SO N a a \ ' ‘ i ¥ i , ; ri - : a , at 7 . Rie tA ' aa 5 4 a? 4 4 - of, . ; “|| i = ame - ' f ‘ [ hari - ‘oa >. / 7 : . ‘ ¥ ‘ 7 ‘ n 7 i = Ws i ean b \ : ‘ i ; y e . - mn vn a : a —_ ; : - f ; I ¢ i i ' ; ayy 4 : $ Mae iy wed \ i P ‘ ' ‘ ‘ 1 1 i i , ‘ y Vy | ae SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION YOSS > YNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM at v6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, ; VOLUME 50 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE . 1916 ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two series—Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of origimal papers based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. 6. 2. sa eee 157 200. Hetigmosomoides linstowt.., WBUTSaL 225.4 sa ce) as eee oe ace eee ee tee 160 206... Heligmosomoides lanstoun:, “Bursace.- 452-5220 oo eee le eee 160 207. Heligmosomoides linstowi. Vagina and ovijector..........-------------- 161 208. Heligmosomoides linstout. “Enibryo: 22: 202-2 oes a sees eee 161 209. Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. Anterior extremity........-------------+--- 164 210. Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. Posterior extremity of male.........-.-.---- 164 211. Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. Part of spicule-.....-.2...22--.---- 2. - <0 165 212. Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. Posterior extremity of female............-.- 165 213. Synthetocaulus rufescens. Posterior extremity of male..........--------- 167 214. Synthetocaulus rijescens.. Spiculesss2 5. 222s cote ae Seems oe ee = eee 167 215. Synthetocaulus rufescens. Posterior extremity of female............-.---- 167 216. Rictularia cristata. Amterior extremity of female........-......------.-- 169 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 217. Rictularia cristata. Female, a, two-thirds natural size; 6, enlarged.....-. 218. Rictularia elvirae. Anterior extremity of female........ RE see een eee ake 219. Rictularia elvirae. Anterior extremity, showing mouth aperture. ........ 220. Rictularia elvirae. Anterior extremity of female..................--....- Peete CMNCGe.: ORS crit sera clare ada ct eartend i edeehsoee wets eos ay 222. Rictularia fallax. Posterior extremity of female. .................---..- 223. Rictularia fallax. Anterior extremity of female, lateral view............- Pe icrinari coloradensis. Male. Joos «icon < weceecseancnaciwnedteeseeces ce 225. Rictularia coloradensis. Posterior extremity of male............-...-.---- 226. Rictularia coloradensis. Latero-dorsal view of head of male.............-- 227. Rictularia coloradensis. Anterior extremity of female; v., vulva.........- 228. Rictularia coloradensis. Anterior extremity of female. n.7r., nerve ring... 229. Rictularioides amphiacanthum. Head of female. a, lateral view; 6, view BRUM Ne ON ss. 26 ee alee ee Sate ne eae ea Sasam Lidecce cuclneten 230-233. Rictularioides amphiacanthum. 230. Female. a, natural size; 6, enlarged; c, portion of body. 231. Posterior extremity of female. 232. Posterior extremity of female, showing three rows of spines. 233. Proule view Oreuhicular spied, 225.5 de sesics cs chee win o> seed sean ates UN GRUSUICHINIS. CMMI YO. nana gene dacs a seach eal inanisaeeseacscwa te 235. Ollulanus tricuspis. Larval forms in muscle of mouse...........-----..-- 236-237. Filaria martis. 236. Anterior extremity, lateral view. 237. Head, Miewed irom TNE MONts...c2acssooeeel dace Scecteensiuedewsonss cSt bes 238. Filaria martis. Posterior extremity of male...................--.------- Been MATE WORE: WUOP sco. «dea ute ee tm adeiie scenes Job ae shes ebedwwdlwwma 240. Filaria subcutanea. Posterior extremity of male...............-......---- 241. Pilaria crcularis. Head, lateral view:......2. 20.0. sesdaccec cece cece ccset 242. Filaria circularis. Posterior extremity of male lateral view.............. 243. Filaria scapiceps. Posterior extremity of male...............2...2.----. PP POG SCUINCODS. “OPICUIOS:..ese ete cigeid< oes aan ota sekesneeaees ean 245. Filaria scapiceps. Posterior extremity of female......................... 246. Filaria scapiceps. Anterior extremity of female. v., vulva; vag., vagina.. Be Mer Odi TOSCNOUT 26 ocd seek See Dh Tana e bodman disdedeatcineSasagee 248-251. Gongylonema musculi. 248. Anterior extremity of male. 249. Pos- terior extremity of male. 250. Anterior extremity of female. 251. Posterior extremity of iémale.. 2 cess. 2526 oc 22 24 i Geche enc oeca Scene 252. Gongylonema neoplasticum. Posterior extremity of male, ventral view... 253. Gongylonema neoplasticum. Larva from prothorax of Periplaneta ameri- 254. Gongylonema brevispiculum. Anterior extremity........-..--...---2.2-- 255. Gongylonema brevispiculum. a, posterior extremity of male, ventral view, b, right spicule and gubernaculum, dorsal view............----------- 256. Gongylonema brevispiculum. Vagina and ovijector. /, union of two por- HIOTIUGE OVEJOCLON © 5625. nec eee ke Saran eee own, oe es esi ee eee 257-258. Spirura talpae. 257. Worms attached to mucosa. 258. Anterior Ex reniiy NALOIAl VICW vaccudsonetes see ee Naa neSe ese es evens Goeeeaeeess 259. Spirura talpae. Posterior extremity of male............-..-...--------- 260-262. Spirura talpae. 260. Anterior extremity, showing boss or struma. 261. Posterior extremity of female. 262. a, ovijector; 6, sphincter of uhice Olsen, week after the infection. The fe- — tarcup. Arter , 1866. LEUCKART, 1866. male lives five to six weeks longer and bears during this time 1,500 to 1,800 (Braun says 10,000) embryos. In part actively and in part passively, the embryos make their way by the lymphatic and blood channels throughout the en- tire body and finally come to rest in the voluntary muscles, where 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. they force their way from the intermusculature connective tissue into the sarcolemma. Here they show active movement and develop to the infective larval state. They attain a length of 800 » to 1 mm. and a thickness of 30 » and are found enrolled in a coil two to three weeks after the infection. The anterior portion of the larvae is now the thinner and more pointed, the posterior is thicker and rounded. The sex organs are rudimentary, but the two sexes can be differen- tiated. The larvae lie with the ventral surface toward the periphery of the cyst; in the female the primordium of the genitalia may be seen on the ventral side of the posterior portion of the esophagus; while in the male the genital primordium is on the dorsal surface. Farre’s granules may also be seen in the female genitalia. These larvae are at first free inside the sarcolemma, later encapsuled and rolled in spirals, rings, or figures of eight. When the larval trichinae from the muscles are ingested by a suitable animal, the capsule is digested in the stomach and the larvae are set free. This may take place in 24 hours. These larvae enter the intestine and in one to five days become sexually mature. In three to four days after infec- tion, the worms are found in copula. There are about 12 females to each male. Hosts —E pimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus), Mus musculus, Mus albus, Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus), Lepus europaeus (Lepus timidus), Cavia porcellus (Cavia cobaya), Cricetus cricetus (Cricetus frumentarius), and numerous hosts in groups of mammals not covered in this paper. Location.—Small intestine. Larvae in musculature. Locality—Cosmopolitan. TRICHOSOMOIDINAHR FEHall, 1916, new subfamily. Subfamily diagnosis.—Trichinellidae (p. 9): Males without spicule or sheath and parasitic in the vagina or uterus of females; eggs with opercular plug at each end and containing embryos when oviposited. In urinary bladder, ureters, and pelvis of kidney. Type-genus.—T richosomoides Railliet, 1895. Genus TRICHOSOMOIDES Railliet, 1895. Synonyms.—Trichosoma Rudolphi, 1819, of Bellingham, 1845, Trichocephalus Schrank, 1788, of Eberth, 1863; 77richodes von Lin- stow, 1874. Generic diagnosis.—Trichosomoidinae (p. 12): With the char- acters of the subfamily. Type-species—T richosomoides crassicauda (Bellingham, 1845) Railhiet, 1895. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 13 TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA (Bellingham, 1845) Railliet, 1895. Synonyms.—T richosoma crassicauda Bellingham, 1845; Trichoso- mum crassicauda (Bellingham, 1845) Eberth, 1863; 7'richocephalus erassicauda (Bellingham, 1845) Eberth, 1863; 7richodes crassicauda (Bellingham, 1845) von Linstow, 1874; 7richosoma muris decumant Bayer of Stossich, 1890. Specific diagnosis —T richoso- moides (p.12) : Male and female very dissimilar in size, the male commonly found parasitic in the vagina or uterus of the fe- male. Anus terminal in both sexes, Male 1.46 to 2.5 mm. long and 93 to 33 p. thick (figs. 9 and 10). Anterior terminal portion of esophagus devoid of cell body; according to von Linstow (1874), the portion of esopha- gus surrounded by the cell chain is equal in length to about half the total body length. The in- testine has numerous fine re- fractive nuclei in its wall, these being especially prominent in somewhat macerated specimens. There is no spicule, bursa, or trace of copulatory organs of any sort, a lack correlated with the fact that the male lives in the vagina and uterus of the female. The single tubular testis originates in the anterior portion of the body and trans- forms into the vesicula semi- nalis which is filled with spermatozoa showing a small dark spherical nucleus. Female 10.5 to 13 mm. long and attaining a maximum thick- ness in the posterior portion of the body of around 200 p. (figs. 10 and 11). Anterior 200 to 260 » of esophagus devoid of a surround- ing cell body, and followed by a short transitional portion where there is a gradually enlarging protoplasmic structure surrounding the chitinous central tube and continued by the cell body posteriorly. Fic. 9.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA. MALE. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. The prevulvar portion of the body, or the esophageal portion, is equal in length to a little more than one-sixth of the entire body length. The head is rounded and is 20 to 22 py in diameter. From the head the body enlarges gradually to the posterior end, which is rounded or bluntly conical. In mature females the cuticle is usually smooth for a short distance posterior of the head and is then trans- versely striated, the striations showing in profile as serrations in some cases, but usually presenting the appear- ance of hemispherical beading (figs. 10 and 13). The vulva (figs. 12 and 13) is ventral, just posterior of the posterior termination of the esophagus, and forms a transverse slit at the summit of a more or less prominent cone. The portion of the body following the vulva is marked for a distance of 3to4mm. by a series of irregularly arranged, hemispherical to fungi- form cuticular eleva- tions (figs. 14 and 15) in three or four rows along the ventral sur- face. These elevations are usually conspicu- ous; in the freshly col- lected worms they are clear and refractive hy- ¥iG, 10.—TRIcHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUD’. Youne FEMALE wimn 2lime structures, but in MALE IN VAGINA. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LinstTow, 1874. alcoholic material they are often dark and in one glycerin mount they are a reddish brown; they are round to oval in shape and 4 to 13 in diameter. Another row of smaller inconspicuous elevations, about 2 yin diameter, may be seen in the vicinity of the vulva, extending for a short distance anteriorly and posteriorly (fig. 15). The uterus extends to the posterior end of the worm and then turns forward, the uterus and ovary forming a series of loops with the long axis parallel, in a general way, to that of the worm (fig. 16). The eggs (fig. 17) are strikingly variable, no. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 15 especially along the short diameter, ranging from subspherical to cylindrical, and are 62 to 72 » long and 25 to 56 w wide; the opercular imm., Fig. 11.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA. MATURE FEMALE WITH MALE IN UTERUS. plugs are not prominent; the eggs become dark brown in the vagina and here also may be seen what is apparently extra shell material being passed out. Eggs contain embryos when oviposited. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Life history—The eggs containing embryos are passed in the urine of infected animals and are apparently ingested by other rats in contaminated food or water. shell digests off and the embryos escape. I have seen embryos escape from the shell in the vagina of the female after the worm had been in normal salt solution a short time, and I judge from this fact and from the fact that such embryos seemed to live only a short time that infection must take Fia. 12.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA. VULVA REGION OF FEMALE. LARGED. place in a rather short period as a rule, or else the embryo per- ishes. The embryo has a body of almost uniform thickness, terminating in blunt- ly rounded ends, so far as my observation goes (fig. 18), but pro- vided with a single lancetlike process an- teriorly, according to von Linstow (fig. 19). Von Linstow | sug- gests that the em- bryos may bore into the wall of the diges- tive tract and make their way to the pel- vis of the kidney, pos- sibly by way of the blood stream and the renal artery particu- larly. Sexually un- developed —individu- als, the males but In the stomach of the new host the Oe a: ) ge (| little smaller than the Fig. 13.—TRICHOSOMOIDES females, are found in the pelvis of the kid-» ney and copulation CRASSICAUDA. VULVA REGION OF FEMALE. ENLARGED. AFTER EBERTH, 1863. takes place in the ureters, the females becoming larger and the males entering the vagina. The first male turns about after entrance and, according to von Linstow, is always found with its head toward the vulva. The fertilized females pass to the urinary bladder and grow No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. lef considerably, the esophagus taking little part in this growth, and the male coming to lie in the mass of eggs in the uterus. I have com- monly found only one male in a female; von Linstow states that there may be three or four and occasionally as many as six. 14. 15. Fias. 14, 15.—TRICHOSOMUiDES CRASSICAUDA. 14, FEMALE SHOWING EXTENT OF CUTICULAR MARKINGS, ENLARGED. 15, VULVA REGION OF FEMALE, SHOWING CUTICULAR MARKINGS. Hosts—Epimys rattus (Mus rattus), Epimys norvegicus (Mus norvegicus, Mus decumanus). Location.—Pelvis of kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder. Localities —Ireland, Germany (Offenbach), Austria (Trieste, Rat- zeburg), France (Paris), Australia (Brisbane), United States 10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. (Washington, District of Columbia; Lincoln, Nebraska; San Fran- cisco, California). YiOmm. Fic. 16.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRAS- SICAUDA. POSTERIOR EXTREM- ITY OF FEMALE. The Zrichosoma muris decumani Bayer re- ferred to by Stossich (1890) is probably a reference to this worm in a paper by Rayer (1843). Von Linstow (1874) has made a study of this worm, and made it the type of his new genus 7'richodes. Unfortunately this generic name was already preoccupied by 7richodes Herbst, 1792, coleopteron, hence the change by Railliet, 1895, to Zrichosomoides. Von Linstow has noted in the esophageal cell chain that in many places there were alter- nately darker cells with large nuclei and lighter cells filled with quite small puncti- form nuclei which showed a lively molecular movement. The cell content of the latter must therefore have been fluid. I find the esophageal cell body actively contractile and the cells full of large, clear granules. Kberth (1863) and von Linstow (1874) have both described dorsal, ventral, and lateral bacillary bands. They also agree in a general way that the prevulvar portion of the body is covered with small hyaline hemi- spherical elevations at regular intervals. My observation is to the effect that there is a dorsal and ventral band of cuticular ele- vations, of which the one regarded here as ventral is the more conspicuous, but these bands are apparently rather different in Fig. 17.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA. EGGS CONTAINING EMBRYOS, SHOWING VARIATIONS IN SHAPE. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1874. structure from the usual bacillary band, although their presence in this family would indicate that they were to be homologized with No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 19 the customary bacillary band. The hemispherical elevations noted in the prevulvar portion of the body are apparently to be seen only in profile and are due to deep cuticular annulations. Ee eee Oe Net e aa Yoo Mm mM ; Fic. 19.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA. EMBRYO. Fig. 18.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA. EMBRYO. AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1882. Subfamily TRICHURINAE Ransom, 19112. Synonym.—Capillariinae Railhet, 1915, in part. Subfamily diagnosis—Trichinellidae (p. 9): Male with one spicule, or, exceptionally, with only a copulatory sheath. Eggs lemon-shaped, the apertures at each end closed with opercular plugs. Development, so far as known, direct and without intermediate host. Egg development often slow. Eggs with thick shell; do not hatch until swallowed by a suitable host. Type-genus.—Trichuris Roederer, 1761. ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF TRICHURINAE, , 1. Anterior esophageal region of body very slender and longer than the pos- terior portion, which is much thicker and contains the reproductive TS ET eee ret ee PRON Lat ran 192 38031 Sa L 9 12 ANd Be eee ORE ety Trichuris, p. 20. Anterior esophageal portion of body shorter than, rarely equal to, the pos- terior portion, which is only slightly thicker __-=___-______--__ it 2. *. Worms with spicule; in digestive tract or urinary bladder, ducts, CLE pen ly pc ee 1 lp Ne Capillaria, p. 33. NORMS without ispiculesintiver:--2-=- >see wee ea Hepaticola, p. 30. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Genus TRICHURIS Roederer, 1761. Synonyms.—T richocephalos Goeze, 1782; Trichocephalus Schrank, 1788; Mastigodes Zeder, 1800; Tricocephalos Lamarck, 1801; 7'7- churis Roederer and Wagler, 1761, of Stiles and Hassall, 1905. Generic diagnosis.—Trichurinae (p. 19): Anterior esophageal por- tion of body very slender and longer than the posterior portion, which is much thicker and contains the reproductive organs. Poste- rior extremity of body blunt and rounded. Anus terminal or sub- terminal. On the ventral surface of the anterior esophageal portion of the body is a longitudinal bacillary band, terminating near the union of the anterior and posterior portions of the body, and formed of punctiform projections which are the ends of small rodlike struc- tures originating in subcuticular cells and penetrating the cuticle. The cuticle has transverse striations forming annuli, which have the posterior edges projecting slightly in such a way as to give the body a finely serrate appearance in profile. This striation is absent from the ventral surface covered by the bacillary band. Male.—Posterior portion of body rolled dorsally in a spiral. Spic- ule surrounded by a prepucelike sheath, which evaginates when the spicule is protruded. The sheath is a soft structure of variable shape and size. External surface of the evaginated sheath smooth or. coy- ered with spines. Female.—Posterior portion of body may be slightly curved, but not rolled into a spiral. Vulva near the union of the anterior slender portion and the posterior thick portion of the body. Eggshell thick, usually brown, and with the opening at each end of the shell closed with an opercular plug, giving the egg the characteristic lemon shape. Type-species.—T richuris trichiura (Linnaeus, 1767) Stiles, 1901. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF TRICHURIS. 1 INomdescription whatevers==22-e ee ee Trichocephalus castoris, p. 21. Described ‘species: 2222226 22S en 8 ee 2. Anterior and posterior portions of body of almost equal length. ‘ Trichuris gracilis, p. 28. to Anterior portion, of body, longer than’ posterior = ee 3. 3. Ratio of length of anterior portion of body to length of posterior portion 2:1 or 3:1, minimum length around 50 mm.____________ Trichuris ovis, p. 28. Ratios smaller than the above, or minimum length less_______-_-_-_-_-»_____ 4. 4, Female contorted, not straight or curved___________ Trichuris contorta, p. 21. Female straight or curved: not, contorted: 2) aa ee eee Be 5. Maximum length of spicule Tj, mms 222 a Trichuris leporis, p. 24. Maximum length of spicule notoven.2 nit. eee ee eee 6. Gs Worms 44.6 to 52.1 Inmlone:-_ == ee Trichuris infundibulus, p. 23. Worms ‘not over 35.mm: lone) ee eee iF 7. Spicule less than 1 mm. long; ratio of anterior to posterior body lengths 5:3 invwmale and {> 4gin femalea 2) se eee eee Trichuris muris, p. 26. Spicule more than 2 -nom\. Tome 8. no. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. yA 8. Posterior body lengths only slightly smaller than anterior; spicule 1.7 mm. JNO GY Ses ka lah i a Trichuris fossor, p. 21. Posterior body lengths about half of anterior; spicule 2 mm. long. Trichuris opaca, p. 27. The data on described species of 7richuris are so scarce that the above key, based on the limited and little diagnostic features de- scribed, may prove of little value in actual practice. TRICHOCEPHALUS CASTORIS Rudolphi, 1819. Snecific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Characters of the genus. No description. Host.—Castor fiber. Location.—Large intestine. Locality.—N ot given. Rudolphi (1819) lists this under Species dubiae and states that there is a female specimen in the Vienna Museum. He does not de- scribe it, and von Linstow (1909a) states that the species is not de- scribed. The name is therefore a nomen nudum and I have not made the combination with the specific name and the valid generic name Trichuris in order to avoid adding useless synonyms to the literature. TRICHURIS CONTORTA (Rudolphi, 1819) Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—T richocephalus contortus Rudolphi, 1819. Specifie diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Characters of the genus. strongly contorted, the considerable folding giving a transient ver- rucous appearance. Ratio of length of anterior esophageal portion of body to length of posterior portion 12:10. Male 40 mm. long. The flesh-colored body convolute, but not spiral. Posterior portion of body terminates very bluntly. The cloaca is ventral and subterminal. The spicule sheath is short, broad, and truncate. The spicule is narrow and curved. Female 50 mm. long. Body contorted, not, as is usually the case, straight or curved. Tail rather pointed. Oviduct black. Eggs elliptical with the usual opercular plugs. Hosts.—Georychus capensis (Georhynchus capensis, Mus capensis, “ Georhychos illigeri”). Location.—Cecum. Locality—Cape of Good Hope, Africa. TRICHURIS FOSSOR Hall, 1916, new species. Synonym.—T richuris species Hall, 1912. Specific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Head conical, about 40 u in diameter where the sides of the cone tend to flatten into the neck 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. portion. Mouth simple. Diameter of bacillary Wand in anterior esophageal region about one-third that of esophageal portion. The esophageal cell chain consists of elongate cells with ‘prominent nuclei. A few of the more anterior cells are of simple outline, but the others have numerous constrictions along their length, giving the appearance of numerous small discoidal cells with occasional nuclei. These nuclei are actually near the middle of the cells. The piriform glands at the posterior end of the esophagus are small. Male 17.5 to 20 mm. long, with a maximum. thickness of 516 p. Anterior esophageal portion of body 10.8 to 10.9 mm. long; posterior portion of body 6.6 to 9.2 mm. long. The an- terior portion of the esophageal tube from the mouth to the be- ginning of the esophageal cell chain is 400 to 670 » long. The body ends _ posteriorly in a_ bifurcation formed by two rounded lobes (fig. 20), with the cloacal aperture on the posterior ventral surface Fic. 20.—TRICHURIS FOSSOR. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. EN- between them. LARGED. int., INTESTINE; Sp., SPICULE; vas., VESICULA SEMINALIS. Spicule 1.7 mm. long with a diameter of 26 y at the distal end, gradually thick- ening to a diameter of 52 » at the proximal end. The campanulate sheath evaginates to a distance of at least 300 » and is studded with small conical projections. Female 24 mm. long, with a maximum diameter of 380». (Probably becomes larger, judging from male diameter.) Anterior esophageal portion of body 12.4 mm. long; posterior portion of body 11.6 mm. long. The anterior portion of the esophageal tube from the mouth to the beginning of the esophageal cell chain. is 560 yp. The anus is subterminal on the ventral surface. The vulva is situated just back of the posterior end of the esophagus. Eggs not observed. Two specimens, apparently immature females of this species, were col- lected from the same host. On first sight they appear to be species of Capillaria, but the ratios of the anterior and posterior body parts No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 93 argue against this. One specimen is 10.5 mm. long, of which the anterior esophageal portion is 6.88 mm., while the other specimen is 8.6 mm. long, of which the anterior esophageal portion is 6 mm. Host—Thomomys fossor. Location.—Cecum. Locality — Crested Buttes, Colorado, and Livermore, Colorado. Type material—Cat. No. 16179, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal Industry helminthological collection). These specimens were collected by the writer from alcoholic material collected by Mr. E. R. Warren, of Colorado Springs, and were reported by the writer in 1912 in a list of parasites from Colorado. TRICHURIS GRACILIS (Rudolphi, 1819) Hall, 1916. Synonym.—Trichocephalus gracilis Rudolphi, 1819. Specific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Whitish, capillary portion darkening anteriorly. Head acute. Anterior esophageal portion of body scarcely longer than posterior portion. Male unknown. Female 47 to 54 mm. long. Posterior portion of body relatively slender, slightly curved, blunt posteriorly. Host.—Dasyprocta aguti (Cavia agouti). Location.—Cecum. Locality.— Brazil. TRICHURIS INFUNDIBULUS (von Linstow, 1906) Hall, 1916. Synonym.—Tvichocephalus infundibulus von Linstow, 1906. Specific diagnosis.—Trichuris (p. 20): Diameter of bacillary band equals two-thirds of the diameter of body. Male 44.6 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 790 p. Ratio of length of anterior esophageal portion of body to length of pos- terior portion is 7:6. Spi- cule 1.94 mm. long and 26 p. thick, gradually thinning to a point posteriorly. The sheath has transverse folds at its base and widens in a funnel opening posteriorly -—— om I i | It v i il wT ih f 3 Sy 2 ? ‘ \ Fic. 21.—TRICHURISINFUNDIBULUS. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, ENLARGED. AFTER VON LINnsTOW, 1906. (fig.21). (These folds may be transient rather than constant.) It is studded with little shining cones of equal size, set close together and directed posteriorly. The posterior body is in two parts. (This last 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. statement would lead one to suppose that the body terminated in two lobes as in 7'r. fossor, but von Linstow’s figure does not bear out this idea.) Female 52.1 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 1.03 mm. Ratio of length of anterior esophageal por- tion of body to length of posterior portion is 10:6. Eggs 62 pw long and 25 p wide. Host.—Hystrix cristata. Location.—Intestine. Locality.—_Not given. This species was described by von Linstow from the Zoological Museum at Koenigsberg. Diesing lists Trichuris ovis from this same host, Hystrix cristata, and von Linstow notes that such a record does not seem plausible. TRICHURIS LEPORIS (Froelich, 1789) Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—T richocephalus leporis Froelich, 1789; Mastigodes leporis (Froelich, 1789) Zeder, 1803; Trichocephalus unguiculatus Rudolphi, 1809. Specifie diagnosis—Trichuris (p. 20): Bacillary band (fig. 22) about four-fifths of body diameter and extending to below the vagina. Head 17 to 20 p diame- ter. Transverse striations of cuticle at intervals of about 4 to 5 yp. On each side of bacillary band an area of delicate cuticular plaques (fig. 23). Male 29 to 32 mm. long, with a maximum diameter of about 430 p. Body white. Ratio of length of anterior esophageal portion of body to length of posterior portion of body is 3:2. Length of esopha- geal tube from mouth to anterior end of esophageal cell chain about 825 p. Esophageal cell chain be- gins as two or three simple long cells, with not very prominent nuclei, and continues posteriorly Fic. 22.—Tricuuris teronis. aS long cells with numerous con- CROSS-SECTION OF THE ESOPH- ctrictions along their length, giv: AGEAL PORTION OF THE BODY, ~ SHOWING THE PROMINENT INY the appearance of numerous VENTRALBACILLARY BAND AND - ° sl 2 ms EMRRLAMON OF tite'nsogan. HURL -aiseordall jeells swith yjoc GEAL TUBE TO THE CELLBopy. casional nuclei. Spicule of vari- ENLARGED. AFTER EBERTH ae ’ able length, 1.87 to 7 mm. long, and with a diameter of about 80 Kiet a a fibre Qui ete rer Fig. 23.—TRI- CHURIS LEPO- RIS. ANTERIOR EXTREMITY OF BODY,SHOWING CUTICULAR PLAQUES. EN- LARGED. AF- TER SCHNEI- DER, 1866. vy near the proximal end, thinning to about 8 » near the distal end. The sheath (fig. 24) is very narrow and diaphanous, attaining a No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 25 length of 1.55 mm. and a breadth of about 52 w near the distal end; proximally it has a diameter for the most part but slightly in excess Fic. 24.—TRICHURIS LEPORIS. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, E SHOWING SHEATH AND SPICULE. FiG.25.—TRICHURIS LEPORIS. VULVA (v) ENLARGED. AFTERSCHNEIDER, REGION OF FEMALE, SHOWING POCKET- 1866. ING IN VAGINA. ENLARGED. of the surrounded spicule. Toward the distal extremity the sheath is covered with delicate colorless punctations. Female 32 to 24.5 mm. long, with a maximum diameter of about 1.12 mm. Anterior esophageal (prevulvar) por- tion of body white; posterior (postvulvar) portion brownish. Ratio of length of anterior portion to pos- terior portion 2:1. The vagina appears to comprise a series of pouches or pockets (fig. 25). Eggs 56 p long, including the opercular plugs; 52 » long, excluding the opercular plugs. The external surface of the shell is ie delicately punctate (fig. 26). CHURIS LEPO- Hosts —Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus domes- eee ae ticus, L. c. ferus), Lepus europaeus (Lepus timidus), rer srossicu, Lepus timidus (Lepus variabilis), Sylvilaqus floridanus, °°: Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus, Citellus citellus (Arctomys citillus, Spermophilus citillus). Location.—Large intestine. 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Localities —Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, United States. The amount of variation in the reported spicule lengths suggests the possibility of error in measurement or confusion of species. TRICHURIS MURIS (Schrank, 1788) Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—Trichocephalus murigs Schrank, 1788; MJastigodes muris (Schrank, 1788) Zeder, 1803; Trichocephalus nodosus Rudol- phi, 1809. Specific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Diameter of the bacillary band equals three-fourths of the diameter of the body. Bacillary band ends in front of the vulva. Band is bordered with large mar- ginal rods which are larger than the others and are capable of swell- ing by endosmosis. Simple weak lateral lines. Granular dorsal line disappearing near vulva. Maximum head diameter 18 yp. Trans- verse striations of body at 4 to 5 uw intervals. FiG. 27.—TRICHURIS MURIS. ANTERIOR EXTREMITY oF Bopy, There are three nodules SHOWING CUTICULAR VESICLES. ENLARGED. AFTER GOEZE, : ae on the head, according to Goeze (1782) and Ru- dolphi (1809). There are also seven or eight delicate cuticular vesicles (fig. 27) along the (?ventral) side of the worms, according to Goeze (1782) and Eberth (1863). The esophageal tube extends a third of the length of the anterior esophageal portion of the body before being surrounded by the esophageal cell chain. Male 14 to 20 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 300 py. Anterior esophageal por- tion of body 12.5 mm. long; posterior portion of body 7.5 mm. long. Ratio of lengths of two portions 5:3. Spicule 760 yp long and 15 yp wide, bent in a semicircle (fig. 28). The sheath is 170 p long and presents various shapes, ['6. 28.—TricnuRIs MURIS. vesicular, tubular, funnel-shaped or terminat- ie caineeacee ie ing in a large turbanlike swelling 100 ». in SHEAT=. ENtancEp. AF ; : : TER VON LINSTOW, 1909. diameter. Except at its aperture, this sheath is covered with pointed conical projections. A blunt papilliform pro- jection on each side of the cloacal aperture. Female 23 to 31 mm., with 3 maximum thickness of 400 p. Ante- rior esophageal portion of body 14 to 20 mm. long; posterior portion of body 8 to 11 mm. long. Ratio of lengths of two portions 7:4. Tail obtuse, terminating in a rounded point. The vulva round, lo- No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. QF cated at the union of the esophagus and the intestine. Eggs lemon- shaped, 57 to 62 p» long. Hosts—Mus musculus, Epimys rattus (Mus rattus), Arvicola am- phibius (Mus amphibius), Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus), Epimys ugandae (Mus ugandae), Microtus arvalis (Arvicola arvalis, Mus arvalis), Thrichomys apereoides (Hchinomys antricola), Holo- chilus physodes (Hesperomys physodes), HHolochilus brasiliensis _(Lolochilomys brasiliensis), Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Isothrix bis- triata (Loncheres bistriata), Georychus capensis (Georhynchus ca- pensis). Location.—Cecum. Localities —France (Paris), Germany, Africa (Toro, Fort Portal). TRICHURIS OPACA Barker and Noyes, 1915. Specific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Body cylindrical, stiff, opaque; anus a lttle subterminal. Male 22 to 28 mm. long; esopha- geal region 13 to 19 mm. long and 60 to 80 p thick; body region 7 to 9 mm. long and 140 to 160 » thick (fig. 29). Posterior end rolled into a spi- ral (fig. 30). Spicule 2 mm. long and 17 p thick, surrounded by a sheath covered with minute blunt projec- tions; sheath, when evaginated, 180 p long and 70 y. in diameter. Female 22 to 30 mm. long; esopha- geal region 18 to 19 mm. long and 60 to 70 p thick; body region LO“ tor. Tit mm. long and 230 to 250 p. thick (fig. et 31). Poste- Imm. Fia.30.—TRICHURIS OPACA. Pos- Fic. 29.—TRICHURIS OPACA. MALE. AFTER rior portion BARKER, 1915. TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, Ss ] i ¢ h t ] y AFTER BARKER, 1915. curved. Vulva between first and second anterior elevenths of body region. Anus nearly terminal. IHost.—Ondatra zibethica (liber zibethicus). 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Location.—Duodenum. « Locality —United States (Nebraska). This parasite, described in a paper by Barker (1915), is reported, as noted, from the duodenum, a most unusual location for a worm of this genus. His indicated magnifications do not agree with the text. Fia. 31.—TRICHURIS OPACA. FEMALE. AFTER BARKER, 1915. TRICHURIS OVIS (Abildgaard, 1795) Smith, 1908. Synonyms.—T richocephalus ovis Abildgaard, 1795; Trichocephalus affinis Rudolphi, 1802; Mastigodes affinis (Rudolphi, 1802) Zeder, 1803. Specific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20) : Head 10 to 22 » in diameter, according to place of measurement, and sometimes provided with two lateral vesicular swellings. Bacillary band originates about 80 » posterior of the anterior end and is about 140 » wide near the union of the two parts of the body. The marginal rods of the bacillary NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 29 band are larger than the others. Body transversely striate at inter- vals of 9 to 34 p. Esophageal tube from mouth to esophageal cell chain 70 p» long. Piriform glands almost spherical, 57 to 72 yp in diameter. Male 50 to 80 mm. long with a maximum diameter of about 500 uw. Ratio of length of anterior esopha- geal portion of body to length of posterior portion of body is 2 or 3:1 (fig. 82). Testis begins about 8 mm. ” Fic. 33.—TRICHURIS OVIS. POSTERIOR END FiG. 32.—TRICHURIS OVIS. MALE AT RIGHT, FEMALE AT OF MALE, SHOWING SHEATH (sh.) AND SPIC- LEFT, *VULVA, X5, FRoM RANSOM, 1911, AFTER CUR- ULE (sp.). ENLARGED. FRoM RANSOM, TICE, 1890. 1911, AFTER CURTICE, 1890. from the posterior end of the body, extends forward to near the vulva region and turns back as the ductus seminalis, transforms to 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. the vesicula seminalis, which terminates in a constriction followed by the ductus ejaculatorius, which opens into the cloaca. The spicule (fig. 33) originates bluntly or with a slight knob, and is slightly attenuated from the anterior end posteriorly, terminating in a sharp point; it is 5 to 7 mm. long and with a fairly uniform diameter of about 25 ». The spicule sheath has a maximum external length of about 1.55 mm. and a width of about 90 p. The sheath has a bulbous enlargement at the end when evaginated and is covered with little spines about 5 » long. The cloacal aperture is located between two short lobelike projections at the posterior end of the body. Female 50 to 70 mm. long with a maximum diameter of about 1 mm. Ratio of length of anterior esophageal portion of body to length of posterior portion varies from 2:1 to 3:1 (fig. 32). From the vulva the vagina extends back about half the length of the posterior portion of the body, continues as the uterus to the posterior end of the body, turns forward as the oviduct and extends to the vulva region again, turning back here as the ovary and extending to its termination in the posterior end of the body. The vulva is RES covered with little spines. Terminal end Hig gue alles ue of the body obtuse. Eggs (fig. 34) dark brown, lemon-shaped, 70 to 80 p long in- cluding the opercular plugs, 55 to 65 yp long excluding the opercular plugs, and 30 to 35 p wide. Hosts.—Hystrix cristata. Usually found in ruminants and com- mon in quite a number of these. Location.—Large intestine. Locality—Not specified for Hystrix cristata. Cosmopolitan for other hosts. This species is recorded from Yystrix cristata by Diesing (1851) from the Vienna Museum. Von Linstow (1906), in describing Trichuris infundibulus from the same host, has noted it as unlikely that such a record should be correct, but although there is a possi- bility of error or misidentification in this record, it must be pro- visionally accepted in the absence of further data. HEPATICOLA Hall, 1916, new genus. Generic diagnosis —Trichurinae (p. 19) : Anterior esophageal por- tion of body shorter than the posterior portion, which is only shghtly thicker. No spicule. Bacillary band apparently not present. Type-species—Hepaticola hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) Hall, 1916. NO. 2181. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 831 HEPATICOLA HEPATICA (Bancroft, 1893) Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—T richocephalus hepaticus Bancroft, 1893; Trichosoma hepaticum (Bancroft, 1893) Railliet, 1898; Z'richosomum % tenuissi- mum Leidy, 1891, not 7'richosoma tenuissimum Diesing, 1851. Specific diagnosis.—Hepaticola (p. 30) : Head 7 to 10 win diameter. Mouth minutely papillate. Cuticle delicately striate. Worms 4 to 5 (10 to 12) cm. long. Male 28 » thick at posterior end. Anterior esophageal portion of body about equal in length to posterior portion. A membranous sheath is prolonged from the posterior extremity. No spicule present. Female 100 to 120 » thick at the middle of the body, and 65 p» thick at the blunt tail. Anterior esophageal portion of body half as long as the posterior portion. Prominent swollen membranous vulva 6 or 7 mm. from the head. Tail very short, blunt, and conical. Eggs (fig. 35) lemon-shaped, 40 to 52 p long and 30 to 35 p. thick, with the usual opercular plugs at each end. The outer shell is radially striate; the closely approximated inner shell appears homogenous. Life history—tlf the eggs containing embryos are fed to rats, the embryos escape from the shell and make their way to the liver. These embryos are 156 u long and 7 p» thick, with one end blunter than the other. At a distance of 5 uy from the narrow head end the embryo is 3 p thick; at the same distance from yee the other it is 5 y thick. Two days after feeding such yy695--Hepaticona eggs to rats Bancroft was unable to find embryos in Heratica. E@a, : ‘ . ENLARGED. AFTER the intestine of the rat, and no trace of the worms was _ jancrorr, 1893. found in the liver for two weeks, at the end of which time immature worms were found in the liver. Railliet (1892) found embryos in the intestine and liver at the end of five days. In the liver the worms mature and copulate. The subsequent fate of the male is not known. It has only been found by Bancroft in feed- ing experiments, and it seems likely that it dies and disintegrates or passes out. The female deposits large numbers of eggs in the liver and finally dies, in the course of two to three weeks, according to Bancroft, the body serving as the container for the eggs not yet passed out. According to Perugia (1893) the worms are in the biliary canaliculi, but inasmuch as these long worms are found coiled up in the liver, it appears that they extend through the parenchyma largely without reference to the canaliculi (pl. 1). According to Bancroft the eggs do not pass through the bile duct and into the intestine; Railliet says he has found the eggs in the feces. The presence of so many eggs in the liver, associated with the death of the female, suggests that the propagation of the worm depends on can- a2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. nibalism. The development of the embryo in the egg is very slow. Bancroft found that the egg did not begin segmentation before the end of three months; Railliet found that segmentation began in the fourth month. Bancroft found the embryos formed in five months; Railliet found the embryos formed in the fifth and sixth months. The embryos in the eggs have been found alive as much as two years and five months after embryo formation, the eggs being kept in water. Galli-Valerio (1903) has developed embryos in two months in 2 per cent formalin. The worms cause irregular white or yellowish spots on the liver as a result of egg deposition, the spots suggesting coccidiosis. Sec- tion shows a localized cirrhosis of the liver, the liver cells being atro- phied and supplanted by connective tissue elements. In severe arti- ficial infestations Bancroft found that three weeks after feeding the rats showed signs of dyspnea, diarrhea, and emaciation, and died in the course of three to four weeks. Animals less heavily infested exhibit an atrophy of the liver which after the death of the worms goes on to recovery, leaving only the localized cirrhosis. Hosts—Epimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus), Epimys alexandri-. nus (Mus alewandrinus), (?) Lepus europaeus. Location.—Liver. Localities —F¥rance, Italy, Australia, (?) England, United States (?Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Washington, District of Columbia; Providence, Rhode Island; San Francisco, California). This parasite was first observed by Chaussat (1850). Other records are those of Colin (1862), Davaine (1877), Leidy (1891), McCoy (1908), Mink (1909), and Robinson (1913). Generali (1878) notes the finding of encysted filiform nematodes in the liver of a rabbit, causing nodules resembling those of coccidiosis and associated with coccidiosis. Nicoll (1911) has recorded the finding of frag- ments of a trichosome together with trichosome eggs in the liver of Lepus europaeus in England, and I have tentatively referred his record to Hepaticola hepatica on the grounds that if the worm were a species proper to and common in a food animal like the rabbit it would be found oftener, as the lesions are almost sure to be observed. To be sure, they might easily be regarded as coccidiosis, but the numerous studies on coccidiosis of rabbits in turn should have insured finding it. However, there are certain discrepancies between Nicoll’s description .and that of 77. hepatica. His measurements of eggs in utero are slightly in excess of the maximum, 52 », found by me, while the eggs found by him in the vagina attain a size of 70 to 78 p by 40 to 45 ». He also finds the egg (fig. 86) to consist of a radially striate outer shell, a concentrically striate inner shell, both incom- plete at the poles, and an inner complete discrete membrane sur- rounding the embryonic mass. I do not find a condition approxi- No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 38 mating his figure of this. He also finds the female to be 140 to 230 » thick, which figures are considerably in excess of those given for H. hepatica. In spite of these discrepancies I have tentatively referred this species to J/. hepatica on the ground that further study of live material may reconcile the discrepancies, and present data are insufficient to warrant a new species. Eggs from a worm possibly be- longing to H. hepatica were reported by Per- roncito (1878) from the liver of a dog. Genus CAPILLARIA Zeder, 1800. Synonyms.—Trichosoma Rudolphi, 1819; Trichosomum Creplin, 1839; Calodium Du- jardin, 1845. FIG. 36.—?HEPATICOLA HEPAT- . ° ‘ f é IcA. EGG OF TRICHOSOME Generic diagnosis——Trichurinae (p. 19): prom uver or Lepus Body very slender, capillary; anterior esopha- —- BURoPABUS. ENLARGED. : AFTER NICOLL, 1911. geal portion of body shorter than or rarely equal to the posterior portion of body. Bacillary band dorsal, ven- tral or lateral, or absent. Esophagus long and slender, gradually increasing in size posteriorly. Spicule long and slender, surrounded by a sheath which may present a smooth outer surface when evagi- nated or a surface armed with spines. Tail of male may or may not be provided with membranous wings and a membranous bursalike structure, these being usually inconspicuous when present. Vulva located near the base of the esophagus. Eggs lemon-shaped, with the usual opercular plugs. Type-species—Capillaria tumida Zeder, 1803=Trichosoma brevi- colle Rudolphi, 1819. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF CAPILLARIA. eR ecormizEple SHeGles aes se eave ek a Se ee 2. Inadequately described or undescribed species______________-_-__-_______ 5. 2. Dorsal and ventral bacillary band present________ Capillaria bacillata, p. 34. No bacillary bands present, or, at least, none described__________-_»____ 3. 8. Spicules less than 1 mm. long; worms in intestine__Capillaria annulosa, p. 35. SPiculessmoresthan a mMy TON Sas ee a ee ee ee eas 4, ¢) VVOLmsin urinary bladder 2 a Capillaria schmidti, p 37. WOrKMSAIN intestine =. = an ee ee Capillaria ransomia, p. 34. Py PHICHITAL OS) p CLES CISTI) Cine a ae tr ee a es 6. Nov descriptions "nomina nudaa 2. ee ee 8. Goin: uninary Dlad deria sae a = ee Capillaria papillosa, p. 37. Immdicestive. tract: (apparently )i2s2 22s See ee ee hs 7. In Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus)__Trichosoma muris-sylwatici, p. 36. In Eliomys quercinus (Myoxus nitella)____Trichosomum myowxi-nitelae, p. 36. Seen MAUS INU SCULUULS ee es Trichosoma muris-musculi, p. 37. In Arvicola amphibius (Lemmus amphibius) ~~ __ Trichosomum lemmi, p. 87. 10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. CAPILLARIA RANSOMIA Barker and Noyes, rors. Specific diagnosis.—Capillaria (p. 33) : Anal aperture subterminal. Male 19.6 mm. long with a body diameter of 10 » just behind the Fig. 37.—CAPILLARIA RANSOMIA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. AFTER BARKER, 1915. head and of 32 » in the posterior portion. Posterior end slightly curved and provided with a small bursa with two lateral lobes (fig. 37); spicule 1.36 mm. long and 7 » thick; the sheath of the spicule 10 py in diameter. Female 19 mm. long with a body diameter of 22 p ria. 38_Carnta. JUSt behind the head and 65 y in the posterior portion. nia Ransom. Vulva in anterior fourth of the body, 5 mm. from the ee, 1, 6anterior end. Eggs 50 by 20 » in diameter and with prominent plugs (fig. 38). Host—Ondatra zibethica (Fiber zibethicus). Location—Duodenum. Locality —United States (Nebraska). This worm is described in a paper by Barker (1915). His indi- vated magnifications do not agree with text. 0.01 mm. CAPILLARIA BACILLATA (Eberth, 1863) Hall, 1916. Synonym—tTrichosomum bacillatum Eberth, 1863. Specific diagnosis.— Capillaria (p. 83): Dorsal bacillary band _ three- fourths of body diameter ric. 39.Carnia. 200 ventral bacillary band RIA BaciLaTa. One-third of body diameter eT Che SECTION ((figne80). oy Dheirodsisare OF POSTERIOR (postvutvar) thicker in the dorsal band. PART OF BODY, sHowinc por. Lhe lateral bands are small saL AnD veN- and simple. Mouth aper- TRAL BACILLARY Bands. Du- ture surrounded by three GRAMMATIC. gmall papillae. Fic. 40.—CAPILLARIA BACILLATA. ENLARGED. AF- Vu iS ° POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, TER EBERTH, Male 15 mm. long with a SHOWING SHEATH. ENLARGED. 1863. maximum thickness of 80 yp. ——- AFTER EBERTH, 1863. Posterior end of body slightly bent toward the ventral surface (fig. 40). A bursa, consisting of two lateral flaps, is present. Cloacal NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 85 aperture is terminal. Penis sheath is provided with fine bristly spines. Female length (?), thickness (?). Body thickens only moderately posteriorly, and diminishes in size toward the terminal anal aperture. Posterior end obliquely truncate. The round, inconspicuous vulva (fig. 41) is situated laterally and posterior of the union of the esophagus and intestine. The thick-shelled eggs are barrel-shaped, with the usual opercular plugs, and are 48 p long and 19 ». thick. Host—Mus musculus. Location —Esophagus. Locality Not given. The location given is quite unusual. CAPILLARIA ANNULOSA (Dujardin, 1845) Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—Calodium annulosum Dujardin, 1845; Trichosomum annulosum Dujardin, 1845; Zrichosoma muris-decumant Bellingham, 1845, of Molin, 1861); Trichosomum (Calodium) annulosum Diesing, 1851; Trichosoma anulosum Dujardin of Stossich, 1890. Specific diagnosis —Capillaria (p. 33): Body dis- tinctly annulate, especially in the posterior portion. Head very narrow, about 8 p in diameter. Cuticle dis- tinctly striate transversely; striations at intervals of 2 to 5 uw, the narrower intervals in the anterior portion. No bacillary bands. Male 14 mm. long by 40 » thick. Body somewhat bent posteriorly. Tail bilobed, with two slightly prominent membranous (?) alae. Spicule 950 p long; sheath of equal length, smooth ana with regular trans- verse folds on the interior. Female 21 mm. long by 58 » thick. Tail obtuse. Anal aperture subterminal. Vulva (fig. 42) a trans- verse cleft without appendix, 4 mm. from the anterior extremity, and posterior of the union of the esophagus = BRE. 4-4 and intestine. Eggs 51 to 57 pw long. Body slightly pe. 4 capita thicker posteriorly than anteriorly. RIA BACILLATA. . ° . FEMALE IN RE- Host—Epimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus), E'pi- gon or vutva. mys rattus (Mus rattus). eee . . TER BERTH. Location.—Intestine. 1863. Localities—¥ rance (Rennes) ; Ireland. The writer has followed Dujardin, who proposed this species, in stating that there are no bacillary bands in this species. It must be noted, however, that Eberth (1863), presumably on the study of ma- terial which he believed to be Dujardin’s species, states that this form has lateral bacillary bands equal to a third of the body diameter 386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. and that he finds similar ventral and dorsal lines consisting of small nuclei. In the face of Dujardin’s statement that the absence of bacillary bands is a specific characteristic, I have left the diagnosis in this form. It is possible that Eberth had another species, distinct from C. annulosa or that Dujardin did not find the typical bacillary structure and that Eberth uses the term “ bacillary band” to refer to structures which are not really bacil- lary (i. e. composed of rods). See also C. schmidti. ————— SS [eye tt 15) Te BAS x C3 A) A D> TRICHOSOMA MURIS-SYLVATICI Diesing, 1851. Synonym.—Trichosoma muris sylvatici Dujardin, 1845, of Diesing, 1851. Specific diagnosis —Capillaria (p. 33) : Male unknown. Female 12 to 22 mm. long and.70 to 80 » thick. Head 9 to 13 p in diameter. Tail transversely truncate. Cuticle transversely striate, with striations at inter- vals of 2. Vulva 5.6 mm. from the anterior extremity and without appendix. Eggs 55 to 60 p long; opercular plugs large. Host.—A podemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus). Location—(%) Intestine. Dujardin does not give the location. Locality —F rance (Rennes). Dujardin did not apply any name to this species and the name credited to Dujardin by Diesing must be cred- \ ited to Diesing. I have regarded this name as binomial in intent and have placed the hyphen in the specific | | name accordingly. In the absence of adequate data re- | garding this form I have left the generic name as it stands. [ (q 2 DL. ere Se Fic. 42.—CAPILLA- TRICHOSOMUM MYOXI-NITELAE Diesing, 1851. RIA ANNULOSA. ; § Femate nre- Synonym.—T richosomum myoxi nitelae Dujardin of GION OF VULVA. : : ENLARGED. AF- Diesing, 1851. ter Eserts, Specific diagnosis—Capillaria (p. 33) : 1863. Male unknown. Female length (?), 71 » thick. Tail 44 » thick, slightly thinned, obtuse. Anal aperture situated laterally in front of the posterior ex- tremity. Eggs lemon-shaped, 58 p» long, longitudinally striate, and with the usual opercular plugs. Host.—Eliomys quercinus (Myowus nitella). Location.—Intestine. Locality—France (Rennes). This species was not named by Dujardin, who described it, and the name credited to him by Diesing must be credited to Diesing. This No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 87 name, like the preceding, I have regarded as binomial in intent, but in the absence of further data regarding the worm I see no reason for making the correct generic and specific combination. TRICHOSOMA MURIS-MUSCULI Creplin, 1849. Specific diagnosis—Capillaria (p. 33): Host—Mus musculus. Location.—Large intestine. Locality—Not known. There is no description of this species and the name must be re- garded as a nomen nudum. It might have been Capillaria bacillata. TRICHOSOMUM LEMMI Diesing, 1851. Synonyms.—T richosoma Retzius, 1841; Trichosomum lemmi Ret- zius of Diesing, 1851. Specific diagnosis.—Capillaria (?) (p. 33): fost.—Arvicola amphibius (Lemmus amphibius). Location.—Stomach. Locality—Not known. Retzius refers to this worm merely as 7richosoma, and the name credited by Diesing to Retzius must be credited to Diesing. In the Jocation in which this undescribed worm was found, it is quite pos- sible that the worm was one of the hairlike strongyles. The name used is a nomen nudum, and there is considerable likelihood that the record is entirely erroneous in regarding this as a trichosome. CAPILLARIA PAPILLOSA (Polonio, 1860) Hall, 1916. Synonym—Calodium papillosum Polonio, 1860. Specific diagnosis.—Capillaria (p. 33) : Male unknown. Female 15 (?) mm. long. Body attenuate anteriorly and rounded posteriorly. Vulva in anterior portion of body: Anal aperture at the caudal extremity with 4 papillae in that vicinity. Host —K pimys rattus (Mus rattus). Location—Urinary bladder. Locality.—Italy (Padua). Note the comment on the following species. CAPILLARIA SCHMIDTI Hall, 1916, emend. Synonym.—T richosoma schmidtii von Linstow, 1874. Specific diagnosis—Capillaria (p. 33): Head (fig. 43) ends bluntly with three small projections. No bacillary bands present. The 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. cuticle (fig. 44) is finely striate longitudinally, the striations being interrupted at short intervals by annular spaces free of striations, these spaces being especially distinct in the posterior portion of the body. . Male 17.1 to 21 mm. long. Body thickest in the middle, 30 to 52 p thick, the head end 10 to 16 » thick and the tail end 20 to 33 p thick. Anterior esophageal portion of body 4.8 to 7.2 mm. long. The cells of the esophageal cell chain are about eight times as long as wide. The bent, unciniform spicule (fig. 45) is 1.2 to 14 mm. long. It is 6 » thick at the proximal end and terminates in a fine point distally. 45. Figs. 43-45.—CAPILLARIA SCHMIDTI. 43, HEAD OF MALE. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1874. 44, CUTICLESHOWING ANNULAR INTERRUPTIONS OF LONGITUDINALSTRIATIONS. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LInstow, 1874. 45, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, SHOWING SPICULE. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LIN- STow, 1874. The sheath is smooth and transversely striated and may be evaginated to a distance of 0.9 mm. The posterior extremity of the body ter- minates in two distinct lobes of greater diameter than the preceding portion of the body. Female unknown. Host.—E pimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus). Location—Urinary bladder. Locality.— Germany. It is quite possible that this species and the foregoing, Capillaria papillosa, are identical, since they are both trichosomes and found in the urinary bladder of closely related species of rats, which are cos- mopolitan animals, and in areas so comparatively close to one an- other as Germany and Italy. However, since one species is based on the male and the other on the female, it is perhaps better to keep the species distinct for the present and merely call attention to the likelihood of their being identical. C. schmidti might be C. annulosa. NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 39 Superfamily ASCAROIDEA Railliet and Henry, 1915. Synonym.—Ascaridea Diesing, 1861, of Travassos, 1914. Superfamily diagnosis —Nematoda (p. 4): Mouth commonly pro- vided with two or three prominent or inconspicuous lips which are often supplied with papillae, but the mouth may be of variable shape and without lips. When three lips are present one is median and dorsal, the others are submedian and are approximated in the ventral line. Buccal capsule is not present. Males are provided with one or two spicules, rarely with none. Female with two ovaries, oviparous, rarely, as in Oxyuris vivipara, viviparous. As a rule development is direct and without intermediate host; exceptionally (as in ascarids of fish) there is an intermediate host. Type-family—Ascaridae Cobbold, 1864. Travasssos (1914a) proposes the name Ascaridea as a superfamily. This name was used as a family name by Diesing (1861), but it is not in the form of either the family or superfamily name. ANALYTICAL KEY TO FAMILIES OF ASCAROIDEA. 1. Meromyarian. Males with 1 spicule, at times reduced, imperfectly chitin- ZC AOS MEL SOT eee ee ee el ee eee a) Ta Oxyuridae, p. 65. Polymyarian ; or meromyarian with 2 spicules___________________________ ae 2, Meromyarian with 2 spicules_#1___.-____._________ Family uncertain, p. 105. zon yary ny ehigl sit een aoe et eaneneenten ae oe eee ees OR PE) eee SO. ek eee Ede 8. Lips 3 or 6 in number and very prominent. No anal sucker in male. Ascaridae, p. 39. Lips 2 or 8 or none present, mouth variable in shape. Anal sucker in male or rarely (Seuratum) absent__.._.______=...._-..___. Heterakidae, p. 44. Family ASCARIDAE Cobbold, 1864. Family diagnosis—Ascaroidea (p. 89): Polymyarian, mouth with three prominent lips supplied with papillae, the dorsal lip being median and the two others submedian and approximated in the ven- tral line, or with three main lips and three relatively prominent or in- conspicuous intermediate lips (interlabia). Male usually with two spicules. Caudal extremity of female terminates conically and fairly abruptly. Type-genus.—Ascaris Linnaeus, 1758. Subfamity ASCARINAHE Travassos, 1913. Subfamily diagnosis—Ascaridae (p. 389): Characters of the family. Type-genus.—Ascaris Linnaeus, 1758. ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF ASCARINAE. dagkips, without fringes or-tentacles_-.2 £222 2 ee Ascaris, p. 40. Slips wath! fringes or tentacles. 22 Crossophorus, p. 42. 40 PROCEEDINGS OF-THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. Genus ASCARIS Linnaeus, 1758. Synonyms.—Stomachida Pereboom, 1780; Fusaria Zeder, 1800; Lombricoides Mérat, 1821. Generic diagnosis—Ascarinae (p. 39): Mouth with three well- developed lips. Male with two equal spicules, and with numerous papillae on the ventral surface of the body in front of and behind the anus. Vulva near middle of body or anterior of this point. Shell of egg thick, with numerous mamillate projections on its outer albuminous layer. Ty pe-species.—Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus, 1758. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF ASCARIS. TBSAIN OU ES CTEP EMOTO Se No ie cee es ah Ascaris species, p. 40 Deseribed SPeCiOss ee ee ee Ee ee ae Ee a 2 Zs intermediaterlips absentee -= tases ikl aie ene Ae ey Ascaris castoris, p. 40. intermediate lips: presemts(((%) 22s Sa es eee ee ae ee eee ee oO 5. Female 9 em, long; male unknown _--_=—-----_~ Ascaris laevis, p. 41. Female 11 cm. long; male described_______________z Ascaris pigmentata, p. 41. ASCARIS species Parona, 1909. Specific diagnosis.—Ascaris (p. 40). No description. aE Location.—Stomach. Locality—¥ort Portal, Africa. Parona mentions finding one female specimen, which he calls Ascaris species. It seems likely to the writer that this does not belong in the genus Ascaris or even in the Ascaroidea, but rather in the superfamily Filarioidea and possibly in the genus Protospirura, of which I have a large species, superficially resembling an ascarid, from the stomach of a rodent. See comment on Ascaris pigmentata. However, in the absence of adequate data and in view of the fact that it is not a named species, there is nothing to gain by changing the name used by Parona. ASCARIS CASTORIS Rudolphi, 1809. Specific diagnosis.—Ascaris (p. 40): Long cylindrical worms, 10.8 to 21.7 cm. ‘long. Male not described. Female not described. Host.—Castor fiber. Location.—Intestine. Locality.—N ot stated. Perrault, Charras, and Dodart, in their memoir on mammals, men- tion these worms, and state that they are comparable to earthworms. Rudolphi regarded them as ascarids. Such a supposition is quite No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 41 reasonable, though the writer is of the opinion that these and other ascarids from rodents probably belong in some related genus rather than in the restricted genus Ascaris. ASCARIS LAEVIS Leidy, 1856. Synonym—Ascaris levis Leidy, 1904. Specific diagnosis.—Ascaris (p. 40): Male unknown. Female 9 cm. long by 3mm. thick. Lips prominent. Tail conical, mucronate. Host—Marmota monax (Arctomys monax). Location.—Intestine. Locality —N ot stated. The above description from Leidy is rather inadequate, but in view of the size of the worm, the determination as Ascaris, and the pres- ence in M/armota marmota (Arctomys marmota) of a large similar worm, the standing of this worm may be considered in connection with this latter worm, Ascaris pigmentata. ASCARIS PIGMENTATA von Linstow, 1897. Specific diagnosis —Ascaris (p. 40): Characterized by a dark pigment occurring throughout the cuticle and the walls of the in- testine and esophagus. The lips (fig. 46) have dental ridges and there are inferior intermediate lips. The dorsal lip is 320 p broad and 260 p. long. The lip pulp toward the ex- ternal aspect of the worm is rounded ; that toward the internal aspect divides into two parts. The lip bears two double papillae. There is a gross cuticular annulation at intervals of oUp. and a timer one at intervals of 5 uw. aie 46-—Ascanis: ricweneata: LaTeRar The esophagus is 1/10.6 of the entire VIEW OF HEAD. ENLARGED. AFTER VON earth. Livstow, 1897. Male 7.5 cm. long and 950 » thick. The length of the tail is 1/227 of the entire length. The spicules are lancet-shaped and are 1.38 mm. long. On each side of the tail end there are 5 postanal and about 22 to 25 preanal papillae. Female 11.4 cm. long by 1.26 mm. thick. The tail end is rounded and measures 1/286 of the entire length. Eggs not developed. Host—Marmota marmota (Arctomys marmota). Location.—N ot given; presumably intestine. Locality—KGnigsberg Zoological Gardens, Kénigsberg, Germany. The presence of intermediate lips must be taken as sufficient to remove this worm from the genus Ascaris. Leiper and Atkinson (1914) have very properly created the new genus Aathleena for 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. ascarids with interlabia, such as the well-known forms from seals. However, I am disinclined to put this species in the genus A athleena. There is no reason to think that the esophageal appendage and in- testinal ceca are present and the host animals are from widely sepa- rated groups. On the other hand, I was surprised to find that a para- site I had regarded on first sight and after some examination as a species of Ascaris, perhaps close to Ascaris pigmentata, was a species of Protospirura. The gross appearance of the animal, the size and other external characteristics spoke for its ascarid nature, but it was, nevertheless, not even in the same superfamily as the ascarids. In view of this fact, I have left Leidy’s and von Linstow’s species in the genus Ascaris, not on the grounds that they belong there, but for fear they may pee to be separated more than gen- erically from that genus. Genus CROSSOPHORUS Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828. Synonym.—Ascaris of Schneider, 1866, in part. Generic diagnosis.—Ascarinae (p. 39): Head with three lips hol- lowed on the inside and provided with papillae or fringed. In- testine with two ceca directed anteriorly. Male with a,simple spicule. Female uterus with two branches. Type-species.—Crossophorus collaris Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF CROSSOPHORUS. 1. Head separated from body by pronounced strangulation and surrounded by a collar of biturecatedifimbnise 22 =o ee Crossophorus collaris, p. 42. Head not sharply separated from body and without collar of fimbriae; each lip provided with 3 long tentacles_______ Crossophorus tentaculatus, p. 43. CROSSOPHORUS COLLARIS Hemprich and Ehren- berg, 1828. Synonym.—Ascaris ferox Schneider, 1866. . Specific diagnosis. — Crossophorus (p. 42): Lips (figs. 47 and 48) very simi- lar, semicircular with scalloped edge. The dental ridge is interrupted, forming on the outer edge of the lip on each side five combs of spines, the number of spines fig- ured as two to eight to a comb. An unin- Fia. 47.—Crossornorus couaris. terrupted row of spines encircles the lips, fees cae, x. proceeding in a bow to the inner sur- face of the base of each lip, bending about and crossing the outer basis of the lip, going back to the body cuticle parallel to the posterior edge of the lip, and proceeding again to the J No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 43 middle of the outer base of the adjoining lip. These spines are flat. The transition from one to another at their bases is in the form of a bow, and anteriorly they usually branch dichotomously. The intestine has two ceca projecting toward the esophagus. Male 46 mm. long. The simple bare spicule projects forward from a very short tail. This tail (fig. 49) bears a double row of papillae on each side. Schneider figures < gi 9 preanal and 10 to 12 postanal. FIG, 48.—CROSSOPHORUS COLLARIS. Female 90 mm. long. Uterus with two MEDIAN VIEW OF THEDORSAL UP. X90. AFTER SCHNEIDER, 1866. branches. Hosts—Procavia capensis (Hyrax capensis), Procavia syriaca (Hyrax syriacus). Location.—Cecum. Locality.—Shores of the Red Sea. Schneider (1866) used the name Ascaris ferox, crediting it to Hemprich and Ehrenberg, and at the same time noting Crossophorus collaris of Hem- prich and Ehrenberg as a synonym. Hemprich and Ehrenberg do not use the term Ascaris feroxw and, so far as can be determined, it is a deliberate renaming. In his description, Schneider Fic. 49.—CROSSOPHORUS COLLARIS. POSTERIOR : EXTREMITY OF MALE; VENTRAL VIEW. X 130. Says the male tail bears a AFTER SCHNEDER, 1866. double row of papillae and adds “1 steht ganz seitlich.” It is not clear whether this means that one row, the outer on each side, is entirely lateral or that one papilla is entirely lateral, and his figures do not definitely aflirm either idea, though leaving a presumption in favor of the first. CROSSOPHORUS TENTACULATUS Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828. Synonym.—A scaris tentaculatus Ehrenberg of Nassonov (1897). Specific diagnosis.—Crossophorus (p. 42): Head not distinctly separated from the body. Mouth provided with papillae and each lip bearing three very long tentacles. Worms 2 to 3 inches (about 5 to 7.5 cm.) long. Male not specifically described. Female not specifically described. Host.—Procavia capensis (Hyrax capensis). 44 PROCEEDINGS Of THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 56: Location.—Cecum. Locality.—Shores of Red Sea. Hemprich and Ehrenberg state that this species is rarer than Crossophorus collaris. 'The descriptions suggest that the two species do not belong in the same genus, but in the absence of an adequate diagnosis of Crossophorus tentaculatus no satisfactory separation is possible, and there is the possibility that further study might show them to be congeneric. The name Ascaris tentaculatus, credited by Nassonov to Ehrenberg, must be credited to Nassonov as Ascaris tentaculatus (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828) Nassonov, 1897. Family HETERAKIDAE Railliet and Henry, 1914. Synonym.—Heteracidae Railliet and Henry, 1914. Family diagnosis.—Ascaroidea (p. 39): Polymyarian. Mouth pro- vided with two or three lips or without lips and of variable shape. Esophagus cylindrical or club-shaped, often followed by a distinct bulb. Males with a preanal sucker, which may be limited by a chitinous ring or a delicate cuticular membrane, or formed by a simple longitudinal depression; this sucker not present in Sewratum. Two spicules, one or both of which may tend to atrophy or show im- perfect chitinization, and with accessory piece present or absent. Vulva near middle of body. Ty pe-genus.—H eterakis Dujardin, 1845. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF HETERAKIDARE. 1. Mouth with 2 lips, anal sucker absent in male______________ Seuratinae, p. 62. Mouth with 8 lips or with lips inconspicuous or wanting_____-____________ Or 2. Mouth with 5 well-defined lips; preanal sucker nearly circular and limited by BCHULINOUS Pri oe Re ee ee 2 ee ee ee Heterakinae, p. 44. Mouth with lips inconspicuous or wanting, rarely with 3 lips; preanal sucker fusiform and without a chitinous ring_-._________-___ Subulurinae, p. 51. Subfamily HHTHRAKINAH®E Railliet and Henry, 19120. Subfamily diagnosis —Heterakidae (p. 44): Mouth with three well-defined lips; esophageal bulb present or absent; preanal sucker nearly circular and limited by a chitinous ring; spicules equal or unequal; gubernaculum present or absent. Type-genus.—Heterakis Dujardin, 1845. Lane (1914) proposes the subfamily Heterakinae in a strict sense as “sub.-fam. nov.” The name of the subfamily must, of course, date from the person proposing it, not from the person restricting it or rewriting its diagnosis. ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF HETERAKINAE, 1. Bursa well developed ;.no gubernaculum______-_--___=______ Heterakis, p. 45. Bursa not developed ; gubernaculum present____—_______ Paraspidodera, p. 49. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 45 Genus HETERAKIS Dujardin, 1845. Synonym.—Leteracis Molin, 1858¢; Ganguleterahis Lane, 1914. Generic diagnosis —Heterakinae (p. 44): Mouth with three lips. Esophagus subcylindrical, progressively swollen toward its posterior extremity and with a distinct bulb. T'wo lateral membranes present or absent. Males with caudal alae well developed to form a bursa sustained by papillae of raylike appearance. Spicules generally un- equal, at times equal or subequal, with- out accessory piece. Preanal sucker with a distinct chitinous ring. Females with vulva toward the middle of the body, the uterine branches passing in opposite directions. The eggs have a thick shell. Type-species. — Heterakis vesicularis (Froelich, 1791) Dujardin, 1845. HETERAKIS SPUMOSA Schneider, 1866. Synonyms. — Heterakis dahomensis Gendre, 1911; Ganguleterakis gangula Lane, 1914. Specific diagnosis.—Heterakis (p.45) : Head 70 to 80 » in diameter. Mouth with three distinct subequal lips; each lip with two lateral papillae and appar- ently one median. The small mouth cavity is followed immediately by the esophagus. About 65 to 75 ». from the head end the esophagus lumen dilates transversely and abruptly narrows to its original diameter. Ex- clusive of the bulb, the esophagus is 625 to 685 » long and 60 to 70 pw in Tomm diameter; the bulb is 250 to 300 yp. Fic. 50.—HETERAKIS SPUMOSA. AN- long and 125 to 170 u in diameter. TERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. The cavity of the bulb is dilated posteriorly and lined with a chiti- nous investment, the shape of the cavity varying with the contrac- tion of the bulb. The lining of the esophagus proper shows a deli- cate transverse marking. The cuticle shows a fine longitudinal and transverse striation. A short distance back of the head a lateral membrane (fig. 50) originates and rapidly attains its maximum de- velopment, gradually diminishing posteriorly and continuing to the posterior end of the body. The two cervical papillae are about 225 to 250 » from the anterior end of the body. The excretory pore is about 440 » from the head end. 46 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50 Male 6.4 to 9.85 mm. long and with a maximum thickness of about 260 ». There is a well-developed bursa (figs. 51 and 52) which origi- nates anterior of the preanal sucker. It is sustained in the anal region by three pairs of papillae and is notched at the distal termina- tion of the third of these. The bursal lobe originating at this notch is a small one, the bursa abruptly diminishing in diameter just behind this pair and being continued as the terminal portion accompanying the tail proper. This last portion is sustained by three pairs of papillae and extends to the tip of the acutely pointed Vomm. Vomm. Fig, 51.—HETERAKIS SPUMOSA. Fia. 52.—HETERAKIS SPUMOSA. POS- POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE; LAT- MALE}; VENTRAL VIEW. ERAL VIEW. tail. Of the three pairs of papillae sustaining the bursa in the anal region the anterior pair is much the largest. The proximal portion appears to be thick and granular, the diminished distal portion is thin and clear. The next pair of papillae behind this is shorter and has the same structure, a granular proximal portion and a clear dis- tal portion. The next pair of papillae, that in relation with the bursal notch, does not show this same structure; it is longer than the preceding pair. Of the three pairs of papillae sustaining the bursa along the tail proper the anterior pair is the thinnest, the middle the thickest, and the posterior pair is intermediate in thick- ness. These are all of about the same length. It is sometimes diffi- No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 47 cult to see more than two pairs of papillae on one or both sides of the tail membrane, possibly due to doubling or crumpling. In addi- tion to the six pairs of papillae which sustain the bursa, there are four other pairs. Of these, two stalked pairs are in the region of the sucker, the apparent relation to the sucker being rather variable. The other two pairs are sessile and are in the vicinity of the cloacal aperture; they are rather difficult to observe accurately. The cloacal aperture is variable in shape or presents variations due to point of view or distortion. The sucker (fig. 53) is a powerful pedunculate structure, with a strong chitinous invest- ment interrupted on the posterior border by a papilliform elevation. The sucker is elliptical, with a transverse diameter of about 86 yp. and a longitudinal diameter of 65 to 82 y. There are well-developed mus- cular strands from the base of the sucker to the opposite body wall. The spicules are subequal, 200 to (?) 400 » in length, flattened, and have a pronounced longi- tudinal striation. They are thickest at the — 1/10 mm. proximal end and taper gradually to a 16. 53.—Heteraxis srumosa. . ° CAUDAL SUCKER OF MALE; VEN- point. They are very flexible, and com- an ae monly show signs of curving, twisting, and bending in mounting. The proximal end terminates in a short open hook bending laterally. The distance from the posterior margin of the sucker to the tip of the tail is 435 to 500 p; the distance from the cloacal aperture to the tip of the tail is 250 to 300 yp. Female 7 to 13 mm. Jong with a diameter of 300 to 520 p. The anus is from 680 to 740 » from the posterior end of the body. The vulva (fig. 54) is slightly posterior of the middle of the body. It has two prominent transverse lips with one or two cuticular promi- nences before and behind it in the midventral line. Each lip of the vulva bears two papillae. The vagina appears to be surrounded by a spiral band for some distance back from the region near the vulva. From the vulva the vagina turns forward for a short distance and then turns and extends posteriorly for. a short distance. Apparently it then forks to form the anterior and posterior uterine branches. These extend forward and backward, respectively, and then turn back, transform into the ovaries, and as such make their way in numerous transverse loops through the anterior and posterior ends of the body. ‘The egg has a mamillated shell about 4 » thick and is 55 to 60 by 40 to 55 win diameter. Hggs segmenting when oviposited. Hosis.—Epimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus), Epimys rattus (Alus rattus), Cricetomys gambianus. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. Location.—Cecum. Localities —Cosmopolitan: Germany, Austria (Trieste), South America (Rio Janeiro), Australia (Brisbane), Africa (Abomey, Dahomey), India, United States (Washington, District of Columbia; Bowie and Bethesda, Maryland; Massachusetts; Wooster, Ohio; Kearney, Nebraska; Detroit, Michigan; Idabel, Oklahoma). The above calls for some comment. In the first place, I have regarded AHeterakis dahomensis Gendre, 1911, as a synonym of Heterakis spu- mosa. Gendre’s figures and de- scription seem to warrant this in spite of the fact that there are some discrepancies between his description and that com- monly given or given in the above notes. His specimens measure a little larger than is usual, but still within the rea- sonable limit of variation. He only figures two papillae on the tail proper, but that may easily be due to errors of observation or even anomalies. The spicule measurement given by him (400 p.) is longer than I find it. I find the connection between the vagina and the uteri rather difficult to ascertain; but the point of union appears to be just a little posterior of the vulva. This is approximately where Cobb (1896) states that the vagina and uteri meet in the Yiomm. type species, H. vesicularis, but TG. Ae Here A SrMoss. VAR. ohavedoundyon dissechionsthat the vagina and ovijector in that species make up a much larger affair extending far posterior of the vulva. Cobb’s figuring would make the distance from the vulva to the utero-vaginal union about 340 or 350 p. In a dissected speci- men I find the actual distance to be 4.472 mm. and something of the same sort may be true of H. spumosa. I have also made Ganguleterakis gangula Lane, 1914, a synonym of Heterakis spumosa. Wane’s species was collected from Epimys nor- No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 49 vegicus in India, and his description and figures leave no doubt that this is Heterakis spumosa. He quotes Schneider’s (1866) description of H. spumosa and then states: “I have been unable to obtain any specimens of 77. spwmosa from Europe. The difference in length makes it reasonable to conclude that this is a different species from that now described.” It appeals to the present writer as unsafe to make a new species on a slight difference in size where a described species is known to exist in the same host and in the same location, as animals of all sorts have a more or less definite range of size but not a fixed size. As a matter of fact, my own measurements for H. spu- mosa vary beyond those given by Lane for his species and those given by Schneider for 7. spumosa. Genus PARASPIDODERA Travassos, 1914a. Generic diagnosis —Heterakinae (p. 44): Mouth with three large conspicuous lips. Esophageal bulb present. Males without caudal bursa. Spicules equal or subequal. Gubernaculum present. Vulva anterior to the middle of the body. Ty pe-species—Paraspidodera uncinata Travassos, 1914a. PARASPIDODERA UNCINATA Travassos, 19144a. Synonyms.—Ascaris uncinata Ru- dolphi, 1819, of Travassos, 1914; /Tete- rakis uncinata Schneider, 1866, of Tra- vassos, 1914a. Specific diagnosis.—Paraspidodera (p. 49): Mouth with three large equal lips (fig. 55). Esophagus 1.098 to 1.169 mm. long. Excretory pore 540 py from PTE SY iS Fig. 55.—PARASPIDODERA UNCI- the anterior end. NATA. LATERAL VIEW OF HEAD. Male 11 mm. long by 300 »p thick. eS gE Se 1914. No caudal bursa. Preanal sucker (figs. 56 and 57) round, about 68 » wide, and with a chitinous ring bearing a papilliform node on the posterior margin. Seven pairs of preanal, 1 pair adanal, and 13 pairs of postanal papillae. Of the preanal papillae, one pair is somewhat anterior of the sucker, another is adjacent to the anterior margin of the sucker, another at the side of the sucker, another at the posterior border of the sucker, and three pairsnearer theanus. Of the postanal papillae, the two most anterior pairs are near the median line, the third pair is remote from the median line, and the remaining 10 pairs are arranged in two longitudinal lines on each side of the tail, the lines most remote from the median line presenting in profile on viewing the ventral surface 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. of the worm. The spicules are nearly equal, 470 » long. The guber- naculum is 136 p. long. The cloacal aperture is 279 » from the poste- rior end. Female 16 mm. long by 400 » thick. The vulva is anterior to the middle of the body. Eggs ellipsoidal, 43 by 31 » in diameter, not ee VY Fig. 56.—PARASPIDODERA UNCINATA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE; VENTRAL VIEW. ENLARG- Fic. 57.—PARASPIDODERA UNCINATA. POSTERIOR EX- ED. AFTER TRAVASSOS, TREMITY OF MALE; LATERAL VIEW. ENLARGED. 1914. AFTER TRAVASSOS, 1914. segmenting when oviposited. Anus 1.198 mm. from the posterior end of the body. : Host.—Cavia porcellus. Location.—Cecum and colon. Locality —Brazil. The species described here, according to Travassos (1914a), “are considered to belong to H. wncinata Rudolphi, as they are of the same size, besides having also a long sidecrest.” On comparing Tra- vassos’s figures and description with those for Heterakis uncinata given by Schneider (1866), I am unable to agree with this finding. It is true that the worms are of about the same size and that they both have lateral alae. It is also true that Schneider states that he had only a few poorly preserved specimens and that his description was consequently incomplete. But Schneider figures a long, fusi- NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 51 form sucker, apparently without a limiting chitinous ring and its accompanying papilliform node, and Travassos describes and figures a circular sucker with a prominent chitinous ring bearing on its pos- terior margin a papilliform node. Even in poorly preserved mate- rial the heavy chitinous sucker can be depended on to remain in evidence. Schneider figures a worm in which the distance from the sucker to the cloacal aperture is more than twice the distance from the tip of the tail to the cloacal aperture, whereas -Travassos figures a worm in which the distance from the tip of the tail to the cloacal aperture is more than five times the distance from the sucker to the cloacal aperture. Schneider figures a total of 11 pairs of papillae, while Travassos describes and figures a total of 21 pairs of papillae. We must therefore conclude that Schneider gave a most inaccurate account of the important features of his specimens or that Travassos had described a new species. Without feeling that a final verdict is possible, I still believe it is better to keep two apparently different species separate rather than to suppress Schneider’s description. I have therefore accepted Travassos’s species as a new one, and accepted the name as a new oné, regarding this species as type of the new genus. The specific name is to be regarded as valid and based on a misdeter- mination. There is some question as to the proper action in a case of this sort, but as this action makes no change in the name I have pre- ferred it. Subfamily SUBULURINA}E Travassos, 191444. Synonym.—Kathlaniinae Lane, 1914. Subfamily diagnosis.—Heterakidae (p. 44): Mouth with lips in- conspicuous or lacking, rarely with three lips, followed by a vesti- bule; esophageal bulb present; preanal sucker fusiform and_ not limited by a chitinous ring; spicules unequal, one or both occasionally lacking or imperfectly chitinized; gubernaculum usually present, rarely lacking. : Type-genus.—Subulura Molin, 18600. The present writer is unable to determine whether Subulurinae Travassos, 1914a, or Kathlaniinae Lane, 1914, is the earlier name, as Travassos’s paper bears no date of publication and the date of re- ceipt of available copies indicates nothing as to whether it preceded or followed Lane’s paper. As matters stand, the name Subulurinae has been used because it is based on a better known genus from commoner and better known hosts. Lane’s subfamily is based on a new genus and species of worm from the turtle in India, and a casual examination of the descriptions of the two included species suggests that certain features may in time warrant restricting his forms to a subfamily Kathlaniinae and divorcing it from the genera which may better be included under the Subulurinae. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF SUBULURINAE. - 1. Male with no spicules or accessory piece visible_--_-_-_- Heteroxynema, p. 56. Male usually with 2 spicules; occasionally with 1_---_-_--_-_-__-__-__=- 2. 2. Buceal cavity with very thick chitinous lining in anterior portion and 2 with 3 small teeth, with a rounded free edge, limiting the esophageal APOCLUUT Ces ee ae te et ae) Allodapa, p. 60. Buceal cavity with a very thin lining and with 3 large teeth, with a sharp) freetedgeeatutsibase 2 ae eee eee Subulura, p. 52. Genus SUBULURA Molin, 1860). Synonyms.—Heterakis Dujardin, 1845, of authors; Oxynema von Linstow, 1899, of Railliet and Henry, 1914, in part. Generic diagnosis—Subulurinae (p. 51): Mouth rarely with three lips, sometimes round, usually oval or hexagonal with the long axis dorso-ventral. Mouth followed by a vestibule with a very thin chitinous lining at the base of which are three large teeth, each with a sharp free edge, marking the beginning of the esophagus. Esopha- gus club-shaped, with a distinct terminal esophageal bulb. Six cephalic papillae usually quite distinct. Two lateral membranes often present. Males with caudal alae slightly developed or lacking. Spicules equal and provided with an accessory piece. Preanal sucker fusiform and without a chitinous ring. Female with the vulva near the middle of the body. Uterus probably similar to that of Heterakis. Eggs subglobular, almost always containing an embryo when ovi- posited. Type-species.—_Subulura acutissima Molin, 18600. Seurat (1915e) states that Oxynema is a synonym of Allodapa, since O. rectum is identical with Allodapa crassispiculum. Oxynema is not regarded, therefore, as a subgenus of Subulura. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF SUBULURA. ie eelead-simples. =o eee eee Subulura andersoni, p. 52. Head! with:3 lips 2253" es oe ew oh eis Ss es ee eee 2. 2. Male 13 mm. long; from Cavia aperea______-__---_- Subulura uncinata, p. 538. Male less than 12 mm. long; from Huxerus erythropus__Subulura boueti, p. 54. SUBULURA ANDERSONI (Cobbold, 1876) Railliet and Henry, 1914. Synonym.—Ascaris andersoni Cobbold, 1876. Specific diagnosis—Subulura (p. 52): Head simple and unarmed. Body finely drawn out in front and sharply pointed behind in both Sexes. Male attains a maximum length of 12.5 mm. Tail “ furnished with a minute oval-shaped spine at the tip.” Two long arcuate spicules slightly winged at the distal extremity (fig. 58). No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 53 Female attains a maximum length of 19 mm. and a thickness of 1mm. Tail “with the terminal spine continuous and scarcely dis- tinct ” (fig. 58). Vulva not located. Ova nearly spherical, 50 to 63 in diameter, and containing coiled embryos when oviposited. Host.—Sciurus species. Location.—Cecum. Locality —Northeast India. The presence of embryos in the egg when oviposited, as well as the site of infestation, indicate clearly that this is not a species of Ascaris, as Cobbold made it. Railliet and Henry have tentatively assigned it to the genus Subulura, and despite the fact that the evidence is quite incomplete in impor- tant respects, it still seems sufliciently likely to warrant placing it there : aye we : Fig. 58.—SUBULURA ANDERSONI. Pos- rather than leaving it in a genus in Canon RxTREMIEY OF NHR AeATT (a) which it obviously does not belong. AND OF 10S) TEMADE (): (ND ED. AFTER COBBOLD, 1876, Cobbold’s statement that the worm has a simple head has been used in the key to differentiate this species from the following, but Cobbold’s study of his species was not ade- quate for proper description, and it can not be taken too seriously. The worm may or may not have lips. SUBULURA UNCINATA (Rudolphi, 1819) Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—Ascaris uncinata Rudolphi, 1819; Heterakis uncinata (Rudolphi, 1819) Schneider, 1866. Specific diagnosis—Subulura (p. 52): Mouth with three lips. Lateral membrane begins one-third of the length of the body from the head. Male 13 mm. long. Tail ends in an attenuate unciniform apex (fig. 59). Bursa very little developed. There are five pairs of preanal papillae, of which one pair is adjacent to the sucker, three pairs close to the cloacal aperture, and one pair about halfway be- tween the cloacal aperture and the sucker. There are six pairs of post- anal papillae. One pair of preanal and one pair of postanal papillae are large and prominent. The sucker is fusiform and, judging from this shape and from Schneider’s figure, is without a chitinous ring. Female—16 mm. long. Tail straight and sharp. Hosts—Cavia aperea (Cavia aperia), Cuniculus paca (Agouti paca). Location —Cecum. Locality.—Brazil. 54. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. This is the species which Travassos has regarded as identical with his Paraspidodera uncinata. For reasons given in the discussion of that species, it seems safer to regard the two species as distinct. On the other hand, it seems quite likely, as far as the descriptions are concerned, that Subulura boueti and S. uncinata are identical, though they are kept separate here on account of the different hosts and localities and to await additional data. The only differ- ence in size utilized in compiling the key is of no significance. SUBULURA BOUETI (Gendre, 1911) Travassos, 1913. Synonyms.—Heterakis boueti Gendre, 1911; Subulura (Oxynema) boueti (Gendre, 1911) Railhet and Henry, 1914. Specific diagnosis —Subulura (p. 52): Body is pale yellow and is attenuated, especially poste- riorly, in both sexes. There are two small lateral alae. The cuticle is finely striate. The cephalic extremity is truncated and shows no trace of lips or sign of demarcation from the rest of the body. The head bears six fungiform papillae, almost equidistant in arrangement, four of them sub- median and two lateral, disposed in a circle about the buccal orifice which is large, circular, and yawning. The mouth cavity is large and cylindrical, its base provided with three strong muscular teeth covered with chitin. The pharynx is short. The esophagus thickens gradually to its posterior extremity where it presents a slight swelling. The esophageal bulb is rounded. The Fig. 59.—SusuLura uncl- intestine, which at its origin is larger than the NATA. POSTERIOR EX- . : : TREMITY or mate; vex. eSOphageal bulb, follows a straight line without TRAL VIEW. ENLARGED. notable -variation to the anus. The excretory AFTER SCHNEIDER, 1866. . pore occurs on the ventral surface at the union of the anterior and middle third of the length of the esophagus. Male 9.55 to 11.10 mm. long and 440 to 480 » thick. Esophagus 1/5.5 to 1/6 and tail 1/28 to 1/31.7 of total length of body. The pos- terior region (figs. 60 and 61) is always curved toward the ventral surface and terminates in a conical pointed tail, followed by a small mucronate appendix. It is provided with a bursa, of which the alae extended from the region of the sucker to the base of the caudal appendix. The sucker is oval and is not delimited by a chitinous ring. There are five pairs of preanal and six pairs of postanal papillae. The first pair of preanal is submedian and is even with the middle of No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 55 the sucker; the second pair is submedian and almost equidistant be- tween the sucker and the cloacal aperture; the third pair is submedian and is just anterior of the cloacal aperture; the fourth and fifth pairs are close together and lateral, the fifth being farthest from the median line and sustaining the bursal membrane. The first and second pairs S S @ ZB 7 AYN Fra. 60.—SUBULURA BOU- ETI POSTERIOR EX- TREMITY OF MALE; VEN- TRAL VIEW. ENLARG- Fic. 61.—SUBULURA BOUETI. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY ED. AFTER GENDRE, OF MALE; LATERAL VIEW. ENLARGED. AFTER 1911. GENDRE, 1911. of postanal papillae are large and submedian; the fifth and sixth pairs are also submedian, but much smaller; the third and fourth pairs are lateral, the third pair sustaining the lateral membrane and the fourth pair being the smallest of all the papillae. There is a single spicule, the right, and an accessory piece (fig. 62). The spicule is strong, curved, and finely striate transversely. It is 980 p long and is composed of two distinct parts; the short proximal part is cylindrical and terminates in a funnel-shaped head, while the longer distal part terminates in a point and is provided with two lateral alae. The accessory piece is awl-shaped and abruptly en- larged at the base. On its ventral face is a groove, along which the spicule slides, formed by a simple depression on the side of the base and by two small, flexible, membranous folds on the side of the point. Female 15.52 to 18.78 mm. long and 600 to 640 » thick. Esophagus is 1/7.6 to 1/8.4 and tail 1/11.9 to 1/13.8 of the total body length. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. The tail (fig. 63) is straight and conical and terminates in a small point comparable to that of the male. The vulva is very prominent and visible to the naked eye. It opens transversely on the ventral surface in the anterior portion of the body about 1/2.5 of the total Cc. - b * 62. 63. Fics. 62, 63.—SUBULURA BOUETI. 62, ACCESSORY PIECE IN ANTERIOR, @, AND POSTERIOR, b, VIEW, AND THE SPICULE, c. AFTER GENDRE, 1911. 63, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. ENLARGED. AFTER GENDRE, 1911. body length from the head. The genital apparatus is double. The eggs have thin shells and are rounded in shape. They average 62 p long and 52 » wide. They contain an embryo, always rolled up lke a snail, in a uniform fashion, when oviposited. Host.—Eucxerus erythropus (Xerus erythropus). Location.—Intestine. Locality —Agouagon, Dahomey. As noted in the discussion of S. wncinata, there seem to be no morphological differences between that species and S. boueti. HETEROXYNEMA Hall, 1916, new genus. Generic diagnosis —Subulurinae (p. 51): Mouth with three lips; teeth feebly, if at all, developed at the base of the mouth. Two cervical alae present. No spicules or gubernaculum visible. Pre- anal sucker fusiform and without a chitinous margin, the margin consisting of a delicate cuticular membrane, which is apparently lacking in the median line anteriorly and posteriorly, so that the sucker has two lateral cuticular membranes. The vulva is near the union of the anterior and middle thirds of the body. The eggs are bluntly pointed, somewhat similar to those of Oxvyuris. Ty pe-species.—Heteroxynema cucullatum Hall, 1916. No. 2181. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 57 HETEROXYNEMA CUCULLATUM Hall, 1916, new species. Specific diagnosis.—Heteroxynema (p. 56): Males approximately half as long or less than half as long as females (fig. 64). The 64. 65. Fics. 64, 65—HETEROXYNEMA CUCULLATUM. 64, MALE, @,AND FEMALE, b. 65, HEAD: a, DORSAL VIEW; b, VENTRAL VIEW. cuticle has a transverse striation. There are three simple lips, one dorsal and two latero-ventral, each bearing a median papilla appar- ently double and with a papilla between the adjacent lips. The 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. buccal cavity is simple and shallow. The esophagus is club-shaped, gradually thickening posteriorly and terminating in a bulb. The bulb is often deeply set in the dilated enfolding anterior end of the intestine. The prominent cervical alae start at the base of the lips and swing around toward the ventral surface (fig. 65). Male 2.786 to 4.47 mm. long and 140 to 170 yp thick in front of sucker. Head diameter about 65 yp. The esophagus, exclusive of the bulb, is about 355 to 515 ». long and 50 to 70 » thick. The bulb is 186 to 172 w long and 112 to 145 », thick. Nerve ring 130 » from head end in one specimen. The bursal membrane is very slightly developed. Most of the caudal papillae (fig. 66) are clustered about the cloacal aperture, a single pair holding an iso- lated position 85 to 112 » from the tip of the tail. The clo- acal aperture is about 235 uw from the end of the tail. Here is a line of 6 adanal papillae, two outer larger ones and two smaller ones just median of each of these. Just posterior of these papillae is ra . ° Vommt a pair in the /Zomm Fic. 66.—Hnreroxynema cucutz- Submedian posi- is bao LATUM. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY 4; 5 Fic. 67.—HETEROXYNEMA C tion, followed OF MALE. LATUM. ANAL SUCKER OF MALE. directly by an unpaired papilla in the median line. No preanal papillae have been observed, the total number of papillae present being 11. There are no spicules present. The sucker (fig. 67) has a delicate longitudinal and transverse sculpturing which gives the effect of fenestration. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 59 It is fusiform, 112 to 130 p, long and of variable width owing to con- traction and folding of the flexible edges. These cuticular mem- #ranes are on the lateral margins of the sucker, but are apparently lacking in the median line anteriorly and posteriorly. The posterior border of the sucker is about 515 to 600 » from the tip of the tail. Female 7.39 to 7.9 mm. long and 845 to 415 p thick in the region of the vulva. The posterior end of the body terminates in a blunt point. The esophagus, exclusive of the bulb, is about 430 to 535 pw long and 56 to 70 p thick. The bulb is 198 to 240 » long and 1380 to 185 p thick. Nerve ring 170 » from head in one specimen. The anus is about fiuildo 1.65 mm. from the tip of the tail. 3 The vulva is at the union of the anterior and middle thirds of the body, 1.8 to 3.265 mm. from the head. The vagina has its walls wound with a close spiral similar to "1G. SS HEtEnoxynema i ee that of Heterakis spumosa, and ex- POSITION OF VAGINA. X 92.5. Fic. 69.—HETEROXYNEMA CUCULLATUM. E@qGGs. x 340. * tends forward from the vulva toward the head and then turns back toward the tail (fig. 68). The posterior portion of the body is densely 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. filled with uterine convolutions distended with eggs. Apparently two uterine branches. The eggs (fig. 69) are of the same type as those of Oxyuris, elongated, flattened on one side and the ends terminatirty in rounded points. They are 98 to 100 » long and 35 p thick. Host.—Eutamias amoenus operarius. Location—Cecum and large intestine. Locality —San Acacio, Costilla County, Colorado. Type material—No. 16637, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal Industry helminthological collection). It seems probable that the males in the writer’s possession are sufficiently mature to have the spicules developed, as the eggs in the females show various segmentation stages. Genus ALLODAPA Diesing, 1861. Synonym.—Not Allodapa Brunn, 1878, orthopteron; Oxynema von Linstow, 1899. Generic diagnosis —Subulurinae (p. 51): Body reddish in color, thick, attenuated posteriorly, and with two lateral cervical alae. Mouth elongated dorso-ventrally and surrounded by six papillae. The buccal cavity with a thick chitinous lining in its anterior portion; at its base three small teeth, with a rounded free edge, limiting the entrance to the esophagus. The esophagus is club- shaped posteriorly, and there is a distinct esophageal bulb. The nerve ring surrounds the anterior portion of the esophagus and the ventral excretory pore is posterior of the nerve ring. The vulva is anterior of the middle of the body and is not prominent. The ovi- jector is directed anteriorly and is characterized by a very long sphincter, presenting at one point a globular secreting portion where the egg remains some time before oviposition. The male has straight caudal alae. There are two spicules, terminating in fine points, and a triangular gubernaculum. The sucker is some distance from the cloacal aperture, devoid of a chitinous ring and shows radiating muscular fibers. Ty pe-species.—Allodapa allodapa (Creplin, 1853) Seurat, 1914a. Seurat (1915e) states that the type of Oxynema, O. rectum, is identical with Adlodapa crassispiculum. ALLODAPA ELONGATA Seurat, 1914¢. Specific diagnosis —Allodapa (p. 60): Long, slender worms, with straight cervical alae which are finely striate transversely and do not extend posterior of the middle of the esophagus. Mouth sur- rounded with six papillae. The buccal cavity (fig. 70) divided into two parts, the anterior portion with a thick chitinous lining, the posterior portion with a separate thick chitinof& lining and with three cuneiform, sharp-pointed, slightly bent teeth. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 61 Male 20.5 mm. long. Esophagus very short, the total length, in- cluding the bulb, equal to one-fourteenth of the body length. The tail (fig. 71) is short; the distance from the cloacal aperture to the tip of the tail is 230 ». The sucker is feebly developed, elongated and without chitinous ring. The caudal alae are straight. There are 10 pairs of caudal papillae, of which 5 are pre- anal and 5 postanal. The most anterior pair of preanal is asymmetrically disposed in the region of the sucker; the second pair asymmetrically disposed in the region near the origin of the caudal alae; the third pair is asymmetrically disposed in the region of the gubernaculum; the fourth and fifth pairs are close together and slightly asymmetrical in the region just anterior of the cloacal aperture, the fifth pair support- ing the caudal alae. The first and second pairs of postanal papillae are sessile and are sym- metrically disposed; the third pair supports the caudal alae; the fourth pair is sessile and sym- metrical; the fifth pair is quite asymmetrical and supports the caudal alae. The caudal glands open on the ventral surface . between the third and fourth postanal papil- lae. The spic- ules are short and equal, 250 p long. The gub- ernaculum is ; Fie. 71.—ALLODAPA shaped hike an ELONGATA. POSTE- arrowhead and RIOR EXTREMITY OF . MALE}; VENTRAL VIEW. Fro. To—Auonars nrowcans, Tarte js 120 pw long. xtc ov caupat tLAND. A SEU- HEAD. X 120. AFTER SEURAT, 1914. Female 36 one eee 3 RAT, 1914. mm. long, with a maximum thickness of 650y. The esophagus is very short; its length, including the bulb, is one-seventeenth of the total length of the worm. The short tail (fig. 72) is conical and 915 p long; the caudal glands open in its posterior fourth. The inconspicuous vulva is anterior of the middle of the body and divides the body in the ratio of 5:8. The ovijector is directed posteriorly (?), the very elongated tube attain- ing a length of 8mm. The posterior uterus extends to the origin of the rectum and the anterior uterus extends within a millimeter of the 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. esophageal bulb, the ovaries being side by side in the prevulvar re- gion. Eggs numerous, containing an embryo when oviposited, and 70 to 77 p long by 63 to 65 p thick. Host.—Dipodillus campestris (Dipodilla campestris). Location.—Cecum. Locality Bou-Saada, Algeria. , In a previous paper Seurat (1914) has noted that Allodapa has the ovijector directed anteriorly. I have queried in the foregoing his statement that A. elongata has the ovijector directed posteriorly. SHURATINAE Fall, 1916, new subfamily. Subfamily diagnosis.— Heterakidae (p. 44): Transitional forms in which the male is without an anal sucker. Mouth with two lips. No esophageal bulb present. Male with short, equal, or subequal spicules, and with a gubernaculum. Vulva near middle of body. Uteri divergent. Type-genus.—Seuratum Hall, 1916. Fic. 72.—ALLODAPA ees SEURATUM Hall, 1916, new genus. RIOR EXTREMITY OF EE aoe Synonym.—O phiostomum Creplin, 1839, of Seu- OF CAUDAL GLAND. rat, 1915a. ose wes ey ei Generic diagnosis —Seuratinae (p. 62): Charac- ters of the subfamily. Ty pe-species.—Seuratum tacapense (Seurat, 1915a) Hall, 1916. This genus is named after Seurat, in recognition of his consider- able contributions to nematology, especially in regard to the structure and importance of the female genitalia. SEURATUM TACAPENSE (Seurat, 1915a@) Hall, 1916. Synonym.—O phiostomum tacapense Seurat, 1915a. Specific diagnosis.—Seuratum (p. 62): Slender worms, attenuate at both extremities, the posterior extremity terminating in a small mucronation. Cuticle with fine transverse striations at intervals of 10 », and with 64 longitudinal bands, very straight, dark, and pre- senting in the median line of each band a dentiform thickening of the transverse striations, the point of this dentiform structure being directed posteriorly (fig. 73). The straight lateral -lines are 60 p» wide. No lateral alae present. There are numerous long straight muscle cells. There are two not very prominent cervical papillae, situated about two-fifths of the length of the esophagus from its anterior extremity. The excretory pore is very small and opens no. 2181. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 63 in the mid-ventral line posterior of the nerve ring and a little anterior of the level of the cervical papillae (fig. 74). The mouth (fig. 75) is elongated dorso-ventrally and bounded by two lateral lips with a thick internal border; each lip bears two large papillae. The mouth opens into a very short buccal cavity with a thick lining. The esophagus is notably short; it is one-twentieth of the total length of the body of the female and one-twenty- / second of that of the male. The nerve ring is |. situated one-fifth of the length of the esophagus from the anterior extremity. There is no division into muscular and glandular portions. The posterior éxtrem- ity at the union with the intestine has a valvular structure. Male 18.5 to 22.5 mm. long and with a maximum — thickness of 480 p. The short, conical tail termi- nates in a_ small mucronation. The b. 73. 74. 75. Fias. 73-75.—SEURATUM TACAPENSE. 73, A FRAGMENT OF CUTICLE. MAGNIFIED. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. 74, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY OF BODY. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. 75, a, HEAD VIEWED FROM THE FRONT; 6, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL VIEW. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. distance from the cloacal aperture to the posterior extremity of the tail is 250 yp. There are two straight symmetrical bursal alae (fig. 75). From a distance anterior of the cloacal aperture the ventral region of the body is covered with about 20 longitudinal rows of cuticular shields which become confluent a short distance anterior of the cloacal aperture; the circumcloacal region and the bursal alae are entirely covered with these shields, with a resultant verrucous appearance; only the inferior lip of the cloacal aperture 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. forms a smooth semicircular area. The transverse striation termi- nates on the ventral surface 300 » anterior of the cloacal aperture. The cloacal aperture is bounded by a very distinct anterior border. There are four pairs of large sessile preanal papillae, the first pair being situated anterior of the origin of the bursal alae. There are six pairs of postanal papillae, of which the second and fifth pairs posterior of the cloacal aperture are pedunculated. The short spicules are equal or subequal, 140 » long, and slightly curved. They are only in contact at their distal extremities, forming a V inside the gubernaculum; the very small gubernaculum is triangular. Female 45 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 900 ». The cervical papillae are 600 » from the anterior extremity, and the excretory pore is 450 » from the anterior extremity. The short tail is 710 » long and terminates in a small mucronation. The vulva is hard to locate. It opens 2 mm. anterior of the middle of the body and is a transverse slit 45 » long, communicating with a short vagina, which is continued as a tubular ovijector which extends anteriorly and then turns and continues posteriorly. The uteri are divergent. The relatively large subspherical eggs are 52 by 42 m in diameter and contain an embryo when oviposited. Host.—Ctenodactylus gundi. Location.—Small intestine. Locality —Matmata, South Tunis. Seurat states that this species is very close to Ophiostomum mu- eronatum Rudolphi from the bat, differing in its larger size, the more posterior position of the vulva, and in the dimension of the eggs. He adds that this brings up the number of species in this genus to two, since the other nematodes described for this genus belong to other genera. Unfortunately, the type of the genus Ophi- ostomum Creplin, 1839, emendation of Ophiostoma Rudolphi, 1801, is also the type of the genus Cystidicola Fischer, 1798, thus eliminat- ing Ophiostomum entirely as a generic name. He states that it is related in some ways to those members of the Heterakidae with two lips and with Dichylene in the Acuariidae. The site of infestation, the small intestine, makes it entirely unlikely that this form should have a very close relationship with the Acuariidae, a family of the Filarioidea, as no members of the Filarioidea are known to be parasitic in the small intestine. On the other hand, the relationship to the Heterakidae is so marked that I have felt it necessary to include this form in that family in spite of the fact that there appears to be no anal sucker in the male. Its nearest generic aflinities are perhaps with Daenitis, which also lacks an esophageal bulb, has a mouth with two lips, and has the vulva in the middle of the body, two equal spicules and a gubernaculum in the male, but differs in the possession of a sucker, though the sucker, NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 65 it should be noted, is one without a chitinous margin, and therefore of relatively weak development. Family OXYURIDAE Cobbold, 1864. Family diagnosis—Ascaroidea (p. 89): Meromyarian. Mouth with simple, usually inconspicuous lips. Male usually with one spicule, at times reduced, imperfectly chitinized or absent. Caudal extremity of female much elongated and subulate. Vulva anterior. Eggs characteristically flattened on one side. Type-genus.—Oxyuris Rudolphi, 1803. Seurat (19156) states that the Oxyuridae, although considered by most authors as belonging with the Ascaridae, are very distinct and should be considered as a special group having the same origin as the Heterakidae, but having evolved independent of the latter. The Ascaridae, on the contrary, he would consider as the extreme type of one ramification of what he calls the phylum Heterakidae. OXYURINAH Hall, 1916, new subfamily. Subfamily diagnosis —Oxyuridae (p. 65): Males with one spicule, at times lacking or imperfectly chitinized. Type-genus.—Oxyuris Rudolphi, 1803. ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF OXYURINAE. 1. Males with a longitudinal row of transverse comblike cuticular structures onetherventral surfaces. 4.2 2 en ee Dermatocys, p. 99. Males without such structure_______________ Oxryuris, p. 65. Genus OXYURIS Rudolphi, 1808. Synonyms.—Oxyurus Lamarck, 1816; Lepturis Schlotthauber, 1860; Dermatoxys Schneider, 1866; Oxviurus Sonsino, 1878; Ovyurus Rudolphi, 1803, of Brumpt, 1910; Syphacta Seurat, 1916; /usarella Seurat, 1916. Generic diagnosis—Oxyurinae (p. 65): Mouth naked or sur- rounded by slightly salient lips. Esophagus long, followed by a bulb, usually quite distinct. Males small and of relatively rare occur- rence; provided with one spicule, which may be imperfectly chitin- ized or not developed. One or more pairs of papillae in the vicinity of the cloacal aperture. Females have the caudal extremity greatly elongated and subulate. There are two ovaries. The vulva is located in the anterior portion of the body as a rule. The eggs are elon- gated, thin shelled, asymmetrical, flattened on one side and ending in rounded points. Embryo may or may not be formed at oviposi- tion: In O. vivipara some females are oviparous and some viviparous. Ty pe-species—Oxyuris equi (Schrank, 1788) Blanchard, 1849. 10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——5 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. The genus Oxyuris includes about 100 species, but a study of over a dozen species shows the general characteristics quite constant and the variable features not readily capable of a group arrangement. bo ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF OXYURIS. Females. . Description inadequate; in Procavia syriaca (Hyraz syriacus). Oxyuris pugio, p. 83. Description recognizable =22 5" 4 Se eee eee 2. . Vagina normally everted externally through vulva__-_-_-__-__---______ 15. Varina not. normally; prolapseds= sss sai Sse ee eee eee S: . Over 2 em. long, the tail approximately equal to the rest of body. Oxryuris obesa, p. 80. Less than 2 em. long, or if more, tail not approximately equal to rest of DOC a a re reas ee 4 4. Mouth with six hooklike lips bent outward__________ Oxyuris hamata, p. T9 Mouth not’ provided with hooklikelips! 322423) ee ae 5. 5. Tail ornamented with 35 to 48 prominent cuticular annuli. Oxyuris ambigua, p. 68. Tail not vornamented:, wath: cuticular annuliz= = ee 6. 6. Head strongly inflated; cervical alae terminate posteriorly in recurved MAT OINS a2 oe a De ee a ee ee Oxryuris tetraptera, p. 86. Head not strongly inflated? 225 iss) see Bee ee eee Ts 7. Posterior half of esophagus conspicuously pigmented brown. Oxryuris polyoon, p. 98. Posterior half of esophagus not differentially pigmented________________ 8. SEL OVE ORT. fo) OT ee ee a ee ee Oxryuris flagellum, p. T7 bess than: 20 "mim: lone! Ss ik ees She Ses as 9. QE OV Er US Hays NOTA ee AN al ha ld Bn Oxryuris sciuri, p. 84. ess’ thant 45 mm: long 2222 9.40 ots ea ee ee ee ee ee 10. 1OOverOumm don gees ee es eee Oxryuris stossichi, p. 84. Less thangaQO;mmy Tonge s eae ete ee ee 11. dit 2OversSumni= longest ae eee eee Oxryuris acutissima, p. 67. Less: than ‘8mm, long=_* = 22222 - Le Se ee eee 12. 12° Cervical valac present... = 5s she eee eee Oryuris ungula, p. 94. Cervical ‘alae absent ‘or inconspicuous.) eee ils} 13. Mouth with four double and two single papillae_______ Oxryuris stroma, p. 85. Mouth ‘withusingle papillae=: 0) =. Aue eee eee 14. 14. Vulva transversely elongate and followed posteriorly by bulla. Oxyuris triradiata, p. 90. Vulva on a more or less prominent cone, not followed by bulla. Oxyuris obvelata, p. 81. 15. Not over 3 mm. long; lateral alae in median region of body. Oxyuris pallaryi, p. 95. More than 5 mm. long; no lateral alae in median region of body______~~ 16. 164 Maximum: Jlengthatl8 mmo 2. eee ee Oxryuris evoluta, p. T0. Maximumivlengthy 1250 mae a 2 seeeeee mre ae ree ee Oxryuris hilgerti, p. 74. Males. 1. Males unknown__Ovyuris acutissima (p. 67), O. flagellum (p. 77), O. hamata (p. 79), O. obesa (p. 80), O. sciuri (p. 84), O. pugio (p. 83). Males: Imown: 22282588 ee ee ee ee eee wee: NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 67 2. Not over 2 mm. long; tail with preanal bulla and 38 large preanal cuticular OLS COTS ee re ee ee ee ee Se Oxryuris stroma, p. 85. Not over 2 mm. long and with only 2 preanal cuticular bosses; or more than 2 mm. long and no preanal bulla or bolsters present__--_-_-----_-__~_ a 8. Not over 2 mm. long and with 2 preanal cuticular bosses. Oxryuris pallaryi, p. 95. More than 2 mm. long and no preanal bosses present __-_-----_______~_ 4, 4. Tail hoof-shaped in lateral view and with two cuticular projections on each S10 Ci eas Sate te o-oo Oxryuris ungula, p. 94. ARIE OTNOOL- Shaped es =e —— eee i ee ee be 5. Prominent bursa supported by a large dorsal and 2 large lateral rays. Oxryuris triradiata, p. 99. INORS ICH a UNS An COI al O Mites a A ee ae a ee 6. 6. Posterior half of esophagus conspicuously pigmented brown. Oxryuris polyoon, p. 98. Posterior half of esophagus not differentially pigmented________________ he 7. No lateral alae other than small cuticular ridges on each side of lateral INT Seen ee ees ee See ke Be en bE st Oxryuris ambigua, p. 68. Lateral alae present in cervical region___________________________.__-- 8. 8. Prominent conical raylike postanal papillae__________ Oxyuris evoluta, p. T0. Rostanal papillae not raylike.._-_--___22++ =) 2 9. ho) Hrom 5 to 8 mm, Jong---.==.-__--.-=.--2=2.-+,--_ Oxryuris stossichi, p. 84. INOteover G:2-mm lone. 2 ee ae 10. 105 rom 3:o to:G6-2 mm. longi. 2 2-2 ee Oxryuris hilgerti, p. TA. INOTOVEerso MI WON Ses) on eee a ee Oe te 11. Head strongly inflated; cervical alae terminating posteriorly in recurved EN cits Out Seo eee eee ee eee eee ene eee nS ee Ozyuris tetraptera, p. 86. 12. Head not strongly inflated ; no cervical alae present__Oxryuris obvelata, p. 81. OXYURIS ACUTISSIMA (Zeder, 1800) Hail, 1916. Synonyms.—Fusaria acutissima Zeder, 1800; Ascaris acutissima (Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809. Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Body thinned at both ends, the anterior end thicker. Head pointed, with three lips. Two lateral alae extending to the caudal extremity. Esophagus at first narrow, then considerably dilated, and separated by a constriction from the much dilated origin of the intestine. Male unknown. Female 8.4mm. long. Tail almost trihedral, subulate, diaphanous, and comprising almost a third of the entire length of the worm. The vulva has prominent lips and is situated at the thickest part of the body. Host.—Sciurus vulgaris. Location.—Cecum. Locality —Vienna, Austria. Dujardin (1845) states that he has not been able to find this parasite, but from the description of Zeder, the only one who has seen the worm, he judges it be an Oxyuris. There appears to be little question but that this should be transferred to the genus Oxyuris, 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. OXYURIS AMBIGUA Rudolphi, 1819. Synonyms—Oxyurus ambigua (Rudolphi, 1819) Bellingham, 1844; Passalurus ambiguus (Rudolphi, 1819), Dujardin, 1845. Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): The usual Oxvyuris shape, that of a spindle greatly prolonged and attenuated posteriorly. The mouth is simple and is surrounded by four symmetrically arranged papillae. The pharynx is armed with a tripartite, chitinized dental structure. The esophagus is club-shaped, in- creasing in size posteriorly, and is separated from the spherical esophageal bulb by a deep constriction. The bulb contains.a chitinized ap- paratus for the comminution of food. The esophageal bulb is separated from the anterior portion of the intestine by a deep constriction. The intestine is a straight thin-walled tube of almost uniform diameter, which is separated from the rectum by a pronounced constriction., The rectum is piriform and short in young specimens; it is elongated in older ones. In- ternally it presents a division into an anterior and posterior portion. There are a number of conspicuous cell structures, possibly glandular in nature, in connection with the rectum. There are no lateral alae, but there are sharp cuticular ridges on each side of each lateral line which show as distinct parallel lines on each side of the body. There is a prominent transverse striation. Male 4.3 to 5 mm. long (von Linstow (1899) Fig. 76.—Oxyuris AM- says 2.9 mm.) and 240 to 275 p thick. Head eee diameter, 55 to60p. Esophagus, exclusive of the Entarcen. Arter bulb, 3870 to 412 » long and with a maximum NAcc es thickness of 60 to 70 p. Esophageal bulb almost spherical, 120 to 130 p long by 112 to 125 py thick. The nerve ring is 150 to 175 ». from the head end. The distance from the cloacal aper- ture to the posterior end of the body is 370 to 410 y. There is a bur- sal membrane. There are five papillae in relation with the cloacal aperture (fig. 76). One pair of these, commonly regarded as pre- anal, is practically adanal. Another pair is postanal and very close to the cloacal aperture. The other papilla, unpaired, is directly be- hind the cloacal aperture. Another pair of papillae is located 130 to 150 p. posterior of the cloacal aperture at the point where the body of the worm suddenly narrows to form the long, thin tail, which is 225 to 260 p long (fig. 77). The spicule is 90 to 120 » long, simple in No. 2181. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 69 shape, the first half of almost uniform diameter, with a gradual taper posteriorly and slightly curved. Female 9 to 11 mm. long (von Linstow’s measurements of 6.4 mm. must be regarded as those of rather small specimens) and attaining a maximum diameter behind the vulva of 515 to 590 ». Head diameter, 50 to 70 p. The posterior end of the body has a quite distinctive structure. Posterior of the anus is a long tail (fig. 78) which, with the exception of a thin terminal portion, shows in optical section, first the cuticle, externally, then the cellular walls of the prolonged body cavity, and finally the clear area indi- cative of the cavity itself, thus forming five parallel bands. For over half the length of this tail the proximal portion shows only a very fine transverse striation. The remaining distal portion shows a number of definite annular structures, usually 35 to 48 in number, formed by the annu- lar splitting of the cuticle, the part be- tween the separated surfaces of cuticle containing a granu- lar content (fig. 79). The proximal three or four of these an- nuli show an in- creasing size, the first being at times barely indicated, then there are a variable num- Fig. 77.—OXYuURIS é : AMBIGUA. POSTE- ber of uniform s1zZe RIOREXTREMITYOF nd finally a long MALE, VIEWED FROM THE sIpE, S@€Yrles O f annuli Fic. 78.—OXYURIS AMBIGUA. Pos- ENLARGED, AFTER gradually diminish- TERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. SCHNEIDER, 1866. ENLARGED. ing in size. The granular content gives the gross effect of dark bands and the micro- scopic effect of cuticular areolar markings. At the posterior end of this part of the tail there is a constant nucleus in the median field. The esophagus, exclusive of the esophageal bulb, is 495 to 535 p long and 68 to 80 » thick. The esophageal bulb is almost constantly spherical with a fairly uniform diameter in mature females of about 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 155 p. The nerve ring is 190 to 215 » behind the anterior end of the body. From the anus to the end of the tail is 2.34 to 4.51 mm., of Fie. 79.—OXYURIS AMBIGUA. A PORTION OF THE POSTERI- OR EXTREMITY OF THE FE- MALE, which the thin, solid terminal portion is 190 to 210 py. The vulva is 1.54 to 1.89 mm. from the anterior end. The vagina extends far posteriorly and then branches, sending two uteri forward. Eggs of typical Oxyuris shape, flattened on one side, 95 to 103 p long by 43 yp thick in utero. (Von Linstow’s measurements of 130 by 53 p are probably for the eggs as oviposited.) Hosts—Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus), Lepus europaeus (Lepus tim- idus), Lepus arcticus (Lepus glacialis), Lepus species, Sylvilagus floridanus mal- lurus. Location—Cecum and large intestine. (Von Linstow (1899) lists it from “ Cav. abdom.”’) Localities —Germany, Austria, United States (Washington, District of Columbia; Bethesda, Maryland; Nebraska; Detroit, Michigan). 2". Life history—Probably direct and sim- ple. Eggs oviposited in morula stage. Schneider (1866) states that this species has a lateral membrane broadened on its free edge to form a T-shaped cross section. T am unable to verify this. So far as I can determine the only lateral membrane is that indicated by the cuticular ridges bounding the lateral lines.- These might suggest a T-shaped cross section on focusing. Dujardin (1845) makes this species type and only species of the genus Passalurus. The genus is apparently based on the mouth armature. I have retained it in Owvyuris on its general conformity. See Addendum, page 224. OXYURIS EVOLUTA von Linstow, 1899. Synonym.—Oxyuris evaginata Smith, 1908. Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Body of typical Oxyuris shape, the female showing the prolonged posterior extremity. There are three large broad lips (fig. 80) and between them three other intermediate lip structures projecting nearer to the median longitu- dinal axis. Posterior and median of these and forming an anterior No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 71 pharyngeal border is an incised cuticular plate with markings defi- nitely related to the above-mentioned lips. There is a club-shaped esophagus which gradually increases in size posteriorly and finally terminates in a subspherical bulb which is separated by a deep con- striction from the preceding por- tion of the esophagus. This bulb is supplied witha tripartite, chitin- ized dental apparatus. The intes- tine has at least one anterior and one posterior local dilatation, and finally terminates in a large ovoid dilatation, probably having the function of a colon, followed by a short narrow tube to the anus. There are two cervical alae, ex- tending back less than half the ‘—omm length of the esophagus. There is Sar Fic. 80.—OXYURIS EVOLUTA. MOUTH VIEWED a fine transverse striation, often FROM THE FRONT. SLIGHTLY FLATTENED UN- obscure, and the usual fine longi- — P®® PRESSURE. tudinally oblique striation due te the musculature. The nerve ring is far forward on the esophagus, unusually close to the head. The excretory canals unite just behind the esophageal bulb and the ex- cretory pore opens just anterior of the vulva. Male 4.6 to 6.53 mm. long, with a maximum thick- ness of about 350 yp. Head diameter is from 45 to 75 p, but the contour of the head in this genus Ss is such that there is er Qe” no distinct place,as Yr" a rule, at which to Fig. 81.—Oxyuris Evotura. Posrerror Extremity or Mate, EN- take this measure- LARGED. ment. The length of the esophagus, exclusive of the bulb, is 500 to 660 » and its thick- ness is 70 to 105 p. ~The bulb is subspherical, 145 to 175 pw long by 135 to 170 » thick. The nerve ring is 85 to 105 » behind the anterior end of the body. The bursa is only slightly developed, but there is one pair of postanal papillae which are highly developed in the form of elon- gate conical rays and show a close homology with similar rays in 0. triradiata which function as supporters of a well-developed bursal a AU gun NRA ite PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. membrane. There is also a pair of well-developed conical adanal pa- -pillae. The tightly coiled posterior extremity of the male (fig. 81) in this species makes any study of the bursa quite difficult. Associated with this coiling habit is the presentation on the ventral surface, the inner side of the coil, of several series of short parallel longitudinal lines, commonly present, but apparently of a transient nature. The spicule is slightly curved and difficult to measure, owing to the grad- ual failure to complete chitinization in the proximal portion. Its ap- parent range in length is from 85 to 175 py. The accessory piece is flask-shaped and is 30 to 40 » long. The bursal membrane extends from the adanal papillae to the postanal, swinging in toward the body, and then forms a small membrane between the postanal papil- lae and the thin terminal portion of the body. The distance from the cloacal aperture to the posterior extremity of the body is 110 to 230 yp, of which the terminal portion posterior of the postanal papil- Jae makes up 75 to 135 y. and the distance from the cloacal aperture to the postanal papillae makes up 85 to 100 yp. Female 9 to 18 mm. long, with a maximum thickness slightly ex- ceeding 1 mm. The body terminates in the prolongation usual in the female Owyuwris, and in favorable specimens this portion shows markings somewhat similar to those of Owyuris ambigua. However, they are arranged in spirals and not in closed circles or annulations, the number of turns being 18 to 24 in adults and fewer in young specimens. The last spiral straightens out and extends on as a straight line to the end of the body. ‘The spirals appear to involve the subeuticular epithelial structures primarily, and only involve the cuticle in that it is apparently grooved on its inner surface to receive this spiral. The head varies in diameter from 100 to 190 p, due partly to the difficulty of finding a definite position at which to measure. The esophagus, exclusive of the esophageal bulb, measures 895 » to 1.065 mm. long by 170 to 185 » thick in mature specimens, and the subspherical bulb measures 225 to 275 pw long by 290 to 345 p thick. The nerve ring is far forward on the esophagus, 95 to 155 p from the anterior end of the body. The excretory pore opens just anterior of the vulva in the ventral line. The anus is a circular aper- ture 1.72 to 2.58 mm. from the tip of the tail in mature specimens. For a short distance back from the tail there are no distinctive features. The middle portion of the tail shows the spiral markings already mentioned, while the posterior portion of the tail terminates in a thin prolongation devoid of markings. The position of the vulva and vagina is distinctive of this and the following species (fig. 82). The distal portion of the vagina extends through a cutic- ular tube which projects out from the body of the worm, and the vulva is located on the distal extremity of this tube. The vagina is suspended in the tube by two mesenteries which extend along the NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 13 sides of the tube and which are apparently developed from the ven- tral line of the worm but not in the dorso-ventral line of the worm as might be expected. The vulva, moreover, is located transversely and not longitudinally. This vulva is formed by a deep slit in the end of the tube, the slit forming two prominent lips. The origin of the tube is be- tween a third and a fourth of the length of the worm from the head, or 4 to 5 mm. in mature - specimens. The inclosing vaginal tube attains a maximum length of about 1.9 mm. and a maximum thickness of 225 wp. The vagina en- ters this tube as a thick- walled structure, but be- fore attaining the distal end the walls thin to a membrane of epithelial nature. Shortly after its entrance into the body cavity proper (fig. 83), the posteriorly di- rected vagina transforms into a much dilated sac, apparently the recepta- culum seminis, oval in form, the constricted posterior termination connecting by a_ short uterine tube with the long uterus. Near the anal region the uterus terminates and divides to .form the oviducts which extend forward along the sides of the uterus and transform anteriorly into the looped ovaries. The eggs are of the typical Oxyuris shape, flattened on one side and measure in utero 55 to 65 p. long by about 25 p. thick. Fic. 82.—OXYURIS EVOLUTA. FEMALE. AFTER SMITH, 1908. 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Hosts—Acanthion brachyura (Hystrix brachyura), Erethizon dorsatum, E'rethizon epixanthum. Location.—Cecum and small intestine. Localities —Berlin (Zoological Collection) ; United States (Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania (Zoological Garden); Washington, District of Columbia (Zoological Park); Wis- consin). | This species was first described by von Linstow (1899) and has since been noted only by Smith (1908). Both of these writers had only nongravid females which had attained only about half of the adult size. This accounts for the fact that the measurements given here are in excess of those given by von Linstow and by Smith. The writer is fortunate in having an abun- dance of material collected in 1896 by Dr. Albert Hassall from Lrethizon epixanthum, together with some more material, in very bad shape, however, sent in from Frethizon dorsatum in Wisconsin in 1898. The material first noted contains numerous males. For a similar species see the next species, Oxyuris hilgerti. OXYURIS HILGERTI Seurat, 1914d. Specific diagnosis.—Oxyuris (p. 65) : Cuticle transversely striated at 14 p intervals. No lateral alae. Muscle cells diamond-shaped and 800 yp long. Mouth with three lips (fig. 84), each provided with one papilla. Buccal Fic. 83--Oxyuris Eyotuta. Fe. cavity very short.,.., Hsaphageal bulb MALE GENITALIA, AFTER SMITH, with denticular apparatus. Intestine 1908. ° oes larger at its origin than the bulb. Two prominent rectal glands. Nerve ring one-eighth of esophagus length from anterior extremity. Small excretory pore opens posterior of the esophageal bulb in the middle of a long clear area. Copulation occurs at an early stage while the males and females are nearly the same size, the females subsequently becoming mature and much larger than the males. Male 3.8 to 6.2 mm. long and very slender. Posterior extremity commonly rolled in a spiral of two turns. Length of esophagus is No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 75 one-seventh of total body length. Tail (fig. 85) terminates in a dorsal point 200 » long. There are two narrow bursal alae. There are three pairs of caudal papillae, one pair preanal and two postanal ; the second pair of postanal papillae is pedunculated and sustains the bursal alae. The caudal glands appar- ently open between the two pairs of post- anal papillae. The spicule is 300 p long and is slightly enlarged at its free extrem- ity. The gubernaculum is 70 p long. Female attains a maximum length of about 12.7 mm. and a thickness of about 600 p. Tail long and narrow, one-fourth as long as the body (fig. 86). Esopha- gus one-sixth to one-twelfth of body length. Ovaries 5 mm. long, slightly looped, blackish from reserve granules. Vagina is everted to the exterior to a dis- tance of 125 py or more (fig. 87). In larvae in the fourth stage, 2.7 mm. long, and in some small and immature females, 7.2 to 9 mm. long, the vulva, which is about one-third of the length of the worm from the anterior extremity, presents a prominent anterior lip and opens into a vagina lined with a thick cuticle; at the ther end of the vagina is the ovijector. No spermatozoa are found in the receptaculum seminis. Im- mediately after the fourth molt, and long before Fig. 84.—OXYURIS HILGERTI. sexual ey ANTERIOR EXTREMITY, Lat- 15S attained, the ERAL VIEW. Cc, CEPHALIC famale. then GLAND. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. z [It is not clear from Seurat’s fig- usually aboutthe ine, s5—oxvuris mcERT. Pos- ures whetherthisscalebelongs Same size as the TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VEN- with this figure or not.] male, ®-¢6: 5) mn. TRAL VIEW. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. long, is fertilized. Immediately after, the eversion of the vagina occurs, thereby automatically preventing further attempts at fer- tilization. Young females when fertilized show little development “rioo! ‘tloos 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vo. 50. of the genital glands; the ovaries and oviducts are represented by a narrow strand 1.4 mm. long, translucid and without reserve granules. 5 mm. Fig. 86.—OXYURIS HIL- GERTI. FEMALE. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. The two receptacula seminis are 150 p long and 65 p. thick and are distended with spermatozoa. The two parallel uteri are 600 p long and are empty. The musculo-epithelial first portion of the ovijector is 1 mm. long and unites the uterus and a vestibule with a thick internal cuticular lining; this portion of the ovijector and the vestibule have a remarkably large development of the external muscular layer. The vagina is prolapsed to a distance of 125 py. The ovijector extends along the everted vagina to its distal ex- tremity. In an exceptional female the vagina is not everted; it has the form of a truncated cone and the ovijector opens into it on the summit of a rounded nipple (fig. 88). When the female has attained its final size, the ovaries are completely developed but there are no eggs in the uterus. The fertilized eggs gradually make their way to the uteri; the latter elongate considerably, and in the female which is completely mature they are cistended with eggs disposed in four or five rows and occupying almost all of the body cavity posterior of the esophageal bulb to the anal re- gion. The eggs (fig. 89) are thick shelled, flat- tened on one side, 75 to 80 » long and 20 to 30 p. thick, and are oviposited in the morula stage. TTost.—Ctenodactylus gundi. Location.—Cecum. Locality—Bou Saada, Algeria. Seurat calls the phenomenon of precocious copulation between a mature male and an in- mature female “progamie,” and notes that this progamy is rather common among nematodes. He notes it as occurring in species of 7'ropidocerca, which have enormous seminal receptacles; in Dispharagus invaginatus Linstow, where after copulation the vulvar region invaginates to the interior of a cylinder formed by a cuticular fold, which prevents fur- ther union; and notes as a most curious example M/aupasina weissi Seurat, in which, after copulation, the young female secretes a very prominent blackish cuticular ring which seals the vulva. In this NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. TT latter connection it may be noted that the cement glands in the tails of Strongylus give rise to prominent vulvar plugs. 87. 88. Figs. 87, 88.—OXYURIS HILGERTI. 87, GENITALIA OF IMMATURE FEMALE. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. a, OVARY; 7, RECEPTACULUM SEMINALIS; 1, MUSCULO-EPITHELIAL OVIJECTOR; U, UTERUS; v, VAGINA. 88, EXCEPTIONAL ARRANGEMENT OF TERMINAL GENITALIA IN FEMALE, AFTER SEURAT, 1915. Seurat (1915d) extended his original description of this species in a later paper. It might be noted in passing that the name of the parasite is marked “n. sp.” in both cases, a not uncommon thing but nevertheless one which is very misleading and a thing which writers should guard against in the interests of accuracy. OXYURIS FLAGELLUM Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828. Synonym.—Oxyuris flabellum Ehrb. Fic, 89—OXYURIS HILGERM. : EGG, AFTER SEURAT, 1915. of Nassonov, 1898 (reviewer’s error). Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): Mouth without papillae, its aperture almost hexagonal, formed by six bilaterally symmetrical scallops. The tail equals a third or more of the body length. The 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Fie. 90.—Oxyuris FLAGELLUM. FE- MALE GENITALIA. ENLARGED. AFTER NASSO- Noy, 1897. cylindrical esophagus is followed by a bulb ap- proximately as long as the esophagus and contain- ing a triangular tooth apparatus. The excretory canals begin at the level of the esophagus in a large, strongly granular cell containing a vacuole. The cuticle has a fine transverse striation which disappears behind the anus. Male unknown. Female 25 mm. long. Esophagus, including esophageal bulb, 700 yp. long. Originating in a large cell at the level of the middle of the esopha- gus, the excretory vessels extend through the lateral fields, which consist of two lateral cells and one median projecting cell perforated by the vessel. Just in front of the vulva the anterior and posterior half of each canal unite to form a reservoir which opens externally through a fine aperture. The cylindrical intestine les mostly along. the right lateral line and is compressed posteriorly. It terminates in a short rectum having a quadrangular cross section. The rectum is joined to the body wall by four membranes and shows large rectal cells on its anterior boundary. The anus is 7 mm. from the end of the tail. The ovaries (fig. 90) originate in the anterior portion of the body and increase in diameter with egg production. At their transition into the oviducts they narrow abruptly. Just in front of the anus, the oviducts enter the large uterus, which passes to the anterior portion of the body and turns back as the vagina, which is short and surrounded by circular muscles. The muscles are not present at the vulva, which is a broad cleft with swollen edges situated 4 mm. from the head (fig. 91). The eggs are apparently -of typical Oxyuris form, flattened on one side. THost.—Procavia syriaca (Ilyrax syriacus). Location.—Cecum. Locality—Near Mount Sinai, Palestine. Hemprich and Ehrenberg describe two varieties of this species as follows: 1. Variety obtusa; yel- lowish, the curved tail more than a third of the body length, neither pointed nor alate. 2. Variety acuta; white, the straight tail not exceeding a third of the body length, pointed but not alate. It seems possible that these writers were dealing with two No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 79 species, in which case it would be difficult to say to which of these the name O. flagellum should be applied. Schneider (1866), who rede- Fic. 91.—OXYURIS FLAGEL- LUM. FEMALE. ENLARG- ED. AFTER NASSONOV, 1897. shaped lamellae. The scribed this species, does not comment on this point, and I find no note on it in the reviews of Nassonov’s (1897) Russian article. Nassonov has made a _ histological and minute study of this species, some of his findings being as follows: The mouth is not papillate, as stated by Hemprich and Ehren- berg, and its lumen is hexagonal instead of triangular, as stated by Schneider (1866). Histologically, the cuticle is found to consist of two layers, which are quite independent except in the lateral lines, where they unite. In some places, especially near the genital aperture, these layers are remote from one another, the outer cuticular sheet bowing out near the vulva, the space between such separations being filled with a homogenous, colorable substance. The matrix, or sub- cutaneous sheet, consists of a layer of rela- tively large cells, which are compressed to the side, toward the middle and lateral fields, in the muscular fields where the muscle fibers attach directly to the cuticle. The number of matrix cells in a cross section varies according to the body region—in the tail end there are 6, in the posterior region of the body there are 8, and in the middle and anterior region there are 16. OXYURIS HAMATA von Linstow, 1879). Specific diagnosis.— Oxyuris (p. 65): Cuti- cle transversely annu- lated. Mouth with six Gis xt tee conical lips (fig. 92), TREMITY OF FEMALE. which turn outward to oes bg form blunt hook- | eh pharynx apparently communicates through Fic, 92.—OXYURIS HAM- a constricted aperture with a dilated portion of the esophageal 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. lumen, in which is a complex apparatus apparently for masticatory purposes. The esophagus is very long, 1/3.8 of the total body length, and terminates in an esophageal bulb provided with valvular teeth. Male unknown. Female 5.6 mm. long and 2 mm. thick [sic!]. The long pointed tail is one-fourth of the body length. Host.—M yocastor coypus (Myopotamus coypus). Location.—Intestine. Locality —Stuttgart Zoological Gardens. Von Linstow states that this species can not be confused with any known species. It is unfortunate that he does not give an interpreta- tion of the buccal and esophageal structures, as these things can seldom be evaluated as well from drawings as from the specimens themselves. Von Linstow states that the female is 2 mm. thick, but it seems likely that this should have been 200 » thick if the length, 5.5 mm., is correctly stated. - OXYURIS OBESA Diesing, 1851. Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Head with six papillae anteriorly (fig. 98), the submedian papillae with a knob on the tip. The mouth aperture is cir- cular and posterior of the aperture, and inside the buc- cal capsule are six cuticular folds with curved margins. The cuticle of the head is not inflated. The esophagus terminates posteriorly in an esophageal bulb bearing a tooth apparatus. Male unknown. Female attains a maximum length of 2.8 to 3 cm. long. The posterior extremity is straight, subulate, and almost as long as the remainder of Fig. 93.—OXYURIS OBESA. @, HEAD VIEWED FROM the body (fig. 94). The anus THE FRONT; b, CROSS SECTION OF ESOPHAGUS; Cc, 1s about 1.6 cm. from the end CROSS SECTION OF ESOPHAGUS POSTERIOR OF b; d, : 8. : Oe CROSS SECTION OF ESOPHAGUS POSTERIOR OF c. EN- of the tail. The V uly a 1s LARGED; b, c, AND d X 93. AFTER SCHNEIDER, about 8 mm. from the an- 1866. * terior end. The eggs are ‘thick shelled, elliptical, and without depression. Females 7 mm. long have the sex organs developed and apparently are fertilized, since the vulva bears a brown plug. This plug is not present in older specimens, No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 81 Host.—Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Hydrochoerus capybara). Location.—Cecum. Locality — Brazil. Schneider’s (1866) statement that the eggs are without depression may be taken to mean that they are symmetri- cal instead of flattened in the usual fashion of Oryuris eggs. It is possible that this is the case or that the eggs seen by him were not yet in a final state of development or were seen in an unfavorable aspect. OXYURIS OBVELATA (Rudolphi, 1802) Dujardin, 1845. Synonyms.—Ascaris vermicularis %. muris Froelich, 1791; Ascaris obvelata Rudolphi, 1802; Fusaria obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802) Zeder, 1803; Ascaris oxyura Nitzsch, 1821; Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802) Seurat, 1916. Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Body elongate fusiform. Cuticle transversely striate and not dilated in the head region. Three broad lips, each bearing a median papilla on its outer face. Mouth cavity simple. The club-shaped esophagus terminates in a subspherical bulb. The rectum is elongate and communicates with the in- testine by a valve. Two small cervical alae. The ex- cretory pore les a little posterior of the esophageal bulb. Male 1.6 mm. long by 115 » thick. The posterior ex- tremity is coiled in a spiral. The spicule (fig. 95) is simple, slightly curved, and is 85 p long and 7 p. thick at the base. The small accessory piece, situated transversely posterior of the spicule, is shaped like a ploughshare and is 87 p long. The cloacal aperture is 210 » from the very narrow posterior end of the body. There are two pairs of preanal and one of postanal papillae. The posterior lip of the cloacal aperture has a small chitinous hook that may be of use in copulation. Female 3.5 to 5.7 mm. long by 115 to 215 p thick. The body terminates in a long, narrow tip posteriorly (fig. 96). The esophagus, exclusive of the bulb, is 255 to 830 p long by 50 to 70 » thick. The subglobular esopha- FIG. 94.—Oxy- URIS OBESA. FEMALE, X 3. AFTER DIESING, 1857. geal bulb is 85 to 100 » long and 75 to 110 » thick. The nerve ring is 100 to 130 » from the anterior end. The excretory pore is about 480 » from the anterior end. The anus is 515 to 705 p from the tip of the tail. The vulva is very prominent and situated on a conical cuticular prominence 540 to 740 » posterior of the head. The vagina extends posteriorly from the vulva and is an elongate structure about 170 » long. Uterine branches do not extend pos- 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——6 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. 50. terior of the anus. The eggs are 110 to 142 » long by 30 to 40 p thick. The embryo is not formed at the time of oviposition. Hosts —Mus musculus, Mus musculus albus, Micromys minutus (Mus minutus), Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus), EE pimys rat- tus (Mus rattus), Epimys ugan- dae (Mus ugandae), Mus muscu- loides, Microtus arvalis (Arvi- cola campestris, Lemmus ar- valis, Arvicola arvalis), Evo- tomys glareolus (Arvicola glareolus, Arvicola rubidus), Pitymys subterraneus (Arvicola subterraneus), Arvicola amphib- Fig. 95.—OXYURIS OBVELATA. POSTERIOR EX- ° eye TREMITY OF MALE. ENLARGED. AFTER von CUS (Lemmus amphibius) , Evo- Linstow, 1879. tomys rutilis (Lemmus rutilis), Onychomys leucogaster (Hesperomys leucogaster) , Holochilus physo- des (Hesperomys physodes), Peromyscus nasutus (Hesperomys nasu- tus), Oxymycterus nasutus, Citellus citellus (Spermophilus citellus, Arctomys citellus), Holochilus brasiliensis (Holochilomys brasilien- sis), Mus minutoides (Leggada minutoides), Neotoma mexicana fallax, Arvicanthis barbarus. wy . aT Fia. 96.—OXYURIS OBVELATA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, SHOWING FUNGUS GROWTH. EN- LARGED. AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1884. Location —Cecum and large intestine. Localities —Cosmopolitan: France (Rennes), Germany (Greifs- wald), Austria (Vienna), Australia (Brisbane), Africa (Fort Portal, Kitagueta), United States (Washington, District of Columbia; Bowie, Maryland; Colorado Springs and San Acacia, Colorado). For the most part this species has been considerably confused with Oxyuris tetraptera. In his original description Rudolphi has con- fused the two forms. This is not surprising, in that the two occur in the same location in the same hosts and are much the same in NO. 2131. NHMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL, 83 general appearance. They are, however, readily distinguished, and the presence of the two species has been recognized for almost a century. Since Rudolphi has confused two species under a single name it is necessary to restrict the name used by him to one of these species. I have accordingly left as Ovyuris obvelata the form which is evidently not covered by Oxvyuris tetraptera. The maximum length, 5.7 mm., given for the female by Dujardin (1845) is in excess of that I have found, which fact is possibly asso- ciated with the measurements of the distance from the head to the vulva, 1 to 1.83 mm. Von Linstow (1879a) states that back of the vulva aperture is a chitinized hollow cylinder with a somewhat wider aperture which seems to serve for the reception of the male accessory piece. I have not been able to identify this structure. Males are apparently very rare in this species, contrary to my experience with O. tetraptera, and none is available to me. I have had to depend on other writers for a description of the male. Von Linstow (1884) notes that males are very rare and apparently short lived in this species. He adds that females 360 » long have the vulva closed with a brown plug, the sign of fertilization already accomplished. Von Linstow also notes a fungus growth as common on the skin of many females. This fungus starts at the anus (fig. 96) and apparently arises from fungi growing in the excrement. From this point, where it shows as a sepia-brown body visible to the naked eye, it spreads posteriorly to the end of the tail and anteriorly to the head. Neo- toma mexicana fallax is recorded here as a host for the first time, the host being collected in Colorado. Seurat (1916: See Addendum, p. 224) makes this type of the new genus Syphacia. He regards O. stronia as a synonym. OXYURIS PUGIO Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828. Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Head alate. Mouth bare. Male unknown. Female “ Trilinearis” (three lined or three lines (6.5 mm.) long?). Anterior portion of body ovigerous. Tail semialate. Host—Procavia syriaca (Hyrax syriacus). Location—Large intestine. Locality —Palestine. This form has never been described properly. Nassonov (1897) states that he found this form, but, contrary to what some of his reviewers state, he published no study of it, merely quoting Hemp- rich and Ehrenberg. 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. OXYURIS SCIURI Hall, 1916, new name. Synonym.—Oxyuris species Parona, 1889. Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Head not inflated. Mouth with papillae and with distinct internal foldings. Club-shaped esophagus with esophageal bulb. Intestine large and straight. Male unknown. Female 17 mm. long and 49 » (%) thick. The body is much at- tenuated posteriorly. The swollen portion of the esophagus proper is 750 » from the anterior end and is 70 » in diameter. The bulb is 21 » in diameter. The anus is very small and is 40 » (?) from the tip of the mucronate tail. No anal papillae visible. The vulva is 6 mm. from the anterior end. The oviducts are in compressed, ser- rate loops; the ovaries are very long. Host.—Sciurus atrodorsalis. Location.—Nares and mouth (%). Locality —Kokarit. Parona had five females of this species and states that the fact that his material included no males prevented him from describing it as a new species, although he believes it to be new. While it is a good gen- eral rule to have both sexes, and especially the more distinctive male, it is a rule with limitations and these limitations are especially ap- plicable in the genus Oayuris, where the males are small, easily over- looked, short lived, and rare. That a carefully described female Oxyuris is readily recognized is proven in such a case as that of O. evoluta, the male of which is first described in this paper. Even in the case of such a form as Parona’s, his comparatively incomplete description will probably prove sufficient to permit of immediate recognition of material from the named host. Parona states that these worms must have been found in the stomach or intestine. There must have been some error in the labeling which indicates the collection of these worms from the nares and mouth. I have queried the figures given for the thickness of the body by Parona, on the grounds that it hardly agrees with the general rela- tions of Oxyuris. 'Ten times the figure given would be more likely. For the same reason I have queried the dimensions given for the distance from the anus to the tip of the tail. Parona states that the esophageal bulb has two swellings. I have interpreted this as a reference to the posterior dilatation of the esophagus proper and to the esophageal bulb. OXYURIS STOSSICHI Setti, 1897a. Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): Cuticle finely but somewhat irregularly striate transversely. Anteriorly the cuticle expands laterally to form two alae, the length of which varies with the speci- No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 85 men, but is usually about 1 mm. or less. The club-shaped esophagus terminates in the esophageal bulb. The intestine is considerably dilated anteriorly, is sharply constricted behind the en- larged portion, and then pursues an almost rectilinear course with fairly constant diameter to the anal aperture. Male 5 to 8 mm. long and 370 to 580 » thick. The posterior extremity of the body (fig. 97) is spirally en- rolled and bears a short conical projection at the tip. The spicule is about 250 wu long and is 16 yp thick at the base. It is directed posteriorly toward the projection on the tip of the tail. The cloacal aperture is about 130 p. from the posterior extremity of the body. Female 12 mm. long and with a maximum thickness of about 1 mm. The esophagus is from 500 to 700 u long. The bulb has a diameter of 200 py. The anus is 2 to 2.5 mm. from the posterior extremity of the body. The vulva (fig. 98) is about 1.7 mm. from the anterior extremity of the body. The uterus shows large dilata- tions full of innumerable eggs. The eggs (fig. 99) are of the typical asymmetrical shape. They are 70 to 75 u long and 35 to 38 p thick. The embryonic mass occupies only the central portion, leaving a considerable clear portion. Host.—Hystrix cristata. Location.—Intestine. Locality.—Massaua, Eritrea, Italy. I have taken the dimensions of the esophagus, given by Setti in his gen- eral discussion, as probably apply- ics ing to the female. Also I have dis- Fia. 97.—Oxyuris regarded his statement that the egg me. 98.—oxy- Bees as shape is either asymmetrical or [iy Sse MALE. X 50. ArreR symmetrical. This depends entirely — arrer sett, fee on the point of view. The Oxyuris ‘" egg is flattened on one side, and this is what is meant by asymmetrical here. OXYURIS STROMA von Linstow, 1884. Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): Three Fia. 99.—O xX Y URIS : : : : ae Be aaa, hyaline lips (fig. 100) about a triangular aperture x 100. Artek which is first surrounded by a circular disk. Dor- Bae oe sally and ventrally the underlying parenchyma pro- jects to form three elevations on each side. In each case the median 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. elevation bears a single papilla and the other elevations bear a double papilla. Male 1.5 mm. long and 160 w thick. The esophagus is 2/9 of the total length. The spic- ule is straight and is 79 » long (fig. 101). The accessory piece has a hooked point and is 36 p long. The cloacal aperture is 2/31 of the total length from the posterior end of the body. There is one pair of large postanal papillae. Anterior of the cloacal aperture are two cuticu- lar bullae, and anterior of these are three pecul- Fia. 100.—Oxyoris stroma. jar large projecting pads, of which the most HEAD VIEWED FROM THE . at Pile : : rRonr. ENLaRcep. Ar- anterior is in the median portion of the body. gee eo Female 4.6 mm. long and 360 p thick. The esophagus is 1/10.7 of the total body length. The anus is 1/7 of the body length from the posterior extremity. The vulva is 4/15 of the body length from the anterior extremity. The eggs are 130 to 140 » long and 48 » thick. They have a double wall, the outer wall being marked with circular depressions showing a dark spot in the middle (fig. 102). The contained embryos have a strongly developed esophagus with a bulb bearing teeth and terminate in a rounded tail with no appendage. Life history—The embryos develop in the cecum, where von Linstow has found about 100 im- mature specimens 580 to 640 »p long and 49 to 54 yp, thick. The esophagus in these measured 1/6.2 and the tail 1/7.1 of the total length. Host.—A podemus sylva- ticus (Mus sylvaticus). Location. — Small intes- Fig. 101-—OXYURISSTEOMA. “tine; immature forms im Fie.101—OxyuEr POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF | STROMA. Eqa@a. MALE. Entarcep. Ar- the cecum. ENLARGED. AFTEE TER VON LINSTOW, 1884. Localit y.—Not given. von Liystow, 1885. Seurat (1916) says this is O. obvelata. See Addendum, page 224. OXYURIS TETRAPTERA (Nitzsch, 1821) von Linstow, 1878a. Synonyms.—Ascaris dipodis Rudolphi, 1819, of Stossich, 1898; Ascaris tetraptera Nitzsch, 1821: Oxyuris semilanceolata Molin, No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 87 1858¢; Oxyuris obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802) Dujardin, 1845, in part, of various authors. Fig. 103.—Oxy- URIS TETRAP- TERA. FEMALE. ENLARGED. AFTER M OLIN, 18616. Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): There are three very simple lips surrounding a triangular mouth aper- ture which communicates directly with the esophagus, the lumen of which is also of triangular, though larger, cross section. No papillae appear to be present, prob- ably because they are obscured by the inflated cuticle of the head. The esophagus is somewhat club-shaped, as usual, but is thinnest in its middle portion. The terminal esophageal bulb is elongate oval instead of the customary subspherical in shape. The cuticle of the head (fig. 103) is inflated, the inflated area presenting either a clear or granular appearance. There are two characteristic cervical alae; these are prominent and terminate at the level of the esophageal bulb in a re- curved margin, the angle formed by this margin and the lateral border of the membrane being acute and slightly produced (fig. 104). Occasionally lenticular thickenings of the cuticle occur on the dorsal aspect near the posterior end of the cervical alae (fig. 105). The cuticle is transversely striated. Male 2 to 2.5 mm. long and 155 to 175 yp thick. Head, including the inflated cuticle, 65 to 90 p in diameter. The esophagus, exclusive of the esopha- geal bulb, is 195 to 225 p» long, with a maximum thickness of about 45 yp. The ovoid bulb is about 115 p long and 75 to 80 y thick. The nerve ring is 85 to 115 » from the anterior end of the body. The anterior portion of the intestine is greatly dilated and is reflected about the posterior portion of the esophageal bulb to form a depression in which the end of the bulb lies. The rectum is an elongate structure, about 95 to 110 » long, tapering from a broad base to the cloacal aper- ture. The bursa (fig. 106) 1s fe. 104—OxyuRIs TET very narrow, somewhat serrate eae ae aS or scalloped along its border, and incised in the vicinity of the cloaca, the posterior and shorter portion extending from this region to the tip of the tail. The maximum 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voL. 50. width is attained just anterior of the tip of the tail. The spicule is apparently much reduced or imperfectly chitinized and is not visible with ordinary technique. The cloacal aperture is about 185 to 150 p from the posterior extremity of the body. The cloacal aperture is situated on an elevation, but any papillae that are associated with it are so much reduced as to be un- recognizable by means of the usual technique. Female 2.58 to 4 mm. long and 190 to 250 p thick. The esophagus, ex- clusive of the bulb, is 215 to 320 p long and 42 to 52 yw thick. The esophageal bulb is 120 to 150 p long by 78 to 86 p thick. The nerve ring is 110 to 140 p from the anterior end of the body. The intestine is considerably dilated 105. : 106. Fias. 105, 106.—OXYURIS TETRAPTERA. 105, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY SHOWING CUTICULAR ENLARGEMENTS X 92.5. 106, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. a, DORSO-LATERAL VIEW; b, DORSAL VIEW. X 170. at its anterior end. The anus is 430 to 600 » from the posterior end of the body. The vulva is 1.075 to 1.66 mm. from the anterior end of the body, and is a transverse slit with somewhat swollen lips (fig. 107). From the vulva the vagina proceeds forward a short distance and then turns back to a muscular ovijector, and then a nonmuscu- lar portion which communicates, through a valvular structure, with No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 89 the uterus, the point of union being a short distance posterior of the vulva. The uterus extends posteriorly to a point just anterior or just posterior to the anus, where it forms the oviducts. Either the uterus or the oviducts extend posterior of the anus (fig. 108), a dis- tinctive point in distinguishing this species from its common associ- ate, Oxyuris obvelata. There is only a short, bluntly pointed clear N1q.107.—OXYURIS TETRAPTERA. AN- TERIOR EXTREMITY AND REGION OF VULVAIN FEMALE. es., ESOPHAGUS; es. bulb, ESOPHAGEAL BULB; int., IN- TESTINE; 0v., OVARY; ut., UTERUS; FIG. 108.—OXYURIS TETRAPTERA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF v., VULVA. X 46. FEMALE. X 92.5. tail posterior of the reproductive structures, another feature which distinguishes this species from O. obvelata where there is a long tail extending posterior of the anus. The eggs are of the typical Owyuris shape, 84 to 90 p. long and 34 to 40 p thick. Hosts—Mus musculus, Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus), Cricetus cricetus (Cricetus frumentarius, Cricetus vulgaris), Jacu- lus jaculus (Dipus jaculus), Jaculus sagitta (Dipus sagitta). Location.—Large intestine. G() PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Localities. Germany (Saxony); Italy (Padua); Austria (Trieste) ; United States (Washington, District of Columbia; Colo- rado Springs, Colorado). The name Ascaris dipodis Rudolphi, listed by Stossich as a syno- nym of Oxyuris tetraptera, antedates the name proposed by Nitzsch, but Rudolphi (1819) did not describe this species and lists it with a cross, meaning “not seen.” It can not therefore be considered as an available name for this species. Molin’s measurements indicate that the worm is one-fourth as thick as it is long, an obvious error. He states that the spicule is papilliform, a statement which is copied by Stossich. I have been unable to identify any spicule in this species. This species has been very much confused with O. obvelata, but the two are readily distinguishable. Spiroptera quadrialata (q. Vv.) is probably O. tetraptera. OXYURIS TRIRADIATA Hall, 1916, new species. Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Mouth with three promi- nent outer lips (fig. 109), each bearing two papillae anteriorly, and with three conical inner lips forming the triradiate mouth aperture (fig. 110) common in species of Oxyuris.. This communicates through the simple pharynx with the club-shaped esophagus, which becomes gradually thicker posteriorly and is separated by a con- striction from the powerful esophageal bulb. This bulb (fig. 111) is strongly muscled and the lumen is lined with chitin which is de- veloped into a dental apparatus in the posterior portion of the bulb. The bulb communicates with the intestine by means of a valve which projects into the lumen of the intestine. The anterior portion of the intestine is dilated to form a wide elongate saccular structure, and the posterior portion is constricted to form a narrower cylindrical structure. There are no lateral alae, but the cuticle around the head and neck, to a distance half the length of the esophagus, is swollen, often forming incidentally a narrow ring just back of the head. The cuticle is very distinctly transversely striate. Male 3.38 to 4.00 mm. long and 200 to 285 p» thick. The head diameter is about 55 p. The esophagus, exclusive of the bulb, is 310 to 345 »p long and 48 to 50 » thick at the posterior end. The esopha- geal bulb is 100 to 105 » long and 95 to 105 » thick. The nerve ring is 200 to 260 » back of the anterior extremity of the body. The prominent cuticular striation disappears at the origin of the bursal membrane anterior of the cloacal aperture (fig. 112). The bursa forms No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 91 an elliptical structure to a point near the end of the body proper, where the elliptical form terminates in an incision, the bursa then expanding again to form a terminal bursal structure resembling, to some extent, that of the strongyles. The bursa is supported by a median extension of the cuticle forming a dorsal ray and by lateral extensions forming lateral rays, one on each side. These three rays diverge at approximately right angles from the posterior end of the body. They tend to curve ventrally near their tips and the lateral rays curve somewhat posteriorly near their tips. The rays are approximately equal in length, ranging from 85 to 115 p. Near the middle of the dorsal ray is a transverse ridge on the dorsal as- pect, with its distal edge directed backward (fig. 113). Ventral of the main copulatory bursa are two symmetrically Hi disposed acces- git i H HH H Hoe 50 sory mem- ES ee ¥h H 4 branes, each UR ete Bey ; c INOS LT Lid Soe ese supported by a \ A RN Rayer ae single wavy ray. These membranes originate lat- Fic. eae He Fig. 110.—OXYURIS TRIRADIATA. HEAD VIEWED DIATA. HEAD. XX 340. FROM THE FRONT DIAGONALLY. XX 340. erally at a point just posterior of the incision which divides the main bursa into the rayed portion and the anterior elliptical portion. The median insertion of these membranes is on either side of the blunt, conical posterior termination of the body proper. Measured from the anterior origin, these bursal membranes are 45 to 50 yp long. Between their bases is a large papilla in the median line. At a point slightly anterior of this papilla the posterior portion of the body is protracted laterally to form two large papillae sug- gestive of the prebursal papillae of the strongyles. The spicule is a bluntly elongate conical affair, 43 to 52 » long and 10 to 15 p thick at the base. It is usually not well chitinized, but may show fairly heavy chitinous lines at the thick base. The cloacal aperture is 115 to 138 » from the posterior extremity of the dorsal ray. female 4.27 to 6.25 mm. long, with a maximum thickness, exclusive of the dorso-ventral line through the greatly swollen lips of the vulva, of about 4830 ». The head attains a maximum diameter of 75 to 80 p. The esophagus, exclusive of the esophageal bulb, attains a maximum length of 400 to 415 » and a maximum thickness of 75 to 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 80 uw. The esophageal bulb attains.a maximum length of 125 » and a maximum thickness of 110 to 115 ». The nerve ring is 170 to 215 » from the anterior extremity of the body. The anus is 850 to 950 p from the posterior extremity of the long narrow tail (fig. 114). The cuticular striations continue to the very tip of the tail. The vulva (fig. 115) is located about 1.5 mm. from the anterior extremity of the body and is a transverse slit lying between the enormously devel- ee ———e iN | l it ae OS.. f : i j | mH c i iN EE | at \ \ rl Mt = iN N : i i “i He hh nn i m | a i ! il as bull i , LL Pe Um Seno SSS Renee UT he NS Ay eee i] Ta ny Clot Ht Tied | re v7 Sot aoe Lt a ) (aie ft Bete ay ed SO pe a oe o a eZ st ba i Le (ih —7 ta SONS — praia FZ fH 5 SEY Ly —7, ae 7 : Tf - Mi) | | | nth ea mee Sa eee ul ly i Fic. 111.—OxXYURIS TRIRADIATA. ESOPHAGEAL BULB. X 340. oped anterior and posterior lips. The part of the body lying inside of the cuticle is depressed by the pushing in of the vulva while the depression is filled on the outside of the cuticle and beyond the line of the body by the large cuticular labia. From the extreme borders of the two lips the anteroposterior measurement attains a maximum of about 500 ». This vulva is readily visible to the naked eye. The short muscular vagina extends posteriorly and communicates with the uterus. Apparently the reproductive tubes do not extend pos- terior of the anus. The ovaries extend forward almost or quite to the region of the esophagus. Eggs not found. - . * Koa” ale he No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 93 Hosts —Ammospermophilus leucurus cinnamomeus, Callospermo- philus lateralis. Location.—Cecum and large intestine. Localities—United States (Pagosa Springs and Mack, Colorado). Type material_—No. 16582 U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal Industry helminthological collection ). Fig. 112.—OXYURIS TRIRADIATA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FIG.113.— OXYURISTRIRADIATA. Pos- MALE, VENTRAL VIEW. X 340. TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, LATERAL VIEW. X 340. Fertilization of the egg appears to take place rather late. Al- though I have an abundance of male and female material, includ- ing some from cases of heavy individual infestation, I find no gravid females. It is difficult to see the relation between the short, thick spicule and the enormous vulvar labia; perhaps the labia enlarge after fertilization. This species should be found fairly widely distributed. It occurs in hosts of at least two genera and over a fairly wide range. Pagosa Springs is near the southern edge of the State of Colorado and Mack is near the middle of the western edge. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. _The resemblance between the bursa in this species and that of the type species of the genus, 0. equi, is rather interesting. I am indebted for the alcoholic host material from which these worms were collected to Mr. E. R. Warren, of Colorado Springs. Fig. 115.—OXYURIS TRIRADIATA. FEMALE IN REGION OF VULVA, Fic. 114.—OXYURIS TRIRADIATA. POSTE- SHOWING DEVELOPMENT OF RIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. an., ANUS. CUTICLE ANTERIOR AND POSTE- x 46. RIOR OF VULVA. X 170. OXYURIS UNGULA von Linstow, 1906. Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): Mouth with three lips. The esophagus is club-shaped, the diameter increasing posteriorly, and is separated by a constriction from the esophageal bulb. The bulb equals one-fifth of the total length of the esophagus. The anterior portion of the intestine has a smaller diameter than the esophageal bulb. The lateral cervical glands, 260 » long, extend anteriorly along the esophagus. There are two cervical alae with a diameter equal to one-ninth of the body diameter and terminating posteriorly at a point opposite the posterior end of the esophagus. The cuticle is transversely striate. Male 2.12 mm. long and 180 » thick. Esophagus one-fifth of the total body length. The tail is one twenty-second of the total body length and is hoof-shaped in lateral view (fig. 116). On each side are two projections, of which the anterior is round and directed later- ally and the posterior is more spherical and directed posteriorly. * Pee 5 pe ee ee Se Bi Oh ae he ee ee No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 95 Female 4.5 mm. long and 350 » thick. The tail is 1/5.7 of the total body length and is elongate and finely pointed. The esophagus is 1/7.5 of the total body length. The nerve ring is 100 » from the anterior end of the body. The excretory pore is close behind the nerve ring. The vulva separates the anterior portion of the body from the posterior portion in the ratios of 2:5 to 2:7. The eggs are of the typical Oxyuris shape, flattened on one side, and are 120 p» long and 36 pu thick. Larvae 420 » long and 79 » thick. The esophagus is 1/6.4 and the tail 1/8 of the total body length. Host—Sciurus vulgaris. Location.—Intestine. ss Locality.— Germany (Bredlauken _ b. Insterburg). Von Linstow (1906) states that the three males found by him were not sexually de- veloped, the spicule and testis not being present. He also states that the cuticle is transversely striated at intervals of 130 to 170 p. Considering the length and_ thickness of this worm, it seems more likely that 13 to 17 ». was intended. Von Linstow further notes that this species ean not be confused with Oxyuris acutis- SS uhh ty easy See ~ Fic. 116.—OxyvRIS UNGULA. Pos- A f Fig. 117.—OXYURIS PALLARYI. SEL EmeryY ov. mar.e See irom “the, same” axccrion exenmury oF ENLARGED. AFTER von Lin- host for several rea- FEMALE. ENLARGED. Ar- stow, 1906. TER SEURAT, 1915a. sons, among others, that O. acutissima has no esophageal bulb. I take it that Rudolphi’s allusion to a posterior swelling of the esophagus probably covers an observation on the esophageal bulb. At any rate, circumstances indi- cate that Rudolphi’s species was an Owyuris and as such must have had an esophageal bulb. OXYURIS PALLARYI Seurat, rorsb. Specific diagnosis.—Oxyuris (p. 65): Small forms, usually curved in an S-shape or the shape of an interrogation mark. Cuticle trans- versely striated at intervals of 10 ». Two lateral alae in the median portion of the body. Excretory pore very small, opening at the level of the anterior end of the intestine in the female (fig. 117), and a little posterior of this in the male (fig. 118) ; the pore is in commu- 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. nication with a large vesicle which is very prominent as a result of its refractive appearance. The mouth has three lips. The esopha- gus, including the bulb, is a fifth of the length of the body in the male and a sixth in the female; it is encircled by the nerve ring at the union of the anterior and mid- dle thirds. Male 2 mm. long with a maxi- mum thickness of 180 p. Body com- monly curved in an interrogation mark. Esopha- gus, including the esophageal bulb, 430 p long. Ex- cretory pore 50 p posterior of the esophageal bulb. Two straight lat- eral alae in the region of the in- testine and termi- nating anterior of the cloacal aper- ture (fig. 119). The cloacal aper- ture is in the cen- ter of a conical eminence. The tail is short, 130 p. long, and termi- nates in a dorsal Fig. 118.—OXYURIS PALLARYI. MALE. ENLARGED. AFTER SEURAT, point 70 p. long. 19152. : Posterior of the cloacal aperture are two straight caudal alae, sustained by a pair of large stalked papillae; the caudal glands open just anterior of these papillae. There are also a pair of sessile preanal papillae and a pair of sessile adanal papillae. The spicule is 84 vu. long and slightly curved. The gubernaculum (fig. 120) is 55 » long and terminates at its distal extremity in a hook like the barb of a fishhook. On the ventral surface of the body there are two large cuticular bosses on which the cuticular striae are especially prominent; the more anterior of these is in the middle of the body, and the other one No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 97 is midway between the first and the cloacal aperture; similar bosses have been noted in Oxwyuris stroma, which Seurat says is O. obvelata. Female 2.9 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 275 ». The body is massive and curved in the shape of a letter S. The tail is one-sixth of the entire body; it attenuates gradually and terminates in asoft point. The esophagus is 400 » long and the esophageal bulb 85 » long. The intestine is wider than the esophageal bulb. The two lateral alae arise posterior of the esophageal bulb, at the level of the vulva, and extend to the region of the rectum, 170 » anterior of the anus. The vulva (fig. 117) opens on the ven- tral surface, slightly posterior of the esophageal bulb and 100 p posterior of the excretory pore; the vulva is promi- nent for the reason that the vagina is everted, forming a prominent appen- dix 60 p long. In a young female, 1.8 mm. long, and recently fertilized, the vagina is not everted, but the vulva is covered with a maroon-colored plaque which prevents any further attempts at fertilization. The ovijector is directed posteriorly and includes, first, a tubu- lar portion lined with a cuticular mem- brane, corresponding to the vestibule and sphincter, and 120 p long, char- acterized by the thickness of its muscu- lar wall; second, the musculo-epithelial portion, which has a uniform thickness for 150 p, then dilates to form an ovoid reservoir, 215 w long, in which the spermatozoa accumulate and where Fic. 119.—OXYURIS PALLARYI. Pos- fertilization takes lace and then TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL ’ diminishes to its original thickness 9 VW: PNiARGED. Armen Srunar, and continues posteriorly to the vicin- ity of the rectum, where it divides into two branches which ex- tend anteriorly and parallel to join the uterus. In the young female the uterus is straight and the eggs are arranged in a row; in the mature female the uterus occupies all the space about the intestine posterior of the vulva with the exception of that about the rectum. The ovaries are massive, blackish in color, and are situated side by side immediately posterior of the vulva. The eggs are numerous, thick shelled, elongated, and flattened on one face; they are 84 by 25 » in diameter. 10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——7 98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Ilost.—Atlantoxverus getulus (Xerus getulus). Location.—Cecum. Locality— Mogador, Morocco. Seurat states that the male of this species has its closest affinities with O. stroma, but that the females of the two species are so dif- ferent that he wonders if the female described for O. stroma is really the female belonging with the male of that species. He also states that these two species are related to O. hilgerti and O. obvelata. OXYURIS POLYOON von Linstow, 1909. Fig, 120.—OXYURIS PALLARYI. Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): The aren Seon ibe ~=«sCuticle is transversely striated at inter- vals of 7 to 8 »; anteriorly it is strongly thickened over a distance of 120 p, the body parenchyma being thin- ned over the same interval. The rounded head end bears three lips. The esophagus is thin and terminates in a spherical bulb provided with teeth in the interior; the esophagus and its bulb are separated by a slight constriction ; the small posterior half of the esophagus is pig- mented brown; the esophagus is two- sevenths of the body length in the male and five twenty-thirds of the length in the female. The nerve ring encircles the esophagus about 180 p from the anterior end of the body. The excretory pore is on the ventral surface in the neck region near the =F] : : ES Ss ee: t } constriction between the esophagus See C a and its bulb. Male 326 mm. long and 330 p thick; the tail is one seventy-fourth of the total length and is bent toward the ventral surface in the form of a hook, forming a coil of two turns. The vesicula seminalis is very large, with a length equal to about one- fourth of the entire body length. Fig. 121.—OxyYuRIS POLYOON. POSTERIOR The testes extend so far anteriorly EXTREMITY OF MALE. ENLARGED. AFTER that they divide the body in the ratio “°" UN oy of 11:8 anteriorly and posteriorly (meaning of original description not clear). The spermatozoa are flat, 16 » long and 10 » thick. The spicule (fig. 121) is 230 » long and is forked at its proximal extrem- ity. There are four pairs of prominent conical papillae, of which one pair is preanal, one adanal, and two pairs postanal. TH ea NO, 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 99 Female 5.28 mm. long and 350 p» thick; the long finely pointed tail is two-elevenths of the total length of the body. The vagina opens far anterior of the middle of the body and divides the anterior from the posterior portion in the ratio of 19:41; it extends posteriorly and the ovaries extend to a point near the esophageal bulb. ‘The small eggs are 80 by 23 » in diameter and are uncommonly numerous. Host.—Geosciurus capensis (Xerus setosus). Location.—Intestine. Locality Rehoboth, German Southwest Africa. Seurat (19150), in his paper describing Dermatoxys getula, notes in comment on that species that it has very close affinities with O. polyoon. As a distinguishing feature he notes the cuticular for- mations in the form of a comblke structure in ). getula. It seems quite likely that closer inspection would show the presence of these structures on O. polyoon, as it has other features, among them the peculiar distribution of pigment in the esophagus, in common with species of Dermatoxys. The present writer is of the opinion that more study will probably show that this species should be trans- ferred to the genus Dermatoxys. Genus DERMATOXYS Schneider, 1866. Generic diagnosis—Oxyurinae (p. 65): Males with a curving longitudinal row of transverse comblike crests on the ventral surface. Cervical alae present. Esophageal bulb with or without teeth. Males with very long well-developed caudal bursa. Massive deep colored ovaries in the region of the vulva, communicating by narrow oviducts with the uteri; the two uteri unite in the vicinity of the anus to form the long ovijector which extends anteriorly to the vagina. Ty pe-species—Dermatoxys veligera (Rudolphi, 1819) Schneider, 1866, ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF DERMATOXYS. 1. Esophageal bulb without teeth. Male with 10 to 17 crests on the ventral surface; over 10 mm. long. Female over 15 mm. long. Dermatoxrys veligera, p. 99. Esophageal bulb provided with teeth. Male with over 20 crests on the ven- tral surface; less than 5 mm. long. Female less than 10 mm. long. Dermatoxys getula, p. 103. DERMATOXYS VELIGERA (Rudolphi, 1819) Schneider, 1866. Synonym—Ascaris veligera Rudolphi, 1819. Specific diagnosis —Dermatoxys (p. 99): White worms, the body rather straight and stiff. Cuticle with fine, transverse striations, spaced at intervals of about 5 » in the middle portion of the body and at wider intervals in the posterior portion. Two cervical alae ex- 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. tending from the head to a point posterior of the esophageal bulb. Excretory pore very small and difficultly visible, situated posterior of the esophageal bulb. Mouth with three well-developed lips, each bearing three papillae. Buccal cavity very shallow, closed anteriorly by three teeth inserted on the three lips. The esophagus terminates posteriorly in a bulb, the union being marked only by the external widening and, frequently, by some rugose mark- ings; the esophagus proper, exclusive of the bulb, is widened anteriorly to form a short thick portion and diminished pos- teriorly to form a long slender portion, the latter showing a variable and very noticeable brown pigmentation. The esophagus length, including the bulb, is one-ninth of the length of the female and two-fifteenths of the length of the male. The nerve ring en- circles the esophagus proper at the union of the anterior and middle thirds. Male 8 to 11.5 mm. long, with a maxi- mum thickness of 435 ws) dehre! bod yieiis straight, with a mod- erate curve ventrally at its posterior ex- tremity. The caudal bursa (figs. 122 and 123) is formed of two very long alae, Fic. 123—DzRMatoxys 1.5 mm. long and VELIGERA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, Fig. 122.—DERMATOXYS VELIGERA. : s - POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE rather wide, with a VENTRAL VIEW. EN- . LARGED. AFTER SCHNEI- ita view. AFTER SEURAT, yery distinct border Sen see marked by several fine parallel longitudinal striations; the alae are curved ventrad and meet posterior of the conical termination of the body proper. The distance from this conical termination to the cloacal aperture is about 400 ». About 700 » anterior of the cloacal aperture is a series of 10 to 17 cuticular crests, of variable size and slightly irregular outline approximating that of a sector of a circle, the crests being disposed in a somewhat irregular longitudinal series. Between this ' ' ‘ ‘ ' ' t ‘ ‘ ' ' ' . ‘ ' . ‘ ' ’ ‘ soo. ee > No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 101 series and the cloacal aperture the ventral surface also bears two rows of small shields or bosses. The region about the cloacal aper- ture bears several large sessile papillae; there are six preanal papil- lae, of which four are in the same transverse line along the superior lip of the cloaca; the inferior lip bears three papil- lae, of which the median is the larger; immediately posterior is a contiguous pair of large papillae, and a little posterior of these is a pair of large cuticular shields. The apertures of the caudal glands open at the level of the origin of the tail. Spicule (fig. 124) very small, 85 »p long; no guber- Fia. 124,— naculum. DERMA- Female 16 to 17 mm. long, with a maximum thickness of | 7°* a VELIGE- 600 p. The posterior extremity (fig. 125) is conical, regu- ga. sore. larly attenuated, and may terminate in a point covered by a eed small, brown, chitinous, thimble-shaped cap; this appears Aronr to be deciduous and is often not present. The tail is ad about 3 mm. long, or almost one-sixth of the length of , the body. The excretory pore opens on the ventral surface, about 1.3 mm. posterior of the esophageal bulb. The vulva is about 85 wu. broad, not prominent, and is situated anterior of the middle of the body, about 7 mm. from the anterior extremity. It is commonly covered with a brown or reddish- brown plug. It opens into a vagina lined with a thick cuticle and joining a cuticular ovijector (fig. 126) which extends anteriorly a distance of 1 mm.; both the vagina and the ovi- jector are provided with a thick mus- cular tunic. In its distal region, corresponding to a sphincter, there is a deeper colored glandular organ, which in turn connects with the ante- rior musculo-epithelial portion of the ovijector, a straight tube 12 mm. long which extends to a point just poste- rior of the anus; in this posterior por- tion it enlarges and contains a number of eggs; from this portion the uteri = om diverge as straight tubes contain- ; ing two or three rows of eggs and ewer eos YELIGEES. extending parallel to the preced- OSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, e s ing portion of the ovijector for a distance of 9 mm. Their anterior extremities, slightly dilated to form in each a receptaculum seminis, communicate with the ovaries by narrow S-shaped oviducts; the massive ovaries, of deeper color, 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. are situated side by side posterior of the vulva. The eggs (fig. 127), 110 by 50 » in diameter, have a very thick shell, stippled externally, slightly flattened on one side, and showing an interruption at one end for the exit of the embryo which is covered by a very distinct vitelline membrane. Hosts.— Sylvilagus brasili- ensis (Lepus brasiliensis), Sylvilagus auduboni baileyi, Sylvilagus nuttalli pinetis, Lepus kabilicus, Lepus cali- fornicus melanotis. Location. — Cecum (very rarely in small intestine). Localities —Brazil; Algeria (Winton); United States (Amo, Howbert, Monument Park, and Natural Corrall, Colorado; Murray County, Oklahoma). J am unable to confirm Seurat’s statement that the head is larger than the body immediately following it in this worm or that the cervical alae terminate posteriorly at the level of the esophageal bulb. The wide distribution of 3 SZ . Ks a SSE Pog long. At the anterior end — ae they attain a maximum diameter of 82 yp; pos- terior to this point they are from 10 to 16 » thick. The alae (fig. 147) attain a maximum width of 21 y. The gubernaculum is 43 to 53 p long and is deeply bifurcated. The cloacal aperture is near the end of the genital cone. Female 8 to 9.2 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 345 to 365 pw, the maximum thickness being attained just back of the head and anterior of the vulva. From the thick portion just anterior of the vulva the body diminishes in diameter posteriorly. A short dis- tance back of the vulva the worm bends dorsally (fig. 148). Back of the anus the decrease in diameter is accented, this portion form- ing a cone. Near the tip of the cone there is a break where the sides of the cone tend for a short distance to approach the parallel and then the body terminates in a conical tip. The esophagus is club- shaped, slightly thinned in the vicinity of the nerve ring and increas- ing considerably in diameter posteriorly. It is 945 » to 1 mm. long Fic. 143.—RANSOMUS RODENTORUM. MALE. ENLARGED. 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. -and attains a maximum thickness of 205 to 275 p. The nerve ring is 430 to 490 » from the anterior end of the body. The anus is 300 to 350 » from the end of the tail. The vulva is a transversely elongated slit with prominent lips and is 645 to 860 » from the end of the tail. The vagina is 380 to 390 p» long and is directed anteriorly from the vulva, the anterior end bending in a somewhat lateral direction to join the ovijectors. The combined lengths of the muscular portions of the ovijector are about 675 to 700 pw. One is directed anteriorly from the common central portion, the other is directed posteriorly, 42: Fig. 144.—RANSOMUS RODENTORUM. Fic. 145.—RANSOMUS RODENTORUM. BURSA, LAT BURSA, DORSAL VIEW. d., DORSAL RAY; ERAL VIEW. d., DORSAL RAY; e. d., EXTERNO- e.d., EXTERNO-DORSAL RAY; 1., POSTERO- DORSAL RAY; é. 1., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAY; l. v., LATERAL AND MEDIO-LATERAL RAYS;l. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; ™m. l., MEDIO-LATERAL RAY; LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; v. v., VENTRO- p. l., POSTERO-LATERAL RAY; UV. V., VENTRO-VENT- VENTRAL RAY. ENLARGED. RAL RAY. ENLARGED. but proceeds only a short distance before turning anteriorly. The eggs are ellipsoidal and are 100 to 105 by 55 to 60 » in diameter. Eggs not yet segmenting when oviposited. ~ Host-—Thomomys fossor. Location.—Cecum ; occasionally in small intestine. Localities —Ruxton Creek (El Paso County, Colorado) ; Middle Brush Creek (Gunnison County, Colorado); and Crested Buttes, Colorado. Type material—No. 16181, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal In- dustry helminthological collection), Ee eee ee eee ee eee in te a se @ No. 21381. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 119 The writer is indebted to Mr. E. R. Warren, of Colorado Springs, for the opportunity to collect this material from alcoholic host material collected by Mr. Warren in 1909 and 1910. The species was tentatively reported by the writer in 1912 as Chabertia species, but a subsequent study of the material shows that such structures as the externo- dorsal ray, which originates independently, and the dor- sal ray, which terminates in four substantially equal digi- tations, will not permit of placing this form in that genus. In passing it may be said that while the writer has fol- lowed Railliet and Henry in forming tribes on the basis of ray formation and the loca- tion and arrangement of the vulva and uteri, the system is not altogether successful in bringing together groups dis- tinctly similar in other re- spects. An arrangement which brings together Strongylus, with a corona 1 beg radiata, and Ancylostoma PENTORUM. Fic. 146.—Ransomus ropentorum. and U. nNCiNAria, without a ee SOON. Tita eowNG corona radiata and with the yor rather distinctive hookworm , head, as members of the Strongyleae, at the same time placing Cylicostomum, with a corona radiata, in the Cylicostomeae, and Necator, with its hookworm mouth, in the Bunostomeae, is not en- tirely satisfactory. At the same time, Leiper’s (1908) division, based on the buccal capsule, and putting hookworms in the Anchylos- tominae, forms with a corona radiata in the Strongylinae, and such forms as Walicephalus in another unnamed group, is likewise unsatis- factory. The fact that the present grouping is not very satisfactory is one reason for not following other writers who give these groups higher than tribal rank. 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Bia, 148.—RANSOMUS RODENTORUM. FEMALE, ENLARGED. VoL. 50. eee tea aiiatilaa eia No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 121 Tribe uncertain. ANALYTICAL KEY TO UNPLACED SPECIES OF STRONGYLINAE. 1. Found in inguinal glands; undescribed___---------~- Stronglyus lemmi, p. 122. Found in large intestine; described species. Strongylus (Deletrocephalus) brachylaimus, p. 121. STRONGYLUS (DELETROCEPHALUS) BRACHYLAIMUS von Linstow, rgor. Specific diagnosis —Deletrocephalus (%): Cuticle transversely striate at intervals of 21 yp. At the head end is a prominence, smaller in front and broader behind, with a rounded posterior margin. This surrounds a buccal capsule, in the wall of which ‘are about UE Ln | WT i KE — —_ 4 i AHL Ul Fic. 149.—STRONGYLUS (DELETROCEPHA- LUS) BRACHYLAIMUS. ANTERIOR EX- Fie. 150.—STRONGYLUS (DELETROCEPHALUS) BRACH= TREMITY. ENLARGED. AFTER VON YLAIMUS. BURSA. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LIN- Linstow, 1901. stow, 1901. 50 rods, the ends, some of which are cleft, projecting free anteriorly (fig. 149). At the posterior margin of the head prominence and in the four submedian lines are four large papillae, while outside of the buccal capsule four fine clublike papillae project anteriorly. The esophagus is very short. Male 13 mm. long and 630 p» thick. The esophagus is one-twenty- seventh of the total length. The bursa (fig. 150) has two large lateral lobes and one small median lobe. Of the six rays in the lateral lobes, the ventro-ventral and latero-ventral are close together and the medio-lateral and postero-lateral are close together. The last two are broad. The medio-lateral and the externo-lateral originate in a common trunk, the externo-lateral branching off and diverging from the medio-lateral, which continues in general the line of the main trunk. The externo-dorsal and the dorsal apparently originate separately. The dorsal trunk divides to form two thick branches, which almost immediately divide to form a short external branch and a longer terminal branch. The very long spicules are 2.96 mm. long. The gubernaculum is 100 p long. Female 20 mm. long and 880 p. thick. The esophagus is one-thirty- second of the total length. The conical pointed tail is one-ninety- 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. sixth of the total length. The vagina opens just anterior of the anus. The ratio of the body length anterior of the vulva to that posterior of the vulva is 500:11. Anterior of the anus is a semicircular swell- ing, from which muscles proceed obliquely posteriorly to the dorsal line. The vagina ends in another hemispherical swelling, in front of which the cuticle is swollen for 890 p. The eggs are (?) 14 by 7p in diameter. Host.—Procavia brucei (Heterohyrax mossambica). Location.—Large intestine. Locality —Rukwa Lake, German East Africa. The dimensions given for the eggs, “0.014 mm. . . . 0.007 mm.,” seem very small for a worm this size, and it is possible that these figures should be 140 by 70 p. Railliet and Henry (1912a) have left the genus Deletrocephalus Diesing, 1851a, unplaced in the formation of tribes of Strongylinae. An examination of the available figures and descriptions of the type- species, D. dimidiatus Diesing, 1851, indicates that we have in it a member of the Strongylinae in which the vulva is near the anus and the uteri are convergent, as in the Cylicostomeae, but the ray struc- tures are uncertain or contradictory. According to some figures, the externo-dorsal and dorsal rays have separate origins, and according to others they originate in a common trunk. According to von Linstow’s figure, the dorsal and externo-dorsal rays of Stroagylus (Deletrocephalus) brachylaimus apparently have separate origins, but it would be unsafe to say positively that this was the case. Noth- ing is said as to the convergence or divergence of the uteri. It is not certain that von Linstow’s species and Deletrocephalus dimidiatus are congeneric, and this is additional reason for leaving Deletro- cephalus unplaced in this paper. STRONGYLUS LEMMI von Siebold, 1837. Synonym.—Nematoideum muris-amphibii Rudolphi of Diesing, 1851. Specific diagnosis.—N one. Host.—Mus musculus or Arvicola amphibius (Mus amphibius, Lemmvus amphibius). Location—Inguinal glands. Locality.—N ot given. This species is based on a record of Redi (1708). Rudolphi (1810) records it under the heading “ Vermes generis dubii” and with the notation “ Muris musculi vel amphibii,” and says that he is unable to determine from which species of mouse Redi collected it. Rudolphi (1819) later lists it under the same notation, closing his paragraph No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 123 with the word Vematoideum. He does not use the form Nematoi- deum muris-amphibi, credited to him by Diesing. The species found by Redi may have been larval strongyles or they may have belonged in some other superfamily. It is hardly worth while speculating on the subject. Family TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE Railliet, 1915. Synonym.—Tricostrongylidae Leiper, 1908, of Travassos, 19140. Family diagnosis. —Strongyloidea (p.106): Meromyarian. Simple ‘mouth without a buccal capsule. Parasitic only in the digestive sys- tem. Development direct and simple, involving in all cases known only the possibility of infection by ingestion. Type-genus.—T' richostrongylus Looss, 1905. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE, 1. Body not spirally curled. Females with 2 ovaries__Trichostrongylinae, p. 123. Body frequently spirally curled. Females with 1 ovary. Heligmosominae, p. 148. Subfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLINAHE Leiper, 1908. Subfamily diagnosis.—Trichostrongylidae (p. 123): Body straight or curved, but not regularly coiled in a spiral. Females with two ovaries. Type-genus.—T richostrongylus Looss, 1905. ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF TRICHOSTRONGYLINAE, feeinsiimerentiy described. 2 = Genus uncertain, p. 144. IECOOM ZA O= fener a) a ee wees te I Oe ee eee 2. Bursa with 2 distinct dorsal rays, each supporting a small dorsal lobe; ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays close together and parallel; medio- lateral and postero-lateral close together and parallel_Nematodirus, p. 181. Bursa with 1 dorsal ray, commonly branched; ventro-ventral and latero- ventral rays, and medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays not close together STAC O LAT) cule all Caen ee het IO) eo tt 2 ek of See 3. 8. Spicules short, spatulate, and appearing as though twisted. Trichostrongylus, p. 124. Spicules lone and filiform, Straight or curved_—..- 2-99 4, 4. Spicules cleft along almost entire length; ventro-ventral, latero-ventral, and postero-lateral rays originate in a common trunk______ Citellinema, p. 141. Spicules simple or only cleft at tips; ventro-ventral, latero-ventral, and postero-lateral rays do not originate in a common trunk ________ 5. 5. Mouth surrounded by a chitinous ring; cuticle with numerous prominent longitudinal ridwes; bursa faintly incised dorsally; postero-lateral and medio-lateral rays do not originate in a common trunk_Graphidium, p. 189. Mouth not surrounded by a chitinous ring; cuticle without prominent longi- tudinal ridges; bursa deeply incised dorsally ; postero-lateral and medio- lateral rays originate in a common trunk______________ Warrenius, p. 142. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS Looss, 1905. Synonyms.—Strongylus Mueller, 1780, of authors; 7’ricostrongylus Travassos, 19140. Generic diagnosis—Trichostrongylinae (p. 123): Small and slender. Commonly reddish in color when first collected. Body gradually attenuated forward from the genital aperture. Head small, usually about 10 » in diameter, with three small lips and with nodular or punctiform papillae. Cuticle with annular striations. Cervical papillae lacking. Buccal cavity not well differentiated. Esophagus long, with simple well-developed dorsal gland. Nerve ring and ex- ° cretory pore about 150 » from the anterior end. Body of the cervical glands behind the esophagus, one gland behind the other. Bursa with large lateral lobes, without well-developed median lobe. Six supporting rays in each lateral lobe. Ventral rays widely separated, of very different thickness; the ventro-ventral is thin and directed ventrally; the latero-ventral is thick and in close relation with the lateral rays. Postero-lateral ray thinner than the other lateral rays, and located close to the externo-dorsal ray. Dorsal ray short, cleft at the end. Spicules short, spoon-shaped or spatula-shaped, and presenting the appearance of being twisted, this appearance result- ing from the arrangement of ridges on the spicules. The proximal end of the spicule is thickened with a knoblike or disklike process toward one side. Toward the posterior end of the spicule a more or less prominent angular projection is usually present, giving the point of the spicule a hooked or barbed appearance. Gubernaculum or ac- cessory piece present, elongated and boat-shaped or shoe-shaped in profile. Prebursal papillae small. Testis simple and not coiled. Ovaries in older individuals slightly wavy, the anterior one disposed in one or several loops. Uteri divergent. Ovijectors well developed. Vulva in the posterior half of the body, slit-shaped or crescentic, sur- rounded by somewhat protruding chitinous lips. Postanal portion of the body of the female relatively short, with a pair of small caudal papillae near the tip. Eggs of moderate size, thin shelled and color- less, and containing a maximum of 8 to 32 segmentation cells when oviposited. Parasitic in the duodenum, more rarely in the stomach, of herbivores, rodents, and man. Type-species.—T richostrongylus retortaeformis (Zeder, 1800) Looss, 1905. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. 1. Males less than 3 mm. long and female less than 5 mm. long. Trichostrongylus fiberius, p. 129. Males more than 3 mm. long and females more than 5 mm. long__________ De 2. Males over 7.5 mm. long; females over 10 mm. long; spicules over 500 y long; vulva over 2 mm. from end of the tail; anus more than 150 uw and less than 1 mm. from end of tail; esophagus, testis, uterus, ovaries, and Og es DlaCkee™ Aastha eee pee Trichostrongylus pigmentatus, p. 128. ; eS ee Eee le. i No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 5 Males less than 7.5 mm. long; females less than 10 mm. long; spicules less than 500 w long; vulva less than 2 mm. from the end of the tail; anus less than 150 » or else 1 mm. or more from the end of the tail; viscera not WLSMAGM CCH Lo Le Ck See a eee ee ee So ee SS RS A 3. 8. Dorsal ray originates asymmetrically from the base of the right externo- dorsal ray; spicules 175 w long or longer; vulva 1 mm. or less from the tine ofthe: taille 2 ee ee ee Trichostrongylus calcaratus, p. 126. Dorsal ray symmetrical throughout; spicules less than 175 uw long; vulva moreithan mm, from the tipor the tars 2. = a he a eee 4. 4. A small dorsal lobe present in bursa; males over 5 mm. long; spicules less than 125 w long; vulva more than 1.5 mm. from the tip of the tail; anus 1 mm. or more from the tip of the tail. Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, p. 125. No dorsal lobe present in bursa; spicules more than 125 uu long; vulva less than 1.5 mm. from the tip of the tail; anus less than 1 mm. from the cipPOL hey baile 2-2 ee ee Trichostrongylus delicatus, p. 130. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS RETORTAEFORMIS (Zeder, 1800) Looss, 1905. Synonym.—sStrongylus retortae- formis Zeder, 1800. Specific diagnosis —Trichostrongy- lus (p.124): Body capillary, very much attenuated anteriorly. Head some- what inflated at times. Male 5.5 to 7 mm. long with a maxi- mum body thickness just anterior of the spicules of 60 ». The bursa (fig. 151) is deeply incised in the middorsal line forming two large lateral lobes and a ag. 151 ‘rrtcHostRONGYLUS RETOR- very small dorsal lobe. The latero- TAEFORMIS. BURSA. X 150. AFTER 3 : a RAILLIET, 1895. ventral ray is quite thick and the lateral rays diminish from the straight thick externo-lateral to the thin postero-lateral, the last named being close to the externo-dorsal ray. The tip of the externo-dorsal ray is about halfway between the tips of the postero-lateral and the dorsal rays. The dorsal ray divides close to the bursal margin to form two short branches, each of which ends in a double point. The short thick spicules are 100 to 110 » long and appear twisted as a result of ridges. Viewed from the side the posterior edge of the spicules is slender and smooth edged. The gubernaculum is boat-shaped and is 63 » long. Spicules and gubernaculum are dirty brown in color. Female 6 to 7.7 mm. long and 80 to 90 » thick in the region of the vulva. The tail gradually narrows from the point where the pos- terior uterus bends forward, and is prolonged in a conical point. The anus is only slightly salient and is 1 to 1.2 mm. from the tip of the tail. The vulva aperture is short and often crescentic and is 1.8 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. to 2 mm. from the tip of the tail. The middle section of the ovi- jector is very short, almost hemispherical. The eggs are ellipsoidal and relatively large, 75 to 80 » long and 40 to 45 p thick. Hosts-—Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus), Lepus euro- paeus (Lepus timidus). Location —Small intestine (duodenum) ; rarely in stomach. Locality —Europe. This species has been reported as occasionally causing the death of the host animal. Railliet (1893) states that it is commonly asso- ciated with Graphidium strigoswm in the production of a pernicious anemia. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS CALCARATUS Ransom, 1911). Specific diagnosis—T richostrongylus (p. 124): Male 4.7 to 6.6 mm. long. Maximum thickness 100 to 130 p (at base of bursa). Lateral lobes of bursa in preserved specimens tightly curled inward so that it is impossible to spread the bursa out flat. Latero-ventral and externo- lateral rays closely approximate to 100m. Fic. 152.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS CALCARATUS. Bursa. AFTER RANSOM, 1911. d.7., DORSAL 1000 RAY; ¢€. d., EXTERNO-DORSAL RAY; ¢. l., EX- TERNO-LATERAL RAY} gub., PORTION OF GUBER- _—- FIG. 153.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS CALCARATUS. Por- NACULUM; l. sp., PORTION OF LEFT SPICULE; TION OF BURSA SHOWING DORSAL RAY. AFTER 1. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; m. 1., MEDIO- RANsoM, 1911. d. 7., DORSAL RAY; ¢€. d., EX- LATERAL RAY; p. 1., POSTERO-LATERAL RAY; TERNO-DORSAL RAY; Pp. l., PORTION OF POSTERO- v. UV.) VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. LATERAL RAY. one another, about equal in thickness, the former slightly the thicker, both much thicker than the other rays (fig. 152). Externo-dorsal ray long, curving dorsad in its distal portion; proximally it is thick, distally it is very slender. Ventro-ventral ray slender, of about the same thickness as the distal portion of the externo-dorsal ray. Pos- No. 2131 NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 127 tero-lateral and medio-lateral rays of about equal thickness, the latter slightly the thicker, less than half as thick as the externo-lateral ray, closely approximated, except at their tips, where they diverge slightly, the postero-lateral ray dorsad and the medio-lateral ven- trad. Medio-lateral ray closely approximated to the latero-ventral ray. Dorsal ray united at its base with the base of the right externo- dorsal ray; bifurcated distally (fig. 153). The dorsal lobe of the bursa is not distinct from the lateral lobes, and is deeply emarginate between the distal branches of the dorsal ray. Distal branches of the dorsal ray are very slender, with simple unbranched tips. Spic- ules 175 to 190 pw long, nearly equal in length but somewhat different in shape, dark brown in color, slightly * curved ventrad, with truncate tips and without the ventral angular projection typical of 7richostrongy- lus (fig. 154). Tip of left spicule with a large beaklike process or spur projecting ventrally, and a small spur projecting dorsally. An- terior of the ventral beak a small hook, and in front of the latter a series of two or three small projec- tions, the ventral surface of the distal portion of the spicules for a distance of about 50 p thus having a hooked, barbed, and roughened appearance. The ventral surface of the right spicule is smooth. Tip of the right spicule smaller than that : Fic. 154.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS CALCARATUS. Gigene. lett. with a small flattened. ~ ‘succes ano Guerexacuium, Agree caplike enlargement projecting dor- —- Ransom, 1911. gub., GuBERNACULUM; I. $p., LEFT SPICULE; Tr. Sp., RIGHT SPICULE. sally and ventrally as very small j pointed processes, and laterally as a very small ridge. Gubernaculum about 100 by 385 » in length and breadth, respectively, similar in color to the spicules, with an oval body and a short pointed process posteriorly and a longer process anteriorly. Female 5.8 to 7 mm. long by 90 to 120 » in diameter at the vulva. Anus 65 to 90 » from the tip of the tail (fig. 155). Posterior end of the body is commonly rather abruptly though slightly diminished in size a short distance in front of the anus, then tapers gradually to the tip of the tail; or, beginning some distance in front of the anus, may taper gradually to the tip. Tail straight. Vulva 850 » to 1 mm. from the tip of the tail, elongated diagonally, 50 to 60 » long, with inconspicuous lips (fig. 156). Combined length of muscular portion 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. | of the ovijectors 450 to 560 p. Eggs 60 to 70 » long by 30 to 36 p wide, in 8 to 32 celled stage when deposited. Host.—Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus (Lepus sylvaticus). Location.—Small intestine. Locality — Bowie, Maryland. In comment on his species Ransom (19110) says that it is closest to 7. retortaeformis. He also notes that it is perhaps questionable whether the species should be included in 7'7ichostrongylus in view of the rather aberrant characters of the dorsal ray of the bursa and of the spicules. The asymmetrical origin of the dorsal ray and the termination of its branches in undivided tips are atypical, as is the shape of the distal por- tion of the spicules. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS PIGMENTATUS (von Linstow, 1904) Hall, 1916. Synonym.—Strongylus pig- mentatus von Linstow, 1904. Specific diagnosis. — Tricho- strongylus (p. 124) : Mouth with three lips, each lip bearing on its summit a small papilla. Esophagus, testis, uterus, ova- ries, and eggs colored black. Male 7.7 mm. long and 120 p thick. Length of esophagus one-fourteenth of the total body length. Bursa has two large (00,4. 1004 ‘lateral lobes and a very narrow fie. 156.—TRicHo- Fi. 155.—TRICHOSTRONGY- ynedian lobe (fig. 158 is The STRONGYLUS CAL- LUS CALCARATUS. POSTE- CARATUS. FEMALE RIOR EXTREMITY OF FE- lateral lobes are supported by IN REGION OF VULVA. MALE. AFTER RANSOM, six slender divergent rays. The AFTER RANSOM, 1911. 1911. dorsal lobe is supported by a dorsal ray which bifurcates near its distal extremity, each branch in turn forming two terminal branches of which the external are the shorter. Spicules short, 680 » long, pale brown in color, and with the usual discoid or scutelliform expansion of the proximal extremity (fig. 158). Posteriorly the spicules terminate in three branches, of which the thicker and longer one is rounded, while the thinner and shorter ones are pointed. Gubernaculum? Female 10.5 mm. long and 140 p» thick. The tail is acuminate and is one-sixty-sixth of the total length of the body. The anus is there- NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 129 fore 160 » from the tip of the tail. The length of the esophagus is one-eighteenth of the total body length. The vulva is situated posteriorly, dividing the body in the ratio of 37:11, and is therefore 2.4 mm. from the tip of the tail. The eggs are 62 » long and 36 pu thick. Host.—Lepus nigricollis. Location.—Stomach. Locality —Ranna, Southern Province, Ceylon. Von Linstow notes that this species is close to 7'richostrongylus retortaeformis, and while nothing is said of a gubernaculum and the bursa rays are figured as of the same size throughout, it probably belongs in 7'richostrongylus. The spicule size is large; perhaps it should be 68 pz. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS FIBERIUS Barker and Noyes, ro15. Specific diagnosis —Trichostrongylus (p. 124): Body threadlike; anterior region greatly attenuated, body grad- ually thickening toward the posterier end. Male 2.8 mm. long with a body diameter of 13 pu just behind the head and of 90 pu Fig. 158.— just anterior of cae the bursa. Bursa LUS PIG- with two wide oe lateral lobes and ULE. EN- a narrow dorsal ce lobe. “ Lateral von LIN- yc ee re oe om wide, blunt, lat- eral rays and one narrow, pointed dorso-lateral and one ventro- lateral ray.” Spicules short and heavy (fig. 159). Female 4.7 mm. long, with a body diameter of 30 » just behind the head and of 135 p» at the level of the vulva. Vulva in the posterior ninth of the body, 520 » from the end (fig. 160). Anus 80 u from the posterior end of the body. Posterior end slightly curved and pointed. Eggs oval, segmented (when oviposited ?), 59 by 36 p in diameter; shell thick. Host.—Ondatra zibethica (Fiber zibethicus). Location.—Duodenum and cecum. Locality— United States (Nebraska). 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——9 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. The description and figures of the bursal rays of this species, which is described in a paper by Barker (1915), are not clear to me. The worm is reported from the cecum of the host, a very unusual location for worms of this genus, except when dead and being passed out. Fig. 159.—TRICHO- STRONGYLUS FIBE- RIUS. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. AFTER BARKER, 1915. Fig. 161.—TRICHOSTRONGY- LUS DELICATUS. BURSA, DORSAL VIEW. d, DoR- SAL RAY; é€. d., EXTERNO- DORSAL RAY; @é l., EX- TERNO-LATERAL RAY; gub., GUBERNACULUM; l. 0.5mm vV., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; F m.1., MEDIO-LATERAL RAY; lic. 160.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS FIBERIUS. FE- p. l., POSTERO-LATERAL MALE, AFTER BARKER, 1915. RAY. ENLARGED. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS DELICATUS Hall, 1916, new species. Specific diagnosis.—T richostrongylus (p. 124): Head small, 11 to 12 »in diameter. Lips indistinct. Cuticle finely striate transversely and longitudinally, and not inflated in the head and neck region. There is a cervical fold back of the head region. Male 4 to 4.55 mm. long with a maximum diameter in the vicinity of the spicules of 105 ». - Esophagus simple, 155 » long. Cervical fold about 140 w back of the head end. Bursa has two large lateral lobes, with curving, finely scalloped border, deeply incised in the median line (fig. 161). No dorsal lobe present. The ventro-ventral ray is comparatively short. The tip of the latero-ventral curves toward the ventro-ventral, though their tips are widely separated (figs. 162 and 163). The tip of the medio-lateral is closer to the externo-lateral than to the postero-lateral. The tip of the postero- lateral curves toward the externo-dorsal. The short dorsal ray is . ete ial iat ii siete ia NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. Po 37u long. It divides distally to form two terminal forks about 16 p long. At the base of these forks are two very short lateral spurs externally. The spicules are short, 140 to 155 » long, and apparently twisted. The gubernaculum is canoe-shaped and is 70 to 80 p long. The spicules and gubernaculum are curved, presenting a convexity dorsally. Female 6 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 103 » in the vicinity of the vulva. Cervical fold 95 to 125 » back of the head end. Anus 75 to 100 » from the tip of the acutely pointed tail (fig. 164). Vulva 1.22 to 1.245 mm. from the tip of the tail. Combined length . Fic. 162.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS DELI- CATUS. BURSA, LATERAL VIEW. 4., Fic. 163.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS DELICATUS, DORSAL RAY; €. d,, EXTERNO-DORSAL BURSA, LATERO-VENTRAL VIEW. €¢. l., RAY; €. l., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAYS; EXTERNO-LATERAL RAYS; gub., GUBER- l. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; ™. L., NACULUM; 1. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAYS; MEDIO-LATERAL RAYS; DP. 1., POSTERO- m. 1., MEDIO-LATERAL RAYS} p.1., POSTERO- LATERAL RAYS; Vv. U., VENTRO-VEN- LATERAL RAY; VU. ¥., VENTRO-VENTRAL RAYS. TRAL RAY. ENLARGED. ENLARGED. of muscular portions of ovijectors between the sphincters, 490 yp. (fig. 165). Eggs 85 by 50 » in diameter, segmenting at oviposition. fHost.—Sciurus aberti mimus. Location.—Small intestine. Locality.—Pagosa Springs, Colorado. Type material.—No. 16571, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal Industry helminthological collection). This species was collected from some of Mr. E. R. Warren’s alcoholic host material. Genus NEMATODIRUS Ransom, 1907. Generic diagnosis —Trichostrongylinae (p. 123): Head not over 50 » in diameter; circumoral papillae inconspicuous. Cuticle of head may be inflated and in cervical and head region striated trans- versely. Cervical papillae apparently absent. Bursa without un- paired dorsal median ray. Dorsal lobe of bursa reduced to two small 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. short lobules, each supported by a dorsal ray. Ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays of each lateral lobe of bursa close together, par- allel. Six supporting rays in each lateral lobe. Medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays close together, parallel. Externo-lateral ray distally diverges widely from the other lateral rays. Spicules more than 500 p» in length, slender, tubular, filiform united by a membrane Fic. 164.—TRICHOSTRONGY- Fic. 165.—TRICHOSTRONGY- LUS DELICATUS. POSTE- LUS DELICATUS. BODY OF RIOR EXTREMITY OF FE- FEMALE IN REGION OF VUL- MALE. X 345. VA. wut., UTERUS. X 102° throughout their length, or only in their distal portion. Gubernacu- lum absent. Vulva of female behind the middle of the body. Ovi- jectors well developed. Eggs large, generally over 150 p long. Type-species—Nematodirus filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802) Ransom, 1907. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF NEMATODIRUS. 1. Spicules about 1 mm. long; female with ovijectors having a combined length of about 400 w__________________-___Nematodirus spathiger, p. 133. Spicules 3 mm. long or longer; ovijectors having a combined length of 900) wiorlongers=2232) Den oe ee Nematodirus neotoma, p. 186. Ee ee a eee eee NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. hoo NEMATODIRUS SPATHIGER (Railliet, 1896) Railliet and Henry, 1909. Synonyms.—Strongylus spathiger Railhet, 1896; Strongylus filicollis Rudolphi, 1802, of Curtice, 1890; Nematodirus filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802) Ransom, 1907, of Ransom, 1911, and others. Specific diagnosis —Nematodirus (p.1381): Body slender, tapering gradually toward the anterior extremity (fig. 166) ; head between 25 and 50 pin diameter; cuticle of head and neck may be slightly inflated, in latter region coarsely striated transversely, elsewhere without transverse striations (fig. 167). Four and probably six inconspicuous circumoral papillae. Mouth small, followed directly by the esopha- gus; no buccal capsule. Esophagus 400 to 500 » long. Cervical papillae not apparent. Lateral membranes absent. Fic. 166.—NEMATODIRUS SPATHIGER. MALE AT RIGHT, FEMALE AT LEFT. * VULVA. X 15, AFTER Ransom, 1911. Male 8 to 15 mm. long by 125 to 175 » in maximum diameter. Bursa with two large lateral lobes. Dorsal lobe short, deeply emargi- nate, and thus reduced to two small lobules (fig. 168). Ventral rays slender, close together, parallel. Externo-lateral ray at first close to the medio-lateral ray, distally curves ventrad away from the latter. Distally the medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays curve slightly dorsad. Medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays close together through- out their entire length, the tip of the latter extending slightly beyond that of the former. Tip of the postero-lateral ray about equidistant from the tip of the externo-dorsal ray and the tip of the externo- lateral ray, the latter being about the same distance from the tip of the latero-ventral ray. Lateral rays thicker than the other rays. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Externo-dorsal ray very slender. No median dorsal ray. Each dorsal lobule of the bursa is sustained by a ray whose base is united with the base of the externo-dorsal ray, somewhat thicker than the latter, with somewhat bifid tip. Spicules (figs. 168 and 169) slender, equal, about 1 mm. long, united by a membrane in the posterior two- thirds, more closely toward the tip, where the membrane forms a spatulate enlargement. Prebursal papillae small, inconspicuous. 1675 * 168. Fias. 167, 168.—NEMATODIRUSSPATHIGER. 167, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY OF BODY. X 150. AFTER RANSOM, 1911. 168, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL VIEW. d., DORSAL RAY; é€. d., EXTERNO-DORSAL RAY; €. l., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAY; 1. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; m. 1., MEDIO-LATERAL RAY; 7D. lL., POSTERO-LATERAL RAY; Sp., SPICULES; UV. v., VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. X 150. AFTER RANSOM, 1911. Female 12 to 20 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 200 to 250 p at the vulva. Thickness suddenly reduced just behind the vulva. Tip of tail truncate, bearing a short, slender, acutely pointed bristlelike process (fig. 170). Anus 70 to 80 » from the truncated end of the body. Vulva a transverse slit located about one-third the length of the body from the posterior end. Combined length of the muscular portions of the two ovijectors (fig. 171), including the sphincters, about 400 p. Eggs oval, 175 to 200 p long by about 100 p. wide. Embryos develop into filariform larvae before hatching. Hosts —Ctenodaetylus gundi. Commonly a parasite of ruminants. Location.—Small intestine. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 135 ene ee ei en eS Localities —United States, Europe, New Zealand, Australia, Tunis. This species was reported from a rodent for the first time by Seurat (1913), who reports it from the gundi, Ctenodactylus gundi, in Tunis, listing it as V. filécollis, A comparison of Seurat’s figures Fics. 169-171.—NEMATODIRUS SPATHIGER. 169, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, LATERAL VIEW. LET- TERING ASIN FIG. 168. X 150. AFTER RANSOM, 1911. 170, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, LAT- ERAL VIEW. @n., ANUS; int., INTESTINE; 0v., OVARY. X 150. AFTER RANSOM, 1911. 171, BopY oF FEMALE IN REGION OF VULVA, LATERAL VIEW. €¢, EGG; int., INTESTINE; 0vij. 1, TERMINAL PORTION OF OVIJECTOR; ovij. 2, SPHINCTER OF OVIJECTOR; 0vij.3, NON-MUSCULAR PORTION OF OVIJECTOR; vul., VULVA. X 150. AFTER RANSOM, 1911. with those of V. filicollis given by Boulenger (1915) and those of N. filicollis given by Ransom (1911), which latter Boulenger and also Railliet and Henry (1912c) regard as NV. spathiger, indicates that Seurat’s species is V. spathiger, as Seurat suspected it might be. 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. NEMATODIRUS NEOTOMA Hall, 1916, new species. Synonym.—wNematodirus species Hall, 1912. Specific diagnosis.—Nematodirus (p. 131) : Long and slender, nar- rowing toward the anterior end. Head diameter, exclusive of the inflated cuticle, 25 to 45 »; inclusive of the inflated cuticle, attains a maximum of 80 ». The cuticle of the head and neck is usually inflated and, as a rule, asymmetrically (fig. 172). The inflated area shows a transverse striation. The re- mainder of the body is finely striated longitudinally, the striae being 10 to 11-» apart, and the striation is continued along the rays of the bursa. A yet finer transverse stria- tion is visible over the body in favorable specimens, and a special transverse striation forms a fine annulation in the 8 region of the vulva and ovijectors. Four circumoral Fia.172.—NE- Minopings PePillae visible. The anterior portion of the esophagus neotoma. usually has a sinuous course and is narrower than the ANTERIOR one Z vie EXTREMITY straight posterior portion. orremate. Male 8.1 to 10.6 mm. long with a maximum thickness of ees 135 p. Esophagus 335 to 500 » long. The dorsal lobe of the bursa (fig. 173) has a shallow median notch along its border, the two lobules thus formed being supported by the two dorsal rays. These rays bifurcate near their tips, the bifurcated part being about one-fifth of the total length of the ray. The externo-dorsal rays are very long and slender and have a rather sinuous course in most specimens (fig. 174). They are remote from the other rays. The postero-lat- eral and medio-lateral rays are parallel branches formed by a split in their common stem (fig. 175). Their tips curve back toward the ex- terno-dorsal ray. From the same common stem the ex- terno-lateral ray diverges, its tip turning toward the ventral rays which are parallel and close together. Around the proximal part of the lateral ray and in the area between the externo-lateral and the other lateral rays are a number of clear, transparent maculae. The body terminates in a cone inside the bursa (fig. 176). The spicules are very long, from 3 to 3.42 mm. long, and are only clearly separated for a short distance Fia. 173.—NEMATODIRUS NEOTOMA. BURSA, DORSAL VIEW. X 170. a ee eS ee ee No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 137 along their proximal portion (fig. 177). They are curved at the tip. When extruded the spicules bend around in a wide curve, the tips 174, 175. Fias. 174, 175.—_NEMATODIRUS NEOTOMA. 174, BURSA, DORSO-LATERAL VIEW. X 170. 175, BURSA, LAT- ERAL VIEW. d, DORSAL RAYS; ed., EXTERNO-DORSAL RAYS; ¢l., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAYS; lv., LATERO- VENTRAL RAY; ml., MEDIO-LATERAL RAYS; pl., POSTERO-LATERAL RAYS; spic., SPICULE; ¥., VENTRO-VEN- TRALRAY. X 170. coming back toward the ventral surface or even to it. No prebursal papillae found. Female 18.3 to 22.2 mm. long with a maximum thickness at the vulva of about 225 p. The tip of the tail is truncated and bears a 176. Liz Fics. 176,167. NEMATODIRUSNEOTOMA. 176, BURSA, VENTRAL VIEW. d., DORSAL RAY; V., THE VENTRAL RAY SYSTEMS FORMED BY THE CLOSELY APPROXIMATED LATERO-VENTRAL AND VENTRO-VENTRAL RAYS. X 170. 177, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. int., INTESTINE. X 46. pointed spinelike process (fig. 178). The anus is about 120 » from the posterior end of the body. The vulva (fig. 179) is situated at the union of the middle and posterior thirds of the body or slightly in 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. front of this point. The body is commonly bent at this point. The combined length of the muscular portions of the ovijectors (fig. 180) is 900 to 955 p. The eggs are 145 to 190 p by 80 to 90 » in diameter. Ilosts.—N eotoma mexi- cana fallax, Neotoma desertorum, Neotoma floridana baileyi, Neo- toma cinerea rupicola. Location. — Small in- testine; rarely in stom- ach. Localities—San_ Aca- cia, Siebert’s ranch (Mesa County), Mack, Cedar. Point, and Pawnee RUS NEOTOMA. =e arent Buttes, Colorado. Core Te : Fic. 179.—NEMATODIRUS NEO- TREMITY OF FEMALE. douse EWGwA LesesOK: Type material. —No. at 16134, U.S.N.M. (Bureau spy ee es of Animal Industry hel- minthological collection). The material from which the above species is described was col- lected from host material preserved in alcohol by Mr. E: R.; Warren, ‘of Colorado Springs. The - places of collection are located as follows: One near the northeast corner of Colorado; another near the middle eastern part of Colorado; an- other near the middle of the southern boundary; : and two near the middle of the western boundary. | It may be safely pre- | Fia. 180.—NEMATODIRUS NEOTOMA. OVIJECTORS. X 91. dicted that this species will be found on adequate examination of species of Neotoma any- | where in Colorado and probably in Veotoma anywhere. | Fic. 178.—NEMATODI- No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 139 Genus GRAPHIDIUM Railliet and Henry, 1909a. Synonym.—sStrongylus Mueller, 1780, of authors. Generic diagnosis.—Trichostrongylinae (p. 123): Cuticle marked with a very prominent and striking longitudinal striation. Mouth large, limited by a chitinous ring. C.b., BD } the bu Sa. The head 1S 30 LATERAL RAY; l. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; ™m. 1., MEDIO- Me in diameter, exclusive of LATERAL Ray; p. 1., POSTERO-LATERAL RAY; v. lobe, VEN- the slight cuticular infla- eal OF BURSA; Uv. U., VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. EN- tion. The cervical mem- brane is 60 p» long. The esophagus is about 215 yp long and 17 » thick near its posterior end. The nerve ring is 130 » from the anterior end of the body. The structure of the bursal lobes and rays is that given in the generic diag- . nosis. The dorsal ray is -about 60 yw long. The spicules are 695 p long and very narrow. One of them terminates in a long fine wavy tip and the other ina bifurcation, the two parts of the bifurcation running nearly parallel, the thicker tending to curve shghtly pic. 1s9.—Warrentus QUADRIVITTATI. BURSA, LATERAL around the thinner. View. ¢.1., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAY; l. v., LATERO-VEN- TRAL RAY; m. 1., MEDIO-LATERAL RAY; p. l., POSTERO-LAT- Female unknown. ERAL RAY; 0. 0.. VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. ENLARGED. 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Host—Eutamias quadrivittatus. Location.—Small intestine. Locality.—Crested Butte Mountain, Colorado. Type material.—No. 16185, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal Industry helminthological collection). This species is based on two males, 1 headless, collected from. alco- holic host material, for which I am indebted, as for much other mate- Fic. 190.—WaARRENIUS QUADRIVITTATI. BURSA, VENTRAL VIEW. d. lobe, DORSAL LOBE OF BURSA; ¢. d., EXTERNO- DORSAL RAY; ¢. 1., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAY; 1. v., LATERO- Fic. 191—WARRENIUS VENTRAL RAY; m. 1., MEDIO-LATERAL RAY; 7p. 1., POSTERO- QUADRIVITTATI. POSTE- LATERAL RAY; v. lobe, VENTRAL LOBE OF BURSA; 2. 2v., RIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. DORSALVIEW. ENLARGED. rial noted in this paper, to Mr. EK. R. Warren, after whom the genus is named. is bo GENUS UNCERTAIN. ANALYTICAL KEY TO UNPLACED SPECIES OF TRICHOSTRONGYLINAE. . Found under the gastric mucosa_.__---2 3 Strongylus leporum, p. 148. Found in«the vntestine see ee bes ke i RAEN ee ae A eee 2. . No description ; found in small intestine of rat-____ Strongylus species, p. 145. Described Species? not found in intestine of rats. 2 3. » Cervicalealge presenta = eee ee, Strongylus minutoides, p. 147. Cervical-alaexprobablysabsent2 = ee 2 ee ee 4, . North American species from Hrethizon dorsatum (Hystrix dorsata). Strongylus simplex, p. 145. Not North American species and not from Hrethizon (Hystrir)_ ~~~ ___ 5. . Dorsal lobe of bursa very large; female more than 15 mm. jong. Strongylus sedecimradiatus, p. 145. Dorsal lobe of bursa small or lacking; female less than 15 mm. long. Strongylus cavalli, p. 146. The above key is obviously makeshift in character and in part of a rather unscientific nature, but in the absence of scientific data it is obviously impossible to supply a key based on such data. a ee eEEEeeEeEeEEE NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 145 STRONGYLUS species Lutz, 1894. Specific diagnosis —None. Host—Epimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus). Location—Small intestine. Locality.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. In a paper on Z'aenia nana (Hymenolepis nana), Lutz (1894) states that in examining J/us decumanus at Sao Paulo, Brazil, he found, in the small intestine of one rat, one male of a probably undescribed species of Strongylus. ‘There are no further data or description of any sort. STRONGYLUS SIMPLEX Leidy, 1856. Specific diagnosis —(?) Trichostrongylinae (p. 123) : “Body cylin- droid, anteriorly rather abruptly narrowed.... Head obtusely conical, not alated nor papillated.” Male 5 to 7.5 mm. long and 335 » thick. “ Body ... curved, with the caudal extremity incurved.” Bursa with a dorsal and two lateral lobes sustained by rays. Female 8 to 10 mm. long and 500 » thick. Body straight. Tail compressed, conical, and acute. Vulva one-third of body length from posterior extremity. Host.—Erethizon dorsatum (Hystrix dorsata). Location.—Small intestine. Locality —North America. It is impossible to locate this species generically on the basis of the above description. STRONGYLUS SEDECIMRADIATUS von Linstow, 1899. Synonym—sStrongylus sedecinradiatus Linstow, 1899, of Travas- sos, 19140. Specific diagnosis.—(?) Trichostrongylinae (p. 123) : The cylindri- cal head end is separated from the remainder of the body by a circu- lar furrow. Cuticle strongly striated transversely. Male 8.2 mm. long and 140 » thick. The esophagus is 1/14.2 of the total body length. The bursa has a very large dorsal and two lateral lobes (fig. 192). The externo-lateral and medio-lateral rays are close together and parallel. All other rays diverge from adjacent rays. There are two dorsal rays, slightly divergent, which send out an externo-dorsal ray laterally a short distance from their proximal origin and then bifurcate to form the two distal branches. The spicules are 530 p long. Female 16.2 mm. long and 180 p» thick. The distance from the anus to the tip of the tail is one sixty-eighth of the body length. The eggs are 59 by 31 » in diameter. Host.—Cuniculus paca (Coelogenys paca, Cavia paca). 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——10 146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. 50. Location.—Intestine. Locality —Y panema, Brazil. The above description of the bursal rays is based on von Linstow’s figure and its accuracy depends on the correctness. of the interpreta- tion of the ventral rays. If the apparent ventro-ventral ray is that and not a com- bined ventro-ventral and latero-ventral ray, the interpretation is as given. If what appears to be the ventro-ventral ray is really two rays, then the medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays are close together and parallel, the externo-dorsal STRONGYLUS CAVALLI Parona, 1907. ray lies in the lateral lobe and Specific diagnosis.—Trichostrongylinae (p. 123): Body white, very narrow, anguilluli- form in both sexes, thinning anteriorly. Cuticle not striated. Anterior extremity sim- ple, not dilated. Esophagus not very long the externo-dorsal . A 14 (fig. 193). Intestine straight. ray above de- Male 10 mm. long... Bursa :large, and’ bin 7 one ee 195. scribed is merely VALLI. 193, ANTERIOR EXTREMITYe another branch of the dorsal. It Fig. 192._STRONGYLUS SEDECIMRA- @ lobed, the lobes 500 to 800 » long. Rays dif- Eytarcev. Arme Parona, f eee le} tl ag ] ofl : a f t S ° l 1909. 194,SPICULES. ENLARGED. ering slightly in length and form. Spicules gyre panona, 1909. 195, Pos. DIATUS. BURSA, DORSAL view. Seems unsafe to cae BITER VON JAN] Vassiom thisispecies i generically on the description given. ‘Travassos (19140) states that this is a species of Weligmosomum, but does not give his evidence or reason for the statement. equal, 500 to 800 p long, conical, hooked at the Tae need eae distal extremity and with two small conical projections at the proximal extremity (fig. 194). Female 10 to 12 mm. long. The posterior third of the body is thicker than the anterior portion. The tail is not very long and ends in an acuminate extremity. The vulva is in the posterior fourth of the body and shows as a transverse slit with raised margins. Uteri are divergent (fig. 195), the posterior ovary and uterus being a little No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 147 shorter than the anterior. The anterior ovary extends beyond the middle of the body and forms a loop in the posterior third. The Fig. 196.—STRON- GYLUS MINUTOI- DES. ANTERIOR EXTREMITY. ENLARGED. AFTER PARONA, 1909. ent (fig. 196). Mouth with two salient teeth. Esophagus elongated, its length equal to about one-sixth that of the entire body and without dilation. Intestine straight throughout its course. Male 4mm. long. The testes extend forward almost to the level of the sricutzs. En- esophagus. The large bursa has two lateral lobes sustained by large lateral rays. The medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays are close together and parallel. The spicules are equal, long, thin, and straight (fig. 197). Males found alone or twisted in several turns around the body of the female. Female 7 to 8 mm. long. Tail conical, not very long, and pointed (fig. 198). Vulva a little anterior eggs are oval, relatively large, 80 to 85 » long and 45 » thick, in the morula stage at oviposition. Hosts —Otomys irroratus, Otomys irroratus tropi- calis, Funisciurus carrutherst. Location.—Intestine. ’ Locality.—Natakiva, Africa. The inadequate description of the bursal rays leaves the present generic position of this species in doubt. The description of the uteri, however, indicates that it belongs in the Trichostrongylinae within the limits of that subfamily as defined in this paper. STRONGYLUS MINUTOIDES Parona, 1907. Specific diagnosis—Trichostrongylinae (p. 128): Body white, filiform, diminishing in size anteriorly. Two cervical alae, with integral margins, pres- Fic. 197.—STRONGY- LUS MINUTOIDES. LARGED. AFTER Parona, 1909. of the anal aperture and not prominent. Uteri di- F'- 198—Stroney- LUS MINUTOIDES. vergent. Eggs large and oval, with thin shell and posreston ex- very little developed at oviposition. TREMITY OF FE- ’ . MALE LAT= ITost.—Arvicanthis pulchellus. geiicviiw Sine Location.—I\ntestine. LARGED. AFTER Locality—Ibanda, Africa. PARONA, 1909. 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. As in the foregoing species the brief description of the male bursa does not permit at present of a generic determination of this species, but the presence of two uteri in the female indicates that it belongs in the subfamily Trichostrongylinae. STRONGYLUS LEPORUM (Moniez, 1880) Moniez, 1889. Synonym.—s piroptera leporum Moniez, 1880. Specific diagnosis—(%) Trichostrongylinae (p. 123): Body red from red coloration of coelomic fluid. Body attenuates anteriorly, then enlarges abruptly in the head region. Cuticle transversely stri- ated, except on the bursa of the male. Head with four simple lips without appendices. Male \ess than 10 mm. long and with a maximum thickness of 270 ». Bursa with a dorsal and two lateral lobes. ‘The bursa is lon- gitudinally striated. The dorsal ray bifurcates at the proximal third, each branch dividing to form two short terminal forks, of which the external is the shorter. The spicules are deep red, 1.98 to 2.03 mm. long and enlarge gently distally. Toward the distal ex- tremity, over a distance of half the spicule length to just the distal part, they are united by a thin chitinous lamella forming a channel. This chitinous lamella projects slightly beyond the spicules, forming a sort of appendage, below which is a hook attachment to the spicule. The free portions of the spicules have a minimum diameter of 22 p, while the united distal portions have a maximum diameter of 65 p. Female a little more than 10 mm. long, with a maximum thickness of 450 p. Eggs average 80 by 40 pw in diameter, thin shelled, and seg- menting at oviposition. Hosts —Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus), Lepus euro- paeus (Lepus timidus). Location.—Under the gastric mucosa. Locality—Northern France (Ambleteuse, Pas-de-Calais; Grof- fliers, Pas-de-Calais; Forest of Marchienes). This species, originally described by Moniez as a Spiroptera, was later described as a Strongylus, but without the bursa characteristics necessary for present-day generic determination. Moniez indicates that there are five simple rays in each lateral lobe, but gives no fur- ther data. Subfamily HMLIGMOSOMINAHE Travassos, 1914). Subfamily diagnosis—Trichostrongylidae (p. 123): Body fre- quently coiled in a spiral. Females with one ovary. Type-genus.—Heligmosomum Railliet and Henry, 1909a. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 149 ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF HELIGMUOSOMINARE, 1. Two separate dorsal rays, vulva anterior___________ Heligmosomoides, p. 160. One branching dorsal ray, vulva posterior_______-_-__-___ 2 2. Body not spirally enrolled, prominent longitudinal cuticular markings. Heligmosomum, p. 149. Body spirally enrolled, without prominent longitudinal cuticular markings. Viannaia, p. 158. Genus HELIGMOSOMUM Railliet and Henry, 1909a. Synonym.—-Strongylus Mueller, 1780, of authors. Generic diagnosis—Heligmosominae (p. 148): Usually minute forms. Cuticle of normal thickness. Body commonly with cuticular markings other than simple striations, the longitudinal markings being especially prominent. Vulva in posterior portion of body, close to anus. » A single ovary present. Uterus provided with well- developed ovijector. Two filiform spicules, less than 1 mm. long; gubernaculum present or absent. Nature of bursal rays not known to me from type-species, but from new species included in this genus is apparently as follows: Ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays di- vergent, the latero-dorsal ray straight, the ventro-ventral curving posteriorly. The externo-lateral and medio-lateral rays run close together and parallel throughout most of their extent, but their tips diverge distally. The postero-lateral ray diverges from the medio- lateral, curving posteriorly, so that its tip is not far from the tip of the externo-dorsal ray. The externo-dorsal ray is very thin, the thickest rays being the medio-lateral and externo-lateral. The dorsal ray originates as a thick stem, which bifurcates to form two long branches, which are cleft near their ends to form two small branches. Between the main bifurcation and the origin of the ray the main stem sends out two small posteriorly directed spurs. The bursa forms, usually, a small dorsal lobe and two large lateral lobes. Type-species.—H eligmosomum costellatwm (Dujardin, 1845) Rail- het and Henry, 1909a. This genus was proposed by Railliet and Henry by the designation of Strongylus costellatus Dujardin, 1845, as type-species. No generic diagnosis was given and as the species is nowhere adequately de- scribed and nowhere figured, the present writer was unable to de- termine the basis on which the genus was proposed or the probable generic characteristics. The included species are also so poorly described and the existing figures so contradictory that little light was obtained by an examination of these. A request for material of the type or included species was made to Professor Railliet by Dr. B. H. Ransom, noting the fact that the generic characteristics were not evident from the published descriptions of these species. In 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. reply Professor Railliet stated that he - was unable to locate any material of the species in question, but that the species was created to replace Metastrongylus Molin, 1861a. Professor Railliet called attention to the fact that in his generic diagnosis of A/etastrongylus, Molin (1861@) gives as a leading feature the presence of one ovary and uterus in the female, and that Stiles and Hassall (1905) in selecting a type-species of d/etastrongylus selected Metastrongylus paradoxus, on the ground that it was the common and available species, overlooking the fact that Railliet (1893) had already pointed out that Molin was in error in stating that J/. paradoxus had but a single ovary. The generic characters being fixed by the type-species, it becomes necessary to create a new genus for the forms with a single ovary which Molin had in mind in creating the genus Metastron- gylus. With this explanation available it is readily evident that the new genus is quite important, so much so that Travassos has very properly made it the type of a new subfamily. Type-species.—Heligmosomum costellatum (Dujardin, 1845) Rail- liet and Henry, 1909a. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF HELIGMOSOMUM 1. Males over 10’ mm. and females over 15 mm. long. Heligmosomum costellatum, p. 150. Males less than 10 mm. and females less than 15 mm. long________________._ 2. . Males not over 2.25 mm. long; females less than 2.5 mnt. long. Heligmosomum minutum, p. 151. Males over 2.25 mm.; females 2.5 mm. long or longer_-_----___________=_ oe 38. Males over 5 mm. ne: females over § mm. long; with large cervical alae. Heligmosomum gracile, p. 153. Males not over 5 mm, long; females not over 8 mm. long; or larger forms withoutacervicalval aes = 28s: 8008 ee a ee eee 4, 4, Males 4.5 to 5 mm. long; females 6.4 to 8 mm. long; spicules 600 to 675 uw long. Fei mosomuln laeve, p. 158. Males not over 3.5 mm. long; females not over 4.87 mm. long; spicules less thans580nlonge. 28s ee ee ee ee 5. 5. Males 2.6 to 2.8 mm. long and females 3.5 mm. long; spicules 550 to 560. u VON e8 eee eee e e e Heligmosomum braziliense, p. 154. Males 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long and females 3.44 to 4.87 mm. long; spicules 360 Vato 440 uo longo ator a RET Deer iss Heligmosomum vexillatum, p. 155. The principal tangible differences in the descriptions of species of Heligmosomum are in regard to size, and these differences have been used in the foregoing key. If the published figures of the bursae were used, it is doubiful whether the species would appear to have any- thing like generic relation. to HELIGMOSOMUM COSTELLATUM (Dujardin, 1845) Railliet and Henry, rg09a. Synonyms.—Strongylus costellatus Dujardin, 1845; Metastrongy- lus costellatus (Dujardin, 1845) Molin, 1861a; Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin, 1845, of Stossich, 1899. et oe ee No. 2181. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 151 Specific diagnosis —Heligmosomum (p. 149): Body red, filiform, curved in an arc, somewhat narrowed anteriorly. Cuticle bears two opposed ridges er prominent lines from which regular folds originate on each side and pass obliquely to the rear, like ribs. Cuticle trans- versely striate. Head obtuse, 66 » in- diameter exclusive of the sur- rounding cuticular expansion, and 100 » in diameter inclusive of the surrounding cuticular expansion. Mouth round. Esophagus muscular and club-shaped. Male 11 mm. long and 170 » thick. Ratio of length to width, 65:1. Bursa 310 » long, composed of two large lobes, each supported by four rays (?), and more or less enrolled on one another. Two nar- row spicules 930 p» long. Female 16.8 mm. long and 250 » thick in the middle and 207 p thick in the rear. Tail narrowing, conical, acute, not mucronate. Anus 100 » from the tip of the tail. Vulva 630 » from the tip of the tail. Uterus provided with muscular ovijector. Eggs 100 to 110 » long. fHost.—Microtus arvalis (Arvicola arvalis). Location—Intestine and in tubercles in the stomach. Locality—France (Rennes). The above very inadequate description is from Dujardin (1845), and although this is the type-species of the genus, no better de- scriptions and no figures whatever appear to be in existence. This is an example of the difficulties resulting from the proposal of genera by the designation of a type-species without the statement of the generic characteristics. As already noted, both things should be expected of present-day workers. i HELIGMOSOMUM MINUTUM (Dujardin, 1845) Railliet and Henry, rg909a. Synonyms.—Strongylus minutus Dujardin, 1845; MWetastrongylus minutus Molin, 1861a. . Specific diagnosis —Heligmosomum (p. 149): Body filiform, red- dish, recurved in an are. Two membranous alae, 10 » wide and striated transversely. These striations are less distinct on the cuticle where they occur at intervals of 14.5 ». The head is alate, abruptly narrowed and obtuse. It is 23 y thick exclusive of the alae, and is 35 p thick inclusive of the alae. The cervical alae are separated from the body alae by an incision at one point. Male 2.25 mm. long and 51 to 70 uw thick inclusive of the alae. The ratio of length to thickness is 32:1. The bursa is 90 p long and 157 p wide and is widely opened. It is formed of a double rounded lobe supported by two simple rays posteriorly and by two rays with five digitations laterally. The two filiform spicules are 265 p» long. Female 2.4 mm. long and a little thicker than the male. Ratio of length to thickness is 34:1. The tail is narrow, conoid, and obtuse. 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Anus is 110 » from the tip of the tail. The prominent vulva is situ- ated immediately in front of the anus. The single uterus is pro- vided with muscular ovijector. Eggs 90 by 75 » in diameter, rela- tively large and variable in size. Hosts —Microtus arvalis (Arvicola arvalis), Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus), Pitymys subterraneus (Arvicola subterraneus). Location.—Small intestine. Locality—F rance (Rennes). The above description is from Dujardin (1845). Von Linstow (1882) describes and figures what he regards as the same species collected from Talpa europaea. The differences in the two descriptions seem to the present writer to hardly warrant combining them, especially in view of the different hosts. Linstow’s male is only 990 » long and 46 » wide. The cuticle is very thick and has peculiar transverse folds which form several longitudinal rows on the body. ‘The intestinal wall is filled with refractive nuclei. I have commented on this finding in the dis- cussion of Leligmosomum vexillatum. The bursa has two lobes defined by the narrow dorsal ray which bifurcates near its distal extremity to form a fork in- Fig. 199.—Hxticmosomum mixutum. closing the shallow middorsal incision of Tutingen. Aeren YON Linsow, th© bursa (fig: 199)!"The three lateral 1882. [PRoBaBLY Not H. minuTuM rays and the latero-ventral ray form a Sack Rg akon As divergent system of thick rays. The somewhat narrower ventro-ventral ray curves posteriorly away from the latero-ventral. The narrow externo-dorsal rays lie a little nearer the externo-lateral rays than to the dorsal rays. The spicules are 197 » long, filiform, and united at the tip. The male is spirally rolled and invisible to the naked eye. It is, according to von Linstow, the smallest of all known strongyles. Tt appears, then, that von Linstow’s male specimens were less than half the length of Dujardin’s, whereas the spicules in the latter case, instead of being more than twice as long were roughly 35 per cent longer. In view of this and the difference in host animals, it seems more likely that comparative study would show von Linstow’s species to be a new one than that the two species would prove to be identical. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 153 HELIGMOSOMUM GRACILE (F. S. Leuckart, 1842) Railliet and Henry, 1g909u. Synonyms.—Strongylus gracilis F. 8. Leuckart, 1842; Meta- strongylus gracilis (F. S. Leuckart, 1842) Molin, 186la; Strongylus myoxi Rudolphi, 1819, cf Diesing, 1851, and Stossich, 1899. Specific diagnosis —Heligmosomum (p. 149): Body whitish brown, thinning anteriorly. Head small, elongate, and obtuse. Mouth simple and orbicular. Two large cervical alae present. Male 6 to 7mm. long. Large campanulate bursa, slightly incised on the dorsal border, and with small rays. Spicules long and filiform, Female 9 mm. long. Body thickens posteriorly and terminates in a conical mucronate point. Host.—Glis glis (Myoxus glis). Location.—Intestine. Localities —Germany (Freiburg), Austria (Trieste), Italy (Pisa). This worm was originally described under the specific name used here by Leuckart. Dujardin has quoted Leuckart’s description with the comment that it is very probably identical with some one of the species made by him (Dujardin), i. e., one of the species now trans- ferred to the genera Heligmosomum and Viannaia as 7. costellatum, H. laeve, H. minutum, and V. polygyra. At the same time Dujardin did not go farther in attempting to identify Leuckart’s species with any one of these, and there seems to be nothing to be gained by sup- pressing what may prove to be a good species on the strength of a casual opinion. Strongylus myoxvi Rudolphi,. 1819, has never been described and must be regarded as a nomen nudum, since there are at least two species of Heligmosomum, H. gracile and H. laeve, described from species formerly referred to the genus J/yorus. Stossich (1899), however, regards Strongylus gracilis and Meta- strongylus gracilis as synonyms of Strongylus myoxi, but does not discuss the point. HELIGMOSOMUM LAEVE (Dujardin, 1845) Railliet and Henry, 1909. Synonyms.—Strongylus laevis Dujardin, 1845; Metastrongylus laevis (Dujardin, 1845) Molin, 186la,; Strongylus polygyrus Du- jardin, 1845, of Stossich, 1899. Specific diagnosis —Heligmosomum (p. 149): Body filiform, red- dish, shghtly attenuate anteriorly, more or less enrolled, but not in a permanent manner. Cuticle slightly striate transversely at inter- vals of less than 2 ». Two lateral lines or crests are visible at times. Head thinned, obtuse, 38 » in diameter, exclusive of the surrounding vesicular cuticle, and 60 yw in diameter, inclusive of the vesicular cuticle. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Male 4.5 mm. long and 109 p thick. Ratio of length to width, 48:1. Bursa often outspread, 200 » long and 400 » wide, and sustained by six or seven rays. Two filiform spicules 600 p» long. Female 6.4 mm. long by 115 p» thick anteriorly and 118 p thick pos- teriorly. Ratio of length to thickness, 53-56:1. Tail thin, conical, truncate, mucronate, or terminating in a narrow point, and 23 yp long. Anus 102 » from the tip of the tail. Vulva is 380 » from the tip of the tail. The single uterus is provided with a muscular ovijector. Eggs 72 to 74 » long. | Hosts —Pitymys subterraneus (Arvicola subterraneus), Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus), HKliomys querinus (Myoxus nitella), Dipodillus campestris (Dipodilla campestris). Location.—Intestine. Localities —France (Rennes), Algeria (high plateaus). It is evident from the above description of the female that Du- jardin does not regard the length of the tail and the distance from the anus to the tip of the tail as the same thing. Unless the tail is defined as the portion of the body posterior of the anus, it would seem requisite that some landmark be furnished for the anterior boundary in order to make records of tail lengths of any use. LH, laeve is recorded from Dipodillus campestris (Dipodilla cam- pestris) in Algeria by Seurat (1914e). Since the foregoing was written, a paper by Seurat (19157), giving an extended description of this species, has come to hand. Some of the features of his description are: There are 14 longitudinal crests along the body; the esophagus is short, 420 to 500 » long; the male is 5 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 130 pw; the spicules are 675 p. long and united at their distal extremity; the gubernaculum is asym- metrical, being prolonged anteriorly on the left side; the female is. 6.5 to 8 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 150 p, and forms a spiral of 9 turns when removed from the host; caudal extremity of female conical and at times invaginated; the anus is 80 yp. from the tip of the tail and the vulva is 70 p. anterior of the anus; there is a short cuticular vagina and a simple genital tube; the eggs have a thin shell and are ovoid, 77 p by 42 to 45 yp in diameter, segmenting when ovi- posited. Seurat notes that there are some differences between his measurements and those of Dujardin. He gives an extended descrip- tion of the female genitalia and some good figures. HELIGMOSOMUM BRAZILIENSE Travassos, 1914). Specific diagnosis —Heligmosomum (p. 149): Body red... Cuticle with transverse striations and with prominent longitudinal mark- ings. The esophagus is sinuous and is 280 » long. Head slightly dilated. No. 2181. NEMATODE: PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 155 Male 2.6 to 2.8 mm. long and 90 to 100 » thick. The large bursa is trilobed, and the posterior lobe is very small. The ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays are divergent, and the medio-lateral and externo-lateral rays.are divergent. The dorsal ray terminates in four digitations. The spicules are long and filiform, with a sinuous distal ex- tremity. Female 3.5 mm. long and 1380 p thick. The posterior extremity is truncate. The anus is about 71 » from the tip of the tail. The vulva is about 140 » from the tip of the tail. The single uterus contains nu- merous ellipsoidal eggs. The eggs are 63 by 28 » in diameter. Host.—E pimys norvegicus (Mus decu- manus ). Location—Small intestine. Locality.—Rio de Janeiro, Manguinhos, Brazil. Life history.—Unknown. The statements regarding the rays as given above are to be regarded as the present writer’s interpretation of Tra- vassos’s statements. It isgreatly tobe de- yr¢. 200—Heuemosomum vexn- sired that every ray in the strongyle bursa ‘ATUM. ANTERIOR EXTREMITY : : . ° OF FEMALE. ENLARGED. be referred to specifically in descriptions rather than that some of them be considered as individual rays which branch. The dorsal ray may be treated as an exception to this, but it is very confusing to treat the ventral rays and combinations of the lateral rays as one ray. e HELIGMOSOMUM VEXILLATUM Hall, 1916, new species. Specific diagnosis—Heligmosomum (p. 149): Lips indistinct. Cuticle of head very slightly dilated. Cuticle with very fine and close, but very distinct transverse striation. A number of wavy cuticular markings, possibly 8 or 10 in number, formed by a sort of permanent cuticular folding, originate at the head and continue for some distance back (fig. 200), the distance in some females being as much as 500 ». Two of these pennantlike markings, from which the species takes its name, seem to be constant and more prominent than the others. The other markings are not always evident. In- testinal cells contain small amounts of refractive granules distributed throughout the entire length of the intestine. 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Male 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long, with a maximum thickness of about 80 p (fig. 201). Head about 25 » in diameter. Esophagus frequently bent Fig. 201.—HELIGMOSOMUM Fig. 202.—H ELIGMOSOMUM VEXILLATUM. BURSA, DORSAL VEXILLATUM. MALE. VIEW. or sinuous to some extent and about 250 pw long and 30 y» thick near the posterior end in a small specimen. The nerve ring is about 110 p from the anterior end of the body. The intestine is straight. The bursa is set on at approximately right angles to the long axis of the body and has a spread width equal to more than three times the maxi- mum thickness of the body (fig. 202). The body terminates pos- teriorly in a cone which projects ventral of the bursa (fig. 203). The arrangement of the bursal rays is that given in the generic diag- nosis. The tips of the externo- dorsal and postero-lateral rays are fairly close together; at an interval from this are the medio-lateral and externo-lateral rays, with their tips not so close together; and at a less interval is the latero-ventral ray, Fia. 203.—HELIGMOSOMUM VEXILLATUM. Pos- fs c . . TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL VIEW. with its tip still farther removed d., DORSAL LOBE AND RAY; ¢. d., EXTERNO- from the ventro-ventral ray than DORSAL RAY; é. l., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAY; 1. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; m.J., MEDIO- WaS the case with the two pre- LATERAL RAY; 7. l., POSTERO-LATERAL RAY; ceding related pairs. The dorsal v. v., VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. ENLARGED. ray is about 65 pw long and the spurs nearest the proximal end originate about one-third of the dis- tance from the base to the ends of the ray. The main branches NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 157 originate about two-thirds of this distance. The bursal areas between the rays are marked with irregular maculae, following in a general way the contour lines of the rays. This marking results in a certain opacity, with the result that the rays commonly appear as light lines against a darker and more opaque background, contrary to the usual condition in the strongyle bursa, where the rays are usually more opaque than the bursal membrane. The simple, filiform spicules are 360 to 440 p» long. Female 3.44 to 4.37 mm. long and with a maximum thickness of about 90 pp. The head diameter is about 25 ». Esophagus is 275 to 290 uw long, with a maximum thick- ness of about 30 ». Nerve ring about 110 pw from the anterior end of the body. The intestine is straight. The rectum is a nar- row cylindrical to elongate conical struc- ture about 25 » long. The anus is 34 to 42 pw from the tip of the tail. The tail is coni- cal and shows the transverse striation prominently. The vulva is 122 to 127 p from the tip of the tail (fig. 204), and on the dorsal side opposite the vulva is often a projecting cuticular structure. The ovi- 7 204 Bencwosomum vexte jectors are not well preserved in my mate- ‘Sa Serato rial, and I am unable to give any details of structure. The single uterus has few eggs, commonly three to nine, in it. The eggs are oval, about 70 by 32 » in diameter. Host.—Thomomys fossor. Location.—Small intestine. Locality —Livermore (Larimer County), Colorado. The refractive granules in the intestinal wall are evidently similar to the rhabditin described by Cobb (1914) from Rhabditis monhys- tera and to the refractive nuclei found by von Linstow (i882) in what he regards as Heligmosomum minutum. It is interesting to note that all these species are forms with one ovary and that Leuckart has established the presence of the rhabditiform embryo for a species of Heligmosomum. It suggests that the presence of the interesting nutritional granules studied by Cobb will probably be demonstrated in a much larger number of allied parasitic and nonparasitic forms on further investigation. Type material._N o. 16142, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal Industry helminthological collection). 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. I am indebted for this material also to the kindness of Mr. E. R. Warren. The worms were collected from host material collected by him and preserved in alcohol. Genus VIANNAIA Travassos, 1914). Synonyins.—Strongylus Mueller, 1780, part; Aletastrongylus Mo- lin, 1861a, part; Weligmosomum Railliet and Henry, 1909a, part. Generic diagnosis —Heligmosominae(p. 148) : Body strongly rolled in a spiral, with slight transverse striations and without evident lon- gitudinal striations. Cuticle enormously thickened, especially in the male. Spicules short; gubernaculum present or absent, and only slightly visible when present. Vulva only slightly anterior of the anus. Ovijector well developed. Single uterus and ovary. In small intestine of rodents and marsupials. Type-species.—Viannaia viannai Travassos, 19146. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF VIANNATA, t= awWorms less than 3, mmilonges es ieee Viannaia hydrocheri, p. 158. Worms''6) mm: long orylonger. 2 eee Viannaia polygyra, p. 158. VIANNAIA HYDROCHERI Travassos, 19140. Specific diagnosis.—Viannaia (p. 158): Body red and rolled in a spiral. Cuticle very thick. Esophagus claviform and 310 » long. Male 2.3 to 2.4 mm. long and 150 » thick. Large bursa with well ceveloped lateral lobes. Ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays di- vergent and medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays divergent. Dor- sal ray branches dichotomously. Spicules characteristic, of about the same size, 170 to 180 p» long, but slightly differing in shape; no gubernaculum. Female 1.9 mm. long and 120 » thick. Vulva 71 » from the tip of the tail. A single uterus with few eggs; eggs 42 to 49 » by 28 to 35 p in diameter. Host—lHydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Iydrocherus capibara). Location.—Small intestine. Locality —Estado do Rio, Angra dos Reis, Brazil. Life history—Unknown. Tt would have been better if Travassos had elaborated or illustrated his statement that the spicules are characteristic. VIANNAIA POLYGYRA (Dujardin, 1845) Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin, 1845; IMetastrongy- lus polygyrus Dujardin (1845) Molin, 1861a; Strongylus spirogyrus ee No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 159 Leuckart, 1867; Strongylus laevis Dujardin, 1845, of Stossich, 1899; Strongylus costellatus Dujardin, 1845, of Stossich, 1899; Heligmoso- mum polygyrum (Dujardin, 1845) Raillet and Henry, 1909a. Specific diagnosis —Viannaia (p. 158): Body red, filiform, thin- ning anteriorly and tightly rolled into a spiral of 6 to 18 turns, impossible to straighten without breaking. Cuticle finely striated longitudinally and transversely, the transverse striation being the more distinct and spaced at intervals of 20 to 22 p. The head is nar- row and obtuse and has a diameter, inclusive of its vesicular swelling, of 45 to 55 p. Male 6 to 7.2 mm. long and 90 » thick. Ratio of length to thick- bess 80:1. Body rolled in a spiral of five to six turns. Head 24 » in diameter exclusive of vesicular swelling, and 42 » in diameter in- clusive of swelling. Bursa 300 » long and 250 » wide, formed of two large lobes more or less enrolled. Two filiform spicules 580 » long. Female 10 to 13 mm. long and 95 to 105 » thick near the middle, 130 to 140 » thick posteriorly in the region of the uterus. Ratio of length to thickness 120:1. Body rolledin 10 to 18 spiral turns. Head 27 to 32 w in diameter exclusive of vesicular swelling, and 55 » in diameter inclusive of swelling. Tail 20 » long, thin, conical, diaphan- ous, truncated, and terminating abruptly in a narrow point. Anus 75 » from the tip of the tail. Vulva 300 » from the tip of the tail. The single uterus is provided with a muscular ovijector. Eggs 66 by 62 » in diameter. Hosts—Microtus arvalis (Arvicola arvalis), Apodemus sylvati- cus (Mus sylvaticus). Location.—Intestine, at times in pedunculated cysts on the ex- ternal aspect of the intestinal wall. Locality. — France. Travassos (19146) states that this species should be transferred to his new genus Viannata and it is here transferred to that genus, principally on the authority of Travassos, who has had material representative of both genera and is in a better position to judge where Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin belongs than I am. At the same time the available descriptions of Dujardin’s species are not sufficiently detailed to warrant the assertion in this paper that 'Tra- vassos is right. Von Linstow (18784 and 1879) has described a parasite, which he determined as Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin, from Arvicola campestris, but the worm as described and figured differs so much from Strongylus polygyrus and the other species now assigned to the genera Heligmosomum and Viannaia, and from any other proposed genera known to me, that I have transferred it to the new genus Heligmosomoides. 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. Leuckart (1867) records some investigations into the life history of what he calls “ Str. spirogyrus der Waldenmiuse,” apparently an unconscious substitution for Str. polygyrus. He finds that this spe- cies has a rhabditiform embryo. The embryos develop in two to three days and measure 500 » in length. The tooth apparatus is weak, so that it is easily overlooked, and exists for only a short time. Possibly correlated with this is the fact that the animal grows only a little during its free existence. In spite of this it remains alive 8 to 12 weeks in saliva. The attempt to bring about the further evolu- tion of the worm in its host, the wood mouse, gave what Leuckart regarded as a doubtful result. Fourteen days after feeding to a mouse, the mouse was found to contain an extraordinary number of these parasites, but these, if not completely grown, were yet of such considerable size, 8 to 10 mm., that without a control experiment he does not feel warranted in referring them to the feeding. It seems likely, nevertheless, that the feeding was successful. Tt will be noted that in this species, as in //. laeve, Dujardin does not regard the length of the tail and the distance from the anus to the tip of the tail as identical. HELIGMOSOMOIDES Hall, 1916, new genus. Generic diagnosis —Heligmoso- minae(p. 148) : Body commonly coiled in a spiral. Male with filiform spic- ules. Bursa with broad, shallow dor- Fig. 205.—HELIGMOSOMOIDES LINSTOWI. sal incision. Ventro-ventral and lat- Bursa. ENLARGED. AFTER von Lin- ero-ventral rays divergent, from a peo age common trunk, the latero-ventral ray broad and presenting the appearance of a double ray. The lateral rays arise from a common trunk and are divergent (fig. 205). There are two dorsal rays with separate origins, their tips located close to the tips of the postero-lateral rays. Between the dorsal rays and posterior of the cloaca are 14 small raylike struc- tures terminating in pa- pillae (fig. 206). Two well-developed prebursal papillae present. The bursa is set on at right Fic. 206.—HELIGMOSOMOIDES LINSTOWI. BURSA. ENLARGED. angles to the long axis of AFTER VON LINsTOW, 1879. the worm. The vulva is near the head. One ovary. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 161 Type-species.—IT eligmosomoides linstowt Hall, 1916. I am not sure that my interpretation of von Linstow’s figures of the bursa is correct. The figures present some peculiarities. HELIGMOSOMOIDES LINSTOWI Hall, 1916, new name. Synonym.—sStrongylus polygyrus Dujardin, 1845, of von Lin- stow, 1878) and 1879a. Specific diagnosis.—lecligmosomoides (p. 169): Worm, reddish, spirally coiled. Mouth aperture triangular with four circumoral papillae. Cuticle dilated about head and with 16 longitudinal stria- tions, in part wavy, along body. Transverse stria- tions present and spaced at about the same interval as the longitudinal. Male 4mm. long and 78 p thick. The bursa structure is that given in the generic diagnosis. The spicules are 540 p» long. Female 7.2 mm. long and 96 » thick. The anus is 98 p from the tip of the tail, the tail ending in a fine terminal point 16 » long. The vulva is anterior, 240 py from the anterior end. The vagina is 720 p long and is directed posteriorly (presumably). le joins ae Fic. 207.—HELIGMOSOMOIDES muioee TiN Teowt: ovijector 180 p» long (fig. LINSTOWI. VAGINA AND EMBRYO. ENLARGED. 207i). At the anterior end OVIJECTOR. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LINSTOW, sete : AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1882. 1882. of this is a spherical body. Anterior of the latter is a muscular uterus 180 » long and anterior of this is the ovary. The eggs are 75 by 43 p» in diameter. Life history—tIn eggs placed in moist earth embryos (fig. 208) develop in eight days. The embryo is 310 p» long and 23 4 thick. The mouth has two conical projections and the tail is awl-shaped. The esophagus is 1/2.4 and the tail 1/4.7 of the total body length. Host.—Microtus arvalis (Arvicola campestris). Location.—Intestine, partly in saclike depressions apparently caused by the worm. Locality.—Germany. 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16 A Besar LAE; ne” tL 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 50. This species is described by von Linstow (1878) and 1879a) as Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin, but unless the figures of other spe- cies are misleading in conveying the idea that there is one branching dorsal ray, or unless von Linstow has erred in figuring his material as having two dorsal rays and in stating that the vulva is anterior, we are bound to conclude that von Linstow’s species is not even con- generic with Dujardin’s. On the available evidence, I have regarded his species as new and erected a new genus for it. His terminology in regard to the female genitalia is not in accordance with present- day terminology and I have altered it accordingly in the above diagnosis. He also makes the statement that the spherical body an- terior of the uterus is composed of unicellular glands which empty their secretion into the lumen. While this may be correct, it might also be noted that a somewhat spherical muscular structure is a common feature of the ends of the ovijectors. Family METASTRONGYLIDAE Leiper, 1908. Family diagnosis—Strongyloidea (p. 106): Polymyarian. Buccal capsule present or absent. Bursa present or absent; when present, frequently atypical in structure and number of rays. Oviparous, with eggs in variable stages of segmentation when oviposited, or viviparous. Embryo not rhabditiform. Usually in respiratory and circulatory systems, rarely in digestive system. Type-genus.—M etastrongylus Molin, 1861a. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF METASTRONGYLIDAE. 1 Buccal capsule absent.-= 2-5 eee ee Metastrongylinae, p. 162. S1ccale capsule: Presents a ee ee ee ae Se ee 2. 2. Bursa much reduced or lacking; when present, with few and atypical rays. IMWOs OV ETLOS = 254 okie ate ee ee ee 28 ee Rictulariinae, p. 168. Bursa well developed, with typical rays. One ovary__-~-~ Ollulaninae, p. 177. Subfamily MBETASTRONGYLINAHE Leiper, 1908. Subfamily diagnosis.—Metastrongylidae (p. 162): Buccal capsule absent. Male with two equal spicules and female with two ovaries. Eggs in varying stages of development when oviposited. Embryo not rhabditiform. Parasitic in the respiratory and circulatory systems. Type-genus.—M etastrongylus Molin, 18614. The life history in this group is not as yet very well ascertained. Romanovitch and Slavine (1914) state that when eggs of Dictyocaulus filaria are placed in water, embryos form, two ecdyses follow, the cuticle being retained, and that such encapsuled larvae produce No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 163 infection with the adult worm when fed to sheep. This points to a direct development without intermediate host for the worms in this group. The fact that lungworms have been found in newborn ani- mals and in the fetus, suggests that the life history is not entirely a sunple one. Genus SYNTHETOCAULUS Railliet and Henry, 1907. Syonym.—Strongylus Mueller, 1780, part, of authors. Generic diagnosis—Metastrongylinae (p. 162): Body capillary. Mouth with three lips. Posterior extremity of the body of the male reinforced by a chitinous are. Bursa with the ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays close together and parallel, and with the medio- lateral and postero-lateral rays close together and parallel. The dorsal rays are united in a thick trunk of quite disproportionate size. Two punctate, striate, or pectinate spicules, slightly bent. Between the spicules and at some distance anterior of the bursa is an unpaired chitinous accessory structure forming an angle open to the rear. ‘In the bursa region are two paired chitinous accessory structures, elon- gate and approximately parallel. Vulva a little in front of the anus. Uteri convergent. [Eggs without a trace of segmentation when ovi- posited. Embryo with a tail prolonged by an undulate appendix. Ty pe-species.—S ynthetocaulaus pulmonalis (Froelich, 1802) Hall, 1916. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF SYNTHETOCAULUS. 1. Parallel accessory organs of male 83 » long__Synthetocaulus pulmonalis, p. 163. Parallel accessory organs of male 50 » long___Synthetocaulus rufescens, p. 166. SYNTHETOCAULUS PULMONALIS (Froelich, 1802) Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—Filaria pulmonalis Froelich, 1802; Strongylus retortae- jormis major Rudolphi, 1819; Wilaria leporis pulmonalis Rudolphi, 1819; Capillaria pulmonalis Rudolphi, 1819; Strongylus commutatus Diesing, 1851; Filaria leporis pulmonalis Froelich, 1802, of Diesing, 1851; Trichosomum leporis Dujardin, 1845, of Diesing, 18513; 7'richo- somum leporis (pulmonale) Diesing of Diesing, 1851; Filaria termi- nalis Passerini, 1884; Synthetocaulus commutatus (Diesing, 1851) Railliet and Henry, 1907. Specifie diagnosis —Synthetocaulus (p.163): Body filiform. weetee: the nerve ring. NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 173 RICTULARIA COLORADENSIS Hall, 1916, new species. ; Specific diagnosis —Rictularia (p. 168): Male 3 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 250 uw. Dorso- ventral head diameter at the base of the buccal capsule about 70 p. Esophagus 875 » long. Nerve ring 100 » from the anterior end of the body. The cuticle is transversely striate, forming annuli 7 to 16 » wide. Stria- tions are not visible posterior of the cloacal aperture. There are 42 pairs of combs (fig. 224), extending from the head almost to the cloacal aperture, the line of combs being continued pos- teriorly by a low cuticular ridge. The first comb ante- riorly is 16 p, distinctly less than its own length, posterior of the base of the buccal cap- sule. The maximum size-is at- tained by the posterior combs vhich are about 75 p long and 48 » high. There are no mid- ventral fans in the posterior re- gion, such as are observed in species of Rictularia from car- nivores. There is no bursa. The cloacal aperture is sit- Tia. 224.—RIcTULARIA COLORADENSIS. MALE. uated on an elevation and is 165 » from the tip of the blunt, conical tail (fig. 225). There is a papilla in the median line on the anterior slope of the ele- vation bearing the cloacal ey aper ture. Immediately Pia, 225.—RICTULARIA COLORADENSIS. POSTERIOR anterior of this is 2 pair EXTREMITY OF MALE, ENLARGED. of papillae. Another papilla is in the median line on the pos- terior slope of the elevation bearing the cloacal aperture. An- other pair is just posterior of this. Two more pairs are located 174 ’ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. not far anterior of the tip of the tail. The spicules are unequal, slightly curved, the right one 145 » long and the left one 180 p long, measured in a straight line from tip to tip. The maximum thickness is 18 to 16 ». The mouth has the structure characteristic of the genus, but few details are visible in the specimen available. Two large and prominent teeth, one dorsal and one ventral of the esophageal lumen, are visible in a latero-dorsal view of the head (fig. 226). These teeth are continuous with the other chitinous structures of the mouth capsule and are borne on the chitinous plate which makes up the base of the capsule and is itself a continuation of the walls of the capsule. There is apparently another tooth on each side of the large ventral tooth. Fic, 226.—Ricrutarta corora- Lhe mouth aperture DENSIS. LATERO-DORSAL jg surrounded by a VIEW OF HEAD OF MALE, . corona radiata, a small circlet of denticles. Only the ventral head papillae are visible in the available specimen. Female, estimated length about 9 to 10 mm., based on an incomplete specimen 8.463 mm. long with the posterior extremity miss- ing. Maximum thickness 360 ». Thickness at vulva 270 p. Head 120 » in diameter at the base of the buccal capsule. Esophagus 1.5 mm. long. Nerve ring 250 » from the anterior end of the body. Vulva opposite posterior end of esophagus and therefore 1.5 mm. from anterior end of body; between the thirty-first and thirty-second comb (fig. 297). The transition from combs to spines is fairly distinct, but by no means abrupt. There are three combs posterior of the vulva, i) making a total of 34 combs. The post- ~ Xomm. vulvar combs are of a transitional type, com- We. 227.—Ricrutarta corora- bining the length of a comb with the sharp Hey eee eer point of a spine. The anterior end of the first comb in the head region extends anterior of the base of the buccal capsule. There are 30 spines of a fairly uniform type following the combs, but as the specimen is incomplete posteriorly this does not represent the total number present in this species. The combs attain a maximum height of about 42 p. The No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 1715 spines attain a maximum length of about 75 » from the anterior portion of the base to the end of the posteriorly directed tip. The transverse cuticular striations are 5 to 11 » wide over most of the body, but on the outside of a curve they may be extended to 30 » or more. ‘The eggs are about 388 by 22 p» in diameter and contain a well-developed embryo when oviposited. There are two chiti- nous cutting plates borne on the base of the buccal capsule and situated one on each side of the esophageal opening (fig. 228). The lateral and dorsal head papillae are visible in the available specimen, but the ventral are not. ost.—Eutamias quadrivittatus. Location—Small intestine (male) and stomach (female). a : re Giese , Locality.— Pagosa Springs, Colo- Fic. 228.—RICTULAKIA COLORADENSIS. rado. ANTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, n. T., NERVE RING. Type-specimens.—No. 16569, U. S. N. M. (Bureau of Animal Industry helminthological collection). I am indebted for this material, as for cther material acknowl- edged elsewhere, to the courtesy of Mr. E. R. Warren, of Colorado Springs, who turned over to me the host material, preserved in alcohol, from Ses the worms were collected. : RICTULARIOIDES Hall a. - 1916, new genus. Fa. 229.—RICTULARIOIDES AMPHIACANTHUM. S ynonym.—Rictularia Froelich, HEAD OF FEMALE, a, LATERAL VIEW; b, VIEW P FROM THE FRONT. ENLARGED. Arter Dies. 1802, of authors, part; Ophiosto- BHP TES: mum Creplin, 1839, part. Generic diagnosis.—Rictulariinae (p. 168): Head with four pro- Jecting apices united by chitinous membranes to form two equal lips (fig. 229). Female with three series of simple, posteriorly directed hooks along the body. Male unknown. Type-species—Rictularioides amphiacanthum (Diesing, 1851) Hall, 1916. RICTULARIOIDES AMPHIACANTHUM (Diesing, 1851) Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—O phiostomum amphiacanthum Diesing, 1851; Rectu- laria amphiacanthum (Diesing, 1851) von Drasche, 1882. Specific diagnosis.—ictularioides (p. 175): 176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Male unknown. Female 8 to 11.5 mm. long and 1 mm. thick. Body attenuate ante- riorly and very much thicker posteriorly (fig. 280). The posterior extremity of the body terminates in a long, rounded, mucronate tip 230. 232. 233, Figs. 230-233.—RICTULARIOIDES AMPHIACANTHUM. 230, FEMALE. a, NATURAL SIZE; b, ENLARGED; c, PORTION OF BODY. AFTER DIESING, 1857. 231, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. ENLARGED. AFTER DIESING, 1857. 232, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, SHOWING 3 ROWS OF SPINES. ENLARGED AFTER DIESING, 1857. 233, PROFILE VIEW OF CUTICULAR SPINES. ENLARGED. AFTER DIESING, 1897. (fig. 231). The cuticle bears three longitudinal series (fig. 282) of strong, posteriorly directed hooks (fig. 233). Host.—Oxymycterus rufus (Lenvmus dasytrichus). Location.—Small intestine. Locality —Ytareré, Brazil. Jiigerskidld (1909) has noted that if Diesing’s descriptions and fig- ures are correct, this species can not remain in the genus Rictularia. In view of the fact that Diesing (1857) has revised his description to cover the presence of three rows of hooks instead of two, and in view of the fact that von Drasche (1882) has examined the speci- mens and found no changes in the description necessary, it seems de- No. 2131: NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 161 Ty pe-species.—IT eligmosomoides linstowi Hall, 1916. I am not sure that my interpretation of von Linstow’s figures of the bursa is correct. The figures present some peculiarities. HELIGMOSOMOIDES LINSTOWI Hall, 1916, new name. Synonym.—Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin, 1845, of von Lin- stow, 18786 and 1879a. Specifie diagnosis —Heligmosomoides (p. 160): Worm, reddish, spirally coiled. Mouth aperture triangular with four circumoral papillae. Cuticle dilated about head and with 16 longitudinal stria- tions, in part wavy, along body. Transverse stria- tions present and spaced at about the same interval as the longitudinal. Mate 4 mm. long and 78 p thick. The bursa structure is that given in the generic diagnosis. ‘The spicules are 540 » long. Female 7.2 mm. long and 96 » thick. The anus is 98 p from the tip of the tail, the tail ending in a fine terminal point 16 » long. The vulva is anterior, 240 pw from the anterior end. The vagina is 720 » long and is directed posteriorly ipresunaably jou am Fig. 207.—HELIGMOSOMOIDES TT ee ee ovijector 180 pe long (fig. LINSTOWI. VAGINA AND EMBRYO. ENLARGED. 207). At the anterior end Aes See sel a WON ee of this is a spherical body. Anterior of the latter is a muscular uterus 180 » long and anterior of this is the ovary. The eggs are 75 by 43 » in diameter. Life history—tIn eggs placed in moist earth embryos (fig. 208) develop in eight days. The embryo is 310 » long and 28 yp thick. The mouth has two conical projections and the tail is awl-shaped. The esophagus is 1/2.4 and the tail 1/47 of the total body length. Host—Microtus arvalis (Arvicola campestris). Location.—Intestine, partly in saclike depressions apparently caused by the worm. Locality Germany. 10600°—Proce.N.M.vol.50—16——11 162 PROOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. * VOL. 50. This species is described by von Linstow (18785 and 1879a) as Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin, but unless the figures of other spe- cies are misleading in conveying the idea that there is one branching dorsal ray, or unless von Linstow has erred in figuring his material as having two dorsal rays and in stating that the vulva is anterior, we are bound to conclude that von Linstow’s species is not even con- generic with Dujardin’s. On the available evidence, I have regarded his species as new and erected a new genus for it. His terminology in regard to the female genitalia is not in accordance with present- day terminology and I have altered it accordingly in the above diagnosis. He also makes the statement that the spherical body an- terior of the uterus is composed of unicellular glands which empty their secretion into the Jumen. While this may be correct, it might also be noted that a somewhat spherical muscular structure is a common feature of the ends of the ovijectors. Family METASTRONGYLIDAE Leiper, 1908. Family diagnosis—Strongyloidea (p. 106): Polymyarian. Buccal capsule present or absent. Bursa present or absent; when present, frequently atypical in structure and number of rays. Oviparous, with eggs in variable stages of segmentation when oviposited, or viviparous. Embryo not rhabditiform. Usually in respiratory and circulatory systems, rarely in digestive system. Type-genus.—M etastrongylus Molin, 1861a. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF METASTRONGYLIDAE. ue Buccal cCapsulesabsent= 2.5 Sh ae Se Metastrongylinae, p. 162. Buceal: capsule present. 2222" Se So Se ee ee ee ee 2: 2. Bursa much reduced or lacking; when present, with few and atypical rays. FIO) e OM ELT LS Se se os EI erie et oe Rictulariinae, p. 168. Bursa well developed, with typical rays. One ovary___-~- Ollulaninae, p. 177. Subfamily MHTASTRONGYLINAE Leiper, 1908. Subfamily diagnosis—Metastrongylidae (p. 162): Buccal capsule absent. Male with two equal spicules and female with two ovaries. Eggs in varying stages of development when oviposited. Embryo not rhabditiform. Parasitic in the respiratory and circulatory systems. Type-genus.—M etastrongylus Molin, 1861a. The life history in this group is not as yet very well ascertained. Romanovitch and Slavine (1914) state that when eggs of Dictyocaulus filaria are placed in water, embryos form, two ecdyses follow, the cuticle being retained, and that such encapsuled larvae produce NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 163 infection with the adult worm when fed to sheep. This points to a direct development without intermediate host for the worms in this group. The fact that lungworms have been found in newborn ani- mals and in the fetus, suggests that the life history is not entirely a simple one. Genus SYNTHETOCAULUS Railliet and Henry, 1907. Syonym.—Strongylus Mueller, 1780, part, of authors. Generic diagnosis —Metastrongylinae (p. 162): Body capillary. Mouth with three lips. Posterior extremity of the body of the male reinforced by a chitinous are. Bursa with the ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays close together and parallel, and with the medio- lateral and postero-lateral rays close together and parallel. The dorsal rays are united in a thick trunk of quite disproportionate size. Two punctate, striate, or pectinate spicules, slightly bent. Between the spicules and at some distance anterior of the bursa is an unpaired chitinous accessory structure forming an angle open to the rear. In the bursa region are two paired chitinous accessory structures, elon- gate and approximately parallel. Vulva a little in front of the anus. Uteri convergent. [Eggs without a trace of segmentation when ovi- posited. Embryo with a tail prolonged by an undulate appendix. Type-species.—Synthetocaulaus pulmonalis (Froelich, 1802) Hall, 1916. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF SYNTHETOCAULUS. 1. Parallel accessory organs of male 83 « long__Synthetocaulus pulmonalis, p. 163. Parallel accessory organs of male 50 » long___Synthetocaulus rufescens, p. 166. SYNTHETOCAULUS PULMONALIS (Froelich, 1802) Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—f ilaria pulmonalis Froelich, 1802 ; Strongylus retortae- jormis major Rudolphi, 1819; Filaria leporis pulmonalis Rudolphi, 1819; Capillaria pulmonalis Rudolphi, 1819; Strongylus commutatus Diesing, 1851; Filaria leporis pulmonalis Froelich, 1802, of Diesing, 1851; Prichosomum leporis Dujardin, 1845, of Diesing, 1851; Tricho- somum leporis (pulmonale) Diesing of Diesing, 1851; Filaria termi- nalis Passerini, 1884; Synthetocaulus commutatus (Diesing, 1851) Railliet and Henry, 1907. Specific diagnosis—Synthetocaulus (p.163): Body filiform. Fi@. 245.—FILARIA SCAPICEPS. Pos- TERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. TERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. v., VULVA; vag.,VAGINA. smootn, and devoid of appendages (fig. 245). The anus is subter- minal. Coils of ovary and oviduct extend anterior of the vulva and posteriorly to near the anus. The vulva (fig. 246) is 1.255 to 1.8 mm. from the anterior extremity. From it a long narrow vagina extends posteriorly in loops; this at times forms a dilation 345 » long near the vulva. The embryos are very long and filiform. Hosts—Sylvilagus floridanus alacer, Sylvilagus floridanus mal- lurus (Lepus sylvaticus), Lepus campestris. Location Subcutaneous and under the muscular fasciae. Locality—United States (Sulphur, Oklahoma; ? Pennsylvania). While the locality for Leidy’s specimens is not given, it is likely that they were collected in Pennsylvania, or at least in the United NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 187 States. Specimens from Oklahoma are in the material collected by Mr. Douthitt. I have tentatively assumed that a cottontail from Sul- phur, Oklahoma, would be S. 7. alacer. The specimens from Lepus campestris were determined by Stiles and Hassall, but there is no data as to the geographic locality. FILARIA MURICOLA (von Linstow, 1905) Hall, 19:6. Synonym—s piroptera muricola von Linstow, 1905. Specific diagnosis—Filaria (p. 179): Male not known as adult. Female not known as adult. Larva 26 mm. long and 590 p» thick. The head end is bluntly flat- tened and bears four small papillae in a circle. The esophagus is one-eleventh of the entire length and is surrounded by the nerve ring 350 » from the anterior extremity. The very short tail end is rounded and bears a very small fingerform projection. The tail is one two- hundred-and-twenty-first of the entire body length. The poly- myarlan musculature is powerfully developed and fills the body cav- ity to such an extent that it borders on the esophagus and intestine medially. The lateral lines comprise one-seventeenth of the entire circumference and are separated, as usual, by the musculature. These lateral lines are wedge-shaped in cross section. The dorsal and ventral lines are feebly developed. Sex organs are not present. Host —E pimys surifer (Mus surifer). Location.—Subcutaneous connective tissue of the feet. Locality —Siam. There is nothing in this description to warrant the belief that this species belongs in the genus Spiropiera as generally understood, even leaving out of consideration the fact that Spiroptera is a synonym of Acuaria. On the other hand, the location of the parasite in sub- cutaneous tissue points to its being a /ilaria, a supposition that is not discordant with the description. The species has therefore been transferred to that genus. FILARIA LEPORIS Gmelin, 1790. Synonym.—F ilaria leporis (subcutanea) Rudolphi of Molin, 18580. Specific diagnosis—lilaria (p. 179): None given. Host.—Lepus timidus. Location —Lumbar region. Locality.— Southern Russia. Gmelin did not describe this species and other writers, noting the species, have merely cited Gmelin. The name is therefore a nomen nudum. 188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. FILARIA species Morgan, 1868. Specific diagnosis —Filaria (p. 179): Long, slender white worms 76 to 127 mm. long. Host—Castor fiber. Location.—Peritoneal cavity. Locality — United States (Michigan ?). In his work on the American beaver, Morgan (1868) states: “Large numbers of a long, slender white worm, 3’’ to 5’’ in length, were found in the peritoneal cavity (/’dlaria, species not known).” The size and site suggest that this worm belongs in the genus Setaria. Cobbold (1879) says this and other worms from the beaver, noted in Morgan’s paper, were collected by Doctor Ely. I can not find that this was the case. Collective genus MICROFILARIA Shipley and Fearnsides, 1906. Generic diagnosis —Filariinae (p. 179): Larval filariae circulating in the blood. This is a collective group and hence does not have a type species. I am not certain as to the author of the group name. It has been credited to Magalhaes (1878), but he uses the term “ micro-filarias ” and does not use it generically. It has also been credited to Manson (1880), but he uses the form “ micro-Filariae.” ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF MICROFILARIA, 1. With a thick sheath or capsule. In Nyctomys species. Microfilaria plimmeri, p. 189. Without arthick.sheathior Gap sulci este ae ae ee oe ee eee De 2. Well described species from Citellus beecheyi____Microfilaria rosenawi, p. 188. Undescribed or little description; not from C. beecheyt__________________ By 3. Long, pointed forms from Hrethizon_____________-_1 Microfilaria species, p. 190. HOLM ErOM VA DIUNYS iGtlUuss ee ee ee ne ee ey Filaria species, p. 190. MICROFILARIA ROSENAUI McCoy, rort1. Specific diagnosis —Microfilaria (p. 188) : 170 to 250 » long (aver- age 220 ») and 5.5 to 7» thick. No sheath present (fig. 247). The head is cylindrical, tapering to a flattened anterior extremity; the portion devoid of nuclei is usually one and a half times the diameter of the worm in length. The tail makes up about a fourth of the length of the body, and tapers gently to a rather sharp point. Cu- ticle with very fine transverse striations. Inside of the body is a column of nuclei more or less completely interrupted by several clear spaces. The nuclei are of two varieties: Numerous spherical nuclei, staining uniformly and deeply; and less numerous nuclei, slightly larger, not so regular in outline and not staining so deeply. The No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 189 head of the worm constitutes one of the clear spaces free from nuclei; one-fourth to one-sixth of the distance from the head to the tail is another clear space; two-thirds of the distance from the head to the tail is another clear space containing very few nuclei; and near the tail, three-fourths to seven-eighths of the distance from the head, is another. These four clear spaces are practically constant; others are sometimes present. The clear space two-thirds of the dis- tance from the head to the tail—the third from the head of the constant clear spaces—usually con- tains a large number of fine granules. There are usually a few fine granules near the extreme front of the head—the first clear space—and a small number are often found in the tail. Occasionally these granules are found elsewhere. The terminal nuclei in the tail are usually oval, their long axis parallel to that of the worm. [Tost.—Citellus beecheyt. Location.—Blood. Locality —California (all parts east of the Sierrra Nevada Mountains between Mexico and the Sacramento River). McCoy states that this parasite was found in about 5 per cent of all host animals examined, but the search for the adult worm was unsuccessful. It apparently exerted no pathological influence of any consequence on its host, as no deleterious effects were noted. The thickness of the parasite is said to be a little less than that of the red blood corpuscles of the host. MICROFILARIA PLIMMERI Hall, 1916, new name. Specific diagnosis —Microfilaria (p.188) : Short, with a thick capsule. Fic. 247.—Micrormaria Host.—N yctomys species. ENS le pees Location.—Blood. at Locality —London (host animal from Central America), Under the caption “ Embryo filariae found in the blood of mam- mals,” Plimmer (1918) notes the South American night-mouse as one host. This has been placed here in the collective genus Micro- filaria, and in view of the fact that this is a collective genus made up of generally unassignable species, I have ventured to attach a specific name to Plimmer’s scanty description. I am reluctant to name 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. poorly described species, but it occasionally seems desirable to have some brief way of designating such a record. MICROFILARIA species Hall, 1916. Specific diagnosis.—M icrofilaria (p. 188) : Long, pointed. Host.—KErethizon dorsatum. Location.—Blood. Locality —London Zoological Gardens. Plimmer’s (1915) record: See comment under Yélaria subcutanea. FILARIA species Davaine, 1860, of von Linstow, 1889. Specific diagnosis —F iliform animalcules. Host —Epimys rattus (Mus rattus) (von Linstow erroneously says Jus decumanus). Location.—Blood. Locality.—F rance. Chaussat (1850) has a record of the finding of filiform animalcules in the blood of the black rat (Afus rattus). These were present in some rats in large numbers. It appears to me lkely that this is the rather common 7'rypanosoma lewisi. Family SPIRURIDAE Oerley, 1885a. Synonyms.—Spiruroidea Railhet and Henry, 1915; Spirurata Descazeaux, 1915. Family diagnosis.—Filarioidea (p. 178): Mouth with two lips; or without lips in forms where vulva is near posterior extremity of body. Male with posterior extremity of body commonly expanded and alate. Female with vulva usually in middle portion of body, exceptionally near the posterior extremity as noted above. Raillet and Henry (1915) treat this as a superfamily, the Spiruroidea. Ty pe-genus.—S pirura K. Blanchard, 1849. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF SPIRURIDAE. 1. Undescribed or inadequately described species____Subfamily uncertain, p. 220. Deseribed@species:and: @eneral ores — 5) kee ee es ee eee ee Qe 2. Mouth without lips; vulva near posterior extremity___Gongyloneminae, p. 190. Mouth with 2 lips; vulva remote from extremities of body_______________ 3. 38. Pharynx strengthened by cuticular rings or spirals______ Arduenninae, p. 218. Pharynx without cuticular rings or spirals__-__-___+_____ Spirurinae, p. 199. GONGYLONEMINA®E Hall, 1916, new subfamily. Subfamily diagnosis —Spiruridae (p. 190): Body long and fili- form. Anterior portion of body ornamented with cuticular bosses. In the median lines, immediately behind the mouth, are two semi- lunar depressions simulating suckers. The vulva of female is situ- ated a short distance anterior of the anus. Ty pe-genus.—Gongylonema Molin, 1857. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 191 The life history and the site of infestation in the primary host clearly relate this subfamily to the Spiruridae rather than to the Filariidae, in spite of the absence of lips. Seurat (1914e, 19147) regards Gongylonema as a lateral branch of the Spiruridae arising from Protospirura. Genus GONGYLONEMA, Molin, 1837. Synonyms.—filaria Mueller, 1787; Spiroptera Rudolphi, 1819; Myzomimus Stiles, 1892. Generic diagnosis—Gongyloneminae (p. 190): Body filiform, shghtly attenuated toward the two extremities. Cuticle transversely striated. Mouth small, elongated dorso-ventrally, and surrounded by six small papillae. eiteriec portion of body provided with lon- gitudinal rows of cuticular bosses. Immediately behind the mouth there is a dorsal and a ventral semilunar depression, simulating a sucker. The esophagus consists of two distinct portions, a slender anterior portion and a thicker posterior portion. The tail of the male is curved ventrally and provided with two asymmetrical alae supported by elongated, claviform papillae, mostly arranged in pairs. Vulva of female a short distance in front of anus. Eggs ellipsoidal, containing well-developed embryos when oviposited. Ty pe-species —Gongylonema musculi (Rudolphi, 1819) Neumann, 1894. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF GONGYLONEMA, 1. Undescribed and dubious forms____--_______ Gongylonema (2?) species, p. 198. Described and recognizable. forms. =~ ee a 2. Males Jess than 10 mm. long and with 14 pairs of caudal papillae; females lessathiane 25> mms: lone ees See ee Gongylonema musculi, p. 191. Males more than 10 mm. long and with not more than 12 pairs of caudal papillae: females more: than’ 50 mm. long 2-2 a ae 3. Males with 8 pairs of caudal papillae______ Gongylonema neoplasticum, p. 193. Males with 12 pairs of caudal papillae.__..Gongylonema brevispiculum, p. 197. GONGYLONEMA MUSCULI (Rudolphi, 1819) Neumann, 1894. Synonyms.—Filaria musculi Rudolphi, 1819; Gongylonema mini- mum Molin, 1857. Specific diagnosis.—G ongylonema (p.191): Mouth orbicular. An- terior portion of body provided with cuticular bosses. Male 8.8 mm. long. Anterior extremity attenuate and provided with small cuticular bosses (fig. 248). Posterior extremity curved, slightly attenuated; the ventral surface forms a large elliptical de- pression (fig. 249). There is a well-developed bursal membrane. Fourteen pairs of clavate papillae, of which 10 are preanal and 4 postanal. There are two spicules. 192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. Female 17.5 to 21.6 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 154 p. Anterior extremity attenuate and provided with large cuticular bosses (fig. 250). Posterior extremity bent and abruptly attenuated. The anus is near the posterior extremity of the body (fig. 251). The vulva is in the posterior portion of the body but at some distance from the anus. Eggs elliptical, 45 pe long and 22 to 23 p, thick. ITost.—Mus musculus. Location.—Liver and on exter- nal walls of stomach. Locality.— Austria. Dujardin (1845) notes a speci- Yj ZS OTIS wey 251. ENLARGED. AFTER 248. 249, 250. Figs. 248-251.—-GONGYLONEMA MUSCULI. 248, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. MOLIN, 1857. 249, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. ENLARGED. AFTER MOLIN, 1857. 250, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. ENLARGED. AFTER MOLIN, 1857. 251, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE ENLARGED. AFTER MOLIN, 1857. men from Vienna, from which the maximum length and the thickness noted above are taken, as having two cervical alae. This would sug- gest that he was not dealing with Gongylonema. This species, the type of the genus, is unfortunately not very well known. Dujardin states that only 2 mice were found infested in 1,264 examined. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 193 GONGYLONEMA NEOPLASTICUM (Fibiger and Ditlevsen, 1914) Ransom and Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—Spiroptera species Fibiger, 1913; Spiroptera neoplas- tica Fibiger and Ditlevsen, 1914; Spiroptera (Gongylonema) neo- plastica Fibiger and Ditlevsen, 1914. Specific diagnosis.—Gongylonema (p.191) : The anterior extremity of the body terminates in a blunt cone, the taper beginning at the excretory pore. The cuticle is finely striated transversely at inter- vals of 6 to 12 w. Anteriorly, in the vicinity of the proximal portion of the esophagus, the annulations disappear and are replaced by large vesicular bosses, more or less globular, egg-shaped or sausage- shaped, of very variable size. Mouth has the shape of an equilateral triangle, but is without lips. Papillae inconspicuous. No cervical papillae observed. Lateral bands distinct, of almost uniform thick- ness, diminishing in size anteriorly and disappearing posteriorly in the anal region. The excretory pore is in the median line on the ventral surface, halfway between the nerve ring and the union of the two halves of the esophagus. Posterior of the mouth is a short pharynx with a thin chitinous lining. The esophagus is in two parts. The anterior portion is short and slender and passes abruptly into the posterior portion, which is much longer and thicker. This portion is about twice as thick as the anterior portion and is of fairly uniform diameter, only increasing slightly in the most poste- rior portion. In optical section the nerve ring shows a granular central portion surrounded by a homogenous coat and with spurs of sarcoplasma extending from the body musculature to the nerve ring. The esophagus is separated from the chyle intestine by a con- striction, but the chitinous lining is traceable somewhat farther dewn the intestine. As far down as this lining extends, the intestine shows faint transverse striations, possibly due to muscular tissue. Poste- rior of this are intestinal valves, sometimes showing arrangement in two rows. The chyle intestine is about as thick as the anterior por- tion of the esophagus. The rectum is narrower. The anal muscula- ture is well developed. Mate 15 to 20 mm. long and 110 to 130 » thick. Cuticle 6 » thick. The esophagus is one-fourth of the entire length. The nerve ring is 45 » in diameter in a male 15 mm. long. The tail is spirally twisted. The average sized bursa is 462 », long with a maximum width of 170 p. The bursa (fig. 252) is asymmetrical, one side being a third shorter than the other and is elongate oval with a distinct constriction in the middle, more pronounced on the longer side and placed more poste- riorly on the shorter side. The lower convexity is more distinct on the shorter side. The bursa narrows rapidly toward the tip of the 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16 13 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. tail, enlarges a little just anterior of the most posterior papillae, and then forms a small round ligulate tip extending 14 p beyond the posterior extremity of the body proper. There are eight pairs of fungiform caudal papillae, asymmetrically placed. The four pairs of preanal papillae are the larger, being 20 » long, while of the four pairs of postanal papillae those nearer the cloacal aperture are the largest, and they decrease in size posteriorly, those near the tail being 10 » long. The spicules are very dissimilar. The short one is 93 p long and the long one 528 » long, or almost six times as long as the short one. In profile the short one is sword-shaped with a rounded point. It attains its maxi- mum thickness of 9 » at the proximal ex- tremity. From here it curves in an even taper toward the tip. It is striated trans- versely and appears to be hollow through- out. Viewed dorso-ventrally, it appears to be thickest in the middle. The long spicule is of uniform thickness throughout except for a slight dilatation at the proximal end. The dilated tip is surrounded by a mem- branous bulb. The long spicule is com- monly found protruded to half its length, the protruded distal portion being bent at right angles to the proximal portion. Each spicule is surrounded by a sheath, the sur- face of which is apparently chitinous and marked with fine maculae, apparently due to depressions. A third piece of sheathing, TG, 252—GONGYLONEMA NEO- Jarger and thicker walled, lies between the PLASTICUM. POSTERIOR EX- . ° TREMITY OF MALE, veNtran SpPicules near the distal end of the small view. ENLARGED. AFTER gpicule, and apparently supports the entire FIBIGER AND DITLEVSEN, 1914. rm : structure and holds the two spicules at a fixed distance. Broad muscular bands originate near the anus and extend dorso-ventrally and anteriorly or posteriorly on each side of the rectum and ductus ejaculatorius. The single testis extends straight almost to the proximal end of the esophagus, where it turns and extends parallel to its former course for a short distance, some- times turning anteriorly again. It terminates in a retortaeform ex- pansion. Posteriorly the testis joins the narrow vas deferens, about 70 p long, and this joins a dilated vesicula seminalis, a little more than 1 mm. long and often full of spermatozoa. This is continued posteriorly as the short ductus ejaculatoris. The spermatozoa are small regular globular cells. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 195 Female 60 to 80 mm. long and 170 to 326 py thick. Cuticle 9 to i2 p, thick. Lateral lines 120 » wide. Pharynx 53 » long and 20 » thick in a60 mm. long specimen. The esophagus is one-ninth of the entire length of the worm. The vulva is near the posterior extremity, at a distance of one-eighth to one-tenth of the body length, and is not prominent. The vagina extends anteriorly from the vulva for a short distance and the uteri are divergent. The anterior uterus be- comes the receptaculum seminis near the posterior extremity of the esophagus and the posterior uterus becomes the receptaculum seminis posterior of the vulva. Each uterus communicates with a short \3 curved oviduct and these in turn with the ovaries. 3 The initial portion of the anterior ovary is directed A posteriorly and the initial portion of the posterior ovary is directed anteriorly. The ovaries are very much looped, the long axis of the loops paralleling that of the body. Eggs are regularly ovoid, with a maximum size of about 60 by 40 » in diameter. In optical section they are somewhat thickened at the poles, with a line of distinct demarcation between the thinner shell in the middle of the egg and the thicker shell at the poles. Eggs always contain em- bryos when oviposited. The embryo is thickest at the anterior end and diminishes in size evenly to the posterior end. Life history —Egegs passing from the female into the host epithelium around the worm are passed out in desquamation of the epithelium. They may be left in moist feces half a year without alteration. If y.¢ 053-Goncvto- fed to certain insects (Periplaneta americana, Peri- S®MA Neorzasti- planeta orientalis, Blatta (Ectobia) germanica, ov oe moiARYA FROM PROTHORAX Tenebrio molitor) or ingested naturally by these in- oF Prrrrranrra sects, the embryos escape from the eggs, the thick- co ae ened polar portions of the shells being removed under = F1cer anv Drt- the action of the digestive fluids. This embryo is 250 aie p-long and 13 » thick, with the cuticle somewhat thickened anteriorly and with no internal differentiation. The day after feeding, these embryos and the empty shells are found in the intestine. The next day neither are found, and the subsequent wanderings or location of the worms is not known until they are found encapsuled in the musculature of the prothorax and of the limbs of the insect about 20 days later. The capsule is not very prominent. The larvae are coiled in a spiral, usually with the tail in the center and the head at the periph- ery. This larva is 792 p to 1.215 mm. long and rather slender. It 196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. tapers only slightly toward the anterior end and attenuates abruptly behind the anus to form the conical tail (fig. 253). The shape and appearance of the anterior extremity is similar to that of the adult worm. The tail often terminates in two papillalike projections of variable size. Occasionally there are three, or there may be a wing-shaped prominence with fringed or serrate edges. The pharynx is relatively longer than in the adult worm and has rela- tively thicker chitinous lining. The esophagus is about as long as the intestine, or even somewhat shorter, and has the two-part struc- ture of the adult worm. For a time the anterior portion of the body and the esophagus grow faster than the posterior portion and the intestine. Later the growth rates are reversed. The nerve ring is distinct and the excretory pore is halfway between the nerve ring and the union of the two portions of the esophagus. The primor- dium of the genitalia appears as a small egg-shaped body, consist- ing of a number of cells or a syncytium with several nuclei, located near the region where the vulva will later develop in the female. When cockroaches containing encysted larvae are fed to primary host animals, all of which are rodents, the larvae will be found to have entered the mucous membrane on the following day. They invade the mucosa of the stomach and not infrequently that of the esophagus and tongue. In the next 10 days they grow slowly and only double their length. Then they grow more rapidly and in a few weeks are ten times as long as an encysted larva. At the end of the first 10 days the larva has a tail identical with that of the adult. About this time a molt occurs and the resultant larva has a simple tail. After two months females begin to pass eggs. In rodents these worms set up marked pathological alterations. These begin as a circumscribed or diffuse hypertrophy of the mucosa, go on to the formation of papilloma, and terminate in carcinoma with occasional metastases. Hosis—E pimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus), Epimys rattus (Mus rattus), Mus musculus, Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cunicu- lus), Cavia porcellus (Cavia cobaya). Location.—The squamous-celled anterior portion of the digestive tract. Localities —Denmark, Danish West Indies. This worm is of very considerable interest from zoological and medical standpoints. Tt is quite possible that Seurat (1914¢) has described this species from Dipodillus campestris under the name of Gongylonema brevis- piculum, a possibility which is commented on at length in the follow- ing notes on that species. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 197 GONGYLONEMA BREVISPICULUM Seurat, 1grqe. Specific diagnosis—Gongylonema (p. 191): The mouth is situated in the center of a disk which projects slightly (fig. 254); the buccal cavity is shallow. The cuticle is finely striated at intervals of 10 ». There are 4 rows of bosses on the dorsal and 4 on the ventral surface. There are 2 lat- eral alae, originating about 210 » from the anterior end of the body and not extending beyond the region of the bosses. Immediately anterior of these alae are the 2 precervical (cervical) papillae. The excretory pore opens on the ventral surface in the posterior third of the interval from the nerve ring to the in- ferior limit of the muscular esophagus. There is an a. 100 au Fig, 255.—GONGYLONEMA BREVI- SPICULUM. @, POSTERIOR EX- TREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL VIEW; 6, RIGHT SPICULE AND GU- BERNACULUM, DORSAL VIEW. AFTER SEURAT, 1914. : ; Fria, 254,—GONGy- unpaired dorsal papilla 2 tonema Breve : a : SPICULUM. AN- mim, posterior Of the termil= jaa. peaeee nation of the esophagus. wy. Entarcep, The nerve ring is located aa nes at two-fifths of the distance from the anterior to the posterior end of the esophagus. Male 17 mm. Jong with a maximum thickness of 190 ». Lateral alae originate 175 p» from the anterior end of the body. Buceal cavity 35 » long (?). Muscular esophagus 530 p» long; ‘total length of esophagus one-fourth of entire body length. The short tail is not straight but is shghtly bent to the left (fig. 255). The cloacal aperture is 180 » from the posterior end of the body. The caudal alae are well devel- oped and slightly unequal; the left one is the longer, 480 » long; the right one is 420 »w long. There are 6 pairs of preanal pa- pillae, all stalked, and 4 pairs of stalked and 2 of sessile postanal papillae, the latter very small and located near the tip of the tail close to the apertures of the caudal glands. The spicules are very unequal; the filiform left spicule is 660 » long, and the short thick right spicule is 85 yu long and 18 yw thick. The gorgeret (gubernaculum) is asymmetrical, being prolonged posteriorly on the left side to form an elongated branch. 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. Female 70 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 336 yp. The buc- cal cavity is 50» long (?). The muscular esophagus is 870 pw long; the total length of the esophagus is one-ninth of the bedy length. The tail is very short and conical, with the orifices of the caudal glands near its extremity. The vulva is in the posterior portion of the bedy, about 8 mm. anterior of the anus. The ovijector is characterized by a vestibule and a sphincter forming a cylindrical tube 1 mm. long and lined with a thick cuticle (fig. 256). This is followed by a musculo-epithelial tube 16.3 mm. long, which extends anteriorly and divides into two divergent branches. The eggs have a thick shell, 42 » long by 25 » wide, and contain an embryo when ovi- posited. wn Host.—Dipodillus campestris (Dipodilla cam- Ss pestris). = Location.—Cardiac region of the stomach, in the mucosa. Locality —Bou Saida, Algeria. The principal, and almost the only feature, which distinguishes this species from Gongy- lonema neoplasticum is the presence of addi- tional caudal papillae in the male. The posterior extremity of G. neoplasticum is figured with the bend to the left, which also occurs in G. brevispic- ulum. It appears quite possible that Fibiger and Ditlevsen (1914), in their excellent study of G. neoplasticum, may have overlooked some papillae, and that a restudy will show that G. brevispicu- Meryl, AMEN HT 3 lum must be regarded as a synonym of G. neo- xEMA BREvispicu- plasticum. Until this point has been determined LuM. Vagiva AND it will be safer to retain the two species, keeping OVISECTOR. 1, UNION. : “Leys : : cr Two Portions or In mind the possibility that they are identical. ovuEctor. AFTER ‘The fact that G. neoplasticum has been devel- SEURAT, 1914. g ° : oped in such hosts as the rat, rabbit, and guinea pig, one of which is a notorious wanderer and cosmopolite, speaks for their identity in connection with their other features in common. GONGYLONEMA (?) species Hall, 1916. Specific diagnosis —Gongylonema (%) (p. 191): Very fine fila- mentous worms, 8.4 em. long. Host.—Castor fiber. Location.—Stomach. Locality.— United, States (Michigan ?). Morgan (1868), in his work on the American beaver, states in a footnote on page 73: “In the stomach of the beaver I kave found ee ee ee eee ee eS No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 199 a very fine filamentous worm 40 ’’’ in length, species unknown.” The fact that this worm was very fine, 34 inches long, and located in the stomach, suggests that it might be a species of Gongylonema. G. neoplasticum is found in the stomach in rodents, and Gongylonema verrucosum occurs in the stomach in sheep and zebu, either free or embedded in the gastric mucosa. The fact that the worm was fila- mentous argues against the idea that it was an ascarid in a situation in which these worms not infrequently occur, while its presence in the stomach bespeaks its relation with the Filaricidea. Without caring to make more than a tentative assignment, the evidence suggests that the worm belongs in Gongylonema. (See comment on Filaria spe- cies Morgan, 1868.) Subfamily SPIRURINAF Railliet, 1915, Synonym.—Physalopterinae Railliet and Henry, 1912a, in part. Subfamily diagnosis.—Spiruridae (p. 190): Females with two uteri and with vulva in the middle portion of body, not close to anterior or posterior extremities. Pharynx without cuticular rings or spirals. Type-genus.—S pirura E. Blanchard, 1849. ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF SPIRURINAE. 1. Male with a circumscribing bursa continuous anteriorly, and with 2 pairs of preanal and 2 pairs of postanal stalked papillae______ Physaloptera, p. 212. Male without a bursa continuous anteriorly, and not with 2 pairs of preanal and 2 pairs of postanal stalked papillae_.._=-...-.=.-.-. = == ee 2. Mouth with 2 small integral lips without teeth_______________ Spirura, p. 199. Mouth with 2 large lips divided into 8 distinct lobes and provided with TSX SE) Oy pO a Ne i Protospirura, p. 208. Genus SPIRURA E. Blanchard, 1849. Synonym.—sS piroptera Rudolphi, 1819, of authors. Generic diagnosis—Spirurinae (p. 199) : Two lips, usually bearing two papillae each, and not bearing teeth. Mouth straight and limited by a chitinous ring. Esophagus long and cylindrical. Body of mod- erate size, attenuated toward the anterior extremity. Spicules un- equal. Bursa present, but not continuous anteriorly across the ven- tral surface. Vulva anterior or posterior of middle of body. Two uteri. Type-species.—S pirura talpae (Gmelin, 1790) E. Blanchard, 1849. SPIRURA TALPAE (Gmelin, 1790) E. Blanchard, 1849. Synonyms.—Ascaris talpae Gmelin, 1790; Ascaris strumosa Froelich, 1791; Fusaria convoluta Zeder, 1803; Spiroptera strumosa (Froelich, 1791) Rudolphi, 1819; Filaria rytipleurites Deslong- 200 PROCEEDINGS OF PHE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. champs, 1824; Filaria convoluta (Zeder, 1803) Molin, 1858); Pilaria strumosa (Froelich, 1791) Stossich, 1897; Filaria rytipleures Seurat, Todt. Specific diagnosis.—Spirura (p. 199): Posterior portion of body decidedly thicker than anterior portion (fig. 257). Cuticle densely striated transversely. At a dis- tance one-seventh to one-twelfth of the total body length from the an- terior end is a prominent cuticular boss or struma. The anterior ex- tremity is bluntly rounded. Mouth with two rather inconspicuous lips (fig. 258), each bear- ing three papillae. Esophagus narrow and cylindrical, one- fifth as long as body. Male 10 to 20 mm. long and 250 p thick 257. 258. behind the boss and Fics. 257,258.—SPIRURA TALPAE. 257, WORMS ATTACHED TO MU- 360 pb thick posteriorly cosA. ENLARGED. AFTER NITZSCH, 1829. 258, ANTERIOR EX- , é TREMITY, LATERAL Virw. ENLARGED. AFTER Nitzscn, 1829. im specimens 15 mm. long. The head is 70 pin diameter and the mouth 40 » in diameter. The esophagusis1/3.8 as long as the body. The tail is 600 » long and terminates obtusely (fig. 259). It bears two bursal alae. There are four pairs of preanal papillae and five pairs of postanal papillae, of which the last two pairs are close to the posterior extremity. There is an unpaired papilla anterior of the cloacal aperture. The long spicule is 530 p long and 18 » thick; it is tubular, obtuse and re- curved almost in a circle. The short spicule is 400 » long, ensiform, divided longitudinally by a thickened median keel and expanded laterally in two transversely striated membranous alae. Female 20 to 32 mm. long and 300 » thick be- hind the boss (fig. 260) and 620 » thick poste- d : nate : ; Fia. 259.—SPIRURA TALPAE. riorly. The head is 109 » in diameter and the posreriorexremrry oF mouth 58 » in diameter. The esophagus is one- MAX. ENLARGED. Ar fifth as long as the body. The posterior extremity ve of the body is conical with an obtuse termination, the conical portion being concave ventrally and the anus situated at the anterior extremity of the concavity (fig. 261). The vulva is about five-eighths of the body length from the anterior ex- tremity, or about 11.8 mm. from the posterior extremity in no. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 201 large specimens. It is a large conspicuous transverse aperture limited by prominent lips. From this a short vagina extends to the infundibuliform ovijector, which has a muscular wall and a chitinous lining (fig. 262). The part nearest the vagina is the vesti- bule and the part most remote is the sphincter. The chitinous lining of the sphincter is in folds, forming oblique valves on the wall. The free extremity of the valves is directed toward the vulva and the vestibule, so that eggs may pass from the common trunk of the uterus 260. 262. Fics. 260-262.—SPIRURA TALPAE. 260, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY, SHOWING BOSS OR STRUMA. ENLARGED. AFTER NITZSCH, 1829. 261, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. ENLARGED, AFTER NITZSCH, 1829. 262, a, OVIJECTOR; 6, SPHINCTER OF OVIJECTOR. AFTER SEURAT, 1912a. into the vestibule and out, but not back. The common trunk of the uterus is a short tube, which promptly divides to form the two divergent uteri. The eggs are roundly elliptical and are 48 to 52 p long by 36 to 38 ». thick. They are 10 to 30 in number. Life history—Kgegs from this worm, if ingested by cockroaches, develop to larvae which are found encysted in the body cavity in lenticular capsules attaining a size of 2 by 3 mm. in diameter, the cysts forming from the epithelium of the tracheae. The cyst is formed of two separable membranes, the external fibrous, the in- ternal structureless. The larva lies folded on itself inside of the 902 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. latter and is 15 mm. long. The characteristic boss shows as a cutic- ular fold 1.5 mm. from the anterior end on the ventral surface. Also in the midventral line, and 270 p from the anterior end, is the open- ing of a unicellular gland which lies against the esophagus. The mouth has two lips, each bearing two small papillae at its base. The vestibule is 50 » long. The esophagus is half as long as the entire body and has a trihe- dral lumen. Its ante- rior muscular part is very short, 252 » long. It ends just behind the excretory pore and is surrounded by the nerve ring near its , middle. The intestine is black. The rectum is short. The space be- tween the rectum and the body wall is full of large round cells with conspicuous nuclei. Seurat (1911) has found as many as 15 cysts in one cockroach. Seurat (1912a) notes that after the third larval molt, and while still in the fourth lar- Fig. 263.—SPIRURA TALPAE. MALE LARVA IN FOURTH STAGE. @, val stage, just preced- AFTER THE ADDITION OF ACETIC ACID AND SEPARATION OF CUTI- ing the adult stage, the CLE; b, BEFORE ADDITION OF ACID. AFTER SEURAT, 19120. larva grows consider- ably, develops genital organs, and after it attains a certain size secretes a new cuticle under the old and forms the male bursa, spicules, and other structures (fig. 263). When the new cuticle is stripped or separated by the use of acetic acid these structures are evident. Host—E pimys species, “ Rat” (commonly in mole). Location—Stomach (often in intestine also in usual host). Localities—France (Rennes), Germany (Greifswald, Halle), Austria (Vienna), Ireland, Italy (Padua), Brazil. This nematode is commonly reported from the mole, but Seurat (1911) states that Filaria rytipleurites Deslongchamps, found adult in the rat and with larval stages in Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana, is identical with Spirura talpae. oe ee a No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 2038 Nitzsch (1829) states that the worm is commonly found sewed in a loop through the gastric epithelium with the boss marking the point of contact for the anterior extremity, but other writers have not found this. Stossich (1897) states that the esophagus is distinctly divided into three parts, but gives no details and no one else mentions it. Could he have regarded the pharynx as one part? Genus PROTOSPIRURA Seurat, 19146. Synonym.—S piroptera Rudolphi, 1819, of authors. Generic diagnosis—sSpirurinae (p. 199): Cuticle transversely striated. No lateral alae in adult. Mouth with two large lips, each divided into one median and two lateral lobes and each lobe bearing teeth. Four head papillae, one at the base of each of the lateral lobes. Bursal alae in male. Spicules unequal. Vulva in middle or anterior portion of body. Uteri divergent. Ty pe-species. — Protospirura numidica Seurat, 19140. The only species other than the type- species included by Seurat in his new genus is What he calls Protospirura muris (Wer- ner, 1782) Seurat, 1915. I do not regard Lumbrict muris Werner as available. By some inadvertance Seurat in describing the "™*. 7 eee e eee a type-species of his new genus states that the — rumrronr. ENLARGED. AYTER cloaca opens a short distance in front of — VOX MNSTOW, 1899. the anus. It is possible that he means that the cloaca opens a short distance in front of the tail end. Tia. 264.—PROTOSPIRURA LABIO- ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF PROTOSPIRURA. 1. Maximum length of females Gver 75 mm. Eggs over 55 w long. . Protospirura ascaroidea, p. 207. Maximum length of females less than 55 mm. Eggs not over 50 uw long____ 2. 2. Eggs less than 20 w long__________ Protospirura labiodentata, p. 208. Eggs more than 40 » Jlong________-_ Protospirura muris, p. 204. Seurat (1916) adds ?. numidica from a rodent. See Addendum, page 224. PROTOSPIRURA LABIODENTATA (von Linstow, 1899) Hall, 1916. Synonym.—s piroptera labiodentata von Linstow, 1899. Specific diagnosis —Protospirura (p. 203): Mouth with 2 large lips, each divided into three lobes and each lobe bearing one large tooth and two smaller teeth (fig. 264). A papilla is situated at the base of each lobe. Male unknown. 204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50, Female 42 mm. long and 1.3 mm. thick. The esophagus is 1/8.9 of the total body length. The conical pointed tail is 1/80 of the total body length. The very thick shelled eggs are small, 15.6 » long and 6.5 p thick. Host.—Mus navalis (sic). Location.—Intestine. Locality —Ambukohl, Egypt. Von Linstow states that the host name given above is a manu- script name and not identifiable. [This might possibly have been Microtus nivalis. | PROTOSPIRURA MURIS (Gmelin, 1790) Seurat, 1915h. Synonyms.—Lumbrici muris Werner, 1782; Ascaris muris Gmelin, 1790; Ascaris obtusa Froelich, 1791; Fusaria muris (Gmelin) 1790, Zeder, 1803; Spiroptera obtusa (Froelich, 1791) Rudolphi, 1809; Filaria obtusa (Froelich, 1791) Schneider, 1866; Spiroptera (Filaria) obtusa Rudolphi of Parona, 1898; Filaria muris (Gmelin, 1790) Stossich, 1897; Spirop- tera braun von Linstow, 1897. Specific diagnosis—Protospirura (p. 208) : Rather thick worms with relatively small heads. There are two large lips deeply incised F1@. 265.—PROTOSPIRURA ; . Muris. Heap, viewrp to form six lobes arranged in two parallel rows FROMTHE FRONT. X 180 of three each (fig. 265).. When these lips are AFTER SCHNEIDER, 1866. . closed and viewed en face, the central dorsal and ventral lobes are obviously larger than the others and show in this view a rather square outline.The four other lobes are roughly conical. The two large central lobes bear on their inner faces a long central tooth and two smaller teeth on each side. These lobes terminate at the extremities of their squared distal ends in two papiuliform elevations. The four smaller lobes each bear on their inner face one long tooth and on each side of this a series of much smaller serrations. There are four large papillae, one at the base of each small lobe near its union with the large central lobe. The mouth cavity at the base of the lips opens by a wide aperture into the prominent pharynx which is heavily lined with chitin. Numerous bands suspend the pharynx from the body walls. The esophagus is long and gradually enlarges in diameter posteriorly. It has a trihedral lumen. It connects with the intestine by a valve. The cuticle is prominently marked with conspicuous transverse striations, and between the conspicuous striations are numerous fine striations. Male 14 to 28 mm. long with a maximum diameter of over 1 mm. , -” Dade eee. | =~, va >. Se NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 205 The head attains a maximum diameter of about 240 ». The pharynx is about twice as long as it is thick, attaining a length of 140 » and a lumen diameter of 70 ». The esophagus attains a length of 3.27 mm. and a maximum thickness of about 235 p. ‘The nerve ring is located far anterior on the esophagus, about 430 » from the an- terior extremity in large specimens. The excretory pore is posterior of the nerve ring and 560 » from the anterior extremity of the body. The simple intestine is straight and of fairly uniform diameter from its anterior origin to its union with the cloaca. The posterior ex- tremity of the body is coiled in a spiral and bears two bursal alae (fig. 266). The alae are weil developed and rugose, with heavy, wavy, transverse markings. The left one is much longer and wider than the right. There are four pairs of preanal papillae, of which the posterior pair are nearly opposite the cloacal aper- ture, and two pairs of postanal papillae. There is an unpaired papilla on the ante- rior edge of the cloacal aperture. The spi- cules are unequal, the right spicule being longer, thicker, and more uniform in its curvature. It attains a length of about 1.2 mm. and a thickness near its middle of 30 p. The distal extremity terminates in a blunt end beset with very small spiny processes. The left spicule has a more irregular curva- ture, tending to abrupt bends, and has a SWIC : FIG. 266.—PROTOSPIRURA MURIS. chitinous lamella. It attais a length of Bursa. x 34. AFTER . . . a sc 866. about 1 mm. and a thickness, inclusive of the — "CHNPPER 1866 lamella, of about 30 p, as in the other spicule, or of 17 » for the body of the spicule exclusive of the lamella. Both spicules have an in- fundibular dilation proximally. In the bursal region, the ventral surface of the body is marked by elongate cuticular elevations formed by longitudinal depressions cutting into the prominent transverse cuticular annulations. The tail ends bluntly. The distance from the cloacal aperture to the tip of the tail is about 690 » in large specimens. ‘The testis extends forward to a distance equal to about twice the length of the esophagus from the anterior end of the body. Female 15 to 40 mm. long with a maximum thickness of about 1.75 mm. The thick posterior portion of the body terminates in a very blunt rounded end just behind the anus, the most posterior portion being toward the dorsal surface. ‘The maximum head diam- eter is about 260 ». The esophagus attains a maximum length of about 4.3 mm., which is 1/9.3 of the total body length for the speci- 206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. . vou. 50. men, and a maximum thickness of about 450 ». It communicates with the intestine by a large valve. An occasional constriction of the intestine posterior of this valve gives rise to an appearance of the anterior intestine which simulates an esophageal bulb. The nerve ring is far forward cn the esophagus as in the male. The anus is about 520 » from the tip of the wedge-shaped dor- sal termination of the tail. The vulva is a little anterior of the middle portion of the body, and is a rather elliptical depression. From the vulva the vagina extends ii gen- eral posteriorly, though it is somewhat looped. The maximum length of the vagina and ovijectors to the bifurcation where the uterine branches originate is about 1mm. ‘The uteri are divergent. The Tia. 267.—PROTOSPIRURA MURIS. A Renin Anlenou maa SADSerlor, Uterus extends forward about to worm. Arter Leucxart, the posterior end of the esophagus. The 1876. 1 : : : elliptical eggs attain a maximum diameter of about 56 by 30 », with a shell about 4 to 5 » thick. They contain an embryo when oviposited. Life history—tLeuckart (1867) and Marchi (1871) have described the life history of this worm. The eggs in the feces of the mouse are eaten by meal worms, Z'enebrio species, and the em OS escape and make their way to the body cavity. In five weeks they develop to encapsuled larvae (fig. 267) very similar to the larvae of species of Gongylonema. Hosts —Mus musculus, Epimys norvegt- cus (Mus decumanus), Epimys rattus (Mus rattus), Epimys alexandrinus (Mus alecandrinus), Epimys siporanus (Mus siporanus), Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus). Location.—Stomach. pe : is AP Fic. 268.—PROTOSPIRURA MURIS Localities —Austria (Vienna), Galicia, [SPIROPTERA BRAUNI]. BURSA. Germany (Berlin, Breslau, Greifswald), . E*tsee=>; A vou oe z u . stow, 1897. France (Rennes), Madagascar, island of Mentawei, Brazil, Algeria, United States (Washington, District of Columbia; Idabel, Oklahoma; Colorado Springs, Colorado). This species often occurs in mice in large numbers. Cobbold (1879) states that he has seen a mouse so heavily infested that it was un- able to run. I have seen one case in which the empty stomach was distended by a number of these worms which ballooned the stomach walls as so many clock springs might have done. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALU. 207 Spiroptera brauni von Linstow, 1897 (fig. 268), has been regarded here as a synonym of Protospirura muris. ‘This species was recorded from L'pimys rattus (Mus rattus) in Madagascar. It corresponds without conflict with Protospirura muris. PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA Hall, 1916, new species. Specific diagnosis. — Proto- spirura (p. 203): Large thick worms superficially resembling ascarids. The two large lips have a heavy chitinous invest- ment and are each deeply in- cised to form three lobes. On the median face each lobe bears a series of teeth, the middle tooth in each series being the largest and most prominent (fig. 269). Oneach side of this ~Vomm™~ eS large tooth there are three or Fic. 269.—PRotosPiRURA ASCAROIDEA. Lips, is 3 VIEWED FROM THE FRONT. four smaller teeth in the mid- dle lobe of each lip and two or three on the two outer lobes of each lip. These teeth are formed by differentiation from a continuous chitinous plate which forms a cutting edge between the teeth. Individual teeth may be notched to form secondary denticles. There are four large papillae, one at the base of each small lobe near its union with the large central lobe. There is a large cylindrical pharynx heavily lined with chitin (fig. 270). This chiti- nous lining is continuous with that covering the lips. Behind this is an esophagus which may be somewhat dilated at its yiomm. anterior extremity, in which TG, 270.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. ANTERIOR eyce jt quickly diminishes in EXTREMITY, LATERAL VIEW. a diameter and then gradually increases posteriorly, diminishing slightly at its union with the intes- tine. There is a valve at the union, the posterior portion of the esophagus being prolonged into the middle of the intestinal lumen. The cuticle is annulated with prominent transverse striations, and between, these are numerous fine transverse striations. 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. Male 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long and 1 to 1.5 mm. thick (fig. 271). The head attains a maximum diameter of about 260 p. The pharynx is about 130 » long and the lumen is 60 » wide. The esophagus at- tains a maximum length of about 4.3 mm. and a maximum thick- ness of 380 p. The nerve ring is sit- uated near the anterior extremity of the esophagus, about 450 » from the anterior extremity of the body. The intestine constricts near its posterior extremity to form a piriform rectum which connects with the cloaca. There are two bursal alae, of which the left is over three times as long as the right. The ventral surface in the bursal re- gion shows the presence in the super- ficial structure of numerous refractive bodies. It also presents the usual rounded oblong cuticular markings of this genus and related genera (fig. 272). The spicules are unequal. They present a somewhat irregular curvature and are narrow with a di- lated proximal extremity. The right one is 1.29 to 1.43 mm. long and the left is 775 to 860 p» long, the short one being shorter and the long one longer than the corresponding spicules in P. muris. ‘There is a chitinous accessory piece in the vicinity of the cloacal aperture. The clocal aperture is on an elevation 860 » to 1.11 mm. from the posterior extremity of the body. The posterior portion of the body is coiled in one or two turns and is much more rigid than the anterior portion. It terminates in a rounded end from which the bursal alae recurve poste- Imm. Fic. 271.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. riorly and then turn anteriorly. MALE. There are four pairs of large pre- anal papillae, which are increasingly larger from the one near- est to the cloacal aperture to the one farthest away, and two pairs of large postanal papillae, of which the posterior pair, about midway between the cloacal aperture and the end of the tail, NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 209 is the largest and most prominent of the caudal papillae. The testis extends anteriorly to a point more than twice the length of the esophagus from the anterior end. The transformation from the vas deferens to the vesicula seminalis is strongly marked. Female 7.5 to 8.5 em. long with a maximum thickness of over 2 mm. (fig. 273). The posterior extremity of the body terminates in a blunt cone which rounds off almost hemispherically. The head attains a maximum diameter of about 350 p. The pharynx is about Yom Fic. 272.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, 155 » long and the lumen is about 95 » wide. The esophagus has a maximum length of about 5.2 mm. and a maximum thickness of about 575 ». The nerve ring is situated near the anterior extremity of the esophagus, about 380 » from the anterior extremity of the body. The intestine is constricted near its posterior extremity and then expanded in a discoid structure which connects by a short narrow tube with the anus (fig. 274). The anus is 1.37 to 1.46 mm. from the tip of the tail. The vulva is a little anterior of the union of the anterior and middle third of the body. The short muscular vagina (fig. 275) extends posteriovly from the vulva for a distance of about 515 p, where it meets a not so clearly delimited sphincter region about 260 » long. From this the common trunk of the uterus, distended with eggs, extends a distance of 2.24 mm. and forms the two divergent uterine branches. The anterior uterus 10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——14. 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. extends forward to the posterior extremity of the esophagus, and the posterior uterus extends back almost to the anus. The eggs are Fig. 273.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. FEMALE. v., VULVA. in the two species are very sumilar, closely related. 55 to 60 » by 82 to 35 pw in diameter and contain an em- bryo when oviposited (fig. 276), Host.—Geomys breviceps. Location.—Stomach. Locality.— Norman, Okla- homa. Type material. — No. 17942, U.S. N. M. (Bureau of Animal Industry helminthological col- lection). I am indebted for this mate- rial, as well as for much other material not yet described, to the courtesy of Mr. Herman Douthitt, of the University of Chicago. It should be noted that the type-species of this genus has two cervical papillae, the esophagus is a third to a fifth as long as the body, the vulva is near the middle of the body, the bursal alae are equal, and each lobe of the lips bears-only three teeth. It does not ap- pear, however, that these dif- ferences between the type- species and the species in- cluded here can be looked on as of more than specific value in view of the consistent re- semblance in other respects. P. ascaroidea is a decidedly larger species than P. muris, but corresponding structures and the two species are very No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. SESE oe eS Ser FAT RTS Eee RAS Ra Rete U3} NSS ONY PENT ee fs oe Fic. 274.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, 211 212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ven. 50. i/zomm 275. 276. FIGs. 275, 276.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. 275, TERMINAL GENITALIA OF FEMALE. 276, EGG. Genus PHYSALOPTERA Rudolphi, 1819. Generic diagnosis—Spirurinae (p. 199): Mouth with two equal lips, each with three papillae and armed with teeth. Variable cuticular expansions posterior of the ips. Caudal bursa formed by a cuticular border of the deeply excavated posterior extremity and with this border continuous anteriorly across the ventral surface and connecting the lateral borders. Many caudal papillae of which four pairs, two preanal and two postanal, are stalked. Two unequal or subequal spicules. Two ovaries. Wulva toward the anterior por- tion of the body. Oviparous. Parasitic in the digestive canal, especially the stomach, of mammals, birds, and reptiles. Ty pe-species.—P hysaloptera clausa Rudolphi, 1819. ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF PHYSALOPTERA. 1. Male 6 mm. long. Female unknown_________~_- Physaloptera spirula, p. 218. Male, where known, 9 mm. long or longer. Females known ___-_-----_~_~ 745 2. Females 7 to 18 mm. long. Males unknown______~ Physaloptera citilli, p. 2138. Hemales' 14 mm. long*or longer. Males) known222. 2 = 22 eee a 3. Males over 20 mm. long. Females over 33 mm. long. Physaloptera muris-braziliensis, p. 213. Males less than 20 mm. long. Females less than 33 mm. long_____ ________- 4, 4, Males 15 mm. long or longer and with a pair of postanal papillae close to the tip of the tail. Eggs spherical, 16 to 22 u in diameter. Physaloptera sciuri, p. 217. Males less than 15 mm. long; or if that long, with the last pair of postanal papillae relatively remote from the Up of the tail. Eggs elliptical and witha: maximum diameter exceeding. 22)7-5_- se ee ee eee 5. 5. Males 15 mm. long or longer. Females over 20 mm. long. Physaloptera circularis, p. 215. Males less than 10 mm. long. Females less than 20 mm. long_____-_-_____ 6. 6. Bursa margin with numerous scallops. Of the sessile caudal papillae there are 1 large unpaired preanal and 1 large unpaired postanal, and 2 pairs of nostanal-3. ee ee ee Physaloptera ruwenczorii, p. 216. area No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 2i3 Bursa margin not scalloped. Of the sessile caudal papillae there are 1 un- paired preanal, 1 pair of preanai, and 5 pairs of postanal. Physaloptera abbreviata, p. 214. PHYSALOPTERA SPIRULA Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828. Specific diagnosis —Physaloptera (p.212): Head continuous with body. Mouth papillate. Male 6 mm. long. Caudal extremity of the body provided with closed bursal alae. Female unknown. Hosts.—Procavia syriaca (Llyrax syriacus), (?) Procavia capensis (Hyrax capensis). Location.—Large intestine. Localities —Syria and Arabia. This species has been left in the genus Physaloptera because it was put in that genus and there is no evidence to show where it belongs. At the same time, the head structure, the size of the male, and the site of infestation suggest that this is not a species of Physaloptera within the present limits of the genus. Molin (1860c) has listed this species, apparently erroneously from Hyrar capensis (=Procavia CAPENSIS ) . PHYSALOPTERA CITILLI (Rudolphi, 1819) Hall, 1916. Synonym.—s piroptera citilli Rudolphi, 1819. Specific diagnosis.—P hysaloptera (p. 212): Body curved. Anterior extremity very slightly attenuated. Head rounded, continuous with the body, and with the cuticle inflated. Mouth with two large lips. Six head papulae, of which there are two conical papillae situated on each side near the angle of contact of the two lips, and one spheri- cal papilla at the base of each lip. Cuticle densely striate trans- versely. Male unknown. Female 7 to 13 mm. long and 400 u» thick. Posterior extremity obtuse. Vulva in anterior portion of body. Host—Citellus citellus (Arctomys citillus). Location.—Stomach. Locality.—Not given. Molin (1860) has intimated that this species belongs in the genus Physaloptera, and, inasmuch as the evidence favors this view and the genus Spiroptera, to which Rudolphi assigned it, is without standing, it has accordingly been transterred to Physaloptera. PHYSALOPTERA MURIS-BRAZILIENSIS Diesing, 186:. Synonym.—Spiroptera bilabiata Molin, 1860a, not Spiroptera bila- biata (Creplin, 1829) Dujardin, 1845. Specific diagnosis —Physaloptera (p.212): Body attenuated ante- riorly and enlarged posteriorly. There are two large lips, each with 214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. a large flat papilla (fig..277). The lips bear a small obtuse tooth externally and some leaflike inner teeth. The body is annulated with prominent transverse striations. . Male 24 to 80 mm. long. There are one unpaired preanal papilla and one pair of preanal papillae, and one unpaired postanal papilla and three pairs of postanal papillae (fig. 278). The un- paired preanal papilla is situated on the ~ anterior edge of the cloacal aperture, and Fig. 277.—PHYSALOPTERA MURIS- : : ° ° BRAMENSIS. LIP, LATERAL VIEW: the unpaired postanal papilla is situated Entarcep. Arrer von Dras- between the first and second pairs of post- CHE, 1883. : , anal papillae. Female 34 to 45 mm. long. Caudal extremity straight and very obtuse. Anus close to tip of tail. Host.—“Mus braziliensis.” Location.—Stomach and small in- testine. Locality —Braazil. This species was restudied by von Drasche (1882). Diesing uses this name in the form Physaloptera muris braziliensis. It is apparently binomial in intent and has been retained here with the addi- tion of the hyphen to conform to present usage. PHYSALOPTERA ABBREVIATA Rudolphi, 181g. Synonym.—P hysaloptera abbreyi- ata Rudolphi of Parona, 1909. Specific diagnosis. — Physaloptera Z ‘ Fic. 278.—PHYSALOPTERA MURIS-BRAZILI- (p.212) : Body broad and compressed. — pysis. PosrerioR EXTREMITY OF MALE, Cuticle thick and strongly undulant) "ee 3 i VON DRASCHE, 1883. Two thorn-shaped cervical papillae, one in the dorsal and one in the ventral line. Mouth with two large lips, each bearing a large wedge-shaped tooth and on the inner face a number of small teeth (fig. 279). Each lip bears three papillae. The esophagus is one-twelfth as long as the entire body. Male 9 mm. long and 600 » thick. The bursa has a scalloped edge (fig. 280). The ventral surface of the body in the bursal region bears numerous conical cuticular points in longitudinal rows. There are one pair of sessile preanal papillae and one unpaired preanal papilla, and five pairs of postanal sessile papillae. The three preanal papillae and the first two pairs of postanal papillae are situated close to the NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 915 cloacal aperture. The spicules are long and bent. The larger spic- ule is 2.7 mm. long. The tail is one-twenty-seventh as long as the entire body. Female 18 mm. long and 870 yp. thick. The rounded tail end is one- forty-seventh as long as the entire body. The vulva is in the anterior portion of the body and divides the body in the ratio of 8:31. The thick-shelled eggs are elliptical and are 36 by 20 » in diameter. Host. — Graphiurus murinus. Location.—Stomach. Locality. — Bhuinga, Africa. FIq. 279.—PHYSALOPTERA ABBREVIATA. ANTERIOR EXTREM- This species was de- ITy. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1883. scribed from reptiles and has been reported from reptiles. Von Linstow (1883) has reported it as a pseudo-parasite in the stomach of Ciconia alba, in which case it was apparently to be referred to snakes forming part of the diet. Parona (1909) reports it from Graphiurus murinus, under the name Ph. abbreyiata, which is apparently a misprint for PA. abbreviata. estates that there vere two males and three fe- males, but makes no comment of any sort. The record is strongly suggestive of an error of some sort. If there is no error, then the record, or a rec- ord of anything quite out of the ordinary, should carry some comment to relieve the reader of the suspicion that there is an error of some sort. PHYSALOPTERA CIRCULARIS von Linstow, 1897. Fig. 280.—PHYSALOPTERA ABBREVIATA. POSTE- RIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL VIEW. EN- Specific diagnosis. LARGED, AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1883. Physa- loptera (p. 212): The head is surrounded by a cuticular fold. There are two lips, each projecting forward in a small cone and bearing two rounded swellings on the inside and three papillae on the outside. The cuticle is deeply stri- ated transversely at intervals of 44 p. 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THB NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Male 15.2 mm. long and 800 » thick. The esophagus is 1/43 of the entire body length and the tail is 1/15.4 of the entire body length. The cloacal aperture is surrounded by a circular cuticular fold (fig. 281). There are a pair of sessile preanal papillae close to the cloacal epereure anteriorly, and an unpaired sessile postanal papilla close to the cloacal a aperture posteriorly. There are also three pairs of sessile postanal papillae, the last of which is remote from the posterior extremity of the body, and the first two of which are close together. Female 24 mm. long and 1.9 mm. thick. The tail is one-sixty-first of the entire body length. The very thick-shelled eggs are elliptical and 49 by 33 » in diameter. Host.—E pimys rattus (Mus rattus). Location.—Stomach. Locality.— Madagascar. Von Linstow, in his description of this species, notes that the caudal papillae are different from those in Ph. muris-braziliensis. Fic. 281.—PHYSALOPTERA CIR- PHYSALOPTERA RUWENZORII Parona, 1907. CULARIS. POSTERIOR EX- ; : : TREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL Specific diagnosis.—P hysaloptera (p. 912) ° view. AFTER VON LID- Body attenuated for a short space anteriorly. stow, 1897. Head with lips limiting the large buccal aperture with small papillae on each and without lateral membranous lobes (fig. 282). The teeth are large, conical, and mammilated. The esophagus is one-sixth or more of the entire body length. ‘The in- testine is straight. Male 9 to 9.5 mm. long. The copulatory bursa (fig. 283) is large. Tt comprises a large circular expansion anteriorly, prolonged poste- riorly by a conical portion. The circular anterior portion bears a large sessile unpaired preanal pa- pilla and a large sessile unpaired postanal papilla. /o ° The conical posterior portion bears two pairs of large sessile postanal papillae. The spicules are ric. 282—Puysator- straight except for a slight curve at the distal ex- fae eee tremity. The spicule sheath is imbutiform, with a vmw. Entarcep. circular aperture posteriorly (fig. 283). The testis Se eet extends forward to the level of the posterior ex- tremity of the esophagus. Posterior of this point it is looped, but it becomes straight at the anterior origin of the posterior third of the body. Female 14 to 17 mm. long. The tail is long, attenuating toward the extremity. The vulva is at the union of the anterior and middle third of the body. It has an elevated margin and 1s surrounded by No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. Oe papille (fig. 284). The anterior ovary extends forward as far as the posterior extremity of the esophagus. The very numerous eggs are large, elliptical, and thick shelled, and not well developed when oviposited. Hosts —Arvicanthus abyssinicus, Epimys ugandae (Mus ugandae). Location.—tintestine. Locality —F ort Portal, Africa. Parona (1909) states that there are two small papillae posterior of the clocal aper- ture, but his figure is not in harmony with this. He also says that the body is not striated, but this is contradicted by his figures and is contrary to the condition customary in Physaloptera and related genera. I have assumed in the key that eggs stated as “large” exceed 22 » in diameter. That these egos should not be well developed at ov iposi- me i i| é tion is rather surprising. PHYSALOTERA SCIURI Parona, 1898. Fig. 283.—PHYSALOPTERA RU- 34.— PHYSALOP- WENZORI. @, POSTERIOR EX- Saad . c Fig. 284. ! 2C' fi » 0G CS. ; TREMITY OF MALE; }, SPI- Specific diagnosis TERA RUWENZORII. cules. Entarcep. Arter Physaloptera (p. 212): Cae re arg Mouth with two large lips ~ of circular contour. Each lip bears leafiike external teeth and has two papillae at its base (fig. 285). There is a large cuticular ring at the base of the head. The cuticle is transversely striated. Male 16 mm. long and 500 » thick. The head is 13 y in diameter at the level of the cuticular ring. The cuticular striations are at intervals of 25 » and are more distinct in the posterior portion of the body. The bursa is large and lanceolate in outline (fig. 286). No sessile preanal papillae observed. There are three pairs of sessile postanal papillae and one unpaired sessile postanal papilla. This latter is close to the cloacal aperture. The posterior pair of post- anal papillae are close to the tip of the tail and the other two pairs of postanal papillae are near the margin of the bursa and approxi- mately midway between the posterior pair and the unpaired papilla, There are numerous cuticular elevations in the postanal region, a prominent series extending from the last pair of postanal papillae to the last pair of stalked papillae. ‘The cloacal aperture is large and circular and has a scalloped, elevated margin. 918 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. Female-17 to 32 mm. long and 1 mm. thick. The posterior ex- tremity is obtuse. The vulva is not prominent and is located near the union of the anterior and middle thirds of the body. The small eggs are spherical and are 16 to 22 » in diam- eter. Host.—Sciurus melanogaster. Location.—Stomach and intestine. Locality—Island of Mentawei. Parona (1909) states that there is a single uterus extending posteriorly from the vulva, “T/utero ad un solo tuboe che si estende all’in- Fila.) | 285. —PHYssloPmeks dietro.” ‘This can hardly be accepted asicor- SCIURI. ANTERIOR EX- 3 f TREMITY, LATERAL view. Yect, even on Parona’s authority. His figures ENLARGED. AFTER PAa- indicate that this is a species of Physaloptera, RONA, 1898. nae and it is more likely that one branch of a uterus has been overlooked, a very simple matter, than that we have here a species with the other characteristics of Physaloptera, but with a single uterus. Incidentally it may be noted that the shape of the eggs is unusual, and correlated with the small size it suggests that the eggs observed. were immature. » J i. (is I \W iN N Subfamily ARDUFHNNINAHE Railliet and Henry, 1911, Subfamily diagnosis —Spiruridae (p. 190) : Mouth with two lips leading into a pharynx, which is strengthened by cuticular ridges in the form of rings or spirals. Spicules unequal, the longer several times the length of the shorter. Four pairs of pre- anal papillae. Eggs containing embryos when ovi- posited. ~ Type-genus—Arduenna Railliet and Henry, 1911. Genus PHYSOCEPHALUS Diesing, 1861. Generic diagnosis —Arduenninae (p. 218): Body elongated, tapering slightly anteriorly. Head marked off from the remainder of the body by a cuticular inflation ending abruptly in a circular line Fic. 236—Puysa- a short distance anterior of the posterior end of the Bune. Ew. pharynx. Extending from the base of the cuticular taraep. Arrer inflation to about the middle of the body are six ***°%* 78% lateral alae, three on each side, the middle wing of each side being wider than the others. Mouth with two lips, each in- cised to form three lobes and each lobe bearing one papilla. The mouth communicates with an inconspicuous buccal cavity which is without teeth, and this in turn opens into a relatively long and NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 219 wide pharynx. The walls of the pharynx are marked by cuticular ridges in the form of both spirals and rings and extending the length of the pharynx. The tail of the male is twisted spirally and fur- nished with a narrow symmetrical bursa supported by four pairs of preanal papillae. Spicules long and unequal, the left spicule about five times as long as the right. Vulva somewhat posterior of the middle of the body. Eggs smooth, with thick shells, and con- taining embryos when oviposited. Endoparasitic in the stomach of Suidae and rodents. Ty pe-species.—Physocephalus sexalatus (Molin, 1860a) Diesing, 1861. PHYSOCEPHALUS MEDIOSPIRALIS (Molin, 1860a) Hall, 1916. Synonyms.—sS piroptera mediospiralis Molin, 1860a; Spiroptera tapiri-americani in M. C. V. of Molin, 1860a; Spiroptera caviae aguti in M. C. V. of Molin, 1860a; Spiroptera chrisoptera Molin, 1858a, of von Drasche, 1882. FIG. 287,—PHYsocEPHALUS Specific diagnosis.—Physocephalus (p. 218) > eee eae Body twisted spirally in the middle, attenuate x 280. ArrzR von anteriorly and enlarged posteriorly. Head dis- pa aes tinct from body and with inflated cuticle (fig. 287). Pharynx with rings and spirals. Anterior extremity gradually attenuate and trun- cate at head end. Three lateral alae on each side, the median the larger, and all transversely striated. Posterior extremity thickened. Male 26 to 86 mm. long and 400 yp thick. Posterior extremity twisted in a spiral of three turns and terminating obtusely. Bursal membrane sustained by four papillae. One spicule is long, thick, and tubular; the other spicule not noted. Female 40 to 46 mm. long and 500 ». thick. Posterior extremity thickened and only slightly bent; terminates in an obtuse, umbonate tip. Anus near the tip of the tail. Vulva not observed. LHost.—Dasyprocta aguti (Dasyprocta agoutt). Location.—Stomach. Locality —Brazil. In the above description the statement that the pharynx has rings and spirals is based on a statement that the body is so marked. It is very easy to get the impression that the markings of the pharynx are on the body in mounts of Physocephalus and Arduenna. More- over, such spiral markings would be highly exceptional in the body, whereas they fit with the rest of the description if regarded as pharyngeal markings. Von Drasche (1882) regards Spiroptera mediospiralis Molin, 1860a, and Spiroptera chrisoptera Molin, 1858a, both of which species have been reported from Vapirus americanus, as identical. 220 PROCEEDINGS QF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. If this view is correct, the specific name used here is the wrong one. Von Drasche examined the material for both species. On the other hand, Molin (1860@) groups these species in two different groups in his monograph of the genus Spiroptera, regarding S. mediospiralis as armed and 8. chrisoptera as unarmed. In view of the fact that ~ modern parasitologists have confused Arduenna strongylina and Physocephalus sewalatus from swine in recent years, it would not be surprising if two different species looked alike to von Drasche. Ac- cordingly, S. mediospiralis, which is the one of the two species in question which has the characteristic six lateral alae and is the one reported from Dasyprocta agouti, is transferred to Physocephalus, leaving the possible identity of Spivoptera chrisoptera to be deter- mined, if possible, by a reexamination of the original material or a study of new material from the hosts in question. Physocephalus mediospiralis is described as having a head with four tubercles in cruciform arrangement and with pointed apices, and with an orbicular, large, bare mouth. This hardly conforms to the generic characteristics of Physocephalus, but in view of the agree- ment on other points it seems likely that further study would result in a better statement of the lip and mouth structure which would conform with the generic characteristics. Subfamily uncertain. ANALYTICAL KEY TO UNPLACED SPECIES OF SPIRURIDAE, daewoundein urinary bladder =<]. 2 85 aes ee a Spiroptera ratti, p. 221. Nottound insuninarybladder® 222222 lee ees See ae 32 ee 2 2. Adult worms with 4 lateral alae in cruciform arrangement. Spiroptera quadrialata, p. 221. AAULtS or larvae without lateral alaess == le eae ee ee ee 3. 8. Adult worms with a bifid tail ; found in liver____________ Filaria bifida, p. 221. Adults without a bifid tail, or larvae; not found in liver_ _.-___-___ 4: 4, Adult worms:found) inthe body cavity {222425 eee ee Filaria conica, p. 222. Harvalor probably darvals worms == 22k ese eee 5: 5. Undescribed species found in esophageal nodules__Spiroptera hystrichis, p. 222. Not. found, in-esophageal mnodwilese2 22S ee ee ee 6. 6. In abdominal cavity, stomach, walls of stomach, and in cecum of Sear- turus tetradactylus (Dipus tetradactylus). Nematoideum dipodis-tetradactyli, p. 223. Not reported from Scarturus tetradactylus (Dipus tetradactylus) —_~------ te 7. Undescribed species from stomach of J/us species (lus minimus). Spiroptera species von Linstow, p. 228. Described species from cysts in walls of digestive tract of rat. Npiroptera species Gerstaecker, p. 223. It is quite possible that some of the species listed in this key are not properly referable to the Spiruridae or even to the Filarioidea. In the absence of adequate data, the judgment and authority of the No. 2131 NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 271 person proposing the name is all we have on which to assign species to higher taxonomic groups. SPIROPTERA RATTI Diesing, 1851. Specific diagnosis.—None. Host—Epimys ratius (Mus rattus). Location —Urinary bladder. Locality —Germany (Berlin). This species was proposed for a nematode recorded by Gurlt with no data other than the host, location, and locality, and must be re- garded as a nomen nudum. The worm may or may not have been Trichosomoides crassicauda. SPIROPTERA QUADRIALATA Molin, 1860a. Specific diagnosis —Spiruridae (?) (p. 190): Head continuous with body. Mouth aperture triangular and provided with papillae. No lips or buccal cavity. Anterior extremity abruptly attenuate, with truncate tip. Body with four broad lateral alae arranged in cruci- form fashion. Male unknown. Female 8 mm. long and 200 yp thick. Posterior extremity of body gradually attenuates to form a long and very sharp cone. The anus is remote from the tip of the tail. The vulva is in the posterior por- tion of the body. It has two lips and bears papillae anteriorly and posteriorly in the median line. Host.—Mus musculus. Location.—Stomach. Locality —Brazil. The above description suggests that there 1s an error here. While the site of infestation and the claim that the vulva is in the posterior portion of the body would bear out the assignment of this species to the genus Spiroptera, other things throw considerable doubt on this. The structure of the tail and position of the anus suggest Oxyuris, and, in view of the alae, this worm is probably Oxyuris tetraptera, erroneously reported from the stomach of its customary host. The record as to the position of the vulva is probably due to an error in observation. FILARIA BIFIDA Molin, 18580. Synonyms.—Filaria muris-scandentis of Molin, 1858) (label name) ; Dicheilonema bifidum (Molin, 1858)) Diesing, 1861. Specific diagnosis—Spiruridae (?) (p. 190): Body attenuated at both extremities, with a very short bifid tail tip. Mouth elliptical, with two small unarmed lips. 702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. Male 50 mm. long. Posterior extremity spirally enrolled. Female.—Posterior extremity curved. Host.—Kannabateomys amblyonyx (Dactylomys amblyonyx). Location.—Liver. Locality.—Brazil (Majo and Ypanema). This is one of the species placed by Diesing (1861) in his genus Dicheilonema. This genus is based on a rather uncertain set of characters. In his generic diagnosis he states that there are usually two ovaries in the female, but occasionally more. The type-species, Dicheilonema labiatum (Creplin, 1825) Diesing, 1861, selected by Stiles and Hassall (1905), has five ovaries. Since it is more uniikely that Filaria bifida has five ovaries than that it has two, the genus Dicheilonema has been left out of consideration in this paper. FILARIA CONICA Molin, 1858). Synonym.—Dicheilonema conicum (Molin, 18580) Diesing, 1861. Specific diagnosis.—Spiruridae (?) (p. 190): Filiform body attenu- ated anteriorly and posteriorly but increasing slightly in diameter in the vicinity of the mouth. Mouth elliptical, with two small coni- cal unarmed lips. Male unknown. Female 42 mm. long and 500 », thick. Posterior extremity curved, with a mucronate tip. Hosts.—Dasyprocta aguti (Dasyprocta agouti) ,Myoprocta acouchy (Cavia acushy). Location.—Abdominal cavity. Locality.—Brazil. As in the case of Filaria bifida, this species has been placed by Diesing (1861) in his genus Dichetlonema, but that genus has not been held to apply in this case for the reasons given in discussing the foregoing species. The incomplete description does not permit of placing the species in any other genus. SPIROPTERA HYSTRICHIS (Rudolphi, 1809) Rudolphi, 1819. Synonym.—Strongylus hystrichis Rudolphi, 1809. Specific diagnosis.—N one. Host.—H ystrix cristata. Location.—In nodules in the esophagus. Locality. —Italy. The finding of this worm was recorded by Redi (1708). The name given by Rudolphi is entirely unaccompanied by descriptive data and is a nomen nudum. There is no evident reason why the —_—_ lle re pile Bene ie > NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 925 worm should be transferred from the genus Strongylus to Spiroptera, but in default of any contradictory indications his latest choice is followed instead of the earlier one. NEMATOIDEUM DIPODIS-TETRADACTYLI Creplin, 1844. Specific diagnosis.—None. Host.—Scarturus tetradactylus (Dipus tetradactylus). Location—In abdominal cavity, the stomach, the walls of the stomach, and the cecum. Locality — Germany (Breslau). This record is placed here on the chance that it might be a larval member of the Filarioidea. There is no more likelihood of this, probably, than there is that it is a member of the Strongyloidea. The name Vematoideum is noncommittal, as it is a collective group name without generic status or type species, and is erected for the reception of species that can not be referred to any existing genera. SPIROPTERA species von Linstow, Igor. Specific diagnosis.—N one. Host.—Mus species (“ Mus minimus”). Location.—Stomach. Locality — Nyassa Lake, German East Africa. Von Linstow states in comment that the material covered by this record was sexually undeveloped. SPIROPTERA species Gerstaecker, 1866. Synonyms.—s piroptera species Bakody, 1866; Zrichina bakodyti Cobbold, 1879. Specific diagnosis—Spiruridae (7?) (p. 190): Cysts 640 to 700 p long and 520 p» thick. The coiled-up worm in the cyst occupies a lumen 350 to 870 uw in diameter, while the cyst wall is 100 to 120 p thick (fig. 288). The larva is 1.4 mm. long and 100 to 110 » thick. The body appears compressed rather than slender. It narrows close to the anterior end and attenuates to form a conical termi- nation posterior of the anus. The cuticle is transversely striated. On each side of the mouth aperture the head projects in a small, pointed, conical, sharply contoured papilla (fig. 289). The anal aperture is ventral, but it lies toward the periphery in the coiled-up worm in the cyst and so gives the impression of being dorsal. The tail ends in a knob-shaped process bearing on its surface small conical spines (fig. 290). One specimen shows seven of these on the 994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. terminal edge and five or six on the upper surface of the knob. The posterior portion of the intestine is slightly bent in an S shape. Host.—E pimys species, “ rat.” Location.—Encysted in walls of the digestive tract. Locality. Hungary (Budapest). Gerstaecker notes that these worms, which were collected by Bakody, differ in size and in other respects from 7Z'richinella spiralis. 288. 289. Fiq@s. 288-290.—SPIROPTERA SPECIES. 288, @, WORM IN CYST; b, REMOVED FROM CYST. AFTER GERS- TAECKER, 1866. 289, ANTERIOREXTREMITY. ENLARGED, AFTER GERSTAECKER, 1866. 290, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY. ENLARGED. AFTER GERSTAECKER, 1866. It might also be noted that they do not agree with the larval Ollu- lanus, which might also be considered as a possibility in this case. The posterior extremity does agree with that of larval members of the Filarioidea, such as the larval Habronema muscae described by Ransom (1913). There are some minor discrepancies in the measurements given for the cysts in the above description. a a ADDENDUM. Seurat (1916: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Par., v. 79 (2), pp. 64-68, figs. 1-3) has recently divided Oxyuris as follows: Oxyuris Rudolphi, type O. equi (Schrank); Passalurus Dujardin, type P. ambiguus (Rudolphi); Syphacia Seurat, type S. obvelata (Rudolphi); and Fusarella Seurat, type F. vermicularis (Linneus). Railliet and Henry (1916: Ibidem, v. 79 (3), pp. 118-115) follow him with a paper dividing the Oxyuridae into five groups as follows: (1) Those forms with a single spicule, no gubernaculum, and the vulva anterior to posterior in location; (2) those with one spicule and a gubernacu- um, vulva anterior or posterior; (3) those with two equal spicules, no gubernaculum, and vulva in the middle or posterior; (4) those with two equal spicules and a gubernaculum, and the vulva in the middle or rarely anterior; (5) those with two unequal spicules and a gubernaculum, and with the vulva near the anus. The species included in the present paper would fall for the most part in the genus Syphacia, which is in the second group; O. triradiata appar- ently remains in the restricted genus Oxyuris, in the first group; and some may fallin HLnterobius (of which Fusarella and Oxyurias are syn- onyms) in the first group. The genus Welcomea Sambon, 1907, founded on the eversion of the vagina, may need to be considered with a view to differentiating its species from those of Syphacia. Seurat (1916: Ibidem, v. 79 (3), pp. 143-146, figs. 1-5) notes that Protospirura numidica Seurat, 1915, originally described from Lelis ocreata, is a pseudo-parasite in that host and a normal parasite of Arvicanthis barbarus. P. numidica is smaller than P. ascaroidea, since the female attains a maximum length of not over 35 mm.; the lobes of the lips have fewer denticles (2 to 4) than P. muris; and the eggs are much larger (52 » long) than those of P. labiodentata. Re- ported from Algeria. Seurat (1916: Ibidem, v. 79 (3), pp. 146-149, figs. 1-2) has noted that Rictularia proni Seurat, 1915, described from LHerpestes ichneumon is likewise a pseudo-parasite with Arvicanthis barbarus as its normal host. This species is larger than R. coloradensis, since the female attains a maximum length of 39.7 mm., and can be differentiated from the other species of Rictularia from rodents by the fact that the vulva is in the region of the thirty-fourth pair of combs. Re- ported from Algeria. 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16 15 225 aright! ‘ cabiell tb tt ERT es agen 1s re ona Mea TN pT ey a Qual ue toe LS af cid RSME ita reas wal CLAN he, is e% a, Teak tas 2 Aer yt ab DBisT OF HOSTSAND THELR PARASITES. RODENTIA. Family MURIDAE. Apodemus sylvaticus: Trichuris muris. Trichosoma muris-sylvatict. Oxryuris obvelata. Oxryuris stroma. Oxryuris tetraptera. IHecligmosomum laeve. Heligmosomun minutum. Viannaia polygyra. Rictularia cristata. Protospirura muris. Arvicanthis abyssinicus: Trichuris muris. Physaloptera ruwenzori. Arvicanthis barbarus: Oxryuris obvelata. Rictularia pron. Protospirura numidica, Arvicanthis pulchellus: Strongylus minutoides. Arvicola amphibius: Trichosomum lemmi. Trichuris muris. Oxryuris obvelata. Strongylus lemmi [?]. Arvicola arvalis. See Microtus arva- lis. Arvicola campestris. See Microtus ar- valis. Arvicola glareolus. See Evotomys gla- reolus. Arvicola rubidus. See Hvotomys gla- reolus. Arvicola subterraneus. See Pitymys subterraneus. Cricetomys gambianus: Heterakis spumosa. Cricetus cricetus: Trichinella spiralis. Oxyuris tetraptera. Cricetus frumentarius. See Cricetus cricetus. Cricetus vulgaris. See Cricetus crice- tus. Dipodilla campestris. See Dipodillus campestris. Dipodillus campestris: Allodapa clongata. Heligmosomum laeve. Gongylonema brevispiculum. Hpimys alexandrinus: Fiepaticola hepatica. Protospirura muris. Epimys norvegicus: Strongyloides papillosus, Capillaria annulosa. Capillaria schmidti. Hepaticola hepatica. Trichosomoides crassicauda. Trichinella spiralis. Heterakis spumosa. Heligmosomum bracziliense. Strongylus species. Gongylonema neoplasticum. Protospirura nuris. Epimys rattus: Capillaria annulosa. Capillaria papillosa. Trichuris muris. Trichosomoides crassicauda. Heterakis spumosa. Oxyuris obvelata. Gongylonema neoplasticum. Protospirura muris. Physaloptera circularis. Spiroptera ratti. Filaria species. Fipimys siporanus: Protospirura muris. Epimys surifer: Filaria muricola. Epimys ugandae: Trichuris muris. Oxryuris obvelata, Physaloptera ruwenzorit. Hpimys species (reported from “rat’’) : Spirura talpae. Spiroptera species. w w 4 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. RODENTIA—Continued. Family Muriar—Continued. Tvotomys glareolus: Oryuris obvelata. Lvotomys rutilus: Ozyuris obvelata. Biber eibethicus. See Ondatra zibeth- ica. ifesperomys leucogaster. chomys leucogaster. Hesperomys nasutus. cus nasutus. Hesperomys physodes. chilus physodes. See Ony- See Peromys- See JHolo- Hesperomys species: Filaria circularis. Holochilomys brasiliensis. chilus brasiliensis. Holochilus brasiliensis: Trichuris muris. Oxryuris obvelata. Holochilus physodes: Trichuris muris. Oxryuris obvelata. Leggada minutoides. See Holo- See Mus minu- toides. Lemmus amphibius. See Arvicola amphibius. Lemmus arvalis. See Microtus ar- valis. Lemmus dasytrichus. See Oxymyc- terus rufus. Lemmus rutilus. tilus. Micromys minutus: Oxryuris obvelata. Microtus arvalis: Trichuris muris. Oxryuris obvelata. Heligmosomum costellatum. Heligmosomum minutum, Viannaia polygyra. Heligmosomoides linstowi. Mus albus: Trichinella spiralis. Mus alerandrinus. See Hpimys alexr- andrinus. Mus amphibius. phibius. Mus arvalis. See Microtus arvalis. Mus braziliensis: Physaloptera muris-braziliensis. Mus capensis. See Georychus capen- Sis, See Hvotomys ru- See Arvicola am- Mus decumanus. vegicus. Mus minimus. See Mus species. Mus minutoides: Ascaris species. See Hpimys nor- Oxyuris obvelata. Mus minutus. See Micromys minutus. Mus musculoides: Oxryuris obvelata. Mus musculus: Capillaria bacillata. Trichuris muris. Trichosoma nuris-musculi. Trichinella spiralis. Oxryuris obvelata. Oxryuris tetraptera. Strongylus lemmi [?]. Ollulanus tricuspis. Gongylonema musculi. Gongylonema neoplasticum. Protospirura muris. Spiroptera quadrialata. Mus musculus albus: Oxryuris obvelata. Mus navalis: [Possibly Microtus ni- valis. | Protospirura labiodentata. Mus norvegicus. See EHpimys norvegi- cus. Mus rattus. Mus siporanus. Mus species: Spiroptera species. Mus surifer. See Epimys surifer. Mus sylvaticus. See Apodemus syl- vaticus. Mus ugandae. See Epimys ugandae. Neotoma cinerea rupicola: Nematodirus neotoma. Neotoma desertorum: Nematodirus neotoma. Neotoma floridana baileyi: Nematodirus neotoma. Neotoma mexicana fallax: Oxyuris obvelata. Nematodirus neotoma. Nyctomys species: Microfilaria plimmeri. Ondatra zibethica: Capillaria ransomia. Trichostrongylus fiberius. Trichuris opaca. See Hpimys rattus. See Lpimys siporanus. No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 229 RODENTIA—Continued. Family MurtaAr—Continued. Onychomys leucogaster: Oxryuris obvelata. Otomys irroratus: Strongylus cavalli. Uncinaria muridis. Otomys irroratus tropicalis: Strongylus cavalli. Uneinaria muridis. Oxrymycterus nasutus: Oxryuris obvelata. Ozrymycterus rufus: Rictularioides ainphiacanthun. Peromyscus nasutus: Oxryuris obvelata. Pitymys subterraneus: Oxryuris obvelata. Heligmosomum laeve. Heligmosomum minutum. Family GEOMYIDAE. ~Geomys breviceps: Protospirura ascaroidea. Thomomys fossor: Trichuris fossor. Heligmosomum vexillatum, Ransomus rodentorum. Family OCTODONTIDAE. Ctenodactylus gundi: Oxryuris hilgerti. Seuratum tacapense. Nematodirus spathiger. Dactylomys amblyonyx. See Kanna- bateomys amblyonye. Eehinomys antricola. See Thrichomys apereoides. EHuryzygomatomys rufus: Filaria diacantha. EKuryzygomatomys spinosus: Filaria diacantha. Isothriz bistriata: Trichuris muris. Tsothrivx pachyura. pachyurus. See Thrichomys Kannabateomys amblyonyx: Filaria bifida. Loncheres bistriata. triata. See Isothria bis- Loncheres rufa. See Huryzygomatomys rufus. Mesomys spinosus. tomys spinosus. Myocastor coypus: Oxyuris hamata. Myopotamus coypus. COYPUS. Thrichomys apereoides: Trichuris muris. Thrichomys pachyurus: Strongylus isotrichis. See Huryzygoma- See Myocastor Family DASyPROCTIDAE., Agouti paca. See Cuniculus paca. Cavia acushy. See Myoprocta acouchy. Cavia agouti. See Dasyprocta aguti. Cavia paca. See Cuniculus paca. Coelogenys paca. See Cuniculus paca. Cuniculus paca: Subulura uncinata. Strongylus sedecimradiatus. Dasyprocta agouti. aguti. See Dasyprocta Dasyprocta aguti: Trichuris gracilis. Heterakis verrucosa. Hucyathostomum copulatum. Filaria conica. Physocephalus mediospiralis. Myoprocta acouchy: Filaria. conica. Family ERETHIZONTIDAE. Cercolabes prehensilis. prehensilis. Coendou prehensilis : Filaria diacantha. See Coendou Erethizon dorsatum: Oxyuris evoluta. Strongylus sinuplex. Filaria subcutanea. Microfilaria species. 230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. RODENTIA—Continued. Family ERETHIZONTIDAE—Continued. Erethizon epixanthum: Oxyuris evoluta. Hystrix dorsata. See Brethizon dor- satum. Hystrix prehensilis. hensilis. See Coendou pre- Family HySTRIcIDAE. Acanthion brachyura: Oxyuris evoluta. Hystrix brachyura. brachyura. See Acanthion Hystrix cristata: Trichuris ovis. Trichuris infundibulus. Oxyuris stossichi. Filaria martis. Spiroptera hystrichis. Family ScrurimDAE. Ammospermophilus leucurus cinnamo- meus: Oxyuris triradiata. Arctomys citellus. See Citellus citel- lus. Arctomys citillus. lus. Arctomys marmota. marmota. Arctomys MONAL. Atlantoxerus getulus: Dermatoxys getula. Oxyuris pallaryi. Callospermophilus lateralis: Oxryuris triradiata. Citellus beecheyi: Microfilaria rosenaui. Citellus citellus: Trichuris leporis. Oxyuris obvelata. Physaloptera citilli. Citellus elegans: Citellinema bifurcatum. Dremomys rufigenis: Rictularia elvirae. Eutamias amoenus operarius: Heterorzynema cucullatum, Butamias quadrivittatus: Warrenius quadrivittati. Rictularia coloradensis. Eucerus erythropus: Subulura boueti. Funisciurus carruthersi: Strongylus cavalli. See Citellus citel- See Marmota Monan. See Marmota Geosciurus capensis: Oxyuris polyoon. Marmota marmota: Ascaris pigmentata. Marmota monae: Ascaris laevis. Sciurus aberti mimus: Trichostrongylus delicatus. Sciurus atrodorsalis: Oxyuris sciuri. Sciurus caniceps: Filaria linstow%t. Sciurus igniventris: Filaria pistillaris. Sciurus melanogaster: Rictularia fallax. Physaloptera sciuri. Sciurus rujigenis. See Dremomys rufi- genis. Sciurus species: Subulura anderson. Sciurus vulgaris: Oxyuris acutissima. Oxryuris ungula. Spermophilus citellus. See Citellus citellus. Spermophilus citillus. See Citellus citellus. Xerus erythropus. thropus. Xerus getulus. See getulus. Xerus setosus. See Geosciurus capensis. See Huxrerus ery- Atlantozxerus No, 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 231 RODENTIA—Continued. Family JACULIDAE. Dipus jaculus. See Jaculus jaculus. Dipus sagitta. See Jaculus sagitta. Dipus tetradactylus. See Scarturus tetradactylus. Jaculus jaculus: Oxyuris tetraptera. Jaculus sagitta: Oxyuris tetraptera. Scarturus tetradactylus: Nematoideum dipodis - tetradac- tyli. Family BATHYERGIDAE. “ Georhychos illigeri.” capensis. Georhynchus capensis. See Georychus capensis. See Georychus Georychus capensis: Trichuris contorta. Trichuris muris. Family MUSCARDINIDAE. Dyromys nitedula: Rictularia cristata. Eliomys quercinus: Trichosomum myowi-nitelae. Heligmosomum laeve. Glis glis: Heligmosomum gracile. Rictularia cristata. Graphiurus murinus: Physaloptera abbreviata. Muscardinus avellanarius: Rictularia cristata. Myorus avellanarius. See Muscardi- nus avellanarius. Myovus dryas. See Dyromys nitedula. Myovus glis. See Glis glis. Myorus muscardinus. See Muscardi- nus avellanarius. Myoxus nitedula. dula. Myoxrus nitella. cinus. See Dyromys ivite- See Eliomys quer- Family CAvripAkE. Cavia aperea: Subulura uncinata. Cavia aperia. See Cavia aperea. Cavia cobaya. See Cavia porcellus. Cavia porcellus: Trichinella spiralis. Paraspidodera uncinata. Gongylonema neoplasticum. Hydrocherus capibara. choerus hydrochaeris. Hydrochoerus capybara. choerus hydrochacris. Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris: Oxryuris obesa. Viannaia hydrocheri. See Hydro- See Hydro- Family CASTORIDAE. Castor fiber: Trichocephalus castoris. Ascaris castoris. Strongylus species. Filaria species. Gongylonema (?) species. Family, genus, and species unknown. “Large rodent: ” Acheilostoma simpsoni. Trachypharyne nigeriae. 232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. LAGOMORPHA. Family Lreporipar. Lepus arcticus: Ozyuris ambigua. Lepus brasiliensis. See Sylvilagus bra- siliensis. Lepus californicus melanotis: Dermatoxys veligera. Lepus campestris: Filaria scapiceps. Lepus cuniculus. See Oryctolagus cu- niculus. Lepus cuniculus domesticus, ryctolagus cuniculus. Lepus cuniculus ferus. gus cuniculus. see O- See Oryctola- Lepus europaeus: Trichuris leporis. Trichinella spiralis. (?) Hepaticola hepatica. Oxryuris ambigua. Strongylus leporwm. Trichostrongylus retortaeformis. Graphidium strigosum. Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. Lepus glacialis. See Lepus arcticus. Lepus kabilicus: Dermatorys veligera. Lepus nigricollis: Trichostrongylus pigmentatus, Lepus species: Oxryuris ambigua. Lepus syivaticus. See Sylvilagus flori- danus mallurus. HYRACOIDEA. Lepus timidus (See also Lepus euro- paeus): Trichuris leporis. Filaria leporis. Lepus variabilis. See Lepus ltimidus. Oryctolagus cuniculus: Strongyloides papillosus. Trichuris leporis. Trichinella spiralis. Oxryuris ambigua. Strongylus leporum. Trichostrongylus retortaeformis. Graphidiunm strigosum. Synthetocaulus ruyescens. Gongylonema neoplasticum. Sylvilagus auduboni baileyi: Dermatoxrys veligera. Sylvilagus brasiliensis: Dermatoxrys veligera. Sylvilagus floridanus: Trichuris leporis. Sylvilagus floridanus alacer: Filaria scapiceps. Sylvilagus jfloridanus mallurus: Trichuris leporis. Oxryuris ambigua. Trichostrongylus calcaratus, Filaria scapiceps. Sylvilagus nuitalli pinetis: Dermatoxrys veligera. Family PRocAVIDAE. (It is understood that the above names can not both stand, but as both are in present use they are used here pending an agreement as to the nomenclature in this group.) Heterohyrax mossambica. See Pro- cavia brucei. Hyrax capensis. Sis. Hyraz syriacus. aca. Procavia brucei: Strongylus (Deletrocephalus) bra- chylaimus. See Procavia capen- See Procavia syri- Procavia capensis: Crossophorus collaris. Crossophorus tentaculatus. Physaloptera spirula. Procavia syriaca: Crossophorus collaris. Oxzyuris flagellum, Oxryuris pugio. Physaloptera spirula. i i ia a i i BIBLIOGRAPHY. ABILDGAARD. 1795.—Quoted by Railliet, 1895a, p. 481. ALESSANDRINI, ANTONIO. 1888.—Osservazioni anatomiche intorno a diverse specie di entozoarii del genere VFilaria. N. Ann. d. se. nat., Bologna, an. 1, vol. 1, pp. 1-17, pl. 1, figs. 1-12. VON Baxopy, THEODOR. . . 1866.—Ueber ein trichinenartiges Nematoid bei der Ratte. (Briefliche Mittheilung an den Herausgeber.) Arch. f. path. Anat. [ete.], Berlin, vol. 36 (ser. 3, vol. 6 (3)), Juli, pp. 485-486, pl. 11, figs. 2-12. Bancrort, THomMAS L. [1893].—On the whip worm of the rat’s liver. Journ. and Proc. Roy. Soc. N. South Wales, Sydney, vol. 27, pp. 86-90, pl. 7, figs. 1-8, 7; pl. 8, figs. 4-6. BARKER, FRANKLIN D. 1915.—Parasites of the American muskrat (Fiber zibethicus). Journ. Parasitol., Urbana, Il., vol. 1 (4), June, pp. 184-197, figs. a—d, pls. 1-2. Bavay, A. 1876.—Sur Vanguillule stercorale. Compt. rend. Acad. d. sci., Paris, vol. 83 (15), 9 oct., pp. 694-696. 1877.—Sur Vanguillule intestinale (Anguillula intestinalis), nouveau ver nématoide, trouvé par le Dr. Normand chez les malades atteints de didarrhée de Cochinchine. Compt. rend. Acad. d. sci., Paris, vol. 84 (6), 5 fév., pp. 266-268. BELLINGHAM, O’BRYEN. 1844.—Catalogue of Irish entozoa, with observations. Ann. and Mag. Nat. 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Craus, Cart FREDERICK WILHELM. 1885.—Lehrbuch der Zoologie. 38. ed., xi+828 pp., 762 figs. Octavo. Mar- burg und Leipzig. Coss, NATHAN AUGUSTUS. 1896.—Wormy fowls. Agric. Gaz. N. South Wales, Sydney, vol. 7 (2), Nov., pp. 746-758, figs. 1-8. 1914.—Rhabditin. Contribution to a science of nematology. Journ. Para- sitol., Urbana, Ill., vol. 1 (1), Sept., pp. 40-41, 1 pl., figs. 1-6. CossoLp, THOMAS SPENCER. 1864.—Entozoa: An introduction to the study of helminthology, with refer- ence, more particularly, to the internal parasites of man. xxvi+-480 pp., 82 figs., 21 pls. Octavo. London. 1876.—Notes on Entozoa. Part 4. Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond. (19), pp. 294-298, pl. 21, figs. 1-20. 1879.—Parasites; a treatise on the Entozoa of man and animals, including some account of the Ectozoa. xi-+-508 pp., 85 figs. Octavo. London. CoLIN, GABRIEL CONSTANS. 1862.—Sur la présence d’un helminthe dans certains tubercules du foie. Ree. de méd. vét., Paris, vol. 39 (4. s., v. 9 (7)), juillet, pp. 722-724, CREPLIN, F'RIDRICH CHRISTIAN HrnricH. 1825.—Observationes de entozois. x-+86 pp., 1 1, 1 pl., 17 figs. Octavo. Gryphiswaldiae. 1829.—Novae observationes de entozois. iv+134 pp., 1 1, 2 pls., 20 figs. Octavo. Berolini. 1839.—Hingeweidewiirmer, Binnenwiirmer, Thierwiirmer. Allg. Eneycl. d. Wissensch. u. Kiinste (Ersch & Gruber), Leipzig, 1. sect., vol. 32, pp. 277-302. 1844.—Endozoologische Beitriige. 4. Amphistomum scleroporum mihi, sp. n. 5. Zweifelhafte Rundwiirmer. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 10 J., vol. 1, pp. 112-118, pl. 3, fig. A. 1846.—Filaria. Allg. Enecycl. d. Wissensch. u. Kiinste (Ersch & Gruber), Leipzig, 1. sect., vol. 44, pp. 154-178. 1849.—Nachtriige von Creplin zu Gurlt’s Verzeichnisse der Thiere, in welchen Endozoen gefunden worden sind. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 15 J., vol. 1, pp. 52-80. 18538.—EHingeweidewtirmer des Dicholophus cristatus. Abhandl. d. naturf. Gesellsch. zu Halle, vol. 1 (1), pp. 59-68. CURTICE, COOPER. 1890.—The animal parasites of sheep. 222 pp., 86 pls. Octavo. Washing- ton. No, 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. Dao DavVAINE, CASIMIR-JOSEPH. 1860.—Traité des entozoaires et des maladies vermineuses de homme et des animaux domestiques. xix-+xcii+S38 pp., 57+31 figs. Paris. 1877.—Traité des entozoaires et des maladies vermineuses de ’Vhomme et des animaux domestiques. 2 éd., exxxii+1003 pp., 72+-38 figs. Paris. DESCAZEAUX, J. 1915.—Contribution 4 V’étude de I’ “ esponja” ou plaies d’été des équidés du Brésil. Bull. Soc. centr. de méd. vét., Paris, vol. 69, 80 jan.—30 sept., pp. 468-486, figs. 1-3. DESLONGCHAMPS, EUGENE EuUDEsS. 1824.—Filaire. Filaria. Eneycl. méthodique, Paris, vol. 2, pp. 391-897. DIESING, Kart Moritz. 1851.—Systema helminthum. vol. 2, vi--588 pp., 21. Vindobonae. 1857.—Sechzehn Arten von Nematoideen. Denkschr. d. k. Akad. d. Wis- sensch., Wien, math.-naturw. CL, vol. 18, 1. Abt., pp. 6-26, pls. 1-4. 1861.—Revision der Nematoden. Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.-naturw. Cl. (1860), vol. 42 (28), 6. Dec., pp. 595-736, 1 pl., figs. 1-11. Doctor, Huco. 1907.—Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der verminésen Pneumonie des Hasen. Diss. 54+[1] pp., 2 pls., figs. A-D. Octavo. Borna-Leipzig. VON DRASCHE, RICHARD. 1883.—Revision der in der Nematoden-Sammlung des k. k. zoologischen Hofcabinetes befindlichen Original-Exemplare Diesing’s und Molin’s. Verhandl. d. k. k. zool.-bot. Geselisch. in Wien (1882), vol. 82, pp. 117-188, pls. 7-10. [Advance separate published in 1882. } 1884.—Idem [continued]. Ibidem (1883), vol. 88, pp. 107-118, pls. 3-5; pp. 1938-218, pls. 11-14. DUJARDIN, FELIX. 1845.—Histoire naturelle des helminthes ou vers intestinaux. xvi+654-++15 pp., 12 pls. Octavo. Paris. EBERTH, CARL JOSEPH. 1863.—Untersuchungen tiber Nematoden. 2 p.1., 77 pp., 9 pls. Leipzig. FIBIGER, JOHANNES. 1913.—Ueber eine durch Nematoden (Spiroptera sp. n.) hervorgerufene papillomatése und earcinomatése Geschwulstbildung im Magen der Ratte. [Read before Med. Gesellsch. zu WKopenhagen, 7. Jan.] Berl. klin. Wehnschr., vol. 50 (7), 17. Feb., pp. 289-298, figs. 1-12. FIBIGER, JOHANNES; and DiItTLEVSEN, HJALMAR. 1914.— Contributions to the biology and morphology of Spiroptera (Gon- gylonema) neoplastica n. sp. 28 pp., 3 figs., 4 pls., 82 figs. Quarto. Kgbenhavn. FISCHER VON WALDHEIM, GOTTHELF. [1798].—Sur un nouveau genre de vers intestins, Cystidicola farionis, suivi de quelques remarques sur les milieux dans lesquels les vers intestins vivent. Journ. de phys., chim. et d’hist. nat., Paris. (An 7 de la Répub- lique, Vendémiaire), vol. 4 [v. 47], pp. 804-809, 1 pl., figs. 1-8. 1799.—Ueber einen neu entdeckten Wurm in der Fischblase der Forelle, Cys- tidicola farionis, an Herrn Prof. Reil. Arch. f. d. Physiol., Halle, vol. 3 (1), pp. 95-100, pl. 2, figs. 1-6. 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Kocu, ALots. 1883.—Die Nematoden der Schaflunge (Lungenwurmkrankheit der Schafe). 382 pp., 1 pl. Octavo. Wien. DE LAMARCK, JEAN-BAPTISTE-PIERRE-ANTOINE DE MONFT, 1801.—Systéme des animaux sans vertébres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; présentant leurs caractéres essentiels et leur distribution, d’aprés la considération de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et Suivant arrangement établi dans les galeries du Muséum d’Hist. Naturelle, parmi leurs dépouilles conservées ; précédé du discours d’ouverture du cours de zoologie, donné dans le Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle lan. 8 de la République. viii4--432 pp. Octavo. Paris. [An. 9 de la République. ] 1816.—Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres. Vol. 38, 586 pp. Octavo. Paris. LANE, CLAYTON. 1914.—Suckered round-worms from India and Ceylon. Indian Journ. Med. Research, Calcutta, vol. 2 (2), Oct., pp. 655-669, pls. 74-81. LEE, CHARLES A. 1840.—An account of a Filaria in a horse’s eye, with remarks on similar phenomena, and the mode of their origin. Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, N. Haven, vol. 89 (2), July—Sept., pp. 278-295, 2 figs. LrEIpy, JOSEPH. 1856.—A synopsis of Hntozoa and some of their ectocongeners observed by the author. Proc. Acad. Nat«Sci., Phila., vol. 8 (1), Jan.—Feb., pp. 42-58. 1886.—Notices of nematoid worms. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. [vol. 38, 3. s., vol. 16] (8), Oct.Dec., pp. 808-818, 1 fig. [pp. 808-812 published Oct. 12; p. 313 published Oct. 26]. 1891.—Notices of Entozoa. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. [vol. 42, 3. ser., vol. 20] (3), Oct.-Dec., 1890, pp. 410-418. [Published Jan. 20.] 1904.—Researches in helminthology and parasitology. With a bibliography of his contributions to science arranged and edited by Joseph Leidy, jr. 281 pp., figs. Octavo. Washington. (Smithson. Mise. Collect., Wash. (1477), vol. 46.) Lrrerer, Ropert T. 1908.—An account of some helminthes contained in Dr. Wenyon’s collection from the Sudan. 38. Rep. Wellcome Research Lab., London, pp. 187-199, figs. 44-50, pls. 21-22. 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. LEIPER, Rosert T.—Continued. 1911.—Some new parasitic nematodes from tropical Africa. [Read Apr. 25.] Proe. Zool. Soc. London (2), June, pp. 549-555, figs. 140-144. LEIrer, Rosert T.; and ATKINSON, EH. L. 1914.—Helminthes of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-1913. [Remarks with demonstration, Feb. 17.] Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1), Mar., pp. 222-226. LEUCKART, FRIEDRICH SIGISMUND. 1842.—_Helminthologische Beitrige. (Zoologische Bruchstiicke. 3.) 2 1. 60 pp., 2 pls. Quarto. Freiburg. LEUCKART, KARL GEORG FRIEDRICH RUDOLPH. 1865.—Bericht iiber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen in der Naturge- schichte der niederen Thiere wiihrend der Jahre 1864 und 1865. (Erste Hiilfte.) Arch. f. 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Ein Verzeichniss der bekannten Helminthen, die frei oder in thierischen Kérpern leben, geordnet nach ihren Wohnthieren, unter Angabe der Organe, in denen sie gefunden sind, und mit Beifiigung der Litteraturquellen. xxii+3882 pp. Octavo. Hannover. [Published 16. Mai.] 1878b.—Neue Beobachtungen an Helminthen, Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 44 J., vol. 1 (2), pp. 218-245, pls. 7-9, figs. 1-35. 1879a.—Helminthologische Studien. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 45 J., vol. 1 (2), pp. 165-188, pls. 11-12, figs. 1-39. [1879b].—Helminthologische Untersuchungen. Jahresh. d. Ver. f. vaterl. Naturk. in Wiirttemb., Stuttgart, vol. 35, pp. 3138-342, pl. 5, figs. 1-24. 1882.—Helminthologische Studien. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 48 J., vol. 1 (1), pp. 1-25, pls. 1-2, figs. 1-29. 1888.—Nematoden, Trematoden und Acanthocephalen, gesammelt von Prof. Fedtschenko in Turkestan. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 49 J., vol. 1 (2), pp. 274-314, pls. 6-9, figs. 1-52. 1884.—Helminthologisches. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 50 J., vol. 1 (2), pp. 125-145, pls. 7-10, figs. 1-35. 1885.—Beobachtungen an bekannten und neuen Nematoden und Trema- toden. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 51 J., vol. 1 (3), pp. 235-255, pls. 13-15, figs. 1-81. 1887.—Helminthologische Untersuchungen. Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. f. Syst., vol. 3 (1), 15. Nov., pp. 97-114, pl. 2, figs. 1-17. No, 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 239 von Linstow, OTTO FRIEDRICH BrERNHARD—Continued. 1889.—Compendium der Helminthologie. Nachtrag. Die Litteratur der Jahre 1878-1889. xvi+151 pp. Octavo. Hannover. 1897.—Nemathelminthen grésstentheils in Madagascar gesammelt. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 63 J., vol. 1 (1), Oct., pp. 27-34, pls. 4-5, figs. 1-26. 1899.—Nematoden aus der Berliner zoologischen Sammlung. Mitt. a. d. zool, Sammi. d. Mus. f. Naturk. in Berlin, vol. 1 (2), pp. 3-28, pls. 1-6, figs. 1-78. : 1901.—Helminthen von den Ufern des Nyassa-Sees, ein Beitrag zur Hel- minthen-auna von Stid-Afrika. Jenaische Ztschr. f. Naturw., Jena, vol. 35, n. F., vol. 28 (4), 20. Apr., pp. 409-428, pls. 18-14, figs. 1-34, A-H. 1902.—[Unicinaria americana.] (Jn abstract of Stiles, C. W., 1902.) Zool. Centralbl., Leipzig, vol. 9 (24-25), 16. Dec., p. 778. 1903.—Parasiten, meistens Helminthen, aus Siam. Arch. f. mikr. Anat., Bonn, vol. 62 (1), 21. Apr., pp. 108-121, pl. 5, figs. 1-23. 1904.—Nematoda in the collection ef the Colombo Museum. Spolia Zey- lanica, Colombo, vol. 1 (4), Feb., pp. 91--104, pls. 1-2, figs. 1-27. 1905.—Helninthen aus Ceylon und aus arktischen Breiten. Ztschr. f. wissensch. Zool., Leipzig, vol. 82, 10. Nov., Festschr. Ehlers, vol. 1, pp. 182-198, pl. 13, figs. 1-15. 1906.—Ostpreussische Nematoden. pp. 111-114, 1 pl. 7 figs. Octavo. [n. p.] (Advance separate from Schrift. d. phys.-Gkonom. Gesellsch. zu Konigsb. i. Pr. (1906), vol. 47.) 1909¢.—Parasitische Nematoden. Siisswasserfauna Deutschlands (Brauer), Jena, Heft 15, pp. 47-83, figs. 1-80. 1909b.—Neue Helminthen aus Deutsch-Stidwest-Afrika. Centralbl. f. Bak- teriol. [ete.], Jena, 1. Abt., vol. 50 (4), 9. Juni, Orig., pp. 448-451, figs. 1-4. Looss, ARTHUR. 1902a.—The Sclerostomidae of horses and donkeys in Egypt. Ree. Egypt. Govt. School Med., Cairo, pp. 25-139, pls. 1-13, figs. 1-172. [Published May 13, according to letter from Looss, dated Jan. 26, 1904. ] 1902b.—Ueber die Giltigkeit des Gattungsnamens Ankylostomum Dubini. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. [ete.], Jena, 1. Abt., vol. 31 (9), 5. Apr., Orig., pp. 422-426. 1905.—Das Genus Trichestrongylus n. ¢., mit zwei neuen gelegentlichen Parasiten des Menschen. (Notizen zur Helminthologie Aegyptens. 6.) Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. [ete.], Jena, 1. Abt., vol. 89 (4), 22. Sept., Orig., pp. 409-422, pls. J-2, figs. 1-14. 1911.—The anatomy and life history of Agchylostoma duodenale Dub. A monograph. Part 2. The development in the free state. Rec. School Med., Ministry Education, Egypt, Cairo, vol. 4, pp. 159-618, pls. 11-19, figs: 101-208, photograms 7-41. Lutz, ADOLPH. 1894.—Beobachtungen fiber die als Taenia nana und flavopunctata bekann- ten Bandwtirmer des Menschen. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. [ete.], Jena, 1. Abt., vol. 16 (2), 9. Juli, pp. 61-67. McCoy, GrorcE W. 1908.—Pathological conditions found in rats—observations based upon ex- amination of 50,000 rats in the laboratory of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service, San Francisco, Cal. Pub. Health Rep., U. S. Pub. Health and Mar.-Hosp. Serv., Washington, vol. 23 (39), Sept. 25, pp. 1865-1371. 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. McCoy, Grorce W.—Continued. 1911.—A microfilaria (Microfilaria rosenaui n. sp.) from the California grovnd squirrel (Citellus beecheyi). Parasitology, Cambridge [Eng.], vol. 4 (8), Oct. 24, pp. 220-221, pl. 7. DE MAGALHAES, PEDRO SEVERIANO. 1878.—As micro-filarias na agua da Carioca (Rio de Janeiro). Gaz. med. da Bahia, an. 10, 2. s., vol. 3 (1), Jan., pp. 13-14. MANSON, (Sir) PATRICK.* 1880.—Further observations on micro-filariae, with descriptions of new species. Communicated (with a prefatory note) by the President [Thomas Spencer Cobbold, June 25]. Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, Lon- don (44), vol. 6, Aug., pp. 130-189, pls. 8-10; note by the President, pp. 189-140. MaArcHI, PIETRO. 1871.—Monografia sulla storia genetica e sulla anatomia della Spiroptera . obtusa Rud. [Read 80 dic. 1866.] Mem. r. Accad. d. se. di Torino, el. d. se. fis. e mat., 2. s., vol. 25, pp. 1-30, pls. 1-2, figs. 1-29. MEGNIN, JEAN-PIERRE. 1878.—Sur la pneumonie vermineuse des moutons d’Afrique. [Read 138 juin.] Ree. de méd. vét., Paris, vol. 55, 6. s., v. 5 (12), 30 juin, pp. 686-6388, pls. 1-2. MERAT, FRANGOIS- VICTOR. 1821.—Vers. Dict. d. sc. méd., Paris, vol. 57, pp. 211-281. Mink, O. J. 1909.—Preliminary note on a nematode found in the liver of a wild rat. U. S. Naval Med. Bull., Washington, vol. 3 (1), Jan., p. 52. Morin, RAFFAELE. [1857].—Notizie elmintologiche. [Read 18 gennajo.] Atti r. Ist. Veneto di sc., lett. ed art., Venezia (1856-57), 3. s., vol. 2 (8), pp. 146-152; (4), pp. 216-228, 1 pl., figs. 1-15. 1858a.—Spiroptera chrisoptera. Un nuovo verme intestinale del Tapiro americano. Verhandl. d. k.-k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. in Wien, vol. 8, Abhandl., pp. 273-276, pl. 4, figs. 1-6. 1858b.—Versuch einer Monographie der Filarien. Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. 28 (5), 11. Feb., pp. 365-461, pls. 1-2. 1858e.—Prospectus helminthum, quae in prodromo faunae helminthologicae ~ Venetiae continentur. Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.- naturw. Cl., vol. 30 (14), 20. Mai, pp. 127-158. 1860a.—Una monografia del genere Spiroptera. [Read 15. Dec. 1859.] Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. 38 (28), pp. 911-1005. 1860b.—Trenta specie di nematoidi. Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. 40 (9), 22. Marz, pp. 331-358. 1860c.—Una monografia del genere Physaloptera. Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. 89 (5), pp. 687-672. [1861a].—I1 sottordine degli acrofalli ordinato scientificamente secondo i risultamenti delle indagini anatomiche ed embriogeniche. [Presented 14 gennajo.] Mem. r. Ist. Veneto di sc., lett. ed arti, Venezia (1860), vol. 9, pp. 427-633, pls. 25-338. 1861b.—Prodromus faunae helminthologicae venetae adjectis disquisitionibus anatomicis et criticis. Denkschr. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.- naturw. Cl., vol. 19, 2. Abt., pp. 189-888, pls. 1-15, ca" NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. oak Montez, RoMAIN-LOUIS. 1880.—Un spiroptére d’espéce nouvelle. Bull. scient. dép. du nord [ete.], Paris, vol. 12, 2. s., v. 3 (11), nov., pp. 447-448. 1889.—Sur un strongle de la paroi stomacale des liévres et des lapins de garenne. Rev. biol. du nord de la France, Lille (1888-89) [vol. 1] (9), 1°* juin, pp. 351-354. Morcan, Lewis H. 1868.—The American beaver and his works. xv+17-284 pp., 23 figs., 23 pls. Octavo. Philadelphia. MUELLER, ARTHUR. 1889.—Die Nematoden der Siiugethierlungen und die Lungenwurmkrank- heit. Hine zoologisch-pathologische Untersuchung. Deutsche Ztschr. f. Thiermed., Leipzig, vol. 15 (4-5), 30. Aug., pp. 261-321, pls. 6-9. MUELLER, OTTO FRIEDRICH. (1780).—Zoologiae Danicae seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae rariorum ac minus notorum icones. fasc. 2. Folio. Havniae. 1787.—Verzeichniss der bisher entdeckten Eingeweidewiirmer, der Thiere, in welchen sie gefunden worden, und besten Schriften, die derselben erwihnen. Naturforscher, Halle, vol. 22, pp. 33-86. Nassonoy, N. V. 1897.—Endoparazity siriiskago damana (Procavia syriaca Ehrb.). [Endo- parasiten des syrischen Daman.] [Russian text.] Varshavsk. Univ. Izviest. (2), 28 fev., 18 pp., pls. 1-2. 1898.—Die Endoparasiten von Procavia syriaca Ehrbg. [Abstract of Rus- sian article in Trav. lab. cab. zool. Univ. Varsovie (1896), pp. 199-216, by. N. v. Adelung.] Zool. Centralbl., Leipzig, vol. 5 (10), 19. Mai, p. 319. NEUMANN, LoUIS-GEORGES. 1894.—Sur le genre Gongylonema Molin. Mém. Soc. zool. de France, Paris, vol. 7 (4), pp. 4638-478, figs. 1-4. NEVEU-LEMAIRE, MAuRICE. 1912.—Parasitologie des animaux domestiques. Maladies parasitaires non bactériennes. ii--1257 pp., 770 figs. Duodecimo. Paris. NIcoLL, WILLIAM. 1911.—On a unique pathological condition in a hare. [Abstract of remarks, with exhibition of specimens, Apr. 25.] Proc. Zool. Soc. London (3), Sept., pp. 674-676, fig. 165. NiTzscH, CHRISTIAN LUDWIG. 1821.—Ascaris. Allg. Eneycl. d. Wissensch. u. Kiinste (Hrsch und Gruber), Leipzig [1. Sect.], v. 6, pp. 44-49, 2 pls. 1829.—Spiroptera strumosae descriptio. 13 pp., 1 pl, 9 figs. Quarto. Halae. OERLEY, LADISLAUS. 1885a.—A czapaiknak és Rajaknak belférgei. Természet. fiizetek, Buda- pest, vol. 9 (2), apr.-junius, pp. 97-126, pls. 9-10, figs. 1-23. [Published majus 31.] 1885b.—Die Entozoen der Haien und Rochen. [Résumé of 1885a.] Ibidem, pp. 216-220, pls. 9-10, figs. 1-28. OWEN, (Sir) RICHARD, 1885.—Description of a microscopic entozoon infesting the muscles of the human body. [Read Feb. 24.] Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 1, pp. 315-824, pl. 41, figs. 1-9. PARONA, CORRADO. 1889.—Sopra alcuni elminti di vertebrati birmani raccolti da Leonardo Fea. Ann. Mus. civ. di storia nat. di Genova, vol. 27 (2. s., vol. 7), 10 ott.-14 ott., pp. 765-780, pl. 3, figs. 1-18. 10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——16 249 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Parona, CorrADo—Continued. 1894.—L’elmintologia italiana da suoi primi tempi all’’anno 1890. Storia, sistematica, corologia e bibliografia. Atti r. Univ. di Genova, vol. 13, 733 pp., map. 1898.—Elminti raccolti dal Dott. Elio Modigliani alle isole Mentawei, Engano e Sumatra. Ann, mus. civ. di storia nat. di Genova (1898-99), vol. 89 (2. s., vol. 19), 14 luglio, pp. 102-124, pl. 1, figs. 1-19. 1907.—Nuove specie di nematodi africani. (Nota preventiva.) (Spedizione al Ruwenzori di S. A. R. Luigi Amedeo di Savoia, duca degli Abruzzi. 24.) Boll. mus. di zool. ed anat. comp. d. r. Univ. di Torino (566), vol. 2, 27 luglio, 4 pp. ; 1909.—Vermi parassiti di vertebrati. Muwenzori, Milano, parte scient., vol. 1, pp. 415-422, figs. 1-5. PASSERINI, NAPOLEONE. 1884.—Sulla Filaria terminalis auctor. Atti Soc. ital. di se. nat., Milano, vol. 27 (1), apr., pp. 42-63, pls. 1-5. PEREBOOM, CORNELIS. 1780.—Descriptio et iconica delineatio novi generis vermium, stomachidae dicti, in corpore humano hospitantium: Accedit observatio medico- practica de lumbrico per urethram excreto; nec non de lumbrico alvino, ut ut mortuo, parturiente. [Latin and Dutch text.] 51 pp., 1 pl. 6 figs. Octavo. Amtelaedami. PERRONCITO, EDOARDO. 1878.—Cellule oviforme del fegato di un cane producenti lesioni analoghe a quelle della psorospermosi epatica del coniglio. [Read 7 giugno 1877.] Ann. r. Accad. d’agric. di Torino (1877), vol. 20, mem., pp. 187-139, 1 pl., figs. 1-8. 1881.—Observations sur le développement de VAnguillula_ stercoralis (Bavay), pseudo-Rhabditis stercoralis (mihi) hors de Vorganisme humain. Journ. de l’anat. et physiol. [ete.], Paris, vol. 17 (6), 28 déc., pp. 499-519, figs. 1-4, pl. 29, figs. 1-8. PERUGIA, ALBERTO. 1893.—Sul Trichosoma del fegato dei muridi. (Note elmintologiche. 3.) Atti Soc. Ligust. di sc. nat. e geogr., Genova, vol. 4, pp. 206-210. PLIMMER, H. G. 1913.—Report on the deaths which occurred in the Zoological Gardens dur- ing 1912, together with the blood-parasites found during the year. [Read Feb. 4.] Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1), Mar., pp. 141-149. 1915.—Report on the deaths which occurred in the Zoological Gardens dur- ing 1914, together with a list of the blood-parasites found during the year. Ibidem (1), Mar., pp. 123-180. PoLonio, ANTONIO FEDERICO. 1860.—Novae helminthum species. Lotos, Prag, vol. 10, Feb., pp. 21-28. RAILLIET, ALCIDE. 1892.—Sur la fréquence de la strongylose gastro-intestinale des léporidés. [Read 14 avril.] Bull. Soc. centr. de méd. vét., Paris, vol. 46 (n. s., vol. 10), pp. 195-198; discussion, pp. 198-199. 1893.—Traité de zoologie médicale et agricole. 2. éd. [fase. 1], 786 pp., 494 figs. Octavo. Paris. [Published déc.] 1895.—Traité de zoologie médicale et agricole. 2. éd. [fase. 2], xv+737- 1303 pp., figs. 495-892. Octavo. Paris. [Published mai.] 1896.—Sur quelques parasites du dromadaire. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 48, 10. ser., vol. 3 (17), 22 mai, pp. 489-492. 1898.—Rectification de la nomenclature d’aprés les travaux récents. Rec. de méd. vét., Paris, vol. 75 (8. s., vol. 5), 15 mars, pp. 171-174. ee ee No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 243 RAILLIET, ALCIDE—Continued. 1901.—[De l’ankylostomasie.] [Letter, dated 18 mars, in response to André, Bt., 1901, pp. 447-452.] Echo vét., Liége, vol. 30 (1), mars, pp. 38—40. 1902.—Sur quelques sclérostomiens parasites des ruminants et des porcins. [Read 1°" fév.] Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 54 (4), 7 fév., pp. 107-110. 1915.—L’emploi des médicaments dans le traitement des maladies causées par des nématodes. Rec. de méd. vét., Paris, vol. 91 (15), 15 aofit, pp. 490-513. RAILLIET, ALCIDE; and Henry, A. 1907.—Sur les variations des strongyles de l’appareil respiratoire des mam- miferes. [Read 21 déc.] Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 63 (38), 27 déc., pp. 751-758. 1909a.—Sur la classification des Strongylidae: 1. Metastrongylinae. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 66 (2), 22 jan., pp. 85-88. 1909b.—Idem. 2. Ankylostominae. Ibidem (4), 5 fév., pp. 168-171. 1910.—Quelques helminthes nouveaux ou peu connus du groupe des bunostomiens. Bull. Soc. de path. exot., Paris, vol. 8 (5), 11 mai, pp. 311-315. 1911.—Helminthes du pore recueillis par M. Bauche en Annam. Bull. Soc. de path. exot., Paris, vol. 4 (10), 13 déc., pp. 693-699. 1912a.—Les oesophagostomiens parasites de ’homme. pp. 562-583, pls. 22— 24, 23 figs. Octavo. Paris. [Published 23 fév.] [Reprint from Arch. de parasitol., Paris, vol. 14 (4).] 1912b.—Quelques nématodes parasites des reptiles. Bull. Soc. de path. exot., Paris, vol. 5 (4), 10 avril, pp. 251-259, figs. 1-3. 1912c.—Observations sur les strongylidés du genre Nematodirus. Bull. Soc. de path. exot., Paris, vol. 5 (1), 10 jan., pp. 35-39. 1914.—Essai de classification des ‘‘ Heterakidae.” [Compt.-rend.] 9. Cong. internat. de zool., Rennes (Monaco, 25-80 mars, 1913), pp. 674-682. 1915.—Sur les nématodes du genre Goezia Zeder. Bull. Soe. de path. exot., Paris, vol. 8 (5), 12 mai, pp. 270-275. Ransom, BRAYTON Howarp. 1907.—Notes on parasitic nematodes, including descriptions of new genera and species, and observations on life histories. Circular 116, Bureau Animal Indust., U. 8. Dept. Agric., Washington, Sept. 14, 7 pp. [Pub- lished Oct. 4.] 1911a.—The nematodes parasitic in the alimentary tract of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants. Bull. 127, Bureau Animal Indust., U. S. Dept. Agric., Washington, May 13, 132 pp., figs. 1-152. 1911b.—Two new species of parasitic nematodes. pp. 863-369, 7 figs. Octavo. Washington. [Published Oct. 31.] (Advance separate from Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Wash. (1864), v. 41.) 1913.—The life history of Habronema muscae (Carter), a parasite of the horse transmitted by the house fly. Bull. 163, Bureau Animal Indust., U.S. Dept. Agric., Washington, Apr. 3, pp. 1-36, figs. 1-41. Ransom, Brayton Howarp; and Hart, Maurice C. 1916.—The life history of Gongylonema scutatum. Journ. Parasitol, Urbana, IIl., vol. 2 (2) (Dec. 1915), pp. 80-86. RAYER, PIERRE-FRANCOIS-OLIVE, 1843.—Sur les trichosomes observés dans la vessie du surmulot (Mus decumanus) et dans la vessie du renard commun (Canis vulpes). Arch, de méd. comp. (Rayer), Paris, vol. 1 (3), pp. 180-183, pls. 7-8. 944. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. ReEp1, FRANCESCO. 1708.—De animalculis vivis, quae in corporibus animalium viventium reperiuntur observationes. Ex etruscis latinas fecit Petrus Coste. 11 p. 1., 842 pp., 1 1, 26 pls. 24mo. Amstelaedami. RETz1us, ANDERS. 1841.—Ueber den Bau des Magens bei den in Schweden vorkommenden Miihlmiiusen (Lemmus Nilss., Hypudaeus Jllig.). [Transl. from the Swedish by F. C. H. Creplin.] Arch. f. Anat., Physiol. u. wissensch. Med., Berlin, pp. 408-420, pl. 14, figs. 2-9. RosBINSsoN, GEORGE H. 1913.—The rats of Providence and their parasites. Amer. Journ. Pub. Health, New York, vol. 3 (8), Aug., pp. 773-776. ROEDERER, JOANNES GEORGIUS. 1761.—[Noch nicht beschriebene Art Witirmer im menschlichen Ko6rper.] [Secretary’s abstract.] Gé6tting. Anz. v. gelehrt. Sachen (1761-62), 25. St., vol. 1, 10. Oct., pp. 243-246. RoMANOVITCH ; and SLAVINE, A. 1914—Etude sur l’évolution du Dictyeaulus [sic] filaria (Strongylus filaria) et Vinfestation des moutons. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 77 (27), 81 juillet, pp. 444-445. Rosa, VINCENZO. (1794).—Lettere zoologiche, ossia osservazioni sopra diversi animali. Gior. fis.-med., Pavia, an. 7, vol. 4, pp. 258-269. ROVELLI, GIUSEPPE. (1888a).—Ricerche sugli organi genitali degli Strongyloides (Anguillula, Rhabdonema). 12 pp., 1 pl. Folio. Como. 1888b.—Idem. [Abstract by Max. Braun.] Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. [ete.], Jenn, 2 J., vol. 4 (21), pp. 660-661. RuvorpHt, Cart ASMUND. 1801.—Beobachtungen iiber die Hingeweidewiirmer. Arch. f. Zool. u. Zoot., Braunschweig, vol. 2 (1), pp. 1-65. 1802.—Fortsetzung der Beobachtungen iiber die Eingeweidewiirmer. [Con- tinuation of 1801.] Ibidem (2), pp. 1-67, pl. 1. 1803.—Neue Beobachtungen tiber die Hingeweidewiirmer. Arch. f. Zool. u. Zoot., Braunschweig, vol. 3 (2), pp. 1-82. 1809.—Entozoorum sive vermium intestinalium historia naturalis. vol. 2 (1), 457 pp., pls. 7-12. Octavo. Amstelaedami. 1810.—Idem. vol. 2 (2), xii+886 pp. Octavo. Amstelaedami. 1819.—Entozoorum synopsis cui accedunt mantissa duplex et indices locu- pletissimi. x-+811 pp., 3 pls. Octavo. Berolini. SCHLOTTHAUBER. 1860.—Beitriige zur Helminthologie. Amtl. Ber. ti. d. 31. Versamml. deutsch. Naturf. u. Aerzte, Gottingen (1854), pp. 121-133. SCHMALTZ, 1903.—Wurmkrankheit beim Elefanten. Berl. thieriirztl. Wehnschr. (3), 15. Jan., pp. 42-48. SCHNEIDER, ANTON. 1866.—Monographie der Nematoden. viiit+357 pp., 122 figs., 28 pls., 343 figs. Quarto. Berlin. SCHRANK, FRANZ VON PAULA. 1788.—Verzeichniss der bisher hinlinglich bekannten Hingeweidewiirmer, nebst einer Abhandlung tiber ihre Anverwandtschaften. 5 p. 1., 116 pp., 1 table. Duodecimo. Miinchen. No, 2131. eee PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 945 SETTI, ERNESTO. 1897a.—Nuovi elminti dell’Hritrea. Boll. mus. di zool. [ete.], Genova (57), 50 pp., pls. 8-9, 41 figs. 1897b.—_Idem. Atti Soc. Ligust. di se. nat. e geogr., Genova, vol. 8 (2), giugno, pp. 198-247, pls. 8-9, figs. 1-41. Seurat, L. G. 1911.—Sur Vhabitat et les migrations du Spirura talpae Gmel. (=Spirop- tera strumosa Rud.). Compt. rend. Soe. de biol., Paris, vol. 71 (85), 15 déc., pp. 606-608. 1912a.—Sur la morphologie de l’ovijecteur de quelques nématodes. Compt. rend. Soe. de biol., Paris, vol. 72 (18), 24 mai, pp. 778-781, figs. 1-4. 1912b.—Sur la quatriéme mue des nématodes parasites. Compt. rend. Soe, de biol., Paris, vol. 73 (28), 2 aotit, pp. 279-281, figs. 1-2. 1913.—Le gundi, nouvel hdte du Nematodirus filicollis (Rud.). Compt. rend. Soe. de biol., Paris, vol. 74 (16), 9 mai, pp. 954-956, 1 fig. 1914a.—Sur quelques Hetérakis d’oiseaux. pp. 195-202, figs. 1-5. Octavo. Alger. [Reprint from Bull. Soc. dhist. nat. de VAfrique du nord., vol. 6 (7), 15 juillet.] 19146.—Sur un nouveau spiroptére du chat ganté. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 77 (25), 17 juillet, pp. 344-347, figs. 1-5. 1914c.—Sur deux nouveaux Hétérakis du Sud-algérien. Bull. Soc. d’hist. nat. de Afrique du nord, Alger, vol. 6 (8), 15 nov., pp. 222-225, figs. 1-4. 1914d.—Sur Vaccouplement précoce d’un oxyure. Compt. rend. Acad. d. se., Paris, vol. 159 (22), 30 nov., pp. 755-757. 1914e.—Sur un nouveau gongylonéme, parasite de la gerbille. [Read 28 nov.] Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 77 (81), 11 déc., pp. 521-524, figs. 1-4. 1914f.—Sur la morphologie de l’appareil génital femelle des Spiruridae. Compt. rend. Acad. d. se., Paris, vol. 159 (26), 28 déc., pp. 1016-1018. 1915a.—Sur un nouvel Ophiostomum parasite du gundi. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 78 (2), 5 fév., pp. 20-22, figs. 1-4. 1915b.—Sur deux nouveaux oxyures du Maroc. Bull. Soe. d’hist. nat. de Afrique du nord, Alger, vol. 7 (2), 15 fév., pp. 24-31, figs. 1-9. 1915e.—Sur Vexistence, en Algérie, du Dermatoxys veligera (Rud.) et sur les affinités du genre Dermatoxys. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 78 (5), 19 mars, pp. 75-79, figs. 1-4. [1915d.]—Expédition de MM. Walter Rothschild, E. Hartert, et C. Hilgert dans le Sud Algérien (mars—mai, 1914). Nématodes parasites. 25 pp., figs. A-C, 1-27. Quarto. [n. p.] [Reprint from Novitat. zool., vol. 22, Feb., 1915.] 1915e.—Sur deux nouveaux parasites du renard d’Algérie. [Read 20 mars.] Compt. rend. Soe. de biol., Paris, vol. T8 (6), 2 avril, pp. 122-126, figs. 1-4. 1915f.—Sur les rictulaires des carnivores du Nord-Africain et les affinités du genre Rictularia. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 78 (11), 25 juin, pp. 318-322, figs. 1-3. 1915¢.—Sur les conditions de la ponte du strongle lisse. Bull. scient. de la France et de la Belg., Paris, 7. s., vol. 48 (3), 10 mai, pp. 171-177, figs. 1-4. 1915r.—Sur les premiers stades évolutifs des spiroptéres. Compt. rend. Soe. de biol., Paris, vol. 78 (17), 19 nov., pp. 561-565, figs. 1-5. SHIPLEY, ARTHUR EVERETT; and FEARNSIDES, HL. G. 1906.—The effects of metazoan parasites on their hosts. Journ. Econom. Biol., London, vol. 1 (2), Mar. 30, pp. 41-62. 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. von SIEBOLD, CARL THEODOR ERNST. 1837.—Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Helminthen. (Jn Burdach, Karl Friedrich. Die Physiologie als Erfahrungswissenschaft. 2. Aufl., vol. 2, 4. Buch, pp. 183-213. Octavo. Leipzig.) pA Sirva Lima, JoSE FRANCISCO. 1877.—Novos factos para a historia da Filaria de Wucherer ; descobrimento da Filaria adulta no Rio de Janeiro. Gaz. med. da Bahia, an. 9, 2. s., vol. 2 (12), dec., pp. 5388-546. Sturrer, C. PH.; and SwWELLENGREBEL, N. H. 1912.—De dierlijke parasieten van den mensch en van onze huisdieren. Tweede veel vermeerderde en verbeterde druk. xvi-++520 pp., 262 figs., 1 pl. Octavo. Amsterdam. SmitTH, ALLEN J. 1908.—Synopsis of studies in metazoan parasitology in McManus labora- tory of pathology, University of Pennsylvania. Univ. Penn. M. Bull, Philadelphia, vol. 20 (12), Feb., pp. 262—[282], pl. 1. SONSINO, PROSPERO. 1878.—Sull’ Anchilostoma duodenale in risposta al Prof. Sangalli. [Letter to editor, dated 9 ott.] Imparziale, Firenze, vol. 18 (20), 31 ott., pp. 609-618. Stites, CHARLES WARDELL. 1892.—Preliminary note on Myzomimus gen. noy., type-species M. scutatus Mueller, 69, a parasite in cattle. (Note on parasites. 4.) Journ. Comp. Med. and Vet. Arch., New York, vol. 18 (2), Feb., pp. 65-67, 1 fig. 1901.—Uncinariosis (anchylostomiasis) in man and animals in the United States. Texas Med. News, Austin, vol. 10 (9), July, pp. 523-5382. 1905.—Oxyurias. (In Stiles & Hassall, 1905, p. 150.) 1907.—The zoological characters of the roundworm genus Vilaria Mueller, 1787, with a list of the thread worms reported for man. Bull. 34, Hyg. Lab., U. S. Pub. Health and Mar.-Hosp. Seryv., Washington, May, pp. 31-51, figs. 26-84. Stites, CHARLES WARDELL; and CRANE, CHARLES GEORGE. 1910.—The internal parasites of the rats and mice in their relation to diseases of man. [Pub. Health Bull.], U. 8S. Pub. Health and Mar.-Hosp. Serv., Washington, pp. 87-110, figs. 9-58. STrues, CHARLES WARDELL; and HASSALL, ALBERT. 1905.—The determination of generic types, and a list of roundworm genera, with their original and type species. Bull. 79, Bureau Animal Indust., U. S. Dept. Agric., Washington [Dec. 22], pp. 1-150. StrossicH, MICHELE. 1890.—I1l genere Trichosoma Rudolphi. Lavoro monografico. Boll. Soe. adriat. di sc. nat. in Trieste, vol. 12, pp. 3-88. 1897.—Filarie e spiroptere. Lavoro monografico. pp. 138-162 (150 pp.). Octavo. Trieste. 1898.—Saggio di una fauna elmintologica di Trieste e provincie contermini. 162 pp. Octavo. Trieste. [Reprint from Program. d. civ. scuola r. sup., Trieste, 1898.] 1899.—Strongylidae. Lavoro monografico. Boll. Soc. adriat. di se. nat. in Trieste, vol. 19, pp. 55-152. TRAVASSOS, LAURO. 1913.—Sobre as especies brazileiras da subfamilia Heterakinae Railliet & Henry. [Portuguese and German text.] Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Jan._Manguinhos, vol. 5 (3), pp. 271-318, pls. 27-81, figs. 1-38. . No, 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 247 TRAVASSOS, LAuro—Continued. 1914a.—Contribuigio para o conhecimento da fauna helmintolojica bra- zileira. 38. Nova genero da familia Heterakidae Railliet & Henry. Contribution to the study of Brazilian helminthology. A new genus of the family Heterakidae Railliet and Henry. [Portuguese and English text.] Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Jan.—Manguinhos, vol. 6 (2), pp. 187-142, pl. 15, figs. 1-3. 1914b.—Tricostrongylideos brazileiros. (8. nota prévia.) 8 pp. Octavo. [n. p.] [MS. dated agosto, 1914.] [Reprinted from Brazil med. (384), 8 set. 1914.] WEDL, CARL. 1856.—Ueber einige Nematoden. [Read 17. Jiin.] Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. 19 (1), pp. 122-134, 1 pL, figs. 1-18. [1861].—Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. (2. Abt.) [Read 14. Nov.] Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.—naturw. Cl, vol. 44, 1. Abt. [(9)], pp. 463-482, pls. 1-3, figs. 1-42. WEINLAND, Davin FRIEDRICH. 1858.—Human cestoides, An essay on the tapeworms of man, giving a full account of their nature, organization, and embryonic development ; the pathological symptoms they produce, and the remedies which have proved successful in modern practice. To which is added an appendix, containing a catalogue of all species of helminthes hitherto found in man, x+93 pp., 12 figs. Octavo. Cambridge [Massachusetts]. WERNER, PAULUS CHRISTIANUS F‘RIDERICUS. 1782.—Vermium intestinalium brevis expositionis continuatio. 28 pp., pls. 8-9. Duodecimo. Lipsiae. VON WILLEMOES-SUHM, RUDOLPH. 1873.—Helminthologische Notizen. 38. Ztschr. f. wissensch. Zool., Leipzig, vol. 23 (3), 18. Nov., pp. 331-345, pl. 17, figs. 1-11. ZEDER, JOHANN GEORG HEINRICH. 1800.—Erster Nachtrag zur Naturgeschichte der Eingeweidewtirmer, mit Zufiissen und Anmerkungen herausgegeben. xx-+320 pp., 6 pls. Quarto. Leipzig. 1803.—Anleitung zur Naturgeschichte der Hingeweidewiirmer. xvi+432 pp., 4 pls. Octavo. Bamberg. Wh ee foe | auch 3 . ak poi ‘ates _ at ine a OU he le Seeeaeage “thd i ena seit ea Attic: eclooeNyh) ‘4 ii sits Hoe oak Secs is HTS hiv Play, 2 a ye te et f ; aes. 7 : ae rine ‘eb re ee aie phe?) wei dig eb Ks SiWade ie ! ; rea AD wip ket falas Ware Paitiah Be ae Cy ital ty ah aeihin ie Ce aan, ‘Bia a ah ; ev / P = ' ‘ naa eh . e a ee us ; ie “ ; , : ‘Gayy 7 ay! ti i) ee si om Aas wat ‘iain ae caneaa ne Ber wh Ok Sunes sat el Par. oe Pall os Cats vu y ht ouh Si INDEX. (Nematode synonyms are printed in italics; principal page references in bold-faced type.) Page. abbreviata, Physaloptera............. 213, 214-215 abbreyiata, Physaloptera......-...-.-...---- 214, 215 aberti mimus, Sciurus..-.:....2..--...-- fees abyssinicus, Arvicanthis.........-...-s-<-. 27,217 PAGANENION DTACHYUTS! 5 cccacc occa cece cciscocn 74 Acanthocephala................- betters 4 PACHENOSLOMM re sea soe nak eee onsen 112-118 SHMNPSOM1 222 wocecce neces 113-114 BACOUCHY | NMVOPLOCta sce cecie. Saosin ocses anniece 222 PNCUDT Vee os cccnc saaeces socnos see sos ses sdae 187 PACUIATIIGAG vssprae acrcisinja Suis a seecieu- sea cctee ears 64 BCUSM CAVA Saree ce nates ounniociaemie 2 were 222 RCUTISSTUING ASCOT US a 2.0 stor aeianvesioseeeisee esc 67 HSU letra arm arsie ict! is arcvanctetoce 67 \ Ob: 4 1411 hc ree gee Nae eee Ee a 66, 67, 95 ES] bl 0} b kit: eee eee eee 5 UNIS eMOSTIGONES = ene ie nic nein. yewie ee miosis oe 28 DTICROCEDRMUALS = cena se cie'w nc Jocicciew cies 28 BLOM be CAVA s ewwcceacincans catccu olacisesaisie ere 23 WASYPYOCtE occ scss-c sence. cae 105, 219, 220 PMC OMG DS Ca mete te sa yaie as ct se reste ne icmem taicere 53 SPU, DAasyPlOCtay.ccccese =o - scenes 23, 105, 115, 219 alacer, Sylvilagus floridanus............. .. 186, 187 Blbas ClCOM «<< escsccescsiccecsecesscs:sictin's 215 SIDUSMIMUS |g <.2cisio occ eee ce saa =tas 23 CLAS PING Jas ole e'=aramietaSeieelste r= 180, 181 Prichurisss.jjsiss0oocsce sees eeen eee 20,23 MA UUDLCUNES = w aiala le loin l> ole o\eistalats eletalaiele/=l=:-\= 200i) Graphidtum: o\jacecem sain csicissee er esree =a 123, 139 TY CUDICUT ULES aw asic semen sees eee esas 199, 202 strigosuml. ss eseeaee 126, 189-141 SCAPICEPS seats. se ainccieiziace= ee 180, 185-187. | Graphiurus murinus..............-...--.---- 215 BCIUN Ree oa sms ee eset oe sae se reatece 183,184 | gundi, Ctenodactylus...........----- 64, 76, 134, 135 SpeCleSeeaer ie cscesece cece 180, 188,190,199 | Habronema muscae.............--.------0e- 224 SETWMOSGeaenisisns osicenece see eoeccse seer 200) | hamata Oxyuris 2.5J5-2-s- oe see ecae 66, 79-80 subcutanea. .-.......-- 180, 181, 182-183,190 | Heligmosominae-......-....-- 123, 148-149,158, 160 CERAM Sia orcisianms sioitaa see reels aiolei ota 163 | Heligmosomoides..........------ 149, 159, 160-161 filaria, Dictyocaulus.............------------ 162 linstowi=c2.2-secses ace 161-162 WMilariidagesceeesm tk. cectcwcsoss seensseeeets © 179,191 | Heligmosomum........-.-. 141, 146, 148, 149-150, Milariinae: 45: .ss-023eco0<4seeueseesee =e 179,188 151, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159 Filarioidea........ 6, 40, 64, 178-179,190, 199, 223, 224 braziliense........... 150, 154-155 WAlarit se sssessssscesssssenes Rafe c Sie ea aes eieietete 179 costellatum....... 149, 150-151,153 filicollis, Nematodirus.........-.-.---- 132, 133, 135 eracile...:scs2steeeceteese 150,158 SETOMGY LIS: a ccrare re oie elnie w\a/ =< 21's" 2's adie oeotinecce 82 OFAUNS Soe owas ase e eR estes eee 204, 207 ruwenzorii, Physaloptera........-..-. 212, 216-217 CORE GGULI = 3 sacs ote eee 219 TYLUDLCUN ES, LALO U0 wioioin'oi=in)=1= aiaialesetetniaeiomtes eters 200 Chrtsopterdss- cca eee eee eee 219, 220 TULUDLEUT ALES EP ALOT UG wee a. cosnin a sials ta emails 199, 202 Cite race hoe eeeee eres 213 SACItTA UI DUSecinsceseciscciseaseeeteesnesce 89 hystrichis=<: 15. sets's; By FICE GNIS OR 522 ooo oe aie “eee 49, 50, 53 MrichoOsomold eSzacies see ceieyses eee cose 12,13, 18 Paraspidodera. .)..222...seeeee 49-51, 54 crassicauda........... 12, 13-19,221 Subulurat. 28. .35.2eeoeeee 52, 538-54, 56 MrIichoOsOMOIGINAG - (= (25-2 ee seeeeeisesssene 912 | Uneinnaria.. isos: 2522224. corde eeeeen eens 111 PETACHOSOTNALTIU Sass elon ce ee nea eee eons 33 | unguiculatus, Trichocephalus...........------ 24 ONNLOSWM, .- «c= --05~ 22. seen 123, 142-148 ‘Prichuris?: cost 2. eke. 19, 20-21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28 quadrivittati.s. cc teeeeeeeee 143-144 CONLOMA 52552 sscecebasccetgeoce see 20;21' || ‘Wweissi, Maupasing sa.22<.. A GENERIC REVISION OF THE AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. ERRATA. On p. 12, under Trichosomoides, the comma after 1845 should be a semicolon. On p. 83, just before Oxryuris pugio, the name O. stronia should read O. stroma. On p. 137, the legend Figs. 176, 167 should read Figs. 176, 177. On p. 140, the ovijector of Fig. 183 should be marked ovj7. and not ov. On p. 184, Filaria linstow Hall, 1916, new name, should read Filaria linstown, as it is in the key, p. 180, and in the index. On p. 204, under Protospirura muris, the name Fusaria muris (Gmelin) 1790, Zeder, 1803, should read Fusaria muris (Gmelin, 1790) Zeder, 1503. On p. 251, the name evoluta, Oxyuris should be set flush with the left-hand margin and not read in connection with the preceding name. I. [Insert facing page 258 of Proceedings, United States National Museum Paper No. 2131.] 10600°—15 Walker's species at the British Museum and Oxford, also of Sir George Hampson’s and Warren’s which are not in the collection. Of a few of Guenée’s unrecognized species I hope to add drawings later on. Altogether 164 genera and 776 species are referred to, not counting those which sink in the synonymy. Key to the genera. Wilt OlttareOlOteer crest oud oe. oe cee ee Be ae te ol Se J ee Pee 1 ON MBER HG Ar COlGt a 62. ts fou oe Seah i aa RR Eat alex senie Suen 55 Wathedomblerarcolets: cas. 2.32 SR ee os ee oc ew cok ee PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VoL. 50—No. 2132. 258 INDEX. Page. Page. Trichocephalus hepaticus............+0.+20- Bly Minichurisispeciesse sn 8 a. see se eee eee 21 infumdibulis: 3.2 sees se ssa 23 trichiura sy. 2osee.eooee esse eee 20 LEDOTIS ee tie aot enc ame ata D4 WM pICOCEDNALOS i os aiein'e secs ee eile Sere eae es ee 20 TUT AS OND SIO D6) LDTICOSETONGYIOGEs. 5 toe eee ee Dee ee 123 MOCOSUS 8 oe donee Mie 26) ||) Lricostrongyluse see oie ae Ieee ee a 124 OVER ace MY AEN AME GE ca ates 28) | ‘tricuspis,Oligiannus!. 3. en ees 177-178 UNGUICUlALUS 2. occcecccecon 24 | triradiata, Oxyuris............ 66, 67, 71, 90-94, 225 Tr ICRODCS aoa er ee ee tee Nae Se bceeec 12,18 | tropicalis, Otomys irroratus..............- 111,147 CTASSICTUD Sn. See eeN clea 13 4 iropidocercas cst uee.2ac Sec os shee eeeeee eee 76 MUPIS> Seen mose essen a= 25s 20,26-27 | zibethica, Ondatra................-..--- Zi, 04, 129 OPACAN es cincaiaeriomecacteaeenintes 2199-98) || zibethicus, Wiber......2c2 .cesees senate 27, 34, 129 OVASH=. Picosecond 20, 24,20 A GENERIC REVISION OF THE AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. By Wir11AM ScHAuvs. INTRODUCTION. No attempt has ever been made to classify the Hypeninae of tropical America. As the North American species have been worked out by the late Prof. J. B. Smith in Bulletin 48 of the United States National Museum, I have not revised them and have merely referred to the type-species of each genus; the genera had to be included in this paper as many of them contained species from the Neotropical region, while others might be represented when the Mexican fauna becomes better known. So much confusion has existed in regard to this subfamily that it was necessary to identify and key the genera in such a way that students would be able to follow a given classifica- tion. It has been necessary to use certain secondary sexual characters in order to facilitate the recognition of genera and species, but the key itself does not always explain the great differences existing in appar- ently allied genera. In some few cases the venation varies in the same genus, sometimes in the one sex, sometimes between the males and females. For the facility of identification 41 new genera are described and 150 new species. Reference is made to all the Neo- tropical species described as Hypeninae or apparently referable to that subfamily. The bulk of the known species are represented in the national collection, to which I have added colored drawings of all of Walker’s species at the British Museum and Oxford, also of Sir George Hampson’s and Warren’s which are not in the collection. Of a few of Guenée’s unrecognized species I hope to add drawings later on. Altogether 164 genera and 776 species are referred to, not counting those which sink in the synonymy. Key to the genera. DV MGI AECOLO sent tree ne clo tite he ene teed al bin ws hveetiawinidees Se hemes if VATE oh Sra (aye cT 2,0) A= a RU 8 ey RS Pe 55 \WWAtel alo Koybll op reser ar=¥o) (= es ee ean ae ee Pe Ss cara ae ee 127 PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEUM, VOL. 50—No, 2132. 260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sede) 1 Veins 7and: S:stalikced! 201.5 ct sec See ory tes as ee e e e aeee Scutirodes Schaus Veins:§'and 9 stalked <)4c2 221. cjs cece. aoe ste se 8 Seeker cheeses 25 Veins: 9.and Sho stalkedu coh ee oe ae ate ile a eemeamettas Hypoechana Druce. Veins’ 72'S sands9rstalkedin ses a: setsecicm ook coeece see oetecioee aeceeneee eee 4 Veins'/3'and?l0:stalked> S'absent. 3-4-2 ieee eed eee Fypenodes Guenée. Veins'8 9 vandwliOistalked isnt: asic Se ee ee ee ee ea re eee il Veins’ 7, tonl0 stalked. 22.2 seisthiews oars each ota See Sa eee ae 34 Dee WiGLHh Il eam as COMNOSINE WEL 2s, o soc toi. ia ayetas re oot Ditrogoptera Wampson. Wiel TW treesccc alo sa oie ool eerects isd aioe nod ele esas ieee oe cage ata eee eee 3 Be Apex Of LOLeWINGS’ACULEs = soem alc ts ae as sais eine selon = Sin Serato eeae Margiza Schaus. ADEXtO! TOrewinod TOUNGEG\. 222 -Ssclc oes ace cin see e ere Melanomma Grote. 4. Korewings of male with, cleftjon outer mangin.2s). 28-2222 ci eto 5 Horewings of male :withouticlett so 35:5. 2 2208 cco -o)5 soem oe ace ete 7 5. Palpi long, reaching middle of thorax ..u Seto ane = Bleptiphora Schaus. Palpi net reaching middleof thorax ..1-./..c.se-nces sie: see eee eae 6 Gs1Costavof maleiwithitutte.< 2 22S ee eee nasi e nee ciate Tortricodes Guenée. Costajotimeale; without tutte 52. 2 Shee oss ok ei cerse aoe oe eee Lascoria Walker. (eaves Quandt stalicedce.s sas seule isos =. cde see eee ees Proriwula Guenée. RVieinehIsinoe 4 tris Be OCAISE RO eee SS eee ene en Oe ee en ee ene 8 Ste alpipupeurvedse ssa Mere taster lee sorte eles reset eee ore ee eee 9 Patpiobliquely ascending }...< 2: Js. 22s eee 2-5 Ste meee 12 Pali pormectie 2. 42 22 2 e's je aleyeaial al aiie'ais,o8 seme Soe ee see ees 14 9. Palpi half the length of the wing. Uso dad wesat «+ ean dy phy peng Wwatren= Palpi less than half the length of ae oe Sch d aaa ce hens Sey ne Re Rea 10 102'Third jomt or palpi with smail-tuite. 5-222 t .2e-e oe ese =e Apustis Schaus. Third joint of palpi turned back, with long hairs.............-- Girtesma Schaus, Third jount.of palpi smooth: <1 :2 2004: ee ain sts ee gee ea a 11. Outer margin of forewings deeply outcurved.......------------ Maronia Schaus. Outer margin of forewings slightly sinuous....--..--------- Trachysmatis Schaus. Peal py lOnpg dns ccae< ss: Se ptabetciotic, = oi e/a wales am ae Siete aiarc eres Compsenia Schaus. SU ICSHIOFE see oes ata ale rasa oles Cc Sie ne alate petals ta aie ta teem alae verre ae 13 13. Apex of forewings not produced.............-..-.-.-..---.-.----Rivula Guenée. Apex of Lore wines produced. sericea 4e-— = “ee sete ase ee Rhazunda Walker. ee LON Se Seer cain la teciaiin coe ele else ete Sete eee Macristis Schaus. Pala ShOt bas 2 = cscee eco artery oon biale Neier eae eas ri Euchromalia Schaus. 15. Inner margin of forewing with tuft beyond middle.............--2 Arrade Walker. Inner marpin'of forewing without butts. 55222 5208 s055 2 ere eee 16 16s cAntennae ot male! with taitt).3 20. ec esc Bk ee ee ee 17 A mitemmae pectIMates / 252 sec se ese eects cals oe aloe hee oan eee 23 Atennae CHINE oof coin Towra Se oh otins seein = be ee wines see Se ae eee 24 17, Forewangs.with cleft on.outer margin =. . cece eee ie See 18 Porewings without cleit om outer margin. 0- casera. and 4.on hind ‘wines stalked: .222.2.2i2e6.: saodsboceasssseceisece 29 Veinsis and 4 on hind wings not stalked... 2-02.26. 2s scseh es ogee cnedenc 32 29, Outer margin of forewings rounded .....2. 2-200. ee bets cenendecasesese 30 Outer marin of forewanes produced 2.2 :.2522.<45<622s5-005- se we soceecte 31 BUREN WERIOL LOTS WEIMER ACULC os waecens os cscs Joes ao tastes adateaedes Physula Guenée. BS pexor fore wis TOUNAE + 25.5 .oico=t eos cee se es basen ene sine « Bradunia Schaus. Siebel wath tion third jOIMt. 222-0542 soonest oe ect dees Tleterogramma Guenée, Palpi with third joint smooth (female)...............-....... Dusponera Schaus. SZ eal reaching above, head -226200.0so. ck fased os tee deci Uzomathis Schaus. Paiprnot reaching above head .2sc22c0.-022-26000.%.26080e05 Dysperalis Warren. Soe rdnoMmior Dalpl lONPe. Es 2. cated caceais cence st eewescce ne ITypenopsis Dyar. PMR FONG On Pal plsHOrt. 2. sAvaive less cede vies said aree deeerece nts Neoptista Schaus. Ber HON SCH. 62. ce ct ee ee canst cede Scot aaae athe eceeta ateqesliues 35 Palpisoronely sucled:.2...) wees oe teks SE ae sea outs oh sete eee wee 36 36. Median vein of forewing with long tufts on under side......... Panarenia Schaus. ‘Median vein without long tufts on under side...............-- Micramma Schaus. 37. Outer margin of forewings with cleft...................--.-- Pteroprista Warren. Outer margin of forewings without cleft.............-.--..----2----00e0- 38 Dom base Of COStA ARCVCG.< 3.2.2 cas semine des he aeeh woes aoe ds lament e ote Argania Druce. Buse oneosta Not arched. jcc... 2254 > 4 casei sees cooks weedeu cased ae eoue 39 39. Costa of forewing with downward tuft........---..-....---2--. eee eens 40 Costa of forewing without downward tuft......-..........22-.....-2-200- 41 ZQNeANMTeMN Aes With tite. sac sce xe ecco coe oSaecsoe te ets aoe Phlyctaina Moschler. SLCUMAe WwALAOW Ub, nooo = hae S2he Sew uceScete tece Sitophora Guenée. PPePOTICeMMM WAU: bitten act ae eae ces oes mo asa sees ene aie iene 42 INTACT OCs sae noe mana Anos ened n oak a chee eee 43 BebenAG MECUUALC sh yaaa en cuca ucaias sb sccine seen shee Nicetas Druce. EXMLERNIG IASCICUIALE S < fh caias. ocie o.0s 6 seo Seaiuets baslaboe «= Phalaenophana Grote. ATMCMEACSUDESCEN bay xsmste waviness eka ce aes Yelle woe eens Sabin, gt Se 49 aouwWwanps proad) small 1 S176.) 2 ..22225254552525225-cb ose c eset Tetanolita Grote. Wings normal, larver misiZ0 2. 5.52 .s5eeeese ible... bee Aristaria Guenée. 43. Inner margin of forewing rounded.............-.-....--- Diastreptoneura Warren. immer'margin. of forewing straight. ..<.22.2..0sce05 ss tes cde ve esdeanecede 44 Eee MINI ZOc rc. ita t ow rae coe ihane cmtet.c.c Ao ae ae bad oe ewes 45 BON GUISe eyes eens teech ace ee oN esse Abeak ohne Sele 48 aa, Apex of forewing slightly falcate..:.....0200s2 6.502.022. Dogninades Schaus. mipexoorewangs NOt falcate. cts 5.21. sehe ces lies. de dla ek Uae set 46 262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50, 46) Palpimotreachine thorax... 2220, osm s eel eee Coscaga Schaus. Palpireachinoe thorax: -. <2 ee oem eee oer eee ine eee ee en 47 Ais palpitwith long-hairts.. ©... -¥e ane edo ease eee Palthis Guenée. ag \ Head roughly scaled-s<.a'5. S15 see cei se eye ee lai oe ee Porosana Schaus. Head smoothiyisenlede os i201. c:a2 catep ce sise webeeo sens Tineocephala Dyar. 50: pAmtennae pectimate. 20 sco. ape seis sees vive e cies ee ees see eee 51 Antennae ciltatedAwith tuit.-...22%). 2g eatiaga- nae a eee 52 Antennae ciliated without: tult..2.. <5. ssie chess eee eee eee 53 51. Veins 3 and 4 on hind wing apart... -- Caras 12 ees gh ae Be aS Nae Licha Walker. : Veins 3 and 4 on hind wing shortly stalked..........-...-.---- Pterhemia Guenée. 52. A raised tuft beyond cell on forewing .............-.-.-------- Ariphrades Druce. No raised tuft on forewing..........------ iS Ue aie pate vaste Dole spa Sg Maes Renia Guenée. 58. Dhird jomt of palpidownbent). .-..2.:.-ssesieaecesaecaeae eee Clargia Schaus. Mhird joutiof palpi upturned. ..2 2.22 dsl ao cee, eee a eee ee 54 54. sSecond joint.ot palprsmooth above... ..<<......-$s- sie seek Upothenia Schaus. Second joint .of palpiiringed above... 2-4. 'cnsinnts | Ssieiaeeeine eens Cola Dyar 55. Welnsi7i)8, stalked ‘fromareole- --. -.--Guene Jerse Oe eee eee eee 56 Vemnsi8, 9 and 10‘stalked! from areolé. 22)... -2..\..<\. beet ceete Stee ee eee 60 Veins 7,8. and 10 not stalked irom areole. :<.. 2.226 senceu-2ete eee Jae nee 68 > Veins 7 and 8 from areole, veins 10 and 11 from cell........-2. 2052222222. 126 56, Palpiobliquely’ascending 2724.22.) shee ess. se eee. Ree a cee ee Bi: palpi pormechssstws te Jee eo ete fo ch aecigitrs ence ature ler Hyponeuma Schaus. Pal pabit cumyicdiries Nee es aie eo Seite rele agai e erate cis Sms NC Petes Bolica Walker. 572 Horewine ol maleswithr vesicle... 5... se.ds-)lshse ns eee ean Zagorista Schaus. Forewing of male without vesicle..........-- Sy Sjaie hate NS SE 58 5sieihare joimt-ot palpi minged 22) 223522222285 eee. oceeeeee Luberta Schaus. Mhird joint.of palpicsmoothe « «icc 20). s.-tcmaimde a= si awn sided blew see 59 59. Analiangle.of hind wing/lobed)in male:2.s.225-1 2224-22 232345. Chabora Walker. Anal angle.of hind wings not lobed... .). 2... --2.02- sees. Chirconia Schaus. GOSsRalpisharply: angled: 2) 3.20055). ee ace ae sees Gee eee Mastigia Schaus. Paliot wpeurved!:.5 ose tas 42s oe oo ee eee eee eee es 61 Palpi obliquely ascending =: ....- 2-2-8 =s5 ee caca- 5222 eRe eee 66 Palpr porrect.2. 2.25 2222 wR e ee att MS PEN a (oA oe Lutogonia Schaus. Gl, Antennae of male with tut: . 4.35.20). 3 deena Je cee a eee 62 iAmtennae or male:without tuit: elliates saensspee ee ee ere eee eee 64 Ambennaewasciculates: #0 3 seofo = sey aay as ee eee ee -. Neopalthis Druce. 62. Outer margin of forewing irregular..........--.----- Periphrage Herrich-Schiffer. Outer marein: of wing notirregulars 2... -soc25c8 coh c Sen: ee oe Ee 63 63. Veins'3 and 4 of hind wings stalked :....--<....22..J2.02..2 bee Drucuma Schaus. Veins 3 and 4 of hind wings not stalked. ..........--...-:e-te- Megachyta Grote. 64... Costaof forewing arched’ at base... 2..<.202..- ese e ote Oidemastis Schaus. Costa'of forewino notarched at bases.-5-0 5-2-5552... ae eee eee 65 65. Palpi reaching beyond thorax. 5.0% 2. 2 2. Third joint of palpi partly mimeged -.2 2.25822 Soca < ctecsts ees oe eee oe eats 71 SEIncHyOINt, OF PALI SMOOUN soccer ees oe cowie keys tee oes econensee 72 Gi AlpwODlIGUELY ASCENGING: 22 sen a2 5 once ren ome ees ne eee Trauaxa Walker. TOD COLY Cece. 25. Ode neem e me pacecen «mere cee Phalaenostola Grote. mee eVCry LOBE. 2.2.5 505 Soe Soe e ek ee anne necGece ieee ee Se Ocalaria Schaus. ecto MO ao nactarenie on wow ee eee eee er -ee cee Me eek As Santiaxis Schaus, 7 Outer marein-or forewing rounded 2.222522 55.52 v2 Ss ee ecttc se edeweme 74 Outer margin of forewing angled or produced............-----.--+--+----- 75 MPM NOLL wee aes te ontcieee ea mee oe ea Poe ote am eos Aggustiana Schaus. AZOLE Ca) 11 Aa ac a a Ye eR Cece Piilometra Grote. 75. Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 on hind wings stalked.................. Dercetis Grote. Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 on hind wings not stalked........-.. Gustiana Walker. 76. Outer margin of forewing irregular. .....6..22. 2. csc. ces escent ew ee wecne 77 Oiier margin of iorewine Mormisl...s.cscemcessne cs Soe Sessa s eeaoeke 78 77. Outer margin of forewing very oblique...-...--. Deere aiid ...Atopomorpha Warren. Outer margin of forewing produced.............---..---.-- Megatomis Hiibner. 78. Antennae with tuftat or beyond middle...................-.- Tarista Schaus. Antennae with. tut betors middle 7 es. kc oake es Let et een eee saree 79 Coe a MUD CURVCO on ascac cae aoa Mo oe See SSCS ae cee Zanclognatha Lederer. Palpeooldicly ascendin® 22.2 cap Glac tos cau ee dees ese Chytolita Grote. Sm CIEE marae rare set er eae Sn ed dre x a5 Soro cae See ee ee 81 Ealmmiqne curved DACK f:.2 tose opine man thew andes sees c ees yee 83 Peat Curved, CNOTUCh. +. .-0+ views ota clone sonst eodi candace Renae 88 Pero piel y asCCNdin G7 oes e eS eae dks Soin eanihc code oS eee 94 PAIS OLECC ian +s waco ee eienise yooh ea sneate ae ise at asic Sys estes 112 81. Palpi reaching to near end of abdomen.........-........-- Charmodia Méschler. Api nObreneOMy AaDUOMeM 282-5 22 -tan- =o feta so gWens Heol cs. aeeeeeee 82 82. Second joint of palpi angled back.............----2....--- Lophophora Méschler. Mhird jomt, of palpi angled. back...22s224.0.2.24- 22 222-42- Palthisomis Schaus. Gemewitenine eu ehiy Gated. ..ccdacsave di... ekeane ee Siexseneee es Gizama Walker. Pre ae 1OL CUACCG jo Sones So.0c2 cis cees on Ue ce ed ces aewcnehe ae 84 SS CGT SE es 1228 BE BE 1s ee a Pyrgion Druce. PomaOG arched At Wades: .caeencmeccaws Ae yoke doen aa thoes See use e eee cas 85 85. Tore tibiae with sheath of flocculent hairs....... eee Drepanopalpia Wampson, eee ela aa tae oes eeaween en cks vas tans = area ae sot eecemee 86 PME SEAT Cie Veree geke ste ee cen ae ao oe ee Strathocles Druce. PeINaad GEST THIS EUS ay oe ae ease 2s ioe Sessa ra a a3 Rg myn a sin oa eae ota eee _ 87 Gi. aipraivercine terminally 2: coccic.. teed ites eee le heeds ees Poenomia Schaus. Papi not divercine terminally. <.<..0..0c0.% 6.tse-5eecnuese Rejectaria Guenée. Se. Phird jot of palpi hairy or with tuit...2......2.252. dass se cen dec se Seas wee 89 Third joint of palpi smooth behind, and without prominent scaling in front. oE 89. Second joint of palpi with triangular tuft in front........... Neoherminia Druce. Decoud JONG Of palpi dringed in Ironte15..42% ofecocce elt de toss adem eteeese 90 90. Third joint of palpi heavily fringed in front...............--- Hypenula Grote. Third joint of palpi with small tuft behind ........ Ma aercee. Bleptina Guenée. Third joint of palpi with small tuft in front...............--- Leucatomis Dognin, Ol yO LEMMNAO TASCICUMALS <. «whist ei ees oe oe oe lade 2 bee eee aes Epizeuxis Hiibner. AMLenUAe MIM eSCOMt, CLIATCls. 2025 “eeu se oe. odes oa. a dloeis ne os aeaicloeva ee 92 AntennaG PUDEsCeNt: 2.2 223.25 sees eta ie cus sesso ast ce < Epistrema Schaus. 92. Veins 6 and 7 of hind wings stalked ...........-. Trachodopalpus Blanchard (?). WVeins’6 and:7, of hind wings from angle «<1... .2dcceesebecte cee sdeeeee 93 964 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor 50. 93. Third joint of palpi nearly as long as second ...........-... Pseudaglossa Grote. Third joint of palpi half the length of second................. Carteris Dognin. 94: “Third yoimt'of palpi porrect. 6.22% L208 fo. See See Sem ces Sere 95 Third yomt' of palpi Not Porrect.../2- 5 sek ese e oe soe eae oe a eee 98 95. Vein 5 on hind wings from middle of discocellular...................2-- 96 Vein 5 on hind wing from near lower angle’ -....2.2..0.-02220.0122-++202- 97 Sere LTO EOL Uy otto aia sic Sie oe ratalen = ai teatro ale) tetera feral iets aretaerteratets Ommatochila Butler. Palmore cease see nee ce cee eens Seen mn nm ee enn ter Cladenia Méschler. 97) “Antennae dilated towards end: -s.o452. 222 2222.22: sees se cceees Poena Druce. Antennae not, dilated.c- 353515550 o. sees bee sects lene Burdettia Schaus. 98° Hind “wings; with ‘termen irresular: 22930. 22. Case Sorygaza Walker. Hind: wines! with termen*rounded!. 123222255555. 22 2oe setae as a eee wees 99 99. Inner margin of hind wings densely scaled. ..........-.--- Cyclopteryz Guenée. Inner marem ot hind wing normal 2522.2... 202s-- sss ses sea eee 100 100. Abdomen with dorsal tufts. 5220. 2522-265 cae s some cee esiese Peliala Walker. Abdomen without dorsal tufts: 2t2c.22h.26 222 been aoe ate t ae eee 101 1015 “Chird: joint of palpi very hairy lo. c5c.. hs acess wee see se Aglaonice Méschler. Third jomt ol palpi not very hairy j25.. 2... 25225 02. soa cee oleae eee 102 102. Second joint of palpi well fringed above.............-.-.-.--2----+----200- 103 Second joint of palpi fringed above and below...........-....--..----.--- 105 . Second joint of palpi not fringed or with only a few hairs above. .........-- 106 163. Veins and 4 on hind wingsstalked 2).-2 io. S22 5.52 ce eee ciee ee Mursa Walker, Veins 3 and 4 on hind wine totistalked...\o 22022 foc Le <2 ee ie sae wees 104 104. “Antennae pubescent;-ciltates: if 55.226)... secs slecne = clas oye Synomera Schaus. Antennae smooth with minute bristles.:..............--.-...-- Ipnista Schaus. [5 MO optaarChed) atibaseess. secs noes. tem ties Sieeta Se oe alee eee Capis Grote. Costainot arched atibaser ss. ccc coe stociee creme soe a Hormoschista Méschler, MO GamBurer cap kialry No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 288 orbicular point, and a thick medial black brown line, this latter out- wardly followed by dark irrorations; reniform white, inwardly dark edged, and containing two brown points connected by a brown line; postmedial fine, fuscous brown, outbent on costa, incurved opposite reniform, and below it; terminal space broadly fuscous brown; a subterminal wavy ocherous line; terminal black points outwardly edged with ocherous. Hind wings fuscous brown; traces of a post- medial ocherous line; a similar distinct subterminal line. Wings below with black discal poimts; a dark postmedial, and a pale sub- terminal line; the hind wings whitish thickly irrorated with fuscous brown. In this species the male palpi are very similar to those of Aristaria cellulalis Guenée, the 2d joint being heavily fringed in front, the hairs longest at tip. The 3d joint is also fringed in front and behind, Expanse.—23 mm. Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19712, U.S.N.M. Very much like 7. costigutta Herrich-Schiffer, the palpi, however, being very distinct. THURSANIA RENILINEALIS, new species. Female.—Palpi long, upcurved; 2d joint outwardly brown; 3d joint yellow at base, with short black tufts beyond, more than half the length of 2d. Body fuscous mottled with ocherous brown shad- ings and lines. Fore wings fuscous brown; lines thick, yellowish; antemedial vertical, slightly outangled below cell; an orbicular black point; a fine dark brown medial line, not reaching costa; a black line as reniform; subterminal irregular, twice outcurved, deeply inbent opposite cell, between the two curves marginal triangular yellowish spots; a black terminal line. Hind wings gray brown; a medial, postmedial, and subterminal darker shade, the two latter outwardly edged with yellowish; a dark terminal line. Hind wmgs below whitish gray; a curved discocellular spot; a fine postmedial line; a broad dark outer shade, followed by the pale subterminal line. ' Kxpanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—Montserrat, Trinidad. Type.—Cat. No. 19713, U.S.N.M. THURSANIA ESPIRITUALIS, new species. Male.—Body and wings dark brown. Fore wings faintly glossed with purple; costal margin straight; apex very acute; lines fine, wavy, of a richer brown color; costal margin irrorated with gray; a few scattered lilacine scales; antemedial and medial lines almost ver- tical; postmedial minutely wavy, slightly oblique; subterminal out- wardly edged by lilacine scales: a darker terminal line; reniform ob- 984 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. lique, pear-shaped, outlined in orange brown. Hind wings slightly angled before anal angle, which is obtuse. Hind wings below dark brown irrorated with whitish gray, forming a subterminal line; a dark discal point, and curved postmedial line. The tuft of antennae is small; the palpi upcurved, the 2d joint reaching above vertex, the 3d half as long as 2d, both fringed behind; the 2d with short fringe in front. ixpanse.—31 mm. Habitat.—Espiritu Santo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 19714, U.S. N. M. THURSANIA VOODOALIS, new species. Male.—Body and fore wings ocherous brown shaded with fuscous. Fore wings: Fuscous spots on costa at origin of lines; basal and ante- medial lines very faint; a small white orbicular spot; medial shade . narrow, fuscous; reniform consisting of a white line with small black spots at each end; postmedial fine, fuscous, wavy, outcurved beyond cell, but slightly inbent opposite cell, outwardly pale shaded; subter- minal ocherous, defined by fuscous shading, which expands on inner side toward costa; a terminal fuscous lunular line. Hind wings dull grayish brown; lines minutely wavy, fuscous, the medial only on inner margin, the postmedial outwardly pale edged; the subterminal whitish ocher defined by dark shadings. Hind wings below white, the costal and outer margins broadly suffused with gray brown; the lines as above, better defined; a dark discocellular line. Expanse.—21 mm. Habitat—Baracoa, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19715, U.S.N.M. Comes nearest 7. decocta Schaus. THURSANIA HOBSONALIS, new species. Male.—Palpi: Second joint light’ brown; Third joint fuscous. Head, collar, and thorax brown, the spatulate scales tipped with whitish gray. Abdomen brown, more darkly irrorated, shaded with white at base dorsally, and with fine segmental fuscous lines. Fore wings bone color shaded with ocherous brown; lines and costa fuscous gray, the lines black on costa; basal line partly obsolete; antemedial fine, vertical; medial shade slightly inbent, closely following the small white orbicular spot; reniform large, white, containing two black points; postmedial fine, outcurved beyond cell; a broad dark sub- terminal irregular shade, divided by a pale line; terminal black spots. Cilia mottled whitish and gray. Hind wings dull brownish gray; some whitish mottlings on inner margin; lines pale, faintly indicated, not reaching costa. Hind wings below white irrorated with brown; a brown discocellular line, and well marked postmedial line. ‘The palpi have a triangular tuft behind at end of 2d jomt; the 3d jomt has no. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 285 a short fringe behind. The antennae are tufted just before middle. The female is duller, however, with the lines fainter. Expanse.—16 mm. Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19716, U.S.N.M. THURSANIA MIARALIS, new species. Male.—Palpi brown, tinged with’ fuscous at base. Head fuscous eray. Collar and thorax brown. Abdomen fuscous gray. Fore wings dark brown shaded with black; lines black, faintly inbent; antemedial fine, wavy; medial shade narrow; postmedial fine, very slightly curved, inwardly shaded with white on inner margin, with a few white scales otherwise, and outwardly edged with lighter brown; outer third of wing fuscous brown crossed by a yellowish ocher sub- terminal line; the spots ocherous white, the orbicular small, the reni- form large containing two black points. Hind wings fuscous gray; some white mottling on inner margin; traces of a postmedial black line on inner margin, outwardly white shaded; a subterminal dentate white line. Hind wings below white thickly irrorated with dark brown; a brown discal spot and postmedial line; a subterminal lunular dentate white line edged with dark brown. The palpi have the second joint well fringed in front and a long tuft of hairs behind, the third joint heavily scaled. The female is dwler without distinct markings except a fine, wavy, postmedial white line. zpanse.—19 mm. Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19717, U.S.N.M. Allied to 1. hobsonalis Schaus. THURSANIA CHIRIQUALIS, new species. Female.—Palpi upcurved, slender, smooth, long, the third joint more than half the length of second. Head, thorax, and fore wings dark brown tinged with purple. Abdomen and hind wings dull brown. Fore wings: The base somewhat darker shaded; a fine dark, wavy, antemedial line; a black orbicular point; postmedial shade broad, almost fuscous, inclosing a black streak on discocellular; postmedial line fine, somewhat dentate, vertical from costa to vein 2, then slightly incurved; subterminal line, fine, irregular, inangled at vein 5, defined by irregular white scaling. Hind wings: A subterminal line defined by white scales. Fore wings below pale purplish brown; pale spots on veins subterminally. Hind wings below brownish thickly irrorated with whitish gray; a dark brown spot on discocellular; traces of a postmedial and outer dark line. Expanse.—31 mm. Habitat.—Chiriqui, Panama. Type.—Cat. No. 19718, U.S.N.M. 286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. THURSANIA TIGURIALIS, new species. Male.—Body and wings brown. Fore wings: antemedial line dark brown, fine, wavy, outwardly oblique from costa; a minute black point as orbicular; medial shade darker brown, narrow, verti- cal; a fine dark line on discocellular, faintly inangled; an irregular fine whitish ocher subterminal line, inwardly broadly shaded with dark brown; termen dull grayish brown; an interrupted terminal black line. Hind wings slightly paler; a discal pomt and dark postmedial line; the subterminal minutely lunular dentate, whitish ocher. Hind wings below whitish irrorated with gray brown; a black point in cell, and large spot on discocellular; the postmedial and subterminal lines fine, dark; an interrupted terminal black line on both wings. The antennae are tufted very near tips. The palpi are smoothly scaled, the 3d jot with very short fringe behind. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—Tiguri, Carabaya, Peru. Type.—Cat. No. 19719, U.S.N.M. THURSANIA GRANDIRENALIS, new species. Male.—Antennal tuft before middle. Palpi upcurved, fringed behind, the second joint reaching just above vertex; the third joint half as long as second. Body and wings dark grayish brown, the lines clearer brown, fine, indistinct; antemedial nearly vertical and straight; medial line similar; postmedial outcurved around reniform, somewhat lunular, and outwardly edged with whitish gray on inner margin; subterminal very fine, partly edged outwardly with whitish gray; spots yellowish edged with dark brown; orbicular small, round; reniform large, its outer edge incurved, .and containing two black points. Hind wings: The darker medial line only near inner margin, the postmedial to near costal margin, both finely edged out- wardly with gray. Wings below more grayish; hind wings with fine streak on discocellular; a fine postmedial line; a pale subterminal line, indicated by dark edging. Expanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—A male from Aroa, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 19720, U.S.N.M. A female from La Chorrera, Panama. PSEUDARISTA, new genus. Male.—Palpi porrect, the second joint fringed above and below with long hairs; third joint short, upturned. Antennae pubescent with tuft on medial third. Legs smoothly scaled. Wings long and narrow, the hind wings truncate at anal angle. Fore wings: Vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 287 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from end of cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 on short stalk; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 on longer stalk. Type of genus.—Pseudarista geldersi Schaus. In this genus are also included: Pseudarista spiosalis (Herminia) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 13538, p. 111. Pseudarisia pagasusalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 870 =decelusalis (Renia?) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 880=anticalis (Gizama) Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 116. PSEUDARISTA GELDERSI, new species. Male.—Tufts on antennae white and buff. Head, collar, and thorax dark brown. Abdomen fuscous brown. Palpi irrorated with white, the fringe above dark grey. Wings dull brown witha few scattered whitish irrorations; terminal white points preceded by angled dark brown dines; subterminal line whitish, dentate, faintly indicated. Fore wings: A very faint darker antemedial line; orbic- ular small, light brown; reniform large, light brown, containing two black points; postmedial faintly indicated, darker brown, slightly incurved below reniform. Hind wings: Traces of a darker post- medial line between viens 5 and 2; a dark spot on inner margin outwardly edged with white. Wings below paler, grayer; the hind wings irrorated with white; a dark brown line on discocellular; a postmedial brown line; a fine subterminal lunular white line. Expanse.—24 mm. Habitat.—Geldersland, Surinam. Type.—Cat. No. 19721, U.S.N.M. A female in the Dognin collection has no black points on reniform. Genus EPIPHANIS Schaus. Epiphanis Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 22. Male.—Antennae pectinated. Palpi upcurved at base and por- rect, the third joint turned back, slender, long, and with tufts at end. Forewings: Vein 3 from near lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 close above angle; 6 near upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from cell. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7, on short stalk; 5 from near lower angle. Type of genus.—Epiphanis esperanzalis Schaus. CLONIATARPHES, new genus. Male.—Antennae pectinated, the pectinations thick, terminating in along cilia. Palpi long, upcurved; the second joint partly tufted behind; third joint half the length of second, shortly scaled, with large triangular tuft behind. Legs smoothly scaled; fore tibiae with small 288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. process. Wings broad. Fore wings: Vein 3 before lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 slightly above angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 close to lower angle; 6 and 7 stalked. Type of genus.—Cloniatarphes carunalis Schaus. CLONIATARPHES CARUNALIS, new species. Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings light brown, mottled with dark brown; abdomen and hind wings dull gray brown. Fore wings: The mottlings consisting to a great extent of dark striae; antemedial line fine, indistinct, outangled in cell; a vertical dark medial shade; a round dark shade as reniform; an outcurved puncti- form postmedial line; subterminal wavy, yellow brown, darkly edged; terminal black points; cilia dark greyish, with still darker spots. Hind wings: A fine dark postmedial line; subterminal line yellowish white. Fore wings below gray brown; a postmedial and a subter- minal line on costa. Hind wings below bone white irrorated with brown; a dark point in cell; a dark spot on discocellular, containing a pale line; a minutely wavy postmedial line; the subterminal pale, defined by dark edging. Expanse.—31 mm. Habitat.—P etropolis, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 19722, U.S.N.M. Genus MASTIGOPHORUS Poey. Mastigophorus Pory, Centurie de Lep. de Cuba, pt. 1, 1832. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, sharply angled back, reaching thorax. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; a tuft on fore tibiae. Wings narrow. Forewings: Apex acute; outer margin inbent below vein 5; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 close to upper angle; 7 from upper angle or stalked with 8, 9, and 10; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 on long stalk; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 7 stalked. Type of genus.— Mastigophorus parra Poey. The following species may be referred also to this genus: Mastigophorus latipennis Herrich-Schiffer, Corr.-Blatt. Regensburg 1870, p. 105. Unknown to me. Mastigophorus demissalis Méschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 233. Unknown to me. Mastigophorus evadnealis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol It 1913, p- 7. Mastigophora marima Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, pl. 126, fig. 11. Does not belong here, owing to the tufted antennae. The species is unknown to me. No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 289 MASTIGOPHORUS AUGUSTUS, new species. Male.—Palpi, head, thorax, and forewings dark purplish brown; abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings: Lines fine, fuscous brown; antemedial thicker on costa, outbent to orbicular, inset on median and outcurved; orbicular round, black, containing a bright brown point; a broad fuscous brown medial shade from cell to inner margin; reniform black, cut by an angled bright brown line; postmedial out- bent, angled at vein 4, incurved, lunular dentate, outwardly pale edged; subterminal buff, firiely dark edged, oblique from costa to termen at vein 4; some narrow terminal fuscous brown shading followed by a buff line; a small tuft on inner margin near base. Hind wings whitish at base irrorated with brown, shading to fuscous brown on termen; an outer dark line, wavy, outbent to near termen on vein 3, forming a lunule to vein 2, and inbent to inner margin; the termen below vein 3 slightly incurved, truncated. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19723, U.S.N.M. The female has the inner dark shading of subterminal extended to inner margin from termen at vein 4; the hind wings are normal, more evenly brown, with darker postmedial and subterminal lines. MASTIGOPHORUS NOMIUS, new species. Male.—Palpi bistre brown; head and thorax slightly darker. Abdomen fuscous brown, paler shaded at base. Fore wings bistre brown; base limited by an outcurved dark brown antemedial line; space to postmedial fuscous gray shaded with dark brown below cell, between antemedial and a still darker medial brown line, obsolescent above median; a pale brown line on discocellular, darker edged; post- medial obliquely outcurved, angled at vein 4, wavily inbent, out- wardly pale edged; space to subterminal grayish; subterminal yellow buff, straight, oblique to termen below vein 4, then incurved to inner margin near tornus; a fuscous terminal line, macular toward apex. Median, also veins 3 and 4 buff. Hind wings grayish brown, darker shaded on inner margin, a faint darker postmedial line, outwardly pale edged; subterminal yellow buff, outwardly dark shaded; the outer margin deeply incurved between vein 2 and anal angle. Expanse.—18 min. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19724, U.S.N.M. The female is similar to the male, but the outer margin of hind wing is normal. 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——19 290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. MASTIGOPHORUS MAJORALIS, new species. Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings brownish gray. Abdo- men whitish gray. Fore wings: Costal margin darker shaded; antemedial line whitish ocher, outcurved and indistinct, contiguous on margins to medial fuscous brown shade which is more deeply out- curved and absorbs the small reddish brown orbicular spot; reniform narrow, sinuous, brown black, divided by a bright brown line; post- medial pale like antemedial, oblique, only faintly incurved beyond cell; a wavy, whitish, subterminal line; a narrow terminal brown shade, widest near apex. Hind wings whitish; a gray brown streak on vein 2, expanding broadly on termen where the whitish subter- minal line is distinct; on white portion of wing this line is indicated by dark edging. Underneath the subterminal line is broader, some- what yellowish, and almost macular. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19725, U.S.N.M. MASTIGOPHORUS JAMAICALIS, new species. Male.—Body and wings purplish brown. Fore wings: Antemedial line grayish, outcurved, the costa beyond it darker shaded, the space below cell browner; a broad white line on discocellular, widest behind; postmedial grayish ocher outbent to vein 4, angled, and wavily inbent to inner margin, inwardly shaded with brighter brown; sub- terminal yellow brown, parallel with postmedial, angled at termen, followed by some black scaling between veins 6 and 8; a terminal bright brown line. Hind wings: Base to beyond middle, except the inner margin, white; a pale outer line, inbent below vein 2; termen faintly crenulate; produced at vein 5, inbent at vein 2. Wings below dark gray, the inner areas broadly white; a postmedial fine dark line. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat.— Jamaica. Type.—Cat. No. 19726, U.S.N.M. Genus MARGITES Druce. Margites Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 480, pl. 40, figs. 5, 5a. Male.—Palpi turned back over head to thorax; second joint with long fringe of spatulate scales in front; third joint with long hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with long process. Fore wings narrow; apex acute; outer margin incurved below apex and angled at vein 4; vein 3 a little before angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8,9, 10 stalked from cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin rounded, NO. 21382. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 29] truncate at anal angle; veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 well above angle. Female.—Palpi very long, slightly ascending, narrow and deeply fringed. Type of genus.— Margites bugaba Druce. NYCTIPOLIA, new genus. Male.—Palpi curved back to thorax behind; third joint longer than second, with long hairs on inner side; first joint fringed with long hairs below. Fore legs hairy with long process at base of tibia. Fore wings: Outer margin oblique at tornus; inner margin medially convex; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from well before end of cell; 11 free; basal third of costa below with fringed fold. Hind wings: Outer margin incurved before anal angle, which is produced at vein 2; inner margin rounded; veins 3 and 4 on short stalk; 5 close to lower angle; 6 and 7 on longer stalk. All the veins are slightly curved. Type of genus.—Nyctipolia vncondita Schaus. NYCTIPOLIA INCONDITA, new species. Male.—Head and thorax fuscous brown; hairs on inner side of third jomt of palpi white; patagia shaded with golden bronze. Abdomen above dark brown, underneath yellowish; tarsi brown circled with yellowish white. Fore wings dark brown, lines and shadings fuscous brown; a spot at base of cell; antemedial inangled on submedian, outset below submedian, inwardly shaded with lighter brown; a broad medial shade; a long pale line on discocellular; postmedial line fine, irregular, almost vertical, outwardly paler shaded; subterminal lighter brown, irregular, remote from termen; an interrupted fuscous terminal line. Hind wings brown, paler shaded on costa and below vein 5; a fuscous shade from cell, along vein 6 to near termen; postmedial and subterminal fuscous lines on inner margin, outwardly shaded with yellowish white; fuscous brown terminal shadings. Wings below white. Fore wings: Costa finely fuscous brown; apical area tinged with brown; a dark postmedial line on costa, and subterminal shade inbent, outset below 7, both outwardly shaded with yellowish white, the latter not reaching vein 5. Hind wings: A fine dark streak on discocellular; postmedial and subterminal fuscous spots on costa, between veins 6 and 5, and on inner margin. Expanse.—36 mm. Halitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River. Type.—Cat. No. 19728, U.S.N.M. Simplicia anysis Druce, (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 448, pl. 36, figs. 20, 20a, male), will come near here, requir- 992 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. ing a new genus. The palpi are recurved overhead, the third joint tufted with long hairs on inner side. The antennae are serrate with long bristles and cilia. Fore wings with veins 8, 9, 10 stalked; 7 from cell. (According to Sir G. Hampson.) Genus PALTHIS Hubner. Palthis HispNer, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816, p. 342. Clanyma GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 94. Mardara WaLKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 157. Male.—Palpi upeurved, smooth, close to head; third joint reaching beyond thorax, with long hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; fore legs very long, the tibiae with hairy process. Wings narrow. Fore wings: pox acute; outer margin obliquely rounded; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7 from upper angle or stalked with 8, 9, and 10; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 near lower angle. Type of genus.—Palthis angulalis Hiibner= Mardara aracinthusalis Walker. The genus includes also the following species: Palthis spectalis (Clanyma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 95= insignalis (Bertula) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 246. Veins 7-10 stalked. Palthis asopialis (Clanyma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral, 1854, p. 96. Veins 7 or 8-10 stalked. Palthis agroteralis (Clanyma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral, 1854, p. 96. Veins 7 or 8-10 stalked. Palthis mophisalis (Hypena) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 843. Veins 7-10 stalked. Palthis bizialis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus.; vol. 19, 1859, p- 865=yuntasalis (Palthis) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sad: fasc. 8, 1914, p. 54, Veins 7-10 stalked. Palthis auca Moschler, Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, p. 476. This species is unknown to me. Palthis calcalis Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 129. Veins 7-10 stalked. Palthis cuboealis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 10. - Veins 8-10 stalked. Palthis aeacalis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, 1913, p. 10. Veins 7, or 8-10 stalked. Palthis submarginata Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, 1913, p- 11. Veins 8-10 stalked. Palthis lineata Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vola Ll. 1O13 pei. Veins 8-10 stalked. Palthis hieronymus Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, 1913, p. 12. Veins 8-10 stalked. No, 2132. RHVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 293 Palthis caleabilis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 53. Veins 7-10 stalked. Palthis obliqualis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 53. Veins 7-10 stalked. Palthis oconoguensis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 54. Veins 7-10 stalked. Palthis argenteicincta Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 54. Unknown to me. Palthis incuriosa Dyar, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 219. Palthis angustipennis, new species. Veins 7-10 stalked. Palthis serapealis, new species. Veins 8-10 stalked. Palthis misantlalis, new species. Male: 7-10 stalked. Female: 8-10 stalked. Bleptina phocionalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, p. 128. Can be placed temporarily under Palthis. PALTHIS ANGUSTIPENNIS, new species. Male.—Body and wings dark slate color; a gray shade at end of cell extending to termen, interrupted by an inbent bright brown line edged with fuscous on discocellular; an indistinct buff antemedial inbent ne, somewhat thicker just below cell; postmedial fine, buff, outcurved beyond cell; an oblique buff line from costa to termen at vein 5, beyond which the apex is velvety brown black; a faint line of buff scales near termen from vein 5 to inner margin; a buff line at base of cilia. Hind wings brownish gray; a dark shade at vein 2 expanding on termen, which is slightly truncated from vein 2 to anal angle; traces of a postmedial line; cilia dark brown from apex to vein 2, then grayish. Hind wings below with dark discocellular streaks and postmedial line; a fine marginal whitish gray line. Expanse.—19 mm. Hatbitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19729, U.S.N.M. Possibly only a variety of P. bizialis Walker PALTHIS SERAPEALIS, new species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax lilacine slate color. Abdomen light grayish brown above. Fore wings lilacine slate color tinged with brown; a broad, dark-brown medial shade curved and inbent on inner margin; reniform velvety black brown, oblique, divided by a yellowish line, preceded by some whitish-gray scales in cell, followed by a yellowish streak to subterminal line; postmedial angular, dark brown, fine, outwardly edged with yellowish; subterminal yellowish white, wavy, angular, to tornus; a marginal yellow line from below apex, incurved somewhat opposite cell and limiting the narrow black-brown termen; cilia fuscous gray. Hind wings dark brown; costa whitish, not reaching termen; some pale shading on inner mar- 294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL.50. gin; postmedial line short, outwardly pale shaded; a fine subter- minal white line; a terminal thick, black-brown line, inwardly partly edged with yellowish. Fore wings below: inner margin broadly whit- ish; a dark streak through cell, and apex fuscous brown; termen and costa postmedially yellowish; brown shading defining a wavy subterminal line. Hind wings below irrorated with brown, thickly on costa; termen broadly fuscous brown crossed by a fine sub- terminal white line; a dark spot on discocellular and a postmedial line. EKzpanse.—21 mm. Habitat—Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19730, U.S.N.M. The female is larger and very similar to the male; the terminal brown shade on fore wing is usually much reduced. This species has usually been confounded with P. spectalis Guenée. It may possibly be Palthis insignalis Walker, described from an unknown locality, and which is placed in the British Museum collec- tion as a synonym of P. spectalis Guenée. I doubt whether we know the true spectalis. Guenée’s description does not agree with the figure on plate 9, No. 1. PALTHIS MISANTLALIS, new species. Male-—Body and fore wings fuscous gray. Fore wings: A very faint trace of a medial black shade; reniform inbent, velvety black- brown, crossed by a pale brown line; a whitish line from cell across reniform to near termen; postmedial line, well beyond reniform, fine, whitish, outcurved, almost angled opposite cell, then inbent to inner margin; subterminal fine, whitish, outcurved from costa, not touch- ing termen; apex and termen to vein 5 fuscous brown, as in P. bizialis Walker; cilia fuscous gray, with a pale line at base. Hind wings whitish, suffused with fuscous gray, forming a distinct postmedial line and subterminal shade, outwardly cut by a pale line; the termen - darkest between veins 4 and 2. Fore wings below fuscous gray; inner margin white, with traces of medial and postmedial lines; a subterminal pale line from costa. Hind wings below white, irrorated with fuscous gray; a dark discal point, and postmedial line; termen broadly dark, cut by a wavy subterminal white line. Female-—Browner. Fore wings: A fine, outcurved antemedial line; a narrow, dark medial shade; postmedial fine, outcurved; a pale shade from cell, through discocellular to termen; the reniform nar- rower, less oblique; the subterminal wavily dentate, vertical; no dark apical space, only some terminal brown shading. Expanse.—22 mm. Habitat.—Misantla, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19731, U.S.N.M. No. 21382. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 295 Genus PHYSULA Guenée. Physula GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 86. Metacinia Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 19183, p. 18. (Type, M. limonalis Schaus.) Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching well above head; second joint well fringed above; third joint half the length of second with a few long scales. Antennae pubescent, ciliate. Body slender. Legs smooth; fore tibiz: with process and tuft of long flocculent hairs. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded; vein 3 close to lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 above lower angle. Type of genus.—Physula migralis Guenée,=Hypena sabbasalis Walker." This genus also contains the following species: Physula anchisa (Neoherminia?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 473, pl. 39, fig. 10. Physula margotalis (Bleptina) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1906, vol. 30, p. 122. Physula rona (Megachyta) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 211. PHYSULA ALBIPUNCTILLA, new species. Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings brown, tinged with olive. Abdomen dark gray brown. Fore wings: Lines very faintly darker and indistinct; an antemedial, a medial, angled at reniform, and a wavy postmedial line; orbicular and reniform as white points; a subterminal vertical line, very slightly irregular, white or gray suffusing with terminal space which is also white or gray. Hind wings duller, grayer, with the subterminal white line from vein 2 to vein 5. Hind wings below whitish gray irrorated with brown on costa and termen; a dark discal spot, postmedial, and outer lines. Expanse.—24 mm. Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19732, U.S.N.M. Differs from M. limonalis Schaus, by its smaller size, white orbic- ular and different markings below. PHYSULA ARISTINA, new species. Male-—Body and wings dull dark brown. Fore wings faintly tinged with lilacine; the costa and termen slightly darker shaded; lines fine, brighter brown; antemedial slightly outbent on costa, 1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 844. 296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL.50. vertical below cell; orbicular a small light brown-spot darkly edged; a fine medial vertical shade; reniform large, constricted in front, light brown, containing two fuscous brown spots; postmedial and subterminal lunular, parallel, faintly incurved below vein 4, out- wardly edged with some grayish scales, chiefly on subterminal; a lunular fuscous brown terminal line. Hind wings: A few grayish scales below vein 2; a small white and brown spot on inner margin near angle. Wings below fuscous brown; a subterminal lunular fine gray line, partly obsolete on fore wings. Expanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19733, U.S.N.M. PHYSULA CRISTINA, new species. Female.—Body and wings dark olive brown, the lines fine, fuscous. Fore wings: The costa darker shaded; antemedial faintly wavy, vertical; medial line very indistinct; reniform lighter brown, in- curved, edged and divided by dark lines; postmedial outcurved on costa, then wavy and slightly inbent; subterminal whitish points on veins. Hind wings: Traces of a postmedial dark line; a few subterminal white points. Wings below dark gray brown; a dark postmedial line; a point on discocelluar of hind wing. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Carillo, Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 19734, U.S.N.M. Near Physula aristina Schaus. PHYSULA INSCITALIS, new species. Male.—Body and wings dull grayish brown, the markings darker, browner, indistinct. Fore wings: A fine antemedial line; a medial shade, more distinct in the female; orbicular a point; reniform darkly outlined, sinuous; postmedial line outcurved, partly puncti- form; subterminal consisting of a yellowish line on costa, and irregu- lar spots below, the latter inwardly shaded with dark brown; termi- nal dark brown points. Hind wings: Traces of brown lines above angle on inner margin; an interrupted terminal line. Hind wings below whitish, irrorated with brown; a dark line on discocellular; a fine postmedial line; a subterminal pale line, inwardly dark shaded. Expanse.—23 mm. Habitat—Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19735, U.S.N.M. PHYSULA PAGANACALIS, new species. Female.—Palpi upeurved, long; second joint with longer hairs be- hind; third joint nearly as long as second, acute, more smoothly sealed, with only a few long hairs behind. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings dull dark brown. Abdomen dark brown with some whitish No. 21382. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. -297 nrorations. Fore wings: Cesta finely yellowish; .antemedial fine, black, very oblique to near middle of inner margin, and irregular; postmedial fine, black, lunular dentate, and wavy, almost vertical; orbicular a small oblique white spot; reniform small, black brown, with some pale scales on inner edge; subterminal fine, almost straight, ochreous, edged narrowly with brown; the terminal space ocherous brown, darker shaded on costa and between veins 2 and 5; small terminal black lunular spots. Hind wings: A marginal whitish line from veins 4-2; cilia ochreous, shaded with brown at base. Hind wings below thickly mottled brown and white; a dark brown disco- cellular spot, and a very fine, wavy, postmedial line; subterminal white, well marked, angled at termen below vein 2; a subterminal white line on costa of fore wing. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat.—Coatepec, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19736, U.S.N.M. PHYSULA(?) ECUADORALIS, new species. Female.—Body whitish brown. Wings white. Fore wings faintly tinged with brown, somewhat striated with grayish brown; basal and subbasal gray brown, lunular, lines; a similar antemedial line, better defined; a broad shade on costa suffusing in front with post- medial shade from costa, which is narrow otherwise, and wavily out- curved, closely followed by a broader wavy shade somewhat inter- rupted at vein 5; the base of cilia on interspaces fuscous. Fore wings below brownish gray. Hind wings below with grayish discal spot, postmedial, and subterminal lunular lines. Hupanse.—20 mm. Habitat—Kcuador. Type.—Cat. No. 19737, U.S.N.M. This is doubtfully a Physula. The palpi are upcurved, very long and slender, naked, and acuminate. BRADUNIA, new genus. Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching well above vertex, smoothly scaled; third joint two-thirds as long as second. Antennae pubescent. Legs smoothly scaled. Body stout, wings broad. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 close together; veins 6 and 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from end of cell; 11 free; cell rather short. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from near lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Bradunia improba Schaus. To this genus the following species may also be referred: Bradunia macella Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 89. 298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. BRADUNIA IMPROBA, new species. Male.—Palpi dark brown; tips of jomts white, the third irrorated with white. Head, collar, and thorax whitish irrorated with brown. Abdomen light brown. Fore wings whitish tinged with brown; costa to postmedial more darkly shaded; antemedial line thick, white, edged with fine brown lines; a straight black line on disco- cellular, preceded by a brown shade from below cell to costa; post- medial line brown, inbent on costa, then outbent, sinuous opposite cell, and wavily incurved below vein 4, followed by a whitish shade, and traces of a second brown line; outer margin broadly shaded with dark greyish brown; traces of a dark subterminal line, indicated by pale shadings outwardly; terminal black spots. Hind wings dull brownish grey, paler tinged on inner margin; cilia long, dark shaded. Expanse.—Male, 18 mm.; female, 21 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19738, U.S.N.M. BRADUNIA COSTIGUTTA, new species. Female.—Palpi whitish ocher, laterally shaded with black except at end of second joint and base of third joint. Head grayish ocher. Collar, thorax, and fore wings whitish ocher with brown irrorations. Abdomen brownish gray with pale segmental lines. Fore wings: Space below subcostal and from base to postmedial line tinged with lilacine; brown subbasal, medial, and outer spots on costa; a fine irreg- ular antemedial line; a brown medial shade across reniform suffusing with postmedial below cell; reniform an angled velvety black line partly obsolete; postmedial fine, outcurved, followed by an evenly curved outer brown shade; terminal space gray with traces of a darker subterminal shade; an interrupted terminal black line. Hind wings dull grayish brown. Expanse.—20 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19739, U.S.N.M. BRADUNIA GUANABANA, new species. Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings, light ocher brown with a few darker irrorations. Abdomen whitish ocher, similarly irrorated, and with a basal tuft tipped with black. Fore wings: A black antemedial macular line; postmedial a streak on costa, then punctiform, black, preceded on inner side by a broad brown shade; subterminal black spots irrorated with white placed on a dark gray shade; the veins terminally brown; terminal black points on inter- spaces, the one at tornus larger. Hind wings whitish gray, the No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 299 termen darker. Hind wings below white with a few brown irrora- tions; a black discal point. Expanse.—15 mm. Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19740, U.S.N.M. Genus HETEROGRAMMA Guenée. Heterogramma GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 91. Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching above collar, well scaled; third joint with long tuftsin front. Antenne pubescent ciliate. Legs long and slender; fore tibiae with process. Fore wings: Costa straight, apex acute; outer margin produced; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 near upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 8 and 4 stalked; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. Rarely vein 7 is shortly stalked with 8, 9, and 10. Type of genus.—Heterogramma circumflexalis Guenée= bleptina bogusalis Walker !=Bleptina caepiosalis Walker ?=Bleptina ceusals Walker.’ The following species are also referred to this genus: Heterogramma micculalis Guenée (Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 92). Un- known to me. Heterogramma terminalis (Mastigophorus) Herrich-Schaffer (Corr.- Blatt, Regensburg, 1870, p. 105). DUSPONERA, new genus. Female.—Palpi long, upcurved, slender, reaching middle of thorax; second joint densely but shortly scaled; third joint smooth, acute. Antennae with minute bristles. Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings moderately broad; apex acute; outer margin incurved below apex, produced and rounded at vein 4 and inwardly oblique; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from end of cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin slightly rounded; anal angle truncated; veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 5 from close to lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Dusponera fannia Schaus. Also referable to this genus is: Dusponera semifalcata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 48. DUSPONERA FANNIA, new species. Female-—Body and wings dull greyish brown. Abdomen with pale segmental lines. Fore wings faintly tinged with purplish to postmedial line; lines fine, black; antemedial dentate, slightly out- 1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 863. 2Tdem, p. 866. 3Tdem, p. 868. 300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. bent below cell; orbicular a black point; reniform defined by a vertical line inwardly and some spots outwardly; postmedial line deeply lunular dentate; faint terminal spots on interspaces; cilia light brown. Hind wings: A dark straight postmedial line; a short subterminal line at anal angle. Fore wings below: Postmedial line almost straight; a subterminal line on costa. Hind wings below whitish grey, finely irrorated with light brown; a dark discal point; postmedial line fine, dentate; subterminal dentate, partly obsolete. Expanse.—29 mm. Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19741, U.S.N.M. UZOMATHIS, new genus. Male.—Palpi upcurved to well above head, slender, moderately scaled. Antennae pubescent with minute cilia. Legs slender, smoothly scaled, the forelegs with process. Wings narrow. Fore wings: Apex rounded; outer margin obliquely rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart from lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle; 8-10 stalked from end of cell; 11 free; Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 from well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.— Uzomathis dissensa Schaus. UZOMATHIS DISSENSA, new species. Male.—Body and wings dark slate color. Fore wings: A black basal line followed on costa by a pale annular spot; antemedial line pale, indistinct, outcurved; medial space darker tinged; an incurved yellow line on discocellular followed by a fuscous brown streak to postmedial, which is pale, fine, and indistinct, deeply outcurved be- yond cell, straight and inbent from vein 3 to innermargin; asubapical yellowish line from costa to termen at vein 4. Hind wings shaded with fuscous terminally near anal angle, traces of a pale outer line preceded by a darker shade. Wings below dull dark gray. Kxpanse.—17 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River. Type.—Cat. No. 19742, U.S.N.M. Genus DYSPERALIS Warren. Dysperalis WARREN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 8, 1891, p. 64. Male.—Palpi upcurved reaching frons; second joint fringed in front; third joint short, acute. Antennae minutely ciliated. Legs smooth; spurs on hind tibiae long. Wings geometridlike. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle, equally apart; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: NO. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3801 Veins 3 and 4fromlowerangle; 5 wellaboveangle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Dysperalis illocata Warren. Although Warren described this species from an unknown locality, the type is labeled as from North America. Genus LEPTERIA Schaus. Lepteria Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 44. Male.—Palpi porrect, hairy, twice the length of head, fringed above with longer hairs at base. Antennae ciliated. Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin oblique; vein 3 near lower angle; 4 from angle; 5 near angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8,9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 on short stalk. Type of genus.—Rhyncholita? viridicosta Schaus.! Also included in this genus is: Lepteria parallela Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 88. Genus HYPENOPSIS Dyar. Hypenopsis Dyar, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, 1913, p. 296. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint thickly scaled; third joint upturned, half aslongassecond,smooth, acute. Antennae shortly ciliated. Legs smooth; tibiae short. Wings narrow. Fore wings: Vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 from near middle of dis- cocellular. Type of genus.—Hy penodes macula Druce.* HYPENOPSIS ? FLUALIS, new species. Male.—Body and fore wings brownish bone color irrorated with brown. Fore wings: A broken subbasal black line; an inbent black line from near middle of costa inwardly edged with clear bone color from cell to inner margin; a very fine outcurved post- medial line; a fine subterminal pale line preceded by irregular black blotches; termen shaded with dark slate gray; terminal black spots with outwardly yellowish points. Hind wings dark gray. Expanse.—10 mm. Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama. Type.—Cat. No. 19743, U.S.N.M. 1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 202. 2 Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 441, pl. 36, fig. 1. 302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. Differs from typical Hypenopsis in haying the third joint of palpi very short. HYPENOPSIS ? MUSALIS, new species. Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings greenish yellow, probably green when fresh. Abdomen fuscous gray; anal hairs luteous. Fore wings: Basal fourth of costa black; markings black; a wavy outcurved antemedial line followed by triangular spots on costa and inner margin; a curved line on discocellular; a fine post- medial line, outcurved beyond cell, lunular dentate; a subterminal black shade wide on costa, narrowing opposite cell, and expanding near tornus; cilia whitish with large greenish gray spots at termen. Hind wings grayish. Expanse.—11 mm. Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama. Type.—Cat. No. 19744, U.S.N.M. Differs from Hypenopsis in having the long slender palpi and serrate antennae of Trachysmatis Schaus. NEOPTISTA, new genus. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending with triangular tuft above; third joint minute, concealed. Antennae pubescent. Fore wings moderately broad; apex acute; outer margin obliquely rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9,10 on long stalk from end of cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.— Neoptista villalis Schaus. The following species is also included in this genus: Neoptista lorna (Thalpochares?) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., vol. 30, 1904, p. 162. NEOPTISTA VILLALIS, new species. Male.—Head and collar lilacine brown. Thorax and fore wings purplish. Abdomen grayish brown above. Fore wings: A black point as orbicular and one as reniform; a postmedial dark line, slightly curved on costa, inbent to middle of inner margin, almost straight, followed by a broad fuscous shade between submedian fold and vein 3; a wavy subterminal line, black, inwardly edged with grayish white; terminal black spots; cilia shaded with fuscous. Hind wings whitish, suffused with pale brown; terminal gray points. Fore wings below gray, hind wings white; terminal black points; a discocellular spot on hind wings. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19745, U.S.N.M. No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 303 PANARENIA, new genus. Male.—Palpi long porrect, second joint with angled fringe above; third joint very short. Antennae with tuft of long hairs toward end, followed by cilia. Fore tibia with short process at base. Fore wings triangular, outer margin straight; cell short; veins 2, 3, and 4 close together from lower angle; 5 from near middle of disco- cellular; 6 near upper angle; 7-10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free; a long tuft of hairs on median vein near end of cell below. Hind wings broad; cell short; veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 5 from middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 stalked. Type of genus.—Panarenia subhirsuta Schaus. PANARENIA SUBHIRSUTA, new species. Male.—Palpi brown. Head, collar, and thorax dark brown. Abdomen dull dark brown. Body below and legs dark brown irrorated with white; fore tibiae and tarsi light brown. Fore wings dark brown; the costa finely deep yellow; lines indistinct, fine, fuscous, not reaching extreme costa; antemedial and medial lines vertical, the latter crossing discocellular; postmedial not traceable; a few subterminal and terminal bluish white scales. Hind wings fuscous brown; cilia tipped with golden brown. Fore wings below dull greyish brown; the tuft on median buff white; some bluish white irrorations on costa, outer margin, and at apex; a subterminal whitish line on costa. Hind wings dark brown irrorated with bluish white, leaving a streak on discocellular; medial, postmedial, and subterminal lines clear. Fxpanse.—31 mm. Habitat—Santo Domingo, Peru. Type.—Cat. No. 19746, U.S.N.M. Kindly presented to me by Mr. Dognin. a! 7 5 MICRAMMA, new genus. Male.—Antennae pubescent, with tuft at four-fifths of length. Palpi porrect, three times the length of head; second joint with short triangular tuft above; third jomt short. Fore tibiae with small process. Fore wings: Costa straight; apex acute; outer margin rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 close together; 6 near upper angle; 7-10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.— Micramma croceicosta Schaus. There is also included in this genus the following species: Micramma candalis (Bleptina) Schaus.! 1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 121. 304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. MICRAMMA CROCEICOSTA, new species. Male.—Palpi brown fringed above with buff. Head, collar, and thorax dark brown; yellowish lines from vertex across collar and shoulders. Abdomen fuscous with paler segmental shades terminally. Fore wings brown, the lines darker brown; costal margin yellowish; a few black scales antemedially on costal edge; the lines from sub- costal; the antemedial vertical, lunular; the medial across end of cell, followed by a fine greyish line on discocellular; the postmedial lunular, slightly inbent; the subterminal lunular, partly shaded out- wardly with greyish white scales; a fine lunular terminal line; cilia yellowish spotted with brown. Hind wings duil brown; traces of a subterminal grey line; a darker terminal line. Hind wings below grey thickly irrorated with brown, a fuscous brown spot in cell, and one on discocellular; a fine tunular postmedial line. Expanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19747, U.S.N.M. Genus BUCINNA Walker. Bucinna WatxKeER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 35, 1866, p. 1983; new name for Betousa _ Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1208, preoccupied. Palpi porrect, third joint down bent, one-third as long as second. Antennae pubescent. Forewings acute; veins 3, 4, 5 close together from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 above angle. Type of genus.—Betousa divisalis Walker. The following species may be referred also to this genus: Bucinna? obagitalis (Hypena) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 50. Genus PTEROPRISTA Warren. Pteroprista WARREN, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 256. Male.—Palpi upeurved to collar, smooth; third joint with long hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent. Fore legs with short and narrow process. Fore wings narrow; costa straight; apex acute; outer margin angled below vein 5, then oblique with cleft below vein 4; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle, approxi- mated; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 near lower angle. Type of genus.—Pteroprista metallica Warren. NO. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 805 Genus ARGANIA Drucee. Argania Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 480, pl. 40, figs. 6, 6a, 7. Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching middle of thorax; second joint smooth; third joint with long hairs on inner side from base. Antennae with tuft at middie, the terminal portion ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with process; hind tibiae with short fringe above. Fore wings: The costa abruptly arched at base, concave medially; raised hairy scales antemedially in cell, followed by long downturned scales on subcostal; cell short; vein 3 near lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from near end of cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 well above lower angle. Type of genus.—Argania pilosa Druce. The following species may also be referred to this genus: Argania albimacula Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 71. Genus PHLYCTAINA MoOschler. Phlyctaina Méscuter, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 228. Male.—Palpi upcurved to above vertex; second joint shortly fringed in front and behind; third joint smcother, half the length of second. Antennae pubescent ciliate with tuft at one-third from base. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with long process. J‘ore wings broad; costa concave at base, then arched; apex acute; a large downturned tuft of hairs on costa medially, cell short; veins, 3, 4, 5 near together from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free, curved. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 above angle. Type of genus.—Phlyctaina irrigualis Méschler, = Nodaria griseirena Hampson. ! Genus SITOPHORA Guenée. Sitophora GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 74. Male.—Palpi upturned; second joint reaching above vertex, almost vertical, moderately scaled; third joint long, turned back, with long hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: A downturned ridge of hairs on costa medially; vein 3 near lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 above lower angle; a vesicle at base of costal margin. Type of genus.—Sitophora vesiculalis Guenée,= Bocana lycaste Druce?= Hydrillodes totafusca Kaye.* 1 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 225, pl. 17, fig. 13. 2 Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 478, pl. 39, figs. 28, 28a, 29. 3 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 133, pl. 5, fig. 4. 10600°—Proe,N.M,vol,50—16 20 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. The following species may also be included in this genus: Sitophora ®% sueralis (Tortricodes) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 73. This species has a tuft on costal margin. and the outer margin is excised below apex. Genus ARISTARIA Guenée. Aristaria GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 70. Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching thorax. Antennae pubescent ciliate, with tuft of hairs at middle. Legs smooth; a short process on fore tibiae. Fore wings: Vein 3 close to lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from lower angle or above; 6 and 7 from upper angle or stalked. Type of genus.—Aristaria cellulalis Guenée. Also referred to this genus are: Aristaria theroalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 243. Aristaria anteros (Bocana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 478, pl. 40, figs. 1, la. Aristaria trinitalis Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 125. Aristaria conspicua Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 125. Aristaria bocantis Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p- 126. Aristaria curvilinea (Mastigophorus) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 7. Aristaria pholoe (Thursania) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vols 11, 1913, p. 15. Aristaria dissona (Thursania) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 15=Aristaria scortea Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 25. Aristaria choerilus (Thursania) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., sarSpvol. 11; 1913p. 16: Aristaria faustitas (Thursania) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 16. Aristaria furrina (Tortricoder) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 26. Some of these species, described from females, may go into other genera when the males are known. ARISTARIA MAYALIS, new species. Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings brown, tinged with lilacine. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings: A velvety black-brown No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 807% basal line; a similar oblique antemedial fascia, outbent from costa, expanding to submedian, where it is rounded and ends; reniform also similarly colored, medially constricted, shaped like a dumb-bell; traces of a very fine dark brown medial and postmedial line, the latter followed by a punctiform line, forming a larger spot on costa; sub- terminal line indicated by some darker brown shading, chiefly toward costa, but very indistinct; a wavy terminal dark line. Hind wings fuscous brown; a darker straight postmedial line; a fine pale sub- terminal line inwardly darker shaded; an interrupted terminal black line; cilia ochreous brown. Hind wings below whitish gray, irrorated with brown; a thick black line on discocellular; postmedial well de- fined, slightly wavy; subterminal pale line indicated by dark edging; a terminal dark line on both wings. The palpi are upcurved, long, fine, and smooth, the 3d joint more than half as long as 2d. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19748, U.S.N.M. ARISTARIA BLEPTINALIS, new species. Male.—Palpi long, upcurved, smooth, the 3d joint half as long as 2d. Body and wings dull greyish brown. Fore wings: The darker antemedial and medial shades very indistinct; reniform incurved, dark velvety brown, edged with ochreous; postmedial line fine, dark, outwardly paler edged, deeply lunular on interspaces, the lunules incurved; a wavy, pale subterminal line. Fore wings below dull-grey brown; a dark discal point; a fuscous postmedial line, heavily marked on costa. Hind wings below whitish grey; a dark discocellular line; a narrow postmedial dark shade; the pale subterminal line indicated by broad dark shading. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19749, U.S.N.M. Genus TETANOLITA Grote. Tetanolita Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 305. Scelescepon Miscuier, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 230. (Type, S. mutatalis Mésch- ler=Nodaria selenitis Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 14, 1904, ps 173.) Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching well above head; second joint moderately scaled, shortly fringed behind; third joint one-fifth the length of second. Antennae pubescent ciliate with tuft on shaft above at one-third from base. Legs smooth; fore tibiae fringed. Fore wings broad, outer margin well rounded; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 from cell. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 on short stalk; 5 slightly above lower angle. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Type of genus.—Tetanoliia laalis Grote=Bleptina mynesalis Walker.! The following are also included in this genus: Tetanolita nisosalis (Herminia) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 111. Tetanohita borgesalis (Renia?) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 881=inostentalis (Herminia) Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 112=diruptalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1161. Tetanolita nolualis (Megachyta) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 123. TETANOLITA HERMES, new species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax brownish gray. Abdomen and fore wings ochreous. Fore wings: lines fine, dark gray brown, also the terminal third of wing; a basal line; antemedial outcurved, wavy, followed by the round whitish orbicular; medial less curved, broadly dark shaded on inner margin; postmedial inbent opposite cell, slightly outcurved and wavy below vein 5, followed by a whitish ochreous shade; subterminal fine, whitish, preceded by fuseous shad- ing; a terminal dark brown line, expanding on interspaces. Hind wings brownish gray; postmedial dark line outwardly shaded with whitish; a whitish subterminal line, minutely wavy; a terminal dark line. Fore wings below grayish brown; indistinct postmedial and subterminal lines outwardly pale shaded. Hind wings below white irrorated with brown; a discal point; postmedial line and subterm- inal shade outwardly pale shaded; a terminal dark Ime on both wings interrupted by pale veins. Expanse.—24 mm. Habitat.—Paraguay. Type.—Cat. No. 19750, U.S.N.M. Genus DIASTREPTONEURA Warren. Diastreptoneura WARREN, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 279. Male.—Palpi upcurved to frons, smooth; third joint short. An- tennae pubescent. Legs moderately hairy. Fore wings broad; inner margin rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 from before middle of cell, free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 above middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Diastreptoneura distoria Warren. DOGNINADES, new genus. Male.—Palpi upcurved, shortly fringed, the third joint longer than second, reaching middle of thorax. Antennae pubescent with long 1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 860. No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 83809 cilia. Legs smooth; fore tarsi with long process at base. Fore wings broad; apex acute, slightly faleate; outer margin rounded; vein 3 well before lower angle; 4 and 5 apart from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7-10 stalked from upper angle; i1 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 from near middle of discocellular. Type of genus.—Hypena jactatalis Walker.! Genus MAMERTHES Druce. Mamerthes Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 449, pl. 37, figs. 1, 1a, 2. Male.—Palpi upeurved, reaching thorax behind, densely but shortly scaled; third joint with long hairs on inner side; palpi of female acuminate. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs moderately hairy; a short process on fore tibiae. Wings broad. Fore wings: Vein 8 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.— Mamerthes nigrilinea Druce. Included also in this genus are the following species: Mamerthes orionalis (Bocana) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 186=marginalis (Bocana) Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 115=Siwmphieia tibialis, Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 43. Mamerthes aonia (Simplicia) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 447, pl. 36, figs. 17, 17a. Mamerthes lycambes (Sumplicia) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 447, pl. 36, figs. 18, 18a. Mamerthes terminalis Schaus, new name for marginalis (Rejectaria) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 208. Mamerthes gangaba Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 20. MAMERTHES CROCEILINEA, new species. Male.—Palpifuscous; the inside, and a line infront, whitish yellow. Head, collar, and thorax fuscous brown with a few pale irrorations. Abdomen dark gray with pale segmental lines. Fore wings gray suffused with fuscous; antemedial line fine, black, vertical and straight, inwardly pale shaded, followed by a narrow black shade; spots black finely edged with yellow, the orbicular slightly elongated, the reniform narrow, slightly incurved; postmedial broad, straight, almost vertical, yellow, widest on inner margin, edged with black; subterminal fine, whitish gray, indicated by a broad black shade from vein 7 to apex, and a fine black lunular line toward inner margin; an interrupted terminal fuscous line. Hind wings fuscous 1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 49. 310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50, gray, the lines whitish, darkly edged, the postmedial straight, the subterminal irregular. Hind wings below white irrorated with fus- cous gray; a dark discal point and postmedial line; the subterminal pale, darkly shaded. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—Zacualpan, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19751, U.S.N.M. Genus GOROSINA Schaus. Gorosina Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 21. Female.—Palpi: Second joint long, obliquely ascending; third joint short, angled back; both joints with long fringe of hair above. Anten- nae ciliate. Fore wings broad; costal margin convex; apex acute; outer margin slightly oblique; vein 3 from well before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 on short stalk. Type of genus.—Gorosina ampla Schaus. Since publishing the original diagnosis of the genus a male has been received which has the palpi upcurved over thorax, slender, and moderately scaled. Genus COSCAGA Schaus. Coscaga Scuavs, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 131. Male.—Palpi upturned, short, slightly curved; second joint reach- ing vertex, moderately scaled; third joint very small. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Fore tibiae with hairy sheath, filled with long flocculent scales; tarsi apparently obsolete. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded at middle, almost angled; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10, stalked; 11 free; rarely vein 7 is also free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 near lower angle. Type of genus—Coscaga angulata Schaus, the specific name sink- ‘ing as a synonym of Aristaria picatalis Schaus.1 The original de- scription of Coscaga is erroneous. Genus ATHURMODES Dognin. Athurmodes Doanin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 73. Male.—Palpi upeurved, slender, reaching thorax; second joimt with short fringe in front; third joint moderately hairy. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Costa trun- cated at apex; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 125. No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 811 near upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 near lower angle. Type of genus.—Athurmodes spreta Dognin. Genus NICETAS Druce. Nicetas Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 450, pl. 37, figs. 3. 3a, 4. Male.—Palpi curved back over thorax, hairy; in female acuminate. Antennae pectinated; in female pubescent ciliate. Wings broad Fore wings: Vein 3 near lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 on short stalk; 5 near lower angle. Type of genus.— Nicetas panamensis Druce. Also referable to this genus are the following: Nicetas biciliata (Bertula) Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1889 p- 241. Nicetas annon Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p, 451, pl. 37, figs. 5, 5a. Nicetas lycon Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 451, pl. 37, figs. 6, 6a. NICETAS BATHALIS, new species. Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings dark slate brown glossed with purple. Abdomen and hind wings dull brown. Fore wings: Lines very fine, dark brown; antemedial vertical, incurved in cell and close above submedian; postmedial oblique on costa, slightly inbent opposite cell, shghtly incurved below vein 4, followed by an outer, narrow, straight dark shade; reniform semilunar, oblique, narrow, velvety brownish black. Hind wings: Traces of a darker postmedial line; cilia faintly browner than ground color on both wings. Wings below dull grayish brown, the hind wings palest; traces of a postmedial line. The fore wings are acute, incurved below apex, then well rounded. Expanse.—40 mm. Habitat. —Jamaica. Type.—Cat. No. 19752, U.S.N.M. NICETAS ANTONIALIS, new species. Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings dark brown glossed with purple. Abdomen and hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings: Lines dark brown, very fine; antemedial outbent to below median, incurved on submedian; postmedial almost vertical, wavy; orbicular a white point; reniform incurved, brown, darkly edged, and with a black point at lower end; a pale subterminal line, remote from termen, punctiform on veins, accompanied by a fuscous brown shade expanding towards costa; terminal black points on interspaces. oe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50, Hind wings: A postmedial dark line and a subterminal faint line parallel with it, both curved below vein 2. Wings below dull dark brown; a postmedial line; hind wings shaded with whitish gray basally and on inner margin, with a dark discocellular spot. The fore wings have the outer margin well rounded. Expanse.—38 mm. Habitat.—Jamaica. Type.—Cat. No. 19753, U.S.N.M. Genus PHALAENOPHANA Grote. Phalaenophana Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 304. Male.—Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching well above vertex, moderately scaled; third joint half the length of second, acute, smooth, with some longer hairs behind. Antennae pubescent fasciculate. Fore tibiae with process. Outer margin of fore wings rounded, of hind wings faintly incurved opposite cell, slightly angled at vein 2. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 close together; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 5 close to angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. Type of genus.—Phalaenophana rurigena Grote, = Hermima pyra- musalis Walker}! = Herminia gyasalis Walker.’ The following species are also included in this genus: Phalaenophana eudorealis (Heterogramma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 93. Phalaenophana oppialis (Bleptina) Walker (Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 864) = Pyralis? subcordatalis Walker (Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1248). Genus POROSANA Schaus. Porosana Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 32. Male.—Palpi upcurved, barely reaching vertex, smoothly scaled, with very short fringe on second joint in front; third joint acute, one- third as long as second. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smoothly scaled; spurs on hind tibiae long. Abdomen short. Fore wings nar- row; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 on long stalk; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 on long stalk; 5 near middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Porosana uruca Schaus. POROSANA JUANALIS, rew species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax lilacine gray. Abdomen above dark gray. Fore wings brownish gray, more darkly irrorated, the lines and spots brown; costa finely fuscous gray with white points 1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1859, p. 106. 2 Tdem, vol. 19, 1859, p. 856. No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 818 towards apex; antemedial outbent from below cell to inner margin; postmedial dentate, angled opposite cell and below vein 2; orbicular small; reniform round, containing some gray scales; an irregular faint whitish subterminal shade; an interrupted terminal black line; cilia with a pale basal line. Hind wings whitish suffused with gray on outer half; a dark postmedial line; a vague terminal black line cut by veins; cilia whitish with dark shading at veins. Hind wings below white, the costa and apex darker shaded; a line on discocellular and postmedially. Expanse.—16 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19754, U.S.N.M. POROSANA MICRALIS, new species. Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings brownish ocher. Abdomen and hind wings dull brownish gray. Fore wings: Mark- ings black; a few scales at base of cell; antemedial line wavy, vertical, thicker on costa and just below cell; reniform as a small spot or streak on discocellular; postmedial fine, minutely dentate, outbent from a costal spot above reniform, almost vertical from vein 6 to inner margin; large terminal points. Hind wings: Cilia ocherous. Underneath the fore wings are dull grayish brown, the hind wings paler with a small spot and postmedial line. Expanse.—12 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19755, U.S.N.M. Genus TINEOCEPHALA Dyar. Tineocephala Dyar, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 220. Male.—Palpi upcurved; second joimt thickly scaled, reaching a little beyond vertex; third joint more than half the length of second, smooth, slender, acute. Head smooth, densely scaled with long hairs overlapping tegulae. Antennae pubescent. Legs smooth. Wings narrow. Fore wings: Vein 3 from before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 well stalked; 5 from near angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. Type of genus.—Tineocephala judis Dyar. Genus LICHA Walker Ticha WauKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 836. Boniana WALKER, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, vol. 1, 1862, p. 111. Tendarba WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1186. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, diverging, smooth; third joint as long as second. Antennae pectinated. Fore wings broad; veins 314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8,9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 apart from lower angle; 5 from near middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Licha undilinealis Walker.= Boniana niveilinea Walker.!= Tendarba lineosa Walker.?=Leucania cicatria Felder.’ Genus PTERHEMIA Guenée Pterhemia GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 23. Pessida WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 15, 1858, p. 1641. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, almost porrect, thickly scaled, smooth; third joint more than half the length of second. Antennae bipectinate. Fore wings: Apex slightly produced; outer margin obliquely rounded; vein 3 from lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 above angle; 6 below upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Cell short; termen above vein 3 usually deeply excised; veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 from middle of discocellular. Type of genus.—Pterhemia mutilatalis Guenée,=Pessida inter- lineata Walker. The following species are also included in this genus: Pterhemia uncinalis Hiibner, Geyer Samml. Exot Schmett, vol. 16, fig. 325, pp. 649, 650=Pterhemia otusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 838. Pterhemia ameriola Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 426, pl. 35, fig. 3. Pterhemia exscissa Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 29. Pterhemia schausialis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase.-8, 1914, p. 84. Genus ARIPHRADES Druce Ariphrades Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 482, pl. 40, figs. 9, 9a. Male.—Palpi three times the length of head, obliquely ascending, second joint with long fringe above. Antennae pubescent ciliate; a coarse tuft of hair at middle. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with moderate process. Fore wings broad; apex acute; outer margin slightly rounded, almost vertical; a long ridge of raised hairs beyond cell; vein 3 well before lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 close above angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free; in the female only veins 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 well stalked; 5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. Type of genus.—Ariphrades setula Druce. Also included in this genus is the following: Ariphrades plumigera Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 55. 1 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 111. 2 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1186. 8 Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 109, figs. 14, 15. no. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 315 Genus RENIA Guenée Renia GuENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 81. Gisira WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p.71. (Type, G. acclamalis Walker.) Crymona Waker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 117. (Type, C. receptalis Walker = hastatalis (Hypena) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 81, the latter name having priority.) Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending reaching frontal tuft; second joint frmged below; third jomt moderately scaled. Palpi of female porrect. Antennae long, pubescent with long cilia and a tuft of hairs. Wings broad; apex acute; outer margin rounded; vein 3 well before lower angle; 4 and 5 apart; 7 usually stalked with 8, 9, 10, but sometimes from cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. Type of genus.—Renia orthosialis Guenée. Those specimens of Renia which have vein 7 on fore wing from the cell can be easily separated from ,Pseudarista by the acute apex of fore wing, and more robust build. The genus also contains: Renia testacealis Guenée, Delt et Pyral., 1854, p. 82. Q Renia clavalis Guenée, Delt et Pyral., 1854, p. 83 = Aristaria, moera Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 459, pl. 37, fig. 24. Renia bendialis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 83. Unknown to me. Renia punctinalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., p. 84. Renia decurialis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 84. Unknown to me. Renia rhamphialis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p..85. Unknown to me. Renia fallacialis (Hypena) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p- 38. Renia rhetusalis (Herminia) Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 110. Renia orizabalis (Aristaria) Schaus, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 124=aztecalis (Aristaria) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 126. Renia bipunctalis Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 128. Renia turpis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 207. Renia vinasalis (Aristaria) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 209. Renia accola Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 55. 816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. RENIA MOROSALIS, new species. Male.—Antennae tufted -at two-thirds from base. Fore wings acute, the inner margin lobed from base to beyond middle. Body and fore wings dark brown, the abdomen more fuscous. Fore wings: Basal half tinged with purple; the markings barely traceable, duller brown; fine antemedial and postmedial lines, the latter followed by a series of minute points on veins; subterminal ochreous brown streaks on veins, connected by a faint lunular brown line; reniform bright brown, very indistinct, with a few black scales behind; cilia tipped with brownish ocher. Hind wings dull fuscous brown, the anal angle broadly covered with cream colored spatulate scales. Wings below paler with a dark terminal line; a discal spot and post- medial line on hind wings. Expanse.—36 mm. Habitat.—Central Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 19756, U.S.N.M. The base of inner margin on fore wings is deeply rounded. RENIA FIMBRIALIS, new species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax brown with brighter brown irro- rations. Abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings ochreous brown; basal half of costa tinged with bright brown; a dark wavy subbasal line; antemedial dark brown, fine, irregular, oblique on costa, vertical in cell, inset below cell, and again on inner margin; orbicular round, brown, followed by an inbent medial line broadly shaded outwardly with bright brown; reniform ochreous, with two dark points; post- medial very fine, lunular, punctiform on veins; subterminal indistinct, irregular, indicated by fuscous brown shadings, heaviest on inner side; marginal black spots connected by an undulating line. Hind wings bright fuscous brown; some yellowish scales postmedially at vein 2 and some pale shading at anal angle. Fore wings below dull brown, the costa yellow brown; a distinct curved postmedial line on costa and incurved pale subterminal line on costal space. Hind wings below grayish ocher suffused with brown, forming a small discal spot; a dentate dark postmedial line and a pale wavy dentate subterminal line. The antennae are heavily frmged above and below on medial third. The palpi are heavily fringed in front on 2d and 3d joints. The costa of fore wings has a down-turned fringe on medial space. Expanse.—36 mim. Habitat.—Espiritu Santo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 19757, U.S.N.M. no. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3817 Genus UPOTHENIA Schaus. Upothenia Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 44, Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, slender; smoothly scaled, acu- minate. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin oblique; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.— Megachyta acutipennis Schaus.1 Genus COLA Dyar. Cola Dyar, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 219. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, long; second joimt heavily fringed above; third jomt one-fourth the length of second, smooth, acute. Antennae minutely serrate, ciliated. Hind tibiae fringed below. Wings narrow. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7,8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 very shortly stalked; 5 from near lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Cola mabis Dyar. CLARGIA, new genus. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, the first joint with porrect hairs; second joint long, fringed below, and with long fringe above termi- nally; third joint short, roughly scaled, downbent; antennae pubes- cent; fore legs very hairy; hind tibiae fringed. Wings moderately broad. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 very shortly stalked; 5 from near lower angle; a long tuft of hairs at base below cell on upper side. Type of genus.—Clargia bonema Schaus. CLARGIA BONEMA, new species. Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and anal hairs yellow brown. Abdo- men and hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings yellow brown; some dark brown irrorations chiefly on costa; lines very fine, indistinct, dark brown; antemedial curved on costa, inangled at dark orbicular point and again outcurved; postmedial outcurved, slightly wavy; reniform a dark point; terminal fuscous brown semilunar spots; cilia dark gray crossed by two interrupted pale lines. Hind wings: The terminal dark spots very indistinct. Expanse.—16 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19758, U.S.N.M. 1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 211. 318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. "you. 50. ZAGORISTA, new genus. Male.—Palpi upturned; second joint reaching vertex, moderately scaled; third joint more than half as long as second, acute, smooth, faintly fringed in front. Antennae pubescent with minute cilia. Body slender; legs smoothly scaled, the fore tibiae with short tufts. Fore wings: Costa slightly arched; outer margin slightly rounded; cell short; veins 2 and 3 from lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly above angle; 6 from near upper angle down curved close to cell, with elongated vesicle above it; 7, 8, 9-on long stalk from end of small areole; 10 from areole above; 11 close to costal vein. Hind wings rounded; veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from near middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Drobeta debora Druce.t Genus CHABORA Walker. Chabora WALKER, Cat. British Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1185. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, sometimes slightly curved; second joint shortly fringed in front and behind reaching just above vertex; third joint smooth, half as long as second. Legs smooth. Abdomen with short lateral tufts terminally. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin vertical to vein 4, curved and inbent with a fold below vein 2; veins 2 and 3 from lower angle; 4 and 5 apart near angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 on long stalk from areole; 10 from areole; 11 from cell. Hind wings: Termen incurved between vein 2 and angle which is lobed; vein 2 from lower angle; veins 3 and 4 approximated and close to vein 2; vein 5 from near angle; veins 2-5 all short owing to length of cell along median; 6 and 7 from upper angle. The female has the margins and neuration normal. Type of genus.—Chabora tauralis Walker. The name sinks as asynonym of Megatomis nealcesalis Walker. Complete synonymy: Megatomis nealcesalis, WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 883. Eutelia apicalis WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 1865, p. 819. Chabora tauralis WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1185. Omiodes tortola FrLpER and RogENHOFER, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 9. Drobeta? yeba Drucw, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 494, pl. 90, fig. 10. CHABORA INOA, new species. Male.—Palpi dark brown, irrorated and tipped with white. Head, collar, and thorax mottled brown, buff, and gray. Abdomen brown; fine white segmental lines, and fuscous shading on segments posteriorly. Fore wings grayish brown faintly tinged with lilacine; a very fine dark brown, wavy, antemedial line; a large oval gray white spot just beyond cell from costa to vein 3, partly irrorated with dark scales, 1 Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 494, pl. 95, fig. 9. No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 819 finely edged with fuscous brown, and containing a small dark tri- angular spot close to discocellular at middle; from lower end of oval, a fuscous brown line outwardly edged with whitish extends to inner margin; this line is also preceded by a dark brown shade, which extends narrowly along oval spot and expands on costa; a broad sub- terminal brown shade, finely edged with fuscous, and preceded by a fuscous shade opposite cell; outer margin paler, grayer, interrupted by a brown shade at vein 4; a terminal dark line partly interrupted; cilia whitish gray, with dark spots at veins, and crossed by two fine dark lines. Hind wings whitish, thinly scaled, tinged with brown; termen shaded with dark brown; the lines on cilia coarser, suffusing. Expanse.—22 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19759, U.S.N.M. CHABORA TEPETLALIS, new species. Female.—Head, collar, and thorax mottled white and reddish brown. Abdomen above pale golden brown mottled with lilacine; pale segmental lines. Fore wings whitish Ulacine, partly suffused with reddish brown; a brownish antemedial line, vertical from costa, outangled below median; a medial line from costa touching Ali reat reniform spot, and below vein 3 suffusing with the post- medial, which is very fine, outcurved around end a cell; an outer line equally distant from postmedial, and termen is white defined by reddish brown shading on inner side, and darker llacine shadings, outwardly even and very slightly outcurved; termen shaded with reddish brown, widely so between veins 4 and 6. Hind wings pale brownish gray. Wings below suffused with brown; a bright red outer shade at costa of fore wings; some red irrorations subterminally on hind wings, which are also whiter; discocellular spots and a post medial line. Expanse.—23 mm. Habitat—Popocatepetl Park, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19760, U.S.N.M. CHIRCONIA, new genus. Male.—Antennae pubescent ciliate. Palpi obliquely ascending, sometimes slightly curved; second joint densely scaled reaching just above vertex; third joint smooth, half as long as second. Abdomen slender, withshort lateraituftsterminally. Legssmoothlyscaled. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin produced, inbent from vein 4 to tornus; vein 3 from lower angle; 4 slightly above, equally distant from 3 and 5; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9 on long stalk from areole; 10 from areole above; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. Type of genus.—Plusiodonta anartoides Walker." The genus includes also: Chirconia convergens (Mecynoptera) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 34. CHIRCONIA AOUILALIS, new species. Male.—Body and fore wings ochreous brown; abdomen with seg- mental dark lines. Fore wings acute, outer margin curved and inbent from vein 4; lines fine, dark brown; antemedial forming three irregu- lar outcurves, with an inward white spot on costa; postmedial with a white costal spot outwardly, from the middle of costal margin, deeply outcurved around cell, wavy below cell; subterminal slightly sinuous, indistinct, finely edged with white inwardly; a terminal dark line; base of cilia like wing limited by a dark line and tipped with white. Hind wings grayish brown; cilia whitish crossed by a dark line. Fore wings below brown, the costa, apex, and termen ochreous with dark irrora- tions; some faint lines on costa. Hind wings below bone white irro- rated with brown, the costa and termen suffused with ochreous; a brown discocellular and postmedial line; terminal line on both wings. A specimen from Panama is darker; the subterminal suffused with purple and lilacine shadings; the thorax and base of abdomen also dark shaded. Expanse.—21 mm. Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico; Banana River, Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 19761, U.S.N.M. LUBERTA, new genus. Female.—Palpi upturned; second joint very long, straight, with long fringe behind; third joint one-fifth the length of second, also fringed behind and slightly turned back. Antennae ciliated. Fore wings: Apex acute; termen outangled at vein 4; vein 3 near lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 above angle; 6 below upper angle; areole long; 7 on short stalk with 8 and 9 from end of areole; 10 from above; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 very shortly stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Luberta nymbisalis Schaus. LUBERTA NYMBISALIS, new species. Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and forewings brownish ocher. Abdomen and hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings: Some scat- tered brown black irrorations; a fine brown streak along subcostal vein to end of cell; a few brown scales as orbicular; reniform consisting of a paler line with a brown point at either end; from below disco- cellular to inner margin at one-third from base a pale line defined by —— 1Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 32, 1865, p. 843. No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 8321 brownish edging, outwardly expanding to a brown black spot on inner margin; a pale line from apex to inner margin inwardly defined by a black line, preceded by gray shading, outwardly shaded with light reddish brown; an irregular subterminal grayish shade; indistinct terminal shadings on interspaces. Fore wings below dark brown, the apical area and terminal space ochreous brown. Hind wings below brownish ocher with dark irrorations; a dark discocellular point; a finely lunular postmedial line. Expanse.—40 mm. Habitat.— Bolivia. Type.—Cat. No. 19762, U.S.N.M. Genus HYPONEUMA Schaus. Hyponeuma Scuaus, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 132. Male.—Palpi long and slender. More than half the length of body, porrect, the second joint slightly fringed above; third joint has the length of second. Antennae fasciculate. Legs smooth. Wings broad. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded; vein 3 well before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7 on short stalk with 8 and 9 from areole, sometimes free; 10 from areole above; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 from middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Hyponeuma leucanioides Schaus = Herminodes? taliula Schaus,! the latter specific name having priority. Genus BOLICA Walker. Bolica WauKER, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, vol. 1, 1862, p. 118. Male.—Palpi upcurved, very densely clothed with hairs; second joint with large lateral tufts; third joint almost as long as second, with dense lateral tuft. Antennae pubescent with long cilia. Fore legs very hairy; hind tibiae and tarsi with short fringe above. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded, almost angled at vein 4; veins 3, 4,.5 equally and well apart; 6 from upper angle; 7 and 8 shortly stalked from areole; 9 on long stalk with 8; 10 from areole above; 11 free from well before end of cell. Hind wings: Underside with several ridges of raised scales, partly downturned; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Bolica armata Walker. MASTIGIA, new genus. Male.—Palpi very long; second joint porrect, 5mm. in length, slender, smooth; third joint longer than second, angled back to vertex with long terminal tuft. Antennae minutely pubescent, 1 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, p. 167. 10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——21 O22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. ciliate. Legs smooth. Fore wings: Apex produced; outer margin sinuous; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked from areole; 10 from areole; 11 from cell. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 on short stalk; 5 close to lower angle; 6 and 7 on longer stalk. Type of genus.— Mastygophorus epitusalis Walker." Genus PERIPHRAGE Herrich-Schaffer. Periphrage Herricu-Scuarrer, Ausser. Hur. Schmett., 1855, p. 69, fig. 396. Male.—Palpi upcurved reaching collar; third joint with long hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate with hairy tuft beyond middle. Legs smoothly scaled; fore tibiae with process. Fore wings: Outer margin excised below apex, angled at vein 4, then oblique; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; areole small; 7 from end, 8, 9, 10 stalked from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin produced at vein 4; veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 near lower angle. Type of genus.—Periphrage barbatula Uerrich-Schaffer, DRUCUMA, new genus. Male.—Palpi upcurved reaching above vertex, slender, shortly frmged in front; third joint more than half the length of second. Antennae pubescent ciliate with tuft of long hair before middle. Fore wings narrow; apex acute; outer margin obliquely rounded; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 a little above angle; 6 from upper angle; 7 from areole which is extremely small; 8, 9, 10 on long stalk from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 above angle. Type of genus.—Aristaria? apicata Druce? Genus MEGACHYTA Grote. Megachyta Grotr, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 306. Male.—Palpi upcurved; second joint reaching well above vertex, shortly fringed; third joint roughly scaled in front, rough behind less than half the length of second. Antennae pubescent ciliate with small tuft near middle. Legs long and slender. Wings broad. Fore wings: Vein 3 from before lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 slightly above angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from areole; 8, 9, 10 stalked from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 upper angle. Type of genus.—LEpizeuars lituralis Hiibner.® 1Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 150. 2 Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 459, pl. 37, fig. 23. 3 Zutraege, pl. 9, figs. 19, 20. No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 823 OIDEMASTIS, new genus. Male.—Antennae serrate, pubescent ciliate. Palpi upcurved reaching well above head; second joint slender, shortly fringed in front; third joint a little more than half the length of second. Fore tibiae and base of tarsi heavily fringed; hind tibiae smooth. Fore wings: Costa arched at base, medially depressed; apex acute; lower angle of cell rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 near upper angle; areole narrow; 7 from end; 8, 9, 10 stalked from end of areole; 11 free. Base of costa below, and the entire inner margin densely and roughly scaled. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from near lower angle; 6 and 7 more shortly stalked. Type of genus.—Oidemastis caliginosa Schaus. OIDEMASTIS CALIGINOSA, new species. Female.—Body dark brown; abdomen irrorated with buff; a dorsal buff spot at base. Wings dark brown to postmedial line, the outer space slate gray; a subterminal buff brown line, nearly straight, edged with fuscous brown, bifurcating on fore wing at vein 6 to apex; a marginal dark brown line, outwardly partly edged with buff brown; cilia with dark line at base, the tips partly white. Fore wings: An indistinct antemedial darker line; costa mottled with buff brown; orbicular a white point; reniform linear, white, edged with dark brown, and followed by a large brownish buff shade; postmedial dark brown, fine, outcurved, inwardly edged with buff brown. Hind wings: Some buff brown mottlings below vein 3; a darker shade on discocellular, and indistinct postmedial line. Fore wings below grayish, the costa yellow buff striated with brown; the spots as above. Hind wings below grayish brown, broadly shaded with white on inner margin, and striated with yellow buff; a dark line on discocellular; the buff subterminal tine distinct. Expanse.—17 mm. Habitat.— St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19763, U.S.N.M. Genus SCOPIFERA Herrich-Schéffer. Scopifera HerRIcH-ScCHAFFER, Corr.-Blatt, Regensburg, 1870, pp. 103, 108. Male.—Palpi long, upturned, reaching well beyond thorax; second joint with upturned lateral hairs. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae hairy. Wings long, outer margin rounded. Fore wings: Vein 3 from near lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 close above angle; 6 from upper angle; areole very small; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 close to lower angle. 324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Type of genus.—Bleptina menippusalis Walker *=Scopifera longi- palpalis Felder and Rogenhofer.? The genus includes: Palpi not reaching end of abdomen: Scopifera menippusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 176. Scopifera antelia (Bleptina) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 459, pl. 37, fig: 16 Palpi reaching end or beyond end of abdomen: Scopifera lycagusalis (Mastygophora) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 150=Bertula monstralis Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 33. Scopifera mirabilis (Mastigophorus) Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 3, 1889, p. 359. Scopifera lygdus (Mastigophorus) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 470, pl. 39, figs. 1, la. Scopifera antorides (Mastigophoris) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 47, pl. 39, figs. 2, 2a) = Mastigophorus pandes Schau! Proc. U. S. Nat. Much: col: 30, 1906, p- 129. Scopifera poasalis (Mastixis) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, Vol. 115: 19138; pe 8. Also the following new species: SCOPIFERA FALSIRENALIS, new species. Male.—Palpi mottled brown and ocherous. Body and wings grayish brown. Fore wings: Antemedial line dark brown, outangled on median; orbicular small, dark brown; reniform narrow, incurved, whitish, divided by a dark line, inwardly broadly shaded with dark brown, which extends along postmedial to inner margin; outwardly the reniform is followed by an ochreous shade to postmedial, which is gray on costa, ocherous edged with dark brown opposite reniform, then gray and ‘cee below it; subterminal whitish from costa to vein 7, followed by a fuscous haces n streak from above vein 7 to apex, and marked by a similar spot just below 7, from which point it is wavy, indistinct, slightly darker than around color; narrow dark terminal spots; base of gray cilia paler. Hind wings: A faint post- medial darker line, and a pale subterminal line. Expanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19764, U.S.N.M. SCOPIFERA PHRYGIALIS, new species. Male.—Palpi, head, and thorax brown; abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings brown, the lines on medial is and medial space below cell dark “brown, the medial space above median slightly paler, but “1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 126. 2 Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 35. nO. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 825 not so light as basal space; lines brownish white; antemedial out- bent from costa, faintly smuous; postmedial almost straight to vein 3, then slightly incurved; a whitish orbicular point; reniform long, narrow, consisting of a fine black brown streak, edged inwardly, below, and partly on outer edge with white; some darker shading beyond postmedial opposite cell; subterminal rather remote from termen indicated by some fine yellowish streaks on veins, forming a line near costa, these followed by black brown shading towards apex; terminal triangular dark spots. Hind wings dull dark gray brown. The underside like other species of this group. Kepanse.—29 mm. Habitat.—Juan Vinas, Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 19765, U.S.N.M. This species is closest to S. mirabilis Butler from Jamaica, Genus MASTIXIS Schaus. Mastizis Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 8. Male.—Palpiupcurved, reaching thorax; third joint with long tufts oninner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with long narrow process. Fore wings: Costal margin long, convex toward apex; outer margin oblique; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; areole small; 7 from areole; 8, 9, 10 stalked from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Cell short; veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.— Mastixis chloe Schaus. This genus also includes the following species: Mastixis comptulalis (Hypena?) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral, 1854, p.36= Bocana malis Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 477, pl. 39, fig. 22. Mastixis aspisalis (Herminia) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 857 = Herminia asteralis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 858= Hypena bisignalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 108=Bleptina responsalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 113= Mastigophorus mallophora Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 471, pl. 39, figs. 5, 5a. ' Mastixis stalemusalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 869. Mastizis macedo (Bleptina) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 456, pl. 37, fig. 8. Mastixis anthores ( Mastigophorus) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 470, pl. 39, fig. 3. Mastixis lysaniaz ( Mastigophorus) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 471, pl. 39, figs. 4, 4a. Mastixis aonia (Mastigophorus) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 471, pl. 39, figs. 6, 6a. 326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Mastixis apsinthes (Neoherminia) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., yol. 1, 1891, p. 473, pl. 39, fig. 9. Mastizis angitia (Neoherminia ?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 473, pl. 39, fig. 11. 2 Mastixis tessellata (Poena) Druce, Biol. Cenir.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 484, pl. 40, fig. 15. Mastizxis lineata ( Mastigophorus) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 129. 2 Mastizis turrialbensis, Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. ld” £913, p. 9. Mastixis hyades Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 50. Mastixis albilimbata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 50. Mastixis languida Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 51. Mastizis infuscata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 51. 2 Mastixis plumalis (Hypena) Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 36. 2 Mastixis galealis (Rejectaria) Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 21. The last two species are unknown to me. MASTIXIS DUKINFIELDI, new species. Male.—Palpi lilacine gray, fringed below with dark brown. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings dull lilacine gray. Abdomen lght brown. Fore wings: Antemedial line black brown, deeply outcurved, lunular; orbicular and reniform yellow brown edged with fuscous, the orbicular small, round, the reniform slightly incurved; postme- dial fine, black, wavily dentate, parallel with termen; subterminal straight, yellow brown edged with fuscous, its outer edge slightly sinuous; an apical dark streak; an interrupted terminal black line. Hind wings light brown, the costa whitish; a fine dark postmedial line; a pale subterminal line, inwardly edged with fuscous, not reaching costal half of wing; terminal line as on fore wing. Kepanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 19766, U.S.N.M. Allied to M. lysanvaz Druce. MASTIXIS HIPPOCOON, new species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax light brown; abdomen similar at base shading to dark grayish brown. Fore wings: Basal two-thirds light brown, tinged with lilacine, terminal third fuscous slate color, the postmedial and subterminal lines preceded by fuscous brown shades, the former buff on costa, then slate color, straight, almost vertical, the latter buff gray, wavy, outbent to vein 6, shortly in- turned and vertical to tornus; the termen tinged with gray; a terminal no. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAB—SCHAUS. 82% black line inwardly edged with buff; a very fine antemedial line, outangled in cell; a fuscous basal line on subcostal; a small fuscous spot medially on costa; reniform large yellow brown. Hind wings dull fuscous brown; costa narrowly white; a postmedial buff line from vein 3 downbent to termen below vein 2, then inbent to anal angle, preceded by a buff shade, crossed by dark striae on vein 2; some brown and buff mottlings above angle; a subterminal line, indistinct on costal half, better marked from vein 5 to termen at vein 2; terminal line as on fore wing, the buff preceding it broader. Fore wings below greyish, the costa and termen shaded with yellow buff; a dark discal point; a postmedial line well marked from costa to vein 5, then indistinct; subterminal pale buff. Hind wings below buff white irrorated with brown; a small streak in cell, and spot on discocellular; postmedial line fine, wavy; termen dark shaded; a subterminal lumular buff line from costa to termen at vein 2. Ezpanse.—30 mm. Habitat—Rockstone, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19767, U.S.N.M. MASTIXIS CASTRONALIS, new species. Male.—Body and wings pale brown. Abdomen with dark seg- mentallines. Fore wings: A basal angled black line; antemedial pale, outangled close below cell, outwardly edged with black brown, broadly on costa, and suffusing in cell with small bright brown orbic- ular spot; an incurved dark line on discocellular, followed by a bright brown spot; an inbent fuscous shade below reniform to inner margin; postmedial almost vertical, straight, white, inwardly edged with black; an obliquely outbent subterminal line on costa, inwardly broadly shaded with black; traces of subterminal fuscous spots. Hind wings: Costa broadly white to near apex; inner area tinged with gray; a whitish line from middle of wing down-bent to anal angle; a subterminal dentate white line, both lines inwardly darker edged; a terminal interrupted black line on both wings; cilia gray with a yellowish basal line. Expanse.—20 mm. Habitat.—Castro, Parana. Type.—Cat. No. 19768, U.S.N.M. MASTIXIS AENEAS, new species. Male.—Palpi dull grayish brown. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings brown. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings: A fine indistinct, fuscous antemedial and medial line; orbicular and reniform orange brown, the former small, edged with black, the latter incurved, inwardly edged with black; postmedial yellowish, vertical, finely edged with fuscous; terminal space tinged with gray; an irregular sub- terminal black line; an interrupted terminal black line. Hind wings 328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. fuscous gray; discal spot of underside visible; a fuscous postmedial line, edged with yellow toward anal angle; traces of a pale dentate subterminal line. Hind wings below gray, irrorated with brown on costa; discal spot large, black; postmedial finely lunular; subterminal pale. Expanse.—31 mm. Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 19769, U.S.N.M. Near MM. hippocoon Schaus. Genus NEOPALTHIS Druee. Neopalthis Drucr, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 475, pl. 39, figs. 16, 16a, 17, 17a. Male.—Palpi slightly upeurved, very long; second joint fringed above;. third joint thickly scaled; antennae fasciculate. Fore wings: Acute; costa arched before apex; outer margin oblique; veins, 3, 4, 5 near together from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; areole narrow, 7 from end; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin oblique, angled at vein 2; veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 close to lower angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. Type of genus.—Neopalthis madates Druce. DECTOCRASPEDON, new genus. Male.—Antennex pubescent with long cilia. Palpi upturned, second joint very long, third one-fourth the length of second, both fringed above. Legs smooth. Fore wings: Costa arched; apex acute; outer margin produced and angled at vein 4, oblique below it; vein 3 close to lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 close to lower angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from areole; 8,9, 10 on long stalk from areole; 11 free. Hind wings produced below apex; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Dectocraspedon braziliensis Schaus. Goniapteryx ? morada Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 26, probably belongs here. DECTOCRASPEDON BRAZILIENSIS, new species. Male.—Palpi fuscous outwardly. Body and wings grayish ocher or brownish ocher, the latter thinly darker irrorated with striae and with a few black dots. Fore wings: Antemedial and medial lines fuscous brown, angled on subcostal and wavily inbent; orbicular a white point; reniform a small black spot; outer line bright brown outwardly edged with yellowish, outangled on costa, then faintly sinuous to inner margin near tornus; a subterminal fuscous spot between veins 5 and 6; small fuscous marginal spots suffusing from vein 3 to inner margin; cilia fuscous with a pale line at base and partly white tipped. Hind wings: A black discal point; postme- no. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE SCHAUS. 829 dial line straight, double, the wing beyond darker, the line followed by some black spots at inner margin, and a large white spot below vein 7, and asmaller spot above it. Wings below paler with the lines repeated. Hind wings produced at vein 7. Kxpanse.—37 mm. Habitat—Espiritu Santo, Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 19770, U.S.N.M. DECTOCRASPEDON LATEFASCIATA, new species. Female.—Palpi outwardly mottled brown and fuscous. Head white. Collar and thorax yellowish brown. Abdomen gray. Wings yellowish white with a few dark irrorations. Fore wings: Ante- medial and medial fine lines, angled on subcostal, followed by yellow brown spots on costa, slightly inbent, followed by fuscous spots below cell and submedian; termen from apex to below vein 5 brown limited by a fine gray irregular line, and with a black terminal line; tornus mottled with brown. Hind wings: A black discal point followed by a broad brown fascia, expanding to termen between vein 5 and costa, where it is crossed by a black line, from vein 6 to costa followed by a gray shade. The outer margin is produced at vein 7 and at vein 5. Expanse.—42 mm. Habitat.—Espiritu Santo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 19771, U.S.N.M. DECTOCRASPEDON OBTUSALIS, new species. Female.—Palpi mottled brown and ochreous. Head fuscous gray. Collar and thorax ocher brown; abdomen pale ochreous with some black irrorations. Fore wings ocher-brown with a few darker striae and black irrorations, and slightly tinged with Iacine; a pale ocher shade at base and similar outer fascia, the latter expanding to apex on costa, inwardly lunular above vein 5, and containing a black point above submedian, its outer edge marked by black and white points; orbicular a white point; reniform a black point; some marginal black points at tornus. Hind wings the same color, the termen tinged with yellow-brown; the pale outer space less distinct and with large black spots. Wings below whitish brown more darkly irrorated; black discal spots, and marginal black points; the wing produced at vein 7, then straight to anal angle. Expanse.—40 mm. Habitat.—Kspiritu Santo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 19772, U.S.N.M. TAPHONIA, new genus. Male.—Antennae pubescent ciliate with raised tuft about middle. Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint slender, four times the length of head, well fringed above; third joint one-fourth the length of second. 830 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7 from areole, which is narrow; 8 ,9, 10 stalked from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 very shortly stalked; vein 5 well above lower angle. Type of genus.—Taphonia peonis Schaus. The genus includes: Taphonia muscosa (Hypena) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 436, pl. 35, fig. 19. Taphonia lysis (Aristaria) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol 1, 1890, p- 458, pl. 37, fig. 21. TAPHONIA PEONIS, new species. Male.—Body and wings fuscous gray. Wings: The lines black; an interrupted terminal line expanding on interspaces; cilia light gray. Fore wings: A faint antemedial line; orbicular small, light brown edged with black; a medial line touching reniform, which consists of a black line followed by some light brown scaling; postmedial and outer lines parallel, wavy dentate with whitish gray points on veins. Hind wings: A postmedial line, outwardly edged with whitish near inner margin; the subterminal minutely dentate with whitish points on veins. Fore wings below fuscous gray, the costa and termen paler; a postmedial black line. Hind wings below whitish irrorated with fuscous gray; a dark point on discocellular; a dark postmedial line; the pale subterminal line formed by dark edging. Tore tibiae smooth. ; Expanse.—22 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Jalapa, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19773, U.S.N.M. TAPHONIA GRISEIRENA, new species. Female.—Palpi dark brown, the fringe above irrorated with whitish. Head, collar, thorax and fore wings purplish black. Abdomen fuscous with sublateral whitish irrorations. Fore wings: Lines fine, dull black; a subbasal grayish point in cell; antemedial line wavy; or- bicular a small whitish gray spot finely edged with black; a curved medial line from cell; reniform large, irregular, whitish gray, crossed by a broken black line, and outwardly touching a black spot on postmedial; the postmedial and subterminal parallel, wavy on anterior half, lunular below it, the subterminal outwardly finely edged with dark gray; a wavy marginal line connecting black points. Hind wings fuscous brown; faint postmedial and subterminal lines; the terminal as on forewings. Hind wings below dark brown with some whitish irrorations; a black point on discocellular and faint traces of lines. No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 881 Expanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—Misantla, Mexico.. Type.—Cat. No. 19774, U.S.N.M. Described from a very fresh specimen collected by Mr. Miller. A male from Orizaba is somewhat rubbed. The fore tibix of male have a long process. TAPHONIA ? SEMIFASCIATA, new species. Female.—Body and wings pale ochreous, the head, collar, and thorax darker, grayer. Fore wings: A brown antemedial line, outangled on subcostal; postmedial fine almost vertical from costa, passing close beyond discocellular, then incurved; the medial space between lines from cell to inner margin fuscous brown; orbicular round, brown, containing some pale scales; an incurved brown line on discocellular followed by some brown scaling; an outer brown black fascia from vein 7 to inner margin, its inner edge straight, its outer edge incurved from vein 6 to vein 4, and from vein 3 to near tornus; a terminal fuscous spot above vein 7, and a subterminal dark point. Hind wings shaded with reddish brown on inner margin. Wings below ochreous brown. ‘This is certainly not a Taphonia; the palpi are obliquely ascending, the third joint almost as long as second, smooth; on fore wing veins 8, 9, 10 are on long stalk from areole. Expanse.—32 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19775, U.S.N.M. GOEDNES, new genus. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, twice the length of head; second joint shghtly fringed above; third jomt half as long assecond, smooth. Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Apex acute; vein 2 from near So dS ? lower angle; 3 from lower angle; a vesicle from veins 2 to 4; 4 and 5 from middle of discocellular; 6 from below upper angle; areole small; ) o ) 2 7 from areole; 8 to 10 stalked from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Goednes abnormalis Schaus. GOEDNES ABNORMALIS, new species. Male.—Palpi: Second joint cinnamon tipped with white; third joint dark brown. Body dull gray. Wings light gray irrorated with slightly darker scales, the lines and shades pale cinnamon brown; a terminal brown black line. Fore wings: Subbasal and antemedial outcurved shades, the latter interrupted in cell anteriorly by a small white spot; a large white spot at end of cell between veins 2 and 4, followed by the outcurved medial shade; a postmedial outcurved 832 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. line, edged on costa by a white line, followed by a large cinnamon shade; a whitish shade at apex. Hind wings: A broad medial and postmedial shade, not reaching costa, which is white to subterminal; the subterminal shade outwardly edged with whitish gray. Wings below cinnamon brown; faint darker postmedial lines. Fore wings: The white spots well defined. Hind wings: A darker antemedial shade. Expanse.—17 mm. Habitat.—Geldersland, Surinam. Type.—Cat. No. 19776, U.S.N.M. Genus LUTOGONIA Schaus. Tutogonia Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1913, p. 30. Female.—Palpi porrect twice the length of head; second joint fringed below with long hairs; third joint smoothly scaled, the tips blunt. Antennae minutely ciliated. Legs smooth. Fore wings: Costal margin straight, outer margin rounded; vein 3 from before angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; areole very narrow; 7 from end; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin slightly incurved opposite cell; veins 3 and 4 from a point; 5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Lutogonia simplex Schaus. Genus TRAUAXA Walker. Trauaza WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1216. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, as long as head and thorax; second joint heavily fringed above; third joint short, acuminate, fringed at base. Antennae bipectinate. Legs smooth. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 near upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Trauaza obliqualis Walker—Hypena lua Druce.* Genus PHALAENOSTOLA Grote. Phalaenostola Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 302. Male.—Palpi upceurved, reaching well above head; second joint coarsely scaled with longer hairs behind; third joint half the length of second with longer hairs behind. Antennae pectinated. Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Phaiaenostola larentioides Grote. 1 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 428, pl. 34, fig. 8. no. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3388 Genus OCALARIA Schaus. Ocalaria Scuaus, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 132. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint four times the length of head, moderately scaled; third joint as long as second, smooth. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 apart; 6 below upper angle; areole broad; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Ocalaria guarana Schaus. This genus also includes: Ocalaria 4. ocellata (Thyridospila) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 1865, p. 1027. Ocalaria dioptica (Dialithis) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 1865, p. 1077 = Cyclopteryx ? macrops, Felder and Rogenhofer Reise Novara, pl. 120, fig. 15. Ocalaria oculata (Cyclopteryx) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 524, pl. 97, fig. 25. Ocalaria pavo Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, Deol. OCALARIA PAVINA, new species. Female.—Head, collar, and thorax mottled gray and brown. Abdomen ocher white with a few brown irrorations. Wings whitish irrorated with brown, thinly so on hind wings; a subterminal dentate brown line. Fore wings: Costa finely dark brown; lines very fine, wavy, brown; antemedial inbent; a small black ocellus with a white point and yellow ring at end of cell, followed by the postmedial which crosses discocellular; an outer line, outcurved below costa; a subapical black spot surmounted by a white point and some metallic green scaling; a brown streak from ocellus to termen which is suffused with brown. Hind wings: A faint antemedial line; a fine streak on discocellular; a postmedial line; an interrupted terminal line. Wings below the same as above. Expanse.—26 mm. Habitat—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 19777, U.S.N.M. SANTIAXIS, new genus. Male.—Palpi obliquely upbent, twice the length of head; second joint moderately scaled; third joint smooth, one-third as long as second, Antennae bipectinate. Tibiae rather short, smoothly scaled. Fore wings broad; outer margin obliquely rounded; a deep triangular fold on subcostal underneath at base; veins 3, 4, 5 near together; 6 below upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. 334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Hind wings: Cell short; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 a little above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Santiaxis copvma Schaus. SANTIAXIS COPIMA, new species. Male.—Body and wings slate brown; abdomen with browner irror- ations above. Wings: Lines dark brown; a terminal black line inwardly finely edged with gray, and intersected by veins; cilia pale tipped. Fore wings: Antemedial fine, inbent on costa, then out- curved from middle of cell, on costa edged by a white line inwardly; a faint medial line, almost vertical; postmedial slightly curved around reniform, outwardly finely gray edged; reniform yellow brown with two fuscous brown points and a similar shade beyond anostomosing with postmedial. Hind wings: Two large points on discocellular; antemedial and postmedial lines as on fore wings. Underneath gray- ish white irrorated with brown. Fore wings: Outer third brownish with a macular subterminal white le; antemedial, medial, and post- medial lines, the last edged with white outwardly. Hind wings with the two lines minutely wavy dentate. Expanse.—15 mm, Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19778, U.S.N.M. AGGUSTIANA, new genus. Male.—Palpi porrect, three times the length of head; second joint with triangular tuft above. Antennae pectinated. Legs smooth. Wings broad. Fore wings: Vein 3 before lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 slightly above angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Gustiana libitina Druce.* The genus includes also: Aggustiana limaea (Gustiana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 426, pl. 35, fig. 2. Aggustiana intermedia (Gustiana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 522, pl. 97, fig. 21. Aggustiana mecyanalis (Gustiana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 523, pl. 97, fig. 22. Aggustiana nigripalpis (Gustiana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 523, pl. 97, fig. 23. Aggustiana guarda (Gustiana) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, p. 168. Aggustiana undilinea (Gustiana) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, wol. 11; 1913-p..29. Aggustiana mox (Gustiana) Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 386. 1 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 425, pl. 35, fig. 1. No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 8385 AGGUSTIANA FRAGILALIS, new species. Male.—Palpi light brown with darker irrorations. Head and tho- rax whjtish gray irrorated with brown; the collar tinged with light brown. Fore wings gray; a fine brown inbent, wavy, antemedial line; a postmedial brownish fascia, edged by the medial and post- medial lines, the former passing across the dark brown discocellular streak, the latter wavy and not pale-edged as in A. limaea Druce; a fine wavy subterminal line. Hind wings dull gray; a fine dark ter- minal line, straight, not crenulate as in A. limaea. Expanse.—24 mm. Habitat —Zacualpan, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19779, U.S.N.M. Genus PHILOMETRA Grote. Philometra Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 98. Male.—Palpi very long, porrect, slightly fringed above near base. Antennae pectinated. Wings broad. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 below upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10, from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veims 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Philometra longilabris Grote, which sinks as a syno- nym of metonalis (Herminia) Walker.'=gaosalis (Epizeuxis) Walker.? Genus DERCETIS Grote. Dercetis GROTE, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 4, 1878, p. 186. Male.—Palpi long, porrect, four times as long as head; second joint with triangular tuft above near head; third joint short, acute, slightly fringed above. Antennae bipectinate. Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Outer margin sinuous; veins 3, 4, 5, equally apart; 6 below upper angle; areole very small; 7, 8 and 9,10,from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 from near lower angle. Type of genus.—Dercetis vitrea Grote. DERCETIS POLYIDUS, new species. Male.—Palpi white irrorated with dark gray. Body creamy white irrorated with light brown. Fore wings brownish white; costal and outer margins finely striated with brown; lines fuscous brown on costa, heavily marked, otherwise light brown, indistinct; a subbasal spot on costa; antemedial outcurved below cell; an oblique spot on 1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 236, 2 Idem, vol. 19, 1859, p. 876. 336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. costa above orbicular, which is very small; reniform consisting of a yellow white shade surrounded by dark spots, the one behind largest ; postmedial finely wavy, outcurved, followed by a fuscous shade from vein 5 to termen at vein 4; a well-marked fine dark terminal line. Hind wings white, the termen shaded with light brown; a dark brown terminal line. Wings below white. Fore wings: Costa and apex with dark striae; a fuscous shade from costa postmedially to termen at vein 4. ind wings thinly striated with brown except below cell; the apex more heavily striated; a dark discal line; a postmedial line; subter- minal line interrupted from vein 4 to near inner margin. Expanse.—19 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19810, U.S.N.M. DERCETIS PERDICCAS, new species. Male.—Body and fore wings gray brown. Abdomen with fine whit- ish segmental lines. Fore wings: The brown scaling forming fine lines; traces of an antemedial and a postmedial lunular dentate fine darker line. Hind wings whitish ocher, suffused with brown; traces of a postmedial and a subterminal line toward inner margin, the latter line angled. Hind wings below white irrorated with brown, less so on inner margin. Expanse.—9 mm. Habitat—Taboga Island, Panama. Type.—Cat. No. 19811, US.NM. DERCETIS IPHIAS, new species. Male.—Body gray; abdomen with pale segmental lines. Fore wings gray, finely mottled with grayish brown; lines fine indistinct brown, originating from fuscous costal spots; antemedial wavy, verti- cal; postmedial outcurved beyond cell, dentate lunular; reniform white and light brown crossed by a dark brown line; an interrupted terminal dark line. Hind wings white shaded with pale grayish brown; a terminal dark line. Fore wings below gray, the costa white crossed by dark striae; reniform white crossed by a dark line; a fus- cous streak on costa above it; a subterminal dark line on costa. Hind wings below white mottled with brown, chiefly on costa; a brown discal spot; postmedial and subterminal brown lines; an interrupted fuscous brown terminal line on both wings. Female grayer. Fore wings: The lines more distinct, not originating from costal spots; reniform inwardly white, outwardly yellow; a whit- ish subterminal line. Hind wings: A fine postmedial line; a whitish subterminal line; the terminal line on both wings finer than in male. Fore wings below dull brown; the costa medially irrorated with white; reniform as above. Hind wings below brown irrorated with white, the No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3387 inner margin broadly white; the dark line on discocellular inwardly edged with white; a dark brown postmedial line; subterminal line white. Expanse.—Male, 12 mm.; female 16 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19812, U.S.N.M. This may be the same as the North American D. pygmaea Grote. Possibly sexes of different species. Genus GUSTIANA Walker. Gustiana WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 24, 1862, p. 1099. Gaala WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1128. Male.—Palpi long, porrect; second joint fringed above at base; third joint upturned. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth. Wings: Outer margins angled. Fore wings: Vein 3 from lower angle; 4 and 5 apart, above angle; 6 from upper angle; areole very large; 7, 8, and 9; 10 from end of areole; 11 free; costal vein ap- proximating 11. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Gustiana subfiexata Walker=Platydia abditalis Walker != Herminia? figuralis Walker ?= Gaala dispunctalis Walker.* Genus HORMISA Walker. Hormisa WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 74. Litognatha Grote, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1873, p. 85. (Type, L. nubilifascia Grote=absorptalis ( Hormisa) Walker.‘ > Sisyrhypena Grote, Can. Ent., vol. 5, 1873, p. 227. (Type, S. pupillaris Grote, which sinks as a synonym of Hormisa? orciferalis Walker.) ° Pallachira Grote, Can. Ent., vol. 9, 1877, p. 197. (Type, P. biviltata Grote.) ® Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint four times the length of head, slender, thinly fringed above; third joint half the length of second, smooth. Antennae pectinated with small tuft at one-third from base. Wings broad. Fore wings: Costa straight; apex not acute; outer margin obliquely rounded; vein 3 from before lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin straight from vein 7 to vein 2; 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 stalked. Type of genus.—H. absorptalis Walker. Genus ATOPOMORPHA Warren. Atopomorpha WarRreEN, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 252. Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching above head; third joint with long hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate with hairy tuft 1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 11. 4 Idem, vol. 16, 1858, p. 74. 2 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, vol. 1, 1862, p. 112. 5 Idem, vol. 16, 1858, p. 235. 8 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1129. 6 Can. Ent., vol. 9, 1877, p. 198. 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——22 338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. before middle. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with short process; hind tibiae with fringe of hairs. Fore wings narrow; outer margin obliquely sinuous; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; arcole narrow; 7 from end of areole; 8 and 9 on short stalk; 10 from areole above; 11 free. Hind wings produced below apex, slightly incurved from vein 4 to anal angle; veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 well above angle. Type of genus.—Atopomorpha singularis Warren. T am inclined to believe that Zanclognatha? denisi Felder and Rogenhofer,! is the female of Atopomorpha singularis Warren, in spite of their dissimilarity. Genus MEGATOMIS Hubner. Megatomis HiBNER, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816, p. 342. Homogramma GuENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 88. Type, H. mialis Guenée= Megatomis lacratesalis 2 Walker. Aegara WaLKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1128. Type, A. interruptalis Walker= Megatomis polycletusalis Walker,’ the latter name having priority. Batyma Scuaus, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30,1906, p. 130. Type, B. onesalis Schaus. Male.—Palpi long, upcurved, reaching beyond head; third joint with long hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent cilate with tuft usually at middle of shaft. Fore tibiae and base of tarsi densely scaled. Fore wings: Outer margin irregular; veins 3, 4,5 equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole, which is small or narrow; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.— Megatomis mimalis Hiibner= Homogramma hu- moralis Guenée.* ; The genus also includes: Megatomis acidalialis (Homogramma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyrai., 1854, p.-90. Megatomis macarialis (Homogramma) Guenée, Delt. et Pryal., 1854. p. 90= Megatomis augiasalis Walker Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 144, Megatomis moribundalis (Homogramma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 91. Megatomis lysippusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p- 146. Megatomis leosalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 147. The type, a male, has no antennae and may not belong here. Megatomis hastiferalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 243. 1 Reise Novara, 1873, pl..120, fig. 28. 8’ Tdem, vol. 16, 1858, p. 145. 2 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 884. 4 Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 90. No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3389 Megatomis otisalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 244. Megatomis styrusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 866, the female of ophelasalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 868. Megatomis euphronialis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 885. Megatomis compta (Thyridospila) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 1865, p. 1026. Megatomis acuminatalis (Platydia) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 1865, p. 1026. The types of the last two species are females and they may possibly not belong here. Megatomis remulcens Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 3 Megatomis mikani Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 3 31 Megaidenis terricola Méschler, Lep. Surinam, vol. 3, 1880, p. 472. Megatomis bidentalis Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 243. Probably belongs to a different genus. Megatomis lyceus (Bleptina) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 457 (pl. 37, fig. 19, female) = Megatomis antoma Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 468, pl. 38, figs. 26, 26a, male. Megatomis anna Druce, te Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 467, pl. 38, figs. 21, 21a, 22 Megatomis yee Onda gees 3iol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 467, pl. 38, figs. 23, 23a, 24. Deans anthipp e Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 468, pl. 38, figs. 25, 25a. Megatomis mago on phrage) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 468, pl. 38, figs. 27, 27a. EMinatonis anyte (eer oe ge) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 469, pl. 38, figs. 28, 28a Pe atari trinidalis neni Het. janee Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 57. MEGATOMIS BREVILINEALIS, new species. Male.—Body and fore wings purplish slate color. Fore wings: Costa striated with yellow buff; antemedial line fuscous brown, out- bent; orbicular round, yellow buff, edged with fuscous brown; reni- . form similar, narrow, incurved, followed by a yellow point; post- medial line bluntly outangled on costal margin, incurved, almost touching reniform, white, inwardly shaded with dark brown, and followed by a greyish shade and some yellow buff mottling, chiefly towards inner margin; subterminal line yellow buff, angled and in- curved from below vein 6 to vein 3, then again incurved, preceded 340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 50. by a fuscous brown shade, which crosses the line at vein 7 to apex; a dark terminal line. Hind wings tinged with brown; the postmedial white line and buff shading only from vein 4 to vein 2. Fore wings below dull greyish brown, the costal margin mottled with yellow buff; a faint discocellular streak and postmedial line; subterminal buff white spots from costa to vein 6. Hind wings below brown thickly irrorated with buff; a dark postmedial line; subterminal line, whitish, macular, better marked on fold and at anal angle. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19813, U.S.N.M. MEGATOMIS SEMIOTHISA, new species. Male.—Body and wings pale lilacine brown, with a few dark striae and irrorations. Fore wings: An antemedial dark line, very faint; orbicular small yellowish white, darker edged; reniform similar, linear, oblique; postmedial line remote, very fine, fuscous, edged out- wardly with white, then with light brown, which is divided by a dark brown subterminal line, geminate towards inner margin; these lines and shades close together forming a subterminal fascia; a terminal dark lunular line. Hind wings similar, without the antemedial line. Wings below whitish buff, striated with brown; a single fine post- medial line, rather indistinct. Expanse.—26 mm. Habitat.—Rockstone, British Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19814, U.S.N.M. MEGATOMIS SUBMARCATA, new species. Male.—Palpi outwardly dark brown. Frons brown; vertex white. Collar and thorax irrorated with brown. Abdomen grey brown, more darkly irrorated; whitish segmental lines; basal segment whitish buff. Fore wings: Costal margin whitish buff striated with brown, except apically; base and medial space dark brown; outer space lighter brown, the termen shaded with white from apex to vein 4, and at tornus; antemedial line outangled, white; orbicular linear, oblique, white; reniform white, narrower in front, expanding behind; post- medial outangled on costa, fuscous, inbent sinuous, white from vein 6 to inner margin. Hind wings brown, shaded with fuscous medially; postmedial line broad, white; a subterminal whitish line expanding at anal angle; a terminal fuscous brown line on both wings. Wings below mottled white and buff with dark brown striae; lines heavy, brown black; a terminal wavy dark line. Fore wings: Antemedial in cell before the oblique white orbicular; medial space in cell brown black; a dark curved line on discocellular followed by a white shade; postmedial line vertical; dark spots from vein 6 to apex. Hind no. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 841 wings: A vertical antemedial line; postmedial outcurved; subter- minal faintly indicated by fine darker shadings. Expanse.—23 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19815, U.S.N.M. MEGATOMIS HERMIA, new species. Female-—Body and wings purplish slate color. Fore wings: Antemedial line white, preceded by a bright brown shade; cell and medial space below it dark brown; orbicular small, white; reniform linear, white, continuing as a white line to inner margin, followed by a bright brown shade; some buff brown irrorations on costa; asub- terminal fuscous brown irregular shade; postmedial line dark brown only traceable on costa; termen paler shaded, interrupted by a brown shade at vein 4; a dark terminal line. Hind wings: A medial white line as on fore wings, preceeded by a dark brown shade; a darker outer line, outangled at vein 5, then incurved to near medial line, limiting the dark shadings; veins terminally broadly darker slate color. Fore wings below yellow brown to postmedial fine dark line, striated with darker brown; inner margin greyish; outer space fus- cous grey; a subterminal faint whitish line followed by small black spots above veins 6 and 7; a terminal white shade below apex and at vein 3. Hind wings below fuscous grey irrorated with white; medial and postmedial lines fine, dark brown, edging a broad yellow brown space; subterminal fine, whitish, partly edged with dark brown shading. Expanse.—19 mm. Halitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type—Cat. No. 19816, U.S.N.M. Genus TARISTA Schaus. Tarista Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 23. -Male.—Palpi upturned, second joint fringed with hair above, third joint very short. Antennae pubescent ciliate with raised tuft about middle of shaft. Fore tibiae and tarsi with long tufts of hair. Fore wings narrow; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; areole narrow; 7, 8, and 9 on long stalk, 10 from end of areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 from angles; 5 from near lower angle. Type of genus.—Tarista morosa Schaus. The genus includes also: Tarista nigrirenalis (bleptina) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral, 1854, p. 68. =Renia lytocalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 881. 342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. Tarista lydia (Aristaria) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 458, pl. 37, figs. 20, 20a. Tarista lycaon (Aristaria) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 459, pl. 37, fig. 22. Tarista ricalis (Aristaria) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 126. Tarista cacalis (Renia) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p: 2%. Tarista stolalis (Aristaria) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 127= Tarista innocua Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, VOLO: 19131225: Tarista rufipalps Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 24. Tarista vnvida Dognin, Lep. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 69. TARISTA ALBIAPICALIS, new species. Male.—Body dark brown; abdomen terminally with white seg- mental lines. Wings purplish brown. Fore wings: Antemedial fuscous points on veins; an orbicular white point; reniform large, ochreous brown, inwardly edged by a white crescent; a fine post- medial fuscous brown line, outangled beyond cell; a subterminal broad dark brown line from apex, parallel with postmedial below vein 7; a terminal white spot just below apex, including cilia, sur- mounted by a black point; a terminal dark line. Hind wings: Disk browner shaded; postmedial and subterminal, straight and parallel as on fore wing, terminating in a white shade at anal angle, which is distinctly produced; the subterminal is crossed by a whitish line near anal angle. The female is almost similar; an antemedial wavy brown line; anal angle of hind wings rounded and without white. ‘ Expanse.—Male, 20 mm.; female, 24 mm. Habitat—Male: Trinidad River, Panama; female, Peru. Type.—Cat. No. 19817, U.S.N.M. Genus ZANCLOGNATHA Lederer. Zanclognatha LepreRER, Noct. Eur., 1857, p. 211. Pityolita Grove, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1873, p.39. (Type, Herminia pedipilalis Guenee, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 57.) Cleptomita Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 301. (Type, C. atri- lineella Grote.) Male.—Palpi upceurved reaching well above vertex, shortly fringed; third joint less than half the length of second, roughly scaled with some longer hairs behind. Antennae pubescent ciliate with small tuft before the middle. Wings broad. Fore wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 slightly above angle; 6 from upper no. 21382. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 843 angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from narrow areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 very shortly stalked or from angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. Type of genus.—Paraculaz tarsiplumalis Hiibner. Genus CHYTOLITA Grote. Chytolita Grote, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 309. Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint four times the length of head, roughly scaled and fringed behind; third joint roughly scaled, one-fourth the length of second. Antennae pubescent ciliate with small tuft or swelling at one-third from base. Fore tibiae with long sheath containing floeculent scales. Wings broad. Fore wings: Outer margin rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 equally and well apart; 6 near upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 stalked. Type of genus.—Herminia morbidalis Guenée. Genus CHARMODIA Modschler. Charmodia Méscuuer, Beitr. Schmett.-Fauna Surinam, pt. 5, 1882, p. 356. Male.—Palpi upeurved, angled above vertex and reaching to near end of abdomen. Antennae pubescent with long cilia. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with moderate process. Fore wings: Outer margin rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle equally apart; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free from middle of cell. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 near lower angle. Type of genus.—Charmodia vectis Méschler = Hypenodes lysizona Druce * = Mastigophorus pasiihea Schaus.* Genus LOPHOPHORA Moschler. Lophophora Méscuter, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 227. Male.—Palpi thickly scaled; second joint angled back over head. third joint reaching thorax. Antennae pubescent. Legs smooth. Fore wings: Vein 3 well before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; areole small, narrow; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 38 and 4 shortly stalked; 5 from above angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. Type of genus.—Lophophora clanymoides Moschler. Herminia? thaumasalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 109, probably belongs here; the type is a female and bears a resemblance to L. clanymovdes. 1 Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 56, pl. 6, fig. 3. 2 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 441, pl. 36, fig. 2. 3 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 6. 344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. LOPHOPHORA EVAN, new species. Male.—Palpi outwardly, head, collar, and thorax fuscous brown. Abdomen light brown; segmental white lines; a fuscous dorsal patch at base. Fore wings: Base fuscous brown followed by a white shade; medial space light brown, darker shaded at center and on discocellular; a postmedial white shade, outangled at vein 4, followed by a fuscous shade from vein 6 to costa; a dark brown shade at tornus, outer margin otherwise slate grey, interrupted by a whitish shade from angle of postmedial to termen. Hind wings whitish thickly irrorated with dark brownish grey; a darker medial shade and postmedial line, the latter followed by a clear white shade from vein 5 to inner margin; subterminal shade darkest from vein 3 to inner margin. Fore wings below dark grey; a black line on discocellular; some orange scaling above it. Hind wings below white; some brown striae and irrora- tions; costa near base shaded with orange; a fine black line on disco- cellular; medial and postmedial yellowish shades; a subterminal dark brown line. Expanse.—15 mm. Habitat.—St. Jean Maroni River, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19818, U.S.N.M. PAL THISOMIS, mevwi genus: Male.—Antennace pubescent ciliate. Palpi: second joint obliquely ascending, four times the length of head; third joint sharply angled back, long, terminating in long curly hairs. Body slender; legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin produced; vein 3 from lower angle; 4 and 5 near together, slightly above angle; 6 from upper angle; areole long and narrow, 7, 8 and 9, and 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 above lower angle. Type of genus—Herminia baresalis Walker = bleptina peniedlalis Walker. , Genus GIZAMA Walker. Gizama WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 192. Male.—Palpi upeurved to thorax; second joint shortly and densely scaled in front; third joint with long hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate, dilated toward end. Legs moderately hairy. Fore wings narrow; apex acute; outer margin rounded, somewhat oblique; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from end of areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 very shortly stalked. 1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 859. 2 Trans. Ent. Soe. London, ser. 3, vol. 1, 1862, p. 1137. No. 21382, REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAB—SCHAUS. 845 Type of genus.—Gizama midasalis Walker. The genus also contains: Gizama cuculalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 57. GIZAMA BRONSONALIS, new species. Male.—Palpi brown outwardly, luteous inwardly. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings fuscous brown; a lateral spot on collar and fore tarsi yellowish ocher. Fore wings: Costal margin yellowish ocher, tinged with brown on extreme front edge; very faint traces of black antemedial and postmedial lines; terminal space irrorated with lilacine blue seales, ceasing on inner side in a straight line, outwardly leaving a terminal undulating brown line; cilia fuscous gray mottled with ocherous. Abdomen and hind wings fuscous gray; a postme- dial black line; termen tinged with paler gray with the terminal line as on fore wings. Hind wings below grayer, and with brown discal spot on postmedial line, and subterminal shade. Expanse.—37 mm. Habitat.—Poas, Costa Rica. Type.—Cat. No. 19819, U.S.N.M. I think this is the Bocana pagasusalis of the Biologia, not Walker. GIZAMA UNDILINEALIS, new species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax dark velvety brown. Abdomen and hind wings fuscous. Fore wings dark olive brown; costa yellow- ish white to close to apex; lines fine, fuscous, indistinct; antemedial wavily outbent; postmedial lunular, outcurved beyond cell, incurved below it; reniform indistinct, fuscous, inwardly finely edged with ocherous; subterminal distinct, fine, ocherous, outwardly indicated by small dark spots on the otherwise ocherous terminal space; ter- minal triangular dark spots. Hind wings: A pale subterminal line below vein 5, angled to termen at vein 2... Hind wings below grayish, thickly irrorated with brown; a dark discocellular line; a postmedial line. Expanse.—31 mm. Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19820, U.S.N.M. Genus PYRGION Druce. Pyrgion Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 453. Male.—Palpi upeurved, reaching thorax behind; third joint clothed with long hairs. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Fore legs hairy with short process. ore wings long and narrow; costa arched near base; apex acute; outer margin rounded; costa below with ridge of down- turned hairs; vein 3 near lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly apart from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from end of areole; 346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 on short stalk; 5 well above lower angle. Type of genus.—Pyrgion menippusalis of the Biologia, not Walker, = Scopifera repanda Schaus.' The species will stand as Pyrgion repanda Schaus.? Genus POENOMIA Schaus. Poenomia Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 35. Male.—Palpi upeurved, third joint longer than second, upturned, diverging with long tufts from its base on inner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Fore tibiae hairy. Wings narrow. Fore wings: Costal margin with fold at base below; veins 3, 4, 5 close together from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; 7,8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 on short stalk; 5 near lower angle. Type of genus.—Poenomia turpis Schaus. This genus also includes: Poenomaa berthalis (Palthis) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 128. Poenomia maculata Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 35. Poenomia hiempsal Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 36. Poenomia frigidalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 83. Genus REJECTARIA Guenée. Rejectaria GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 85. Narcaea Deuce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 449, pl. 36, figs. 21, 21a, 24. Type, N. villosa Druce. Paromia Scuavus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 23. Type, P. nigripunctata Schaus. Male.—Palpi curved back over head; second joint slender, thickly sealed; third joint with long tufts on inner side, reaching abdomen. Legs smooth; fore tibiae hairy gnd with process. Fore wings: Costa slightly depressed; outer margin obliquely rounded; vein 3 close to lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, and 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 on short stalk; 5 close to lower angle. Type of genus.—Rejectaria cocytalis Guenée. Casperia Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 9, 1868, p.194. Type, C. erebipennis Walker, is in all probability a synonym of Rejectaria Guenée, or it may be an older name for Strathocles Druce. The spe- cies is unknown to me. 1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 208. 2 Figured in Biologia, 1891, pl. 37, figs. 10, 10a, 11. no. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 347 The genus also includes: * Rejectaria cocytalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 86= Bertula talausalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 168. Rejectaria erebalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 86= Hypena moestalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 81. *Rejectaria theclalis (Cyclopteryx) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 91=Physula palindia Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1372; pl. 120, fig. 7. Rejectaria niciasalis (Bertula) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, WaeOr: . Rejectarva pharusalis (Bocana) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 185. Rejectaria rosimonalis (Gizama) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 193. Rejectaria lysandria (Simplicia?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 448, pl. 36, figs. 19, 19a. Rejectaria anysis (Simplicia?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 448, pl. 36, figs. 20, 20a. ?Rejectaria maera (Simplicia?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 448, pl. 36, figs. 22, 22a, 23. Rejectaria villosa (Narcaea) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 449, pl. 36, figs. 21, 21a, 24. Rejectaria magas (Bleptina?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 456, pl. 37, fig. 15. Rejectaria aratus (Bleptina?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 456, pl. 37, fig. 17. Rejectaria lyse (Bocana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 477, pl. 89, figs. 26, 26a. Rejectaria antorides (Bocana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, p. 478, pl. 39, figs. 27, 27a. Rejectaria amicalis (Hypena) Maassen, Stiibel Reise, 1890, p. 153, le 7, to. 19: Rejectaria atrax (Nareaea) Dognin, Le Naturaliste, 1891, p. 126; Lep. Loja, p. 97, pl. 10, figs. 14, 14a=Rejectaria splendida Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 209. Rejectaria chisena (Neoherminia) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 121. Rejeciaria paulosa (Nicetas) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 132. Rejectaria funebris (Strathocles) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 209. Rejectaria modestalis (Neoherminia) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 210. Rejectaria nigripunctata (Paromia) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 23. 348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. Rejectaria arenacea (Drepanopalpia) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. I'l, 1913, p.°19. Rejectaria fulvibrunnea (Neoherminia) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 61. Rejectaria pallescens (Drepanopalpia) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 62. Rejectaria nucina (Drepanopalpia) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 62. Rejectaria lineata (Drepanopalpia) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. SSI mses tay i's Rejectaria vncola Dognin, Het. Amer. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 70. *Rejectaria gallinalis (Blemmatia?t) Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 22. ’Rejectaria carapa (Blemmatia?) Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 34. The following two species, described from females, probably belong here: Bleptina virbiusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 126. Bleptina prunescens Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 240. REJECTARIA PARVIPUNCTALIS, new species. Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings very dark brown. Abdomen and hind wings slightly duller brown. Palpi with white ring on 2d joint, and white tip on 3d joint. Tarsi ringed with white. Wings: Terminal white spots on interspaces. Fore wings: Traces of fuscous antemedial, medial, and postmedial lines, the last followed by a more distinct outer line, wavily dentate, outwardly edged with | dull lilacine; reniform narrow, sinuous, outlined in white; subter- minal line distinct, wavy, white. Hind wings: Traces of a dark postmedial line; a faint white, dentate, subterminal line. Wings below gray brown; dark discal points; postmedial line dentate and heavier on hind wings, outwardly edged with gray; subterminal line thick, white, wavily dentate; an interrupted dark lunular terminal line. Expanse.—44 mm. Habitat—Espiritu Santo, Brazil. Type.—Cat. No. 19821, U.S.N.M. REJECTARIA CUCUTALIS, new species. Male.—Head, collar, and thorax brownish ocher. Abdomen dark gray brown, with pale segmental lines. Fore wings light ocherous brown, crossed by dark brown lines or shades; a basal and a subbasal shade; a fine, geminate, antemedial, vertical line; an inbent medial darker line, geminate from cell to inner margin, followed from below No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 349 reniform by another paler line; orbicular spot small, whitish; reni- form large, whitish, crossed by an incurved dark line, and partly dark edged; postmedial finely wavy, barely outcurved below costa, partly followed by a fine geminate shade; subterminal line ocherous white, outangled above vein 6, where it is preceded by a large tri- angular brown. black spot, with a similar minute spot below it, and a dark brown shade above it to apex. Hind wings brownish gray; a faint darker medial line; a postmedial line, brown spotted near inner margin; subterminal line pale, very darkly edged, from vein 5 to termen at vein 2. Fore wings below dull brownish gray; a disco- cellular point, fine postmedial line, and large fuscous subapical spot. Hind wings below bone color with some darker irrorations; a point in cell, and larger spot on discocellular; medial, postmedial, and subterminal lines, expanding in places. Expanse.—24 mm. Habitat.—Cucuta, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 19822, U.S.N.M. REJECTARIA CRAFTSALIS, new species. Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and wings dark brownish slate color. Abdomen black above, shaded with gray at base. Fore wings: Lines black; antemedial straight, outbent, inwardly edged with dark eray; a narrow, straight, fuscous medial shade, slightly inbent; two small white spots on discocellular; postmedial line outwardly edged with dark gray, vertical on extreme costa, then slightly outcurved and inbent; subterminal line fine, white, interrupted and indistinct; a terminal black line, its inner edge lunular. Hind wings: A faint straight, postmedial black line, outwardly pale edged near inner margin; a fine subterminal dentate white line below vein 5, not reaching inner margin; a terminal black line. Wings below fuscous gray, with whitish irrorations; terminal triangular black spots; a pale subterminal dentate line; a dentate postmedial line, better marked on hind wings; black discocellular spots. Expanse.—25 mm. Habiltat—Corozal, Panama. Type.—Cat. No. 19823, U.S.N.M. Named after the collector, C. P. Crafts. REJECTARIA ZENOS, new species. Male.—Body and wings dull brown. Wings: A subterminal wavy ocher gray line, inwardly shaded with fuscous brown; a straight similar line from costa of fore wing to near anal angle of hind wing. Fore wings: An almost straight antemedial ocher gray line, out- wardly shaded with fuscous brown; a slightly curved whitish line at end of cell. Wings below grayish brown; postmedial and sub- 850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. terminal gray white lines, minutely lunular, and inwardly shaded with fuscous. Expanse.—31 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19824, U.S.N.M. Genus STRATHOCLES Druee. Strathocles Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 451. Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching thorax behind; second joint fringed in front; third joimt with long flocculent curly hairs. Antennae pubescent, ciliate. Legs very hairy; a large process on fore tibiae; hind tibiae and tarsi very heavily fringed. Fore wings: Costa on basal half slightly depressed; vein 2 well beyond middle of cell; 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly apart from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; areole rather small, narrow; 7,8, 9, and 10 from end of areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 well above lower angle. Type of genus.—Strathocles ribbei Druce. The following species are also included: Strathocles imitata Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 452, pl. 37, fig. 9. ? Strathocles punctiuncula Dognin, Het. Amér.Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p.66. ? Strathocles albipulla Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 67. ? Strathocles pulla Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 67. ? Strathocles parvipulla Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 68. I am only acquainted with S. ribbei Druce; the other species may possibly not belong here. Genus DREPANOPALPIA Hampson. Drepanopalpia Hameson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 255. Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching abdomen, fringed in front, also terminally behind; third joint upturned. Antennae pubescent, ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with long process. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 about equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7,8 and 9, 10 from end of areole which is small; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 well above lower angle. Type of genus.—Drepanopalpia polycyma Hampson. Genus NEOHERMINIA Druce. Neoherminia Drucr, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 471. Male.—Palpi upcurved reaching a little above vertex; second joint with large triangular tuft in front; third joint short with short fringe. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with hairy process. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded; vein 3 No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3851 near lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly apart; 6 from upper angle; areole narrow; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from end; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; vein 5 close to lower angle. Type of genus.—Bleptina fadusalis Walker != pyramusalis of Bio- logia, not Walker. The genus also includes: Neoherminia lojanalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p- 60. Neoherminia nigridiscatalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p- 60. Nodaria pachypalpia Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 1901, p. 250, of which I have received a drawing looks very much like N. santiagonis Schaus, but the palpi do not agree. NEOHERMINIA ISENENIAS, new species. Male.—Palpi, head, collar, and thorax in front dull brown; thorax behind and base of abdomen buff; abdomen otherwise thickly irro- rated with dark grayish brown. Fore wings brown to beyond cell, darker shaded on costa; antemedial line fine, fuscous, outangled on subcostal, outset and inbent below cell; reniform space small, whitish, containing a small black spot, preceded by a fuscous brown line; a dark brown shade from reniform to inner margin, straight, and slightly inbent; postmedial fine, dark brown, shaded with white on both sides, inbent on costa, outset at vein 7, very slightly inbent and faintly sinuous; a broad dark brown shade crosses the subterminal at veins 6 and 7 to apex; the subterminal fine, white, outwardly shaded with dark brown; a marginal fuscous line, its inner edge curved on interspaces, outwardly edged with white; cilia fuscous gray, tipped with white spots. Hind wings grayish brown; the postmedial, sub- terminal, and terminal lines as on fore wings. Fore wings below grayish brown, the costal margin paler with outer lines as above. Hind wings below whitish irrorated with brown; a dark discal spot; a fine postmedial line, followed by a broad fuscous brown shade, narrowing toward inner margin, and suffusing toward costa with the fine subterminal line; the terminal line on both wings as above. Expanse.—20 mm. Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19825, U.S.N.M. NEOHERMINIA? SANTIAGONIS, new species. Male.—Palpi ocher brown, fringed in front with fuscous gray. Head brown. Collar brown in front, tinged with fuscous behind. Thorax mottled brown and fuscous. Abdomen ocherous irrorated 1Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 867. S52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. with dark brown. Fore wings mottled light and fuscous brown; a subbasal black streak on costa, and a spot below cell; antemedial line dentate, black; a fuscous medial shade; a white spot at end of cell crossed by a fuscous sinuous line; a fuscous postmedial line, dentate beyond cell, incurved below it; subterminal white points on veins, faintly connected by a whitish line; terminal fuscous lunules on inter- spaces. Hind wings grayish brown; dark terminal lunules; traces of postmedial and subterminal dentate white lines near inner margin. Hind wings below white irrorated with brown; a dark discal spot; a brown postmedial line, and fainter subterminal shade; an interrupted terminal shade. Expanse.—18 mm. Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19826, U.S.N.M. This species differs from typical Neoherminia in haying a crenulate fringe in front on joints 2 and 3 of palpi. Genus HYPENULA Grote. Hypenula Grove, Can. Ent., vol. 8, 1876, p. 27. Male.—Palpi upcurved reaching well above head; second joint fringed in front and behind; third joint less than half the length of second, heavily frmged behind, shortly fringed in front. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Fore tibiae with long narrow sheath. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 apart; 6 near upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle or very shortly stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 very shortly stalked. Type of genus.—Hypenula opacalis Grote, which sinks as a synonym of cacuminalis UTypena) Walker,!= Herminia biferalis Walker.? The following species also belongs in this genus: Hypenula complectalis (Bleptina) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p- 68=Bleptina flesalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 121. HYPENULA DELEONA, new species. Male.—Body and wings dark brown, the abdomen and fore wings usually tinged with purple. Fore wings: Antemedial line wavy, light brown, partly irrorated with white, and outwardly finely edged with black; orbicular an indistinct light brown spot, sometimes a white point; reniform narrow, slightly incurved, light brown with a white point at either end, sometimes filled in with white; postmedial fine, black, lunular dentate, outwardly edged with light brown; very faint traces of a subterminal broken line; terminal black points; cilia fuscous gray. Hind wings dark brown; traces of fuscous medial and termi- 1Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1859, p. 37. 2Idem, vol. 16, 1859, p. 237. No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY, HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 358 nal lines. Wings below brighter brown; a dark postmedial line; hind wings with a fine, somewhat wavy, subterminal white line. The 3d jomt of palpi is rather heavily tufted behind and has a shght fringe in front. The sheath on fore tibiae extends over base of tarsi. Female.—Lighter brown, still paler where crossed by the fine black antemedial and postmedial lines, the former somewhat wavy, the latter lunular dentate; an interrupted terminal black line. Hind wings below thickly irrorated with brown; a dark discocellular line; a brown postmedial line; a pale subterminal line, inwardly dark shaded. Expanse.—Male 28 mim.; female 30 mm. Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19827, U.S.N.M. HYPENULA MIRIAM, new species. Male.—Body and wings fuscous brown, the fore wings slightly tinged with purple. Fore wings: Antemedial and postmedial lines very indistinct, a little darker than ground color, but mottled with whitish on costa; orbicular round, light brown; reniform incurved, light brown, crossed by a fuscous line, and partly finely edged with white; subterminal white points. Hind wings: A faint dark medial line; a few subterminal white points near anal angle. Wings below dull dark brown. Hind wings: A thick dark medial line; a few white irrorations; an interrupted subterminal white line. Palpi shortly fringed in front, the tuft on 3d joint behind level with tip; sheath on fore tibiae long. Wings broad, the outer margin of fore wings oblique. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19828, U.S.N.M. Genus BLEPTINA Guenée. Pleptina GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 66. Opotura WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 191. Anagoa Miscuter, Lep. Jamaica, 1886, p. 62. (Type, A. ophiusioides Méschler.) Male.—Palpi upecurved; second joint densely and smoothly scaled; third joint more than half the length of second, with tuft at end. Antennae pubescent ciliata. Legs smoothly scaled; fore tibiae with process. Fore wings: Vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free; base of costa below fringed. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 near lower angle. Type of genus.—Bleptina confusalis Guenée=Opotura erinusalis, Walker! = Bleptina metopealis Walker? = Bleptina bogesalis, Walker.’ The following species are also in this genus: Bleptina caradrinalis, Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 67 = Bleptina priassalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 123 = Bleptina 1Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16,1858, p. 192. 2Idem, vol. 19, 1859, p. 862. Idem, vol. 19, 1859, p. 870. 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16 23 354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. thisbesalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 127=Bleptina subjecta Moéschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 226. Bleptina hydrillalis, Guenée, Delt. et Pyral, 1854, p. 67 = Bleptina ulricusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 121 =Bleptina philetesalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 127 = Bleptina phanasgalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 861. Bleptina acastusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 122 = nigromaculalis (Anagoa) Méschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 218= placidalis (Anagoa) Moschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 219. Bleptina wpithosalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 123 = Megatomis ferrilinealis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1165. Bleptina pentheusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 128. Bleptina menalcasalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 123=Herminia disjectalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p- 1158 =ophiusioides (Anagoa) Moéschler, Lep. Jamaica, 1886, p. 62 =limitalis (Anagoa) Moschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 218. Bleptina atymnusalis (Bocana) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 247. Bleptina pollesalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 863. Bleptina albidiscalis Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 239. Bleptina olivescens Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 240= Bleptina malia, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1901, p. 455, pl. 37, fig. 12. Bleptina lasaea Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1901, p. 455, pl. 37, fig. 13, female=Bleptina zentium (Epizeuris) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 17. Bleptina aroealis (Nodaria) Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 1901, p. 249: Bleptina diopis (Nodaria) Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 14, 1904, p. 173. Bleptina clara Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 122. Bleptina infausta Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 20. Bleptina obscura Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 20. Bleptina olearos Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 65. Bleptina fasciata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914. p. 64. BLEPTINA BARACOANA, new species. Male.—Palpi ocher brown, the 2nd joint with a dark circle near tip, the 3d joint tinged with dark purple and with two fuscous rings; the tuft on 3d joint well developed. Head and thorax black. Col- lar brown. Abdomen pale ocherous. Fore wings pale roseate brown; the basal fifth fuscous gray limited by a black line, almost no. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 855 vertical; a small orbicular spot; a medial darker shade angled at end of cell, varying in intensity; a brighter brown streak on discocellular, finely edged at extremities with white; a fine, wavy, black postmedial line well beyond cell; a subterminal dentate white line in places broadly edged with fuscous; terminal sagittate black spots; cilia gray with white streaks. Hind wings whitish at base shading to eray terminally. Expanse.—17 mm. Habitat—Baracoa, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19829, U.S.N.M. BLEPTINA CARLONA, new species. Male.—Body and fore wings dull purple. Abdomen: Anal hairs and two basal segments creamy; the third segment brown. Fore wings: An irregular sub-basal black line; a vertical black antemedial line, expanding below cell to near submedian; a similar postmedial line, inbent opposite cell, incurved below it, inwardly broadly shaded with black from cell to inner margin, outwardly edged throughout by a fine creamy ocher shade; a subterminal pale line, inbent opposite cell, parallel with postmedial, followed by a pale ocherous shade to termen from vein 6 to inner margin; small terminal black spots. Hind wings whitish at base shading to brownish gray. Expanse.—19 mm. Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19830, U.S.N.M. BLEPTINA MURICOLOR, new species. Female.—Head, collar, and abdomen ocher gray, the latter with some black irrorations. Fore wings mouse gray with scattered black irrorations; a vague antemedial line terminating in a black point on inner margin; orbicular small, whitish, outlined with reddish brown or black; a fuscous wavy medial shade interrupted by reniform, which is medially constricted, containing pale points; the postmedial very fine and indistinct; the subterminal wavy, indicated by fuscous edging, especially on inner side, broad in type specimen from costa to vein 6, sometimes very broad to inner margin, or reduced to a smali spot at vein 6. Two females have the whole of the wing except the termen suffused with fuscous. Hind wings light brown, darker tinged on termen, with traces of a fine postmedial line, and a better defined angled marginal line at anal angle. Hind wings below white irrorated with brown; faint traces of lines; a dark spot on disco- cellular. Expanse.—25 mm. Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19831, U.S.N.M. 356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. BLEPTINA VULTURA, new species. Male.—Body and wings dull brownish gray. Fore wings narrow, the apex acute; lines very fine, black; antemedial wavily outbent to middle of inner margin; the postmedial minutely wavy and evenly outcurved; orbicular absent; an oblique yellowish line on discocellu- lar. Hind wings below paler; a discal point and fine dentate post- medial line. The palpi are acute and smooth with only a small tuft on 3rd joint behind; the fore legs have only a small tuft of hairs at base of tarsi below. Expanse.—28 mm. Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. Type.—Cat. No. 19832, U.S.N.M. BLEPTINA PUDESTA, new species. Male—Body and wings grayish brown. Abdomen and fore wings darkly irrorated. Fore wings: Lines fine, black, indistinct; the post- medial lunular dentate; orbicular round, orange brown, finely darkly edged; reniform similar, slightly incurved with a white point at either end. Hind wings below whitish irrorated with brown; a dark discal point, and fine postmedial line; subterminal fine, whitish, not distinct. The sheath on fore legs is extended over base of tarsi, the 3d joint of palpi is not so heavily fringed as in B. deleona Schaus., to which it bears a strong resemblance, and B. pudesta is grayer and smaller. Expanse.—23 mm. Habitat Baracoa, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19833, U.S.N.M. BLEPTINA ATHUSALIS, new species. Male.—Body and wings dull whitish yellow with scattered black irrorations. Fore wings: Minute antemedial spots on costa, median, and submedian veins; orbicular and reniform slightly darker than ground color; a fine dark-brown postmedial, punctiform line, slightly outcurved; a dark subterminal shade with a small fuscous spot between veins 6 and 7; terminal black points on interspaces. Hind wings: The costal half suffused with gray; a punctiform post- medial line; a diffuse darker subterminal shade. Wings below whitish, fore wings suffused with brown except on inner margin and termen, and with a fuscous subterminal shade; hind wings with some dark irrorations, a discal point, a punctiform postmedial line, and broad subterminal shade. The palpi have the 2d joint heavily fringed in front, the 3d only shortly so, but with well-developed tuft behind. Fore tibiae with long sheath. Fore wings narrow, the apex acute. Expanse.—29 mm. Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. Type.—Cat. No. 19834, U.S.N.M. No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 357 BLEPTINA DEJECTA, new species. Male.—Palpi dark brown irrorated with gray. Body and wings bistre; head and collar darker shaded. Wings irrorated with brown; terminal black points; a wavy subterminal pale line, defined by darker shadings. Fore wings: A fine dark brown antemedial line, inset in cell, outcurved from median to submedian; an orbicular white point edged with brown; a narrow brown medial shade; a white spot edged with brown on discocellular behind, and a similar point above it; postmedial fine, fuscous brown, outbent on sub- costal, finely lunular, slightly incurved below vein 4. Hind wings: A black discal point; a fuscous brown medial shade; a finely lunular postmedial line. Fore wings below grayish, the termen paler; a black discal point; a fuscous postmedial line and paler subterminal line. Hind wings below whitish gray irrorated with brown; a brown line on discocellular; a dark postmedial line; terminal black points. Expanse.—30 mm. Habitat St. Laurent, French Guiana. Type.—Cat. No. 19835, U.S.N.M. A specimen in the Dognin collection from Salvador. BLEPTINA LATONA, new species. Female.—FPalpi whitish mottled with dark brown. Head and col- lar brown gray mottled with dark brown. Thorax and abdomen ‘buff brown, the latter thickly irrorated with dark brown, except at base. Wings light brown, thinly darker irrorated; terminal fuscous brown points. Fore wings: Fuscous spots at base of costa and cell; antemedial line fine, broken, inset in cell, fuscous brown; abrown orbicular poimt; a thick medial line, suffusing with a large fuscous brown reniform space, which is incurved on outer edge, with some white scales in upper and lower angle, the inner edge crossed by a fine white line; postmedial line macular, incurved, geminate below vein 3; subterminal line paler brown, inwardly shaded with fuscous brown, especially on costa. Hind wings: 27. Bomolocha chaka Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 74. Bomolocha dodra Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 77. Bomolocha columbiata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 78. Bomolocha popayana Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 78. Bomolocha transversalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p.78. Bomolocha penumbralis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p.79. The following species which are unknown to me probably come under Bomolocha: Hypena vittula Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 1901, p. 438. Hypena leucoptera Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 1901, p. 439. Hypena lyse Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 1901, p. 439. Hypena melaleuca Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 1901, p- 439. Hypena umbriferalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 76. - Hypena uruguayalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 79. Hypena pictalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 80. Hypena bolivianalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 81. Hypena pigralis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 81. Hypena effectais Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 82. Hypena uniformalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 82. Hypena franciscalis Maassen, in Stiibel, Reisen in Sud-Amerika, 1890, p. 152, pl. 7, fig. 20. Bomolocha valkeralis, new name for Hypena securalis Walker (not Guenée), Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 44. ee Re i i a eet GK ae Pacem No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 889 BOMOLOCHA MORELOSALIS, new species. Male.—Body and wings brown. Fore wings tinged with purplish crossed by fine indistinct fuscous lines, and with some scattered black brown irrorations; traces of a fine reddish brown, geminate ante- medial line; a black and white point as orbicular; a narrow dark shade, crossing discocellular where it encloses a white point and is outwardly Lmited by the postmedial line, which is fine, reddish brown, incurved from costa to vein 5, and again from vein 5 to inner margin; subterminal black spots; a fine reddish, angular, terminal line. Hind wings below ocher brown crossed by numerous dark strize; a dark point on discocellular. Expanse.—27 mm. Habitat.—Morelos, Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19871, U.S.N.M. Genus ANEPISCHETOS Smith. Anepischetos Smrru, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900, p. 482. Male.—Palpi three times the length of head, porrect; second joint fringed above and below. Abdomen with only a flat dorsal tuft at base. Antennae ciliated. Neuration as in other Hypeninae. Type of genus.—Anepischetos bipartita Smith 1 =lividalis Hiibner ? = abjuralis Walker *= Hypena scissalis Walker.‘ The species will stand as Anepischetos luwidalis Hibner. The following species described under Hypena belong to this genus: Anepischetos porrectalis Fabricius, according to Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 37=obditalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 48=, 191) G27=cslyil Gldes13)) |eaeecse (409-112) S. plagusia, JaMaica...... Ji... essseecee 4 19 32 13 - 023 92 (. 30-. 33) | (,125-, 13) |.....-.. (90-95) Selongatus,, Panama: ::.. 5s. cce0s~s05s0 1 .19 . 24 -145 015 104 S. atricauda, Lower California. ........-- 2 ak . 29 15 03 97 WAILCE DED ADIAING 2 0) oPoicia ists o erciefata'nrw aie wince a= 2 25 + 26 18 +03 98 (97-100) SajasciolarTus; Pacific: 00.2.0. accce sees 1 20 30 12 03 S. atrimentatus, Gulf of California......-- 1 . 20 . 30 ~ 135 . 03 94 S. williamsi, southern California. .......- a sal 29 14 03 98 1 Proc, U, 8, Nat. Mus., vol. 31, 1906, p. 108, 416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOu. 50. Table of counts and measurements, etc.—Continued. Num- Seales in | Scales in ber of era longitu- | transverse | Caudal] Length of speci- Tens dinal se- series. rays. dorsal mens. ries. rays. MS OBTO ls miaaciem gaits Sears cer ee eee aeion 12 94 108 50 10 0. 55 (91-96) | (100-114) (Gia5l)ie eee (. 05-. 06) See DUAGUSIC. JAMAICA. Jnana eee einine 4 W9 95 45 12 - 065 (77-83) (93-95) (44-45) |. 2.2.22. (. 06-. 07) DS. CLONGUTUS, Panama... 2 meses nine a 1 86 98 43 12 - 06 S. atricauda, lower California.......----- 2 79 95 47 12 07 Op leed, Panama. . Js nese sisters see see se 2 82 84 37 12 -09 (81-84) Ssfasciolarus, Paciher. 5.) seeneceee cinel$ 1 77 95 (2?) 12 (?) S. atrimentatus, Gulf of California. ...-... 1 80 95 42 12 - 09 S. williamsi, southern California. .......- | 1 81 110 50 12 - 09 The above table will serve to distinguish the species to some extent, but some additional characters, taken from specimens in the Stanford University collections, are given below, in order to more closely define the various species: i. SYMPHURUS LEEI Jordan and Bollman. Albatross station 2804, Panama (type). Teeth on the eyed side of both jaws, in a single row anteriorly, extending more posteriorly m the lower jaw; those on the blind side of both jaws in a broad band; gill rakers well developed, 6 or 7, short, soft, and thick; a series of short transparent cilia on the lower edge of the gill opening on the blind side; a short triangular lappet of the black coat of the eye pro- jecting from the interorbital side into the corneal space; lower jaw wide, nearly as wide as length of snout. 2. SYMPHURUS ELONGATUS (Giinther). | Panama. Teeth as in S. leei; gill rakers somewhat smaller, but present; no modification of the cornea. 3. SYMPHURUS ATRICAUDUS (Jordan and Gilbert). Lower California, Albatross station 2830. Teeth as in S. leei; gill rakers small; a very large flap of tissue running down to center of pupil, black with narrow white edges. No cirri on edge of gill open- ings. 4. SYMPHURUS PLAGUSIA (Bloch and Schneider) Jordan and Goss. Jamaica. On eyed side teeth are absent in lower jaw; present in small numbers (4 or 5 anteriorly) in the upper; broad bands on the blind side; no cirri on edge of gill opening; gill rakers absent; no corneal modification. 5. SYMPHURUS FASCIOLARIS Gilbert. Type.—Albatross station 3022-3027, Pacific. Teeth as in S. plagusia; no corneal modification; no cirri on edge of gill opening; gill rakers unknown. 6. SYMPHURUS ATRIMENTATUS Jordan and Bollman. Albatross station 3011, Gulf of California. Teeth in both jaws on eyed side; corneal flap well developed, as in S. atricaudus; gill rakers distinct; no cirri on edge of gill opening. no. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. Anle( 7. SYMPHURUS WILLIAMSI Jordan and Culver. Albatross station 2926, Southern California. Teeth in both jaws on eyed side; corneal flap well developed; gill rakers comparatively large; no cilia on opercle of blind side; lower jaw not unusually wide. The remarkable corneal modification mentioned above is present in S. leei, atricaudus, williamsi, and atrimentatus, but not as markedly so in the first mentioned. Similar formations are present in other genera of the Pleuronectidae, Triglidae, many of the sharks, and a great many bottom dwellers. What its significance may be is problematical. but it is apparently present or absent in closely related species and bears no obvious relation to other characteristics, even the depth inhabited. The presence of teeth on the eyed side of the lower jaw seems correlated with a greater development of the gill rakers, but this is not striking enough to warrant a generic or subgeneric division. 22, PLATEA INSIGNIS Steindachner. A single specimen 14 cm. long from station 2764. This is a much smaller specimen than Steindachner’s type, yet it corresponds closely to the description given by him.’ The ventrals are, however, con- tained but thrice in the head, the gape of the mouth reaches only to the center of the eye, and the dorsal and anal fin counts are 110 and 100, respectively. 23. MERLUCCIUS GAYI Guichenot. Numerous specimens from stations 2766, 2769, and 2771, between Rio de la Plata and Cape Virgins. This little-known species differs from the European hake, Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus) in the longer pectoral, 5 in length without caudal, the more numerous gill rakers (3+12, instead of 3+7), and the weaker teeth. From M. productus (Ayres) of the California coast it seems to differ in the longer ventrals, which are nearly as long as the pectorals, the fewer scales, and the stronger dentition. 24. PERCOPHIS BRAZILIENSIS Quoy and Gaimard. A number of specimens from Albatross stations 2764, 2765, and 2766, off Cape San Antonio, just to the south of the Rio de la Plata. The largest is 278 mm in total length, the smallest 40. There is remarkably little variation among them, even with age. They corre- spond well with the brief type description of Quoy and Gaimard and that of Jenyns (Voyage of the Beagle). D. IX, 31 or 32; A. 40 or 41; scales in lateral line 112 to 114, in transverse series between insertions of anal and of first dorsal 9 or 10/19 to 22; number of vertical series between end of maxillary and preopercular margin 24; between preopercular and opercular margins 16; head 33 in length to base of caudal; depth 12?; eye 52 in head; 1 Fauna Chilensis, p. 323, pl. 20, figs. 12-12B. 10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——27 418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. maxillary 22; mandible 2; interorbital space 10; height of first dorsal 21; of second 22; length of pectoral 1,3, nm head; of ventral 24. Anterior nostril with a short posteriorly directed tube, the posterior opening large and oval; maxillary terminating under center of eye, edged with minute conical teeth; premaxillaries with five enlarged posteriorly directed canines and broad bands of minute teeth; canines frequently lost, the third on each side in all specimens at hand loosely and flexibly attached. Dorsals varying in height, the first being from 24 to 23 in head; the second elevated anteriorly, the first ray longest, nearly equal to length of second ray of first dorsal, sixth ray being two-thirds length of first and but slightly longer than twenty-eighth; membranes of shorter rays incised nearly to base. Jaws sparsely scaled along edges, the scales on cheeks much smaller than shown in illustration of type.t Color of adults in aleohol brown above and silvery below; scales above each marked by a small basal spot of darker color; a diffuse faintly dusky spot as large as eye on opercle; upper pectoral rays strongly pigmented, as is membrane of first dorsal; second dorsal with alternate light and dark on rays, forming longitudinal bars on fin. Young of 160 mm. total length with 10 or 11 transverse whitish bars, each four scales wide, extending from mid-dorsal line to lateral line. In very young, 40 mm., these are much more numerous, tending to fuse, and the fins are colorless. Il. WEST COAST, SOUTH OF 46° 45’ SOUTH LATITUDE, INCLUDING THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN. List of species other than those of the genus Notothenia: MYXINIDAE. 1. Myzine australis Jenyns. Port Churruca, Borja Bay, and Sandy Point. SCYLLIORHINIDAE. 2. Catulus canescens (Giinther). Stations 2780, 2783, and 2784. SQUALIDAE. 3. Squalus fernandinus Molina. Gregory Bay. 4, Etmopterus granulosus (Giinther). Station 2781. RAJIDAE. 5. Raja magellanica Steindachner. Station 2774. 6. Psammobatis rudis Giinther. Station 2778. GALAXIIDAE. . . Galaxias ntaculatus (Jenyns). Mayne Harbor. 8. Galaxias attenuatus (Jenyns Port Otway. 1 Voyage @’ Uranie, p. 351, pl. 53. no. 21338. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 419 HAPLOCHITONIDAE. 9. Haplochiton zebra Jenyns. Mayne Harbor, Latitude Cove, and Port Otway. 10. Haplochiton taeniatus Jenyns. Island Harbor. SYNGNATHIDAE. 11. Syngnathus blainvillianuws Eydoux and Gervais. Mayne Harbor and Port Otway. ATHERINIDAE. 12. Menidiaalburnus (Giinther). Laredo Bay, Gregory Bay, and Sandy Point. BOVICHTHYIDAE, 13. Pseudaphritis gobio (Gitinther). Borja Bay and Otter Bay. NOTOTHENTIDAE. 14. Harpagifer bispinis (Forster). Sandy Point, Laredo Bay, and station 2775. 15. Eleginops maclovina (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Sandy Point. (See genus Notothenia.) RUVETTIDAE. 16. Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen). Port Otway. PLEURONECTIDAE. 17. Hippoglossina macrops Steindachner. Station 2787. GOBIESOCIDAE. 18. Gobiesox marmoratus Jenyns. Port Otway. GADIDAE. 19. Salilota australis (Giinther). Sandy Point and Otter Bay. 20. Lotella marginata Giinther. Station 2783. MACROURIDAE. 21. Coelorhynchus fasciatus Giinther. Stations 2783, and 2784. (See Section III, after No. 21.) 22. Coelorhynchus patagoniae Gilbert and Thompson, new species. Station 2784. (See Section III, after No. 22.) 1. MYXINE AUSTRALIS Jenyns. Muaernoblenna olivacea LactrkpeE, Poissons, vol. 5, 1803, p. 652. Myzxine australis JeNyNs, Voy. Beagle, 1842, p. 159. Three specimens, from Port Churruca, Borja Bay, and Sandy Point. The depth is contained nineteen times in the total length; there are 97 pores between the head and anus (32 to the pectoral), and 12 from the anus to the tip of the caudal; the dorsal fold is continued nearly halfway toward the head. The first two teeth of the upper series are confluent, and there are 11 in all in that series. 420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. 2. CATULUS CANESCENS (Giinther). Two specimens, from Albatross stations 2783 and 2784, in 122 and 194 fathoms, respectively, the first between Hanover Island and the mainland, the second between Wellington Island and the mainland. The largest is 46 cm. in total length. The teeth each have a large cusp and four smaller ones, contrasting with the tricuspid teeth of C. stellaris, the generic type. Four el specimens are from station 2780, in the western en- trance of the Straits of Magellan, in 369 fathoms. 3. SQUALUS FERNANDINUS Molina. Three male specimens from Gregory Bay, Straits of Megellan, are but slightly different from a specimen of Squalus sucklia from San Diego. The former are 63 to 68 cm. in total length, the latter is a female, 69 cm. Regan, in Sharks of the Family Squalidae,} gives the main difference as the extension of the pectoral fin, when laid back, to the middle of the first dorsal in S. fernandinus. 'This difference, however, does not hold well, for our largest specimen of S. fernandinus agrees in this with our specimen of S. suckliz, although the pectoral, nevertheless, uniformly is very slightly shorter in S. fernandinus. ‘This species has also very indistinct white body spots that are lacking in our adult specimen of S. sucklizi, and a generally lighter color, with somewhat shorter caudal. In the following table the measurements are given in hundredths of the total length. The method of preservation of the specimens was apparently not the same, which should be considered: : Squalus Squalus fernandinus. SCREL Tseng thin: COntiMetersssc > suc nce ce ccivcinie'= 2 hee te cece naee rs eee 63 67 68 69 Mengthofisccoudidorsal’. 530055: se ces sone nse cena omcece toes 0.055 0.05 0.055 0. te Wength of pectoral 2h 2.2.2 ces cons sano cee eee Sonate meereeees .14 .14 .13 Weneth of wpper:caudalle lobe rake meee rise eee ori eereniet- = cise . 195 .19 185 "213 4. ETMOPTERUS GRANULOSUS (Giinther). A small specimen 11 cm. in length, from Albatross station 2781, in 348 fathoms. It is very much smaller than that described by Giinther and shows the following differences: Distance from tip of snout to front of upper jaw equaling width of mouth; length of eye as great as distance measured obliquely from the center of the square snout to the anterior edge of the eye; spine of first dorsal two-thirds the length of that of the second; ‘‘granules’’ present as distinct and strong spinules, arranged in a band passing from each angle of the snout back along the upper portion of the flanks below the first dorsal, four or five series wide, another commencing in an indefinite 1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 2, July, 1908. NO. 2138. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 421 way below the second dorsal and extending along the sides of the tail; belly with smaller, blunter spinules in a band from the chin to the ventrals, widening behind; teeth tricuspid. 5. RAJA MAGELLANICA Sieindachner. One specimen from station 2774, in 17 fathoms, near the eastern entrance of the Straits of Magellan. The measurements do not exactly correspond to those given by Steindachner, but the color and spimation are so similar as to leave but little doubt of the correctness of this identification. The interorbital space is one and one-fifth times the longitudinal diameter of the orbit. 6. PSAMMOBATIS RUDIS Giinther. One young specimen from station 2778, in 61 fathoms, near the Second Narrows in the Straits of Magellan. 7. GALAXIAS MACULATUS (Jenyns). Nine specimens from Mayne Harbor, Patagonia, the measurements of which are given under Galazias attenuaius. They are all strongly colored and differ much in this respect from (. alpinus. Two speci- mens from the same locality differ in having a much longer head and maxillary, the larger having the head 0.29 and the maxillary 0.11 of body length, the smaller having the same 0.28 and 0.10, respectively. These may be contrasted with the measurements given for G. maculatus (under G. attenuatus). The pectorals and ventrals are as long as the longest of those of the other specimens, but no other striking differences may be seen. The color is in larger, less broken spots, but presents no greater variation from the others than is found within the range of the latter. Without more speci- mens they can not be regarded as a distinct species. 8 GALAXIAS ATTENUATUS (Jenyns). Very numerous specimens from Port Otway, Patagonia. The variation among them is very large and certain of them are inter- mediate in some respects between this species and G. maculatus. One of the principal differences is the length of the head, which is much greater in the latter. In the following table the differences are shown by giving the number of individuals having each head length, this being measured in hundredths of total length to base of caudal: Head length............ | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 G. atienuatus . ..cececes GQ MALULGTUS. 3. cic wce ccs 422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. The comparison of maxillary length is as follows: Length of maxillary...........- 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.055 | 0.06 | 0.065 | 0.07 | 0.075 | 0.08 | 0.085 | 0.09 GROenuUatus cosets ence 3 25 8 a | a ee eet crete S| eee ce eee ta eS ae ae | GAmMnaculatUs 52 See ieceee ness eee oe le aeneee tise aoe pewecer |easieees 3 0 4 0 2 The range of other measurements are here appended for compar- ison with other species. Distance snout to ventrals.................---- 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 | 0.56 Gea enUAtus cae cece eo oeeeetecee desc eee 7 16 6 5 2 il eicjeetacts| See oe es | eee GC. MaACUlatuUs -.6 cos Saco sacs eRe ane Hee Se cle el oe wleiate ore oeetele | isieioslerete 3 1 3 1 1 Wength of pectoral. cec-ee -cas-2 seen c 0.08 |} 0.09 0.10 | O:1E | O12 |) O48) )10.14.-)90.15" s0H6 GRO ENUMLUS 2 aarosic een anda eae eis at 2 6 16 - 11 Qe Sc cals cece ee] ese eetae eee GINO CULALUS as ae eels aaa at nsioistac | aise eieteis | ses ae eeteretsiee |i aaa 2 1 2 0 i ength ofventralSac ee saaoe braces sisicetisisiciats J eeldeiseineaeies 0.08 | 0.09 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.13 GER ETUOLUS EES Mle e nyt nce eanis De eee aiaies ele tsietlajala aie islaiieie eisteiels 14 23 D) ls, ocararatStl fe ofora’arte |e etettere GEIMACULILUS Boren oa ee ieee re eae aie oe devin oleate Semtemine nisi oatsrae ate | wielaleteete 3 3 2 1 Despite the distinctness of the two species, the most sharply defining difference is that of color, for all the above measurements are found to overlap on the examination of larger series. Taking the extremes of a hundred specimens of (7. attenuatus, the longest head lengths are found to exceed the shortest head lengths of G. maculatus. The latter, however, has a more regular and more clearly defined color pattern, with larger spots, so that, with the exception of a few inter- mediate individuals, the two may be easily distinguished. Regan 1 used the position of the ventrals to differentiate these forms. (See third table above.) It is apparent that these plainly distinct species are yet not distinctly separated by any one character. The other species of the genus have not been examined, but it is evident that caution is necessary in dealing with them, in view of the wide variation. 9, HAPLOCHITON ZEBRA Jenyns. Numerous specimens from Mayne Harbor, Latitude Cove, and Port Otway, Patagonia. 10. HAPLOCHITON TAENIATUS Jenyns. A single large specimen of this species from Island Harbor, Pata- gonia, 180 mm. in total length, presents the following differences from Haplochiton zebra: Depth less, 64 in body length to base of caudal; eye very much smaller, 6} in head; depth of caudal peduncle 1 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1905, vol. 2, April 5, 1906. i NO. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 493 44 in head (3 to 34 in H. zebra); maxillary longer, extending to below posterior third of eye, 24 in head; pectorals and ventrals very short, 24 in head, and vertical fins low. The head is long and conical, with a sharper snout, the depth at the occiput equal to its width and less than the postorbital length of head (greater in H. zebra). The teeth are longer and more prominent. Haplochiton zebra has the physiog- nomy of a trout (Salmo), while H. taeniatus has much the trim look of a slender Atherinoid or Scombroid fish, which may argue a difference in habit. The silvery stripe mentioned by Jenyns is very evident, but there is little else which conclusively proves our adult to be the same as his very young form save the lesser depth. The fin counts are the same. 11. SYNGNATHUS BLAINVILLIANUS Eydoux and Gervais. A single well-preserved example from Mayne Harbor, and another in bad condition from Port Otway, Patagonia. Body rings 19; tail 50; dorsal rays 34; anal 3; caudal 10; pec- toral 13; body with many very small dark rings surrounding minute specks of brown lighter than body color, these not on dorsal or ventral edge of body, not on head, tail, or fins. 12, MENIDIA ALBURNUS (Giinther). Numerous specimens of this little-known form from the Straits of Magellan, at Laredo Bay, Gregory Bay, and Sandy Point. Head, 44 (0.21) in length to base of caudal; depth, 54 to 64 (0.15 to 0.18); eye, 5 in head (0.035 to 0.045 in body); snout, 3 in head; interorbital space, 34; length of pectoral, 14 in head; of ventral, 24; distance from snout to insertion of first dorsal less than half body length without caudal; distance between dorsal insertions shghtly less than length of head; dorsal rays VIJ-I, 12 or 13; anal rays I, 16 or 17; scales in longitudinal series, 98 to 105; in transverse series between dorsal insertions, 21 or 22; gill rakers, 4+ 15. Premaxillaries protractile, lower jaw very slightly shorter than upper; no teeth on vomer or palatines; first dorsal inserted over ventral base; second dorsal base terminating anteriorly to that of anal; scales with four or five basal radii, pectinate on their free edges; the circuli not angled at basal corners of scale; shape of scale oval. Lateral band bright, covering four series of scales. In this species the most anterior two or three scales of the dorsal surface of the head are imbricated in the reverse direction from the usual one, and those on the posterior and central parts are imbri- cated over those lying laterally to them, the transitional area or “nucleus” lying directly between the eyes. 13, PSEUDAPHRITIS GOBIO (Giinther). Three specimens from Borja Bay and one from Otter Bay, the longest 360 mm. in total length. They differ greatly from the 424 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. specimen figured by Giinther,! in having the fins much lower and the eye tentacle very small. Other smaller differences may be seen from the following data, but it is apparent that these are not specific in character. Head, 24 to 24 in length to base of caudal; depth, 44 to 44; eye, 5 or 6 in head; maxillary, 2,1, to 24; snout 34 to 33; interorbital space, 14 to 16 in head; dorsal rays VII, 22 or 23; anal, 20 or 21; scales in lateral line, 64 to 66; spinous dorsal when supine barely extending beyond first ray; longest spine and longest rays subequal, about equaling length of snout in longest specimens; maxillary reaching to or slightly beyond posterior border of eye; color light, with irregular darker saddles below last spines of dorsal, below sixth, seventh, and eighth rays, and below last nine rays; fins irregularly spotted, ten- tacles above eyes tipped with black. 14. HARPAGIFER BISPINIS (Forster). Numerous specimens of this well-known form from Sandy Point, Laredo Bay, and Albatross station 2775, between Cape Virgins and First Narrows of the Straits of Magellan. The coloration of the second dorsal varies widely, but all intergradations are present between fins uniformly dark and those with narrow dark bands. In the young (30 mm.) the transverse bands are almost absent. In the adults the dorsal surface of the head is occasionally thickly papillate or roughened. 15. ELEGINOPS MACLOVINA (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan. 16. THYRSITES ATUN (Euphrasen). Numerous spetimens from Port Otway, Patagonia. There are sometimes 6, sometimes 7 finlets in the dorsal and anal. 17. HIPPOGLOSSINA MACROPS Steindachner. One specimen 180 mm. in total length from station 2787, near Taitao Peninsula, Chile, in 61 fathoms. This corresponds remark- ably well with Steindachner’s description, excepting in the fact that only the last four or five rays in the dorsal and anal are divided. The original description states that 14 or 15 are thus distinguished. The scales on the blind side are ctenoid as far forward as the tip of the pectoral and not only in the posterior third of the body, as stated. Steindachner states that the eyes are on the left side as they are in ours, but his plate of the species shows them on the right. The spots on the bedy are occelated indistinctly. No differences are evident between this specimen and one from Valparaiso, Chile, collected by Admiral Beardslee, even in the above 1 Plate 9, Challenger Shore Fishes. * no. 21338. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 425 characters. No other specimens are known as far as can be ascer- tained. Dorsal rays, 65; anal, 54; scales, 78 in lateral line, 26 in oblique series above lateral line at deepest part of body, 32 below; head, 0.31 of body length to base of caudal; depth, 0.39; eye (longitudinal diameter of the upper), 0.09; snout (from lower eye), 0.06; maxillary length, 0.13; pectoral length on eyed side, 0.17, on blind, 0.11; depth of caudal peduncle, 0.095; gill rakers, 4+ 11. The presence of this species has now been recorded in Smyth Channel by Lénnberg! in corroboration of Giinther’s record. 18, GOBIESOK MARMORATUS Jenyns. Three specimens from Port Otway, Patagonia. 19, SALILOTA AUSTRALIS (Giinther). Haloporphyrus australis GUNTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol 11, 1878, p. 19. One specimen 20 cm. long from Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan. D. 9,56; A. 57; depth, 44 in total length; maxillary ending under posterior third cf eye. Also six specimens from Otter Bay, Smyth Channel. These show the number of rays in the first dorsal either 10 or 11, as given by Smitt.2 An unscaled circular pit is present between the ventral bases. 20. LOTELLA MARGINATA Giinther. Two small specimens from Aldatross station 2783, in 122 fathoms, between Hanover Island and the mainland. Dorsal rays, 8, 60; anal, 59. Genus NOTOTHENIA Richardson. Notothenia RicHarpson, Voyage of H. M. 8. Hrebus and Terror, Ichthyology, 1846, p. 5 (type, N. coriiceps Richardson).—Bou.LENGER, Southern Cross, 1902, p. 182. This is one of the largest and the most characteristic of the genera inhabiting the waters near Cape Horn. The identification of the species has been very difficult because of the lack of careful de- scriptions and because of the application of varying conceptions of species. The genus is here limited as by Boulenger,’ and a thorough revision is undertaken of those species found in the waters of the Falkland Islands and along the coasts of the South American con- tinent. After the revision was completed the monograph by Regan‘ came to hand. The conclusion there reached for the majority of the species is the same that had been tentatively reached by the author from an inspection of the literature, namely, that the species 1 Magalhaenische Sammelreise, 1907, p. 14. 2 Poiss. Expéd. Scient. Terre Feu., Bih. K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 24, Afd. 55, No. 5, 1898, p. 37. 3 Southern Cross, p. 182. 4Scottish Antarctic Expedition. e 426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. of this genus found in the region under discussion are peculiar to it and very different from even those of South Georgia. Two species are credited by Regan, however, with a circumpolar distribution, but this view has not been accepted in this paper. (See under NV. cornu- cola and N. macrocephala.) The present collection is probably the largest and most abundant in individuals of any which has been made so far, and the oppor- tunity was seized to delimit the species as carefully as possible. The results may be seen in part in the following table showing the species recognized here as compared with those considered valid by previous writers. Seven were given by Dollo, 10 by Regan, and 15 are here listed in the present paper as peculiar to the region. Dollo, 1904.1 Regan, 1913.7 Present identification. Notothenia tessellata = tessellata = tessellata Richardson. Notothenia sima = sima = sima Richardson. Notothenia corviceps = cornucola = cornucola Richardson. Notothenia cyaneobrancha = brevicauda = longicauda, new species. Notothenia elegans = elegans = elegans Giinther. Notothenia longipes = longipes = longipes Steindachner. Notothenia acuta = (tessellata) = (tessellata). Notothenia macrocephala = macrocephala = macrocephala Gunther. trigramma = trigramma Regan. canina = canina Smitt. ramsayt = ramsayi Regan. wiltont = (longipes Steindachner). brevicauda Lénnberg. gilbertt, new species. latifrons, new species. squamiceps Peters. jordant, new species. The monograph of the Nototheniformes by Regan * constitutes a marked advance on what was previously known concerning the genus Notothenia, but the identification of species without material for comparison is left very difficult, and the recognition of new species still more so. The present collection has been worked over with a view to presenting a clear definition of the species, the range of variation of each character, and the correct determination of the synonymy, including as far as possible locality records. It is to be regretted that certain species, which are not included in the present collection, still rest on descriptions which are entirely inadequate and in some cases so similarly constructed as to render the species relationship doubtful. For the literature and bibliography the paper 1 Dollo, Voyage du S. Y. Belgica (1897-1899) Zoologie, Anvers, 1904, p.79 (Summary of Literature). 2 Regan, The Antarctic Fishes of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. 49, pt. 2 (No. 2), 1913, p. 264, plates. 8Idem. No. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. A907 by Dollo! may be consulted, and also the synonymy given here for each of the species treated. For each species a typical example has been selected and used as the type of the description to avoid confusion from the possible inclusion of more than one species under the one name. The range of variation found for as many specimens as possible is then in- cluded in parentheses after each character. No one set of characters is relied on as diagnostic. The scaling of the head is variable in some species and constant in others, but the size of the scales on the head is usually a good character. For the average of the counts and measurements of the species examined the table following the key may be consulted, but for the extremes the individual descriptions must be examined. The South American forms may be loosely divided into two groups, typified (1) by Notothenia macrocephala and N. latifrons, and (2) by Notothenia longipes with the remaining species. N. squamiceps is most nearly allied to the first, but differs in its deep body and scaled interorbital region. The first group is characterized by the broad naked interorbital space, lateral eyes, compressed bodies, and few anal rays. They seem to be of uniform coloration and perhaps are not strictly littoral, as most of the other species seem to be. The second group has a more cottoid appearance, a slightly compressed body, narrow interorbital space, and usually a variegated color pat- tern. Among this group J. gilbertt is remarkable for its very short snout, and N. elegans for its greatly elongated, slender body and extremely narrow interorbital. The measurements made in this review are in hundredths of the body length to the base of the caudal fin and were computed by means of the United States Bureau of Fisheries scale for proportional measurements. The scales were counted in series along the lateral line, not in the line itself, from the angle of the opercle to the last of the muscular part of the tail, and the transverse counts were made from the anal insertion obliquely upward and forward. The count spoken of as from the occiput to the dorsal was made from the posterior line of the head to the first dorsal spine. The specimens were each labeled with a number (such as 01-12 or 01-11, etc.) to prevent confusion while being examined. These have been left attached and the numbers are given wherever detailed measurements are presented, in order that investigators subsequently dealing with the same material may identify them. Some of the specimens are placed in the collections of Stanford University, and the types, with the remainder of the species, have been sent to the United States National Museum. 1 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb., vol. 49, 1913, p. 269. 428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NOTOTHENIA OF THE WATERS OF SOUTH AMERICA, INCLUDING THE FALKLANDS. a!, Snout very short, measured to the edge of the eye about 5 in head; maxillary 3% to 4 in head; interorbital width 4% to 5 in head; dorsal VI, 32; anal 30; scales 70 to 73; pectoral about 14 in head; caudal peduncle depth 3 to 3? in same; gill rakers 9+12; scales between occiput and dorsal insertion 15. N. gilberti, 1. a?, Snout longer, contained 3 or 4 times in head. b!. Head scaleless above or nearly so. c!, Width of interorbital space more than three-tenths that of the head; anal base 24 to 24 in body; anal 24 or 25; scales 55 to 75; scales transverse 26; length of ventral 13 to 14 in head. d', Scales smooth to touch; 55 to 65 in lateral series; pores in upper lateral line 37 to 46; scales covering space in front of and between ventrals. N. macrocephala, 2. d?, Scales plainly ctenoid to touch; 65 to 75 in lateral series; pores in upper lateral line 50 to 60; scales lacking in front of and over half of distance between! ventrals). sh rl eee Se ee cee ae cise sc ece mele N. latifrons, 3. c?, Width of interorbital space less than one-fifth length of head; anal base 2 in body; anal rays more than 26; scales less than 55. e}. Width of interorbital space one-thirteenth to one-fifteenth that of head; length of head one-fourth to three-tenths of body length; depth of body 62 to 5,8, in its length; maxillary about 3 or 3} in head; dorsal VI, 33; depth of caudal peduncle slightly less than diameter of eye; velum narrow; two series of scales between dorsal fin and lateral TEMG estas 2k saree a na eta adc te oe oc meee Nanaia eee Sa N. elegans, 4. e?. Width of interorbital space one-sixth length of head; head 34 to 2¢ in body; depth of body 42 to 5 in its length; maxillary about 24 to 3 in head; dorsal V or VI, 28 to 33; depth of caudal peduncle greater than diameter of eye. f. Dorsal V, 31 to 33; scales in lateral series 49 to 54; opercle scaled above only; no embedded scales on interorbital space; base of pectoral with a distinct bar completely across it in adults...-- N. cornucola, 5. . J?. Dorsal VI (rarely V), 27 to 30; scales 45 to 49; opercle scaled entirely; a single embedded scale always present on anterior part of interorbital space (surface of head sometimes entirely scaled); bar on pectoral base not extending completely across it. ......--.--.---- N. sima, 6. b?. Head distinctly scaled above. g}. Anal rays 28 to 30; dorsal V to VII, 26 to 31; scales 46 to 50; depth of caudal peduncle 3} in head; ventrals extending to or well beyond anus. h}, Head cylindrical, cottoidlike, somewhat depressed; width of inter- orbital space 6 in head; eye slightly dorsal in position and out- look; dorsal V or VI, 28 to 30; gill rakers X-+9 to 12; scales on head small, much smaller than those on body, frequently nearly entirely absent; anal with oblique stripes, ventral clear. (See AWOVE! A Ore Se ee a ae oe ees sete N. sima, 6. h?. Head compressed laterally; body very deep, its width about 1} in its depth; width of interorbital space 43 to 5 in head; eye facing laterally; dorsal VI or VII, 26 to 29; gill rakers 8+-13 to 16; scales on head large, nearly as large as those on body, never ADSM tM: sce BE ee aarti N. squamiceps, 7. g?. Anal rays 30 to 34; dorsal V to VIII, 32 to 36; scales in lateral series above lateral line 55; depth of caudal peduncle contained 34 in head or more (except in N. brevicauda); ventrals ending at or before anus in adults. NO. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 499 i}, Gill rakers long and fine, 35 to 38 on first arch; scales less than 65; interorbital space 0.05 to 0.065. j1. Seales on head small, 8 or 9 in transverse series, extending forward to nostrils; first dorsal rays about one-third length of GHG Beret prise a aries scat’ SARA Coes Sco N. ramsayi, 8. 72. Scales on interorbital space large, 3 in transverse series, not extending beyond the anterior edge of eye; first dorsal high, two-thirds length of head; scales on head rough ctenoid. N. jordani, 9. 22, Gill rakers short, less than 35 on first arch; scales more than 65. k!. Dorsal V, 35 or 36; gill rakers 30 to 34; eye in a specimen 100 mm. long, 4 in head. (', Depth of caudal peduncle less than one-third head. NV. longicauda, 10, l?. Depth of caudal peduncle more than one-half head. N. brevicauda, 11. &?. Dorsal VI to VIII, 32 to 35. m?', Teeth of moderate size, not canines. n'. Velum, from tip of lower jaw to its edge, two-thirds eye in adult; lower jaw longer than upper; gill rakers 20 to 25; dorsal VI or VII, 32 to 34; scales from occiput to dorsal 15 to 20; upper lateral line not reaching nearly to caudal base..... N. tessellata, 12. n*, Width of velum (measured as above) one-half dia- meter of eye in adult; lower jaw equal to upper; gill rakers usually 25 to 32 on first arch; dorsal VI or VII, 34 or 36; scales from occiput to dorsal 10 to 15; upper lateral line reaching nearly to caudal base; eye in a specimen 100 mm. long, 3 in head. o!. Scales in upper lateral line 65; three lateral lines (above characters not corroborated).......-.--. fiom Sores aioe cea ee a seer N. trigramma, 13. o?. Scales in upper lateral line 47 to 53; two lateral AMOS see cece tes ee eee entice. N. longipes, 14. m?,. Canine teeth present; dorsal VI, 32 or 33; gill rakers 36 to 39; lateral line not reaching nearly to caudal base (known from description only).....-... N. canina, 15. Table showing average for each specics of each proportional measurement employed. Species number}... . 2.2.2 S...2c2-n0se0: 1 3 4 5 6 iv Number of specimens... ......2.-...-.-.- 2 it 3 9 5 29 CAG eh cecine ciescGic ones scteeensce ae nee 0. 285 0.30 0.30 0. 27 0.30 0.30 Depthi(at pectorals) ; ... 22a. sa--< 20 26 22 155 deeee ec sc oe 20 CME eens tA eee eee 08 07 07 08 07 07 BNOUTec tec e het ben cae soda sec weet ec 06 085 08 065 08 08 Mira lair yen oe ior Sete ee eee 075 095 11 083 12 il Man diblot te once Fos Sent ic bak gow cea meee wl2: 115 13 10 13 12 Interorbital Width... ic... <.cencc0csss00- 06 10 -09 02 05 05 Dorsalispimesi< <2 2s. vce20-s-nhed shee ee VI| IVorv Vv VI V| Vorvi IWOESAITAYS. arecte saecs sceke chess ones 32 30 30 33 33 30 PATI Ua V Steen es oe cc Elyac een asna ete eee 30 24 25 31 29 29 Scales in lateral Jines..........-.---..--+ 45+6 40+12 56+10 39-+7 40+6 38+10 PICRIESMSCTICS fo otc sesame cuecscnctet 72 61 71 49 2 47 Scalesitransverse oo... ose se aes ae 27 25 28 16 20 18 Pectoralilensthie: 3326a25 oss feces cae deee 0. 26 0. 22 0. 23 0. 21 0. 22 0.23 IPECLOLALTAY Sues oe ceeccnscncsenc lncecsee 22 A 7p eases one 23 20 22 Wenitrallenpth sso... ashet es ee: 0. 22 0.19 0.19 0.215 0.20 0. 23 Caudal peduncle depth...............-.. - 085 -10 -10 07 -09 09 Gillrakers any Eee sth ove oe eee tes 9+12 7+12 7+13 7+12 9+12 +11 Scales occiput to dorsal............-.-.-- 15 15 14 |e 11 13 14 1 See text. 430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Table showing average for each species of each proportional measurement employed—Con. Speciesmmumiber eee net oe scence teers 9 10 11 13 14 « 152 Munsee Olispecimenssi55.--seeeee eee 7 26 a ee Fat = cic cee nlatoee tele ee tee eicr 0.39 0. 29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0. 28 Dept (at pectorals) 2S 52 S222 ese cee 24 18 20 -19 1 17 UE oh aria Sst Se ere eye Sok aa een 075 08 08 - 065 08 07 rout Re Sie eee et ats emer ete 08 075 075 - 076 08 065 Maxillary vies scotia tee oe eee 095 095 -10 wih: ~L0 oo Mandible scars ad eet ae eee 12 13 ll -13 12 13 Interorbitalliwad this. 2 ences mi onl -07 - 06 - 04 «045 045 -05 Morsalispines= sis -2e ee Sos ee eee VII Vil V | ViIor VIL VI vI Dorsalirays: cs5-e-e ee sé 28 35 35 33 34 33 Analtays 2 24s... <2 29 32 33 2 3 31 Seales in lateral lines. es 385+7 45+12 49+-6 47+9 50+12 644-9 Sealesin'soriesh seed sscsac ec eee nee 47 60 72 75 74 68 ecales:fransverseess. = 2652 oe eepadesece 16 21 24 23 21 24 ‘Pectorallengthisas sete secre eee 0.23 0. 23 0.19 0. 23 0.19 0. 25 WMectoralirayswe twee se mecceae Scueliee cee 22 23 24 24 26 27 Ventral ilenethay si. 2-9 228 wees ue 0. 24 0. 21 0.18 0. 185 0.19 0.18 Caudal peduncle'depther.2o.52.- 22>... oe - 095 -075 075 08 075 - 075 Gill makers em Ree es Sle sa eee ah 8+15 12+424 11+20 8+15 10+17 15-+-22 Scales occiput toidorsal.. 24. so see es: 10 11 15 17 12%) thee scmee 1 See text. 2 eoue Smitt, measurements changed from hundredths of total length to hundredths of length without cauda 1. NOTOTHENIA GILBERTI, new species. Plate 2, fig. 3. Described from the type and paratype taken at Laredo Bay, in the Straits of Magellan, both 60 mm. in total length; the type is author’s number 01-52, and 76853 of the United States National Museum. Measurements of type and paratype in hundredths of body length given in parentheses. Head (to tip of upper jaw) 34 in body to base of caudal (0.29 to 0.28); depth 54 (0.19 to 0.21); eye 34 in head (0.08); snout 5 (0.06); maxillary 34 (0.07 to 0.08); mandible about 24 (0.12); width of interorbital space 5 (0.06); length of pectoral 1$ (0.24 to 0.27); of ventral 14 (0.22); least depth of caudal peduncle 32 (0.08 to 0.085) ; length of combined dorsal bases 12 in body; of anal base 13% or 2; D. VI 32; A. 31 (30); pectoral rays 22; scales with pores in upper lateral line 45; in lower line 6; scales in lateral series 70 (73); in transverse from origin of anal obliquely forward and upward 6+ 22 (26 to 28); gill rakers 9412. Width of head equal to its depth at the opercles, squarish in section, the sides somewhat parallel; snout extremely short, project- ing but little beyond the anterior edge of the eye; profile of head descending along anterior border of eyes as far as nostrils, and then slightly forward to meet the premaxillaries; lower jaw longer than upper, mandible very long in proportion to maxillary; inter- opercle in large part covered; upper limb of preopercle vertical; breadth of velar flap measured from tip of lower jaw contained three times in eye; teeth small, in three rows anteriorly above and two below, a single row laterally in both jaws, rows subequal; gill rakers short. NO. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 431 Dorsal inserted above pectoral base; space between last dorsal ray and last of muscular part of tail equal to two-thirds of least depth of caudal peduncle; dorsal terminating above third from last anal ray; pectoral rounded at tip; ventrals reaching anus; caudal broken but apparently pointed. Upper lateral line extending as far as does second dorsal, over- lapping the lower lateral line by two or three scales. Scales absent on snout, lips, and lower jaw, also on limbs of pre- opercle; present on interorbital to between eyes or slightly beyond; those on cheek very small, larger on opercle and dorsal surface of head; nowhere roughly ctenoid. Color much faded; irregular small dark spots on dorsal surface of head and body, with two rows of indefinite blotches on either side of median line of flank, which may be remnants of cross bars; first dorsal strikingly tipped with black and narrowly margined with white; second dorsal with very oblique brown stripes; anal colorless; caudal cross-striped, ventrals and pectoral clear. Named for Dr. C. H. Gilbert in grateful acknowledgment. On the roof of the mouth of the paratype is a copepod parasite, filling nearly the whole of the buccal cavity and giving rise to a query as to the eating habits of the species. It was not thought best to mutilate the specimens to look at the stomach contents. Table of proportional measurements in hundredths of body length. Author’s number......---...- 01—34 | 01—521 | Scales in lateralseries........ 73 70 Length to base ofcaudal..mm. 50 50 || Scales in transverse series... . 26 23 Headilength. .....22.5--- 22+... 0. 28 0. 29 Pectorallength............... 0. 24 0. 27 Body length. vic.22 25 ocee 222. 19 21 Ventrallength .......-..-...- <22 «22 Diameter of eye.......-----.-- .08 .08 Caudal peduncle depth....... -08 - 085 Snout, from eye to its tip...... . 06 .065 || Gillrakers on first arch.......] X12 9+12 Maxillary length.......-...... .07 08 Scales occiput to dorsal....... 14 16 Mandibularlength............ 12 .12 Pectoral rays. = ssicceeese.s 22 23 Interorbital width ............ . 06 . 06 Combined dorsal bases...-..-.. 0.61 0. 62 WD OTSALTAYS ise sc.nee ee oceees V1I+32 Vi--32) || Amal base. 3.4... 22 50 Sobese5e - 50 . 50 PAMIA TAY S!s cocina o& cise oS oc 31 30 Scales in lateralline.......... 45-+-6 45+-6 1 Tyne. 2. NOTOTHENIA MACROCEPHALA Giinther. Notothenia macrocephala GUNTHER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 263. Falkland Islands.—CUNNINGHAM, Voyage of H. M. 8S. Nassau; Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. 27, 1871, p.470. Fortune Bay, west coast of Patagonia.—Prruara, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) vol. 10, 1891, p. 18. Punta Arenas.—?VaILLANT, Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn (1882-1883), vol. 6, Zoologie, Paris, 1891, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d (plates not-seen and the description insufficient). Orange Bay.—Smirt, Bih. Svenska. Akad., vol. 23, IV, No. 3, p. 9, pl. 3, figs. 23-26, 1897. Punta Arenas.—Dr.rin, Catalogo de los Peces de Chile, Revista Chilena, vol. 4, 1900, p. 84.—BouLENagER, Southern Cross, 1902, . p. 184 (part, those from Cape Horn, not ‘‘N. macrocephala” from Campbell Island).—LOnnzBeErG, Hamburger Magalhaenische Sammelreise, Fische, 1907, p. 10. Smyth Channel, Punta Arenas, Cape Horn.—Rea@an, Scottish Ant- arctic Expedition, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 49, pt. 2 (No. 2), p. 277. Magellan Straits, Falkland Islands (New Zealand and Campbell Island?). 432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. Notothenia hassleriana StEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., No. 3, Sitzb. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss., Wien, vol. 73, Abth. 1, Juni Heft, 1875, p. 41, pl.6. Puerto Bueno and Port Gallant in Straits of Magellan; also Fauna Chilensis, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl., vol. 4, 1898, p. 303. Punta Arenas. ? Notothenia portert Detrin, Revista Chilena, vol. 4, 1899, p. 117. .Talcahuano.! Described from three specimens * collected at Borja Bay, two from Sandy Point, and two from Otter Bay; the largest, from the latter place, 215 mm. in total length, is used as typical. Head 34 (0.29 to 0.32) of body length; depth 32 (0.23 to 0.29); eye 43 in head (0.06 to 0.08); snout 34 (0.08 to 0.09); length of max- ilary 22 (0.09 to 0.115) of mandible 2% (0.11 to 0.12); width of inter- orbital space 22 (0.09 to 0.13); length of pectoral 12 (0.20 to 0.25); of ventral 13 (0.17 to 0.20); of combined dorsal bases 12 in body; of anal base 24; D. V (or IV), 80 (29-31); A. 24 (or 23); pectoral rays 17; scales with pores in upper lateral line 43 (38 to 46), in lower 10 (8 to 14); in lateral series 61 (58 to 64) ; in transverse series 8 + 22; gill rakers 6+ 11 (17 to 19). Head massive, broad above, with rounded snout and vertical cheeks; profile arched most strongly before eyes on snout; inter- orbital nearly flat, arched slightly from side to side; maxillary ending under anterior edge of pupil (under anterior quarter of eye in young) ; jaws equal; width of velar flap measured from tip of lower jaw two- thirds diameter of eye; eye looking laterally, upper surface of eyeball not exposed; interopercle nearly as wide as preorbital; teeth of jaws in two loose rows anteriorly, one laterally, small, a pair behind second row at symphysis of lower jaw; gill rakers very short and thick. Space between last spine and first dorsal ray equal to two or three interspinous spaces; spines stiffer than usual, longest of them three or four in head length; anterior portion of soft dorsal elevated, length of its rays containing that of posterior part one and two-thirds times; dorsal and anal terminating opposite each other and a trifle more than depth of caudal peduncle from last of muscular part of latter; anal similar to second dorsal but slightly lower; pectoral falcate, more so in adults than in young; ventrals reaching three-fifths to two-thirds distance to anus; caudal emarginate. 1 As the original description of this nominal (?) species is somewhat difficult of access the following abstract is given in translation. The locality is so far north of other records as to require confirmation if it is N. macrocephala: Depth at insertion of anal contained 53; times in totallength; width at pectorals 43; length of head 4$ in same; width of interorbital space 23 in head; top of head with many rough granulations and minute scales. Nasaltube large. Eye 24 in length of snout. Scales large on opercle, preopercle, and posterior edge of eye (translation?). Upper lateral line terminating opposite last ray of second dorsal; lower beginning on a line between the sixth from the last rays of the dorsaland anal. Color variable, greenish brown, darker above. Irregular blotches forming one or two irregular bands laterally, interrupted by yellowish green color. Pectoral with circular yellow spots, faint distally, a large irregular blotch on the axilla. Dorsal and anal green, obscured by a pattern of greenish yellow of different hues. Caudal similar with a clear vertical band. Rays of dorsal and pectoral only vary in number “D, IV-VI, 28-30; A. 24; P. 18-19.” 2 See table of measurements after Notothenia latifrons on page 435. NO. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888S—THOMPSON. 433 Upper lateral line terminating under fourth from last dorsal ray and two scale series before beginning of lower. Scales present on head only on upper half or third of cheeks, dorsal surface of head naked, but covered by coarse papillae as far forward as anterior edge of eyes; no naked area before ventrals; scales smooth to touch because of pronounced dermal flap which covers ctenoid edges of scales, more particularly in adults. Color uniform; fins all more or less dusky, without pattern save for three or four indefinite longitudinal lines anteriorly on second dorsal, better defined in young; ventrals frequently much darker above than other fins. According to Lénnberg? the life colors are: “Ricken dunkel graugriin, nach dem Bauch in Gold tibergehend, unter dem Kopfe weiss.” This species might well be Notothenia magellanica (Bloch and Schneider) were the anal rays not given as 25 for that form. Regan? believes that Notothenia macrocephala is identical with species from Kerguelen, New Zealand, Auckland, and Campbell Islands. This would leave this species and N. cornucola the sole members of the genus which are circumpolar in distribution. His decision with regard to N. cornucola seems to bave been based on a single “‘small specimen’”’ from New Zealand. In his description of N. macrocephala * the range of variation of the dorsal spines is given as III to VI, which is greater than in any other species in the present collection. In over a hundred examples of Notothenia tessellata the number varied only between VI and VII, while in 75 of WN. longipes but 3 were found to vary from VI, and in 30 of NV. sima the only num- bers found were V or VI. However, judging from the form of the species, it is not as strictly littoral as some of the others, and if any of them are of wide distribution it would be this species, instead of cot- toid forms like N.sima. If this distribution is adopted, the synonymy would include the following, as given by Regan: Notothenia maoriensis Haast, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 5, 1873, p. 276, pl. 16, fig. New Zealand. N. angustata Hurron, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 16, 1875, p. 315. New Zealand. N. antarctica Peters, Monatsh. Akad. Berlin, 1876, p. 837. Kerguelen. N. arguta Hutton, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 11, 1879, p.339. New Zealand. Without these localities, N. macrocephala ranges from the Falk- land Islands, through the Straits of Magellan, around Cape Horn, to Fortune Bay, west coast of Patagonia and Otter Bay, in Smyth Chan- nel, thus being present on both coasts. 1 Magalhaenische Sammelreise. 2 Seottish Antarctic Expedition, 1913, p. 277. 3 Tdem. 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——28 434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 3. NOTOTHENIA LATIFRONS, new species. Plate 8, fig. 1. Type and two paratypes from Sandy Point and Laredo Bay, Straits of Magellan. Type 63 mm. in total length, Cat. No. 76854, U.S.N.M. Head 34 in body to end of muscular part of tail (0.30); depth 43 (0.22); eye, 44 in head (0.07 to 0.075); snout, 3? (0.08); maxillary 23 (0.11); mandible 22 (0.125 to 0.13); width of interorbital space 34 (0.09); length of pectoral 14 (0.22) to 0.23); of ventral 14 (0.19.to 0.20); least depth of caudal peduncle 3 (0.09 to 0.10); length of com- bined dorsal bases 13 in body without caudal (0.60); of anal base 22 (0.42 to 0.44); D. V, 30; A. 25 (24); scales with pores in upper lateral line 56 (51 to 56); in lower lateral line 10 (or 9); in lateral series 73 (67 to 73); in transverse series obliquely forward and upward from anal insertion 8+ 20; gill rakers 7+15 (18 to 22). Head broad above but deeper than wide at preopercle; snout rounded, not pointed; profile arched strongly before eyes, nearly level behind; maxillary ending under anterior border of eyes; jaws nearly equal; interopercle nearly overlapped at angle of opercle; teeth in two or three rows anteriorly in both jaws, in a single row laterally; upper margin of eye covered by interorbital; eye looking laterally; gill rakers very short. Dorsel inserted above pectoral base; interdorsal space equal to at least three interspinous spaces; distance last dorsal ray to end of muscular part of tail equal to least depth of caudal peduncle; last dorsal ray over last of anal; pectoral edge rounded; ventral not ex- tending to anus; caudals broken in all specimens. Upper lateral line ending under third from last dorsal ray and dis_ tant four scales from beginning of lower. Scales ctenoid, absent on head save on upper edge of opercle and cheek; present on suprascapular area; scales also absent before ven- trals between their bases and gill opening, those between ventrals forming a broad band covering half of distance between them; scales between occiput and dorsal small. Color uniform; silvery below and darker above; second dorsal dusky distally; narrowly margined with white; first dorsal somewhat darker; anal similar to second dorsal; other fins colorless or slightly dusky, but pattern, if any, completely faded. This species differs from Notothenia macrocephala in the larger num- ber of scales in the upper lateral line, the larger number in longitudi- nal series; longer maxillary aud mandible in specimens of a size; the roughness of the scales to the touch, which are strongly ctenoid and without the dermal flap which characterizes NV. macrocephala; and in the presence of a bare space before the ventrals. no. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 435 Table of proportional measurements in hundredths of the body length. | Notothenia macrocephala. | N. latifrons. Author’s numbers!........... 01-50 | 01-14 | 01-12 01-72 | a | 01-73 | 01-67 | O1-11 | 01-65] 01-64 Length to beey ofcaudal.mm.. 185 155 69 60 | 42 41 53 47 42 Body depth...........----.... 0.28} 0.29} 0.26]; 0.26] 0. 4 0.23 | 0.23] 0.22 | 0.225 0. 22 Scales in ae Sehlesseeme cane 61 63 63 58 64 60 59 73 67 7. Scales in laterallines........... 43+10 |46+12 | 394+9 |40+12 |38+14 |88+10 | 39+8 |56+10 | 51+9 | 56+10 Maxillary length............-- 0.115 | 0.105] 0.095 | 0.10} 0.09] 0.095} 0.09} O.11) 0.11 0.11 Mandible Jength Pec aeeenencee 0.12} 0.115} 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.115 | 0.115 | 0.125} 0.13 0.13 NIOFSASPINeSoee. aos. -csccns + cere V IV IV IV IV Vv? Vv V V Vv PBTAAI TAU Ge ec Srciccc,cts\eiece = iStGinie 24 23 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 24 1 Localities: Otter Bay, Smyth Channel, 01-50, 01-14; Borja Bay, Straits of Magellan, 01-12, 01-72, 01-73; Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan, 01-66, 01-67, 01-11, 01-65; Laredo Bay, Straits of Magellan, 01-64. 4. NOTOTHENIA ELEGANS Giinther. Notothenia elegans GiintueR, Challenger Shore Fishes, p. 21, pl. 11, fig. C. Off Cape Virgins, 55 fathoms.—Prrueia, Ann. Mus. Genova (2), vol. 10, p. 19. 48° 1’ 10” latitude south, and 63° 54’ 15” longitude west.—DELrin, Catalogo de los Peces de Chile, Revista Chilena, vol. 4, 1900, p. 87.—BOoULENGER, Southern Cross, 1902, p. 183.—RkEa@an, Scottish National Antarctic Exped., Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 49, pt. 2, No. 2, 1913, p.274. Cape Virgins. Described from numerous specimens taken at Albatross stations 2770, 2771, 2773, and 2774, extending from Cape Blanco to the entrance of Magellan Straits. The species is evidently a small one, the largest individual being 80 mm. in total length. A specimen (numbered 01-24) 75 mm. long is used as typical in the description and the extremes of measurements are inserted in hundredths of the total length. Head 32 in body length (0.26 to 0.28); depth 63 in same (0.15 to 0.17); eye 34 in head (0.07 to 0.085); snout 43 (0.06 to 0. 07); length of maxillary 3 (0.08 to 0.09); of mandible 2? (0. 09 to 0.10); width of interorbital space 13 (0.015 to 0.025); engin of pectoral 14 (0.20 to 0.23); of combined dorsal bases 13 in body; of anal base 2; D. VI, 32 (or 33); A. 30 (80 to 32); pectoral rays 23; scales with pores in upper lateral line 39 (38 to 42), in lower 5 (5 to 8); in lateral series 50 (48 to 51); scales between occiput and dorsal 14 (10 to 14); gill rakers X+11 (6 to 9+10 to 12=17 to 20). Body elongated and slender, nearly cylindrical; width of head at opercles greater than depth by diameter of pupil; width of body at pectorals greater than depth by but little; tail compressed; head arched strongly in profile from above posterior border of eyes to tip of snout; eyes looking upward nearly as much as laterally, inter- orbital space very narrow; snout short, less than eye diameter; maxillary reaching to below pupil, mouth cleft but slightly oblique; velar flap, measured from tip of lower jaw, as wide as one-half diameter of eye; teeth small, in a double row in front, outer larger, a single row laterally. First dorsal high, 24 in head; second dorsal nearly a third again as high anteriorly as posteriorly, as far as may be seen despite worn- 436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. off rays; anal similar to second dorsal; last ray of latter above third from last of anal, and distant from last of muscular part of tail by more than depth of caudal peduncle; pectoral somewhat pointed; caudal rounded at tip; ventrals extending beyond anus. Upper lateral line ending under third or fourth from last dorsal ray and slightly before or over beginning of lower. Scales slightly ctenoid to touch; absent on head save a single line above on opercle and a few on upper edge of cheek; a narrow naked space in front of ventrals. ; Body with five irregular V-shaped bands, first over pectorals, last below last rays of dorsal, extending ventrally to median line of side along which a narrow clear longitudinal space extends; six or seven large spots below this, not reaching ventral surface of body; second dorsal with indistinct markings; caudal crossed by two or three relatively broad bands; an irregular spot on caudal base; other fins clear. Notothenia elegans Vaillant is not this species because of the fin formula, which is: D. IV, 40; A. 30. N. elegans is only known from Cape Blanco to Cape Virgins, apparently entirely on the eastern coast. 5. NOTOTHENIA CORNUCOLA Richardson. Notothenia cornucola Ricwarpson, Voyage Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 1846, p. 8, pl. 8, figs. 4 and 5; p. 18, pl. 11, figs. 3 and 4. Cape Horn, Port Louis, and Falkland Islands.—Gitnruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 261.— CUNNINGHAM, Voyage of H. M.S. Nassau, Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. 27, 1871, p. 470. Chiloe, Straits of Mageilan, and west coast of Patagonia.—Srem- DACHNER, Ich. Beitr., vol. 3, Sitz. d. k. Akad. Wien, vol. 72, Abth. I, Juni Heft, 1875, p. 45. Coasts of Patagonia and Chile and Straits of Magellan.— Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Dec. 1876, p. 837. Punta Arenas, Straits of Magellan.— Prervuera, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) vol. 10, 1891, p. 19.— STEINDACHNER, Fauna Chilensis, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. vol. 4, 1898, p. 301. Admiralty Sound, Punta Arenas.—Der rin, Catalogo de los Peces de Chile, Revista Chilena, vol. 4, 1900, p. 85 (part only, forma calva).—VAILLANT, Mission Sci. Cap Horn, vol. 6, Zoologie 1, Poissons, 1907, p. 25. Orange Bay and ‘‘Mission a Terre.’-—REG@AN, Scottish Antarctic Exped. Trans. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 49, pt. 2, No. 2, 1913, pp. 240 and 275. Falkland Islands and Magellan Straits. Notothenia virgata RicHarpson, Voyage Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 1846, p. 18, pl. 11, figs. 5 and 6. Falkland Islands.—Giinruer Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 262 (types of species).—VaILLANT, Mission Sci. Cap Horn, vol. 6, Zoologie, 1, Poissons, p. 25. Orange Bay and ‘‘Mission a Terre.”’ Notothenia marginata RicHarpson, Voyage Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 1846, p. 18, pl. 12, figs. 1 and 2.—Vam1ant, Mission Sci. Cap Horn, vol. 6, 1907, p. 26. Orange Bay and ‘‘Mission a Terre”? and Beagle Channel. ? Notothenia modesta STEINDACHNER, Fauna Chilensis, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., vol. 4, 1898, p. 302, pl. 20, figs. 3, 3a. Punta Arenas, Straits of Magellan.—DE t- FIN, Catalogo de los peces de Chile, Revista Chitena, vol. 4, 1900, p. 86. NO. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. AST Notothenia coriiceps Dotto, Voyage du 8S. Y. Belgica, Antwerp, 1904, p. 79. Lapataia Bay in Beagle Channel.—_LénnBera, Wiss. Ergeb. Schwed. Siid- polar Exp., vol. 5, Lief. 6, 1905, pp. 6 and 13. Ushuaia, Terre del Fuego, Falkland Islands; Hamburger Magalhaenische Sammelreise, Fische, 1907. p. 9, Smyth Channel, Punta Arenas, Ushuaia, Haberton Harbor, Falkland Islands (not N. coriiceps Richardson). Described from three specimens taken at Laredo Bay (with a number of very young specimens) and five from Sandy Point, in the Straits of Magellan, the largest individual being 95 mm. in total length. Head 33 in length to base of caudal (0.29 to 0.32 of body length), depth 42; eye 4 in head (0.07 to 0.075); snout 32; length of maxil- lary 2} (0.11 to 0.12); of mandible 21 (0.12 to 0.14); width of inter- orbital space 53 (0.045 to 0.055); length of pectoral 14 (0.19 to 0.23); of ventral 12 (0.19 to 0.21); least depth of caudal peduncle 34 (0.09 to 0.095); length of combined dorsal bases 12 in body (0.63 to 0.68); of anal ‘fin 2; D. V (or IV), 32 (or 33); A. 29 (or 28); pectoral rays 20; scales with pores in upper lateral line 40; in lower 6; in lateral series 52 (49 to 54); in transverse series 5+15 (18 to 21); gill rakers 8+12. Head narrow above, strongly arched, its width less than its depth at occiput; body compressed, its width one and one-third times in depth at pectoral bases; maxillary ending under center of eye; dis- tance from eye to nearest point on line of occiput less than diameter of eye (more in Notothenia sima); breadth of velar fold from tip of lower jaw equal to two-thirds eye diameter; teeth above in two or three rows anteriorly, three or four below; interopercle evenly exposed throughout; jaws nearly equal; upper limb of preopercle inclined backward as it passes to angle; gill rakers short. Dorsal inserted slightly before base of pectoral; distance from last ray to end of fleshy part of peduncle one-third least depth of latter; last dorsal ray above third from last of anal; first dorsal not as high as first rays of second dorsal, which are higher than last of same fin; anal lower but similar to second dorsal; ventrals reaching anus; caudal and pectorals rounded. Upper lateral line ending below last dorsal ray; lower commencing immediately before its termination, very short. Seales absent on cheeks and opercles save narrow upper parts; interorbital space completely naked, no buried scale between anterior edges of eyes; those between occiput and dorsal very small and buried; scales apparently lacking in space between ventrals and gill opening. Color dark; two clear streaks, separated by a narrow dark streak, running obliquely back and downward from suborbital; a dark blotch above these below posterior border of eye; ventrals dark, with faint 488 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. clear edge; pectorals with bar completely across base in adults; anals dark, with clear edge; soft dorsal similar; spinous dorsal with usual large black spot on distal and posterior half; caudal with indications of cross-stripes; in young specimens anal frequently shows traces of oblique stripes. Certain very young specimens of this species from Laredo Bay apparently show 5 spines and 34 rays in the dorsal, but are otherwise typical. That this is Notothenia cornucola of Richardson and not NV. sima is shown conclusively by the characters given for the former. These are: Dorsal rays 32; opercle not completely scaled; oblique cheek stripe distinct; bar across pectoral complete and distinct. Our speci- mens correspond in every detail with the description of the type. Notothenia sima differs from this species not only in the characters shown in the key and tables of measurements, but also very greatly in physiognomy, the interorbital space being less strongly arched from side to side and the head apparently less compressed. Regan! records a small specimen from New Zealand, but this is so contrary to the general distribution of the species of the genus that it is difficult to accept the record, on such meager material at least. Steindachner’s description of Notothenia modesta seems to fit our specimens closely enough, although he says:? Wegen der stark comprimirten Form der Kopfes und der aitisserst geringen Stirn- breite wage ich es nicht, das hier beschriebene Exemplar der Art nach mit N. cornucola zu vereinigen. The range of distribution seems the greatest of the genus im so far as South American members are concerned, as it extends from the Island of Chiloe (43° latitude) on the western coast to the Falkland Islands on the eastern, being recorded many times from Cape Horn and the Straits of Magellan. N. cornucola. N. sima. Authors’ number. | 02-15 02-18 02-16 02-17 | 01-15 | 02-46 02-45 02-5 | 01-23 01-68 01-8 0248 | | | | Length to base of caudal | | DO eee eee ane ce mm.. 66 68 70) 81 81 60 68 70: 80 80 85 91 Eye diameter 0.075) 0.075} 0.07) 0.07) 0.07} 0.07 0. 07| 0.065; 0.07) 0.06 0.06 0. 06 Maxillary. :-.4.0..2- Set aa .12 UL) ) 52 Du 210) “fal we 12 A) col ~ 12 MATIC I DION eee ccee aoe .14 oo SL) 213 12). «425 wl15 13 “12 125 12 Dorsalirayssssc. =. ac. ele V,32) V, a Vv, 32 Me ge Vv, eo VI, 29) vI, 25 VI, 30) V i, 30} V, 29 vi, ri VI, ze Seales in lateral series. . - . 50 47 46 46 48 50 @illivakers) [3222 526 ses. 8+12 ot x3 x19 x+13 9+10 9410 9+11] 7+9 9410 o+ll 641 | 1 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb., vol. 49, 1913, p. 275. 2 Fauna Chilensis, p. 302. 3 Localities: N. cornucola: All from Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan. WN. sima: Laredo Bay, Straits of Magellan 02-46, 02-45, 02-48, 02-5, 01-8; Gregory Bay, Straits of Magellan, 01-23, 01-68 No, 21338. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888S—THOMPSON. 439 6. NOTOTHENIA SIMA Richardson. Notothenia sima Ricwarpson, Voyage Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 1846, p.19, pl. 11, figs. 1 and 2. Falkland Islands.—StTeinpAcHNER, Fauna Chilensis, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl., vol. 4, 1898, p. 303. Punta Arenas, Straits of Magellan.— BouLenceER, Ann. Nat. Hist., (7) vol. 6, 1900, p. 53. Stanley Harbor, Falk- land Islands; idem, Southern Cross, 1902, p. 183 (part).—LONNBERG, Wis- sensch. Erg. Schwed. Stidpolar Exp., vol. 5, Lief. 6, 1905, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 1. Falkland Islands.—?Vam.ant, Expédition Antarctique Francaise (1903- 1905) Dec., 1906, p. 24. Booth Wandel Island, (Dorsal VI, 36).—LONNBERG, Magalhaenische Sammelreise, 1907, p. 9. Punta Arenas, Smyth Channel and Falkland Islands.—Recan, Scottish Antarctic Expedition, Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb., 1918, p. 240 and 269. Magellan Straits and Falkland Islands. Notothenia cornucola, formae calva, intermedia, and squamifrons Smit, Bih. Svenska Akad., vol. 23, IV, No. 3, 1897, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 12; pl. 2, figs. 13 and 14; pl. 11, figs. 15-17.—DeE.rin, Catalogo de los Peces de Chile, Revista Chilena, vol. 4, 1900, p. 85 (after Smitt). ?Notothenia kerlandreae LONNBERG Wissensch. Ergeb, Schwed. Siidpolar Exp., vol. 5, 1905, Lief. 6, p. 14, pl. 4, fig. 13. Port Williams and Port Stanley, Falklands. Described from numerous specimens taken at Gregory and Laredo Bays, and Sandy Point in the Straits of Magellan. A specimen 105 mm. in total length from Laredo Bay taken as typical. It is the longest at hand. Head 32 in body length (0.29 to 0.32); depth 44 (0.19 to 0.22); eye 5 in head (0.06 to 0.075); snout 33 (0.07 to 0.085); maxillary 28 (0.095 to 0.12); mandible 24 (0.11 to 0.13); width of interorbital space 53 (0.045 to 0.055); length of pectoral 14 (0.21 to 0.26); of ventral about 14 (0.22 to 0.24); depth of caudal peduncle 34 in head (0.08 to 0.095); length of combined dorsal bases 12 in body; of anal base 2; D. VI (or V), 28 (to 30); A. 28 (to 30); pectoral rays 22; scales with pores in upper lateral line 35 to 38; in lower 8 to 12; in longitudinal series 46 (45 to 50); in transverse 5+14; between in- sertion of dorsal and line of occiput 12 to 17; gill rakers 9+11 (18 to 20). Head cottoid in shape, as deep as wide at opercles; widely arched, not strongly convex, from side to side; lower jaw but very slightly longer; lip usually as broad as suborbital; small teeth in a double band, outer series slightly enlarged; distance edge of velar flap from tip of lower jaw equal to two-thirds diameter of eye; upper side of eyeball exposed and pigmented; maxillary extending to below an- terior fourth of eye; posterior limb of preopercle vertical; distance eye to line of occiput greater than diameter of eye in adults. First dorsal inserted above pectoral base; interdorsal space equal to that between spines; distance from last ray to end of muscular part of tail two-thirds least depth of caudal peduncle; last dorsal ray over fourth from last of anal; longest dorsal spine 3 in head; longest ray 24 in head; anterior part of fin higher by a third than posterior; 440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. longest anal ray 3 in head, fin slightly lower posteriorly; pectoral rounded; ventrals just reaching anus; caudal rounded. Upper lateral line ending under fourth ray from last of second dorsal, and overlapping lower lateral line by four scales, sometimes not at all. Seales ctenoid; interorbital scaled to between nostrils in some specimens, but half in others, and often covered by widely scattered scales; frequently entirely naked as far back as occiput save for a single, occasionally deeply embedded, but constantly present, scale between anterior borders of eye; whole of opercle with scales as large as those on body, preopercle, interopercle, and subopercle naked; cheeks with minute scales above on area of varying extent; scales between occiput and dorsal one-fifteenth size of those on the body; space before each ventral base naked to isthmus. Color of majority of specimens much faded, leaving the first dorsal dark, the second dusky, and the anal with prominent oblique stripes; color of better preserved specimens variegated, especially in young; four irregular transverse bands on body margined with white, es- pecially laterally; remainder of body spotted with dark scales; upper surface of snout covered by sharply margined spots; a dark, somewhat indefinite band extending downward and backward from preorbital and another from center of eye, with lighter center; upper half of pectoral base traversed by irregular dark lines surrounding lighter area; a dark bar across base of caudal, fading distally on rays; dorsal with indistinct dark oblique stripes, those on anal much more distinct; caudal with several well-defined crossbars. The variation in the scaling of the head in this species is certainly remarkable, but it is evident enough that it is simply variation. All intergradations and degrees of scaling are to be seen, correlated with no other character as far as may be discovered. It is evident that Smitt was correct in calling his three ‘‘forms’’ members or parts of a single species, and Boulenger as plainly incorrect in referring the scaleless headed forms to Notothenia cornucola, as may be seen by reference to the differences between those species. Table of measurements 1 and counts of specimens of Notothenia sima Richardson with scaled and scaleless heads. Aiithor*smumber..-<-ceee ; a F - + : *, : si ; ' i : 5 ’ 7 ” ~~ - . : uu U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 6 1. COELORHYNCHUS CHILENSIS. (PAGE 473.) 2. COELORHYNCHUS PATAGONIAE. (PAGE 475.) NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS OF THE SUBFAMILIES ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE. By Justus W. Fotsom, Of the University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. The present paper treats of all the known species of North Amer- ican Poduridae, with the exception of the subfamily Onychiurinae. Special acknowledgment is due to Dr. A. D. MacGillivray, of the University of Illinois, from whom I have received large collections of notable importance. Through the courtesy of Prof. Henry F. Nachtrieb, of the Uni- versity of Minnesota, I have obtained for study many of the species described by Guthrie. From Mrs. F. ‘L. Harvey, of Orono, Maine, I acquired the large collection made by Professor Harvey. Through the kindness of Mr. Samuel Henshaw I was enabled some years ago to study all of Packard’s material in the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy. Cotypes have been deposited in the United States National Museum, Washington, District of Columbia, and in the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts. SYNOPSIS OF SUBFAMILIES. COLLEMBOLA. Body elongate; segmentation evident; the nine body segments being distinct as a rule; the exceptions applying only to the last two or three abdominal segments. Suborder ARTHROPLEONA Borner. Body segments essentially similar; prothorax similar to the other segments and with setae dorsally; never reduced or naked; postantennal organ usually present; antennae short, four-segmented; mouth parts mandibulate or piercing-suctorial; unguiculus frequently absent; furcula present or absent; when present, clearly appended to the fourth abdominal segment; anal spines often present; integu- ment tuberculate, not thickened in the form of sclerites; scales absent. Family PODURIDAE Lubbock, Borner. PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 50—No. 2134. 477 478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50, Head and body without pseudocelli; eyes present or absent; postantennal organ: usually present; furcula present or absent; sense-organ of third antennal | segment with sense-rods, but without sense-cones and outer papillae. Head prognathous; unguiculi present or absent; furcula not extending beyond the ventral tube; dentes not divided into two segments; not ringed distally, not bowed. Mouth parts mandibulate, not projecting in a cone; mandibles with a molar surface; furcula present; anal spines usually present. Subfamily AcHoruTINAE Borner, 19016 (p. 478). Mouth parts mandibulate or piercing-suctorial, projecting in a cone in most of the genera; mandibles small or absent, without molar sur- PACE SSC Waser eee Subfamily NEANURINAE Borner, 19015. Anal segment relatively small; supra-anal valve rounded, not bilobed; furcula present or absent; segmental tubercles absent. Tribe PszEuDACHORUTINI Borner, 1906 (p. 498). Anal segment relatively large; supra-anal valve bilobed; unguiculus absent; furcula absent; segmental tubercles present; buccal cone present; anal spinesabsent. . Tribe NeEaNnurtN1Borner, 1901d(p.507). Head hypognathous; unguiculi absent; furcula extending beyond the ventral tube; dentes two-segmented, ringed distally, bowed outward. Subfamily Popurrae Borner, 1906 (p. 513). Head and body with pseudocelli; eyes absent; postantennal organs almost always present and well developed; mouth parts mandibulate, mandibles with molar surface; furcula absent or rudimentary; sense-organ of third antennal segment with sense-rods, sense-cones, and often with outer papillae; anal spines usually provent.2-. dae ee eho ieeods fee oe Subfamily OnycuiurINAE Borner, 1906. Subfamily ACHORUTINAE Borner. Achorutini BORNER, 1901a. Achorutinae BORNER, 1901b. Hypogastrurinae BORNER, 1906. KEY TO GENERA OF ACHORUTINAE. 1. Furcula ‘present; ‘eyes’ presOnt. oe. oc.c css... 2 conch ememan ove eiclneiseee renee 2. Fureula absent; eyes absent; postantennal organs present; unguiculus present; anal spines minute or absent: white or yellow...........- Willemia Borner. 2. Eyes eight on each side; postantennal organs present; furcula well developed. ..3. Eyes five on each side; postantennal organs absent; unguiculus absent; furcula often more or less reduced; anal spines two, usually minute. X enyllaTullberg, p.495. 3. Postantennal organs with four to seven peripheral tubercles. Achorutes Templeton, 4. Postantennal organs each with a single large elongate suboval tubercle; un- guiculus absent; anal spines absent................... Beckerella Linnaniemi. 4. Unguicnlus presen hcg oa 5.6 © 5 isin a Sponge a'ota se sn sieio neeioele Achorutes Templeton, p. 478. neice ROACNG. 3) cone kan ioe ee epee Subgenus Schéttella Schiffer, p. 494. Genus ACHORUTES Templeton. Achorutes TEMPLETON, 1835.—TULLBERG, 1872. Hypogastrura BouRLET, 1842.—B6RNER, 1906. Eyes eight on each side of the head. Postantennal organs each with four (seldom more) peripheral tubercles. Antennae cylindrical, -four-segmented. Mouth parts mandibulate; mandibles with a well- no. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 479 developed subapical many-toothed molar surface. Unguiculus pres- ent (except in subgenus Schéttella), Clavate tenent hairs present in most species. Furcula and tenaculum present. Anal spines pres- ent (except in some species of Schéttella), usually two. Integument tuberculate. — The genus Hypogastrura Bourlet, revived by Bérner (’06, p. 156) and adopted by some writers, is invalid. In 1839 Bourlet made the genus Hypogastrura to receive a single species, Podura aquatica Linnaeus. In 1842 he used the same name in a new sense for species of Achorutes. Hypogastrura is a homonym, and the type of Hypo- gastrura is not Achorutes murorum but Podura aquatica Linnaeus. KEY TO SPECIES OF ACHORUTES, 1. Dentes with several or many large dorsal teeth; color dark blue............... De anion wllNouy Gord leettiess ss ts.25 cae oe See e Le eee tee Suc Wea eakeoaeee Be Peed eis MUNGO ss sens Sots w ee ach ele de See Hee socialis, p. 484. Peninwes pine ONG Wi ms Rite sage ire acne age be A Aa oe oe harveyi, p. 486. 3. One long tenent hair, usually but not always clavate.......-.....--.---+++--- 4, itwouor three long clavate tenent hairs.<.. 605.2 20s. ese ese ok cede ee kee eee 12. Pee SUIOs PROSOIG hi occ news cess elem ater oe Sedo's ha be Sesseg womens ee 5. Anal spines absent; yellow mottled with brown..........--.-.---- tigrina, p. 480. 5. Body with stout capitate hairs; color dark blue..................packardi, p. 482. GevanuUOli canto DAW: soc. ness lacsmscdcauccdesnnedneopene ep eeceses 6. 6. Anal spines long, at least three-quarters as long as hind ungues...........--..-- a Anal spines short, one-third to one-half as long as hind ungues...........--.-. 10. 7. Outer lamella of mucro with a large subtriangular lobe (fig. J11)..-............ 8. Outer lamella of mucro with a small subtriangular lobe (fig. 92) or with entire PeNe eAneneete e ES ahs Cio Baths le cmirai diate Soe ae Sie kW ak hehe Sateen nee oP 8. Anal spines long; at least as long as the hind ungues; lobe of outer lamella not thickened distally; antennae with a large eversible sac between the third and POMPE TOI GSece ck casio oh ta tbe e Ue! ettaos mesic eine Sages armatus, p. 491. Anal spines three-quarters as long as hind ungues; lobe of outer lamella ter- minating distally in a large tooth-like thickening; no eversible antennal eee errata Ase ha Pale e Mex be ae de owe mcek aha oe pseudarmatus, p. 490. 9. Outer lamella of mucro with a small ee uae lobe; anal spines equal to, or longer than, hind qmewes. <2. -scvesen.cb< suis Sosy ..guthriei, p. 489. Outer lamella of mucro with entire dorsal margin; anal Shee Sree: -quarters as fon gan UNG NOUR a2 o.cc.. 2 Soe. eh eee oe packardi, var. dentatus, p. 483. 10. Anal spines one-half as long as hind ungues; mucro not hooked apically; dark ip eee oe cee See a coe ie Ee ee sae copiosus, p. 480. Anal spines less than one-half as long as hind ungues; mucro hooked apically.-.11. UL USL i bid at 6]: a ee maturus, p. 481. Cream yellow, marked with pale purple. ............-.-....-- brevispinus, p. 482. 12. Outer lamella of mucro large (fig. 86); ventral margin of mucro rounded dis- LRM Pea Seite ia tale sis aie Ga aimee Sala eRe eia's cieln's ee slaw eee s cee te viaticus, p. 489. Outer lamella small, narrow; ventral margin of mucro almost suHieHt Pa. eae 13% 13. Anal spines minute, less than one-fourth as long as hind ungues ’ macgillivrayi, p. 488. Anal spines one-third to one-half as long as hind ungues..........--.--.------ 14, Pee Mucro-with, UptuIned APOX =... <<. 2-600 55 cemencisnedscciasseo-e-tullbergt, p. 487. REMIT MiAIZ NG ADICAN Yas gee cin ce te ames cr visite we arewcniee a cicahe weka'ai humi, p. 487. A80 PROCDEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Achorutes longispinus MacGillivray (793, p. 315) is an Isotoma, as I have found from an examination’ of four of the cotypes which were kindly sent to me by the author of the species. ACHORUTES TIGRINA Harvey. Plate 8, figs. 7-9. Achorutes tigrina Harvey, 1900. “The ground color straw yellow mottled with patthes of deep brown; the sutures show the ground color and give a transversely banded appearance; the dark markings on the dorsum arranged in three interrupted longitudinal bands, one median and the others lateral, alternating with the ground color; these longitudinal stripes show more plainly on the middle of the body, where each segment bears about three blotches in each band.” Eye-patches approxi- mate; eyes eight on each side (fig. 7). Postantennal organ (see beyond). Antennae as long as the head; segments as 3:8:6:9; second and third subcylindrical; fourth rounded conical. Body slender, subcylindrical; abdomen scarcely dilated. Ungues (fig. 8) broad, slightly curving, with inner margin unidentate beyond the middle. Unguiculus two-thirds as long as unguis on first and second pairs, one-half as long on third pair; with small semi-elliptical lamella preceded by a rounded basal lobe, and with setaceously produced outer margin; claws minutely tuberculate. One long tenent hair, minutely knobbed. Furcula not quite extending to the second abdominal segment; manubrium stout, trapezoidal; dentes (fig. 9) obese, with apex one-third as broad as the base; mucrones (fig. 9) one-third dentes in length, simple, rounded api- cally. Anal spines absent. Body thickly clothed with long stiff setae and long curving hairs. Length, 1.3 mm. The postantennal organs, as I found them, were simple circular organs, as in figure 7. I examined them in but one specimen, how- ever, having only three of Harvey’s cotypes at my disposal, so I can not say whether they were abnormal in this specimen or not. This species was described originally from eight cotypes, found on bark in the woods at Poronal, Maine, in May, by O. O. Stover. ACHORUTES COPIOSUS, new species. Plate 8, figs. 10-14. Achorutes schneideri SCHAFFER, GUTHRIE, 1903. Blackish blue. Eyes eight on each side. Antennae slightly longer than the head; fourth segment about twice as long as the third. Unguis (fig. 10) slender, unidentate about one-third from apex. Unguiculus more than half as long as unguis, with rounded basal lamella and with distal half acuminate. Claws minutely tuberculate. No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 48] Tenent hair single, knobbed, unusually long, about one and one-half times as long as the unguis. Dentes gradually tapering. Mucrones two-sevenths as long as dentes, minutely tuberculate, in form as in figures 11 and 12. Anal spines (fig. 13) two, half as long as hind ungues, curving, on prominent contiguous papillae, which are shorter than the spines. Clothing mostly of short curving setae, as in figure 14. Length, 1.6 mm. in specimens studied by me; 2.25 mm. accord- ing to Guthrie. The present description and figures are from 13 cotypes (slide No. 53a, Univ. of Minn.), collected by Guthrie, May 2, 1899, in Minnesota. This species is not the European A. schneideri Schaffer, as I have learned by comparing it with seven specimens of the latter sent to me by Doctor Schaffer. In schneider (synonymous with sahlbergi Reuter) the anal spines are straight and not longer than the papillae, and the mucrones and unguiculi are different in form from those of this species. Guthrie found this form to be abundant in moist situations, as _ under boards and in crevices in a living tree where the sap was exuding. The cotypes are in the collection of the University of Minnesota. ACHORUTES MATURUS, new species. Plate 8, figs. 15-21. Achorutes schéttti REUTER, GUTHRIE, 1903. ’ ? Dark blue, grayish blue, or grayish, with round or oval spots made by hypodermal nuclei. Eyes eight on each side. Postantennal organs (fig. 15) with four peripheral tubercles and a large oval ‘‘Nebenhécker.”’ Antennae shorter than the head, with segments as 11:14:17:26, inrelative lengths. Sense-organ of third antennal seg- ment asin figure 16. Body stout. Unguis (fig. 17) stout, unidentate beyond the middle of the inner margin. Unguiculus about half as long as unguis, lanceolate, acuminate. One long knobbed tenent hair, often extending as far as the apex of the unguis. Dentes stout, slightly tapering, not swollen apically and without large dorsal tubercles. Mucro (figs. 18, 19) two-fifths dens in length, elongate- triangular, with outer lamella terminating before the apex, which is rounded and upturned. Anal spines (fig. 20) two, slightly curving. small, less than one-third the hind ungues in length. Clothing (fig, 21) sparse, of short stiff setae. Length, 1 mm. This species resembles the European manubrialis Tullberg (schétti Reuter), for which Guthrie mistook it. I have compared two of Guthrie’s specimens with four of manubrialis, which I received from Doctor Schiffer, and find that maturus differs in having no coarse dorsal tubercles on the dentes, in having relatively longer dentes, curving anal spines, and another type of clothing. 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16—81 482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Illinois.—Urbana, March 30, April 12, 30, May 2, 7, abundant in woodlands, in humus, and on agarics. Minnesota.—April 8, J. E. Guthrie (Univ. of Minn.). The cotypes are in the collection of the University of Minnesota. ACHORUTES BREVISPINUS Harvey. Plate 9, figs. 22-28. Achorutes brevispinus Harvey, 1893. Cream yellow above, with pale purple patches and streaks; dorsum with several interrupted stripes. Eye patches reniform. Eyes eight on each side. Postantennal organs (figs. 22, 23) large, with four or five peripheral tubercles. Antennae subequal to head in length; seg- ments as 4:5:6:8 in relative lengths; second and third segments shghtly expanding; fourth ovate. Body subfusiform. Ungues (fig. 24) slender, curving, unidentate two-fifths from the apex. Ungui- culus long, extending beyond the middle of the unguis, slender, grad- ually tapering from base to apex. One clavate tenent hair. Manu- brium as long as the remainder of the furcula. Dentes slender, taper- ing. Mucro (figs. 25, 26) almost one-half as long as dens, lamellate, with a blunt apical hook and a subapical dorsal excavation. Anal spines (fig. 27) two-fifths as long as hind ungues, slender, feebly curving, on small, slightly separated papillae. Clothing (fig. 28) of _ sparse short curving denticulate setae, with a few longer setae on the posterior part of the abdomen. Maximum length, 2.5 mm. Redescribed from Harvey’s cotypes. This species was found to be exceedingly abundant during the winter in celery, stored in a cellar; it was also noticed out-of-doors in autumn in potato hills. Orono, Maine, February, March, April 22, November, December, F. L. Harvey. ACHORUTES PACKARDI Folsom. Plate 9, figs. 29-33. Achorutes nivicola PackarpD, 1873.—LINTNER, 1885.—MacGILLIvRrAy, 1891.— - Harvey, 1893. Schoturus nivicola LINTNER, 1896. Achorutes packardi Fousom, 1902a. Dark indigo blue throughout. Eyes eight on each side. Post- antennal organs (fig. 29) with four peripheral tubercles. Antennae shorter than the head, with segments as 5:8:7:10. Ungues (fig. 30) stout, untoothed. Unguiculi of hind feet two-fifths as long as the ungues, slender, with apical half acuminate; of the other feet, one- fourth as long as the ungues and small. Tenent hair stout, exceed- ing the unguis in length. Dens (fig. 31) without dorsal teeth. Mucro (fig. 31) one-fifth as long as dens, in form like the end of a canoe, with apex often upturned. Anal spines (fig. 32) two, almost as long No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 483 as the ungues, curving, on large contiguous papillae. Clothing (fig. 33) of many stout surving serrate setae of moderate length and fewer long stiff capitate setae, more or less serrate. Maximum length, 2.5 mm. This is the species that Packard redescribed as nivicola Fitch. Packard’s specimens are not in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, with the rest of his Essex County material, but I have his original drawings, which leave no doubt as to what species he regarded as nivicola. Harvey and Lintner depended upon Packard’s account of nicola, and the specimens to which they applied that name are, indeed, the same species that Packard had in hand; this I have learned from an examination of the identical specimens that Harvey and Lintner used in preparing the papers mentioned above in the synonymy. This species is frequently found on red maple trees, crawling on the trunk or remaining under the bark or in crevices, especially about the base of a tree. I have occasionally found it under the loose bark of pine, oak, and apple trees, or about the roots; or clustered under moss ona stone. In Massachusetts full-grown individuals occur from mid-April until the middle of June; a second brood begins to appear late in June and has disappeared by the last of August. I have twice (April 22, 29) found abundant eggs of this species under the loose moist bark of red maple roots, protected by the sod; they were pale yellow, spherical, 135 micra in diameter, in irregular masses, and hatched in a little less than one month. Maine.—Orono, February, March 10, 15, May, F. L. Harvey. Massachusetts.—Cambridge, April 17, 22, 29, May 2, 4, June 11. Arlington, April 17. Lexington, May 10, 11. New York.—Ithaca, January 30, J. H. Comstock; February 24, A. D. MacGillivray. Stockport, April 18, Mrs. J. A. Lathrop. Ghent, April 13, E. C. Powell (N. Y. State Coll.). Monsey, March 21, H. Glasgow. Pennsylvania.—Harrisburg, March 23, H. A. Surface. Maryland.—Newark, January 24, Beckwith (N. Y. State Coll.). Ohio.—Salem, March 21, A. D. MacGillivray. Tllinois.—Urbana, April 9, 11, 25. Lagrange, November 6, J. J. Davis. Canada.—Toronto, Ontario, June 26, R. J. Crew. ACHORUTES PACKARDI Folsom, var. DENTATUS Folsom. Plate 10, figs. 34-41. Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus Foisom, 1902a. Achorutes lapponicus AX ELSON, 1902. Hypogastrura lapponica (Axelson) LINNANIEMT, 1912. In this variety all the ungues (fig. 34) are unidentate; the mu- crones are one-fourth as long as the dentes, and in form as in figures 484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 35 to 39; the erect capitate setae characteristic of typical packardi are absent, though some of the setae on the posterior part of the abdo- men may be obscurely capitate. In other respects the variety agrees with the typical form. I have found this variety under the loose bark of pine, red maple, and oak trees, especially at the base of the roots; and it occurs sometimes on snow. In Massachusetts it has at least three broods, which mature at intervals of six or seven weeks. Dentatus is a seasonal variety of packardi. I have raised the latter from eggs of the former, which hatched May 20 (Massachusetts). I agree with Linnaniemi (12, p. 32) that his A. lapponicus of Finland and Sweden is probably this variety dentatus. The distal tibiotarsal hairs are often feebly clavate in dentatus and apparently strongly clavate in lapponicus. The name dentatus (March, 1902) antedates lapponicus (‘fMitgeteilt am 5. April, 1902”’). Maine.—Orono, March 10, 15, May 1, 3, F. L. Harvey. Massachusetts.—Arlington, April 10, 13, 23, 30, May 23, Sep- tember 10. New York.—Ithaca, April 12, A. D. MacGillivray. , Ghent, April 13, E. C. Powell (N. Y. State Coll.). Ohio.—Salem, March 18, A. D. MacGillivray. ACHORUTES SOCIALIS Uzel. Plate 7, fig. 1; plate 10, figs. 42-46; plate 11, figs. 47-50. Podura nivicola Frren, 1847. Achorutes socialis UzEL, 1890.—ScuotTt, 1894a, 18966, 1902.—ScHArrer, 1896.— Cart, 1899, 1901.—ReruTER, 1900.—ABsoLon, 1901b.—LIE-PETTERSEN, 1901.—KravusBavER, 1902.—GuTHRIE, 1903.—WAHLGREN, 1906b.—(AXEL- SON) LINNANIEMI, 1907. Schoturus nivicola MacGituivRay, 1893b.—DaLuA Torre, 1895. Achorutes diversiceps LINTNER, 1896. Achorutes spinifer SCHAFFER, 1896. Achorutes nivicola Fousom, 1902a.—AxELSoN, 1904.—Lizn-PETTERSEN, 1907. Hypogastrura socialis LINNANIEMI, 1912. Dark indigo blue throughout. Eyes (fig. 42) eight on each side. Postantennal organs (fig. 43) with four peripheral tubercles. Anten- nae about as long as the head, with segments as 7:9:10:15; basal segment subglobose, second and third subcylindrical, fourth rounded conical. Olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment (fig. 44) six to ten—four to eight outer and two inner. Sense-organ of third antennal segment (fig. 45) with two oblong-clavate curving processes. Body elongate, abdomen subfusiform, last segment subcylindrical. Unguis (fig. 46) slightly curving, with inner margin unidentate about one- third from the apex. Unguiculus extending about half as far as unguis, basally subovate, apically acicular. One long tenent hair with a minute knob. Distal tibiotarsal hairs apically bent and often feebly knobbed. Dentes (fig. 47) stout, subcylindrical, apically > a No. 2184. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 485 broad and rounded, bearing dorsally four to seven prominent acutely- conical teeth, besides several or many smaller pointed teeth. Mucro (figs. 47, 48) one-fourth as long as dens, inserted on inner side of apex of dens, and somewhat boat-shaped; in profile, suboblong, feebly cury- ing, apically retuse or emarginate. Anal spines (fig. 49) two, small, conical, erect or curving slightly forward, on low, separated papillae. Clothing (fig. 50) of simple setae. Maximum length, 2 mm. ‘ The postantennal organ rarely has five peripheral tubercles. The “Nebenhécker” is round or rounded-triangular. The sense-organ of the third antennal segment is essentially the same in American and European specimens (compare my fig. 45 with Absolon, ’016, fig. 1). The “Riechzipfchen” of the fourth antennal segment, how- ever, are often longer and more curving than they appear in the figure given by Absolon (’01b, p. 583). The teeth of the dentes are modi- fied cuticular tubercles; on the proximal side of the large teeth there are often several small teeth which merge into the minute tubercles of the integument (fig. 47). The mucro varies somewhat in form, chiefly in the depth of the apical notch, which is sometimes almost absent; in a few specimens I have seen the form of mucro represented by Schott (94a, pl. 7, fig. 7), but in only a few out of many hundreds of specimens examined. Owing to the inadequacy of Fitch’s original description of Podura nivicola I redescribed his species in 1902. The first competent description of the species was given, however, by Uzel in 1890; hence his name socialis should be used instead of nivicola. North American specimens agree accurately with three Swedish examples of socialis which were determined by Schétt and sent to me by Schiffer. I sent American specimens to Schiffer, who replied that his Acho- rutes spinifer was a color variety of nivicola (socialis). Lintner’s diversiceps is a synonym of secialis Uzel. I have studied Lintner’s cotypes through the kindness of Dr. E. P. Felt. For the loan of Guthrie’s specimens of A. socialis I am indebted to Prof. H. F. Nachtrieb. This is an abundant species in our forests in the winter and fore part of spring. At any time in the winter, whenever afew days of mild weather occur, the surface of the snow, often over whole acres of woodland, may be found sprinkled more or less thickly with these minute fleas, looking, at first sight, as though gunpowder had been there scattered. Hollows and holes in the snow, out of which the insects are unable to throw themselves readily, are often black with the multitudes which here become imprisoned. The hairs which clothe their bodies enable them to float buoyantly upon the surface of water without becoming wet. When the snow is melting so as to produce small rivulets coursing along the tracks of the lumberman’s sleigh, these snow-fleas are often observed, floating passively in its current, in such numbers as to form continuous strings ; whilst the eddies and still pools gather them in such myriads as to wholly hide the element beneath them. In the early spring the buckets and troughs of the manufacturer of maple sugar are often thronged with these insects. (Fitch.) 486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ° vot.50. Achorutes socialis is a common species in most parts of Europe. Maine.—Orono, February 18, March 6, April 15, May 6, F. L. Harvey. Norway, March 11, May 7, F. Howe, jr. Massachusetts.—Arlington, April 12, 15. Belmont, April 19, May 5. Concord, October 16, H. B. Bigelow. Winchester, Febru- ary 9, R. W. Hall. Wellesley, January 28, September 10, A. P. Ngee (Cornell Univ.). New York.—Center, J. A. aiteaer Karner, April 26, J. A. Lint- ner (N. Y. State Coll.). Otto, J. H. Comstock. Pennsylvania.—Osceola, A. D. MacGillivray. Michigan.—Agricultural College, May, R. H. Pettit. ACHORUTES HARVEYI Folsom. Plate 11, figs. 51-58. Achorutes harveyi Fousom, 1902a. ? Achorutes frigidus AXELSON, 1905b.—(AXELSON) LINNANIEMI, 1907. ? Hypogastrura frigida (AxELSON) LINNANIEMI, 1912. Dark indigo blue throughout. Eyes (fig. 51) eight on each side. Postantennal organs (fig. 52) smaller than the eyes, with four (some- times five) peripheral tubercles. Antennae slightly longer than the head, with segments as 10:13:13:20; first two segments subclavate, last two subcylindrical. Olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment. Sense-organ of third antennal segment consists of two oblong- clavate curving processes. Body elongate, abdomen subfusiform. Unguis (fig. 53) slightly curving, unidentate about one-third from the apex. Unguiculus basally suboblong, apically acuminate. One long tenent hair with bent apex. The remaining distal tibiotarsal hairs are usually bent at the tips and often minutely knobbed. Dentes (figs. 54, 55) stout, subcylindrical, apically broad and rounded, bearing dorsally two irregular rows of acutely conical teeth, usually 7 to 18 in number. Mucrones (figs. 54-56) almost one-fourth as long as dentes, similar to those of socialis inform. Anal spines (fig. 57) two, long (almost as long as the ungues), on prominent approxi- mate papillae; beside each spine is a large hair, apically blunt or feebly knobbed. Clothing (fig. 58) of simple setae. Length, 2.6 mm. Achorutes frigidus Axelson is closely allied to this species, with which it may prove to be synonymous. Maine.—Orono, F. L. Harvey. Norway, February 23, F. Howe, jr. Massachusetts.—Arlington, January 16, March 1, 10, 20, April 8, 9, 12, 30. New York.—Ithaca, April 12, A. D. MacGillivray. Maryland.—Annapolis, January 15, C. E. Munroe (M. C. Z.). No. 2184. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 487 ACHORUTES HUMI, new species. Plate 12, figs. 59-66. Purplish, yellowish, or greenish above; pigment purple, ground color pale yellow; white or pale yellow beneath; antennae purple. Eye spots black, conspicuous. Eyes (fig. 59) eight on each side. Postantennal organs (fig. 60) with four subequal peripheral tubercles. Antennae slightly shorter than the head; segments as 17:17:20:30 in relative lengths. Sense-organ of third antennal segment as in figure 61. Unguis (fig. 62) stout, without teeth or feebly unidentate one-fourth from the apex. Unguiculus long (fig. 62); basal lamella suboblong; distal half acicular. Tenent hairs 3, 3, 3, knobbed and long. Rami of tenaculum tridentate. Dens three times as long as mucro, with six dorsal setae. Mucro elongate, in form as in figures 63 and 64, with semi-elliptical outer lamella, terminating before the apex. Anal spines (fig. 65) short (less than half as long as hind ungues), stout, curving, on papillae that are shorter than the spines. Clothing of short setae, stiff or curving (fig. 66), and sparse except on the posterior part of the abdomen. Length, 0.8 mm. I have taken this species in abundance in woodlands in damp soil and among dead leaves on the ground. Urbana, Illnois, April 19, 26, May 2. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19899, U.S.N.M. ACHORUTES TULLBERGI Schiffer. Plate 12, figs. 67-73. Achorutes dubius TULLBERG, 1876.—UzxEt, 1890.—Scuotr, 1894a.—DaiA TorRE, 1895.—ScHAFFER, 1896.—Sxkorikow, 1900. Achorutes dubius, var. concolor CARPENTER, 1900. Achorutes tullbergi SCHAFFER, 1900. Achorutes tullbergi, var. concolor SCHAFFER, 1900b.—WAHLGREN, 1907. Uniform blackish blue. Eyes (fig. 67) eight on each side. Post- antennal organs (fig. 68) with four (sometimes five) peripheral tubercles. Antennae shorter than the head; segments as 6:7:9:9 in relative lengths ; sense-organ of third segment as in figure 69. Ungues (fig. 70) stout, slightly curving; Inner margin unidentate one-third from apex. Uneuiculi with setaceously prolonged outer margin and with the basal lamella suboblong on the second and third pairs of feet. Tenent hairs knobbed; 2, 3, 3, as a rule; occasionally 3, 3, 3, or 1, 8, 3. Mucrones (fig. 71) one-third dentes in length, elongate- cuneate, apically rounded, with narrow lamella. Anal spines (fig. 72) two, half as long as hind ungues, arcuate, on prominent contiguous papillae. Clothing (fig. 73) of sparse short curving setae, with longer setae on the posterior part of the abdomen. Length, 2 mm. The variety concolor of Carpenter is pigmented TREO aly while typical dubius is flecked with pigment. 488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Specimens from Massachusetts agree in all essential respects with the original brief diagnosis by Tuliberg and with the description by Carpenter, who compared his Franz-Josef specimens with Spitzbergen examples sent to him by Dr. C. Schiffer. The Massachusetts speci- mens belong to the variety concolor, but differ from Carpenter’s description and figures in having stouter antennal segments, uniden- tate ungues and straighter mucrones. I sent some of these specimens to Schiffer, who reported that they were dubius Tullberg, and changed the name to tullbergi; the name dubius having been previously used by Templeton for another species of Achorutes. I found large colonies of this species at Revere, Massachusetts, August 23 and 25, under wet boards on a salt marsh. ACHORUTES MACGILLIVRAYI, new species. Plate 138, figs. 74-81. Pale mottled blue above, pale beneath; or uniform dark blue above. Kye patches oval, remote from antennae. Eyes eight on each side. Postantennal organs (figs. 74, 75) with four or five peripheral tubercles. Antennae longer than the head, with segments as 7:8:9:20 in relative lengths. Sense-organ of third antennal segment as in figure 76. Unguis (fig. 77) feebly curving, inner margin unidentate one-third from apex. Unguiculus one-half to three-fifths as long as unguis, with broad rounded basal lamella, and with apical half acuminate. Tenent hairs knobbed, 2, 3, 3 or 8, 3, 3, the middle hair larger than the other two. Dentes subcylindrical, slender, untoothed. Mucrones (fig. 78) one-fourth dentes in length, elongate-cuneate in profile, with projecting blunt apex and dorsal subapical notch. Anal spines (figs. 79, 80) two, about as long as the lamella of an unguiculus, stout, almost straight, on large contiguous papillae. Clothing (fig. 81) of sparse minute setae, with long stiff setae on the appendages and the extremity of the abdomen. Length, 1.6 mm. This species resembles Achorutes purpurescens Lubbock, from which it differs chiefly in the form of the mucrones and unguiculi and in the type of clothing. Purpurescens, of which I have received six European specimens from Dr. Caesar Schiffer, has long stiff setae in a row across the middle of almost every body-segment which are lacking in this species. Described from numerous cotypes collected at Ithaca, New York, by Dr. A. D. MacGillivray, after whom the species is named, and sent to me some years ago by him and also by Prof. F. L. Harvey, of Orono, Maine. New York.—Ithaca, April 18, May 2, September 4, November 12, under damp leaves and on surface of standing water, A. D. MacGillivray. Illimois.—Galesburg, March, on surface of lake, J. G. Needham. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19900, U.S.N.M. No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 489 ACHORUTES VIATICUS Tullberg. Plate 13, figs. 82-88. Achorutes viaticus TULLBERG, 1872, 1876.—Scuorr, 1891b, 18940, 1896a.—REUTER, 1895.—Scuirrer, 1896, 1897, 1900b.—Liz-PETTERSEN, 1897, 1898.—ScHER- BAKOV, 1898.—CaRL, 1899, 1901.—CARPENTER and Evans, 1899.—WAHLGREN, 1899a, 1900a.—Sxorikow, 1900.—WittEeM, 1900.—BG6rNeER, 1901d.— Kravs- BAUER, 1901.—AXELSON, 1905a, 19056, 1906.—(AXELSON) LINNANIEMI, 1907.—SHOEBOTHAM, 1914. Achorutes humicola MEINERT, 1896. Hypogastrura viatica (AXELSON) LINNANIEMI, 1911, 1912. Uniform dark blue. Eyes (fig. 82), eight on each side. Post- antennal organs (fig. 83) small, scarcely larger than one of the eyes, with four or five peripheral tubercles. Antennae shorter than the head, with segments as 6:5:7:7 in relative lengths. Fourth antennal segment with four or five olfactory hairs. Abdomen shghtly dilated. Unguis (fig. 84) long, slender, feebly curving, minutely unidentate two-fifths from the apex. Unguiculus half as long as unguis; proximal half with a broad suboblong lamella; distal half acicular. Tenent hairs clavate; 3, 3, 3 or sometimes 2, 3, 3; the middle hair longer than the other two. Rami of tenaculum quadridentate. Dentes three times as long as mucrones. Mucrones (figs. 85, 86) subovate in lateral aspect, with apical third falcate and outer lamella proximally broad and rounded, distally excavate. Anal spines (fig. 87) one-fourth to two-fifths as long as hind ungues, curving, on prominent adjacent papillae, which are about one-third as long as the spines. Clothing of numerous setae (fig. 88), short and curving, or longer, stout and stiff; the latter often feebly denticulate. Length, 2mm. ‘ The tooth of the unguis is often absent. The outer lamella of the mucro varies considerably in form. This species was reported from California by Schétt) ’91b, p. 23; 96a, p. 186), who said that the specimens from that State agreed fully with those of Sweden. I have never scen North American specimens of this species; hence have made my description and figures from. 16 European examples that I have received from Dr. C. Schiffer. Achorutes viaticus is a widely distributed species, occurring through- out Europe, in Siberia, Greenland, and other Arctic localities, North America, Argentina, and subantarctic South America. California.—San Francisco, B. Eisen (Cal. Acad. Sci.). ACHORUTES GUTHRIEI, new species. Plate 14, figs. 89-94. Achorutes longispinus TULLBERG, GUTHRIE, 1903. Dark blue. Eyes, eight on each side. Postantennal organs (fig. 89) with four peripheral tubercules. Antennae shorter than the head. Sense organ of third antennal segment as in figure 90. 490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. Unguis (fig. 91) unidentate near the middle of the inner margin. Unguiculus about half as long as unguis, with rounded or suboblong basal lamella and with apical two-thirds tapering to a point. Tenent hair single, unknobbed. Mucrones two-fifths as long as dentes, almost as long as hind ungues, somewhat slipper-shaped, the outer lamella having a prominent obtuse angle, as in figure 92. Anal spines (fig. 93) long, exceeding the hind ungues in length, slender, curving, separated basally. Clothing (fig. 94) of short curving setae and short stiff hairs. Length, 1 mm. This species referred to A. longispinus Tullberg by Guthrie, is distinct from that species, as I have found by comparing 20 of Guthrie’s specimens with 6 Spitzbergen examples of longispinus given to me by Doctor Schiffer. In longispinus the mucrones are spoon-shaped and tuberculate, and the body setae differ from those of this species in form, number, and arrangement. A. guthriei is allied to A. bengtssoni Agren (’04, p. 2) in the form of the mucrones; but the latter species is olive brown, with short anal spines, apically swollen dentes, eversible sac between the third and fourth antennal segments, and other characters different from those of this species. A, guthriei is also related to but evidently distinct from 285 . Achorutes tigrina, left fore foot, & 450. . Achorutes tigrina, dens and mucro of right side, & 450. . Achorutes copiosus, left mid foot, * 350. . Achorutes copiosus, left mucro, X 840. 12. . Achorutes copiosus, anal spine, * 260. . Achorutes copiosus, dorsal setae of metathorax, & 220. . Achorutes maturus, right postantennal organ, « 840. . Achorutes maturus, sense organ of third antennal segment ofright side, < 840. . Achorutes maturus, left hind foot, 840. . Achorutes maturus, left mucro, < 840. . Achorutes maturus, right mucro, 840. . Achorutes maturus, anal spine, X 840. . Achorutes maturus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 260. Achorutes copiosus, right mucro, X 840. PLATE 9. . Achorutes brevispinus, right postantennal organ, < 1640. . Achorutes brevispinus, right postantennal organ, & 1120. . Achorutes brevispinus, left fore foot, « 422. 5. Achorutes brevispinus, right mucro, X 1120. . Achorutes brevispinus, right mucro, * 1120. . Achorutes brevispinus, anal spine, < 504. . Achorutes brevispinus, dorsal setae, X 346. . Achorutes packardi, right postantennal organ, * 1120. . Achorutes packardi, right hind foot, 520. . Achorutes packardi, left dens and mucro, X 520. . Achorutes packardi, left anal spine, X 386. . Achorutes packardi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, X 386. PLATE 10. . Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, left hind foot, & 290. 5. Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, lateral aspect of left mucro, X 390 . Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, lateral aspect of left mucro, « 390. Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, lateral aspect of left mucro, x 390. . Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, dorso-lateral aspect of right mucro, X 390. 39. . Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, left anal spine, X 82. 41. Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, dorsal aspect of right mucro, < 390. Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, X 110. Achorutes socialis, eyes of left side, 260. Achorutes socialis, right postantennal organ, & 840. Achorutes socialis, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of right side, X 260. 45. Achorutes socialis, sense organ of third antennal segment of left side, X 840. 46. Achorutes socialis, right hind foot, « 580. i i No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 521 PuaTeE 11. Fia. 47. Achorutes socialis, left dens and mucro, X 350. 48, Achorutes socialis, dorsal aspect of right mucro, & 365. 49. Achorutes socialis, left anal spine, < 110. 50. Achorutes socialis, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 110. 51. Achorutes harveyi, eyes of left side, x 290. 52. Achorutes harveyi, right postantennal organ, & 840. 53. Achorutes harveyi, left hind foot, K 365. 54. Achorutes harveyi, lateral aspect of left dens and mucro, X 365. 55. Achorutes harveyi, dorso-lateral aspect of left dens and mucro, X 365. 56. Achorutes harveyi, dorsal aspect of right mucro, X 580. 57. Achorutes harveyi, left anal spine, 365. 58. Achorutes harveyi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 82. PLATE 12. Fra. 59. Achorutes humi, eyes of right side, & 840. 60. Achorutes humi, right postantennal organ, X 1230. 61. Achorutes humi, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, X 840. 62. Achorutes humi, left hind foot, « 840. 63. Achorutes hum, left mucro, K 1230. 64. Achorutes humi, right mucro, < 1230. 65. Achorutes humi, anal spine, * 1230. 66. Achorutes humi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, & 350. 67. Achorutes tullbergi, eyes of right side, 415. 68. Achorutes tullbergi, right postantennal organ, & 1230. 69. Achorutes tullbergi, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, x 1230. 70. Achorutes tullbergi, right hind foot, « 840. 71. Achorutes tullbergi, right mucro, X 840. 72. Achorutes tullbergi, left anal spine, X 350. 73. Achorutes lulibergi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, *X 350. PLATE 13. Fria. 74. Achorutes macgillivrayi, left postantennal organ, X 1230. 75. Achorutes macgillivrayi, right postantennal organ, < 840. 76. Achorutes macgillivrayi, sense organ of third antennal segment of left side, * 840. 77. Achorutes macgillivrayi, left hind foot, « 490. 78. Achorutes macgillivrayi, left mucro, < 840. 79. Achorutes macgillivrayi, anal spine, < 490. 80. Achorutes macgillivrayi, anal spines, X 350. §1. Achorutes, macgillivrayi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, X 110. 82. Achorutes viaticus, eyes of left side, « 260. 3. Achorutes viaticus, right postantennal organ, < 840. 84. Achorutes viaticus, left hind foot, 276. 85. Achorutes viaticus, right mucro, X 350. 86. Achorutes vialicus, left mucro, X 450. 7. Achorutes viaticus, anal spine, X 350. 88. Achorutes viaticus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, < 110. 522 Fig. Fig. Fie. 89 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. Of. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. a 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. Ts 118. 119° 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50, PLATE 14. . Achorutes guthrie?, left postantennal organ, 840. Achorutes quthriei, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, « 840. Achorutes guthriei, left fore foot, < 840. Achorutes guthriei, right mucro, 840. Achorutes guthriei, anal spine, 260. Achorutes guthriei, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, X 520. Achorutes pseudarmatus, eyes and postantennal organ of left side, & 260. Achorutes pseudarmatus, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of left side, X 490. Achorutes pseudarmatus, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, x 840. Achorutes pseudarmatus, right hind foot, 735. Achorutes pseudarmatus, lateral aspect of left mucro, < 840. Achorutes pseudarmatus, dorsal aspect of left mucro, & 840. PuatTe 15. Achorutes pseudarmatus, anal spine, X 260. Achorutes pseudarmatus, anal spine, * 490. Achorutes pseudarmatus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 260. Achorutes armatus, eyes and postantennal organ of left side, x 397. Achorutes armatus, right postantennal organ, * 840. Achorutes armatus, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of right side, x 490. Achorutes armatus, sense organ of third antennal segment of rightside, 840. Achorutes armatus, eversible sac of left antenna, X 260. Achorutes armatus, left hind foot, * 840. Achorutes armatus, unguis, showing lateral teeth, 840. Achorutes armatus, lateral aspect of left mucro, X 840. Achorutes armatus, lateral aspect of right mucro, < 840. Achorutes armatus, dorsal aspect of right mucro, < 840. Prate 16. Achorutes armatus, anal spine, 260. Achorutes armatus, anal spine, X 364. Achorutes armatus, anal spines, 260. Achorutes armatus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 260. Achorutes glasgow, left postantennal organ, X 1230. Achorutes glasgowi, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of left side, x 490. Achorutes glasgowi, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, X 1230. Achorutes glasgowi, right hind foot, 735. Achorutes glasgowi, dorsal aspect of furcula, X 350. Achorutes glasgowi, lateral aspect of right mucro, < 840. Achorutes glasgowi, dorsal aspect of left mucro, 840. Achorutes glasgowi, anal spines, X 1230. Achorutes glasgowi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 260. No. 2134, Fic. Fia. Fie. 127. 128. 129. 180. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144, 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151: 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 5238 PLATE 17. Achorutes uniunguiculatus, eyes of left side, & 350. Achorutes uniunguiculatus, left postantennal organ, & 1230. Achorutes uniunguiculatus, sense organ of third antennal segment of left side, X 1230. . Achorutes uniunguiculatus, right hind foot, 840. Achorutes uniunguiculatus, left dens and mucro, X 350. Achorutes uniunguiculatus, left mucro, < 840. Achorutes uniunguiculatus, left mucro, < 840. Achorutes uniunguiculatus, anal spines, X 840. Achorutes uniunguiculatus, lateral aspect of left anal spine, & 1230. Achorutes uniunguiculatus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, & 350. Xenylla humicola, eyes of left side, X 268. Xenylla humicola, left fore foot, * 470. Xenylla humicola, left dens and mucro, X 260. Xenylla humicola, left mucro, * 1230. Xenylla humicola, left mucro, * 840. Xenylla humicola, anal spines, X 470. PLATE 18. Xenylla baconae, sense organ of third antennal segment of left side, X 1230. Xenylla baconae, right hind foot, * 840. Xenylla baconae, left aspect of furcula, X 260. Xenylla baconae, left mucro, 840. Xenylla baconae, anal spines, X 350. Xenylla baconae, anal spine, X 840. Xenylla buconae, dorsal setae of mesonotum, 260. Xenylla welchi, sense organ of third antennal segment of left side, & 840. Xenylla welchi, right hind foot, 840. Xenylla welchi, left aspect of furcula, 350. Xenylla welchi, left dens and mucro, X 840. Xenylla welchi, left mucro, * 1230. Xenylla welchi, anal spines, X 350. Xenylla welchi, anal spine, 840. Xenylla welchi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 350, PLATE 19. Xenylla gracilis, extremity of abdomen (from Guthrie). Xenylla gracilis, anal spines (from Guthrie). Xenylla gracilis, eyes of right side (from Guthrie), e Xenylla gracilis, furcula (from Guthrie). Xenylla maritima, left mid foot, « 840. Xenylla maritima, left dens and mucro, X 840. Xenylla maritima, anal spines, X 840. Xenylla maritima, anal spine, * 1230. Xenylla maritima, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 260. Friesea caldaria, anal spines (from Guthrie). Friesea caldaria, anal spine (from Guthrie). Pseudachorutes aureofasciatus, eyes and postantennal organ of left side, X 450. Pseudachorutes aureofasciatus, dorsal aspect of head, X 86. Pseudachorutes aureofasciatus, left fore foot, K 480. Pseudachorutes aureofasciatus, mucro, * 450. Pseudachorutes aw eofasciatus, modified hair, X 280. 524 Fic. Fic. Fia. 174, 175. 176. Vat: 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. LO 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. NOG 198. 99) 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 20%. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. PLATE 20. Pseudachorutes complexus, eyes of left side, X 140. Pseudachorutes complexus, left postantennal organ, & 450. Pseudachorutes complexus, dorsal aspect of left antenna, & 45. Pseudachorutes complexus, buccal cone, < 54. Pseudachorutes complecus, right hind foot, X 140. Pseudachorutes complexus, left dens and mucro, X 200. Pseudachorutes complexus, dorsal setae of third abdominal segment, X 54. Pseudachorutes lunatus, eyes and postentennal organ of left side, x 290. Pseudachorutes lunatus, left postantennal organ, X 840. Pseudachorutes lunatus, left fore foot, 840. Pseudachorutes lunatus, right dens and mucro, X 350. Pseudachorutes lunatus, left mucro, < 840. Pseudachorutes lunatus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 290. PLATE 2]. Odontella ewingt, eyes of right side, 260. Odontella ewingi, right postantennal organ, < 840. Odontella ewingi, spine from head, * 840. Odontella ewingi, ventral aspect of head, X 46. Odontella ewingi, right fore leg, * 125. Odontella ewingi, right fore foot, 350. Odontella ewingi, unguis, showing lateral teeth, 350. Odontella ewingi, dorsal aspect of dentes and mucrones, 260. Odontella ewingt dorsal setae of metathorax, X 260. Odontella ewingi, integumentary tubercles at end of abdomen, right side, x 260. Odontella ewingi, cuticular pattern, < 840. PLATE 22. Anurida maritima, eyes and postantennal organ of right side, X 142. Anurida maritima, left postantennal organ, 1230. Anurida maritima, sense organ of third antennal segment of left side, 840. Anurida maritima, left hind foot, 260. Anurida maritima, dorsal setae of second abdominal segment, X 82. Anurida tullbergi, postantennal organ (after Carl). Anurida tullbergi, olfactory hairs of left antenna (after Keren). Anurida tullbergi, unguis (after Carl). Anurida amorita, eyes and postantennal organ of right side, X 150. Anurida amorita, left postantennal organ, X 325. Anurida amorita, right postantennal organ, X 325. Anurida amorita, dorsal aspect of right antennal organ, X 275. Anurida amorita, left mid foot, * 150. Anurida amorita, right fore foot, 225. Anurida granaria, left postantennal organ, X 567. Anurida granaria, right postantennal organ, oblique aspect, 567. Anurida granaria, right fore foot, X 474. Paranura caeca, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of right side, X 260. Paranura caeca, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, X 840. no. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 525 Fia. 217. 218. 219. 220. 1. Paranura caeca, dorsal seta of first abdominal segment, X 85. . Neanura muscorum, eyes of left side, X 197. . Neanura muscorum, left fore foot, < 260. . Neanura muscorum, tubercle of head, X 197. . Neanura muscorum, maxilla, X 840. . Neanura gigantea, eyes of left side , x 95. . Neanura gigantea, left postantennal organ, X 325. . Neanura gigantea, hind foot, X 74. . Neanura magna, diagram of tubercles of fourth and fifth abdomina: seg- Fia. Fia. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. PLATE 23. Paranura cacca, mandible, X 1230. Paranura caeca, maxilla, X 1230. Paranura cacca, right fore foot, * 460. Paranura cacca, left hind foot, X 525. ments, X 23. . Neanura magna, left hind foot, < 240. Puate 24. Neanura serrata, eyes of right side, X 260. Neanura serrata, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of left side, x 490. Neanura serrata, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, X 840. Neanura serrata, right hind foot, X 260. Neanura serrata, serrate seta, X 260. Neanura ornata, head; eyes indicated by e, e, e, X 74. Neanura ornata, left antenna, X 95. Neanura ornata, ventral aspect of head, X 45. Neanura ornata, metanotal setae, X 325. Neanura ornata, left fore foot, * 275. PLATE 25. Neanura quadrioculata, dorsal aspect of head, 85. Neanura quadrioculata, eyes of left side, X 490. Neanura quadrioculata, olfactory hairs of right antenna, X 490. Neanura quadrioculata, ventral aspect of head, X 85. Neanura quadrioculata, left hind foot, X 735. Podura aquatica, eyes of left side, X 260. Podura aquatica, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, X 460. Podura aquatica, left foot, * 260. Podura aquatica, left aspect of tenaculum, X 377. Podura aquatica, right mucro, * 490. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 7 NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 519, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 8 — NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE. en sel fonnesrl een FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 520. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL 50 PL. 9 NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 520. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 10 3E 44 NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 520. a 7 / ont eel GE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 11 NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 521. ee: U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 12 OO y, oO?) 09>), 00>) 0° ys Lp ee ae: AAA AAAAAD c lone. 193° 93790" He 2o6 fathoms; gn. M. S.; temperature 53.3° F.; Aug. 19, 1909; station 5538, Albatross. Holotype.—Large male. Cat. No. 47821, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Length of carapace, 59; length of carapace to rostral sinus, 48.2; width of carapace, 53; length of lateral gastric spine, 20.2. Belongs to the group having a spine on upper margin of orbit. Carapace very rough with sharp granules and covered with short hair. The lateral gastric spines are by far the largest spines of the carapace; the outer spine of the orbit is next in size, and the bran- chial spine, the median gastric spine, and the upper orbital spine are next. Still smaller are the two cardiac spines, while there is NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 538 a small spine or spinule on the intestinal region and several of the same on the branchial regions, especially on the margin. The large gastric spines are in a plane nearly parallel with that of the rostrum and are slightly divergent from each other. There is a strong ridge leading from it to the outer margin of the outer spine of the orbit; from this ridge a secondary ridge curves around to the posterior hepatic spine. The eyes have slender stalks and a large acute tubercle on the anterior side of the extremity. The basal segment of the antenna is armed with three downward pointing spines of which two are on the outer margin; the spine at the anterior angle is directed obliquely forward; two succeeding segments with a few sharp tu- bercles or granules on the under surface; third segment about four times as long as wide. Manus of chelipeds very elongate, about three times as long as its greatest height and increasing in height from the proximal to the distal end; its spines are large at the base but acuminate at the tips. Fixed finger strongly inclined; the fingers gape moderately, and three or four teeth near the base of the dactylus are united in a submolar; the proximal two-fifths of the upper surface of the dactylus is spinulous. First two legs heavily armed; third and fourth pairs have two rows of small, slender spines on the lower side of the merus; ter- minal spine on all the merus joints long; dactyli with several fringes of short hair. First, second, and sixth segments of abdomen with one median spine; seventh segment with a spine each side of the middle, while the other segments have two spines each side of the middle; there is also a spine near the outer margin on all the segments save the first. Sixth segment a little wider than long, a forward-projecting lobe at distal corners. This species has much in common with C. goodridget McArdle; but the latter has no supraorbital spine; the lateral gastric spines are directed strongly outward; the eyes are more robust; the movable segments of the antennal peduncle are armed with spines; the last two legs have no spines on the under side of the merus joints. CYRTOMAIA ECHINATA, new species. Type-locality —Between Leyte and Mindanao: San Ricardo Point (Panaon Island), S. 50° E., 11.2 miles; lat. 10° 02’ 45’’ N.; long. 125° 05’ 33” E.; 732 fathoms; gn. M.; temperature 52.3° F.; July 31, 1909; station 5487, Albatross. 1Tlus. Zool. Investigater, Crust., part 10, 1902, pl. 59, figs. 1-1c; part 12, 1907, pl. 78, figs. 2, 2a. - 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Lolotype.—Uarge female. Cat. No. 47805, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Length of carapace to tips of rostral horns, 63.3; to rostral sinus, 53.7; width of carapace, spines excluded, 60.7; length of lateral gastric spine, 22; length of cheliped, 140; length of manus (upper margin), 39; greatest width of manus, 8.3; least width of manus, 5.8; length of first leg, 260; of second, 205; of third, 175; of fourth, 172. The roughest species of Cyrtomaia known. Carapace covered with spines and spinules. Of the larger spines the gastric pair are by far the longest; they are very slender, slightly arched, and are directed forward in a plane nearly parallel with that of the rostral horns. The posterior median gastric spine and two spines on each branchial region of about the same size form an irregular transverse line. Of equal length is the spine at the outer angle of the orbit. The two cardiac spines are nearly as long. Lesser spines though of fair size are: One on each of the postero-lateral margins of the rectangu- lar gastric field, one median almost in the middle of that field, one on the posterior part of the branchial region, and of the hepatic region. Of the smaller remaining spines there are many conspicuous ones below the gastric pair and a row above the branchial margin at the widest part of the carapace; of this size is the spine on the upper margin of the orbit and the one on the intestinal region. Two still smaller spines are on the posterior margin of the carapace either side of the middle. A prominent ridge runs from the long gastric spine to the hepatic region, thence to the inner hepatic spine. There is a * spinule on the margin of the inner orbital lobe. The rostral horns are slender, a little longer than the interantennular spine, and are widely separated at base and slightly divergent. Kye-stalk rather slender, bearing a bilobed tubercle near the ex- tremity. Basal segment of antenna armed with 4 or 5 slender spines; the second spine from the distal end is near the inner margin; the two movable segments of the peduncle have a few minute spinules. Chelipeds (of female) armed with numerous slender spines, the Jongest of which are in two rows bordering the inner surface of the merus, in the inner row on the upper border of the manus and in the outer row of the lower border. Gape of fingers narrow, confined to proximal half; prehensile teeth low. First and second pairs of legs strongly armed, the longest spines forming a double comb on the propodus and dactylus of the first pair. Last two pairs furnished with a few small spines, scattered on all the articles of the third leg except the dactylus, but confined in the fourth leg to the proximal half or two-thirds of the merus, with a spine or two on the carpus. In all the trunk legs the distal spine on the merus is long and there is a spine on the ventral surface of the coxa. Es NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 535 On the sternum of the female there is a spine at the base of the cheliped and of the first leg, three spines in a triangle in front of the abdomen, and several spinules. Abdomen covered with spines and spinules. C. echinata can be distinguished from all other species by the numerous spines and spinules of the carapace, abdomen, and basal joint of antenna. The carapace is much narrower than that of C. murray?, which it most nearly resembles. ACHZZOPSIS SULUENSIS, new species. Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta Island (N.), N. 82° W., 1.4 miles; lat. 5° 11’ 50’’ N.; long. 119° 54’ E.; 10 fathoms; co. 8.; Feb. 21, 1908; station 5159, Albatross. Holotype-—K¥emale. Cat. No. 48203, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Length of carapace to end of rostrum, 3.7; width of carapace, 3.3. A very broad, subtriangular species, rostrum short, hepatic region laterally prominent and situated not far behind the eye. Two large, flat-topped, median spines, one gastric, one cardiac; a small tubercle on posterior slope of latter. Margins of hepatic and branchial re- gions denticulate or spinulous. A row of pterygostomian tubercles. Rostrum divided into two short triangular teeth. Supraorbital margin raised, very oblique, entire. Behind it are two small spinules, the second of which represents the postocular spine. Eye-stalks long and rather slender, a small tubercle at end above, a broad tubercle on anterior margin and a narrower, sharper one below and nearer the base. Basal antennal segment very narrow and in ventral view very oblique. Py The feet are so interlaced and so brittle that they can not be measured. Palms twice as long as broad and dilated at middle. First ambulatory leg missing; second leg about twice as long as carapace; last one about 6 mm. long; in all the dactylus is long and very slender, nearly straight in its proximal two-thirds, slightly curved at the extremity. Each of the six segments of the female abdomen has an acute tubercle at the middle. Felationship—tIn the large median spines this species suggests A. superciliaris Ortmann? from Japanese waters, but that species has other dorsal spines which are lacking in ours, and the rostrum and orbital region are more elongate. 1 Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 15, pl. 3, fig. 1. 2 Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 36, pl. 3, figs. 3, 3a. 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Subfamily ACANTHON Y CHIN &. PELTINIA SUBLIMIS, new species. Type-locality—Near Jolo: Jolo Light, S. 37° E., 0.7 mile; lat. 6° 04’ 20’’ N.; long. 120° 59’ 20’’ E..; 22 fathoms; 8. Sh.; Feb. 14, 1908; station 5136, Albatross. Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48247, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Length of carapace to end of rostrum, 11.7; width across front and orbits, 5.6; width between antero-lateral angles, 13.5; width between postero-lateral angles, 12.8. A large part of the carapace is occupied by the lateral wings which extend from the orbit nearly to the posterior margin and are divided, not very deeply, into two very unequal parts. These wings, which are outwardly ascending, are separated from the body proper by a shallow furrow. The mesogastric and the cardiac region are each surmounted by a blunt, conical elevation, the latter the higher; each protogastric lobe bears a low elevation forming an equilateral tri- angle with the mesogastric tubercle. The posterior margin has a thin, narrow, suberect border. While the surface appears smooth to the naked eye, it is really microscopically granulate. Rostrum deflexed and cut halfway back into two small triangular teeth sepa- rated by a triangular sinus. On either side is a larger subtriangular preorbital tooth, in the postero-lateral angle of which is cut the small semicircular orbital margin. Eye immovable, very little of it visible from above; seen from below the eye-stalk appears flat and about one and a half times as long as wide; pigment dull-colored in alcohol. Anterior margin of antero-lateral wing sinuous, with a sinus near the angle and a faint trace of a tooth at the inner fourth. Basal segment of antenna distally tapering and having a very small tooth at the outer distal angle; next two segments slender, the second one and a half times as long as the third; the flagellum is subequal in length to the free peduncular segments and exceeds the rostrum. Buccal cavity very small, widening a little distally; exognath of maxillipeds half as wide as ischium of endognath* merus wider than ischium, expanded at the antero-external angle. Chelipeds a little longer than carapace; merus, carpus, and manus eristate above, merus with a terminal tooth, carpus with tubercle on inner surface, dactylus bicristate above; fingers with a wide gape in proximal half, a large tooth on the dactylus, in the gape; meeting edges dentate. The legs diminish rapidly in length; their margins are cristate; merus and carpus each with a large tooth at end of upper margin; propodus with a smaller subterminal tooth, and in the first pair with a still smaller tooth at the middle; in the first pair the merus also has a small tooth at the middle. Tai a a ti i tii et ie NO, 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 5387 Differs from P. nodulosa Dana‘ in having the antero-lateral wing of the carapace much larger, the rostrum smaller, basal antennal segment narrower, legs wider and more strikingly toothed, especially the carpus. ANTILIBINIA GILLOLOENSIS, new gpecies. Lype-locality—Between Gillolo and Makyan Islands: Makyan Tstand ‘(3.); N. 67° W., 8.9 miles; lat. 0° 12’ 15’7 N.; Jong. 127° 29’ 30’” E.; 288 fathoms; fne. S. M.; November 29, 1909; station 5624, Albatross. Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48205, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length of carapace in median line, 12.8; width of carapace, 10.3; length of rostrum, 1; length of cheliped, 22; hand, length above, 5.3; width, 4.7; length of dactylus, 5.3; length of first leg, 20.4; of second, 19.2; of third, 17; of fourth, 14. The surface, except of the chele, is closely covered with a short spherical pubescence, among which are thinly scattered, longish, thin hairs. Carapace swollen, regions plainly indicated and nearly smooth; branchial region with a furrow parallel to the posterior margin and two subdivisions along its inner margin. Rostrum cut more than halfway to its base, sinus V-shaped, horns longer than wide, acute, outer margin convex, inner margin a little concave. Pre- orbital hood projecting sideways a little beyond basal antennal seg- ment, and ending anteriorly in an acute tooth whose outer margin is longitudinal, anterior margin oblique. Postocular tooth conical, blunt-pointed, directed forward and shghtly outward. Hepatic tooth much smaller, acute, higher up on the carapace. No branchial teeth. A band of tubercles and granules on the pterygostomian and subbranchial regions. Eye almost immovable, large at its base, but the part dorsally visible is small, not so produced laterally as the postocular tooth; cornea light brown in alcohol. Basal antennal segment anteriorly narrowed and longitudinally furrowed; a small, sharp, antero- lateral tooth is visible dorsally in front of the preorbital tooth. The first movable segment is longer and much stouter than the next one, which reaches less than half its length beyond the rostrum. The buccal cavity is shaped much as in A. smithii M’Leay,? but the long joint of the exognath is anteriorly acuminate, the merus of the endognath is obliquely produced in a rounded lobe, and the sinus at the inner angle is more rectangular. Right cheliped (only one present) stout; merus triangular in cross-section, upper margin bearing a small terminal tooth and on its proximal half two tubercles; lower outer margin with two very 1Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., 1852, p. 131; atlas, 1855, pl. 5, figs. 8a, 8b. 2Sce Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., 1845, pl. 3, fig. 4. 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. low tubercles followed proximally by a large tubercle, between which and the end of the merus the lower surface is hollowed out so that when the cheliped is flexed there is a gape at that point. The carpus has three blunt, longitudinal ridges, the uppermost one most prominent and proximally produced and angled. Manus smooth, somewhat compressed, upper and lower margins convex. Fingers deflexed, pointed, prehensile edges gaping in their basal three-fifths and roughened with irregular crenulations; two pits on the outer surface of each, one at the base, one near the middle. Legs subcylindrical, unarmed; dactyli slender, moderately curved, horny tips ight amber-colored. Sternum and abdomen smooth, wider than in A. smithiis Relationship—The only other species of the genus is A. smithii M’Leay,? from Natal, which is of large size and much rougher and has two branchial teeth or spines. PUGETTIA MINDANAOENSIS, new species. Type-locality—Off Northern Mindanao: Tagolo Light, 8. 75° W., 12.5 miles; lat. 8° 47’ 15’” N.; long. 123° 35’ 00’’ E.; 162 fathoms: S.; temperature, 54.5° F.; Aug. 20, 1909; station 5543, Albatross. Holotype-—Female. Cat. No. 48208, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Length of carapace on median line, 11.3; of ros- tral horns, 3.6; width of carapace without spines, 7.6 mm. Regions of carapace for the most part smoothly rounded; a dis- tinct areola tipped with a tubercle at the inner angle of the branchial region; a curved areola either side of the cardiac region; branchial spine of moderate size, conical, sharp, pointing directly outward; hepatic spine small, conical, sharp, pointing a little upward and a little forward; intestinal region produced backward in a conical protuberance which overhangs the posterior margin; a tubercle on the anterior part of the subbranchial region, and a row of three tubercles on the pterygostomian region. Preorbital hood ending an- teriorly in a short acute tooth; postocular cup high and very con- cave. Horns horizontal, moderately divergent, acuminate. Basal segment of antenna with outer margin nearly straight, a small, sharp tooth at anterior angle, pointing obliquely outward and forward. Cheliped very little stouter than legs, as long as carapace and one- third of rostrum; palm a little swollen, its upper length about one and three-fourths times its height and not much greater than length of dactylus. First ambulatory leg exceeding cheliped by length of dactylus and three-fourths of propodus. 1 See Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., 1845, pl. 3, fig. 4c. 2In Smith, Illus. Zool. 8. Africa, Annulosa, 1838, p. 57. No. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 539 Relationship.—In general appearance resembles P. minor Ort- mann,' from Japanese waters, but there is no cardiac spine, a much smaller hepatic spine, and less prominent orbits. PUGETTIA LEYTENSIS, new species. Type-locality— Between Leyte and Cebu: Capitancillo Island Light, S. 46° W., 15.7 miles; lat. 11° 10’ N.; long. 124° 17’ 15”’ E.; 182 fathoms; gn. M.; temperature, 55.7° F.; Mar. 16, 1909; station 5403, Albatross. Holotype. Ovigerous female. Cat. No. 48209, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, spines ex- cluded, 19.3; length of horns, 4.8; width of carapace, spines excluded, 13.2; width, spines included, 16. Carapace with six spines: one stout, blunt, at summit of conical cardiac area; one short, erect, on posterior margin; one long, sub- cylindrical, pointing outward and a little forward and upward, on each hepatic region; and one shorter, stouter, more conical, directed outward and a little upward, on the branchial region. Rostral horns very divergent, making an angle of about 70° and curved outward. Preorbital lobe bluntly toothed anteriorly; postocular cup bluntly pointed in dorsal view. Surface covered with a very short, dense, circular pubescence, with lines of long hair on the gastric region and on the lateral margin between the spines, The basal seement of the antenna has a blunt tooth at the antero- external angle, but no tooth or tubercle on the external margin. Chelipeds as long as carapace minus rostrum; merus with a distal spine and a spine at proximal third of upper margin, and two tubercles on lower outer margin; carpus with obtuse ridge ending behind in a tubercle; fingers narrowly gaping. The merus of the ambulatory legs has a few tufts of hair, the carpus is enlarged distally. The long, cylindrical, hepatic spine sufficiently distinguishes this species from all others of the genus. Subfamily PISIN®. SPHENOCARCINUS LUZONICUS, new species. Type-locality—Kast coast of Luzon: San Bernardino Light, S. ot W.. 1) miles: lat. 12° 55° 26 N.s Tong. 124° 20° 12" Eis 195 fathoms; Sh.; temperature 59.3° F.; June 24, 1909; station 5475, Albatross. HHolotype-—Male. Cat. No. 48210, U.S.N.M. Measurements —Length of carapace on median line, 20.6; length of rostrum, 10.5; extreme width of carapace, 19; width without ex- crescences, 13. 1 Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 44. 540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. Carapace subtriangular, with a long rostrum of two divergent spines, equal to half the length of the remainder of the carapace; surface deeply channeled so as to leave 17 smooth, thinly setose, raised islets, as follows: One elongate-oval on the gastric region; one trans- versely subcircular, on the cardiac region; one in the shape of a Cupid’s bow along the posterior border; two narrowly subtriangular on each branchial region, the point of the triangles directed outward and extending laterally beyond the line of the carapace, especially so in the case of the posterior of these two islets; an L-shaped hepatic and postocular islet; one semilunar preorbital; one oval subhepatic; - two subbranchial, one of which is oval, the other elongate-spatulate. A tubercle in front of the gastric islet and either side of the cardiac islets; they and the channels are densely setose. Chelipeds stouter than ambulatory legs and nearly as long as cara- pace and rostrum; merus very bluntly angled above, carpus with two blunt crests above, manus with one; manus tapering distally; fingers meeting at the tips, dactylus with an enlarged tooth at base. .Of the ambulatory legs the first is much the longest, exceeds the cheliped by the dactylus and nearly half the propodus; legs subcylindrical, carpal segments with a longitudinal depression. Relationship.—Very much like S. stimpsoni (Miers), except that the branchial islet is divided inte two and the merus joints of cheliped and legs are not sharply cristate as in that species. . SPHENOCARCINUS AURITUS, new species. ‘Type-locality—FEast coast of Luzon: Atalaya Point, Batag Island, S. 65° E., 5.1 miles; lat. 12° 43’ 51’” N.; long. 124° 58” 50” E.; 308 fathoms; gn. M.; temperature 45.3° F.; station 5444, Albatross. Tolotype-——Ovigerous female. Cat. No. 48211, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Entire length of carapace, 17.3; length of rostrum, 3.3; greatest width of carapace, 11.4. Carapace and rostrum subtriangular, the rostrum shorter than in any other species of the genus and composed of two flattened, some- what ear-shaped horns which are contiguous nearly to the tips. Channels of the carapace covered with low, spherical setze and some lines of longer, curved hairs. Islets flattened and 14 in number as follows: One gastric, longitudinal, oblong with a little transverse piece joined to the rear; one cardiac and intestinal in the form of a large T with the ends of the crosspiece curved backward and inward; on either side of this, one narrow-subspatulate, and parallel to the post-lateral margin of the carapace; one branchial, elongate, irregu- lar, following lateral margin of carapace and touching the hepatic- 1 Orypleurodon stimpsoni Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. Az 1886, p. 38, pl. 6, figs. 1—1e. No. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. Bee postocular islet, which is subcircular with a notch in the inner mar- gin; one lunate preorbital islet; an elongate islet on the subbranchial and on the subhepatic region. Chelipeds of female stouter than ambulatory legs and as long as carapace; upper margin of merus and manus subparallel; fingers narrowly gaping. First ambulatory leg exceeding cheliped by half the length of dactylus; legs cylindrical. Differs from all other species by the pattern on the carapace and the short rostrum. SPHENOCARCINUS NODOSUS, new species. Type-locality—Between Negros and Siquijor: Apo Island (C.), S. 26° W., 11.8 miles; lat. 9° 15’ 45’” N.; long. 123° 22’ 00’’ E.; 279 fathoms; gn. M.; temperature 53.5° F.; Ae 19, 1909; station 5536, Albatross. Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48212, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length of carapace in median line, 22; length of rostral horns, 4.3; width of carapace exclusive of tubercles, 16.2; same, inclusive of cube cles, 18.5. Gamipace ovate-triangular, densely covered with a coating of acute hairs, and ornamented with coud knobs or tubercles of which there are eight of large size and seven of small size; the large ones are as follows: Four in a short cross in the middle of the carapace, of which two are median, gastric and cardiac respectively, and two are anterior branchial; a larger tubercle at the outer angle of each branchial region, and, largest of all, an oblong, nearly vertical excrescence nearly covering the hepatic region. The pubescence is shorter on the two lateral tubercles. The small tubercles are as follows: Two lateral gastric; two on each branchial region, one close in front of the large tubercle, one on each side of the cardiac region; and one intestinal. On the subbranchial region there is a suberect, semioval, laminar lobe or excrescence, with a narrow white edge. A similar, but smaller, narrow, right-angled area is on the pterygostomian region. Preorbital hood very oblique and terminating anteriorly in an acute angle; it is separated by a smal] U-shaped sinus from the postocular cup which is well-developed, especially below. Basal antennal segment narrow, curved, diminishing distally, unarmed. Rostral horns horizontal, with outer margins parallel, interspace V-shaped. Chelipeds long and massive, two-thirds again as long as carapace; margins of three-sided merus blunt, unarmed; carpus with two blunt crests above and a tooth on the proximal half of inner margin; manus narrowing distally, with margins proximally thin; fingers dentate, with a large tooth at base of dactylus, a wide gape in basal 549 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. half. Ambulatory legs cylindrical, pubescent, the first pair one- fourth longer than cheliped. Relationship.—Closely related to S. carbunculus Rathbun? from the Hawaiian Islands; in carbunculus, however, there are nine sub- equal prominences on the hinder part of the carapace, the intestinal and posterior branchial nodules being as large as the others; the hepatic nodule is fused with the postocular, while in nodosus these nodules are separate and very unequal in thickness. HYASTENUS TRISPINOSUS, new species. Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta Island (N.), N. 82° W., 1.4 miles; lat. 5° 11’ 50’” N.; Jong. 119° 54’ E.; 10 fathoms; co. 8.3 Feb. 21, 1908; station 5159, Albatross. Holotype.—Male. Cat. No. 48213, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Length on median line without spine, 10.9; length of rostral horns, 5.4; width without spines, 7.8; width with spines, 9.7. A subtriangular carapace with three spines, one of which is median just above the posterior margin, nearly erect, curved, acute, the other two at the branchial angles, longer, slenderer, directed outward and strongly upward, curved, with tip hooked forward. A low median tubercle on the gastric and on the cardiac region; a large gastric tubercle near the orbital sinus, and in the same horizontal line a very small one, nearer the middle. A branchial tubercle on the lobe in the angle between cardiac and intestinal regions; another much farther forward near the margin. Three very large pterygostomian tubercles besides the one formed by the projecting angle of the buccal cavity. Rostral horns slender, moderately divergent, horizontal, acuminate. Preorbital lobe with a well-developed anterior tooth; in front of it shows the narrow spine of the antennal segment. Orbital sinus very small and rounded; outside it, the anterior margin of the postocular cup is concave. The basal antennal segment bears on its outer margin beside the distal spine, a large lobe at the middle, and far back a small tubercle. Chelipeds slender, as long as carapace and one-third the rostrum; the specimen is perhaps not fully mature. Manus not enlarged; fingers with a very narrow gape at base. The more distal spines of the dactyli of the ambulatory legs are of good size. Relationships—Near IT. diacanthus (de Haan)? and 7. spiriosus A. Milne Edwards;* the median gastric tubercle in trispinosus is farther forward than in diacanthus and occupies the position of the anterior of the two spines in spinosus,; but the most striking differ- 1 Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, 1906, p. 879, pl. 14, fig. 6. 2 Pisa (Nawvia) diacantha de Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1838, pl. 24, fig. 1; 1889, pl. 96 and pl. G. 8 Nouy. Arch, Mus, Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 8, 1872, p. 250. NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 543 ence lies in the presence of the long (for //yastenus) spines of the posterior carapace; the related species also have no antennal spine. HYASTENUS AUCTUS, new species. T'ype-locality.—Near Siasi, Sulu Archipelago: Sirun Island (N.), S. 80° W., 3.8 miles; lat. 5° 35’ 40’ N.; long. 120° 47’ 30” E.; 17 fathoms; co. S.; Feb. 16, 1908; station 5148, Albatross. [olotype—Male. Cat. No. 48214, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length on median line, 21; length of rostral horns, 12.2; width of carapace without spines, 14; width with spines, 15.2. Gastric region very high, conical, rising to a subacute apex or tubercle; cardiac region a little less high, smoothly rounded; intes- tinal region with a short, conical, subacute spine. A stout, pointed spine at the branchial angle, directed outward, upward, and slightly backward; a little above, in front of, and within this spine is an- other, short, stout, tuberculiform, acute; on the anterior branchial areola there is a lower, smaller, submarginal tubercle. On each gastric region near the orbital sinus there is a large tubercle on each side, the distance between which is very little greater than from either to the median tubercle. A tubercle on margin of hepatic region. Three pterygostomian tubercles. Rostral horns straight, regularly tapering, divergent. Orbit and antennal joint much as in ZZ. spinosus. Chelipeds very little longer than carapace, excluding rostrum; palms not enlarged, fingers gaping very narrowly at base only. Legs rather stout, spinules of dactyls small. Relationships.—Near [H. spinosus, from which it differs in having only one median tubercle on the gastric region, instead of two tu- bercles or spines; and in having a supplementary tubercle or spine above the posterior branchial spine. Also has a curious resemblance to H. hilgendorfi? in its ornamentation, but the carapace is narrower behind and wider across the orbits; it lacks the two tubercles on the subbranchial region, also has fewer gastric tubercles, while the gastric region is more strongly humped. HYASTENUS TUBERCULOSUS, new species. Type-locality—Near Jolo: Jolo Light, S. 17° E., 5.5 miles; lat. 6° 09’ N.; long. 120° 58’ E.; 29 fathoms; co. S.; Feb. 15, 1908; sta- tion 5141, Albatross. Holotype.—Male. Cat. No, 48215, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Length on median line, 9.2; length of horn, 3.6; width of carapace, 6. Carapace with four median tubercles, two large gastric, the pos- terior of which is at the highest point of the carapace, one cardiac and one intestinal; four additional tubercles on the gastric region, 1 De Man, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 22, 1887, p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4. 544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. two leading obliquely-transversely forward on each side of the an- terior median tubercle, those of the inner pair very small; branchial region with a lateral row of four tubercles arching upward, the pos- terior of these being at the postero-lateral angle; a tubercle on the areola at the inner angle of the branchial region, between the cardiac and intestinal regions; a small but prominent tubercle on the hepatic margin; two large and one small pterygostomian tubercle. Rostral horns widely divergent, slender, arched upward. Anterior end of preorbital hood subrectangular, not produced. On the basal seg- ment of the antenna, a blunt tooth or spine obliquely placed, visible from above, followed on the outer margin by a large lobe and then by a tubercle. Chelipeds equal in length to the carapace and nearly half the rostrum; palms swollen, pubescent, a small tubercle on upper margin; fingers proximally arched, making a wide gape for half their length. Spinules on dactyli of ambulatory legs rather small. Relationships.—This species suggests [7. hilgendorfi, but the cara- pace is wider across the anterior part and the preorbital cup is not produced and pointed as in hilgendorfi; the prominences are simi- larly arranged, but none of them are spines; the manus of the adult male is shorter and wider and not wholly smooth, as in that species. On the other hand, the shape of carapace and orbit and especially the profile view, are very like //. elongatus (Ortmann) ,’ but the carapace is wider in proportion to its length, also smoother, the horns shorter and more spreading, the legs shorter, especially those of the first pair, the propodus of which is one and a half times longer than the carpus (in elongatus twice as long). HYASTENUS ORBIS, new species. Ty pe-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Observation Island, N. 70° W., 6.4 miles; lat. 4° 58’ 20’”’ N.; long. 119° 50’ 30” E.; 9 fathoms; Co.; Feb. 24, 1908; station 5165, Albatross. Holotype-—Ovigerous female. Cat. No. 48216, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Length of carapace on median line, 8; length of horns, 2:2; width of carapace, 5.1. A small species, relatively wide, with large orbits; cardiac higher than gastric region, the latter sloping steeply down from the summit to the base of the horns. Five median tubercles of which three are gastric, one cardiac, one intestinal; a transverse row of four tubercles on the gastric region in a line between the anterior and the second of the median tubercles; a pair of tubercles behind the rostrum and forming an equilateral triangle with the anterior median tubercle; curve of four acute tubercles or spines on the margin of the branchial region, the posterior of which is longer and definitely spinate; three 1 Hyastenus diacanthus var. elongata Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 55. NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 545 truncate pterygostomian tubercles, the anterior one the largest. The short, slender, acuminate rostral horns are spread wide apart and are slightly curved or convex to each other. The orbital coverings are large and prominent; preorbital hood very thin and sharp-edged, the anterior angle acutely pointed, the posterior angle with a blunt tooth; anterior margin of postocular cup with a very small tooth. Basal segment of antenna wide and armed at the anterior angle with a slender spine pointing directly forward and in large part visible in dorsal view; the margin behind it is longitudinal up to a slight lobe beyond which there is a deep sinus and a tubercle. Chelipeds (of female) short and weak, margins of palms parallel, outer surface crossed by longitudinal lines of pubescence, fingers with an almost imperceptible gape at base. Ambulatory legs orna- mented with long spatulate bristles on the margins; dactyli long and slender, their spinules relatively small. Relationship.—This species is perhaps nearest to /7. verrucosipes (Adams and White)? which has similar though not identical orna- mentation on the carapace; 7. verrucosipes is definitely set apart by the very elongated postocular cup and by the supplementary plate projecting sideways from the basal segment of the antenna. HYASTENUS BIFORMIS, new species. Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta Island (N.), N. 82° W., 1.4 miles; lat. 5° 11’ 50’’ N., long. 119° 54’ E.; 10 fathoms; co. 8.3 Feb. 21, 1908; station 5159, Albatross. Holotype.—Male. Cat. No. 48217, U.S.N.M. Measurements —Length of carapace on median line, 9.8; length of rostral horns, 3.5; width of carapace, 7. Carapace oblong-triangular, high in the middle, cardiac higher than gastric region and bearing two prominent tubercles side by side, and behind them and lower down a median, flat tubercle; gastric region with two median tubercles, the posterior of which is larger and higher, and a tubercle on either side not far from the orbital sinus; an arch of three small tubercles near the margin of the branchial region, of which the posterior one is the largest, and is pointed; a single tubercle on the intestinal region and on the hepatic margin; a row of several tubercles on the subbranchial and sub- hepatic regions, and another row on the pterygostomian region. Rostral horns slender, widely separated by a U-shaped sinus, mod- erately divergent. Preorbital hood with a small tuberculiform point at the anterior angle; anterior margin of postocular cup cut into two subequal lobes. Basal segment of antenna broad, armed with two 1See Calman, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, Zool., vol. 8, 1900, p. 36, pl. 2, figs. 23, 24. ; 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——35 546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. strong, blunt outer spines or teeth, the posterior of which is the larger; the tips of both are visible in dorsal view. Chelipeds half again as long as the carapace excluding rostrum; merus subcylindrical, increasing distally where it bears a few sharp granules; manus somewhat compressed, two and a half times as long as its greatest width and armed on the upper surface and the upper half of the inner surface with sharp tubercles; fingers arched and widely gaping for their proximal two-thirds. Ambulatory legs slender, the first pair two-sevenths longer than cheliped; spinules of dactyli minute. Relationships.—In the rounded outlines of the branchial regions this species reminds one of 7. planasius+ and of /7. calvarius.2 H. planasius has a flatter carapace, longer branchial spine, shorter, broader horns, and shorter, stouter chelipeds, while H. calvarius is smooth in its dorsal aspect except for a branchial and an intestinal spine. The pair of cardiac tubercles and the character of the anten- nal segment set the new species apart from all others. HYASTENUS FRATERCULUS, new species. Type-locality —Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Observation Island, N. 70° W., 6.4 miles; lat. 4° 58’ 20’ N.; long. 119° 50’ 30” E.; 9 fathoms; Co.; Feb. 24, 1908; station 5165, Albatross. Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48291, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, 7; length of rostral horns, 0.7; width of carapace, 5. This species is so near 17, biformis that it can best be described by comparison. The carapace is posteriorly less rounded, the lateral and posterior margins of the branchial regions being straighter; the gastric region is ornamented with 3 prominent median tubercles (instead of 2) and 2 tubercles (instead of one) on each side, ar- ranged obliquely and almost in line with the middle of the median tubercles; a marginal branchial row of 8 (on the left) or 9 (on the right) tubercles, unequal in size; many tubercles or granules on the subbranchial and pterygostomian regions; intestinal region produced obliquely backward in a large, blunt, conical elevation. Rostral horns short and directed forward. Margins of manus of cheliped more nearly parallel than in diformés. Merus of first am- bulatory leg armed with three tubercles above on the proximal half. For the rest, much like biformés, having a similar cardiac region, orbits, antenne, maxillipeds, and abdomen. 1 Pisa planasia Adams and White, Voy. Samarang, Crust., 1848, p. 9, pl. 2, figs. 4, 4a, 5, 5a. *Compare Alcock and Anderson, Illus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 4, 1896, pl. 21, fig. 2. NO, 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 547 HYASTENUS SCROBICULATUS, new species. Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta Island (N.), S. 72° W., 2.75 miles; lat. 5° 12’ 40’” N.; long. 119° 53’ 10’ E.; 12 fathoms; S.; Feb. 22, 1908; station 5160, Albatross. Holotype-—Male. Cat. No. 48218, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Length of carapace on median line, 8.2; length of rostral horns, 2; width of carapace, 5. The cardiac region is the highest part of the carapace; it is sur- rounded by a trench and surmounted by a conical tubercle; a low tubercle may be seen on the posterior slope. Four median gastric tubercles, the second (from the front) very low, the others promi- nent; either side of the second and at some distance there is another tubercle; an arch of four spines or tubercles near the margin of the branchial region; the posterior one is a spine of fair size, the others are pointed tubercles diminishing in size anteriorly; an intestinal and a marginal hepatic tubercle; a row of three subhepatic and sub- branchial tubercles and a row of two pterygostomian tubercles. Rostral horns flattened, regularly tapering, outer margins parallel. Anterior angle of preorbital hood produced obliquely in a short acute spine, posterior half of outer margin rounded and produced strongly outward; orbital sinus narrow; postocular cup triangular. Basal antennal segment wide and with two triangular, acute teeth or spines directed obliquely forward. Chelipeds weak, no longer than carapace exclusive of rostrum; palms rough above, fingers narrowly gaping at base. Legs very slender, spinules of dactyli minute. Relationship.—tIn the shape of carapace, details of orbit and basal antennal segment and roughness of cheliped, this species resembles H. biformis (p. 545), but can at once be told by the isolated cardiac region surmounted by one tubercle instead of two side by side, by the four instead of two median gastric tubercles, and by the flat- tened rostrum. HYASTENUS TINAKTENSIS, new species. Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta Island (N.), N. 82° W., 1.4 miles; lat. 5° 11’ 50’’ N.; long. 119° 54’ E.; 10 fathoms; Co. S.; Feb. 21, 1908; station 5159, Albatross. Holotype-—¥emale. Cat. No. 48221, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length of carapace in median line, excluding spine, 11; length of rostral horns, 2.8; width of carapace without spine, 7.3. Carapace wide, strongly constricted behind the spreading orbits; surface strongly tuberculate and spinate: three blunt spines or high 548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. tubercles on the median line of the gastric region; eight lateral gas- tric tubercles, four of which are granulated; hinder part of cardiac region produced upward in a long, spadelike spine, compressed antero-posteriorly ; seven small cardiac tubercles; a large, flat, trian- gular, erect tubercle or elevation, and three small tubercles on the intestinal region; on the hinder part of the branchial region three strong spines on each side, of which one is at the lateral angle, one above that point, and one near the cardiac region; many branchial tubercles; one hepatic tubercle, which on the right side is split in two; one tubercle on the anterior part of the subbranchial region and a large bilobed pterygostomian tubercle. Rostrum strongly deflexed, horns slender, widely divergent. Preorbital hood divided into two subequal teeth, the anterior of which is upcurved but not at all ad- vanced; orbital slit narrow; postocular cup large, produced out- ward and forward to cover the end of the eye, ventral surface flat and smooth. Basal segment of antenna armed with three large, somewhat flattened, lobes or teeth, but outside the two anterior of these lobes the segment is produced outward and obliquely upward forming a partial floor to the orbit. Chelipeds of female weak, shorter than carapace. Legs of mod- erate length, ornamented with stout unequal sete; dactyli long, very slender, and very finely armed. Relationships——tIn its roughness this species resembles 7. orya,! but it is much more uneven and of quite different shape. In the lateral extension of the basal antennal segment, it shows a kinship with /7. verrucosipes.2 The large, compressed, erect elevations of cardiac and intestinal regions are unique. CHORILIA SPHENOCARCINOIDES, new species. Type-locality Between Negros and Siquijor: Apo Island (C.), 5: 26° W.; "11:8 ‘miles; lat. 9° 15’ 45” N-; long. 123° 227 007" Beam fathoms; gn. M.; temperature 53.5° F.; Aug. 19, 1909; station 5536, Albatross. Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48202, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, 15.6; esti- mated length of rostral horns (the tips of both are broken off), 5.3; width of carapace without spines, 10.7; with spines, 12.6. Carapace covered with pubescence, out of which emerge the larger protuberances on the posterior part; one of these is transverse and occupies the greater part of the intestinal region and a strip parallel to the posterior margin; another covers the cardiac region; while 1A, Milne Edwards, Nouy. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 8, 1872, p. 250, pl. 14, fig. 1. 2See Calman, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, Zool., vol. 8, 1900, p. 36, pl. 2, figs. 23 and 24. NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS-—RATHBUN. 549 on either side is a pear-shaped branchial eminence transversely placed and ending outwardly in a spine; the hepatic region culminates in a conical, acute spine directed outward and slightly upward; of tu- bercles there is one median on the mesogastric region, one at inner angle of the branchial region, and one farther back, behind the middle of the interspace between cardiac and branchial regions; a spine on anterior part of subbranchial region; a row of three ptery- gostomian tubercles. Rostral horns slender, widely separated, mod- erately divergent. Preorbital hood expanded laterally and with an acute tooth anteriorly; postocular cup well developed. Anterior angle of basal antennal segment acute; outer margin with a slight concavity. Chelipeds as long as carapace and rostrum; merus armed above with three low tubercles and a terminal spine; carpus with a thin outer crest and two blunt crests; margins of manus blunt, subparallel, leneth about one and a half times height; fingers feebly crenate, a broad low tooth at the base of the dactyl in a narrow gape. The first -ambulatory legs are lacking, but the second are about one-fourth longer than the chelipeds. Relationships.—This species has orbits similar to those of C. long- ipes Dana’ and C. japonica (Miers)’, that is, there is a short, U- shaped sinus between preorbital hood and postorbital cup; the basal antennal segment also is elongate as in those species. Instead of the numerous spines on the carapace of typical species, C. sphenocarci- noides has ornamentation on the posterior half similar to that on cer- tain species of Sphenocarcinus, especially S. luzonicus (see p. 539), while the tuberculation of the anterior half of the carapace is akin to that of the atypical species of Pugettia, e. g., P. minor Ortmann.® NAXIOIDES ROMBLONI, new species. Type-locality—Near Romblon: Romblon Light, S. 56° E., 4.5 miles; lat. 12° 38’ 15’’ N.; long. 122° 12’ 30’’ E.; 37 fathoms; hrd. S.; temperature 75.7° F.; Mar. 25, 1908; station 5179, Albatross. Holotype-—Male. Cat. No. 48201, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, 7.6; width of carapace, 5; length of rostrum, 7; length of cheliped, 11.7; length of first leg, 19.5; of second leg, 15; of third leg, 11.5; of fourth leg. 9. A small, delicate species. Carapace with numerous spines and acute tubercles. Cardiac region most elevated, conical, surmounted by a short, conical spine, and bearing another spine nearly as large on its posterior slope; there are several tubercles the largest of which * 1 Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 269. 2Hyastenus (Chorilia) japonicus Miers, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1879, p. 27, pl. 1, Hes.2, 24,20. 8 Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 44. 550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. are two on the anterior slope side by side. Three median spines, the posterior the largest, on the gastric region; a transverse row of four tubercles or spines, in a line between the first and second median; behind the outer ones of this row there is another in transverse line with hinder median spine; two small tubercles near posterior border of mesogastric region. The longest spines of the carapace proper are two on the margin of each branchial region; in front of each spine there is a tubercle while between them and farther in there is a smaller spine; a ring of granules near the inner angle; besides sev- eral other granules and tubercles on the gastric as well as on the branchial region. A flattish spine on hepatic region. A _ stout, curved, acute spine above posterior margin. Subbranchial and ptery- gostomian regions spinous, the anterior spine largest. Rostral horns nearly as long as carapace, slender, curved, diver- gent from their bases, a little convex toward each other and a little convex upward in a side view; they lack the accessory spine or spinule commonly found in species of this genus. Preorbital hoods long and narrow, inclined toward each other anteriorly, outer margin nearly straight, and posterior margin transverse, forming an acute dentiform angle; anterior end produced in a long, narrow, sharp tooth. On upper margin of orbit, a small triangular tooth close to the postorbital cup; the latter angular, upper surface rhomboidal, outer surface larger, subrectangular. Basal antennal segment longi- tudinally grooved, armed at the anterior angle with a slender spine, visible from above; further back on the the margin there is a shallow lobe. Chelipeds slender, the manus slightly wider than the merus and enlarging a little distally; surface finely granulate. Fingers about one-third as long as manus, gaping in basal half. Merus armed with 8 spines above and 2 below, all of medium length. The merus of the ambulatory legs, besides the long terminal spine, has from 3 to 5 other irregular spines. The carpus bears 2 spines above on the distal half; they are insignificant on the last 2 legs. The dactyli are armed with from 8 to 12 sharp spinules visible to my unaided eye. The under side of the crab is ornamented with lines of globular sete. The first to sixth segments, inclusive, of the abdomen bear a median spine or tubercle. Relationship—This pretty little species differs from all others in. lacking an accessory spinule on the rostral horns and in having more than one spine on the merus joint of the legs. The orbits, how- ever, are of typical form. It is perhaps nearest to V. taurus Pocock, which also has granulated chelipeds and divergent horns, but the 1 Compare Illus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 6, pl. 33, figs. 5, 5a. No, 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 551 horns are straight, the basal antennal segment has a tooth at its middle, and the carapace is differently ornamented. PHALANGIPUS FILIFORMIS, new species. ?Leptopus longipes MILNE Epwarps, Cuvier’s Régne Anim., Crust., atlas, pl. 34, fig. 1. Type-locality—Kast of Leyte: Tacbuc Point, 8. 80° W., 15.2 miles; lat. 10° 46’ 24’ N.; long. 125° 16’ 30”’ E.; 57 fathoms; Sh.; July 29, 1909; station 5478, Albatross. Holotype——Male. Cat. No. 48223, U.S.N.M. Measurements —Length of carapace on median line, 22.2; length of horns, 1.4; width of carapace, 21; length of chéliped, 53.53 length of first cabal leg, 166.5. The spines of the carapace are placed as in P. herbstii! but they are slenderer and sharper. The front of the carapace is equally wide, measured between the tips of the anterior and well-developed spines of the preorbital hoods and between the posterior extremities of the hoods. Rostral horns slender, their outer margins divergent. On either side of the very sharp tooth of the upper and the lower margin of the orbit there is a U-shaped sinus. Pterygostomian spine very long, acuminate, a smaller spine behind it. A laminar projec- tion on the first abdominal segment occupies nearly its whole width and is pointed at the middle; sixth segment armed with a spine near the distal end. The two pairs of spines on the sternum at the base of the chelipeds are well developed and acuminate. Chelipeds slender, the merus more so than the merus of the ambu- latory legs; manus subcylindrical, but widening a little distally; the fingers gape narrowly in their basal half where the margins are wavy, not toothed. Lelationship—In P. herbstii the outer margins of the preorbital hood are oblique, not parallel; the outer margins of the rostral horns are subparallel; the tooth on the lower margin of the orbit is wider; the pterygostomian spine is shorter; the prominence on the first ab- dominal segment is much smaller, the sixth segment is unarmed; the chelipeds are stout, the manus of the male much swollen, the dactylus has a large basal tooth in the gape; the ambulatory legs are a little stouter and much shorter. 1fgeria herbstii Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 292. Not Cancer longipes Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 629, which is undetermined. 552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. PHALANGIPUS RETUSUS, new species. ? Egeria longipes ADAMS AND WuitsE, Zool. Voy. Samarang. Crust., 1848, p. 7 (Zebu). Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinatka Island (N.), S. 80° W., 3.3 miles; lat. 5° 12’ 30’ N.; long. 119° 55’ 50”’ K.; 18 fathoms; fne. S.; Feb. 21, 1908; station 5157, Albatross. Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48222, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, 24; length of horns, .7; width of carapace, 20.8; length of cheliped, 45.7. Spines of carapace stout and blunt, those on median line subtrun- cate. Margin of preorbital hood sinuous, the anterior spine and the posterior denticle equally produced. Rostral horns blunt, widely separated, outer margins very slightly divergent. Superior tooth of orbital margin broad, subtruncate, a U-shaped notch on either side; inferior tooth narrow-triangular, subacute, notches U-shaped. Lat- eral spine of basal antennal segment prominent, directed forward, outward and downward. Pterygostomian prominence a large, flat, rounded lobe, followed posteriorly by a tubercle. A thick, rounded plate projects horizontally from the first abdominal segment. Each segment of the sternum is furnished with tubercles, and near the base of the chelipeds there is a long, slender, conical, blunt spine. The merus of the cheliped is slenderer than that of the first ambu- latory leg, while the manus is stouter and increases steadily in width to the distal end. , The fingers meet and are finely dentate for their distal three-fifths; the basal two-fifths gape, and the dactylus is armed with one broad tooth. The ambulatory legs are all broken, but those of the first pair are estimated at about six times the length of the carapace. Relationships.—This species differs from all others in the large rounded pterygostomian lobe. In the blunt-pointed spines of the carapace it approaches P. herbstii, which is distinguished by the characters of the orbit. The manus of the male is intermediate be- tween the filiform type of arachnotdes* and filiformis and the much swollen manus of herbstii; it is in fact near énvestigatoris? in shape but much shorter and slightly compressed and smooth. Subfamily SCHIZOPHRYSIN 42. MAJA SULUENSIS, new species. Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Observa- tion Island, N. 70° W., 6.4 miles; lat. 4° 58’ 20’’ N.; long. 119° 50’ 30”” E.; 9 fathoms; Co.; Feb. 24, 1908; station 5165, Albatross. Holotype-—Female. Cat. No. 48224, U.S.N.M. 1 Egeria arachnoides Latreille, Tabl. Encyc. Méth., pt. 24, 1818, pl. 281, fig. 1. 2 Egeria iwestigatoris Alcock, Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 225. no. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 553 Measurements.—Length of carapace on median line, 41.2; length of rostral horn, 13.1; width of carapace without spines, 31.6. A ifaja with three long median spines, two gastric and one cardiac, one dorsal branchial spine, four long marginal spines behind the orbit, one of which is hepatic, two small spines on posterior margin near the middle, a long curved spine at posterior end of preorbital hood, followed by a short spine and then by a long postocular spine, rostral horns about two-sevenths as long as remainder of carapace and strongly divergent. Carapace covered with coarse granules bearing sete. Basal antennal segment armed with two spines at the anterior angles, which are in line with the median deflexed spine of the front. Chelipeds slender, smooth, shorter than the next leg in the female. Ambulatory legs smooth and hairy. Relationship.—Strongly resembles J/. miersti Walker, from Singa- pore. Differs in having an additional gastric spine and in lacking the secondary spine on the hepatic region. MAJA LINAPACANENSIS, new species. Type-locality—Linapacan Strait: Observatory Island (N.), S. 55° W., 10.7 miles; lat. 11° 37’ 15’’ N.; long. 119° 48’ 45’” E.; 46 fathoms; S. M.; Dec. 18, 1908; station 5335, Albatross. « Holotype.—Carapace only. Cat. No. 48225, U.S.N.M. Measurements—The figures are estimated, as the carapace is broken posteriorly. Length of carapace on median line, 30; width without spine, 27. A narrow, pyriform J/aja with two median spines (one gastric, one cardiac), a dorsal branchial spine in line with the cardiac spine, two slightly divergent rostral horns (incomplete), three broad, flat spines above orbit, one of which is attached to the narrow, preorbital hood, postocular spine longest, intermediate spine well separated from the other two; about seven small, irregular lateral spines, of which two are hepatic; the anterior of these is the largest and forms a right-angled sinus with the postocular tooth. Surface covered with irregular, punctate granules or tubercles. Vertical projection of front triangular, tipped with a truncate spine. Basal segment of an- tenna armed with three long blunt spines (two at anterior angles and one at middle of inner margin) and four shorter spines or teeth (one on anterior margin, three on inner margin); a granulated tubercle on posterior edge of antennular cavities; lower edge of orbit tubercu- late. Relationship.—This appears to be much like Paramithrax (Lepto- mithrax) compressipes Miers,’ from Canton, described from a larger 1 Jour. Linn. Soc, London, vol. 20, 1887, p. 1138, pl. 6, figs. 1-3. 2Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 4, 1879, p. 8. 554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. specimen without dorsal branchial spine; Uénapacanensis, however, is a true Maja, as the movable part of the antenna is quite within the orbit. MAJA BISARMATA, new species. T'ype-locality—Off northern Mindanao: Point Tagolo Light, S. 71° W., 8.7 miles; lat. 8° 47’ N.; long. 123° 31’ 15’’ E.; 182 fathoms; temperature 54.38° F.; Aug. 9, 1909; station 5519, Albatross. Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48220, U.S.N.M. Measurement.—Length of carapace on median line, 20; length of horn, 5.5; width of carapace excluding spines, 15.7; including spines, 18.2. Carapace oblong-ovate, covered, as are also the ambulatory legs, with hairs; spines numerous, arranged as follows: Two pairs of small spines between preorbital hoods, followed by three pairs on gastric region (of which the second pair are larger), then one large median, one pair of very small spines, another large median spine, finally a pair near together; two lateral gastric spines on each side, making in all sixteen gastric spines; one small genital spine; two large cardiac spines side by side; three small intestinal spines in a triangle pointing forward; seven dorsal branchial spines of which three are large; three small dorsal hepatic spines, and two marginal, of which the anterior is long; three long marginal branchial spines. Rostral horns slender, gradually tapering, acuminate. Preorbital hood armed posteriorly with a rather small, outward-pointing spine, separated by a U-shaped sinus from the larger intermediate spine; this in turn is separated by a V-sinus from the oblique postorbital spine, which has a tubercle near the base of its inner margin. Basal antennal segment armed with two anterior spines besides a tubercle at posterior end of outer margin; of the spines, the one at the outer angle is nearly horizontal and directed outward and a ttle forward, the one at the inner angle subparallel but directed a little more forward and slightly downward. Subhepatic and sub- branchial regions each with several tubercles; pterygostomian region armed with a very short, stout spine and two tubercles. Chelipeds slender, one-third longer than carapace minus rostrum; carpus three-fifths as long as merus; both are finely roughened, and the merus has a small, slender, terminal spine. Palmar portion of manus nearly as long as merus, more slender, smooth; fingers almost half as long as palm, fingers meeting, without teeth. Ambulatory legs fringed on each side with long hairs, those of first pair very little longer than cheliped; merus joints each with a terminal spine. Relationships.—Differs from other species in having a definite number of spines and pointed tubercles, the interspaces being smooth; also in two instead of one cardiac spine. The chelipeds resemble those of J/. sulwensts but the carpus is not so long. No. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 555 LEPTOMITHRAX SINENSIS, new species. Type-locality—China Sea, near southern Luzon: lat. 21° 33’ N.; long. 116° 15’ E.; 88 fathoms; crs. 8. Sh.; Nov. 4, 1908; station 5311, Albatross. Holotype-——A dried specimen, sex unknown, showing only the carapace with basal antennal segments and epistome attached. Cat. No. 48219, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, 32; width of carapace without spines, 25.3; length of rostrum exclusive of point broken off, 5.7. Carapace oblong-ovate, convex; regions well marked, covered with irregular tubercles and granules except on the horns, the sides of the gastric region, and some of the interregional furrows, where it is nearly smooth. The projecting hepatic region is armed with two short spines, the posterior one smaller; branchial regions with four strong marginal spines, the posterior of which is well up on the dorsal surface; two short triangular spines on the posterior margin; three sizable median tubercles, two gastric, one genital; the principal submedian, paired tubercles are, three between orbits, diminishing anteriorly; two gastric, in front of large, anterior, median tubercle, the anterior pair nearer together; one large, meso- gastric; one at summit of cardiac region and one on_ posterior slope; two small, intestinal. Rostral horns slightly curved (con- cave outside), acute, about twice as long as basal width. Supra- orbital hood rather closely granulate, broad, and with a small postero-external tooth or lobe, the tip of which is broken off; next sinus narrow; intermediate tooth long, triangular, acute, granulate; next sinus like a buttonhole, being closed anteriorly; postocular cup produced obliquely forward, outward and shghtly upward, ending in a narrow, truncate spine. Interantennular spine curved forward, blunt-pointed. Basal antennal segment wide, nearly smooth, with two distal spines and an outer marginal lobe; the inner distal spine is dentiform, compressed in an oblique plane, thick, curved, the tip reaching a little further forward than the inter- antennular spine, the inferior or convex margin crenulate; the outer distal spine is gradually tapering, acuminate, produced outward more than forward and granulate above. The subhepatic region is swollen, tuberculate, and granulate; the subbranchial region is simi- larly roughened; a conical elevation on the pterygostomian region. Relationships——This species is very close to L. edwardsii' in shape and ornamentation, but the postocular cup of edwardsii is directed straight forward and is sharply acute at tip, and the basal antennal 1Maja (Paramithrar) Peronii de Haan (not Milne Edwards), Fauna Japon., Crust., pl. 21, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. Maja (Paramithrar) edwardsii de Haan, same reference, 1859, Dio2; pl. .G; 556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. segment has a concave, nonlobed, outer margin, the carapace is less high in the middle and the two posterior spines are nearer to- gether. L. sinensis is also near L. tuberculatus, the latter having a similar basal antennal segment (judging from figure 2, cited), but it also has a postocular cup like that of edwardsi. Family PARTHENOPID 2. PARTHENOPE (RHINOLAMBRUS) RUDIS, new species. Ty pe-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Observation Island, N. 70° W.., 6.4 miles; lat. 4° 58’ 20’’ N.; long. 119° 50’ 30” E.; 9 fathoms; Co.; Feb. 24, 1908; station 5165; Albatross. Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48246, U.S.N.M. Measurements.—Length of carapace, 29.6; width of carapace, 29; length of manus, on outer margin, 37.2; length of dactylus of cheliped, 16; length of first ambulatory leg, 50.2. The specimen has only ene cheliped, the left. The species is a striking one, as all the spines and lobes are stout, thick, and bluntly rounded at the tip; the furrows of the carapace are deep; and the legs are unusually long and with little ornamentation. _ Carapace high, the hepatic and cardiac regions bounded by deep furrows and the front coursed by a broad and deep channel leading back to the gastric region; two other grooves cross the branchial region and inclose an oblong area armed with two spines, of which the posterior is longer and less stout; cardiac lobe somewhat com- pressed from front to back and surmounted by a tubercle, which is a, little more elevated than the branchial spines; at the middle of the posterior margin there is a large tubercle or spine pointing obliquely upward and backward. All the elevated portions of the carapace are covered with rather large tubercles and pits, which give them a somewhat worm-eaten appearance. There is a large pre- orbital tubercle directed forward, which does not interrupt the margin of the orbit. Front deflexed at an angle of 50 degrees, edge thick, crenulate, tip rounded and partly broken. Orbit with 8 or 10 denticles on inner margin and 5 teeth on outer margin between upper sinus and antenna. Postorbital constriction strong, the sinus broad and rounded ; hepatic projection forming almost a right angle, blunt; branchial margin rounded, furnished with 8 low tubercles, the last one a little removed and post-lateral, the sixth and seventh confluent, posterior margin with 2 tubercles each side of the middle spine. Subbranchial region flat and with a row of tubercles below the margin and parallel to it. 1 Paramithrar tuberculatus Whitelegge, Mem, Austral. Mus., vol. 4, 1900, p. 146, pl. 34, figs. 1 and 2. NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 557 Second and third segments of antenna wide and thin, with lobed margins. Merognath deeply grooved through the middle. Sternum and abdomen (male) tuberculate; penultimate segment of abdomen armed with a conical, sharp, slightly curved, downward-pointing spine. Cheliped a little more than three times as long as carapace, rough with rasp-like tubercles and large lobes and spines; the merus has 5 tubercles (3 large) on outer margin, about 10 (4 large) on inner margin, 7 low, smooth, and subequal on lower margin; of tubercles on upper surface one is as large as any of the marginal ones. On the carpus one tubercle, and that near the middle, is enlarged and only to a moderate size. The manus has 5 tubercles on outer margin, of which 38 are the largest on the crab and are flattened, 2 of them subtruncate; about 10 tubercles on inner margin, somewhat saw- toothed in shape, 2 near the distal end enlarged into conical spines; on the lower margin about 11 smooth, low tubercles like those of the merus; on the upper surface a much enlarged tubercle as on the merus. Fingers elongate, basal half of a reddish color, distal half white except for the tips, which are brown; surface rough with granules, a large tubercle or lobe on top of dactylus toward its base. Legs cylindrical, merus crossed with two (in the last pair one) bands of brownish-red (in alcohol); dactyli with a short velvety coat, the last one the longest; last pair of legs roughened with small tubercles on the merus and propodus and 2 lobes on upper margin of carpus. Of described species, this comes nearest to P. (2.) eybelis Alcock. It has a similar form, except as to the rostrum, the carapace is pitted and the cheliped has about the same amount of armature; but all the spines of cybelts are acute, the cardiac region has 2 strong spines, and the rostrum has a narrow terminal lobe. PARTHENOPE (PSEUDOLAMBRUS) FARVA, new species. Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta Island (N.), N. 82° W., 1.4 miles; lat. 5° 11’ 50’” N.; long. 119° 54’ E.; 10 fathoms; co. S.; Feb. 21, 1908; station 5159, Albatross. Holotype.—Female, mature. Cat. No. 48245, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length of carapace, 8; width, 7.6; outer length of larger (right) palm, 6.3. Carapace high, the branchial regions deeply separated from the gastro-cardiac; a large rounded tubercle on the gastric and on the cardiac region; 2 lines of granules diverge anteriorly from the gastric tubercle; cardiac region sparingly furnished with granules; branch- ial ridge curved (concave outward), marked by 4 tubercles and a few 1 Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 270; Illus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 4, 1896, pl. 22, fig. 6. 558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. granules, the posterior tubercle situated on the postero-lateral mar- gin considerably above the lateral angle; from this postefior tubercle a line of granules curves (concave backward) toward the summit of the cardiac region; on the outer slope of the branchial region there is an obliquely longitudinal line of granules. Front deflexed at an angle of about 45 degrees, channeled, margin crenulate, extremity triangular and blunt-tipped, bearing a small, rectangular tooth on either side. Upper margin of orbit with a tooth close to the one at the outer angle; lower margin with 3 additional teeth, the inner one the most prominent. The lateral margins of the carapace are par- allel and denticulate for a short distance behind the orbital angle, after which the hepatic margins are gently convex and bear 3 or 4 denticles; the branchial regions are bordered with 6 or 7 teeth up to the lateral angle, where the last tooth is a little enlarged. The postero-lateral margins bear 2 teeth or tubercles each side of the branchial ridge; there are 5 tubercles on the posterior margin. All the marginal teeth of carapace and chelipeds are denticulated. Through the middle of the outer maxillipeds there is a line of granules. Chelipeds moderately contorted, twice as long as carapace; merus irregularly dentate on anterior and posterior margins, 3 teeth no- ticeably large on the anterior margin, 2 on the posterior margin, the distal one of these being terminal, flattened and rounded at the end, a row of teeth on upper surface; lower edge finely dentate; lower sur- faces partly granulate. Carpus with 2 lobes on outer edge. Manus much wider in the right cheliped, its upper surface widest at about the distal two-fifths, the margins of the same irregularly lobed or toothed, 4 larger lobes on outer (posterior) edge and 38 on inner (anterior) edge; lower edge bordered by many small teeth; surfaces nearly smooth. : Ambulatory legs very slender; the merus joints have a few small tubercles on the margins, also the carpus and propodus of the last pair. P. (P.) parva has much in common with P. (&.) longispina (specimens of equal size compared), having similar shape of hind part of body and of chelipeds, and similar ornamentation, but the new species has the hepatic region much less protuberant, the larger projections of the carapace are tubercles, not spines, the chelipeds are shorter and lack tubercles on the lower surface, while the tuber- cles of the legs are much feebler. 1 Lambrus longispinus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 4, 1879, p. 18. NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 559 CRYPTOPODIA ANGUSTA, new species. Type-locality—China Sea, near Hongkong: lat. 21° 42’ N.; long. 114° 50’ K.; 88 fathoms; sft. gy. M.; temp. 72.1° F.; Aug. 9, 1908; station 5302, Albatross. Holotype-—Female. Cat. No. 48249, U.S.N.M. Measurements—Length of carapace, 11.4; width of carapace at lateral angles, 15; width at postero-lateral angles, 12.8. Carapace narrow for a Cryptopodia, the several slopes from the central triangular depression being of nearly equal depth; the de- pression has 3 spines on its posterior border, one of which is slender and surmounts the cardiac region, the others short, each on the highest point of the more elevated branchial region; 2 sharp tuber- cles or spines side by side at the anterior end of the depression; the ridges and 3 elevations marked with rasp-like granules. Antero- lateral margins nearly straight and in line with sides of rostrum, inner margins of orbits parallel, postero-lateral margins sloping backward and inward, posterior margin transverse; margins dentate, teeth denticulated and separated mostly by closed fissures; 3 teeth in front of lateral angle more pronounced, also the tooth at the postero-lateral angle and 4 others on the posterior margin which divide that margin into 5 sinuses, whose relative width is expressed by 1.5:3.5:3:3.5:1.5. Chelipeds very unequal, perhaps accidentally so; upper margins of merus and manus dentate, lower margin and lower surface tuber- culate; 3 enlarged teeth on inner and outer margins of merus and outer margin of manus, 4 enlarged teeth on inner margin of manus; base of dactylus with 2 or 3 strong teeth. Ambulatory legs cristate; lower margins of last pair dentate save on the dactylus, lower mar- gins of ischium and merus of first three pairs sparingly dentate. In the 5 spines on the dorsal surface this species resembles (@. angulata cippifer Alcock, but that species or subspecies 1s much wider, its lateral angles further forward and more produced, its front between the eyes not having parallel sides. 1Tllus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 4, 1896, pl. 23, fig. 4. Fok eet! bag nity 4 Moye ‘ Ht te SRSLY ele ‘hire - Egat i ak a sh ah hss Toe 64 nai eA REVISION OF THE PARASITIC HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS OF THE GENUS APHYCUS MAYR, WITH NOTICE OF SOME RELATED GENERA. By P. H. Trmperake, Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. The genus Aphycus was erected by Gustav Mayr early in 1876 in ‘Die europaischen Encyrtiden”’ with three species, of which Aphycus aprealis (Dalman) was selected by Ashmead in 1900 as the genotype. As treated in the present paper, most of the species of the genus Aphycus are more similar to Aphycus punctipes (Dalman), the third species listed by Mayr, but are also congeneric with A. apicalis as far as can be made out from descriptions and the limited material of the latter at hand. Since the publication of Mayr’s paper thirty-nine species have been described under this genus or later referred to it. Three of these, however, were removed later by Howard and Ashmead to other genera, A. chrysopae falling in the genus Jsodromus Howard, A. niger forming the type of Holcencyrtus Ashmead, and A. unicolor being placed in Phaenodiscus Foerster. }t is apparent, nevertheless, even after the removal of these species, that the genus in its present state contains several discordant elements. Chief among these are three Ectromine species described by Howard, namely A. dactylopii, A. ngritus, and A. townsendi, all of which fall naturally in the genus Anagyrus Howard, and a fourth Ectromine, A. albiclavatus Ashmead, which is more like Paraleptomastiz Girault than any other described genus and may be placed there at least provisionally. Other discord- ant elements are A. angelicus Howard, which forms the type of the new genus Pseudaphycus described below; A. tecanus Howard, here con- sidered to be congeneric with Acerophagus coccois Emily Smith; A. australiensis Howard, serving as type of the new genus Aphycopsis; A. terryt Fullaway, which also must be separated under the new generic name Pseudococcobius; and, finally, A. pulchellus Howard, which must be placed in Girault’s recent genus Aenasioidea. The types of A. brunneus Howard and A. howardi Cockerell were not available for study or, as in case of the latter species, in too poor PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VoL. 50—No. 2136. 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——36 561 562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. condition for generic diagnosis, and it is not unlikely that the acces- sion of fresh material will necessitate the removal of both species from the genus. Types or any other specimens of A. immaculatus Howard, A. amoenus Howard, A. hederaceus (Westwood), A. punctipes (Dal- man), A. philippiae Martelli, and A. nitens Kourdumoff have also not been available for study, but there is no reason for believing that any of these is not now properly placed. For the convenience of the student a table of the genera herewith proposed has been drawn up, including those forms that have been or are most likely to be confused with Aphycus but excluding Ana- gyrus and Paraleptomastiz, which properly belong to the Ectromini and need not cause confusion if careful attention is paid to tribal charac- ters. The table also includes the genus Astymachus Howard, placed near Aphycus in Ashmead’s tables, but excludes Heterathrellus Howard, which is an Ectromine and should run next to Anagyrus in any natural classification. It may be pointed out, also, that Ashmead was wrong in trying to separate Astymachus from Aphycus by the alleged absence and presence of the postmarginal vein in the respec- tive genera. ‘The postmarginal is wanting or, more properly speaking, reduced to a mere spur in both of these genera. Attention is called to the abdominal character made use of in the following table. Un- fortunately it is one not always readily made out in dry material, although easily seen in fresh specimens and usually also in balsam mounts. As it plays a large part in the economy of the insects, either causing or having been brought about by different habits of oviposition, it has consequently great taxonomic importance. All of the genera here treated have a nonmetallic coloration. ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA. 1. Mandibles short and. thick with equal or nearly equal teeth...............-..-- 5. Mandibles comparatively long and slender with noticeably unequal teeth; ovi- positor inclosed’ by the 5th ventral scleritie. . 222.2 S25 se ee ee eee 2. 2: Funicle of'antennae 5-jointed 252201202 2a See ee eee eee 3. Funicle of antennae 6-jointed..........--.--..----- Pseudococcobius, new genus. 3. Front and vertex not punctate, cheeks longer.......:..-..-- 2-+sece0s-e--sseene 4. Front and vertex punctate, cheeks as short as width of eyes. Bothriocraera, new genus. 4. Two upper teeth of mandibles nearly equal, lower tooth more basal and smaller. Acerophagus Smith. Upper and lower teeth of mandibles equal, middle tooth larger and very sharp. Pseudaphycus Clausen. 5. Fifth ventral sclerite reaching about to the middle of the venter, ovipositor free.. 6. Ovipositor inclosed by the 5th sclerite, which reaches to the anus, Aenasioidea Girault. 6. Postmarginal vein short and spurlike, no longer or not so long as the marginal... 7 Postmarginal well developed, nearly as long as the stigmal, antennal scape rather short, clavate cylindrical and furrowed at apex........ Aphycopsis, new genus. No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 563 7. Body elongate; abdomen much longer than wide, pointed at apex. Astymachus Howard. Body short, robust; abdomen ovate, rarely over one-half longer than wide; and Taner obtusely rounded at apex: . 6.22 Losec settee ewe Aphycus Mayr. PSEUDOCOCCOBIUS,! new genus. In general facies much resembles Aphycus Mayr but differs espe- cially in the dentition of the mandibles and the structure of the abdomen. Female.—Head seen from in front about as wide as the length of the vertical axis, or a little wider in P. terryi; the front and vertex moderately convex and pass over into the face by a rather sharp angle but angle not at all carinate; face and cheeks short in genotype, the antennal scrobes fairly deep; eyes large, about four-fifths as wide as long, or sometimes smaller and narrower, pubescent; ocelli placed in an acute to a right-angled triangle (nearly equilateral in the genotype), the posterior pair removed from the rim of the occiput and about their own diameter or less from the eye margin; vertex varying considerably in width. Mandibles rather long, tridentate, with the middle tooth much longer and stouter than the others. Antennal scape flattened, linear or nearly so or cylindrical, reaching a little beyond the plane of front and vertex; pedicel about as long as the first three or four funicle joints combined; funicle as a whole short, increasing slightly in diameter distad, all the joints wider than long; club large, in general shape oval, sometimes slightly obliquely truncate, about as long as the funicle joints combined. Thoracic structure nearly as in Aphycus, but the mesoscutum shorter and much wider than long; abdomen rather short, ovate, the dorsum more or less concave after death, the fifth ventral sclerite ? reaching to the anus and inclosing base of the ovipositor; the latter protruded and slender. Wings fully developed, the marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal short, hardly longer than the marginal, stigmal rather short, forming an angie of about 60 to 70° with the margin of wing, submarginal with the usual row of bristles tending to become reduced or weak; hind wing narrow, the costal cell very narrow but extending to the hooklets. Sculpture, vestiture, and type of coloration not differing from Aphycus. Male.—Closely resembles the female in all but the sexual characters. Type of genus.—Aphycus terryt Fullaway. The species belonging to this genus are parasitic in mealy bugs of the genera Pseudococcus and Phenacoccus so far as known. 1 From Pseudococcus, a genus of Coccidae, and 6Bios, referring to the host relationship. 2 The so-called hypopygium of authors and the valvula ventralis of Thomson is morphologically, I believe, apart of the seventh abdominal segment, as the propodeum seems really composed of the first two abdomi- nal segments in the Encyrtidae. 564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. ANALYTICAL KEY OF SPECIES. FEMALES. 1. Front and vertex narrow, about three times as long as widelu.. Ol LUE ay sae Same Front and vertex wide, about one-half longer again than wide; ocelli in a right- angled triangle; wings hyaline; antennal scapecylindrical; general color pale orange! ‘yellow Satie GUSTS. BOR ert eae 1. ehrhorni, new species. 2. Wings slightly dusky with a deeper stain beneath marginal and stigmal veins; scape flat, slightly expanded; ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle; general color orange yellow, the antennae dusky but whitish at apex.......... 2. terryt (Fullaway). Wings bifasciate with apex and medial band hyaline, scapecylindrical; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle; general color deep orange yellow, antennae uniformly yellowisheeniee etek een Spree A ai SAR 3. bifasciatus, new species. “1. PSEUDOCOCCOBIUS EHRHORNI, new species. Female.—F¥ront and vertex about one-half longer again than wide, margin of eyes parallel; ocelli in a right-angled triangle, the posterior pair their own diameter from the eye margin, and twice their diameter from the occipital border; eyes rather small, about one-third longer than wide, with fine, short and rather thick pubescence; head as seen from in front as wide as long; cheeks a little longer than greatest width of eyes; antennal scrobes narrow, rather pronounced and uniting above. Antennal scape slender, cylindrical; pedicel narrowed at base, as long as the first three funicle joints combined; funicle nearly cylindrical, increasing but slightly in width distad, all joints, however, a little wider than long, the first four nearly equal in length, the last two slightly longer; club large, ovate, slightly obliquely truncate at apex, about twice as wide as the last funicle joint, and as long as all the funicle joints combined, the sutures plainly indicated. Wings uniformly ciliated; the oblique hairless streak widened below, not interrupted, and nearly connecting with the hairless streak on the posterior border of the wing; bristles on the submarginal vein weak; stigmal vein at angle of about 70° with the margin of wing. Ovipositor protruded about one-half the length of the abdomen. Length: 1.0 to 1.1 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. General color nearly uniformly pale orange yellow, deeper on the notum of thorax, a little paler on the head and underparts; the propodeum pale brown; a deeper brown spot on each side of the venter at the apex of abdomen, and another pair of brown spots surround the dorsal vibrissal plates! of the abdomen. Antennae uniformly orange yellow, somewhat duskier than the body, possibly due to discoloration; legs concolorous with the underparts, the last joint of the tarsi blackish. The short, appressed hair of the notum dusky in color and rather sparse. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 1 These plates are usually called spiracles by most authors but as pointed out by Alice L. Embleton (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., ser. 2, Zool., vol. 9, p. 247, pl. 12, figs. 39, 42, and 43) they are probably tactile plates and have no connection with the spiracles. They are characteristic of the Encyrtidae and especially of the Encyrtinae. no. 2186. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 565 Male.—Not known. Described from three females (type and paratypes a and 6) reared from Pseudococcus ryani (Coquillett), San Francisco, California (KE. M. Ehrhorn), no date given. Type.—Cat. No. 19113, U.S.N.M. 2. PSEUDOCOCCOCBIUS TERRYI (Fullaway). Fig. 35. Aphycus terryi Futtaway, Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 2, 1913, p. 281. Female.—Front and vertex nearly three times as long as wide, margins of eyes parallel; ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair slightly closer together than the distance from either to the anterior ocellus, and nearly touching the eye margin, the anterior ocellus a little behind the center of the front and vertex; eyes very large, about four-fifths as wide as long, with thick but fine, short pubescence; head as seen from in front a little wider than long, the face and cheeks short; antennal scrobes moderately deep and uniting above. Antennal scape flattened, very slightly expanded below, widest across the apical half; pedicel not greatly wider at apex than at base, as long as the first four funicle joints combined; funicle increasing gradually in width distad so that the sixth joint is about two and one-half times as wide as the first joint, all being wider than long and all but the first distinctly transverse; club large, oval, somewhat obliquely truncate at apex, apparently solid with no sutures visible, a little longer than all funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened and sub- interrupted below, not quite attaining the posterior margin of disk; bristles on submarginal vein very weak and inconspicuous; stigmal vein at an angle of about 60° with the anterior margin of wing. Ovipositor protruded about one-fourth the length of abdomen. Length: 1.0 to 1.1 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. Head and upper parts of the body orange yellow; lower part of face, cheeks and the undeiparts of body pale yellowish; occiput, a transverse band on pronotum, the thoracic sutures, the metanotum, propodeum and center of the dorsum of abdomen more or less dusky. Appressed pubescence of notum dusky. Antennal scape pale brownish, the dorsal margin and especially the lower margin on the apical half narrowly blackish; pedicel and first four funicle joints pale brownish, the last two funicle jomts and club dusky white. Wings slightly smoky with a more distinct smoky blotch beneath the stigmal vein, the discoloration entirely integumentary and not due to the ciliation. Male.—Almost identical with the female in all but the sexual characters, but the wings are slightly less deeply stained. The male 566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. described by Fullaway is not the male of this species and evidently something quite different. A male included in the material loaned for study which answers to his description is an Ectromine. Redescribed from two females and one male on a slide labeled “exmealy bug on sugar cane, Ewa, 11-29-12,” and one female in alcohol without data, all loaned by the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Station through the kindness of Mr. D. T. Fullaway. The specimens are apparently metatypes. The recorded host is Pseudococcus saccharifoli (Green). " 3. PSEUDOCOCCOBIUS BIFASCIATUS, new species. Female.—Front and vertex about three times as long as wide, the margins of the eyes slightly converging anteriorly; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-half their diameter from the eye margin and a little over twice their diameter from the occipital margin; eyes large, about one-third longer than wide, with a fine, short, thick pubescence; head as seen from in front slightly longer than wide, but nearly circular in outline, cheeks as long as the greatest width of the eyes; antennal scrobes rather wide and deep, meeting above at an angle of about 40°. Antennal scape cylindrical, shorter and stouter than in P. ehrhorni; the pedicel narrowed at base and as long as the first four funicle joints combined; funicle joints increasing gradually in width, the last joint about twice as wide as the first and twice as long, the first three joints of nearly equal length and distinctly transverse, the last three increas- ing in length, not so distinctly transverse, the fifth and sixth subequal in length; club smaller than usually, ovate, obliquely rounded at apex, about one-half wider again than the last preceding joint and as long as the last five funicle joints combined, the sutures plainly indicated. Wings not uniformly ciliated, the apex, base, and a cross band at end of stigmal vein with paler, weaker cilia; oblique hairless streak of nearly uniform width, subinterrupted just below the middle, and nearly connecting with the hairless streak on the posterior border of wing; bristles on the submarginal vein strong; stigmal vein at angle of about 70° with margin of the wing. Ovipositor protruded about one-third the length of the abdomen. Length, 1.1 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. Head, notum, and pleura of thorax, the basal and apical segments of the abdomen bright orange yellow; antennal scrobes of face, collar of pronotum, prepectal plates and tegulae yellowish white, the latter with a brown spot on its posterior margin; center of occiput and con- cealed part of pronotum dusky; the metanotum, propodeum, and a broad band extending across the center of the abdomen brownish black, the band on the abdomen appearing on both dorsum and venter. The appressed pubescence of face, cheeks, and thorax no. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 567 white and conspicuous; present also on the front and vertex but weaker. Antennae pale yellowish brown, the club still paler or yellowish. Coxae and femora of legs yellowish white, the front femora dusky along the lower margin; anterior and middle tibiae more yellowish, especially at apex, the middle pair dusky on the outer surface; posterior tibiae dilute brownish black, fading to yel- lowish at apex; all tarsi yellowish, with the last joint blackish. Wings with two conspicuous blackish cross bands, one with its center beneath the marginal vein, the other on apical half of disk, separated by a whitish band, of which the basal margin is concave and the apical margin straight; basal third of wing and extreme apex also whitish; the blackish bands due in part to integumentary pigment and in part to the ciliation. Exserted part of the ovipositor yellow, but becoming blackish at the apex. Male.—Similar to the female, but differs in the following par- ticulars: Front and vertex broader than in the female, hardly over twice longer than wide; the ocelli in a less acute-angled triangle. Antennal scape slightly flattened, and a little shorter than in the female, the funicle and club slenderer. Wings uniformly ciliated. Length, 0.9 to 1.0 mm. Vertex more or less blackish around ocelli; the center of the occiput, concealed part of the pronotum, the mesoscutum except the sides, the metanotum, propodeum, metapleura, and abdomen brown- ish black; the vertex otherwise, sides of the mesoscutum, axillae, and scutellum orange yellow, the latter somewhat dusky in the center; the mesopleura dusky orange yellow; the front, face, cheeks, and propleura yellow to yellowish white; collar of pronotum, tegulae, and prepectal plates as in the female. Antennae pale brownish, but the scape, pedicel, and club somewhat paler; legs colored as in the female; wings hyaline. Described from a female and male (type and allotype) reared July 3, 1914, from a nearly full-grown female of a Phenacoccus sp. on apple tree, Lancaster, New Hampshire (Miss G. G. Timberlake); and one male (paratype) reared April 19 from small overwintering female of the same species collected by the writer on March 31 on the bark of apple tree at the same locality. Type.—Cat. No. 19114, U.S.N.M. BOTHRIOCRAERA,! new genus. Very similar to Pseudaphycus described below, but differs in short- ness of face and cheeks and in the punctation of the front and vertex. Female.—Head somewhat hemispherical in shape, but the width greater than the vertical axis; the dorsal aspect, gently rounded, sloping forward and downward, and passing into the face abruptly 1 From 16 Bob ptov, small pit, and 7} Roan, Head: © 568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. ee by a rounded angulation; face and cheeks short, the length of the former about equal to the greatest transverse diameter of the eyes; antennal scrobes prominent, extending the length of the face and uniting above so as to form a half ellipse; eyes large, nearly perfectly oval; occiput rather flat, or but slightly concave, the neck inserted considerably above the center; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, with the posterior pair about twice their own diameter from the occipital rim. Mandibles tridentate with the middle tooth the largest as m Pseudaphycus. Antennae inserted far apart and close to the border of the mouth, 10-jointed; the scape flattened but narrow, extending considerably above the plane of the vertex; pedicel as long as the entire funicle; the latter 5-jointed, its joints short, and increasing in width distad; club large, oval, rather acutely rounded at apex, as long as the pedicel and funicle combined. Body rather robust, the mesoscutum twice as wide as long, the axillae meeting, the scutellum large and acute at apex; abdomen ovate, about one-half longer than wide, the dorsum becoming slightly concave after death, the fifth ventral sclerite reaching to apex of abdomen and enclosing base of the ovipositor, the latter slender and protruded considerably. Legs rather short and stout, the femora flattened. Wings fully developed but very narrow; the marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal nearly one-half the length of the stigmal, the latter moderately long, knobbed at apex and with two short, nearly parallel prongs, the sub- marginal with well-developed bristles. Hind wings narrow, the costal cell extremely narrow, but as wide near the hooklets as at base of the wing. Head and thorax smooth and shining, the front and vertex with several rows of minute punctures, the notum of thorax with scattered punctures of the same sort; the pubescence of head and thorax very fine and dark-colored. General coloration black, but not metallic. Male.—Essentially like the female in all but the sexual characters. Type of genus.—Bothriocraera flavipes, new species. BOTHRIOCRAERA FLAVIPES, new species. Female.—Front and vertex a little over twice as long as the width at the anterior ocellus; dorsal orbits of eyes slightly diverging ante- riorly and to a less degree posteriorly; the ocelli in an equilateral triangle, with the posterior pair about their own diameter from the eye margin; eyes large, oval, with a very fine, short pubescence. Antennal scape flattened and linear; pedicel narrowed at base, as long as all five funicle joints combined; the latter all of equal length, the first rounded, as long as wide, the following increasingly transverse, the fifth about twice as wide as long; club oval, somewhat pointed at apex, about as longvas the pedicel and four of the funicle jomts com- bined, not quite twice as wide in greatest breadth as the last preceding xo. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 569 joint. Wings uniformly ciliated, the oblique hairless streak narrow and nearly reaching the posterior border of the wing; stigmal vein forming an angle of about 45° with the postmarginal. Ovipositor protruded about one-half the length of the abdomen. Length, 0.85 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. Head and thorax shining black but not metallic; the metanotum and propodeum browner; dorsum of abdomen pale brown, the venter dusky yellowish. Antennal scape and funicle brown, the pedicel paler brown, the club yellowish white. Legs uniformly pale straw yellow, the last joint of the tarsi brownish. Exserted part of the ovipositor brownish yellow, becoming blackish at apex. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. Male.—Very similar to the female, but the front and vertex a little wider, not quite twice as long as wide; the ocelli with posterior pair slightly farther apart than the distance from either to the anterior ocellus. Other structural characters apparently identical, as nearly as can be made out in a single poor specimen. Coloration the same, except the abdomen is blackish brown, a little paler on the venter. Length, 0.65 mm. Described from a female and male (type and allotype) reared from a Dactylopiine coccid on Elymus, August 16-21, 1912, Kimballs, Utah (C. N. Ainslie), Webster No. 8823. Type.—Cat. No. 19115, U.S.N.M. Genus PSEUDAPHYCUS Clausen. Pseudaphycus CLAUSEN, Bull. 258, Cal. Agric. Exp. Stat., 1915, p. 41. Comes closest to Bothriocraera, but differences in the shape of the head and the sculpture will serve to separate the species so far known. Female.—Head as seen from the side more distinctly triangular in outline than in Bothriocraera; the dorsal aspect considerably less rounded, the plane of the front meeting the plane of the face at a right angle or but little more (considerably more in Bothriocraera), the angulation between the two rounded; width of head about equal to vertical length; face and cheeks usually long, but sometimes short- ened; antennal scrobes usually pronounced, and meeting above as in Bothriocraera; eyes large, imperfectly oval, being wider anteriorly; occiput moderately to slightly concave, the neck inserted a little above the center; vertex rather narrow, the ocelli in an equilateral or acute-angled triangle, and the posterior pair at least twice their own diameter from the occipital rim. Mandibles rather long and slender, tridentate, the middle tooth longest, the other two nearly opposite each other and subequal. Antennae of the same type as in Bothrio- craera. Structure of the thorax and abdomen the same, but the latter more elongate ovate; ovipositor more or less protruded. Legs some- what longer. Wings fully developed but narrow; the submarginal 570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. vein without strongly developed bristles; marginal punctiform or but very little longer than thick; postmarginal poorly developed, usually but slightly longer than the marginal; stigmal moderate in length, either clavate in shape or suddenly enlarged near apex; hind wings narrow, the costal cell very narrow but extending to the hooklets. Sculpture of head and thorax alutaceous, punctures if present wholly microscopic; vestiture of rather coarse, appressed, whitish hairs as in Aphycus Mayr. Coloration nonmetallic, shades of yellow predom- inating. Male.—Closely resembling the female in all but the sexual char- acters. Type of genus.—Aphycus angelicus Howard. ANALYTICAL KEY OF SPECIES. FEMALES. 1. Wings more or less infuscated, face longer than width of eyes.......-.---------- 2. Wings hyaline, face and cheeks shortened. Coloration pale yellow. 1. graminicola, new species. 2. Ovipositor protruded about one-fifth length of abdomen .....-.---------------- 3 Ovipositor barely protruded, fifth funicle joint and club white. 2. prosopidis, new species. 3. Dorsal orbits of eyes parallel, front ocellus at center of front and vertex. 3. websteri, new species. Dorsal orbits of eyes diverging anteriorly, front ocellus behind center of front and WiGRUOR Nom rise Pee ake tig on cite eeheee snc ad septs tees aaa eee easete 4. angelicus (Howard). 1. PSEUDAPHYCUS GRAMINICOLA, new species. Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; dorsal orbits of eyes parallel; ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about their own diameter from the eye margin, and twice as far from the occipital rim; face and cheeks unusually short, face being no longer than the greatest width of eyes; the latter rather large and covered with an extremely fine, short pubescence. Anten- nal scape narrow, linear; pedicel as long as the first four funicle joints combined, narrowed at base; funicle joints subequal in length, all wider than long and increasingly transverse, the fifth not quite twice as wide as the first; club elongate ovate, a little obliquely rounded at apex, hardly wider than the last funicle joint and as long as the funicle and one-half the pedicel combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak interrupted at the middle, its lower part rather widely separated from the lower margin of wing; the postmarginal vein about one-fourth as long as the stigmal, the two veins forming an angle of about 45°. Ovipositor protruded one- fourth the length of the abdomen. Length, 0.8 to 1.1 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. Front, vertex and notum of thorax chrome lemon gallons slightly dusky ; face, cheeks, occiput, and underparts of body including No. 2186. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 571 venter of abdomen paler yellow; metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdomen except the lateral and posterior yellowish margins blackish brown; sutures of mesonotum narrowly lined with black, especially the suture between pronotum and mesos- cutum; collar of pronotum otherwise whitish or sometimes entirely so; tegulae pale yellowish, sightly brownish on posterior margin. Antennal scape, pedicel, and first one or two joints of the funicle dusky yellowish, with the margins of the scape narrowly blackish; remainder of the funicle and the extreme base of club black, club otherwise yellowish white. Legs concolorous with the underparts, the outer surface of the femora and tibiew slightly dusky, the last joint of the tarsi blackish. Exserted part of ovipositor yellowish, changing to blackish at apex. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. Male.—Similar to the female, but the antennae slightly slenderer, and the dorsum of the abdomen more blackish with the pale margins orange yellow. Length: 0.6 to 0.9 mm. Described from ten females and five males (type, allotype and paratypes a to m) reared from a Dactylopiine coccid on Stipa, Las Vegas, New Mexico, Jan. 16 to March 20, 1912 (C. N. Ainslie), Webster No. 6690; and three females, two males (paratypes n to r) reared from a Dactylopiine coccid on Elymus condensatus, Kimballs’, Utah, Aug. 13-24, 1912 (C. N. Ainslie), Webster No. 8823. Paratypes e, f, o, and p more or less broken, the rest of the specimens in good condition, four of them being mounted on slides. Type.—Cat. No. 19116, U.S.N.M. 2. PSEUDAPHYCUS PROSOPIDIS, new species. Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; dorsal orbits of eyes parallel; oceili in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair nearly touching the eye margin; no pubescence on the eyes. Antennal scape linear, slightly narrower at base; pedicel as long as the first four funicle joints combined, wider at apex than in P. angelicus; funicle joints one to three shorter than the last two, but all wider than long, the last two about twice as wide as the first; club oval, obliquely rounded at apex, as long as the funicle and a little wider than the preceding joint. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak interrupted near its lower end; no bristle- like hairs on any of the veins. Ovipositor barely protruded. Length: 0.8 mm. Front, vertex and mesonotum dull orange yellow, the apex or the scutellum dusky; face, cheeks, and underparts yellowish white; concealed part of occiput and of the pronotum blackish; the meta- notum, propodeum, and dorsum of the abdomen brownish black; tegulae and collar of pronotum whitish, former with lower posterior 572 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. corner brown, latter with a brown dot on each corner. Antennal scape, pedicel, and first four funicle jomts brown, the base of the scape shading into whitish; fifth funicle joint and club white. Legs yellowish white, the tarsi more yellowish with apex of last joint blackish. Wings faintly clouded with brown, but lacking the hyaline cross band of P. angelicus, the whole apex of wing beyond tip of stigmal vein more faintly clouded, the clouded area extending proximad to just beyond the hairless streak, and an additional small spot of pale brown at base of wings along the posterior border; veins pale brownish. Male.—Not known. Described from eight females (type and paratypes) reared from Pseudococcus prosopidis (Cockerell), Aug. 4, 1898, Mesilla, New Mexico (T. D. A. Cockerell), Insectary No. 8182°.1 Type.—Cat. No. 19117, U.S.N.M. 3. PSEUDAPHYCUS WEBSTERI, new species. Female.—Very close to P. angelicus but differs as follows: Dorsal orbits of eyes parallel and not diverging anteriorly; the anterior ocellus exactly at the center of the front and vertex. A bristle-like hair at base of marginal vein and another near apex of the postmar- ginal; oblique hairless streak not interrupted. Orange yellow of front, vertex, and mesonotum brighter; the anterior margin of mesoscutum black, and the axillary sutures lined with black; face, cheeks, and underparis pure white, the venter of abdomen at the middle slightly brownish, the brown band on cheeks more distinct than in P. angelicus, and follows around to the anterior orbits of eyes. Antennae the same except that the fifth funicle jomt is brownish instead of black. Legs white, the anterior femora dusky along their upper margin near apex, hind femora with nearly the whole lower surface slightly dusky; front and middle tibiae with one, the hind tibiae with two wide, but faint dusky annuli, and an addi- tional, very narrow annulus at the apex of the tibiae, especially of the middle pair; tarsi yellowish and not much infuscated on the last joint. Wings clouded as in P. angelicus, the veins darker. Length: 1.2 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. The maximum size of P. angelicus does not exceed 1 mm., apparently. Described from one female (type) reared from the stems of Elymus virginicus, in Feb., 1903, Villa Ridge, Illinois (Ff. M. Webster), Web- ster No. 1924b. Undoubtedly from a Dactylopime coccid on the Elymus. Type.—Cat. No. 19118, U.S.N.M. é Auber on labels of specimens refer to notes on file at the Bureau of Entomology unless otherwise stated. no. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 53 4. PSEUDAPHYCUS ANGELICUS (Howazd). Figs. 34, 51. Aphycus angelicus Howarp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 245. Female.—Front and vertex nearly three times as long as wide, slightly wider anteriorly, the dorsal orbits of eyes diverging; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the lateral pair about half their own diameter from eye margin, the front ocellus a little behind the center of the front and vertex; the eyes nearly glabrous. Antennal scape flattened and gradually becoming wider on apical half; pedicel but little longer than the first three funicle joints combined; all funicle joints distinctly wider than long and subequal in length, the fifth twice as wide as the first; club oval, obliquely rounded at apex, slightly wider at apex than the last funicle joint and as long as the entire funicle. Wings uniformly ciliated; the oblique hairless streak not quite reaching the posterior margin of wing, and interrupted a little below the middle; none of the veins with bristle-like hairs. Ovipositor protruded about one-fifth the length of abdomen. Length: 0.7 to 1 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. Front, vertex, and mesonotum rather dull orange yellow, the mesonotum usually somewhat dusky, with the anterior margin of the scutum sometimes blackish, but the axillary sutures usually not lined with black; face, cheeks, and underparts pale yellowish white, the venter of abdomen slightly dusky, the cheeks with a pale fuscous, narrow, transverse band following the lower orbits of eyes; the con- cealed part of occiput and of pronotum, the metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of the abdomen black; collar of pronotum and tegulae whitish, former with a brown dot on each corner, latter with the lower apical corner brown. Antennae excepting the club black, the. base of scape especially on inner surface whitish, the club snow white; rarely the fifth funicle joint is also white. Legs concolorous with underparts, the tarsi more yellowish, with tip of the last joint black- ish; middle tibiae with a very faint, dusky annulus near the middle. Wings with a faint brownish, integumentary, transverse cloud beyond the oblique hairless streak, interrupted by a narrow, transverse, hya- line band at end of stigmal vein, and by a still narrower, longitu- dinal streak following posterior margin of wing opposite the marginal vein; veins pale brownish. Exserted part of ovipositor yellow, the apex dusky. Male.—Similar to the female, but the front and vertex hardly over twice as long as wide; the dorsal orbits of eyes parallel; face and cheeks shorter; antennae slenderer, the pedicel and club proportion- ately longer, pedicel as long as the first four funicle joints, the club as long as the funicle and one-half the pedicel, 574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. Coloration the same, except that the sides of the abdomen behind the vibrissal plates are yellowish, and the antennal scape blackish, paler at base, pedicel paler blown, first two funicle joits and most of club white, rest of funicle and extreme base of club black. Wings nearly hyaline. Length: 0.65 to 0.8 mm. Material as follows has been examined: Three females, (cotypes) reared from Pseudococcus sp. on passion-flower in summer of 1886 (A. Koebele), three females reared from Pseudococcus sp., Nov. 9, 1907, Los Angeles, California (E. M. Ehrhorn), two females, two males reared from Pseudococcus ryani (Coquillett), Pasadena, California, the females July 28-30, 1911, the males some time later (P. H. Tim- berlake), one male reared from Pseudococcus sp. on Artemisia cali- fornica, Nov. 22, 1912, Whittier, California (P. H. Timberlake), one female reared from Pseudococcus citrophilus Clausen, Sept. 1, 1914, Uplands, California (C. P. Clausen), and a series of both sexes reared from Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) during the latter part of Sept., 1914, Pasadena, California (R. S. Woglum). Type.—Cat. No. 5044, U.S.N.M. Genus ACEROPHAGUS Emily A. Smith. Acerophagus Smiru, North Amer. Entom., vol. 1, 1880, p. 83. Rhopoideus Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 235. Comes nearest to Pseudaphycus, but the shorter, more robust body, the broader head, as well as differences in the dentition of the mandi- bles will separate the known species. Female.—Head as seen from the side imperfectly triangular, moder- ately thick antereo-posteriorly, dorsal aspect gently rounded, passing into face by a rounded angulation; face and cheeks moderate in length, the former a little longer than the transverse diameter of eyes, as seen from in front the head, therefore about as wide as long, nearly circu- lar in outline; antennal scrobes moderately deep, extending nearly the length of face and uniting above; eyes rather small, oval or a little wider anteriorly, frequently pubescent, the long axis obliquely ver- tical; occiput rather deeply concave, the neck inserted near the middle; front and vertex usually broad, the ocelli more frequently arranged in a right or obtuse-angled triangle, the posterior pair about twice their own diameter from the occipital rim. Mandibles rather long and slender, tridentate, the two upper teeth subequal, the lower tooth smaller and more basal. Antennae inserted near the mouth, their bases far apart, scape moderate in length, slender and flattened, reaching but little beyond the plane of front and vertex; pedicel about as long as the first three funicle joints; funicle 5-jointed, all the joints short, increasingly transverse; club oval, about as long as the funicle. Thorax short and robust, the mesoscutum twice as wide as long, the axillae meeting, scutellum nearly as wide as long, its apex No. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 575 slightly rounded. Abdomen short, subrotund and flat in life, but after death the dorsum becomes more or less concave, and the sides compressed; the fifth ventral sclerite reaches to the apex of abdomen and incloses the ovipositor; the latter usually shortly protruded. Legs moderate in length, rather slender, but the hind femora may be slightly or moderately flattened. Wings moderate or small in size; the marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal but little longer; stigmal moderately developed, running nearly parallel with the ante- rior margin of the wing, and enlarged at apex. Hind wings narrow, the costal cell very narrow throughout its length but reaching to the hooklets. Sculpture of head and thorax alutaceous, punctures if present microscopic, pubescence very fine and inconspicuous but sometimes abundant. Coloration entirely yellow of different shades, the antennae and legs concolorous. Male.—Similar to the female in all characters. Type of genus.—Acerophagus coccois Smith. The species here included in Acerophagus are all parasitic in Dac- tylopiine hosts, so far as definitely known, belonging to the genera Pseudococcus, Phenacoccus, and Hrium. Metallon Walker differs in being metallic and in having rudimen- tary wings; Rhopus Foerster has the body much flattened and the antennae dissimilar in the male sex; Psylledontus Crawford is sepa- rated by metallic coloration, the much smaller antennal! club and by the noncompression of the abdomen after death. In these three gen- era the structure of the fifth ventral sclerite is not described, but prob- ably in all three it reaches only to the middle of the venter and leaves the ovipositor free. Rhopoideus Howard can not be distinguished from what is here considered to be Acerophagus Smith. Howard was misled in stating that the mandibles of Rhopoideus citrinus are eden- tate, as there are three teeth as described for the other species here considered. Rhopoideus has no affinity with Arrhenophagus Aurivil- hus, with which it was placed by Ashmead. ANALYTICAL KEY OF SPECIES. 1. Ocelli in a right or obtuse-angled triangle, ovipositor protruded ...........-....-. ee Ocelli in a rather acute-angled triangle, ovipositor not protruded.1. coccois Smith. 2. Front and vertex as wide as long or nearly 60....--......----- 22-2 ence eee eee ee = Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide. Anterior ocellus in center of front and vertex, ocellar angle slightly less than 90°. 2. texanus (Howard). Anterior ocellus considerably behind the center of front and vertex, ocellar angle RMU ope oes Sa ataers oie Se nhs owt we a Soke gee Ae ee 3. gutierreziae, new species. 3. Front and vertex fully as long as wide................---+--- 4. erti, new species. Front and vertex wider than long, wings small, extending but shortly beyond apex Ra A VIO Tee aati 2 2S a Os ek Nes Se che 5. citrinus (Howard), 576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 1. ACEROPHAGUS COCCOIS Smith. Acerophagus coccois Smita, North Amer. Entom., vol. 1, 1880, p. 84, figs. 20-23. Rhopus coccois Howarp, Rept. Comm. Agric. for 1880, 1881, p. 361, pl. 24, fig. 2. Metallon coccois ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900, p. 407. Female.—¥ront and vertex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in rather an acute-angled triangle. Antennal scape short and flattened; pedicel nearly as long as the funicle joints combined; the latter all short, wider than long, subequal in length, and increasing in width, the fifth nearly twice as wide as the first; club large, oval, rather pointed at apex, and as long as funicle and pedicel combined. Wings uniformly ciliated, the oblique hairless streak narrowed above and separated below from the posterior border of the wing by only one row of cilia. Ovipositor not protruded. Length, 0.6 mm. Notum of thorax and abdomen orange yellow, head chrome lemon yellow, under side of thorax, the antennae, and legs pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, the veins nearly colorless. Redescribed from one female reared from Phenacoccus acericola King, July 20, 1898, Springfield, Massachusetts (R. A. Cooley), appar- ently correctly identified. The head and antennae are much shriy- eled so that the above description may not be fully accurate in all details. The location of Miss Emily Smith’s types is not known, if indeed they are still in existence. 2. ACEROPHAGUS TEXANUS (Howard). Fig. 52. Aphycus tecanus Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 245. Female.—Front and vertex about three-fourths longer again than wide, narrowest near the middle; ocelli in a little less than a right- angled triangle, the posterior pair not quite their own diameter from the eye margin and nearly twice their diameter from the occipital rim, the front ocellus at the center of the front and vertex; face as long as the length of the eyes, the scrobes deep and prominent, gradu- ally converging and uniting above; eyes about one-fourth longer than wide, covered with a thick but very short, fine pubescence. Antennal scape slender, shghtly thicker at the middle, hardly extending beyond the plane of front; pedicel a little longer than the first three funicle joints combined; funicle joints subequal in length, the first as long as wide, the following increasingly transverse, the fifth being twice as wide as the first; club thicker near base, gradually tapering to a slightly rounded apex, one-third wider again than the last funicle joint, and as long as the funicle and one-half the pedicel combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened below and narrowly separated from the posterior margin of wing. Ovipositor protruded about one-fourth the length of the abdomen, exserted-por- tion covered with long pubescence. The pubescence of head and No. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. wi thorax abundant but inconspicuous on account of its pale color. Length, 0.8 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. Head, thorax, and abdomen uniformly deep orange yellow, with a slight brownish tinge, antennae and legs concolorous but slightly paler. Wings nearly hyaline, but a faint, integumentary yellowish cloud present on the basal half to the tip of the stigmal vein; the veins pale brownish. LExserted part of ovipositor blackish at apex. Male.—Similar to the female, but the front and vertex a little wider, not over one-half longer than wide; the front, face, cheeks, and under- side of body paler yellow; the wings perfectly hyaline. Length: 0.7 mm. Redescribed from eight females (cotypes), one male reared from Pseudococeus virgatus (Cockerell), July 3, 1895, Brownsville, Texas (C. H. T. Townsend), Insectary No. 5636%, the male not forming a part of the type series. Type.—Cat. No. 5046, U.S.N.M. 3. ACEROPHAGUS GUTIERREZIAE, new species. Aphycus texanus COCKERELL and Parrotr (not Howard), Industrialist, May, 1899, p. 278. Female.—Similar to A. texanus (Howard) in all respects but the following: Front and vertex a little wider, about one-half longer than wide, more coarsely alutaceous; the ocelli fully their own diameter from the eye margin, the anterior ocellus considerably posterior to the center of the front and vertex, the ocellar angle fully 90°. Anten- nal scape slenderer, the pedicel as long as the first four funicle joints. Wings with the oblique hairless streak more narrowly separated from the posterior margin of wing. Ovipositor protruded slightly more or nearly one-third the length of abdomen. Length: 0.7 mm. Coloration entirely paler than in A. tezanus, the notum of thorax pale orange yellow, the head, underparts, and appendages still paler yellow. Wings nearly hyaline, showing but a slight trace of a yellow- ish cloud on basal half. Male.—One poorly preserved male with the head missing shows no marked divergence from the female in coloration. Described from three females, one male (type, allotype, and para- types) reared from Pseudococcus gutierreziae (Cockerell), Las Cruces, New Mexico (T. D. A. Cockerell), Insectary No. 7282, all in poor condition. Type.—Cat. No. 19119, U.S.N.M. 4. ACEROPHAGUS ERII, new species. Female.—¥ront and vertex but very slightly longer than wide; the ocelli in a slightly obtuse-angled triangle, the posterior pair their own diameter from eye margin, and nearly twice their diameter from 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——387 578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. the occipital rim; face as long as the length of the eyes, the antennal scrobes obscure; eyes about one-fourth longer than wide, nearly bare. Antennal scape reaching but little beyond plane of the front, flattened and a little wider near the middle; pedicel as long as the first four funicle joinst combined; funicle joints one to four subequal in length, the first a little wider than long, the following increasingly transverse, the fifth one-half wider again than the first and one-third longer; club elongate oval, one-half wider again than last funicle joint and as long as the funicle and one-third of the pedicel combined. Wings uni- formly ciliated; the oblique hairless streak with an enlarged and cut- off portion below, which does not quite reach the posterior border of wing. Ovipositor protruded about one-fifth the length of the abdo- men, the exserted portion hardly pubescent. Pubescence of head and thorax scanty. Length, 0.7 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. Notum of thorax gamboge yellow, the head and underparts paler yellow, and abdomen more decidedly orange; antennae and legs con- colorous with head and underparts; exserted portion of ovipositor almost entirely black. Wings hyaline, the veins nearly transparent. Pubescence of head and thorax whitish. Male.—In all respects similar to the female, but the front and vertex a little wider than long, and the posterior ocelli farther removed from the eye margin. Coloration the same but thorax paler and contrasting more with the deeper orange-colored abdomen. Length: 0.6 mm. Described from ten females, two males (type, allotype, and para- types a to 7) reared from Hriwm lichtensioides (Cockerell), Salt Lake City, Utah, July 14-16, 1913 (P. H. Timberlake), three of the females (paratypes g to 7) mounted in balsam, rest tag-mounted. Type.—Cat. No. 19120, U.S.N.M. 5. ACEROPHAGUS CITRINUS (Howard). Rhopoideus citrinus Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 235. Female.—¥ront and vortex distinctly wider than long, rather coarsely alutaceous; ocelli in an obtuse-angled triangle of about 105 degrees, anterior ocellus at the center of the front and vertex, pos- terior pair their own diameter from the eye margin and twice as far from the occipital rim; face and cheeks of normal length, the former as long as the length of the eyes, antennal scobes rather deeply impressed; eyes rather small, one-fourth longer than wide, hardly pubescent. Antennal scape reaching but shortly beyond plane of the front, flattened but narrow; pedicel as long as first four funicle joints combined; funicle joints all wider than long, nearly equal in length, and gradually increasing in width so that the fifth is nearly twice as wide as the first; club large, oval, rather pointed at apex, twice as wide as last funicle joint and as long as the funicle and two-thirds of No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 579 the pedicel combined. Wings small, reaching but little beyond apex of abdomen; uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak wide espe- cially on its lower half and separated by about one row of cilia from the hairless streak on the posterior margin of wing; stigmal vein thick and not much narrowed at base. Ovipositor protruded about one- fourth the length of the abdomen, the exserted portion pubescent. Pubescence of head and thorax scanty. Length: 0.6 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. General color, pale orange yellow, the head and underparts slightly paler; antennae and legs concolorous; exserted portion of ovipositor blackish at apex. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. Pubes- cence of head and thorax whitish. Male.—Similar to the female, but head, thorax, and underparts paler, more gamboge yellow, and the abdomen deep bright orange yellow. Length: 0.55 mm. Redescribed from eight females, one male (cotypes), Truckee, Cali- fornia, September, 1885 (A. Koebele), Insectary No. 3821x, one female not belonging to the type series. Host unknown; neither of the insects mentioned by Howard seem likely to be hosts, as all the closely allied forms have been reared from Dactylopiine coccids. Type.—Cat. No. 5027, U.S.N.M. Genus AENASIOIDEA Girault. Aenasioidea GIRAULT, Can. Ent., vol. 43, 1911, p. 171. Female.—Differs from Aphycus Mayr only in the following partic- ulars: Teeth of the mandibles slightly less equal, the upper two being blunt and broad, the lower a little shorter and more acute; antennal pedicel shorter, no longer than the first two funicle joints combined, sometimes no longer than the first joint alone; funicle joints longer and narrower, all usually longer than wide, rarely with the terminal joints a little wider than long, and not increasing greatly in width distad, the club smaller and oval; flagellum on the whole therefore more cylindrical, but the scape is flattened and usually widely expanded below, as in many species of Aphycus. The fifth ventral sclerite of the abdomen reaching to the anus and inclosing the ovipositor, but not plowshare-shaped as originally described, except possibly to a slight degree after death through shrinkage. In shape of head, thorax, and abdomen, in sculpture, vestiture, type of coloration, and venational characters not differing from Aphycus. Male.—Like the female except, that the head is thinner antereo- posteriorly and wider, the front and vertex therefore wider; eyes smaller and the ocelli larger; antennae of a more primitive structure than in the female, the scape being flattened but not much expanded below, the pedicel shorter than the first funicle joimt, the funicle 580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. cylindrical and hardly at all increasing in width distad, clothed with an abundant and rather long pubescence, which is suberect and equally thick throughout, the club solid and pubescent at its base like the funicle. Type of genus.—Aenasioidea latiscapus Girault. Aenasiovdea has no close affinity with Aenasius Walker, with which it was compared by Girault, but on the other hand has descended evidently from an ancestral type common to both itself and Aphycus. The four known species, three from North America and one from Japan, were all reared from species of Kermes. ANALYTICAL KEY OF SPECIES. FEMALES. 1¥ront and ‘vortex longer than ‘wide +.22. 2025.2 Set eae ance renee eee Front and vertex wider than long, the ocelli in an obtuse-angled triangle. 1. A. pulchella (Howard). 2. Ovipositor not at all or barely protruded...........--- ped pao Ovipositor protruded prominently, the scape wider on 1 the b al hale ine apical BN MN AROW a oie ale uate srclais rap eee oa's 9 ofeee nee eeeeare 2. A. tenuicornis, new species. 3. Notum of throrax blackish brown, the tibiae annulated with black. 3. A. kermicola, new species. Notum of thorax orange yellow, the tibiae not marked....4. A. latiscapus Girault. 1. AENASIOIDEA PULCHELLA (Howard) Fig. 3. Aphycus pulchellus Howarp, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 240, 242. Female.—Front and vertex, wider than long; ocelli in a slightly obtuse-angled triangle, the posterior pair more than their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes narrow and deep and not uniting above. Antennal scape more than one-half as wide as long, widest beyond the middle; pedicel about one-third longer than the first funicle joint; funicle joints but slightly increasing in width, the first three a little longer than wide, the last three about as wide as long; club oval, somewhat pointed at apex, a little wider than the preceding joint, and equal in length to the last two funicle joints and one-half of the fourth combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak contracted above, subinterrupted below, the cut-off portion nearly reaching the posterior border of wing and connecting with a spur of the hairless streak present on the posterior margin of wing. Ovipositor not protruded. Length: 1.3 to 1.4 mm. Front, vertex, upper rim of occiput, and entire mesonotum deep orange yellow; hidden portion of occiput and of pronotum, entire metanotum, propodeum and dorsum of abdomen blackish brown; face, cheeks, collar of pronotum, tegulae except for brownish spot, and No. 2186. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 581 underparts, including venter of abdomen and the legs, yellowish white. Antennal scape black with the base, upper margin, and apex narrowly yellowish; pedicel brown with apex yellowish white; first two to four funicle joints brown gradually fading into the pale yel- lowish of the last two or more joints of the funicle and the club. Wings hyaline, the veins dilute yellowish. Male.—Similar to the female in structural and colorational char- acters except as to the antennae. Scape but slightly expanded, widest beyond the middle, and about one-fourth as wide as long; pedicel shorter than the first funicle joint, its width at apex nearly equal to its length; funicle joints not increasing in width, first two of nearly equal length, about one-half longer than wide, last two slightly shorter but longer than wide; club elongate oval, hardly wider than preceding joint and as long as the last two and one-half of the fourth funicle joint, rounded at apex. The scape concolorous with the face, its upper margin on the outer side blackish brown; the pedicel, funicle, and club uniformly brown. Length: 1.3 mm. Redescribed from seven females, three males (cotypes) reared from Kermes sp. on Quercus tinctoria, Ithaca, New York, January 25-30, 1890 (L. O. Howard), Insectary No. 763°. Originally described from nine specimens all supposed to be females, and it seems impossible to determine which one of the above ten specimens can not be considered a cotype. An additional female from Oklahoma is considerably larger, but identical in coloration as far as preserved, the antennae being broken off at the end of the fourth funicle joint. Differs only that the first funicle joint is hardly longer than wide, noticeably smaller than the second, the pedicel proportionately a trifle longer, and the scape slightly wider, its lower margin more fully rounded. Length: 1.8 mm. Specimen is labeled ‘“‘Okla., 727.” Type.—Cat. No. 5035, U.S.N.M. 2. AENASIOIDEA TENUICORNIS, new species. Fig. 20. Female.—F ront and vertex about three-fourths longer again than wide; ocelli nearly in a right-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-half their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes deep; eyes nonpubescent. Antennal scape expanded on the basal half, rapidly narrowing so that most of the apical half is narrow, the greatest width nearly one-third the length; pedicel a little longer than the first and about equal to the second funicle jot; all joints of the funicle longer than wide, not increasing in width, filiform, first and last about equal, the second to fifth a little longer and about three times as long as thick; club cylindrical like the funicle, very little wider, as long as the last two joints and one 582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. half of the fourth funicle joint, rounded at apex, its first joint longer than either of the following two. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened below with the small rounded cut off portion widely separated from the posterior margin of the wing, and not con- necting with the basal hairless streak which hardly extends by point opposite the end of the oblique streak. Ovipositor protruded about one-fourth the length of the abdomen. Length: 1.4, exclusive of ovipositor. Front, vertex, and mesonotum orange yellow, the front paler and the vertex slightly dusky behind the ocelli; face, cheeks, lower half of occiput, and entire underparts yellowish white, the face with a narrow, interrupted blackish band between the lower corners of the eyes, and the cheeks with a large blackish spot in their middle; upper half of occiput, concealed part of pronotum, the metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of the abdomen black, the sides of the latter narrowly whitish from near base to apex; collar of pronotum and tegulae whitish, the former with a blackish brown dot on each corner, the latter with a pale brown dot on the posterior margin. Basal expanded portion of the antennal scape black, the black con- tinuing in a narrow line to apex on the outer face, a narrow line along base and upper margin of inner face of expanded portion and the whole of the apical portion except the black line whitish; funicle and club nearly uniformly brownish black, but apex of the last four funicle joints have a whitish dot on the upper side. Legs concolorous with the underparts, each tibiae with two pairs of blackish dots and an additional dot at the knee joint and at apex of tibiae, the dots at the middle of the middle and hind tibiae obliquely arranged; tip of last joint of all tarsi blackish. Exserted portion of ovipositor pale brown but more yellowish on the under side. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. Male.—¥ront and vertex as wide as long; ocelli in a right-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-third of their own diameter from the eye margin. Antennal scape shaped as in the female, but slightly narrower; pedicle shorter than the first funicle joint, about one-third as long again as wide; funicle joints all of the same length and cylindrical, a little more than twice as long as thick; club as long as the two preceding joints combined and no thicker. Length: 1.0 mm. A spot on the cheeks, the vertex, upper half of occiput, concealed part of pronotum, most of the mesonotum, the metanotum, propo- deum, and dorsum of abdomen black; face, cheeks otherwise, lower half of the occiput and the underparts pale yellowish; posterior corners of the mesoscutum yellow; tegulae and collar of the pronotum whitish and marked as in the female. Antennal scape whitish with a narrow black line along the upper margin of the outer face and No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 583 with a black, oval spot on inner face of expanded portion; the flagellum brownish. Legs and wings as in the female. Described from three females, one male (type, allotype, and para- types) reared from Kermes miyasakvi Kuwana, Akabane, Japan, August, 1909 (S. S. Kuwana). Type.—Cat. No. 18376, U.S.N.M. 3. AENASIOIDEA KERMICOLA, new species. Fig. 4, Female.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes narrow and deep, uniting above, but not so conspicuous as in A. puchella; the eyes with a scanty, fine pubescence. Antennal scape over half as wide as long, widest across the middle; pedicel about one-third longer than the first funicle jomt; funicle joints all of nearly equal length and increasing slightly in width, the first three a little longer than wide, the fourth as wide as long, the last two slightly wider than long; club oval, with apex rounded, about one-third wider than the last funicle joint and nearly as long as the last three funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened and interrupted below, the cut-off portion connecting with a branch of the basal hairless streak on posterior margin of wing. Ovipositor not protruded. Length: 0.75 to 1.25 mm. Front and vertex, upper rim of occiput, and upper part of face above the lower corners of the eyes gamboge yellow; rest of face, cheeks, and sides of occiput pale chrome yellow; collar of pronotum, tegulae, and underparts grayish white, the venter of abdomen more dusky, especially in the middle, and a brown spot on each corner of the collar and one on the hind margin of the tegulae; mesonotum blackish brown, changing to dusky gamboge yellow on the sides, the axillae being almost entirely yellowish; hidden portion of the occiput and of the pronotum, the metanotum, propodeum and dorsum of the abdomen black, the latter with the sides behind the vibrissal plates narrowly whitish. Antennal scape black, with base, apex, and a narrow line on the upper margin white; pedicel black at base, the apical two-thirds white; first two funicle joints blackish, the third somewhat dusky, and the last three yellowish white; club slightly more yellowish. Legs dirty whitish, with a dusky mark on the upper surface of all the femora, smaller and darker on the middle pair; the tibiae with two blackish annuli, narrow on the middle pair and wider on the front and hind pair; the tarsi more yellowish, the last joint blackish. Wings hyaline, the vems dusky yellowish. 584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. Male.—Front and vertex no longer than wide; ocelli in a right- angled triangle, the posterior pair one-half their own diameter from the eye margin. Antennal scape much narrower than in the female, only one-fourth as wide as long; pedicel a little shorter than the first funicle joint; funicle cylindrical, barely increasing in width distad, the first three joints subequal in length and distinctly longer than wide, the last three joints slightly shorter, but still longer than wide unless they collapse or flatten on drying, when the fifth and sixth are about as wide as long; club elongate oval, rather poimted at apex, barely wider than the last funicle joint and as long as the last two and one-half of the fourth jomt of the funicle. Length: 0.75 to 1.0 mm. Coloration similar to the female, but the mesonotum is pure dull black with the yellow on the sides less extensive and more con- trasting; the black of occiput may encroach on the vertex to the ocellar region; face entirely pale yellowish. The antennal scape and apex of pedicel yellowish white; base of pedicel, an oval spot on inner face of scape, and upper margin of the outer face except at base and apex black; the funicle and club uniformly pale brown. Described from seventeen females, one male (type, allotype, and paratypes a to p) reared from Kermes essigii King on Quercus agrifolia, Pasadena, California, August 7, 1912 (P. H. Timberlake), and four females, two males (paratypes g to v) reared from Kermes galliformis Riley, Murray, Utah, September 16-21, 1914 (P. H. Timberlake). The paratypes from Murray, Utah, differ slightly from the Pasa- dena specimens in having the mesonotum more yellowish with less black, and in having the last funicle joints as long as wide. The male from Pasadena is poorly preserved, so that a comparison in this sex is not possible, but the coloration seems nearly identical. Type.—Cat. No. 18370, U.S.N.M. 4. AENASIOIDEA LATISCAPUS Girault. Aenasioidea latiscapus GrrAULT, Can. Ent., vol. 43, 1911, p. 173. Female.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about their own diameter from the eye margin and a little farther removed from the occipital rim; antennal scrobes rather narrow and deep, uniting above. Antennal scape one-half as wide as long, widest across the middle; pedicel nearly as long as the first two funicle joints combined; funicle cylindrical but slightly increasing in width distad, the first four joints distinctly longer than wide, the last two hardly so, the sixth being as wide as long, the third joint longest, the fourth slightly shorter, other four joints subequal and noticeably shorter; club oval, as long as the last three funicle joints combined and nearly twice as wide as the preceding joint. Wings uniformly No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 585 ciliated; oblique hairless streak slightly wider below and inter- rupted, with the cut-off portion rather widely separated from the posterior border of the wing. Ovipositor barely protruded, at least when material is mounted in balsam, probably not noticeably so in life or dry material. Length: 1.1 mm. Front, vertex, and mesonotum rather pale orange yellow; face, cheeks, underparts, and most of the abdomen much paler yellow; center of occiput dusky; concealed part of pronotum, a narrow, transverse line on the anterior margin of the mesoscutum, the meta- notum, propodeum, and a transverse band at the base of abdomen blackish; collar of pronotum and the tegulae pale yellowish. Anten- nal scape black, with the base, a narrow line on upper margin and apical fourth whitish; basal third of pedicel and the first funicle joint black; apex of the pedicel and rest of the funicle and club yellowish white, with the second funicle joint somewhat dusky. Legs pale yellowish, with the tip of the last joint of the tarsi black- ish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. Male.—Not known. Redescribed from three females (cotypes) reared from Kermes pubescens Bogue, Urbana, Illinois, June 25, 1908 (A. A. Girault), loaned by the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. APHYCOPSIS, new genus. Comes closest to Aphycus Mayr, and is similar in general shape of head and body, type of coloration, sculpture, and vestiture of body. The structure of the abdomen also seems to be identical as far as can be made out in the limited material at hand. The more striking differences are as follows: Female.—Antennal scape not flattened or expanded but clavate cylindrical, much thicker at apex than at base, with a groove for the reception of the pedicel; the pedicel nearly as thick at apex as long, and but little longer than the first funicle joint; funicle about as in Aphycus, but the pubescence is comparatively coarse and bristle-like; club oval, somewhat obliquely rounded above at apex, and about as long as the last three funicle joints combined. Vena- tion of wings the same, except that the postmarginal vein is much longer than in Aphycus, and nearly as long as the stigmal. The tibiae of the middle legs enlarged at apex, and the middle tarsi swollen. Male.—Not known. - Type of genus.—Aphycus australiensis Howard. 586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. APHYCOPSIS AUSTRALIENSIS (Howard). Fig. 33. / Aphycus australiensis Howarp, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 245. Female.—Front and vertex one-half longer again than wide; ocelli in an obtuse-angled triangle, the posterior pair about their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes deep and moderately wide, converging and nearly uniting above, the facial prominence well elevated; eyes nearly bare. Antennal scape subcylindrical with the apical half somewhat swollen and excavated on the under side, nearly four times longer than greatest diameter; pedicel about equal to the third funicle joint in length and greatest width; all funicle joints of nearly equal length, the first, fifth, and sixth a trifle shorter, all increasing somewhat in width distad, the first a little longer than wide, the second about equal in length and width, the follow- ing more transverse, the sixth being nearly twice as wide as the first; club somewhat oval, truncate at base, obliquely rounded at apex, its first joint over twice as long as the third, its width slightly greater than that of the last funicle jomt, and its total length equal to the last three funicle joints combined; all parts of antennae covered with moderately thick, stiff, bristlelike hair. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrowed above and extending below almost to the posterior border of wing and nearly connecting with the basal hairless streak. Ovipositor very slightly protruded. Length, 1.4 mm. Color nearly uniformly orange yellow, slightly dusky on the mesonotum; front and face somewhat brighter or more cadmium yellow; collar of pronotum whitish, but tegulae concolorous though paler than body, both unmarked with darker color; propodeum and center of the dorsum of abdomen brown; legs and antennae con- colorous with the body, the club of antennae slightly brownish, and the tip of the last joint of tarsi blackish brown. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. Redescribed from two female (cotypes) reared from Pseudococcus sp. on Eucalyptus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A. Koebele). Type.—Cat. No. 5045, U.S.N.M. Genus ASTYMACHUS Howard. Astymachus Howarp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 238. The type and only known species, Astymachus japonicus Howard.? will be easily recognized from Doctor Howard’s description and need not be further considered here. Type.—Cat. No. 5031, U.S.N.M. 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 239. no. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 587 Genus APHYCUS Mayr. Aphycus Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1876, p. 695. Female.—Head rounded triangular, the occiput concave, the dorsal aspect rounded, the plane of front meeting the facial plane at nearly a right angle, but the angulation rounded off; face nearly flat, sloping downward and backward to the mouth, antennal scrobes usually rather weak, well separated by the facial prominence of cuneate form; cheeks nearly as long as the greatest diameter of the eyes; front and vertex varying considerably in width, but usually much longer than wide; arrangement of ocelli varying from an acute to a right-angled triangle. Antennae inserted close to the mouth, their bases well separated; 11-jointed, comparatively short, pubes- cent; the scape flattened vertically, either linear or with a broad leaflike expansion below; pedicel obconical, usually about as long as the first three funicle joints, sometimes a little shorter; funicle joints in most cases wider than long and increasing noticeably in width distad; club rather large, either pointed or truncate at apex, in shape more or less oval, generally wider than the funicle and about two-thirds as long. Mandibles tridentate with the nearly equal teeth rather blunt. Thorax of about the same width as head, robust, the mesoscutum considerably wider than long, the axillae cuneate, meeting medially, the scutellum subtriangular, with rounded base and rather acutely angled apex. Abdomen usually of the same width as thorax and a little shorter, flattened horizontally, ovate to broadly ovate, the apex rather obtusely rounded, the ovi- positor not inclosed by the fifth ventral sclerite which reaches about to the center of the venter; the ovipositor sheaths reaching to the apex of abdomen or slightly beyond, more rarely protruded to any considerable length; dorsal vibrissae of abdomen situated about one- third the total length of abdomen from its base. Legs rather short, the middle tibial spur short and stout, not as long as the basal tarsal jomt. Wings either hyaline, with an integumentary spot, or banded with areas of dense, dark-colored cilia; oblique hairless streak always present, running from the stigmal vein proximad nearly if not quite to the posterior border of wing; submarginal vein not reaching to the middle of wing except in some of the smaller, short- winged species; marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal reduced to a mere spur, stigmal vein moderate in length and straight; costal cell of hind wing narrow but extending to the hooklets. Sculpture of head and thorax alutaceous, not punctate; head, including eyes, frequently but not conspicuously pubescent; mesono- tum with a grayish or white recumbent vestiture of scattered hairs, rather short and stiff, especially prominent in the dark-colored species. Coloration always nonmetallic, of varying shades of yel- 588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. low, white, brown, and black, yellow usually predominating; antennae usually banded with black and white, rarely of uniform color. Male.—Closely resembles the female in structural characters, but the head is thinner antereo-posteriorly, the front and vertex wider; eyes smaller and the ocelli larger. Antennae always slenderer, the scape not so widely dilated below, the flagellum more pubescent, and the club always solid. The pedicel in most of the species is as long as the first two or three funicle joints combined, but in a few species the whole antenna shows a more primitive structure, the scape being comparatively short and narrow, the pedicel no longer than the first funicle joint alone, the flagellum still more pubescent, cylindrical or increasing but very slightly in width distad. The male usually differs but slightly from the female in color but in a few species is much darker. The antennae are frequently not so distinctly banded, and in many species the flagellum is uni- formly brownish. Type of genus.—Encyrtus apicalis Dalman. The species of Aphycus are numerous and of exceptional economic importance, as they are parasitic in different species of Lecaniwm and related genera, and in many cases serve as an efficient check upon the increase of their hosts. Species of the following genera of the Coccinae are known to be parasitized, sometimes even by more than one species: Pulvinaria, Lichtensia, Filippia, Ceroplastes, Coccus, Toumey- ella, Lecanium, Saissetia, and Physokermes. Species of Aphycus have also been reared from Tachardia and Eriococcus, but records of Dias- pine hosts must be looked upon with suspicion. In 1898 Howard! published a table to separate the species in the female sex, and this with many modifications has served as the basis for the following table. This will aid in the identification of the species, and the author hopes that it will prove to be reliable in the great majority of cases. ANALYTICAL KEY OF SPECIES.? FEMALES. 1. Wings uniformly ciliated and without tegumentary markings.........-------- 9. Wings either with a band of weaker, paler colored cilia, or with a tegumentary spot. Wings with a tegumentary spot.......----... 202 eee eee eee eee cece eee ceeee 2. Wings alternately banded with dark and pale cilia. ........-..+-+-------- 4. A Ee ee et ee ee eee 1Proec. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 240. 2 Since this synopsis was drawn up the description of Aphycus praevidens Silvestri has appeared (Boll. Portici Lab., vol. 9, 1915, p. 295, fig. 52). In the female sex praevidens runs to lounsburyi Howard but the posterior ocelli are more distant from the eye margin; the antennae about the same except that the first three funicle joints are black instead of the first four, and the club is not entirely black; colorationevidently paler, yellowish instead of dark or dusky orange yellow, the metanotum and propodeum without brown markings, the dorsum of the abdomen paler with the brown less extensive. The male is more like pulvi- nariae Howard in haying the flagellum uniformly brown, and the dorsum of the bady is described as ochraceous brown or darker than in either lounsburyi or pulvinariae. NO. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 589 . Scape of antenna not expanded, club yellow or whitish...........-.-.------- 3. Scape moderately expanded, club black, preceding joints whitish. 1. maculipennis, new species. . Antennae entirely yellowish white, ovipositor slightly protruded. 2. albicornis, new species. Club yellow, preceding joints mostly brown, ovipositor strongly protruded. 3. apicalis (Dalman),. . Alternate bands on wings not conspicuously contrasting............--.-...---- 6. Dark colored ciliary bands conspicuous and contrasting with pale areas. Scape widely expanded, wings with only one pale band................-. 5. Scape narrower, about one-third as wide as long, an additional pale area at eRe Or Wie rn eu tone a ene ame ee ee eee 4. lecanii Howard. > Mesonothm blackish brown. --osc0.2 2020.2 cboececeess< 5. fuscipennis Howard. MMeEORO IML OENTACEOURS 2925 Scot cece neck eae noses xt 6. schwarzi, new species. . Ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, pale band of wings narrow................. t. Ocelli in an equilateral triangle. Pale band narrow and interrupted on the anterior border of wing, dorsum of Seciomien WlACIAN a s8S Seno ta sata Soe dds.c ose ae 7. rileyi, new species. Pale band wide and extending across disk of wing, dorsum of abdomen pale brows Wet ot a eo Br 8. RULE new species. Tibiae igh i blackish aural A sae Pee ce a NS eS 9. johnsoni Howard. . Coloration pale orange yellow, no black on the propodeum or dorsum of abdomen. 10. cockerelli Howard. Coloration bright orange yellow, propodeum and dorsum of abdomen blackish a a rece Es NC Sta ah a ed Sia 11. similis, new species. 9. Scape not expanded below, or less than one-third as wide as long............- 23. Scape expanded, at least one-third as wide as long. Club black or blackish brown, preceding joints whitish................. 10. Club yellow except at base, preceding joints black. 12. physokermis, new species. 10> Mesonotuan oranve yellow or yelloWish...1.c0-.2 sence. .cet ce ssviede cence ttc i. Mesonotum: blackish brown: ...-.2... no. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. G20 with a moderately thick but fine, short pubescence. Antennal scape about two and one-fourth times longer than wide, widest across the middle; pedicel as long as the first four funicle joints combined; first four funicle jaints subequal in length and wider than long, the last two considerably longer, the fifth nearly twice as long as the preceding, all joints gradually increasing in width so that the sixth is nearly twice as wide as the first; club oval, obliquely rounded at apex, one- third wider than the preceding joint and about as long as the last five funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrowed above and interrupted below, the cut-off portion more or less connecting with a branch of the basal hairless streak. Length: 0.7 to 0.9 mm. Front, vertex and mesonotum orange yellow; face and cheeks paler yellow, the latter with a large blackish brown blotch next to the mandibles and connecting with the dark coloration of the occiput; tegulae and underparts sordid yellowish white, the former with a brown spot on the posterior margin and the venter of abdomen dusky in the middle; collar of pronotum whitish with a blackish brown dot on each corner; concealed part of occiput and pronotum, the metano- tum, propodeum and dorsum of abdomen blackish brown, the latter fading to yellowish white on the sides behind the vibrissae. Antennal scape black with base, apex and a narrow line on dorsal margin yellow- ish white; base of pedicel, first three or four funicle joints and club blackish; rest of antenna yellowish white. Legs pale yellowish white, the tibiae with two narrow, interrupted blackish brown annuli nearly obsolete on the front pair, and the last joint of the tarsi tipped with blackish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. Male.—Not known. It is probable, however, that oregonensis will prove to be the male of this species. Redescribed from two females (cotypes) reared from a Lecanium on Adenostoma fasiculatum, Alameda County, California, June, 1887 (A. Koebele), Koebele’s No. 252°; and two females reared from Lecanwum corn Bouché, Santa Rosa, California, June 15, 1908 (E. M. Ehrhorn). The following Eastern specimens hardly differ and must be considered to belong here, at least until the species is better known from larger series: One female, Oakland, Maryland, July 12; and one female reared from Lecanium nigrofasciatum Pergande, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, October 22, 1909 (P. R. Myers), Myers’ No. 269. Type.—Cat. No. 5043, U.S.N.M. 694 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 26. APHYCUS ANNULIPES (Ashmead). Coccophagus annulipes ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., vol. 14, 1882, p. 37. Aphycus annulipes Howarp, Bull. No. 5, old ser., U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent., 1885, pp. 19, 41. Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair nearly their own diameter from the eye margin; front, vertex and eyes nearly free from pubes- cence. Antennalscape about one-half as wide as long; pedicel as long as the first three funicle joints combined; funicle joints as far as can. be made out all short and transverse, the sixth about twice as wide as the first and apparently hardly longer; club nearly as wide as long (after collapsing), rounded at apex, about one-fourth wider than the preceding joint and half as long as the funicle; antenna as a whole unusually short. Wings of type broken off and lost. Length, 1.2 mm. (estimated). Front, vertex, and mesonotum bright orange yellow; face, cheeks, occiput, and underparts yellowish white; concealed part of prono- tum, metapostnotum, and dorsum of abdomen (latter according to original description) brownish black; collar of pronotum and tegulae whitish, the former with a brown dot on each corner, the latter not marked. Antennal scape black with the dorsal margin and the base and apex more broadly white; base of pedicel and club black; first two funicle joints brownish, last four joints and apical half of pedicel yellowish white. Legs yellowish white; tibiae with two narrow, pale brown annuli, subinterrupted on the front pair, and broken into two dots on the middle pair (hind tibiae broken off); middle femora with faint brownish dots arranged nearly as on the middle tibiae; last joint of the tarsi tipped with blackish. Wings originally de- scribed as hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. Redescribed from one female (cotype) reared from a Lecanium on Quercus aquatica, Jacksonville, Florida, April 17, 1881 (W. H. Ash- mead). The second cotype female not found. Two other females, Jacksonville, Florida, are labeled as types of annulipes under U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 4751, but must be later speci- mens and belong to pulvinariae Howard. A third female from the same locality, erroneously labeled cotype, is also pulvinariae. Type.—Cat. No. 1477, U.S.N.M. 27, APHYCUS OAXACAE Howard. Aphycus oaxacae Howarp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 246. Female.—Front and vertex as wide as long; ocelli in a right-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-third of their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes deep and narrow, uniting above and together, forming a notch in the anterior margin of the front, the facial prominence well elevated; pubescence slight on both No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 625 front and eyes. Antennal scape hardly flattened, slender, reaching just to the level of the front and vertex; pedicel of the usual length; first funicle joint a little longer than wide, the rest of antenna broken off. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrow, inter- rupted below, the cut-off portion large and separated from posterior margin of disk; basal hairless streak extending halfway from the point opposite the end of the oblique streak to the angulation. Ovi- positor protruded about one-fifth the length of abdomen. Length, 1.3 mm., exclusive of the ovipositor. Front, vertex, and mesonotum brownish orange yellow shading into black on the anterior margin of the mesoscutum; face and a nar- row band on the upper part of the cheeks next to the eye margin creamy white; a transverse band on upper part of face above the lower corners of the eyes, a lunate mark between bases of the an- tennae, lower two-thirds of cheeks with a narrow line across oral margin of the face, and the occiput black; concealed part of pro- notum, the metanotum, propodeum, and abdomen black, the venter of the latter with a wide submarginal streak of whitish on each side; pleura and sternum of thorax yellowish white, with the mesosternum and a rather narrow band across the middle of mesopleura brown; collar of pronotum and tegulae whitish, the former with a large, black dot on each corner almost connecting with the black of the center, the latter with the posterior margin brown. Antennal scape black, with a whitish dot above at apex and a rather narrow, whitish, ob- lique band near base; base of pedicel black, the apical third whitish; funicle and club originally described as dark brown. Legs yellowish white; tibiae with two rather wide, complete brown annuli, indistinct on the front pair and with an additional dot at the knee joint; middle tibiae with a third band at the apex, but the knee joint hardly marked; hind tibiae with an additional dot at the knee joint and the addi- tional apical band indistinct. Exposed part of ovipositor brown. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. Redescribed from one female (type) collected at Oaxaca, Mexico (A. Koebele). Type.—Cat. No. 5047, U.S.N.M. 28. APHYCUS CEROPLASTIS Howard. Fig. 30. Aphycus ceroplastis Howarp, Bull. No. 5, old ser., U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent., 1885, p. 18. Female.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide; ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about one- half their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes rather deep and narrow; eyes nearly smooth. Antennal scape flat- 10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——40 626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. tened on underside, five times longer than wide; pedicel nearly as long as the first two and one-half of the third funicle jot; first two and last two funicle joints nearly equal in length, the third notice- ably longer and the fourth a little shorter, the first two about as long as wide, the third longer than wide and the last three wider than long, all increasing gradually in width so that the sixth is about twice as wide as the first; club oval, rounded at apex, one-third wider again than the preceding joint and as long as the last three and one- half of the third funicle joint combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened but not interrupted below and con- necting with a branch of the basal streak. Ovipositor protruded about one-sixth the length of abdomen. Length: 1.1 to 1.4 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. Head gamboge yellow with the upper half of the center of occiput blackish brown and the cheeks with a broad, oblique, pale brown band across the middle; concealed part of pronotum, the metanotum, propodeum and most of the dorsum of abdomen blackish brown, the base and sides of the latter anterior to the vibrissae gamboge yellow; collar of pronotum whitish with a blackish brown dot on each corner almost aways connecting with the brown of the center; mesonotum gamboge yellow with the anterior margin of the scutum and the entire scutellum blackish brown, or the middle of scutum and the axillae also brown shading into the yellow of the sides; most of meso- pleura, the metapleura and venter of abdomen brown to blackish brown; anterior margin of mesopleura and propleura gamboge yel- low; prepectal plates and tegulae yellowish white, the latter brown- ish on the apical margin. Antennae pale brown, the scape shading into yellowish at base and apex and with a darker brown streak on outer surface of apical half; pedicel yellowish at apex and the last two funicle joints more or less yellowish; club darker brown but paler at apex. Legs gamboge yellow with the tip of the last joint of the tarsi blackish. Wings nearly hyaline but marked with a very faint, roundish cloud beneath stigmal vein reaching about half way to the posterior margin of disk; veins pale yellowish. LExserted part of ovipositor gamboge yellow, shading into brownish at apex. Male.—Front and vertex about one-fourth longer again than wide; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair nearly their own diameter from the eye margin. Antennae nearly as in the female, but slightly shorter and less robust, the club narrower, hardly wider than the preceding joint and about as long as the last three funicle joints combined. Length: 0.9 mm. Upper parts black, including vertex of head, upper half of occiput and all of pronotum except the narrow, white collar, the lateral margin of the mesocutum shading into yellowish; front yellow; face, lower part of cheeks next to mandibles and lower half of the occiput No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 627 paler yellow; upper half of cheeks and sides of the head pale brown; propleura, prepectal plates and anterior margin of the mesopleura pale yellow; rest of mesopleura and the metapleura brown; venter of abdomen dusky yellowish. Antenna almost uniformly brown, the apical third of pedicel whitish. Legs and wings as in the female. Redescribed from eight females, one male (cotypes) reared from Ceroplastes species on Artemisia, Silver City, New Mexico, March, 1879 (H. H. Rusby); two females reared from Ceroplastes irreqularis Cockerell, Mesilla Park, New Mexico, October 16, 1896 (C. H. T. Townsend); and one female from Mesilla Park, New Mexico, March 16 (T. D. A. Cockerell). The remaining four females and one male from the type series are apparently lost. Type.—Cat. No. 2643, U.S.N.M. 29. APHYCUS MEXICANUS Howard. Figs. 32, 49. Aphycus mexicanus Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol 21, 1898, pp. 241, 247. Female.—Front and vertex about two and one-half times longer than wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-fourth their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes broad and rather deep; eyes rather thickly pubescent with a short, fine pile. Antennal scape flattened on the underside, but not expanded, about five times longer than wide; pedicel a little longer than the first two funicle joints combined; first funicle joint small, about one-half as long as the second and as long as wide, the second, fourth, and fifth subequal in length and a little longer than the third and sixth, all increasing gradually in width so that the last is about twice as wide as the first but only the last distinctly wider than long, the second being longer than wide; club oval, obtusely rounded at apex, about one-fourth wider again than the preceding joint and a little longer than the last three funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak nar- rowed above and interrupted below, the cut-off portion connecting with a rather indistinct branch of the basal hairless streak; stigmal vein longer and slenderer than usually. Ovipositor protruded about one-fourth the length of abdomen. Length: 1.4 to 1.5 mm., exclu- sive of ovipositor. Front, vertex and mesonotum dull orange yellow; face, checks, and underparts varying to cadmium yellow with the upper part of face usually lemon yellow; center of occiput dusky; concealed part of pronotum, the metanotum to a more or less degree, propodeum and dorsum of abdomen blackish brown, the lateral and apical mar- gins of the latter cadium yellow posterior to the vibrissae; collar of pronotum dirty white with a blackish dot on each corner; propleura, prepectal plates and tegulae yellowish white, the latter brown on 628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. the posterior margin. Antennal scape yellow on the inner side, black on upper margin and the outer surface except at base and apex and with an indistinct, median, longitudinal yellowish streak; basal two-thirds of pedicel and club black, both shading into yellowish at apex; first four funicle joints blackish brown, the fifth dusky at base, last two joints otherwise yellow. Legs concolorous with under- parts, the tip of last joint of the tarsi blackish. Exserted portion of ovipositor cadmium yellow but becoming dusky at apex; wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. Male.—Front and vertex nearly twice as long as wide; ocelli in a slightly acute-angled triangle; the posterior pair close to the eye margin. Antennae much as in the female, but the first funicle joint more than half as long as the second, the second, third, and fourth joints subequal in length, the last two a little longer, and the club a little narrower than in the female and more tapering toward the apex. Length: 0.9 mm. Face, cheeks, and front dull orange yellow approaching cadmium yellow; vertex, occiput, and upper parts of thorax and abdomen dull black; collar of pronotum narrowly whitish with a black dot on each corner uniting below with the black of the concealed portion; meso- scutum slightly yellowish on each side close to the tegule; tegule pale yellowish with their posterior margin brown; under side of tho- rax cadmium yellow, the venter of abdomen blackish brown. Anten- nal scape brown on the upper side, yellowish below; pedicel brown with apex yellowish; funicle and club nearly uniformly brown. Legs and wings as in the female. Redescribed from nineteen females, five males (cotypes) reared from Ceroplastes species, Mexico City, Mexico (C. H. T. Townsend), and two females (cotypes) reared from Ceroplastes cirripediformis Com- stock, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, December 25, 1897 (H. A. Morgan). In reference to the name and larger series Mexico City should be con- sidered the type locality. Type.—Cat. No. 5050, U.S.N.M. 30. APHYCUS ERUPTOR Howard. Figs. 31, 50. Aphycus eruptor Howarp, Rep. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1881, p. 364, pl. 23, fig. 5. Female.—Front and vertex about two and one-half times longer than wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair ebout one-half their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes rather shallow and broad; eyes with a very fine, sparse pubescence. Antennal scape flattened below but not expanded, about five times longer than wide; pedicel as long as the first two and one-half of the third funicle joint; first funicle joint small and roundish, a little wider No. 2136. REVISION OF THRE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKR. 629 than long, following joints longer with the second and sixth a little shorter than the others, all increasing gradually in width so that the last is twice as wide as the first joint, but only the sixth is considerably wider than long; club oval, rounded at apex, about one-third wider than the preceding joint and as long as the last three funicle joints combined. Wings asin mexicanus. Ovipositor protruded about one- fifth the length of abdomen. Length: 1.1 mm., exclusive of ovi- positor. Front and vertex brownish orange yellow; face, cheeks, occiput, and entire underparts dull gamboge yellow; upper side of thorax and abdomen bright cadmium yellow, with a brown spot on each side of the propodeum and the apical half of the abdomen more gamboge yellow; concealed part of pronotum black; collar of pronotum, pre- pectal plates, and tegule whitish, the collar with a small blackish dot on each corner, and the tegule brownish on the posterior margin. Antennae in general concolorous with the face, the scape with a longi- tudinal brown streak on upper margin of the outer surface, the base of pedicel brown, the first three funicle joints dilute brownish, fading gradually into the pure yellowish of the last three joints, club black but becoming yellowish brown at apex. Legs concolorous with the underparts, the tip of last joint of the tarsi blackish. Exserted part of ovipositor gamboge yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yel- lowish. Male.—¥ront and vertex about one and two thirds times longer than wide; ocelli in a less acute-angled triangle than in the female, the posterior pair about one-fourth their own diameter from the eye margin. Antennae nearly as in the female, but the first three funicle jomts more roundish, the funicle as a whole and the club more slender. Length: 1.0 mm. Front, vertex, and upper rim of occiput orange yellow with a brown- ish spot between the posterior ocelli; face, cheeks, and most of the underparts, including the venter of abdomen, gamboge yellow, the prepectal plates and upper anterior part of the mesopleura more lemon yellow; upper concealed part of occiput and pronotum, most of mesonotum, metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdomen brownish black, the mesoscutum fading into gamboge yellow on the sides next to the tegulae, and margins of the scutellum and part of metanotum brownish yellow; collar of pronotum and tegule yellow- ish white, the former with a black dot on each corner, the latter with the posterior margin blackish brown. Antennal scape and pedicel yellowish brown, marked with darker brown as in the female; flagel- lum brown, fading into yellowish on the last two funicle joints and at apex of club. Legs and wings as in the female. Described from five females, three males reared from Ceroplastes sp., Fort Myers, Florida, July 23 to August 1, 1907 (EK. A. Back), 630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Morrill, Nos. 2006 and 2007; and one male (metatype and erroneously labeled with type No. 2609, U.S.N.M.), collected in northern Vir- ginia, June, 1879 (Th. Pergande). The latter specimen is in poor condition, but agrees as far as preserved with the males from Florida. The type female and male could not be found, but the insect de- scribed above agrees fairly well with Howard’s description, and ap- parently the only reason to doubt the identification lies in the fact that the types were reared from a Lecanium instead of a Ceroplastes. Type-locality.—F¥ ort George, Florida. Type.—Cat. No. 2609, U.S.N.M. 31. APHYCUS STOMACHOSUS Girault. Figs. 29, 46. Aphycus stomachosus GiRAULT, Psyche, vol. 16, 1909, p. 77. Aphycus flaviceps Kine (not Howard), Can. Ent., vol. 31, 1899, p. 141. Female.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide; ocelli in a slightly acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes broad and shallow, facial prominence not much elevated; eyes with a sparse, extremely short, fine pubescence. Antennal scape flattened and a little wider at the middle, about three times longer than greatest width; pedicel as long as the first three funicle joints combined; first three funicle joints subequal in length and width and about as long as wide, the last three increasingly wider and more transverse, and the last two also slightly longer than the preceding, the sixth not quite twice as wide as the first; club oval, obtusely rounded at apex, about one-third wider again than the preceding joint, and nearly as long as the last five funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrowed above and interrupted below, the cut-off portion separated from the posterior margin of disk and from the basal hairless streak. Ovipositor slightly pro- truded. Length: 0.7 to 1.2 mm. General color deep bright orange yellow, most vivid on the front, vertex, and mesonotum; face, cheeks, and underparts a little paler; collar of pronotum concolorous with a black dot on each corner; occiput entirely orange yellow, but the pronotum has a narrow black- ish transverse band on the concealed portion; tegulae yellowish white, with their posterior margin blackish brown; prepectal plates paler than rest of pleura or yellowish white; metanotum, propodeum, and most of the dorsum of abdomen more or less brownish. An- tenn concolorous with the face; scape with a small spot of brownish at the middle, on dorsal margin; first four funicle joints brownish and base of club blackish brown. Legs a little paler yellow than underparts, the tip of the last joint of the tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, the veims pale brownish. No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 631 Male.—¥ront and vertex about one-fourth longer than wide; ocelli in an equilateral triangle or nearly so, the posterior pair about their own diameter from the eye margin. Antennae very nearly as in the female, but the club slenderer, more truncate at apex, and as long as the last four joints combined. Length: 0.7 to 1.2 mm. Coloration as in the female, but the face, cheeks, and underparts decidedly paler than notum or chrome yellow, the prepectal plates concolorous with the rest of pleura; metanotum, propodeum, and central part of the dorsum of abdomen darker brown. Antennal scape and pedicel as in the female, but the funicle and club pale brown with the sixth funicle joint sometimes a little paler. Redescribed from four females (cotypes) reared from Lecanium migrofasciatum Pergande, Carbondale, Iinois, June, 1908 (A. A. Girault); two males from the same host, Lawrence, Massachusetts, February 11, 1899 (Geo. B. King); two females, one male reared from same host, February 5, 1897, Insectary No. 472°; two females, Salem, Ohio, September, 1903; and a large series of both sexes reared from the same Lecaniwm, Mount Alto, Pennsylvania, during May and June, 1913 (Ff. L. Simanton), Quaintance No. 6130. Type.—Cat. No. 11997, U.S.N.M. 32. APHYCUS ERIOCOCCI, new species. Female.—Front and vertex three times longer than wide; ocelli in a strongly acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair almost touching eye margin and about their own diameter apart; antennal scrobes broad and shallow; eyes nonpubescent. Antennal scape strongly flattened but not expanded below, the lower margin gently curved, a little over four times as long as wide; pedicel as long as the first three and one-half of the fourth funicle joint combined; first three funicle joints equal in length, the fourth slightly longer, the last two equal and a little longer than the fourth, all increasing gradually and slightly in width distad, the sixth about one-half wider again than the first, the first three a little wider than long, the sixth considerably so, but the fourth and fifth about as long as wide; club elongate oval, tapering distad, and slightly obliquely truncate at apex, one-third wider again than the preceding joint and as long as the last five funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak not reaching to the stigmal vein and interrupted below, the small cut-off portion well separated from the posterior margin of disk and from the basal streak; the latter reaching nearly to the angulation or to a point opposite the end of the stigmal vein. Ovi- positor protruded about one-eighth the length of the abdomen. Length: 0.9 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. Front, most of occiput, face, and cheeks pale chrome yellow, be- coming whitish at the oral margin, and a very narrow blackish line 632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. on the cheeks at roots of mandibles; vertex pale clay yellow; center of occiput dilute blackish; concealed part of pronotum, the meta- notum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdomen brownish black, the lat- eral and apical margin of the latter broadly white; mesonotum dark brown shading into clay yellow on the lateral margin of the scutum and scutellum and on the axillae; collar of pronotum, tegulae, and underparts ivory white, the collar of pronotum with a blackish dot on each corner, the tegulae brownish on their posterior margin, and the venter of abdomen dusky in the center. Antennae black with the basal and apical third of scape, the apical half of pedicel and last three funicle joints white. Legs white, with the tarsi more yellowish and apex of the last joint blackish; tibiae with two rather wide, subinterrupted blackish annuli, fainter on the front pair and with an additional dot at apex and at knee joint of the middle and hind pair. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. Exserted part of ovipositor yellowish becoming blackish at apex. Male.—Not known. Described from two females (type and paratype) reared from Ervococcus howardi Ehrhorn on Quercus utahensis, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 4-6, 1914 (P. H. Timberlake). Type.—Cat. No. 19121, U.S.N.M. 33. APHYCUS BRUNNEUS Howard. Aphycus brunneus Howarp, Bull. No. 5, old ser., U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent., 1885, p. 17. The type and only known specimen of this species could not be found. As it was reared from a Diaspine host, Aulacaspis rosae (Bouché) it can hardly be a true Aphycus and will probably prove to belong to Coccidencyrtus Ashmead. The type locality is Vine- land, New Jersey. Type.—Cat. No. 2642, U.S.N.M. 34. APHYCUS NITENS Kourdumoff. Aphicus nitens Kourpumorr, Rey. Russe d’Ent., vol. 12, 1912, p. 334, fig. 7. This species has not been seen by the writer. It was reared from Eriococcus greeni Newstead at the Poltava Experiment Station, Russia, 35. APHYCUS HEDERACEUS (Westwood). Encyrtus hederaceus Westwoop, Philos. Mag., ser. 3, vol. 10, 1837, p. 441. Encyrtus fulvifrons WALKER, Ent. Mag., vol. 5, 1838, p. 109. Aphycus hederaceus Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1876, pp. 695, 696. Specimens of this species also have not been seen and the synonymy is taken from Mayr. No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 633 36. APHYCUS ALBERTI Howard. Figs. 27, 48. Aphycus alberti Howarp, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 247. Aphycus flavus Howarp (part), Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 241. Aphycus sp. near coquilletti TIMBERLAKE, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 6, 1913, p. 294. Female.—Front and vertex about three times longer than wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-fourth their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes broad and rather deep; eyes with an abundant but short, fine pubescence. Antennal scape flattened but not expanded below, a tittle less than four times as long as wide, widest on the apical half; pedical about as long as the first three funicle joints combined; first four funicle joints subequal in length, the last two about one-third longer, all increasing shiehtly in width so that the sixth is about one-third wider again than the first; club oval, rounded at apex, nearly twice as wide as the pre- ceding joint and as long as the last five funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrow throughout and interrupted below, the cut-off portion separated from the pos- terior margin of disk. Length, 0.7 to 0.9 mm. Front, vertex and upper parts of thorax and abdomen brownish orange yellow, the head brighter, the propodeum and center of abdo- men more brownish; face, cheeks, occiput excepting a black spot on each side above the neck, and underparts paler or more cadmium yellow, the cheeks sometimes faintly tinted with brown next to the occiput; concealed part of pronotum with two small blackish brown spots, and the posterior margin of the collar whitish with a blackish dot on each corner; tegulae concolorous with underparts with their posterior margin brownish. Antennae concolorous with face, with a large blackish spot on lower side of the apical half of scape appearing on both outer and inner surface, basal half and two-thirds of pedicel and club respectively and first four funicle joints black or blackish. Legs concolorous with underparts with the tip of the last joint of tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. Male.—F¥ront and vortex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair one-half their own diam- eter from the eye margin. Antennae nearly as in the female, but the scape is narrower or linear and the club smaller. Length, 0.5 mm. Front brownish orange yellow; most of vertex, the occiput and upper part of thorax and abdomen brownish black sometimes varying to brown, with the sides of mesoscutum and axillae, and lateral mar- eins of the abdomen at the vibrissae narrowly brownish orange yellow; face, cheeks and underparts as in the female except that the venter of abdomen is more or less brownish or brownish orange yellow. Antennal scape and pedicel colored as in female but the funicle and 634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. club entirely blackish brown darkest on the club. Legs and wings as in the female. Redescribed from one female, one male (cotypes) reared from Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, Sydney, New South Wales (A. Koebele) ; three females, two males, from same host, Los Angeles County, Cali- fornia, April (A. Koebele), and seven females, two males with the same data but reared in August, Koebele’s number 160°; one female from same host, Avalon, Catalina Island, California, September 12, 1912 (P. H. Timberlake); five females, four males from same host, Carpenteria, California, July 12 to August 27, 1911 (P. H. Timberlake) ; and a series of both sexes reared from the same host in reproduction experiments with females from Carpenteria. The Koebele specimens from Los Angeles County were determined by Howard as flavus and constitute the California record for flavus in his 1898 paper. Type.—Cat. No. 5051, U.S.N.M. 37. APHYCUS PHILIPPIAE Martelli. Aphicus philippiae MARTELLI, Boll. Portici Lab., vol. 2, 1908, pp. 236, 245—Mast, Boll. Partici Lab., vol. 3, 1908, p. 100, fig. 8. This species has not been seen by the writer. It was reared from Filippia oleae (Costa), Catanzara and Gizzeria, Calabria, Italy, and from a Lecanium, Novara, Sicily. 38. APHYCUS FLAVUS Howard. Figs. 26, 47. Aphycus flavus Howarp, Rep. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1881, p. 365. Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair close to the eye margin; eyes nearly nonpubescent. Antennal scape flattened and narrow, about four times as long as wide, widest near the middle; pedicel a little longer than the first three funicle jomts combined; first five funicle joints of nearly equal length, the sixth slightly longer, the last four increasing gradually in width so that the sixth is about twice as wide as the first, and all wider than long except the first two, which are about as long as wide; club oval, slightly pointed at apex, a little wider than the last funicle jomt, and nearly as long as the last five funicle jomts combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened and interrupted below, the cut-off portion separated from the posterior margin of disk and from the basal hairless streak. Length, 0.7 to 1.2 mm. Front, vertex, and upper surface of body bright orange yellow, the propodeum and dorsum of abdomen sometimes slightly brownish; face, cheeks, and underparts similar but paler yellow; collar of pro- notum and tegulae pale yellowish with a blackish dot on each corner No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 635 of the former, and the posterior margin of the latter brown; center of occiput usually yellow, sometimes blackish; the concealed part of pronotum either yellow or blackish. Antennae concolorous with face, with a small spot on upper margin of outer surface of scape near apex, base of pedicel, first three funicle joints and basal half of club brownish or blackish. Legs concolorous with underparts, with apex of the last joint of tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. Male.—Nearly like the female but the front and vertex a little wider and the antenna more slender. Length, 0.6 to 1.0 mm. Coloration as in the female except that the metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdomen are dark brown. with the lateral margins of the latter yellow. Antennae as in female except that the whole flagellum may be uniformly brown. Redescribed from the following material: One female, Jackson- ville, Florida (W. H. Ashmead); one female reared from Toumeyella liriodendrt (Gmelin), Crescent City, Florida, March 18, 1895 (H. G. Hubbard); one female from the same host, Molino, Florida, May 25, 1894 (S. S. Harvey); four males from same host, Laurel, Maryland, June 11, 1912 (E. R. Sasscer); two females, five males reared from Tachardia on Acacia, San Diego, Texas, July 12, 1896 (E. A. Schwarz) ; one female, one male reared from Tachardia species on. ‘‘Huajillo”’ with no locality given; three females, one male reared from Pulvinaria pyriformis Cockerell, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad (P. Lachmere-Guppy) ; one female reared from Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, Lima, Peru, December 21, 1909 (C. H. T. Townsend), Townsend No. 140° 3a; a large series of both sexes reared from Pulvinaria species on sweet potato, Sullana, Piura, Peru, during February and March, 1912 (EK. W. Rust), received from Messrs. Townsend and Rust under No. 35° 3a; one female, one male reared from Saissetia oleae (Bernard), Palermo, Sicily, received from H. S. Smith under California State Insectary No. 7200 and d. The type female of this species from Palatka, Florida, could not be found. It was supposed to have been reared from Lepidosaphes beckit (Newman), but the record is undoubtedly erroneous. There are slight but apparently constant differences in coloration in material from different localities which are probably due to local variation and not of specific value. The females from Trinidad have the face, cheeks, underparts of thorax, and the abdomen bril- liant chrome lemon without dark markings on the concealed part of the occiput and pronotum. The material from Peru varies from bright orange to a little paler and there is a small transverse blackish spot on the concealed part of the pronotum. The males also differ in having but a slight brownish infuscation in the center of the dorsum of abdomen. Type.—Cat. No. 2610, U.S.N.M. 636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 39. APHYCUS LUTEOLUS, new species. Figs. 28, 45. Aphycus flavus QUAYLE (not Howarp), Bull. 214, Cal. Agric. Exp. Stat., 1911, p. 476, figs. 28, 30.—Quayze and Rust, Bull. 223, Cal. Agric. Exp. Stat., 1911, pp. 190, 194, figs. 14, 18. Aphycus species near flavus TIMBERLAKE, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 6, 1913, p. 294. Female.—Front and vertex twice as long as wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes rather deep and distinct; pubescence of eyes sparse and extremely short and fine. Antennal scape flattened but not expanded, very nearly linear with the lower margin slightly curved, about four times longer than wide; pedicel about as long as the first three funicle jomts combined; first five funicle joints subequal in length, the sixth slightly longer, all grad- ually increasing in width so that the sixth is twice as wide as the first and all wider than long with the first two less distinctly so; club oval, rather pointed at apex, about one third wider again than the last funicle jomt and as long as the last five preceding joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened and interrupetd below, the cut off portion uniting with a distinct branch of the basal hairless streak. Length: 0.7 to 1.1 mm. General color above pale clay yellow, the front and vertex some- what more orange yellow; face, cheeks, and underparts brighter yellow or nearly chrome lemon; concealed part of pronotum, a dot on each corner of collar, posterior margin of tegulae and the sutures of mesonotum to a more or less degree blackish brown; collar of pronotum and tegulae otherwise yellowish white; metanotum, propodeum and most of the basal half of dorsum of abdomen dilute blackish brown. Antennae concolorous with the face, with a large spot on scape near apex above, base of pedicel on upper side, first three funicle joints and lower side of fourth, and basal half of club blackish. Legs concolorous with the underparts with the apex of last joint of tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellow- ish. Male.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide; ocelli in a slightly acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about their own diameter from the eye margin. Antennae as in female but a little slenderer. Length: 0.7 to 0.8 mm. Coloration as in the female except for the following details: Front and vertex chrome lemon and concolorous with face and cheeks; dorsum of abdomen with the dark markings more extensive and deeper, often entirely blackish brown except on lateral margins posterior to the vibrissae; the flagellum of antennae entirely blackish brown. No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 637 Described from six females, two males (type, allotype, and para- types a to f) reared from Coccus hesperidum Linneus, Santa Paula, California, August 15-28, 1912; one female, three males (paratypes g to 7) from same host, Whittier, California, April 21, 1911; four females (paratypes k to n) from same host, Carpenteria, California, September 20-22, 1912; two females (paratypes 0 and p) from same host, Sacramento, California, November 22, 1912; one female (paratype q) reared from Saissetia oleae (Bernard), Chula Vista, Cali- fornia, September 5, 1912; and one female (paratype r) from the latter host, Sweetwater Dam, California, September 10, 1912 (P. H. Timberlake). Additional specimens in the writer’s collection from most of the above localities may be considered as metatypes; also three females, two males reared from Coccus citricola Campbell, Claremont, California, July 10-17, 1912 and 1913 (R. E. Campbell). Type.—Cat. No. 18377, U.S.N.M. 40. APHYCUS OREGONENSIS Howard. Fig. 54. Aphycus oregonensis Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 246. Male.—F¥ront and vertex nearly twice as long as wide and ocelli in an acute-angled triangle (in the largest cotype) or front and vertex only about one-half longer again than wide and ocelli in an equilateral tri- angle or nearly so (in rest of cotypes, which are considerably smaller) ; posterior ocelli about one-half their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes broad and shallow; eyes with a fine, delicate pubescence. Antennal scape flattened and but slightly expanded, widest just beyond the middle, nearly four times longer than wide; pedicel as long as first two and one-half of the third funicle joint; first four funicle joints of equal length, the last two longer, the sixth a little longer than the fifth, first joint about as long as wide, the follow- ing increasingly wider, the last nearly twice as wide as the first; club oval, rounded at apex, hardly wider than the preceding joint and as long as the last four funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened and interrupted below, the large cut-off portion uniting with an indistinct branch of the basal hairless streak. Length, 0.9 to 1.2 mm. Front, vertex, and mesonotum dull orange yellow; face, cheeks, occiput, and. under parts yellowish white, the cheeks with a large brownish spot next to the mandibles, and the center of occiput above the neck dusky; concealed part of prenotum, anterior margin of mesoscutum, most of metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdo- men brownish black; collar of pronotum and tegulae whitish, the for- mer with a blackish dot on each corner, the latter with their posterior margin pale brown; sutures of mesonotum lined with blackish and the mesoscutellum slightly brownish. Antennal scape blackish 638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. with a wide yellowish band on dorsal margin of inner surface, and base and apex yellowish on outer surface; pedicel brownish yellow on outer side and blackish on inner surface; funicle and club brown, with the last two funicle joints slightly paler. Legs pale yellowish; tibiae with two broad brown annuli at the base and near middle, fainter and narrower on hind pair and still fainter on front pair; last joint of the tarsi tipped with blackish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. Female.—Not known. Redescribed from eight males (six of them cotypes) reared from a Pulvinaria on Ribes, Aumesville, Oregon, February 1-17, 1890 (F.S. Mattison). This species will presumably prove to be the male sex of californicus Howard. Type.—Cat. No. 5048, U.S.N.M. 41. APHYCUS AMOENUS Howard. Aphycus amoenus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., vol. 26, 1896, p. 150. The type of this species was not accessible for study and no other specimens were examined. Judging from the description it is closely related to rusti described from Peru but considerably darker in coloration. It was described from a single male collected at Bal- thazar, Grenada (H. H. Smith). Type.—In the British Museum. 42. APHYCUS IMMACULATUS Howard. Aphycus immaculatus Howarp, Insect Life, vol. 6, 1894, p. 236, fig. 11. The type, a single male mounted on a slide, was not found in the United States National Museum, and no other specimens are known. The species is apparently similar to alberti Howard but distinct, judging from the description and figure. It was supposed to have been reared from Chrysomphalus aurantvi (Maskell), but if it is a true Aphycus, the record is undoubtedly erroneous. Type.—Cat. No. 1474, U.S.N.M. 43. APHYCUS HOWARDI Cockerell. Aphycus howardi CocKERELL, Can. Ent., vol. 30, 1898, p. 276. The single type specimen of this species in the United States National Museum is so badly damaged that its relationship with the other species considered in this paper could not be determined, and it consequently was not included in the synoptic table. It should, however, be easily recognized by its bright scarlet coloration, which is unique. It was reared from LEriococcus tinsleyy Cockerell at Mesilla Park, New Mexico. Type.—Cat. No. 19181, U.S.N.M. No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 639 Fig. Fig. 9. 10. ls 12, By 14. 15. 16. Fig. wNHonwnnwbd Ye ee BPwnr OO WO 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 3D. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 26. . S Antennae of female. . Aphycus fuscipennis. A. schwarzi. . Aenasioidea pulchella. Ae. kermicola. . Aphycus kingt. . A, subfasciatus. . A; rileyt. . A, johnsoni. PLATE 27. Antennae of female. . cockerelli. . lecanii. . maculipennis. . coquilletti. . physokermis. . lichtensiae. . pulvinariae. A. maculipes. Rr bh hh PLATE 28. Antennae of female. . A. mayri. . A. melanostomatus. . A. similis. . Aenasioidea tenwicornis. . Aphycus californicus. . A. albopleuralis. . A. pulvinariae. . A. lounsburyi. PLATE 29, Antennae of female, . claviger. flavus. . albertt. . luteolus. . stomachosus. . ceroplastis. . eruptor. . mexicanus. Aphycopsis australiensis. Pseudaphycus angelicus. Pseudococcobius terryt. bab pb pbb 640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. Fig. Fig. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45, 46. 47. 48. 49, 50. dl. 52. 53. 54 PLATE 30. Antennae of male. Aphycus maculivennis. A. johnsoni. A, rileyi. . subfasciatus. . lecanit. . lichtensiae. . physokermis. . pulvinariae. . claviger. Pe pe Be PR PuLate 3l. Antennae of male excepting fig. 52 of female. Aphycus luteolus. A, stomachosus. A, flavus. A, alberti. A, mexicanus. A. eruptor. Pseudaphycus angelicus. Acerophagus texanus, Aphycus melanostomatus. . A, oregonensis. U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 26 ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS AND AENASIOIDEA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 639. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 27 ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 639, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 28 ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS AND AENASIOIDEA. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 639, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 29 ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS, APHYCOPSIS, PSEUDAPHYCUS, AND PSEUDOCOCCOBIUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 639. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 30 (jj Santee a ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 640. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 31 GED powe)) 4LO / / ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS, PSEUDAPHYCUS, AND ACEROPHAGUS. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 640. DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL TURTLES, FROM THE LANCE FORMATION OF WYO- MING. By Cuarues W. GiiMors, Assistant Curator of Fossil Reptiles, United States National Museum. Among the fossil specimens obtained by the late J. B. Hatcher in the Lance formation of Wyoming, for the United States Geological Survey, were a number of extinct turtles. Two of these are found to represent undescribed species, and they form the subject of the present paper. BAENA HAYYI, new species. Type.—No. 6728, U.S. N. M., consists of a nearly complete carapace and plastron. Portions of the posterior lateral margins are the only important parts missing. Collected by J. B. Hatcher in the year 1890. Locality—Lance Creek, Niobrara County (formerly a part of Converse County), Wyoming. Horizon.—Lance formation, Upper Cretaceous or Lower Tertiary. Two species, pertaining to the genus Baena, B. hatcheri Hay and B. marshi Hay, have been described from the Lance formation, and a third species is now recognized in the present specimen, for which the name BZ. hay is proposed. It is named in honor of Dr. O. P. Hay, of the Carnegie Institution, in recognition of his valuable contribu- tions to our knowledge of the fossil turtles of North America. The type of the species is a very complete specimen, that may at ence be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the great breadth of the shell as compared with its length. It is the only Baena known at the present time in which the breadth exceeds the length. The greatest length of the carapace in a straight line is 292 mm.; its width is at least 320 mm.; the height from the bottom of the plastron is 85 mm., but in life it was probably greater, as the plastron at the center is somewhat crushed in toward the carapace. The greatest breadth of the carapace is behind the inguinal notches. The posterior border is unusually broad and the lateral portions but PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 50—No. 2137. 10600°—Proc.N.M. vol.50—16——41 641 642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. little rounded, whereas in B. hatcheri it rounds rapidly. The median portion is broadly excavated. The anterior end is also rather broadly truncated. The nuchal region projects slightly beyond the general contour of the carapace. The hinder border lateral to the median emargination is scalloped as in the other species of the genus. Be- cause of the missing portions of this border the number of these sceal- lops can not be determined. The course of only a few of the costal sutures can be determined; all others are obliterated through coossification. The sulci although -shallowly impressed are quite clear. The ornamentation of the cara- pace consists of ridges and furrows. The former are short, sometimes straight, usually bent, or anastomosing. The general effect is much the same as the sculpture in Thescelus insiliens Hay, described as resembling “ shagreened leather,” though coarser in this specimen. A considerable area within the second vertebral scute has the surface smooth.. The sculpture of the plastron is of the same general char- acter as on the carapace but finer in its pattern. The nuchal seute is pentagonal, wider than long, and bordered on either side by a small triangular first marginal, see plate 32. In this it resembles the nuchal region in Baena riparia, except in that species the nuchal is divided. The nuchal is 13 mm. long; a greatest width of 27 mm.; width of free border 16 mm. The second marginal is 27 mm. long on the free border; the third 28 mm.; the fourth and fifth 2mm. each. The vertebral scutes as in all Cretaceous Baenidae are wider than long. The sides of the first are parallel until they meet the marginal sulsus, then they turn in toward the center, thus making the scute six sided as in B. antigua (Lambe). The sides of the succeeding ver- tebrals are but slightly bracket-shaped. Their principal dimensions will be found in the accompanying table: Vertebral. Length. Width. 1 39 61 z 65 83 3 89 92 f 53 78 5 57 96 Within the area of the fifth vertebral there is a decided median longitudinal ridge, the only indication of a carina. The costal scutes show nothing particularly characteristic. The number of marginal scutes can not be determined. The first marginal extends back from the border only 9 mm., the second 20 mm., the fifth 33 mm., the last one 31 mm. The plastron is relatively short with a narrow tapering anterior lobe and a wider truncated posterior lobe with slight emargination. No. 2137. TWO NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—GILMORE. 643 The total length is 253 mm. at the center. The posterior extremity ends 25 mm. anterior to the border of the carapace. The anterior end also falls within the border of the shell. The plastron at the center is angularly concave but I am inclined to the opinion that this has been brought about by postmortem causes. The anterior lobe is short and narrow, much as in Baena callosa Hay, the length being 63 mm.; the width at the base being 92 mm.; at the gular sulsus 44 mm. The free borders of the anterior lobe in section are rounded. The thickness is about 8 mm. The width of the bridge 122 mm. The posterior lobe is 72 mm. long; 120 mm. wide at the base; at the femoro-anal sulsus 89 mm. wide. The contours of the converg- ing borders are well shown on plate 83. Immediately behind the in- guinal notch the thickness is 15 mm.; near the posterior extremity “7mm. The posterior end has a subacute border that is only slightly emarginated at the center. There are distinct gulars and intergulars. The humero-pectoral sulsus crosses to the center about on the line joining the axillary notches. The intergulars meet on the median lne a distance of 10 mm.; the gulars 12 mm. on the left side, 8 mm. on the right side; humerals about 38 mm.; pectorals 57 mm.; the anals 48 mm. The course of the femoral-abdominal sulsus pursues a very irregular course. The anal-femoral sulsus as in other species of Laena runs outward then backward and then outward to the border. On the bridge there are four large inframarginals as shown on plate 33, resembling somewhat those of 2. hatcheri Hay in outline and position. The ventral area of the marginals is much greater than in any other species of the genus. As mentioned above, Baena hay? is distinguished at once from all other species of the genus by the proportions of the carapace, it being the only one known in which the width exceeds the breadth. From B, marshi this species may be distinguished by having a sculp- tured carapace, and the wider marginal areas on the ventral surface. From B. hatcheri it differs in the contour of the shell, being short and truncated at both ends, whereas B. hatcheri is relatively long, with a somewhat pointed anterior end. The absence of supernu- merary scutes lateral to the first vertebral also serves further to dis- tinguish it from the latter species. ASPIDERETES LANCENSIS, new species. Type.—Cat. No. 6727, U.S.N.M., consists of a considerable portion of the carapace, lacking a portion of the anterior border, the ninth pair of costals, and the ends of the forward costals of the left side. 644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSHUM. vou. 50. Only one small piece of the plastron present. Collected by J. B. Hatcher. Locality —Niobrara County (formerly a part of Converse County), Wyoming. Horizon.—Lance formation, Upper Cretaceous or Lower Tertiary. The carapace of the type-specimen is about the size of the type of Aspideretes beechert Way from the same formation, but specifically distinct as shown by differences in the surface sculpture and in the arrangement of the costal and neural bones at the posterior end of the carapace. The carapace is nearly as broad as long, and if measurements were taken to the end of costal ribs the breadth would exceed the length. The length must have been close to 800 mm., the width about 295 mm. The shell is regularly convex from side to side. The lateral borders are somewhat sinuous, the hinder border broadly truncated and without emargination. The sculpture of the carapace consists of a network of rounded ridges inclosing irregularly rounded pits, usually without definite arrangement, though there is a tendency toward the outer ends of the median costals to dispose themselves in rows more or less parallel to the borders of the shell. This feature, however, is not so apparent asin A. foveatus (Leidy). The pits have concave bottoms, the walls rising gradually as in A. foveatus, but this feature would at once separate the present species from A. beecheri, which has the bottom of the pits flat, the walls rising abruptly. The tops of the ridges are always rounded in the present specimen, whereas in A. foveatus they are usually flat. Toward the free edge the pits increase slightly in size; they are shallower and diminish in size toward the middle, with here and there small areas almost devoid of sculpture. Along the costal sutures the pits have a tendency to elongate antero-posteriorly. ‘This feature is not constant, and where present it is always on the outer halves of the costals. A line 10 mm. long extends across 6 pits, and often 7 may be counted. On the outer halves of the costals, posterior to the second, are seen a number of prominent grooves that run from the border inward and forward, diagonally across the longer axes of the costals. At first sight they call to mind the welts observed on the costals of certain species of the genus Plastomenus, but a close examination shows them to be channel-like. The prominence of these channels is brought xbout by the widening of the parallel ridges which inclose them. Thin cross ridges divide the channel up into various size pits, which are often subrectangular in form. The character of these channel-like markings is best shown in fig. 1, plate 35. NO. 2137. TWO NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—GILMORE. 645 There are seven neurals, the seventh reaching the eighth pair of costals, whereas in all other described species of the genus Aspi- deretes, and Plastomenus as well, they never pass beyond the seventh pair and often end with the sixth. The first neural is octagonal, with the median anterior border notched for the preneural, which is missing in this specimen. The succeeding neurals are hexagonal, longer than wide, with the narrow end forward as usual in the species of this genus. The dimensions of the neurals will be found in the accompanying table. Measurements of neurals. No. Length. Width. 1 24 20 2 orl 22 3 oil 19 4 26 19 5 26 a4 6 26e 13e 7 24e 3 e=estimated. There are nine pairs of costal bones, the ninth pair being very small and are missing from the present specimen (plate 84, ¢c. 9), but the sutural borders show clearly the presence of this supernumerary pair. The eighth and ninth pairs meet on the median line except on the antero-median part of the former where the seventh neural is slightly interposed between them. The eighth pair meets on the median line for a distance of 84mm. The costal ribs project beyond the edge of the carapace. The sixth of the right side projects 22 mm. beyond the border and it lacks the tip. None of the others are so perfectly preserved. The ribs are moderately broad, but occupy less than half the width of the costal plate. Between the ribs the borders of the costals have a thickness of from 6 to 7 mm.; through the rib they are 10 mm. in thickness. On the outer ends of costals three, four, and five the sculpture stops short of the edge leaving a narrow smooth border that re- duces the thickness of the costal from 2 to 3 mm. less in thickness than the sculptured portions. See figure 1, plate 35. The nuchal bone is represented by a small piece of the right end, which remains in position attached to the under side of the first costal, as shown in plate 34, n. The plastron is represented by two small fragments, probably per- taining to the hyoplastron. These show a surface ornamentation quite distinct from that of the carapace. It is made up of a series of short, raised, vermiculate ridges with intervening furrows of varying 646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. lengths and irregular direction, but seldom do they inclose pits. In a line 10 mm. long 8 to 10 ridges may be counted. The character of this sculpture is best shown in figure 2, plate 35. Aspideretes lancensis is distinguished from all described species by the ornamentation of the carapace, the presence of nine costals, and by the fact that the seventh neural is in contact with the eighth pair of costals. The notch on the median anterior end of the first neural shows that there was a preneural, which indicates at once that the specimen can not be assigned to the genus Amyda, but whether it should be referred to Plastomenus or to Aspideretes is not so clear. The absence of identifiable plastron bones makes it impossible to be sure of its generic affinities, but since the genus Plastomenus has not yet been recognized from the Lance formation I therefore refer it to the genus Aspideretes, until such time as the discovery of more perfect material will make it possible to definitely determine its generic designation. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 32. Superior view of the carapace of Baena hayi. No. 6728, U.S.N.M. Type- specimen, one-third natural size. PLATE) 33: Inferior view of the plastron of Baena hayi. No. 6728, U.S.N.M. Type- specimen, one-third natural size. PLATE 34. Superior view of the carapace of Aspideretes lancensis. No. 6727, U.S.N.M. Type-specimen, one-third natural size. ¢. 1, ¢. 8, costal plates one and eight ; c. 9, notch for the missing ninth costals; , right end of the nuchal plate; pn, notch on end of the first neural for the reception of the preneural. PLATE 35. Fig. 1. Distal ends of third and fourth costals of Aspideretes lancensis. No. 6727, U.S.N.M. Type-specimen, natural size. Shows character of sculpture of the carapace. Fig. 2. Fragment of plastral bone of above specimen. Shows character of the sculpture of the plastron. Natural size. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 32 CARAPACE OF BAENA HAYI. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 646, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 33 PLASTRON OF BAENA HAYI. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 646, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 34 CARAPACE OF ASPIDERETES LANCENSIS. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 646. ‘se «2 Pp. 3 : = = 168 a 50 PL. 35 PROCEEDINGS, VOL. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM F ty Pe thelial | ~ ott me | wv CARAPACE AND PLASTRON BONES OF ASPIDERETES LANCENSIS., FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 646, DESCRIPTION OF THREE SPECIES OF CRABS (OSA- CHILA) FROM THE EASTERN COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. | By Mary J. Raruevun, Associate in Zoology, United States National Musewm. INTRODUCTION. A reexamination of the specimens of so-called Osachila tuberosa in the United States National Museum discloses the presence of three species instead of one in the area extending from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies. The species are very closely related and their ranges overlap. ‘Through the kindness of Dr. Walter Faxon and Prof. C. C. Nutting, I have been permitted to study all the specimens in the Museum of Com- parative Zoology and the Museum of the State University of Towa. CHARACTERS COMMON TO OSACHILA TUBEROSA AND ITS ALLIES. Carapace octagonal. Six large protuberances: one mesogastric, one metagastric (paired), one cardiac, one mesobranchial (paired). Protuberances and lateral margins finely eroded, as if worm-eaten. Lobes of front separated by a deep, closed or narrow button-hole fissure. Antero-lateral margin (continued toward the buccal cavity) finely dentate. Postero-lateral margin with four larger teeth or lobes, including the one at the lateral angle. Mavxillipeds, sternum and bases of legs below, eroded. Chelipeds eroded. Upper margin of manus tridentate. Margins of legs thin, punctate. DIFFERENCES. O. tuberosa and antillensis are similar in form, while the carapace of semilevis has the antero-lateral margin longer in proportion to the postero-lateral, the postero-lateral margin being therefore more transverse. O. tuberosa and antillensis have a small longitudinal protuberance between the branchial and cardiac protuberances; O. semilevis has none. O. tuberosa and semilevis have the cardiac region subcircular in outline; in QO. antillensis this region is con- tinued backward in a narrowed prolongation. On either side of the PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 50—No. 2138. 647 648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. posterior part of the cardiac region there is a tubercle in tuberosa and antillensis, but not in semilevis. The carapace depressions are everywhere deeply eroded in antillensis, more so than the elevations; the depressions in ¢twberosa are only in part eroded, largely closely punctate; all the depressions in semilevis are smooth to the naked eye, but microscopically punctate. Frontal lobes of antillensis more advanced than in tuberosa and semilevis. Antero-lateral mar- gin thicker in antillensis than in tuberosa or semilevis. Postero- lateral teeth of tuberosa triangular, the first or lateral tooth pro- jecting sideways beyond the antero-lateral margin, the last tooth rectangular, subacute, larger than the two preceding; the postero- lateral prominences in antillensis and semilevis are rounded lobes; in antillensis, the first or lateral lobe does not project sideways be- yond the antero-lateral margin, the last lobe is very little longer (from apex to base) than the third lobe, and the third lobe very little longer than the second; in semélevis the first or lateral lobe is produced sideways equally with the adjacent antero-lateral tooth, the last lobe is longer (from apex to base) than the others and is wider than the third lobe and narrower than the second lobe. The abdomen of tuberosa and antillensis is deeply eroded all over, that of semilevis is moderately eroded along the sides and on the last two segments. The manus of ¢uberosa has the proximal tooth on the upper margin bifid; in antillensis the proximal tooth is tridentulate ; in semilevis all the teeth are simple and entire. The fixed finger in semilevis is shorter and the dactylus more deflexed than in tuberosa and antillensis. Dactyli of tuberosa and antillensis covered with a short, dense, feltlike pubescence, which is absent in semilevis. MEASUREMENTS. Width at Antero- Postero- Length N : Sex. Cat. No. aed 1 1 1 1 lateral ame PH) CMM odin 1 BC ARRRERY aes O. tuberosa..... Female. . 8746 18.2 20. 2 11.6 10. 2 O. tuberosa..... Male..... 46044 9 9.4 5a 4.7 O. antillensis...| Female?. 9503 19.2 212 Loe 11 O. antillensis...| Male..... 9508 11 11.8 6.8 6 O. semilevis....| Female?!. 17851 11.6 13 TED 6.3 1 Holotype. No. 2188. THREE SPECIES OF CRABS (OSACHILA)—RATHBUN. 649 OSACHILA TUBEROSA Stimpson. Plate 36, fig. 3. Osachila tuberosa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, 1871, p. 154.— A. Mitne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, 1880, p. 20 (part; specimen from Sombrero, 54 fathoms, only).—Smiru, Ann. Rept. Comunr. of Fish and Fisheries for 1885 (1886), p. 636 [82].—RATHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 290 (part; speci- men from Station 24), Distinguished by its thin-edged postero-lateral margin armed with triangular teeth, the first one, which is situated at the lateral angle of the carapace, projecting sideways beyond the antero-lateral mar- gin; the fourth or last tooth prominent, larger than the two preceding. Carapace not eroded all over. Cardiac region rounded behind. Upper margin of palm tridentate, the proximal tooth bifid. Color—Sand color with reddish cast, white below, claws and legs white (Henderson). Variations —Stimpson says of tuberosa that the lateral tooth of the carapace “forms part of the branchial protuberance.” This is true in only two of the nine specimens examined, a female collected by Stimpson (No. 2994, M. C. Z.), and a larger female bearing eggs, from off Sand Key, Florida (No. 47955, U.S.N.M.) ; the remainder of the specimens have the branchial protuberance separated by more or less of a furrow from the lateral tooth. The separation is most evident in the largest specimen, a female (No. 8746, U.S.N.M). In most of the 6 smaller specimens the depressions of the carapace are wholly punctate, not eroded. In the single male (No. 46044, U.S.N.M.) the protuberances of the carapace are smaller and the depressions deeper than in the female, the proximal tooth on the upper margin of the manus is so deeply bifid that there appear to be 4 subequal teeth in all. (Stimpson says, “four teeth”.) Stimpson also says, “ The cardiac protuberance is rounded and smaller than the metagastric ones.” This is not true of any specimens that I have seen; the cardiac protuberance may be lower but it is quite as large as, or larger than, the metagastric protuberances. LOCALITIES OF SPECIMENS EXAMINED BY THE WRITER, Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, lat. 35° 12’ 30’’ N.; long. 75° 05’ 00’ W., 48 fathoms, bottom temp. 77°, ers. gy. bk. 8.3 Sintien 2269, U. S. Fish Comm. Str. Albatross, 1884; 1 female, Cat. No. 8746, U.S.N.M Off Sand Key, Florida, 40 fathoms; J. B. Henderson collector; 1 male, Cat. No. 46044, U.S.N.M. S. by E. from Sand Key Light, Florida, 61 fathoms; J. B. Hender- son collector; 1 female ovig., Cat. No. 47955, U.S.N.M. 650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Off Key West, Florida, Sand Key Light bearing W. N. W., Key West Light bearing North, 60 fathoms; Biol. Exped. State Univ. Towa, June 19, 1893; 1 male, 1 female, 2 young, Cat. No. 12111, Mus. State Univ. Iowa. Off Sombrero Key, Florida, 54 fathoms; U. S. C. S. Str. Bache (Wm. Stimpson), Apr. 2, 5th cast; 1 female, Cat. No. 2995, M. C. Z. Identified by A. Milne Edwards. S. E. of Key West, Florida, 61 fathoms; J. B. Henderson collector ; 2 females, Cat. No. 47956, U.S.N.M. West coast of Florida, lat. 25° 50’ 15’” N.; long. 83° 41’ 30’” W., 49 fathoms, temp. 68°, fne. S. brk. Sh.; Station 5091, U. S. F. C. Sch. Grampus, 1889; 2 young females, Cat. No. 15332, U.S.N.M. West coast of Florida, 50 fathoms; U. 8. C. S. Str. Bache (Wm. Stimpson) ; 1 female, Cat. No. 2994,.M. C. Z. Identified by A. Milne Edwards. LOCALITIES GIVEN BY STIMPSON. According to Stimpson, this species was taken also at the following localities in the Florida Straits by the United States Coast Survey steamer Bibb (L. F. de Pourtales). So far as I know, none of the cotypes are extant. Off Carysfort Reef, lat. 25° 10’ 30’’ N.; long. 80° 10’ 45’”’ W., 60 fathoms, sand; Station 146 P (Cast 5), Mar. 21, 1869. Off French Reef, 45 fathoms; Station 143 P (Cast 2), Mar. 21, 1869. Off Conch Reef, 40 fathoms; Station 142 P (Cast 1), Mar. 21, 1869. West of Tortugas, lat. 24° 41’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 19’ 00’’ W., 36 fathoms, sand and shells; Station 85 P (Cast 4), Jan. 16, 1869. West of Tortugas, lat. 24° 42’ 00’ N.; long. 83° 22’ 45’ W., 36 fathoms, sand, shells, and sponges; Station 86 P (Cast 5), Jan. 16, 1869. OSACHILA ANTILLENSIS, new species. Plate 36, fig. 2. Osachila tuberosa A. MitNeE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, 1880, p. 20 (part; all specimens, except from Sombrero).—RatTHBuUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 290 (part; specimen from off Havana). Distinguished by its cardiac region not broadly rounded behind but narrowed and continued backward almost to a point. Carapace eroded all over. Postero-lateral margin thick, with rounded lobes, the first or lat- eral lobe not projecting sideways beyond the antero-lateral margin. Proximal tooth on upper margin of manus tridentulate. No. 21388. THREE SPUCIES OF CRABS (OSACHILA)—RATHBUN. 651 Variations —EKighteen specimens were examined. While the majority of the specimens, including the two largest ones, are, as stated above, deeply eroded in the depressions as well as on the protuberances of the carapace, this is not true in all cases. One out of two males of equal size (No. 9508, U.S.N.M.), one male in a set of two, male and female (No. 2603, M. C. Z.), one very small male (No. 2595, M. C. Z.), one male (No. 2731, M. C. Z.), and one female of good size (No. 2922, M. C. Z.) have the depressions mostly simply punctate. The frontal lobes, though more advanced in the full grown specimens than in tuberosa of the same size, are not more advanced when smaller specimens are compared. LOCALITIES OF SPECIMENS EXAMINED BY THE WRITER. Off Havana, Cuba, lat. 23° 10’ 31’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 55’ W., 114 fathoms, coral; Station 2331, U. S. F. C. Str. Albatross, 1885; 1 female, holotype, Cat. No. 9503, U.S.N.M. Off Havana, Cuba, lat. 23° 10’ 42’’ N.; long. 82°18’ 24’” W., 67 fathoms, wh. Co.; Station 2334, U. S. F. C. Str. Albatross, 1885; 2 males, Cat. No. 9508, U.S.N.M. Off Havana, Cuba; Biol. Exped. State Univ. Iowa, May 26, 1893; 1 male, Cat. No. 20496, Mus. State Univ. Iowa. Off Frederickstadt, Santa Cruz, lat. 17° 37’ 55’’ N.; long. 64° 54’ 20’’ W., 117 fathoms, R. brk. Sh., temp. 65°; Station 132, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake, Jan. 5, 1879; 1 male, Cat. No. 2591, M. C. Z.; 1 male, 1 female, Cat. No. 2603, M. C. Z. Off Montserrat, lat. 16° 41’ 54’” N.; long. 62° 13’ 24”" W., 88 fathoms, temp. 69°; Station 156, U.S. C. S. Str. Blake, Jan. 16, 1879; 1 female, Cat. No. 2774, M. C. Z. Off Dominica, lat. 15° 32’ 18’ N.; long. 61° 30’ 10’ W., 118 fathoms, S. brk. Sh., temp. 65°; Station 177, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake, Jan. 24, 1879; 2 males, 1 female, Cat. No. 2768, M. C. Z. Off Dominica, lat. 15° 17’ 20’’ N.; long. 61° 24’ 22” W., 188 fathoms, fne. S. M., temp. 633°; Station 192, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake, Jan. 80, 1879; 1 female, Cat. No. 2922, M. C. Z. Off Barbados, lat. 13° 11’ 54”” N.; long. 59° 38’ 45’” W., 73 fathoms, Co. S. Sh., temp. 703°; Station 290, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake, Mar. 9, 1879; 1 male, Cat. No. 2595, M. C. Z. Off Barbados, lat. 18° 04’ 12”” N.; long. 59° 36’ 45’’ W., 76 fathoms, Co. brk. Sh., temp. 642°; Station 272, U.S. C. S. Str. Blake, Mar. 5, 1879; 1 female, Cat. No. 2579, M. C. Z.; 1 female, Cat. No. 2643, U.S.N.M. Off Grenada, lat. 11° 27’ 00’’ N.; long. 62° 11’ 00’” W., 164 fathoms, S. Sh., temp. 57°; Station 254, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake, Feb. 27, 1879; 1 female, Cat. No. 2921, M. C. Z. 652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. Off Grenada, lat. 11° 25’ 00’’ N.; long. 62° 04’ 15’” W., 96 fathoms, Co. brk. Sh., temp. 584°; Station 253, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake, Feb. 27, 1879; 1 male, Cat. No. 2731, M. C. Z.; 1 male, Cat. No. 2923, M. C. Z. One female collected by the U.S. C. 8S. Blake and labeled “ Station 272. Montserrat.” Station 272 is off Barbados, 76 fathoms. Cat. No. 17852, U.S.N.M. ADDITIONAL “f BLAKE” STATIONS CITED BY A. MILNE EDWARDS. Station 155, same locality as Station 156, above. Station 232, off St. Vincent, lat. 18° 06’ 45’” N.; long. 61° 06’ 55’’ W., 87 fathoms, Co., temp. 62°, Feb. 21, 1879. OSACHILA SEMILEVIS, new species. Plate 36, fig. 1. Postero-lateral margin much shorter than antero-lateral. Carapace smooth except on elevations. No longitudinal elevation between cardiac and mesobranchial elevations. Postero-lateral margin thick, with rounded lobes, the first or lateral lobe projecting sideways equally with the adjacent antero-lateral tooth, the last lobe prominent. Teeth on upper margin of manus simple. Variations —One specimen only, a rather small female, has a small protuberance between the mesobranchial and cardiac protuberances. In some cases the penultimate lobe of the postero-lateral margin is so shallow that it has no appearance of a lobe but only a straight piece of thickened margin. In the female, No. 17851, U.S.N.M., the meso- branchial lobe may be said to include the lateral marginal lobe, but this is scarcely true in the other specimens. LOCALITIES OF SPECIMENS EXAMINED BY THE WRITER. West coast of Florida, lat. 29° 14’ 00’” N.; long. 85° 29’ 15’” W., 25 fathoms, Co.; Station 2373, U. S. F. C. Str. Albatross, 1885; 1 female, holotype, Cat. No. 17851, U.S.N.M. West coast of Florida, lat. 26° 19’ 00’’ N.; long. 83° 11’ 00’ W., 27 fathoms, S. Algae, temp. 68°; Station 5108, U.S. F. C. Sch. G@rampus, 1889; 1 female, Cat. No. 18203, U.S.N.M. West coast of Florida, lat. 25° 34’ 30’” N.; long. 83° 01’ 00’, 27 fathoms, fne. S. blk. Sp., temp. 68°, Station 5079, U. S. F. C. Sch. Grampus, 1889; 1 female. Cat. No. 18204, U.S.N.M. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3b. Via. 1. Osachila semilevis, female, partially overgrown with bryozoans and worm tube. Holotype. X23. 2. Osachila antillensis, female. Holotype. X2. 83. Osachila tuberosa, female. Cat. No, 8746. 23. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 36 New CRABS FROM THE EASTERN Coast OF NORTH AMERICA. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 652. PN DE! ACOTOPNALUS cs sccm ese se ct eecs oe noes cinence 574 Clirints = 52... .c% se sbe swe e ace 578 COCCOIS. << .s2e<552c555c2- 561, 575, 576 Ol oni cases aosssess sossaseecsne 577 SUTICIPCZIAO. 2 Seer scence seme 577 GOXOMUS s emiacigja asec ssa icisieiaces 576 Acestrorhamphus hepsetus...........--.-.-- 406 PLCHAGODSIS SUIMONSIS 22s ascension csss.sece 535 superciliaris: .. 4.265: -s.0-<--ou5. 535 NCH AeUISIADONICUS ssecs.ceccsmces< creas 413 LIN GS bss pee tees eo a ne aes 413 ACHOLULOS ALIMNATUS s-2 one to sccce ss sie 491, 492, 493 Den etSSOMI. cee foes eae cine 490 DOLCWIVOTUS! <.a:2./oc sc Se .- 491, 492, 493 DEG VAS INUS oe oie ercts iota sa'ascta/o smmscrsr= ise 482 COMOSUS Se osc ce eect ee ace cna 480 GW DIS Seen Sasa cen ees aes 487 Var. COncOlOr:.:)::-2-- 28028 487 BRIPIC Seep eee ee ok se eec ae 486 PMGHTION 2 Sean ecachie fe netoncke 489, 490 NALVe lowe scecece shes S42 be cnet 486 UIE 5 Ss 2 ccc fe ciceieisgccciee cies 487 WMMAICO A a a- Sones teas. 459, 496 [DP PONICUS? 2.2 .cce-~- 45525 Secs 483 JONGISPINUS. 2.5 .ce62 52 sceesce toc 480, 489 NMLACSUN VTA VIS on c-ADhycus) physokermisss2: so. ausemeueserecans 606 Securalis.. oi 2.54¢ e Fest, Be a 389 pulvinariaey jo. a ncse ee eeeees 618 tepecaliss 205 hese sees 390 punctipes!cs.cec sees 561, 568, 612 PUCUMANANIS sete Ne aos ee Ne ees 391 Piloylceo ccs cenit eesws meena 600, 603 varlabilisis =. .ocsosestes jeeeas 390 TUStIs.2 secs once acess cee al eae 617 Weltalis: 3255. S.ceathauen basses 390 Schwarzi-e. Sesc ces ocs aa eeen ee ee 599 Violealis. 3/3555 tesahee Mae 390 Similis.. ise eset ose chases ances 605 Anoura gibbosa Bie dig ate eee isin ae 508 StOMACHOSUS: 252 eecee oe eee eee 630 MAGNA oie ee eee ree Sa 510 Subfasclatus: <22 0 22eeerie sins eseeane 601 WALL etki es est eee 503 terryi......-.-.+----2---2eeeee eee 561, 563 MUSCODUM).< 53352228 eae oe 508 texanus...-..--.+--++-+2++2 eee es 561 sextuberculata. ..<.. 22, aed!aeck oce 508 townsendi......---.-+-++++-++++++- 561 Antilibiniagilloloensis.....................-- 537 Ba HCO OR cece alee ree aa ae Smilthiie a2. 2.0 sesolnteee ce. 538 | Apustis.. cen a ac : Sabulosay < 22636525 cc. Sse eesasenecice 2 seis gibbosa de hse hot 7 NO ace Lge H08 Argania albimacula:.<. . s2te2ee--ee eee ee 305 PISANUOA ss sac -ceisa steep ee eae me ce 509 pilosa 305 INUISCOLUM 5. oieisisyrte Soe Eee ee eae 508 i PR SEe ARS Of," a) tee We Ns Gna Rea ene ; ; Aviphrades plumiigera; .'.-2stcciteneeeee sense 314 Anurida amorita awltnqassccscse seo ase i akeeee 505 Settila:....uie2.2, Via rai den 314 ee agro alee aera a oe aici 506 AT IStETIA? ANLOLOS: JROS OF 2 2 wcccncccrccccccccese 02 r * Crabs (Osachila), three species of, trom tho Beet as We oe zamier nae coleae Se stern coast of North’ iiiericn ane ke 647 bolous insects of the subfamilies Achoru- Cryptopodia angulata cippifer............... 559 tinae, Neanurinae, and Podurinae.. eee 477 BNSUStAL 2 sss ae 559 | Fossil turtles from the Lance formation of Gyolopteryx ss ee ee Ry 365 Wyoming, description of two new species filiferalis:2/..<.:.\.4 MES. es 366 | Of. ---.----e eee e eee ee eee erence eee eee eee 641 THACIODS seo eeelnioe meee en 399 | Uriesea caldaria. << 5. -iciseim nmin ninieetsieisisee ann 499 observalis wei soacnnateees Seats 366 Clavistanc < cats slejinincniameiemen lacs 500 paltricialis tee. scces. <.1.c co seneeoeeace= == 326 Momanaltes laetwulws.... thi sleterteiees sce 386 turrialbensiseccc.c5 este eciae eee 326 Mophodittaswc x ste ace siseneiseee ss scenes o 281 | Mastyzophorus epitusalis................-.-- 322 perspleillaris:.;2 5 ssessesee= seis oe 281") Matiloxisic ccm cco apes nice eee aerate 380 Lophophora clanymoides. ............-.----- 343 eabarusalis: cc ce ccccsccsctsnss 340 fishes gollected by the ‘‘ Albatross” be- COLTICOIA conc caveats ccee sidles ceive cists 339 GWEOll cee cae esen a eee eee eineataee ee er - 401 irinidalistsecncstcessaeeceeeres. +e 339 | Moths of the subfamily Hypeninae, a generic IMGIBNOMING Se INDEX 661 Page Page. Peliala demonalis............. Sialarajsistectatelae Ie SOT MP OCA hs oc Ben «5 deSen oust Qasmistteed ocak ve 363 HOM ON BIS ox ccrststers ae eieee eee e Meee oe 356 al bomarginatacss-2 sos. sme ss este ee: 364 WenlUscuialisy.cos...2 geisteic.ciseie tenets 25 366 PUIPSUbGee cee oe cenee cent Sau cee ee 364 IOUCET A. - .aestic see misseuiss sete cee see ss 366, 367 DOLTOGUBLIS saa acen esac aceeeeceeee eens 364 NGM eee eee eee cwareeacee seisie nse t 366; | Poenomia berthalis: 2. ..2.22.2.05-c22.5---2- 346 MUNGO S << ss ecectesicins at ce dace. ne eece 366 ATI SIGHS taece cet sss eee = 346 POLUVAaLISese/ jiscecmana eee aoe 367 Miempsalssasaaq a. ssteen arate 346 DINDICAL sc cnn soe een eae noeeeee 366 THAGCUIACE Saicenrac dm cele messmo ase 346 PONE DOSE s .ci5 5 ocisccas alcneiie's edece Saas 366 GUND ISSeee encase eee eee 346 TOSSAliS: 6.3 S es cclvieec cs éoeeesiew seems 367 | Porichthys porosus.................-..----6- 468 RONALGAISK ceiiatas/ayeini- cb Ancemese tees S00) ||) Porosana, juanslis: 3 52.2...22.:c2 seek eae 312 Peltimia MOGULOSA.-. s..\-.5% snes eceecdessenteed 536 A Gralis sey ease eee ee eee 313 SUBMIS wis 236 cerciwin ie atic cle a eee 53 WE CAS aye fisiasic aie en cee eee nee 312 Percophis braziliensis...............-.-..-. --- 417 | Prionctus punctatus...................2--26- 409 Periphrage barbatula...........-.-.-----.--- 322 | Pristigaster flavipennis............-.....--.- 406 PPOLONA SISNACA co 2a cig crercie orale. 515, 2,000 s:e1 Geen 408 | Prolatilus jugularis..............2......2.-. 467 Pessida interlineata...2.-.....--.2s.ssesese0c0-- Lay PMR LORI Val Sees ses eee we ee ere a 278 Phaeochlaena cuprea...-............20.0e00- 395 leucosticta........................ 278 Phalaenophana eudorealis................-.. 312 DUES CONSi2.