4 ov La eer ara latent ataereated aah yaa vg dane 4 oD tS ae om a ae 1) yaya aye tt halgr ita , A ryat eecann ( A be te Uy pair 1 Onn tats nage , Aix 4 hse ee ae ALY Wak: Ya ed WL at a4 Lasse Aattaty oem} yA ry iPM wa et 4 aN » : Wh ates ens 4 ‘ ya ata ale aa any eva ee BACAR ti H ‘ ' oe n PAL ashlee A 44 Chega meat a ts wea ¢ * > ane CA . ‘ HY Hay eN iy " a's eglal gh neve ay 4s Met on Chace esa! tna eased aed Het AA aera neh 7 Hf DIO be) aa Pinta MMR TET KOR RL Uk (le Oy a a rat aaveet & , YA WUE Gat ba ted ph ys th 8 Cn Lee uM * : Gite Wo SD megie be : 1 ni eet ee i) ‘ yf Ts Uae ae Wie. RRA PK MOANA. rw Wor. Lu ey Nn L) ee ay) rae visit) ri) Vee en os Ca | et Vas ERK Ie mea Ny eid ett esti ey Bch RI eas oh SPU ta We Sa tee) ¥ verte: } Ae 4S, 1 wh ina s rie ‘i tadaratarbe aT ANS Lk AIAN A \ CAR EU TO UR IL INNES at a APC TRS UC bead i a a ins ett PAY 4 sai Woy aaah \ Monte 18h ry ti A aie ¥ AR ah) Abin We yet ie nt Wi ht * 4 Chk ie Al AA kali xen Avy ey ii ‘ - nae ¥ ' it 4 Wh int Satoh hats 8k vi) hie thy a y f t } Shaw 4 ESSAI lu ty 8 oP SE apna Gh oy ti " aes a Ka Rea rasnonisnl ca We f oh 5 Oey Ayih ttn gtyt vy PUAN Tet ath sty ee ei lh MOREY 4) A * Mian i At TE Eataatisi) ‘ . ' i \ cw ae Hit j 2 ah ae Aen eae ete: ae A abt Rate init ‘ait Aue? pe i i NA, 4 F ‘ ‘i © ay oF itt on 4 A Si i } ‘ 1 . \ Wty ig, DORE SABRENT Weare Weg, ay ee) Aegan 4 OAH REA “« OWA PT seh 1) AP Rt ei OMe | Mj Par ie RAR RN nia ib es : te vA ie ai ANDERS OAT RMIMC CRORE PON ary MaN LLU a Ri) Wis aaa ai Miya 40'4 9 O] weit) view A \@ ‘ta‘agbuat eat 49.9 SAMO cf 4st ‘ a y ei LORIE SAL CIN bY CAnuR un SDE ADEN ya agit, yin i) nn ’ ea A FSeneen Ait y's H i Bah ¥ tt) vit ‘a yl ‘ Wine SE UMN \ ENA WN A Boehed CaaS Wevsttandt Ayr we ‘ BA fy i ie an . ea A a ata Wienwais ay aches) ( svt) Whe Ngai Riga ies 4 ') « v Meakin ‘ a et fi el aT La i RAS ay oe ne my wig, ei ti Pi i) Bh yi Ba HAE PSS Hiccups eats AG a SA Mn is peiaseatss Here H imp We ye iw Us PASE eos WM ree i a vA rhe Hi - ‘ 6 ey ; , i Be ty vl : 4 t ts Ae n syst aeaans ahah 6s Palas Se in Aa ihn ae Hay \ Pn | Rak Hue Rens he Ninh a fi aoe a Pies Pre ea RAD We Saige att iW 9 40 shy i i 7 CNeN in! sieht Sani Sbetnos ty Wee KC CD ‘4 Av ance t Wyant Ware wrap y ny vn 4 a eohati? Ahab uy eee | i ens ch t met a's: me th th iY \ i Vow ) Vy \ Navin . 44 ita eu HOLA ih Of Pe Lords ais eek aie ge th vy es sitet SG wv A) i ” MACE ottn Viaas PUPA OPER AC SLA Ai Nea SHihgdidete ay oye Xn 4 va Kean ay ee 1 Pesacnresi : vend “ Lh iy i tok Mr, , on we he Pe. YN Mae ep SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 41» WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1912 ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two series—Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the importance ofthe more: ‘pronipt: ‘dissemination of new facts, a limited edition of each paper is printed. in: ‘pamphlet form in advance. The dates at which. these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents Of. the: volume. “The present volume. is-the forty-first of this series. ‘The Bullet, :publigation of which was begun in 1875, is a series of more élabovate’ papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings, based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the ‘‘Special Bulletin,” has been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed indispensable. Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as ‘‘Contributions from the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the botan- ical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. RicHARD RATHBUN, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, In charge of the United States National Museum. May 20, 1912. II TABLE OF CONTENTS. Bartscu, Paut. New marine mollusks from Bermuda— ieetesiat Oe OMe uk hohe Fale he New species: Cerithiopsis hero, C. cynthia, C. iontha, Triphoris bermu- densis. The recent and fossil mollusks of the genus Alvania from the west coast of America.—No. 1863. November Rte A ws Wl ae et a sca New species: Alvania trachisma, A. californica, A. pedroana, A. montereyensis, A. profundicola, A. hoodensis, A. galapagensis, A. nemo, A. rosana, A. fossilis, A. iliuliukensis, A. cosmia, A. halia, A. ima, A. clarionensis, A. lara, A. almo, A. oldroydz. The West American mollusks of the genus Am- phithalamus.—No. 1854. June 30, 19111..._.....__-- New species: Amphithalamus tenuis. The West American mollusks of the genus Cin- puln.—_No: 1871... Webruary 8, 19124 22.4. e282 5... New species: Cingula alaskana, C. katherine, C. montereyensis. The West American mollusks of the genus Nodu- moO 1sos. . AUmust 22, POLS. soe tk New species: Nodulus kelseyi, N. kyskensis. Basster, Ray S. The Waverlyan period of Tennessee.— pedicle. cima. 24, POM Bs Spo oo te 1d yee oh ces Berry, Epwarp W. A revision of the fossil ferns from the Potomac group which have been reterred to the genera Cladophlebis and Thyrsopteris.—No. 1862. October 6, et veers ME ee SUC AUS ate ye rahe Boetrcuer, F. L. J. Preservation of osseous and horny fissUest Noa tS7o. January 22 W9b2 is yy CatMANn, Witi1AM T. The Crustacea of the order Cumacea in the collection of the United States National Museum.— Moetenue PARE G. loto = = fa eet Sa eee New genus: Oxyurostylis. New species: Cyclaspis varians, Heterocuma diomedex, Bathycuma (?) longicaudata, Leptocuma minor, Eudorella monodon, Eudorellopsis biplicata, Lamprops (?) beringi, Diastylis dalli, D. bidentata, D. alaskensis, D. planifrons, D. nucella, D. aspera, D. argentata, D. sulcata, Oxyurostylis smithi, Colurostylis (?) occidentalis. 1 date of publication. Page. 303-306 300-362 263-265 485-488 289-291 307-332 697-705 603-676 III IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. CrarK, Austin Hoparr. A new unstalked Crinoid from the Philippine Islands.—No. 1849. June 24, 1911*____- New species: Comaster taviana. CocKkERELL, T. D. A. Names applied to bees of the genus Nomada found in North America.—No. 1852. June 30, WOU SOA eres chen Coe See eee ee New species: Nomada xantholepis, N. (Gnathias) custeriana, N. (Xanthidium) arizonica, N. osborni. CRAWFORD, J. C. Descriptions of new Hymenoptera. No. a= No:“1855. “sane o0, 1914S. fe ee eee New genera: Sophencyrtus, Leurocerus, Agiommatus. New species: Halictus sansoni, Scelio pulchellus, S. froggatti, S. fulgidus, Telenomus abnormis, Dissolcus tetartus, Haltichella stokesi, Chalcis compsilure, C. thracis, Eurytoma pyrrhocerus, Bephrata paraguayensis, Perilampus nesiotes, Sopcencyrtus townsendi, Leuro- cerus ovivorus, Agiommatus sumatraensis, Tetrastichus echthrus, Euplectrus bussyi, E. medanensis, EL. insulanus, E. agaristx, Ela- chertus euplectriformis. New name: Hurytoma nesiotes. Doo.itTLE, ALFRED A. Descriptions of recently discovered Cladocera from New England.—No. 1848. July 15, 1911?- GitMorE, CHARLES W. A new fossil alligator from the Hell Creek Beds of Montana.—No. 1860. September 9, POLL * beta). 210) te, Us 1). SE ee ene a ee ee oe New genus: Brachychampsa. New species: Brachychampsa montana. A new mosasauroid reptile from the Cretaceous of Alabama.—No. 1870. January 31, 19121___-__--_---- New genus: Globidens. New species: Globidens alabamaensis. The mounted skeletons of Camptosaurus in the United States National Museum.—No. 1878. February 1, i NL Hanna, G. Datitas. The American species of Sphyradium with an inquiry as to their generic relationships.—No. 1865. October.14, 1911 °.. =.) ee ee New species: Sphyradium hasta. JORDAN, Davip Starr, and Witi1AM Francis THOMPSON. A review of the Sparide and related families of perch-like fishes found in the waters of Japan.—No. 1875. January Oo 1gpg se Oe OP ae New genera: Taius, Evynnis. New species: Erythrichthys scintillans. Page. 171-173 225-243 267-282 161-170 297-302 479-484 687-696 371-376 521-601 1 Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Kirx, Epwrn. The structure and relationships of certain Eleutherozoic Pelmatozoa.—No. 1846. June 7, 1911 1_- New species: Edriocrinus dispansus. OBERHOLSER, Harry C. A revision of the forms of the ladder-backed woodpecker (Dryobates scalaris [Wag- fof): Nios 1847.) -Jume-30,- T9112. eee 2 ee New subspecies: Dryobates scalaris ridgwayi, D. s. percus, D. s. leucoptilurus, D. s. azelus, D. s. agnus, D. s. eremicus, D. s. cacto- philus, D. s. symplectus, D. s. centrophilus. RavDc.iFFe, Lewis. Descriptions of fifteen new fishes of the family Cheilodipterid, from the Philippine Islands and contiguous waters.—No. 1868. January 31,19121_____- New genus: Neamia. New subgenus: Amioides. New species: Amia diencxa, A. parvula, A. hyalina, A. diversa, A. nigrocincta, A. uninotata, A. striata, A. albomarginata, A. atro- gaster, A. (Amioides) grossidens, Neamia octospina, Cheilodipterus nigroteniatus, C. zonatus, Synagrops serratospinosa, Hynnodus megalops. Notes on some fishes of the genus Amia, family of Cheilodipteride, with descriptions of four new species from the Philippine Islands.—No. 1853. July 15, 1911 1_ New species: Amia compressa, A. angustata, A. robusta, A. versicolor. Ransom, Brayton Howarp. Two new species of para- sitic Nematodes.—No. 1864. October 31, 19111_______- New species: Trichostrongylus falculatus, T. calcaratus. Rouwer, 8. A. Descriptions of new species of wasps in the collections of the United States National Museum.—No. Sees amen 22 LOLA! 3 Pt Pe Meds) ashe op New genera: Paramellinus, Arigorytes, Trichogorytes. New species: Odynerus (Stenodynerus) canamexicus, Ancistrocerus (Stefancistrocerus) ceanothi, Pseudomasaris phacelle, P. albifrons, Tiphia canamexica, T. mexiana, T. fulvitarsis, Pycnomutilla har- moniiformis, Dasymutilla georgiana, D. plesia, D. errans, D. bos- quensis, D. blawa, D. ferrugatella, D. coloradella, D. segregata, D. bruneri, D. texensis, D. mesille, D. blawana, D. champlaini, D. carolina, D. scrobinata, D. allardi, D. formicakia, Rhinopsis melanog- nathus, Sphex (Sphex) nigropilosus, Bembyx cameroni, Trichogorytes argenteopilosus, Cerceris gandarai, C. flavotrochanterica, Stenocrabro plesius, Trypoxylon basile, T. politiforme, T. gandarai, T. leucot- richium. New subspecies: Pseudomasaris zonalis neomexicanus, P. z. basirufus, Dasymutilla coloradella virginica, D. c. kamloopsensis, D. segregata Jinnt, D. mutata miamensis. New name: Trypoxylon saussurei. New variety: Dasymutilla ferrugata, var. balabetet. 139-159 431—446 245-261 363-369 447-478 1 Date of publication. VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Rouwer,S.A. Newsawflies in the collections of the United ‘Pash. States National Museum.—No. 1866. October 14, 19111. 377-411 New genera: Conocoza, Nithulea, Craterocercus, Selandridea. New subgenera: Stromboceridia, Eustromboceros, Emphytina. New species: Acantholyda (Acantholyda) pini, Derecytra variipennis, Haplostegus mexicanus, Conocoxa chalicipoda, Nithulea nigrata, Loboceras trimaculatum, Hemidianeura albocoxa, Atomacera decepta, Caloptilia piceoterga, Acordulecera knabi, Lycaota coloradensis, Marlattia erythrothorax, Platycampus juniperi, Pteronidea winnane, Pachynematus alaskensis, P. picex, Selandridea vanduzeei, Nesose- landria rufonota, Aneugmenus flavitarsis, A. nigritarsis, A. diversi- color, Stromboceros (Stromboceros) barretti, S. (Stromboceridea) pilosulus, S. (S.) plesius, S. (S.) urichi, S. (S.) pallidicornis, S. (Eustromboceros) melanopterus, S. (E.) xanthogaster, S. (E.) gan- darai, S. (E.) leucostomus, Strongylogaster tuberculiceps, S. melano- gaster, Scolioneura luteopicata, Empria schwarzi, Emphytina pul- chella, E. virginica, E. pallidscapa, Pseudosiobla cephalanthi, Dimorphopteryx abnormis, Aphilodyctium maculatum, Perineura turbata, Tenthredina cylindrica, Macrophya dyari, M. napensis, M. fuscoterminata, M. errans. New subspecies: Aneugmenus flavipes occidentalis, Allantus cinctus nigritibialis, Aphilodyctium multicolor erythrogastrum, Tenthredo elegantula oregana. New varieties: Caloptilia nubeculosa rosenbergi, Lycaota spissipes brunneus, Taxonus (Parasiobla) rufocinctus virginicus, Dimor- phopteryx pinguis errans, D. p. virginica, Aphilodyctium rubripes nigritarsis. New name: Emphytina plesta. RuTHVEN, ALEXANDER G. Description of a new salamander from Iowa.—No. 1874. January 22, 1912+____..-_-.-- 517-519 New species: Ambystoma stejnegert. ScHALLER, WALDEMAR T. Crystallized variscite from Utah. No.°1867.. January 31, 1912.4... 28 Sac ee Smiru, Huew. Description of a new Notidanoid shark from the Philippine Islands, representing a new family.—No. 1872. February 8, 19121... 2.3.5 ee oe eee eee ee New family: Pentanchide. New genus: Pentanchus. New species: Pentanchus profundicolus. The Squaloid sharks of the Philippine Archipelago, with descriptions of new genera and species.—No. 1877. February: 8, 191214 2.0.22 2 wets 2 a Ree eee ae New genera: Nasisqualus, Squaliolus. New species: Squalus philippinus, Etmopterus brachyurus, Nasis- qualus profundorum, Squaliolus laticaudus. Springer, Frank. The crinoid fauna of the Knobstone formation.—No. 1850. June 24, 19111__............. 175-208 1 Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS. STEJNEGER, LEoNHARD. Description of a new Amphis- benoid lizard from Peru.—No. 1856. July 15, 19111___- New species: Amphisbena townsendi. Descriptions of three new batrachians from Costa Rica-and Panama.—No. 1857. August 14, 19111______- New species: Spelerpes picadoi, Hyla ceratophrys, Gastrotheca coronata. THompson, WILLIAM FRANCIS, and Davip STARR JORDAN. Pesunier JORDAN. DAVID STARR 9. J. | 0. be Vrereck, H. L. Descriptions of one new genus and three new species of Ichneumon-flies.—No. 1859. August 28, ee a yt eer eh oe ane ee eB New genus: Zaleptopygus. New species: Celoides brunneri, Megarhogas theretre, Zaleptopygus obereex. Wuire, Davip. The characters of the fossil plant Gigantop- teris Schenk and its occurrence in North America.—No. es or ermere POU2 Fos ke ek be 1 Date of publication. VII Page 283-284 285-288 521-601 293-295 493-516 CONDOR WN WCWwWWWWWWWWONNNNNNNONN NKR RP KP KE RP Eee ee wR BR OO Noro CO LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing page. MEET CAOLOTOUD AN {ce tccd toc cs Stee tat os sta eae etdes voy ck eal neni Cute PTOMI satan ta PSEC alee Sacer). «2 UNE ee Sey! RRC EOTOUS Dec Dern og uaa stent Sedo! Sybian Ue ke Ua Mate PEeRnurea (on OrOUp) Wii) o 0h eee ie ate oetack b aeeiut en Us Beeritinides aL proups) Lande be o.25. 50630. Jtee wee ee dod ods led noha: BGiaenOL Prope lane Mil. 2 Sooo 552. eee eee. 2A te hyo te Beathcunen ar eroune do and Wl. i225 6.00. Jobe) Seek tera ek sucks aoecke s bic ree UMN Gd eae EMECPENES WD ee 2 52 5 oy Fes ahs 2 ae ie oe cre Ba acs BR os ly Permnoides of group Il... 2 22.52-+-5.-- igs cailetoat tes iets pee dd eva vit (es on byc whey mennoides 20d. Blastoidea of proup Tl.-.2. 2.222422 52522. .5 bbe see ok mernodes and Cystidea of sroups Il and TIT. 2.:........ 22... 2.2002. 2.0-5: . Ranges of the subspecies of Dryobates scalaris...........---------------+- Bem WEEIBIANIN CG AQUOLET Gor. 232 cS. See hoe StS 2s Be 22. Ss aoe Baa AOCERG = 2 Ie aes Wet ae ae BS) wos SLES oe Rees . New England Cladocera..............-- ra, or eae eon een Oe ae See cs aie Beem umn Cladgreyi ss 22. us. 2 eee 2 Sse Se aks eee eee Jt us) eee ( LEEN TEE 616 CITT S277 7 a ee re eerie Cladocera... 2 oo c0- as e ans ea es ret Be Mee et Rewer Dette mln OH ARO CET E12 5 Bae NS Nhe cea eeeec So ais = koe piss p= Lidia nes PAG OSCONUDT CSB cen, ee nite ee eee Solem uta? Ne eee ee nee . Amia compressa. Amia fasciata.........-..------ . Amia aroubiensis. Upper figure. Amia fasciata. Et TRIG RUD EMI ORCI Sa 5 ek BE Ste a Hata alors nib Sala wyopausie Sica Ae aici STAC TS ON Ra aoe nei SM oe ch ele Eades i ee = A ee SY a . Anterior part of skull of Brachychampsa montana. Palate view....-..----- Re we Ormeti a AISA a nee ae LANs. ces tee see De oe Rehr IMenicnm VAM 22th ke bs os ke be cela 8 ae yeh ee TCH ERICH ML TG See fate Nec his. . Leet aad ROE. ee ae ee . West American Alvania........-.-- Peale Ah ane Aires aoe Lec, Reel | UNMET PSA MTERRSY TCE SOT be WA) 0727s J aol a, ee PRE ee ery si Uiged Vaninciteurone (ith. 08 eo jee eae ie 2 oe al . 1. Amia diencea. 2. A. OT UCL UGA dale AUIUUILO LLL = ee eee Ne Amia striata. .2. A. albomergimata.. .3.. A. atrogaster.. 25:22... 232-5--- . Amia (Amioides) grossidens. 2. Neamia octospina. 3. A. hyalina....... il 1 . 1. Amia diversa, 2. A. nigrocincta. 3. Cheilodipterus nigrotxriatus......- I . Cheilodipterus zonatus. 2. Synagrops serratospinosa. 3. Hynnodus mega- NUN et ORG COD AEINS UADANUACTISIR 255 a =e oe eee 696 58) Skeleton of Camptosaurus brownt..222-22-2404s2-55-eoe-e ee 696 59. Mounted skeleton of Camptosaurus nanus.......------- - - --+-+-- Day 696 60. Mounted skeleton of Camptosaurus nanus...........------------+-+-+-+--+- 696 GleisSkeleton’ of Camptosaurus 1anussoss eo eeee e eeeee 696 TEXT FIGURES. Page TAINIG GNQUSEALO. rae k fee ck cine se ol nek oe oe he Ce Oe oe ee ee eee 253 ATO TOOUBIO ooo. sho 3 oo oe oa oe Se Ce oe aS OE Re 255 AMI VETSICOLOT (2523s. soe oe ho Site Soe ee re ee ee ee eee 258 Amphithalamus lacunatus....-.-.-- wg cts Shae Ree ee 263 Ampithalamusinclusus:.. Joe edareeenic dene nee oe ee 264 An phiihalamus tenuis 20>. sooo ee eee eee ee eee 265 Telenomus abnormis. Outline of antenna of female............---.----..----- 270 Bephrata paraguayensis. Outline of antenna of female.................------ 274 Sophencyrtus townsendi. Wing of female. Shading to show infuscation....... 275 Leurocerus ovivorus. Outline of antenna of female..............-.---------- 277 Leurocerus ovivorus. Detail of wing of female showing venation ....-.-.-.---- 277 Agiommatus sumatraensis. Outline of antenna of female..............------- 278 Nodulus cerinelliis. oo. 22s oe SS ee 289 NOG UIUS O88C So. 5252.00). SLE See ee 290 Wodulus kelseyt... . [- -B2 252 oe ee 290 Wodulus kyskensis:...- 2.2. 22. 22h ee es ee 291 Twelfth maxillary tooth of Brachycham psa montana. ’ Natural size. a, lateral view; b, posterior view... 2.22. 222-2 se 2 pe ane oe eee 301 Breve inosine faleutatiun. Bursa of male viewed from right side. d. r., dor- salray; e. d., externo-dorsal ray; e. 1., externo-lateral ray; l. v., latero-ventral ray; m. l., medio-lateral ray; p. l., postero-lateral ray; v. v., ventro-yentral TAY W(se civics ob Sc SLL SRS ee ee 364 Trichostr Gaguiis falculatus. Spicule and gubernaculum viewed from rightside. 364 Trichostrongylus calcaratus. Bursa of male viewed from left side. d. r., dorsal ray; e. d., externo-dorsal ray; e. l., externo-lateral ray; gub., portion of guber- naculum; /. sp., portion of left spicule; J. v., latero-ventral ray; m. 1., medio- lateral ray; p. l., postero-lateral ray; v. v., ventro-ventral ray......-..--.-- 365 Trichostrongylus calcaratus. Portion of bursa showing origin of dorsal ray; d. r., dorsal ray; e. d., externo-dorsal ray; p. l., portion of postero-lateral ray..... 366 Trichostrongylus calcaratus. Spicules and gubernaculum. gub., gubernacu- tum;-t. sp., left spicule; r. sp.;xightispicule

Ss <2 373 Animal of Sphyradium edentulum Draparnaud with the shell removed, show- PERE ne io cemno ee at anioe a atc ae Awa eee at at ose slakpae se eeee 375 Stay OF 6 PRYTUAIIN CHCNEMLUM 72-22-02 os. Se oee sees base kee 375 MT IOPOLA CHANCE OUE arta neat foa sok ce es owe soe le se ot sde dee ceecon 380 Bee Crn inOE AV UhIslee WiTALE == soon se soe a> eee owe 2 oe eee eee 381 Sheaths of Lycaota. a, of coloradensis Rohwer; b, of spissipes (Cresson)......- - 384 Apex of the sheath of Ametastegia (Emphytina) pulchella Rohwer. Figure to the left of the type; to the right of the paratype ............--..-..--+-..- 400 Apex of the sheath of Ametastegia (Emphytina) virginica Rohwer........------ 401 Apex of the sheath of Ametastegia (Emphytina) pallidiscapa Rohwer .........- 401 Apex of the sheath and the lower gonapophyses of Ametastegia (Emphytina) cana- a RR TREE Ieee ete eee hy ocr ne actos Sree yates wee aoe tense 402 Apex of the sheath and saw of Aimetastegia (Emphytina) canadensis (Kirby) -. 402 Apex of the sheath and saw of Ametastegia (Emphytina) aperta (Norton) ..-.... 402 Apex of the saw and sheath of Ametastegia (Emphytina) inornata (Say) .-.-.-- 402 The stigmal venation and sheath of Pseudosiobla robusta (Kirby) ..........---- 403 The stigmal venation and sheath of Pseudosiobla excavata (Norton) .........---- 404 The stigmal venation and sheath of Pseudosiobla cephalanthi Rohwer .- peeve pier: | | Figures of the apices of the sheaths and species of Allantus. a, b, of ae ee cinctipes (Norton); c, d, of A. cinctus nigritibialis Rohwer; c, is from the speci- men from Japan; d, of the specimen from China; e, of A. gillettet (Mac- Gillivray); f, of A. cinctus cinctus (Linnaeus); g, of A. mellipes (Norton).. 407 Variscite crystal, showing regular grouping of small particles. ................ 418 MELCTORY 8S he oe eas oe aes tes swe eae a SO A ae ELM eh 8 423 enpodcn enclosure of T7phia canamericd: ..-. 22... 2222 2s eee ee ee eee ee 453 SRM ETACHMONCINSUEG OF PIDRIC IEMIANG 2 one. on ee gee ss wis te bene iene tame 453 Apex of genitalia stipes of Bembyx primaestate......-.------ ee te Cee 466 Apical joints of the flagellum of Bembyx cameroni........-------------------- 467 meex of Ponitalia stipes of Bembyxr cameront.._----..-----.- 22... 222282 - ee oe 467 Apical joints of the flagellum of Bembyzx obsoleta.........-....--------------- 468 Beare vonirae plate of benvbys obsolete... 2... 2. 1-2 fon ee oS es ee one 468 Apex of genitalia stipes of Bembyzx obsoleta........--....------------- eee eee 468 Emargination of the apical ventral plate of Cerceris gandarai.........--------- 470 Emargination of the apical ventral plate of Cerceris flavotrochanterica........... 471 mntennee of Tryporylon politiforme. Male ...........-----.-..------------> 473 Lateral view of the lower part of the head of Tryporylon politum ......-.-.--- 474 Lateral view of the basal abdominal segments of Trypozylon politum. Female. 474 yeidiun Gt female of Tryporylon politum.2..-..\.- 2. 0 ee eee 474 Lateral view of the basal abdominal segments of Trypozylon politum. Male.. 474 Lateral view of the basal abdominal segments of Tryporylon basale. Male.... 475 Lateral view of the basal abdominal segments of Tryporylon basale. Female... 475 Pygidium of the female of Trypozxylon politiforme..........----++-----+-++-+- 476 Apical margin of the produced portion of the clypeus of Trypozylon mexicanum. aisle peer irom above obliquely... 2220s. .+<2dasaos- ee esenae face ne ease 476 Lateral view of the basal segment of Trypoxylon mexicanum. Male......--- 476 Been Ole? ry DOTLOTE LCLLCOMICHTUN. WVAIG 2225 Scie eye ce we none oaine jae cee ee 477 Lateral view of the lower part of the head of Trypoxylon leucotrichium. Male... 477 Lateral view of the basal segment of Trypoxylon leucotrichium. Male.......... 477 Top view of frontal of Globidens alabamaensis. a, anteriorend;p, posteriorend. 482 Inner view of posterior part of right presplenial Globidens alabamaensis. a, BREICHONGE AMIPIIAR ONG 2. Caccnsp comes S-cin 6 a cerioee-= oss oe we ~~ + eae cimele 483 XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Posterior cervical vertebra of Globidens albamaensis. (a) laterial view; (6) ventral view; (c) posterior view; (d) anterior View.....--..-.-.--.-.-------- Pentanchus profundicolus. Under side of head......-.--.-.-.-.------------- TRETRDON, BETVUS- << «aces nani = = sine trie cle aS eee gine mo =e ee Banjos ba1j08. ....20002- 2-222 none ee ee ee eee ee eee eee enna apolagenys Bist ROuyet <

. 2..2 4.224. --c- s2 2-2 eae eee japonicus, 5. PRIACANTHUS HAMRUR (Forskal). BAKAKINME (fool gold eye). Sciena hamrur ForsKAu, Descr. Anim., 1775, p. 45 (Djidda, Red Sea). Anthias hamrur Buoce and ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 307 (after Forskal). Lutjanus hamrur LAckrEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 4, 1802, pp. 178 and 209. Priacanthus hamrur Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat Poiss., vol. 3, 1829, p. 104 (Lohaia).—Rtpre.n, N. W. Fische, 1835, p. 95 (Red Sea).—_GunTuER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 219 (Red Sea).—KtunzineEr, Syn. Fische Roth. Meer., Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, vol. 20, 1870, p. 708 (part).— Buieexker, Ned. Tijd. Dierk, vol. 4, 1873, p. 176 (Java, Sumatra, Batu. Celebes, Sangi, Ternate, Batjan, Buro, Amboyna) (part); Atlas Ichth., vol. 7, 1876, p. 13, pl. 358, fig. 3 (after Ned. Tijd. Dierk, vol. 4).—Srxrn- DACHNER and DépER EIN Beitr. Fische Japan’s I, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 47, 1883, p. 239 (Tokyo).—Ktunzinarr, Fische Roth. Meer., 1884, p.17.—Day, Fauna India, Fish. vol. 1, 1889, p. 482.—?SauvaGE,. Poiss. Madag., 1891, p. 125 (Amboyna).—Mactray, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales, vol. 7, 1883, p. 235 (New Guinea).—Jorpan and Snyper, Check List, Ann. Zool. Jap., vol. 3, pts. 2 and 3, 1901, p. 83.—Sraue, Fishes South Pacific, Bishop Mus., vol. 4, No. 1, 1906, p. 38, fig. 12 (Shortland Island, Solomons).— JORDAN and SEALE, Fishes Samoa, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 25 (1905), no. 1875. THE JAPANESE SPARIDE—JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 529 1906, p. 261.—Evermann and Seats, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 26 (1906), p. 78, 1907 (Bulan P. I.)—Jorpan and Ricnarpson, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., vol. 27, 1908, p. 257 (Calayan); Check List, P. I. Bur. Sci. Publ., No. 1, Manila, 1910, p. 27. Anthias macrophthalmus Buocu, Ichthyologia, 1792, pl. 319 (“‘Japan”’). ?Priacanthus speculum Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 7, p. 471, 1831 (Mahe).—VaLencrennes, in Cuvier, Régne An. Illust. Poiss., 1836, pl. 11, fig. 1 —GUnruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 221 (after Cuvier and Valenciennes).—Ptayrarr, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 850.—SAUVAGE, Poiss. Madag., 1891, p. 117, pl. 14, fig. 2 (Bourbon Island, Seychelles). Priacanthus dubius TEMMINCK and ScHLeceEL, Fauna Japonica, 1842, p. 19 (Naga- saki.—GUnTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 221 (after Temminck and Schlegel). Priacanthus japonicus BuuEKER, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., vol 2, 1851, p. 171 (Siboga, East Sumatra), (not of Cuvier and Valenciennes). Priacanthus blochii BunexeR, Batavia, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., vol. 4, 1853, p. 456 (Batavia, Siboga) (part).—GunTuer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 218 (Moluccas, Amboyna).—Day, Fishes India, 1875, p. 48. ?Priacanthus schlegeli HincENDor», Sitzungb. Ges. Nat.'Freunde, 1879, p. 79, Tokyo. Habitat.—Coasts of Asia, occasionally northward to Japan. Description after Boulenger, as we have no Japanese specimens. Head 3} to 3} in total length; depth 3 to 34; eye 24 to 24 in head without mandible; snout one-half to two-thirds diameter of eye; interorbital space 34 to 4in head; D. X, 14-15; A. ITI, 14-15; scales above lateral line 100-120; in lateral line 75-80; in transverse series 9-11-—38-46; gill-rakers 18 to 23 on lower limb of first arch. Spine at angle of preopercle short, indistinct in old specimens. Dorsal spines gradually increasing in length to the last, which is 14 to 1¢ as long as second and one-half to three-fifths length of head; longest soft rays not much longer than longest spine; spines feebly spinulose in the young, merely striated in the adult; soft rays feebly spinulose. Pectoral one-half to three-fifths length of head. Ventral nearly as long as head, the spine three-fifths to two-thirds its length. Third anal spine as long as sixth or seventh (of the) dorsal; the spi- nules on the spines disappearing in the adult. Caudal crescentic in the adult; the lobes more or less produced. Scales spinulose. Red _ above, silvery beneath, the fins usually blackish toward the edge. Total length, 360 mm. Boulenger records specimens from Red Sea, Zanzibar, Seychelles, Ceylon, Madras, Amboyna, and Japan. Our specimen from Calayan, Philippine Islands, shows these meas- urements: Head (including lower jaw) 34 in body length; depth 2% in body; maxillary 2 in head; snout 3 in head without mandible, or seven-eighths diameter of eye; scales in lateral line 72, in series above 97, in transverse between insertions of dorsal and anal 11-41. The difference in scales and in other regards may indicate a different species than that of Boulenger. His measurements and counts have a wide variation and it is quite possible that he includes more than 94428°—Proc.N.M.vol.41—11——34 530 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 41. one species under the name of Priacanthus hamrur. It may be that the Japanese form should stand as Priacanthus dubvus 'Temminck and Schlegel, or, better, as Priacanthus macrophthalmus (Bloch), as Bloch’s specimens were reported to come from Japan. The black ventral spot supposedly characteristic of Priacanthus dubius is also found in the East Indian fish, and there are no direct measurements available by which we can judge of its depth, which is said to be greater. It may be that more than the single species is found in both Japanese and East Indian Seas, but we have no facts which will justify a separation or division of the current synonymy. The changes which this fish undergoes with age seem to be rather marked, if they are not attributable to a confusion of two species. The caudal is first truncate, then becomes very crescentic, the lobes much produced, and the spine on the preopercle much shorter in the adult. The body loses its tranverse bands of color, if it ever possessed them. Sauvage describes a specimen 8 inches long with truncate caudal and long spine, and other authors figure specimens with caudal emarginate. Priacanthus schlegeli of Hilgendorf has a truncate caudal, long spine, and transverse bands, leading one to believe it a young specimen of P. hamrur. However, he gives the head as much shorter, and the depth greater. His description is trans- lated as follows: Br. 6, D. 10/14, A. 3/15, L. 1. ca. 85, L. tr. /44. Depth 2? times in length (with caudal). Head 3% in body length; diameter of eye 24 in head; length of snout over one-half eye diameter; interorbital breadth two-thirds eye diameter. Preopercle with a long flat spine, extending over the subopercle; posterior and lower borders forming a large blunt angle, both thickly and finely toothed, the vertical intramarginal border entirely buried by scales. Opercle with two weak spines. Fourth dorsal spine longest. Caudal truncate. Scales ctenoid. Red with five dark crossbands. Ven- trals black. (Museum of Berlin, No. 10599.) This species is referred by Doctor Boulenger to the synonymy of the American species, Priacanthus cruentatus. This is doubtless in- correct, as the ventrals in the latter are not black, and the scale count does not correspond, although this, as well as the fin-ray count, may be due to different methods of enumeration. It has not been recorded by any later authors. 4. PRIACANTHUS MACRACANTHUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. BENIMEBARD (red pop-eye); KINME (gold eye). Priacanthus macracanthus CuvIER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1829, p. 108 (Amboyna).—BLEEKeERr, Verh. Bat. Gen. Kunst. Wet., vol. 22, 1849, p. 48 (Batavia).—GuUnTHEr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 220 (Japan).—CasTELNAv, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales, vol. 3, 1878, p. 369 (Port Jackson).—SavuvaGe, Poiss. Madag., 1891, p. 125 (part).—Isu1Kawa, Prel. Cat. Tokyo Imp. Mus., vol. 1, 1897, p. 55.—BouLenceEr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 2d ed., 1895, p. 354 (Japan, Formosa, off Banda, Arafura Sea, Port Jackson).— JorpDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, p. 358, 1901 (Toyko); Check List, Ann. Zool. Jap., vol. 3, pts. 2 and 3, 1901, p. 83 (Yokohama). no. 1875. THE JAPANESE SPARIDAI—JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 531 Priacanthus benmebari TemMincK and Scuurcen, Fauna Japonica, 1844, p: 19, pl. 7, fig. 1 (Japan).—Ricuarpson, Ichth., China and Japan, 1846, p. 237.— Ginter, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 218 (Japan); Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), vol. 20, 1867, p. 57 (Sydney).—Nysrrém, Jap. Fisksaml., K. Svenska Vet. Akad., vol. 13, 1887, Afd. 4, No. 4 (Nagasaki).—GtnTHER, Challenger Rep., Zool., vol. 1, pt. 6, 1880, p. 39 (Arafura Sea). Priacanthus bleekert, CASTELNAU, Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria, vol. 2, 1873, p. 100 (according to Boulenger). Priacanthus hamrur BurEKer, Atlas Ichth., vol. 7, 1876, p. 13 (part).—SavuvaGE, Poiss. Madag., 1891, p. 125 (part). Habitat.—Australian, East Indian, and Japanese Seas. Description of two specimens from Tokyo and Nagasaki, respec- tively 163 and 305 mm. in total length. Head measurements include lower jaw. Head 34 in body length; depth of body 23; eyes 2% in head; max- illary 24; snout 34; interorbital space 4; D. X, 13; A. III, 14; scales in lateral line 75-78, above 97-103, below 76-80, in transverse series between insertions of dorsal and anal 10 or 11/36; gill-rakers 3 or 4+21. Breadth of body two in its depth, depth of caudal peduncle two- thirds of eye diameter. Interorbital space but very slightly arched, bone width one-half eye diameter. Gular space much swollen, pro- duced as rounded ridge below borders of dentaries. Nostrils not open widely, but valved. Preopercle with strong flat spine at angle, its tip reaching junction of sub- and interopercles, and usually single; its base usually two-fifths to one-half of its length, which is 4 in eye. Posterior margin of preopercle serrate throughout, and on lower side of spine, but not on upper. Subopercle and interopercle entire, as well as anterior edge of preopercle. Opercle with one short blunt spine and an upper point. Teeth minute in A _ shaped ‘band on vomer, in narrow bands on palatines, a single row on jaws. Dorsal spines long, flexible, spinulose on alternate sides, fitting into groove when supine; second two-thirds of length of last, which is 2in head. Dorsal rays soft, spinulose on both sides; first eight or nine of equal length, 17 in head, last reaching but halfway to end of caudal peduncle. First anal spine two-thirds of length of third, which is contained 24 in head; anal rays 1$ in head. Pectoral 13 in head. Ventrals equal to head; their spines 14 in head; tip of rays reaching second anal spine, spinulose on lower side, the inner- most attached to body by membrane. Base of spinous dorsal con- tained 23 in body length; of soft dorsal 44; of anal 23. Caudal nearly truncate. Seales roughly ctenoid, hard to the touch, broad, bases three pronged, present over whole of head save lips, absent on all fins. Color of alcoholic specimens uniform yellowish silvery, apparently red in life. Membranes of ventrals with a few much faded spots. The vertical fins are said to be spotted in life with olive brown. 532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 41. This species is not very common in southern Japan. Our speci- mens are from Tokyo and Nagasaki. It is close to Priacanthus cruentatus of the West Indies, but the latter species has rougher spines. The types of Priacanthus macracanthus came from Amboyna, and it may possibly be that the Japanese species, Priacanthus benme- bari Temminck and Schlegel, is really different. (uaxpoc, long; dxava spine.) 5. PRIACANTHUS JAPONICUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. CHIKAMEKINME (near-sighted gold eye). Priacanthus japonicus CuvIER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1829, p. 106, pl. 50 (Japan).—Tremminck and ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1844, p. 20 (Nagasaki) —GinrHer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 217 (Japan).—STEINDACHNER and DdodprR EIN, Beitr. Fische Japan’s, I, Denkschr. kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien., vol. 47, 1882, p. 239, and Beitr. II, vol. 48, 1883, pl. 1, fig. 1 (Japan).—Isuikawa, Prel. Cat. Tokyo Imp. Mus., vol. 1, 1897, p. 55 (Tokyo Market). Priacanthus supraarmatus HiteEnporr, Sitzungb. Ges. Nat. Freunde, 1879, p. 79 (Japan). Priacanthus boops STEINDACHNER and DODERLEIN, Reise Aurora, Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien,, vol. 11, 1896, p. 198 (Inland Sea of Japan).—Jorpan and Snyper, Check List, Ann. Zool. Jap., vol. 3, pts. 2 and 3, 1901, p. 83 (Yoko- hama).—BouLENGER Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 2d ed., vol. 1, 1895, p. 357 (part from Japanese and Chinese Seas, not synonymy), (not Anthias boops Forster), Habitat.—Coasts of southern Japan. Described from two specimens 235 and 290 mm. in total length from Bingo in Kiusiu, one 210 mm. from Misaki, and one 280 mm. from Tokyo. All head measurements including lower jaw. Head 2% in body length; depth 2 or 24; eye 24; maxillary 24 or 2; snout 34; interorbital space two-thirds eye diameter; D. X, 12; A. ITI, 12; scales in lateral line 56, above 87-93, below 75, in obliquely transverse series between insertions of dorsal and anal 20 to 22/45; gill-rakers 6+18; branchiostegals 7. Body deep, width 22 in depth; profile straight from tip of lower jaw to insertion of dorsal, arched most strongly along bases of soft dorsal and anal. Depth of caudal peduncle two-thirds of eye diame- ter. Tip of lower jaw produced in a prominent knob. Interorbital space but slightly arched. Posterior nostril widely open, its width one-third of its length; anterior nostril small, posterior edge flapped. Suborbital bones coarsely serrated on both edges; preopercle ser- rated somewhat less coarsely on both margins, its anterior marginal ridge serrated, not covered by scales, spine not extending as far back as does interopercle; opercle not serrated, its spine not pointed but serrated at tip; sub- and interopercle finely toothed, as is whole exposed margin of shoulder girdle. Teeth small, pointed, in two rows in both jaws, lacking at premaxillary symphyses, and in three or four rows at the mandibular; in vomer in a A shaped band; on palatines in narrow bands, no. 1875. THE JAPANESE SPARIDU—JORDAN AND THOMPSON. BYs\o: Dorsal spines strong, not flexible, spinulose on alternate sides but only at base; length gradually increasing to last, which is twice the second and contained 12 in head. First dorsal ray 14 times as long as tenth spine and equal to head; other rays abruptly shortening from third, leaving fin acutely angular, its point reaching to base of caudal in well-developed specimens, but always to last scales in adults. Anal spines similar to dorsal, third twice the first, and half length of head. Soft anal similar to soft dorsal but not as long, its first rays 14 m head. Both dorsal and anal rays spinulose on both sides. Pectorals 1 in head, spinulose on outer base. Ventrals reaching to first or second ray of anal, length equal to head plus one-third eye, their spines 14 in head; spines and rays spinulose below. Caudal truncate. Scales hard, finely toothed, present everywhere save on fins and lips. A row of modified scales present on upper edge of premaxillary and on anterior bordering membrane of eye. Scales of snout and lower jaw much modified, thick, rough, and hard. Bases of scales truncate. Color in alcohol uniform; evidently red above and silvery below. Membranes of dorsal and ventral fins black, others colorless. Peri- toneum silvery. This species is moderately common on the coasts of southern Japan. We have it from Bingo, Misaki, and Tokyo. Priacanthus supraarmatus of Hilgendorf is said to have “D. A. und V. schwarz,’ but differs in no other regard. From Giinther’s Priacanthus boops (=P. macropus Quoy and Gaimard), P. japonicus differs in a larger eye and greater depth, judging by the description; and according to Sauvage, also in the form of the scale, which is truncate across the basal end in P. japoni- cus, while it is three-pointed in P. boops. From P. alticlarens, our fish differs in the much less prominent opercular spine, greater depth and larger eye, judging from the figure by Sauvage of that species.! It seems entirely probable that P. japonicus has not yet been observed south of the Chinese Seas, nor in the Atlantic Ocean, although Boulenger has identified it with Priacanthus boops (Forster) of the South Atlantic, and P. alticlarens (Valenciennes) from Bourbon, near Madagascar. We have no material for comparison. 4. Genus PSEUDOPRIACANTHUS Bleeker. Pseudopriacanthus BurExer, Versl. kon. Akad. Wet. Amst., (2), vol. 3, 1869, p. 241 (niphonius). Type.—Priacanthus niphonius Cuvier and Valenciennes. Scales large, very rough, 35 to 50 in the lateral line; body broad, ovate, not twice as long as deep; preopercle with 2 small spines at 1 Poiss. Madag., p. 127, pl. 16, fig. 3. 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 41. angle; interorbital space broad and flat, there being little flesh between skin and skull; posterior free edge of cheek above edge of preorbital serrated; post-temporal and scapular bones strongly serrate; eye very large; preopercular spine obsolete; no foramen in interorbital area; lateral line changing its course below the fourth dorsal spine; middle dorsal spines iongest; anal short, its rays III, 9 to 11; dorsal X, 11. Otherwise essentially as in Priacanthus, the species living in deeper water. (gevdjc, false; Priacanthus.) 6. PSEUDOPRIACANTHUS NIPHONIUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). KURUMADAI (wheel porgy); KINKODAI (little gold porgy). Priacanthus niphonius CuvieR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1829, p. 107 (Japan).—TrmMinck and ScuHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1844, p. 21, pl. 7A (Nagasaki) —Gtnruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 217 (Japan).—BirExer, Verh. kon. Nat. Ver. Neder., Ind., vol. 8, 1860, p. 73 (Japan).—STEINDACHNER and DépeERLEIN, Beitr. Fische Japan’s, I, Denkschr. kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 47, 1883, p. 239 (Tokyo, Oshima). Pseudopriacanthus niphonius BLEEKER, Versl. kon. Akad. Wet. Amst., (2), vol. 3, 1869, p. 241 (Japan); Atlas Ichth., vol. 7, 1876, p. 14, pl. 350, fig. 5, and 354, fig. 3 (Japan).—BouLENGER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 2d ed., 1895, p. 358 (Japan; Manado, Celebes).—JorpAN and Snyper, Check List, Ann. Zool. Japan, vol. 3, pts. 2 and 3, 1901, p. 83 (Yokohama). Priacanthus meyeri GUNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 656, pl. 67 (Manado, Celebes).—SauvaGE, Bull. Soc. Philom., (7), vol. 6, 1882, p. 168; Poiss. Madag., 1891, p. 131. Halitat—Japanese Seas, recorded once from Celebes, in East Indian Seas. Description after Boulenger, of a specimen 275 mm. long. Head 24 to 3 in total length; depth 2 to 24; snout one-third to one-half diameter of eye; eye 14 to 2 in head without mandible; nterorbital width 3 to 44 in head; D. X,11 or 12; A. III, 10 or 11; scales in lateral line 34-40, in series above 55-59, in transverse series 5 or 6/30 to 34; gill-rakers on lower part of first arch 17. Dorsal originating above base of pectoral; spines strongly striated, middle longest two-thirds to three-fourths length of head and as long or longer than longest soft rays. Pectoral three-fifths to two- thirds length of head. Ventral about three-fourths length of head; second and third anal spines nearly equal, as long as tenth dorsal; caudal rounded. Color red above, silvery beneath; the soft fins edged with blackish; young with dark crossbands. Steindachner and Déderlein say that their specimens had 48 to 52 scales above the lateral line, and that the ventrals reached usually to the anal insertion. According to the plate given by Temminck and Schlegel, the young have black dorsals and anals. This rare species of the deeper waters of Japan was not seen by us. Boulenger identifies Priacanthus refulgens of Sauvage with this species, but a transverse scale count of 8/24 is given, the eye is as no. 1875. THE JAPANESE SPARIDA—JORDAN AND THOMPSON. JOO long as the snout, and the figure! shows an entirely different fish, as can easily be seen by a comparison with Ginther’s figure of the type of Pseudopriacanthus meyert (Celebes) and the excellent figures of Temminck and Schlegel. It is worthy of note that the present species has been found but once beyond the waters of Japan, namely, in Celebes. Giinther’s figure of this specimen corresponds exactly with those of Temminck and Schlegel. (Niphon or Nippon, the native name of Japan, which word is a corruption of Nippon.) 3. Family THERAPONIDE. Body oblong, covered with moderate or small scales. Mouth moderate, with villiform teeth, the outer sometimes enlarged; those on the vomer and palatines deciduous or wanting. Maxillary slip- ping beneath the preorbital. Branchiostegals 6. Preopercle ser- rated; opercle with one or two strong spines; preorbital entire or serrate. Dorsal fin notched, with 12 or 13 stout spines. Anal spines 3, strong. Air bladder divided into two parts by a constriction. Pyloric cca in moderate number. Carnivorous fishes of the tropical seas, referable to two genera. The family, here provisionally adopted, differs from. Hemulide in having the aid bladder constricted, and externally in having deciduous teeth’ on the vomer, and in having the opercle, as in the Serranide, armed with spines. 5. Genus THERAPON Cuvier. Terapon Cuvier, Régne Animal, vol. 1, ed. 1, 1817, p. 295 (servus), (error of transcription for Therapon). Pelates Cuvier, Régne Animal, vol. 1, ed. 2, 1829 (quinquelineatus). Therapon CuvieR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1829, p. 125 (servus). Datnia Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 1829, p. 138 (datnia). Pterapon Gray, Indian Zoology, about 1835 (emendation for Terapon). Mesopristes BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., no description. Eutherapon FowEr, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, p. 527 (theraps, scales 55.) Type.—Holocentrus servus Bloch. This genus includes those Theraponide in which the teeth in the jaws are simple, villiform, or conic. In some species (Hutherapon) the scales are rather large. In some (Pelates, Datnia), the snout is more or less prolonged and the dorsal undivided. (epdzov, a slave; suggested by the name servus.) Key to species. a!. Therapon. Dorsal deeply divided;-the last spine much longer than the penulti- mate; teeth in outer row enlarged, wide set; opercle with a strong spine. 1 Poiss. Madag., pl. 5, fig. 5. 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 41. 61. Snout short; gill-rakers 8++13; scales about 18-95-33; maxillary ending under pupil; bands on body 3 in number, curved, the convexity downward; spinous dorsal with: a larce, blag epotnk <..o< 2 -- sisic neko eens eee servus, 7. a?, Pelates. Dorsal fin not deeply divided, the last two spines subequal; teeth all villiform, the outer scarcely enlarged; opercular spines weak. 62. Snout produced; gill-rakers 8+-13; peritoneum pale; scales 15-72-22; maxillary ending under nostrils; body bands straight, 4 strong and 4 alternating weaker ones; spinous dorsal broadly margined with black, no large spot present. oxyrhynchus, 8. 7. THERAPON SERVUS (Bloch). YAGATAISAGI (arrow bass). Holocentrus servus Buocu, Ichthyologia, pl. 238, 1797, fig. 1 (Japan). Grammistes servus BuocH and SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 185 (Japan), (after Bloch). Therapon servus Isu1kawA, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 55 (Wadamura, in Izu, Miyako- jima.) Therapon jarbua Smirx and Pores, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, 1907, p. 476 (Kochi).—Jorpan and Srarks, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 495 (Okinawa).—Jorpan and RicHarpson, Fishes of Formosa, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 14, 1909, No. 4, p. 187 (Takao), (not Scizena jarbua Forskal). Habitat.—Coasts of Asia, north to Japan. Description of 7 specimens from Kagoshima, Japan, ranging from 69 to 157 mm. in body length, the largest taken as typical. Fig. 1.—THERAPON SERVUS. Head with spine 3 in length to last vertebra; depth 23; eye 5 in head with spine; snout 34; maxillary 23; least width of preorbital 4; D. X or XI, I, 10; A. III, 8 or 9; scales in longitudinal series ! above lateral line 86 to 107 (usually 90 to 105); in longitudinal series below 83 to 93; in transverse to origins of dorsal and anal 17 to 20+ 30 to 34; gill-rakers 8+13; branchiostegals 6. Snout somewhat arched in profile; interorbital space flat, narrow- ing quickly before eyes, ridged above temporal region; jaws equal, 1 Those that run upward and backward. No. 1875. THE JAPANESE SPARIDE—JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 5a maxillary ending under pupil. Preorbitals coarsely serrate on lower margin, their greatest width 7 in head. Preopercle toothed strongly at angle, less strongly above, three larger teeth at angle very acute in adults, longest less than half diameter of pupil. Serrations on lower limb abruptly smaller. Two opercular spines, the upper nearly obsolete, lower very strong, extending the distance of length of maxillary from hinder margin of preopercle. Clavicle with five coarse teeth, pointing back and upwards, of nearly same size as those of preopercle. Post-temporal serrated similarly to preorbital. Teeth in outer row conical, somewhat canine-like, not closely set, _ larger near middle of jaw; inner bands villiform, and smaller in size. Teeth on vomer and palatines present in young, but deciduous or few in number in adults. Dorsals deeply divided; first spine very small, usually lacking in adults and much longer in the very young. Fourth and fifth spines longest, slightly less than two in head; penultimate three-fourths of eye diameter; last 44 in head, adnate to first ray, which is 2} in head. Second anal spine 33, third 4 in head, or equal to the second. First anal rays nearly twice length of third spine. Soft dorsal, anal, and caudal margins deeply concave. Pectorals short, 2 in head. Ven- trals 14 in head, not reaching anus. Seales small, roughly ctenoid, absent on inter- and preopercle, suborbital regions, snout and jaws. A temporal band of four or five series of scales present; a low sheath present along bases of dorsal and anal. Body with three concentric black bands, first along bases of dorsals from first spines to first rays, leaving a clear space above in which lies a black streak from sixth to tenth dorsal spines; second from nuchal region to last dorsal rays, its upper edge passing through lateral line, but not below; third narrower, from occiput to middle caudal rays, fourteen scale rows below lateral band at its middle. A black blotch on spinous dorsal from fourth to seventh spines, another from ninth to eleventh or twelfth. First four soft rays tipped with black on distal halves, as are sixth and seventh, frequently a black spot present on last two rays. Caudal with central longitudinal stripe, an oblique band above and below, and upper lobe tipped with black. Other fins colorless. Peritoneum clear. We have specimens of what is generally termed the same species from Formosa (2); Swatow, China (4); Samoa (2); Australia (2); Arabia (1); Manila, Cavite, and San Fabian, Philippine Islands (5); and Sumatra (1). Of these the Arabian specimen seems to be dis- tinct in several respects. Its body bands are more convex, the upper nearly touching the lateral line, the second dropping four or five scales below the lateral line instead of as above. The maxillary ends under the anterior margin of the eye instead of the pupil; the body 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 41. depth is less for its size; the third anal spine is shorter, as is the anal base, the ventrals and ventral spine. Of the others, the Sumatran and Philippine specimens show only 80 to 83 scales in longitudimal series above the lateral line (90 to 105 in Japanese) and the size of the . eye is greater than that of the Japanese, usually less than 43 in head. - The Australian specimens correspond closely to the Japanese. The Samoan examples have slightly larger eyes and have the same scale counts as those of the East Indies. ‘The Chinese and Formosan specimens correspond to the Japanese in scale counts, but have larger eyes, probably due in part to the smaller size of the specimens. The preopercular serrations of the East Indian fish are seemingly blunter than those of the Japanese. Outside of these characters no differ- ences have been discovered in color or measurements. Since the scale counts differ so greatly, the Japanese species is probably not the same as that of the East Indies, Philippines, and Samoa, and is the same as the Formosan and Chinese form. The Arabian specimen must be taken as typical of Scizena jarbua Forskal.’ It should stand as Therapon jarbua, while the Japanese species is Therapon servus. We have specimens of this species from Kagoshima. Others from Izu and Miyakojima are in the Imperial Museum. (servus, slave.) Scale counts in longitudinal series above lateral line in Therapon servus and Therapon jarbua. INumber’of-scales <3. h2. 560s hoae ee sees ee ee aoe 75. 80. 83. 86. 90. 95. | 100. | 105. VEDAN(SENVUS) |S a 25s atoms eset ee eee eid ate eters cles eae | Soe es | eens | cece eee 1 1 1 2 2 Chinayandebormosa i(servws) ck otc ccncce cee aloo see tee Rol baeeee| Gee ee 1 3 70 Se AUT Hai (SETOILS)) =o ascot oasis sete res where ee ee Oe Otte eee il 1 el See oes Sapa (janbua)inciise he eee aes Se Loerie ea ene eee 1 Li ese cR eee Sao See ce ences | eee Hast Indies (jarbwa)ik ss sec lance. esos eapeen eee eaesee 2 73a aon ees Reps me Sos eallSh soe 8 THERAPON OXYRHYNCHUS Temminck and Schlegel. Therapon oxyrhynchus TemMMiINcK and ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1842, p. 16, pl. 6, fig. 3 (Nagasaki). —-BLEEKER, Nieuwe Nalez. Verh. Bat.-Gen., vol. 26, 1857, p. 64 (Japan).—RicHarpson, Ichth. China and Japan, 1846, p. 239.— Gtnruer Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 281 (Japan, China, India).— BLEEKER, Enum. Poiss., Verh. kon. Akad. Amst., vol. 18, 1879, p. 7 (Nagasaki, Shimoda).—STErnDACHNER and D6ODERLEIN, Beitr. I1, Denkschr. kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1883, p. 10 (Tokyo).—Nystro6m, Jap. Fisksaml., K. Svenska Vet. Akad., vol. 13, 1887, Afd. 4, No 4, p. 9 (Nagasaki).—JorpDaNn and SnypErR, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1900, p. 355 (Tokyo).—Smirx and Pops, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, 1907, p. 475 (Kochi, Matsushima Bay).—JorDawn and Snyper, Check List, Ann. Zool. Jap., vol. 3, pts. 2 and 3, 1901, p. 78. , Halitat.—Seas of Japan, China, and India. Description of numerous specimens from Shimiju, Suruga, Waka- noura, Kagoshima, Nagasaki, Akune, Nagaoka, and Tokyo, Japan; and Swatow, China. Length from 60 to 195 mm. 1 Descr. Animal, 1775, p. 50. no. 1875. THE JAPANESE SPARIDH—JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 539 Head 3 to 34 in body; depth 3 to 34; maxillary 3 in head; longi- tudinal diameter of eye 5; snout 24; interorbital space 32 to 41; D. XIT, 10; A. Il 8. Scales above lateral line to base of caudal 72, below 60 to 70, with 51 pores, in transverse series between insertions of dorsal and anal 15/22 to 25; gill-rakers 8+15. Dorsal and ventral contours of body similarly arched, the dorsal profile of head straight; snout conical, long, somewhat pointed ; mouth small, maxillary ending before eye, under nostrils; lower jaw included; eye small, set rather low, leaving interorbital space convex from side to side; preorbital border serrated, that of preopercle at angle with strong teeth about one-fourth of eye diameter in length, diminishing in size above, with rather fine serre on lower limb; opercle with two spines, the upper smaller than those on preopercle, the lower over half diameter of eye in length, flat and strong; clavicle set with teeth about half as long and strong as those on preopercle; post-temporal with much smaller teeth. Teeth in jaws small, conical, set in many rows anteriorly in both jaws and posteriorly in upper, but in two rows posteriorly in lower; outer rows only slightly larger, not closely set as in Therapon quadrilineatus; none on vomer, palatines or tongue. Gill-rakers short, stout, one-third of eye diameter in length. Dorsals not deeply divided; spines strong; fourth, fifth, and sixth longest, 23 in head, last 33 in head, equal to the preceding spine; dorsal rays 2% in head, fin outline convex. Anal spines stout, second longest, 23 in head; first anal ray one-third longer, fin border straight. Pectoral small, 1¢ in head, slightly shorter than ventrals. Caudal short, 2 in head, concave. Scales present everywhere on body save preorbital, dorsal surface of head, lips, and mandible. Dorsals and anal naked, save for a moderate sheath of scales; caudal scaled on basal half. Colors somewhat variable in intensity, a specimen from Wakanoura almost black above and very dark below, others grayish silvery. Pattern constant, of four strong, longitudinal brown stripes, as broad as pupil, the third from snout, through eye to caudal, and of four fainter stripes alternating with these; all running down on snout, save that on middle of back and the lowermost; spinous dorsal with basal and distal bands, latter broader, former continued on soft dorsal; body bands not continued on caudal, which is irregularly mottled; other fins colorless. Peritoneum and gill cavities clear. This species is very different from Therapon servus, and it should perhaps be placed in a different genus. It is, however, not closely related to the type of Pelates. This species is not rare on the coasts of southern Japan, as far north as Matsushima Bay. A third species, Therapon quadrilineatus (Bloch), allied to T. oxyrhynchus and common in the East Indies, is mentioned by Bleeker as from ‘‘Japan.” The record is probably from the Riu Kiu Islands. 540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 41, The species has the gill-rakers 16 +21, the scales 14-83-18, the bands on the body 4 in number and straight, the spinous dorsal with a large spot. (6&0¢, sharp; év7zé¢, snout.) 4. Family BANJOSID/E. A small group of percoid fishes, allied to the Heemulide, to the Serranide, and to the Histiopteride. Body rather robust, covered with small firm scales. Mouth moderate, the maxillary mostly sheathed; outer teeth of jaws short and thick, the inner villiform; vomer with villiform teeth; no teeth on the palatines. Gill structures as in the Hezmulide. Dorsal fin deeply notched, the rays X, 12, the spines all very long, strong, and flattened; anal short, with three strong spines. Caudal slightly notched. Preopercle finely serrate; opercle and suborbital bones entire. A single species of the seas of southeastern Asia. 6. Genus BANJOS Bleeker. Anoplus Temminck and ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1842, p. 17 (no specific name; name preoccupied by Anoplus Schénherr, 1826, a genus of beetles). Banjos BLEEKER, Enum. Poiss., Verh. kon. Akad. Amst., vol. 18, 1879, p. 7. (typus). The characters of this genus are included above. Type.—Banjos typus Bleeker = (Anoplus banjos Richardson). (From the Japanese Banzai, signifying long life.) 9. BANJOS BANJOS (Richardson). BANZAIDAI: CHOSENBAKAMA (Korean garment; a fish dressed in a Korean bakama orcloak). Banjos Voy. de Krusenstern, pl. 54, fig. 1a. Anoplus TEMMINCK and ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1842, p. 17, pl. 8 (Nagasaki). Anoplus banjos RicHarpDson, Ichth. China and Japan, 1846, p. 236 (after Tem- minck and Schlegel). Banjos typus BLEEKER, Enum. Poiss., Verh. kon. Akad. Amst., vol. 18, 1879, p. 7, No. 112. Anoplus banjos STEINDACHNER and DépERLEW, Beitr. Fische Japan’s, II, Denk- schr. kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1883, p. 7 (Tokyo).—Jorpan and RicHarpson, Fishes Formosa, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 4, No. 4, 1909, p. 188 (Formosa).— JORDAN and SnypeER, Check List, Ann. Zool. Jap., vol. 3, pts. 2 and 3, 1901 p. 82 (Yokohama).—Jorpan and SnypDER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, 1900, *p. 357 (Tokyo). Habitat.—Coasts of southern Japan and of China. Described from a single specimen 225 mm. in length, collected at Tokyo by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, recorded by Jordan and Snyder (1900). Head 3 in body length, depth 2; eye 34 in head; snout 24; inter- orbital space (bone) 42; preorbital 33; D. X., 12; A. III, 7; scales no. 1875. THE JAPANESE SPARIDAI—JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 54 above lateral line 71, with pores 50; in transverse series between insertions of dorsal and anal, 13/32; branchiostegals 7; gill-rakers 5414. Body very deep, dorsal profile high, straight from snout to occiput, slightly arched to insertion of dorsal; base of spinous dorsal nearly straight, that of soft dorsal descending quickly to caudal peduncle, which tapers quickly in depth from the last dorsal ray. Ventral profile but slightly arched to anal base, which rises quickly to caudal peduncle. Mouth low; snout narrow, a trifle pointed; eyes large; interorbital space flat, with two low central ridges; nostrils small, close together, not far removed from eye; preorbital two-thirds as Fig. 2.— BANJOS BANJOS. long as deep; maxillary ending under anterior border of eye, almost completely sheathed by preorbital. Preopercular margin forming a right angle, slightly concave on vertical margin near angle, very finely serrated on both. Opercle without spines, but one soft point present. Teeth in outer series of both jaws bluntly conical, of moderate size, and closely set, inner band three rows wide, of smaller but similar teeth. Vomerine teeth present, very short, thick and conical, almost molar. Gill-rakers short, thick, those on lower limb of first arch 8 in eye, those on upper only stubs. Dorsals deeply divided; dorsal spines very large and strong, third longest, 1} in head, last short, 44 in head. Outline of spinous dorsal from third to last spine nearly straight. Longest dorsal ray 1§ in 542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 41. head. Anal spines very strong, second 1 in head, third weaker and shorter, 34 in head. Anal rays shorter than second spine, fin outline concave. Pectorals falcate, equal to length of head. Ventrals as long as head less one-half eye diameter, their spines two-third of their length, very strong. Caudal emarginate. | Scales not strongly ctenoid, present on bases of soft dorsal and anal, and in a sheath at base of spinous dorsal; absent on dorsal surface of head, preorbitals, and along margins of preopercle. Color in alcohol uniform, olivaceous, darker above on body and head, the latter much more so. Spinous dorsal margined slightly with black; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal narrowly with white. First five rays of soft dorsal tipped with a black spot below white margin. Caudal submargined with black. Peritoneum and gill cavities clear. Steindachner describes the color of the young as follows: Color whitish, with 7 or 8 broad dark longitudinal bands on the body, parallel to each other, and set with darker spots. On the caudal are three crossrows of spots, of which the middle row is smaller than the others and indistinct. The spots on the posterior row lie very close to the caudal margin, one very large, and deep blackish brown.