrower than the spaces which separate them. Mp MAMCORds subequal asses os. Oke 2s ke RCL ee eee Pie ahs teh 8 aurea. Spiralicords decidedly unequal s-2. 5 s[2s eis ee Teh ne adestmugesi: CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) FATUA, new species. Plate 36, fig. 5. Shell very efongate-conic, creamy white. Nuclear whorls three, strongly rounded, separated by well marked sutures, forming a slen- der, regular spire. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, separated by a deeply channeled suture, ornamented with three nodulose, spiral cords one of which is at the summit, the third immediately above the periphery, while the second is median between the two. These cords are a little wider than the spaces which separate them. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by retractive, axial 332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, ribs which are as strong as the spiral cords and render the junctions with these nodulose. Of these ribs 16 occur upon the first to fifth, 18 upon the sixth, 20 upon the seventh, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords appear.as strongly impressed, rounded pits. The tubercles are slightly truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a channel like those occurring between the spiral cords on the spire and like them crossed by the continua- tions of the axial ribs. Base rather long, well rounded, free from sculpture excepting very fine, incremental lines. Aperture regularly ovoid, strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse, outer lip thin, rendered wavy by the external sculpture; columella stout, decidedly curved and somewhat twisted, projecting considerably beyond the anterior margin of the outer lip. The type and seven specimens (Cat. No. 195194, U.S.N.M.) come . from the Lower Pleistocene (Lower San Pedro Series), Deadmans Island, California. The type has twelve whorls and measures: Length 6 mm., diameter 1.6 mm. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) OXYS, new species. Plate 36, fig. 2. Shell minute, elongate-conic, dark brown. Nuclear whorls almost four, forming a slender, elongate-conic spire, having the whorls well rounded. Post-nuclear whor!s well rounded, separated by a strongly channeled suture, marked by three equally strong, spiral cords, the first of which is at the summit, the third slightly above the periphery, while the second is median between these two. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by vertical, axial ribs, almost as strong as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first, 20 upon the second, 18 upon the third to fifth, and 24 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form strong tubercles of which those of the posterior cord are rounded while the other two are truncated posteriorly and slope gently ante- riorly, while the spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and axial ribs are strongly impressed, rounded pits. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong cord which is feebly nodulose and separated from the tuberculate keel posterior to it by a channel as wide as those occurring on the spire; this channel is marked by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base moderately long, marked by a strong, spiral cord about halfway between the peripheral cord and the insertion of the columella, the spaces which separate it from the peripheral cord on one side and from the columella on the other, appearing as deep, rounded channels. Aperture rather small, irregularly ovate, very strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip ren- No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 88383 dered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella very stout, twisted revolute, and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type and another specimen (Cat. No. 106505, U.S.N.M.) come from Point Abreojos, Lower California. The type has seven post- nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3.3 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. Two additional specimens (Cat. No. 195181, U.S.N.M.) come from San Pedro Bay, California. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) CEREA Carpenter. Plate 37, fig. 6. Cerithiopsis cerea CARPENTER, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1857, p. 443. Shell small, broadly conic, semitransparent, light horn-color. Nuclear whorls well rounded. Post-nuclear whorls separated by a strongly channeled suture, marked by three spiral cords, the first of which is a little anterior to the summit, the second median, and the third a little posterior to the suture. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by axial ribs which equal the spiral cords in strength. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the first to third, 14 upon the fifth and sixth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the spiral cords and the axial ribs form prominent tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are elongated, oval pits on the early whorls, having their long axes parallel to the spiral sculpture. On the last volution they are rounded. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong channel. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by three strong, spiral keels, of which the first is immediately below the peripheral sulcus, and the second halfway between this and the cord which surrounds the insertion of the columella. In addition to the spiral cords, the base is marked by numerous, fine incremental lines. Aperture irregular, very strongly channeled ante- riorly; posterior angle obtuse; edge of outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella moderately long, twisted, with the edge reflected. Doctor Carpenter’s type is on Tablet No. 2030, Liverpool collection, British Museum, and was collected on Spondylus at Mazatlan. It has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.4 mm., diameter 1 mm. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) SOREX Carpenter. Plate 37, fig. 2. Cerithiopsis sorer CARPENTER, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1857, p. 444. Shell minute, pupiform. Nuclear whorls three, smooth, well rounded, forming a slender, mucronate apex. The first three post- nuclear whorls increasing very rapidly in size, well rounded, orna- mented with three spiral cords, of which the first is a little anterior 334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. to the summit, the second median, and the third a little posterior to the suture. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by retractive axial ribs which are almost as strong as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the second, 18 upon the third, and 20 upon the penultimate whorl. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form prominent tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are elongated pits on the second whorl and well-rounded, well-impressed pits on the remaining ones. Sutures channeled. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a deep sulcus which is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which extend to the posterior edge of the first basal cord. Base moderately long, concave in the middle, marked by eight low, rounded, subequally spaced, spiral cords, which grow successively weaker from the periph- ery toward the tip of the columella. Aperture irregular, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture; columella moderately long, twisted, the edge reflected, and joined to the posterior angle of the aperture by a strong callus which covers the parietal wall. The type, which is on Tablet No. 2032, Liverpool collection, British Museum, has five post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 1.6 mm., diameter 0.7 mm. It and three additional specimens were found on Spondylus at Mazatlan. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) CARPENTERI, new species. Plate 38, fig. 9. Shell broadly elongate-conic, dark chocolate brown. Nuclear whorls three, smooth, well rounded, separated by a slender suture, forming an elongate-conic spire. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, marked by three strong, broad, spiral bands which are as wide as the spaces that separate them. Of these, the first and widest is at the summit, the next is median, while the third is a little posterior to the suture. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by slender, rounded, axial ribs which are about half as wide as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 20 occur upon the first and second, 22 upon the third to fifth, 24 upon the sixth and seventh, 28 upon the eighth, and 30 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form strong, elongated tubercles, having their long axes parallel with the axial sculpture. The tubercles at the summit are well rounded anteriorly and posteriorly; those of the median series are a little more suddenly rounded anteriorly than posteriorly; while those belonging to the supraperipheral cord are truncated suddenly pos- teriorly and slope gently anteriorly. The spaces between the spiral cords and axial ribs are small, moderately rounded, well-impressed pits. Suture constricted, showing a portion of the basal cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a deep, spiral groove as wide as No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. Sa0 that separating the first supraperipheral cord from the median spiral cord and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base short, well rounded, marked by a broad, spiral cord which is truncated posteriorly and slopes gently anteriorly toward the shallow, well- marked groove which separates it from the base proper. Entire sur- face of spire and base marked by numerous, very slender, incremental lines. Aperture irregularly oval, very strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered decidedly sinuous at the edge by the external sculp- ture; columella stout, moderately long, the edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The above description is based upon the two cotypes which, together with 130 specimens, are registered as Cat. No. 109510, U.S.N.M., and come from Terminal Island, California. One of these specimens is a young individual consisting of the three nuclear whorls and six post- nuclear whorls; the other is an adult which has lost the nuclear whorls and has ten post-nuclear whorls which measure: Length 8.1 mm., diameter 2.8 mm. Named for the late Dr. Philip P. Carpenter. Specimens examined. Catalogue ah Number of No. Locality 5 specimens. POH OR herminalalslands Calitornianeaseceemene cas eric ccc ticle aenieeee 132 109511 |..... OE oe ans Se ee ere ees Le od coh hoe poesia 1 UFBOSS Hl speisteys Oe eee ete eer oe ere ear Stan in a fern maze mteyate te nioes Wate arcle uveicinre tae 21 foli2ou| pooner GdrO.\Califormineysss secee an ee ere a ee a te aye ee 1 195178 | White’s Point, pan) PedrosBay. | Califormiae ss) sos" see 55 eee 2 152758 | Alamitos Bay, California 35 159330 | San apes California 5 1B GY (a Ba (Been ee eas 3 Pit5653'||---<< a ices jayeteie etry Sere Tole teva oie ate ae yayetheiee 1 1130584 | San Diego, California (on sponge) 4 6005) |iSaneD legos California sears eee oe eee eee eee na 17 S221 98 emacs LORS er ears treteysiretyoisreis efeeiemietieraiatete minis eels ine arenes ere cis 15 S228 ie leeniee (CR ORB AME SRR E CORO ene Fees aE eerie cian Ten en PAD ae Dnean, © en S 114 130315) Halse Bay, isan iero) (California: 7." - 5 28ee ss 22 et eee 1 3566 | San Diego Bay, California (3 fathoms, sand and shell bottom, bottom temperature ss) ee see scmcectseee cee cote eee eee ee 1 S2c20h| aly Diero. Californinese. yam memcmec see vee ee eee ae Denne 48 56006 |..... GOR Seon ete oa enc k ric en Serco ac einmeiameteeion 18 123401 | San Diego, California (living on sponges)............0..-.....- 1 Cotypes. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) PEDROANA Bartsch. Plate 38, fig. 2. Cerithiopsis pedroana Bartscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, pp. 181-182. Shell small, slender, dark brown. Nuclear whorls three, yellowish- white, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls strongly differentiated from the nuclear ones, showing the sculpture characteristic of the adult shell from the very beginning. This sculpture consists of three equally spaced tuberculate spiral keels between the sutures, the posterior one of which is slightly smaller than the other two. These keels are sepa- “836 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, rated by deep, rounded channels almost as wide as the keel. In addi- tion there are many low, rather broad axial ribs, the intersections of which with the keel form the tubercles. About 20 of them occur upon the first, 22 upon the fifth, and 30 upon the penultimate post-nuclear turn. The connections between the tubercles, both spiral and axial,| are about equal, inclosing deep, squarish pits. In addition to the above sculpture the entire surface is marked by fine spiral lines and lines of growth. Sutures strongly marked, constricted, showing the peripheral keel in the later whorl. Periphery marked by a broad, low, rounded keel. Another of equal width is located upon the middle of the base. The sulcus which separates these keels and the supra- peripheral sulcus are of equal width; both are crossed by the weak continuations of the axial ribs, which gradually weaken as they pass toward the columella. The basal keel is separated from the columella by broad, shallow grooves. Aperture irregularly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly, outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by the external keel; columella stout and somewhat twisted, with a strong callus on its. inner edge that extends over the parietal wall. The two cotypes, Cat. No. 109512, U.S.N.M., were collected by Mrs.’ W. H. Eshnaur at Terminal Island, San Pedro, California. The one has the nucleus and three post-nuclear whorls; the other has lost the nucleus and has nine post-nuclear turns and measures: Length 5.2 mm., diameter 1.8 mm. Specimens examined. Catalogue cases Number of No. Locality. specimens. D512) ti herminaltsiand |Califormiaesssn-on ees see eee eee eae eee eee 350 56751 Catalina) Tsland: (Californians. 222 ae ee ee eee eee 1 TOSI OF 9] (Sanveedro, Califonmintsecsie. eee eee Heat eee eee 3 14825; 4b. os 6 Lo |e er Re pete Cn ee ye Rea Rae pee tee eres eT Ney eB 1 195180 | White’s Point, San Pedro, California.............--.---------- 1 737250 |. saneedro; Califormiau., ot oeeteee eer atte ee cee eee eee 1 1305847): "San Diego}; Calitormiayss -2 Seek Saten seek oes a eee 9 SEPA A Sees GOS ee Scns eee ee Ante eel Sete ee ES ot tere ae ee ere 40 322200) ji\peeee (0 Yat An Page ce al Seta a) Ee a AIM ee enc Sec Pa A 13 56006@ |-..-- (6 (0 ener ee ely ey See mea eprint a aah 3 P2840 eee GO csi ce ees ee ae See et scien oes 6 109864 |...-.. (0 a ae sn nee rae See MEER ie Bea SEDO mM ree rc il LOSUA9# cies. (6 (0 See ee eres ee Aa ie See ooem a Gemno men boos 1 153058 | Government Jetty, San Diego, California............-..--...-- 7 106504 Point Abreojos, Lower California............-.-- aS a RA eee 1 32292 | Todos Santos Bay, Lower California........-.---.----..------ 1 1 Cotypes. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) TUBERCULOIDES Carpenter. Plate 3% figs 7. Cerithiopsis tuberculoides CARPENTER, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1857, pp. 442-443. Shell elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls five, well rounded, smooth, separated by a moderately constricted suture forming a well elevated spire. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, ornamented with no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 3387 three spiral cords of which the first is a little below the summit, the second median and the third a little posterior to the suture. These cords are separated by spaces a little wider than the cords. In addi- tion to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by decidedly retractive, axial ribs which are about as strong as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the first and second, 14 upon the third, 18 upon the fourth, and 20 upon the penultimate whorl. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well rounded tuber- cles, while the spaces enclosed between them are deep, rounded pits. Sutures moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked with a strong, smooth, spiral cord which is separated from the first supraperipheral cord by a channel as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral cord from the median and, like it, is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs, which extend to the posterior edge of the peripheral cord. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by two broad rounded, spiral cords. Aperture irregularly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella curved, twisted, the edge reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. Nine specimens of this species were reported by Doctor Carpenter taken from Spondylus and Chama at Mazatlan. The cotypes are on Tablet 2028, Liverpool collection, British Museum. The larger, a perfect specimen with seven post-nuclear whorls, measures: Length 3.75 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. Our figure is after a camera lucida sketch of the type by Doctor Carpenter. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) TUBERCULOIDES, var. ALBONODOSA Carpenter. Plate 37, fig. 3. Cerithiopsis ? tuberculoides albonodosa CARPENTER, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1857, p. 443. Of this Doctor Carpenter says: Shell similar to tuberculoides with the tubercles more distant and white. Nuclear whorls four, less elevated and subcarinate. Tablet 2029, Liverpool collection, British Museum, contains a young shell and a fragment of an adult shell taken from Spondylus at Mazatlan, Mexico. Our figure is after a camera lucida sketch of the type by Doctor Carpenter. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) PUPIFORMIS Carpenter. Plate 38, figs. 1 and 5. Cerithiopsis pupiformis CARPENTER, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1857, pp. 443-444. Shell minute, elongate-conic, brown. Nuclear whorls four, smooth, separated by a constricted suture forming a mucronate apex. Post- nuclear whorls marked by three spiral cords of which the first is at 80796°—Proc. N.M. vol. 40—11——22 338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. the summit, the third immediately posterior to the suture, while the second is half way between these two. These cords are a little wider than the spaces that separate them. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by somewhat retractive, axial ribs a little less strong than the spiral cords. Of these 20 occur upon the second, 22 upon the third and fourth, and 24 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well rounded tubercles, while the spaces between them are small rounded pits. Sutures well impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a deep spiral sulcus. Base moderately long with two tumid, broad, rounded, spiral cords. Aperture irregularly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella curved and twisted, with the edge reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. ° Tablet 2031, Liverpool collection, British Museum, contains Doctor Carpenter’s two cotypes which were collected on Spondylus at Mazat- lan, Mexico. The largest of these cotypes measures: Length 1.9 mm., diameter 0.8 mm. Our figure is after a camera lucida drawing by Doctor Carpenter of the type. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) ABREOJOSENSIS, new species. Plate 37, fig. 4. Shell minute, elongate-conic, brown, excepting the nuclear whorls which are white. Nuclear whorls four and one-half, well rounded, smooth, separated by a moderately constricted suture, forming an elevated, cylindric spire which gives the apex of the shell a mucronate appearance. Post-nuclear whorls very slightly rounded, ornamented by three spiral cords, the first of which is at the summit, the second at the anterior termination of the posterior third between the sutures, while the last is considerably posterior to the suture. The median cord, therefore, is much nearer the cord at the summit than that at the suture. In addition to these spiral cords, the whorls are marked by very slightly retractive, axial ribs which are almost as strong as the spiral cords. Of these ribs 16 occur upon all but the penultimate turn, which has 18. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form well rounded tubercles, while the spaces enclosed between them are elongated slits between the first and second spiral cords and elongated, almost squarish pits between the median and the peripheral cord. Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a spiral sulcus as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral cord from the median cord between the sutures, and crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base moderately long, marked by two strong, spiral cords, one of which is immediately below the periphery, while the other is a little posterior to the middle of the base, the two being separated by a channel equaling the periph- no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 839 eral one in width. In addition to the above sculpture, the base is marked by weak incremental lines. Aperture irregularly ovate, very strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered somewhat sinuous by the external sculpture; columella stout, curved, and somewhat twisted, the edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thick callus. The type (Cat. No. 106506, U.S.N.M.) comes from Point Abreojos, Lower California. It has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.3 mm., diameter 0.8 mm. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) BERRYI, new species. Plate 39, fig. 8. Shell small, elongate-conic, brown. Nuclear whorls four, well rounded, separated by constricted sutures, smooth, forming a mucro- nate apex to the shell. Post-nuclear whorls strongly sculptured, having three spiral cords between the sutures, of which the one at the summit is much smaller than the rest on the early whorls; the other two are subequal in strength, the second one being close to the one at the summit, while the third is almost halfway between the second and the suture. On the last whorl, the cord at the summit is almost equal to the other two. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by vertical axial ribs which are stronger than the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the second, 16 upon the third to fifth, 18 upon the sixth, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form strong tubercles, which are truncated posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly. The spaces inclosed between them are elongated, narrow pits between the first and second spiral cords on the early whorls, while on the last they are squarish pits in this region. The spaces between the median and supraperipheral cord are strongly impressed, large, squarish pits on all the whorls. Sutures strongly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a broad sulcus, equaling that which separates the supraperipheral from the median cord, crossed by the continua- tions of the axial ribs. Base marked by a strong, broad, rounded cord immediately below the periphery and a second less strong on its middle, while a slender thread encircles the insertion of the columella. In addition to this sculpture, the base is marked by strong, incre- mental lines. Aperture irregularly oval, decidedly channeled ante- riorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculp- ture; columella stout, curved, strongly twisted, with the edge reflected: parietal wall glazed with a thick callus. The type and two additional specimens (Cat. No. 195182, U.S.N.M.) were dredged by Mr. 8. S. Berry in 12 fathoms off Del Monte, Monte- rey, California. The type has lost the nucleus, the eight post-nuclear 340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. whorls measuring: Length 3.4 mm., diameter 1.3 mm. The nucleus was described from one of four specimens (Cat. No. 195198a, U.S.N.M.) from Whites Point, San Pedro, California. Cat. No. 195183, U.S.N.M., contains seven specimens from Monterey, and Cat. No. 195184, U.S.N.M., contains four specimens from San Pedro Bay, California. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) GALAPAGENSIS, new species. Plate 39, fig. 4. Shell minute, regularly elongate-conic, golden brown, with the row of tubercles at the summit of the shell darker. Nuclear whorls five, well rounded, smooth, separated by a well-impressed suture. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, ornamented with three tuberculate, spiral cords, of which the first (which is at the summit) is considerably less strong than the other two; the third is imme- diately above the suture, while the second is considerably nearer the first than the third. The space between the first and second is about half the width of the middle cord, while that between the second and third is equal to it. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by axial ribs, which are about equal to the spiral cords in strength; of these ribs, 16 occur upon all but the penultimate whorl, which has 20. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral cords form prominent tubercles, which are truncated posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly, while the spaces inclosed between them are elongated pits between the first and second spiral cords, having their long axes parallel with the spiral sculpture, and squarish pits between the second and third cords. Sutures strongly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a channel almost as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral cord from the median and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base moder- ately long, concave, marked by a strong spiral cord immediately below the peripheral sulcus, and another almost as strong which encircles the columella at its insertion. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the base is marked by fine, incremental lines. Aperture irregularly triangular, strongly channeled anteriorly, very effuse and angulated at the junction of the basal and outer lip; posterior angle very obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture; columella moderately long, stout, curved, with the edge reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The type and two additional specimens (Cat. No. 195185, U.S.N.M.) were dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 2813 in 40 fathoms, on coral sand bottom, bottom tempera- ture 81°, off Galapagos Islands. The type is a perfect specimen, having six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.4 mm., No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 341 diameter 0.8 mm. Cat. No. 195187, U.S.N.M., contains three speci- mens from the same locality. Cat. No. 122128, U.S.N.M., contains two specimens dredged off Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Islands. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) CESTA, new species. Plate 39, fig. 5. Shell elongate-conic, chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls, three, well rounded and smooth forming a slender elongate spire. Post-nuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked with three feebly tuberculated spiral keels between the sutures of which the posterior is at the summit and the anterior at some little distance posterior to the suture, the median one being a little nearer the anterior than its other neighbor. The spaces between these keels are not quite as wide as the keels. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked with feeble, somewhat irregular axial riblets which are less than half as strong as the spiral keels; of these ribs, 14 occur upon the third and 32 upon the remaining whorls. These ribs render their junction with the spiral cords feebly nodulose. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and the axial ribs are feebly im- pressed, squarish pits. In addition to the above sculpture, the entire surface of the shell is crossed by fine incremental lines and very fine spiral striations. Sutures strongly impressed, with the peripheral cord showing as a slender, smooth band in all but the first two whorls. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a broad, depressed spiral cord which is separated from the first suprasutural cord of the spire by a sulcus as wide as that separating this cord from its posterior neighbor. This groove is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base large, moderately rounded, marked with a slender spiral cord which is a little nearer the peripheral cord than the slender fasciole at the insertion of the columella. Aperture irregularly ovate; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture showing the external sculpture within; columella stout, rather long, twisted and curved;,parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The above description is based on two individuals, one an adult (Cat. No. 153057, U.S.N.M.) collected at the Government Jetty, San Diego, California. This has lost all but the last nuclear whorl, having eight post-nuclear whorls and measuring: Length 5.8 mm., diameter 2.1mm. The other is one of three specimens (Cat. No. 160079 U.S.N.M.) collected at San Diego. This has the nucleus and six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3.2 mm., diameter 1.6 mm. 842, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) STEJNEGERI Dall. Plate 40, fig. 3. Cerithiopsis stejnegeri Datu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1884, pp. 345-346, pl. 2, fig. 4. Shell broadly conic, light chestnut brown, excepting the nucleus and the columella. Nuclear whorls two, strongly rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, marked with three nodulose spiral keels, of which one is at the shouldered summit, another some- what posterior to the suture, while the third is median between the two. The anterior of the three is the stronger and the one at the summit the weakest. These cords are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. In addition to the spiral cords the whorls are marked by very poorly developed, almost vertical axial riblets, the junctions of which with the spiral cords form the nodules. Of these ribs 16 occur upon the second, 18 upon the third, 22 upon the fourth, 24 upon the fifth, and 26 upon the penultimate whorl. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and axial ribs are irregular, shallow, impressed, rounded pits. Sutures strongly constricted, showing the posterior edge of the base. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus which is crossed by the feeble axial riblets; base well rounded, smooth, excepting incremental lines. Aperture broadly ovate; decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered wavy by the external sculpture showing the external sculpture within; columella short, stout, twisted, and curved; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus which extends from the inner edge of the columella to the posterior angle of the aperture. The type (Cat. No. 40932, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Dr. L. Stejneger at Bering Island. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, having lost the nuclear turns and measures: Length 5.5 mm., diameter 2.2 mm. The nuclear whorls were described from a specimen of Cat. No. 195172, U.'S.N.M. Specimens examined. U.S.N.M. ali Number of Cat. No. Locality. specimens. 240939)". Beringulslangd 2 45.04 eek sank ete cena ot ean Rock as eee 161049 | Kyska Harbor, Aleutian Islands, Alaska........-.....-------- 195172 | Amchitka Islands, Aleutian sands VAlaskassessee eee ee ese 2 130625 | Amchitka Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska (low w ater) Sc he 195174 | Constantine Harbor, Aleutian Islands, Alaska........-....---- AGUIOR? sl sedoul el st Rl SRR a ferences meee ee ae en mee 161036 Captains Harbor, Unalaska, Aleutian Islands, Alaska......-.-. 195173 | East side Simeonoff Island, Shumagin Islands, Alaskalec-e sce. Oe PR ROR 1 Type. No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 343 CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) STEJNEGERI DINA, new subspecies. Plate 40, fig. 7. This is the southern representative of C. steynegeri, differing from the species in having the sculpture much more strongly pronounced and in being larger. Three specimens are known (Cat. No. 195175, U.S.N.M.) which come from Sitka, Alaska. The type has three nuclear whorls and seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 7 mm., diameter 2.6 mm. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) NEGLECTA C. B. Adams. Plate 40, fig. 5. ee repeat te C. B. Apams, Ann. N. Y. Lyceum Nat. Hist., vol. 5, 1852, Pp. Shell minute, elongate-conic, dark brown excepting the nuclear whorls, which are white. Nuclear whorls at least four, well rounded, smooth, forming a mucronate apex. Post-nuclear whorls orna- mented with three spiral cords, the first of which is very feeble on the early whorls and even less strong than the other two on the last volution; the second cord is at the posterior termination of the anterior third between the sutures, while the third is a little nearer the suture than the median. The first and second are only about half as far apart as the median and third. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by retractive axial ribs, which are about as strong as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second to fourth, 16 upon the fifth and sixth, and 18 upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form strong, cusped tubercles. Those on the first spiral cord are the weakest and are well rounded; those on the second and third are truncated posteriorly and slope less abruptly anteriorly. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords are elongated pits between the first and second spiral cords, having their long axes parallel to the spiral sculpture, while those between the second and third are strongly impressed, squarish pits. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong, spiral cord, separated from the supra- sutural cord by a sulcus as wide as that which separates the supra- sutural from the median and, like this, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs, which terminate at the posterior edge of the periph- eral cord. Base moderately long, ornamented with two spiral cords. Aperture irregularly subquadrate, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip rendered wavy by the external sculpture, which is apparent within the aperture; columella short, stout, curved, with the free edge reflected; parietal wall covered 344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40, with a thick callus which connects the columella with the posterior angle of the aperture. The specimen described and figured (Cat. No. 211566, U.S.N.M.) is one collected by Prof. C. B. Adams at Panama. It has eight post- nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3.2 mm., diameter 1.1 mm. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) HALIA, new species. Plate 40, fig. 8. Shell small, broadly elongate-conic, chocolate brown. (Early nuclear whorls decollated.) Only the last volution remains, which. is smooth. Post-nuclear whorls strongly shouldered at the summit on the early whorls, ornamented with three spiral cords, of which the first, at the summit, is very poorly developed; the second is situated at the posterior termination of the anterior third between the sutures; while the third, which equals the second, is about halfway between this and the suture. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by decidedly retractive, axial ribs which are almost equal to the spiral cords in strength. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second, 16 upon the third and fourth, 18 upon the fifth, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed by them are elongated pits between the first and second spiral cord, and large, squarish pits between the second and third. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus not quite as broad as that which separates the supraperipheral from the median cord, and crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base short, con- cave, marked by two spiral cords immediately below the peripheral sulcus and by numerous fine, incremental lines. Aperture subquad- rate, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture which is apparent in the aperture; columella short, curved, and twisted, with the free edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. We have seen three specimens of this species, none of them quite mature. Cat. No. 32399, U.S.N.M., contains the type and another specimen from Todos Santos Bay, Lower California. The type has eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 4.5 mm., diameter 2.1mm. The third specimen (Cat. No. 16196, U.S.N.M.) comes from Cape San Lucas, Lower California. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIS) AUREA, new species. Plate 40, fig. 1. Shell elongate-conic, bright, light chestnut brown, excepting the extreme apex, which is wax yellow. Early nuclear whorls decol- lated; the last one only remains and is well rounded and smooth. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit; marked No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSOH. 845 by three nodulose, spiral cords which divide the spaces between the sutures into four equal parts. In addition to the spiral cords, the shell is marked with well-rounded, vertical, axial ribs which extend from the summit to the suture and are as strong as the spiral cords, rendering their intersections with them strongly tuberculate. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first, 18 upon the second to fifth, and 24 upon the penultimate turn. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and axial ribs are deep, squarish pits, except on the last whorl, on which they are rectangular, having their long axes coin- ciding with the axial ribs. Jn addition to the above sculpture, the entire surface of the spire is marked by very fine lines of growth and numerous microscopic, spiral striations. Suture well impressed, in the last two turns showing the posterior edge of the peripheral cord as a slender, raised thread. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong, smooth, spiral cord; the sulcus which separates this keel from the supraperipheral cord is crossed by the strong continua- tions of the axial ribs. Base decidedly concave between the periph- eral cord and the slender, basal fasciole which is at the insertion of the columella; marked by rather strong lines of growth and fine micro- scopic, spiral striations. Aperture broadly ovate; decidedly chan- neled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by the external sculpture which shows strongly within; columella short, very broad at base, curved and somewhat twisted; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type (Cat. No. 16196, U.S.N.M.) has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 7 mm., diameter 2.4mm. It was collected by Xantus at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSINA) NECROPOLITANA, new species. Plate 39, fig. 1. Shell almost cylindro-conic, creamy white. Nuclear whorls two, a little wider than the first post-nuclear whorl succeeding them; first half smooth, the rest marked by strong, slightly retractive, sub- lamellar, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first whorl and 17 upon the second. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, orna- mented with three spiral cords, the first of which is at some little dis- tance below the summit, giving this a decidedly shouldered aspect, while the third is an equal distance posterior to the suture, the second being halfway between the two. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by vertical, axial ribs, almost equaling the spiral cords in strength; of these ribs, 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second to sixth, 18 upon the seventh, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form strong, cusp-like tubercles which are elongate on the first spiral cord, having their long axes parallel to the spiral sculpture, and are suddenly 346 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. truncated posteriorly on the second and third cords, sloping gently anteriorly. The spaces inclosed between :the spiral cords and axial ribs are rectangular pits, having their long axes parallel to the spiral sculpture. The axial ribs extend prominently to the appressed summit of the whorls, forming a series of pits above the first spiral cord. Suture strongly constricted, showing the posterior edge of the base in all the turns. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus not quite as wide as that which separates the second and third cords and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base moderately long, smooth except for incremental lines, the peripheral sulcus giving the posterior edge of the base a decidedly angulated aspect. Aperture irregularly, broadly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle very obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella strongly curved and twisted, the free edge reflected; parietal wall covered with a moder- ately thick callus. The type is a perfect specimen of nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 7.7 mm., diameter 1.8 mm. It and seven addi- tional specimens (Cat. No. 195205, U.S.N.M.) came from the Lower San Pedro Series, Deadmans Island, California. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSINA) ADAMSI, new species. Plate 41, fig. 1. Shell minute, elongate-conic, dark brown. Nuclear whorls three and one-half, of which the first one and one-half are smooth, while the succeeding two are marked by slender, axial riblets, 30 of which occur upon the last and 24 upon the preceding turn. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, marked by three spiral cords, of which the first, which is at the summit, is more poorly developed than the other two, which are equal. These two cords divide the remainder of the whorls between the sutures into three equal areas. In addi- tion to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by axial ribs which are almost as strong as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the second and third, 18 upon the fourth, and 24 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are strongly impressed, rectangular pits. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a broad sulcus which equals the sulcus betwen the supraperipheral and the median cord in width and, like this, is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs, which extend to the posterior edge of the first basal cord. Base moderately long, well rounded, marked by two strong, spiral cords, the stronger of which is immediately below the peripheral sulcus, while the other is a little posterior to the insertion of the columella. Aperture broadly no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 347 oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture, which is apparent within the aperture; columella very short, very broad and curved, with the free edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin. callus. The type (Cat. No. 3775, U.S.N.M.) comes from Panama. It has six postnuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.1 mm., diameter 0.7 mm. Named for the late Prof. C. B. Adams. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIDA) DIEGENSIS, new species. Plate 40, fig. 4. Shell small, broadly elongate-conic, chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls two and one-half; the first half smooth; the next turn has about 20 slender, axial threads; while the last whorl has about 32 axial threads and 2 spiral cords, the first of which is on the middle of the whorl, and the second one about halfway between this and the suture. The early post-nuclear whorls have 2 spiral cords, like the last of the nuclear whorls. Beginning with the third turn, a slender, spiral cord appears immediately anterior to the summit, increasing rapidly in size until, on the last volution, it is about equal to the other two. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by strong, axial ribs equaling the spiral cords in strength. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon all but the penultimate turn, which has 18. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form prominent, cusp-like tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them form large, squarish pits. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong keel, separated from the supraperipheral cord by a sulcus as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral from the median cord and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which terminate at the posterior border of the peripheral cord. Base short, concave, bearing a slender fasciole at the insertion of the columella. Entire surface of spire and base crossed by numerous fine, incremental lines. Aperture subquadrate, very strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture, which is apparent in the aperture; columella short and broad, twisted, the free edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type (Cat. No. 160079, U.S.N.M.) comes from San Diego, California. It is not quite mature, has six post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 4 mm., diameter 1.6mm. Another specimen (Cat. No. 162044, U.S.N.M.) comes from San Clemente Island, California. 348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIDA) ROWELLI, new species. Plate 40, fig. 6. Shell elongate-conic, pale brownish yellow. Nuclear whorls large and tumid extending considerably beyond the lateral outline of the first post-nuclear whorl; the first half volution, smooth, well rounded; the remaining one and a half decidedly inflated, strongly rounded, crossed by very strong acute axial ribs which are about one-third as wide as the strongly impressed intercostal spaces that separate them. Of these ribs, about 17 are on the last turn. Post-nuclear whorls slopingly shouldered, below the appressed summit marked by three tuberculate, spiral keels which divide the spaces between the sutures into four equal rows. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by strong, broad axial ribs, the intersection of which with the spiral keels appear as prominent cusps. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first and second, 18 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth and penultimate turn. The individual tubercles of all three keels are truncated posteriorly and slope gently and regularly to the anterior border. The spaces inclosed by the axial ribs and spiral keels are well impressed, squarish pits. Suture strongly constricted; periph- ery of the last whorl marked by a prominent, smooth keel; base short, almost flat, smooth, excepting lines of growth and a slender fasciole about the base of the columella. Aperture irregularly ovate; decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip rendered decidedly sinuous by the external sculpture; columella very broad at base, somewhat twisted and sinuous, the anterior edge slightly reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type (Cat. No. 15559) was taken from Haliotis by Rowell, exact locality not known. The label bears the legend ‘‘ West coast of North and Middle America.” It probably came from California. It has six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 4.5 mm., diameter 1.8 mm. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIDELLA) COSMIA Bartsch. Plate 38, fig. 7. Cerithiopsis cosmia Bartscu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, pp. 180-181. Shell elongate-conic, variegated with various shades of brown, white, and wax yellow. Nuclear whorls three and one-half, slender, lending the apex a mucronate appearance. First nuclear whorl smooth, sec- ond crossed by feeble axial riblets. The riblets increase considerably in size in the remaining turns, where they are very regularly developed and evenly spaced. These riblets are strongly protractive as they pass from summit to suture, the extremity at the suture being considerably in advance of the extremity at the summit. In addition to the verti- cal riblets, microscopic, crinkly lines appear in the intercostal spaces No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 849 which intersect the riblets in oblique even curves at right angles. The transition from the nuclear to the post-nuclear sculpture is abrupt, the three chief tuberculate spiral keels being present from the very beginning of the first post-nuclear turn. On the first four post- nuclear turns the posterior spiral keel is less developed than the rest, but it increases with each succeeding turn and finally becomes the strongest of the three. The tubercles on the early whorls are almost round and slope abruptly, concavely posteriorly and are gently well rounded anteriorly. On the later whorls they are oblong, with their long axis vertical. Channels separating the spiral keels about as wide as the keels on the early whorls, less so in the later turns, curved by the low, broad, strong, backward-slanting, axial riblets. The spaces between these ribs and the spiral keels appear as rounded pits. Sutures well impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong spiral keel. Base well rounded, marked by three equal and equally spaced, spiral keels separated by equally wide and strong channels. The entire surface of the spire and base are marked by microscopic lines of growth and spiral striations. Aperture sub- quadrate, posterior angle obtuse, decidedly channeled at the junction of the short, thick, somewhat twisted columella and outer lip. This description is based upon two specimens, cotypes, Cat. No. 195196, U.S.N.M. One has the nucleus and eleven post-nuclear whorls, and has furnished the description of the nucleus. This measures: Length 7.3 mm., diameter 2.3 mm. The other has lost its nucleus and probably the first two post-nuclear turns, and meas- ures: Length 9 mm.; diameter 2.9 mm. Specimens examined. Catadate ; Number of lg Locality. specimens. 160870 poritereys Californmiateya seer nactocceertecicch sie ccee aces seaeaee 160677 | Catalina Island, California. 195197 | San Pedro Bay, California 1195196 | Whites Point, San Pedro Bay, California...........- Seat ee eee 195190 | San Pedro Bay, Califommiaeess eAtererc. «aac acnee te eaeciennene 153057a@ | Government Jetty, San Diego, California...................... 198601 amen Bes Californias ais ce tiseees sae fob ere soo bere dean eeeeecns w ROR NN OOH WON wee 195171 | San Diego, California (dredged 12-15 fathoms)..........-.. ee 198 75vem gw outhennt Californias ace serait cic oo niee css ecinwiececeuoe eneine ae 32392 | Todos Santos Bay, Lower California..................-.------ 1 Cotypes. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIDELLA) ANTEFILOSA, new species. Plate 40, fig. 9. Shell elongate-conic, light chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls three and one-half, moderately rounded, separated by a poorly defined suture; the first one smooth, the next two and one-half with slender 850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, closely spaced axial threads and fine, spiral lirations in the inter- costal spaces. Post-nuclear whorls slightly rounded, marked by three tuberculate spiral cords of which the posterior one is at the summit, the anterior at some little distance posterior to the suture, while the third is about median between the two. The posterior cord is very poorly developed on the early whorls, in fact quite absent on the first volution, but grows steadily in size until, in the last volution, it is as strong as the other two. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by vertical axial ribs which are as strong as the spiral cords and render the junction with them tuberculate. Of these ribs, 14 occur upon the first to third, 16 upon the fourth, 18 upon the fifth and sixth, 20 upon the seventh to ninth, 22 upon the tenth, and 24 upon the penultimate turn. The tubercles of the posterior cord are well rounded, that of the median slightly truncated posteriorly, while on the anterior cord they appear truncated in the middle, sloping gently anteriorly and very suddenly posteriorly. Sutures strongly constricted; periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus which is as wide as the spaces that separate the keels on the spire and like them is crossed with the continuations of the axial ribs. Base short, well rounded, marked by four spiral keels which grow gradually weaker and a little closer spaced from the periphery to the umbilical area, the last one forming a slender basal fasciole about the insertion of the columella. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the base is marked by numerous fine incremental lines. Aperture rhomboidal; decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, rendered wavy by the external sculpture; columella moderately long, stout, decidedly curved, and somewhat twisted. The type (Cat. No. 195200, U.S.N.M.) has lost the first two nuclear whorls, the thirteen remaining whorls measuring: Length 6.9 mm., diameter 1.8 mm., and comes from 8 miles off Point Loma Light, California, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries station 4310, and was dredged in 71 to 75 fathoms on gray mud and fine sand bottom. The early nuclear whorls were described from a young specimen (Cat. No. 195201, U.S.N.M.) from Whites Point, San Pedro Bay. Three other specimens (Cat. No. 195202, U.S.N.M.) were dredged in 12 to 15 fathoms off San Diego. CERITHIOPSIS (CERITHIOPSIDELLA) ALCIMA, new species. Plate 39, fig. 2. Shell elongate-conic, chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls three and one-half, small, moderately rounded, separated by a well-impressed suture; the first whorl smooth; the second and third marked by slender, protractive, curved, axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon the second and 20 upon the third. Intercostal spaces about twice as wide as the axial ribs, crossed by about 15 slender, spiral lirations. no. 1823. JTOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 361 Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, appressed at the summit, ornamented with three spiral cords, of which the first is at the summit, which on the first five whorls is scarcely apparent; beginning with the sixth turn, it increases in size until on the last volution it almost equals the other two. The third cord is about as far posterior to the suture as it is from the second cord, which is halfway between the first and third. The spiral cords are not quite as wide as the spaces that separate them. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by low, almost vertical, axial ribs, which are less strong than the spiral cords and render their intersections with these cuspidate. Of the axial ribs, 16 occur upon the second to fourth, 18 upon the fifth and sixth, 20 upon the seventh, 22 upon the eighth, and 24 upon the ninth and penultimate turn. The tubercles formed by the junction of the first cord and the axial ribs are well rounded; those formed by the junction of the median cord and the ribs are truncated anteriorly and posteriorly, sloping a little more gently anteriorly than pos- teriorly; those formed by the junction of the third cord and the ribs are decidedly truncated posteriorly, sloping gently anteriorly. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and the spiral cords are strongly impressed, squarish pits. Suture well marked, showing the posterior edge of the peripheral cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong cord, separated from the supraperipheral cord by a sulcus almost as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral cord from the median and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which terminate at the posterior border of the peripheral cord. Base rather short, concave, marked by two, strong, spiral cords and a slender fasciole, the latter surrounding the columella at its insertion, while the former divides the space between it and the peripheral cord into equal areas. In addition to the above sculpture, the entire base and spire are marked by numerous slender, incremental lines. Aper- ture irregularly subquadrate, strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture, which is apparent in the aperture; columella short, stout, twisted, with the free edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type has ten post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 7.2 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. It and twenty-one additional specimens (Cat. No. 195198, U.S.N.M.) come from Whites Point, San Pedro, California. Cat. No. 195199, U.S.N.M., contains four specimens, also from San Pedro, California. 302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. CERITHIOPSIS EXCELSA Dall. Plate 36, fig. 1. Cerithiopsis excelsus Datu, Prof. Paper No. 59, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1909, p. 75. Shell very large, elongate-conic. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, well rounded, marked by poorly developed, rounded, almost vertical, axial ribs, of which 12 occur upon the first three of the remaining whorls, 14 upon the fourth to sixth, 16 upon the seventh, 20 upon the eighth, 24 upon the ninth, and 32 upon the penultimate turn. In addition to these axial ribs, the shell is provided at irregular intervals with long varices. The spiral sculpture consists of slender cords. These are of several strengths. On the eighth whorl there are four equally strong, which divide the space between the sutures into four subequal parts. The first of these cords is at the summit. In addition to these four there are four more spiral cords, less strong than those just men- tioned, occupying the space midway between the other cords. On the penultimate whorl additional slender threads, which are still weaker, occur between the spirals just mentioned. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords, particularly the stronger, form feeble, rounded nodules. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a spiral cord as strong as the strongest between the sutures. Base well rounded, marked by six equal and equally spaced spiral cords, in the spaces between which a slender spiral thread is present. ‘The aperture is obstructed by the matrix and is strongly channeled anteriorly; outer lip slightly expanded and thickened; columella short and stout. The type (Cat. No. 107400, U.S.N.M.) comes from the Oregonian Eocene of North Fork of Umpqua River, at Schrum’s Ranch, station 2798. It measures: Length 20.5 mm., diameter 6.5 mm. CERITHIOPSIS CURTATA, new species. Plate 36, fig. 3. Shell small, elongate-ovate, light brown. Nuclear whorls decol- lated. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, ornamented with three spiral keels, of which the first is at the summit, the next imme- diately adjacent to it, being separated from it by a strong, incised line only, on all but the last whorl; on this it is a little more distant. The third keel is immediately above the suture. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by slightly retractive, axial ribs which are almost equal to the spiral keels in strength. Of these ribs, 14 occur upon the second, 16 upon the third, 18 upon the fourth, 20 upon the fifth and the penultimate whorl. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral keels form prominent tubercles which are truncated posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly, while the spaces inclosed no. 1828. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 353 between them are moderately large, rounded pits. The last whorl is considerably contracted anteriorly, which gives the oval outline to the shell. Sutures strongly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong, spiral cord, which is smooth. Base moderately produced, bearing a strong, spiral cord at the insertion of the col- umella. Aperture small, irregularly ovate, very strongly channeled anteriorly ; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thick within, thin at the edge, rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella mod- erately long, stout, twisted, revolute and reflected. The type (Cat. No. 195186, U.S.N.M.) has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.5 mm., diameter 1.0 mm. It was dredged at U. S. Bureau of Fisheries station 2813, in 40 fathoms, on coral sand bottom, bottom temperature 81°, off the Galapagos Islands. CERITHIOPSIS FOSSILIS, new species. Plate 38, fig. 3. Shell elongate, subcylindrical. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post- nuclear whorls almost flattened, marked by three equal and equally spaced tuberculated spiral cords, of which one is at the summit, another at some little distance above the periphery, while the third is median between the two. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are crossed by almost vertical axial riblets which are as strong as the spiral cords and render them tubercular at their junction. Of these ribs 26 occur upon the penultimate turn and the one preceding it, 24 on the next two, 22 upon the next, and 20 upon the first of the remaining turns. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and axial ribs are strongly impressed, rounded pits. Sutures moderately constricted, showing the posterior edge of the first basal cord as a slender thread in all of the whorls. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a channel, which is as broad as those that separate the spiral cords on the spire and like them crossed by the continuation of the axialribs. Base short, almost concave near the columella, marked by three equal and equally spaced spiral cords. Aperture (%) de- cidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip frac- tured; columella, stout, curved, and twisted. The type (Cat. No. 195193, U.S.N.M.) has seven whorls remaining, and measures: Length 7.2 mm., diameter 2.6 mm. It comes from the Lower San Pedro Series of Dead Man’s Island, California. CERITHIOPSIS GLORIOSA, new species. Plate 36, fig. 7. Shell elongate-conic, flesh-color, variegated with flecks of brown; the early whorls are light brown, while the base is dark chestnut. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls marked by three 80796°—Proc.N. M.vol.40—11——23 854 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. strong sublamellar keels, which are not quite as wide as the spaces that separate them. The first of these is near to the appressed summit, the third quite a bit anterior to the suture, while the second occupies the space midway between these two. In addition to these keels, the whorls are marked by slightly protractive, axial ribs which are equal to the spiral cords in strength. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first to fifth, 18 upon the sixth, 20 upon the seventh, 22 upon the eighth, 24 upon the ninth, and 26 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form strong, cusp-like tubercles, which are suddenly truncated posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly; the spaces between them are deep, squarish pits. Sutures moderately constricted, showing the peripheral cord on all the turns. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a very strong, spiral keel, the space between which and the first supraperipheral keel is almost as wide as that separating the supraperipheral keel from the median, and, like that, is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which extend prominently to the posterior termination of the peripheral keel. Base marked by a slender, basal fasciole which surrounds the insertion of the columella, the space between the fasciole and the peripheral cord being concave. Aperture irregularly oval, very strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered decidedly sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture; columella short and stout, the edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type (Cat. No. 213301, U.S.N.M.) comes from California with- out definite designation of locality. It has eleven post-nuclear whorls (having lost the nucleus and probably the first post-nuclear turn) and measures: Length 8.6 mm., diameter 2.4 mm. . CERITHIOPSIS COLUMNA Carpenter. Plate 36, fig. 6. Cerithiopsis columna CARPENTER, Rept. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci., 1864, p. 660; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 32. Shell elongate-conic, light chestnut brown. (Karly whorls decol- lated.) Succeeding turns very slightly rounded, marked by three tuberculate spiral keels, of which one is at the summit, another a little above the periphery, and a third a little nearer the posterior than its supra-sutural neighbor. These keels are separated by spiral grooves, which are only about one-third as wide as the keels. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by almost vertical axial ribs, which are about two-thirds as strong as the spiral cords and very closely spaced. Of these, 16 occur upon the second and third, 18 upon the fourth, 22 upon the fifth and sixth, 24 upon the seventh, 26 upon the eighth and 32 upon the penultimate turn. The narrow spaces inclosed between the ribs and spiral cords appear as small, No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 355 well impressed, rounded pits. Suture moderately constricted, show- ing the posterior edge of the first basal keel in the early whorls. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus as wide as those that separate the keels on the spire, and the continuation of the axial ribs. Base short, well rounded, marked with three slender spiral keels which are situated on the posterior two-thirds and separated by shallow channels. The first of these is crossed by slender continua- tions of the axial ribs. The space immediately about the base of the columella is free of sculpture excepting fine, incremental lines. Aper- ture subquadrate, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; col- umella very broad at base, stout, somewhat twisted and curved and the edge reflected. Doctor Carpenter’s type (Cat. No. 148236, U.S.N.M.) was collected by i G. Swan at Neah Bay, Washington, and measures: Length 9.2 mm., diameter 2.6 mm. Specimens examined. Catalogue ae Number of Nee Locality. specimens. 1 14823b | Neah Bay, Washington.......-...-. Ree ae aes ete ise oferty 1 Sees. ae Vancouver [slandeos2.csc.cn- ences = Sa ee eee anes 3 14828¢e | Monterey, California......-......----.---- boas Se naes Sane hae 1 S2595)) |p Montery. carport, Califormigay.oo\-\jes-sisisite 215 = t= = rinse aiel= == viene 2 56007 | Monterey, Cuillgmlah eid ecmens PIS Ti as hale ee eee 3 1 Type. CERITHIOPSIS INFREQUENS C. B. Adams. Plate 37, fig. 1. Cerithium infrequens C. B. Apams, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, 1852, p. 383. Shell small, broadly elongate-conic, blackish-red. Nuclear whorls five, well-rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls marked by three strong, spiral cords which are about half as wide as the spaces that separate them. The first of these is a little anterior to the summit, and the second is a little nearer the first than the third, which is about as far removed from the second as it is from the suture. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by decidedly retractive, axial ribs which are about as wide as the cords. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the second, 14 upon the third, 16 upon the fourth and fifth, 18 upon the sixth and seventh, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form well- rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are deep, rounded pits. Suture strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus as wide as that which separates the third from the second cord and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the 356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. axial ribs which terminate at the posterior border of the first basal keel. Base moderately long, somewhat concave, marked by three strong, sublamellar keels, the first of which borders the peripheral sulcus, while the other two are a little less strong and situated close together on the middle of the base. Aperture large, subquadrate, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture which is apparent within the aperture; columella moderately long, curved, and twisted. The type, which is at Amherst College, Massachusetts, has nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3,25 mm., diameter 1.13 mm. It and another specimen were collected by Prof. C. B. Adams at Panama. CERITHIOPSIS PARAMOEA, new species. Piate 38, fig. 4. Shell moderately large, broadly elongate-conic, brown. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, ornamented with three nodulose, spiral cords which are about as wide as the spaces that separate them. The first of these is at the summit, the third is on the anterior fourth between the sutures, while the second is halfway between the two. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by axial ribs almost equalling the spiral cords‘in strength; of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first and second, 18 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth, 22 upon the fifth, and 32 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form nodules which on the early whorls are well rounded and on the last elongate, their long axes corresponding with the axial sculpture. The spaces inclosed between them are well rounded pits. Sutures moderately impressed, showing the posterior edge of the first basal cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus almost as wide as that separating the supraperipheral from the median cord, and, like it, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base well rounded, smooth except for the feeble cord immediately below the peripheral sulcus. Aperture irregularly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered somewhat sinuous by the external sculpture; columella short, curved, with the free edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type (Cat. No. 15582, U.S.N.M.) comes from Neah Bay, Washington. It has lost the nucleus and probably the first one and a half post-nuclear turns. The eight remaining whorls measure: Length 6.3 mm., diameter 2.1 mm. No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 357 CERITHIOPSIS BICOLOR, new species. Plate 38, fig. 6. Shell small, elongate-conic, white, excepting the base of the posterior row of tubercles which is light brown. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls flat, marked by three spiral rows of tubercles, of which one is at the summit of the whorls, another immediately above the peripheral sulcus, and the third a little nearer the one at the summit than its anterior neighbor. These tubercles are con- nected by narrow bands into a spiral cord and axially by slender riblets, the two inclosing well-impressed squarish pits. Of these tubercles, 16 occur upon the first four of the remaining turns, 18 upon the fifth to seventh, and 20 upon the eighth and the penul- timate turn. Suture strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a slender spiral cord. Base smooth. Aperture rhomboidal, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture, columella short, strong and twisted. The type has lost the nucleus and several of the early post-nuclear whorls; the ten remaining measure: Length 4 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. The type and three specimens “(Cat. No. 195214, U.S.N.M.) were dredged at U.S. Bureau of Fisheries station 2813 in 40 fathoms on coral sand bottom, bottom temperature 81° off Galapagos Islands. CERITHIOPSIS ARNOLDI, new species. Plate 39, fig. 3. Shell elongate-conic. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) The post- nuclear whorls slightly rounded, ornamented by three tuberculate spiral keels of which one is at the summit, the anterior at some little distance above the suture, and the third halfway between the two. The posterior of these three keels is much weaker than the other two on the early turns, but gradually increases in size until on the last volution it is practically equal to them. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by somewhat protractive axial ribs, which are about as strong as the spiral keels and render them tuber- culate at their junction. Of these ribs, 14 occur upon the first of the remaining turns, 16 upon the third, 18 upon the fourth, 20 upon the fifth, 22 upon the sixth, 24 upon the seventh and eighth, and 26 upon the penultimate turn. The spaces inclosed between the ribs and spiral cords are strongly impressed rounded pits. Sutures moderately constricted, showing the posterior edge of the first basal cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a deep sulcus, as wide as those occurring between the spiral cords on the spire and, like them, crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base very short, almost flattened, somewhat concave near the columella, 358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, marked by two spiral cords of which the first is immediately below the peripheral sulcus, while the next, which is less strong, is sepa- rated from it by a narrow channel. The anterior limit of this cord is a mere impressed line. There is another impressed line a little anterior to this one. Aperture decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse (outer lip fractured); columella short, stout, curved, and slightly twisted. The type (Cat. No. 195195, U.S.N.M.) has nine and a half post- nuclear whorls remaining and measures: Length 5.4 mm., diameter 1.8 mm. It comes from San Pedro Bay, California Named for Dr. Ralph Arnold. CERITHIOPSIS MAGELLANICA, new species. Plate 38, fig. 8. Shell broadly elongate-conic, light brown. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, not shouldered, well rounded, ornamented with three low, broad, spiral keels, which are at least twice as wide as the spaces that separate them. The first of these keels is a little below the summit, the second is median, and the third a little anterior to the suture. The middle keel is about one and one-fourth times as wide as the other two, which are equal. In addition to this spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by decidedly curved, somewhat retractive, low, rounded, axial ribs. Of these, 20 occur upon the second of the remaining turns, 24 upon the third, 26 upon the fourth and fifth, 28 upon the sixth, and 30 upon the penultimate turn. The junc- tions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form low, elongated tubercles, which have their long axes parallel with the axial sculpture. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords are shallow, rounded pits. Sutures moderately constricted, showing the basal cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a slender groove as wide as those separating the first supraperipheral cord from the median and, like them, crossed by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs. Base of the last whorl well rounded, marked by at least two low, very feeble, broad, spiral cords on the posterior half; the anterior half apparently smooth. Aperture quite large, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella very curved and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type has the last eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 8.5 mm., diameter 2.5 mm. It and another specimen (Cat. No. 96224, U.S.N.M.) come from the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries station 2778, in 61 fathoms, sand bottom, bottom temperature 48°, from the Straits of Magellan. no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 359 CERITHIOPSIS ANTEMUNDA, new species. Plate 36, fig. 4. Shell elongate-conic, brown. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post- nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, very slightly rounded, marked by three spiral cords, of which the first—which is at a little distance anterior to the summit—is obsolete on the first four whorls, giving them a decidedly shouldered appearance, while on the last turn it is almost equal to the other two. The second cord is a little posterior to the middle between the sutures, while the third one is a little posterior to the suture. The spaces between these spiral cords are about double the width of the spiral cords. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by slender, well rounded, retractive axial ribs, equaling the spiral cords in strength. Of these ribs, 14 occur upon the first to fourth, 16 upon the fifth and sixth, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are strongly impressed, squarish pits. Sutures strongly channeled, showing the posterior edge of the peripheral cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong, spiral cord, which is separated from the supraperipheral cord by a sulcus as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral from the median cord, and like it is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs, which extend to the posterior edge of the peripheral cord. Base concave, with a slender fasciole surrounding the insertion of the columella and marked axially with fine, incremental lines, which also extend over the entire surface of the spire. Aperture sub- quadrate, strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle decidedly obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture; columella stout, twisted, with the edge reflected; parietal wall covered with a thin callus. The type and another specimen (Cat. No. 195188, U.S.N.M.) come from San Pedro Bay, California. The type has lost the nucleus. The eight whorls remaining measure: Length 5 mm., diameter 1.9 mm. Another specimen (Cat. No. 213313, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 2932 in 20 fathoms on sand bottom, bottom temperature 58°, off San Diego, California. CERITHIOPSIS DIOMEDEZ, new species. Plate 37, fig. 5. Shell small, elongate-conic, brown. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls with a strongly channeled suture in which the posterior edge of the peripheral cord is apparent on all the whorls; marked by three spiral cords, of which the first is considerably weaker than the other two and is situated at the summit, rendering this some- 360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. what shouldered; the third is about as far posterior to the suture as it is removed from the median, while the second is halfway between the first and third. The spaces between the spiral cords are equal and about one and one-half times as wide as the cords. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by well-rounded, slender, protractive, axial ribs which are almost equal to the spiral cords in strength. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first, 18 upon the second to fourth, 20 upon the fifth and sixth, and 24 upon the penulti- mate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form moderately strong, rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are rectangular pits having their long axes parallel with the spiral sculpture. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong, spiral cord which is separated from the supraperipheral cord by a channel as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral cord from the median and, like it, is crossed by the axial ribs which ter- minate at the posterior edge of the peripheral cord. Base very long, concave, marked by incremental lines and a single, obsolete fasciole a little posterior to the insertion of the columella. Aperture irrecu- larly oval; posterior angle very obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within by transmitted light, rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture; columella long, curved and twisted, the edge reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thick callus. The type and another specimen (Cat. No. 213302, U.S.N.M.) were dredged by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 3566 in 3 fathoms on sand and shell bottom, bottom temperature 58°, in San Diego Bay, California. The type has lost the early nuclear whorls, only a portion of the last remaining. It has eight post- nuclear whorls and measures: Length 4.3 mm., diameter 1.5 mm. CERITHIOPSIS WILLIAMSONI Arnold. Plate 39, fig. 6. Bittium williamsoni ARNoLD, Mem. California Acad. Sci , vol. 3, 1903, p. 295, pl. 6, figs 1: Shell minute, elongate-ovate. Post-nuclear whorls ornamented with three spiral cords, of which the first, which is the weakest, is at the summit; the second is considerably nearer to the one at the summit than the third, which is about halfway between the second and the suture. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked with slender, almost vertical, axial ribs, of which about 16 occur upon the first and second, 18 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth, and 22 upon the penultimate whorl. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles, those on the median cord appearing somewhat truncated anteriorly and poste- riorly. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and axial ribs are squarish pits. Sutures moderately constricted, showing the pos- no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 861 terior edge of the peripheral cord. Periphery marked by a strong spiral cord which is separated from the supraperipheral cord by a sulcus as wide as that which separates the supraperipheral cord from the median and, like it, crossed by the extensions of the axial ribs, which terminate at the posterior edge of the peripheral cord. Base slightly concave, with two strong spiral cords. Aperture broadly, irregularly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; columella somewhat curved and iwisted, with the free edge reflected. Doctor Arnold’s type, which came from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, was lost in transit to the U. 8. National Museum, had seven post-nuclear whorls and measured: Length 2.5 mm., diameter 1 mm. Named for Mrs. M. Burton Williamson, of Los Angeles, California. CERITHIOPSIS TRUNCATA Dall. Plate 40, fig. 2. Cerithiopsis stejnegeri truncata Dau, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 9, 1886, p. 304, pl. 4, fig. 5. Shell wax yellow. (Nucleus and early whorls decollated.) The four remaining well rounded, ornamented with three tuberculate spiral keels of which the median is the strongest; the weakest is at the sum- mit, which it crenulates. The last is midway between the suture and the median cord. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by low, well rounded, vertical, axial ribs, the intersection of which with the spiral cord renders them feebly tuberculate. Of these ribs, 30 occur upon the penultimate whorl and 22 upon the preceding turns. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and the axial ribs are squarish, well impressed pits. A slender thread of the base is apparent in the somewhat constricted suture. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus which is about as wide as the spaces between the first and median cord and is crossed by feeble continu- ations of the axial ribs. Base short, well rounded, with a slender fasciole at the insertion of the columella; entire surface of spire and base crossed by rather strong, incremental lines and numerous fine spiral striations; aperture broadly ovate; decidedly channeled anteri- orly ; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered wavy by the external sculpture; columella short, very broad, curved; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus which extends from the columella to the posterior angle. ; The type (Cat. No. 213303, U.S.N.M.) and two specimens were collected in the canals of sponges at Unalaska. The type measures: Length 3.1 mm., diameter 1.9 mm. Nine specimens (Cat. No. 213304, U.S.N.M.) collected at the same locality under similar conditions. Doctor Dall noted when he collected the specimens that 362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, | the apices, though intact, were of a gelatinous consistency, and, when removed from the alcohol in which the shells were preserved, dried up, shriveled, and fell off. CERITHIOPSIS STEPHENS Bartsch. Plate 39, fig. 7. Cerithiopsis stephensi Bartscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1909, pp. 399-400, fig. Shell elongate-conic, chocolate brown. (Nuclear whorls decol- lated in all the specimens seen.) Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, ornamented spirally by four keels between the sutures, of which the posterior three are strong and tuberculate, the fourth smooth and slender. Axially the whorls are marked by irregular ribs, the junctions of which with the spiral keels form tubercles. The posterior row of tubercles is at the summit and is the weakest, the individuals appearing as rounded knobs. The second is on the middle of the whorl. This and the first, which is immediately above the peripheral sulcus, have their tubercles of about equal strength. On these two keels the tubercles slope gently anteriorly and very abruptly posteri- orly. The peripheral sulcus and the other two sulci are equally strong and wide. All are crossed by the ribs, which, however, do not extend over the base. Both spiral cords and ribs are crossed by strong incremental lines. Sutures constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a deep channel. Base well rounded, rather short, marked by strong incremental lines and a few very fine spiral striations. The summit of the succeeding whorl drops a little below the peripheral sulcus in all the whorls of the spire and allows a nar- row margin of the smooth base to appear as a cord in the suture. Aperture ovate, with a strong anterior sinus, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella stout, twisted and curved, having a weak basal fasciole at its insertion. Type.—Cat. No. 204008, U.S.N.M. It has twelve post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 9 mm., diameter 2.1 mm. It and two additional specimens in Mrs. Kate Stephens’s collection were collected by her at Bear Bay, Peril Strait, Baranoff Island, Alaska. Four more were collected by her at Mole Harbor, Alaska, one of which is in the collection of the U.S. National Museum (Cat. No. 204009). Another in her collection comes from the head of Port Frederick, Chichagoff Island, Alaska. Cat. No. 126659, U.S.N.M., contains three specimens from Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Cat. No. 133233, U.S.N.M., contains five specimens from Port Orchard, Puget Sound, Wash- ington, Named for Mrs. Kate Stephens, of San Diego, California. No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CHERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 363 CERITHIOPSIS MONTEREYENSIS, new species. Plate 41, fig. 5. Shell small, broadly conic, ight brown. (Nuclear whorls decol- lated.) Post-nuclear whorls marked by three spiral cords, the first of which (which is very poorly developed, in fact almost obsolete on the early whorls) is at the summit, while the next is separated from it by a narrow channel, the third being about as far posterior to the suture as the second is from the first, and the space between the second and third being double the width of that between the first and second. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by vertical, axial ribs which are equal to the spiral cords in strength. Of these ribs, 15 occur upon the second and third, 16 upon the fourth and fifth, 18 upon the sixth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form cusp-like tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are very elongate rectangular pits between the first and second spiral cord, and strongly impressed, squarish pits between the second and third. Suture well impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a narrow keel which is separated from the supraperipheral keel by a sulcus as wide as that separating the first from the second spiral cord, and crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which terminate at its posterior border. Base short, slightly rounded, ornamented with three nar- row, spiral keels, of which the first two are much stronger than the other. These keels are equally spaced between the periphery and the middle of the base, which is occupied by the last one.’ In addi- tion to the above sculpture, the entire surface of spire and base is marked by numerous, fine incremental lines. Aperture subquadrate, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered strongly wavy by the external sculpture, which is apparent in the aperture; columella short, stout, curved and decidedly twisted, the free edge reflected: parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type (Cat. No. 32395, U.S.N.M.) comes from Monterey Harbor, California. It has eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3.2 mm., diameter 1.3 mm. CERITHIOPSIS INGENS Bartsch. Plate 41, fig. 4. Bittium quadrifilatuwm ingens Barrscu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 180. Shell large, elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls slightly shouldered at the summit, moderately well rounded, marked on the first three turns by three spiral cords. On the fourth turn a fourth cord makes its appearance at the summit, rapidly increasing in strength until on the last three whorls it is quite equal to the other cords. These spiral cords are almost as wide as 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. the spaces which separate them. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by rather poorly developed, rounded, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second, 18 upon the third and fourth, 20 upon the fifth and sixth, 22 upon the seventh and eighth, and 24 upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the spiral cords and axial ribs form rather rounded cusps which slope more gently anteriorly than posteriorly, while the spaces inclosed between them are rather shallow, quadrangular pits having their long axes parallel with the spiral sculpture. Sutures moderately con- stricted, showing the posterior edge of the first basal cord. In addi- tion to the above sculpture, the entire surface of the spire is marked by very slender lines of growth and, on the last whorl, by very slender, intercalated, spiral lirations between the cords. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a channel equal to the space between the cords on the spire. Base moderately long, well rounded, ornamented with six, strong, spiral keels which decrease regularly in size and spacing from the periphery to the columella. Aperture irregularly oval, strongly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered decidedly wavy at the edge by the external sculpture; columella moderately long, somewhat twisted, and reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The type (Cat. No. 32213, U.S.N.M.) comes from Monterey, California. It has lost the nucleus and probably the first post- nuclear turn; the ten remaining turns measure: Length 12.5 mm., diameter 4:2 mm. CERITHIOPSIS TUMIDA Bartsch. Plate 41, fig. 3. Bittium tumidum Bartscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, pp. 179-180. Shell medium size, light yellowish-brown, shining. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls somewhat inflated, well rounded, separated by a constricted suture and ornamented with strong tuberculate axial ribs, of which there are 18 upon the second of the remaining whorls and 22 upon the penultimate turn. In addition to the axial ribs there are four, unequally broad, low, spiral ridges between the sutures, which are much wider than the spaces which separate them, the latter appearing as strongly incised lines. The intersection of these ridges and the ribs form the tubercles. The whorls slope gently from the second spiral ridge toward the summit and the first row of tubercles, which is only feebly developed and is located on the sloping shoulder. The second set of tubercles are rounded, while the third and fourth rows are decidedly elongated. Periphery of the last turn marked by a strong smooth spiral keel, which is separated from the supraperipheral heal by a mere constric- tion. Base rather short,without keel, marked only by lines of growth. No. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. 3865 Aperture suboval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella short, very broad, and slightly expanded at the insertion, a little lighter in color than the rest of the shell; provided with a strong callus on its inner edge which is reflected over the parietal wall. The type (Cat. No. 74001, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Canfield at Monterey, California. It has eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 4.2 mm., diameter 1.7 mm. A second immature specimen (Cat. No. 23261, U.S.N.M.) is in the Stearns collection, also from Monterey, California. CERITHIOPSIS PERUVIANA Orbigny. Plate 41, fig. 2. Cerithium peruvianum OrBiIaNy, Voy. Amer. Mérid., 1840, p. 443, pl. 77, figs. 9 and 10. Shell broadly elongate-conic, grayish-brown. Nuclear whorls small, at least two. Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, orna- mented with four nodulose, spiral cords, of which the first (which is at the summit) is much smaller than the rest, the other three being subequal. On the last two turns the first basal cord is apparent in the suture. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by low, axial ribs, which are about as wide as the spiral cords. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the first and second, 14 upon the third, 18 upon the fourth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form well-developed tubercles. Sutures moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a feeble, tuberculated, spiral cord. Base slightly concave in the middle, marked by five broad, low, rounded cords, which decrease regularly in size from the periphery to the columella. Aperture rather large, irreg- ularly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; columella very stout, twisted, and reflected; parietal wall covered with a thin callus. Orbigny’s type came from the shore near Arica, Peru. It has six post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 7 mm., diameter 2 mm. CERITHIOPSIS DESTRUGESI De Folin. Plate 41, fig. 6. Cerithium destrugest DE Fourn, Le Meleagrinicoles, 1867, p. 71, pl. 6, fig. 12. Shell elongate-conic; early whorls yellow, the later ones darker. Karly post-nuclear whorls ornamented with four spiral keels, which are much wider than the spaces that separate them. Of these, the one at the summit and the third are of equal size and considerably less strong than the other two, which are also equal. On the last six turns the third cord becomes divided, the anterior portion being a little stronger than its neighbor. In addition to the spiral sculpture 366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. the whorls are marked by somewhat retractive, broad, axial ribs, which render the junctions with the sprial cords strongly cuspidate. Of these ribs, about 12 occur on the first to fifth, 14 upon the sixth, 18 upon the seventh to tenth, 20 upon the eleventh and twelfth, and 22 upon the penultimate whorl. Suture moderately constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a slender sulcus, which is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs. Base moderately long, concave, ornamented with four strong, rounded, spiral cords, the first of which is immediately below the peripheral sulcus, and the last surrounds the insertion of the columella. These cords grow succes- sively weaker from the periphery to the columella. Aperture irregu- larly subquadrate, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; colu- mella rather long, curved and twisted, the free edge reflected. De Folin’s type was taken from pearl oysters which are said to have come from Panama or Negritos Island. (The last may be intended for Negros Island, Philippines.) It has 14 whorls, and meas- ures: Length 6 mm., diameter 1.8 mm. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. The measurements cited after each species constitute the actual length of the figured specimen. PLATE 36. Fig. 1. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) excelsa; type; 20.5 mm.; p. 352. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) oxys; type; 3.5 mm.; p. 332. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) curtata; type; 2.5 mm.; p. 352. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) antemunda; type; 5mm.; p. 359. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) fatua; type; 6mm.; p. 331. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) columna; type; 9.2 mm.; p. 354. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) gloriosa; type; 8.6 mm.; p. 353. Naor wb PLATE 37. Fig. 1. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) infrequens; type; 3.25 mm.; p. 355. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) sorex; type; 1.6 mm.; p. 333. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) albonodosa; type; p. 337. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) abreojosensis; type; 2.3 mm.; p. 338. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) diomedex; type; 4.3 mm.; p. 359. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) cerea; type; 2.4 mm.; p. 333. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) tuberculoides; type; 3.75 mm.; p. 336. Noort Wh PLATE 38. E>! ar 10°) — . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) pupiformis; cotype; 1.9 mm.; p. 337. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) pedroana; cotype; 5.2 mm.; p. 335. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) fossilis; type; 7.2 mm.; p. 353. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) paramea; type; 6.3 mm.; p. 356. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) pupiformis; cotype; p. 337. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) bicolor; type; 4mm.; p. 357. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) cosmia; cotype; 9 mm.; p. 348. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) magellanica; type; 8.5 mm.; p. 358. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) carpenteri; cotype; 8.1 mm.; p. 334. Oot mS or & Lb no. 1823. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS—BARTSCH. Fig. Fig. Fig. SCOnN DOP OD HS aor WN EH PLATE 39. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsina) necropolitana; type; 7.7 mm.; p. 345. il 2. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) aleima; type; 7.2 mm.; p. 350. ‘3. Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) arnoldi; type; 5.4 mm.; p. 357. 4. Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) galapagensis; type; 2.4 mm.; p. 340. 5. 6 7 8 Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) cesta; cotype; 5.8 mm.; p. 341. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) williamsoni; type; 2.5 mm.; p. 360. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) stephensx; type; 9 mm.; p. 362. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) berryi; type; 3.4mm.; p. 339. Puate 40. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) aurea; type; 7 mm.; p. 344. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) truncata; type; 3.1 mm.; p. 361. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) stejnegeri; type; 5.5 mm.; p. 342. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsida) diegensis; type; 4mm.; p. 347. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) neglecta; type; 3.2 mm.; p. 343. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsida) rowelli; type; 4.5 mm.; p. 348. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) stejnegert dina; type; 7 mm.; p. 343. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) halia; type; 4.5 mm.; p. 344. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) antefilosa; 6.9 mm.; p. 349. Puate 41. . Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsina) adamsi; type; 2.1 mm.; p. 346. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) peruviana; type; 7 mm.; p. 365. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) tumida; type; 4.2 mm.; p. 364. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) ingens; type; 12.5 mm.; p. 363. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) montereyensis; type; 3.2 mm.; p. 363. . Cerithiopsis (subgenus?) destrugesi; type; 6 mm.; p. 365. 367 ee a ate ony U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 36 WeEsT AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS. FOR EXPLANATICN OF PLATE SEE PAGE 366. ee ire y a a las S ee ps 4 -_ ari ins ¥ 4 ; J U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 37 \ West AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 366. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 38 WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 366. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 39 Pe eer *) Then y 2 Was * * WesT AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 367 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 40 \ WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 367. U..S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL 4 WeEsT AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CERITHIOPSIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 367 5 Gill NOTES ON THE GENUS LEPOMIS. - By Barron A. Bran and ALFrep C. WEED, Of the Division of Fishes, U. S. National Museum. This group of fresh-water sunfishes has been variously divided by different authors. It has been separated into at least eleven nominal genera, distinguished mainly by the presence or absence of a sup- plemental maxillary and by the shape of the lower pharyngeal bones, the character of their teeth, the length and shape of the pectoral fin, and the presence or absence of a red spot on the opercular flap. Two of the later authors who have worked on this subject, McKay ! and. Bollman? decided that they should be included under one generic name, Lepomis, and that the others are not tenable. On the other hand, Forbes and Richardson * decided that the species must be divided between the genera Lepomis Rafinesque and Eupo- motis Gill and Jordan, and after a careful examination of a consid- erable series of pharyngeal bones and teeth we were inclined to agree with the latter. An examination of the pharyngeal bones of of the type-specimens of Lepomis euryorus McKay and of Bryttus albulus Girard, however, makes it evident that these two nominal genera are not separable, as these specimens show a complete inter- gradation between the characters of the two. The character of the presence or absence of a supplemental max- illary has no value, as this bone is present or absent in individuals of the same species, and, when present, the size is extremely variable in fishes of the same species from the same locality. (See pls. 42 and 43.) In the typical EHupomotis the pharyngeal bones are broad, and the teeth are large and blunt. This character is subject to much variation. In the two specimens of Lepomis holbrookii illustrated, obtained in the Center Market in Washington, which are presum- ably from the same general locality (North or South Carolina), 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1881, p. 88. 2Rept. U.S. Fish Comm., 1888 [1892], pp. 557-580. 3 Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, pp. 27-32, published in 1904. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1824. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol. 40—11——-24 369 370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vo. 40. and show no other important differences, there is considerable varia- tion in the width of the bones, in their relative thickness, and in the size and arrangement of the teeth. In the two specimens illus- trated, which were identified as Lepomis heros, but which do not agree very closely with the type, especially in depth of body, this difference is even more marked. These two specimens were from the same section of Indiana and showed no variations except those due to slight difference of age. In both of these species the pharyn- geal bones are much heavier than in Lepomis gibbosus, which, how- ever, has the largest and bluntest teeth of the group. In the type of Lepomis heros the pharyngeal teeth and bones are much more like those of Lepomis gibbosus than are those in the Indiana speci- mens. The main characters given by Forbes and Richardson for the separation of these two groups are not so much the size of the teeth but more especially the shape of the outer edge and lower surface of the pharyngeal bones. In Lepomis this edge is straight, while in Hupomotis it has more or less of a sigmoid curve. In Lepomis the lower surface of the bone is straight or concave, while in Eupomotis it is more or less convex, and the bone is usually much heavier. In both of these characters Bryttus albulus and Lepomis euryorus are intermediate, as they are in size and bluntness of the teeth. Small specimens of pee gibbosus and Lepomis pallidus* when taken from the same waters can not be distinguished, unless they are large enough to show the adult coloration. In order to determine whether the character of the form of the pharyngeal bones was likewise difficult of application to young individuals, we examined several small Lepomis gibbosus obtained for us at Ithaca, New York, where this species alone is found, and compared their pharyngeal bones with those of young of both species taken in Sodus Bay, Wayne County, New York. The specimens used for comparison were about 1 inch 24 em.) long, and it was necessary to use a compound microscope in examining the pharyngeals. It was found that although the bones were narrower in young Lepomis gibbosus than in adults, nevertheless they were broader than in Lepomis pallidus of the same size and that the teeth in Lepomis gibbosus were much heavier. The pharyngeal bones and teeth are similar in form and structure in Xystroplites gillit Jordan and Bryttus albulus Girard, but there are slight differences in the size of the scales and in proportional measurements which have caused us to leave them for the present under separate specific names, Lepomis gilli (Jordan) and Lepomis albulus (Girard) until an examination of a long series of specimens shall show whether they are or are not distinct species. The pharyn- 1 We are unable to satisfy ourselves of the exact status of the name pallidus and retainit in accordance with current usage until a proper decision can be reached. no. 1824. NOTES ON THE GENUS LEPOMIS—BEAN AND WEED. 371 geal bones and teeth of the type of Calliurus murinus Girard are much heavier than those of Lepomis cyanellus. They more closely resemble Lepomis euryorus McKay. We do not have the material available to determine the status of Pomotis pallidus Agassiz which has been assigned to the genus Eupomotis by Jordan and Evermann. Lepomis cyanellus, the type of the genus Apomotis has the pharyn- geal bones thinner and lighter than in any of the other sunfishes examined. The teeth, however, are heavier than in some other species. (See pl. 50.) Lepomis auritus, the type of the genus Lepomis, has the pharyn- geal bone heavier than in Lepomis cyanellus, with the teeth about the same. (See pl. 48.) Lepomis pallidus has the pharyngeal bone rather lighter than in Lepomis auritus, but heavier than in Lepomis cyanellus. The teeth, however, are finer than those of any other species which we have examined. (See pl. 49.) In Lepomis megalotis the pharyngeal bones are similar to those of Lepomis pallidus and the teeth are somewhat heavier. (See pl. 50.) Lepomis albulus has the pharyngeal bone about as heavy as in Lepomis auritus but the teeth considerably thicker and blunter. (See pl. 48.) Lepomis euryorus has the pharyngeal teeth about as in Lepomis albulus, but the bone is heavier and broader and begins to show the condition which Richardson describes for Hupomotis. (See pl. 47.) Lepomis holbrookit has the pharyngeal bone very heavy and the teeth quite variable, but usually half of them, or a little less than half, round molars. (See pls.42 and 43.) (Note variations in supplemental maxillary.) The teeth of the type specimen of Lepomis heros are large molars over practically the entire surface of the bone, which is broad but not especially thick, much as in Lepomis gibbosus. Two specimens from Indiana, labeled as this species, had the bones very broad and thick as in Lepomis holbrookiwi, but with a larger proportion of molar teeth. (See pls. 44, 45, and 47.) Lepomis gibbosus, the type of the genus Hupomotis of Gill and Jor- dan, has the pharyngeal bone very broad with very large molar teeth. The bone, however, is rather thin as compared with that of Lepomis holbrookw. (See pl. 46.) The genus Lepomis seems to us to be most certainly a natural group. ‘The species are so similar in squamation, coloring, number of fin rays, and proportions that with a few well-marked exceptions, perhaps only one exception (Lepomis gibbosus), it requires much experience and long study to separate species. Adult specimens of 372 PROCEEDINGS OF THH NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Lepomis gibbosus in bright color can be almost always identified at sight, but this can not be said of the others. Below we give a list of some of the prominent writers who have treated more or less at length of the sunfishes: ). 8S. Rafinesque! did not mention pharyngeal teeth in his diagnoses of the genera Lepomis, Pomotis, and Apomotis. Later (1819-1821) the same author? proposed the names Calliurus, Ichthelis (= Lepomis), and Telipomis (= Apomotis) giving various unimportant characters in his diagnoses, but making no mention of pharyngeal bones or teeth or any other structural distinctions. | Cuvier and Valenciennes? give paved pharyngeal teeth as one of the principal characters of the genus Pomotis. In a revision of the generic characters in the seventh volume (1831) this is not mentioned and is evidently not considered. J. P. Kirtland, in his notes on fishes of the Ohio River,‘ does not mention pharyngeal bones in the descriptions. Charles Girard did not use this character in his diagnoses of several genera of Centrarchide in Fishes of the Pacific Railroad Survey (1858) and Fishes of the Mexican Boundary Survey (1859). John Edwards Holbrook in the Ichthyology of South Carolina (1860) defines the genus Pomotis (= Eupomotis Gill and Jordan) on page 7, and Ichthelis (= Lepomis Rafinesque), page 12. He seems to have been the first author to have used the character of the pharyn- geal teeth as the major difference between groups of sunfishes. We quote his diagnosis in full: GENUS POMOTIS.—Rajinesque. Cuaracters: Pre-opercle more or less denticulated; opercle with a membranous appendix at its angle; intermaxillary, vomerine, and inferior maxillary teeth villiform; tongue and palate bones smooth, or without teeth; pharyngeal teeth paved; dorsal fin single; anal with three spines; branchiostegal rays, six. GENUS ICHTHELIS.—Rafinesque. CHARACTERS: Body elliptical or oval, much more compressed; mouth small, armed with small teeth; pharynqeal teeth not paved; branchiostegal rays, six. This is a change from the first edition (1855) where all the species | are grouped in the genus Pomotis, which is thus defined on page 6: Pre-opercle more or less denticulated; intermaxillary, vomerine, inferior maxillary, | and pharyngeal teeth; tongue and palate bones smooth or without teeth, a membra- nous appendix at the angle of the opercle; branchial rays, six. David Humphreys Storer® mentions minute teeth on pharyngeal as one of the characters of Pomotis, but gives it no special consideration. | David Starr Jordan® proposes the name Lepiopomus as a better 1Journ. de Physique, 1819, pp. 402-420. 4 Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vols.3, 4, 5, 1840 to 1845. 2Tchthyologia Ohiensis, pp. 26, 27. + Fishes of Massachusetts, 1867, p. 12. 3 Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1829, p. 91. * Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., 1876, p. 316. no. 1824. NOTES ON THE GENUS LEPOMIS—BEAN AND WEED. 373 spelling for Lepomis. On page 355 of the same publication he pro- poses the name Helvoperca as a generic designation for Lepomis pallidus. Gill and Jordan! propose the name Hupomotis for the genus typified by the common sunfish Hupomotis gubbosus, no diagnosis being given, but the synonymy of this species in full as then understood. In the same year David Starr Jordan? amplifies the statement of reasons for offermg a new name, but gives no generic diagnosis. He adds two species to the list of those in the new genus. Early in 1877 Doctor Jordan* proposed the name Xenotis for spe- cies of Lepomis with the gill rakers on the first arch especially short and weak. No mention is made of the pharyngeal bones and the generic characters given are not distinctive. On May 20, 1877, Edward D. Cope read before the American Philosophical Society a paper’ in which he described Xystroplites longimanus as a new genus and species from two localities in Florida. About the same time Doctor Jordan® described Xystroplites gillit “as a new genus and species, giving Garden Key, Florida, as the locality from which the specimen was received. This is obviously an error and we have no means now of knowing the type-locality of this species. Professor Cope says in his description that Doctor Jordan’s description was written first and, he supposes, was published first. The two generic diagnoses are somewhat at variance in describing the pharyngeal teeth. We quote both: The pharyngeal bones themselves are much narrower and smaller than in Hupo- motis, being in form more like those of Xenotis. The teeth are less strongly ‘‘paved,”’ being smaller, less crowded, and rounded rather than truncate; on the inner border of the bone are a few enlarged acute teeth. (Bull. 10, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 24.) Inferior pharyngeal bones wide and robust, and paved with truncate grinding teeth. (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. 17, 1877-78, p. 67.) Charles L. McKay ° says of the genus Lepomis: This genus, as understood by me, includes Apomotis, Xenotis, Bryttus, Helioperca, Xystroplites, and Hupomotis of authors. Apomotis has been separated from Lepomis on account of the large size of the supplemental maxillary. On careful comparison this - isfound to bescarcely larger than in one or two other species of Lepomis. It disappears by degrees, but seems to exist in all the species, though sometimes so small as to be inappreciable. I have even found it present in large specimens of L. pallidus. Its presence in the species is only a character of degree, therefore not generic. Till the group had been more carefully studied, Xenotis was supposed to contain a large number of species, and was separated from Lepomis principally for convenience sake and on the slight character of the feeble gill rakers. By a comparison of a very large series of the alleged species from Professor Jordan’s collection, I have come to the conclusion that they are all forms of a single species. The gill rakers are usually rather more feeble than in the rest of the species of Lepomis, but this again is a question of degree. Bryttus has been distinguished from Lepomis by the presence of palatine teeth. This 1 Field and Forest, May, 1877, p. 190. 4 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 17, pp. 63 to 68. 2 Bull. 10, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1877. 6 Bull. 10, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1877, p. 24. 3 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1877, p. 76. 6 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1881, June 2. 374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. is also a character of degree, and is subject to the most perfect gradation. I have found it impossible to retain Xystroplites and Hupomotis also, as there is complete gradation in the character of the pharyngeals between Lepomis proper and Xystro- plites, and again between Xystroplites and Eupomotis both as to the width and form of the bones themselves and the form of the teeth. Jordan and Gilbert! include all the species in the single genus Lepomis, giving as one of the characters “‘lower pharyngeals narrow, the teeth conic or paved.”’ - That this will not hold true of all species may be seen from an examination of the accompanying illustrations. Charles Harvey Bollman, in A Review of the Centrarchidz, places all the species under one generic name, Lepomis. Boulenger* separates the genera Apomotis, Lepomis, and Hupo- motis on the characters of the supplemental maxillary and of the form of the pectoral fin. He does not mention the pharyngeal bones or teeth. Jordan and Evermann‘ base the genera Apomotis, Lepomis, and Eupomotis on the characters of the pharyngeal teeth and the supple- - mental maxillary. Under the genus Lepomis, page 999, they say: ‘ck 3 %* lower pharyngeals narrow, the teeth spherical or paved, all or nearly all sharp, few or none conical.” This does not hold true of Lepomis pallidus or Lepomis megalotis. Tarleton H. Bean * follows Jordan and Evermann ® in assigning characters to the three genera. Robert Earl Richardson? disagrees with the findings of McKay and of Bollman and makes two genera, Lepomis and Eupomotis, on the character of the pharyngeal teeth. He examined the bones and teeth of many specimens of about fifteen species. His conclusions were justified by the material used and it was largely by accident that we found the intermediate conditions. Henry W. Fowler ® mentions the pharyngeal teeth in the key to the genera of Centrarchide, where he used the same terms descriptive of the shape of teeth and bones as are used by Jordan and Evermann °® In the description of Lepomis phenax (p. 290) and of Huwpomotis gibbosus (p. 295) the pharyngeal bones and teeth are briefly described. Hugh M. Smith * includes all the species mentioned under the genus Lepomis, giving the following diagnosis on page 239: Body ovate, compressed, the dorsal outline in adults rather more strongly arched than the ventral; mouth of moderate size, jaws equal, maxillary narrow and not extending beyond pupil, supplemental bone small or wanting; no teeth on tongue 1Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, p. 472. 2 Report U.S. Fish Commission for 1888 (1892), p. 565. 3 Catalogue of Fishes in the British Museum, ed. 2, voi. 1, p. 6. 4Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 1, 1896. 5 Fishes of New York, 1903, pp. 475, 477, 482. 6 Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 7Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, March, 1904, p. 27. 8 Fishes of New Jersey, 1905, p. 728. 9Bull. 47, U. S. Nat. Mus. 10 Fishes of North Carolina, 1907. No. 1824. NOTES ON THE GENUS LEPOMIS—BEAN AND WEED. 875 or pterygoids; pharyngeal bones narrow or broad, with sharp or blunt paved teeth; preopercular margin entire; opercle ending in a more or less elongated flap which is conspicuously colored; gill rakers usually short and feeble; dorsal spines, 10; anal spines, 3; caudal fin concave or emarginate behind; pectorals long or short, pointed or rounded. Forbes and Richardson! say: Mh The genus Lepomis, as here understood, includes A pomotis of various authors. The forms that have been known under these two names agree in their pharyngeal denti- tion, which is remarkably different from that of the genus Eupomotis. The fact that the opercular flap is usually either entirely black or black with a definite border above, behind, and below serves as a useful distinction of the species of this genus from the single commonly distributed species of Eupomotis (E. gibbosus), in which there is always a conspicuous roundish spot of red at the lower posterior corner of the opercular flap. In a footnote on the same page they add: We have not found the ‘‘complete gradation in the character of pharyngeals between Lepomis * * * and Eupomotis, both as to the width and form of the bones them- selves and the form of the teeth” that was described by McKay (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1881, p. 88). (See Richardson, 1904, Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, pp. 27-32.) Also on page 259 under genus Hupomotis: Form as in Lepomis; mouth always small; no supplemental maxillary bone and no teeth on palatines; lower pharyngeals deep and broad, with inferior and lateral prominences, the width of the toothed portion about 2 in its length; pharyngeal teeth short with the upper surfaces bluntly rounded or paved (truncate); gill-rakers short; fins rather long; red color on opercular flap in typical species forming a roundish spot. Eastern United States and Canada; 3 species. Meek and Hildebrand ? adopt the generic diagnosis of Forbes and Richardson. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 42. Fig. 1. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis holbrookii, Cat. No. 66310, U.S.N.M., South Carolina (?). > 6 diameters. Fish 25 cm. long. 2. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. X 6 diameters. 3. Right maxillary of same showing supplemental bone. X 6 diameters. Puate 43. Fig. 1. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis holbrookii, Cat. No. 66311, . U.S.N.M., South Carolina(?). > 6 diameters. Fisk 20.4 cm. long. 2. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. X 6 diameters. 3. Right maxillary of same, supplemental bone absent. 6 diameters. Puate 44. Fig. 1. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis heros, Cat. No. 65185, U.S.N.M., Lake Maxinkuckee, Indiana. X 6 diameters. Fish 17.4 cm. long. 2. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. X 6 diameters. 3. Right maxillary of same, no supplemental bone. X 6 diameters. 1 Fishes of Illinois, 1907, p. 247. 2Fishes Known to Occur Within Fifty Miles of Chicago, Field Mus., Zool. Ser., vol. 7, No. 9, April, 1910, pp. 311 and 314, 376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Fig. 1. 2. Fig. 1. Fig. 1. PLATE 45. Left side of lower pharyngeal of Lepomis heros, Cat. No. 65192, U.S.N.M., Lost Lake, Indiana. X 6 diameters. Fish 22.2 cm. long. Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. > 6 diameters. PLATE 46. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis gibbosus from Washington, Dis- trict of Columbia. 6 diameters. Fish about 15 cm. long. . Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. . Right maxillary of same, no supplemental bone. 6 diameters. . Upper pharyngeal of Lepomis heros, Cat. No. 65185, U.S.N.M., from Lake Maxinkuckee, Indiana. 6 diameters. . Upper pharyngeal of Lepomis holbrookui, Cat. No. 66310, U.S.N.M., from South Carolina (?). 6 diameters. Puate 47. . Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis heros, from type of Pomotis heros Girard, Cat. No. 438, U.S.N.M., Texas. 6 diameters. Fish 18.5 cm. long. . Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. _ 6 diameters. . Left side of left lower pharyngeal of type of Lepomis euryorus McKay, Cat. No. 4109, U.S.N.M., Lake Huron. 6 diameters. Fish 17.5 cm. long. . Dorsal aspect.of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. Puate 48. . Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis albulus, from type of Bryttus albulus Girard, Cat. No. 421, U.S.N.M., Texas. 6 diameters. Fish 15.5 em. long. . Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. . Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis auritus, Cat. No. 44139, U.S.N.M., Laurel, Maryland. 6 diameters. Fish 15.5 cm. long. . Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. Puate 49. . Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis pallidus, Cat. No. 66312 :, OS South Carolina (?). 6 diameters. Fish 21.6 cm. long. . Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. . Right maxillary of same, no supplemental bone. 6 diameters. . Left side of lower pharyngeal of Lepomis pallidus, Cat. No. 64234, U.S.N.M., Sodus Bay, Wayne County, New York. 6 diameters. . Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. = Puate 50. Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis megalotis from Tippecanoe River, Marshland, Indiana. 6 diameters. Fish 11.9 cm. long. . Dorsal aspect of left lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. . Right maxillary of same, showing supplemental bone. 6 diameters. . Left side of left lower pharyngeal of Lepomis cyanellus, Cat. No. 64372, U.S.N.M., Washington, District of Columbia. Fish 14.1 cm. long. . Dorsal aspect of Teft lower pharyngeal of same. 6 diameters. . Right maxillary of same, supplemental bone present. 6 diametexs. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 42 3 LEPOMIS HOLBROOKII. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 3/5. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 43 9 re) LEPOMIS HOLBROOKII. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 375. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 3 LEPOMIS HEROS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 375. 44 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 45 2 LEPOMIS HEROS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 376. *Q9L§ 3DVd 3aS ALW1d 40 NOILWNV1dx4 YO4 ‘IIMOOYSTIOH SINOdAI—'G ‘Sl "SOYUSH SINOdAI—'Pp “SI4 ‘snsoagiIO SINOdA]—’g-} ‘Sl G 9b “1d Ob “OA ‘SDNIGAS0OXd WN3SNW IVNOILVN “S “N "9/6 39vd 33S 3lWid 4O NOILVNV1dx4a YO4 “SNYOAYNA SINOdA]—'p-§ ‘Ssdi4 “SOY¥SH SINOda]—"?g-| ‘SdI4 Zp “1d OF “1OA ‘SONIGSSOOUd WNASNW TVNOILVN *S ‘nN *Q1© ADVd 34S ALVId 4O NOILWNV1dxa YO4 “SNLIUNV SINOdS—"p-§ “SDI ‘SNINEAIV SINOda—'S-| ‘SDI 8h “Id OF “1OA ‘SONIGSS00Ud WNASNW IWNOILVN S 'N QLE 39vd 338 JLvid 40 NOILYNV1dxa YO4 ‘SNdIT1Vd SINOdaq—'G-| ‘SOlj € 6h “Id OF “OA ‘SONIGSSOOHd WN3SNW TVNOILVN ‘S ‘nN "OJ© ADVd ASS ALV1d AO NOILVNW1dxX4a YO "SNTTIANVAO SINOdaq—'9-h ‘SDI ‘SILOIVDAW SINOda]—'§-| ‘Sdl4 9 € 0G “Id OF “OA ‘SONIGARO0OUd WNASNW TVNOILVYN ‘S “ON REMARKS ON THE LONG-TAILED SHREWS OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES. By N. Hotiister, Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals, U. S. National Museum. Since the publication of Dr. C. Hart Merriam’s Synopsis of the American Shrews of the genus Sorex, 1895,! the number of specimens from southern localities has been greatly increased. Aside from Sorex personatus and S. fumeus from mountain localities, there was nothing available at that time but two imperfect specimens of the supposed ‘‘lesueurti,” a few specimens of S. fishert from the Dismal Swamp, and perhaps half a dozen specimens from Raleigh, North Carolina, which were assumed to represent Sorex longirostris, described by Bachman from the swamps of the Santee River, South Carolina. The overhauling of the old alcoholic shrews in the collection of the United States National Museum and a study of the recently acquired material in skins and skulls have resulted in some interesting discoy- eries and given a better understanding of the southern forms of Sorex than was ever before possible. South of New York and Wis- consin the restricted genus Sorex is represented by five distinct species.” SOREX PERSONATUS I. Geoffroy. 1827. Sorex personatus I. GEorrroy, Mém. mus. d’hist. nat. Paris, vol. 15, p. 122. The most abundant and generally distributed species in the north- ern States, this shrew is represented in the collection by many specimens from Maine to Wisconsin. The few specimens from the southern boundary of its range in the upper Mississippi Valley (southeastern Wisconsin, northern Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio) and from New Jersey and the lower Hudson Valley, New York, average slightly smaller than specimens from New England, northern New York, northern Wisconsin, and Minnesota, the skulls averaging about 1 millimeter shorter, with flatter braincases. Farther south, where the species occurs only in the mountains of Maryland, the Virginias, 1 North Amer. Fauna, No. 10, pp. 57-98, December 31, 1895. 2 Three other long-tailed shrews have been found in this area: Neosorex albibarbis in Pennsylvania, Micro- sorex hoyi in Ohio, and Microsorer winnemana in Virginia and Maryland. ; PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1825. re) ~] A 378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. and North Carolina, the specimens are intermediate between those from the previously mentioned northern and southern areas. The difference in series of skulls is very noticeable, but it is difficult to assion a definite distribution for a southern race and it seems hardly proper to recognize one. The name Sorex personatus platyrhinus (De Kay),! type-locality Tappan, Rockland County, New York, is available should a southern subspecies of personatus ever be recog- nized. The name Sorax personatus lesueuri (Duvernoy), based on a specimen from the Wabash Valley, Indiana, has been used for a southern form of personatus. As no specimen of a shrew of the personatus type is known from southern Indiana, and the few speci- mens collected in that region have all very surprisingly proved referable to Sorex longirostris Bachman, it is obvious that the name Amphisorex lesueurit Duvernoy is not applicable to a personatus shrew.2. The status of Sorex fimbripes Bachman, 1837, is discussed below. SOREX FONTINALIS, new species. 1895. [Sorex personatus] lesueuri Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, No. 10, p. 61, December 31 (in part, as to specimen from Sandy Spring, Maryland). Not Amphisorex lesueurti Duvernoy, 1842. Type.—From Cold Spring Swamp, near Beltsville, Maryland. Cat. No. 85439, U.S.N.M. Skin and skull, old adult female. Col- lected November 6, 1898, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr. General characters —A diminutive shrew of the S. personatus group; smaller than personatus, with much shorter tail. Color.—Aimost precisely like personatus. The type matches ex- actly a skin of S. personatus from Highland Falls, New York, col- lected in September. Upperparts dark sepia, darkest posteriorly; sides lighter, about broccoli brown; underparts brownish gray; tail distinctly bicolor, tip blackish. Specimens collected in February and March are darker than the type, and a skin collected in May is much browner. Skull and teeth—Skull, compared with S. personatus, much smaller; braincase narrow and compressed; rostrum shorter and relatively wider, less attenuate. Teeth as in personatus, but unicuspids more crowded and uniformly decreasing in size from first to fourth. Measurements.—F lesh measurements of type: Total length, 90 mm.; tail vertebrae, 31; hind foot, 10. (An average specimen of S. persona- tus from the Catskills measures: Length, 99; tail, 40; hind foot, 12.) Skull of type: Condylobasal length, 14.2; breadth of brain case, 7; greatest anteorbital breadth, 3.9; length of bony palate, 5.6. 1 Zool. New York, Mamm., 1842, p. 22, pl. 5, fig. 1. 2Dr. W. L. Hahn has, in his Mammals of Indiana, 1909, p. 607, already placed lesweurii in the synonymy of S. longirostris. NO. 1825. THE LONG-TAILED SHREWS—HOLLISTER. 379 Remarks.—There are no specimens showing intergradation be- tween this species and Sorex personatus. Specimens of personatus from the mountains of western Maryland and Virginia in no way approach it in external or cranial characters, and it is apparently a true Austral species, perfectly distinct from the species of the southern Alleghenies. Only ten specimens of Sorex fontinalis are known. They were all collected near the District of Columbia, in Maryland, at localities as follows: Beltsville, 2; Hyattsville, 5;! Laurel, 2; Sandy Spring, 1. SOREX LONGIROSTRIS Bachman. 1837. Sorex longirostris BacuMAN, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 370. 1842. Amphisorex lesueurtt DuvERNOy, Mag. de zool., ser. 2, mamm., p. 33, November. 1901. Sorex personatus lesueurvi MILLER and Regn, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hisit., vol. 30, No. 1, p. 235, December. An alcoholic specimen of this rare shrew from Butler, Taylor County, Georgia, has been found in the collection of the National Museum. It was presented by Dr. H. M. Neisler, and was cata- logued in 1873 as No. 11318. The locality is the most southern point from which Sorex is known in the eastern United States, and the specimen is of great interest because it probably represents the typical form of Bachman’s S. longirostris, described from the Swamps of the Santee River, South Carolina. The specimen, a pregnant female, is in an excellent state of preservation. It measures (from alcohol, before removal of the skull): Total length, 82 mm.; tail vertebre, 28; hind foot, 10.5. The skull measures: Condylobasal length, 14.1; breadth of cranium, 7.4; greatest anteorbital breadth, 4.2; length of bony palate, 5.3. Howell has already recorded this species from northern Georgia and from Bicknell, Indiana,’ and its known range was still further extended by the capture of a specimen at Chesapeake Beach, Cal- vert County, Maryland, July 3, 1908, by Dr. M. W. Lyon, jr. An additional specimen from Washington, District of Columbia, collected by C. Girard, and entered April 19, 1855, as number 637, has been found in the Museum collection. The skin without skull, from New Harmony, Indiana, recorded somewhat doubtfully by Doctor Merriam as Sorex personatus lesueurii, seems certainly to be S. longirostris. At that time the occurrence of this species in Indiana was unthought of, and the determination of a skin alone, with so few specimens of longirostris for comparison, was virtually impossible. The eight specimens * before me show a little variation in the shape of the 1 Biological Survey collection. 2 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 22, p. 66, Apr. 17, 1909. 8 Five specimens from Biological Survey collection; Young Harris, Georgia; Raleigh, North Carolina; New Harmony and Bicknell, Indiana. 380 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, braincase, probably due to age, but all seem to belong to one wide- ranging form. If larger series from Illinois and Indiana should show the northern specimens to be separable, the name Sorex longi- rostris lesueurta (Duvernoy), type-locality Wabash River, Indiana, is available. SOREX FISHERI Merriam. / 1895. Sorex fisheri MERR1AM, North Amer. Fauna, No. 10, p. 86, December 31. , This very distinct species continues to be known only from the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. In addition to the original specimens, a series of skins with skulls and alcoholic specimens was collected by Dr. W. L. Ralph and Lieut. J. W. Daniel, jr., and presented to the National Museum. The species is apparently related to S. longirostris, but is readily recognizable by its larger size and much larger skull. A litter of five young was collected by Doctor Ralph in the Dismal Swamp, May, 1905, and preserved in alcohol. SOREX FUMEUS Miller. 1895. Sorex fumeus MittER, North Amer. Fauna, No. 10, p. 50, December 31. This species extends it range down the Alleghenies as far south as Brasstown Bald, Georgia, from which locality it has been recorded by Howell.t. The National Museum collection contains specimens from southern localities as follows: Mount Rogers, Grayson County, and Rowleysburg, Virginia; Franklin, West Virginia; Roan Moun- tain, North Carolina. A single specimen from Racine, Wisconsin, carries the known range far to the west. The southern specimens seem perfectly typical. NOTE ON THE SUPPOSED TYPE OF SOREX FIMBRIPES. Bachman described Sorex fimbripes? from a specimen received at the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences from Drurys Run, Pennsyl- vania. Baird, in the Mammals of North America, 1857, states that he had not seen the type, which he says is in the Philadelphia Acad- emy. Coues, 1877,3 writes: ‘‘In 1861 Baird examined Bachman’s type, preserved in the Philadelphia Academy, and found it to be a species of ordinary 32-toothed shrew, scarcely or not distinguishable from ‘cooperi.’” On this authority Miller* placed the name in the synonymy of Sorex personatus, remarking on the strange charac- ters attributed to the animal by Bachman. As recorded by Lyon and Osgood,* an alcoholic shrew, without number and absolutely without record, but bearing a parchment label marked ‘‘Sorex jfimbripes, Type,” was found in the National Museum early in 1898. In the 1 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 22, p. 66, Apr. 17, 1909. 2Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1837, vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 391. 3 Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey of Terr., 1877, vol. 3, p. 641. 4N. Amer. Fauna, No. 10, p. 41, 1895. 5 Cat. Type-Spec. Mamm. in U.S. Nat. Mus., p. 243, 1909. NO. 1825. THE LONG-TAILED SHREWS—HOLLISTER. 381 type-catalogue, as is carefully stated, the locality, Drurys Run, Pennsylvania, was supplied from Bachman’s description. The skull of this specimen has recently been removed, and it proves to be not personatus, but Sorex fumeus. A careful comparison of the specimen with Bachman’s description makes it perfectly obvious that it is Nor the single specimen he had before him when he wrote the diagnosis of Sorex fimbripes. Beyond a point where a specimen of any shrew might answer, it does not agree with any of the alleged characters, and in all the distinctive characters mentioned differs widely in every detail. In measurements particularly it differs so greatly that it is at once evident this specimen has no claim as the type and it seems probable it did not come from Drurys Run and was never in Bach- man’s hands. At the time the label was written the word ‘‘type” had a very different meaning from what it now has and was used for various purposes. Several specimens in the collection are marked ‘‘type” which have not the shghtest claim, in the modern meaning of the word, to that distinction. Some were even collected after the description was published. The writing on the parchment label of this specimen is probably that of Professor Baird, who may or may not have believed that the specimen was the original of Bachman’s description. The description of Sorex fimbripes differs so widely from any known American shrew that the name is probably unidentifiable. This specimen at any rate can not be considered the type, and the fact that it proves to be the same as Sorex fumeus in no way invalidates that currently used name. NOTE ON THE SOREX ACADICUS OF GILPIN. Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., has called my attention to the fact that the identity of the shrew described by Gilpin,t from Nova Scotia, as Sorex acadicus, has never been determined. A careful review of Gilpin’s papers makes it reasonably certain that. his species is Sorex personatus. The only characters given which are of value as evidence are the measurements, and_ these, though differing considerably among themselves, agree best with the measurements of Sorex personatus. The size as given in the table of measurements of five specimens is: Length, 3§ to 4 inches (=97 to 103 mm.), and tail, 145 to 2 inches (=41 to 51 mm.). This is large for Microsorex hoyi and too small for Sorex fumeus. Though the length of tail is some- what great for S. personatus, it is too short for S. macrurus, and was doubtless taken to the end of hairs. At present it seems per- fectly proper to consider Sorex acadicus Gilpin a synonym of Sorex personatus. 1Trans, Nova-Scotian Inst. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 2, 1867. Erroneously marked vol. 2. THE RECENT AND FOSSIL MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM FROM THE WEST COAST OF AMERICA. By Pavuxt Bartscu, Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, U. S. National Museum. The first Bittiwm known from the west coast of America was reported by A. A. Gould’ in 1849, when he described Cerithium filosum from the northwestern coast. Unfortunately, Philippi had used this name for a different species the year previous, thus pre- occupying the above combination. Thesame year A. T. von Midden- dorff * described the same species as Turritella eschrichtii. Bittium eschrichti Middendorff remained the unique representative until 1857, when Dr. P. P. Carpenter * published Cerithiopsis decus- sata from Mazatlan, Mexico. To these William M. Gabb‘ added Turbonilla aspera, a fossil species from the Lower Pleistocene of Santa Barbara, California, in 1861. Bittium nitens, a fourth species, was described by Doctor Carpenter® in 1864, from Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. A large number of new forms were listed in the Supplementary Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with Regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America, by Dr. P. P. Car- penter® in 1864. In this report Doctor Carpenter gives a list of the shells known to him and adds a few words of diagnosis to the new forms, which are later fully described in various journals. The species here listed are: Cerithiopsis munita, pages 628 and = Bittiwm ? var. esuriens, page 655. 660. Bittium attenuatum, page 655. Bittium filosum Gould= E'sch- richtw. Middendorff, page 655. 1 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, p. 120. 2 Beitr. Mal. Ross., vol. 2, 1849, p. 68, pl. 11, fig. 1. 3Cat. Mazatlan Shells, 1857, p. 368. 4Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 368. 5 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 13, p. 479. 6 Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, published in 1864. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No, 1826. 383 384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Bittium quadrifilatum, page 655. — Rissoa interfossa, page 656. Bittieum asperum, page 655. Cerithiopsis purpurea, page 660. Bittium armillatum, page 655. Cerithiopsis fortior, page 660. Bittium fastiqgiatum, page 655. Of these, Bittiwm?, var. esuriens Carpenter has proved to be a syno- nym of Bittiwm attenuatum Carpenter, and Cerithiopsis fortior Car- penter is synonymous with Rissoa interfossa, while Bittium asperum was later diagnosed by him as Bittiwm rugatum, and Bittiwm fasti- guatum is now referred to the genus Diastoma. In 1865 we find no additional species added to the Bittium fauna, but a more complete diagnosis for— Bittium % var. esuriens Carpenter. Cerithiopsis purpurea Carpenter. Bittium attenuatum Carpenter. Cerithiopsis fortior Carpenter. Bittium quadrifilatum Carpenter. — Cerithiopsis munitum Carpenter. Reference to these descriptions can be found under each species in the present text. The following year we find the complete diagnosis of— Rissoa interfossa Carpenter, Bittium armillatum Carpenter, and a full description of the species listed in 1864 as Bittium asperum Carpenter, which he now names Bitttwm rugatum Carpenter. Here also he refers Turbonilla aspera Gabb properly to the present genus. The genus Bittium breaks up into several convenient groups, on the west coast of America, which may be considered subgenera. These are characterized in the following key: KEY TO THE SUBGENERA OF BITTIUM, OCCURRING ON THE WEST COAST OF AMERICA. Nuclear whorls with two spiral lirations. Postnuclear whorls having varices. Bittiwm Leach s. s. Postnuclear whorls without varices Lirobittiwm, new subgenus. Type B. (L.) catalinense Bartsch. Nuclear whorls smooth. Spiral sculpture predominating over the axial. Stylidium Dall. Spiral sculpture not predominating over the axial. Semibittiwm Cossmann. Bittium s. s. is represented by two species only in the area under discussion, namely B. panamense Bartsch and B. johnstone Bartsch, the first coming from Panama, the last from Lower California, while of Stylidium but one species, B. (S.) eschrichtii Middendorff, and two subspecies, B. (S.) e. icelum Bartsch and B. (S.) e. montereyense are known. To Semibittium I refer the following thirteen forms: armillatum Carpenter. attenuatum latifilosum Bartsch. purpureum Carpenter. subplanatum Bartsch. vancouverense Dall and Bartsch. — rugatum Carpenter. attenuatum Carpenter. quadrifilatum Carpenter. attenuatum boreale Bartsch. nicholsi Bartsch. attenuatum multifilosum Bartsch. nitens Carpenter. nNo.1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BiTTIUM—BARTSCH. 385 Three, B. armillatum, purpureum, and vancouverense, are placed here with some doubt because the nuclear whorls are somewhat worn and it is barely possible that they may possess sculpture when perfect. Lnrobittium has nine forms on the west coast. Of these, two only are placed here of which I have not seen the nucleus in perfect. condi- tion, namely, B. (Z.) munitum Carpenter and B. larum Bartsch. However, since B. (L.) munitum munitoides Bartsch belongs here, there can scarcely be any doubt about placing munitum in this posi- tion. The species of Lirobittium are: interfossum Carpenter. munitum munitoide Bartsch. catalinense Bartsch. asperum Gabb. catalinense inornatum Bartsch. - asperum lomaénse Bartsch. ornatissumum Bartsch. cerralvoénse Bartsch. munitum Carpenter. larum Bartsch. Of the following seven species, I have not seen the nuclear whorls; their subgeneric position must, therefore, remain doubtful until more perfect material has been examined. They will probably prove to be Semibittvum or Lirobittium. oldroydz Bartsch. giganteum Bartsch. fetellum Bartsch. casmaliense Bartsch. decussatum Carpenter. arnoldy Bartsch. Five species, Bittuum (Stylidium) eschrichtii, Bittium catalinense, Bittvum catalinense inornatum, Bittium attenuatum, and Bittium quadri- filatum, occur both recent and fossil. The first, Bittiwm (Stylidium) eschrichtvi, has been reported by Doctor Dall! from Fossil Rock at Coos Bay, Oregon (Pliocene), but so far has not been found fossil in any Pleistocene strata. Bittium catalinense Bartsch is known from the Lower Pleistocene of Santa Barbara and San Pedro (Lower San Pedro series), and is found living in rather deep water. The subspecies Bittiwm catalinense inornatum Bartsch is known from the Lower Pleistocene of San Diego and recent. Bittiwm attenuatum Carpenter is the most abundant recent Bittvwm and has been found fossil in the Lower San Pedro Series at San Pedro (Pleistocene). Bittiwm quadrifilatum Carpenter is a common recent species also found in the Lower Pleistocene of Santa Barbara, California. Of the seven species known as fossils only, Bittiwm casmaliense Bartsch and Bittium arnoldi Bartsch are from the Lower Pliocene of Santa Barbara County, California, while Bittiwm asperum Gabb has 1 Prof. Paper 59, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1909, p. 76. 80796°—Proc.N.M. vol. 40—11——25 386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEZUM. von. 40. been reported from the Upper Pliocene, Fernando Formation, at Bath-house Beach, Santa Barbara, and the Pleistocene of Santa Barbara, San Pedro, and San Diego, California. The remaining four— Bittium armillatum Carpenter, Bittuum giganteum Bartsch, and Bittium ornatissimum Bartsch, Bittuum rugatum Carpenter, are from the Pleistocene of California. Their distribution is noted after their description in the text. The illustrations accompanying this paper! are after photographs made by Mr. T. W. Smillie, and were retouched by Mr. R. Weber. BITTIUM (BITTIUM) PANAMENSE, new species. Plate 53, fig. 5. Shell large, elongate-conic, brown, variegated with whitish areas. Nuclear Rhone snail partly decollated, a little more than one, smooth, the remaining portion with two spiral lirations. Post- yitellen whorls marked by feeble spiral cords which are a little stronger on the early whorls than on the later ones. Three of these cords occur upon each of the first five whorls, while on the sixth turn a fourth makes its appearance at the summit; this rapidly increases in strength and soon equals the other three. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by axial ribs which are much more strongly developed on the early whorls than on the later ones. On the later whorls they are merely indicated by the tubercles resulting from the junctions of the cords and ribs. The tubercles are truncated ante- riorly and slope gently posteriorly. Moderately strong varices occur at irregular intervals. On the last two whorls a slender spiral thread makes its appearance in the middle between the median tubercles and also in the space between the two anterior cords. Sutures weakly impressed. Periphery and base of the last whorl moderately long, well rounded, marked by ten spiral cords which are truncated posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly. These cords decrease regu- larly in size from the periphery to the columella, over which the last three extend. In addition to this sculpture, the entire surface is marked by numerous fine lines of growth and exceedingly fine, spiral striations. Aperture moderately large, irregularly ovate, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, which renders the margin sinuous; columella short, stout, twisted, and very strongly reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. 1Tn the preparation of the present diagnoses the following terminology is used: “Axial sculpture,’”’ the markings which extend from the summit of the whorls toward the umbilicus. The axial sculpture may be— “Vertical,’’? when the markings are in general parallelism with the axis of the shell. “Protractive,’? when the markings slant forward from the preceding suture. “‘Retractive,’’ when the markings slant backward from the suture. ‘Spiral sculpture,’’ the markings following the directions of the coils of the whorls. NO, 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 387 The type (Cat. No. 32271, U.S.N.M.) comes from Panama. It has twelve post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 14 mm., diameter 4.1 mm. BITTIUM (BITTIUM) JOHNSTON, new species. Plate 53, fig. 6. Shell very elongate-conic, chestnut brown with strong white varices at irregular intervals. (Nuclear whorls decollated.) Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, the early turns ornamented with four spiral keels, all of which, except the anterior one, which is at the summit, are of equal size and about as wide as the spaces that separate them; the one at the summit being much more slender. On the last three whorls the keel at the summit divides into two slender threads, which occupy the same amount of space as the single keel does on the earlier turns. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by strong, well-rounded, axial ribs which are about two-thirds as wide as the spaces that separate them. These ribs render the spiral keels tuberculate at their intersection. There are 12 ribs upon the third, 14 upon the fourth, 16 upon the fifth and sixth, and 18 upon the seventh turn. On the last two whorls, four axial ribs occur between each pair of varices. Varices very large and conspicuous. Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded, marked by a slender spiral cord which is not tuberculate. Base rather prolonged, well rounded, marked by four equal and equally spaced spiral cords, of which the last is immediately behind the columella. Entire surface of base marked by numerous, rather strong lines of growth. Aperture ovate, decidedly channeled ante- riorly; outer lip thin at the edge, rendered sinuous by the external sculpture which is visible within; columella very short, curved, and covered on its entire surface by a strong callus, which also extends over the parietal wall. The type (Cat. No. 196208, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Mrs. E. E. Johnston in Lower California. It has ten whorls and measures: Length 7.9 mm., diameter 2.6 mm. Named for Mrs. E. E. Johnston. BITTIUM (STYLIDIUM) ESCHRICHTII Middendorff. Plate 58, fig. 4. Cerithium filosum Goutp, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, 1849, p. 120, not of Philippi, Zeitschr. fiir Mal., 1848, p. 143. Turritella eschrichtit MippENDORF®, Beitr. Mal. Ross., vol. 2, p. 68, pl. 11, fig. 1, 1849. Bittium filosum CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 655.— ARNOLD, Pal. and Strat. San Pedro, 1903, p. 292. Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichttt Dati, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, No. 1564, p. 178, Oct., 1907. Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtvi Dau, Prof. Paper 59, U.S. Geol. Surv., p. 76, pl.14, fig. 2, 1909. 388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. Shell broadly elongate-conic, rather coarse, varying in color from white to chestnut brown. The nucleus consists of a single, smooth, white whorl, well rounded. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, marked by four strong, somewhat flattened, spiral keels between the sutures, which are separated by deep, strong, spiral grooves about two- thirds as wide as the keels. In addition to this spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by numerous fine, spiral striations and fine lines of growth. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a sulcus as wide as the sulci between the keels on the spire. Base well rounded, marked by eight equally spaced spiral cords, which grow successively weaker from the periphery to the umbilical area. In addition to these cords the base is marked by fine spiral lines and fine lines of growth. Aperture oval, somewhat effuse anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered wavy by the external sculpture; columella short, very broad at base, somewhat twisted and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The specimen described and figured (Cat. No. 122558, U.S.N.M.) has nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 14 mm., diameter 5 mm., and was collected on the beach at Sitka, Alaska. Specimens examined. Catalogue : Number of No. Locality. specimens. T5LG260 a eKallisnoomAlasks eye escacree sere eters seat tetatceate estates siya reer eyegs 3 Ta218 Sitka, Alaska Se 4.) lo Oe EN ee Ue la aac: Seve ree eae 5 122558 | Sitka, Alaska (described and figured)...........-..--.--------- 1 OST i oltka Alas kat hee sarc) ae clamiaieeinscterninnae eieieersta are spe Cee eh Ie ee 1 LOSTLS een Oe ae EE eo SE Se naan ej uisteee eee mame @ee eens 10 160565) i) Biorkavislands|Sitka Sound, Allaskaie see. 2 eee. see e ee eee eee 1 193687 | Cormorant Island, Alert Bay, Alaska...........-..-..--------- 1 195120) 1 Barclay)Sound British Columbiaseseeons. ose. ae eee oan ae 19 152909" al: INeahiBay:/se5 aed se ceecw cs sem aes cee secede nate = cles Cin ericinereeme 29 23382 |.---- Oe Re Befe 2 aoc gece emer ante Meee EOE Moen ene 73 S0a0 “Al ULelISOUNG Ra. eescecte cee Sater eas cee cme o tees oeiaeeseosereee 9 5575 | Puget Sound (type of Bittium filosum Gould).........-.------- 1 133690) te Dacoma Wiashingtoneemerceceseeeeacee nese eoEeen ere te saroe 4 195119)" Port Ludlow, Washineton: s-Setecese cscs tcet -ceeeee eee 4 FOSSIL. 153992 | Fossil Rock, Coos Bay, Oregon (Pliocene)........-.-..-.------- 1 BITTIUM (STYLIDIUM) ESCHRICHTII ICELUM Bartsch. Plate 57, fig. 3. Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtii icelum Bartscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 178. In B. eschrichtia only the early whorls show axial ribs. In the pres- ent form they are well developed on all the turns, weakening only on the last. The type, Cat. No. 15209a, U.S.N.M., was collected by J. G. Swan at Neah Bay, Washington. It has nine whorls (the nucleus being lost) and measures: Length 15 mm., diameter 5.5 mm. Another specimen, Cat. No. 32209, U.S.N.M., belongs to the Stearns collection and comes from Monterey, California. no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSOH. 389 BITTIUM (STYLIDIUM) ESCHRICHTII MONTEREYENSE Bartsch. Plate 58, fig. 5. Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtii montereyense Bartscu, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 178-179. This form is a southern race of B. eschrichtii. It differs from the typical form in being less strongly spirally keeled, much more smooth, more slender, and in every way more elegant than eschrichtvi. The typical form varies in color from brown to white, and is very rarely spotted. In montereyense the variegated forms predominate—that is, the shells are whitish mottled with rust brown. The type, Cat. No. 32221, U.S.N.M., has ten whorls, and measures: Length 13.8 mm., diameter 5 mm. Specimens examined. Catalogue : Number of No. Locality. specimens. 1OLTS53 Cresson Citys Californian aceccs «cee aeoces seen ese cee cae eee ees 1 S22 21G Montene ys | California) .-sisc cnc nisac ao cee ee eee oe eae eee Sees 9 S220 | Pesce GO ee anact ie casiaisaieies Sete ere iets ae acte sie oe ee ancient 14 32214: )2 2-2. Oa sete Sore aoa oa ce Pace ae he a cee eam ae aeecmene 3 32228 |_...- OR ere i ae ate aac ae wee anes Ss ee eeyae oe e-em siclo ieee 15 55992 |..... COs ae aac ne cose eicinsiowsaice ae neo ae matin aoa Seaeingeiaece es 65 56443 |... - Oe Bape eee alate eid Suis ares acid ia cS op Ne ate eS eek olnwee 1 56849 |... .. Ole se Soe oe Bec E SO RC U Rie atte ae Bea ee eae ere Hessnce eae 4 2026024 |mEescaderomCalitormigensecn 8 sce aces Sect ee eee semen ence oe 4 Hoods hoankredroy Califonmianst sack sees setseeeaee mecca soon sere oueere 2 1O4SS 7a oanuDleros Caliiornige sc -ciews soe eeecmceecche aes es oeen eco conan 3 Le HO A GilhOh Califormig wet ee oe eae mae ies keine aaa acne 1 55993 | Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.......................------- 2 FOSSIL. 162610 | Deadmans Island, California (Lower San Pedro Series)........- 2 devine: KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENERA SEMIBITTIUM, LIROBITTIUM, AND THOSE OF UNCERTAIN SUBGENERIC POSITION. Since the nuclear whorls of seven species (probably Lirobittiwm or Semibittium), described in the pages which follow, are unknown, I have deemed it wise to embrace the members of these two subgenera, as well as the seven of uncertain position, all in one artificial key. Spiral sculpture consisting of three strong cords between the sutures, between which intercalated slender cords may occur. Nodulose spiral keel at the summit less strong than the other two. Base with two very strong sublamellar keels. ....--.-.--22---22-+--2- interfossa. Base with slender spiral cords. Peripheral cord exposed as a smooth band in the suture...........-.catalinense. Peripheral cord not apparent in the sutures ..........--..------- ce. mornatum. Nodulose spiral keel at the summit equal to the other two. Axial ribs and spiral cords comparatively weak, always narrower than the squarish pits inclosed by them. Junctions of axial ribs and spiral cords forming sharp cusps. Wihorlsiwathiars tromeas in ull erie esas eae ee see erase oldroydx. Wihorlsmotshoulderedes >. tac scenes Sot aaate as hae Satake bie fetellum. 390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Junctions of axial ribs and spiral cords forming well-rounded tubercles. Shell large, unicolor, rusty-white (fossil). ...............--..--- armillatum. Shell small, wax-yellow, variegated with chestnut, usually with a broad, chestnut, basal band. Adult shell more than /6 mm. lone. 2) ees qos = ae eee purpureum. Adult shell tess: than 5 mmr lone. 3.5.62- 45-222 ee eee decussatum. Axial ribs and spiral cords always strong and wider than the spaces inclosed by them. Shell very large, with strong intercalated spiral cords..........-. ornatissimum. Shell smaller, without, or with very weak intercalated spiral cords only. Sitell dark“purphish-brown 222 fobs o ose cc. es ens cee sce ae vancouverense. Shell wax-yellow, banded with brown. Shell robust, with 25-30 axial ribs on its last whorl..............munitum. Shell smaller, with as many as 40 axial ribs on its last whorl. .m. munitoide. Spiral sculpture, consisting of four strong cords between the sutures, between which intercalated slender cords may occur. Axial ribs becoming obsolete on the last whorls of the adult shell. Summit of the whorls appressed. Interealated spiral cords absent. Shell slender sculpture weaksss.ue sen! eo. see eee eee attenuatum. Shell robust, sculpture strong....... Ba eae Rete ee tos oa ec a. boreale. intercalated spiral cords present. .....-. 9-2 ca eaeeeeeeeed a. multifilosum. Summit of the whorls slopingly shouldered....................---- a. latifilosum. Axial ribs strong on all the whorls. Nodulose spiral cords at the summit less strong than the others. Spiral cords sloping gently anteriorly until fused with the body eo the shell; posteriorly they are suddenly truncated. Axial ribs on the last whorl 12-15. Shell of 10 post-nuclear whorls 8.1 mm. long.............----.--- asperum. Shell of 10 post-nuclear whorls 7.1 mm. long............--.--- a. lomaense. Axial ribs.on thevlast:whorleabout 25..........5.....222-52-25 subplanatum. Nodulose spiral cord at the summit equal to the rest on the last whorl. Adult shell more than 17 mm. long. Shell slen@ert :- Js. cc oe Seco s Seen tue ceca shee GOL eee giganteum. Shell stout. Intercalated cords when present very feeble..............--- casmaliense. Intercalated cords always present, at times more than one between the strong cords and almost equal to them in strength. ...........-- arnoldt. Adult shell less than 13 mm. long. Whorls decidedly overhanging. Basewrell woundeds2. 22147 iiss Sess eis ees rugatum. Base flattened. Early post-nuclear whorls with 4 spiral cords.............------- larum Early post-nuclear whorls with 2 spiral cords...........--- cerralvoense Whorls not overhanging. Shell large; adult shell more than 11 mm. long.....-..--...- quadrifilatum. Shell small; adult shell less than 7 mm. long. Whorls shouldered :at.the,summit_ 25... 2.2/2 scecee cence nicholst. Whorls appressed at the summit. Axialsribs on-last whorl >.) 2.25.4 anss-2 eee eee mexicanum. ASSIOMTIDSAOn haste WOtl oases Leen ieee meee oee eee eee eee nitens. no.1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSOH. 391 BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) ARMILLATUM Carpenter. Plate 52, fig. 6. Bittiwm armillatum CarPeNnTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 655. Bittium armillatum CaRPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol 18, 1866, p. 276. Shell broadly conic, rust brown. Nuclear whorls at least 3, ap- parently smooth. Post-nuclear whorls shouldered at the summit, marked by three strong spiral keels which are considerably narrower than the three spaces into which they divide the whorls between the sutures. In addition to the spiral sculpture the whorls are marked by slightly retractive axial ribs, which are about as strong as the spiral keels. Of these, 16 occur upon the fourth, 18 upon the fifth, 20 upon the sixth, 24 upon the seventh, and 32 upon the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces imclosed between are well-impressed squarish pits. Sutures strongly constricted. Base moderately long, ornamented by six low, well-rounded, subequally spaced spiral cords. Aperture channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip ren- dered smuous by the external sculpture; columella moderately long, oblique, curved, and reflected; parietal wall covered with a moderately thick callus. The type (Cat. No. 15653, U.S.N.M.) comes from the Lower Pleisto- cene deposits of Santa Barbara, California. It has nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 9.5 mm., diameter 3.2 mm. Another specimen, also fossil (Cat. No. 195160, U.S.N.M.), comes from San Pedro, California. BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) PURPUREUM Carpenter. Plate 52, figs. 1 and 3. Cerithiopsis purpurea CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 660. Cerithiopsis purpurea CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 337. Shell broadly elongate conic, wax-yellow, variously mottled and banded with chestnut brown. Nuclear whorls a little more than one, apparently smooth. Post-nuclear whorls marked by three strong spiral cords, which divide the space between the suture and the sum- mit into three almost equal areas. The cord at the summit is very slightly below the summit and renders this strongly shouldered. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by almost vertical, axial ribs which are nearly equal to the spiral cords in strength. Of these, 14 occur upon the first, 16 upon the second, 18 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth, 22 upon the fifth, and 25 upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the spiral cords and the axial ribs form well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are well-impressed squarish pits on all but the last; on this they are oblong, their long axes coinciding with the axial sculpture. Sutures strongly constricted, showing the peripheral cord on the later 392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. whorls. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a slender, smooth cord, the space between which and the first supraperipheral cord is about as wide as that which separates the next two cords posteriorly and is crossed by the continuations of the axial ribs which terminate at its posterior border. Base marked by five subequally spaced spiral cords, of which the strongest is immediately below the periphery and is equal to the peripheral cord, while the next two in strength are at the columella; the two intervening are slender threads. Entire sur- face of spire and base crossed by numerous, rather strong lines of growth. Aperture broadly oval, decidedly channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered smuous by the external sculpture; columella short, somewhat twisted, curved and reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. Doctor Carpenter’s cotypes, four specimens (Cat. No. 14823, U.S.N.M.), come from Monterey and Santa Barbara, California. The best preserved has seven post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 7.3 mm., diameter 2.5 mm. Specimens examined. Catalogue a Number of No. Locality. specimens. 14823 | Monterey and Santa Barbara, California................-...-- OOOLO! seen CRS 6 eee pee Soe Soa e apne CoS ECE Sat enoaae rico elatos 323965» Monterey rarbormCalifonmiancrcsss-sseees cee. ee nee ee anes eee 32394 | Monterey, California............- Ble a a ane eae ae HOSoLt |eeeee (OCC Se Ae ale re ire ao eee eS i argc See i MS eR yee ar 56004 |..-.. LO a Se a sr Ee A I ie Sai ter ey Pie ebaee CLO et Re eR Ne LON se SOUT 8) SUPE Thee RR eC A Oe tay eS 56016 | North side of Catalina Island, California (15 fathoms, gravel). . 56681 San) Mioveliisignds Californias: sees eeetecene neces e eee cece eee 195166 | San Pedro Bay, California Se ee Uae Ee ena ae ee aa Seperate 105487 | San Diego, California Ba Aenea is wisiaeie Saher ems eis ieicisl om ee ere ee es B2302 | MWVCSHCOaSt meee oee sae secre RF aia Oe Pi oka OLS Rien L hew i — RP RWNNOANMONwe BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) VANCOUVERENSE Dall and Bartsch. Plate 53, fig. 3. Bittiwm vancouverense DALL and BartscH, Dominion Geol. Survey, Memoir No. 14:N; 1910). 10; ply Ue 2s: Shell elongate-conic, grayish white outside and dark, purplish brown within. Nuclear whorls at least two, apparently smooth, worn in all specimens. Post-nuclear whorls slightly rounded, ornamented with three strong, equal, and equally spaced, nodulose, spiral keels, the first of which is a little below the summit. The spaces separating the spiral keels are of equal width. Immediately below the third keel is a strong, peripheral sulcus, which equals those be- tween the spiral keels. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by almost vertical, axial ribs which are not quite as wide as the spiral keels. These render the keels nodulose at their inter- sections. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second and third, 16 upon the fourth, 18 upon the fifth, 24 upon the sixth, and 30 upon the penultimate turn. The spaces inclosed between the spiral keels and the axial ribs are well-impressed, rounded pits. Al] No, 1826, MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCOH. 393 the tubercles are truncated on the posterior margin and slope gently anteriorly. Base of the last whorl moderately long, ornamented with seven spiral cords, of which the two immediately below the periphery are the strongest and broadest, while the two bounding the umbilical area are wider than those intervening. Sutures channeled. Aperture irregular, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, sinuous, showing the external sculpture within; columella stout, short, twisted, and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a moderately thick callus. The specimen figured has eight post-nuclear whoris and measures: Length 7.8 mm., diameter 2.7 mm. Specimens of this species were dredged in 8 to 27 fathoms from Ucluelet to Ship Channel, Barclay Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Part of these are in the collection of the Dominion Geo- logical Survey, and others are in the U.S. National Museum collection, Cat. No. 211545. BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) ATTENUATUM Carpenter. Plate 54, figs. 1, 2, and 5. Bittium attenuatum CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci., 1864, p. 655; =Bittium ? var. esuriens CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci., 1864, p. 655; = Bittiwm (? var.) esuriens CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 181; = Bittium (? var.) esuriens CARPENTER, Journ. Conch., vol. 12, 1865, p. 242; = Bittium attenuatum CARPENTER, Journ. Conch., vol. 12, 1865, pp. 242-243. Shell elongate-conic, varying in color from plain white to brown, variously banded or maculated. Nuclear whorls two, moderately rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls slightly rounded, ornamented with weak spiral bands which are best developed on the early whorls. These spiral bands are truncated anteriorly and slope gently to the posterior boundary. ‘The early whorls have three spiral bands, of which the posterior, at the summit, is less strongly developed than the other two, which divide the remaining space between the sutures equally. On the middle whorls the posterior keel has a tendency to become divided, while on the later turns it becomes obsolete. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by poorly developed, rounded, protractive, axial ribs which render their inter- sections with the spiral cords nodulose. Of these ribs, 12 occur upon the third and 14 upon each of the remaining turns upon which ribs are discernible. The spaces inclosed between the ribs and spiral bands are shallow, impressed, rectangular pits. In addition to the axial ribs, the whorls are marked by numerous fine lines of growth. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a spiral band, which is separated from the first band above the periphery by a sulcus as wide as the sulci on the spire. Base short, well rounded, marked by six 394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. spiral keels, of which the first below the periphery is much larger than the rest, which are subequal and subequally spaced. Aperture ovate, somewhat effuse anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the external markings within; columella short, very broad at base, oblique, and reflected. Doctor Carpenter based his description upon two co-types (Cat. No. 15584, U.S.N.M.) collected at Monterey, California, and Neah Bay, Washington. One of these has ten post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 10.2 mm., diameter 3 mm. The other has eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 8.8 mm., diameter 2.9 mm. Doctor Carpenter’s type of B. (? var.) esurtens is a young shell in a good state of preservation (Cat. No. 14832, U.S.N.M., fig. 2). Bittium attenuatum is a quite variable form, the color ranging from white to chestnut brown at times, variously banded or maculated. The sculpture at times is quite feeble, at others very pronounced. The posterior truncation of the spiral cords and their gentle sloping anteriorly is characteristic of the species. The number of ribs is variable; in some specimens as many as twenty-four occur upon the last turn. There is also an occasional tendency to an intercalation of slender, spiral threads between the prominent keels. Specimens examined. Catalogue : Number of No. Locality. specimens. 32200's \|bManeouverrIsland< 22222224). .ceieoeseehaes cece «cok be eeeeaceeas 1 15584 |»Neah) Bay and Monterey: (coty;pes))- 5-22 --= se aoe esse ee ae ae 2 23261 \limMonterey,; California o458 2. 25a soons et nelse= eee eee eee 6 esl | pee C0 CO SEES a a phe NSO Se ye anil eS Be i 6 23728 9 |2.-28 GOS ESA BI Reece Rae a es eee 1 32207 |..-.-- C6 (cP Bae earn ea tee ar ni SP een ee ere e oie 7 B2224 cee GOs Pe goaiat eee Soe ae eee ite Se ere tee 3 Gea ||Baace Oe Sahn cas Gingeias OBA Cele ce oe Seine e Ce Rita Ome eee eee 3 ECON sscac GOs shed GaSe RE ee Be Ns tn ee au ee PI pea 4 55998 |..... (6 CP Res Ea ey ew ea a Fe ate hes eee ee Se 4 DO999 sees Oz E ie ds Soko Ace See eRe SURES Se eR Le Beeb Che mee 3 56000 |..... (0 Ke eR ee ee ee ee ee ed Se he aR saunas ae eseo oe Sane 2 56844 |...-.. GOR ea saree Benes eke be SaaS ese eee Be eee te aaa 5 56800 ||----4 LOGS Fes ee eee SUS OSS a BE ELIE ee Gree eee Beene Ree 5 BESS ZEaleeee Oso Fah ee a MANS BE ire ee pe La Se lh ea ee ya Ae ae 5 SOOO | eer C0 ae Nl Oa ee a RU Al UA a OE oes 2 14832 | Monterey or Santa Barbara, California (type of B. (? var.) @SUITIGIAS) cee ee ee a eae ee ae eee eee 1 56677. |t¢SantMicguellistinds Californias J2 202222 2s. eee eee eee 1 56907 | (Catalina Island i@alifomiae ca. csssees-2 see bene sees eee eee 15 56908@ |..-.. Oe sie hess See See tae oe Oe PEE ee eee eee 3 INTs | |= cee CLO sae reyes srerie ae clemate oreict oe erate eee eee eC eee Si te 1 160076d |..... LO seated Sep epee SS ae ete ae ar Caer 1 TEOOT(Oin ||Ga 5 1s OMe ee aia ee eter een mms eer Ei atain ayaa paler aee eee 2 14849 | San Pedron@alifonma:s S452 sos sancae noes sae nce ee at seen 3 1584430) | o5oce (0 (a RE aie ean 58 Oe ea oh ieee ee aoe a ae ea Ae 3 185363 ;/|;.-.2 GOS: ey RS ee EL eS eae gem eee ee eee aerate 1 LOST 225 Sees = (6 (op oe a ee eee Sc a erst demerits oats Skee cameo nas 13 ie} 8 5 ol ee LO a AY ES SS a see Ee ne ee PE ae Tey soy 3 195124 Whites: Point. |SanvPedro; Califormian =. seaseneee sce vee cee 180 109513 Terminal Island, San Pedro, California...........-....-----.-- 1 120678 | San Diego, alifornilaice oo eh. we Serer cl pe eto nae 4 66665) f)i22- 23 GOL USELESS Fer eee eee CCE eee ae 2 160078) | 2ee-— 6 (Rhee eas sete eens seni ee eS teresa oma 4 195121. | Foot of Ash Street, San Diego, California.............--...-.- 2 FOSSIL. 212023 | Lower San Pedro series, Deadman’s Island, California........- 2 No. 1826, MOLLUSKS OF THE GANUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 395 BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) ATTENUATUM BOREALE, new subspecies. Plate 54, fig. 4. Shell similar to Bittium attenuatum, but in every way larger and more robust. Sculpture very much stronger than in the typical form; the tubercles well developed on the last whorl, but much weaker than on the earlier ones. The type and fourteen specimens (Cat. No. 211586, U.S.N.M.) come from Barclay Sound, 8-27 fathoms, Vancouver Island. The type has eight post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 10.1 mm., diam- eter 3.5mm. LHighteen additional specimens from the same locality are in the Dominion Geological Survey. BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) ATTENUATUM MULTIFILOSUM Bartsch. Plate 54, fig. 3. Bittium esuriens multifilosum Barrscu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, 1907, p. 179. Shell similar to B. attenuatum, but having seven spiral keels be- tween the sutures on the whorls of the spire instead of four; that is, a strong, intercalated spiral cord between each of the four primary keels. The type (Cat. No. 127051, U.S.N.M.) comes from Whites Point, San Pedro, California. It has ten whorls and measures: Length 9.2 mm., diameter 3 mm. Specimens examined. Catalogue Number of No. Locality. specimens. HGO0Zeal Monterey, Califormiazy jc 22. acetone oo eee e ee ac ceebonsinee 1 SPV RI None ae OR Be A Re RACE oaRIOe eee Are ate ee re Se 3 Ho907b'™ ("Catalina Islarid}'Cahformia = 224 52:5. 52.04 5. ooo bee cee eee le 7 56908) . 1-2 Oe retveter ise Sette berets Sk ae ee eee ane cS Pe eee er 1 495126 -|“San’ Pedro; ‘California’ (50 fathoms) -...........222.5.-..2-.-225 1 1127051 Wihites: Point San Pedro Californias 22.4. 2 goannas 1 1O5125 ee | Eerer LOSS Tn Ae PRA N I E SCOE EEN Ook ME td kt 7 1 Type. BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) ATTENUATUM LATIFILOSUM, new subspecies. Plate 54, fig. 6. Shell similar to Bittiwm attenuatum. Whorls a little higher between the sutures than in the typical form, with four spiral cords between the sutures, which are much broader than in typical attenuatum. The axial ribs are strong on the early whorls, but scarcely indicated on the last volutions. Shell usually mottled. The type (Cat. No. 109509, U.S.N.M.) comes from Terminal Island, California. Two additional specimens (Cat. No. 153086, U.S.N.M.) come from San Pedro, California. BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) SUBPLANATUM, new species. Plate 57, fig. 5. Shell broadly elongate-conic, milk white. Nuclear whorls a little more than one, well rounded, smooth. The first of the post-nuclear whorls well rounded, marked by three spiral cords, one of which is at 396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. —— the summit, another on the middle of the whorl, while the third is a little above the suture. The succeeding turns show four spiral cords. of which the one at the summit is a little less strong than the rest; the remaining three divide the space between the sutures into four equal parts. Beginning with the fourth whorl, intercalated cords make their appearance between the primary ones, so that on the last whorl we have an intercalated cord and sometimes two between all the primary cords; these, however, are never quite as strong as the principal ones. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by decidedly curved, slender, well-rounded, almost vertical, axial ribs, which are scarcely indicated on the first turn, while 14 of them occur upon the second and third, 16 upon the fourth, 18 upon the fifth and sixth, 22 upon the seventh, 24 upon the eighth, and 26 upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the spiral cords and axial ribs form weakly developed, rounded tubercles which are truncated on their posterior margin, while the spaces enclosed between them are very shallow quadrangular pits. Sutures strongly con- stricted. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, marked by slender, spiral cords of which those immediately below the periph- ery are the strongest and are truncated on the posterior margin, sloping gently anteriorly. Of these cords, seven occur on the base of the type. Aperture rather large, irregularly oval, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella decidedly oblique, strongly curved, and reflected. The type (Cat. No. 160076, U.S.N.M.) is one of fifty specimens from Catalina Island, California. It has ten post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 10.9 mm., diameter 3.8 mm. ~ Specimens examined. Catalogue ‘ Number of No. Locality. specimens. ¥160076) | Catalina Island | Califormlacn aeceseckcecsee eo ceeeeeeereeeeetes 50 213013 U.S.B.F. station 2902, off Santa Rosa Island, California (53 fathoms, temper ature 457 5)Sand angi Gd) See ee cee see 59 213014 | U.S.B.F. ‘station 2901, off "Santa Rosa Island, California (48 fathoms, temperature 5 HOSS TUT!) Servant ey eet ese oe 157 213015 | U.S.B.F. station 4552, off Point Pinos Light, California (66-73 fathoms; mud and rock) Seat Aa oe eee See Se eee 5 1600772: | (Catalina tslandhCalifommia se sess see eet ene aeen eee eee eee 3 14935a San'Diego; California. e422 ee lk oe Rae b aicicioe See ee eee 1 195154 | U.S.B.F. station 4309, 9 miles off Point Loma Light, California, (67-78 fathoms; fine sand andbroken shell bottom) .........-. 2 195155 | U.S.B.F. station 4340, off South Point, San Coronado Island, California (46-87 fathoms; fine gray sand) SoA Bates eerie o aa 1 213016 | U.S.B. P. station 4343, off San Coronado Island, California (55-155 fathoms; sand) Bk Be TR RIN Ree Roe Ral LE ei INS ep. 28 213017 | U.S.B. F. station 4348, 6 miles off Point Loma, California, (59-113 fathoms; sand) Be SA eee a ORT OE oee be enoole 10 213018 U.S.B.F. station 4350, off Point Loma, California (81 fathoms; sand: stemperatureio0>) oes a nae cae eee Senos meee anes 6 no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 397 BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) RUGATUM Carpenter. Plate 56, figs. 4 and 5. Bittium rugatum CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 17, 1866, p. 276; =Bittium asperum CARPENTER, not Gabb, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. ie. 1866, p. 276. Shell elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls a little more than one, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, decidedly overhanging, the early ones marked by two strong spiral cords on the anterior half between the sutures, and a third less strongly developed cord at the summit. On the third whorl a fourth spiral makes its appearance between the one at the summit and its neighbor; this fourth spiral soon increases in size, so that on the middle of the shell all four cords are practically of equal strength and spacing. On the last whorl a slender, intercalated cord appears between the anterior two. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by strong, well-rounded, axial ribs, which are merely indicated on the first two whorls; on the third to sixth turn there are 14, on the seventh there are 16, on the eighth 18, and on the penultimate whorl there are 24. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral cords form elongated tubercles which have their long axes parallel with the spiral sculpture. The spaces between the spiral cords and axial ribs are elongated, squarish pits. Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a channel which bears a slender cord. Base well rounded, marked by six spiral cords which grow successively weaker and more closely spaced from the periphery to the umbilical area. Aperture oval, channeled ante- riorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella short, twisted, and reflected. The specimen described and figured has ten post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 10.5 mm., diameter 3.5 mm. It is one of six specimens (Cat. No. 7971, U.S.N.M.) from the post-Pliocene of Santa Barbara, California. Doctor Carpenter’s type (Cat. No. 7154, U.S.N.M.) does not quite represent the norm of this species, the spiral cord at the summit being only feebly developed on the later turns and the basal sculpture being less strong than usual. 398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Specimens examined. Catalogue No. : Number of Locality. specimens. 17154 | Lower Pleistocene, Santa Barbara, California................-. 1 16258) _|\ Mossi; Santa sBarbara, Califormialees.-ose.+ oseeee een eeeeeee 4 7971 Lower Shape Santa Barbara, California (described and UEC). ee ares Seis se aa aie a opinnn seine we oe eeprn cat etene 6 213019 | Lower Pleistocene, Santa Barbara, California:.............-... 24 109515 | Lower Pleistocene, Terminal Island, California... -. Ea ae elie 1 186001 | Lower San Pedro Series, Deadman’s Island, California... ...... 27 Pleistocene; sani Pedros Californias. 4-see o-oo sess ne ee ceereee 6 195127 | Pleistocene, San Pedro Bay, California.....................-.- 3 198761 | Pleistocene, Southern California.......................--.----- 2 148645 | Lower Pleistocene, San Diego, California...................... 20 1 Type. BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) QUADRIFILATUM Carpenter. Plate 58, figs. 2 and 3. Bittium quadrifilatum CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 655. Bittium quadrifilatum CARPENTER, Journ. Conch., ser. 3, vol. 5, 1865, p. 143. Shell rather large, elongate-conic, chestnut brown, dull. Nuclear whorls two, well rounded, smooth, the first obliquely tilted. Post- nuclear whorls shouldered at the summit, moderately rounded, ornamented with four equal and subequally spaced spiral cords, which divide the space between the sutures into four subequal parts. The first of these cords is at the summit of the whorl. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by moderately strong, rounded, vertical, axial ribs, of which 12 occur upon the first, 14 upon the second to fifth, 16 upon the sixth, 18 upon the seventh and the penultimate turn. The spiral cords cross the axial ribs as regular bands, their junctions forming elongated rounded tubercles, having their long axes parallel with the spiral sculpture, while the spaces inclosed between them are well impressed quadrangular pits with their long axes also parallel with the spiral sculpture. On the last whorl very faint, intercalated spiral threads appear between the cords. Sutures channeled, showing a faint trace of the subperipheral cord. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a rather broad channel which shows several faint spiral lirations. Base moderately long, somewhat concave, ornamented with seven subequal and subequally spaced, spiral threads. Aperture irregularly oval, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella moderately long, somewhat twisted, and reflected. The specimen described and figured is one of a lot (Cat. No. 46929, U.S.N.M.) from San Diego, California. It has the nucleus and nine post-nuclearwhorlsand measures: Length 11.5 mm., diameter 3.6 mm. Doctor Carpenter’s type of this species (Cat. No. 14849, U.S.N.M.) which was collected by Doctor Cooper at San Diego, California, is a young specimen having seven post-nuclear whorls, measuring: Length 7 mm., diameter 3 mm. The fossil members of this species no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 399 in our collection average a little larger than the recent shells and have the base a little more strongly sculptured. Equivalents of these, however, occur among the host of recent shells examined. Specimens examined. Number of Catalogue : No. Locality. specimens. iAg4O Me ESaneMicro Califormmiguce.cceicestc--aecccs coc ociee me eoncnececmere 1 S222 bal MOM ere yy Californian. (95a. aac cecsc cee een einerce sme aeee 3 56003 |.---- Clase tee Ses Seas Oe AEE ne ae ete BEE SA ee eee ee Oe 1 160893. |----. GOES Rie ea 2G aaiage esis ne loccjmrpe oles wae oe eee ae od sieoabence 1 195ltoe™ |(Saneledro bay Cahiormige.-..cs- +. seems. ~- alse ee cbece sss 6 160080 | San Diego Bay, California (in mud on flats at low tide) z2a5 if 73724 | San Diego, California (in mud adhering to sponges)........---. 14 55995 | San Diego, CaliiOrnigy gta saan a ose tienchras ae cecan else on 49 S220 |= 6 GLO CBee tacit anes Sane reheat ee es eget eee 14 46929 | San Diego, California (described and figured) ioe see cane cscs 43 195158 | San Diego, Californitasees wae eh ses see ane sete Sade oss Sekine 1 194388 |...-.- OO eee ora ciakie saisaaieinie = aieieoetoiasaia = ci toca emissige wine semelaaicie screws 2 32220a)) |----- GOR 2 He ae eee Sage tig das ceseisitiejeioe sgalsacdeeeence ce. acee 2 bay a Soh CLO eee ate ere eee ree Bee Oe ese aie Sessa Neca aise ene 30 109364c |...-. (Olt Re eee Ee rts] En MS One E Be 5 So Cee ee panes Saree 2 105569 Bees ee. Lagoon, Lower California (mud flats, between IES) Sop aece seme ceicencees rete cmos seats cdes seme wiveicmeceiece 5 FOSSIL. 22819 | Santa Barbara, California (Lower Pleistocene) +: 1 (LS4GP Ne one OS Se ey aera Cem here a eye ars sian Pe tera asa ae i= Seeice ema 1 1 Type. BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) NICHOLSI, new species. Plate 57, fig. 1. Shell moderately large, broadly conic, light brown. Early nuclear whorls decollated, the last one smooth. Post-nuclear whorls strongly shouldered at the summit, well rounded, ornamented on the early turns by four spiral cords. Beginning with the third whorl, a fifth cord makes its appearance, halfway between the one at the summit and its neighbor, which rapidly develops until it equals the others in strength. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by numerous, strongly retractive, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon all the turns. The spiral cords pass over the axial ribs as bands and render the junctions of the cords and ribs tuberculate, the tubercles being elongate with their long axes coinciding with the spiral sculp- ture. The: spaces inclosed ee the spiral cords and axial ribs are very elongate, rectangular pits, with their long axes parallel with the spiral penlpntines Sutures strongly channeled. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a broad channel which shows several slender, spiral threads and the feeble continuations of the axial ribs. Base somewhat concave in the middle, marked by nine spiral cords, of which the two immediately below the periphery are equal and much stronger than the rest, which are also equal and equally spaced. Entire surface of spire and base crossed by numerous, slender lines of growth. Aperture oval, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within and some- 400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. what wavy at the edge; columella very oblique, slightly twisted, and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. | The type (Cat. No. 195163, U.S.N.M.) is a young specimen having six post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 6.1 mm., diameter 2.8 mm. It comes from the Gulf of California. BITTIUM (SEMIBITTIUM) NITENS Carpenter. Plate 57, fig. 2. Bittium nitens CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 618. Bittium nitens CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 13, 1864, p. 479. Shell elongate-conic, white, semitranslucent, variegated with rust brown, shiny. Nuclear whorls a lttle more than one, smooth. Early post-nuclear whorls with a decidedly sloping shoulder which extends from the middle of the whorl to the appressed summit; the later ones well rounded. The early whorls are ornamented with three spiral cords, of which one is at the summit, the second at the angle of the shoulder, and the third a little posterior to the suture. On the third post-nuclear whorl a fourth cord makes its appearance at the summit, increasing rapidly in size until it equals the other three. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by some- what irregular, variously sloping, moderately rounded, axial ribs, of which 12 occur upon the second, 10 upon the third and fourth, 12 upon the fifth, 14 upon the sixth and the penultimate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles, which slope more abruptly posteriorly than anteriorly, while the spaces inclosed between them are rectangular pits, having their long axes parallel with the spiral sculpture. Sutures some- what constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a slender sulcus. Base short, rounded, marked by three equal spiral cords, of which two occur immediately below the periphery, while the third encircles the base of the columella. Entire surface of spire and base crossed by numerous lines of growth. Aperture subquadrate, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered sinuous by the external sculp- ture; columella oblique, slender, and somewhat revolute; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type (Cat. No. 4068, U.S.N.M.) comes from Cape San Lucas, Lower California. It has eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 5.7 mm., diameter 0.2 mm. no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 401 BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) INTERFOSSA Carpenter. Plate 51, figs. 2 and 6. Rissoa interfossa CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Ady. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 656. Cerithiopsis fortior CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 660. Cerithiopsis fortior CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 337. Rissoina interfossa CARPENTER, Proc. California Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 3, 1866, pr 217. Shell rather large and robust, white, sometimes light brown. Nuclear whorls small, two; the first obliquely tilted, smooth; the second with two strong spiral cords which divide the space between the sutures into three equal areas. Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, strongly slopingly shouldered, ornamented with two strong spiral keels, which divide the space between the sutures into three equal areas, and very strong, vertical, axial ribs, 16 of which occur upon each of the turns. The intersections of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form strong elongated tubercles, the long axes of which coincide with the spiral sculpture. These tubercles slope more abruptly posteriorly than anteriorly. The intersections of the axial ribs and the spiral cords inclose shallow squarish pits. Sutures weakly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong keel to which the axial ribs extend feebly. This keel is a little nearer to the first post-peripheral keel than that is to its posterior neighbor. Base moderately long, marked by two very strong keels, which divide the space between the peripheral keel and the tip of the columella into three equal areas, the spaces between the keels being very deep and a little wider than the keels. Entire surface of spire and base, including the ribs and intercostal spaces, crossed by numerous, fine, closely spaced, spiral striations. Aper- ture irregular, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thick within, thin at edge, rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella stout, strongly twisted, and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thick callus. The specimen described and figured is one of a lot (Cat. No. 56906, U.S.N.M.) from Catalina Island, California, the type-locality. It has nine post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 8.3 mm., diame- ter 3.1 mm. The type is a much-worn young specimen having seven post-nuclear whorls, and measuring: Length 6.2 mm. 80796°—Proc. N.M.vol. 40—11 26 402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, Specimens examined. Catalogue F Number of No. Locality. specimens. 46166.)))|) Monterey; Califormiae ace aecccoess ack eee eee eee cee eee 3 160891 |....-. GOs senna Sac cee sen cceemiasenee ese anace ce aacereeeoe satee miseveie 1 LOBLTT Heese GO sis SS ee tein Joke lore einai alae clslome sete ee nee ane ene 2 203670 |USanta- barbara. Califormiaemcecce cer secre ceter oe oe eeae eee 1 1994860 Catalina nislan Gd @alitOnmi deep re cee eecya ie eee een esee te eee 1 Z315O os os Oe es EE eet ye ferns Ate ee oe eRe Ani eas at es Ie 3 56906 | Catalina Island, California (described and figured)............. 65 569070, Catalina island. Califomiates= sceeeeties sseeceacceeee set ereenee 3 1600760" |... -2.- GOs eR, eet See re ee ee eee ie ae coe re 3 153443's) NSanebedroyCalifonmigesw.c sec see sepa ee eee eee ome ee 6 195164 | Whites Point, San Pedro Bay, California...................... 10 TO9SIG! 4) Lenminaltsland: Calitormia=ssseescceee ones ea-eeeecree saree 1 195165 | Pacific Beach, California........ Baa seek eclciisiasio seen wa aeeeee 1 1626750"| (wadollanCaliformiasssas<2 S2sceseeeeee ee eee ceteeee =a eee 2 105591)" |\-San DiegorCaliformiasesjjy ss se sees bec heese-eeeaesee ae oaee 3 1 Type. BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) CATALINENSE Bartsch. Plate 51, fig. 1. Bittium catalinensis BArtscH, Smiths. Misc. Coll. (Quarterly Issue), vol. 50, 1907, pt. 4, p. 28, pl. 57, fig. 13. Shell elongate-conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorls a little more than one, marked by two strong spiral cords which divide the turns into three equal areas. Post-nuclear whorls shouldered at the summit, marked by three nodulose spiral keels; one of these, which is a little below the summit, is less strongly developed than the other two on all but the last turn; on this turn it is practically equal to the others. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by rather strong, well-rounded axial ribs which are about two-thirds as wide as the spaces which separate them. Of these ribs, 16 occur upon the first to fifth, 18 upon the sixth and seventh, 20 upon the eighth, and 24 upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form strong cusp-like nodules, which are suddenly truncated posteriorly and slope gently to the succeeding cord anteri- orly. The space between the summit and the truncated end of the first row of tubercles forms a strong shoulder. The spaces inclosed between the spiral keels and the axial ribs are moderately impressed rounded pits. Sutures strongly constricted, showing the greater part of the peripheral cord on all the turns. Periphery and base of the last whorl marked by five spiral cords which grow successively weaker from the periphery to the umbilical area. These cords are truncated on the posterior margin and slope gently anteriorly until they fuse with the general surface of the shell. Aperture irregular, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella oblique, somewhat twisted; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. © No. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 4038 The type (Cat. No. 165232, U.S.N.M.) comes from the Pleistocene at Santa Barbara, California. It has nine and one-half post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 7.5 mm., diameter 2.8 mm. The present species occurs both recent and fossil. The recent shells are slightly slenderer than the fossil form. Specimens examined. Catalogue Number of No. Locality. specimens. 1165232 pants Barbara, California, Lower Pleistocene.................. if ZOO (ial | eto OO meee hy iets Rais cee eine eee oe a aac See eels oe emcee 2 213020 | Deadmans Island (Lower San Pedro Series) Sacmasenscnoce ens 1 Pao RGatahnansiancdy Califormiaueses= cee cee eee neeee ce eee ee 2 195152 | Off Catalina Island, Galliforniassas case se nic sence ae cen ee canoe 1 4310 | Eight miles off Point Loma iehty Californias s-c-s.lee ee nee 17 1 Type. BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) CATALINENSE INORNATUM, new subspecies. Plate 51, fig. 3. Shell similar to Bittium catalinense, but lacking the plain spiral keel in the suture. The type (Cat. No. 195153, U.S.N.M.) comes from 40 fathoms off Catalina Island, California. It has ten post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 7.2 mm., diameter 2.3 mm. Another specimen (Cat. No. 193695, U.S.N.M.) is-also from Catalina Island, while a third (Cat. No. 148649, U.S.N.M.) comes from the Lower Pleistocene deposits at San Diego, California. BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) ORNATISSIMUM, new species. Plate 52, figs. 4 and 5. Shell elongate-conic, creamy white. Nuclear whorls one and one- half, marked by two slender threads which divide the space between the sutures into three equal parts. Post-nuclear whorls strongly shouldered at the summit, marked by three strong spiral keels which divide the space between the sutures into four almost equal parts. The space between the first of these keels below the summit and the summit is a little narrower than the rest. In addition to these three strong spiral keels, intercalated keels are present, the first of which is at the summit, while another occurs between each of the other keels. On the last whorl these attain a strength almost equal to that of the primary keels. In addition to this spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by well-developed, slightly retractive, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the first and second, 15 upon the third, 16 upon the fourth, 18 upon the fifth and sixth, 20 upon the seventh, 22 upon the eighth, 28 upon the ninth and tenth, and 34 upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral keels form strong 4.04 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, cusps which are suddenly truncated posteriorly and slope gently anteriorly, the spaces inclosed between them being small, rounded pits. Sutures channeled. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a slender cord. Base moderately prolonged, ornamented by six spiral cords, of which the two immediately anterior to the periphery and the two at the base of the columella are decidedly stronger than the rest. Aperture rather large, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella stout, twisted, somewhat revolute, and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a moderately thick callus. The type (Cat. No. 194413, U.S.N.M.) comes from Deadmans Island, San Pedro, California. It has lost the nucleus and probably the first two post-nuclear turns; the nine remaining measure: Length 12.1 mm., diameter 4 mm. A young specimen from the same lot, which furnished the description of the nucleus, has ten post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 9.2 mm., diameter 3.3 mm. Specimens examined. Catalogue : Number of No. Locality. specimens. 1194413 Deadmans Island, Lower San Pedro Series, San Pedro, Califor- 5 | a ee ah a ee See er Ree hs te, Sees aed 8 195162> |b... 2 QOnnc a cheeks ote es ter eee cipiste bce rae ietad = Riese see tae 2 109517 Terminal island .Califomidsessce sss eee ee eee eaeeeee Seer 2 11803 Santa Barbara, California (Lower Pleistocene)............-.-.-- 1 1 Type. BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) MUNITUM Carpenter. Plate 53, figs. 1 and 2. Cerithiopsis munita CARPENTER, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. for 1863, 1864, p. 628 and p. 660. Cerithiopsis munita CARPENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 31. Shell elongate-conic, yellowish white. Nuclear whorls a little more than one (with the sculpture abraded in all our specimens). Post- nuclear whorls strongly shouldered at the summit, marked by three strong, equal and equally spaced spiral keels, which are a little wider than the spaces that separate them. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by somewhat retractive axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon the second, 20 upon the third, 24 upon the fourth and fifth, and 28 upon the penultimate. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral keels form strong tubercles, while the spaces between them are well impressed, rounded pits. Sutures subchanneled. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a strong channel, across which the feeble continuations of the axial ribs extend. Base moderately long, marked by six strong spiral cords which grow successively weaker from the periphery to the umbilical area. In addition to the No. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 405 above sculpture, the entire surface of the spire and base is crossed by numerous fine lines of growth and exceedingly fine, spiral striations. Aperture subquadrate, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella short, stout, somewhat twisted, and reflected parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. There are ten specimens of this species (Cat. No. 15501, U.S.N.M.) collected by Swan at Neah Bay, Washington, which bear the legend ‘type.’ One of these (fig. 1) has seven post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 7.8 mm., diameter 3 mm. Another (fig. 2) meas- ures 7 mm. long. BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) MUNITUM MUNITOIDE, new subspecies. Plate 53, fig. 4. This is the southern race of Bittitum munitum. It differs from B. munitum proper in being smaller and in having many more ribs, as many as 40 occurring upon the last whorl. The type, one of 115 specimens (Cat. No. 152164, U.S.N.M.) from San Pedro, California, has ten post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 8.2 mm., diameter 2.3mm. Another lot from Whites Point, San Pedro Bay, California, contains 106 specimens. Four specimens were dredged in 50 fathoms off San Pedro, California. BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) ASPERUM Gabb. Plate 56, fig. 3. F Turbonilla aspera GABB, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 368; =Bittium asperum GABB, Pal. California, ser. 2, p. 72, pl. 2, fig. 20, 1869; =Bittium barbarense Bartscu, Smiths. Misc. Coll. (Quarterly Issue), vol. 50, 1907, pt. 4, p. 28, pl. 57, fig. 15. Not Bittiwm ? asperum CarpENTER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 17, p. 276, 1866; =Bittium rugatum CARPENTER. Shell elongate-conic, creamy white. Nuclear whorls small, a little more than one, marked by two moderately strong, spiral cords, one a little posterior to the periphery and the other on the middle of the whorl, otherwise smooth. Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, strongly, slopingly shouldered, the first marked by two spiral cords like those on the nuclear whorls, the second showing an inter- calated cord between the two, leaving the posterior half of the whorls free of sculpture and with a strong, sloping shoulder. On the suc- ceeding whorls the shoulder is crossed by one and two spiral cords, less strong than those anterior to them. In addition to the spiral sculpture the whorls are marked by somewhat curved, almost vertical axial ribs, which begin on the second whorl and rapidly increase in strength. There are 12 of these ribs on each of the second to ninth ‘turns. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral cords form 406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 40. prominent cusps which are suddenly truncated posteriorly, and slope gently anteriorly until they fuse with the general surface of the shell. Sutures well impressed. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, marked by about nine feeble spiral cords of which the first two immediately below the periphery are the strongest. Aperture subquadrate, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip rendered somewhat sinuous by the external sculpture; columella moderately long, twisted, and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. Gabb’s type came from the Lower Pleistocene deposits at Santa Barbara, Califoinia. The specimen described and figured (Cat. No. 165231, U.S.N.M.) is a fossil from Santa Barbara. It has 10 post- nuclear whorls (having lost the nucleus and probably the first post- nuclear turn) and measures: Length 8.3 mm., diameter 2.9 mm. Specimens examined. Number of Catalogue : No. Locality. specimens. 165231 | Upper Pliocene, Fernando Formation, Bath-house Beach, 1 Santa Barbara, California (described and figured). 7970 | Lower Pleistocene, Santa Barbara, California...............--- 2 166051 |...-. GO eS ee eae ain is Sesiciate cc Sele Mere sie Cease eerste 10 PAROS eae Os aa eee eh see es see ins aie abi eS tee ere lorereat a a eee ee 13 195129 | Lower Pleistocene, Lower San Pedro Series, Deadman’s 1 Island, California. 148650 | Lower Pleistocene, Sant Diego}iCaliformmia see —-- nee ae ae 1 BITTTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) ASPERUM LOMAENSE, new subspecies, Plate 56, fig. 2 Shell similar to B. asperum Gabb, but differing in being uniformly smaller, more slender, and in having more ribs. A specimen of B. asperum with 10 post-nuclear whorls measures: Length 8.1 mm., while one of B. a. lomaense of the same number of whorls measures 7.1 mm. B. a. lomaense is a living representative of B. asperum, which is a post-Pliocene species. The type (Cat. No. 195130, U.S.N.M.) and 21 specimens were dredged at U. S. Bureau of Fisheries station No. 4310, in 71-75 fathoms, off Point Loma Light, California, on gray mud and fine sand bottom. The type has ten post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 7.1 mm., diameter 2.3mm. Cat. No. 23744, U.S.N.M., contains 24 speci- mens dredged in 30 fathoms off Santa Catalina Island, California. BITTIUM (LIROBITTIUM) CERRALVOENSE, new species. Plate 55, fig. 1 Shell elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls one and one-hal:, having two cords which divide the space into three equal parts. Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, decidedly overhang- No, 1826, MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSOH. 407 ing, marked on the first whorl by a strong, median keel and a feeble cord halfway between this and the suture, the space between the median keel and the summit forming a strongly sloping shoulder. On the third post-nuclear turn two slender spiral cords appear, one of which is at the summit and the other halfway between this and the median cord. On the fifth whorl an additional spiral cord is intercalated between the two on the shoulder. The cords on the shoulder and also the one anterior to the median grow rapidly in strength until finally, on the last volution, they are practically all equal. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by moderately strong, decidedly curved, almost vertical, distant axial ribs. These are quite absent on the early whorls, being first indi- cated on the third post-nuclear turn. On the fourth there are 12, on the fifth to seventh there are 14, on the eighth 18, and on the penultimate turn 20. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral cords form weak, elongated tubercles; the long axes of which coin- cide with the spiral sculpture, while the spaces inclosed between the two appear as very elongated, narrow pits. Sutures moderately constricted, showing a portion of the peripheral keel. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a keel about as wide as the strong spiral cords between the sutures. Base short, slightly rounded, marked by five spiral cords which decrease in size and spacing from the periphery to the umbilical area, Aperture subquadrate, chan- neled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, sinuous at the edge; columella moder- ately strong, oblique, somewhat twisted, and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type and 4 specimens (Cat. No. 96899, U.S.N.M.) were dredged at U.S. Bureau of Fisheries station No. 2828, in 10 fathoms, on shell bottom, off Cerralvo Island, Gulf of California. The type has nine and one-half post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 7.9 rm., diameter 2.8 mm. BITTIOM (SEMIBITTIUM) LARUM, new species. Plate 57, fig. 4. Shell very regularly elongate-conic, light brown. Nuclear whorls at least two, worn. Post-nuclear whorls appressed at the summit, decidedly overhanging. The early post-nuclear whorls are marked by four equal and equally spaced spiral cords, the first of which is at the summit; these cords divide the space between the sutures into four equal parts. On the sixth whorl intercalated spiral cords make their appearance in the middle, between all the primary cords; these attain a little more than half the strength of the primary cords on the last turn. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by moderately strong, almost vertical, axial ribs, of which 14 occur 408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. upon all but the penultimate turn, which has 18. The intersections of the axial ribs and spiral cords form elongate tubercles, which have their long axis parallel with the spiral sculpture. The spaces inclosed between the axial ribs and spiral cords are rectangular pits on the early whorls and broad, incised lines on the later ones. Sutures slightly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl angulated, marked by a spiral cord. Base short, slightly concave in the middle, marked by six spiral cords which grow successively weaker from the periph- ery to the umbilical region. In addition to the above sculpture, the entire surface of spire and base is marked by fine lines of growth and numerous exceedingly fine, spiral striations. Aperture quadrangular, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered sinuous at the edge by the external sculpture; columella moderately strong, twisted, and reflected ; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type and 2 specimens (Cat. No. 195156, U.S.N.M.) were dredged in 4 fathoms at San Pedro, California. The type has ten post- nuclear whorls and measures: Length 10 mm., diameter 3.3 mm. BITTIUM OLDROYD4&, new species. Plate 51, fig. 5. Shell very large, chestnut brown. (Nuclear whorls decollated in all our specimens.) Post-nuclear whorls moderately rounded, orna- mented with three spiral keels, which are truncated on their posterior margin and slope gently anteriorly until they fuse with the general mass of the shell. These keels divide the space between the sutures into four almost equal parts, the space between the summit and the first keel being a little narrower than the rest. In addition to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by slightly retractive axial ribs, of which 12 occur upon the second, 14 upon the third and fourth, 16 upon the fifth to seventh, 18 upon the eighth, 20 upon the ninth and tenth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. These ribs extend from the summit to the suture. Their intersections with the spiral cords form strong, cusped nodules, which slope more abruptly anteriorly than posteriorly. The spaces inclosed between the spiral keels and the axial ribs are considerably wider than the ribs or cords and form squarish pits. Sutures strongly marked, showing a slender, smooth, peripheral cord (to which the axial ribs extend) on almost all the turns. Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, marked by six well-rounded spiral cords, which grow successively weaker, and a little more closely spaced from the periphery to the umbilicus. Entire surface of spire and base crossed by numerous slender axial lines of growth. Aperture moderately large, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 409 sculpture; columella stout, flexuose, and reflected; parictal wall coy- ered with a thick callus. The type (Cat. No. 196209, U.S.N.M.), which has lost the nucleus and probably the first two post-nuclear turns, has twelve whorls remaining, which measure: Length 13.3 mm., diameter 3.8mm. The type was collected in drift in Lower California. Two other specimens (Cat. No. 195161, U.S.N.M.) come from Destruction Island, Wash- ington. Cat. No. 198101, U.S.N.M., contains 2 specimens labeled “West Coast,’ without specific locality. The distribution of this species is rather peculiar. Named for Mrs. Ida S. Oldroyd. BITTIUM FETELLUM, new species. Plate 51, fig. 4. Shell moderately large, elongate-conic, light yellow. (Nuclear whorls decollated in all our specimens.) Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, slightly shouldered at the summit, marked by three slender, spiral keels, which divide the space between the sutures into four equal areas. (In addition to the three spiral keels, there is a tend- ency in many of the specimens to have feeble, intercalated cords between the stronger ones.) The axial sculpture consists of decidedly curved, slender ribs, of which 20 occur upon the fourth post-nuclear whorl in the type, 22 upon the fifth, and about 36 upon the penul- timate turn. The spaces inclosed between the ribs and the spiral cords are large, shallow, squarish pits on all the turns but the last; on this they are much longer than broad, their long axes coinciding with the axial sculpture. The intersections of the ribs and spiral cords form slender, sharp cusps. Sutures strongly constricted. Base of the last whorl moderately long, slightly curved, marked by four spiral cords, of which the two middle ones are equal and stronger than the others. Entire surface of spire and base marked by nu- merous strong lines of growth. Aperture large, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, rendered sinuous by the exter- nal sculpture; columella very oblique, curved, and reflected; parietal wall glazed with a thick callus. The type and 28 specimens (Cat. No. 198617, U.S.N.M.) were dredged in 16 fathoms off Catalina Island, California. The type has lost the nuclear whorls; the seven. remaining measure: Length 9.3 mm., diameter 3.5 mm. BITTIUM DECUSSATUM Carpenter. Plate 52, fig. 2. Cerithiopsis decussata CARPENTER, Cat. Mazatian Shells, 1857, p. 445. Shell elongate-conic, yellowish-white banded with reddish-brown at the base. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls marked by three strong, spiral keels, of which the first is slightly 410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. “vou. 40. below the summit and renders this decidedly shouldered. In addi- tion to the spiral keels, the whorls are marked by axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the second, 16 upon the third, 20 upon the fourth, 24 upon the fifth and sixth, 26 upon the seventh, and 28 upon the eighth and penultimate turns. The intersections of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form well-rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are squarish pits. Sutures strongly constricted. Base of the last whorl rather long, marked by three prominent spiral keels and a fourth slender thread at the columella. Aperture irregular, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella short, stout, twisted, and reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The type is on tablet 2034, Liverpool collection, British Museum. It has nine post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 4 mm., diame- ter 1.3 mm. Our figure is copied from a camera lucida sketch by Doctor Carpenter. BITTIUM GIGANTEUM, new species. Plate 55, fig. 2. Shell elongate-conic, very large, white. Nuclear whorls decollated. Early post-nuclear whorls with a strongly sloping shoulder, marked by three spiral keels, one of which is at the summit, another median, and the other a little nearer the median than the suture. On the succeeding turns an additional cord makes its appearance, between the one at the summit and the median keel, soon gaining sufficient strength to equal the one at the summit. In addition to these spiral cords, the whorls are marked by strong, well-rounded, curved, retractive, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the second, 16 upon the third to fifth, 18 upon the sixth to tenth, and 22 upon the penulti- mate turn. The junctions of the axial ribs and spiral cords form well rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are well impressed, squarish pits. On the last two whorls additional spiral cords make their appearance on either side of the median cord. Sutures very strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a channel across which the feeble continuations of the axial ribs extend. Base short, slightly rounded, marked by a cord immediately below the periphery and slender incised lines anterior to this. Aperture moderately large, subquadrate, chan- neled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella short, almost straight, and reflected; parietal wall covered with a thick callus. The type and additional specimens (Cat. No. 14935, U.S.N.M.) come from the post-Pliocene of San Diego, California. The type has 12 post-nuclear whorls (having lost the nucleus and probably No. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 411 two of the first post-nuclear turns) and measures: Length 18.8 mm., diameter 0.5 mm. An additional specimen (Cat. No. 195128, U.S.N.M.) comes from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California. BITTIUM CASMALIENSE, new species. Plate 55, fig. 3. Shell very large and robust, white. Nucleus and early post-nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls marked by four equal and almost equally spaced, strong, spiral cords which divide the space between the sutures into four almost equal areas. The first of these cords is at the summit. In addition to the spiral cords, the whorls are marked by strong, well rounded, almost vertical, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the second, 16 upon the third and fourth, 18 upon the fifth, 20 upon the sixth, while upon the penultimate and last of the remaining turns they become obsolete and irregular. The axial ribs are fully twice as strong as the spiral cords and the inter- sections of the two form well rounded, elongate tubercles, the long axes of which coincide with the spiral sculpture. The spaces inclosed between the spiral cords and axial ribs are very deeply impressed, oval pits on the early whorls, while on the later ones they are shallow, rectangular pits. Sutures moderately constricted, showing a portion of the peripheral cord. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded, marked by a well rounded, slender, spiral cord. Base well rounded, marked by a single cord a little less strong than the peripheral, and a little nearer the peripheral cord than that is to the cord posterior to it. Aperture fractured, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; columella stout and somewhat twisted. The type (Cat. No. 165279, U.S.N.M.) has the last seven whorls and measures: Length 18 mm., diameter 6 mm. It comes from the Fernando Formation, Lower Pliocene, at the railroad cut, 1 mile north of Schumann, Santa Barbara County, California. BITTIUM ARNOLDI, new species. Plate 56, fig. 1. Shell very large, broadly elongate-conic, white. (Nucleus and early post-nuclear whorls decollated.) The remaining whorls with appressed summit, marked by four strong, spiral cords which divide the space between the sutures into four equal parts. The first of these cords is at the summit. The spaces between the strong spiral cords are divided by intercalated spirals which are well developed, but not quite as strong as the primary cords. On the last turn two of these intercalated spirals occur between all but the third and fourth below the summit, where three are present. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by moderately strong, curved, well rounded, axial ribs, of which 14 occur upon the third 412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. and fourth, 16 upon the fifth to seventh, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The intersections of the axial ribs and the spiral cords form narrow, elongate tubercles the long axes of which coincide with the spiral sculpture. The spaces between the spirals appear as broad, strongly incised lines. Sutures moderately impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a spiral cord equal to the stronger cords between the sutures. Base well rounded, ornamented with 10 sub- equal and subequally spaced spiral cords. Aperture moderately large, channeled anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; columella stout, twisted, oblique, and reflected. The type (Cat. No. 165265, U.S.N.M.) has the last eight post- nuclear whorls, which measure: Length 16.8 mm., diameter 7 mm. It comes from the Fernando Formation, Lower Pliocene, at the Wal- dorf asphalt mine, 3 miles southeast of Guadaloupe, Santa Barbara County, California. Named for Dr. Ralph Arnold of Pasadena. BITTIUM MEXICANUM, new species. Plate 58, fig. 1. Shell elongate-conic, brown. Nuclear whorls decollated. Post- nuclear whorls well rounded, appressed at the summit, marked on the first four turns by four spiral cords which divide the space between the sutures into four equal parts; the first of these cords is at the summit. The first basal cord becomes apparent in the suture of all the turns and gives the shell the appearance of having five cords between the sutures on the spire. Beginning with the fifth whorl, a slender, spiral cord appears immediately below the cord at the sum- mit and increases rapidly in strength until, on the last whorl, it is about half as strong as the cord at the summit. Another intercalated cord begins on the sixth whorl, between the fourth cord and the basal cord. In addition to the spiral sculpture, the whorls are marked by slender, rounded, axial ribs, of which 20 occur upon the third, 16 upon the fourth to sixth, and 30 upon the penultimate turn. Intersections of the axial ribs and spiral cords form low, rounded tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them are rec- taneular pits, having their long axes parallel with the spiral sculp- ture on all but the last whorl; on this they are squarish pits. Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a channel. Base moderately long, concave, marked by six feeble, spiral cords, grouped in two series of three, one of which is imme- diately below the periphery and the other surrounds the base of the columella. Aperture irregularly ovate, channeled anteriorly; pos- terior angle acute; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within, rendered sinuous by the external sculpture; columella oblique, somewhat twisted, and reflected. no. 1826. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM—BARTSCH. 413 The type (Cat. No. 126774, U.S.N.M.) comes from the Gulf of California. It has lost the nucleus. The eight remaining turns measure: Length 6.1 mm., diameter 2.1 mm. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. All of the figures are enlarged about eight times. The measurement cited after each species is the actual length of the specimen. PLATE 51. Fie. 1. Bittiwm (Lirobittium) catalinense,; type; 7.5 mm.; p. 402. . Bittium (Lirobittium) interfossa; type; 6.2 mm.; p. 401. . Bittium (Lirobittium) catalinense inornatum,; type; 7.2 mm.; p. 403. . Bittium (subgenus?) fetellum,; type; 9.3 mm.; p. 409. . Bittium (subgenus?) oldroydx; type; 13.38 mm.; p. 408. . Bittium (Lirobittium) interfossa; 8.3 mm.; p. 401. oO oF CD Re PLATE 52. Fia. 1. Bittiwm (Semibittitum) purpureum ; Cat. No. 56004, U.S.N.M.; p. 391. . Bittium (subgenus?) decussatum; type; 4mm.; p. 409. . Bittium (Semibittium) purpureum, cotype; 7.3 mm.; p. 391. . Bittium (Lirobittium) ornatissimum, type; 12.1 mm.; p. 403. . Bittium (Lirobittium) ornatissimum,; 9.2 mm.; p. 403. . Bittium (Semibittium) armillatum; type; 9.5 mm.; p. 391. oor oN FE Puate 53. Fie. 1. Bittiwum (Lirobittium) munitum; cotype; 7.8 mm.; p. 404. . Bittium (Lirobittium) munitum; cotype; 7 mm.; p. 404. . Bittium (Semibittium) vancouverense; cotype; 7.8 mm.; p. 392. . Bittium (Lirobittium) muntum munitoide; type; 8.2 mm.; p. 405. . Bittium (Bittium) panamense; type; 14 mm.; p. 386. . Bittium (Bittium) johnstone; type; 7.9 mm.; p. 387. Ook WN Puate 54. Fia. 1. Bittium (Semibittium) atitenuatum; cotype; 8.8 mm.; p. 393. . Bittium (Semibittium) attenuatum (type of B. esuriens).; p. 393. . Bittium (Semibittium) attenuatum multifilosum,; type; 9.2 mm.; p. 395. . Bittium (Semibittium) attenuatum boreale; type; 10.1 mm.; p. 395. . Bittium (Semibittium) atienuatum,; cotype; 10.2 mm.; p. 393. . Bittium (Semibittium) attenuatum latifilosum,; type; 10 mm.; p. 395. oor WN eH PLATE 55. Fic. 1. Bittium (Lirobittium) cerralvoense; type; 7.9 mm.; p. 406. 2. Bittiwm (subgenus?) giganteum,; type; 18.8 mm.; p. 410. 3. Bittium (subgenus?) casmaliense; type; 18 mm.; p. 411. PLATE 56. Fie. 1. Bittiwm (subgenus?) arnoldi; type; 16.8 mm.; p. 411. . Bittium (Lirobittium) asperum lomaense; type; 7.1 mm.; p. 406. . Bittium (Lirobittium) asperum, 8.3 mm.; p. 405. . Bittium (Semibittium) rugatum; type; 12 mm.; p. 397. . Bittium (Semibittium) rugatum; 10 mm.; p. 397. oP ON e 414 Fig. or WN FE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. PuaTE 57. Bittium (Semibittium) nicholsi; type; 6.1 mm.; p. 399. . Bittium (Semibittium) nitens; type; 5.7 mm.; p. 400. . Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtit icelum; type; 15 mm.; p. 388. . Bittium (Semibittium) larum,; type; 10 mm.; p. 407. . Bittium (Semibittium) subplanatum; type; 10.9 mm.; p. 395. PLATE 58. . Bittium (subgenus?) mexicanum; type; 6.1 mm.; p. 412. . Bittium (Semibittium) quadrifilatum, type; 7 mm.; p. 398. . Bittium (Semibittium) quadrifilatum; 11.5 mm.; p. 398. . Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtti; 14 mm.; p. 387. . Bittium (Stylidium) eschrichtit montereyense; type; 13.8 mm.; p. 389. VoL. 40. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 51 WEsT AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 52 WesT AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 53 WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 54 WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 55 WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413, PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 56 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM West AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 413, PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 57 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WeEsT AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 414. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 58 5 WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS BITTIUM. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 414, [SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE PHILIPPINE CRUISE OF THE FISHERIES STEAMER “ALBATROSS,” 1907-10 —No. 10.] NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. By Wa ter K. FIsHer, Of Stanford University, California. \ Se ee V io The new genera and species of starfishes described in this paper were obtained in the region of the Philippine Islands by the U. S. Fisheries steamer Albatross during her cruise of 1907-1910. These species will be fully illustrated and described in greater detail in the final report on the collection, now in course of preparation. Family PORCELLANASTERIDA, BENTHOGENIA, new genus. Related to Thoracaster Sladen, but differing in having eribriform organs between all the marginals, in having the dorsal surface of distal half of ray one continuous cribriform organ, in having the cribriform organs of interbrachium merged into one, in the spinifer- ous distal superomarginals, and in the presence of a large spiniferous terminal plate, dorsal in position. No odd interradial marginal. Superomarginals increasing in size very gradually to the sixth, which is considerably larger than the rest and meets its fellow in median line of ray; beyond this point all superomarginals in contact. Crib- riform organs 29 or 30, the distal ones rudimentary and the 11 of the interbrachium merged into one (as far as middle of sixth supero- marginal); structure papilliform. Adambulacral plates with a nu- merous furrow series and numerous smaller spinelets on surface. Actinal interradial areas extensive, covered with small spaced spine- lets. Intermediate plates extend nearly to end of ray. Abactinal paxillee large, crowded. Type.—Benthogenia cribellosa, new species. BENTHOGENIA CRIBELLOSA, new speries. Rays 5. R=78 mm., r=about 30 mm., R=about 2.6 r; breadth of ray at base, about 34 mm., at sixth superomarginal, 12 mm. Over PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEuM, VOL. 40—No. 1827. 415 416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. half of ray formed by superomarginals which meet in median line. Superomarginals massive, increasing in size from the first to sixth, which is decidedly larger than the rest and meets its fellow on dorsal median line; next 6 plates decreasing slightly, higher than wide, and bearmg on the rounded dorsolateral angle a stubby conical spine; final 3 or 4 plates decreasing rapidly in size and covered by the big, elliptical, very convex spiniferous terminal piate, margined by a fimbriate channel. Inferomarginals lower than superomarginals and beyond the sixth plate not corresponding to them, but near tip of ray alternating, there being one more in the series. Cribriform organs spiniform and in the interbrachial arc, continuous without a break as far as the middle of the sixth or enlarged superomarginals, except for a sight wedge-shaped area in the middle of the lower edge of each inferomarginal. In each interbrachium 11 fused cribriform organs, the odd one over the median interradial suture. The sixth supero- and inferomarginals have a median vertical bare space about as wide as the adjacent cribriform organs, which from here on rapidly narrow, and from the twelfth plate on may be said to be rudimentary. These separated cribriform organs extend upon the dorsal surface of ray and fuse with those of opposite side so that the whole area from the limit of paxille to terminal plate and between the two dorsal rows of spines is a thick continous mat of spinelets, absolutely identical with the lateral cribriform organs, and a fimbri- ate channel leads on either side from this area along the lower edge of the terminal plate. The total number of lateral organs is: Rays 9+9+interbrachium 11=29. This varies to 30, as some rays have an additional small one at tip. The distal organs are of course rudimentary. Paxille large, fairly high, crowded, those on rays largest, decreas- ing in size toward center of disk. The larger paxille have 15 to 20 peripheral and 5 to 15 central spinelets, cylindrical and slightly knobbed at tip. Papule in radial areas at base of ray and adjacent portion of disk. Actinal interradial areas large, covered with spaced short slender bluntly pointed spinelets, which increase in length toward margin. The plates extend in a narrow area nearly to end of ray. Adambu- lacral plates longer than wide with 7 or 8 compressed, basally webbed furrow spines on a curved margin, and on surface of plate 10 to 12 much shorter spinelets, similar to the actinal intermediates, in about two series. Hurrow very narrow. Mouth plates prominent and with wide suture. Marginal spines 12, the innermost abruptly enlarged into a flattened conspicuous lanceolate tooth, the others subsimilar to adambulacrals. Suborals about 15 to a plate, in two series, small except inner two, which form a series just back of the teeth. Madreporic body a little more than its own diameter from NO. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. 417 margin, flat, with transverse strie, which have near the periphery numerous blunt spiniform protuberances resembling paxillar spines. Type-locality.— Station 5513, off northern Mindanao, lat. 8° 16’ 45’’ N.; long. 124° 02’ 48’’ E.; 505 fathoms; gray mud and fine sand. Type.—Cat. No. 28655, U.S.N.M. Family ASTROPECTINIDZ. ANTHOSTICTE, new genus. Near Tethyaster but distinguished by the presence of very deep marginal fascioles, the absence of a regular midradial series of enlarged paxillz, the extension of the gonads to end of ray, and the character of the paxillz, which are tall and slender. Superomarginal plates with- out specialized spines; inferomarginals with a single transverse row of small flattened, sharp, appressed spines; fascioles between marginals very deep, lined with small spinelets and in continuation of the actinal fasciolar channels. Abactinal plates stellate, the shaft of paxilla tall, slender, and crowned by a floriform group of slender spinelets; papule all over abactinal surface. Actinal intermediate plates extending nearly to end of ray, and traversed, between marginals and adambulacrals, by deep channels; no enlarged actinal intermediate spines. Adambulacral plates with a very prominent furrow angle and an astropectinoid armature; no enlarged subambulacral on distal portion ray; fascioles between the plates shallow and not lined with spinelets, as in Sideriaster. Tufts of gonads extending to end of ray. Madreporic body not concealed. Superambulacral plates large. Tube feet pointed, with simple rod-like deposits at tip. Small spiniform abactinal pedicellariz. Type.—Anthosticte aulophora, new species. ANTHOSTICTE AULOPHORA, new species. Rays 5. R=162 mm., r=34 mm., R=4.76+r; breadth of ray at base, 40 mm., at tenth superomarginal, 29 mm. Disk moderate, rays long, rather narrow beyond interbrachium, tapering gradually to a bluntly pointed extremity. Abactinal surface covered with tall, slender-pediceled paxille springing from a 6-lobed (stellate) plate, these without definite order on center of disk and midradial region, but elsewhere in oblique transverse rows parallel to interradius. On the ray these series are slightly spaced, and consecutive plates of a row barely touch. In the midradial area the plates sometimes touch or are separated. Summit of pedicel crowned by a floriform group of 15 to 20 peripheral, and 5 to 15 or even more central, terete blunt spinelets, the latter often in a compact group resembling a pedicel- larian apparatus, the former radiating like the rays of a composite flower. On most of the paxille 2 to 4 central spinelets are slightly modified with broader tips, and form actual pedicellariz. Papule 80796°— Proc. N.M.vol.40—11——27 418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. distributed all over abactinal surface, as in Dipsacaster (not absent from midradial line or center of disk), single, 5 or 6 about each plate. Marginal plates of the two series corresponding, with unusually deep fasciolar channels separated by thin high ridges, each of which is composed of the elevation of a combined superomarginal and infero- marginal plate and is thinner than the intervening channels. The height of this ridge above the bottom of the channel equals about one- half the dorsoventral dimension of the combined marginal plates. Superomarginals forming a rounded bevel as in Tethyaster subinermis, covered with short, clavate, papilliform spinelets, becoming slenderer on edge of grooves. Spinelets in grooves very numerous and delicate. Superomarginals, about 80. Inferomarginals projecting slightly beyond superomarginals on outer part of ray, and forming a rounded bevel to actinal surface, being about one and one-half times wider than upper series. They are covered with a transverse series of 2 to 5 flat, lanceolate, sharp, appressed spinules and numerous shorter, slenderer, slightly flattened, blunt spinelets, which are very much longer than those of supero- marginals. The spinelets lining the deep fascioles are similar to those of upper series. Actinal interradial areas fairly large, but rather abruptly narrowing at base of ray, along which two series of intermediate plates extend two-thirds of its length, while one series continues nearly to the extrem- ity. Rather deep channels lead from the marginal fascioles to the fascioles between adambulacral plates, these being separated by single rows of intermediate plates. The marginal and adambulacral plates do not correspond, however. At the base of furrow the latter are slightly more numerous, while in the middle third, the former; distally they correspond. The high keel of the intermediate plates which forms the ridges between the channels is covered with spinelets, directed toward ambitus, and similar to those of inferomarginals. Adambulacral plates astropectinoid, with an acute furrow angle, bearing a compressed blunt saber-shaped spine, and. n either side of this, two strongly compressed rather slender blunt spines. Some- times a third is added, making the total 5 to 7. Surface of plate with 5 to 7 more cylindrical, slender, blunt spines, one forming a series with the second lateral furrow spines, the rest disposed in about two longi- tudinal series behind this, the laterals of the first series often standing on margin and making on either side the supernumerary furrow spines. The plates are wider than long, well spaced, with a shallow channel between, over which extend several small terete spinelets belonging to the transverse margins of plates. First two plates much com- pressed. Mouth plates prominent, densely covered with spines, increasing in length toward inner end of plate, where, directed over actinostome, NO. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. 419 is a cluster of teeth. Marginals 7 or 8, distally with flat side to furrow, but at inner end of plate more knife-shaped and with edge thereto. Madreporic body exposed, medium-sized, with fine radiating strie. The ridges near center bear low tubercular prominences. It is situated about one-third R from margin. Gonads disposed in independent tufts attached to the abactinal integument on either side of the median radial area and extending to end of ray. Ampulle strongly two-lobed. Tube feet pointed, with deposits at the tip in the form of small, simple, straight, curved, or irregular rods. Superambulacral plates well developed. Ty pe-locality.— Station 5420, between Cebu and Bohol, 127 fathoms. Type.—Cat. No. 28656, U.S.N.M. Remarks.—The genera Moviraster, Tethyaster, Sideriaster, and Anthosticte agree in having unarmed superomarginals, inferomargin- als with a few small enlarged spines, naked madreporite, large actinal interradial areas, and intermediate plates far along ray, marginal and actinal fascioles, true paxille, stellate abactinal plates, an astropecti- noid adambulacral armature, and probably also in having the single papule uninterrupted all over the dorsal surface. The first two seem to be a little more closely related than either is to the last two, while Sideriaster and Anthosticte are possibly also nearly related. Unfor- tunately there is but one species in each genus and it is difficult to ascertain what characters are of generic importance. Applying the standards used in other and larger genera, Anthosticte differs from Tethyaster chiefly in having very deep marginal fascioles, gonads to the end of the ray, no midradial series of enlarged paxille, and taller, more delicate paxille. The last is probably of no generic importance, but may be. Its special points of agreement in addition to the char- acters listed above are the deposits in the tube feet (not recorded for Moiraster and Sideriaster) and shallow interadambulacral fascioles. Anthosticte differs from Sideriaster Verrill in having very deep marginal fascioles, shallow interadambulacral fascioles, no distally enlarged subambulacral spine. Neither the deposits in the tube feet nor the gonads of Sideriaster are described—one of the unfortunate results of drying types. The fascioles between the adambulacral plates, which I examined in the type-specimen, form one of the most striking features of the genus. They are densely lined with small delicate spinelets, and are therefore similar to marginal fas- cioles. Such is not the case in Anthosticte, Tethyaster, or Movraster. The distribution of gonads and deposits of tube feet are unknown in Moiraster. Koehler describes the marginal fascioles as “peu pro- fonds” while Sladen says they are deep, but the discrepancy is only apparent, for Sladen knew no genera with very deep fascioles, such as Dipsacaster. Anthosticte differs from Moiraster in respect to the marginal fascioles, and the thin elevated intervening ridges of the marginal plates. The inferomarginal and actinal spinelets of Antho- 420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. sticte are slender, and not flat, spatulate, and chisel-shaped. No pedicellarize are described for Moiraster. If the gonads are found to extend to the end of the ray, it may become necessary to unite the two genera, although the difference in the marginal fascioles will remain. The paxille of Moiraster are probably lower than those of Anthosticte, and less delicate. The character of the gonads is important, and is apparently very reliable for generic groups, but not for higher ones. It seems better to keep Anthosticte separate rather than to unite it with another genus, especially as it is not at all evident into which of the three groups it would go with the least disturbance. The following table recapitulates the characters mentioned above. Will some one enlighten us concerning the gonads and tube feet of Moiraster and Sideriaster? Comparison of the characters of Anthosticte, Tethyaster, Sideriaster, and Moivraster. Distal Gonads . Mid- Gonads} con- | Mar- ae Depos- pee Paxille ae radial | Abac- Gente extend /fined to) ginal 4 its in eicrall tall; : row of | tinal 2 : to end | proxi- |fascioles|>, cigjes| tube ines | Pedicel| ,.qicel| , D>, | plates of ray. |malhalf} deep. |" feet. | SP. slender, Brent, | larged stellate. of ray. cae ana inaed Stoul. laxille. Anthosticte.--....... Sir eeee »< x SOP hil Sete ees *|ssbercns | seaeeeee x SEATS esoneatsne| Sacoe sen | ee ee x > eee Saaetsec Ba saeope x x x ISLOCTIASLCT ae ate (?) (G70 i Sl ee peaereee| eAee (2) S< De) egies LE a x MOUROSTET hey oon (?) (Oy Tl aseae se x CORK eee Kao ee occ Beers x Family GONIASTERIDA. PONTIOCERAMUS, new genus. Stellate, with a large disk and relatively short rays. Related to - Plinthaster Verrill, but differing in having the surface of the abactinal plates perfectly smooth, not covered with minute bosses, in having ~ the plates of the papular areas low-tabulate, and the adambulacral — plates with an angular furrow margin armed with numerous short stubby spinelets; no enlarged subambulacral spine on distal part of ray. Abactinal and marginal plates bordered by a single series of small granules, the latter also with some on lateral face of ray, all | flush with level of plate. Last few superomarginals in contact medi- | ally. Actinal intermediate plates reaching far along ray, closely granulate, and with small bivalved excavate pedicellariz about as— high as wide. Adambulacral plates proximally very narrow, distally becoming wider; with a large subambulacral toothed bivalved pedi- | cellaria, and 10 or 11 furrow spinelets in angular series. No smaller secondary abactinal plates. Ty pe.—Pontioceramus grandis, new species. ay woe No. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. 491 PONTIOCERAMUS GRANDIS, new species. Rays 5. R=160 mm., r=70 mm.,R=2.3 r; breadth of ray at mid-interbrachium, 80 mm. Disk very large, arcuately pentagonal and produced into short pointed rays. Abactinal plates numerous, with a very smooth and slightly convex surface, on the radial region regularly hexagonal, and on center of disk and in about 9 longitu- dinal (radial) series distinctly tabulate, each tabulum surrounded by 6 papule, the area of tabulate plates reaching about two-fifths R. The papular areas are proximally considerably wider than the area of obviously tabulate plates. Interradial plates flat, irregularly four to six-sided. All abactinal plates surrounded by a single series of flat squarish granules, set in membrane and flush with surface of plate, those on the radial plates hard to see, and larger on the lateral than on the transverse margins of tabulum. Marginal plates conspicuous. Superomarginals (30 to a ray) form an even bevel in interbrachium, but on ray a rounded angle, being there somewhat wider than high. Inferomarginals on the contrary encroach more conspicuously upon actinal surface in interbrachium than on ray, but like the superomarginals the angle between lateral and ventral surface is more pronounced on ray. Superomarginals with one, and inferomarginals with two or three series of small flush granules forming an inconspicuous border, and in addition a variable number of scattered granules on the lateral face of plates, all flat and sunken flush with the level of plates. Actinal intermediate plates very numerous, those nearest furrow largest, and the only ones at all regularly arranged. They are closely granulate, the granules flat and immersed in thin membrane. The plates next to adambulacrals bear one or two small rather delicate bivalved pedicellariz, whose denticulate jaws are slightly wider than high (the larger ones) or as wide as high (smaller) and fit into slight depressions when open. Adambulacral plates proximally long and narrow, very gradually widening on outer half of R, until near tip; beyond the last actinal intermediate plates they are as wide as long. Each plate is angular toward furrow, the angle being sharper deep in furrow than on margin, and is usually adoral to the middle of plate, varying in position between the middle and adoral margin of plate. Furrow spinelets 11 or 12, stout, short, round-tipped or blunt, much flattened, those near the angle of margin with edge to furrow, the others with flat side thereto. The aboral spinelet of the series is the broadest and stoutest, and often the adoral spinelet is similarly enlarged. The spinelets are subequal in length, or the median slightly the shorter. The actinal surface proximally is wide enough for only one longitudinal series of unequal granules, but as the plate widens more 499, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. are added, until distally the plates have an even granular surface, like that of actinal plates. Proximally most of the plates have a large bivalved denticulate pedicellaria, the jaws much wider than high. This occupies a third or a fourth the length of a plate. Mouth plates small, triangular with a fairly straight furrow mar- gin, with nine or ten spinelets, the innermost heaviest. Surface covered with spaced stout granuliform spinelets. Madreporic body small, near center of disk and about as large as surrounding plates. Ridges radiating and coarse. Type-locality Station 5273, off western Luzon, 27 miles south- west Corregidor Light; 114 fathoms; mud, shells, and coral sand. Type.—Cat. No. 28657, U.S.N.M. Remarks.—This genus differs from Circeaster in lacking the abruptly larger abactinal plates of rays, in having smooth marginals, and regular tabulate radial plates; and from Lydiaster m the character of abactinal, marginal, and adambulacral plates. Lydiaster is more nearly related to Circeaster than to Pontioceramus. Ceramaster is distinguished by the wholly granulate tabulate abactinal plates and Eugoniaster, which is perhaps the most nearly related form, has the abactinal plates arranged without regularity although ‘‘tabulate,” and the adambulacral plates are of uniform width throughout. LITHOSOMA, new genus. Related to Jconaster Sladen, but differs in having the regular longi- tudinal radial series of abactinal plates completely surrounded by granules, not on the lateral edges only, and in having the subam- bulacral granulation short and spaced from the furrow comb, not crowded and graduated into the furrow armature. All plates smooth and bordered by a single series of granules, the plates of papular areas sensibly elevated. Small spatulate excavate pedicellariz on both surfaces. Disk large, rays long, slender, and beyond base of ray composed only of marginal plates abactinally. Type.—Lathosoma actinometra, new species. LITHOSOMA ACTINOMETRA, new species. Rays 5. R=155 mm., r=42 mm., R=3.7 r; breadth of ray at base, 49 mm., at eighth superomarginal 19 mm. Disk large, rays narrow; interbrachial arcs very open, the disk being arcuate pen- tagonal and produced at the corners into the long slender rays, composed abactinally of the marginal plates only. All plates smooth, porcelain-like, bordered by a single complete series of granules flush with the general surface; only the adambulacral and mouth plates with granules on surface. Marginal places block-like massive, the superomarginals, 40 in number, in contact along median line beyond the seventh to ninth, and encroaching conspicuously upon dorsal surface, being wider than high. Marginal granules small, No. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. AR3 being immersed in a membrane which nearly or quite obscures the outlmes. Inferomarginals correspond with superomarginals prox- imally; distally they alternate. Proximally they bear on the actinal surface one to several very small spatulate excavate pedicellariz with narrow smooth jaws. Abactinal plates hexagonal, in regular radial and parallel series, smooth except for scattered minute elevations (not granules) and bordered by a single complete series of flat immersed granules, squar- ish or oblong in shape. Papule in a petaloid radial area, 6 about each plate. Here the plates are sensibly elevated, although not at all markedly tabulate. If somewhat higher they would be called tabulate. No secondary, smaller, intermediate plates. Small scat- tered abactinal pedicellarie. Actinal intermediate plates not very regular either in shape or arrangement but four-or five-sided, very smooth and with numerous small pedicellariz, especially near furrow. They extend slightly beyond middle of R. Adambulacral plates with slightly curved furrow margin, bearing proximally 6 to 8, farther along ray 9 or 10, short, blunt, granuliform, subequal spinelets, the mesial more or less compressed with edge to furrow, the lateralmost somewhat thicker and prismatic or flattened with side to furrow. Border of plate with a row of unequal subconical immersed granules, and several on the surface, usually forming a longitudinal series spaced from furrow comb. One or two small pedicellariz usually present, often taking the place of several granules or surrounded by a smooth area. Mouth plate small, with 8 furrow spinelets and a granular actinal surface. Madreporic body hexagonal, one-fourth minor radius from center of disk. Furrow narrow; tube feet with strong disks. Type-locality.—_Station 5272, western Luzon, 25.5 miles southwest Corregidor Light, lat. 14° N.; long. 12° 22’ 30’ E.; 118 fathoms; mud, shells, and coral sand. Type.—Cat. No. 28658, U.S.N.M. Remarks.—Abactinally this species resembles somewhat a Plin- thaster with long slender rays, but has perfectly smooth marginals. Barring this it would bear to Plinthaster much the same relation that Nymphaster does to Ceramaster. The actinal intermediate plates, in contradistinction to those of Plinthaster, are smooth, not granulate, and the smaller secondary abactinal plates which are variously devel- oped in Plinthaster are absent. The genus seems to be most nearly related to Iconaster. It differs from Astroceramus, another relative, in lacking the coarse marginal and actinal granules and tubercles, and the specialized, robust subambulacral spines. In some species of Astroceramus the adambulacral armature approaches that of the Hippasteriine. 494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. As in Iconaster the only spines are those of the furrow margin. The animal is hard, smooth, of a stony or porcelain texture, and of con- spicuous size. ATELORIAS, new genus. Goniasteride with unequal marginals, the superomarginals the larger and defining entire angular ambitus; with all the plates gran- ulate, and covered with thin soft membrane leaving each plate dis- tinct; abactinal plates flat, numerous, extending to tip of ray; papule in radial petaloid areas; adambulacrals with an angular furrow series and subambulacral granules; actinal interradial areas large; disk large, rays slender. Entrenched small upright two- jawed pedicellariz on abactinal, marginal, actinal intermediate, and adambulacral plates. No specialized spines; the furrow spinelets the only ones present. Type.—Atelorias anacanthus, new species. ATELORIAS ANACANTHUS, new species. Rays 5. R=205 mm., r=43 mm., R=4.76 r.; breadth of ray at mid interbrachium, 53 mm., at middle of R, 14 mm. Disk large, thin, with wide interbrachial arcs. Rays very long, slender, thin, with an angular margin formed entirely of superomarginal plates. No specialized spines; all plates covered with hemispherical granules immersed in a thin membrane which partly obscures them, and fills up the interstices but which leaves the outlines of plates distinct. Small excavate pedicellariz with two jaws slightly higher than wide, and usually with depressions in the membrane into which they fit when open, are present on plates of both surfaces. Abactinal plates numerous, very slightly convex or flat, hexagonal on papular areas but Bleene irregularly hexagonal, pentagonal, squarish or roundish, and reaching terminal plate. Plates not at all tabulate but sensibly higher on the petaloid radial papular areas; papulee 5 or 6 about each plate, and inconspicuous, not extending far along ray. All plates covered with hemispherical granules, sunken in soft membrane, and with a pedicellaria. Superomarginals about 80 to a ray encroaching conspicuously upon. abactinal area and with a nearly flat upper surface; throughout wider than long. They encroach upon actinal surface about one-half as far as upon abactinal and thus form the margin of ray. The convexity of the lateral angle of plate causes the margin of ray to appear scal- loped except near extremity. Inferomarginals proximally consid- erably wider, and beyond interbrachium only slightly wider than the actinal surface of superomarginals, and entirely actinal in position; surface very slightly convex. Both series with the characteristic granules and pedicellariz. No. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. 495 Actinal interradial areas large, irregularly disposed, nearly flat, granulated, and with pedicellariz. They extend about to the middle of R. Adambulacral plates with angular furrow margin but the angle nearer the adoral side, so that the facets are very unequal. Spinelets 10 to 12, rather short, round-tipped or truncate, in a crowded series, the longest on the angle and compressed in a plane transverse to furrow, the others gradually shortening and with flat side to furrow. Actinal surface of plates with crowded low conical granules and oc¢ca- sionally a pedicellaria. Mouth plates nearly flat, coarsely granulate, with 16 to 18 marginal robust spinelets, increasing in size toward inner angle. The furrow surface of each plate has a shallow vertical depression for first tube foot. Madreporic body one-third minor radius from center. Tube feet with strong disks; ampulle double. Type-locality.—Station 5655, Gulf of Boni, Celebes; 608 fathoms; eray mud, fine sand. Type.—Cat. No. 28659, U.S.N.M. Remurks.—The new genus is quite unlike any other and probably belongs in the Leptogonasterinex, although further study may warrant placing it in the Goniasterine. It is somewhat intermediate. The large overhanging superomarginals and flat granulate membrane- invested plates, which are however distinct, are the most trenchant features of the genus. Family PTERASTERIDA. HYMENASTERIDES, new genus. In general structure similar to Hymenaster but with two kinds of adambulacral plates alternating; (1) prominent plates bearing a transverse series of 3 rather long slender spines, and (2) nonprominent plates with only 1 spine. Tube feet in 4 series, the feet of the outermost series corresponding to the nonprominent plates. Com- bined mouth plates produced actinally into a cone, the apex of which is about the middle of median suture. Two suboral spines. Type.—Hymenasterides zenognathus, new species. -HYMENASTERIDES ZENOGNATHUS, new species. Diagnosis.—Paxillar area raised above the actinolateral membrane which forms an even narrow border; paxillz in 9 longitudinal series, 5, or laterally, as many as 7 spines to a paxilla, one being longer than the rest; no visible muscle-fibres; scattered spiracula. Prominent adambulacrals with 3 slender membrane invested sacculate spines; nonprominent with one, each of which is opposite a tube foot of outer series. Mouth plates conical actinally with 2 suborals, and 3 or 4 426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. 40. marginals. Fourteenth actinolateral spine the longest. R= 36mm., r=22 mm., R=1.64 r. Breadth of ray, over all, 21 to 25 mm.; of paxillar area alone, 17 to 21 mm. Descrvption.—The paxillar area is sharply defined from the lateral fringe, or actinolateral membrane, which is interradially deeply indented and follows the contour of the raised supradorsal membrane. Thus the actinolateral membrane forms a narrow border of nearly uniform width, and the spines do not project beyond the edge. They are clearly visible as the membrane is translucent. The supradorsal membrane is thin and translucent, without visible muscle-fibres, and with small rather widely spaced inconspicuous spiracula, which are not in definite areas, but sometimes form irregular lines. With the exception of an interradial area they are pretty uniformly distributed allover the membrane. Membrane everywhere rough with the points of the paxillar spinelets, of which there are usually 5 (laterally some- times 7) to a paxilla. The latter are in 9 quincuncial longitudinal series. Each paxilla springs from a cruciform or 4-lobed base, the lobes overlapping those of 4 other plates leaving quadrate or lozenge- shaped papular areas. The pedicels are longest on the lateral paxille; those of midradial series about half as long as the laterals, and the spines, which are webbed, are in all cases longer than the pedicels. One spine is usually longer and stouter than the others. The spines are three-edged or triradiate in cross section. The papule (1 to an area) are attached to the pedicels. The valves guarding the oscu- lum have a truncate summit and are strengthened by about 12 spines, of which the 5 or 6 median are longest. About 8 other spines, much shorter, form a comb just back of the valves, and are attached to the same pedicel. The membrane at the base of the fans is pierced by scattered spiracula, and that between the fans has numerous spiracula in short irregular lines. The supradorsal membrane is dotted with numerous very small whitish spots of unequal size, due probably to groups of gland cells. There are rather large well-spaced brownish rings or spots on the outer half of R. Ambulacral furrow wide; tube feet, with small disks, in 4 longitudinal series. Adambulacral plates of two sorts, prominent and nonprominent. The former project farther into furrow and bear an oblique transverse series of 3 slender spines invested in membrane which forms a small sacculus at tip. The outer spine is the longest (equals the length of 5 plates at base of furrow), the other two decreasing slightly in length. The innermost often pro- jects between 2 feet of the outermost series. The nonprominent plate corresponds to a tube foot of the outermost series, is set back slightly, and bears only 1 spine, which stands in the same longi- tudinal series (with reference to long axis of ray) with the outer- most spine of the prominent plates, and is of about the same length No. 1827. NEW GENERA OF STARFISHES—FISHER. 427 as this spine. Aperture papille short, broadly ovate, with a mem- branous envelope produced into a short blunt sacculus. The eal- careous part is only about one-fourth the length of the adjacent subambulacral spine, and there is no difference between the papille of the two sorts of plates. The apertures are narrow and not completely covered by the papille. The first adambulacral plate, sometimes prominent, sometimes nonprominent, has 2 equal or unequal spines and a large aperture papilla immersed in the actino- lateral membrane. Mouth plates small and very high, the combined pair produced actinally into a conical eminence, the apex of which is situated at the middle of the median suture. The height of this extraordinary beak or cone equals the interradial diameter of the pair of plates. From the blunt point at the top the plates slope straight and steeply to the actinostomial margin, which is produced into a slight beak, but in the opposite direction the plates diverge, leaving an open suture, and the margin of the plates is arcuate and nearly perpen- dicular. Marginal spines 3 or 4, the lateral-most the strongest and longest, situated on a slight angle of the margin and directed across mouth of furrow. The innermost spine which is well spaced from the median beak of actinostomial margin is nearly as long as the lateral-most and the 1 or 2 intermediate spines are some- what shorter. Suborals 2, nearly like the subambulacrals and situ- ated in a line parallel to and near median suture, on the actino- stomial face of the cone. Actinolateral membrane translucent forming a broad margin which decreases in width evenly from interradial angle. The four- teenth spine is the longest, and is the first to meet the free edge of membrane. The first is articulated to the second adambulacral. The spines do not meet interradially their fellows of adjacent ray, but leave a narrow wedge-shaped area. The length of this wedge (the apex touching mouth plates) is about half the extent of the free edge of one ray measured along edge of actinolateral membrane. This actinolateral membrane is nearly flat. Madreporic body globular, and without a paxilla on its surface. Type-locality.— Station 5623, Molucca Passage between Gillolo and Makyan Islands, 272 fathoms; fine sand, mud. Type.—Cat. No. 28660, U.S.N.M. TWO AMPHIBIANS, ONE OF THEM NEW, FROM THE CARBONIFEROUS OF ILLINOIS. By Roy L. Mooptrr, Of the University of Kansas, Lawrence The Lacoe collection in the United States National Museum contains examples of two interesting amphibians, one of them a new species, from the Mazon Creek shales. A new labyrinthodont from Kansas has recently been described by the writer from the same collection.! The two forms discussed in the present paper are representatives of the salamander-like Branchiosauria and the reptile-like Microsauria. They are members of the families Branchiosauride and Amphi- bamide. Some years ago Mr. David White told the writer of an interesting salamander in the collection of Mr. Lacoe and it was with very great interest that the writer received the specimen which, with the others, was sent through the courtesy of Mr. C. W. Gilmore, to whom I express my hearty thanks. The little salamander-lke fossil is a member of the species Humi- crerpeton parvum Moodie, which had been founded, before the speci- _ men was received, on material from Yale University. The name and a discussion of the alimentary canal were published last spring.’ The additional specimen from the National Museum serves to sub- stantiate the genus and species, Humicrerpeton parvum, and shows more clearly characters which are distinct from Micrerpeton, the genus to which the present form is most nearly related. The National Museum specimen (No. 4400, U.S.N.M.), like those from Yale, shows almost perfectly the entire length of the alimentary canal (fig. 1). The specimen is almost as perfectly preserved as was that of Micrer- peton caudatum Moodie. When the nodule containing the fossil was received the tail was embedded in matrix, but by careful use of the hammer and chisel it was possible to lay bare the whole tail, the tip of which ends on the 1 Proe.-U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, 1911, p. 489. 2 Amer. Nat., vol. 44, June, 1910, pp. 367-375. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1828. 429 430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. very edge of the nodule. This was at once perceived to be precisely similar to that of the previously studied examples from Yale. The skull structure, the intermediate position of the pineal foramen, the epiotic notch, and the shape of the skull are so exactly similar to those of the Yale specimens that the form is unhesitatingly referred to the same species. Most interestingly, too, the present specimen has the alimentary canal almost as prefectly preserved as in the other two specimens, so that the three specimens of this species now known all show the alimentary canals. ‘The present specimen is, however, much more developed than the other two if we may judge from the relative sizes and the proportions of the various parts of the body. There is not the slightest trace of branchiz in any of the specimens. The matrix does not preserve the skeletal elements as well as does the hard rock from Saxony in which Doctor Credner found such excellently preserved branchie. The National Museum specimen is nearly half as long again as the smallest of the Yale speci- mens, and the skull is proportionately longer and wider. There is preserved an impression of the anterior edge of both clavicles as has been described for the Yale specimens. No other por- tion of the pectoral girdle is preserved. The right humerus is imperfectly preserved, as is also the right femur and tibia; other than these the . fossil is merely an impression. The skull is so nearly like what has been described for the Yale specimens that additional 1.—A DRAWING OF Fia. The pineal foramen THE SPECIMEN OF EUMI- CRERPETON PARVUM Mooprs (Cat. No. 4400, U.S.N.M.). a= ANUS; J=FEMUR; h=HUMERUS; i= INTERCLAVICLE; in = description is unnecessary.! is quite large and lies on a line which cuts the orbits into equal longitudinal parts. The inter- orbital space is about equal to the long diam- eter of the orbit, as in the Yale specimens. INTESTINE; ™m= MAN- DIBLE; 0= ORBIT; sS= STOMACH; f=TIBIA AND FIBULA. X2. Traces of sclerotic plates are observed in the left orbit, but they are quite imperfect. The alimentary canal is unlike that described for the Yale ‘specimens? in that the intestine is longer and much more convoluted. It lies in five longitudinal folds and ends in an enlarged cloaca near which are the impressions of two glands which may be the posterior ends of the oviducts, as has been suggested for the Yale specimens, but it is rather peculiar that all three specimens should 1 Kans. Univ. Science Bulletin, vol. 5, 1911. 2 Amer, Nat., vol. 44, June, 1910, p. 368, No. 1828. TWO NEW FOSSIL AMPHIBIANS—NOODIE. 431 be females. Like the Yale specimens the esophagus is displaced and partially obscured. The creatures undoubtedly fed on small plants and animals much as do our recent salamanders. The alimentary tract is preserved fully extended. The impression of the tail is, unfortunately, too imperfect to show traces of the lateral lines. Measurements of the specimen of Eumicrerpeton parvum Moodie (Cat. No. 4400, U.S.N.M.). mm. Peng oventire animal 252222522). 2j2220. 25 Rg kL. Se rts Ree eer 45 (Tune. OF SITIES ES Se eee ee See een eee Tees, Bet eae 6 eiirainlamentgcctiley ye eee oe Bo 2. eee vedic so Hants Soa ae ee ee 9 aromewverse diameter-of the orbit-..22.2..522 2.02012. .e len. c elses seen sou A ea anite heroine Onohtennon: sos ss eo ee eek EV Ik. AONE So tae 2 2. 25 i MEADE GINS I RI0Si6/e 2 2 oe LA A i oa ne OM CS as See er 2.50 Bee riberetirayumed WiOFAMMON 3b) eis ie kc et a te sk edi gs. 22d. 2. seed 50 Menthol body from back ofiskullto pelvis...-s<.2..-....2..-.---s.sekeeves 22 Pere eae Lea C MOO ce ae wa hie S SO coc hee he de soe cat aie oo ee 9 va. SIE SELBY CLE, Wl aa, Noe ee fice sae eee 16 ReeertnC tet Ase ren cares tt FoR re Ra eee a 5 TL PRGAR OM LOMUNOO era bls eeest then: 5 eee ees eee Dane eee ee of ah APE eee 3 EEE GI Henn UUre ees aeons ec ene eee ope 2. 50 SEL STD CUESTA ON (TT O11 EE) PRP ees A pon Rg 1.75 Siete MES COMIAC Mr sot Ae. oe iaiae Lem © arias oe Ae Shia e cies = vide oe eS Bene BE EOEUIMACIES cece See er ee een e eed ethe cc oree Ste Leech eas ce beeee 3 meneinouimtestme estimated). .)2..20. L620 NA! 2S. ene cen 52m 100 BPP IN CrIMUINGe SAD NER AEM SEY A IR akties SE ee ee ease cet 1 AMPHIBAMUS THORACATUS, new species. The genus Amphibamus was the first known of the Mazon Creek Amphibia to which Cope, in 1865, ascribed the species grandiceps. It is interesting that the latest discovery of forms from Mazon Creek should be an additional species of this genus. The specimen referred to is No. 4306 of the U. S. National Museum. It formed a part of the Lacoe collection. The fossil is rather poorly preserved, but the remains are present on both halves of the nodule, so that consid- erable has been made out as to its structure. The chief diagnostic characters which will at once distinguish the species are, the elongate arm, the large interclavicle, the shape of the vertebra, and the triangular skull. The portions of the animal which are preserved are: the impres- sion of the skull with one orbit; the right humerus and radius (ulna 2); the interclavicle; the left clavicle; a single vertebral centrum, with portions of others; and traces of the ventral scutelle. These re- mains are so intermingled with fragments of plants that it has been quite difficult to distinguish bone impressions from plants. This has, however, been successfully accomplished by whitening the fossil with ammonium chloride when the texture of the fossils serve 432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. to distinguish the one from the other. Parts of the plants have been converted into or destroyed by galena and kaolin, as have also parts of the bones, so that the task has been doubly difficult. There can be no doubt, however, that the observations recorded below are correct. The position of the arm in relation to the pec- toral girdle and the position of the girdle in relation to the skull impression first called attention to the possible presence of a fossil amphibian. There is little to be said about the skull. It is merely an impres- sion in the nodule. It is triangular in form, with the snout an acute angle. The angle is, however, exaggerated by the compression to which the fossil has been subjected. The right side of the skull hes over a portion of some plant. The animal is pre- served onits back, so that this gives a good oppor- tunity for a study of the pectoral girdle, which is partially preserved. The interclavicle is very large, and from this the species has been given its name (thoracatus=armed with a_ breastplate). The interclavicle is an exaggerated ‘‘T,”’ with the stem very short. The anterior margin is curved and ends in a rathersharp, elongate point. The posterior spine is quite short and sharp pointed, having a length of only four millimeters. The element recalls, in a measure, the same element of Branchiosaurus, although it is much more ex- panded anteriorly and has a shorter spine. In Fic. 2.—DRAWING OF THE ‘ had spscMEN or Aupmea- these respects it resembles more nearly a reptilian MUS THORACATUS s o : . Mocnun (Clm No. 4300. interclavicle. The element is quite smooth. U.S.N.M.). e= Cuav- The clavicle is of the simple triangular form so ‘so characteristic of the Microsauria. It is some- Bit; r=Raptus (uNa?); What displaced backward, and its inner margin a is slightly obscured. The humerus is elongate, apparently cylindrical, and with expanded ends. It resembles very closely the humerus of Amphibamus grandi- ceps, although its proportions are much greater than in that species. Its length is almost equal to the length of the skull, while in A. grandi- ceps the length of the humerus is only one-half that of the skull. The radius (ulna?) resembles in its general proportions those of the humerus. It is a more slender, lighter bone. The impression of the other bone of the forearm is obscured. A portion of a single vertebral centrum is preserved. It is from the posterior end of the dorsal series. It is, apparently; amphi- celous. Its height is about one-half greater than its length. The neural spine is obscured. No. 1828. TWO NEW FOSSIL AMPHIBIANS—MOODIE. 433 Measurements of the type of Amphibamus thoracatus Moodie (Cat. No. 4306, U.S.N.M.). mm manetMonentire specimen, as preserved ....... 20... 52.2.2 leet kee ee seen eet 60 EOL SKU IM rORsION = a seen eres Sees = ex oo oot hae See cece ~s' 18 Dy PLUSES A WACO) NN Og UCN S) PRS OS he tS ea Aen ete et ee «MS eeRMIAMICler OhMONb Orlvss snes e Sake cast ls cepa es oe a ache ese ee sose a bee 4 REE erse diameter OUsAIMe 1 pee ek acess 2c bb was a bets Hueeeans Joes 3 irensverse width of the ibterclavicle)>.2 2222201. 2.04... le ecstene snd de eke bs 14 Sen AO MLELOM OUAAING ea AB. 2 ae tae whe dee hoe ble cok eae 7 Md Aen aIMOLerOnClAVICle 2.220 aij.ccc me SOU Otte R ose. be seis Voces sos ie scat eee 9 ereatesc transverse dialneter of same....-.4::.. Se ag. 2 sce ec se esate 3 Bett sul Pe UIMONUG Sa s2 Sc ee cele a see sa cot Rs area ae cove a ne ss bx BO ee 10 Pee RCCL O LO OL SAMO seo oe eS aie o ees Siame sits ed onde ees bnie 4 PEPE P AIG COOMA MNO re ee ae is Sees ato tesa ne Ucecis Meee s Soles Basie oe 1.5 etiet beotmraciin (Uli h): 4.2. JSR Ae ete eee. dob See ae owe ed ecew ee mclans 11 es Ola Vere bral COMUTUM = 22. snes acces oe hoes sen chee she stloncet 2 OV LGHIO GIP GOTT Ss ele Ae ea ne ee ene eS Ae 3 80796°—Proc. N.M. vol.40—11——28 MOY Ria eee eas s 5 é- on! r 7 i “= 7 . Sar L 4 G Z J ‘ . : : : b : 2 ee Les = Ls . at ; ‘i nay U ze a F - ‘ 7 =f i ra - oat! “) = ie aes 3 ay S 2 ag E ra wk ane 7 Pe eee iV WO BAS i 7k, ee ee z 5 ioe - : lyf ise hI: RL Nhe Che Nee 31 eee Mie y bp 5 f peat P he MARR) ly a “2 ar F ~ ~ - 2G) Cabae ce Rite s5 pa - e cs, iP Sey “ Missta cay | Peck Ph eis -paeebonce Me sae Q whe el Fix) S r i NEW MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS ACLIS FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC. By Pavut Barrscu, Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, U.S. National Museum. This little paper embraces descriptions of a number of new forms which were dredged in rather deep water off the Atlantic coast of North America by Dr. W. H. Rush, U.S. N., and the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamers Fish Hawk and Albatross. The one coming from New England has been known for some time, but has been confused with the European Aclis walleri Jeffreys, under which name it has appeared in lists. In this connection, it would be well to mention that Aclis striata Verrill is not an Aclis, but a Pyramidellid, belonging to the genus Odostomia, subgenus Menestho. ACLIS DALLI, new species. Plate 59, fig. 1. Shell slender, very elongate-conic, milk-white, vitreous. Nuclear whorls not differentiated from the rest. Early post-nuclear whorls well rounded; the later half strongly inflated; all strongly appressed at the summit, the appressed portion appearing as a slightly differen- tiated color band at the summit of the whorls. The entire surface of the shell is sculptured only by exceedingly fine incremental lines. Sutures very strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl and the moderately long base well rounded, smooth. Aperture large, somewhat effuse anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin and semitransparent; columella moderately long, curved and reflected. The type (Cat. No. 94288, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by Doctor Rush at his station 34 in 780 fathoms on coral mud bottom off Cuba. It has 17 whorls and measures: Length 7.8 mm., diameter 1.7 mm. Named for Dr. W. H. Dall. ACLIS CUBANA, new species. Plate 59, fig. 2. Shell small, slender, elongate-conic, milk-white. Nuclear whorle two, the first very much inflated, strongly rounded, and larger than ——— PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1829. 435 436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. the early post-nuclear whorls. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, ap- | pressed at the summit, sculptured with somewhat irregular, feebly developed axial ribs, of which 18 occur upon the first and second, 20 upon the third and fourth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. Sutures strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl marked | ‘by a very feeble, slender spiral cord. Base short, well rounded; marked by the feeble continuations of the axial ribs. Aperture very broadly ovate; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip very thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella very slender, decidedly curved and feebly revolute. The type (Cat. No. 94290, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by Doctor Rush at his station 34 in 780 fathoms on coral mud off Cuba. It has 8 whorls and measures: Length 4 mm., diameter 1.1 mm. ACLIS RUSHI, new species. Plate 59, fig. 3. Shell small, elongate-conic, white. Nuclear whorls two, well rounded, smooth. Post-nuclear whorls inflated, appressed at the summit, sculptured with fine incremental lines and an occasional | impressed varical streak. In addition to this there appear five very fine subobsolete raised spiral threads between the sutures which lend the surface a very weakly malleated appearance. Sutures very strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, narrowly umbilicated, well rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture large, decidedly effuse anteriorly, with a patulous expansion covering the posterior half of the outer lip; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin, the portion immediately anterior to the patulous part forming a claw; columella very long, oblique, and very strongly reflected. Two specimens of this species (Cat. No. 82973, U.S.N.M.) were dredged by Doctor Rush in 150 to 200 fathoms, off Fowey Rocks, Florida Straits. The type has eight whorls and measures: Length 2.7 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. Named for Dr. W. H. Rush. ACLIS FLORIDANA, new species. Plate 59, fig. 5. Shell small, elongate-conic. Nuclear whorls one and one-half, well rounded. Post-nuclear whorls marked by a strong sloping shoulder which extends over the posterior fourth of the whorls between the sutures. This shoulder is limited anteriorly by a quite strong carina. The anterior three-fourths of the whorls between the sutures are well rounded, strongly constricted at the suture, and appear sculptured by several very feeble spiral lines. The axial sculp- ture consists of incremental lines and an occasional varical streak. no. 1829. MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS ACLIS—BARTSCH. 437 Sutures very strongly constricted. Periphery of the last whorl and the moderately long base well rounded, marked like the spire. Aperture with the posterior angle obtuse (outer lip fractured; ante- rior portion of the columella lost); parietal whorl covered with a moderately thick callus which joins the columella with the posterior angle of the aperture. The type (Cat. No. 82973a, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by Doctor Rush in 150 to 200 fathoms, off Fowey Rocks, in Florida Straits. It has eight whorls and measures: Length 2.9 mm. (if the aperture were complete the shell would probably measure 3 mm.), diameter 1 mm. This form is nearest related to A. bermudensis Dall and Bartsch, but can be separated from it at once by its much greater size as well as detail sculpture. . ACLIS BERMUDENSIS Dall and Bartsch. Plate 59, fig. 4. Aclis bermudensis Dati and Bartscn, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 40, 1911, p. 278. A figure of this species, which has been already described, is added for purposes of comparison. ACLIS VERRILLI, new species. Plate 59, fig. 6. Shell acicular, yellowish-white. Nuclear whorls four, well-rounded, with strongly impressed sutures, smooth, forming a slender apex to the spire. Post-nuclear whorls well-rounded, appressed at the summit, sculptured by six feeble, poorly defined, somewhat irregular spiral threads and numerous incremental lines, the combination of the two lending the surface of the spire a feebly malleated sur- face. In addition to the above sculpture the surface is marked with irregularly disposed varical lines. Sutures strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base moderately long, well rounded, narrowly umbilicated, marked by seven feeble and irregularly placed spiral lines, its surface having the same aspect as that of the spire. Aperture rather large; somewhat effuse ante- riorly, posterior angle somewhat obtuse; outer lip patulous, columella oblique, slightly curved and strongly revolute. The type (Cat. No. 44811, U.S.N.M.) has eleven whorls and meas- ures: Length 4.6 mm., diameter 1.7 mm. It was dredged by the U.S. S. Fish Hawk at station 894 in 365 fathoms, bottom tem- perature 40°, off Marthas Vineyard, Mass. One specimen (Cat. No. 44808, U.S.N.M.) from U. S. S. Fish Hawk station 892, 487 fathoms, off Marthas Vineyard. One specimen (Cat. No. 44809, U.S.N.M.) from station 1093, 349 fathoms, bottom temperature 40°, off Marthas Vineyard. Two specimens (Cat. No. 78161, U.S.N.M.) from station 2710, 984 fathoms, southeast of Nantucket. One speci- 438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. men (Cat. No. 151887, U.S.N.M.) from U.S.S. Albatross station 2547; 390 fathoms, 40 miles south of Marthas Vineyard. The present species has been listed from the Atlantic coast under the name of Aclis wallert Jeffreys. It is not at all closely related to this form; wallert is much smaller; much more narrowly elongate- conic and has a much wider umbilicus. The type of walleri described by Jeffreys 1 is in the U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 182214) and measures: Length 3.3 mm., diameter 1.2 mm. Named for Prof. A. E. Verrill. ACLIS CAROLINENSIS, new species. Plate 59, fig. 7. Shell acicular. Nuclear whorls two, well rounded, smooth. Early post-nuclear whorls gently rounded on the posterior two-thirds between the sutures and abruptly on the anterior one-third. The later more evenly rounded; sculptured with numerous fine incremen- tal lines and by feeble, somewhat irregular, raised, slender spiral threads. The combination of the incremental lines and the spiral threads lends the surface of the whorls a somewhat malleated appear- ance. In addition to the above sculpture varical lines appear at irregular intervals. Sutures strongly impressed. Periphery of the last whorl obliquely angled. Base moderately long, strongly but narrowly umbilicated, well rounded, sculptured like the spire with spiral striation, incremental lines and about six obsolete raised spiral threads. Aperture large, decidedly effuse anteriorly, the basal portion patulous; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin; columella strongly curved, expanded and revolute. The type (Cat. No. 83743, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by the U.S. 5S. Albatross at station 2595 in 63 fathoms, sandy bottom, bottom tem- perature 75°, 22 miles east-southeast of Hatteras, North Carolina. It has ten whorls, and measures: Length 4.7 mm., diameter 1.3 mm. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 59. All of the figures are enlarged about 16 times. The measurement cited after each species is the actual length of the specimen. Fig. 1. Aclis dalli; Type; 7.8 mm., p. 435. . Aclis cubana; Type; 4.0 mm., p. 435. . Aclis rushi; Type; 2.7 mm., p. 436. Aclis bermudensis; Type; 2.1 mm., p. 437. . Aclis floridana; Type; 2.9 mm., p. 436. . Aclis verrili; Type; 4.6 mm., p. 437. . Aclis carolinensis; Type; 4.7 mm., p. 438. AE ASE ER EA A a 1 British Conchology, vol. 4, pp. 105-6, and figured in vol. 5, pl. 72, fig. 4. SIO Ore & LO U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 59 SHELLS OF THE GENUS ACLIS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 438. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA. 2. By J. C. CRAwForp, Assistant Curator, Division of Insects, U. S. National Museum. In this paper 15 new species are described. Many of these were received from the correspondents of the Bureau of Entomology, U. 5. Department of Agriculture, for identification, and are of economic importance so that the early publication of their descriptions is nec- essary in order that the names may be used in economic bulletins. The comparative measurements used in the description of the new species were made with an eye-piece micrometer used in the number two eye-piece in the binocular microscope. Superfamily PROCTOTRYPOIDEA. Family SCELIONIDE. TELENOMUS BENEFACTOR, new species. Female.—Length about 1.25 mm. Head and thorax black; antenne brown; legs, including coxe, flavo-testaceous; pedicel much longer than the first joint of the funicle; first and second joints of funi- cle slightly longer than broad, the first somewhat longer than the second; third and fourth subquadrate, fifth broader than fourth but not as broad as the next joint, still forming a part of the club; club much broader than the joints of the funicle; head about twice as broad as long; the occiput somewhat flattened; face smooth, the occellar triangle and caudad of it minutely reticulated, and with scattered, minute, setigerous punctures; mesoscutum and scutellum basally, distinctly rather closely and minutely punctured; apex of scutellum smooth and polished; inflexed sides of pronotum reticulate down to cox; meso- pleuree, except a small area at lower front margin, smooth; meta- pleurs longitudinally striate on lower half; first segment of abdomen not striate at base; second segment striate basally, the basal half of the strix large, the apical half finer; abdomen longer than head and thorax together (as 27 is to 17); second segment longer than greatest width (as 14:10). PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1830. 439 440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Male.—Length 0.75 mm. Similar in sculpture to the female; “antennz light brown, the scape and pedicel flavus; pedicel slightly longer than first jomt of funicle; second jomt of funicle longer than broad, the third subquadrate, the rest transverse; apical joint slightly longer than broad; face almost up to ocelli, cheeks and rear of head almost to upper end of eye flavo-testaceous; segment one of abdomen at sides showing short striz, second segment slightly broader than long, with short striz at base; apical segments deflexed, the external genatalia extruded and pointing ventrad. Habitat—Gebelein, Egyptian Soudan. Host.—Eges of Tabanus taenicla P. de Beauvoir. Types and paratypes in the British Museum (Natural History). Paratype.—Cat. No. 13688, U.S.N.M. Described from two females and six males reared by Mr. H. H. King, July 14, 1909, and sent by the Entomological Research Commit- tee (Tropical Africa) for the British Government. The female of this species is easily separated from that of T. tabani Mayr by the lack of striz at the base of the first abdominal segment; in tabani the head and thorax together are as long as the abdomen. TELENOMUS KINGI, new species. Female.—Length about 0.75 mm. Black; antenne and legs, includ- ing coxe, brown; the knees, bases, and apices of tibiz and the tarsi paler; pedicel much longer than joint one of funicle; joints one and two of funicle slightly longer than broad, the following joints sub- quadrate; club four jointed, not very much enlarged; head twice as broad as long; head smooth, ocellar triangle with a few scattered, very minute, punctures; mesoscutum polished and with sparse punc- tures, each puncture bearing a silky white hair; scutellum with similar still sparser punctures, the apical portion smooth; inflexed sides of pronotum along lower margin reticulated; mesopleure mostly smooth; abdomen as long as the head and thorax together; first segment of abdomen striate for almost half its length; second segment striate at base; medially a few indistinctly carried beyond the others; strize somewhat longer than those on first segment; seg- ment two subquadrate, very slightly longer than greatest width (as 7:6). Male.—Unknown. Hatbitat.—Khor Arbat, Egyptian Soudan. Host.—EKggs of Tabanus kingi Austin. Described from eight specimens reared by Mr. H. H. King, “13. 4. 1910,” and sent by the Entomological Research Committee (Tropical Africa) of the British Government. Type and paratypes in the British Museum (Natural History). Paratype.—Cat. No. 13687, U.S.N.M. no. 1830. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. 441 This species is distinguished from 7. tabant Mayr by being smaller, with less distinct sculpture of the vertex and mesonotum, and by the short, more uniform striz on the base of the second abdominal segment. Named in honor of Mr. H. H. King, who collected the material. TELENOMUS GOWDEYI, new species. Female.—Length about 2 mm. Black; coxe and femora black, tibize medially dusky, rest of legs dark testaceous; antenne brown, the club 5 jointed, base of scape testaceous; pedicel longer than first joint of funicle, first joint of funicle longer than wide, the following joints subquadrate; face along lower inner orbits and the front, retic- ulate, rest of face smooth and polished; mesoscutum with fine punctures; scutellum smooth; metanotum finely rugose; propodeum coarsely rugose; smooth area around insertion of abdomen extending dorsally to front of propodeum making a conspicuous triangular area; wings slightly dusky; abdomen smooth, the first segment at base longitudinally striate; the second segment over twice as long as wide; segments 1—5 in length in the following ratio: 1:6: 4: 4:4. Male.—Length about 1 mm. Similar to the female, the antenne and legs entirely testaceous; pedicel and joints 1—3 of funicle subequal in length; second segment of abdomen about twice as long as wide; following segments hardly showing. Habitat.—Entebbe, Uganda, Africa. Type.—Cat. No. 13653, U.S.N.M. Paratypes in the British Museum (Natural History). Many specimens reared from the eggs of Anaphe infracta, by C. C. Gowdey and sent by him under number 1325. In the female the apical segments of the abdomen are often re- tracted, so that only segments 1-3 show. Named for Mr. C. C. Gowdey. Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA. Family TORY MID. TORYMUS MONTSERRATI, new species. Female.—Length about 2.5 mm.; ovipositor about 1.5mm. Green, the propodeum and abdomen more brassy; head finely reticulate and with scattered large setigerous punctures; scape testaceous, pedicel light brown, flagellum dark brown; mesoscutum with fine transverse irregular rugule, appearing almost as irregular punctures; axille and postscutellum with fine thimble-like punctures; the whole mesonotum with scattered setigerous punctures; propodeum with a very fine reticulation of raised lines; veins brown, the stigmal knob sessile; 449 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. coxe green; femora behind, except tips, green; in front dark brown; rest of legs testaceous; abdomen finely reticulated. Male.—Length about 2 mm. Similar to the female, the tibize brown. Habitat.—Montserrat, West Indies. Type.—Cat. No. 13658, U.S.N.M. Two female and three male specimens sent by Mr. Ballou bearing the additional data ‘‘Lime Plot I, March, 1910.” Family ENCYRTIDA. Genus TANAOSTIGMODES Ashmead. In addition to the difference in venation the males of this genus are also separated from Tanaostigma (according to the only male known), by the branches of the antenne being short, not reaching the club, and by the fifth joint of the funicle being less than twice as long as the fourth. TABLE OF FEMALES. i. Mostly dark brown ‘or black ..c03 2353 otis ote se eesmioeeiee oe ee ee 2 Largely yellow, sometimes tinged with |brown.................-.-------eeeee 3 2. Head entirely dark, scutellum much longer than broad........-.-- tychit Ashmead Head with yellow bands, scutellum only slightly longer than broad, abdomen with scattered appressed ‘hairs..i/c2n..cbis- 25.2 ehe ns tae slossonx, new species 3. Dorsum infuscated with brown, scutellum much longer than broad; marginal vein much longer than stigmal; stigmal longer than postmarginal EER Re ee ee eT Re ee Fy aes tie. Porm te howardi Ashmead Fiend and thorax lemon yellow, dorsum of abdomen somewhat brownish; scutellum hardly longer than broad; marginal vein hardly longer Ten stigmal; stigmal and postmarginal ae pedal iore eee tetartus, new species TANAOSTIGMODES SLOSSONZ, new species. Female.—Length about 2 mm. Deep brown or brownish-black; face below level of eyes yellow; the oral region somewhat infuscated ; a yellow line between eyes, above level of insertion of antenne, which is about as broad as the black stripe below it; sides of scrobes, a longitudinal stripe on scape, broad lower posterior orbits of eyes for over two-thirds the height of eyes, small spot on upper edge of pre- pectus, and a narrow line along upper edge of mesopleurs, light yellow; antennz brown, the joints of funicle slightly wider than long, the first slightly shorter than the pedicel; head and thorax closely, finely punctured, the punctures almost thimble-like; abdomen with shallow punctures somewhat resembling reticulations by raised lines; whole insect with scattered spicule-like hairs; parapsidal fur- rows meeting before reaching rear of mesoscutum and continuing as a single line; scutellum slightly longer than broad (as 37:30); pleuree more brownish, legs light brown; wings hyaline, veins testaceous; marginal vein twice as long as stigmal, the latter slightly longer than postmarginal (30:15:12). no. 1830. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. 443 Male.—Length about 1.5 mm. Similar to the female, the scape entirely yellowish; first joint of funicle not longer than the two-ring joints combined; second joint of funicle not twice as long as first; third about as long as one and two together; fourth about as long as two plus three; fifth shorter than three and four together, sixth about as long as third; club distinctly three segmented, about one and one- half times as long as last joint of funicle. Habitat.—Biscayne Bay, Florida. Type.—Cat. No. 13660, U.S.N.M. Three females and one male, two of the females collected by Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson, for whom the species is named. TANAOSTIGMODES TETARTUS, new species. Female.—Length 1.75 mm. Yellow, including the antenne and legs, the abdomen above somewhat infuscated; head and thorax closely punctured, the thorax with scattered black hairs, each at point of insertion surrounded by a very small brown spot; parapsidal furrows toward rear faint, apparently meeting at apex of mesoscutum; scu- tellum hardly longer than broad (29:25); marginal vein slightly longer than stigmal, the latter and the postmarginal subequal (30: 15:15); legs with scattered black hairs; sculpture of abdomen resembling reticulations by raised lines. Male.—Unknown. Habitat——Barbados, West Indies. Type.Cat. No. 13661, U.S.N.M. Four specimens sent in by Mr. H. A. Ballou under number 7, with the additional data ‘‘On Hibiscus,’ May 25, 1909. Family PTEROMALID/. Tribe RHAPHITELINI. HABROCYTUS PIERCEI, new species. Female—Length about 4 mm. Bluish green, antenne brown, scape testaceous; pedicel shorter than first joint of funicle; facial quadrangle one-third wider than long; distance from a line joining lower margins of eye to side of clypeus slightly over half the length of eye; left mandible with third tooth at apex broad, blunt; head, dorsum of thorax, including propodeum between the lateral folds, and the pleurz with thimble-like punctures; pronotum rounded in front; lateral folds of propodeum broad, deep, the carina at the outer edge of these folds extending back on the neck of the propodeum; neck of propodeum with a large basal fovea on each side; median carina on propodeum indistinct; marginal and postmarginal veins subequal, the stigma shorter; femora green; the bases and apices of femora, trochanters in part, and the tibiz and tarsi, testaceous; segment one of abdomen almost as long as segments 2—4 combined; 444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSRUM. von. 40. fifth segment distinctly longer than fourth, sixth still longer; seg- ments 7 and 8 combines twice as long as 5. Male.—Unknown. Habitat—Tallulah, Louisiana. Host.—Anthonomus grandis Boheman. Described from four specimens reared by Division of Southern Field Crops of the Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agri- culture. The type and one paratype have Hunter number 1326, col- lected October, 1909, in lot I 44 n and issued March 14 and 22, 1910, respectively. Two paratypes have Hunter number 1934, one col- lected December 16, 1909, in lot V 1 a 33, and issued March 1, 1910; the others collected November 29, 1909, from lot V 1 @ 22 and issued November 29, 1909. Type.Cat. No. 13685, U.S.N.M. This species resembles H. phycitidis and H. thyridopterigis, but in both these species the fourth segment of the abdomen is as long as the fifth. Named for Mr. W. Dwight Pierce, of the Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture. ’ Tribe PTEROMALINI. Genus ZATROPIS Crawford. When this genus was originally described only the female was known. Since then the opposite sex has turned up in the type species as well as in the new species described below. The male has the antennz very like those of the female and with three ring joints, a character which readily separates these males from the males of the genus Catolaccus and allied genera. ZATROPIS DEUTERUS, new species. Female.—Length about 2 mm. Head and thorax brassy green, with fine thimble-like punctures; abdomen bluish green; eyes in dead specimens red-brown; pubescence of head and thorax spicule- like, each hair in a puncture surrounded by a flat polished space; scape and pedicel light testaceous; funicle brown; first joint of funicle about as long as pedicel, following joints of funicle successively slightly shorter; propodeum between the lateral carine with shallow thimble-like punctures; median carina distinct; laterad of lateral folds, the surface indistinctly sculptured; neck of propodeum short, finely transversely wrinkled; postmarginal vein about half as long as marginal, the stigmal slightly shorter than the postmarginal; veins light testaceous or whitish; legs, except coxe, yellowish. Male.—Length about 1.5 mm. Similar to the female, except in secondary sexual characters. Habitat.—Antigua, West Indies. no. 1830. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA—CRAWIF ORD. 445 Host.—A cecidomyid larvee injuring cotton. Type.—Cat. No. 13659, U.S.N.M. Many specimens sent by Mr. Ballou, some under note number 901, others without note number. Family EULOPHIDA. Subfamily HNTHDONIN 2. Genus PLEUROTROPIS Foerster. PLEUROTROPIS TELENOMI, new species. Female.—Length about 1:25 mm. Face below furrow green; rear of head and thorax aeneous; scutellum greenish; propodeum blue- green; base of abdomen deep blue, the rest of the abdomen zneous; legs brown, with metallic reflections; tarsi, except apically, whitish; face below V-shaped furrow smooth, except along inner orbits; antennz green; rear of head with shallow thimble-like punctures; mesoscutum very finely reticulated; posteriorly the rugule becoming longitudinal; scutellum laterally with fine longitudinal striae, the disk smooth; metanotum smooth; propodeum smooth, medially, with two carine converging anteriorly and between these a less distinct carina; lateral carine distinct; petiole finely rugose; abdo- men smooth. Male.—Length about 1 mm. Similar to the female; head and thorax brassy, the propodeum green, the abdomen purplish; the head below furrow rather coarsely reticulate, above it more finely reticulate; the sculpture of the mesonotum stronger; legs, including coxe, brown; the space between the two medial carine of the pro- podeum with three indisdinct carine. Halitat.—Entebbe, Uganda, Africa. Type.—Cat. No. 13652, U.S.N.M. Paratypes in the British Museum (Natural History.) Many specimens reared from the eggs of Anaphe infracta by Mr. C. C. Gowdey, together with Telenomus gowdeyi, on which it must be a secondary parasite. The area between the two medial carine on the propodeum varies in showing from one to three indistinct carine, the type-specimens being as given in the above descriptions. The color also varies considerably especially in the male, being at times very similar to the description given for the female. Genus HORISMENUS Walker. Tn working with these minute forms it is necessary to use the highest magnification of the Zeiss binocular microscope to see certain of the characters such as the sculpture of the first segment of the abdomen. The following table using in part characters not mentioned by Dr. W. H. Ashmead will separate the females of the species known to 446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. occur in the West Indies. All of Doctor Ashmead’s species from the West Indies were described in the genus Holcopelte ! a genus which later Doctor Ashmead considered a synonym of Horismenus. t, Coxee White... - soit de os ce cee ea acmn sas eee eee Ben productus Ashmead. Coxs not whites... 22..2:, sss ed eee ae Beng. sth ace ese 2 2. Neape white ws2ss seer ehserees Dee ea ene. Ses oe eee 3 Scape not white... Si-b ace action dtisceees si) e = ot eee ine eee eee ia 3. Face above transverse furrow with weak thimble-like punctures medially, the sides and ocellar triangle smooth, without such punctures; scutellum faintly reticulated; lateral carinze of scutellum not meeting medially at apex of scutellum; median carina of scutellum not reaching apex.... cupreus Ashmead. Face above transverse furrow, usually including ocellar triangle with thimble- like punctures or ocellar triangle reticulated : +. 22 -22J. 722222252 See 4 AS Scutellum-retieulates sis ee te ee Se eee 5 Scutellum smooth; first segment of abdomen smooth... ..--- balloui, new species. 5.) Furst. seoment ofabdomen punctured: -. 024...02..-- 25! 2-22. eee 6 First segment of abdomen reticulate..............-------.- nigroaeneus Ashmead. 67 ‘Prepectus closely punctured =: 23. 5-2 a-n)- se - 25 apantelivorus, Dew species. Prepectus not‘ punctured: 2.2.2 2A eee ee cockerelli, new species. v Segment one punctured =. i239. 245455000 cee ee metallicus Ashmead. Sesmentoneireticulater|: #512). - 2b bee. - Japhet see nigrocyaneus Ashmead. HORISMENUS BALLOUI, new species. Female.—Length about 1.5 mm. Deep green, scape and legs except cox, white; face above transverse furrow with shallow thimble-like punctures; pedicel shorter than first joint of funicle; mesocutum finely reticulate; scutellum smooth; pleure almost smooth; prepectus punctured; petiole hardly longer than broad; segment one of abdomen smooth, about as long as the following segments combined. Male.—Length about 1 mm. Similar to the female, except in secondary sexual characters. Habitat. St. Kitts, West Indies. Type.—Cat. No. 13654, U.S.N.M. Three female and two male specimens received from Mr. H. A. Ballou, bearing the additional record “‘ No. 17, L. olez on Spathodea 14/2/10.” Named for Mr. H. A. Ballou. HORISMENUS APANTELIVORUS, new species. Female.—Length about 2mm. Dark greenish eneous, the scape and legs, except coxe, white; face above transverse furrow with thimble-like punctures, the ocellar triangle finely reticulate; meso- scutum reticulate, scutellum and axille reticulated with impressed lines; median elevation of propodeum narrow, not as wide as the depressions on either side of it; pleuree smooth, prepectus with fine 1 Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., vol. 25, 1894, p. 169 et seq. no. 1830. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA—OCRAWFORD. 447 thimble-like punctures; first segment of abdomen punctured apically, hardly as long as the succeeding segments combined. Male.—Length about 1.75 mm. Similar to the female, the scape dark brown with metallic luster, the femora slightly infuscated with brown. Habitat.— Kingston, Jamaica. Host.—Apanteles (sens lat.), sp. Type.—Cat, No. 13655, U.S.N.M. Eight female and three male specimens bearing the Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, number 5755, the note stating that the specimens were reared by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. HORISMENUS COCKERELLI, new species. Female.—Length about 2.25 mm. Green, scape and legs, except cox, white; first joint of funicle slightly longer than pedicel; second and third joints of funicle longer than wide; face above transverse earia with thimblelike punctures; ocellar triangle finely reticulate; mesoscutum reticulate, scutellum and axille with a reticulation of impressed lines; pleure, including prepectus, smooth; median eleva- tion of propodeum wider than the depressions on either side of it; petiole hardly longer than wide; first segment of abdomen punctured apically, about as long as the succeeding segments together. Male.—Length 2mm. Similar to the female. The type-specimen lacking the antenne beyond the pedicel. Habitat.—Kingston, Jamaica. Host.—Apanteles (sens lat.), sp. Type.—Cat. No. 13656, U.S.N.M. Five female and one male specimen bearing the U. S. Department of Agriculture Bureau of Entomology Number 5516, the note stating that the specimens were reared by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. Named for Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. Subfamily THTRASTICHIN ©. TETRASTICHUS ANTIGUENSIS, new species. Female.—Length about 1.5 mm. Green, the legs, except coxe, testaceous; the antennz yellowish, pedicel about as long as first joint of funicle; head finely lineolated, the face above antenne with large punctures; pronotum finely rugoso punctate, mesonotum with finely longitudinal impressed lines; median area of mesoscutum with a single row of large punctures along the parapsidal furrows; meta- notum rugulose, about half as long as the propodeum; propodeum with a strong median carina and laterally a carina curving outward, these lateral carina centrad of the spiracles; area between the lateral carine with thimblelike punctures, space surrounding spiracles 448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. smooth; prepectus, metapleure and hind cox exteriorly, with thim- blelike punctures; abdomen distinctly shorter than head and thorax combined. Male.—Length about 1 mm. Similar to the female. Habitat—Antigua, West Indies. Host.—C. floridensis. Type.—Cat. No. 13657, U.S.N.M. Sent by Mr. Ballou under No. 60 with the date 16/2/09. This species closely resembles 7. punctifrons Ashmead, which in addition to the difference in color also has the abdomen slightly longer than the head and thorax together, the propodeum hardly longer than the metanotum and the mc nero a with punctures similar to the propodeum. TETRASTICHUS OVIVORUS, new species. Female.—Length about 1.4 mm. Dark green, abdomen beyond first segment znous; legs, including coxe, light testaceous; antennse brown, scape and pedicle testaceous; joints of funicle elongate, the first much longer than the pedicel; median and lateral lobes of meso- scutum finely reticulated with impressed lines; sculpture of axillee more obscure; of scutellum consisting of fine longitudinal lines; me- dian lobe of mesonotum slightly wider than long; scutellum as long as the mesoscutum and as wide between outer pair of grooves as long; median groove of mesoscutum and discal pair of grooves of scutel- lum well marked; metanotum almost as long as propodeum, both finely roughened; median carina on propodeum distinct; abdomen slightly longer than head and thorax combined, finely reticulated beyond the first segment, not strongly depressed, the sheaths of the ovipositor showing. Male.—Length about 1 mm. Similar to the female, the first joint of the funicle hardly longer than the pedicel and not as long as the second. Habitat.—Entebbe, Uganda, Africa. Host.—Eges of Conchyloctena parummaculata. Type in British Museum (Natural History). Paratype.—Cat. No. 13686, U.S.N.M. Described from two female and two male specimens reared by Mr. C. C. Gowdy and transmitted by the Entomological Research Committee (Tropical Africa) of the British Government. Subfamily HULOPHIN 42%. SYMPIESIS FELTI, new species. Female.—Length about 2mm. Head deep purplish, the clypeal area green; abdomen brown with green along the sides; face smooth except medially above clypeus, where it is roughened; antennz sit- no. 1830. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW HYMENOPTERA—CRAWFORD. 449 uated well above a line connecting the lower margins of the eyes; antennz dark brown, scape except tip whitish; pedicel not half as long as first joint of funicle; joints of funicle elongate, the first longer than the second, the third and fourth subequal and shorter than the second; middle lobe of mesonotum and scutellum reticulate with raised lines; lateral lobes of mesonotum reticulate outwardly, the inner margins smooth and with a few setigerous punctures; axille smooth, shiny; disk of metathorax smooth, with a median carina; propodeum with a median and lateral carine, and slightly back of the middle a transverse one; between the spiracles smooth, laterad of the spiracles with setigerous punctures; neck of propodeum at sides with a flattened plate-like process extending over the base of the coxe; postmarginal vein almost twice as long as stigmal; marginal vein not much longer than submarginal and not twice as long as post- marginal; legs light testaceous; abdomen smooth, quite hairy at base. Male.—Unknown. One specimen from Hudson Falls, New York, May 27, 1910, with the number a2034, reared from Agromyza melanopyga in fern leaves. Type.—Cat. No. 13651, U.S.N.M. Received through the Bureau of Entomology, from Dr. E. P. Felt, after whom it is named. 80796°— Proc. N.M. vol.40—11——29 ax? any: Sy. one RSE agi ay ae bale Gel Lak WL, in pees lites REA TG) AE MR MW Th A RE! age Leesan dia xi ee he iheye ie Pee rach allay © kee insaedes a.’ ey axl bony Eee WA ASO ERE aes “Aina Oa pete a 4) Mice ae a we ate vile) Peery mee a bb ee ies aw! a afi Mica “te ‘Opamedao tha a ae Liacgh iy DPN ghar: (| Sala ine abi: 4a arise FE ORES AE ONES eae Se Mogren” UiGease nid Sacreain FP ate : . a asi: Nee eee eas re. te ey ede apie Hy DEMME CR See ive ie Yj Teh rs Y ee y) ; sis HT Bees Fs ne a Rr ae corr ‘ny iat ee biden it babii CaS hoon cece tae ac Kies puet e La Wee alia fetes: 1 i Sate bn Wah ? ry RJA, : rat, Veep bey j rf b - to 4 “a iM he 4 i er ; ; \ fe " ; on aS pie VAG i ‘tet na NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS OF THE ORDER MEROCHETA, WITH AN EXAMPLE OF KINETIC EVOLUTION. By O. F. Cook, Of the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington. EVOLUTION OF USELESS CHARACTERS IN MILLIPEDS. The adaptive characters of the higher animals and plants, corre- sponding to differences of habits and external conditions of existence, have furnished the principal arguments for the theory that evolu- tionary changes of organisms are brought about by the selective action of the environment. A special evolutionary interest attaches to the structural diversities of lower groups like the millipeds because they enable the theory of selection to be tested by application to large series of biological facts. In comparison with the specialized differences of habits, habitats, and food requirements found among the members of the higher classes of plant and animal life, the millipeds may be said to have an almost complete ecological unity. Nearly all the members of the group have essentially the same habits and live in closely similar environments. They pass their lives buried in the humus layer of the soil or among the dead leaves or other decaying vegetable matter that furnishes their food. With such uniformity of external conditions the influences of natural selection should be expected to work in the same direction, so that the structural unity of the group would be preserved. The facts do not correspond with this inference from the theory of selection. Elaborate structural specializations have taken place among the millipeds, quite as elaborate as in groups exposed to the selective requirements of specialized external conditions. Darwin and many other writers have argued that evolution would not con- tinue in a group of organisms that remained in a uniform environ- ment. Evolutionary progress in the development of new characters is supposed to be called forth by adaptive response to the stress of external conditions. The theory that selection is the cause of evolu- tion implies that new characters must be useful, but a very large part of the evolution of the millipeds represents the production of charac- ters that seem to be quite useless in any environmental relation. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1831. 451 452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. In a recent number of these Proceedings Gerrit 5. Miller, jr., has described examples of divergent evolution under uniform environ- ments in the color characters of the Malayan species of mouse-deer. These are small, nocturnal, forest creatures whose inconspicuous habits might be compared with those of the millipeds.' It is the regular rule for related species of millipeds to show such differences of color, not only in neighboring regions, but often in the same localities. With the millipeds the general uniformity of habits makes it also apparent that such nonadaptive differences are not limited to small details of color or proportion, but include elaborate structural specializations, characters of families and orders, as well as of species and genera. While there can be no absolute certainty that any particular specialization of a milliped or of any other creature is entirely useless, and always has been, the range of speculation regarding the adaptive value of characters is greatly narrowed because of the general uniform- ity in the habits of the group, a uniformity that must be supposed to have existed in the past as well as in the present. The general rela- tion of natural selection to the evolution of the millipeds is not deter- mined by the usefulness or uselessness of some particular character, but is to be judged from the larger and more general fact that the structural differentiation of the members of the group is out of all pro- portion to their environmental differences. Even if it were to be admitted that natural selection had accom- plished all that has been claimed for it in the evolution of special characters in specialized environments, asin some of the higher groups, such theories would still be inadequate to account for elaborate diversification among the members of lower groups that have con- tinued in essentially the same environments. General facts of the ecology of whole orders or classes of animals and plants can be appreciated, of course, only by those who have detailed familiarity with such groups. The public can consider only the special cases that may be adduced as illustrations. The example of kinetic evolution afforded by the new Porto Rican milliped does not differ essentially from many other examples of useless structural differences already specified, but this case affords an unusually definite evidence of the uselessness of a very elaborate structural specialization.’ The animal described below belongs to a cosmopolitan tropical group (Stylodesmoide) characterized by a peculiar roughening of the dorsal surfaces of the segments by a dense felt of short hairs. Small particles of earth are caught and matted into the hairs, so that 1qQ.S. Miller, jr., The Mouse-Deer of the Rhio-Linga Archipelago: A Study of Specific Differentiation under Uniform Environment, Proceedings of the U. 8S. National Museum, vol. 37, 1910, pp. 1-9. 20. F. Cook, Evolutionary Inferences from the Diplopoda, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 5, No.1, 1901, p. 14. No. 1881. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 453 the animal gains not merely a protective coloration, like the surround- ing soil, but a firmly attached coating of the actual soil material. From the evolutionary standpoint the hairy covering that holds the soil particles may be considered as an adaptive character of the same general class as protective colorations and mimetic resemblances. It certainly renders the earth-covered animals much more difficult to collect for scientific purposes than members of other families with clean surfaces. An experiment with one of these earth-covered types (Stylodesmus) in Liberia showed that the unpracticed eye could detect the creatures only with great difficulty against their natural back- ground of earth, even after the location of the specimens had been quite definitely pointed out. After my friends had been told how many specimens were under a particular leaf they often took several minutes to find them. Yet there is nothing to indicate that other families of millipeds have suffered any evolutionary advantage or disadvantage from the lack of the protective covering. There is a very wide range of colors and combinations. Some are black, some white, some with inconspicuous grays and browns. Bright yellows, reds, purples, and even blue shades, are also found that might be considered as sexual attractions or warnings to enemies, were it not for the fact that the animals are all completely eyeless and nocturnal in their habits. The new Porto Rican milliped ' is of interest quite apart from the question of the protective value of the earthy covering, which it shares with many related genera. If natural selection by external agencies were needed to bring about changes of characters, no further evolution of the dorsal surfaces of these hairy earth-covered millipeds would be expected after the object of protective coloration had been so perfectly attained. Different environments could make no new demands for more adequate protection, for in this respect the creatures are equally well adapted for every environment in which their other limitations would enable them to exist. They can assume com- pletely the color and texture of any kind of soil in which they may happen to live. And yet evolution has continued to go on underneath this covering of earth. It seems impossible to imagine that any use can attach to the elaborate and highly specialized lobing of the margins of the segments, the peculiarity that distinguishes the new Porto Rican milliped from the two closely related West Indian genera, Tridesmus and Docodes- mus. For animals with naked surfaces such lobing would involve a practical change in the outlines of the segments and the general appearance of the body, that might be of significance in relation to the external environment, but in the actual case extensive changes 1 See p. 4565. 454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. in the forms of the segments underneath the earthy covering have produced no apparent external result. The hairs that clothe the surfaces of the segments project into the narrow incisions and bridge them over, so that the adherent layer of earth is not interrupted. The gaps in the margins of the segments are narrower than the deeper parts of the incisions, as if to keep the outlines of the segments and the general form of the body unmodified. The practical result is quite the same as though the margins of the segments had remained entire, as in the related genera. It would be difficult to imagine a more gratuitous evolutionary change, by which the structure of the segments could be so elaborately modified with so little effect upon the external form or environmental relations of the body as a whole. It would be rash to insist upon a generalization from any one example of a useless evolutionary change, or even from any one group of animals in which such examples are so abundant as among the millipeds. But if detailed study of many other groups convinces one that the great majority of the differences that distinguish the species and genera are of the same generally useless, nonadaptive character, it becomes impossible to avoid the inference that evolutionary change is not at all limited to the characters subject to the selective action of the natural environment. That selection may interfere to retard or forbid the spread of a harmful variation among the members of a species is easy to under- stand, but no concrete explanation has been offered to show how selection can call forth a new character or even bring about any in- creased development of a character already in existence. Selection is able, undoubtedly, to raise the average of expression of any preferred character in a species or other group of organisms, either wild or domesticated, by restricting reproduction to lines of descent in which the preferred character is expressed with the greatest regularity. Yet such an increase in the regularity of expression of a character is not the same as the production of a new character or an increase in the development of a character beyond a previous maximum. If further selection be applied to the progeny of individuals selected for the expression of a certain character, still higher degrees of expression may sometimes be found, but this does not prove that the increased expression represents a new character, or that it is due to selection. The same degree of expression might have been found by wider selection among the members of the parent group. The idea that natural selection is the actuating cause of evolu- tionary progress lacks evidence of fact and force of logic. The wide range of diversity found everywhere among the freely interbreeding members of wild species forbids the assumption that the intraspecific differences are all of adaptive value or that the natural tendency is toward a stable, uniform expression of characters. The general No. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 455 facts of diversity and interbreeding support the opposite view that evolutionary change of characters in species is a spontaneous, kinetic process, independent of the selective action of the environment.! Recognizing evolution as an antecedent fact, the influence of natural selection can be understood, for it represents the power of the environment to determine the directions that evolutionary progress may take. It is plain that natural selection must favor the expression of characters that prove useful, and forbid or restrict the expression of those that prove harmful. That such a regulation of the characters of a species by the standards of the environment may profoundly affect the subsequent course of evolution is also easy to understand, without supposing that selection actuates the progres- sive development of the new characters. The causes of evolution are to be sought, not in the environment, but in the organization of species as groups of individually diverse, freely interbreeding organisms. The results of the evolutionary process, as shown in such groups as the millipeds, indicate that varia- tions not only occur but become established in expression as new characters without having any direct adaptive value for selection to work upon. Thousands of differences between species, genera, families, and orders have come into existence while the environment of the group as a whole has remained practically unchanged. Instead of evolution being limited to the adaptive characters that are fos- tered by selection there seems to be full liberty of change in all directions that are not too harmful to the environmental interests of the species. A NEW GENUS FROM PORTO RICO. The following is a formal description of the animal discussed in the preceding section: IOMUS, new genus. Type.—Iomus incisus, new species, from Porto Rico. Diagnosis —Related to Tridesmus Cook, also from Porto Rico, and to Docodesmus Cook from St. Vincent, but with the margins of the carine deeply incised, the last segment reduced and concealed, the broad trilobed apex exceeded by large subclavate dorsal processes of the penultimate segment. Description.—Body small, oblong, abruptly rounded at the ends, about four times as long as broad; dorsum rather strongly convex, the carinz depressed nearly in the direction of the dorsal arch. Dorsum with four longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles, enlarged into subclavate processes on posterior segments. Head concealed and compressed under the expanded first segment, facing ventrad; vertex covered to the level of the antennw with a 10. F. Cook, Methods and Causes of Evolution, Bull. 136 Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1908. 456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. rounded shield of rough black integument; posterior corner some- what excavate to accommodate the antenna; clypeus of thin, trans- parent, white, finely rugulose integument, with four equidistant punctuations below; labrum indistinctly tridentate with a trans- verse row of eight small, setiferous punctuations. Antenne rather long and slender, but distinctly clavate and strongly geniculate at joint 4; joint 3 slightly longer than 1 and 2 taken together; joint 5 the longest, about twice as long as joint 4 and about three times as long as 2, 6, or 7. Surface of all the jomts densely hirsute with short hairs; jomts 4—6 with asingle long bristle near the end on the outer face. (See fig. 1.) First segment distinctly narrower than the second, triangular flabellate, the anterior mar- gin rounded, the posterior very oblique on each side, transverse for a short distance in Fie. 1—lomus incsus. AN- the middle. Anterior, half of dorsal surface TENNA. e . . occupied by 10 radiating areas separated by slightly impressed grooves above and below; not incised like the other segments. Posterior part of segment above with 10 tubercles arranged in two transverse rows of four and six; anterior tubercles equidistant, posterior with the inner tubercles very close together and the outer remote from the others. Second segment with carine broadened outward to embrace the first segment, anterior margin entire, lateral margin with two deep incisions, posterior margin with two more shallow incisions. Third segment with carine somewhat broader than the fourth, but with anterior and lateral margins similarly incised. Segments with four longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles, three tubercles to each row; tubercles of two median rows larger and more regularly placed than those of outer rows, the anterior tubercle somewhat enlarged and pro- jecting forward on anterior segments, the posterior tubercle enlarged and projecting ria. 2—Tomvs meses. Ca- backward on posterior segments. The outer “0% SFGMENTS BAND 9. rows well separated from the inner, somewhat curved or oblique, the middie tubercle of the row always largest and somewhat higher up than the posterior tubercle. Carinie nearly as broad as the body cylinder, over twice as broad as long; lateral margin with a deep oval incision near the middle; anterior and posterior margins with three or four similar smaller incisions, nearly closed by the connivent angles of the lobes, but with a broad sinus. (Fig. 2.) No. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 457 Repugnatorial pores indicated by a small elevation at the base of the posterior lobe of the carina of segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-18: these segments also lack a distinct conic tubercle near the middle of the carina, present on other segments. (Fig. 2.) Supplementary margins divided into minute oblong plates, over twice as long as broad, the distal end entire and rounded. Anterior subsegments separated by a very deep and abrupt trans- verse constriction; surface very minutely reticulate-punctate, the markings arranged in transverse rows on the posterior part of the subsegment, the last row very regular and elongate. Segments 17-19 with last tubercle of dorsal row enlarged into a papiliform or cylindric process projecting obliquely backward; process of segment 18 largest. | Last segment reduced and almost completely covered from above, exceeded by the produced carine and dorsal processes of segment 19; setiferous apex of segment covered with a broadly rounded median lobe, with a smaller and more pointed lobe on each side, also two distinct setiferous tubercles farther down along the posterior margin. Anal valves nearly flat. Last sternum broadly rounded with two minute setiferous tubercles, the apex not produced. Sterna very narrow, scarcely as wide as the articulations of the legs; surface smooth, with a rather slight longitudinal and a more distinct transverse impression. AR SU abt ELIE Oe - 8 ° PODS, ANTERIOR SIDE. Legs rather slender, joint 2 over twice as long as joint 1, about two-thirds as long as joint 3; joints 4 and 5 short, subequal, rather robust, about as broad as long; joint 6 very slender, longer than joint 3. Gonopods with a large hollow, clypeate basal joint closing over the small apical joint. Basal joint, viewed from in front, with a rounded-triangular outline, tuberculate near the outer angle and with a smal! notch near the lower inner angle; broadly and deeply emarginate on the posterior face. Second joint with three simple plates, two narrow on the anterior side and one on the posterior, shorter, broader, and more strongly incurved at apex. The longer anterior plates cross the median line. (Figs. 3 and 4.) Pocock says that the sterna of Docodesmus are ‘as large as in Polydesmus”’ and that the sternum of the eighth segment is “fur- nished in front with a pair of tubercles tipped with a brush of hairs, a somewhat similar tubercle being noticeable upon the coxa of the anterior legs of this somite.’”’ The sterna of Jomus are much nar- rower than in Polydesmus and show no indications of such tubercles either on segment 8 or elsewhere. The sternum of the third segment of the female has a slight transverse ridge and a very broadly trian- 458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. gular process in the middle fitting closely against the strongly com- pressed, square-cornered, thin-edged, basal joints of the legs. The last segment of Docodesmus is larger than in Jomus and with two large tubercles on its upper surface, as well as having the pos- terior border trilobate, but in Jomus the tubercles end with segment 19, the last segment having no exposed surface for the accommodation of such tubercles, only the lobed margin being exserted beyond the rim of segment 19. In Tridesmus also the last segment is distinctly exposed behind the posterior edge of the penultimate segment. IOMUS INCISUS, new species. Type-specimen.—Cat. No. 806 U.S.N.M., collected near Mayaguez, Porto Rico, November 30, 1899, by O. F. Cook. Length of male 10.5 mm., width 2.8 mm.; female 12.5 mm. by 3.4 mm. Color of dorsal surfaces black, also the vertex of the head, the under surfaces of the first segment and carine and the sides of the segments below the carine. Sterna, legs, antenne, lower half of head, anal valves and preanal scale, whitish or hyaline. Head strongly depressed, much exceeded by the projecting margins of the first segment. Vertex rather strongly convex, sulcus rather deep, surface strongly granular-hispid like the surfaces of the segments. Clypeus smooth and nearly flat, with three rather sharp teeth in a shallow emargination subtended by ten or twelve widely separated sete arranged in two rows. First segment distinctly narrower than the second, but over three times as long in the middle line; anterior margin entire, nearly trans- verse in the middle, with a shallow notch on each side near the lateral corner. Segments with dorsal surface densely hispid with minute sub- capitate hairs, matted with adherent particles of earth; removal of these shows a granular-uneven surface without distinct markings other than the dorsal tubercles and the marginal lobes. Median rows of tubercles as far from each other as from the lateral rows. Posterior segments abruptly narrowed from about the seventeenth; the posterior dorsal tubercles distinctly enlarged, those of segments 17-19 forming oblique cylindric-conic processes, largest on segment 18, those of segment 19 set close together, projecting horizontally. Last segment with a short decurved apex distinctly exceeded by the enlarged posterior tubercles of segment 19; dorsal black, rough- Fic. 4.—IOMUS INCISUS. GONO- PODS, POSTERIOR SIDE. no. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 459 ened surface of segment slightly produced into a broad median lobe and two smaller lateral lobes; apex proper narrow, smooth and white, slightly decurved, scarcely exceeded by the broad median lobe. Anal valves horizontal, smooth, slightly convex, with distinctly raised margins, though not very prominent. Preanal scale very broadly triangular rounded, not produced in the middle, with a small setiferous tubercle on each side. Seven adult animals were obtained, three males and four females, all in one locality a few miles to the northeast of Mayaguez, along the road toward Las Marias. The type of Tridesmus sectilis (Berlin Museum, No. 900) was probably collected near Mayaguez where Krug resided. Jomus is apparently more common than Tridesmus, for no additional speci- mens of the latter genus have been obtained during two visits to Porto Rico. A second specimen has been reported, however, from Utuado, by Professor Silvestri, who describes it as a second species of Tridesmus, T. portoricensis.1 Other specimens of Jomus from Barrio Plata and from Bayamon were supposed at first to represent the same species, but more detailed examination shows definite differences that appear to require taxo- nomic recognition. As the specimens from the other localities are all females, only preliminary diagnoses can be offered. IOMUS PLATANUS, new species. Type-specomen.—Cat. No. 807, U.S.N.M., collected in Barrio Plata, Porto Rico, November, 1899, by O. F. Cook. Closely similar to 7. incisus, but somewhat more robust, the females attaining 13.5 mm. by 3.7 mm. First segment with anterior margin more convex than in J. incisus, and slightly but distinctly scalloped. Middle rows of dorsal tubercles distinctly closer to each other than to the outer rows, instead of at equal distances, as in /. incisus. These differences may appear rather small, but they are quite definitely shown in all the members of the two series of specimens. Eleven adult female specimens and one immature male were col- lected under a rotting log. The male specimen has 18 segments and 26 pairs of legs, and measures 5.5 mm. by 1.8 mm. Sternum of seg- ment 7 unmodified; carine notched as in adult, but the dorsal tuber- cles somewhat less pronounced; repugnatorial pores more distinct. This specimen is of interest as showing that Tridesmus does not repre- sent a younger stage of Jomus, a question naturally suggested by the close external resemblance of the two genera. ' 1F. Silvestri, Myriapoda from Porto Rico and Culebra, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 24, p. 577 August, 1908. 460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40. IOMUS OBLIQUUS, new species. Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 808, U.S.N.M., collected near Bayamon, Porto Rico, November, 1899, by O. F. Cook. Closely similar to J. wncisus and I. platanus, but slightly more slender, the female measuring about 13.5 mm. by 3.4 mm. First segment with anterior margin more transverse in the middle than in J. incisus, but also more distinctly scalloped than in J. platanus. Dorsal tubercles of middle rows distinctly closer to each other than to the outer rows, but the posterior tubercles of the middle rows much farther apart than the anterior, so that the rows appear distinctly oblique, or converging forward, especially on segments near the middle of the body. On the anterior segments the anterior tubercles of the middle rows are distinctly enlarged. The same tendency is shown to a slight extent in J. incisus, while in J. platanus the middle tubercle of the inner rows are often somewhat larger than the others as in the outer rows. In the present species the enlarged anterior tubercles are united with two broad median lobes of the margins of the subsegments. There are two somewhat smaller lobes on each side separated by notches like those of the margins of the carine. The raised margins project somewhat forward and are more prominent in this species. The surface of the segments shows a suggestion of division into areas by very slight impressed lines. The carinz appear shorter and somewhat more widely separated than in J. platanus, and the marginal incisions are somewhat deeper and more open. The wider separation of the posterior tubercles of the inner rows in this species may be considered as an approximation to the arrange- ment of the outer rows, in the same way that the tendency to the enlargement of the middle tubercles of the inner rows in J. platanus approximates the specialization of the middle tubercle of the outer rows. A single female specimen was found on limestone rocks near Baya- mon. The color is a dsep brown, not completely black, as in the other species, and especially in J. platanus. SYNOPSIS OF WEST INDIAN GENERA OF CHYTODESMIDA. The Chytodesmide are more nearly related to the African families Stylodesmide and Hercodesmide than to the true Cryptodesmidz of South America. The gonopods agree with those of the African families in having the basal joint large and clypeate to contain the small folded terminal joint, but the segments lack the huge dorsal processes that characterize the African families. The slight develop- ment of the dorsal tubercles gives these West Indian genera a super- ficial resemblance to a third African family, the Pterodesmide, but the gonopods are of entirely different patterns in the two groups. no. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 461 Carine divided by deep incisions into numerous lobes; lateral margin with two lobes. Genus Jomus, type J. incisus Cook, from Porto Rico. Carinze with dorsal areas separated only by shallow grooves and notches. Dorsum strongly and evenly convex, with three transverse rows of convex smooth rounded or polygonal areas; lateral carine narrow, depressed, the pores large and distinct. Genus Chytodesmus, type C. laqueatus (Karsch), from Cuba. Dorsum slightly convex, with indistinct transverse or radiating, roughened or hispid areas; lateral carinez broad, nearly horizontal; pores very small. Poriferous carinze with four marginal areas or lobes, the others with three; pos- terior area not strongly enlarged; last segment rather long, truncate at apex, with a distinct rounded lobe on each side. Genus Docodesmus, type D. vincentit (Pocock), from St. Vincent. All the carinz with three marginal areas except at posterior end of body; pos- terior area much enlarged and somewhat produced on poriferous segments; last segment very small, triangular rounded at apex, entire. Genus 7'ri- desmus, type T’. sectilis Cook, from Porto Rico. NOTE ON SOUTH AMERICAN CHYTODESMIDZ. Another member of the Chytodesmide was recognized several years ago in the Berlin Museum among the spec- imens from Bogota, Colombia, included by Peters in his composite species Cryptodesmus alatus. The repugnatorial pores open on a special tubercle near the posterior corner of the carinz, as in the West Indian genera Docodesmus and Tridesmus. It differs from these West Indian relatives in the very small size of the body and the very slight and poorly defined dorsal sculpture, consisting of a few large rectangular or polygonal areas. re. 5.—-srictopesmus The following characters are described from notes CRPER. SEG@munts1-6. C DORSAL VIEW and figures drawn at Berlin: STICTODESMUS CREPER Cook. Stictodesmus creper Cook, Brandtia, p. 20, June, 1896. Body composed of 19 segments, length 4.2 mm., width about 0.8 mm., being the smallest of the specimens originally assigned by Peters to his Oryptodesmus alaius. First segment much narrower than the second, not completely con- cealing the head and the distinctly clavate antennz; shape of seg- ment subelliptic, or broadly fusiform, much more nearly symmetrical than usual; a line connecting the lateral angles would nearly bisect the segment. (See fig. 5.) Segments with two rows of somewhat distinct dorsal areas on each side of the impressed median line; other areas not distinct. Lateral carine less than half as wide as the body-cylinder, deeply grooved and notched in the middle of the otherwise entire posterior 462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40, margin; lateral margin slightly impressed and notched to form four rounded lobes on poriferous segments, three lobes on other segments; posterior corners of carinz narrower than the anterior, not produced backward except on posterior segments. (See figs. 5 and 6.). Repugnatorial pores rather large, opening toward the side, near the margin of the carina, just in front of the sinus between the third and fourth lobes. Last segment rather broadly triangular, projecting far beyond the small and slightly produced carine of the penultimate segment. (See fig. 6.) A NEW GENUS FROM ST. PAUL DE LOANDA. A report was published in 1893 on a small collection of myriapoda obtained from the U.S. National Museum by Mr. Heli Chatelaine at St. He de Loanda, West Africa.! The specimen to be described below was not included when the others were sent to me for identification, perhaps because it was broken into so many pieces. It did not come to my atten- tion until five or six years afterwards, when descrip- tions and figures were prepared, to await another long delay in publication. Though the antenne and most of the legs have been lost, the structural characters of the segments and of the copulatory apparatus show that the ani- mal represents, not only a new generic type, but one that is not closely related to any other hitherto FIG. 6.—STICTODESMUS ‘ peo : saan crerer. Secments described. The habit is quite similar to that of the 19. 5 2 C : 18-19. DORSAL VIEW. other West African and American genera belonging to the family Pterodesmide, but the resemblance proves to be a merely superficial analogy, another of the numerous approximations in external characters between millipeds that belong to unrelated families. © Notwithstanding the flattened dorsum and the broad wing-like carine, the affinities of the new genus lie with the Stylodesmide, Hercodesmide, Chytodesmidex, and other related families that have the basal joint of the gonopods very large and hollowed out to con- tain and conceal the much smaller and more complicated distal joint. This feature seems to be diagnostic of a cosmopolitan natural group often confused with the South American family Cryptodesmide. In addition to the large clypeate basal joint of the gonopods, the Stylodesmide and their allies are characterized by the prominent positions of the repugnatorial pores, which are borne on special lobes, processes, or tubercles, whereas the pores of the Pterodesmide, though seldom or never really absent, as at first supposed, are ex- 1 Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 703. No. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 463 tremely small and are often quite remote from the margins of the carine. The bodies of the Stylodesmide and most of their allies are charac- terized by the strongly convex dorsum and strongly decurved carine, which contrast with the flat, depressed bodies and horizontal carins of the Pterodesmide and related types, but this new form shows that no general distinction in the shape of the body can be maintained. It is one of those forms that are usually called aberrant, because they do not readily find places in previous classifications. The study of this type has led to a comparison of members of several other groups and a review of the pertinent literature. It has also been necessary to consider the characters of some undescribed forms that were accessible for comparison. The new genus is named in honor of Mr. Chatelaine, not only because he collected the specimen on which it is based, but in recog- nition of his services to science in the study of the language and customs of the natives of Angola, as shown in his writings on these subjects.? CHATELAINEA, new genus. Plate 60, figs. la—-In. Ty pe.—Chatelainea pterodesmoides, new species. Body rather small, oblong, depressed, the segments with broad, nearly horizontal carine. First segment large, projecting in front of the head; subflabelli- form, about twice as broad as long, widest near the middle, twice as wide as the head; anterior margin evenly curved, divided by fine notches and radiating impressed lines into 10 subequal lobes; lateral angles rounded. Segments plane or somewhat concave above, the carine slightly elevated; dorsal surface covered with minute hairs and irregular granules or tubercles, becoming definitely raised areas along the margins of the carine and in the middle of the dorsum. Lateral carinze with three or four deep notches in the posterior border and one or two in the lateral border, deeper on poriferous segments. The lobes between the notches form convex areas distinct from the more irregularly roughened remainder of the surface. The anterior margin is bordered by a narrow raised ridge. (Pl. 60, fig. 1a.) Repugnatorial pores located on the dorsal surface at the base of the posterior lateral lobe of the carina, which is more deeply notched and more prominent above on poriferous segments. Poriferous lobe shorter than the others on anterior segments, but longer on posterior, 1 Folk Tales of Angola, Kimbundu Grammar, ete. 464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. and finally extended into a long tooth with an oblique or backward direction. (See pl. 60, fig. 1n.) Pore formula probably normal, but, with so many of the segments separated, all that can be definitely ascertained is that segment 7 has pores, and also the last nine seg- ments of the body, with the exception of segments 14 and 20. Supplementary margin well developed, consisting of a row of oblong or broadly spatulate appendages, those of the ventral side broader and with truncate entire margins, those of the dorsal side distinctly angled in the middle and with the margins very minutely toothed. (See pl. 60, figs. if and 1g.) Posterior segments gradually narrowed, the last three more abruptly, and with the margins more deeply lobed; the posterior margins more deeply notched or toothed, and the poriferous lobes of the carine produced into long recurved spines. Last segment small, conic, not concealed under the penultimate; the decurved apex ending in a small truncate tubercle, not definitely indicated in the drawing. (PI. 60, fig. 1n.) Anal valves rather flat, the surface minutely granular but without distinct tubercles. Preanal scale very broadly triangular, the lateral edges distinctly concave; apex rounded in the middle, but produced on each side into a distinct papilliform tubercle, bearing along bristle. (PI. 60, fig. 17.) Sterna narrow, with a distinct, but rather narrow and shallow median groove, and a broader and deeper transverse groove; no spines at the bases of the legs. (Pl. 60, fig. 1c.) Legs rather slender; joint 2 nearly as long as joint 3, slightly exceeded by joint 6; joint 5 nearly twice as long as joint 4 and half as long as joint 6. (PI. 60, fig. 1h.) Copulatory legs with a large clypeate basal joint inclosing and con- cealing the complicated terminal joint. (Pl. 60, figs. 1), k, /, and m.) The basal joint has a strong tooth near the middle of the posterior border. The upper part of the basal joint, as seen on the mesial face (pl. 60, fig. 1m) has a large depression to accommodate the strongly recurved terminal spine of the apical joint which bends backward toward the depression. Anterior margin of rim of aperture with a triangular median process. (Pl. 60, fig. 17.) CHATELAINEA PTERODESMOIDES, new species. Ty pe-specimen.—Cat. No. 802, U.S.N.M., collected by Heli Chate- laine at St. Paula de Loanda. Accession 23,400. Length of male probably about 18 mm.; width 3.5 mm. Color of alcoholic specimen a dull slightly reddish brown, paler below. As in Stylodesmus and other related forms, the finely hispid or pilose surface doubtless holds small particles of earth that lend the living animal the exact color of the soil in which it happens to live. no. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 465 Head small and depressed, facing nearly ventral, concealed far under the projecting margin of the first segment. Vertex rather obscurely and irregularly granular, with a rather distinct rounded prominence at each of the posterior corners, behind the antenne; surface pilose like that of the segments. Clypeus rather long and narrow, distinctly emarginate on the sides, with a rather broadly sloping transverse ridge; surface nearly smooth, scarcely pilose, labrum narrow, smooth, with a shallow emargination and three rather sharp teeth. Antenne rather slender, moderately pilose; second joint over twice as long as the first and somewhat exceeding the third; other joints lost. First segment distinctly narrower than the second, over half as long as broad, widest in front of the middle. Dorsal surface strongly convex in the posterior part, concave in front, the anterior margin distinctly upturned; irregularly granular, more even on the marginal areas; densely and very minutely pilose. : Second and following segments with three lateral lobes or areas and three or four posterior, the latter separated by larger notches. Surfaces of lobes rather evenly convex, the remainder of the surface roughened with low irregular granules. Posterior segments somewhat gradually narrowed from about the sixteenth. Carine rather more strongly upturned than on the middle segments and with the poriferous posterior lobe produced into a long oblique spine bearing the pore near the base. Posterior margin more distinctly scalloped in the middle than on anterior and middle segments. Segments 18 and 19 have the two middle tubercles of the posterior margin specially enlarged. Last segment distinctly projecting beyond segment 19 in the mid- dle, though evidently exceeded by the long poriferous tubercles of segment 19, incomplete in this specimen, as the figure indicates. Surface less uneven than on preceding segments, but still distinctly granular and pilose. Two minute setiferous tubercles along the lateral margins on each side below the apex. RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FAMILY CRYPTODESMID. The difficulty of assigning Chatelainea to a satisfactory place in the classification is due, in large measure, to the confusion that has been allowed to gather around Cryptodesmus, the genus to which some writers might refer Chatelainea. This name belongs, in reality, to a little-known South American milliped, but has been used for many and very diverse species from all parts of the tropical world. It is generally considered that the tropical forms referred to the genus Cryptodesmus or to the family Cryptodesmide constitute a distinct group, but most writers have hesitated to recognize the true extent 80796°—Proc. N.M.vol.40—11——30 466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. of the structural diversities inside this group, perhaps because of the uncertainty that still attaches to the original genus Cryptodesmus and the family Cryptodesmide. Comparison of African material with the original specimens of Cryptodesmus in the Berlin Museum showed that the reference of African species to this genus was without warrant, and the presence of many constant structural differences among the members of a rich African fauna led to the recognition of a considerable series of new genera, and finally to the grouping of these genera into families. It was also found that some of the tropical American millipeds were much more related to the African genera than the first species that Peters assigned to Cryptodesmus, so that some new American genera were established and assigned, provisionally at least, to African families. As the American fauna becomes better known it appears more and more probable that the original genus Cryptodesmus stands well apart from the other members of the series of forms usually associated with it. Indeed, in Pocock’s recent treatment of the Central American millipeds in the Biologia Centrali-Americana a new family Peridon- todesmide is established for the genus that seems to be more nearly related to Cryptodesmus than any other member of the Central American fauna. The first segment of Peridontodesmus is not ex- panded as in Cryptodesmus and the carine are broader and more deeply notched, but such differences would not be considered very . serious if other features were alike. It may be that the rough outlines of the first and last segments of the type of Cryptodesmus shown on pl. 60, figs. 2a and 2c, will help to explain the tendency to look upon any 20-segmented tropical milliped with a large first segment as a relative of Cryptodesmus, and to show at the same time that such conclusions are generally unwarranted. Apart from the broadly expanded first segment, the original type of Cryptodesmus does not show any tendency toward either of the two forms of specialization that characterize most of its supposed rela- tives. The segments do not have radiating marginal areas as in the Pterodesmide, nor enlarged dorsal tubercles, crests, or processes as in the Stylodesmide, Hercodesmide, and Chytodesmide. The repugnatorial pores are equally unspecialized. They are not located — on the anterior part of the segment as in the Pterodesmide, nor on a | special lobe or tubercle as in the Stylodesmide and their allies, but are located near the margin on a slight elevation, somewhat as in Scytonotus. The segments have simple piliferous tubercles as in Peridontodesmus and Scytonotus, and in the pore characters also there is more agreement with these genera than with the Pterodes- mide or the Stylodesmidz. There would seem to be better justifi- cation for the recognition of the family Scytonotide than for the No. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 467 family Peridontodesmidx. Scytonotus is a specialized type that cer- tainly stands well apart from the now rather numerous genera of true Polydesmide in the structure and sculpture of the segments, as well as in the numerous and highly specialized secondary sexual characters. This has been recognized by Attems in his System der Polydesmiden, where our North American Scytonotus is associated with members of the South American family Trachelodesmide, though the lack of any true relationship is admitted. The structure of the gonopods of Scytonotus is also peculiar in that the basal joint is unusually large and somewhat hollowed out to accommodate the second joint. Though the specialization is not carried to any such extent as in the Stylodesmoid series, the analogy is suggestive. In Peridontodesmus, according to Pocock, the basal joints of the gono- pods are fused together, a unique condition, as far as known, in the entire order. A NEW SOUTH AMERICAN GENUS RELATED TO CRYPTODESMUS AND PERIDONTODESMUS. The relations between Peridontodesmus and Cryptodesmus appear to be very close, both in the characters of the segments and in the more significant features of the structure of the gonopods. A Brazilian species described by Attems as Cryptodesmus pusillus, though not as similar to C. olfersii as its author supposed, is at least to be considered as a member of a related genus. A comparison of Attems’s description and figures of Cryptodesmus pusillus with notes and drawings made from the type-specimen of C. olfersii shows several important discrepancies, though not such as to destroy the probability of family relationship with Cryptodesmus. The body of C. pusillus is much smaller and more slender, seven times as long as wide (7 mm. by 1 mm.), instead of about four times (11 mm. by 2.5 mm.), in C. olfersii. The segments appear to be relatively longer and narrower than those of C. olfersvi and the body is said to be broader in front, while that of C. olfersi is somewhat narrowed, with the first segment not as wide as the second. The antenne of C. olfersw are distinctly clavate. Those of C. pusillus are large and robust, but the terminal joints are not strongly thickened. First segment of C. pusillus is much more expanded than in C. olfersi, semicircular in shape, two-thirds as long as broad; that of C. olfersvi transversely elliptic, less than half as long as broad. Ante- rior margin even in both species, bordered in C. olfersvi by a simple row of flattish granules; smooth in C. pusillus, with twenty yellow lobes of the inner tissues showing through the transparent chitin. Carine of C. pusillus very angular and with the posterior corners produced; those of C. olfersit narrowed and rounded. The delicate, 468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. transparent lateral margins of the anterior carine of C. pusillus are produced into distinct teeth, each with a large projecting bristle, instead of rather obscurely and unevenly sinuate-dentate as in C. olfersii. Posterior margins with fewer and less distinct teeth than in C. olfersir. The segments of C. pusillus are distinctly convex im the middle, and the adjacent tubercles of the anterior row run together to form a transverse ridge. Neither of these features was noted in ©. olfersia, the segments of which have three regular transverse rows of simple granules, each provided with a short hair. Repugnatorial pores in C. pusillus located in distinct furrows that separate the bases of the marginal teeth, in front of the first tooth before the posterior corner. In C. olfersw there is no such distinct development of the marginal teeth, and the pores are located on a slight broad elevation, rather close to the margins of the segments. APOMUS, new genus. Such differences would seem to require the recognition of a distinct genus, for which the name Apomus is proposed, with Apomus pusillus (Attems) as the type. Though the specialization of the first segment in Apomus is carried even farther than in Cryptodesmus, the gonopods are distinctly of the same peculiar pattern as those of Pocock’s Peridontodesmus flagellatus from Guatemala. NOTES ON THE SOUTH AMERICAN GENUS CHONODESMUS. The genus Chonodesmus, based on Cryptodesmus alatus Peters, from Bogota, Colombia, has been referred to the African family Pterodesmidz on account of a very close approximation in the form and ornamentation of the segments, and the location of the repugnatorial pores in the anterior part of the carina. Nevertheless, it is possible that Chonodesmus belongs to the true Cryptodesmidee or to the Peridontodesmide, if these groups are distinct. The situa- tion of the repugnatorial pores at the side of a small elevation is much as in Peridontodesmus and the gonopods are quite complicated, much more so than those of any of the African genera of Peterodes- mide. The first segment is much shorter than in Cryptodesmus and Apomus, being less than one-third as long as broad, and the posterior margin is nearly transverse, instead of being turned forward at the sides. The following notes and figures were drawn from the type- specimen in the Berlin Museum. CHONODESMUS ALATUS (Peters). Cryptodesmus alatus Peters, Monatsber. kénigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1864, p. 621. Chonodesmus alatus Coox, Brandtia, p. 23, June, 1896. Antenne rather short and robust, distinctly clavate; joints 5 and 6 subequal, much larger than the others; joint 2 only slightly longer no. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 469 than joints 1, 3, 4, and 7, which are subequal in length. Surfaces of all the joints rather densely hirsute with rather short hairs. Outer side of joints 5 and 6 with a large rounded prominence bearing numerous sense-cones. (Tig. 7.) First segment subcrescentic, very short and broad, only slightly exceeded by the second segment. An- terior margin evenly rounded, lateral corners rather sharp, but scarcely produced; posterior edge with a distinct median emargination and a much slighter and broader emar-__ Fic.7.—Caonopes- gination, on ,each, side of the ©") . middle. Surface covered with nu- Fic.8_Cuonoprsuus merous small convex areas, about twenty along Be the anterior margin, those of the posterior margin somewhat larger and less numerous. (Fig. 8.) Dorsal surface of the segments occupied by three transverse rows of convex, piliferous areas, smaller and more regular than those of the carine. Margins of carine divided by radiating impressed lines into broad, slightly angled or rounded lobes, four on the lateral edge and four or five on the posterior. (Fig. 9.) Repugnatorial pores not opening on the margins of the carine, but at the side of a small elevation near the base of the second lateral area, somewhat in front of the transverse middle of the carina. Last segment with apex rather broadly rounded, only slightly exceeding the broad, triangular pro- jections of the carine of the penultimate segment. (Fig. 10.) It was on this specimen that Peters evidently relied in drawing his description of Cryptodesmus alatus, and he stated in particular that his measurements, , 11 mm. by 2.7 mm., applied to the largest of the specimens. All the ere other characters that Peters gives MENTS 4 AND 5. in the original description apply to Sache oe Fig. 10.—CHONODES- this individual. MUS ALATUS. SEG- In the second species of Chonodesmus, C. regu- MENTS 180. Por Yaris, the dorsum is more convex and the carine less horizontal, the piliferous dorsal areas are more equal in size, more regularly placed on the dorsal surface, and pro- vided with longer hairs. The body measured 8 mm. by 2.2 mm., but may not have been mature, as only 19 segments were counted. 470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, A NEW SPECIES OF PERIDONTODESMUS FROM GUATEMALA. The small size of the first segment is the most striking external feature that differentiates Peridontodesmus from Cryptodesmus. Po- cock considers this as a primitive character in justifying the erection of a family, but it seems more reasonable to look upon the peculiari- ties of this segment as specializations in both cases. PERIDONTODESMUS PURULICUS, new species. Another species of Peridontodesmus, not studied by Pocock, has the first segment less reduced, scarcely narrower than the rounded anterior corners of the second segment, and with the lateral corners less pointed than in the species studied by Pocock, though more specialized in other ways. The teeth that border the anterior margin of the first segment are of different sizes, five or six near the lateral corners being much larger than those farther toward the middle. The antenne are distinctly clavate, but not geniculate; joints 1-5 short and robust, increasing in length and diameter; joint 6 about twice as long as joint 5, more than twice as long as joint 7; joint 3 scarcely longer than joints 2 and 4 instead of much longer, as in P. flagellifer. These proportions are also widely different from those found in Scytonotus where joint 3 is the longest, and joints 4 and 5 are nearly as long as joint 6. The dorsal tubercles are reduced so that the segments are nearly smooth, though beset with three transverse rows of long hairs. Porif- erous segments have the carine dark brown like the middle of the body, while segments without pores have yellowish carine. The gonopods end in three prongs, somewhat as in P. flagellifer, with the short inner prong sharply decurved, as in that species, but not so much exceeded by the relatively short and straight outer prong. Middle prong expanded into a short, incurved plate, trun- cate-emarginate at apex, and with the corners produced into small teeth. The long retrorse basal prong of P. flagellifer is replaced by a large rounded ventral prominence with a pencil of compact bristles on its distal slope. Female genitalia broadly clavate globose, the apical surface with a deep transverse groove. This species may be called Peridontodesmus purulicus. The type is deposited in the U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 809), a male specimen collected at Purula, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala, by O. F. Cook in June, 1904, measuring 8 mm. by nearly 2 mm. The bearing of these new forms upon the classification of Chatelainea lies in the fact that their characters connect Cryptodesmus with the American series represented by Peridontodesmus and Scytonotus, and perhaps even with the true Polydesmide, rather than with the African and other tropical types which it has been customary to refer to the genus Cryptodesmus or to the family Cryptodesmide. No. 1831. NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 471 In other words, the true Oryptodesmids of South America have no close relationship with the African families Pterodesmids and Stylodesmids.' THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF CHATELAINEA. Though the structure of the gonopods shows that the affinities of Chatelavnea undoubtedly lie with Stylodesmide and Hercodesmide, rather than with the Pterodesmide, the radical difference in the form of the body forbids the reference of the genus to either of the related African families, both of which are characterized by strongly convex segments, strongly depressed caring, and longitudinal ridges of large dorsal tubercles or processes. Chatelainea was compared also with the West Indian genera referred to the family Chytodesmide, for in some of these the form of the body approaches that of Chatelavnea, at least to the extent that the segments are nearly flat, the carine nearly horizontal, and the dorsum without any specially developed tubercles or ridges. Two such genera have been known for some years from the West Indies, Docodesmus from St. Vincent and Tridesmus from Porto Rico. Another genus from Porto Rico, hitherto undescribed, offers a still closer approximation to Chatelainea, in that the carine are deeply incised instead of having the margins entire or slightly scal- loped, a feature that distinguishes it at once from the other West Indian genera of the group. The carine of Jomus, as the new Porto Rican genus is now called, are fully as wide or wider than those of Chatelainea, and more deeply lobed. The lateral edge, in particular, is cut near the middle by a very deep notch, often completely closed at the margin by the pro- jecting connivent corners of the lobes. The other notches are also partly closed along the edge, somewhat as in Chatelavnea, but more so. The anterior margin, entire in Chatelainea, is notched in Jomus like the posterior margin, though not quite so deeply. The carinsze of Jomus are strongly depressed, leaving the middle of the body very convex instead of nearly flat as in Chatelainea. Four longitudinal rows of distinctly enlarged tubercles ornament the segments of Jomus, but are not developed in Chatelainea. Each row is represented by three tubercles on each segment, the two inner rows having somewhat larger tubercles than the outer, and arranged with more regularity. The posterior tubercles of the middle row, on segments 17, 18, and 19 are distinctly enlarged into 1 The family name Pyrgodesmide Silvestri (1896) is used by Pocock in the Biologia instead of Stylo- desmidze Cook (1895), on the ground of a conjecture by Attems that the generic name Stylodesmus is a synonym of Urodesmus Porath, and therefore not available as the basis of a family designation. In reality, Urodesmus is quite distinct from Stylodesmus and more likely to belong to the Hercodesmidm# than to the Stylodesmide. At most it may serve to connect the two groups. This would not interfere with the utility of Stylodesmide as a family name, but would only extend its application. 472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. yor. 40, prominent papilliform processes, a tendency only faintly suggested on the posterior segments of Chatelainea. The repugnatorial pores are extremely minute, much more so than in Chatelainea, but they occur on the same segments, near the base of the posterior lobe of the carina, near the base of the lateral notch. A further peculiarity of Jomus is that the segments without pores, 4, 6, 8, 11, and 14, have a distinct tubercle near the middle of the carina, while such tubercles are usually quite absent on poriferous segments. (Fig. 2.) The basal joints of the antenne are rather more slender in Jomus than in Chatelainea, and the second joint is much shorter than the third, whereas in Chatelainea it is distinctly longer than the third. The first segment of Jomus has the anterior margin only slightly upturned and the marginal areas are indicated below by very faint impressed lines. The last segment does not project as in Chatelainea, but is covered and concealed under segment 19, somewhat as in Stylodesmus. Tn the absence of any definite indication of affinity with members of other families of Stylodesmoide, it seems to be necessary to con- sider Chatelainea as representing a distinct group. CHATELAINEIDAX, new family. African millipeds of the superfamily Stylodesmoide, but with external similarity to the Pterodesmoide. Body small, oblong, depressed, with horizontal or slightly ascend- ing carinex, deeply lobed on the lateral and posterior margins. First segment moderately large, rounded in front, covering the rather small, depressed head. Dorsal surface of segments nearly flat, covered with slightly convex rounded or radiating areas and hispid with short hairs, but without prominent spines, crests or tubercles. Poriferous caring deeply lobed on the lateral margins; posterior corners produced into long recurved teeth on posterior segments. Repugnatorial pores opening on the dorsal surface, near the base of the posterior lobe of the carine, not borne on a prominent cylin- drical or conical tubercle. Supplementary margin dissected into minute oblong lobes. Last segment with a projecting conical apex, not covered by the penultimate segment, but exceeded by the greatly produced posterior corners of the penultimate. Legs slender, joint 2 nearly as long as joints 3 and 6. Gonopods with basal joint expanded and hollowed out to contain the small retracted second joint. no. 1831. 2b. 20s NEW TROPICAL MILLIPEDS—COOK. 473 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 60. Chatelainea pterodesmoides, new species. . First four segments from above. . Head and first two segments from below. . A segment, posterior view, showing the position of the carine. . Lateral carina, showing position of repugnatorial pore. . Poriferous lobe of carina more magnified. Supplementary margin from ventral part of segment, seen from the outside. . Supplementary margin from dorsal part of segment, seen from the inside. . Five distal joints of leg. . Preanal scale with long sete. j. Copulatory leg in situ, ventral view, showing rim of aperture. . Copulatory legs, anterior view. . Same, posterior view. . Same, mesial view. . Last seven segments, dorsal view. Cryptodesmus olfersti (Brandt). . First three segments, dorsal view, drawn from type-specimen in the Berlin Museum. Carina of segment 5, with repugnatorial pore. Last three segments, dorsal view. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 60 NEw TROPICAL MILLIPEDS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 473. DESCRIPTIONS OF ONE NEW GENUS AND EIGHT NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON-FLIES. By H. L. Vizrecx, Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture. In the present paper a number of names are proposed that are about to be used in a Bulletin by Dr. L. O. Howard and Mr. F. W. Fiske on the importation into the United States of the parasites of the gipsy and brown-tail moths. This Bulletin is to be published shortly by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. Family BRACONID/L. APANTELES (APANTELES) LACTEICOLOR, new species. Female.—Length, 2.5 mm.; in structure and sculpture this agrees best with A. coniaminatus Haliday as defined by T. A. Marshall; it differs materially, however, in having the propodeum provided with a clearly defined areola flanked by two distinct areas on each side, the boundaries being distinct septa and the interstices smooth and pol- ished; the petiolarea is virtually wanting, the basal area not clearly circumscribed but rugose within; stigma not transparent but paler than the boundary. Male.—Sufficiently similar to the female to be easily associated therewith; stigma agreeing well with A. lacteus as described by T. A. Marshall. Type.—Male and female, Cat. No. 13072, U.S.N.M. Type-locality—Kurope, Gipsy Moth Laboratory Cage, No. 515, June 24, 1907. Paratypes.—Gipsy Moth Laboratory Cage, No. 515 and Nos. 1446, 682, 501, 238, 205, 1042, 1248, and 1295, U. S. Department of Agri- culture, Bureau of Entomology. In some of the female paratypes the stigma is transparent, but not clearly as in the male nor whitish as in the male. Specimens Nos. 1042 and 1248 are labeled ‘‘Bred from #. chrysorrhoea.” Out of 78 females studied, four were noted to have a reduction of the postmedian expansion of the first tergite, making the sides nearly parallel and the segment nearly twice as long as wide at apex or at base; this departure from the apparent normal is even more marked in a small minority of the 54 males studied, the parallel sides of the first tergite in these becoming at least twice as long as wide at base or at apex. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No, 1832. 476 476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 46, PARAPANTELES Ashmead. In structure and sculpture Apanteles lacteicolor Viereck is very similar to the type of Parapanteles Ashmead. Typical Apanteles and typical Parapanteles can be separated only on characters of at most specific value, hence it becomes necessary to include Parapanteles as a synonym of Apanteles Foerster. CHELONUS BIPUSTULATUS, new species. Female.—Length 5 mm.; head black, dullish, sculptured, propor- tionally as in the genotype; clypeus not compressed apically, the apical edge subemarginate; malar space separated from the face by a bandlike area of fine sculpture; cheeks plicately striate; antenne black, more than 24-jointed, of the same form as in the genotype; first joint of flagel about two-thirds the length of the scape; mandi- bles partly testaceous; palpi fuscous; thorax essentially as in the genotype; wings transparent, with a brownish tinge throughout; most of veins and the stigma dark brown; coxe and trochanters black; basal half of femora entirely or mostly black or blackish, the apical half of the same more or less testaceous; tibie yellowish, the hind pair with a subbasal and apical blackish band; tarsi fuscous with the basal joint more or less pale; carapace hardly twice as long as wide, simple at apex, uniformly sculptured and black except for two subbasal yellow macule. Ty pe-locality.—Chile. Type.—Cat. No. 13796, U.S.N.M. The type was presumably collected by E. C. Reed. CYANOPTERIDEA, new genus. This is the same as Cyanopterus Szepligeti not of Haliday. Type of the genus.—Uphiaulax) Cyanopterus clypeolus Szepligeti. Mr. Roman has pointed out that the genotype of Cyanopterus Haliday and Bracon orbitalis Cresson are congeneric. With this con- clusion (which seems to be justified by Marshall’s interpretation of the Bracon flavator (Fabricius) Nees as a basis) it would appear that Cyanopterus Haliday is the same as Campyloneurus Szepligeti, at least in part. CAMPYLONEURUS Szepligeti. Campyloneurus SzEPLIGETI, Term. Fuz., vol. 23, 1900, p. 51. Type.—Campyloneurus bicolor Szepligeti by present designation. Cresson’s species Bracon faustus and Bracon mavoritus are very likely congeneric with Campyloneurus bicolor Szepligeti as far as can be gleaned from description of the latter. This being the case the name Campyloneurus Szepligeti may be provisionally retained for the species of Campyloneurus that have at least the second seement of the abdomen coarsely sculptured. The Bracon mavoritus Cresson is synonymous with (Bracon) Campyloneurus rugator (Say) and Bracon aovitus Cresson is its male. NO. 1832. SOME NEW ICHNZUMON-FLIES—VIERECK. 477 CAMPYLONEURUS BICOLORINUS, new name. This name is proposed to replace C. bicolor Szepligeti, Term. Fuz., vol. 23, 1900, p. 51, not of Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., vol 4, 1846, p. 412, which has been removed from Bracon to Campyloneurus by Cameron, Rec. Albany Mus. Grahamstown, Africa, vol. 1, 1904, p. 155. ORGILUS ASHMEADI, new species. Female.-—Length 3.5 mm; tegument mostly smooth, finely gran- ular, subopaque, with inconspicuous whitish pubescence, and stra- mineous; malar line hardly greater than the greatest diameter of the scape; face mostly shining, with indistinct punctures which are on an average three to four puncture widths apart; second joint of m. p. six to eight times as long as thick; flagel more than 29-jointed, some- what testaceous beneath, brownish above, the first joint at least five times as long as thick; inner side of scape nearly twice as long as the outer side; scape and pedicel brownish above; mesonotum mostly blackish, notauli uniting to form an arcuate impression near the hind third of the dorsulum; furrow between the scutel and dorsulum pol- ished and traversed longitudinally by four nearly equidistant raised lines; scutel brownish; propodeum brownish behind, with only the median longitudinal and basal transverse carine present, the former incomplete, extending, but for an interruption near the middle, from the basal transverse carina to the posterior edge of the propodeum; radius attaining a point as near or nearer to the tip of the wing as the transverse cubitus is distant from the stigma on the radius; cubitus not prolonged beyond the transverse cubitus; first discoidal cell form- ing a trapezium; first abscissa of cubitus a little shorter than the re- current vein, the latter a little shorter than the first abscissa of the basal vein which latter in turn is a little shorter than the basal vein; second discoidal cell trapezoidal with its longest sides parallel and at least three times as long as the nervulus; middle and hind femora more or less brownish at tip; hind tibie blackish; all tarsi brownish to black- ish; first segment nearly twice as long as broad at apex, the outer edge of the first plate virtually straight throughout, first segment nearly or quite as long as the two following segments combined; tergum granular, medially more or less tending toward striation; all but the less conspicuous tergal segments at tip of abdomen, dark brown to blackish with a yellowish margin all around the segment; the incon- spicuous segments stramineous and with the first tergal segment not margined with yellowish laterally beyond the base; sheaths of the ovipositor approximately as long as the tergum. Male.—Length 3.5 mm. Sufficiently similar to the female to be readily associated therewith. Type.—Cat. No. 13800, U.S.N.M. Ty pe-locality.—Manila, Philippine Islands. Thirteen specimens collected by Father Brown. Named for Dr. W. H. Ashmead. 478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. ZELE ROSENBERGI, new species. Female.—Length 11 mm.; compared with Zele testaceator Curtis this species may be described as follows: clypeus with the apical margin rather reflexed; scape and pedicel combined apparently not as long as the first joint of the flagel but obviously longer than the second joint of the flagel; vertex with a blackish band extending from eye to eye; thorax rather reddish; radius in hind wings practi- cally straight and gradually diverging from the anterior margin of the wing; second discoidal cell completely closed; wings tinged with fuscous, veins dark brownish; stigma stramineous, infuscated; fore- and mid-coxe rather stramineous; femora rather reddish; at least mid- and hind-tibie reddish, infuscated, their tarsi and spurs rather blackish; apical third of propodeum separated from basal two-thirds by an irregular transverse carina; upper half of abdomen rather infuscated; sheaths of the ovipositor approximately as long as the fourth dorsal segment. Type.—Cat. No. 18797, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.—Chanchamayo, East Peru. Collection Rosenberg. FAMILY ICHNEUMONIDAE. ANILASTUS TRICOLORIPES, new species. Male.—Length 4.5 mm.; briefly characterized by the mostly black or blackish coxe, the rest of the fore- and mid-legs being mostly yellowish to testaceous, the rest of the hind legs mostly black, the basal sixth of the hind tibiz yellowish white, the spurs of the same whitish; costule not fully developed or merely indicated; basal area parallel sided, narrowly oblong, so that the bounding carine are almost in apposition; carina from the basal area to the insertion of hind coxe distinct throughout. Type.—Cat. No. 13799, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.—Europe, Gipsy Moth Laboratory Nos. 1079 and 1065, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. In a paratype there is a more or less developed lateral longitudinal carina and an arcuate carina between the areola and petiolarea, also the basal area is triangular, indicating considerable range in the variation of the carine of the propodeum. HYPOSOTER DISPARIS, new species. Female.—Length 6 mm.; black; covered with an appressed silvery pubescence that is nowhere so dense as to obscure the tegument except when viewed in certain lights; cheeks in the middle nearly two-thirds as wide as the eye as seen from the side; malar line about two-thirds as long as the mandibles are wide at base; clypeus depressed along the anterior margin, which latter is nearly straight, lateral suture represented by a smooth line that is not appreciably No. 1832. SOME NEW ICHNEUMON-FLIES—VIERECK. 479 longer than one-third the malar line; scape and pedicel yellow in front, brown behind excepting the apical edge which is testaceous; mandibles yellow except apically, where they are castaneous; palpi yellowish; inner edge of eyes slightly shallowly impressed above the middle; greatest diameter of lateral ocellus not as long as the ocel- locular line, being only about two-thirds as long; lateral ocellar line as long as the greatest diameter of the lateral ocellus, the postocellar line nearly twice as long as the lateral ocellar line, costula developed, extending to the lateral longitudinal carinz, second abscissa of radius straight as compared with the first abscissa and about twice as long as the same, stigma at least three times as long as wide or high, areolet oval, punctiform, almost obliterated, the petiole of the same several times longer than the areolet; outer edge of recurrent vein, where it joins the cubitus, on a line with the outer edge of the areolet, the recurrent vein oblique below and extending downward and out- ward; nervellus extending upward and slightly inward from the submedian vein, which latter is slightly prolonged beyond the former, the nervellus not broken but straight or nearly so; claws pectinate basally; tubercles, tegule, distal trochanters, mid- and hind-tibie mostly yellow; fore- and mid-coxe pale, almost castaneous; proximal trochanters, femora, and tarsi of fore- and mid-legs, yellowish to testaceous; the tarsal joints of the mid-legs inclining to dark brown toward the end joint, which latter is blackish; fore tibize yellowish in front, darker behind; hind coxe and femora reddish, infuscated apically; hind tibize brownish at base and with the apical third mostly infuscated; hind tarsi similarly colored to the mid-tarsi, but more darkly brownish; tibiz of mid- and hind-legs sparsely spinose; spurs yellowish; areopetiolarea transversely wrinkled; narrowest part of petiole furrowed laterally; petiole behind the spiracles or post- petiole a little narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, nearly quadrate, half as long as the rest of the petiole and nearly four times as wide at apex as the narrowest part of the petiole; second dorsal. segment about as long as wide at apex and about half as wide at base as at apex, its thyridia irregularly rounded and twice as far or a little farther than twice as far from the base as from the lateral edge and about one-sixth as wide as the second dorsal segment is wide at base, spiracle in or a little beyond the middle and about twice as far from the lateral edge as are the thyridia; third dorsal segment nearly parallel-sided, rather compressed apically and about three-fourths or four-fifths as long as the preceding segment; postpetiole finely reticu- lated, rest of dorsal segment finely sculptured; thyridia and greater part of apical two-fifths of second dorsal segment testaceous; ovi- positor when in the resting position hardly exserted, straight and sharp, translucent brownish; sheaths clavate and toward the apex directed slightly upward; plica mostly yellow, 480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40, Male.—Differs little from the female; it is noteworthy, however, that in the male the transverse wrinkles are virtually wanting inthe areopetiolarea of the type, that the spiracle of the second dorsal segment is a little before the middle and almost adjoining the lateral edge, and that the pale border of the second dorsal segment is invaded medially by black pigment. Type.—Cat. No. 13074, U.S.N.M. Ty pe-locality.—Kurope, Gipsy Moth Laboratory, No. 529, Aug. 20 and Nov. 2, 1908; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. : This species bears a close resemblance to Phobocampe crassiuscula (Gravenhorst). PIMPLA (PIMPLA) PORTHETRIZ4, new species. Male.—Length 7 mm.; compared with P. instigator, this species differs chiefly as follows: Antenne entirely black; face dullish, more pubescent; fore and mid legs beyond the trochanters rather yellowish, excepting the mid femora which are infuscated basally and the claws and pulvilli which are blackish; hind legs black throughout except the extreme base of their femora which is yellow, the spurs which are brownish and the claws which are castaneous apically; metapleure not striate throughout; dorsal segments apically more or less edged with yellow or yellowish. Type.—Cat. No. 13077, U.S.N.M. Type-locality —Japan, ex Porthetria dispar, Gipsy Moth Laboratory No. 1825, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. PIMPLA (PIMPLA) DISPARIS, new species. Female.—Length 15 mm.; in size, structure, and sculpture, as well as in color, very like P. examanator Fabricius, from which it differs chiefly as follows:—sides of propodeum separated from the rest by a rather distinct angulation, the propodeum not rounded off domelike; fore legs. with their proximal trochanters yellow beneath, their femora yellowish above, apically; mid-tibize mostly reddish, infuscated basally, without a pale band; hind legs with more or less of the apical third of their femora black, their tibiz and tarsi entirely black or blackish. Male.—Antennz entirely black or blackish in the basal third as in the female, the apical two-thirds becoming brown, legs colored as in the female. Type.—Cat. No. 13078, U.S.N.M. Type-locality.—_ Japan, ex Porthetria dispar, Gipsy Moth Laboratory Nos. 1650, 1825, 1647, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. ON THE SUPPOSED ORIGIN OF THE MOLDAVITES AND LIKE SPORADIC GLASSES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. By Grorce P. MERRILL, Head Curator of Geology, U.S. National Museum. Peculiar pebbles of a greenish, chrysolite-like glass found in the gravels in regions remote from volcanoes or manufactories attracted the attention of observers in Bohemia and Moravia as long ago as 1787. The literature since that date contains numerous references to these and somewhat similar occurrences in India, Australia, and other widely separated localities, the descriptive matter as a rule being accompanied by speculations regarding the ultimate source of the materials. It is the purpose of the present paper to discuss these various finds with particular reference to their origin, and incidentally to describe several allied forms concerning the nature of which there is apparently no question.'. Inasmuch, however, as no object of this nature has yet been described in America, and as, consequently, its literature is almost entirely silent on the subject, a brief review is perhaps admissible here. In Moravia and Bohemia the objects are found with quartz pebbles in the late Diluvian and Tertiary conglomerates, but are never refer- able directly to the same. In Java they are found in Quaternary tuffs and in the platinum mines southeast of Borneo. On the island of Billiton they are found in the Quaternary and perhaps Pliocene tin-bearing gravels. In Australia they have been found mainly on the surface of the ground, and no positive proof of their existence in Tertiary beds has as yet appeared. According to information re- ceived from Mr. George W. Card, of the Mining and Geological Museum, Sydney, the examples from Bimbowrie in southern Australia were found on a plain thickly covered with weathered quartz which resulted from the denudation of the adjacent quartz reefs. Most of them were broken and shattered as though by a fall; all lay loosely on the surface. 1 For a full bibliography of the subject up to and including 1898, see Franz E. Suess, Die Herkunft der Moldavite und verwandter Glaser, Jahrb. d. k. k. geol. Reichsanstalt, Heft. 2, vol. 50, 1900, pp. 193-381. This includes 55 titles referring to the occurrences in Europe, the Sunda Archipelago, and Australia. A bibliography of the Australian and Tasmanian occurrences is given by R. H. Walcott in his paper on The Occurrence of So-called Obsidian Bombs, in the Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, 1898, pp. 23-52. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1833. 80796°—Proc. N.M.vol.40—11——31 481 482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. In appearance and general physical properties these various bodies from the widely separated sources possess certain points In common, but are yet so different in appearance that examples from any one locality are readily recognized. The Moravian and Bohemian forms, as will be noted by reference to pl.61, figs. 4-6, are more or less rounded pebbles or flattened slag-like masses, the surfaces of which are pitted in a way which has been compared by some writers to the thumb-like pittings on meteorites. In addition to this, they are dulled and rendered opaque through abrasion from other stony particles very much like ordinary pebbles from the bed of a stream. In some instances they are deeply cut or notched as in fig. 5. The colors are chrysolite green, and the refractive index so high that they have in some instances been cut and utilized as gems. The examples from Billiton, shown in pl. 61, figs. 1-38, are much more remarkable both on account of their shape and the extraordin- ary groovings which traverse the surface in all directions. They are of a deep, lustrous black color and translucent only on the thinnest edges. The Australian and Tasmanian occurrences have more the appear- ance of water-worn pebbles which have been abraded by wind-blown sand (pl. 61, figs. 7-9). These are also black and opaque excepting on the thinnest edges. In all, the glass is wholly amorphous without trace of the trichites so characteristic of obsidian and other volcanic glasses. A few characteristic forms only are shown on pl. 61 of this paper; for a complete series the reader is referred to the work of Franz Suess already noted. Chemically, as will be noted in the selected analyses referred to later, these forms are all acid glasses approximating in composition the glassy forms of terrestrial rhyolites but unusually rich in lime and magnesia. They are also remarkable for their small water content as indicated by loss on ignition, and their high fusing point. In none of the occurrences are the objects found in regions of vol- canic rocks and under conditions which seem to render it at all likely that they are of local derivation. It is seemingly impossible to con- ceive of their having been ejected as volcanic bombs and drifted by winds, and equally impossible, apparently, that they should belong to either stream or glacial drift. An artificial origin is likewise con- sidered impossible by the majority of those who have given the subject consideration, and of late those who should be best qualified to judge have been disposed to consider them as of a meteoric nature. It is with especial reference to this view that the accompanying paper has been prepared. Aside from the conditions under which these objects (which have come to be known under the names of ‘‘Moldavites,” ‘‘ Billitonites,”’ ‘‘Australites,” ‘‘Obsidianites,’’ and ‘‘Obsidian bombs,” and which No. 1833. ORIGIN OF MOLDAVITES—MERRILL. 485 Suess has suggested should all be included under the name of “‘tek- tites’’), are found, their most striking characteristic is the peculiar markings, which, in the case of those of the island of Billiton, it would seem well-nigh impossible to explain in the present condition of our knowledge. Suess, to whose monograph I am indebted for the most detailed and comprehensive of recorded observations, regards the markings, or sculpturings, and those of ‘‘tektites” in general, as undoubtedly a consequence of their mode of origin, and as furnishing i i } conclusive evidence of their ultra-terrestrial source. To this con- clusion the present writer, as will be observed, takes decided exception, and has sought rather to explain them by comparing them with markings on pebbles of various kinds, concerning the origin of which there is no question. (1) Obsidian pebbles from near Cali, Department of Cauca, Colombia, South America.—These were received at the Museum from a Mr. B.S. Hobbs through Dr. George F. Kunz, with the simple labeling “ Obsid- ian”! from the locality above given. Nothing is known regarding their occurrence, nor have I been able to get in communication with Mr. Hobbs with a view of acquiring further data. As shown in the illustrations (pl. 62, figs. 1-2) of two of the larger forms, the specimens are roughly spherical, each showing on one side a flattened area as though it had at some time been attached to a larger mass or had remained in one position during the etching process, since the larger grooves are entirely absent from these portions. ‘The surface markings are of three kinds: First, those which appear like original conchoidal fractures, the sharp angles of which have been reduced by corrosion; second, a series of shallow pits and grooves which are distributed fairly uniformly over the entire surface except the fattened portion mentioned; and, third, a very fine stipple-like pitting which gives the surface a shagreen-like appearence. This shagreen effect. with numerous small, nearly circular, shallow pits occurs also on the flat areas where the larger groovings are lacking as already stated. The colors are dull black, but by transmitted light smoky brown. These two larger forms are roughly 20 and 30 mm. in diameter, and weigh 12 and 30 grams, respectively. Thin sections under the microscope show a faint smoky glass almost completely isotropic, but with an occasional minute, colorless, doubly refracting point too small for satisfactory determination. A peculiar series of anastomizing cracks much resembling the crackle structure on certain porcelain glazes, traverses the section in all directions. The composition of this glass, as shown by an analysis of a portion cut from the larger of the specimens, is given in column I below. In 1 Since the above was written, but before this paper was sent to press, I received from Dr. J. Woldrich, of Prag, acopy of his Beitrag zur Lésung der Tektitfrage, in which this and the Arizona samples are referred to. It will be observed that I still hold the opinion expressed in my letter to Doctor Woldrich and by him quoted. 484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. columns II to IV are given analyses of examples of tektites from Tasmania, Australia, and Bohemia for purposes of comparison. It may be well to note, incidentally, that H. S. Summers has discussed the various published analyses of the Australian ‘“ obsidianites”’ from the standpoint of the modern classification, and relegates them to the classes almerose, riesenose, urallaose, and piemenose. Analyses of Tektites. Constituent. 1s 10% ior IV. SiO aaron shee ceice See eee Clea ee SRC cee ae aE Ong eae Sena eee or 75.87 | 69.80 | 76.25 77.96 oF NEKO Siete, Sey Ahearn Sey ae, SiS 5 RNR eR ann OS in OR eee ee ee 14.35 15. 02 11.30 12. 20 sO ipsam eA yah ey MENON ORO MLN ae A Re aR Tee ee 0. 22 0. 40 0.35 0.14 THO Oe ae eas Sala ee ae Sik oyna ernie reie Stereo RM Sib ayerelere eiciarere oe cree See eee ee 4.65 3. 88 3. 36 Min OM cma emery. es as SAP San AR an RES oe SEE oe Smee e aa cence eee mene 0. 29 2.47 1.48 1.48 (O11 0 |. BN ao seu ye Ee ORE a ONE DOME on ee Fee SoS EOE Cpe cM oo eR ao 0. 00 3. 20 2.60 1.94 HIN ig Oe re er enrol oe ein be ee ne ny Sen Oy 2 Re ee 3.96 1.29 1. 23 0. 61 exe Aue} ly a Ato 8 Me, x my ie nite hs ov naa Mi oy x eS iiceniainien pide. ty ¥ ; e Pn rary 7 ert sae oy ie PRUE! Te d yh ka ae Wtate ee oe a yeh 3 at + ed ans ‘4 bt BE Ber Di maa MORO ny fo Oe enter Ng ¥ * ir . a if Nines fry NAG ernie SVE a ind PINAR Sh ON ores ties * Vain! ee saa satan ie a peers KA yas 4 ORE NAH \ a" ae “a Cane F oa Pe Oa ht eae : L BB a, GURANG Weare a a ‘i r oe ae Nay: ah, ont y roy eas on Deine: Pe ee ice es ar : he Sa sli se tah pie THE RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE IN THE COPPER ORES OF THE VIRGILINA DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA. By Francis Baker LAney, Of the U. S. Geological Survey. INTRODUCTION. The copper ores of the Virgilina district consist almost wholly of bornite and chalcocite. The level of ground water is from 50 to 75 feet below the surface, and the zone of secondary alterations does not appear to extend below 250 feet. The important mines of the dis- trict are from 350 to 500 feet deep, and the ore from the deepest levels contains almost as much chalcocite as bornite. If a specimen from the upper levels of almost any of these mines be examined in detail it will be found to consist of the two minerals in such rela- tions that no hesitancy is felt in pronouncing much of the chalcocite secondary and more recent than the bornite. If, however, a speci- men be taken from the deeper levels the two minerals are seen to be so intricately intergrown that no other conclusion than that they are genetically contemporaneous seems possible. These facts have led some observers, notably L. C. Graton,’ to suppose that chalcocite occurs in these mines as a primary mineral. Chalcocite has been almost universally regarded as a mineral of secondary origin, 1. e., derived from some leaner copper-bearing sulphide. Its manner of occurrence as heretofore observed left little doubt as to its secondary nature, and there grew up a belief that the minerai is always second- ary. The chalcocite of the Virgilina district therefore appeared to offer an exception to the generally accepted conclusion, and with the hope of throwing some light upon the genesis of this mineral, an extended microscopical examination of these ores was undertaken. The field work upon which this investigation is based was done while the writer was employed by the Geological Surveys of North Carolina and Virginia, and a detailed report on the geology of the district is now being prepared. The U.S. National Museum fur- 1U. 8S. Geol. Survey, Min. Res. 1907, Pt. 1, p. 620. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1835. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol 40—11——33 5138 } 514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 400m nished a metallographic microscope und equipped it with an improved lighting device especially for this work, and the photomicrographs illustrating the paper were made in the photographic laboratory of the Museum by Thomas W. Smillie. The specimens herein described are the property of the U. S. National Museum. GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. Before entering upon a description of the ores a brief sketch of the geology of the district will be given. / Location.—The Virgilina copper district is located near the eastern border of the Piedmont Plateau in Person and Granville counties, North Carolina, and Halifax and Charlotte counties, Virginia, each State including approximately one-half of the ore-bearing area. It takes its name from the village of Virgilina, a station on the Southern Railway situated on the State line near the center of the district, and | about 160 miles west of Norfolk and 45 miles east of Danville. The | most important ore deposits occur on two approximately parallel — flat-topped, though somewhat conspicuous, ridges which trend from 15 to 20° east of north, and which have very gradual slopes. The maximum elevation is at Virgilina, 540 feet above sea level. The relief is not pronounced, varying from about 300 feet up to the maxi- | mum, above stated, but the country is decidedly hilly. Rainfall is — rather heavy, especially during the winter and spring, and streams are numerous. Geology.—The rocks of the district are highly schistose, and are popularly known as slates. They are of two distinct types—green- stone schists, and quartzose sericitic schists or gneisses. Into these schistose rocks have been intruded large masses of granite, and less important bodies of more basic material, probably gabbro. Also here and there throughout the area occur small diabase dikes. The intrusive rocks are not schistose, but are closely jointed. A close examination of these schists reveals their character—a | great series of volcano-sedimentary rocks of two types—a basic rock, andesite, and one highly acid in character, a quartz porphyry. Of the andesite there are three types—porphyritic, amygdaloidal, and tuf- faceous, and of the quartz porphyry only two—porphyritic and tuffa- ceous. Closely associated with the greenstone schists and grading directly into them, are heavy beds of highly schistose greenish rocks differing from the tuffaceous portions of the andesite only in that | they contain varying amounts of land waste intermixed with the basic voleanic material. These range from fairly well-marked sand- stone and fine conglomerate on the one hand to typical andesitic tuffs entirely free from terrigenous material on the other. The relative position of these two phases of the greenstone indicates that at the No. 1835. RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE—LANEY. 515 beginning of the volcanic activity there was a period when the vol- canic material was not equal to the land waste, and thus were depos- ited beds of sandstone and conglomerate with only a small amount of volcanic ash. As the activity increased, the amount of land material grew proportionately less and less, until at the time of maximum vul- canism it became nothing, and the normal volcanic beds were formed. As this activity began to diminish, the former conditions began to reassert themselves, and the beds deposited consisted to a greater or less extent of land waste. The following is a somewhat idealized cross-section through the middle of the district at right angles to the schistosity. This section is approximately that exposed along the Southern Railway from a point about ten miles west to about eight miles east of Virgilina. The andesitic tuff passes by regular gradation into the sandy and conglomerate rock, so that in the field even where exposures are the best it is not possible to draw a sharp boundary line between the two. PAAR IA AAS AGIA TA Ne ACA TES a f& AA A ~ ved%mentary beds, landwaste “il sa Terralxed //7 vary/ng pPro- SMH . a 1% S1i1cq &Hornblende Gress. vie id portions with Baste VO/CaNIC rnaterial Fighly schistose | Qverte paphyry. 7uitaceous| 3% Andesite and andes! tic ot Himes Highly schistose! tulf. Shistose. CROSS-SECTION OF VIRGILINA DISTRICT AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE STRIKE OF THE SCHISTOSITY, APPROXIMATELY ALONG THE SOUTHERN RAILWAY. It is possible that the sandy beds may have been formed from the rapid erosion of unconsolidated volcanic ash beds as well as by the commingling of similar material with land waste at the time of erup- tion. Thus in either case it is clear that with an increase of the volcanic material the resulting rock would more nearly approach the true basic tuffs, while with a decrease of this it would approximate more nearly a normal sediment—a conglomerate, sandstone, or shale as the case might be. The andesite and the andesitic tuff, especially the former, are the most massive of the older rocks of the region. The andesite is of two types, porphyritic and amygdaloidal, both of which are mashed and decidedly schistose. The amygdaloidal phase is not abundant, and is usually so highly metamorphosed that it is easily confused with the tuffaceous phase. All the ore deposits thus far developed, and in fact all the prospects as far as known at present, with a very few exceptions, are located in the andesite or the andesitic tuff. 516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 40, _ 1 Ps The quartz porphyry is, for the most part, especially on the western | 4 side of the area, a ty meal rock of its kind, but much mashed and — highly schistose. The phenocrysts are leneoly of feldspar, with a_ variable and usually an inferior amount of quartz. The basal andl the upper, and at times other portions of this rock, are to a greater or less extent tuffaceous. This is especially true of the eastern area, where by far the greater portion is probably a very fine tuff. No. workable ore deposits have been found in this rock. The age of these rocks is not known; they have generally been regarded as pre-Cambrian. They appear to be somewhat similar to — tuffaceous rocks intimately associated with the slate deposits lying northeast of the Virgilina district. These slates have recently been described by Watson! and Powell and shown to be early Paleozoic. | It is believed that further study may determine the volcano-sedi-— mentary rocks of this district to be of the same age. Granite—This is the youngest intrusive rock of the region except | the diabase dikes, and is also the most important. ‘Three prominent areas of it are included within the district, one in the southwest corner near Mill Creek post office, North Carolina, and another in the east-_ central portion at and sumomndine Buffalo Lithia Springs, and the — third and largest one, northwest of Redoak post office, Virginia. This area of granite extends almost across the region of volcano- sedimentary rocks and cuts out the ore-bearing horizon for a distance of 4 or 5 miles. It is apparently massive, and therefore shows nothing of the prominent schistosity of the other rocks. In all the occurrences it is a rather coarsely granular, highly quartzose rock, and in places, especially at Buffalo Lithia Springs, it is decidedly porphyritic. Like all the other granites of the southeastern United States, it contains a large amount of plagioclase in proportion to the orthoclase, and shows well its quartz-monzonitic character. This rock is of especial interest since all the field evidenc2 obtainable points toward the conclusion that it is the source of the ores, and that | they and the veins are closely connected genetically with its intrusion. In this relation it is further considered in the paragraphs relating to | the origin of the ores. | Siructure.—From the cross section above given, what the writer | considers a probable structure of the district is readily seen, that of a closely compressed syncline, the axis of which has a strike of from 10 to 30° east of north, and which is inclined so that it has approxi- mately the same dip as the schistosity—from 70 to 80° toward the southeast. It is believed that at the beginning of the formation of the series there was a great outpouring of acid lava—the quartz por- phyry upon the mica and hornblende gneiss as a basement. This 1Thos. L. Watsonand 8. L. Powell. Fossil evidence of the age of the Virginia Piedmont slates. Amer. Tourn. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 31, 1911, pp. 33-44, no. 1835. RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE—LANEY. 517 was followed by a period of quiescence, marking the beginning of the outpouring of the basic lava—the andesite. During this time the regular agencies of erosion were active, and the results were the beds of land-waste intermixed with basic volcanic ash. The vulcanism increased, and there followed the great beds of andesite and andesitic tuff. Finally the activity decreased and a period similar to that at the beginning of the basic activity followed, and during this time the upper beds of sandy tuff were formed. This marked the close of the volcanic activity as far as any record in the rocks goes. Following this the beds were complexly folded, much mashed, and the present schistosity largely developed. This was followed, probably after a long period, by the intrusion, first of the gabbro, later of the granite, and then, as phenomena concomitant with the coming in of the granites, the fracturing of the greenstone schists and the formation of the veins and the development of the ores. VEINS AND ORES. Veins.—The veins are composed dominantly of quartz with locally a considerable amount of epidote and calcite. (See pl. 63.) In width they vary from small stringers not more than a few inches up to 15 or 20 feet. They always have well-defined walls and are probably true fissure veins. As is always the case with such veins, these present many irregularities, most prominent of which are the numerous pinches and swells, both horizontally and vertically. In places they are reduced to little more than a mere stringer of quartz between two well- marked walls, while again they may locally swell out. to several times their average thickness. In length they range from a few hundred yards to 4 or even 5 miles, and in many instances may be traced these distances by actual outcrop or by abundant quartz débris in the soil. Vertically they are also continuous, and aside from the irregularities in width they are as well defined in the bottom of the deepest shafts as at the surface. The size of the vein and the prominence of the outcrop form no criteria as to the richness of the mineralization. Otten the richest ore bodies have been found under a very insignificant outcrop, and as often the strongest exposure at the surface is barren or very lean. The average strike of the veins is more northerly than the schistosity of rocks in which they occur, and while at times they follow the schistosity for short distances their average strike inter- sects it at acute angles. The fractures in which the veins have formed are therefore regarded as having been made subsequent to the devel- opment of the schistosity in the country rock. ‘The ore is not evenly distributed throughout the veins, but is concentrated locally into definite ore shoots. These present the usual irregularities and as a rule appear to have a slight southerly pitch in the vein. 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40, Ores.—Though apparently preferring the quartz, the ore is so intimately associated with all the gangue material as to make it almost certain that all were deposited contemporaneously. (See pl. 64.) The copper-bearing minerals are bornite and chalcocite, with the oxidized products derived from them. Chalcopyriteis present in such small and varying amounts that unless careful search is made it will not be found at all, and it is apparently no more abundant in one portion of a mine than in another. Certainly there is no increase with depth in the amount of this mineral. In fact the mine which shows it most abun- dantly is only about 150 feet deep, and here it was as abundant in the first sulphides encountered as in those in the bottom of the shaft. In two of the deepest mines—the Holloway, 450 feet in depth, and the Durgy, about 400 feet—it is so rare that one can hardly find it. Chalcocite occurs in two very distinct relations with the bornite; secondary to and filling fractures in the bornite, and intergrown, sometimes clearly crystallographically, with it. Bornite is the most important mineral in all the mines in the district except the Holloway, in which it is subordinate to chalcocite. It appears, too, from even a casual observation of the ores that there has been considerable shattering since their original deposition. This is especially promi- nent in the ore from the Seaboard mine, which furnishes the purest bornite in the district. In the fractures in the bornite from this mine, be they ever so minute, are developed veinlets of chalcocite, which penetrate the bornite in all directions, and vary in size from the finest line, often not visible to the unaided eye, but perfectly clear under the microscope (pl. 67, fig. 1), up to areas a quarter of an inch in diameter (see pls. 65 and 66). In the center of many of these chalcocite-filled fractures are films of quartz which evidently mark the original fracture in which the chalcocite began to develop, thus showing that at the beginning of or prior to the development of the chalcocite, there were solutions carrying considerable quartz. In the interior of some of the largest quartz veinlets thus formed there occur particles of chalcocite so related to each other as to indicate a erowth of the quartz since the beginning of the deposition of the secondary chalcocite (see pl. 66). Also in a few instances the vein of chaleocite when deeply etched presents a kind of spongy skeleton of quartz appearing as if quartz and chalcocite were deposited sim- ultaneously. The boundary between these veinlets of chalcocite and the bornite is exceedingly irregular, usually presenting a somewhat feathery outline, though always perfectly distinct and clear-cut. There is absolutely no gradation of one into the other. There is certainly a growth of the chalcocite, but how it takes place is not made clear by the microscopic study of the veinlets. It appears, however, that it takes place at the periphery of the no. 1835. RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE—LANEY. 519 et material already deposited, but the chemistry of the process has not been worked out. Where fractures of two periods are present, both are often filled with chalcocite, that in the younger fractures cutting across the veinlets in the older ones. Fractures also occur in the intergrown chalcocite and bornite, and in such instances the secondary veinlets cut across both the primary chalcocite and the bornite. The relation of the two minerals to each other in the case in hand leaves no doubt as to the secondary nature of the chalcocite. This type of chalcocite, as far as observations have extended, is con- fined to the upper portions of the veins and was not found in sections of ore from the deeper mines. It was found, however, in the upper portions of all mines from which sections were examined, and in many instances a single section would show excellent examples of both types of chalcocite. (See pl. 68, fig. 1.) The other type of ore is entirely different. Both minerals are present in every section examined, sometimes the bornite predomi- nating, and at others the chalcocite. They are intimately associated with each other, but each has its own definite boundaries, cleavage, and other physical properties, with absolutely no indications that one is secondary to or derived from the other. In a number of sections the chalcocite predominated over the bornite, and in such instances the indications seemed to be that the bornite was the first to crys- tallize. It occurs in irregular areas, sometimes separated and again connected, lying in a larger area of chalcocite. In other instances the two are present in approximately equal amounts, and there is nothing to indicate that one is older than the other. In other occur- rences, as in the ore from the Blue Wing mine, the two minerals are present as small areas or erains and in approximately equal propor- tions. In these sections the appearance is as if a sponge of bornite while growing had been merged with another similar sponge of chalcocite, the association being so intimate and so complex that there is no way of accounting for it except on the basis of contemporaneous deposition (see pl. 67, fig. 2). In the case of the sections in which the bornite appears to have been formed earlier than the chalcocite, it seems as though when the ores were being deposited, the solutions were first saturated, as it were, for bornite, and this mineral began to crystallize out, the iron possibly being the determining factor. This continued until by a reduction of the bornite molecules in the solution, the eutectic point for both bornite and chalcocite was reached, and these two minerals crystallized out simultaneously, and in many places solidified as crystallographic intergrowths. The chalcocite is rather coarsely crystalline, and the etch figures show that the larger areas are made up of numerous interlocking grains, which stand out distinctly and have no definite crystallographic rela- 520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, — tion to each other. The cleavage, as brought out by the etching, is apparently in two directions at right angles to each other, one more prominent than the other, one possibly prismatic and the other basal. The crystallographic intergrowths are the most interesting and also the most conclusive as to the contemporaneous deposition of the two minerals. These are by no means rare, having been found more or less perfectly developed in ore from all the mines except the Seaboard. At a magnification of 40 diameters these areas resemble very closely the intergrowths of quartz and feldspar in a micropeg- matite. At the highest magnification used, 220 diameters, this resemblance is even more pronounced. In these intergrowths the minerals present perfectly sharp and clear-cut boundaries, with absolutely no indication of gradation of one into the other—bound- aries just as sharp as between any minerals in an igneous rock (see pl. 68). When an area of such intergrowth was etched deeply enough to bring out the two cleavages distinctly (pl. 69, fig. 1) the chalcocite proved to be a single grain or crystal, the cleavage lines of which could be seen extending from one side of the grain to the other, interrupted here and there by the filaments of bornite. This type of texture is regarded as proof that the minerals crystallized at the eutectic point of a solution, and it is, therefore, conclusive evi- dence that in the case in hand bornite and chalcocite were deposited contemporaneously. It is realized that while these minerals are contemporaneous, they both may be secondary after some leaner copper mineral. ‘There are certain reasons for suspecting such conditions, the most prominent of which is probably the long period of erosion which the region has undergone since the ore deposits were formed. This long erosional interval would afford time for conditions of oxidation and enrichment to penetrate to exceptional depths in the ore bodies. With this idea in mind careful observations were made as to the depth of the zone of alteration as far as the same could be determined, and the conclu- sion is that it rarely if ever extends below 175 or 200 feet, the im- permeability of the veins limiting the downward circulation. They and their walls are all exceedingly dense and impervious to water, and the mines all furnish a surprisingly small amount of water, of which by far the greater part comes from the upper 100 feet of the vein. As an example of the tightness of the vem, it may be men- tioned that when the Blue Wing mine was unwatered about two years ago, it was found that the air pressure had held the water out of an upraise which had been started from the 266 feet level. The vein rocks were so tight that the air could not escape even though it was under a pressure of about eight atmospheres. Under such conditions as these, circulation of meteoric waters must necessarily be at a minimum. This tightness of the vein is characteristic of no. 1835. RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE—LANEY. 521 practically all the ore deposits of the Piedmont and Southern Appalachian regions. The relations of ore to the gangue, and of the gangue minerals to each other are strong evidence against the assumption that the two sulphides are secondary minerals. It has been stated before that the ore is so complexly and intricately associated with the gangue min- erals that no other conclusion than that of contemporaneous deposi- tion seems tenable. If chalcocite and bornite of the intergrown type are secondary minerals, the whole vein, gangue and all, is secondary. The minerals of the deposits, both gangue and ores, as a group, with the possible exception of the chalcocite, if they can be said to be char- acteristic of any one portion of a mineral vein, would probably be typical of the deeper vein zone. These are, so far as has been deter- mined, quartz, calcite, epidote, chlorite, specularite, bornite, chalco- cite, a very little chalcopyrite, albite, and orthoclase. It must be gtated that feldspar of any kind in direct association with the sul- phides is rare, but good examples were found at the Seaboard mine, where the feldspar is a plagioclase, probably albite; at the Holloway mine, where both plagioclase and a pink feldspar, which is appar- ently orthoclase, occur; and at the Copper King mine, where the feldspar is albite. Feldspars, however, are very abundant in many of the veins, especially in lean or barren portions. In such occurrences the mineral is generally albite or an acid oligoclase. In certain por- tions of the veins at the gold mine near Redbank, Virginia, and Hol- loway mine in North Carolina, pink feldspar occurs in association with quartz so as to strikingly resemble a pegmatite. This is generally not closely associated with the ore, but at times, especially in the Hol- loway mine, it carries a small amount of the sulphides. It usually is found in barren portions of the vein or as stringers running off from the vein into the country rock. Origin of the ores.—The origin of these ores is a more difficult ques- tion than one might at first suspect, and is as important as difficult. The country rock is by far too basic to have afforded the vast amount of quartz in the veins. Neither can the underlying quartz porphyry be looked to as the source, since this rock is also older than the veins and is itself cut by numerous quartz veins similar in allrespects to those in the andesite and the andesitic tufi, except that they contain but little or no calcite and epidote and probably no copper ores. Some source, therefore, outside of and much younger than the country rocks must be looked for. The only rock in the region which apparently meets the conditions is the granite. This granite is highly quartzose, younger than the rocks in which the ore deposits occur, was not in- 1 Waldemar Lindgren, Relation of ore deposition to physical conditions, Economic Geology, vol. 2, 1907, pp. 105-127. W.H. Emmons, A genetic classification of minerals, Economic Geology, vol. 3, 1908, pp. 611-627. 522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 40. truded until after a strong schistosity had been imposed upon the andesitic rocks, and is a type of magma the intrusion of which is frequently attended by more or less mineralization in the intruded or adjacent rocks. It is also well able to furnish the acidic material of the veins, and in its effects upon the intruded rocks, through hydro- thermal metamorphism, could very well have been responsible for the development of the calcite, epidote, and probably the chlorite. In fact, it appears to be the only rock in the region that could have fur- nished the feldspars of the veins or have been responsible for the peg- matite-like character of certain portions of some of the veins. It is, therefore, believed that the deformation attendant upon the intru- sion of the granite produced the fractures in which the veins now are, and that the filling of these, both gangue and ores, was supplied by the granitic magma, and that it came in as a phenomenon attendant upon or immediately following the intrusion. As to the conditions of the deposition, there is little or no positive evidence. Since the ore deposits are confined to the more basic facies of the schists, it may be surmised that the basic character of the rock was a factor of prime importance in the deposition of the ores. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. The rocks of the Virgilina District are greenstone and sericitic schists, which in places have been intruded by granite and gabbro. The intrusive rocks show none of the schistosity of the other rocks. The schists have been derived from a series of volcano-sedimentary rocks of two types—andesite and quartz porphyry, with a preponder- ating amount of tuffs corresponding to these rock types. Their age is probably early Paleozoic. The veins are true fissure veins which have a more northerly trend than the schistosity of the country rock, and the filling of which is quartz—about 70 per cent silica—with local and varying amounts of epidote and calcite. The ore-bearing veins are confined to the more basic portions of the greenstone schists, and the values lie in well- defined ore shoots. The ore minerals are bornite and chalcocite. They apparently pre- fer the quartz, but are not confined to any one of the gangue minerals. Bornite is present in slight excess over chalcocite and is apparently of only one period of deposition. Chalcocite is clearly of two periods: One confined to the upper portions of the vein, younger than, and fill- ing anetwork of minute fractures in, the bornite; the other contempo- raneous and intergrown often crystallographically with it. There is no evidence that any of the bornite is of secondary origin. It is, therefore, clear that in the Virgilina District the greater part of the chalcocite is a primary mineral contemporaneous with the bornite and in no way derived from it, or from any other copper mineral, by processes of secondary alteration. no. 1885. RELATION OF BORNITE AND CHALCOOITE—LANEY. 593 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 63. Fig. 1. Typical vein. Exposed in railroad cut near Christie, Virginia. The irregu- larities here shown are exhibited by nearly every vein that has been opened in the district. 2. Outcropping of a large but barren quartz vein near High Hill Mine. Few of the vein outcrops are as pronounced as this one. PLATE 64. Fig. 1. Photograph of a specimen from the Wall mine showing relation of ore and quartz. The vein was ‘‘split’’ at the point where this specimen was taken and the piece here figured represents the entire width of one portion of the vein. Dark areas=ore. White areas=quartz. 2. Tracing made from a polished surface of a specimen from the Wall mine show- ing the relation of the ore to the quartz. Natural size. Black=ore, chalcocite, and bornite. White=quartz. The relationship here shown is typical of all the mines in the district. The ore and gangue appear to be contemporaneous. PLATE 65. Secondary chalcocite in bornite. X10. Seaboard mine. This photograph shows a mass of bornite penetrated in all directions by a mesh or network of chalcocite which has formed in minute fractures in the bornite. This is typical of all the secondary chalcocite studied, the only difference being the stage of development. This one is farther advanced than any of the others shown. The white line in the center of many of the chalcocite veinlets is quartz. Running diagonally across the specimen is a recent fracture which cuts bornite and the older veins of chalcocite. In this chalcocite is also seen to be developing. PLATE 66. Fig. 1. Secondary chalcocite in bornite. XX 40. Seaboard mine. Similar in all respects to section shown in Plate 67, fig. 1, only the development of chalco- cite is farther advanced. The same feathery line of contact between the two minerals is evident. In the center of the.chalcocite areas are seen films of quartz which apparently mark the original fracture in which the chalco- cite developed. 2. Secondary chalcocite in bornite. > 40. Seaboard mine. Similar to fig. 1, but shows more clearly the relation of the chalcocite to the bornite. In one of the fractures in the bornite there is seen a stringer of quartz, the dark area running vertically through the section. On each side of the quartz, between it and the bornite, there is a considerable development of chalco- cite. PLATE 67. Fig. 1. Secondary chalcocite in bornite. 40. Seaboard mine. Irregular lines=chalcocite. Other portion of section=bornite. This figure shows an incipient stage of the development of secondary chal- cocite in minute fracturesin bornite. The little lines of chalcocite are well defined, but present an irregular or ‘‘feathery’’ line of contact with the bornite. Hod PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Fig. 2. Intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. X40. 266 feet level, Blue Wing mine, Dark areas=bornite. Lighter areas=chalcocite. ‘There does not appear to be any marked crystallographic relationship between the two minerals in this section as in those shown in Plate 68. The appearance is that of a spongy mass of bornite merged and inter- grown with another similar mass of chalcocite. PLATE 68. Fig. 1. Intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. < 40. Wall mine. Dark areas=bornite. Lighter areas=chalcocite. A typical example of crystallographic intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. Such intergrowths are believed to form only at the eutectic point of a solution and are strong evidence that the two minerals were deposited contemporaneously. . Crystallographic intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. < 220. Wail mine. Dark areas=bornite. Lighter areas=chalcocite. This is an area of the finely intergrown portion of the section shown in fig. 1, highly magnified, and shows that the relationship of the two minerals is a typical crystallographic intergrowth. bo Prate 69. Hig. 1. Intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. > 220. Wall mine. Stippled areas=bornite. White areas=chalcocite. This is a deeply etched section of the two minerals and shows clearly by the etch figure, the lines at right angles to each other in the chalcocite, that the portion of this mineral here seen is a part of a single individual crys- tal, and also brings out the crystallographic relations of these two minerals. . Intergrowth of bornite and chalcocite. X 40. High Hill mine. Stippled areas=bornite. White areas=chalcocite. The peculiar lines in the chalcocite areas are the etch figures and show the coarsely granular condition of this mineral. bo "ECG 39Vd 34S 31V14 40 NOLLYNW1dx3a YO4 “LOIWLSIGQ VNITISHYIA SHL SO SNISA WOldAL WNASNW IVNOILVN ‘Ss ‘Nn U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 64 ORE IN QUARTZ, WALL MINE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 523. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 65 SECONDARY CHALCOCITE IN BORNITE SEABOARD MINE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 523. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 66 SECONDARY CHALCOCITE IN BORNITE, SEABOARD MINE FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 523. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 67 SECONDARY CHALCOCITE AND BORNITE, SEABOARD MINE. INTERGROWTH OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE, BLUE WING MINE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 523 AND 524. U. S NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 68 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC INTERGROWTH OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE, WALL MINE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 524. £ 3 J ES) mee OAS » : he E, eee vars +> . vt tact ) aa NGS, rs taal a Ag REED PROLE ei * f 6} INTERGROWTH | U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 40 PL. 69 2 INTERGROWTH OF BORNITE AND CHALCOCITE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 524. ae Omi f ! _ DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF FISHES FROM JAPAN AND THE RIU KIU ISLANDS. JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER, Of Stanford University, California. This paper contains descriptions of 3 new genera and 23 new species of fishes from Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands. They were collected during the explorations of the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the north Pacific Ocean and along the shores of Japan, in 1906. Family SYNGNATHID. MICROPHIS EXTENSUS, new species. This species is closely related to MM. pleurotenia of Hawaii. ‘Two examples of the latter agree with Giinther’s description of the species [ and differ from Microphis extensus in both color and form. The _ Hawaiian species has the light bands very broad, thus confining the hight area on the side of the body to the dorsolateral row of plates, and almost eliminating it from the breast and abdomen. The caudal ‘fin is without spots, having a dusky center and an indefinite, broad, 7 i light edge. The ridges of the snout are smoother and the body is considerably broader and heavier. The caudal fin is much less acute. There are 24 to 25 dorsal rays in WM. pleuroteema, while M. extensus | has 21 or 22. Head 4.5 in length measured to base of caudal fin; depth 3.5 in , as Sa ae Bilal peduncle 7.5; snout 2; eye 4; interorbital space by iD. 22; A. 4; rings 19+15. ec de denticulated ridges extend from snout to inter- orbital space; a dorsolateral denticulated ridge from tip of snout to orbital rim, which is also serrated; upper edge of opercle with a strong ridge from which many striz radiate. Osseus rings of body 'with strong keels at the angles which have spines posteriorly, the spines growing larger on the tail; plates with only a trace of a median keel. Dorsal located on seven rings beginning with the sixteenth, Caudal fin pointed, the length contained about 1.4 times in the head. Pectoral broadly rounded, about 2 in snout; rays, 18. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1836. 526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40, Color in alcohol deep brown; a white stripe extending along back from tip of snout to base of caudal; chin with a white spot; throat, breast, and abdomen with a broad, white stripe, which is divided by a dark median area of the body color; caudal fin with two large, oval, white spots on its basal third and with two narrow stripes beyond these. In life the color is deep purple, the light stripes being brilliant, orange red. The caudal is dark reddish brown, with bright orange spots; the edge of the fin white. This description is of the type, Cat. No. 68226, U.S.N.M., a female specimen 47 mm. long from Naha, Okinawa. Cotype, No. 21418, Stanford University collection. The brood pouch of the male extends over fourteen osseus rings. It is connected with the anal opening by a furrow, the edges of which rise and merge into those of the brood pouch two rings in advance. There is a median keel on the breast anterior to the pouch. Five specimens were secured measuring 28 to 48 mm. in length. In swimming the movements are slow, the caudal is broadly expanded, and the brilliant colors stand out in bold contrast against the gray coral rocks of the pools. CORYTHROICHTHYS QUINQUARIUS, new species. Head 7.7 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.7 in head; snout 2; eye 9; interorbital width 12; D. 28; A. 4; rings 16438. The head is long and slender, the slope from tip of snout to occiput interrupted by only a slight curve over the eyes; body deepest about midway between head and origin of dorsal fin. Head without spines or serrations; a median crest on upper part of snout, a dor- solateral one extending to nostril, a prominent supraorbital crest and a low occipital ridge; gill cover with a ridge which passes from | orbit to its posterior third; plates of body without spines or keels; back flat; abdomen angular. Egg pouch extending over eighteen rings and including a little over half the tail. Dorsal fin located on six rings. Pectoral rays 17, their length about 5 in head. Anal very small, with apparently four rays. Caudal slightly shorter than pectoral. Color in spirits brownish; upper part of snout, chin, and throat whitish; a broad, dark band from snout to eye, several rows of small spots along side of snout, and a median dark line running backward from chin; opercle with a light stripe extending along and beyond the keel, and also a shorter, parallel one below it; sides of body with very small, pearly ocelli in quinqunx order, each with a brown dot in the center; back and tail variegated with brown and whitish; edge of pouch with white, dark-bordered bars; caudal narrowly tipped with white. No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 527 Described from the single specimen, type Cat. No. 68227, U.S.N.M., from Tanegashima, Japan; length 123 mm. Family RUVETTIDZ. JORDANIDIA, new genus. This genus is distinguished by the branched lateral line and the wholly degenerate ventral fins. Body rather elongate and flat; a patch of small scales on posterior part of body; lateral line extending from upper edge of gill opening to near end of base of soft dorsal, with a branch originating below base of fifth dorsal spine, curving downward and backward and then passing in a straight line along median part of body to base of caudal fin; palatines with teeth; finlets 3, the anterior of which is closely apposed to the preceding fin. T pye of genus.—J ordanidia raptoria, new species.- The genus is named for Dr. David Starr Jordan. JORDANIDIA RAPTORIA, new species. Head 3.3 in length to base of caudal; depth 5; depth caudal peduncle 6.5 in head; diameter eye 4; width interorbital space 6.5; length snout 265 WS VIE 14s AC 12. The body is moderately elongate, deepest in the middle, the caudal peduncle compressed; head pointed, interorbital area concave, lower jaw projecting beyond the upper; maxillary extending slightly beyond anterior edge of pupil; eye large and round, midway between tip of snout and border of opercle. A single row of teeth on jaws and palatines; teeth of jaws large, knife-like, widely spaced; a group of three to five greatly enlarged fangs in anterior part of upper jaw; two small teeth at symphysis which project upward and backward beyond tip of snout. Pseudobranchie large. Gill-rakers numerous, minute, unequally developed. Lateral line originating at upper edge of gill opening, bifurcating beneath base of fifth dorsal spine, the upper branch passing directly backward a short distance below base of dorsal and ending below base of soft dorsal; lower branch abruptly curving downward and extending along middle of body to base of caudal. Posterior part of body with small, thin scales which occupy an area of rather indefi- nite extent projecting from base of caudal forward as a wedge, the tip of which lies on the lateral line; other parts of body and head apparently smooth. Spinous dorsal inserted just a little behind upper edge of gill open- ing and extending to a point opposite the vent; the longest spines about equal in length to diameter of eye. First dorsal rays longest, about three in head, the others successively shorter. Three finlets 598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. following the soft dorsal, the first more remote from the second than that is from the third and closely apposed to the soft dorsal. Anal inserted below soft dorsal, its rays somewhat shorter than those of the dorsal; followed by three finlets like those above. Caudal deeply forked, the upper lobe somewhat the longer, 1.5 in the head. Pec- toral two in head. Ventrals absent, the ends of the small pelvic bones almost touching the surface on the median line beneath the bases of the pectorals. Vertebrze 31; ceca 7. Color in the preservative pale silvery, darker above especially on the opercles, upper margin of eye, interorbital space, tip of snout, lips, area beneath the maxillary and gill cavity. Spinous dorsal with a black spot between first and third spines; edge of fin black; pos- terior part of caudal dusky. Type.—Cat. No. 68228, U.S.N.M., a specimen from the market at Kagoshima, measuring 250 mm. in length. Cotype No. 21419, Stanford University collection. Other specimens are similar to the type, not showing any marked amount of variation. Family PEMPHERIDA. CATALUFA, new genus. This genus is distinguished from others of the family by the small, closely apposed, strongly ctenoid scales. It includes C. umbra, new species, which may stand as the type, and CO. compressus of the Aus- tralian region. CATALUFA UMBRA, new species. Head 3.5 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.2; depth caudal peduncle 3.2 in head; eye 2.2; snout 6.5; maxillary 2; interorbital space 3.3; D. V, 12; A. III, 33; scales in lateral line 72. Hye very large, circular; interorbital space convex; snout blunt and rounded; lower jaw rather sharp at its tip and projecting; max- illary extending to point below center of pupil. Edge of preopercle covered with scales except on lower portion where it is denticulate, the angle being armed with an especially strong spine which projects downward and backward; head elsewhere completely scaled except on tip of snout and lips. Minute, brush-like teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Gillrakers somewhat slender and longer than the fringes behind them; 8-21 on the first arch. Pseudobranchie well developed. Scales of body small, close set, rather heavy and strongly etenoid; extending for a considerable distance out on the base of the caudal and forming a high sheath along base of anal where they are extremely minute; seventy-two series in a lateral line counting to base of caudal from where the pores extend to near the end of tail; No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 529 eleven rows between origin of dorsal and lateral line; scales of head finer than those of body and less rough, a sharp line of demarkation between the two passing upward from the opercular opening and then curving far forward to a point midway between the eyes, thus allowing a sharply outlined, wedge-shaped area of the rougher body covering to extend forward over the nape and occiput to the inter- orbital area. First branched ray of dorsal longest, 4 in the length; base of fin 5 in the length. Caudal forked, about 4in the length. First anal spine short and easily overlooked; third spine strong; about half as long as the following ray; although damaged, the anal rays appear to be gradually shortened from the first to the last. Pectoral sharply rounded, 4 in the length. Ventral spine strong, the fin rounded, about 7 in the length. Color in spirits rather pale bluish black, the head with a brownish tint; fins all dusky except the pectoral which is nearly immaculate; ventrals speckled; tips of dorsal, caudal, and anal blackish; base of caudal dark. The species is represented by but one specimen which was collected by Mr. Aoki at Misaki. It measures 160 mm. in length. Type.—Cat. No. 68229, U.S.N.M. Family SERRANID, PSEUDANTHIAS VENATOR, new species. One specimen of a Pseudanthias, apparently new, was found in the Kagoshima market. It is distinguished by a pearly white bar which passes from snout beneath eye to lower edge of base of pectoral, a bow-shaped bar of same color extending from base of spinous dorsal to posterior end of base of anal, the filamentous fins, size of scales, and number of fin rays. Head 4.3 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.8; depth caudal peduncle 2.2 in head; eye 4; snout 4.3; maxillary 2.1; D. X, 16; A. III, 7; scales in lateral series 40; pores in lateral line 44. Maxillary without supplemental bone; completely scaled; extend- ing to a vertical through posterior border of pupil; the width of pos- terior end equal to length of snout. Edge of preopercle denticulate, the teeth largest just above the angle. Opercle with two large, flat spines, the upper at the angle being the larger. Mouth oblique: Lower jaw with a large canine near the symphysis, followed by a smaller one halfway back; also a band of minute teeth which narrows to a single row posteriorly Upper jaw with a large canine opposite and slightly behind the principal one of lower jaw; a second strong one entirely within the mouth on inner edge of maxillary, pointing 80796°—Proc. N. M,vol.40—11——34 530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. inward and backward; jaw covered with a band of fine teeth. Pseu- dobranchie large; gillrakers extremely long and slender, the ventral ones equal to diameter of eye; 11—24 on the first arch. Curves of lateral line rather closely following the dorsal contour, and not abruptly bent at any point. Scales of body ctenoid; 6 rows above lateral line at its origin; 2.5 rows between lateral line and middle of spinous dorsal; 3.5 between lateral line and middle of soft dorsal; 14 between base of anal and lateral line. The dorsal spines beyond the third are of about equal length, 3 - times in head; rays about 1.9 in head, the last ones somewhat fila- mentous; base of soft dorsal with a low sheath of scales. Second and third anal spines contained 2.3 in head, the first not half as long; middle rays of fin shghtly longer than head. Tips of both dorsal and anal extend beyond base of caudal. Caudal lunate, the upper and lower rays elongate and filamentous; extreme length of fin contained 2.5 in distance from tip of snout to base of caudal. Ventral acutely pointed; equal in length to caudal, reaching somewhat beyond base of third anal spine. Pectoral almost equal in length to head. Color in the preservative pinkish with a bluish tinge; three yellow- | ish, nearly parallel stripes extending from head backward and disap- — pearing just before reaching caudal peduncle; a narrow, pearly white stripe extending from tip of snout beneath eye downward to lower edge of base of pectoral; a bow-shaped stripe of same color, though fainter, passing from middle of base of spinous dorsal downward and curving backward along base of anal; median line of abdomen with — a dead white stripe; first gill arch with a very narrow, white stripe — along base of filaments. . Type-—Cat. No. 68230, U.S.N.M., a specimen measuring 118 mm., — from Kagoshima. Family LUTIANIDZ. PLATYINIUS AMOENUS, new species. This form resembles P. macrophthalmus of the Atlantic. It is— somewhat more slender, has a more pointed snout, and differs in color. Head 2.2 in the length to base of caudal; depth 2.9; depth caudal peduncle 3.2-in head; diameter of eye 3; length snout 3.2; width interorbital space 4.8; length maxillary 2.6; D. X, 11; A. III, 8; scales lateral line 62; between lateral line and origin of spinous dorsal 6; between lateral line and origin of anal 14. Dorsal outline rather more strongly curved than the ventral. Kye very large, located before middle of head, high up, the inter- | orbital area extending but little above it; maxillary not quite reach- ing a point below middle of eye; interorbital area convex; the skull + almost flat, with four ridges, the inner of which are separated by a No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. Hod rather wide, smooth space. Teeth of each jaw in a narrow, villiform band, outside of which is a row of small canines; villiform teeth on the palatines and vomer, the latter in a lunate patch; tongue naked. Pseudobranchie large; gill-rakers 5-9, the upper ones minute. Head with a row of enlarged scales extending downward from posterior margin of eye to edge of maxillary; about six rows below this on the preopercle; border of preopercle naked, the edge finely serrated; opercle and subopercle scaled; occiput with two shields of coarse scales; head elsewhere naked; back with sixteen scales between occiput and insertion of dorsal; fins naked except the caudal, which has minute scales extending almost to the tips of the rays. Third and fourth dorsal spines highest, about three in head; middle rays scarcely shorter, the posterior one somewhat elongate, the tip extending beyond edge of fin. First anal spine half the height of second, the latter about a fourth of its length shorter than the third, the length of which is contained 3.3 times in the head; anterior ray three in head, the others gradually shorter except the last which is similar to the last dorsal ray, neither dorsal nor anal reaching base of caudal when depressed. Caudal deeply forked, the lobes equal and pointed; 3.5inthelength. Pectoral very acutely pointed and slightly falcate, its tip extending to a vertical through origin of anal. Ven- trals acute, 1.5 1n head. Color in spirits yellowish; a dark spot at upper edge of opercle, where it covers the lower part of a broken brown band which extends over the nape; a somewhat indefinite dark stripe having its origin about midway between nape and first dorsal spine extends along back below base of dorsal fin; a similar stripe, but less definite, extends along the side just above the lateral line to a point below end of dorsal, from where it passes upward and ends at base of caudal; scales above the pectoral with more or less dusky color. The type, Cat. No. 68231, U.S.N.M., is a specimen 260 mm. long, from the market at Naha, Okinawa. Another example, somewhat smaller but differing in no other way from the type, is in the Stanford University collection, cotype No. 21420. Family HAXMULID. PENTAPUS FORMOSULUS, new species. An apparently new species is here described from one specimen found in the market at Naha, Okinawa. It resembles P. microdon, but it has a deeper body and a much smaller eye. Head 3.6 in length to base of caudal; depth 3; depth caudal pe- duncle 9.3; eye 4 in head; snout 3; interorbital space 3; D. X, 9; A. III, 7; scales in lateral series 45; between lateral line and spinous dorsal 2; between lateral line and base of anal 12, 532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vo, 40. Head pointed; mouth small, the maxillary extending to a point about midway between posterior nostril and border of eye. Teeth weak, in narrow bands on the jaws; the outer row enlarged; four small canines on upper jaw, two on the lower; lateral ones of upper jaw somewhat heavier than median pair. Edge of suborbital smooth, with a spine-like point below center of pupil; preopercle smooth; opercle with a small, flat spine. Giull-rakers 5-6 on first arch; re- duced to mere knobs. Snout naked; scales of head and body weakly ctenoid. Third dorsal spine highest, 2.3 in head; the following ones slightly shorter; longest rays equal in height to third spine. Third anal spine slender, its length about 3 in head. Anal when depressed not extending so far posteriorly as the dorsal, neither dorsal nor anal reaching beyond middle of caudal peduncle when depressed. Caudal deeply cleft; lobes falecate, the upper longer than the lower, about 2.5 in the length. Pectoral rather acute, 1.3 in head. Outer ray of ventral long, reaching anal opening when the fin is depressed. Color in spirits brownish yellow, darker above than below. There are indications of a broad, light stripe along side of body above base of pectoral, and also of a dark spot on opercle. Type.—Cat. No. 68247, U.S.N.M., a specimen 222 mm. long, from the market at Naha, Okinawa. Family SPARID. NEMIPTERUS BATHYBIUS, new species. Three specimens of a Nemipterus that appears to be undescribed were bought in the market at Kagoshima. The width of the sub- orbital at the widest part is not over half the diameter of eye, the maxillary extends to a point below anterior edge of pupil, there are three or four canines on either side of upper jaw, the dorsal fin is fila- mentous, the last spine is highest, the upper lobe of the caudal faleate, the ventrals extend to the origin of anal, and there are 45 scales in the lateral line. The species appears to be related to Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch,). When compared with specimens of the latter from Cavite, NV. bathy- bius may be easily distinguished by the narrower preorbital which is deeply concave on its ventral edge. Head 3.2 in length to base of caudal; depth 3.4; depth caudal 9 peduncle 3 in head; eye 3.6; snout 3.2; maxillary 2.6; width inter- orbital space 4; D. X, 9; A. ITI, 7; scales in lateral line 45; between | lateral line and base of dorsal 3; between lateral line and origin of | anal, obliquely downward and backward 9. No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 533 The interorbital space is convex; the snout rather pointed; sub- orbital area narrow, the width contained about 2.2 times in longi- tudinal diameter of eye, the ventral edge with a deep and rather abrupt concavity near end of maxillary; the concavity together with the convex posterior edge giving the suborbital a distinctive form. Edge of preopercle smooth except for some very minute denticulations at its upper edge. Maxillary extending to anterior edge of pupil. Teeth of upper jaw villiform; an enlarged outer row with three or four canines on either side anteriorly; lower jaw with two rows of comparatively strong teeth anteriorly, a single row of enlarged teeth along the sides. Gillrakers short and stubby, 4-9 on the first arch, Opercle with three rows of scales. Dorsal spines high, rather slender and acute, the membrane not incised between their tips; last three spines longest, about 2.4 in head; anterior rays equal in height to the preceding spines, the pos- terior ones somewhat longer. Second anal spine intermediate in height between the first and third, 7.5 in head; last ray 2.3 in head. Lower lobe of caudal pointed, 1.3 in head; upper lobe falcate, a little over twice as long as lower; edge of caudal deeply emarginate. Ven- trals reaching origin of anal. Pectorals acutely pointed, equal in length to ventrals. In life the body was bright silvery with a pinkish tinge and pearly reflections; a narrow lemon-yellow stripe extends from upper edge of axil to middle of caudal peduncle, a faint brassy stripe along base of dorsal, a wide red stripe above lateral line, lateral line bordered by a light stripe with pearly reflections, below which is a brassy stripe narrowly bordered by dark pink; head pinkish, the snout purple; chin, throat, breast, belly, and lower surface of tail bright lemon yellow; dorsal translucent, the edge yellowish orange; vermicula- tions of lemon on membrane of fin; caudal bright pink, the filamen- tous rays yellow, becoming orange toward tip, upper edge of fin orange; anal and ventrals translucent; pectorals pink. In spirits the body is rather reddish above, plain silvery below, all the bright tints having disappeared and no indication of the stripes remaining. Type.—Cat. No. 68232, U.S.N.M., a specimen 280 mm. long includ- ing the caudal filament. Locality Kagoshima, Japan. Two smaller examples, one of which has been placed in the Stan- ford University collection, cotype No. 214201, are lke the type except that the ventrals are slightly shorter. The stomach of each specimen is everted, indicating that it was taken in rather deep water. 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 40. Family POMACENTRID. ABUDEFDUF RHOMALEUS, new species. Head 3.5 in length measured to base of caudal fin; depth 1.8; depth caudal peduncle 6; eye 4.2 in head; interorbital space 2.5; snout 3; D. XII, 15; A. II, 13; scales in lateral series 24; between lateral line and base of dorsal 2; between lateral line and origin of anal 10. The body is very deep, the ventral outline much more elevated than the dorsal; dorsal contour evenly curved on anterior half; ventral con- tour oblique and almost straight from chin to breast and nearly hori- zontal from the latter point to anal opening; head short and broad; eye very small, the diameter less than length of snout and equal to about half the width of interorbital space; mouth very small, oblique, the maxillary not reaching much over half way between tip of snout and border of eye. Teeth scarcely flattened, small, simple, fixed, closely apposed, in a single row. Gillrakers slender, the longest equal in length to about half the diameter of eye, 5-15 on first arch. Sub- orbital and preopercle with naked, smooth edges. Seales weakly ctenoid; snout naked below and in front of nostrils; suborbital with one row of scales; preopercle with 3; opercle with 3; bases of dorsal, anal, and caudal with large scales above which minute ones extend outward on the membranes; lateral line with pores on 18 scales; each scale of the median row on caudal peduncle with a pit near the center. Spines and rays of fins very strong; dorsal spines beyond the sixth of about equal height, 2 in head; soft dorsal rounded, the middle rays highest, reaching almost to middle of caudal when depressed, 1.2 in head. Cleft of caudal shallow, the lobes convex, the length equal to that of head. Second anal spine 2 in head; the fin rounded, 1.4 in head; Pectoral rounded, equal in length to head. Outer ray of ventral filamentous, the tip reaching anal opening when the fin is depressed. Color in spirits, uniform deep brownish black. Described from the type Cat. No. 68233, U.S.N.M., a specimen 165 mm. long, from Naha, Okinawa. Another example, cotype No. 21422, Stanford University collection, is of equal size and does not appear to differ from the type except that there are 13 spines and 16 rays in the dorsal fin. ABUDEFDUF CLARKI, new species. Head 3.3 in length to base of caudal; depth 1.7; depth caudal peduncle 5.5; eye 2.5 in head; interorbital width 2.5; snout 3; D. XIII; A. IT, 13; scales in lateral series 26; between lateral line and origin of spinous dorsal 4; between lateral line and origin of anal 9. NO. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 535 Body markedly deep the dorsal and ventral contours evenly rounded, the dorsal more elevated than the ventral. Eye large, its longitudinal diameter greater than length of snout and about equal to distance between orbit and edge of opercle; interorbital area broad and convex. Suborbital and preopercle covered with scales, the edges smooth. Teeth simple, scarcely compressed, in a single row, closely apposed. . Maxillary extending just beyond a vertical through anterior edge of pupil. Lateral line discontinued beyond middle of soft dorsal; no pores on the caudal peduncle, but each scale in the median row with a minute pit. Scales of head and body denticulate; bases of dorsal and anal with a sheath of scales; membranes of dorsal, caudal, and anal with minute scales; snout naked. Fourth, fifth, and sixth dorsal spines longest, 1.3 in head; soft dorsal and anal elevated, the dorsal rather pointed; height of fins about 1.2 in the head. Caudal deeply cleft, the lobes with acute tips. Pectoral pointed, its length a little less than that of head. Ventrals pointed, the tips filamentous, reaching base of second anal spine. Color in spirits deep brown; a narrow, oblique, white band passing across body from base of ninth dorsal spine to origin of anal; upper edge of pectoral with a black spot which spreads downward and becomes diffuse over the base of fin. This description is of the type, Cat. No. 68234, U.S.N.M., an example 70 mm. long from a pool at Tanegashima. Three smaller specimens were collected at the same time, one of which is numbered 21423 cotype, in the Stanford University collection. In young individuals the white band is somewhat more distinct, an occasional example showing it very sharply outlined, and also fol- lowed by a second which is separated from the first by about four scales. A few young specimens were found in the pools at Misaki. Other examples of the species were earlier identified by Jordan and Snyder as Chrysiptera melas. They differ from that form in having the light, oblique band, the sharply pointed caudal lobes, and the black spot at the base of pectoral. For like reasons this species can not be identified with Glyphisodon violaceus Brevoort. The species is named for Mr. Austin Hobart Clark. Family OSTRACIID. LACTOPHRYS TRITROPIS, new species. This species differs from others known to the Japanese fauna in having the carapace three angled. It differs from.O. concatenatus ' in the strong spines of the dorsal and lateral ridges. It does not 1 Bloch, Ichth., pl. 131. 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. appear to be identical with any Atlantic form. It has been com- pared with the young of O. gibbosus Linnzeus and found to differ in that the latter has a four or five angled carapace. Carapace distinctly three angled, the greatly elevated dorsal ridge surmounted by two distinct, flat spines; two suborbital spines; four spines on the lateral ridge, one of which is beneath the eye, one below the dorsal, two closely apposed and located on anterior half of ridge; ventral surface convex in the middle, the lateral ridges projecting rather strongly downward; snout pointed, a slight knob near its tip, 1.6 times diameter of eye, four in length to base of caudal; carapace broadly closed both above and below the tail. D.9; A.9; P. 10; C. 10. Color in the preservative, yellowish; each facet of the sides of carapace narrowly outlined in black and with a dark center; caudal peduncle with a few oblong, dark spots. Three specimens from Misaki, measuring about 75 mm. long, show no important individual variation. A much smaller specimen from the Tokyo market, collected by Prof. K. Otaki, has the spines relatively longer and stronger than the others. Ty pe.—Cat. No. 68235, U.S.N.M., Misaki, Japan. Cotype, No. 21424, Stanford University collection. Family SCORPAENIDE. SEBASTODES TANAKA, new species. A dark colored species of Sebastodes characterized by short gill- rakers, concave interorbital space, well-developed preopercular, postocular, and tympanic spines, prominent parietal spines and ridges, and a very long, naked maxillary is represented by a single specimen from Hakodate. Head 2.6 in length to base of caudal; depth 2.7; depth caudal peduncle 3.4 in head; eye 4.8; snout 4; maxillary 2.2; width inter- orbital space 6.1; D. XIII, 13; A. III, 7; pores in lateral line 34. Nasal, preocular, postocular, and tympanic spines present, each of which is heavy and high, but not very acute; postocular spine preceded by a strong ridge; parietal ridges high, each with a low posterior spine; preorbital with a broad, flat, triangular spine; pre- opercle with three well-developed spines which are close together and directed backward; below these are two low, rounded processes. Opercular spines, two, broad and flat, the lower one nearly covered with scales. Two humeral spines, the upper of which is short and acute, the lower broad and flat, its tip serrated. Eye of moderate size, its diameter somewhat greater than width of interorbital space. Interorbital area flat, the high spines and ridges above eye making it appear concave; a narrow trough in the middle formed by two low frontal ridges which diverge somewhat posteriorly, as do also the NO. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 5387 rows of spines and the parietal ridges. Length of maxillary three times as great as width of interorbital space, reaching well beyond a vertical through posterior edge of orbit. Jaws even, the lower one without a prominent symphyseal knob. Teeth very fine; in broad patches on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Gillrakers 7 — 14; short and rather broad; all but two on the upper arch and four or five on the lower being little more than mere rounded knobs. Fifth dorsal spine highest, its length contained a little less than two times in head; the spines from the third to the seventh but little shorter; longest rays about 2.2 in the head, reaching base of caudal when depressed. Second anal spine slightly higher than third and considerably stronger, its length contained three times in head; longest rays 1.8. Pectoral rays 18, half of which are simple; de- pressed fin reaching a vertical through anal opening. Ventral spines 3 in head; rays 13; fin pointed, not reaching anus. Caudal obtusely rounded, 1.6 in head. Body with scales that are weakly ctenoid, a thick epidermal cov- ering causing them to appear smooth; about 15 oblique series above lateral line and 45 below; many small supplemental scales, often 10 or more covering the base of a single large scale. Head crowded with small, weakly ctenoid scales which ar2 also supplied with sup- plemental scales. Snout and region anterior to preopercular spines, preorbital, maxillaries, mandible, chin, throat, and branchiostegal region naked. Spinous dorsal naked. Other fins with minute scales that extend almost out to the tips of the rays. Color in spirits deep, dark brown, obscurely mottled; traces of a light band extending along back beneath the dorsal fin. Perito- neum inside of mouth and gill chamber light. One specimen, type, Cat. No. 68236, U.S.N.M., about 290 mm. long, from Hakodate, Japan. Family COTTIDA. COTTUS NOZAW2&, new species. Cottus nozawe is distinguished from other Japanese species of the genus by the following combination of characters: Three preopercular spines, naked palatines, four ventral rays, and a very short maxillary which reaches to anterior border of eye and not beyond anterior border of pupil. Head 3.2 in length to base of caudal; depth 4.5; depth caudal peduncle 3.2 in head; snout 3.2; eye 3.6; interorbital space 7; maxil- lary 2.7; D. VIII, 17; A. 13; P. 15; pores in lateral line about 30. Body moderately robust, the head short, snout blunt; interorbital area and occiput convex; maxillary not quite reaching pupil; anterior nostril with a low tube, the posterior one with a scarcely evident rim; 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. preopercle with a long, slender, curved spine at its upper edge; two smaller spines below this pointing downward and forward; a sharp spine on lower edge of opercle; nasal spines not evident, palatines naked; vomer with a small patch of weak teeth. Lateral line com- plete. Minute prickles covering a small area beneath pectoral; other parts of body naked and smooth. Dorsals entirely separate, the membrane of spinous dorsal just reaching base of first ray; middle spines highest, 3 in head; longest rays about 2.3. Anal rays about 2.8; both dorsal and anal falling far short of caudal when depressed. Ventral rays I, 4, not reaching vent. Pectorals reaching a vertical through base of first anal ray. Color light below, clouded with dusky above; four more or less definite saddle-like spots on back; two below spinous dorsal and two below soft dorsal; a narrow, dark band on base of caudal; rays and spines of fins with rows of dark spots. Type.—Cat. No. 68237, U.S.N.M., a specimen 85 mm. long, from the Ishikari at Sapporo. Cotype, No. 21425, Stanford University collection. Named for Prof. Sunziro Nozawa. MYOXOCEPHALUS YESOENSIS, new gpecies. One specimen of a Myozocephalus obtained at Hakodate does not appear to belong to a known species. It is characterized by a short, robust body without plates or scales except along the lateral line, short snout and small eyes, verrucose skin on upper parts of head where the ridges are very low, short postorbital and occipital tentacles, and two short preopercular spines. An almost colorless chin and throat and the short spines distinguishes it from J. stellert, and the small eyes alone will prevent it from being confused with MM. nwosus. It appears to most closely resemble J. brandii. It has, however, a smaller eye, the longitudinal diameter being considerably shorter than the snout and equal to the width of interorbital space. The upper preopercular spine is shorter and there are no small plates below the lateral line. Head 2.4 in length to base of caudal; depth 3.5; depth of caudal peduncle 5 in head; eye 5.6; snout 3.5; interorbital space 5.6; maxil- lary 2.2; D. IX, 13; A. 10; P. 17; pores in lateral line 34. Skin on upper parts warty; very short postocular and occipital filaments; postocular region with short, digitate ridges, some of which approach the median line while others extend backward and unite with an uneven, low ridge which extends from posterior border of eye, along occiput to nape where it breaks up into minute forks; a second ridge parallel with and alittle below the occipital ridge passes backward and after one or two interruptions becomes continuous with the humeral spine; interorbital stay with a bony surface; upper NO. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 539 parts of opercle with a bony ridge continuous with the short, blunt spine; nasal spines short and very sharp; preopercle with three spines, the upper of which is somewhat shorter than longitudinal diameter of eye, the second not half so long, the third very short, blunt, and projecting downward. Interorbital space concave; occipi- tal region flat between the ridges; lower jaw included; maxillary extending to posterior edge of orbit. Skin naked except along lateral line where each pore opens beneath a small, concealed scale. Dorsal spines very slender, the longest (fourth and fifth) contained about 3.2 times in length of head; tip of each with a short villus; longest rays contained about 3.2 times in length of head. Anal scarcely higher than spinous dorsal, the rays of neither anal nor dorsal reaching base of caudal when depressed. Pectoral 1.5 in head; ventrals 2 in head. Head clouded with dusky above; a poorly defined dark spot extending from eye along snout; a second less evident spot between eye and maxillary; lower lip with dusky spots, the chin and throat immaculate; back with two indefinite, dark bands which extend upward on the spinous dorsal; similar bands below the soft dorsal, the posterior part of the last one being definitely outlined, the fin with oblique, dusky clouds; anal with three broad, oblique, dark bands; posterior half of caudal peduncle and base of anal with a sharply outlined cross-band with irregular edges; posterior half of caudal with broad, blackish reticulations. Type.—Cat. No. 68238, U.S.N.M., measures 175 mm. in length. Locality, Hakodate market. OCYNECTES MODESTUS, new species. This species differs from Ocynectes maschalis in the absence of occipital tentacles and in its plain color. Also the snout is more pointed, the maxillary shorter, the eye smaller, the body deeper, and there is one more ray in the dorsal fin. Head 3.4 in the length to base of caudal; depth 3.9; depth of cauda] peduncle 9; eye 5 in head; snout 3.5; maxillary 3.2; interorbital space 4.7; D. IX, 14; A. 11; P. 14; pores in lateral line 35. Head and body as in O. maschalis, though slightly deeper, the dorsal contour being a little more elevated and the snout more pointed. Above each eye is a broad flap, the posterior edge of which bears a row of seven or more tentacles, the whole resembling a coarse-toothed comb. Nasal spines prominent, embedded in a thick, fleshy covering, each with a slender tentacle at its tip; anterior nostrils with low rims; posterior nostrils with large tubes located imme- diately behind the nasal spines; a low, fleshy ridge extending from between nostrils along interorbital area, growing lower and disappear- ing at a point between orbital flaps; head otherwise perfectly smooth 540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. and without tentacles; body perfectly smooth; lateral line complete; pores large, the anterior nine with tentacles which are simple, bifid or trifid. Preopercular spine long, simple, and with a perceptible upward curve. Mouth small; maxillary extending to a vertical passing between anterior edge of orbit and pupil. Teeth in broad bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Dorsals separate; outline of spinous dorsal slightly concave, the length of highest (anterior) spines contained about 2.3 times in the head; all but the last three anal rays large and fleshy, the membrane deeply incised between them; height of longest anal rays 2.5 in head; last dorsal ray connected by membrane with caudal peduncle, the last anal ray free posteriorly; both dorsal and anal falling far short of base of caudal when depressed. Tip of pectoral reaching a vertical through base of first anal ray when depressed; lower seven pectoral rays fleshy, the membrane deeply incised between them; all the rays simple. Ventrals 2 in head, not reaching anal opening. Caudal rounded; 1.4 in head. In spirits the color is almost plain, a faint dusky band being suggested below the spinous dorsal, and two similar ones below the soft dorsal; tentacles of the lateral line black; orbital flap dusky. Spinous dorsal dusky, with two indistinctly outlined light spots; soft dorsal with about seven oblique, dusky bars; anal with similar bars which are broader and more numerous; upper and lower rays of caudal with four or five elongate, dark spots which are faintly continued as bars on the fin. Pectorals with narrow, irregular, dusky bars. Ventrals immaculate. Head with a narrow, dark line curving from tip of snout beneath nostril and passing backward below eye; another beginning at posterior margin of eye and extending across preopercle to base of spine. Type.——Cat. No. 68240, U.S.N.M., from Same, Japan. A cotype, No. 21426, Stanford University collection, is like the type in all particulars except that there are 15 dorsal rays and no tentacles at tips of nasal spines. The cotype is also from Same. BERO ZANCLUS, new species. This species differs from Bero elegans in having a markedly slender body and no multifid tentacles on the head, there being a pair of slightly fringed flaps above the eyes and but one pair of small, simple tentacles on the occiput. The intromittent organ is much smaller and more slender in B. zanclus. Head 2.8 in length to base of caudal; depth 5.8; depth of caudal peduncle 13.5; eye 4.5 in head; maxillary 2.1; snout 3.9; mterorbital space 15; D. TIX, 15; A. 15; P. 15; pores in lateral line 38. Body elongate, tapering gradually from head to caudal peduncle; snout rather pointed: lower jaw included; eye large, the diameter about equal to length of snout; maxillary sariniiine to a point below No. 1836. NEW FISHES FROM JAPAN—SNYDER. 541 posterior edge of orbit. Bands of minute teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Preopercular spine equal in length to half the diameter of eye, broad, very flat, and strongly curved upward, the greater part of it concealed beneath the skin; nasal spines well developed. Anterior nostril with a long tube; posterior nostril with a high rim located behind nasal spine. seis ee eee is 1. Anterior margin of the clypeus with two lateral teeth; apical third of the clypeus smooth with large scattered punctures; inner calcarium of the hind tibiz as long astheibasviarsus.)! 4 2. Sede si kee ee eee a eee johnsont. Anterior margin of the clypeus with one lateral tooth; entire clypeus closely punc- tured; inner calcarium of the hind tibie shorter than the basitarus.arygrotrichus. NO. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 575 TACHYSPHEX MAURUS, new species. The female runs in Fox’s table to nigrior Fox, but the clypeus has two small lateral teeth, and the punctures of the mesonotum are small and widely scattered. The male runs in the same table to mundus Fox, but the first joint of the flagellum is one-half as long as the second, and the inner calcarium of the hind tibiz is shorter than the hind basitarsis. Female-—Length 9 mm. Front with small separate punctures, closer along the inner orbits; interocellar area closely punctured, indistinctly parted; vertex with widely separated punctures, and a Y-shaped impressed line; space between the eyes at the vertex greater than the length of the second and third antennal joints, but much less than the length of the third and fourth; third joint much shorter than the fourth, the fourth and fifth subequal; propodeum granular dorsally, punctured laterally, striate posteriorly; second cubital cell longer on the radius than the third; inner calcarium of the hind tibize subequal with the length of the hind basitarsis; hind basitarsis curved basally; apical third of the dorsal abdominal seg- ments depressed; pygidium well defined twice as long as the basal width, with well-separated punctures, apex narrowly truncate. Black; tegule, spines, and calcaria testaceous; rather densely clothed with silvery pile; wings hyaline, iridescent, venation dark brown. Male—Length 6 mm. Clypeus sharply rounded medially, the teeth small; front closely and uniformly punctured; abdominal seg- ments not as broadly depressed as in the female; last ventral seg- ment squarely emarginate, lobes sharp, narrow; hind basitarsis not curved. Otherwise as in the female. Lee County, Texas. Two females and two males collected by Rev. G. Birkmann in May, June, and August. Type—Cat. No. 138756, U.S.N.M. TACHYSPHEX NEOMEXICANUS, new species. Belongs in with montanus (Cresson) pauzillus Fox, and consimilis Fox, but may be separated from these by the conformation of the clypeus, the size and the color. Female.—Length 12 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus cren- ulate, the lateral angles not sharp; clypeus strongly convex, the lower portion smooth, shining, with large, separate punctures, basal portion with close, small, distinctly defined punctures; front with dis- tinct, close, well-defined punctures; the punctures of the vertex separated; antennal fovee sharply defined above, large; occiput seen from above straight; an impressed line extending from occiput to between bases of antennez, interrupted only by the subtriangular- shaped depression behind the lateral ocelli and the anterior ocellus; space between the eyes at vertex greater than the length of antennal 576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 40. joints two and three, but less than the length of joints three and four; antenne of the normal type, the third joint but little shorter than the fourth; mesonotum and scutellum shining, with rather large, sepa- rate, well-defined punctures; scutellum not impressed; mesopleure more closely punctured than the notum; dorsal aspect of the propo- deum corieacous, sides and posterior face striate, posterior face with a shallow median fovea; legs strongly spinose, inner calcarium of posterior tibiz shorter than the basitarsis, the abssice of the radius are, in order of their length, the longest first, 4123; broad apical margin of first and second segments depressed; abdomen dulled with very fine tessallation; pygidium well margined, with large, widely separated punctures. Black; outer margin of tegule pale brown; apical tarsal joimts reddish; abdomen bright red; wings hyaline, slightly dusky, vitreous; venation pale brown, costa and stigma black, sparsely clothed with silvery pile. Rio Ruidoso (altitude about 6,500 feet), White Mountains, New Mexico. One female collected August 7 ‘under dead pine bark,” by C. H. T. Townsend. Type.—Cat. No. 13757, U.S.N.M. TACHYSPHEX FEDORENSIS, new species. Female.—Length 15 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded out, with two distinct lateral teeth, and slightly emarginate in the middle; the apical half shining, with a few large punctures; the basal part finely granular. Front and vertex closely punctured; a distinct median furrow from between base of antenn almost to the occiput; space between the eyes at the top about equal to the length of antennal joints three and four; third and fourth antennal joints about equal; mesonotum closely, finely punctured, appearing almost granular; scutellum not impressed, punctures separated and distinct; meso- pleure granular, dull; dorsal aspect and sides of propodeum granular; posterior face finely striated, with a distinct furrow which broadens above into a V-shaped fovea; legs robust, strongly spinose; second and third cubital cells 6f about equal length at the top; abdomen above dull; finely granular; a little more shining ventrally, a series of large punctures along the apical ventral margins; pygidium shining, with rather large sparse punctures; about twice as long as broad at base. Black; tarsi and spines brownish; wings smoky, venation pale brown; face and’ clypeus slightly, mandibles and apical margins of abdominal segments one to three with fine silvery pile. Male—tLength 10 mm. Clypeus slightly produced in the middle, without teeth; punctured all over, the apical part with the punctures a little larger and more separated; the middle furrow of front not as distinct as in the female; dorsal aspect of a propodeum slightly No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. ES (el impressed in the middle; legs not so strongly spinose as in female; emargination of the fore femora rounded; emargination of the eighth ventral plate broad, rather shallow, arcuate; lobes short, triangular. Pubescence of face and clypeus denser than in female; the thorax with silvery pubescence. Fedor, Lee County, Texas. Females and males collected in May and June by Rev. G. Birkmann. Type.—Cat. No. 13758, U.S.N.M. This insect belongs near punctifrons Fox. It may be known from punctifrons by the presence of two teeth on the clypeus and the absence of ‘‘dense sericeous pile.” The wings are as dark as some specimens of xthiops Cress. The male is separated from the male of punctifrons by the greater space between the eyes at the top; in punctifrons it is about equal to the antennal joints three and four; in fedorensis it is greater than joints three and four. The male is separated from intermedius Viereck by the denser punctured meso- notum, etc. TACHYSPHEX BRUESI, new species. Separated from tenurpunctus Fox, its nearest ally, by the sculpture of the propodeum and black abdomen. Female.—Length 8 mm. Clypeus broadly rounded apically with two small lateral teeth, its surface and the front coarsely granular; vertex and interocellar area closely punctured, neither distinctly parted; depression of the vertex shallow, poorly defined; the space between the eyes at the vertex greater than the length of the second and third antennal joints, but less than the third and fourth; the third and fourth antennal joints subequal; mesonotum with large separate punctures, those on the sides closer; scutellum with well separated punctures, not impressed; propodeum subtruncate and transversely striate posteriorly, dorsally finely reticulate, laterally striato-reticulate; third cubital cell longer on the radius than the sec- ond; legs not strongly spined, inner calcarium not as long as the hind basitarsis; apical margins of the dorsal abdominal segments nar- rowly depressed; pygidium well defined, two and a half times as long as broad; sparsely punctured, the apex narrowly truncate. Black; tarsi and tegule somewhat brownish; wings dusky-hyaline, iridescent; venation brown. Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. One female from the I*. Rauter- berg collection. Also one female in the same collection from Florida. Type.—Public Museum of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Paratype.—Cat. No. 13759, U.S.N.M. Named for Mr. C. T. Brues, who sent the specimens for study. 80796°—Proc. N.M.vol.40—11——37 578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 40. TACHYSPHEX SPHECODOIDES, new species. Female.—Length about 7 mm. Median part of clypeus margined anteriorly, the lateral angles sharp, with a short, obtuse median tooth; basal portion of the clypeus convex, densely punctured; front with large separate punctures, vertex more sparsely punctured than the front; furrow from anterior ocellus distinct; occiput flat a little lower than the eyes; distance between the eyes at the vertex about the same as the length of the antennal joints three and four; third and fourth antennal joints about equal; anterior third of the mesonotum finely, closely punctured, the posterior part shining, sparsely punc- tured; scutellum convex shining, punctured like the posterior part of the mesonotum; mesonotum finely, closely punctured; dorsal aspect of propodeum finely granular, at the base there are a number of short longitudinal carine, the middle one the longest; sides finely striated, near the top the striz are broader and more distinct; poste- rior face shining, finely transversely striate; fovea very well defined, pointed beneath; second and third cubital cells about equal on the radius; abdomen shining, impunctate; pygidium not well defined, smooth, almost without punctures; about twice as long as wide at base. Black; tegule on the outer margins ferruginous; eyes (dry) dark green; mandibles at apex and two apical joints of tarsi dark rufous; abdomen clear red. Wings clear hyaline, iridescent; vena- tion brown; face, clypeus, pleurz, small patches on sides of abdomen and the anterior femora beneath with silvery pubescence; antennee clothed with fine white pile. Rocky Ford, Colorado. One female collected May 12, 1905. Col- lector unknown. Type.—Colorado Agricultural College. A very distinct species, perhaps most closely related to T. punctula- tus H. S. Smith, but the sculpture of the mesonotum and propodeum, and the clearer wings, will easily separate it from that species. TACHYSPHEX LEENSIS, new species. Female.—Length about 7 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, the middle broadly produced, the angles evident but not sharp; anterior part of the clypeus shining, with large separate punc- tures, the sculpture of the basal part not clearly seen on account of the pubescence; head opaque, very finely granular; space between the eyes at the vertex a little greater than the length of the antennal joints two and three; third and fourth antennal joints about equal; entire thorax very finely granular; scutellum not impressed; pos- terior face with an oval-shaped fovea; radial cell obliquely truncated ; third cubital cell wider on the radius than the second; legs feebly spined, spines feeble and pallid; tarsal bristles long; piceous; abdo- men subopaque, microscopically punctured; pygidium well defined, NO. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 579 narrow, acute at apex, very sparsely punctured. Black; mouth parts and tegulx pale brown; two basal segments of the abdomen, with the exception of a spot on the second, red. (Undoubted speci- mens will be found with the abdomen entirely black.) Wings dusky hyaline, iridescent; venation brown; clypeus and front with close silvery pile; thorax and abdomen in certain lights with close silvery pile. Lee County, Texas. Collected May 8, 1906, by Rev. G. Birkmann. Type—Cat. No. 13760, U.S.N.M. The space between the eyes at the vertex would place this species in the tarsatus group, but it is not any of these being nearest to punc- tulatus, from which it may be distinguished by the different sculp- ture, the fourth antennal joint not longer than the third, and other characters. It has some resemblance, in general habitus, and in the inner calcarium of the posterior tibie being a little longer than the basitarsus, to mundus Fox; but that species has the posterior face of metathorax transversely striated, the dorsulum and scutellum punc- tured and the eyes are closer together at the vertex. It is also some- what like consemilis Fox, but the sculpture of the thorax and distinct pubescence on the abdomen will distinguish it from this species. TACHYSPHEX WHEELERI, new species. Female.—Length a little over 5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded out, with two small, distinct lateral teeth, basal portion finely granular; front finely granular, vertex finely punc- tured; depression behind lateral ocelli rather deep, parted by a furrow; interocellar area by a deep furrow, which extends to be- tween the bases of the antenne, but is not as strong below the anterior ocellus; distance between the eyes at the vertex about the same as the length of the antennal joints two and three; antennz normal, third joint a little shorter than the fourth, mesonotum and scutellum finely punctured, the punctures of the scutellum a little more separated than those of the mesonotum, scutellum not impressed; dorsal aspect of propodeum finely granular, without an impressed line; sides finely striato-granular; posterior face separated from the dorsal aspect by a carina, which is broken in the middle by the upper part of the triangular-shaped fovea, transversely striated; radial cell obliquely truncate, second cubital cell wider on the radius than third; legs feebly spinose, spines feeble and pallid; abdomen ‘shining, apparently impunctate; pygidium well defined for species of this group, with large well separated punc- tures, acute at apex, and a little more than twice as long as broad at base. Black; palpi and tegule brownish; apex of mandibles piceous; abdomen clear red; usual silvery facial pubescence; thorax and abdomen in certain lights, with silvery pile. 580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40. Lee County, Texas. Collected in May, 1907, by Rev. G. Birk- mann. Type.—Cat. No. 13761 U.S.N.M. This species, which is named in honor of Dr. W. M. Wheeler, belongs to the group composed of tarsatus (Say), semirufus (Cresson), punctulatus H. S. Smith, hiter Rohwer, and antennatus Fox. The members of this group have the abdomen clear red, the space be- tween the eyes at the vertex about the same as the length of the second and third antennal joints; and the pygidial area rather poorly defined. The females may be separated as follows: “Flagellum long, not setaceous, sparsely acuminate apically’’ (Fox); clypeus with one lateral tooth (pygidium two and one-half times as long as broad at base). MOKAS feeie easel ie eee BU eRS Bee IIe Onis SE eee antennatus Fox. Blagellum normal; acuminate apically... ~~ 4o2 = .<.5\-; acr sjni-1e ine ee a 1. Pygidium not twice as long as broad at base, broad, poorly defined (clypeus with twolateral teeth). -Colorados 322... -c-ee cee seme ee ese ce ae hitei Rohwer. Pygidium twice or more than twice as long as broad at base................... De 2. Mesonotum very closely punctured, the punctures not becoming sparser pos- teriorly; scutellum similar (clypeus with two lateral teeth). Eastern United SFI he Wee eiee al Seeeteiete, 3 pee ea SECM go Ae) GRICE Ae eS tarsatus (Say). Mesonotum more sparsely punctured, especially posteriorly; scutellum shining, usually more sparsely punctured than the dorsulum......................- 3 3. Clypeus with two lateral teeth; leg spines pallidie sao ee yaon tee wheelert Rohwer. Clypeus with one lateral tooth; leg spines black or piceous..-....-............- 4, ‘4. Clypeus with large, widely scattered puncturnest sso. 3 se punctulatus H. S. Smith. Clypeusigranular; front.eranular: 20d: sch a2 tees sen semirufus (Cresson). What may be the male of wheelert may be described as follows: Length 4 mm. Slender; clypeus rounded on the anterior margin, without lateral teeth; front very finely granular, vertex punctured; space between the eyes at the vertex about the same as the length of antennal joints three and four; third antennal joint a little shorter than the fourth; mesonotum and scutellum shining, sparsely punc- tured; scutellum rather strongly convex, not impressed; dorsal aspect of propodeum granular, sides and posterior face finely trans- versely striated; legs almost spineless, the spines small and white; radial cell obliquely truncate; second and third cubital cells about equal on the radius; abdomen shining, almost impunctate; eight | ventral plate rather deeply circularly emarginate, lobes rather broad. Black; palpi, tegule, and apex of the tarsi brownish; two basal segments of abdomen red; front and clypeus with silvery pubescence. Wings hyaline, ieilesenate venation brown. The male was collected by Rev. G. Birkmann in Lee County, Texas, August 8, 1905. No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 581 Genus TACHYTES Panzer. TACHYTES CHRYSOCERCUS, new species. Distinct in the large size, yellowish and dusky wings, red legs, golden pubescence of the pygidium and subequal first and second flagellar joints. Female —Length 16 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, somewhat crenulate laterally; head and thorax dull, finely closely punctured; ocellar area parted by a furrow, area -behind the ocelli slightly depressed; third antennal joint slightly longer than the fourth; scutellum not impressed; propodeum finely granular, furrow on the posterior face distinct, a triangular-shaped fovea on apex of dorsal aspect; legs strongly spined; second cubital cell about twice as long on the radius as the third; abdomen hardly as long as the head and thorax; pygidium sharply defined, the apex rounded. Black; mandibles, legs below bases of femora and abdomen (the abdomen is darker) ferruginous; tegule paler than the femora; densely clothed with golden pile, scape, head, and metathorax with long fuscous hair; pubescence of abdomen and pygidium especially bright and dense. Wings yellowish, apices dusky; venation reddish yellow. Pulvilli black. Meadow Valley, Mexico. One female collected by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend. Type.—Cat. No. 13762, U.S. N. M. TACHYTES XENOFERUS, new species. From the descriptions evidently belongs near vicinus, but is dis- tinguished by the space between the eyes at vertex being greater than the length of the second and third antennal joints not ‘‘nearly the length of; the ventral segments do not bear ‘‘a dense tuft of longish brownish hair;” the wings can hardly be said to be ‘ flavo-hyalinis,”’ although they are slightly yellowish. Female —Length 10mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, armed laterally with six small teeth, the two inner ones larger, sur- face with distinct separate punctures; front finely granular, impressed line wanting; ocellar and surrounding area gently raised; vertex finely punctured, the depression shallow; space between the eyes at vertex ereater than the length of the second and third antennal joints, but much less than the length of the third and fourth joints; scape pilose hairy beneath, flagellum pilose, the third and fourth joints equal; thorax with close, fine punctures; propodeum rounded posteriorly, distinctly shorter than the mesonotum, no well-defined channel on the transversely striato-punctate posterior face; third cubital cell slightly longer on the radius than the third; legs rather robust, feebly -spined; ventral segments almost without hair; pygidium broad, well 582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. defined, apex rather acutely rounded. Black; palpi tegule, and calaria testaceous; tarsi and tibizs somewhat piceous; densely clothed with silvery pile, that of the thorax slightly yellowish; pygidium with silvery hair. Wings hyaline, iridescent, faintly yellowish; venation testaceous. Male—Leneth 9 mm. Clypeus rounded, without teeth; third antennal joint shorter than the fourth; anterior coxz without spines; pygidium truncate; last ventral plate deeply, broadly, arcuately emarginate, lobes narrow rounded at apex. Otherwise very like the female. Deesa, India. Described from a stylopized male and female, col- lected June, 1898, by Lieut. Col. C. G. Nurse. Type.—Cat. No. 13763, U.S.N.M. This may only be a stylopized aberration of Tachytes vicinus Cameron, but at present it is impossible to prove such to be the case. Genus LARROPSIS Patton. Type.—Larrada tenuicorns Smith (original designation). | Patton in describing ! the genus Larropsis designated as the type — Larrada tenuicornis Smith. His description of the genus does not apply to this species which led Kohl and Fox to treat it as an unknown — genus. The type-species is, however, a well-known species and is | congeneric with Larrada distincta Smith, the chosen type of Anci- | stromma Fox. Fox’s genus being described a year later must rank as a synonym of Patton’s. Larropsis Parton, Ent. News, vol. 3, 1892, p. 90. Ancistromma Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18938, p. 487. LARROPSIS FILICORNIS, new species. Female.—Length about 11 mm; antenne about 7 mm. Slender; the shape of the head recalls that of the genus Lyroda. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded out, not distinctly dentate, but later-— ally there are faint indications of teeth; anterior part of the clypeus_ is coarsely, irregularly punctured, the basal part is like the front; eyes not nearly as strongly converging as usual, the distance between them at the vertex a little greater than the length of antennal joints: two to four; front with an indistinct impressed line; depression” behind the lateral ocelli not strong; front and vertex rather closely punctured. Antenne long and slender; the third joint a little shorter than the fourth; apical joint equal in length with the preceding; mesonotum, scutellum, and mesopleuree punctured similar to the- front, scutellum not impressed; dorsal aspect of propodeum rather finely reticulato-granular, at some angles appearing finely obliquely striated from the median furrow; a deep, longitudinal, foveolated 1 Ent. News, vol. 8, 1892, p. 90. Se ee eee NO. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 583 furrow from the base to almost the apex; posterior face granular with a few transverse striz, the upper margin with a distinct trans- verse carina; sides granular; legs rather robust, but not very strongly spined; tarsal comb of short bristles as in Tachytes; the inner cal- carium of the posterior tibie not as long as the basitarsus; third cubital on radius equal to a little longer than the second; abdomen shining, finely reticulate; pygidium well defined, apparently twice as long as broad at base, smooth, with a few scattered punctures, rounded at the apex. Black; palpi, tegule, apecies of tarsi and calcarium reddish testaceous; head, thorax, and abdomen with short white pile; wings distinctly dusky, especially at the tips; venation pale brown. Lee County, Texas. Collected May 10, 1898. Collected by Rev. G. Birkmann at the town of Fedor. Type.—Cat. No. 13764, U.S.N.M. The pygidium of the paratype is reddish, and the furrow of the propodeum is not so distinct, the striate being longer. Related to Larropsis tenuicornis (Smith), but may be separated by the greater space between the eyes at the top, and the sides of pro- podeum not being striate. LARROPSIS PORTIANUS, new species. In Fox’s table to the species of Ancistromma this species runs to conferta Fox, but is quite different from that species. The male has, judging from the description, a superficial resemblance to ZL. tachy- sphecoides (Viereck), but the distance between the eyes at the vertex is not as great as in that species. Female.—Length 7.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus sub- truncate, very slightly emarginate, with two lateral teeth, the outer tooth the larger, surface with small, distinct, separated punctures, some larger ones near the anterior margin; front with close, distinct punctures, vertex with the punctures somewhat more separated; an impressed line from anterior ocellus to between bases of antenna; depression behind the lateral ocelli triangular in outline, with a longitudinal impressed line in the middle; space between the eyes at vertex a little greater than the length of second and third antennal joints; antennze robust, scape large, not as long as the two following joints, pedicellum but longer than wide, third and fourth joints sub- equal in length; mesonotum and scutellum with rather large, distinct, well-separated punctures; scutellum indistinctly impressed; meso- pleure granular; dorsal aspect of propodeum with a broad, shallow median furrow, striato-granular, the striz poorly defined, oblique from center; posterior face sculptured like dorsal aspect with an acute median triangle, the point downward; sides of propodeum with the striz stronger than on the dorsal surface; legs strongly spined, the inner calcarium of posterior tibiz longer than the basi- 584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ‘you, 40. tarsus; first abscissa of the radius longer than second, third much longer than the second but shorter than the fourth; abdomen with distinct, small, separate punctures; pygidium not sharply defined, with large, separate punctures, about one and a half times as long as broad at base, apex obtusely rounded. Black; base of mandibles scape beneath, flagellum beneath apically, tegule, legs except a black spot on cox above, and abdomen red; head and thorax with silvery pubescence, abdomen almost nude; wings hyaline, iridescent venation testaceous. A paratype has the second and third abscissa of the radius subequal. Male.—Length 6.25 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded out, hardly dentate; sides of propodeum not as strongly striate as in the female; mandibles, antenne, cox, anterior femora, bases of the four posterior femora black; abdomen ornamented with silvery pile. Except where mentioned, the male agrees with the above description of the female. Las Cruces, New Mexico. Type female collected on staminate flowers of Croton neomexicanum September 25, 1895; two paratype females collected October 5, 1895; type male collected September 23, on Gutierrezia sarothre, var. microcephala. All were collected by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. Type.—Cat. No. 13765, U.S.N.M. Genus NOTOGONIA Costa. NOTOGONIA BELLA, new species. Seems to be closest structurally to Notogonia truncata Cameron, but that species is colored differently. Female-—Length about 10mm. Clypeus with distinct, median size punctures, apical margin shining and with a rounded notch in the middle; head and dorsulum finely granular, scutellum somewhat shining, with distinct punctures; depression from the anterior ocellus nearly breaking all the way through the crest; depression above lateral ocelli triangular; scape carinated ventrally; third and fourth antennal joints equal; propodeum granular; longitudinal furrow of propodeum dorsally shallow; carina separating the posterior face from the dorsal aspect not sharp; femora rather robust; abdomen dull; pygidium (under high power) covered with short spines; third cubital cell a little wider on the radius than the second. Black; femora and tibie clear red; covered with close golden pile, longer — and denser on the propodeum. Wings light amber-yellow, with a apical third streaked with lavender; venation except the pale brown costa and stigma, the color of the wing. Tabernilla, Canal Zone, Panama. One female collected June 4, 1907, by Mr. A. Busck. Type-—Cat. No. 13766, U.S.N.M. No. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 585 Genus ZOYPHIUM Kohl. ZOYPHIUM RUFIPES, new species. Should easily be recognized by the red legs, size, and two small teeth on the sides of the clypeus. Female.—Length 6.5 mm. Emargination of the mandibles deep; depressed, shining, median portion of the clypeus gently rounded, laterally with two small teeth; space between the antenne at the base not quite twice as great as the space between the base of antenna and eye margin; scape subequal in length with the distance between the base of antenna and eye margin; antenne short, thickening apically, pedicellum globose about half as long as the third antennal joint third joint distinctly longer than the fourth, apical joint obtusely pointed not as long as the two proceeding joints; head rather coarsely granular; eyes strongly diverging to the clypeus; postocellar line at least three times as long as the ocelloccipital lime; pronotum some- what declivitous; mesonotum and scutellum closely, rather coarsely punctured; suture between mesonotum and _ scutellum strongly foveolate; mesopleure rather finely punctured; propodeum dorsally and posteriorly with fine, separated punctures, sides shining almost impunctate; dorsal aspect with a broad U-shaped depression, basally with a longitudinal carina; posterior face with a large somewhat Y-shaped fovea, the tail at ventral end rounded, the arms subfoveo- late outside; a strong carina separating the sides of propodeum from the dorsal and posterior aspects; femora very robust, inner calcarium of posterior tibiz nearly as long as basitarsis; venation very like Z. sericeum Kohl; abdomen shining, finely closely punctured, first segment with the punctures well separated; pygidium triangular, apex rounded, densely covered with short bristle-like spines; second dorsal segment with the apical fourth depressed. Black; spot on mandibles, flagellum beneath, tuberacles, tegule, dorsal part of pronotum (except two yellow spots), scutellum, metanotum, legs below trochanters rufous; rather densely covered with serecious pile; wings hyaline, irridescent; venation testaceous. Duaringa, Dawson District, North Queensland. One female from Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg. Type.—Cat. No. 13767, U.S.N.M. Genus SOLIERELLA Spinola (following Kohl). Dr. F. F. Kohl! divides the genus Solterella Spinola into four sections. The species grouped together in his genus can be divided into groups on the mandibles in the following manner: Mandibles: notvemarginate extériotly - ici26. sie. sc. soos wniceciee oe Silaon Piccioli. Mandibles distinctly or shallowly emarginate exteriorly.......-. Solierella Spinola. 1 Die Gattungen der Sphegiden, 1896, pp. 451-453. 586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. Whether such groups should be considered as genera or not is a matter of opinion. For the present it may be well to recognize them as such. Genus SOLIERELLA Spinola. As far as known to the author this group divides itself into two, as follows: Emargination of the mandibles strong; transverse median and basal vein interstitial Onpmear liv. aiid a) ait See io bre eee a ee Sree ee Solierella Spinola. Emargination of the mandibles weak; transverse median basad of basal vein. Niteliopsis S. Saunders. Kohl’s group 3,1 which is Miteliopsis, is not correctly defined according to Saunder’s description. Kohl says, ‘Die Basalader entspringt interstitial.” Saunder’s figure shows it quite free and basad of the basal vein. The mandibles are originally described thus: ‘‘Mandibulae curvate, basi robustz prope medium excavate, apice acutae edentule.” Genus SILAON Piceioli. Sylaon is an emendation. All the American species referred to Miteliopsis belong here. The species known to the author may be divided into the following groups: Transverse median basad of basal vein; first cubital cell receiving a recurrent vein. group compeditus Piccioli. Transverse median beyond basal vein; second cubital cell receiving both recurrent veins or the first recurrent interstitial with the first transverse cubitus. group viereckt Rohwer. Transverse median and basal veins interstitial or nearly so.........----..-.------ ik 1. First recurrent vein received by the first cubital cell...... group chilensis Kohl. First recurrent vein received in the second cubital cell or interstitial with the first transverse: CubiGuses- nee Sek e hee eee eer nee ele eee group plenoculoides Fox. The Nearctic species would be grouped as follows, according to the above arrangement: Group compeditus. Group vierecki. sayi (Rohwer). vierecki (Rohwer). Jfossor (Rohwer). foxti (Viereck) from description. Group chilensis. Group plenoculoides. lucidus (Rohwer). plenoculoides (Fox). parvus (Rohwer). striatipes (Ashmead) (male, not fe- niger (Rohwer). male). affinis (Rohwer). modestus (Rohwer). inerme (Cresson). mexicanus (Rohwer). 1 Die Gattungen der Sphegiden, 1896, p. 453. NO. 1837. NEW SPECIES OF WASPS—ROHWER. 587 SILAON MEXICANUS, new species. Closest to inermis (Cresson), but differs in the entire last ventral abdominal segment and other characters. Male.—Length 4.75 mm. Middle of the clypeus produced into a broad, truncate lobe, anterior margin impunctate, shining, basally finely granular as in the rest of the front; carine as in inermis but not as strong; vertex and occiput with distinct close punctures; ocelli in nearly an equilateral triangle; pronotum rounded, neither angled or crested; dorsulum, scutellum, and mesopleure with rather large, distinct, rather close punctures; triangular area of the propo- deum with close longitudinal striz; propodeum laterally and posterior face finely striato-granular; legs and venation as in inermis; abdomen very finely sculptured, apical ventral plate entire at apex. Black; mandibles, line on pronotum, tubercles, anterior femora apically more broadly so beneath, spot on intermediate femora beneath, four ante- rior tibiz and tarsi, and posterior tarsi yellowish; tegule and hind tibiz brown; usual sparse silvery pubescence; wings dusky, venation black. Antenne robust, somewhat flattened. San Ragael, Jicoltepec, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 13768, U.S.N.M. Belongs to species group chilensis in the foregoing arrangement. Genus MISCOPHINUS Ashmead. MISCOPHINUS NIGRICEPS, new species. Related to M. texanus Ashmead, but the thorax is entirely rufous and the median carina of the propodeum is incomplete. Female.—Length 7mm. Clypeus broadly rounded anteriorly with the usual lateral narrow notch; head finely, opaquely, granular; no impressed line from the anterior ocellus; anterior ocellus not sur- rounded by a depression; third antennal joint distinctly longer than the fourth; pro- and mesothorax with fine separate punctures; propo- deum without a complete median carina, finely, obliquely striate, posterior face not so closely striate, separated from the dorsal surface by a fine carina, with a median depression; abdomen, legs, and wings normal. Rufo-ferruginous; apex of abdomen dusky; head black, clypeus, mandibles (apices piceous) and first three joints of antennz rufo-ferruginous. Wings hyaline, apical margin broadly dusky; venation dark brown. Santa Monica, California. One female collected by Mr. C. EK. Hutch- inson, September 15, 1901. Type.—Cat. No. 13553, U.S.N.M. PRELIMINARY NOTICES OF SOME NEW PACIFIC CEPHALOPODS. By S. Srirrman Berry, Of Stanford University, California. Pending the publication in a forthcoming report of complete descriptions with the necessary figures, it has been thought best to present in advance brief diagnoses of certain West American squids and devilfish, which appear to be new in the collections at my dis- posal. Most of the material was obtained by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross. The region concerned is faunally a very rich one, but as its teuthology has been hitherto practically unknown, the fact that a number of its most common and characteristic species are undescribed need be in no way surprising. CIRROTEUTHIS MACROPE, new species. Body of rather small size, subgelatinous, elongate for a decapod, with a broad oar-like fin on either side. Mantle opening full and very wide, reaching to a point just behind each eye. Head wide, flattened; eyes large and prominently protruding. Funnel large and broad, the funnel organ comprising a pair of small oval whitish pads, situated one at either'side on the dorsal wall of the cavity near the apex. Arms connected by a thin umbrella reaching nearly or quite to their tips; very delicate and not well preserved; suckers small, flanked on either side by a row of rather large papilla-like cirri. Radula well developed, contrary to one of the supposed charac- teristics of the family Cirroteuthids. There are seven rows of teeth. Type.—Cat. No. 214317, U.S.N.M. From Albatross station 4393, near San Diego, California. Length (total) 99 mm.; to base of umbrella 58 mm. ELEDONELLA HEATHI, new species. Body smooth, inflated, of a semimembranous consistency; mantle opening very wide and full, extending slightly past the center of each eye. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1838. 589 590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Head short, broad, compressed; eyes very large, lens much pro- truding. Funnel thin walled and broad; the funnel organ consisting of a tripartite pad shaped like an inverted V, its apex free and flap like. Arms of moderate length, attenuate, the third pair much the largest and longest, the others nearly of a length; umbrella well developed; suckers in a single row, large, much elevated, and showing the peculiar constriction near the apex as observed in other species of the genus. Gills very large, comprising about eight lamelle. Type.—Cat. No. 214318, U.'S.N.M. From Albatross station 4396, off Santa Catalina Island, California. Length (total) 117 mm.; of mantle 50 mm. POLYPUS CALIFORNICUS, new species. Body of moderate size, short, rounded, compact; surface covered with numerous large stellate papillae which become smaller and nearly obsolete ventrally; above each eye a rounded flattened tubercle slightly larger than the rest. Head short and broad, separated from the body by a slight con- striction; eyes of moderate size. Funnel rather long, conical, broadly adherent to the head for the greater part of its length. Arms stout, moderately long, their length from two and one-half to three times that of the head and body; relative order of length variable; their basal quarter webbed. In the male the third right arm considerably shorter than the others; its hectocotylized portion large and prominent, narrowly and deeply channeled, the excavation distinctly rugose with numerous flattened transverse grooves and ridges. Suckers in two rows, rather large. Color in alcohol a pinkish brown. TypeCat. No. 214321, U.S.N.M. From Albatross station 4325, in the vicinity of San Diego, California. Length (total) 308 mm.; posterior tip of body to base of dorsal arms 89 mm. POLYPUS LEIODERMA, new species. Body of moderate size, wider than long; nearly smooth except for a few rather distant simple papillz on the dorsal surface, as well as a narrow (though distinct) membranous fold bounding the outer periphery. Head short and broad with large eyes. Funnel long and rather slender. Arms not very long, their order 1, 2, 3, 4, the dorsal pair decidedly the stouter and longer, the ventral the reverse; umbrella well devel- oped, extending between the dorsal and lateral arms for over a fourth of their length, but much shorter between the ventral pair; suckers in two rows, small, and relatively very numerous. No. 1838. SOME NEW PACIFIC CEPHALOPODS—BERRY. 591 Color very pale over the body; arms and umbrella darker. Type.—Cat. No. 214322, U.S.N.M. From Albatross station 4293, Shelikof Strait, Alaska. Length (total) 210 mm.; posterior tip of body to base of dorsal arms 45 mm. ROSSIA PACIFICA, new species. Body moderately small, sepioliform, with large subcordate lateral fins. Head large; arms stout and rather short, the order of length 3, 4, 2, 1; umbrella rudimentary; suckers spherical, oblique, in two rows at the base and tip of all the arms, but often extremely crowded along the middle where they are apparently ranked in three or even four rows. Both dorsal arms in the male hectocotylized, strongly recurved, their suckers greatly reduced, usually in two rows until just before reaching the tip, when they become more crowded; the bases of the suckers transversely compressed to form a series of rugose folds. Tentacles variable in size and proportion, the club but. slightly expanded; at the middle with about eight rows of small delicately toothed suckers. Type.—Cat. No. 214323, U.'S.N.M. From Albatross station 4233, Behm Canal, Alaska. Length (total) 74 mm.; length of mantle (dorsal) 32 mm. This species is nearly allied to &. macrosoma Delle Chiaje but appears to differ in a numbet of smal! details. LOLIGO OPALESCENS, new species. Body of moderate size, elongate, slightly swollen near the middle, thence tapering acutely to a rather sharp point; fins large, sagittate, about half as long as the mantle; mantle margin produced above into a prominent squarish rostrum. Head small, square; eyes large. Arms stout and rather short, unequal, the dorsal arms considerably the shortest; umbrella rudimentary, but keels and swimming mem- branes well developed, especially on the third arms where the ventral membrane becomes wider than the arm itself. Suckers small, notched above, regularly alternating in two rows; horny rings with 9 to 12 bluntly rounded squarish teeth. Left ventral arm of the male con- spicuously hectocotylized; along the proximal two-thirds of the arm the suckers are unmodified, but along the distal third their pedicels become greatly elongate and transversely flattened; also the cupules undergo great reduction although persisting to the tips, those of the dorsal row being the most modified. Tentacular club slightly expanded, with two lateral rows of small suckers and two median rows of large ones, the horny rings of the latter armed all round with about thirty-five small, rather elongate, bluntly conical teeth. 592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. Buccal membrane seven-pointed, each point bearing two rows of extremely minute toothed suckers. Gladius broadly lanceolate, thin, its margins little if at all thickened. Type.—In the Stanford University collection. From Puget Sound, Washington (shrimp fishermen). Ranges to San Diego, California. Length (total) 177 mm.; of mantle (dorsal) 132 mm.; of fins 61.5 mm. GALITEUTHIS PHYLLURA, new species. Body of moderate size, translucent, membranous, smooth; elongate and becoming excessively attenuate between the long narrow lan- ceolate fins; the latter as broad as the body, thin and leaf-lke; mantle firmly attached to the head at three points as in G. armata. Head small, rather elongate; eyes enormous, globular, sessile, with small openings. Arms moderately short, their order 4, 3, 2, 1, each bordered by a delicate hyaline swimming membrane. Suckers small, subspherical, with smooth horny rings. Tentacles long; the club slightly expanded and armed with twelve delicate hooks besides a few minute suckers at the tip; fixing apparatus consisting of a group of about eight small suckers and as many pads on the carpal portion of the club, whence two rows of minute flattened suckers and pads alternate in pairs down the stalk nearly to the base. Type.—Cat. No. 214325, U.S.N.M. From Albatross station 4529, Monterey Bay, California. Length (total) 350 mm.; length of mantle (dorsal) 230 mm. Very close to G. armata Joubin from the Mediterranean. FRESH-WATER SPONGES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.—PART V. A NEW GENUS PROPOSED, WITH HETEROMEYENIA RADIO- SPICULATA MILLS AS TYPE. By NELson ANNANDALE, Superintendent of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. The free microscleres (as distinct from those associated with the gemmule) have not been regarded as of much systematic importance by writers on the Spongillide, but there seems to be no valid reason why they should not be considered in defining the genera of this family. I propose, therefore, to recognize an American species (Heteromeyenia radiospiculata Mills) as the type of a new genus on account of the peculiarities exhibited by these spicules, and in so doing I may state that I am of the opinion that the genus Dosila Gray should be revived for the same reason, with Spongilla plumosa Carter as its type. ASTEROMEYENIA, new genus. Type.—Heteromeyenia radiospiculata Mills. Spongillidz which have birotulate gemmule spicules of two types and free microscleres in the form of anthasters. The anthasters of this genus and of Dosilia are probably not ho- mologous with those of most of the marine sponges in which spicules of the kind occur, but are produced by the secondary fusion of am- phioxous or rotulate microscleres. In Dosilia plumosa monaxon microscleres are sometimes found, while the tips of the branches of asteroid microscleres often approximate to the rotulate form. Two species, both confined (so far as we know) to North America, may be assigned to the new genus, namely Heteromeyenia radio- spiculata Mills' and H. plumosa Weltner.2 They may be distin- guished most readily one from the other by the form of the terminal 1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 1, 1888, p. 313. 2 Arch. f. Naturgesch., 1895, vol. 1, p. 127; see also Annandale, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1909, p. 405, fig. 3. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 40—No. 1839. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11——38 593 594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. spines of the longer gemmule spicules, for in A. plumosa these spines have a simple curve, while in A. radiospiculata the tips are distinctly recurved so that the whole spine as seen in profile has almost the form of a capital J. Both of these species appear to be rare. A. radiospiculata was originally described from Cincinnati, Ohio, and some fine specimens have recently been acquired by the U. S. National Museum from Granite City, Illinois. The largest of these specimens, which were obtained by Mr. B. Donaldson in the settling tanks of the city waterworks in August, 1910, measures no less than 42 by 12 by 8 cm.; they are all, in a dry condition, of-a dark gray color. The only lo- cality whence A. plumosa was hitherto known was Pinto Creek, Kinney County, Texas, but a very beautiful specimen from Shreve- ‘port, Louisiana, has recently been added to the National collection. It is almost circular in outline, nearly flat, and of a pale brown color in the dry state, measuring 28.75 by 24.7 cm. Both it and a speci- men of Trochospongilla leidyr found with it are permeated by the tubes of a bryozoon of the genus Plumatella. It was obtained, like the gigantic specimen of A. radiospiculata to which allusion has been made, from the settling tanks of the city waterworks, a situa- tion which might be expected to be favorable for the growth of sponges. A REVISION OF THE FORMS OF THE HAIRY WOODPECKER (DRYOBATES VILLOSUS [LINNAEUS)). By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, Assistant Ornithologist, Department of Agriculture. A cursory examination of the hairy woodpeckers (Dryobates villosus [Linnaeus]), made some time ago, showed conclusively that they were much in need of revision. This task I finally undertook, largely at the request of Mr. Ridgway, who generously placed at my disposal all the material he had gathered, and all the measurements he had made for use in preparing his account of this species for the forthcoming fifth part of his ‘‘ Birds of North and Middle America.” This material consists of altogether 1,070 specimens, and comprises the collections of the United States National Museum, including that of the Biological Survey; the American Museum of Natural History; the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts, including the Bangs collection; the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; and the Field Museum of Chicago. With this excellent series, which repre- sents all the forms of the species, most of them very satisfactorily, it has been possible to work out the distribution of the various races in considerable detail, which the accompanying map graphically represents. The hairy woodpecker, as a species, ranges from Alaska and northern Canada south to Panama, and has 14 currently recog- nized forms, which the present investigation increases to 20. It is preeminently a bird of the forest, and in eastern and northern North America frequents both lowlands and highlands indiscrimi- nately; but in the arid western United States and Mexico perforce, in Central America, apparently from choice, it is an inhabitant of the mountains. Most of the forms are sedentary, but three—Dryobates villosus septentrionalis, Dryobates villosus villosus, and Dryobates vil- losus harrisi—have a well-marked southward movement in autumn and winter. Nearly all conform very well to the boundaries of the life zones, as now understood, although they range usually through two or exceptionally even three zones. The distribution of a few of the PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1840. 596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. races is somewhat interesting, and is worthy of mention here. The Newfoundland bird, Dryobates villosus terraenovae, is most closely allied to Dryobates villosus leucothorectis,| from New Mexico and Arizona, and very different from the races that occupy the intervening 2,000 miles; while both Dryobates villosus harrist and Dryobates villosus picoideus, from Alaska and British Columbia, approach much nearer, in color at least, to Dryobates villosus hylobatus? and Dryobates villosus enissomenus,? from central Mexico, than to the races that are geograph- ically adjacent. The northern Bahama Islands are occupied by two forms, which have become differentiated, in the color of the lores, from all the other subspecies, probably by isolation. Furthermore, there is almost a regular increase of size toward the north, from the smallest race, Dryobates villosus extimus, of Panama, to the two largest, Dry- obates villosus monticola, of Montana and British Columbia, and Dryo- bates villosus septentrionalis of Mackenzie and Alaska. The adult female hairy woodpecker differs from the male only in somewhat smaller size and in the absence of the red occipital band. The juvenals of both sexes closely resemble the adults, except that nearly the whole top of the head is red. In the measurements given under the various forms, none but perfectly typical specimens have been used, except in a few cases where such exclusion was rendered inadvisable by the smallness of the series available; for to include intermediates in measurement averages manifestly obscures the differences that really exist. The length of the tail is less reliable than other dimensions, as it is in all woodpeckers, since, on account of the unusual amount of wear to which the feathers are subject, it varies greatly. All measurements are in millimeters. In the lists of specimens examined, each locality is to be regarded as a breeding station unless specific statement is made to the contrary. The following key may serve for an aid in distinguishing the various forms, in addition to setting forth their salient characters more clearly than do the descriptions. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF DRYOBATES VILLOSUS. a. Lores entirely white. b. Inner webs of outer tail-feathers without black spots. Dryobates villosus maynardt. b’. Inner webs of two or three outer pairs of tail-feathers with subterminal black SpOte: to28) Ss see. ee ere ee hs See te ee Dryobates villosus piger. a’. Lores partly black. b. Upper wing-coverts with many and conspicuous white spots. c. Size smaller; spots on wing-coverts smaller; lower parts less purely white. Dryobates villosus audubonsiét, ¢. Size larger; spots on wing-coverts larger; lower parts usually pure white. d. Smaller, wing of male usually less than 128 mm. (average, 120.9). Dryobates villosus villosus. 1 See p. 608. 2 See p. 617. 3 See p. 614. no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECK ERS—OBERHOLSER. 597 d’. Larger, wing of male usually more than 128 mm. (average, 132.4). Dryobates villosus septentrionalis. b’. Upper wing-coverts with few er no white spots. c. Lower parts white or brownish white. d. Lower surface pure white. e. Larger, wing of male averaging more than 130 mm. Dryobates villosus monticola. e’. Smaller, wing of male averaging less than 130 mm. J. Dorsal white stripe without spots or bars of black; superior wing-coverts with less white; size slightly smaller. Dryobates villosus leucothorectis. J’. Dorsal white stripe often with spots or bars of black; superior wing- coverts with more white; size slightly larger. Dryobates villosus terraenovae. d’. Lower surface brownish white. e. Larger, wing of male over 126 mm. (averaging 129.1). Dryobates villosus orius. e’. Smaller, wing of male less than 126 mm. (averaging 121.7). ye bilbmuch larger. 2255.2 cr -cire so oce 532 eee < Dryobates villosus hyloscopus. 7 e billima chismallers: | owen. Weis es Ye ee Dryobates villosus icastus, c’. Lower parts smoky brown. d. Lower surface lighter—usually light smoky brown. e. Larger; ventral surface paler............-..-. Dryobates villosus intermedius, e’. Smaller; ventral surface usually darker. Jf. Red occipital band of male wider; lower parts more rusty brown. Dryobates villosus fumeus. J’. Red occipital band of male more narrow; lower parts more grayish brown. Dryobates villosus enissomenus. d’. Lower surface darker—deep smoky brown. e. Light dorsal stripe and white tail-feathers more or less spotted or barred avy lo are cee scars ce pe ns Oe eso ae a eae Dryobates villosus picoideus. e’. Light dorsal stripe and white tail-feathers without spots or bars of black. jf. Larger (wing of male usually more than 125 mm., averaging 127.8 mm.; exposed culmen usually more than 29 mm., averaging 31.7 mm.); lower parts paler, more grayish, brown... .Dryobates villosus harrisi. jf’. Smaller (wing of male less than 125 mm., averaging under 124 mm.; exposed culmen less than 29 mm. _ ayeeaie under 28 mm.); eee parts darker, more rufescent, snow. g. Under surface lighter; size larger (wing of male more than 113 mm., averaging over 114 mm.). h. Smaller (wing of male less than 120 mm.). Dryobates villosus jardinit. h’. Larger (wing of male more than 120 mm.). Dryobates villosus hylobatus. g’. Under surface darker; size smaller (wing of male less than 113 mm., averaging under 112 mm.). h. Larger (wing of male usually more than 107 mm., averaging 109.4 mm.); dorsal stripe darker, more brownish. Dryobates villosus sanctorum. h’, Smaller (wing of male usually less than 107 mm., averaging 102.8 mm.); dorsal stripe paler, more whitish. Dryobates villosus extimus. 598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS VILLOSUS (Linnaeus). Picus villosus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 175. Picus leucomelas Boppagrrt, Tabl. Planch. Enlum., 1783, No. 345, fig. 1, p. 21 (Canada). Picus canadensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 487 (Canada). Picus leucomelanus WAGLER, Syst. Avium, 1827, Picus No. 18, p. 20 (Canada). Picus martini AupuBOoN, Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 4, 1838, pl. 417, figs. 1, 2 (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Picus philippsi AupuBoN, Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 4, 1838, pl. 417, figs. 5, 6 (Massachusetts). Picus martinae AuDUBON, Ornith. Biog., vol. 5, 1839, p. 181 (Toronto, Once Canada) (nom. emend. pro Picus martini AUDUBON). Picus villosus, var. medius Batrp, Rep. Explor. and Surv. R. R. Pac., vol. 9, 1858, p. 84 (Middle States [of United States]). Chars. subsp.—Size medium (wing of male averaging 120.9 mm.) ; lower parts white; upper wing-coverts heavily spotted with white. Description.—Adult male, No. 101565, U.S.N.M.; Chester County, Pennsylvania, January 6, 1885; B. H. Warren. Upper parts gener- ally, sides of head and neck, a broad malar stripe, wings, and middle tail-feathers, black; occipital band scarlet; nasal tufts grayish white; a broad superciliary stripe, a broad rictal stripe prolonged to the side of the cervix, a broad dorsal stripe, large spots on both webs of remiges, and on most of the upper wing-coverts, with all of the two outer rectrices (including the dwarfed outermost one), most of the third, and terminal portion of fourth, and entire lower surface of body, pure white. Measurements—Male:1 Wing, 118-124 (average, 120.9) mm.; tail, 65-77 (71.7); exposed culmen, 27-33 (29.4); tarsus, 21-23 (22); middle toe, 138-15.5 (14.5). Female:? Wing, 115-121.5 (118.6); tail, 69-78.5 (73.5); exposed culmen, 25-30 (26.9); tarsus, 20-22.5 (21); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.9). Type-locality— Racoon, New Jersey (ex Kalm). Geographical distribution Canadian, Transition, and Upper Austral zones of the eastern United States and southern Canada: east to the Atlantic coast; north to Nova Scotia; New Brunswick; Magdalen Islands, Gaspé Peninsula, and Rideau River (near city of Quebec), in southern Quebec; Emsdale, south central Ontario; and Moose Lake, southwestern Keewatin; west to Manitoba; central North Dakota; central South Dakota; central Nebraska; Dry Willow Creek (Yuma County) and Fowler, in eastern Colorado; and Lipscomb and San Angelo, in middle Texas; south to Mason, central Texas; Van Buren, central western Arkansas; Endy, southeastern Missouri; Odin, southern Illinois; Brookville, southern Indiana; Guthrie, south- western Kentucky; Huntsville, northern Alabama; Mitchell County, northwestern North Carolina; Washington County, southwestern 1 Twenty specimens, from New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and the District of Columbia. 2 Seventeen specimens, from the same localities. no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 599 Virginia; and central Virginia. In winter it occurs south to Raleigh, central North Carolina; Wheatland, southwestern Indiana; and Mount Carmel, southeastern Illinois. This, the first form of the species to receive a binomial name, is really an intermediate between the small Florida Dryobates villosus audubonii, on the one hand, and the large Canadian Dryobates villosus septentrionalis, on the other, from both of which it differs chiefly in size. The amount of difference between birds from Florida and those from Mackenzie, Canada, is, however, very great, and it seems much better to recognize three forms than to divide all the birds from the wide middle area between only two—a large northern andasmall southern race. Further division of these eastern birds does not, however, after careful study, appear to be advisable. Specimens from the States of New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, which are of practically the same size, seem most satisfactorily to represent the middle race, Dryobates villosus villosus, the type of which came from New Jersey; and these have, therefore, been taken to establish the standard of size. With this criterion, fairly satisfactory ranges may be worked out, which, in a general way, are seen to correspond to the currently accepted life zones. Examples from southern Ontario and from New Brunswick average noticeably larger than those from Pennsylvania and New York, the difference being about 4 mm. in the length of the wing, but they are evidently referable to D. v. villosus. Two breeding birds from southeastern Maine are large enough for Dryobates villosus septentrionalis (wings, respectively, 129 and 130 mm.), but sur- rounded, as they are, by smaller birds, it seems best to consider them abnormal individuals of D. v. villosus. Specimens from western North Carolina and middle and eastern Tennessee average smaller (2 to 3 mm. in length of wing) than typical D. v. villosus, and have also somewhat less white on the wing-coverts, but are nevertheless nearer this form than to Dryobates villosus audubonii. The hairy woodpecker was first described by Linnaeus as Picus villosus,! and based upon Kalm,? Catesby,? and Brisson.4 Kalm’s bird is from New Jersey, and represents the middle eastern race; Catesby’s from South Carolina, and thus the form now called Dryo- bates villosus audubonii; while Brisson’s is a mixture of the two, but applies chiefly and properly to the former. The first author to re- strict the name villosus was Swainson,® who described the small south- ern bird as Picus auduboni,® and called the more northern form Picus villosus. This arrangement has been generally followed by subse- quent authors; and there is no reason why it should now be changed. 1 Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 175. 4 Ornith., vol. 4, 1760, p. 48. 2 Resa Norra Amer., vol 3, 1761, p. 43. 6 Fauna Bor.-Amer., vol. 2, 1831 (1832), p. 306. 3 Nat. Hist. Carolina, vol. 1, 1731, p. 19, pl. 19. 600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. The Picus martini of Audubon,! from Toronto, Ontario; his Picus philippsi,? from Massachusetts; and his Picus martinae,’ are all refer- able to the present race, as their measurements clearly indicate. The Picus villosus, var. medius of Baird‘ also evidently belongs here. The status of Picus leucomelas Boddaert,> Picus canadensis Gmelin,® and Picus leucomelanus Wagler,’? which have commonly been referred to the large northern Canada race, are fully discussed under Dryo- bates villosus septentrionalis.® Of this form, 115 specimens have been examined, from the following localities: Keewatin.—Moose Lake. Manitoba.—lLake Manitoba; Carberry. New Brunswick—Gulquac Lake (Victoria County); Forks of Tobique River (Victoria County) ; Restigouche River. Nova Scotia.—Yarmouth; Wolfville; Newport. Oniario.—Toronto; Emsdale. Alabama.—Huntsville. Arkansas.—Van Buren. Colorado.—Dry Willow Creek (Yuma County); Lamar; Holly; Swink; Fowler. Connecticut.—W ashington; Lyme. District of Columbia.—Rock Creek; Takoma. TIilinois.—Grand Chain; Lewistown; Jacksonville; Worth; McHenry; Mount Carroll; Lake Forest; Mount Carmel.® Indiana.—Brookville; Wheatland.°® Towa.—Hardin County; Knoxville; Winnebago County; Delaware; Dickinson County. Kansas.—{No further locality.] Kentucky.— Barbourville; Lexington; Guthrie. Maine.—Sebec Lake; Upton; South Twin Lake (Penobscot County); Turkey Tail; Columbia Falls; King and Bartlett Lake (Somerset County). Maryland.—Finzel; Bittinger; Takoma; Prince George County ; Laurel; Jefferson. Massachusetts Newton; Cambridge; Brookline; Belmont; Way- land; Newtonville; Cotuit; Lincoln; Waltham; Lexington. Michigan.—Manchester; McKinley (Oscoda County); Kalamazoo County; Washington Harbor, Isle Royale. Minnesota.—Hinckley; Fort Snelling; Kittson County. Missourt.—Marble Cave; Thayer; Casto Valley, near Endy (Shan- non County); Spring Valley, near Endy (Shannon County). 1 Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 4, 1838, pl. 417, figs. 1, 2. 6 Tabl. Planch. Enlum., 1783, p. 21. 2 Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 4, 1838, pl. 417, figs. 5, 6. 6 Syst. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 437. 3 Ornith. Biog., vol. 5, 1839, p. 181. 7 Syst. Avium, 1827, Picus No. 18, p. 20. 4 Rep. Explor. and Surv. R. R. Pac., vol. 9, 1858, 8 See p. 604. p. 84. 9 Not breeding at this locality. no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 601 New Hampshire-—Shelburne; Epsom; Franconia; Hampton; Ossipee. New Jersey.—Cape May County; Egg Harbor; Tuckerton; Hobo- ken; Haddonfield. New York.—Steuricke; Canandaigua; Stamford; Highland Falls; Lake Grove; Plateau Mountain, Catskill Mountains; Chataugay Lake; Ithaca; Syracuse; Long Island; Saint Regis Lake; Leyden; Hilton (Monroe County); Kiskatom; Suspension Bridge. North Carolina.—Mitchell County; Raleigh. Pennsylvamia.—Shade Gap (Huntington County); Mapleton; Belsano; Greenwood Furnace; Ohio Pyle; Crumb; Kimbleville (Chester County); Westtown; Wilkinsburg; Riddlesburg; Carlisle; West Goshen; Erie; Coudersport; Leasuresville; Bear Lake (Warren County); Laughlinstown; Conneaut Lake; Spruce Creek; Cherry Spring (Potter County). South Dakota.—F¥ort Randall. Tennessee.—Lexington; Cross Mountain; Briceville; High Cliff; Rockwood; Roan Mountain. Texas.—Lipscomb; Cisco; Carbon; Eastland County. Vermont.—Clarendon. Virginia.—Prince William County; Gainesville; Falls Church; Washington County. Wisconsin.—Kenosha; Sayner; Solon Springs; Camp Douglas; De Pere; Beloit; Woodruff (Vilas County). DRYOBATES VILLOSUS AUDUBONII (Swainson). Picus audubonit Swarnson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., vol. 2, 1831 (1832), p. 306. Picus villosus, var. minor Barrp, Rep. Explor. and Surv. R. R. Pac., vol. 9, 1858, p. 85 (Southern States [of United States]). Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus villosus, but smaller; white spots on upper wing-coverts smaller and less numerous. Measurements.—Male:? Wing, 110.5-117.5 (average, 113.9) mm.; tail, 58-69 (65.1); exposed culmen, 26.5—-30.5 (28.3); tarsus, 19.5-21.5 (20.6); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.7). Female:? Wing, 108.5-115.5 (112.6); tail, 59-70 (64.8); exposed culmen, 25-27.5 (26.2); tarsus, 19-20 (19.5); middle toe, 12.5-14 (3.2): Type-locality.— Georgia, U.S. A. Geographical distribution.—Lower Austral Zone of the southeastern United States: east to the Atlantic seaboard; south to the Gulf of Mexico, and in Florida to Bassinger and Fort Meyer; north to Lake Drummond, southeastern Virginia; Raleigh, central North Carolina; Caesar’s Head, northwestern South Carolina; central Georgia; cen- 1 Not breeding at this locality. 3 Ten specimens, from Florida and southern Georgia. 2 Ten specimens, from Florida. 602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. tral Alabama; Burnsville, northeastern Mississippi; central Arkansas; and up the Mississippi and Ohio valleys to Cushion Lake, in south- eastern Missouri, Sugar Creek Prairie (Richland County) and Mount Carmel, in southeastern Illinois, and Wheatland in southwestern Indiana; west to Jefferson and Austin in eastern Texas. Birds from Florida are very small and have least white on the wing-coverts, representing thus the extreme development of this form, and for this reason we have used them as the basis of compari- sons. Specimens from southern Georgia, Louisiana, and eastern Texas are quite as small as those from Florida, but in South Carolina and North Carolina they become somewhat larger. A single adult male from Lake Drummond, Dismal Swamp, southeastern Virginia, is considerably larger, and verges toward Dryobates villosus villosus, but has a smaller amount of white on the wing-coverts, and seems to be nearer the present race. Breeding birds from the bottomlands of the lower Wabash Valley, in Richland and Wabash counties, southeastern Illinois, and in Knox County, southwestern Indiana, while somewhat larger than typical D. v. auduboni, are, nevertheless, nearer to this than to D. v. villosus; which latter form, however, occupies the neighboring uplands, and descends to the river bottoms in winter. I have examined 112 examples of this race, representing the following localities: Arkansas.—Mississippi County ; Armorel. Florida.—Enterprise; Whitfield; Mullet Lake; Kissimmee River at Fort Gardner; Arbuckle; Osceola County; Moses Creek; Pilot Town; Jacksonville; Winter Park; Hibernia; Lake Hatch-ne-haw; Kissimmee; Lake Kissimmee; San Mateo; Fort Thompson; Tarpon Springs; Magnolia; Welaka; Rosewood; Smyrna; Sebastian River; Hollyhill. Georgia.—LeConte Plantation, Riceboro; Washington County; St. Marys; Liberty County. Tilinois —Sugar Creek Prairie (Richland County); Mount Carmel; Mound City; Olive Branch. Indiana.—Wheatland. Louisiana.—Houma; Natchitoches; Belair; Mandeville. Mississippi.—Burnsville; Washington. Missouri.—Cushion Lake. North Carolina.—Raleigh. South Carolina.—Lanes; Kershaw County; Mount Pleasant; Aiken County; Port Royal; Ceesar’s Head. Texas.—Giddings; Hempstead; Sour Lake; Jefferson. Virginia.—Lake Drummond, Dismal Swamp. no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 603 DRYOBATES VILLOSUS MAYNARDI Ridgway. Picus insularis MAYNARD, Sale Catalogue Bahama Birds, Aug. 1, 1884, p. — (nec Picus insularis GouLD, 1862, qui Dryobates insularis [GouLp]). Dryobates villosus maynardi Ripaway, Man. North Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 282 (nom. noy. pro Picus insularis Mayrearay praeocc.). Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus audubonii, but lores entirely white, instead of mostly black; wing-coverts more heavily spotted with white; size smaller. Measurements—Male:1 Wing, 103-109 (average, 107.3) mm.; tail, 61.5-68 (65.2); exposed culmen, 26—29.5 (27.7); tarsus, 19-20.5 (19.8); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.7). Female:? Wing, 100.5-108.5 (104); tail, 61-68.5 (63.9); exposed culmen, 23.5-27 (25); tarsus, 17.5-19.5 (19); middle toe, 12.5-13.5 (12.8). Type-locality.—Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahama Islands. Geographical distribution.—Bahaman Upper Tropical Zone, on New Providence and Andros Islands, Bahama Islands. Specimens from the island of Andros are practically identical in measurements with those from New Providence Island. Forty specimens have been available, from the subjoined localities: Bahama Islands——Nassau, New Providence Island; Blue Hills, New Providence Island; south side of New Providence Island; Southern Bight, Andros Island; Staniard Creek, Andros Island; Nicol’s Town, Andros Island; Red Bays, Andros Island. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS PIGER G. M, Allen. Dryobates villosus piger G. M. ALLEN, Auk, vol. 22, 1905, p. 124. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus maynardi, but outer (long) tail-feathers usually with black spots on terminal portion of inner webs. Medsurements.—Male:? Wing, 105.5-110 (average, 107) mm.; tail, 62.5-65.5 (64); exposed culmen, 27.5-29.5 (28.5); tarsus, 20-20.5 * (20.3); middle toe, 12.5-14 (13.4). Female:* Wing, 100-109.5 (104.2); tail, 60-68 (63.3); exposed culmen, 22.5-27 (24.4); tarsus, 18-20.5 (19); middle toe, 12-14 (13)e Ty pe-locality.—Great Bahama Island, Bahama Islands. Geographical distribution —Bahaman Upper Tropical Zone, on Abaco and Great Bahama islands, Bahama Islands. While the character of spots on the rectrices, which distinguishes this race from Dryobates villosus maynardi, is not entirely constant, it is sufficiently so to warrant the recognition of Dryobates villosus piger. 1 Thirteen specimens, from the islands of Andros and New Providence, Bahama Islands. 2 Thirteen specimens, from the same two islands. 3 Six specimens, from the islands of Abaco and Great Bahama, Bahama Islands. 4 Twelve specimens, from the same two islands. 604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. Birds from Abaco Island are of practically the same size as those from the island of Great Bahama. Specimens examined, 19, from the localities that follow: Bahama Islands.—Abaco Island; Great Bahama Island. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS SEPTENTRIONALIS (Nuttall). Dryobates villosus leucomelas Auctt. rec., nec Boddaert. Picus septentrionalis Nurraui, Man. Ornith. U. 8. and Canada, ed. 2, vol. 1, 1840, . 684. roa villosus, var. major Barrp, Rep. Explor. and Surv. R. R. Pac., vol. 9, 1858, p. 84 (northern and western regions [of North America]). Picus cuvieri MALHERBE, Mon. Picidées, vol. 1, 1861, p. 85, pl. xxii, fig. 3 (North America). Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus villosus, but decidedly larger. Measurements.—Male:1 Wing, 128-138 (average, 132.4) mm.; tail, 77.5-87 (83.5) ; exposed culmen, 31.5-37.5 (35.8) ; tarsus, 22-25 (23.5); middle toe, 14.5—-16 (15.3). Female:? Wing, 128-136.5 (130.8); tail, 78.5-90.5 (84.8); exposed culmen, 29.5-33.5 (31.7) ; tarsus, 22-23.5 (22.7); middle toe, 13.5-15.5 (14.4). Type-locality Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan, Canada. Geographical distribution.—Hudsonian and Canadian zones of northern North America: east to the Eskimo River, northeastern Quebec [formerly Labrador]; south to Pointe de Monts (probably) and Temiskaming, in central Quebec; northern Ontario; southeastern and south central Keewatin; Fort Union, northwestern North Dakota; Glasgow and Big Snowy Mountains, in northeastern Mon- tana; southern Alberta; and Soda Creek (Caribou District), south central British Columbia; west to Fort Grahame, north central British Columbia; and Homer (Kenai Peninsula), middle southern Alaska; north to Fort Reliance, central Yukon; Lake Hardisty, cen- tral Mackenzie; Fort Churchill, central Keewatin; Moose Factory, northern Ontario; and the Hamilton River, northern Quebec. In winter it wanders southward as far as Rat Portage, western Ontario; Roseau River (Kittson County), northern Minnesota; Fort Randall, southern South Dakota; Harrison, northwestern Nebraska; Fort Keogh and Corvallis, south central Montana; and the Similkameen River, southern British Columbia. There is surprisingly little difference in size in this subspecies be- tween examples from Montana and those from Mackenzie and Alaska. Birds from northern Montana and central British Columbia have some- what less white on the superior wing-coverts, showing thus a tendency toward Dryobates villosus monticola. A single summer female from 1 Twelve specimens, from Montana, Saskatchewan, and Mackenzie. 2 Nine specimens, from Quebec, Alberta, Mackenzie, Yukon, and Alaska. ‘yo. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 605 Temiskaming, Quebec, is rather small, but altogether too large for Dryobates v. villosus, and doubtless represents the breeding form of that region. This is the southernmost breeding locality for Dryobates v. septentrionalis in eastern North America. This large northern hairy woodpecker has hitherto been called Dryobates villosus leucomelas (Boddaert),! apparently because of the Canadian habitat assigned; but an examination of the origin of this name shows this view to be erroneous. Boddaert based his Picus leucomelas? on D’Aubenton’s Planches Enluminées, No. 345, fig. 1; Buffon’s “Epeiche du Canada’; and Brisson’s ‘“Picus varius cana- densis’’*. Buffon derived his description wholly from Brisson, so the matter resolves itself into an identification of D’Aubenton’s plate and Brisson’s description. Fortunately the measurements given by Brisson, of which the most satisfactory is the length of the bill, and the dimensions obtainable from D’Aubenton’s drawing leave no doubt that the bird of both is altogether too small for the large race of northern Canada, and is none other than typical Dryo- bates villosus villosus of southern Canada and the northeastern United States. Boddaert’s name* becomes therefore a synonym of Dryobates villosus villosus. Gmelin’s Picus canadensis’ and Wagler’s Picus leucomelanus® have practically the same basis as Boddaert’s name, and are consequently identical in application. The earliest tenable subspecific term for the present race becomes, therefore, (Picus) septentrionalis of Nuttall,’ which is a new name for Picus canadensis Audubon,’ not Gmelin. Forty-four specimens have been examined, and the following locali- ties are represented: Alaska.—Homer. Alberta.—Canadian National Park; Grand Cache River, 70 miles north of Jasper; Grand Cache, Smoky River; Smith Landing, Slave River; near outlet of Athabaska Lake. British Columbia.—Soda Creek (Caribou District); Fort Grahame; Similkameen River.® Mackenzie.—¥ort Liard; Liard River; Fort Smith; Fort Simpson; Fort Providence; Fort Resolution. Ontario.—Toronto;* Rat Portage; ® New Liskeard. Quebec.—Temiskaming. Saskatchewan.—Wingard; Saint Louis. 1 Picus leucomelas Boddaert, Tabl. Planch. Enlum., 1783, No. 345, fig. 1, p. 21. 2Tabl. Planch. Enlum., 1783, No. 345, fig. 1. 3 Ornith., vol. 4, 1760, p. 45. 4 Picus leucomelas, Tabl. Planch. Enlum., 1783, p. 21. 5 Syst. Nat., vol. 1, 1788, p. 437. 6 Syst. Avium, 1827, Picus No. 18, p. 20. 7 Man. Ornith. U. S. and Canada, ed. 2, vol. 1, 1840, p. 684. 8 Ornith. Biog., vol. 5, 1839, p. 188. 9 Not breeding at this locality. 606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, 40. Yukon.—Fifty-mile River, Yukon River; Fort Reliance. Minnesota.—Roseau River (Kittson County).! Montana.—Big Snowy Mountains; Glasgow; Fort Keogh;! Cor- vallis.! Nebraska.—Harrison (Sioux County). North Dakota.—Fort Union; Pembina.! South Dakota.—Fort Randall.! DRYOBATES VILLOSUS MONTICOLA Anthony. Dryobates villosus montanus ANTHONY, Auk, vol. 13, 1896, p. 32 (nec Picus mon- tanus Bren, qui Dryobates major [LINNAEUS]). [Dryobates villosus] monticola ANtHony, Auk, vol. 15, 1898, p. 54 (nom. noy. pro Dryobates villosus montanus ANTHONY, praeocc.). Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus septentrionalis, but upper wing-coverts with few and small white spots or none. Measurements.—Male:* Wing, 130-137.5 (average, 133.3) mm.; tail, 78.5-89.5 (82.5); exposed culmen, 28-34 (32.6); tarsus, 22—24.5 (22.7); middle toe, 14-16 (14.7). Female:* Wing, 126.5-134.5 (131.1); tail, 71.5-87.5 (79.8); ex- posed culmen, 28-31 (29.5); tarsus, 21.5-23.5 (22.1); middle toe, 13.5-15.5 (14.3). Type-locality— Boulder County, Colorado. Geographical distribution.—Canadian and Transition zones in the Rocky Mountains of the United States and southern British Columbia: south to the town of Florida, in southwestern Colorado; and Pecos Baldy, central northern New Mexico; east to Chico Springs, north- eastern New Mexico; Pueblo, Denver, and Loveland, in eastern Colorado; Laramie Peak, southeastern Wyoming; Harrison, north- western Nebraska; Elk Mountain, western South Dakota; and Fort Keogh, eastern Montana; north to the Big Bend of the Mussellshell River, central Montana; Chief Mountain Lake, northwestern Mon- tana; and Lac La Hache, south central British Columbia; west to the Similkameen River, central southern British Columbia; Con- conully and Spokane, northeastern Washington; the Sawtooth Mountains and Bridge, middle Idaho; Parley’s Park (Wasatch Mountains) and the Uinta Mountains, in northeastern Utah; and Rio Blanco County and Montrose, western Colorado. This race differs from the eastern Dryobates villosus villosus as from Dryobates villosus septentrionalis, and additionally in much greater size. It nearly always has a little white on the wing-coverts, but this is sometimes absent. Birds from Montana have more of such white spotting than those from typical regions, and are more or less inter- 1 Not breeding at this locality. 2 Ten specimens, from Colorado, Wyoming, South Dakota, and Montana. 8 Hight specimens, from Colorado, Utah, Idaho, and Montana. no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 607 mediate between the present form and Dryobates villosus septentrio- nalis. Of this subspecies, 134 examples have been available in the present connection, these representing the following localities: British Columbia.—Similkameen River; Crater Mountain, Ashnola River; Vernon; Lac La Hache; Okanogan; Okanogan Landing; Okanogan Mission; between Penticton and Okanogan; Ashcroft; Kamloops. Colorado.—Estes Park; Rio Blanco County; Reed Mills; Montrose; Deer Creek; Fort Garland; Pueblo; Colorado City; Colorado Springs; Pagosa; Denver; Boulder; Loveland; Palmer Lake; Florida (La Plata County). Idaho.—Salmon River Mountains; Priest Lake; Bridge. Montana.—Stillwater; Saint Marys Lake; Summit; Bear Tooth Lake; Fort Custer; Lame Deer; Fort Keogh; Chief Mountain Lake; Hellgate; Jefferson River; Fort Benton; Cinnabar; Florence; Big Bend of Musselshell River; Darnall’s; Zortman; Bitterroot Valley. Nebraska.—Harrison (Sioux County); Squaw Canyon (Sioux County). New Mexico.—Tierra Amarilla; Pecos Baldy; Costilla River; Twin- ing; Tres Piedras; Cieneguilla; Arroyo Seco; La Jara Lake; Oak Canyon, Raton Range; Stinking Spring Lakes; Arroyo Hondo; Santa Clara Canyon; Chico Springs. South Dakota.—Elk Mountain. Utah.—Uinta Mountains; Parley’s Park (Wasatch Mountains). Washington.—¥ort Spokane; Usk (Stevens County); Conconully. Wyoming.—Powder River; La Barge Creek; Wind River Moun- tains; South Pass City; Devils Tower; Springhill; Shirley Mountains; Rawhide Butte; Fort Bridger; Laramie Peak; Green River; Pahaska; Valley; Head of Trapper’s Creek, Bighorn Mountains; Crook County. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS TERRAENOVAE Batchelder. Dryobates villosus terraenovae BATCHELDER, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, vol. 4, June 24, 1908, p. 37. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus monticola, but smaller; upper wing-coverts with somewhat more white; white dorsal stripe often spotted or irregularly barred with black. Measurements.—Male:! Wing, 126-133.5 (average, 128.4) mm.; tail, 80.5-90 (83.4); exposed culmen, 29.5-32 (30.7); tarsus, 21.5- 23.5 (22.4), middle toe, 15-16 (15.4). Female:? Wing, 122-128 (124.8); tail, 80.5-86 (82.8); exposed culmen, 25.5-27 (26.3); tarsus, 21.5-23.5 (22.2); middle toe, 14— 15 (14.6). Ty pe-locality.—Placentia, Newfoundland. 1 Six specimens, from Newfoundland. 2 Five specimens, from Newfoundland. 608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. Geographical distribution.—Canadian and Hudsonian zones of Newfoundland. As is the case with so many Newfoundland or Labrador races of birds, this hairy woodpecker is really much more like some of the western forms than it is like either Dryobates villosus villosus, or Dryo- bates villosus septentrionalis, the subspecies which lie geographically nearest. It is closest to Dryobates villosus leucothorectis 1 from New Mexico and Arizona, but differs in sightly larger size, particularly of the tail and middle toe; in having white spots on the wing-coverts, and often black spots or bars on the white dorsal stripe. It may readily be distinguished from Dryobates villosus villosus by its larger size, much less conspicuously white spotted lesser and middle wing- coverts, and the often black spotted or barred white dorsal stripe; and from Dryobates v. septentrionalis by the same color characters, as well as by shorter wing and bill. The mixture of black in the white dorsal stripe, a character shared by only Dryobates villosus picoideus, although not constant, appears in many specimens. In some examples of D. v. terraenovae, black spots on the tail-feathers may be noticed. We have seen 11 examples of this form, from the following localities: Newfoundland.—Codroy; Locke’s Cove; Humber River; Canada Bay. io DRYOBATES VILLOSUS LEUCOTHORECTIS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Much like Dryobates villosus monticola, but decidedly smaller; wing coverts practically always without white spots. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 196291, U.S.N.M., Biological Survey collection; Burley, New Mexico, September 19, 1905; N. Hollister. Upper parts generally, sides of head and neck, a broad malar stripe, wings, and middle tail-feathers, black; occipital band scarlet; nasal tufts grayish white; a broad superciliary stripe, a broad rictal stripe produced to the side of the nape, a broad dorsal stripe, spots on both webs of all the remiges except the tertials, small spots on a few of the upper wing-coverts, all of the two outer rectrices (including the dwarfed outermost one), most of the third, and terminal portion of the fourth, and entire under surface of body, pure white. Measurements.—Male:? Wing, 123.5-131 (average, 126.8) mm.; tail, 75.5-86.5 (79.4); exposed culmen, 28.5-33 (30.8); tarsus, 20—-22.5 (21.5); middle toe, 12.5-15.5 (13.8). Female:* Wing, 120.5-128 (123.6); tail, 73-83 (77.8); exposed culmen, 24-27.5 (25.9); tarsus, 20-22 (20.8); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.5). 1 See p. 608. 2 Sixteen specimens, from Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. 3 Ten specimens, from Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas. no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 609 Type-locality.— Burley, New Mexico. Geographical distribution—Canadian and Transition zones in the mountains of the interior southwestern United States: north to the Beaver Mountains, south central Utah; Shiprock, northwestern New Mexico; and San Pedro, north central New Mexico; east to the Capitan Mountains, east central New Mexico; and the Guadalupe Mountains, central western Texas; south to the San Andres Moun- tains and Silver City, southern New Mexico; and Weber Creek (Tonto Basin), central Arizona; west to the Hualapai Mountains, western Arizona; and Pine Valley, southwestern Utah. The present form differs from Dryobates villosus hyloscopus, of northern Lower California and southern California, in longer wing and tail, and in pure white lower parts. There is practically no difference in size between specimens from Arizona and those from most of New Mexico. Those, however, from southwestern New Mexico (Kingston, Cliff, Gila, and Mimbres to Rio Grande) are smaller, and thus intermediate in dimensions between D. v. leu- cothorectis and Dryobates villosus icastus,' but are pure white below like the former. Specimens to the number of 68 have been handled, by which the subjoined localities are represented: Arizona.—San Francisco Mountain; Trumbull Spring, Trumbull Mountain; northwest of Fort Defiance; Fort Whipple; near Flagstaff; Fort Verde; Pine Springs, Colorado Forest; Supai Village, Cataract Creek; Oak Creek (Yavapai County); Baker’s Butte; Prescott; Weber Creek, Tonto Basin; Little Colorado River, near mouth of Rio Puerco. New Mexico.—¥ort Wingate; Mimbres to Rio Grande; Silver City; Los Pinos; G.O.S. Ranch, Sapello Creek, Gila National Forest (Grant County) ; Manzano Mountains; Glenwood; Burley; Bear Spring Moun- tains; San Mateo Mountains; Summit of western end of Capitan Mountains; southwestern slopeof Capitan Mountains; southeastern slope of Capitan Mountains; Mount Capitan; Datil Mountains; Cloud- croft; Copperton; Cliff; Salinas Peak, San Andres Mountains; San Pedro; Kingston; Gila; Burro Mounte!>s; Shiprock; Fruitland; Zufi Mountains. Texas.—Guadalupe Mountains. Utah.—Pine Valley; Riverview (San Juan County). DRYOBATES VILLOSUS ORIUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Resembling Dryobates villosus leucothorectis, but larger; lower parts usually brownish white, instead of pure white. Description —Type, adult male, No. 161978, U.S.N.M.; Quincy, California, February 10, 1892; E. Garner. Upper parts generally, 1See p. 612. 80796°—Proc.N .M.vol.40—11——39 610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you, 40. sides of head and neck, a broad malar stripe, wings, and middle tail-feathers, black; occipital band scarlet; nasal tufts, a broad superciliary stripe, a broad rictal stripe produced to the side of the cervix, all of the two outer rectrices (including the dwarfed outer- most one), most of the third, and terminal portion of the fourth, with entire lower parts of body, brownish white; a broad dorsal stripe, spots on both webs of all the remiges except the tertials, and small spots on a few of the upper wing-coverts, creamy white. Measurements.—Male:! Wing, 125.5-132.5 (average, 129.1) mm.; tail, 69.5-83.5 (77); exposed culmen, 30-34.5 (31.9); tarsus, 21-24 (22.9); middle toe, 14-15.5 (15). Female:? Wing, 125-128.5 (126.3); tail, 78.5-83 (80.1); exposed culmen, 27-27.5 (27.1); tarsus, 21-22 (21.5); middle. toe, 14-15 (14.4). Type-locality— Quincy, California. Geographical distribution.—Canadian and Transition zones in the mountains of the Great Basin, western United States: north to south central Washington; east to Camp Harney, eastern Oregon; and the Ruby Mountains, eastern Nevada; south to Are Dome (Toyabe Mountains), central Nevada; and Placerville, central California; west to the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada in Butte and Tehama counties, and to Canyon Creek (Trinity County), middle northern California; and Fort Klamath, Diamond Lake, and Mount Hood, central Oregon. In winter it wanders casually west- ward as far as Puyallup, western Washington. This new race may be readily distinguished from Dryobates villosus monticola by shorter wing and tail, brownish-tinged lower parts, and the even less white-marked, nearly always unspotted, wing-coverts; from Dryobates v. harrisi, of the northwestern coast region, by the very much more whitish, less smoky brownish color of the under surface and all the other light portions of the plumage. Some indi- viduals of this form have pure white lower parts, and thus in color resemble Dryobates villosus leucothorectis, but their greater size will usually serve to distinguish them. Of this race, 99 examples, from the subjoined localities, have been seen: California.—Canyon Creek (Trinity County); Baird; Weber Lake; Weaverville; Mount Lassen; Carberry’s Ranch (east central Shasta County); Mount Shasta; Lyonsville; Carbondale; Payne P. O. (Tehama County); Warmcastle Soda Springs, Squaw Creek Valley (near Mount Shasta); Enterprise (Butte County); Blue Canyon, Sierra Nevada; Echo (Eldorado County) ; Quincy; Placerville; Fyffe; Mount Tallac; Glen Alpine; Fort Crook; Lumpkin Mills (Butte 1 Thirteen specimens, from California, Oregon, and Nevada. 2 Four specimens, from the same States. no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 611 County); Silver Creek; mountains near Camp Bidwell; Slippery Ford (Eldorado County). Nevada.—Truckee River; Glenbrook; Carson City; Are Dome, Toyabe Mountains. Oregon.—Fort Klamath; Camp Harney; Diamond Lake; Paulina Lake; Tule Lake; Mount Hood; Whiskey Creek (Klamath County). Washington.—Puyallup.t DRYOBATES VILLOSUS HYLOSCOPUS Cabanis and Heinee Dryobates hyloscopus CaBanis and Herne, Mus. Hein., vol. 4, pt. 2, 1863, p. 69 (note). Chars. subsp.—Like Dryobates villosus orius, but decidedly smaller. Measurements.—Male:? Wing, 118.5-125.5 (average, 121.7) mm.; tail, 70-76.5 (73.2); exposed culmen, 28.5-32.5 (30.6); tarsus, 21-22 (21.6); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.8). Female:* Wing, 114.5-122 (117.8); tail, 67-77 (73.7); exposed culmen, 26.5-28 (27.2); tarsus, 19.5-21 (20.4); middle toe, 12.5-13.5 (che) = Type-locality.—San José, California. Geographical distribution Canadian and Transition zones in the mountains of southern California and northern Lower California: south to the San Pedro Martir Mountains, northern Lower California; east to the Cuyamaca Mountains and the San Bernardino Mountains, central southern California; and the Grapevine Mountains, middle eastern California; north, in the Sierra Nevada, to the White Moun- tains; and through the coast ranges to Cahto and to Snow Mountain (Colusa County), in northwestern California. The subspecies Dryobates villosus hyloscopus, as here restricted, differs from Dryobates villosus harrisi in decidedly smaller size, and very much less deeply smoky brownish lower parts and other light areas. : Unfortunately the type of D. v. hyloscopus came from San José, California, in an area intermediate between the very small birds of northern Lower California and the large representatives of Dryo- bates villosus orius from northeastern California. In such a case it seems proper to consider, as we do here, the extreme development of the race as really typical, to which the type, like other interme- diate specimens, is referable. Examples from southern and central western California (San Diego County to Cahto) are, like the type, somewhat larger than those from northern Lower California (length of wing in the male averaging about 123.5 mm.), and verge toward Dryobates villosus orius. Birds from the Piute Mountains, southern California, are white below, and incline somewhat toward the Arizona Dryobates villosus leucothorectis. 1 Not breeding at this locality. 8 Six specimens, from the same locality. 2 Ten specimens, from Lower California. 612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. Ninety-two specimens of this form have been seen, by which the following localities are represented: California.—San Bernardino Mountains; San Jacinto Mountains; Pine Flats, on North Fork of San Gabriel River (Los Angeles County) ; Volcan; Santa Barbara; Santa Ysabel; southern Sierra Nevada; Pine Valley (San Diego County); Strain’s camp, San Gabriel Mountains; Sierra Madre Mountains (Los Angeles County); Piute Mountains (Kern County) ; Monterey; Pacific Grove; Santa Cruz; Nicasio; Cahto; Tejon Mountains; Fort Tejon; Tejon Valley; Paicines (San Benito County); Bear Valley (San Benito County); Snow Mountain (Colusa County); Mount Sanhedrin; Berryessa; Mount Whitney; Sargent; Preston Peak; White Mountains; Isabella, South Fork of Kern River; Kern River, 25 miles above Kernville; Walker Pass, western slope; Cuyamaca Mountain. Lower Californa.—Piiion, western slope of San Pedro Martir Mountains; La Grulla, San Pedro Martir Mountains; Hanson Laguna, Hanson Laguna Mountains; 60 miles south of Campo; Santa Ulalia. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS ICASTUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus hyloscopus, but bill much smaller, and wing slightly longer. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 163914, U.S.N.M., Biological Survey Collection; El Salto, Durango, Mexico, July 21, 1898; E. W. Nelson and E.A. Goldman. Upper parts generally, sides of head and neck, a broad malar stripe, wings, and middle tail-feathers, black; occipital band scarlet; nasal tufts, superciliary stripe, a broad rictal stripe produced to the side of the cervix, throat, breast, and upper abdomen, brownish white; a broad dorsal stripe, spots on both webs of primaries, and on inner webs of secondaries, with all of the two exterior rectrices (including the dwarfed outermost one), most of the third, and terminal portion of the fourth, lower abdomen, and crissum, creamy white. Measurements.—Male:! Wing, 117-128 (average, 123.5) mm.; tail, 67.5-76 (71.6); exposed culmen, 25.5-30.5 (28.1); tarsus, 20-22.5 (20.8); middle toe, 12.5-15 (13.6). Female:? Wing, 119-128.5 (123.6); tail, 70-82.5 (74.9); exposed culmen, 23-28 (25.3); tarsus, 18-21 (20); middle toe, 11.5-14 (12.9). Type-locality.— E11 Salto, Durango, Mexico. Geographical distribution.—Transition and Canadian zones in the mountains of northwestern Mexico and contiguous portions of the southwestern United States: north to Pinal County, southeastern Arizona; and Animas Peak (Animas Range), southwestern New Mexico; west to El Puerto, eastern Sonora; Sierra Madre near Gua- dalupe y Calvo, southwestern Chihuahua; El Salto, southwestern — 1 Seventeen specimens, from Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, and Zacatecas. 2 Ten specimens, from Chihuahua, Coahuila, Jalisco, and Durango. no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. — 613 Durango; and Sierra de Nayarit, eastern Tepic; south to Huajimic, southeastern Tepic; Bolafios, northern Jalisco; and Plateado, south- western Zacatecas; east to Carneros, southeastern Coahuila; Bus- tillos, west central Chihuahua; and Pacheco, northwestern Chi- huahua. This bird is decidedly smaller than Dryobates villosus leucothorectis, as well as noticeably smoky-tinged on the under surface, instead of pure white; and it is in size so very much inferior to Dryobates villo- sus ors, that it is readily distinguishable. Birds from Zacatecas, northern Jalisco, and eastern Sonora are identical in size with those from the type-locality in Durango. Specimens from Coahuila (Carneros and Sierra Guadalupe) are somewhat smaller—about the size of Dryobates villosus intermedius— (wing of male averaging about 118.5 mm.), but are so much paler below that they are best referred to the present race. Examples at hand from southeastern Arizona (north to Pinal County) and extreme southwestern New Mexico (Animas and San Luis ranges) are some- what less smoky brownish below, but average fully as small as those from Durango, and also belong here. The birds from Chihuahua, to judge from the six of each sex examined, are larger than those from any other part of the range of this subspecies and average as follows: Male.—Wing, 126.1 mm.; tail, 73; exposed culmen, 29; tarsus, 20.8; middle toe, 14.2. Female.—Wing, 124.8; tail, 75.6; exposed culmen, 25.9; tarsus, 20.1; middle toe, 12.6. Specimens examined, 48, from localities as below: Arizona.—Santa Catalina Mountains; Pima County; Pinal County; Huachuca Mountains. New Mexico. Animas Peak, Animas Mountains (Grant County) ; western side of San Luis Mountains, near the United States and Mexican boundary line. Ohahuahua.—sSierra Madre, near Guadalupe y Calvo; Colonia Garcia ; Pacheco; Rancheria de los Apaches; Mound Valley; Pifios Altos; 30 miles west of Mifaca; Bustillos; San Luis Mountains. Coahwila.—Sierra Guadalupe; Carneros. Durango.—El Salto; Arroyo del Buey. Jalisco. Bolas. Sonora.—El Puerto. Zacatecas.—Valparaiso Mountains; Plateado; Sierra Madre. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS INTERMEDIUS Nelson. Dryobates villosus intermedius Netson, Auk, vol. 17, 1900, p. 259. Chars. subsp.—Resembling Dryobates villosus icastus, but smaller, and much darker below. 614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. Measurements.—Male:1 Wing, 119-122.5 (average, 120.7) mm.; tail, 70.5-74 (71.8); exposed culmen, 28-28.5 (28.3); tarsus, 20-21.5 (20.8); middle toe, 13.5-14 (13.7). Female:? Wing, 116—-120.5 (118.2); tail, 74; exposed culmen, 25- 25.5 (25.2); tarsus, 20.5; middle toe, 138—-13.5 (13.2). Ty pe-locality.— Villar, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Geographical distribution.—Upper Austral Zone in the mountains of Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi: northeast to Victoria, Montelunga, Galindo, and Miquihuana, southwestern Tamaulipas; and southwest to near Jesus Maria, southwestern San Luis Potosi. Like the races of some other species that inhabit the region occu- pied by Dryobates villosus intermedius, this form has a rather limited distribution. Subsequent investigation may, however, somewhat extend its range. Six examples have been seen, from the localities that follow: San Luis Potosi.—Villar; mountains near Jesus Maria. Tamaulipas.—Miquibhuana; Victoria. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS ENISSOMENUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus intermedius, but smaller, and ventral surface darker. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 185785, U.S.N.M., Biological Survey Collection; Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico, May 25, 1903; E. W. Nelson and KE. A. Goldman. Upper parts generally, sides of head and neck, a broad malar stripe, wings, and middle tail-feathers, black; occipital band scarlet; nasal tufts, a broad rictal stripe prolonged to the side of the cervix, all of the two outer rectrices Gncluding the dwarfed outermost one) except a small basal spot, most of the third, and terminal portion of the fourth, throat, breast, and upper abdomen, light smoky brown, the tail rather paler; superciliary stripe, a broad dorsal stripe, spots on the interior webs of primaries and secondaries, and small spots on outer webs of same (except innermost seconda- _ ries), lower abdomen, and crissum, brownish white. Measurements —Male:* Wing, 111-121 (average, 116.7) mm.; tail, 64.5-77 (70.1) ; exposed culmen, 25—28.5 (26.4); tarsus, 20-21.5 (20.6); middle toe, 13.5-14.5 (14). Female: Wing, 111-116 (113.2); tail, 65-71.5 (69.1); exposed culmen, 20-24 (21.7); tarsus, 18.5-20 (19.2); middle toe, 12-13.5 CWS Type-locality—Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico. Geographical distribution.—Transition Zone in the mountains of southwestern Mexico, in the States of Guerrero, Michoacan, and 1 Three specimens, from the Mexican States of Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. 2 Two specimens, from the same States. 3 Six specimens, from the Mexican States of Michoacan, Guerrero, and Jaliseo. 4 Kight specimens, from the same States. no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 615 southern Jalisco: southeast to Amula and the vicinity of Chilpan- cingo, central Guerrero; north to Nahuatzin and Patzcuaro, northwest central Michoacan; and west to the Sierra Nevada de Colima, southern Jalisco. The present race is most closely allied to Dryobates villosus jardinii, from Vera Cruz, with which it practically agrees in size, but it is nearly always much paler on the sides of head and neck, on the dorsal stripe, and under surface. There are, however, occasional specimens which, at first sight, appear to be like D. v. jardinii, but these are never as deeply colored as the darkest examples of that form, or of Dryobates villosus hylobatus,! particularly on the posterior lower parts, throat, and light dorsal stripe. In having such a wide range of individual color variation this race resembles Dryobates villosus extumus. Four birds from the Sierra Nevada de Colima, southern Jalisco, are larger than the others examined (wing of two males averaging 119.5 mm.), and verge somewhat toward Dryobates villosus icastus. Of this form 14 specimens have been examined, from localities as follows: Guerrero.—Omilteme; mountains near Chilpancingo. Jalisco.—Sierra Nevada de Colima. Michoacan.—Nahuatzin ; Patzcuaro; Mount Tancitaro. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS HARRISI (Audubon). Picus harristi AupusBon, Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 4, 1838, pl. 417, figs. 8, 9. Chars. subsp.—Resembling Dryobates villosus enissomenus, but very much larger; lower surface more deeply colored. Measurements.—Male:? Wing, 124-136 (average, 127.8) mm., tail, 73.5-84 (78.3); exposed culmen, 29-35 (31.7); tarsus, 22.5-25 (23.4); middle toe, 15-16 (15.4). Female:* Wing, 120-128 (124); tail, 74-82.5 (76.9); exposed culmen, 26-31 (28.2) ; tarsus, 21—23.5 (22.1) ; middle toe, 14-15.5 (14.8). Type-locality—Near Fort Vancouver, State of Washington. Geographical distribution.—Canadian and Transition zones in the Pacific coast region of Alaska, British Columbia, and the northern United States: north to Chichagof Island and Chilcoot, southeastern Alaska; east to Boca de Quadra, coast of extreme southeastern Alaska; Hope and Agassiz, southwestern British Columbia; Keechelus. Lake and Fort Vancouver, western Washington; Portland and Crater Lake, western Oregon; and south (excepting Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, and the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia) to Humboldt Bay, northwestern California. In winter it wanders as far south as Monterey, central California. 1 See p. 617 2 Fourteen specimens, from Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California. %’ Twelve specimens, from the same localities. 616 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. This subspecies is remarkably uniform over its entire range, there being practically no difference in either size or color between birds from Alaska and those from northern California. Neither is individual variation as great as in most of the dark forms of the species. I have examined 120 examples of this race from the subjoined localities: Alaska.—Loring; near Killisnoo, Admiralty Island; Sitka; Howkan. British Columbia.—Agassiz; Goldstream; Port Moody; Comox; Lund; Huntington; Victoria; Departure Bay, Vancouver Island; Union Bay, Vancouver Island; Mount Lehman; New Westminster; Saturna Island; Roab’s ranch, Hope. California.—Carson’s camp, Mad River, Humboldt Bay; Crescent City; Nicasio;! St. Helena.? Oregon.—Portland; Tillamook; Crater Lake; Sumner; Beaverton; Columbia River; St. Helen; Logan; Seaside; Newport. Washington.—Suez; Tenino; Tacoma; Lapush; Neah Bay; Keeche- lus Lake; Mount Vernon; Kalama; Whidbys Island; Seattle; Hump- tulips; Fort Steilacoom; Nisqually Flats; South Park (King County) ; Shoalwater Bay; Ilwaco; Fort Vancouver; Ocosta. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS PICOIDEUS Osgood. Dryobates picoideus Osaoop, North Amer. Fauna, No. 21, 1901, p. 44. Chars. subsp.—Much like Dryobates villosus harrisi, but wing and bill shorter; white dorsal stripe more or less barred or spotted with black; white outer pairs of tail-feathers nearly always with black subterminal spots, occasionally even bars. Measurements.—Male:? Wing, 122.5-125 (average, 123.8) mm.; tail, 77.5-82.5 (80); exposed culmen, 26-27 (26.5); tarsus, 23-23.5 (23.3); middle toe, 15.5-16 (15.8). Female: * Wing, 121-127 (124); tail, 76-81 (79.2); exposed culmen, 25.5-27.5 (26.4); tarsus, 22-24 (22.6); middle toe, 14.5-15.5 (14.8). Type-locality—Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Geographical distribution.—Canadian Zone in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; and Prince of Wales Island, extreme southeastern Alaska. The birds from Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, are not typical of Dryobates villosus picoideus, but in color characters, chiefly those of the back, are somewhat intermediate between this form and Dryo- bates villosus harrist. The black spots on the inner webs of the white rectrices are a character that appears in only two other races—Dryobates villosus piger, and occasionally Dryobates villosus verraenovae. 1 Not breeding at this locality. 2 Two specimens, from British Columbia. 8 Five specimens, from British Columbia and southern Alaska. =. ee _ no. 1840. REVISION. OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 61% One specimen from the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, has black bars on the white outer tail-feathers, as well marked as in Dryobates pubescens. In its black barred or spotted dorsal stripe, Dryobates villosus picoideus resembles no other form of the species, excepting, curiously enough, Dryobates villosus terraenovae, from Newfoundland, and shows an interesting resemblance to some races of Picoides americanus. Eight specimens have been available, representing the following localities: Alaska.—Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island. British Columbia.—Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, Queen Char- lotte Islands; Skidegate, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS HYLOBATUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus enissomenus, but decidedly larger, and darker on lower parts. Description—Type, adult female, No. 154895, U.S.N.M., Bio- logical Survey Collection; Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico, January 1, 1893; E. W. Nelson. Upper parts generally, sides of head and neck, a broad malar stripe, wings, and middle tail-feathers, black; super- ciliary stripe, connected occipital band, small spots on both webs of primaries and most of secondaries, and on interior webs of innermost secondaries, creamy white; two outer rectrices (including the dwarfed outermost one) excepting a small basal spot, with most of the third, and the terminal portion of the fourth, light smoky brown; nasal tufts, a broad rictal stripe prolonged to the side of the cervix, a broad dorsal stripe, and the entire lower surface of the body, deep smoky brown. Measurements.—Male:' Wing, 123.5 mm.; tail, 75-77 (average, 76); exposed culmen, 26—27.5 (26.8); tarsus, 19.5-20 (19.8); middle toe, 13~14 (13.5). Female: ? Wing, 116.5-121.5 (118.8); tail, 71.5-75.5 (73.3) ; exposed culmen, 23-25 (24); tarsus, 20-20.5 (20.3); middle toe, 12.5-14.5 (13.6). Ty pe-locality.— Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico. Geographical distribution.—Canadian and Transition zones in the mountains of central Mexico, in the States of Mexico, Morelos, and western Puebla: north to the City of Mexico, central Mexico (State) ; west to the Volcan de Toluca, west central Mexico (State); south to Huitzilac, northwestern Morelos; and east to near Huejotzingo, cen- tral western Puebla. From Dryobates villosus intermedius this new subspecies may be distinguished by its somewhat longer wing and tail, shorter bill, and 1 Two specimens, from the Mexican States of Mexico and Morelos. 2 Four specimens, from the same States. 618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von, 40. very much more deeply smoky brown lower parts, dorsal stripe, and sides of head and neck. Adults of Dryobates villosus hylobatus examined are all very deeply colored, excepting one male from Ajusco, State of Mexico, which is indistinguishable in color from Dryobates villosus intermedius, but its large size indicates that it is properly referable to D. v. hylobatus as an example of extreme individual variation. Nine specimens examined, from the localities given below: Mexico.—Northern slope of Volcan de Toluca; Ajusco; City of Mexico. Morelos.—Huitzilac. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS JARDINII (Malherbe). Picus (Leuconotipicus) jardiniti MALHERBE, Rev. Zool., Oct., 1845, p. 374. Chars. subsp.—tlLike Dryobates villosus hylobatus in color, but de- cidedly smailer. Measurements.—Male:1 Wing, 114-118 (average, 116.2) mm.; tail, 67-74 (69.7); exposed culmen, 24—27 (25.6); tarsus, 20-21.5 (20.7); middle toe, 13.5-14 (13.9). Female:? Wing, 110; tail, 62; exposed culmen, 23.5; tarsus, 19; middle toe, 13. Ty pe-locality.—‘‘ Mexico,” i. e., central Vera Cruz. Geographical distribution—Canadian and Transition Zones in the mountains of eastern Mexico in the States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca: north to Las Vigas, central Vera Cruz; west to Mount Ori- zaba, eastern Puebla; and south to the city of Oaxaca, central Oaxaca. A single adult male from Mount Orizaba, Puebla, is very much paler below than other examples, and is practically identical in color with Dryobates villosus intermedius, yet it is much too small for that race, and is doubtless merely another instance of the great range of individual variation to which the dark races of Dryobates villosus are subject. The writer has seen no specimens from the State of Oax- aca, but records of the species from Tonaguia, central northern Oaxaca,’ and the city of Oaxaca,! belong probably under the present subspecies. The type of Malherbe’s Picus jardinu > was an immature bird, as its abnormally small measurements clearly indicate, and came from ‘“Mexico.”’ When this author subsequently more fully described the form,® he had other specimens whose measurements proclaim them 1 Four specimens, from the Mexican State of Vera Cruz. 2 One specimen, from the same State. 3 Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 18, 1890, p. 238. 4 Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 388. 5 Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 374. 6 Mon. Picidées, vol. 1, 1861, p. 103, pl. 25, figs. 4, 5. : | >» no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 619 to belong to birds from Vera Cruz rather than from the State of Mexico. It seems best, therefore, to restrict the name jardinw to the bird from central Vera Cruz. Five examples have been seen, from the subjoined localities: Puebla.—Mount Orizaba. Vera Cruz—Mirador; Jalapa; Las Vigas. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS SANCTORUM Nelson. Dryobates sanctorum Netson, Auk, vol. 14, 1897, p. 50. Chars. subsp.—Resembling Dryobates villosus jardini, but much smaller; ventral surface decidedly darker. . Measurements.—Male:1 Wing, 107-111.5 (average, 109.4) mm.; tail, 63-65 (63.9); exposed culmen, 23-25.5 (24.2); tarsus, 17-20 (19.2); middle toe, 13-14.5 (13.7). Female:? Wing, 99.5-108.5 (104.6); tail, 57.5-65 (60.9); exposed culmen, 20-23 (21.1); tarsus, 17.5-19 (18.3); middle toe, 12.5-13.5 (13.1). Type-locality— Todos Santos, Guatemala. Geographical distribution.—Transition Zone in the mountains of Chiapas, Mexico, and of Guatemala: west to Pinabete, southern Chiapas; north to San Cristobal, central Chiapas; and Vera Paz, Guatemala; and east to the Volcan de Fuego, southeastern Guatemala. This race is apparently little subject to individual variation. Specimens from the State of Chiapas, Mexico, are identical in size with those from Guatemala. Although first described as a full species, Dryobates sanctorum is clearly but a subspecies of Dryobates villosus, since all characters, by reason of the individual variation of contiguous races, ultimately fail to prove trenchant. Sixteen specimens have been examined, from the following localities: Chiapas, Mexico.—Pinabete; Juncané; San Cristobal; Canjob. Guatemala.—Volean Santa Maria; Hacienda Chancol; Calderas, Volcan de Fuego; near Tecpam. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS FUMEUS, new subspecies. Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dryobates villosus sanctorum, but very much paler below and on rectrices; dorsal stripe very decidedly more whitish—in fact, barely smoky except posteriorly. Description.—Type, adult male, No. 101240, American Museum of Natural History; San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua, April 6, 1907; William B. Richardson. Upper parts generally, sides of head and neck, a broad malar stripe, wings and middle tail-feathers, black; broad occipital band scarlet; nasal tufts, a broad rictal stripe produced to the side of the cervix, all of the two outer rectrices (including the 1 Seven specimens, from Guatemala and the Mexican State of Chiapas. 2 Seven specimens, from the same localities, 620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vow. 40. dwarfed outermost one) except a small basal spot, with most of the third, and terminal portion of the fourth, and the entire lower surface of body, somewhat rufescent smoky brown; superciliary stripe, broad dorsal stripe, spots on both webs of remiges (except outer webs of tertials and innermost secondaries), brownish white. Measurements.—Male:' Wing, 106-109.5 (average, 108.1) mm.; tail, 60-63 (61.6); exposed culmen, 24.5-26 (25.1); tarsus, 18.5-19.5 (19.1); middle toe, 12-14 (138.1). Female:? Wing, 101-108.5 (105.3); tail, 55.5-64 (59.8); exposed culmen, 21.5-24 (22.9); tarsus, 18-19 (18.7); middle toe, 13-13.5 (153): Type-locality.—San Rafael del Norte, Nicaragua. Geographical distribution—Upper Tropical Zone in the mountains of central northern Nicaragua. As at present known, this new race has a very limited range in northern Nicaragua, but it probably extends over much, if not all, of the mountain region of this country, and for at least a consider- able distance into the mountains of western Honduras. The record of Picus jardinia from Siquatepeque, Honduras, southeast of Lake Yojoa,? may belong to either Dryobates villosus sanctorum or Dryo- bates villosus fumeus. Of this form, twelve examples have been available, representing the localities below: Nicaragua.—San Rafael del Norte; Ocotal; Jinotega. DRYOBATES VILLOSUS EXTIMUS (Bangs). Dendrocopus villosus extimus Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, vol. 3, 1902, Jan. 30, 1902, p. 33. Chars. subsp.—Resembling Dryobates villosus fumeus, but much smaller, and lower parts darker. Measurements.—Male:* Wing, 97.5-106.5 (average, 102.8) mm.; tail, 54.5-63 (58.6); exposed culmen, 22-26.5 (24.9); tarsus, 19-21 (19.8); middle toe, 12-15 (13.8). Female:* Wing, 98-105 (102.1); tail, 49-64 (58.4); exposed cul- men, 20—23.5 (21.9); tarsus, 18-19.5 (18.7); middle toe, 12-14 (13.1). Type-locality— Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Geographical distribution.—Upper Tropical Zone in the mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama: east to Chiriqui, western Pan- ama; and northwest to the Volcan de Irazu, central Costa Rica. There is great individual variation in the shade of the lower surface in this race, from a very deep smoky brown to a color almost whitish; 1 Seven specimens, from Nicaragua. 2 Five specimens, from the same country. 3 Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 119. 4 Nineteen specimens, from Panama and Costa Rica. 5 Kighteen specimens, from the same countries. no. 1840. REVISION OF HAIRY WOODPECKERS—OBERHOLSER. 621 but both these extremes are exceptional. Birds from Panama aver- age very slightly paler below, and, in the male, slightly smaller, but these differences are too insignificant and too inconstant to warrant the recognition of another subspecies. The comparison of size can be easily made by means of the following average measurements: | XATS Nei Exposed r Middle Wing. ee culmen, Se toe. Nine males from Panama.............---.- LOU 7, 57.3 2or3 20.0 14.1 MNenimales\trom Costa Rica. 255.55 Jgses. «i 103.7 58.5 24.6 19.7 13.5 Hight females from Panama...........--.. 102.3 59.3 22.3 19.0 13.3 Ten females from Costa Rica..............- 102 57.8 21.7 18.5 ie} i I have seen 95 specimens of this race, from the following localities: Costa Rica.—Santa Maria de Dota; Volcan de Irazu; Rancho de Rio Jimenez, Volcan de Irazu; Burgos, Volcan de Irazu; Coliblanco, Volcan de Turrialba; La Estrella de Cartago; Las Vueltas de Dota; Lagunaria de Dota; Azahar deCartago; El Copey de Dota; La Palma de San José; Cervantes; Escazi; La Hondura; Ojuras de Terraba. Panama.—Chiriqui; Boquete. “SNUIT}X9 SNSO{[IA SazBqOAIG *9Z “SHUOULOSSIUO SNSOT[IA SOIBqOLIG. “eT *SNIIO SNSOT[IA 89}BCOAIG. “OT ‘Iastd snso[[IA sayeqodrq *¢ “SNOUING SNSOT[IA SayVqoAIG. “GT ‘SNIPOULIO}UL SNSOT[IA saIBqOAIG “FT madgosd ay SNSO][TA SaBqOAIC “6 ‘TIHO(NPN’ SNSOT[IA SoIBqOAIG *F “UMNIOJOUBS SNSOTILA S9}BQOAI(T “ST “SN4SBOT SNSOTIIA SayBqosaq “eT ‘snoproord Snsoy[IA sayeqodrq *8 ‘SHSO[[IA SNISOT[IA SoZRqoAICE “g ‘Trarparel snso[[iA sayeqosaq “LT ‘STPOSLIOYIOON[ SNSO]T[IA SoyBqoAIC, “ZI ‘ISMIVY SNSOT[LA Sayeqodrq *Z “OBAOUIBIIO] SNSO[[IA SOIBGoAI °7 *SNYBqOTAY SNSOT[IA soyBqodrq “gy “*B[OOTJUOUL SNSOT[IA SaIBqoAIC “TL ‘TpIBUAVUL SNSO][IA Soyeqodrg °9 “SI[BVUOII]U9}das SNSOT[IA Sa}BqoOAIG. *T “SNSOTTIA SALVEOAUNQ JO SalIOadSENG SHL 4O SSONVY SNIGS3YgG ‘Anis 09 1 Ser eet ICE "S1vog OL “Id OF "IOA ‘SONIGSROOUd WNSSNW TVYNOILVN °S "nN go 4709 > Sy i q $% aN Se ) 4 AS j x a | \ 2 2 f Y e FL h ‘ ‘J SS | ) YX en 7 : ae oa, ~/ Lal . ae ~ as as ke DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF AGA FROM THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES. By Harriet RicHarpson, Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U.S. National Museum. A new species of 4ga was collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fish- eries steamer Albatross in 1885 off the Atlantic coast of the United States. Only one specimen was obtained, the description of which follows: 42GA ORNATA, new species. Body oblong ovate, twice as long as wide, 8 mm.:4 mm. Head large, subtriangular, with apex obtuse, about twice as wide as long, a little more than 1 mm. long and a little more than 2 mm. wide. Eyes large, composite, composed of six rows of ocelli on the dorsal side and sep- arated at their anterior extremities by a distance of 0.5mm. The eyes are also con- spicuous on the ventral side of the head, show- ing several rows of ocelli. The first pair of antenns have the first two articles of the pe- duncle short and sub- equal; the third article is three times as long as the second; the flagel- lum is composed of 11 articles and extends to the post-lateral angle of the first thoracic segment and a little beyond the peduncle of the second antenne. The second antenne have the first two articles of the peduncle short and subequal; the third is as long as the first two taken together; the fourth is twice as long as the third; the fifth is one and one-half times as long as the fourth; the fla- gellum is composed of 16 articles and extends to the post-lateral angle of the third thoracic segment. Fig. 1.—/HGA ORNATA. X8. Fic. 2.—/EGA ORNATA. MAXILLIPED. X 653. PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1841. 623 624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. The first segment of the thorax is the longest and is a little more than twice as long as the second; the second, third, and fourth are subequal, each being 0.5 mm. in length; the fifth and sixth are subequal and each is a little shorter than the preceding segment; the seventh segment is the shortest. The last three segments have a row of small tubercles, set close together, on the posterior margin. All the segments except the first are furnished with epimera; those of the second and third segments do not reach beyond the posterior margins of their respective segments and are rounded posteriorly; the last four have the outer post-lateral angle produced, gradually increasing in length to the last, and all extending beyond the poster- Ny ior margins of their segments; the last three have small ~ tubercles on the posterior margins. All are furnished Fic. 3-24ic on: =9With a carina. Nata. First The first segment of the abdomen is almost entirely MAXILLA. X 653. . concealed; the following three segments are subequal and each has the posterior margin furnished with a row of small tubercles, set close together; the fifth segment is a little longer than any of the preceding segments and in addition to the row of tubercles on the posterior margin has a few on the dorsal surface about the middle. The sixth or terminal segment is triangulate in shape with the apex truncate and furnished with five small teeth, one in the median line and two on either side. The lateral margins of the segment are incised, the two anterior incisions extending only a short distance from the lateral margin, but the three posterior ones extend to the sides of the median furrow. The upper end of each incision is marked by a tubercle on the posterior side; there is also one on the anterior side of the first and third incisions at the | upper end. A row of small tubercles is also placed Cx at the base of the segment, extending from one ,,. 4 mgs onnama. side to the other. The inner branch of the uropoda — sxconp maxttua. is a little longer and wider than the outer branch pet and extends a little beyond the extremity cf the abdomen. Both branches are rounded posteriorly and crenulate. The first three pairs of legs are prehensile, the last four pairs ambulatory. Only one specimen was obtained by the Albatross in 1885 from the Atlantic Ocean off the southern coast of the United States. It was found parasitic on the Red Porgy (Pagrus pagrus). The type is Cat. No. 42377, U.S.N.M. THE HOTHOUSE MILLIPED AS A NEW GENUS. By O. F. Cook, Custodian of Myriapoda, U.S. National Museum. NOTES ON THE HABITS OF MILLIPEDS. Most of the species of millipeds are localized in definite areas, often of very limited extent. A few species have attained a cosmopolitan distribution in the tropics, and one of these has established itself in many hothouses in Europe and America. The hothouse conditions are evidently quite congenial for this species, to judge from the abun- dance of individuals. They are sometimes accused of attacking the plants, though seldom convicted of any serious damage. They often feed upon tissues killed by fungi or insect pests and are likely to be looked upon as the cause of injury, instead of being recognized as harmless scavengers. The mouthparts of millipeds are not adapted for biting or chew- ing, but are equipped with minute scrapers and combs for collecting soft, decaying materials. Dead or dying tissues are preferred. The only living plants that are regularly eaten by millipeds are the fleshy fungi. Some of the native millipeds in the vicinity of Washington, District of Columbia, feed to a considerable extent upon the local species of Amanita, Russula, and Lactarvus. Damage is sometimes done to other plants when millipeds gain access to wounded surfaces of roots or cuttings. Healing may be prevented or cuttings may be kept from rooting by continual scraping of the exposed surfaces. In nature at large the millipeds have a share in the beneficial work of reducing dead plant material to humus. Prussic acid and other corrosive secretions may aid in the precipitation of colloidal substances in the humus, in addition to the protection that they give by render- ing the millipeds distasteful to birds and other animals that might otherwise feed upon them. The precipitation of the colloids enables the millipeds to keep their bodies clean and protects them against the clogging of their spiracles. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1842. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol 40—11——40 625 626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, 40. In relation to the soil there is a notable contrast between the habits of millipeds in the Central American region and in West Africa. Owing, perhaps, to the great abundance of termites, the African for- ests have very slight superficial accumulations of dead leaves and humus. The soil remains relatively open and noncolloidal, and is inhabited by numerous species of millipeds. In the forests of tropi- cal America the termites effect no such complete destruction of the dead leaves and other vegetable débris, which accumulate and decay on the surface. The underlying soils are generally much more colloidal than in Africa and the milliped population is generally sparse, or often lacking altogether, especially after the land has been under cultivation for a few years. SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE HOTHOUSE MILLIPED. The hothouse milliped was first described in 1847 by C. L. Koch as Fontaria gracilis, but has still to find a satisfactory place in generic classification. In addition to the original reference to Fontaria, the species figures in literature under two other generic names, Paradesmus and Orthomorpha, but none of these names seems to find a correct application to the animal in question. In 1872 Humbert and Saussure referred Koch’s species to the old genus Polydesmus, as a member of a subgenus Paradesmus, that had been established by Saussure for other species in 1859. In Latzel’s monograph of the Austro-Hungarian myriapoda, published in 1884, the same course was followed, except that Paradesmus was recog- nized as an independent genus. The next change was made in 1893 when Bollman discovered the preoccupation of the name Paradesmus and proposed Orthomorpha as a substitute. Hence the species has been called, by all recent writers, Orthomorpha gracilis. The unfortunate necessity of a fur- ther change arises from the fact that Bollman’s new name was pro- posed as a direct substitute for Paradesmus, and is therefore limited in its application to the genus to which the original type of Parades- mus belongs. DESIGNATION OF THE TYPE OF PARADES MUS. The determination of the type of Paradesmus carries us back to the original treatment of the subgenus by Saussure. Several species were included, though none that recent authors have treated as congeneric with the hothouse milliped. Pocock has recently pro- posed, in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, to designate as the type of Paradesmus (and Orthomorpha), an East Indian species, O. blavn- villei. This designation can hardly be accepted, in view of the fact that blainvillei was placed by Saussure in one of the two divisions of Paradesmus that were indicated as forming transitions to other sub- no. 1842. HE HOTHOUSE MILLIPED AS A NEW GBENUS—COOK. 627 genera, and are therefore not to be reckoned as typical members of the subgenus Paradesmus. The remaining division, containing the genuine examples of Paradesmus, consisted of three species, klugii Brandt, erichsont Brandt, and picteti Saussure. The first of these should be considered as the true type of Paradesmus, and hence of Orthomorpha as well. The propriety of this treatment is not affected by the fact that Humbert and Saussure used the typical species of Paradesmus, ten years later, as the basis of a new subgenus, Pachyurus. Bollman found that this name also was preoccupied, and proposed to replace it by Polylepis. In reality Orthomorpha was a sufficient substitute for both Paradesmus and Pachyurus, since both these names were proposed originally for the same species. APPLICATION OF THE NAME ORTHO MORPHA. In view of the preceding facts, it appears that the name Ortho- morpha is applicable to a Central American genus of millipeds, with O. klugu (Brandt) as the typical species, replacing Amplinus Attems, at least for the Central American species. Attems proposed this ‘name for a subgenus of Pachyurus, with a Peruvian species, P. kalonotus, as the type. Pocock has adopted Amplinus as the generic name of the Central American group to which Orthomorpha klugit belongs. > ORTHOMORPHA POCOCKI, new species. Amplinus klugi Pococxr, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Diploda, p. 152, pl. 2, figs. 5c—5e, 1910. Not Polydesmus klugii BRANDT, Recueil Mem. Myriop., p. 133, 1841. The species described and illustrated as Amplinus klugi in the Biologia is not to be considered as the type of the genus Orthomorpha. The figures of the gonopods evidently do not represent the same species as Brandt’s type of klugw in the Berlin Museum. The draw- ines show that the gonopods are relatively short and robust, with the two terminal prongs also rather short, nearly equal, and strongly ineurved or connivent. In the true Orthomorpha klugu the gonopods are much longer and more tapering, with longer, more unequal, and only slightly curved prongs. Tracings of the gonopods of the type specimen of klugit at Berlin are much more similar to Pocock’s figures representing Orthomorpha areata and O. flavicornis than to those of O. pococki. The drawings of this species in the Biologia represent a specimen from Jalapa, Mexico, in the British Museum, which may be considered as the type of the new species. The type-specimen of O. klugit is supposed to have been collected by Deppe at Alvarado, in the State of Vera Cruz. Four other species of Orthomorpha are known from Mexico, O. palicaudatus (Attems), 0. erichsoniit (Brandt), O. armatus (Pocock), and O. triramus (Pocock). Three species are credited to Guatemala, O. nitidus (Broelemann), 628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 40. O. palicaudatus (Attems), and O. areatus (Pocock). Other Central American countries are not yet represented in the genus Ortho- morpha, except Costa Rica, with a single species, O. convexus (Carl). Pocock’s suggestion that O. erichsonw is probably a synonym of O. klugv is unfortunate. A comparison of the types of the two species at Berlin showed that the gonopods were very different, those of O. erichsonw having three prongs, somewhat as in O. tri- ramus, but considerably longer and more nearly equal and parallel. Saussure’s Polydesmus picteti, the third of the species originally referred by that author to the typical section of his subgenus Para- desmus, is also placed by Pocock as a synonym of klugiw, but may prove to be a distinct species. A NEW GENERIC NAME FOR THE HOTHOUSE MILLIPED. The complications that attend the application of the generic name Orthomorpha to Central American species should not affect the status of the hothouse milliped. None of the previously applied generic names being available, this species remains to be treated as the type of a new genus, for which the name Ozidus is proposed, im allusion to the repugnatorial secretion of prussic acid. This milliped served as the basis of the first chemical investigation of the nature of the secretion. Although the animal is perhaps the most common and widely distributed representative of the whole class Diplopoda, several characters available for generic diagnosis seem to have been over- looked. OXIDUS, new genus. Genotype.—Fontaria gracilis C. L. Koch, a species widely distrib- uted in the tropics and in hothouses. First described. from a hot- house in Austria. Original habitat unknown, but supposed to be in the East Indies. Present description based on specimens col- lected in greenhouses of the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Cat. No. 810, U.S.N.M. Diagnosis.—Antenne inserted low down and close together; first segment enlarged, second and third segments reduced; posterior subsegments crossed by a deep transverse impression; constriction between the subsegments deep and strongly beaded; lateral carinze strongly margined with a prominent setiferous tubercle near the anterior corner; repugnatorial pores distinctly lateral, behind the middle of the segments, with distinct raised rims; posterior segments scarcely shortened; last segment with two transverse rows of setifer- ous tubercles, the apex with two large rounded, nonsetiferous tubercles; sterna with median and transverse impressions and a broadly conic tubercle at the base of each leg; spiracles with expanded no. 1842. THH HOTHOUSE MILLIPED AS A NEW GENUS—OOOK. 629 auriculate rims; legs of males tuberculate on the lower surfaces of the last two joints; gonopods with second joint robust, ending in four strongly curved simple prongs. Description.—Body small and depressed, oblong, slender, over eight times as long as wide. Head strongly convex, prominent; vertex evenly rounded, smooth, with a deep median furrow to near the level of the antenne; a few setiferous punctations on each side of the furrow; hirsute between and below the antennez, also punctate and transversely rugulose; labrum with three distinct teeth in a shallow emargination, bordered by two regular rows of setiferous punctations. Antenne inserted low down, separated by only about the width of one of the sockets; rather slender filiform, or the terminal joints slightly thicker, jomts 2-6 nearly equal in length. First segment somewhat wider than the head, transversely oblong, over twice as broad as long, anterior and posterior corners rounded, _ especially the former; anterior margin with a fine raised rim, broader and more prominent on the sides; surface evenly convex, with a trans- verse row of ten setiferous punctations near the anterior margin and a second row of two punctations a little behind the middle. Lateral punctations of anterior row mounted on the raised margin. Segments 2 and 3 much shorter than the others, only about half as long as segment 1; lateral carinz of segment 2 depressed below the level of the others and prolonged in front under the posterior corners of segment 1. Segment 4 intermediate in length between 3 and 5 and with a transverse dorsal impression wanting on segments 2 and 3. Subsequent segments with dorsal surface nearly smooth, somewhat rugulose and very minutely striolate longitudinally, under sufficient magnification; marked with a slight median impression and a deep transverse furrow across the middle of the posterior subsegments. Each segment with a transverse row of six bristles near the anterior margin, the lateral pair of bristles on the raised rims of the carine. Lateral carine nearly horizontal, rather narrow, less than one- fourth as wide as the body cavity, with distmct raised margins; anterior corners rounded, the posterior nearly a right angle on anterior segments, becoming more produced and somewhat spini- form on posterior segments; lateral edge of carine nearly straight, but abruptly narrowed behind a setiferous tubercle near the anterior corner. Repugnatorial pores inserted in small lateral excavations of seg- ments, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-19; margins of poriferous carinz some- what thickened, especially underneath the pores, but the pores not indicated from above, except that the lateral margin is usually dis- tinctly sinuate above the pore. 630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40, Anterior subsegments covered with a rather regular minute reticu- lation of raised lines; separated from the posterior subsegment by a very deep, abrupt, and distinctly beaded transverse constriction. Reticulation interrupted a little in front of the constriction by a deli- cate transverse impressed line. Pleurs roughened with scattered granules, thickened below into an_ oblique ridge, sharply angled behind, especially on anterior segments. — Penultimate segment scarcely shortened, but the carine distinctly smaller and less acutely produced; not transversely impressed like the preceding segments, but with a pair of bristles on the posterior part of the segment in addition to the six anterior bristles. Last segment nearly twice as long as the exposed part of the penulti- mate, the projecting apex rather large, about as long as broad, ending in a pair of prominent rounded, nonsetiferous tubercles separated by a distinct notch with two pairs of setiferous punctations. A trans- verse row of four bristles in front of the apex, one pair dorsal, the other lateral, another transverse row of eight bristles near the middle of the segment, two pairs dorsal and two pairs lateral, near the upper corners of the anal valves. Anal valves rather flat, but distinctly convex in the middle, with distinctly compressed raised margins; two setiferous tubercles dis- tinct from the margins. Preanal scale nearly as long as broad, convex, distinctly angled by the prominent setiferous tubercles that equal or exceed the scarcely produced apex. Sterna smooth, rather sparsely hirsute, with a distinct but grad- ually sloping cruciform impression; a small broadly conic tubercle or spine at the base of each leg, directed caudad. Spiracles with large ear-like expanded rims on the outer side, especially the anterior pair of each segment. Coalesced pleure of second segment of male with a median process in front and behind; those of the third segment of the female with a median process in front. Legs of moderate length, rather robust; joints 3 and 6 the longest, - subequal, all the joints moderately hirsute, at least on the ventral _ surface; joints 5 and 6 also tuberculate on the ventral surface in the male, but not provided with cushions of dense hairs. Seminal ducts opening in small pores on the rounded mesial corners of the basal joints of the second pair of legs. Gonopodsrathershort, accommodated by aslight excavation between the bases of the seventh pair of legs; aperture without a raised rim; basal joint prominent; apical joint with a very short, cushion-like hirsute base, a robust, obconic slightly curved shaft, and four terminal curved prongs, a short one projecting mesad, and two much larger projecting distad, but strongly incurved and decurved; the shorter of the two rises from a slender base and expands into a thin oblique, triangular decurved blade; the longer prong rises from a rather broad, — 3 i No. 1842. THE HOTHOUSE MILLIPED AS A NEW GENUS—cooK. 631 tapering base, curves around the more slender prong and ends in two diverging plates. The fourth prong, carrying the seminal duct, is simple and very slender. It rises from the anterior or dorsal face of the shaft, curves abruptly forward, enters the base of the third prong, and remains inclosed for nearly its entire length, only the tip emerging at the side of the proximal plate of the third prong. The general form of the gonopods is fairly well shown in Latzel’s figure, though somewhat conventionalized, except for the treatment of the third prong that sheaths the seminal duct. The sheath is formed by infolding of the edges along the convex outer margin, which appears completely closed in Latzel’s figure. OXIDUS GRACILIS (C. L. Koch). Fontana gracilis C. L. Koer, System der Myriopoden, p. 142, 1847; Die Myriopoden, vol. 2, p. 51, pl. 85, fig. 173, 1863. Paradesmus gracilis Larzen, Myr. der Oest.-Ung. Mon., vol. 2, p. 162, pl. 6, fig. 70, 188+. Paradesmus dasys BOLLMANN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 10, p. 619, 1887. Orthomorphea gracilis Botumann, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 197, 1893.—Pococr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 15, p. 354, 1895.—Arrems, Denkschr, kais. Acad. Wiss., Wien, vol. 47, p. 387, 1898.—Pocock, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Diplopoda, p. 160, 1909, Length of males 19.21 mm., width 2.2 mm.; females 20-22 mm. by 2.5 mm. Living colors of adult: Dorsum deep chestnut brown or black, the carine bordered with lemon yellow, the sides chestnut brown, sterna and basal joints of legs pallid; distal joints of legs and apex of last segment of body rather pale, but distinctly tinged with brown; antenne and vertex dark brown, darker than other parts of the head. Young individuals are paler brown and lack the yellow color of the ears. The yellow also disappears in alcohol, leaving the carine pale like the ventral surfaces. In some specimens the carine of the second segment are much darker than the others. The three characters used by Bollman in the diagnosis of Paradesmus dasys, the tubercles of the legs of males, the hairs of the vertex, and the two rows of bristles on the first and penultimate segments, are present, apparently, in all specimens of gracilts. The fact that they had been overlooked by previous writers seems to have been the occasion of the naming of the new species. Bae DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF JAN- IRIDZ FROM THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC. By Harrier Ricuarpson, Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U. S. National Museum. In the material collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the Northwest Pacific in 1906 there was a single specimen representing a new -genus and species of Janiride. This specimen has only recently turned up, so was not included in my earlier report! on the isopoda of that collection. J AZ RELLA, new genus. Head produced in the middle of the front in an extremely long rostrum. Antero-lateral angles also produced in an extremely long process on either side. Lateral margins of head produced on either side in an elongate process. Eyes large, conspicuous and situated some distance from the lateral margin. First segment: of the thorax produced on either side in a single long triangular process, similar to the lateral process of the head. The following six segments have the lateral margins produced on either side in two narrow elongate processes, equal in length to the lateral process of the first segment. Abdomen consisting of a single large segment, the posterior margin of which is produced in two long processes, posteriorly directed, and the lateral margins of which are furnished on either side with a single long triangular process. Uropoda, with a short peduncle and two slightly unequal branches, are placed between the two posterior processes of the abdomen. Head, first three and last three segments of the thorax ornamented with two sharp spines, one on either side of the median line. Fourth segment of thorax furnished with four spines, two on either side of the median line, in longitudinal series. There is one spine on the anterior portion of the abdomen in the median line. 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1909, pp. 75-129. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1843. 633 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40, The legs of the first pair are prehensile, of the following six pai ambulatory. The type of the genus is Jzrella armata, new species. This genus is closer to Jolella (as represented especially by I. spinosa (Harger), J. speciosa (Bovallius), and J. glabra Richardson) than to any other genus of the family, but differs from it in having the antero- lateral angles of the head as well as the lateral margins produced in| triangular processes; in having the last _ \ three segments of the thorax produced in = \ two elongate processes instead of one; in” i having the abdomen produced in two pos- | terior triangular processes and two lateral triangular processes instead of the two \ 2 4 posterior triangular expansions found in tee Me that genus; and in having four spines on es the fourth segment of the thorax. This | genus may also be compared with Rhacura | Richardson,! Acanthaspida Stebbing,” Jolan- : the Beddard,* and Janthopsis Beddard.* JZZRELLA ARMATA, new species. Body oblong-ovate. Head with anterior margin produced i | the middle in an extremely long rostrum, | ending acutely. Antero-lateral angles also_ produced forward in extremely long pro- cesses, one on either side, almost as lon as the rostrum. Below these the later margin is produced on either side in a long process, extending almost as far as the antero-lateral process. Eyeslarge, rounded, and situated some distance from the lateral ae yee Sen nc margin, on the posterior half of the head. Between the eyes on the dorsal surface are two long sharp spines, one on either side of the median line. The | first pair of antenne extend to the middle of the last peduncular| article of the second pair of antenne. The second pair of antenne have the first four articles short and about equal in length; the! fifth is a little longer than the first four taken together; the sixth is a little longer than the fifth; the flagellum is broken in the only specimen. 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, 1908, pp. 72-74. 2 Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, XIV, Zoology, Crust., vol. 1, 1885, pp. 119-121, pl. 10, figs. 27-80. 3 Challenger Report, Zool., vol. 17, pt. 48, 1886, pp. 15-18, pl. 4, figs. 9-14; pl. 5, figs. 1-4. 4Tdem, p. 15, pl. 5, fig. 5. Also Studer, Abh. k. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,1883, pp. 10-12, pl. 1, fig. 2. \ no.1843. A NHW ISOPOD GENUS AND SPECIES—RICHARDSON 635 The first segment of the thorax has the lateral margins produced on either side in one extremely long process, which is as long as the lateral process of the head. The following six segments each have the lateral margins produced on either side in two extremely long processes, as long as those of the first segment. The first three segments and the last three segments each have two sharp spines on the dorsal surface, one on either side of the median line. The fourth segment has four spines, two on either side of the median line in longitudinal series. The abdomen is composed of a single large segment. Its posterior margin is produced in two long processes, one on either side of the median line, and its lateral margins are produced in a single long process on either side, posteriorly directed and situated about half the distance from the base to the extremity of the segment. On its dorsal surface is a single median sharp spine on the anterior portion of the segment. The uropoda are composed of a short peduncle, and two branches, not reaching quite to the extremity of the posterior processes of the abdomen, and between which they are situated. The outer is slightly shorter than the inner branch. In a dorsal view the peduncle does not show. 7 The first pair of legs are prehensile, the following pairs ambulatory. Only one specimen, a male, was taken in the Northwest Pacific, June 7, 1906, at station 4781, lat. 52° 14’30’’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, at a depth of 300 fathoms, in fine gray sand and pebbles. The type, a dried specimen, is Cat. No. 42162, U.S.N.M. This species comes from the same locality and depth as Microprotus czcus Richardson,! and certainly bears a curious superficial resem- blance to that form in the shape of the abdomen, which, however, has only four elongate processes instead of six. In other respects it is closer to Jolella, as previously stated. 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, 1909, pp. 116-118. A NEW CESTODE FROM AN AFRICAN BUSTARD. By Brayton HowArp Ransom, Assistant Custodian, Helminthological Collections, U.S. National Museum. Among the collections of the Smithsonian African expedition, 1909-10, there are some specimens of tapeworms collected July 4, 1909, from the lower intestine of a bustard, Neotis caffra (Lichten- stein), by Mr. J. Alden Loring, at N’garri, Narok River, British Kast Africa (original number 233). These specimens, about a dozen in number, are in a poor state of preservation. Notwithstanding their poor condition it has been possible to establish certain facts relative to their morphology which show that they belong to a species of the family Davaineide hitherto undescribed. Furthermore, the worms are not only of a new species but on account of several character- istics not in accord with any genus heretofore recognized, they also represent a new genus, for which the name Sphyroncotenia (adipa, a hammer; éyxoc, a hook) is proposed. To the species is given the name Sphyroncotenia uncinata. Genus SPHYRONCOTA:ANIA Ransom, 1911. GENERIC DIAGNOSIS.—Superfamily Tzenioidea, family Davaineide, subfamily Idiogeninz: Rostellum armed with numerous hammer- shaped hooks arranged in 10 to 12 rows. Suckers unarmed. Cortical parenchyma and longitudinal musculature greatly developed, with numerous muscle bundles. Genital pores unilateral. Genital canals pass ventral of the longitudinal excretory vessel and nerve. ‘Testicles numerous. Female glands on the pore side of the median line. Kggs in uterus become more or less isolated by ingrowths of the uterine wall. A para-uterine organ is present in gravid segments in front of the uterus. Adults in birds. Type-species.—S phyroncotenia uncinata Ransom, 1911. SPHYRONCOTAENIA UNCINATA Ransom, 1911. SPECIFIC DIAGNOsIs.—Sphyroncotenia (type): Length, 22 to 37 em.; breadth at middle of strobila, 1 to 2 mm.; breadth at posterior end, 2 to 3 mm.; maximum breadth, 3.5 to 4 mm. at a point 1 to 4 PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 40—No. 1844. 637 638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. Fig. 1.—SPHYRONCOTMNIA UNCINATA. NATURAL SIZE. ENTIRE WORM. cm. from the posterior end (alcoholic material). Segments several hundred in number, broader than long except at the posterior end of the strobila where they may be slightly longer than broad. (Fig. 4.) Head (fig. 2), 400 to 450 p broad by 280 to 300 p» long. Suckers unarmed, 175 to 200” in diameter. Rostellum sim- ple, truncate conical in shape, 150 to 175 » long by 190 to 200 » broad at its base, armed with numerous hammer-shaped hooks (fig. 3), 25 to 30» long, arranged in 10 tol2rows. Re- tracted rostellum lies within a cavity whose inner surface is lined with an armature of very numerous short spines, which evidently form a spiny zone back of the rostellum when the latter is protracted. Unsegmented neck region prac- tically nil. Just back of the head the breadth of the strobila is slightly less than that of the head, varying with the state of contraction. Posterior bor- ders of each segment, except in the posterior region of the strobila, overlap the succeed- ing segment nearly half way. Genital pores unilateral. (Fig. 4, g. p.) The genital pore in younger segments is located in the lateral margin just poste- rior of the edge of the pos- terior border of the preceding segment. In gravid segments (fig. 4) the posterior borders overlap the succeeding seg- ments but slightly, and the genital pore is located a short No. 1844. CESTODE FROM AFRICAN BUSTARD—RANSOM. 639 distance posterior of the middle of the lateral margin of the segment, | (Fig. 4, 9. p.) The cortical parenchyma and longitudinal musculature are well developed, in sexually mature segments comprising two- thirds of the thickness of the strobila. (Fig. 5.) Transverse mus- culature well developed (fig. 5, t. m.) Lateral longitudinal nerves prominent. (Figs. 6,6,l.n.). Ventral excretory vessels | (figs. 4, 5, ex.) large, located a consider- able distance from the edge of the -strobila, and con- nected by a trans- verse commissure in the posterior por- tion of each seg- ment. Dorsal ex- -eretory vessels ab- EOP S00) CD reduced in size as [mm. FiG. 2.—SPHYRONCOTENIA UNCINATA. HEAD, CONSIDERABLY FLATTENED pO be ad longer ap: BY PRESSURE. ENLARGED. parent in sexually mature segments. Genital canals (fig. 5) pass ventral of the excre- tory vessel and nerve. | Male reproductive organs.—Testicles (fig. 5, t.) numerous (over 80), confined to the median portion of the medullary parenchyma; the ‘mass of testicles, extending from the transverse excretory vessel for- ward nearly to the anterior limits of the segment, is dorsal in portion-except posteriorly where it occupies the ventral as well as the dorsal portion of the medullary parenchyma. Vas deferens (fig. 5, v. d.) forms a mass of coils on the median side of the ventral longitu- dinal excretory vessel a short distance in front of the plane of the genital pore, 50 pA then passes outward and backward on the ventral side of the excretory vessel Fic. 3.—SPHYRONCOTEHNIA UNCINATA. . Hioox ¥rom Rostentum. Entazcep, a0d enters the base of the cirrus pouch. (Figs. 5, 6, ¢. p.) Cirrus pouch elon- gated, pyriform, about 250 y long. Cian when evaginated meas- ures about 50 » in diameter, armed with numerous curved spines 10 to 12 « long. Cirrus pouch opens into the bottom of a deep ‘genital cloaca which measures 150 » or more in depth. TN Sint a wre 640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 40. Female reproductive organs.—Vagina (figs. 5, 6, vag.) opens into the bottom of the genital cloaca ventral and posterior of the cirrus pouch, passing in a nearly straight course on the ventra: side of the ventral longitudinal excretory vessel and on the posterior side of the mass of coils of the vas deferens. Near its inner end, the vagina is enlarged to form the seminal receptacle (fig. 5, sem. rec.), oval in shape, situated originally on the median side of the mass of coils of the vas deferens, about midway between the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the seg- ment. At the height of its de- velopment the seminal receptacle measures 125 » or more in length. In gravid segments it is pushed dorsalward by the uterus against the ventral surface of the dorsal layer of transverse muscles. Mediad from the seminal recep- tacle the vagina is prolonged for a distance of 40 or 50 yp, and at its termination joints the oviduct. The ovary (fig. 5, ov.) is located ventrally in the medullary portion of the segment on the median side of the coils of the vas defer- ens, and extends a variable dis- tance toward or beyond the me- dian line of the segment. The oviduct passes from the ovary in a diagonal direction laterally (..e., toward the pore side of the seg- ment) and dorsally and after join- ing the inner end of the vagina, continuesin an inward (i.e. toward Imm. the median line of the segment) Fig. 4.—SPHYRONCOTANIA UNC'NATA. GRAVID SEG- l d l di ti n C : MENTS FROM POSTERIOR PORTION OF STROBILA. €2., anc orsa irection. urving EXCRETORY VESSEL} g. p., GENITAL PoRE; par. ut. around the ventral surface of the PARA-UTERINE ORGAN; Ut., UTERUS. ENLARGED. shell eland (fig. 5, s. g.) it enters the latter on its median side. The shell gland measures about 150 4 in diameter and is situated in the dorsal portion of the medullary parenchyma, near the seminal receptacle, dorsal of the latter and nearer the median line of the segment. Shortly before or after entering the shell gland the oviduct is joined by the yolk duct. After passing through the shell gland’ the oviduct runs in the ventral direction and presumably joins the uterus. The yolk gland (fig. 5, y. g.) is a rounded body about 100 » in diameter situated im No. 1844. CESTODE FROM AFRICAN BUSTARD—RANSOM. 641 about the same frontal and horizontal planes as the seminal recep- tacle, and about half way between the latter and the median line. The uterus (fig. 5, ut.) develops on the dorsal side of the ovary. When fully developed the uterus (fig. 4, ut.) occupies most of the medullary portion of the segment in the posterior half, extending laterally almost to the longitudinal excretory vessels. Numerous infoldings or proliferations from the wall of the uterus penetrate among and surround the eggs in such a manner that they appear in some cases to be inclosed in separate chambers. In the anterior portion of the segment the medullary parenchyma becomes modified to form a para-uterine organ (fig. 4, par. ut.), which laterally extends a variable distance on each side toward the longitudinal excretory Imm. Fic. 5.—SPHYRONCOTHNIA UNCINATA. TRANSVERSE SECTION OF SEXUALLY MATURE SEGMENT. ©¢. 7., CIRRUS POUCH; er., EXCRETORY VESSEL; /. n., LATERAL LONGITUDINAL NERVE; 0U., OVARY; sem, ree., SEMINAL RECEPTACLE; 5§.9., SHELL GLAND; t., TESTICLES; ¢. ™., TRANSVERSE MUSCLES; ut., PRIMORDIUM OF UTERUS; vag., VAGINA; Uv. d., VAS DEFERENS; y. g., YOLK GLAND. ENLARGED. vessels and antero-posteriorly from the anterior limits of the uterus to the anterior end of the segment. The tissue of the para-uterine organ contains numerous calcareous corpuscles. Whether the para- uterine organ is functional to the extent that the eggs are finally pressed into it from the uterus and become encapsuled by it, is un- certain, as this condition does not obtain in any of the specimens examined. The eggs (fig. 7) are round or oval with thin shells, at least two in number, an outer shell measuring 70 by 40 4 to 80 by 55 y» in diameter, and an inner shell, measuring 45 by 35 » to 64 by 40 uw in diameter, thinner than the outer shell, and closely investing the onco- sphere. The hooks of the oncosphere measure 25 to 30 » in length. Host.— Neotis caffra (Lichtenstein). Location.—Lower intestine. Locality collected.—British East Africa. 80796°—Proc.N.M.vol.40—11—41 642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. Type-specumens.—United States National Museum, Helmintho- logical collections, No. 7319, collected by Mr. J. Alden Loring, July 4, 1909, at N’garri, Narok River. As to the taxonomic position of Sphyroncotenia uncinata, the presence of hammer-shaped hooks on the rostellum is a character which by itself may be considered sufficient to establish the species in the family Davaineide, although heretofore no species of this family has been known which possesses more than three rows of hooks on the rostellum. Of the three subfamilies of the Davaineide, Ophryocot- yline is excluded from consideration on account of differences in the ——————“— Yiomm. Fic. 6.—SPHYRONCOTANIA UNCINATA. TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH GENITAL PORE, CIRRUS POUCH, AND NEIGHBORING STRUCTURES. cl., GENITAL CLOACA; C. ~., CIRRUS POUCH; ef., EXCRETORY VESSEL; 1. n., LATERAL LONGITUDINAL NERVE; f. 1., TRANSVERSE MUSCLES; vag., VAGINA; v. d., VAS DEFERENS. ENLARGED. rostellum, and the absence of para-uterine organs. The subfamily Davaineine is also excluded on account of the absence of para- uterine organs. The third subfamily, Idiogenine, is characterized especially by the presence of a single set of reproductive organs in each segment, a sac-like uterus more or less lobed or much branched which is not persistent and from which the eggs finally pass into a para-uterine organ. Sphyroncotenia uncinata possesses all of these characters and may therefore be placed in the subfamily Idiogenine. « Two genera have heretofore been recognized in this subfamily, namely the type genus, Jdiogenes Krabbe, 1868, and Chapmama Monticelli, 1893. no. 1844. CESTODE FROM AFRICAN BUSTARD—RANSOM. 643 In the former genus four species are known—Jdiogenes otidis? Krabbe, 1868, which is the type of the genus, Jdiogenes flagellum? (Goeze, 1782) Kholodkovski, 1905, Idiogenes grandiporus Kholod- kovski, 1905, and Jdiogenes horridus Fuhrmann, 1908. In certain respects Sphyroncotenia uncinata resembles the genus Idiogenes. The hammer-shaped rostellar hooks, the unilaterality of the genital pores, and the presence of a para-uterine organ are char- acters common to both. Distinct differences, however, are seen in ‘the arrangement of the hooks on the rostellum (10 or 12 rows in the one case and 2 rows in the other), in the comparatively large size of the strobila and the great development of the musculature of Sphyroncotema uncinata and the small size of the strobila and weak development of the musculature of /diogenes, in the small size of the cirrus pouch relative to the size of the segment and absence of retrac- tor muscle in the former case and the relatively large size of the cirrus pouch and presence of retractor muscle in the latter, in the numerous testicles of the former and the few testicles of the latter, and in the distinct displace- ment of the female glands toward the pore ~side of the segment in Sphyroncotenia unci- nata and their practically median position in Idiogenes. Although the resemblances be- tween Sphyroncotenia uncinata and the genus Idiogenes indicate that they are somewhat closely related, they exhibit too many dif- ho mm. ferences to be placed together generically. Fig. 7.—Spuyroncormyta UNE In the other genus of Idiogenine mentioned NASA Begs ENLARGED: above two species have been recognized, namely, Chapmania tauri- collis? (Chapman, 1876) Monticelli, 1893, which is the type species of Chapmama and Chapmania tapika * Clerc, 1906. * Sphyroncotenia uncinata resembles the genus Chapmania in a number of characters, as follows: It is a comparatively large species, with well-developed cortical parenchyma and musculature. It has rostellar hooks of similar shape. The genital pores are unilateral, as in the type species of Chapmania. The cirrus pouch does not extend inward beyond the limits of the cortical parenchyma. The vas deferens is without seminal vesicle and is much convoluted. The 1 Kowalewski (1906, 683-686) and Fuhrmann (1908, 49) consider Idiogenes otidis and I. grandiporus to be identical but Kholodkovski (1905; 1906) and Clere (1906, 724) hold to the view that two distinct species may be recognized. Under the circumstances it seems necessary to recognize both species until more certain evidence of their identity can be obtained, the evidence thus far available not being sufficient to prove that the two species are the same. 2Synonyms: Taenia flagellum Goeze, 1782; Halysis flagellum (Goeze) Zeder, 1803; Tenia mastigophora Krabbe, 1879; Idiogenes mastigophora (Krabbe) Kholodovski, 1905; Davainea ( Chapmania) longicirrhosa Fuhrmann, 1906. 8Synonyms: Txnia tauricollis Chapman, 1876; Tenia argentina Zschokke, 1888; Davainca tauricollis (Chapman) Fuhrmann, 1896; Capsodavainea tauricollis (Chapman) Fuhrmann, 1901. 4 Synonym: Idiogenes tapica Clerc, 1906. 644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 40, testicles are numerous. The eggs become more or less separated from one another by ingrowths from the wall of the uterus.t_ A para- uterine organ develops in front of the uterus and into this the eggs presumably pass and become inclosed in a single egg capsule. At least one important difference from Chapmania is exhibited by Sphyroncotema uncinata, namely, the arrangement of the hooks on the rostellum in ten to twelve rows. Less important is the lack of hooks on the suckers of S. uncinata, which, moreover, may be due simply to their loss in the specimens examined. The lack of a dorsal longitudinal excretory vessel may be only an apparent and not an actual condition. The location of the female glands toward the pore side of the medullary parenchyma though different from the condition in the type species of Chapmamia is paralleled by the slight displacement in that direction in C. tapika. The eggs in Sphyron- cotenia uncinata are apparently without parenchymatous or connec- tive tissue envelopes outside the second shell, but it is possible that such envelopes are present, as in C. tauricollis, the condition of the material examined being such that this point could not be definitely determined. As already noted, with regard to the uterus and para-uterine organ Sphyroncotxnia uncinata and Chapmania are very similar, the resem- blance of S. uncinata to C. tapika being closer than to C. tauricollis if Fuhrmann is correct in his statement that in the latter species the uterus breaks down and the eggs become enveloped by parenchymal tissue before they enter the para-uterine organ. The similarities in the structure of S. uncinata and Chapmania indicate a relationship between them, but as the former is widely different from the latter in the arrangement of the rostellar hooks, the arrangement of these hooks being given great weight under the present system of classification in the separation of genera throughout the entire superfamily Teenioidea, the necessity of erecting a separate genus for S. uncinata is clearly apparent. Sphyroncotena uneinata is much like Porogynia lata (Fuhrmann, 1901), the type and only known species of Porogynia Railliet and Henry, 1909, though this species is at present classed in a different 1In C. tapika the cavity of the uterus becomes more or less separated into chambers, which, however, always remain in communication, and contain groups of two to six eggs (Clerc, 1906). According to Fuhr- mann (1908) the uterus in the genus Chapmania breaks down and the eggs become surrounded by paren- chymatous capsules, after which they are pressed into a para-uterine organ which develops ia front of the uterus, and in gravid segments, after their release from the strobila, this para-uterine organ transforms into a single large egg capsule. It would seem, however, both from Clere’s (1906) description and Fuhrmann’s (1909) description of C. tapika that in this species the eggs pass directly from the uterus into the para-uterine organ. It may perhaps be considered an open question whether in C. tawricollis the uterus actually breaks down, the eggs then becoming surrounded by envelopes of parenchymatous origin, or whether the uterus as a result of extensive proliferation from its wall becomes more or less divided up into little chambers, the outer envelopes of the eggs then being added as a secretion from or a direct transformation of the ingrowths ofthe wallofthe uterus. Ifthe lattersupposition be true, the eggs might apparently be contained in individ- ual capsules, yet all of them still be within the cavity of the uterus, and completely surrounded by its peripheral wall. No. 1844. CESTODE FROM AFRICAN BUSTARD—RANSOM. 645 subfamily (Davaineinz) from that in which S. uncinata evidently belongs. Porogynia lata, according to Fuhrmann (1902; 1908; 1909), is a rather large species, reaching a length of 24 to 40 cm. with a maxi- mum breadth of 6 to 10 mm. The suckers apparently are unarmed. The cortical parenchyma of the strobila is very thick and the muscula- ture greatly developed. Dorsal longitudinal excretory vessels are absent. The genital pores are unilateral. The cirrus pouch does not extend inward as far as the lateral nerve. The vas deferens is much coiled without seminal vesicle. The testicles are numerous. The female glands are not median but are located in the medullary perenchyma toward the pore side of the segment, the ovary near the longitudinal excretory vessel and the yolk gland between the ovary and the median line. Im all these characters Porogynia lata closely resembles S. uncinata. If Fuhrmann be correct in his original opinion (1902) as to the orientation of the segment, there is another important character in which P. lata resembles S. uncinata, namely, the passing of the sexual canals on the ventral side of the longitudinal excretory vessel and nerve. More recently, however, Fuhrmann (1908, 47) has decided that he was mistaken in his first interpretation, and that the side of the strobila which he originally looked upon as ventral is really the dorsal side. Porogynia lata is furthermore somewhat like S. uncinata in the possession of more than two rows of hooks on the rostellum. These two species are the only ones in the entire family known to possess more than two rows of rostellar hooks, and might on this account be placed together generically, though P. lata possesses only three rows (Fuhrmann, 1908; 1909) whereas S. wncinata has 10 to 12 rows. With regard to the uterus Porogynia lata presents characters which preclude the generic association of this form with S. uncinata, unless the present system of classification is materially modified. The uterus of Porogynia lata is described (Fuhrmann, 1902) as having very thin walls which early disappear, the eggs becoming inclosed singly in parenchymatous capsules and occupying the entire medullary portion of the segment. No para-uterie organ is developed and on this account the genus Porogynia is excluded from the subfamily Idiogenine. By means of the following key Sphyroncotenia uncinata and the various species of tapeworms which it most closely resembles may be readily distinguished. KEY TO THE FAMILY DAVAINEID&. 1. Para-uterine organs present in gravid segments.........---------- (Idiogeninze) 4. PakaAUMCRECTOLANS ADSECMLS hho cosas oe kic <2 2 Ss okie none Sco eee eee By. . One to three rows of hooks on the rostellum; uterus not asec eggs becoming inclosed in numerous egg capsules........-..-..--+-----+---- (Davaineinz) 3. Two rows of hooks on the rostellum; rostellum very broad; uterus persis- PETER ka ny teehee, VIE Lh ok ve cles gare AO PREV OrOEMimes 646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40. DAVAINEINE. 3. One or two rows of hooks on the rostellum......... Genera Davainea and Cotugnia. Three rows of hooks on the rostellum; cortical parenchyma and musculature greatly developed; genital pores unilateral; dorsal excretory vessels absent; testi- cles numerous; cirrus pouch 450 » long, not extending inward as far as the excretory vessels; female glands not median, displaced toward the pore side of the segment; eggs with two or three membranes in addition to an outer parenchymatous envelope; size of strobila 24 to 40 cm. in length by 6 to 10 mm. in maximum breadth; recorded as parasitic in Numida ptilo- Miuchitsen fri Gas eo tte Salk ee Se eet eee Porogynia lata. IDIOGENIN&. 4. Two rows of hooks.on, ‘thezostellumeeis. 2.0.15. ous ee, De Ten to twelve rows of hooks (25 to 30 » long) on the rostellum; retracted rostellum in a cavity whose inner surface is thickly covered with spines; suckers unarmed; cortical parenchyma and musculature greatly developed; dorsal excretory vessels absent or very small; genital pores unilateral; sexual canals pass ventral of ventral excretory vessel and nerve; cirrus pouch about 250 » long not extending inward as far as the excretory vessel; testi- cles numerous; female glands displaced laterally toward the pore side of the medullary parenchyma; eggs with two thin shells; para-uterine organ supplied with rather numerous calcareous corpuscles; strobila 20 to 37 cm. long with a maximum breadth of about 4 mm.; recorded as parasitic in Neotis caffra, Africa... 5.22 .202.052.)252.22:.-...Sphyroncoizma uncmeain: 5. Strobila not over 7 cm. long and not over 2 mm. in maximum breadth; not more than 200 hooks on rostellum; suckers unarmed; cortical parenchyma and musculature weakly developed; genital pores unilateral or arranged in alternate series of 8 to 10 on each side of the strobila; cirrus pouch relatively large, crossing the nerve and excretory vessels and extending far into the medullary portion of the segment, and supplied with a retractor muscle; testicles few (less than 20); female glands practically median; eggs pass from uterus into an anterior para-uterine organ..............-- (Idiogenes) 6. Strobila 20 cm. or more in length and over 3 mm. in maximum breadth: more than 300 hooks on rostellum; suckers armed; cortical parenchyma and mus- culature greatly developed; genital pores unilateral or alternating; cirrus pouch small, compared to the size of the segment, either not crossing the excretory vessels or extending beyond them only slightly; testicles numer- ous; female glands median or displaced slightly toward the genital pore; eggs pass anteriorly into a para-uterine organ from the uterus either directly or after the disappearance of the uterine wall and the envelopment of the eggs in individual parenchymatous capsules..............- (Chapmania) 9. Idiogenes. 7 6: (Genital. pores: unilateral. 2+. 20.24. os te Fos ee ieee eee ite Genital pores arranged alternately in series of 8 to 10 on each side of the strobila; strobila 15 to 25mm. long and 0.3 mm. in maximum breadth; genital cloaca small, funnel shaped; testicles 10 to 15 in number; eggs with three thin shells; recorded as parasitic in Otis tarda, Tetrax tetrax, and Houbara MEI UTA! AON 88 Le ater eccic al 2 Sek et Ca te ee te ne Idiogenes otidis. 7. Rostellar hooks 150 or more in number, about 10 » long; length of strobila not over 3 ci., maximum breadth not over 0/b.nimie:...-J.0-25- sos oer eee 8. No. 1844. CESTODE FROM AFRICAN BUSTARD—RANSOM. 647 Rostellar hooks about 100 in number, 22 to 30 » long; strobila 6 to 7 em. long with a maximum breadth of 1.2 mm; genital cloaca very large, spherical, its diam- eter equal to about one-third the length of the segment; testicles apparently 15 to 20 in number; eggs with three thin shells; recorded as parasitic in ROUT ORMVCLIOT sats once tent ot oy Ae AU Ss ee Lk sel Idiogenes grandiporus 8. Testicles 10 to 12 in number; yolk gland directly behind the middle of the ovary; recorded as parasitic in Milouus milvus, Milvus korschun, and Milvus LEOIT 0) 5 eae De as oS a Pi a Idiogenes flagellum. Testicles 7 to 9 in number; yolk gland behind the ovary but displaced toward the pore side of the segment; recorded as parasitic in Cariama cristata. Idiogenes horridus. Chapmania. 9. Rostellar hooks about 8 » long; genital pores unilateral; cirrus pouch 0.5 mm. or more in length, supplied with a retractor muscle; testicles about 80 in num- ber; eggs with two thin shells; recorded as parasitic in Rhea americana. Chapmania tauricollis. Rostellar hooks 10 to 15 » long; each sucker bears two conical processes, one on either side of the opening; genital pores irregularly alternating; cirrus pouch 240 to 280 » long; testicles 200 or more in number; recorded as para- BUC RRC OE: LOMO sem cmos? Sec je sabes a wae Chapmania tapika, REFERENCES. CLERC, W. 1906. Notes sur les cestodes d’oiseaux de l’Oural. II. Centralbl. Bakt. und Parasitenk., Jena, Abth. 1, vol. 42, No. 8, Dec. 11, Orig., pp. 713-730, figs. 1-31. ; FUHRMANN, Otto. 1902. Die Anoplocephaliden der Végel. Centralbl. Bakt. und Parasitenk., Jena, Abth. 1, vol. 32, No. 2, July 26, Orig., pp. 122-147, figs. 1-25. 1908. Die Cestoden der Végel. Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Suppl. vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1-232. 1909. Die Cestoden der Végel des weissen Nils. (In Jagerskidld, L. A., Results Swedish Zool. Expedition to Egypt and White Nile, 1901, No. 27, 55 pp., 53 figs., Upsala.) Kuouopxkovsk!, N. A. 1905. Eine Idiogenes-species mit wohlentwickeltem Scolex. Zool. Anz., Leipzig, vol. 29, No. 18, Dec. 12, pp. 580-583, figs. 1-5. 1906. Cestodes nouveaux ou peu connus. Arch. de parasitol., Paris, vol. 10, No. 3, Oct. 15, pp. 332-347, text figs. 1-2, pls. 8-10, figs. 1-46. Kowatewsk!, Mreczystaw. 1906. Mitteilungen iiber eine Idiogenes-Species. Zool. Anz., Leipzig, vol. 29, No. 23, Feb. 6, pp. 683-686, figs. 1-3. THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE CRINOID GENUS MARSUPITES. By Austin Hoparr CLark, Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates, U. S. National Museum. Some time ago I suggested the division of the great group of free living crinoids known as the comatulids into three suborders, as follows: InNATANTES: Families Marsupitide and Uintacrinide. OLIGOPHREATA: Families Comasteride, Zygometride, Himero- metride, Stephanometride, Pontiometride, Mariametride, Colobo- metridx, Thalassometride, Calometride, and Tropiometride. MaAcropHREATA: Families Antedonide, Atelecrinide, and Penta- metrocrinide. At that time I was concerned mainly with the recent forms, and so I did not wish to go into detail in regard to the processes of deduc- tion by which I had arrived at the conclusion that Marsupites is closely allied to the comatulids, the predominant type in the recent seas. I owe it to my collaborators, however, to define my position, and to state the reasons for my conclusion, so that they may judge for themselves whether I am right or wrong. As I understand it, Marsupites is a pelagic comatulid, derived from the common comatulid stock and owing its aberrant calyx structure solely to its pelagic mode of life; the calyx is the most primitive type of comatulid calyx, serving the original purpose of protecting the viscera; what development there has been was exactly the opposite of that seen in all other comatulids, and resulted in enlarging the dorsalmost plates instead of reducing them, as has happened in all other forms. The arms alone have developed along the lines followed by the other comatulids; judging from the material which I have been able to examine, the arms are not only exactly like those of the recent comatulid or pentacrinite, but are comparable only to the arms of the more specialized types, in the latter only to those in the genus Hndoxocrinus. It is in the arms that we get the only direct clue to the systematic position of Marsupites; but this clue is positive and unmistakable; PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 40—No. 1845. 5 64 650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vot. 40. and, once we grasp the idea that Marswpites may be a comatulid, it is readily seen that, with due regard for contingent circumstances consequent on a curiously specialized mode of existence, the remain- ing structures point to the same conclusion. When any member of a group of animals adopts a mode of life entirely different from that of all the other members of the same group we must be prepared to encounter extraordinary and unex- pected changes in its organization which are not connected with the more normal type of organization by any intermediates; and it must be remembered that such changes affect first of all the general body form. Among such animals we almost always find the group charac- ters developed in a most erratic manner; some structures will be very highly specialized, sometimes specialized far beyond what is seen in any other members of the group, while others will be in a very rudimentary or primitive state of development, or even absent altogether. As instances of adaptation to a peculiar and phylogenetically unnatural environment I may mention the flying mammals (bats); the pelagic mammals (cetaceans); the terrestrial birds (kiwi, ostrich, etc.); the pelagic birds (penguins); the flying reptiles (pterodactyls) ; the pelagic reptiles (sea snakes, plesiosauri, ichthyosauri, etc.); the purely aquatic amphibians (Amphiuma, Siredon, Triton, Siren, ete.) ; the purely terrestrial amphibians (//ylodes, etc.); the semiterrestrial fishes; the flying fishes; the parasitic or symbiotic fishes; the purely pelagic fishes; the deep-sea fishes; the parasitic insects; the aquatic insects; the aquatic arachnids; the parasitic arachnids; the mud- inhabiting holothurians; the deep-sea holothurians; the pelagic holo- thurians; the mud-living echinoids; the sessile gastropods; the para- sitic gastropods; the parasitic ‘‘worms;”’ the sessile ctenophores; the parasitic barnacles; the free-living barnacles; the parasitic crustacea; the pelagic crustacea; the deep-sea crustacea. A large number of additional instances could be brought forward, but a study of the types mentioned is sufficient to show at once that when an animal acquires a phylogenetically new environment a readjustment of its structure is induced which often leads to very remarkable changes, so that the real affinities of the animal are rendered very difficult of appreciation. Among the echinoderms a few cases seem worthy of special atten- tion. The elasipod holothurians, which live in deep water, are bilat- erally symmetrical, with tube feet on the ventral side only, and with papille on the back; there are no respiratory trees or Cuvierian organs. The apodal holothurians, which commonly live in mud, have no radial canals, tube feet, or respiratory trees. The free-swimming pelagic holothurians have no calcareous deposits whatever, no respira- tory trees, no Cuvierian organs, no retractor muscles, and single lon- NO. 1845. ON THE CRINOID GENUS MARSUPITES—CLARK. 651 gitudinal muscles. Only those echinoids which have flexible tests possess longitudinal muscles; many of the species never develop teeth, while some do not develop the lantern apparatus; several gen- era of the Arbaciide never develop spines upon the apical surface, this permanently remaining as in the very young of Arbacia. Wesee, therefore, that it is a very common thing for a genus or other group living under special conditions to suffer an arrest in the devel- opment of some organ or set of organs, and in very many cases, best illustrated among the echinoderms, perhaps, by the well-known instances among the Arbacide (Arbaciella, Podocidaris, Dialithoci- daris, etc.), this arrest in development is chiefly evident in the very primitive condition of the general body form, as shown by a compari- son of the adults of these genera with the very young of Arbacia. In the very young of Antedon, as has been demonstrated by Bury and by Seeliger, there are: ; (1) An apical system, consisting of a central plate, or dorsocentral, and a few columnars; (2) A circlet of underbasals surrounding this apical system; (3) A circlet of basals outside of and alternating with the under- basals; (4) A eirclet of radials beyond and alternating with the basals. (5) A cirelet of orals, each oral lying directly beyond a basal. The differences between the calyx of the young Antedon and that of Marsupites are: (1) In Marsupites the apical system is composed of a single plate instead of one large plate and a series of smaller ones; (2) In Marsupites the underbasals are very large, as large as the basals, instead of being very small, as in Antedon. This latter difference is easily shown to be of no especial significance by a study of the calyx development among the recent crinoids, and especially among the comatulids. Primarily the calyx is composed of four circlets of plates, all the plates being approximately equal in size; these circlets are (1) the underbasals, (2) the basals, (8) the radials, and (4) the orals. Phylogenetic development is in the direction of a reduction in the size of the calyx cavity and of a pro- gressive extrusion of the visceral mass. The underbasals are first affected; instead of forming, as in the primitive condition, an impor- tant integral part of the body wall, they move inward, reducing their circlet in size, so that their inner borders, instead of abutting on the sides of the topmost columnar, slip inward over it; at the same time they gradually become more and more recumbent, finally attaining a horizontal position and, instead of functioning as a part of the lateral calyx wall, become merely a sort of flooring upon which the contents of the calyx rest. The basals are next affected; they become reduced in size, and their lower edges slip inward over the inner side of the 652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40, horizontal underbasals, so that they eventually form a horizontal circlet of plates superimposed upon the similar circlet composed of underbasals; this condition is seen in Antedon just before the trans- formation of the basals into the rosette. A somewhat similar state of affairs is seen in the pentacrinites, though here the basals are not quite so reduced and, instead of covering the underbasals, as in Antedon, they imbricate over them. The radials travel the same path as did the basals and underbasals before them, and in most of the comatulids have become quite horizontal, serving merely as a platform upon which the visceral mass rests, and for the attachment of the arms. This developmental path is very plain and easily demonstrated; but in Antedon the underbasals at their first appearance are very small and irregular in number, while in Comactinia, Comanthus, Hathrometra, and Compsometra, according to the investigations of Mortensen and myself, no underbasals ever appear. It seems clear that in the recent comatulids acceleration of development has operated to push the metamorphosis of the underbasal circlet so far forward in the ontogeny that it either only appears as a transient, usually imperfect, circlet or not at all; from what we know of the transformation of the basals and of the radials we must assume that the underbasals were of equal importance. This reasoning demon- strates that there is no tangible difference between the calyx of Marsupites and that of a comatulid in the younger stages, excepting only for the occurrence of a central plate, end to end with the under- basals, in the former. The central plate in Marsupites, like the similar central plate in Uintacrinus, I believe to be the homologue of the dorso-central (terminal stem plate) plus all the columnars of the comatulid. Ina previous paper I traced out the development of the crinoid stem from a hypothetical primitive central plate such as is seen in certain echinoids. I assumed that the central plate in Marsupites and in Uintaerinus was a primitive central plate, and in no way comparable to the comatulid centrodorsal (the topmost columnar of a subse- quently discarded stem) for the following reasons: It lies in the body wall flush with the surrounding underbasals, and therefore can not be a columnar, for in all stalked crinoids the topmost columnar sup- ports more or less of the lower margin of the basals or of the under- basals; this is a mechanical necessity, as otherwise the weight of all the calcareous structures would have to be taken up by the soft interior structures immediately above the stem and by the sutures between the topmost columnar and the underbasals. As the under- basals of the young Antedon surround its apical system in iust the way that the underbasals of Marsupites and of Uintacrinus surround their central plates, I see no escape from the conclusion that these No. 1845. ON THE CRINOID GENUS MARSUPITES—CLARK. 653 central plates are the equivalents of the entire apical system (the dorsocentral plus the columnars) of the developing Antedon. There is additional evidence that Marsuwpites never at any stage possessed a stalk, nor did Uintacrinus. This evidence is purely circumstantial, but appears to be none the less good. The enormous range of Uintacrinus socialis is well known, and recently Marsupites has been shown to have a range equally as extensive. Now we find among the jellyfishes forms which are purely pelagic and other forms which are fixed for varying periods. The extent of the dis- tribution of these different types is very varied, the pelagic species having the greatest and the longest fixed the least range. When we compare the distribution of Marsupites and Uintacrinus with that of the recent jellyfish we find that the parallel is distinctly with those types which are exclusively pelagic and pass through no fixed stage, and we therefore appear to be justified in assuming that Marsupites and Uintacrinus, like them, were always, at all stages, free swimming. Marsupites has large orals, and the arms are attached to a com- paratively small portion of the distal border of the radials. Both these features are characteristic of the young Antedon, as well as of the young of all other genera in which the young have been observed. The orals undergo a metamorphosis just as do the underbasals, basals, and radials; but this metamorphosis merely takes the form of gradual resorption. In general, the resorption of the orals is correlated with the metamorphosis of the basals in the comatulids, as exemplified by Antedon. It would be presupposed, therefore, that, were we to discover a comatulid with persistent unmetamor- phosed basals, it would also possess persistent unmetamorphosed orals. Correlated with the presence of orals and unmetamorphosed basals in the young Antedon, we find the arms occupying only a small por- tion of the distal border of the radials; and therefore the same feature in Marsupites occasions no surprise. Mr. Frank Springer first poimted out the correspondence between the structure of Uintacrinus and that of the comatulids, in particular to those belonging to the Comasteride. Uintacrinus has the same globular float-like body as Marsupites, but it is differently formed; Uintacrinus has progressed much farther along the phylogenetic comatulid path; both agree in having a centrale instead of a centro- dorsal and in the possession of underbasals, though these are not always present in Uintacrinus. They should, therefore, be united in the same group, a group parallel to those which I have called Oligophreata and Macrophreata. Uintacrinus has an eccentric mouth; if we can judge from the analogy with the eccentric mouth of most of the Comasteridx, it also had a many-coiled digestive tube. The long digestive tube of 654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 40, the comasterid species is necessary on account of the habits of those animals, for a large amount of inorganic matter is Ingested with the food, necessitating a large absorption surface; the comasterids of deep water have short digestive tubes and central mouths, like the species of other families. Uvntacrinus, being a pelagic form, probably lived at or near the surface, and therefore its food consisted largely of minute plants. This would be sufficient to induce a very con- siderable increase in the length of the digestive tract over that necessary for the assimilation of purely animal nutriment. Marsup- ites had a central mouth; we can not say that it did not have a long digestive tube; if it had a short one, it may have been strongly plicated like that of some of the recent endocyclic forms. The position of the mouth is of no particular importance, system- atically, in regard to the question of the relationships of these genera. Among the Comasteride most of the species have a marginal or a submarginal mouth, though a number have it perfectly central as in Antedon, as, for instance, Comatilia. Moreover, in those comasterids in which the mouth is marginal it is always central in the young, and does not begin to move from its central location until the orals have become entirely resorbed. Thus in Marsupites, with its large orals, we should not expect to find the mouth eccentric, no matter what might be its position in nearly related genera. The crinoids are primarily fixed types inhabiting shallow water, derived, not remotely, from free living littoral bottom inhabiting animals. 44 SAVIONIT S 5 APs scl oeececemesee eco 2,24 TIMMONS! 322.55 jascesseaemee eee 18 walal bergils sa caccins so ce nse ssee ae 2,17,19 SATIVEING Es ee cee See eee ae eee eee ee 625 AMOnNp Ha TruUChCOSAssaasseee amok aera ee eres 255 AMP hi DAMS ect cneecr ee Cece ee eer Een ee eee 431 PTANGICEPS: ce e-ceces cseneee ee 432 GHOTACHUUS =. sae eae eeaaee 431, 433 Amphibian, new, from the carboniferous of i1ibe10) cee REE Sere aera neo Cre ROE Ate 429 Aniphimetrayarnicandsss eressereseereereeete 8,20 Giscoideaiss Sacto eoecsoc acces 2 philiPer tives. cecsaheccewsose nos 21 ‘Am phisorexslesmeuniin=sossese se -e eae 378, 379 AMP HWUWM Asses ancecce cose cece ecsesecte 650 ASTID LITLUB eee eae aoe ce ects See ee eee eeeier 627 KI pIE SS: So cee cee st nee nace ese 627 PAN AGCASIIIUIS! # Meer seo ssn eee ene cet 224 AT ap he pnirac toes see ee aaaee eee ees 441, 445 Anmastrephaludensmece sess ase sneer eer seser 181 IATICISTTOCENU Sassen asso aaeene eee ems 498 ANIGCIStrOMNIM Stes te oy se cee eae 582, 583 ANTES eke Sete seis setae neilnmateeraletooe 492 andrenoid eso.ce 5-2 aeseies ee 493, 508 ASTOLISsces= seta cas eee eer 494, 508 Gow Anne soesescseesanbost seqbas 494 Grawi0rdic 2-25 4. e see eee eee 508 GTESSOMI Geet ee seein secon eee 508 GeSpPONS8 oe eee eae nae 508 didel taza secs eace es s-aeeeeeeee ee 508 Ould ek aot e sre Joe ec ooaeeacaas 508 ibih OnE Se cenene haces ascoseoocce dass 244 Naniordensistesee. eres eeeeeeee 494, 509 ere WC aoe eyoeee tee eee eer 508 hilanisvessacce sees ae cee oe eee 009 UP POteS ee ee eee eee since eeenis 509 HTINDIENSISS 2 soos eees oe ae eee 509 TMC AGEEK ee sens See ae ete eee 494, 509 Var. Drotundae sec enoeea== 509 TOXaN Ae --saase mene 509 Ty COLNE os seoesea dese oesassecDo= 243 Ion thibecesese ei eeeemeeae ee eee 243 656 INDEX. Page Page. Andrena knuthiana=.- ..ess- see s-ce=ese = 243 >| -Antedon) porrectas-cee == -eeres eee ee eee ere 37 NOWASHISs ch feces ccc cmciecebereias Se 509 PLOLECLUS 2.2 - sce eke eee eee 26 mandi pulanises--eem.cqce se see 494, 509 TOSACCHisis onc. s cic ce aes en Soe 39, 40 muultiplicatasccs.s--ceseeene ace acto 493 SAVIQNYis 2556 neces ee sneer eae 5 NASOMI Josonesctusk eee cee cence wees 509 Sclaberied 5.392. See coo eee oe eee 5,38 TMV AIS sees eee ete seer 493, 494 SCLripinma- 225-5 ee 5,6, 30, 33 TUG Ae ctetie cease Me erence trite 509 SPietsecses coe cheese 36 pilipes 32th ese se eee 244, 495, 509 Spicataes tsa. Bh oe 6,28 10/0) byf240) 0b Ee ROR OAR aA EO Scie aGaHTaoHaS = 509) | -Anthidiumbattine 22 --e4eeeeeee ae eee 250 IDISeCOCHOCNVISgater eee eee A ene seas 243 lan ditium! 22 seeeeeee eee 249 [DWBEC OD Sh Ano cns sonemodadcapnsagoeccs 243 predentatum......... 249 TIDCSINA 2 ede Scat os acemwieseeese 509 mMmaAculosumMje2e6— eco ee eee 249 TU PSHUCNSISS ae feces cctsete cisco oeletaeer= 243 MOMLVACWIMN eos eee ee 249 Salictarigeccse esse ceese ose e 509 PCCOSDSE j)2). css 5 uate ee 248 249 Siti soncceseee as acee seh mek oa ee 509 philocuts--. ese ee eee eee 250 SOUGUM Ac o3 5) sasscmemnceceseueasseee 493 Var: abbottisessseeeeee 249 Sparsipilosae.eaeicseee eee ema 493 placitume 2.32. {see eee 249 SUDCAN GIG ae ee enemas ein eetselace 493 predentatum........-.- 249 POX At ae ee ce dom yee ee dia 494 Porters 322655). sews eee 249 thoraciea\ 525-52 242tesenseeseen ase: 244 poudreums.. i. o22 sea 248, 249 VeTCCUN A= a2 2 = seefen ean eerie eee * 509 tentiflorss 4-225. eee 249, 250 WiCiNas.. 25 -scsscsesee BaSSadneceoe 493 | Anthophora albigena ...........:.0222se2e: 259 VACUO ai sarc ceric etoecie Sao SSE 508 atro-aliba 30-0 0.0 eee 263. ANGI USIS Seek tecispio seis ameeeis o> meetete 150, 162 Iblandaide 2h, aut pele see 261 TOGUNGUS Ese ocean sence ee 160, 162, 163 Circulate; 5-5.5.2_- eee 259 MIGHArdSOMNI. -- 277,278 SOMULSIANA Sc ke ceeciccerisceer 277, 287 Comactinia meridionalis...............----0 18 660 INDEX. Page Page. Comanthus (Bennettia) wahlbergii.......... 7, | Crambusicaliginosusepe. sss ee seeseeeee sees 184 (Comanthus) rotalaria........... 19); Crasped ometrarmsatene--- =n ese neer eee eee eee ee 9,21 ParVICINTAL rene ceeeeee CE tease 8,17, 19 madagascarensis.......... 8,23 TOUMIATIQE Ae So cnccccaecasaracee 19°) i(Crassinellla parva sna se see ee ee 288 SDiee tence noeeenOcecer eae secas - 19,20 | Crawford, J. C. Descriptions of new hyme- trichopteras SoS: cjase ee ose ae 13,17,18 NOPCT a2. oe eee io eiae gos eee eee 439 (Walidia) marvicitra sc... --<-+.-- 18.| Crawfordia cockerelli...-.....-2..-2---cee- 497, 509 Wall bereits -. = srisecckicsicisaeence 5, 8,13 TADIOSI ee ooo esc ee ee 497,509 Comatellaimaculatar <-cccnc- scence 6,8, 13, 16 rudbec levees 2 ease eee eee 497,510 Comatilian tsar cea ee eee eae ea eee 654" |) Cremastus hymenleey aoe. 5 eo ee eee 189 Comatula adeonwme so -enas.shessecissceeese 24) Crepidilaiconvexasase se pose eee 287 IDICOLOD ES serra as se aie screen cine es 34 | Crinoids, recent, of the coasts of Africa...... 1 brachiolata swe desrelince meee ee ae 18) |@rocisa decoraa-te ee’. Jae caer See 254 DreVACinTa soe .cseee ees shee tee 18 \Crotalometratec. cuegse see cee eee eee 12 Carin ata es ee oe arse cesses 1, 2,34, 36 Maya. sostes.c casks eee ee at COCR ee atiass Saseceu es aSeeceeeee 43 IMASNICITa S| aaa 5,8, 36 Coccodistoms a2. c.ccsmcs seseoeee 16,17 DOMMCCLA 3s o-oo tee eee 8,37 Bm a tates cise cle atenoe cae soa 167) (Crotonimeomexicanume..-- 4-55" eee eee 584 helianthuSesasess eee: ee eee 19) 5 KC ryptod eSMUS =~ ..5- ce eeces ee eee 465, 467 MNGIGAL aco sats eit se teteceemeeeae 3, 26 BlatUs sss SAdceee eee 461, 468, 469 RewComelass seem ce seese asco PPA olfersiliccc saeco eee 467, 468 IMECILErTANeS /ytone emacs coe ee cals 40 pusillus:--c250c-¢ eee eee ee 467, 468 IMEKUENSIS ose nathest-Gm os ane eens 13) || Cryptolechia canariellss es. —=- 455 eee eee 212 ras UBUI FENOPY REYES noone Soe dSSUatSoco= 1,2,24 huachuellas 2 ~~ 2-2 esesee ee 212 Onlentalisee -Mcsaciscere aoc aaereee 19 roseomarginella................ 212 Daltnata sessed oceceees oe 3,27 | Cryptoxilos dichromorphus...............-.. 180 DIC CAE Rt eee oo. Pena Rare ee 35.368) CYSnODLCRUS . oases ao eee eee 62, 476 TOtalaniges] 4h ceases nee aes 19), |;Cyclometraiflavescens.-- 2-24-06 sees 51 EYE | 3 Ages Ui SD) Diy i aA HL 27 | Cyclostrema granulum var...... sen alates 288 Simplex s. Mies canes een 19) .Cyclothyrophorus\sseesc2 2 eee 157, 160 SOIADIS oi0.0)) -Cynogale barbatussscese. a. ao. see eceee aes 117 COmiIssia Teno tants occ s ccios clown camer ee oes 17 DENNER. ee oe oa eee 118 Conchyloctenia parummaculata............. 448 | Cynopterus brachyotis.*...................- 127 Cook, O. I'., New tropical millipeds of the rach yOtiso--- sees 128 order Merocheta, with an ex- inswanrgMss see eeee 127, 128 ampleofkineticevolition=.--. (451) (Cy parissidiumece Seesesrence- ee eee eeteae 295, 298 Notes on the distribution of pracileysSs2succosens see 292 millipeds in southern Texas, DaiCtes: |i 22. jcceee ee earn ese oe eee eee 193 with descriptions of new genera Dall, William Healey, and Paul Bartsch, and species from Texas, Ari- New species of shells from Bermuda...... 277 zona, Mexico, and Costa Rica. 147 | Dammaramicrolepis...................-.... 304 The hothouse milliped as a new Danaisichrysippussecse5-sceeee see e eee eee 176 PONUSs/Seraygse cise ae saoemeee 625; | -Dasypoda hirtipesi:<-2n asec ee seen eee 256 Copper ores of the Virgilina district of North JAPON Cas 52 Ske Sane eee eee 256 Carolina and Virginia, the relation of born- plumilpeseese eee aie ee 256 iteand chaleocitein thejousssecce ce. eects 513 TIDIALIS aisle x, wieis = visas geese eee 256 Coralliophaga dactylus............. et Ste 288) | Decametra alaud essen eee eee eee 8,33 Corythroichthys quinquarius................ 526 Info RM IS oF) woe =e eee see 32 Cosmiometra gardinerioc. ses. .ccece eeeee 6,8, 38 MODiIUSIS. -.-..5. ose ee eee 8,31 WOOGMASONI as ccn cose ne aaeaeee 38 MOIS see Je esc nsec eee Eee 8,32 Costa Rica, descriptions of new genera and taprobanes:.. 2825 easier eee 33 species of millipeds from.................-. 147 | Decempeda cornubiensium.............----. 38 Costumes belonging to the Philip Abyssinian Deltocephalus labiatus..........- TaaJoeeeeee 506 collection; ‘deseription of: -2.---.-----.-+s=- 273) Democrinus parfaitiles sss. 5-5 eee ee eee 47 Cottus nord weee tener ce ee ctw eeemecee 537 | Dendrocopus villosus extimus ............-. 620 Crabrocsce nce acne ec werisa Seti seem eesecee 559) || Dendroctonus'|barberi...5.--ssseeeeeeeeeneee 561 Cinctibellusesacccssacuciseecueesce chee 563,|, Diachasmajcrawiordijess--05 2-2 se eeeeeeeee 181 decemmaculatus | cena. see assa-eeee 564 | Diseretus nipponensis................------- 182 (Hoplocrabro) ferrugineipes.........- 564 j 0) (1-0): ee eES Ses oo saa 182 MOVAUUS 2 cays occenes 564))| Dialithocidarise:.s2.s-neeeasseeeee eee ceeree 651 ANCOINUP LUG Soe so cose eee weeeceeinecne 563) |) Dianthidium) parvum. <=... 52 -cereie= 2 eee 248 (Solenius) townsendi.........-....... 563 simile; 32 oe eee eee 248 sonorensis........ et ORI nee ots 564 fexanum, 622.25 ohare eee 248 (subgenus)? schwarzi........:.......- 563) |, Diastomac vee. 2.5. ce oe Soe ee eee ees 384 _—| INDEX. 661 Page. Page. Dichrometra flagellata.-.3.....-..-...-- 851352728) ee pimys carimate. cence seca sce ce eeee 108, 109, 110 Klunzingeries wse7scee tele ee: 9,27 CTASSUS! co: saci cries erie acre eee 103, 104 palmatat sso ee eae 5,9, 14, 27 cremoriventerecss-o- oseeees eee 111,112 PTOLCCHUSHs- senses ees 5,9, 14, 26, 27 EPHIP PUM E seed eee ea eee 98 SPecinseens oar wea Rattiseeene 27 FITTS A ys estes ae eee 102, 103, 104 WMIOdONTUSIACAIMSTS he. ay eee ee eee 560 FINES tacts crease ce cee ee eee 111, 112, 113 bidentatuses.-.-92 22s eee. 560 MASUUUS See eevee ee ee 104, 105, 106 ID INSSCASLCKs Aeafweineeatac ts ck sete eaie eee oc 418 Neslectusssca- suet ee ee 98, 99, 100, 102 Mocodesmussss+ = sass heck ese 453, 455, 458, 471 fo ko Ces tS Ll Pe 99, 100, 101 WIN CeMtieisae: os. Asse seit ene 461 lamucotanlse.-.-2 5-52.66 100, 101 OTCHOZC] Odea ia sama waar ee ee este mice 182 meplectus! ss cececee eee 101 KOCHElCI A SS2 ete se beaee ete 182 MeFNAVUSEesccsc- ese aeeeee 108, 110, 111 OSE ae has 25d Soe as wn tedad nase eae ce 593, TAG eee Sane see ree 107, 109, 110 PlamMOsasvanssnetnss jesse esas eae 593 Taj ah osuiniterseqacse ss eaee eee eee 108, 109 IDTACISCUSISACHT asc 5s tane sent ee eet oe nwa 541 SANANUISt ese cte serene ee nae 105, 106 Dracilowae so <.saaNeacesad soodessesgas evades: 545 SAGUTa US: sac oee cence ee eer 109, 111 MUTA WISsSJAnsseee acse ee sae 545 SCDUCUSE As cer eene esse Renee 102, 103, 104 MryobatesihylOscOpuS.s-+ 422-2 ses 611 SODUUUS eyecare ees 108, 109 picoideuss + Acs sss ede Se 616 SDavwapus see see eee ee LD 2 13 Pubescenstessee sees ae nena 617 UIDECUSE sip ciome tose Senn ere et 109, 111 SANCUONUMse jas saseecee Satta 619 Whitehead ces) on. some ee eee 106 WATOSUSSs oo ee oe eet et es 618, 619 perlutussecae— sees. see 106 audubonii.. 596,599, 601,602,603 | Ervilia subcancellata........................ 288 ENisSOMeNUS-.4-2 5-52-2502 OSG ale bry Clima limell awe. 5 sae tee ee 288 DOMOle OLonolieal mH SChiriChitiien es ears eens eee eee 383 Exbimuses.--2.. 5967597, 615,620) ||) Ertiellaischisticolor---.. 0422-4. 4. -seee seen eee 178 {UIMCUS!2 eee ee OT OLONGZ0 I | Pobre CalT Gs sees eee ee 301 harrisi-. hse eee cee OOO yi Meer COTACINGTC He se nee = eee ee 257 597, 610, 611, 615, 616 Sociabilis)s. i.e eo ee 256, 257 hylobatus.. 596, 597,615, 617,618 | Eudiocrinus atlanticus...................... 44 hyloscopus. .... 597, 609, 611, 612 (Pentametrocrinus) atlanticus. - 44 ICASTUS 42 see 597, 609, 612, 613,615 | Eumeta bimarginatum...................-.- 327 intermedius...........--- 597, MNTORCA ATA eens! eae eee ee 327 613, 614,617,618 | Eumicrerpeton parvum................-..-- 429 jardinii..... 597,615, 618, 619,620 | Eupathocera luctuose................-.--- 502, 508 leucomelas:=---------..-- 604 Ipictipennidis: 252 --s esos eee 502 Teucothorectiss..--2------ 597, Ulan Gigs c 5) saree ame eee 503 608, 609, 610, 611,613 | Eupomotis................ 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375 maynanrdies se. saseo—- a. 596, 603 PIP POSUS 5322. Jss= Ae eee ee 373, 374 THONG COLES eee nen ae 0 Oy pene Us eyyecrer ieee eis se ee oe 148, 153, 154, 160, 162 597, 604, 606, 607, 608, 610 Solestuss. asst Se oe ee 151, 153, 156 OLMIS se seo 597, 609, 611,613 | Evolution of useless characters in millipeds.. 451 picoideus!2222-- 097, 608; 616; 617 || Paleulina ochricostata-+.------+.-----+------ 211 DISERS eee cence 603,616)" Felis (Aulurim)jplamiceps:..--s4-+-s2ss455-ee 114 sanctorum........- 597, 619, 620 Dene alensise crs seSe 4s eos ees cee ae 115 septentrionalis ........ 595, 597, TAT INONA Gad crclnes enone oe aye aye iceeeraereey e 56 599, 600, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608 Nebullosa sso. Saeco eee ae ee 54 LELESNO VE 3-5-5225 - 2 a= 596, DIAMICE PS). 3). soles es ee see 114 597, 607, 608, 616,617 | Filinota hermosella..............--.......- 206, 207 WINOSUS sae ces aoe 595, 596, 598, penulviella Jesse ee. oe eee ee eee 207 599, 601, 602, 604, 605, 606,608 | Fisher, Walter K., New genera of starfishes ICHINOSELODUSI ect e erent seek elses ecia ce 295, 305 from the Philippine Islands..............- 415 mHedonellameathi=ssacas a 2-cec te eee ce esece 589 | Fishes, new genera and species of, from Japan Hien ChiusiGenUICOMMIS! =. lL. - sss. snes <- = 492 and the Riu Kiu Islands..........- 525 PBWASIS@RGIN Chaya ee ets eee cee ek ee eens 552 of the family Cheetodontidz from the Emballonura anambensis..........--.--.-- 1325133 Philippine Islands, descriptions of MIONLICOLAMS ene oe eee ioe aie 132, 133 GA TCC IC Were eae ere ee eee ee 319 pusillatwes cngceccescceetca se 132 1as|) Missurides bermMudensises ease. sees ees. ee 286 HINIGHOCTINUS YS Pee ceememe so se eie ces ceisssisie 49 (Stenoplax) bermudensis -....-..- 288 Endcoxocrinus wyvillethomsoni.............- 7,45.) Elathishes, notes on twOwarese =... ace elle 201 PO plonnceniushess sees to ew ole oo 562 | Florida, an electric ray and its young from the epacogesulphuriang.-<. 22.0... 222.2 02.0.2 227 west coast Olssh =): -sasesg- nese eee eee 231 HI peolus pUsillisssea sve oS he wwe mz e ata 247, |) Montatia Pracilises..= 7.25 -2- ane ee 626, 628 MPI S ANAM Drees sess ees ve sale cee = LOS! lh irenelacs= 322528 h. Jose Guecisea naar 301 AS PCR eps soe cee a a ccraimrecieinete ates TOGA |S EPETO1OPSIS seperate ate atelayais eeelay cretatatel t= eee ere 301 Dale leenaanme a eee Ay ots Soha Tee 105 ' Funambulus insignis diversus..........-.--- 79 662 INDEX. Page Page. Gaillardia pulchella eect eee eee eee eee eens 255, 256 Halictts alexoidests. <<... oi. dseec be ane eee 242 Galeopterus'abbotti- -.-- = 5- 2 -c0 sence a-- == 126 CAIGGATIIG TA Sie oe oO ee 249 aoris....-..------------+-------- 125 interruptusissas¢ eee eee eneeee 242 IDOrNeAaM Sie. see e 124, 125, 126 THOTIOM ER hte 242 Jatitensisses-s-seeseeere sees 125, 126 nikkoensisen. 20.24 241 pumilus....--------+++++-+++++- 126 TUM PHSeAriiNe eee ae ee 508 Galiteuthis armatar ee scenes etna sinc n= 592 pauxillus tee s2e- seek ccs eee 242 phyllura........-----------+--+-- 592 Quadninotatus:.25.----5---ee eee 242 Gastrochaena rostrata......-..---.----+----- 288 SPANSIISM ES enc) cos). ee ee 508 Geimitziaeeer ees sean cain ebAaekee eels 314 Gumiilorums. <2. c2k cee 242 Gophiynocrinusesec see 2 s2ese-8i- eran eases 12 VOSA ELIS I = ee, se jcorae 0) sie ken ee 508 grimaldii.........-...-----.-- 5,7, 46 ZOpRy CUS: ciate. Gale dee eee 508 Glasses, sporadic, on the supposed origin of. . 481 Hiamines:suecinea... ooo eee 287 Glischropus tylopus......-.-------+++++++++- 134 | Hasta argentidorsella..............-..---2-2- 210 Glosselus........-..----+-----f+2-+2---22220-- 450). | sees bolts: 86'S cee. cas ee 186 musaruMm...--------------------- 163,165 | Helarctos CUTrySpIlUS ai Sec i... Scene eee 120 naresil......----.---------------- 166,167 | Helenium tenuifolium..............---.----- 256 Glyphisodonsviolaceuses:s).-22--0 seen a 585): | Seren Bint TS ees ae eg Le ge 253, 255 Gly ptarscitulavee eferasecan oe se oan tees 196 Pumas. 23) ev 568, 571 Glyptocephalus cynoglossus....-...-.------- 548 Helioperca =... tates. nek eee 373 SAS - .------------ 22-222 +e 548 emerophila...2 22 22 Sccct.. shoe eeeeneeeeee 228 PANO NHS pooeae oe eee es sS5 nee 548 | Hemigalus hardwickii...........-..-..------ 117 Glyptostrobus. .........--------------- 290, 292,303 | teniochus monoceros......-----------+-+---- 323 brookensis.......-- 291, 297, 302, 303 Sinpulariviseeee.= see eee eee eee 321 angustifolium..... 302 | Herpestes brachyurus.........--------ee+-+- 117 expansuS...---------------- 291, 297 Semitorquatus 3 oa--nac ee eeeeee eee 117 fastigiatus.....--------------- 291 | Heterometra gravieri............22--22-e0--- 8, 25 groenlandicus.......-.--.---- 303 jOUbiNi sss. eee ee 8,25 TaMoOsuM......-.----------- 302, 303 TOV MAC aes ae eee 25 Goldberger, Joseph, A new trematode (Styph- Sear ca eee a 2,5, 9, 14, 21, 24 lodora bascaniensis) with a blind Laurer’s Heteromeyenia plumosa.........-....------- 593 Canal... -.----------22-- 02-2222 e ene eee e ee 233 Tadiospiculataes: ss. eee eeee 593 Gonada falculinella.........-...------------- 211 | Hippoglossoides dubius...............------- 546 GOnNIOteRITMA etn cies ae ease ae eee eels 224 elassodonk. See eee 546 aNNG..-------------- 2-22-22 2---- 224 hamiltonieescepsssese sees 546 DUrMAannWiane = cece see 224 Ikatalkcurcess sane eee 546 €mmMa...-.-----------+------+--+ 226, || Hipposideross 2: CES oncpeces cere scceersoeeee 163 | Lepidotrigla kishinouyi...............---.--- 543 Insects of the order Strepsiptera, with de- Me PlOPOMUSs ee see pacies= Sa ee = eee ae 372 Schiptionsiol new Species. ......1.4sce5-----5- 487 4 Wepomis: <<... 4. ors ntes ee 369, 372,373,374, 375 Pantin Oeste focaccia nc cs ceeeeeceeeneees 634 SUIDULUSpeeea eee eee eee eee eeeee 370 Rotel aiela bra oe secon ese ceeseeaetecsece~ 634 BUTIGUS ates ceases oe Tee 371 SPOCIOSAH = 222 nase ccc dasamsa sseeeesctrs 634 cyanellus ss se se) arcsec eee 371 SPINOSA)s duc s- S2isacsscascseseae seta nse 634 @DTYOLUS = 2 scisc2 oto eee eee 369,371 HOWIUS Saaepes a eas sa csen. ose ew ae eeesie 457,458, 471 gibbosUs.02 22.2. 26oche eee se 370,372 RPM MINICISVISH S445 3560's 455, 458, 459, 460, 461 PUNT 5 Se. acem en sce ne eee ee 370 LODIGUS Es Seecacsasase ieee eatacees ones 78 Merose see ake ee an eee 370, 371 OMME MUSE a sens wsees sedate ese Seas 460 Holbroolki.: 2 ssc cae eee ee 369,371 PIA bAMUSeescene mesa nee eRe eae 459, 460 mer alovisesee ccea eee eee 371, 374 RMOIMAS OTs ers Pas Bite cians Sas casa te 78 NoOpes OMMiHe wens S45 --eeee sacs 369 (Iphiaulax) Cyanopterus clypeolus.......... 47 pallidus! S322 =-- see eeee eee 370,373, 374 Tridometrase jceckwaisa\- ee cisateheae saceiooess 6 PEN AK ss cece enseea eo eaeeeeeeess 374 PEDIV |) tae -fersate stabi ae se cee aie 5,9,42 | Leptodemas cariniscutis..........-...-.-.--- 194 MAUL GIAT Bers saeco eae 385 Japan. descriptions of new genera and species inornatum: = .--5----- 385 OMS MEG UITOMM seen rae lel efaie late leleva a= ere si<1=10 525 GerralVoOGnSse =< <.5 5-5-2 = seem 385 TREO SS A ee a ee ee 148 LA TeL OSS seme eee eae 385 Tiaindkmiveliy as San gd Fe ee ee ee eee eee tr = 527 Jarum......--.------------2-n--< 385 MAP LON AS. . «5222-45 -0222 eee enone 556 PUSH aS leeks et cee ee eee late. l 43 TUM POSsss52sccrsson ses eee 556 Philip, Hoffman, The Abyssinian ethnological PU OCAEPUSS os<1:2 52s esate ae 298 collection gathered by -...-----222--s-e-- 5-- 260; |) Pod ocid aris? .5=.c2s64.eo eee ee 651 Philippine Islands, new genera of starfishes Bododesmusitudis: 24... 2 eee 228 from =<. 2 22----- == 22 415). |) Podothecusistunioides.. 5.22 2-Ja00 see eee 541 three new fishes of the KyStes: 2s 65 sses Soe 541 family Cheetodontide POSTS ee ats ee 497 from......------------ 319 aurifers ss: 232-2 ese 498, 507 iPhobocampe crassiusculacsmeseese- se ceee a 480 hebreus occ: = ee ee 507 Bbygadeuon = 2. -- 22-22-2222. - 222-22 naa 193 MOLTICUSH. Hasso eee 487, 489, 507 (Bathymetis) patulus........-- 193 rubiginosus-...-2sses5.555- eee 507 (Daictes) fukaii-..-...........- 194 Vara tuss sens. baa acer 488, 490, 507 (Mastrus) neodiprioni. -.......- 195 Pblydesmiuse.-c-- eee ee eee 457,626 Phyllorhina zalerita<-5.-5-8 veesscatescsccne 129 luge ee 627° lanvatae jaca deme eee re ccc 128 Pictetlsaas seco ee 628 icoidesiaimernicantus:2.-55- 0 Sie eee ee 617 Polylepis-. 24 sos0- 525). ee 627 ICUS At GU DONA es ne ee oe eee eee 599, 600 Poly potdSese:sdssc )ss-cccd seed ee 559 canadensis .....---.---.------------- 598,600 | Polypus californicus............-.----------- 590 Cuvieri..--.-----------+-- +2202 22222 604 leioderman ccs. oco565sce eee 590 harrisi....--------------++++++--++-++++ GIS |> Pelystenidean..-c.05-0-ceccseos- eee 186 tnswlanises oe Jb. sacs. cee esa eeee 603 metacomet:. <2... eee 187 jarani esos. Ss thoes eeeees enone 618 pales. idk) Se 186 Leucomelanus) 2244-5. --ciseeeaeeeties 598, 600 Polystenus 2222.04. Ae 186 leu Come as items e as eer 598;'G00" |) pith tigi no eae ee 372 (Leuconotipicus) jardinii.............. 618 pallidus... ist... 371 martin ae dae ee eee a oa 598, 599 Pongo pygmeus pygmeus..........------ 142,144 martini Ld PAGAL A Nm aie thir Cpe eS 598, 600 Pontioeeramus =. 52) sss5.cese-es8 see eee 420, 422 philippst so 2520222 ccnissemebeeeeese 598, 600 grandis... 5... Sane 421 septentrionalis....-..--.-.-.---------- 604 Porogyhia Ibis. Ses Sek eee 644,645 villosus.......-- Sh vabdindtabesy a a aca Pe 598, 599 Portheria: disparsi.! 91.5 Soo. eee ee 480 WAT AO BISN spene- Doe sh rte: ue Potamophilus barbatusts-22 -2>-eessee eee 117,118 MOEGIMIS: sey ccc asec 598, 600 i TMI Of ser teresa cine noainee es 601 Erepiaus ee vue bee Te ey = Pierce, W. Dwight, Notes on insects of the Presbytis. . SS RETEST aT Oe Say Gate oe ice ceaeaaata 60 order Strepsiptera, with descriptions of new Oristata: <--.--- 2-2-2. 2208S R see 58, 140 BBCCIER Ee anna aie ad Meares SAR AD ame 437 | Priocnemis idoneus................---------- 556 PM pPla MS bl SALOM on ae sete oleae siete = ele iseraateicl= 480 subconicus..-.-.---..-.-2-.....- 596 (Pimpla) disparis’../7 2222-0. eo 480 subopacus........----------+---- 556 porthetrias.. Peete ee 480 | Proanthidium kashgarense.......-..-------- 250 IPAMITCS esa ae ceo a eee ete ots cele 312,317 oblongattm:. - 2 Sees 251 SOMMSTS 5055s aa enn Bere aectisie ae mien 3137315: || Prodeniavomithoralli: 2220252522 ee eee 191 PAMUS Seo sate sal Ae Oe See a eee eae 289,315 | Protapanteles..25--220320.5252s5se eee 187, 188 POLELSENIs 522 f3s Side oe ous Soca eee 315) | Psathyrometra:.:!25.2-2-5-2--pseseeee eee 10,14 SChistacs Woo tsa cia deaecece eee 316 | Pseudanthias venator.: .>----22l-eeeeees eee 529 Seedrolesece jac seas ae eee naar 316) |p eseudapantelesvesescesseen es saeeee eee 188 SUDMANPINgi ans. ce ee eee Ce eeeee eee 312 annuliecomist-255-.eee eee 177 SVEIMONOENSISH See we ee poe ceeiacteats 316,317 | Pseudomasaris coquilletti.............------- 555 Pisoniconformis: = 2222s. <2 ceass ss 2csdettacceee 570 edwardsil: .:,22 2 ..sc2eee ames 555 CTESSONU Nike oc as acecin was cee eerios 570 | Pseudomelecta interrupta.......---.-------- 246 Riphecus ba weanuses-o-2-2p on seceeseeee cl 137,138 | Pseudopanurgus labrosiformis.........-..--- 509 DEOCAL eiec ee cac see meeeeaeeneceaeee 137 Yabrosusss4:-./2-s-eeeeeee 497, 509 GanMathe 25.25 dje.c eles wiatcine seers 137,138 rudbeckize....... 489, 497, 509, 510 CUDIGUS S2 fs- sci tectcu seccmee cose 137, 138 SOMGSRPMIS. sem aese eee eee 510 AMANO LOW aniS sees secs eee Ceene ee 137,138) || PSBUdOXONOSE A Stace socee nee cease 498 MemestrinuUs sss. so-so Nase cen ese 136, 138 arVensidis: Avasce. sense seen eere 499, 506 Plants, gymnospermous, from the Potomac Orynnidis'’s wie etete ele ieerel i= 536 Seed'of Pinus? species: 22.5. 222-222 --ce-- == 316 Semele‘proficua.....-...--.2------------2--" 288 ermnibiehimleemcteecee vase eels ee aerate 384 inatill Abba Goo meonecoosooeses 384 668 INDEX, Page Page. Semibittium attenuatum.................-.. 388 | Sorex personatus, lesueurii................ 378, 379 boreales we neeenecce 384 Dlatynbinvste. see ee 378 latifilosiinee eas ee 384 | South America, descriptions of tineoid moths moultifilosum...... 384 MOM ios soac ese ocaime se eee seee eee oaee 205 TVLCHO IS ere eee cei eens Se Wi AS DAUDIN Sees sss: cee eee See cee RE aoe EE 185 1a 5) as BS oa a py ne da os4o sphenolepidiumsss. 4.2. e eee eee 289 (PUT PUTeMIM mes ee estan oe 384 _ dentifoltinme seca cere see 310 Quadrifilatumy \-2- 32-22 osu 384 Ughbigkhabnodye ese 562 Ss5556 291 TUPAC UMS erate ee ee ee ose 384 parceramosum.....2..2-522 291 SuUDplanatimsse eee ae sess eee 384 recurviolUme eee ee ae VWANCOUVerense® oo eee as acisicye 384 sternbergianum...... 293, 294, 297 Semnopithecus chrysomelas.............---. 140 densifolium 293, 297 ALODGAUUS As enon cece eee 140 WITSINICUMA ss see eee 291 TUDIGUNG ase ee eee 13su iS phenolepise js. cnc- scan cose eee eee 289, 290, 292 Senecio cyambalarioides._..--.2 02.22.2222 -- 554 kurriana ..... 291, 292, 293, 296, 297, 303 DEQUOIBE = ana ee elees ieee ascites 289, 292, 307 sternbergiana ........ 293, 294, 311, 312 Esha dl] ovkea Oh See oe eye ner 294, 297,310,311 Sternibermiantisy eee eee eee 293 COUNLESIES 2 yates site tise ie ais iece apn eiemicte 308 | Sphex (Ammophila) pictipennis............. 502 Gelicaimla sje ers saeec eine sae sone 310 WIIPariS:>- ci Me eee eee 503 Gensvoliaen st. cereete ee esse a eee nee 308 4. CAMIPESETIS 6s ere on aicne ate oer ee 508 STACIISUN RASC aac see tae 293,310,311 IMCtUOSA =... a aye ee ee 508 ANTENNA SS cites acige come estieee tae 308 (Psammophila) luctuosa............- 502 ae lophylloid coe see 202 | Sphyroncotewenlasss-22-eee ee eee eee eee eee 637 pectinabarnns -sscieeercs cece ese ces 309 uncinata.. 637, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646 MEIC HEM DAC hie eee eee ee 308; 309;310>|) ‘Spiro bolellus: jmace eee sees eee ene 163 longifolia tee cce= aes 308 Tichardsoni ec ceasce see eee 163 TAU Ft Ee Var ae er ae in 5 tn Oa 309 ||) Spirobolusie---24-- 2 dccs- 4. scene eee 150 SCINIPEHVATENS ae ence e aeec eee 308 MATES. 3 o82. ioe e ee ee Eee 166 NPCCIOS es ere ae See meee cr ane 308 MietanUsi-ces cece eee 154, 157 EWI OWIENE eoesadepcsehioneasoosece 309,310 |) Spizaétus limmacétus) 520222. ens eee eee 125 washing tonilana 2... 2s. s.0 sce secee 308 | Sponges, fresh-water, in the collection of the WOOMWANGI sje oe ct aoe eee 309 U.S. National. Museum:........=..---+--- 593 Besamiantsca sean neces en cee aa 183) SpongillawertmMosase ees —ee eee eee 593 SexrAva Mule shee ees seen aces een 504,505 | Stanton, Timothy W., Final supplement to Shells, new species of, from Bermuda....... 277 the catalogue of the published writings of Shrews, long-tailed, of the eastern United Charles Abiathar White, 1897-1908 ........ 197 States, description of a new species. ...... 377 | Starfishes, new genera of, from the Philippine Siderlasterisss aso scons se see Hee ae Se 417,419 TISISIVASS es eas Sk aie Sect io ack 415 HICKO A AMPIPUA Nos acces ons sees eee emece soe 5514'|) 'Stelisieostalis-ecae eee] eee eee 247 Sierolomorphay. sass ee ee oe ea ce eee Ee 551 Nomis ses 2c se eee see eee 247 SUE TO se ate AS Fae aye nee ee an we lees ene H8);,080) lp Shenomaiacronitis.\1. ose ee eee eee 213, 214 Ghilensigemyetesscs see eee ee ae eee 587 BACON eo Uys are ee 221, 222 ATCT ITU ert pe ents eee cen aS bepress 587 aplicalis.s..<2<..5.2. neste see 215 INERT CATIUS Seite anatase eee ae ee ce 587 binubilacsa.224-he- 5-45 222 Sims erishataes sos sac ee ciaseeoaee 140 COMM G 1M LC oe ae ee a 218 MLEMMES TIMI A: See eal ere anne ptoere 136 CLOCUtAs 3.3 Ge Se )sacicn pee eeeae eee 222 ON AION STE) Se oes eee ree aE NL Za 144 emMass eis. welesece nn cee eee 223 BALE LOM sects oo sncieeawisee nice ae cme mee ates 650 Gisjecta ace) see ws eee ee 217 Sircneee eee eae eee at Be Pe eeaE Saunier 650 Cleans... -)(. o) |- Reenio penis. Aeee sc See ccne seeds esses aaa 289 IMOLGINATUS Ss ote - eee se cee sence ee 559 | Tanaostigmodes howardi.................--- 442 hubbardimess-e-------- 559 slosSOnd32 sc cawscceteeeene 442, Strepsiptera, with descriptions ofnew species. 487 tOtartus' ccc ceeseceeces Se 442, 443 Stibichtthen epee eaGaneroeOsGResmascaanoe aaa 384 CY CRI sassoecaise coe aes 442 Biylodesmust: 2o.c2scecessco- ce sees ce aes 4647) Darsius POMMeanussecce sass ces ceca eo aceceale 136 Sy OP Seana a saci nate oe soe ee iatie aeicicis 492 LATSIOL>. c.se chien oe ecinecec sass ee 136 ANGrenOld essere eee seein ase 493; SOS Ma mitesss saat suc ceeesecic dames ee seer eee 298, 300 ASTETIGISH Ss se saacisens noses ee 493,494,508 | Taxodium (Glyptostrobus) brookense....... 302 Ghildroenipeseeen eae ce ease seecce 508 angus- Clayton eee cece seek cere e os 494, 509 tifo- WICTOCKA SS ae cite eeie wlnin nies 509 lium. 302 PL eoMICH OTN. ee oer is ses elalorini 493 denticulatum.... 291 Fie Gl ONG OLISIS ate, ste = synte ia) iotcineicictae 494, 509 expansum...-. 291, 297 AmitatriEse see sal fle cs ese sees stes 494 fastigiatum...... 292 Mandi wlaniss se .\-1j- sewec cet = ete ae 494, 509 TamMoOsuime= 222-52 302 MUTGUPLCATHS Sa.ac- awe see Fee sesle 493 | Telenomus benefactor.........-..-..-------- 439 ASOD seers ee Senet le biela\seiacicie ae 509 LOWOeyieeere se eeeeee esses sere 441, 445 FNL SE ey ree rere ae ce a Siar feicisni 495, 509 Kineives eae heeessccesacceeeeesees 446 MUlMeCIss seesaw scree wie wie sie 495009) |S Melipomiseeess scams Saat eeace ccs seine 372 SOU GS sare tarde eee se eee sece ses 493 | Tentametrocrinus atlanticus.............--..- ri SPALSLPU OSE eyes sees oieisiaissois AG3s ||| Methyasteryace- sac. coe-ciasec ee mic ceeioe 417, 419 Subean idee s cestiesiaek - escc see ac 493 Subinermis:sonsssssccen see sascece 418 SWiOM Kile a ae teey es ers Bearer cteecrseeia sine 493 | Tetragonotheca ludoviciana..............--- 254 SWAG LIL OS opye terctntaleteraiero bye Hhaaicaieieiciwivicwin sisi 493,12 Rotralomiajchinensisecq- asen-eeceeeee ees 258, 258 Styphlodora bascaniensis.....2-50.-..--....- 238 floralides. 5 jnssecietosiacc ee eeesene 258 SOLMG AM ape = )atste) astereat\aracatercicrerete 236, 253 JAPONICA. 2h cz aaeeeeseeca nee 259 BUSH au DAU S cemeteries tt eeiste ais ainiarae < 62, 74 MItSUUTile seco cee ses see cele cine 257 UN AUDA ee em retaleielatets = .steinieiels si== cle 54, 56, 62, 75 NipPPONCMSISe asses eeeeeeee sae 258, 259 PUGS lee eeettatnet fs ete ae aterelarersicier 448 ORIN Wie te nosed ere eeeeenee 259 AR DAMNUIS SCA DAT ee set (ee ta ii ele lacie ies 440") “Netraneuris Jineariioliae 2 s-cce-- se 2 ee 254 USS O) Bree Re eee ee neces 440 } Tetraonarce occidentalis........-..--.------- 231 Icingisssee eee. LR Ree ake eT 4490 | Tetrastichus antiguensis.............-------- 447 Tachysphex amplus............----------- 570, 572 OVIVOTUS...--.-.-----++++++2++- 448 antenNaAbse see eteeet ls aseeee 580 punctifrons......-------------- 438 argyrotrichus..........-.-.--- B7O) 574 || LOW Ax VeUlA Xiao ~ niece erence sano Ones ROR atarlen tk ng oth: 57 Texas, descriptions of new genera and species : Gonsimnilice 6.5 te Fs Sepia) Nb ce a aT se Coguillattiaes-ss- eee seen ee 572 Pinel ASs CLEA eae e a ok ae 7 LUSitamicaas sp secs ceeeeeeeer 7,37 exsectus. PROSE SCO CERI NOs OP REGO. 573 ATU IS PIN see eer 8,38 fedorensis........-.-.........- 576, 577 GiliSsa ee eee 7,27 gillettei........-.........-2-2-5- Dien ecurusisumatres. 44. sseeaee eeeeeees seer Us Ive Ui GE eee ete eee 570 | Thompsoniella arcuata..........---------- 505, 506 hitel so-so soe saeeces sboasoes 580 TINT OTACAS UCI arora aa erate aiele tela ea ietatata steteteletata etatatat= Ale ENTER eGIUSe soem eee semen eeeeeee Doel MURA ase TAMING? seme ee ee sees ee eee eae 308 jOHNSONIeeeec sas see eee neee eee 573,574 | Thuites choffati............-.-.-2+---------- 291 670 INDEX. Page Page. Thuites (Cupressites?) kurrianus...+...--.-- 2910) Wintacninus.: . Ses. eere sess esse eee eeeeee 652, 653 Sfinothhol oe geeno oyu asndenoocoseoe ape 291 | Utensils of wood and horn belonging to the PTAMINCUSe see see eee eee 301 Philip Abyssinian collection, descriptions Thyreopus (blepharipus) melanius. -......-- 565 Offs seasgassactingsscee ssa osee Ot eeee eee 270 (Crossocerus) xanthognathus.. ... 566 | Vespertilio hardwickii..............-..-..-.- 134 (Thyreopus) venator......---.--- 565 MUTICOA=. 3 Sex= aisec ee eee eee eee 134 Mines bolivianas sos see ce ss=easeeecees-- eee 229 Vall pyTUste ss cease ee eeeee eee 127,128 Ae eee odlandeenoceccne sso5 esaun Eos 551 | Vesperugo (Glischropus) tylopus..........-. 134 NAM CAS See sasesi oahu wemerinnsca cole 5o2:||| Mesquiartourmaisiis.f:4--- esse ae sees eee 299 Morini aurileranare sae. cacsceisiswemeericisce ci 227 | Viereck, H. L., Descriptions of one new genus PAaraladeee ee sceceesecsessems=== ier 228 and eight new species of ich- MoryMUs MONtSeLratl.« -occ-anana=—-—--==--- - 441 neumon-flies ...........-.- 475 Moxophoroides see eee aan aieseaameeinestele= 196 Descriptions of six new genera Tragulus borneanus ...........-.-----0+---- 64 and thirty-one new species TOOK Cl atiae eects siete niememncte ec sis 69 of ichneumon-flies......... 173 Canimatee ss dc sosiscscenineenciscecmcrs 67,68 | Virgilina district of North Carolina and Vir- PUilvACOlliSss= cheeses sebeiieeeemeriaeces 67 ginia, the relation of bornite and chalcocite NOSES eee tec oatee ee eae smaceneaces 66, 67 in the copper ores of the.................-- 513 pica clill noe nace tet pee eta ee 67 | Virginia and North Carolina, The relation of: lon gipes se mmaae aaaaameeee er 66, 67 bornite and chalcocite in the cop- MA pW ses aeeeeses=eeince recess see 65 per ores of the Virgilina district of. 513 OMeANUS 2-00 sae asees eee 64 gymnospermous plants from the Po- MNISHICANS eae ee ae eeeaaaaeteelelete ale = l= 65 tomac group in, a revision of sev- replelltisser see reeemesmsee seer 64, 65 eraligenera Of. bh. ass ooseen cere 289 SODUCUSHE ce cnascbe seismic + nelasiesie=e 64) ‘Vitrinellaihelicoides:; 22> -5---9ss2-eeeeeeeee 288 VITPICOIS. saace ecco asiseniea serch as 67,68-; Viverra? binturong:.-22222.. ee nccoeeneeeeee 115 Treatise on theology, description of, in the hardwickil. 7: :.2c2. ceteesee seen 117 Philip Abyssinian collection..........-.--- 272 tangalungas 22: 22 =. s2s5-peemeeee 115, 116 Trematode, a new, description of.........-.- 233 | Wasps, descriptions of new species of.......-. 551 Mrichiy sip utes sees eae eee eee meee 113 | Weed, Alfred C., and Barton A. Bean, An Mridesmusere rest ceresces see seer= 453, 455, 458, 471 electric ray and its young from the POLLOLICCNSIS sie we eee eine= see hee == 459 west coast of Florida.............-- 231 SOC bli See sinen wlemeeiasaate eee laieie a 459, 461 Notes on the genus Lepomis......-..- 369 MrifonisiMirequenSec tess see ses n\e =e lei = 327 | White, Charles Abiathar, Final supplement Trigoniulus.....2..0.-2e---- 2-00-22 -------- 150 to the catalogue of the publishedwritingsof. 197 BIT OZOCOLae eae ee eiicteieieteteaie aieiealereieinteeteteretei=te 490: |) ®ilddringtonia: 25. 05.50.22 kee eee eee 301, 303 LOSI ine o ctarcreisice ince icin seine 43897491, NViGGrINnetOMILOS»=sec-)eere-eeeiteel 289, 292, 294, 301 NANG 5 4 oo oo a dogascoasanonsusucoonsensesans 650 brookense: 2. .222.<.sessecers 317 Trochospongilla leidyi...............-.------ 594 dunkeris. :-/s32A.eeseeneeeee 293 EDO PIG O DEACON area sine eeisln'= elelsiete = sislajeleeertte 184 gracilis: = ;.<25.cceeeeeeereee 292 Tropiometra carinata......-...-------- 3, 5,8, 34, 36 haidingeri!-- . 352 esesseeeees 291 GHCTINUS = anisseceeccese aces 9,14, 36 kurrianus 22 ssAsteee ener 291 [OUOR eramacdassouggescec 3, 7, 12, 36, 40 TAMOSUS sce. eee 297, 301, 302, 303 Fry OX WLOM = fais e= = <5 s1- (se ciclsiselesie semis tei e/ene 551 TOICHIL: «ie. oc ase eee 301, 303 MM bbFaNOV Ss Saeiso one aqadap dab soped anc poseSesoese 298 subtilis. 2.05 ci asceeeseeeee 301 UN aio sHey(ce raleahs B=) SS ea copodboode soe ec cose 122, 123 Un geri. 2 sceessoe ees eee 301 GOTSANS See ser eee cee sseeieeeee ass 1215123: Wyalliamsonias 2! 2-59) cece eceeeeomeeneeees 290 fermugines lONGIPeS. « cjeisieele seni - = 122 2 bibbinsis =<... sseeeee eee eee 313° gracilis swssae bes senseoetaeeeeese 122,123 | Woodpecker, hairy, a revision of the forms of Aniflatass oe ok ee eee een teak 122, 123 GOS es eisai eae srerniminie =e stele ete 595 Lon eipeses cas tesa eee 122.198))) KENOS.. 22sec om 2 eee cee ne == Eee eee 497 THOR ees tS Soe ee ee 123 Qunilericeess ce se cceces=sesee eee 498, 507 SPEClOSAe sce sc acne eee ee seat ee eee 121 species.....---------+++-2222---e----- 490 Splendidula= sees ee ee ee eee eee 122,123 | Kenotis..........-------------20-2e-ece-2000 373 Turbonilla aspera..........----------- 383,384,405 | Xystroplites gillii......-.-..-.--------eeee- 373 (Careliopsis) bermudensis....-.- 279, 287 longimanus....-..-----+-+------ 373 styliformis.......... 979 | Zatropis dewterUS.-. =... 22.