WES NS ~ \\ — WS ee nent eee ns ewan e rawawe sawn cewte Pee es TA ele O Pk C2 ZL SALTON =a Keng Ly 3 My Ye) hen SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 70 seaeooes UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1927 is at i ay . cs (im f 7 ae rin ) Mh ae m ‘ i i MUI LAMONTAME @aT ATS GaTiMir ‘OY AMUIOY ¥ ae ee oe ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collection of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organi- zations and to specialists and others interested in the different sub- jects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The present volume is the seventieth of this series. The Bulletin, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasion- ally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series ap- pear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the Na- tional Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsoman Institution. Wasuineton, D. C., September 30, 1927. IIt cen ate “aba. a pny ihe ta. vada eons pelt, “to alate to. sap ticon olds tts Ce ! tai} aoves vp ti vA | Pip eth WARS ‘ tise Mie) a IAL bs fl ee) =ceiianiy ‘Whe aavodera le | rang sida has i ) i lo. abroge7, Bao ey faoriplow: Inivatasa noddo bua Desavoaranite ip a0 | ses 4d eradoo ots, ganniioy 6 Nive anny: sok Bolte a an ath wea ai by | oha aaa | priya | TABLE OF CONTENTS Austin, Gzeorce M. Richmond faunal zones in Warren and Clinton counties, Ohio. No. 2671, pp.1-18. May 4, 1927! Bartscu, Paut. New Urocoptid land shells from Mexico. No022653,, pp!:1-13..»:November>29) 1926 22esedk obeece - New species: Holospira (Coelostemma) balsasensis, H. (C.) adria, H. (C.) adana, H. (C.) inqualaensis, H. (Bostrichocentrum) eurybia, H. (B.) galathea, H. (Tristemma) melea, H (T.) hyperia, H. (Holospira) alvarezensis, H. (H.) andromeda, H. (H.) creigh- toni, H. (H.) amalthea, H. (H.) mitraensis, H. (H.) bachia, H. (H.) pedroana, H. (H.) topochicoana. New West American marine mollusks. No. PEO pmik Se. Agel GAGS sar ote yeah alae New species: Astyris clementensis, Opalia tremperi, Melanella (Melanella) portlandica, Aclis californica, Turbonilla (Ptycheu- limella) magdalinensis, T. (Pyrgolampros) stelleri, T. (P.) ilfa, T. (P.) shuyakensis, T. (P.) middendorffi, T. (P.) eyerdami, T. (Mormula) enna, T. (M.) clementina, Odostomia (Salassia) oenoa, O. (Chrysallida) fia, O. (C.) era, O. (C.) tremperi, O. (C.) clemeni- ensis, O. (C.) chacei, O. (C.) catalinensis, O. (Hvalea) bachia, O. (E.) eyerdami, O. (#.) whitet, O. (f.) strongi, O. (Amaura) washing- tona, Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsidella) fia, C. (C.) santacruzana, Amphithalamus stephensae, Alvanea sanjuanensis, A. dalli, ?Risso- ella californica, Margarites (Lirularia?) smithi, Solariorbis arnoldi, Vitrinella (Docomphala) columbiana, V. smithi. Berman, Harry M. (See Foshag, William F.)_.-__--_-__- Berry, Epwarp W. A fossil palm fruit from the Middle Eocene of Northwestern Peru. No. 2652, pp. 1-4. October Be ee eH OHNE Dil IORRO ST, ed mea, New species: Astrocaryum olssont. Buakxet, Doris Houtmrs. A revision of the beetles of the genus Oedionychis occurring in America north of Mexico. INGUSb 72 peered OA Brit 257 gays Alen Net Routioniomt, New species: Oedionychis amplivittata, O. pervittata, O. spilonota. New varieties: Oedionychis lugens lamprocyanea, O. vians badia, O. petaurista pallida, O. obsidiana flava. CusHMAN, JosepH A. Foraminifera of the genus Ehrenbergina and its species. No. 2665, pp. 1-8. February 25, 1927 1__ New species: Hhrenbergina semmesi, E. pacifica. 1 Date of publication. Article 22 11 20 23 16 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS Article Dati, Witut1aAMm Heatny. Diagnoses of undescribed new species of mollusks in the collection of the United States National Museum. No. 2668, pp.1-11. February 9, 1927! 19 New genus: Pendroma. New species: Dentalium nagoense, -Pendroma_ perpleza, WNatica (Stigmaulaz) cubana, Crepidula acola, Acmaea_ pulcherrima, Liotia (Lippistes) tortugana, L. (L.) huesonica, L. brasiliana, L. microgrammata, Solariella periscopia, Calliostoma theringi, C. depictum, C. (Rioense, var.?) hermosanum, C. hendersoni, C. sarcodum, Euchelus barbadensis, Minolia amblia, Solariella crossata, Emarginula phrizodes, Rimula aequisculpta, Diadora microsticta, Puncturella hendersoni, P. pauper, Scissurella proxima, Wiliiamia magellanica, Lepidopleurus carinatus, Stereochiton felipponet. Small shells from dredgings off the southeast coast of the United States by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in 1885 and 1886. No. 2667, pp. 1-134. B aN igi AR i by 5 ape Mcneela ly gee hh Rea ig ee 18 New species: Nucula fernandinae, Leda orixa, L. bipennis, Limopsis radialis, L. onchodes, Bathyarca inaequalis, Acteon semicingulata, A. particolor, A. juvenis, A. liostracoides, A. propius, A. parallelus, A. lacunatus, Volvulella mérchi, Pyrunculus floridensis, P. rushi, P. medius, P. curtulus, Bullaria indolens, Scaphander stigmatica, Diaphana floridana, Philine lucida, Gymnobela imitator, G.? tilictta, G.? lanceata,G? grundifera, Mangilia? sericifila, Plewrotomella? stearina, P.? corrida, P.? (Eucyclotoma) aperta, P.? lineola, Man- ilia ischna, P.? vaginata, Mangilia acrocarinata, Philbertia? per- decorata, P.? extenuata, Clathrodrillia inimica, C. orellana,C. dolana, C. fanoa, Suavodrillia? textilia, Daphnella? sagena, D.? epomis, Mangilia? chasmata, M. lastica, M.? tachnodes, M.? crossata, M.? cryera, M.? christina, M. fritillaria, M.? subcircularis, M.? percom- pacta, M.? cratera, M.? areia, M.? loraeformis, M.? rhabdea, Cymatosyrina ebur, Marginella fernandinae, M.canilla, M. ocella, M. tanora, M. incessa, M.inepta, M. immiiaior, M. esther, Cypraeolina tinolia, C. truncata, Mitra styliola, M. zilpha, M. hendersoni, M. grammatula, Mitromorpha undulata, Fusinus bullatus, #. vitreus, Siphonorbis perminutus, Astyris perlucida, A. stemma, A. (Flu- ella) enida, A. (F.) appressa, A. (Plectaria) embusa, A. (P.) euribia, A. (P.) projecta, A. (Parasagena) sagenata, Columbella (Atilia?) mystica, ?Urosalpinz verrilli, 2U. stimpsoni, Epitonium macroénse, E. fractum, E. azelotes, E. opalinum, E. lavaratum, E. canium, Opalia? dromio, Melanella callistemma, M. penna, M. fernandinae, M. cinca, M: abida, M. corrida, M. ophiodon, M. anachorea, M. stamina, M. versa, M. ira, M. paralleila, Strombi- fermis elata, Niso microformis, Aclis georgiana, A. limata, A. stilifer, A. fernandinae, A. pendata, A. conula, A. pyramida, A. rhyssa, A. hendersoni, A. (Amblyspira) immaculata, Mucronalia mammiilata, M. suava, M.? bulimuloides, Stilifer verrilli, S. minima, S. minuta, Pyramidella (Sulcorinella) camara, P. 1 Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS (Syrnola) fernandina, P. (S.) floridana, P. (S.) georgiana, Tur- bonilla (Piycheulimella) hespera, T. (P.) melea, T. (Striotur- bonilla) nemea, T. (S.) pyrrha, T. (S.) theona, T. (S.) electra, T. (S.) rhea, T. (S.) sirena, T. (S.) leta, T. (S.) myia, T. (S.) enna, T. (S.) idothea, T. (S.) nonica, T. (Pyrgiscus) conoma, T. (P.) miona, T. (Mormula) anira, Odostomia (Evalea) fernandina, O. (E.) ryclea, O. (E.) ryalea, Seguenzia floridana, S. rushi, Mathilda georgiana, M. lacteosa, M. globulifera, M. granifera, M. amaea, M. hendersoni, Turritellopsis floridana, Triphora (Biforina) caracca, T. (B.) georgiana, T. (B.) indigena, T. (Strobiligera) pompona, T. (S.) gaseona, T. (S.) enopla, T. (S.) meteora, T. (S.) compsa, T. (S.) sentoma, Cerithiopsis georgiana, Laskeya (Onchodia) merida, L. (O.) serina, L. (O.) docata L. (O.) argentea, L. (O.) decara, L. (O.) althea, L. (O.) elima, L. (O.) elsa, L. (O.) apicina, L. (O.) honora, L. (O.) eliza, L. (O.) peiala, L. (O.) leipha, Stilus vitreus, Cerithiella producta, Seila subalbida, Trichotropis (I phinopsis) nuda, T. (I.) turrita, Rissoina mayori, R. pompholyx, R. (Nodulus) fernandinae, R. (Cingulina) curta, Euspira bahamensis, Solari- ella cancilla, S. crossaia, Viirinella georgiana, Basilissa watsoni, Cocculina lissocona, Scissurella proxima, Puncturella hendersont, P. tenuicula, Emarginula (Rimula) larva, ?Bathysciadium concentricum. New varieties: Mangilia (Sericifila, var.?) strongyla, Phitbertia perdecorata, var.? lionta, Hyalina torticula elusiva. New names: Leda aspecta, Lewcophysema eburneola. FosHaG, Wituiam F., Harry M. Berman, and Rosert B. Gace. The occurrence and properties of Chlorophoenicite, a new arsenate from Franklin, New Jersey. No.2669,pp. 1-6. Mbarenvitr BD Ti We eel, in via re Gye fyi. Gace, Rospert B. (See Foshag, William F.)..-__--------- Gauan, A. B. Some Braconid and Chalcid flies from For- mosa, parasitic on Aphids. - No. 2657, pp. 1-7. January 7, New species: Aphidius unilachni, A. laticeps, A. commodus, Tri- oxys, communis, T. struma. GREENE, Cuartes T. Descriptions of larvae and pupae of two-winged flies belonging to the family Leptidae. No. 2651,'pp: 1-20. November 12) 192634 200 __ gue kL Howe ., A. Brazter. Contribution to the anatomy of the Chinese finless porpoise Neomeris phocaenoides. No. 2662, Doo te Larehs: ks MOR ge bank Uavce ene eure a cae ee ee vil Artiadl 20 20 13 Vill TABLE OF CONTENTS Huser, L. L. A taxonomic and ecological review of the North American Chalcid-flies of the genus Callimome. No. 2663, pp. 1-114. Maye be ik Og Bee Sei ab rue ty ur a Za New genera: Allotorymus, Platykula. New species: Callimome scalaris, C. sulcatum, C. mellipes, C. du- biosum, C. fuluum, C. duplicatum, C. alamedensis, C. alaskensis, C. capite, C. ferrugineipes, C. rhoditidis, C. aeneoscapum, C. rosae, C. tubularis, C. strobiloides, C. missouriensis, C. asteridis, C. atriplicis, C. kinseyi, C. pilularidis, C. baccharidis, C. longi- stigmum, C. citripes, C. coloradensis, C. perplecum, C. cruenta- tum, C. multicolor, C. koebelei, C. dasyneurae, C. rohwert, C. castanopsidis, C. giganticum, C. coccineum, C. gahani, C. aereum, C. robustum, C. bicoloratum, C. hirsutum, C. capillaceum, C. tar- sale, C. rubenidis, C. minutissimum, C. occidentale, C. albitarse, C. cinerosum, C. prunicola, C. solidaginis, C. osborni, C, tricolor. New variety: Callmome californicum, var. subdolum. New names: Callimome bruesi, C. fullawayi, C. sativae. Kirk, Epwin. Tanaodon, a new molluscan genus from the Middle Devonian of China. No. 2661, pp. 1-4. February PALS Pa I 1? ee esr a CG NL A eR aiopesataeens ai DMB cy! ory New genus: T'anaodon. New species: Tanodon louderbackt. LaipLtaw, F. F. Description of a new dragon fly from Lower Siam belonging to the genus Urothemis. No. 2666, pp. 1-3. Frebrurs ry 25) Sh 18 es he fr re te Se Re eS REN ee at New species: Urothemis abbottt. Linton, Epwin. Notes on cestode parasites of birds. No. 26565-pp.7113 5 + Kebruary sain 92 tan soe ee ee Oe eee New genus: Valipora. New species: Tetrabothrius sulcatus, Choanotaenia ransom, Hy- menolepis anceps, H. ductilis, H. hamulacanthos, Valipora muta- bilis, V. parvispine, Gyrocoelia milligani, Fimriaria falciformis. MacCatuum, G. A. Nematode eggs from the gill region of a shark Carcharhinus milberti. No. 2655, pp. 1-2. October is Pye 992) st SR RUE er a MA RE Rc EN a Marsu, C. Dwieut. On a collection of Copepoda from Flor- ida with a description of Diaptomus floridanus, new species. No::2659, pps 1-4... December. 16, 1926 too. 2) sehen New species: Diaptomus floridanus. Merritt, Grorce P. A stony meteorite from Forksville, Mecklenburg County, Virginia. No. 2670, pp. 1-4. Feb- ruatyy 25; LO27 owe te dee jee 4 RS IRM ale ane NRA DS Article 14 12 17 1 Date of publication. TABLE OF CONTENTS Porter, Bennet A. American wasps of the genus Sceliphron Klug. No. 2650, pp. 1-22. December 1, 1926?___-_---- RicumMonp, Cuartes W. Generic names applied to birds during the years 1916 to 1922, inclusive, with additions to Waterhouse’s ‘“‘Index Generum Avium.” No. 2664, pp. See ADIL. Oy Oe tee k ee as cae ee eS Ritey, J. H. A collection of birds from the provinces of Yunnan and Szechwan, China, made for the National Geo- graphic Society by Dr. Joseph F. Rock. No. 2654, pp. 1-70. (OG gE) 2 SS 0 OB 9 AY ae ee or eS Suannon, Raymonp C. A review of the South American two-winged flies of the family Syrphidae. No. 2658, pp. ES UUM Fa tag LPS 8-7 See Cy ee New genera: Claraplumula, Calostigma, Alipumilio, Halictomyia, Fazia, Valdivia. New subgenus: Pelecinobaccha. New species: Xanthandrus flavomaculatus, Braziliana peruviana, Claraplumula latifacies, Calostigma elnora, Allograpta piurana, Baccha (Pelecinobaccha) peruviana, B. (Baccha) micropelecina, B. (B.) punctata, B. (B.) hirta, Alipumilio femoratus, Halictomyia boliviensis, Eumyiolepta braziliana, Quichuana knabi, Habromyia flavifacies, Mallota inversa, M. nigra, M. aberrans, Microdon (Ubristes) lactetpennis, M. (U.) trigoniformis, M. (U.) goettei, M. (U.) fraudator, M. (U.) scutellaris, M. scolopus, M. maculatus, M. nigrispinosus, M. batesi, Alloggrapta pulchra, Fazia bullaephora, F. australis, Syrphus reedi, Scaeva occidentalis, B. filiola, B. feliz, Valdivia darwini, V. nigra, V. ruficauda. New name: Mesogramma philippt. i Date of publication. x Article 15 nh (8) Be Sia Wet ae aes LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES AMERICAN WASPS OF THE GENUS SCELIPHRON Kiva By Bennet A. Porter Facing page J—4. Details of Scelapnaron Wasps. -— =. 22225 oe ee scan ae 1. DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE AND PUPAE OF TWO-WINGED FLIES BE- LONGING TO THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE By Charles T. Greene Larvae and pupae of. the family Leptidae. ..2 1.222 Lesson 2 sensee 2a unge OL the family Geptidaes 2. el: 2 Ne oe On GO SS Se ae ee SS A FOSSIL PALM FRUIT FROM THE MippLE EocreNE or NortTa- WESTERN PERU By Edward W. Berry ASTOR OVRCOID DOLLY on ee ee New UnocorrTip LAND SHELLS FROM MeExiIco By Paul Bartsch . New Urocoptid land shells from Mexico.---2------++--12----2--s---e NoTES ON CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS By Edwin Linton Cestadestof erebe, gulliand tem. ee Ub. uk Oe Cestodes of shearwaters and night heron__._-.1__--------+---------- Cestodes of shearwater, grebe, and loon____-_---_-_~-2--l LLL Lee Cestodes of frigate-bird, gull, and green heron____--__-------------- Cestodes of green heron, English sparrow, gulls, and loon____-------- Cestodes of loon, gulls, and merganser______-_----------- au aie Cathe Cestodes of green heron, scoter, and whistler duck____----_----------- Cestodes of whistler duck, gulls, and merganser_-.--..------------- Cestodes of merganser and American pochard___------------------- . Cestodes of American pochard, grebes, loon, scaup duck, coot, and 22 20 20 14 XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS A REVIEW OF THE SouTH AMERICAN TWO-WINGED FLIES OF THE FAMILY SYRPHIDAE By Raymond C. Shannon Facing page 1. Figs. 1-10. 1, Wing of Alipumilio femoratus. 2, Head and thoracic dorsum of same. 3, Head of same, frontal view. 4, Abdomen of Allograpta piurana. 5, Wing of Calostigma elnora. 6, Wing of Halictomyia boliviensis. 7, Side view of head of Fazia australis. 8, Side view of head of Fazia bullaephora. 9, Apex of wing of Syrphus ribesti. 10, Apex of wing of Fazia bullaephora_____-___- New West AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS By Paul Bartsch 1—6.. West sAmericanamarine molluslesingu ays pole mn n ree a eee oes Sere aes TANAODON, A NEW MOLLUSCAN GENUS FROM THE MiIppLE DEVONIAN oF CHINA By Edwin Kirk 1. Tanaodon, a new molluscan genus from China__________------------ CONTRIBUTION TO THE ANATOMY OF THE CHINESE FINLESS PORPOISE NEOMERIS PHOCAENOIDES By A. Brazier Howell 1. Enlargement of section through epidermal dot of the dorsal ridge of Nieoments = 26 Saris 28 Dee Ue Ea Ne De Wi TS ae a(n A TAXONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL REVIEW OF THE NortH AMERICAN CHALCID-FLIES OF THE GENUS CALLIMOME By L. L. Huber J=3. Stigmal' veins of Callimome. 2 s2 cece WA cee es Vue oe BN eared oe A? Calltmome aout: ads Geta se aii eee ie ey Sea al) FORAMINIFERA OF THE GENUS EHRENBERGINA AND ITS SPECIES By Joseph A. Cushman 1-2. Species of the Foraminifera genus Ehrenbergina_____.___---------- DESCRIPTION OF A NEW DRAGON FLY FROM LOWER SIAM BELONGING TO THE GENUS UROTHEMIS By F. F. Laidlaw 1. Wings of left side of male Urothemis abbottt____..__....------------ A sTONY METEORITE FROM FORKSVILLE, MECKLENBURG COUNTY, VIRGINIA By George P. Merrill 1-3. Forksville; Virginia; smeteorites. 22 00e 7) on ees a ee A REVISION OF THE BEETLES OF THE GENUS OEDIONYCHIS OCCUR- RING IN AMERICA NORTH OF MeExIco By Doris Holmes Blake 1-2. North American beetles of the genus Oedionychis_____----------- 34 36 112 44 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TEXT FIGURES NEMATODE EGGS FROM THE GILL REGION OF A SHARK CARCHARHINUS MILBERTI By G. A. MacCallum ON A COLLECTION OF COPEPODA FROM FLORIDA WITH A DESCRIPTION oF Di1aPpTomMuUs FLORIDANUS, NEW SPECIES By C. Dwight Marsh 1-6. (1) Right wing of last cephalothoracic segment X 223. (2) Profile Ly 2. ie of fifth segment of female to show dorsal spine X 223. (8) Abdo- men of female X 223. (4) Terminal segments of right male antenna X 223. (5) Fifth foot of female X 4388. (6) Fifth foot CO) Be CANE CS ae Pa eS ec a i ka ea oh nN A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ANATOMY OF THE CHINESE FINLESS PORPOISE NEOMERIS PHOCAENOIDES By A. Brazier Howell . External aspect of Neomeris. Upper, dorsal view; middle, lateral view Olripht sides lower: ventral yiew..--..--.-.22.-24-—s----s Uae 29 Cl mee eer ee snare Pete ees re ree oe ee eR Ree ee 3 From a dorsal view, the antennal capsules are below the anterior end ORME aii eC eae ee Pee ig ah SE ee a ra ee ESS Se 5 With processes at the antero-basal portion of the antennal capsules___ 4 Without antennal processes; antennal capsules free; a circlet of long hairs on the dorsal side of the eye; spiracles as in figure 8. (No. 8) Xylophagus abdominalis Loew. Antennal processes pointed and directed outward; spiracles as in figure 5) eee © <0 ¢ eee ees Fis er rabet lS ewe (No. 9) Xylophagus lugens Loew. Antennal processes flattened and directed forward, inner apical points touching; spiracles with bead-like slits as in figure 10. (No. 10) Rhachicerus nitidus Johnson. Head small; abdomen tapering posteriorly to a point; spiracles very small; anterior thoracic spiracle with a large spine below; abdominal spiracles reniform with four radiating pale lines, see figure 11. (No. 11) Vermileo comstockii Wheeler. Head large; sides of abdomen nearly parallel________________________ 6 Anterior portion of head with a very large rugose prominence; puparium very large and robust; spiracles as in figure 12. (No. 12) Coenomyia ferruginea Scopoli. Headi without ithe prominen cet 2052 seater aie ses pe ee P saes ee ea Spiracles located on large flattened chitinous plates as in figure 13. (No. 13) Leptis mystacea Macquart. ~~ Spiraclesimot on ar flattened: platese. = 2225 2 2ee Se eee 8 Spiracles quite small; slits arranged in pairs with light-colored spaces between asin feure 42a see (No. 14) Chrysopila quadrata Say. Spirucles larger: and) more normal sinesizes 2 eee ee 9 Spinaculani plate; round edl: 43 see ess oe Sh eee oe 2 Fee ee 10 Spiracular plate elongate elliptical as in figure 15. : (No. 15) Chrysopila fasciata Say. 1 This species is either Chrysopila ornata or thoracica. A PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 10. Spiracular plate quite large as in figure 16; puparium with two small bristles in the middle of the thoracic dorsum. (No. 16) Chrysopila foeda Loew. Spiracular plate smaller, of medium size, as in figure 17; puparium with four small bristles in the middle of the thoracic dorsum. (No. 17) Chrysopila ornata Say. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES XYLOMYIA PALLIPES Loew Plate a Habits—tLarvae are usually scavengers and may occasionally be predacious. They have been found under the bark of fallen cotton- wood trees (Populus) and also under the bark, and in the ferment- ing sap in wounds, of tulip poplar (Liriodendron). Larva (fig. 1) —Small; dull, dark yellowish brown; head pointed; body transversely elliptical; sides parallel; 11 segments, in addition to the head, of nearly equal length; the last segment slightly longer and rounded apically; surface of body reticulate except for a large bare area on the dorsum of the first segment and a smaller area on the second; dorsal anterior surface of head terminates anteriorly into a sharp process; on the side of the head, below the apex, is the minute two-jointed thimble like antenna with the apical joint much smaller; near the basal outer angle of head is a small yellow bristle; near each dorso-anterior angle of segments 2 to 10 is a depression; segments 4 to 11 have a transverse, anterior row of small, round depressions, those of the last segment are larger; segment 1 has two bristles at each anterior corner; segments from 1 to 10 have a dorsal pair of bristles just back of the transverse middle line and the seg- ments from 2 to 11 have one lateral bristle; at each posterior angle of the last segment is a small bristle; on the venter, all segments except the last have a pair of widely separated bristles; along the ventral segmental line of the last segment are four bristles, the two middle ones the smaller; just back of the middle is a transverse row of four bristles, between this row and the apex of the segment are two bristles; anal opening surrounded by a rounded ridge. Anterior spiracle (fig. a) on the side of the first segment; it is heavily chitin- ized, dark yellowish red, the anterior end much darker; the narrow, distinctly elevated ridges are pale yellow. The posterior end of the larva opens transversely like a mouth, and within the lips, which are yellowish brown chitinized, smooth and shining, is a central de- pressed plate with a rounded ridge around the edge; in the middle of this plate is a rounded elongate elevation with six small, rounded punctures on each side, in the upper part are two transverse rows of small, rounded punctures and at each of its lower corners are situated ART, 2 LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE—GREENE 5 the posterior spiracles (fig. b); these spiracles are yellowish brown, nearly circular, with a broad flat peritreme which is divided into about 32 equal parts, nearly rectangular and separated from each other by very fine grooves; inside of the peritreme is a large depressed area with a roughly granular surface and in the center of this de- pression is a dark brown, small, smooth, circular area. Length, 9 mm.; width, 2 mm.; thickness, 1.4 mm. Arlington Farm, Va. Larvae and pupae from Robinia poda- grica, reared March 12, 1906, by A. D. Hopkins. Hopk. U. S. No. 6062. Pupa (fig. 1).—Very thin, shining, transparent, with a yellowish tinge. Antennal capsules large, pointing outward, faintly annu- lated to the tip; just posterior to the base of these are three faint ocellar punctures. Thorax slightly longer than wide, smooth; wing pads smooth, reaching to the apex of the third abdominal segment ; thoracic spiracle (fig. c) situated on a small elevation; the spiracular entrance is golden yellow, sinuous, and contains a great number of short radiating slits. Abdomen cylindrical, composed of eight seg- ments; first and last segment without any spines; segments 2 to 7 with a transverse, dorsal row of reddish yellow spines just posterior to the middle of the segment; segments 1 to 7 have a spiracle (fig. d) on the antero-lateral surface; spiracle small, golden yellow, slightly elevated; last segment rounded at apex and entirely smooth. Length, 6 mm.; diameter of thorax, 1.85 mm.; diameter of ab- domen, 1.75 mm. RHACHICERUS NITIDUS Johnson * Plates 1 and 2 Habits.—Larvae are predacious, and were found in the decayed trunks of sycamore trees which were lying on the ground. Larva (fig. 2)—Small, ivory white, cylindrical; head elongated, pointed, dark yellowish red, heavily chitinized, with three pairs of bristles, one pair near the apex, one pair near the middle, and one pair near the base; there are 11 segments in addition to the head; segments from 1 to 5 short and of equal length; segments 6 to 11 a little longer than the preceding segments and of equal length; encircling each segmental line is a row of small, round yellow spots. Anterior spiracle (fig. ¢) is located posteriorly on the side of the first seoment; it is nearly elliptical, reddish yellow, and around the edge shining; the middle is depressed and granular, and at the an- terior end of the depression are six small elongated tubercles point- ing backward. On the dorsum of segment 1 is a small triangle “It is of interest to notice the difference in the texture of the chitin in the closely allied genrea Rhaohicerus and Xylophagus. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 of reddish yellow chitin which is composed of small amoebalike pieces. Caudal plate is reddish yellow, large, nearly round and terminating in a broad bifid projection with two pointed prongs, which are well separated and curved upward; each prong has three bristles; on the ventral side at the base of this caudal projection is a pair of large bristles; in the middle of the caudal plate is a faint depression in which are several small, rounded punctures and a row of four similar punctures on each side; near the base of the plate are the posterior spiracles (fig. 7); they are round, shghtly elongate, and darker red, with the middle part faintly depressed and surrounded by a narrow, serrated, light-colored band; in the center of the depression is a small black crescent band; anterior to the spiracles is a pair of bristles and on each side are two bristles. Venter of first segment has on each side a triangle of chitin like that on the dorsum; between segments 3 and 4, and between all of the following segments to between 9 and 10, is a roughened transverse band of small reddish spines. Anal opening elongate, surrounded by a narrow darkened linear depression which has a V-shaped arm on each side. Length, 9 mm.; diameter, 1.4 mm. Rosslyn, Va., April 25, 1913, in rotton log, R. C. Shannon, col- lector. Great Falls, Va., April 12, 1924, larvae in log of sycamore, pupated May 11, 1924, adults emerged May 25, 1924, C. T. Greene, collector. Pupa (fig. 10)—Pale to dark reddish yellow; nearly opaque; head and thorax more shining than the abdomen, which is cylindri- cal and rather dull. The antennal capsules are more reddish than the head, annulated and enlarged at bases; a deep rugose depression occurs between the bases of the antennal capsules; a small yellow bristle directed forward is situated near the anterior portion of each of them, and on their anterior edge is a large keel-shaped, rugose, inwardly directed projection, both projections touching each other, and generally there is an opening between them, but sometimes not ; head is rounded and bears three deep, circular, ocellar punctures; on the side of each posterior ocellus is a small bristle-like hair. Thorax much longer than wide; near the anterior dorsal end is a sinuous row of small rounded punctures which are much larger laterally; at the anterior angles of the thorax are the prothoracic spiracles (fig. s) which are of a very deep reddish color; the slits in the entrance place are rounded, bead-like, and pale yellow. The abdomen is composed of eight segments, the first segment about half as long as the second and the segments from 2 to 7 about equal in length; dorsum of segment 1 has a transverse row of four pairs of bristles near the transverse median line, and segments from 2 to 7 have two ART, 2 LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE—GREENE 7 transverse widely separated rows of spines; in the posterior row the spines are larger and some have a hair-like termination; each seg- ment from 1 to 7 has a small spiracle (fig. ¢) which in color and shape looks like the thoracic one (fig. s), and below each spiracle is a spine; last segment is rounded posteriorly and has a tail-like prolongation; anteriorly, there is a transverse row of four widely separated, long, pointed spines terminating like a hair; at the middle is a transverse, granular, dull area, and posteriorly it ends with a pair of broad, bifid lobes; each lobe is compressed, rounded dorsally, but ventrally sharp and spine-like; ventrally and near the base the segment bears two widely separated pairs of small spines. Leg capsules reach to the first fifth of the second segment. Length, 8-10 mm.; width of thorax, 1.5-2 mm. XYLOPHAGUS LUGENS Loew Plates 1 and 2 Habits—tLarvae are predacious on beetle larvae and were found under the bark of chestnut, pine, and oak. Larva (fig. 3) —Very much like Yylophagus abdominalis with the following exceptions: The anterior portion of the head has a single bristle on each side; posterior to this bristle are two others closely set together and at the base is a single bristle; the chitinous plates on the dorsum are absent on segment 3; on the anterior edge of the chitin of the first segment is only a single bristle on each side; anterior spiracle (fig. g) is deep red with the anterior portion rounded and the posterior terminating in a long, narrow band; the anterior portion has a transverse, reddish yellow, crescent-shaped area divided into narrow parallel structures, which are pointed anteriorly, and in front of this area is a narrow, black, curved band; just back of the reddish yellow crescent-shaped area is a narrow, light-colored, spindle-shaped one inclosed by a darker ring. Caudal plate bifid at apex with the two prongs widely separated at the base ; posterior spiracle (fig. 2) is elliptical, shghtly elevated, very dark red, and apparently open in the center; the design following the contour is arranged as a double row of short serrat lines. Ventral sides of segments 1 and 2 either entirely covered or nearly cov- ered with chitin; anal plate almost circular and the roughened border around this plate and the V-shaped arms on each side are very wide. Length, 15-19 mm.; diameter, 2-2.75 mm. Great Falls, Va.: larvae under bark of chestnut feeding on larvae of Vrographis fasciata (Degeer). Larvae collected March 28, 1917; adults emerged April 2, 1917, C. T. Greene, collector. Virginia shore, near Plummer Island; no date; H. S. Barber, collector. Dead 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 Run, Fairfax County, Va., March 20, 1924. Adults emerged March 24, 1924, C. T. Greene, collector. Pupa (fig. 9)—Wight amber yellow; semitransparent; thorax more shining than the abdomen; abdomen nearly cylindrical. The antennal capsule is annulated and more reddish yellow than the head; on the upper edge of the base of the capsule and pointing outward is a hornlike, cylindrical projection, and at the base is one large bristlelike hair; between the bases is a deep groove, and apically on the head is a small plate with four rounded punctures; head capsule smooth with the ocellar depressions well defined; im- mediately in front of the sinuate posterior suture, and on each side of the median line, is a transverse row of eight or nine slightly elongate depressions or punctures. Thorax nearly as wide as long; just back of the middle of the lateral margin is a large single bristle; at the anterior portion, on the dorsum, are four rounded depressions, and just back of these is a transverse, slightly arcuate row of similar depressions; on each dorsal anterior angle of the thorax is located a thoracic spiracle (fig. g); these spiracles are slightly more reddish than thorax and have a raised black ridge; upon the latter is located the spiracular entrance, which contains a series of small radiating slits arranged in a sinuous line. The abdomen is composed of eight seoments; the first segment is rather narrow; the third to eighth of nearly equal length; segments from 1 to 7 have a spiracle (fig. 7), which is very similar to the thoracic spiracle but smaller, and with the ridge more brown than black; below each abdominal spiracle is a spinelike bristle; first segment has a transverse row of four long bristles on its dorsal and more numerous bristles on its lateral portions, while the segments from 2 to 7 have a transverse row of closely set laterally longer bristles, and on these latter segments a broad, trans- verse, rugose band is present along the basal margin; last segment is longer but not so wide as the preceding; it bears a transverse enlargement along which are large bristly spines arranged in groups of four; and it terminates in a large prolongation which apically is split into two conical lobes, each with a blackish point; the ventral sides of the segments from 1 to 7 bear a transverse row of bristles corresponding to those on the dorsal sides; the last segment has two spinelike outward-pointing projections on the venter, near the middle. Leg capsules reach the middle of the third segment. Length, 11-14 mm.; width of thorax, 2-3 mm. XYLOPHAGUS ABDOMINALIS Loew Plates 1 and 2 Habits —Larvae are predacious on beetle larvae which were found under the bark of pine. ART. 2 LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE—GREENE 9 Larva (fig. 4)—Large, elongate, cylindrical, ivory white; head black, pointed and chitinized when fully extended longer than shown in figure 4; on the antero-dorsal portion are two parallel punctures; near the anterior end of each of these punctures is a pair of short bristles; farther back is another pair of bristles; just posterior to this pair and nearer the median line is a single bristle; on the side, near the base, is a single bristle. There are 11 segments in addition to the head; the first longer than the second; second segment rather short; segments 3 and 4 of equal length, a little longer than the second; segments 5 to 10 much longer than segment 4, and each succeeding segment slightly longer than the preceding; first three segments with deep reddish, mahogany-colored chitin plates on the dorsum; chitin plates on the third segment vary trom two large spots, as shown, to a continuous band; anterior spiracle (fig. 7) large, chitinized, mahogany red, broadly rounded anteriorly and tapering to a point at the posterior end; in the broad portion is a transverse elliptical blackish area with a round black dot in the middle; in front of this is a broad crescent-shaped yellowish area with a middle row of bead-like tubercles, and anterior to this area is a narrow, black, crescent-shaped band; the segments from 4 to 9 have a transverse, antero-dorsal band of red chitinous spines; first segment has three large bristles dorsally on side; segments 2 and 3 have two bristles, dorsally, on each side; segments 4 to 10 have two bristles laterally on each side; segments 1 to 10 have a single bristle on the lateral surface near the middle; the last segment has three bristles on each side, and a heavily chitinized plate is present at its apex, anterior edge of plate pointed, and posterior end of plate bifid, each prong curving outward; on the dorsum of this plate are present on each side, one large bristle in the middle; two similar ones laterally, one at the base of the prong and two near its apex; on the ventral surface is a single bristle; on the dorsum of the plate, near the base of the prongs, on each side is located the posterior spiracle (fig. 7); this 1s very dark red; the middle portion is de- pressed and has a large dark spot at the anterior end, and around the middle depressed area is an elevated, flattened ridge divided into 62 small rectangular plates; on each side of the middle part of the dorsum of the last segment is a large irregular, chitinous plate, and along the anterior segmental line on each side are two smaller, irregular plates of red chitin which are variable in size. On the ventral surface each segment from 1 to 3 has a pair of widely separated bristles near the transverse middle line of the segment; the venter of segment 1 has red chitin along the anteroir edge extending along the lateral edges until it reaches the posterior end of the segment, and on the segments from 4 to 10 is a transverse, pono nene a ere of small Elven points present anteriorly; al 3061—26——2 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 70 opening long, in the center of a large, broad, oval-shaped area which has a V-shaped arm on each side; the edge of this oval-shaped area and the arms are roughened; each segmental ijine is completely encircled by a row of small, chitinous, rounded dots. Length, 25-28 mm.; diameter, 2.75-3 mm. Riverton, N. J., larvae and pupae under damp bark of pine March 20. Male and female adults emerged April 5, C. W. Johnson, col- lector. Falls Church, Va., October 10, 1913, C. T. Greene, collector. Webster, N. H., reared May 4, 1906, W. F. Fisk, collector. Hopks. U. S. No. 87317. Falls Church, Va., reared June 12, 1916, irom under bark of Pinus virginiana by C. T. Greene. Pupa (fig. 8)—lWLight amber yellow; semitransparent, with the thorax shining and the abdomen rather dull and cylindrical. The antennal capsule anrulated, more reddish yellow in color; there is a deep groove between the bases of the antennal capsules; no horn- like projection at base of capsule; at the dorsal base of each antenna is one long yellowish, bristle-like hair; the plate or area back of the antennae has two raised parts on each side; three ocellar punctures present; to the outer side of these punctures, on each side, is a group of about 15 long yellow bristle-like hairs; postero-dorsal suture of the head is sinuous and marked by about a score of elon- gated, narrow depressions. The thorax is much longer than wide; near the anterior end of dorsum is a transversely arcuate row of punctures, which are larger toward the middle of the row, and near its posterior end is a sinuous suture with numerous elongated narrow punctures in front; the anterior or prothoracic spiracle (fig. 0) is deep reddish yellow with several wrinkles which are much darker in color, and it is located at the outer anterior angle of the thorax; spiracular slits light yellow, radiating and arranged in a sinuous row whose ends are bent toward each other and nearly touching; on each side of the thorax, near the transverse middle line, is a large bristle-like hair; just back of this hair and above it are two similar hairs; near the posterior end of thorax is a sinuous suture having numerous, elongated, narrow punctures along its anterior edge; and near the posterior angles of the thorax, on each side, are two bristles. Abdomen cylindrical or occasionally depressed, composed of eight nearly equally long segments; segments from 1 to 7, on each side, with a shining reddish yellow spiracle (fig. p.) similar in color to the prothoracic; below each abdominal spiracle is a spine- like bristle; first segment with a transverse row of widely separated bristles along the posterior edge; these bristles are more numerous toward the lateral end; posterior margin of segments 2 to 7 with a row of closely set bristles which are longer laterally; each of the seoments fram 2 to 7, when fully extended, has a broad transverse ART. 2 LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE—GREENE 11 rugose band along the basal margin; last segment swollen laterally, with four pairs of bristles arranged in a transverse row across the middle of the dorsum; apex bilobed, each lobe rounded apically and terminating with a large bristle; ventrally, the posterior margins of segments from 1 to 7 are provided with a transverse row of bristles in continuation of the dorsal rows, and medianly on the ventral side of the last segment are two small tubercles which terminate in a laterally projecting spine. Length, 12-15 mm.; width of thorax, 2.25-3 mm. ATHERIX VARIEGATA Walker Plate 1 Habits —The eggs are deposited in dense masses attached to dry branches overhanging water. Numerous females contribute to the formation of these egg masses and they also remain there and die. The larvae hatching drop into the water, where they are predacious. Larva (fig. 5).—Large, luteous, cylindrical, smooth; 11 segments; first four segments tapering anteriorly; the caudal segment with two long processes; prolegs well developed. Both thoracic and abdomi- nal spiracular plates undeveloped. Head quite small, well developed, retractile; antenna small, cylindrical, pointed, about four times longer than its diameter. Segments 1 to 3 have three large bristly hairs on each side, arranged in a vertical row; segment 4 has a small, pointed tubercle on the latero-dorsal portion, and one pair of well developed prolegs (fig. /) with large, hook-like spines on their ventral surfaces; posterior to each proleg are two spine-like hairs; segments 5 to 10 similar to the fourth but larger, the tubercles are larger and there is an additional poimted process on the lower an- terior part of the side; this process is much longer on the tenth seg- ment; last segment slightly smaller than the preceding segment and has two pointed, plumose processes which are slightly longer than the segment; on the side of the segment is a horizontal row of long, delicate yellow hairs; anal opening on the dorsum between the bases of the two processes; on the dorsum, on each side, is a group of three long bristly hairs, and on the venter is a single median proleg; pos- terior to this and above it is a transverse, elliptical, smooth, white respiratory organ, which can be inflated. On the ventral surface of each of the abdominal segments from 1 to 7 and posterior to the pro- legs, is a pair of bristle-like hairs; at the ventral base of each caudal process there is also a bristle-like hair. Length, 18 mm.; diameter, 2.25 mm. Beltsville, Md., in Paint Branch, July 2, 1922, H. S. Barber, collector, We PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM yo... 70 VERMILEO COMSTOCKIL Wheeler Plates 1 and 2 Habits—The eggs are deposited in sand, and the larvae form conical pitfalls in which to ensnare small insects. Larva—tThe dried larval skin is opaque white and is so distorted that it is impossible to give any idea of the shape. It is fastened at the tip of the pupa (fig. 11); near the caudal end of the larva, and apparently on the dorsum, are three pairs of very stout yel- lowish spines which taper to a hook-like point; the mouth parts (fig. 6) are deep brown, semitransparent; head capsule seen from above pyriform in outline, the anterior portion irregularly sculp- tured; in the lateral view it is arched dorsally; the long central rod is broad and arched; the small rods at the anterior end are parallel to the main rod. Even after soaking this larval skin for a day or two I was unable to add anything to the above. Pupa (fig. 11)—Medium sized, semitransparent, very faintly yellowish white, thorax semitransparent with a yellowish brown in- fuscaticn and slightly larger in diameter than the abdomen; abdo- men tapering slightly toward the apex. Head small, rounded; antennal capsules elongated, pointed and slightly raised from the undersurface of the head. Thorax longer than broad and smooth; wing pads with numerous short rugosities; on the dorso-lateral surface of the thorax, near the anterior end, is located the thoracic spiracle (fig. w); this spiracle is very small, deep brownish black, shining, with the narrow outer edge and the central design paler in color; directly below the spiracle, directed forward and shghtly downward, is a long, tapering, spine-like bristle. Abdomen is com- posed of eight segments of about equal length but tapering toward the apex; on the intersegmental skin are two transverse lines com- posed of very small, roughened areas which may be easily concealed in the segmental folds; near the antero-lateral angle of the segments from 1 to 7, are the abdominal spiracles (fig. v), which are very small, reniform, with an anterior concavity, and brownish black with four radiating, narrow, dark yellow stripes. The last segment is very narrow but otherwise can not be described on account of the larval skin being attached in such a way that it can not be removed. Length, 8 mm.; diameter of thorax, 1.75 mm.; diameter of abdo- men at base, 1.25 mm. Larval skin attached to apex of puparium. Alta Meadows, Calif., no date, Dr. W. M. Wheeler, collector. ART. 2 LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE—GREENE 13 CHRYSOPILA, species Plate 1 Habits —Larvae appear to be scavengers. They are found under dead leaves on the ground in the woods and also in the wet frass in tree holes. Larva (fig. 7).—Large, white, cylindrical, elongate, smooth; first two segments tapering slightly to the small head; 11 segments in addition to the head. Head (fig. 7) small, its dorsal portion with faintly impressed lines, giving the surface a slightly rugose appear- ance; the frontal portion of the head (fph) is heavily chitinized, the chitin is reddish yellow, and is divided into a right and left half, each half terminating in an arcuate row of large, elongated teeth; seen from above, the head is divided antero-medianly by an elongate, keel-shaped: plate (p/) which is compressed below; on each side of this plate is an elongated, triangular area, covered with reddish yellow spines pointing upward and slightly backward; laterally, is a small oval elevation upon which is located the antenna; this is white, cylindrical, single jointed, slightly larger at the base and with its length about five times its diameter; mandibles (md) tri- angular, robust, heavily chitinized, reddish-yellow; maxillary palpus white, smooth, cylindrical, its length about four times its diameter. On each side of the ventral surface of the head are two small bristles. First 10 segments are of equal length; the integument along each segmental line is raised into 5 to 7 transverse rows of slightly flat- tened ridges and each ridge is divided into short scale-hke parts of unequal length. Anterior spiracle (fig. 7) small, shehtly elevated, yellow, located on the side of the first segment, oval in outline; the center with a small, circular white spot, and two small oval depres- sions posterior to this spot; last segment slightly rounded, termi- nating in four pointed, fiattened lobes, the under surface of which is yellowish and slightly rugose; these lobes have a short yellow fringe of hairs around the edge, and each lobes has a large bristle in the middle of its inner face just before the apex; between the upper and lower lobes is a large conical tubercle pointing backward; on the side of last segment are several well defined, linear depres- sions; anal opening in the middle of the venter of last segment, located on a large, rounded, rugose elevation. Posterior spiracle (fig. 7) is situated at the base of each upper lobe; it is heavily chit- inized, reddish yellow, and in outline elliptical with a slight dorsal concavity; the peritreme is divided into 40 equal parts which are pointed distally, and proximally at their bases is a row of short, radiating, raised lines; in the center of the spiracle is a transverse, sinuous depression. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 70 Length, 26 mm.; diameter, 3 mm. Near Plummer Island, Md., March 20, 1921, H. S. Barber, col- lector. COENOMYIA FERRUGINEA Scopcli Plate 2 Habits—Larvae appear to be predacious. They have been re- corded as occurring in fields and probably feed on white grubs which are common there. There are no specimens of the larva of this species in the national collection. Pupa (fig. 12)—Robust, dark yellowish red, the thorax shining, smooth, and the abdomen more yellowish subpolitus, rugose and cylindrical. Head broad, very rugose; antennal capsule deep red, short, robust, annulated on apical portion; in front of the base of each antennal capsule is a short conical process pointing outward; seen from above there is a small, well defined groove medianly in the anterior part of the head, and a long bristle on each side of this groove; below each antenna is a flattened, pointed process pointing outward, and at its base is a stout bristle; in the middle of the dorsal part of the head is a small rugose area with a large bristle on each side, and in the middle of the ventral part of the head is a broad, flattened process extending forward; behind this process is a raised, rugose area; width across head about four times the height. Thorax usually as broad as long, sometimes a little longer than broad; the suture at the anterior edge is very sinuous with a deep notch in the middle; near this notch are two short and one long transverse rugosi- ties; at about the anterior fourth of the dorsum is a transverse sin- uous row of small rounded punctures, and on the posterior half of the thorax there are several short, transverse lines of faint punctures; thoracic spiracle (fig. w) is located dorso-laterally on a prominent elevation; the peritreme is shining deep red while the inner part is luteous and nearly dull; in the skin belonging to the elevation and posterior to the spiracle is a depression with a narrow black line in the middle, and this line is bifurcated at the anterior end; near each posterior angle of the thorax is a rounded, well defined depression. Abdomen has eight well defined segments of nearly equal length; first segment without a transverse row of spines at its posterior mar- ein; segments from 2 to 7 with a row of reddish spines posteriorly ; segments from 1 to 7 have one central and two dorso-lateral pairs of long yellowish bristles; segments 1, 2, 6, and 7 each with a single transverse curved row of small, rounded punctures; segments 3 to 5 each has a double row of such punctures; on a prominent elevation on the side of each segment from 1 to 7 is a heavily chitinized spiracle ART. 2 LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE—GREENE 15 (fig. a) ; these spiracles are similar to the thoracic spiracles (fig. w) ‘but are slightly smaller; last segment terminates in two very robust, conical tubercles; near their dorsal base is a median unpaired, deep, rounded puncture; on the dorsum of the segment is a pair of oblique, elliptical depression, the edges of which are faintly annulated on the outer side but quite broad and nearly smooth on the inner side; each side of the segment forms a large, rounded lobe beset with an arcuate row of seven very large, spine-like projections pointing backward; at the basal margin of the segment and near its longitudinal middle line are four spines in a row, the two in the middle very long and the two exterior small. On the venter along the posterior margins of the segments are rows of spines as on the dorsum, but the ventral spines are longer than the dorsal. Length, 30 mm.; diameter of thorax, 7 mm.; diameter of abdomen, 6 mm. Fairbury, l., no date, A. H. Mundt, collector. Also a small label bearing “22.” Another specimen labeled “3893. Issued April 20, 86.” LEPTIS MYSTACEA Macquart Plate 3 Habits—tLarvae are predacious and have been recorded as occur- ring under moist dead leaves on the ground in the woods. There are no specimens of the larvae of this species in the national collection. Pupa (fig. 13).—Medium sized, luteous, subpolitus; thorax slightly wider than abdomen. Head rounded, shghtly wider than high; antennal capsules widely separated, appearing like a long pointed ridge on the front of the head (fig. y); just above and between the bases of the antennae are two round, rugose tubercles; above this pair of tubercles are three faint ocellar punctures; dorsally, at the base of the head, are six radiating faint wrinkles. Thorax shehtly longer than wide; on the anterior suture of thorax and close to the median line are two crescent-shaped areas the edges of which are darkened; at each of the anterior thoracic angles is a dark brown, rugose elevation upon which is situated the thoracic spiracle (fig. 2); its large entrance is yellow and contains numerous small, parallel, eliptical slits; wing pads smooth, reaching to the base of the first segment; leg capsules reaching a little beyond the wing pads. Abdomen is composed of eight segments of equal length; the first segment is smooth and destitute of spines; each of the segments from 2 to 7 has a posterior, transverse row of sharp- pointed spines of unequal length, and also on the dorso-anterior surface a transverse row of four sharp-pointed spines, of which 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 the inner ones are much larger and the outer ones sometimes entirely wanting; on the side of each segment is a broad elevated surface of the length of the segment; on this elevation are two large pointed spines, and sometimes several very small ones, forming a row, and at the anterior portion of the elevation is a small, reddish, elliptical tubercle upon which is located the abdominal spiracle (fig. aa) ; the spiracular entrance and general color as in the thoracic spiracle (fig. z); last segment is much narrower than the rest, with a pair of large, black, shining, pointed, conical projections widely separated and black at the tip only; dorsally, between these two pairs of conical projections, is a rounded, well-defined depression. Length, 12 mm.; diameter of thorax, 2.9 mm; diameter of abdo- men, 2.5 mm. Falls Church, Va., April 19, 1919, in frass at the base of an old decayed tree stump. Reared April 25, 1919, C. T. Greene, collector. Great Falls, Va., April 12, 1924, in a rotten log of sycamore. Reared April 22, 1924, C. T. Greene, collector. CHRYSOPILA QUADRATA Say Plate 3 Pupa (fig. 14)—Medium sized, subpolitus, yellowish red; thorax very slightly wider than the abdomen. Head nearly round; an- tennal capsules very small, pointed at apex, lying quite close to the under side of the head, appearing like small ridges; above the antennae, on the front of the head, are two small, rounded tubercles, and just back of this pair are four small, similar ones in a trans- verse row; on top of the head are two small bristles widely sepa- rated. Thorax about as broad as long; at the anterior median part, along the suture, are two small, pear-shaped rugose areas, each hav- ing two small bristles; laterally of these areas, on the anterior angle, is a prominent rugose tubercle upon which is situated the thoracic spiracle (fig. 6b); this spiracle is very small, shining, reddish yel- low with a sinuous entrance composed of small radiating, paired slits; on dorsum, near the middle, are two pairs of short bristles, the bristles of the posterior pair closer together; a narrow transverse plate is present at the posterior end of thorax; it is rugose in the middle and at each end of this rugosity are two short bristles; at each anterior angle is a single bristle. Abdomen is composed of eight segments of nearly equal length; each of the segments from 1 to 7 has a narrow transverse ridge near the basal edge; segment 1 has three bristles on each side of the dorsum; segments from 2 to 7 have a transverse, apical row of short, stout spines with a few longer than the majority; segments 1 to 7 have on the side near the basal angle a small rounded tubercle upon which is located a very small ART. 2 LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE—GREENE spiracle (fig. cc), color and general details as in the thoracic spiracle (fig. 6b); last segment has four large pointed processes along the posterior edge with much shorter ones between; the end of the segment is depressed in the middle with four small, rounded tubercles on the edge; ventro-posteriorly the segment is divided into two sharp, pointed, conical appendages. Length, 10 mm.; diameter of thorax, 2 mm.; diameter of abdo- men, 1.75 mm. Dead Run, Va. In frass at the base of a tree. Reared May 11, 116, by C. T. Greene, collector. CHRYSOPILA FASCIATA Say Plate 3 Pupa (fig. 15)—Small, dull, yellowish red with the thorax sub- politus. Head broader than high; antennal capsules small, narrow, slightly raised on the lower front part of the head; between these capsules are two narrow punctures; below each antenna is a small bristle; above the antennae are two small tubercles close together ; just above these are four rounded tubercles in a transverse row, each outer tubercle has a bristle at the apex; above these is another row of four tubercles, the two middle ones much smaller than the two outer ones and each tubercle having a bristle at the apex; on the dorsum near the back of the head is a pair of rounded tubercles widely separated, and just in front of the suture at the back of the head, near the thoracic spiracle, is a small, rounded tubercle; between these tubercles are several radiating rugosities near the middle. Thorax nearly one and one-half times longer than wide; on the middle of the dorsum are four small, rounded’ tubercles each with a bristle at the apex; on the anterior suture and narrowly separated are two broad, slightly raised, rugose elevations, each having a small bristle at the apex; at each anterior angle is a well defined, elongate tubercle, upon which is located the thoracic spiracle (fig. dd); this tubercle is reddish yellow, darker at the base; the slit is long, sinuous, yellow, and composed of small, parallel slits; on the side of the thorax, near the middle transverse line and close to the margin, is a single bristle; the narrow plate at the base of the thorax has two bristles on each side widely separated from the corresponding bristles on the opposite side. Abdomen is composed of eight segments, the first seven are nearly equal in length; first segment has a pair of widely separated bristles in the middle of the posterior portion of the dorsum; on each side of this pair are two rather closely set bristles; segments from 2 to 7 have at the posterior third a transverse dorsal row of sharp spines which terminate in a 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 short bristle, and near their basal margin have a transverse narrow ridge; each of the segments from 1 to 7 has a small tubercle at about the basal third of the lateral margin on which is located an ab- dominal spiracle (fig. ee); these spiracles are very similar to the thoracic (fig. dd7) but smaller; last segment about half as long as broad; on the dorsum on each side of the longitudinal middle line are three spines close together, the middle one much the longer; and exterior to these is one large spine with a small one at its base; viewed from behind, in the middle of the segment, is a depression with two rounded tubercles on the upper edge, and on the ventral part of the segment are two conical projections terminating in a sharp point; on the ventral side of the segments from 1 to 7 are rows of spines like those on the dorsum. Length, 7 mm.; diameter of thorax, 1.85 mm.; diameter of ab- domen, 1.25 mm. Baton Rouge, La., January 1, 1923. Reared April 2, 1923, T. H. Jones and W. G. Bradley, collectors; also labeled “ La. Agr. Exp. Sta. No. 1014.” CHRYSOPILA FOEDA Loew Plate 3 Pupa (fig. 16).—Fairly large, brick red; thorax shining, slightly wider than the abdomen; abdomen cylindrical. Head rounded, slightly depressed in front; antennal capsules small; tapering to a point, closely attached to the head below; on dorsum of head, widely separated, are two small tubercles, each with a bristle on top at the apex. Thorax about as wide as long; along the medianly dorso- anterior suture are two pyriform raised surfaces, each with a small bristle-bearing tubercle; near the anterior angle is a large rugose tubercle, upon which is located the thoracic spiracle (fig. 7f); the large sinuous entrance place contains a series of small, mostly par- allel yellowish slits; in the middle of the dorsum is a pair of short yellow bristles; the small plate at the dorso-basal part of the thorax has a bristle at each anterior angle. Abdomen has eight faintly rugose segments of nearly equal size; first segment, on the posterior half of the dorsum, has six bristles in a transverse row; segments from 2 to 7 have a transverse posterior row of short, closely set spines; segments from 1 to 7 have a tubercle on the sides at about the anterior third and upon the tubercle is located a spiracle (fig. gg); these spiracles are like figure 77, but smaller and not quite so rugose; last segment has a median transverse row of large, pointed, spine-like projections on each side; from the middle outward they are arranged as 3, 1, and 1; viewed from the rear the posterior end of the caudal segment is concave medianly with four rounded arr. 2 LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE—GREENE 19 tubercles at the edge; below this concavity are two oblique grooves; the ventral part of the segment terminates in a very large bifid tubercle with each prong pointed at the end; on the ventral side of segments from 1 to 7 are transverse rows of spines similar to the dorsal rows and continuous with these. Length, 15 mm.; diameter of thorax, 3 mm.; diameter of abdomen, 2.70 mm. Northern Illinois, no date. Collection of D. W. Coquillett. CHRYSOPILA ORNATA Say Plate 3 Pupa (fig. 17).—Uarge, dull, cylindrical, brick red, slightly darker toward caudal end; thorax slightly wider than abdomen. Head much broader than high; on the front part of the head are two pairs of rugose bristle-bearing tubercles, the anterior pair smaller and closer together; below these tubercules, very widely separated, are the antennal capsules, which are rounded, elongate, tapering to a point and fitting close to:the head; on the postero-dorsal portion of the head are two widely separated rugose tubercles without bristles. Thorax about as wide as long; along the dorso-anterior suture are two elliptical areas, each area with a median rugose tubercle which terminates in a thin hair; each antero-lateral angle with a prominent rugose tubercle which bears the thoracic spiracle (fig. hh); the spiracular entrance place is sinuous and composed of numerous, mostly parallel, yellow slits; at the postero-dorsal end of the thorax is a plate which is rugose medianly, each antero-lateral angle has a small bristle-bearing tubercle, and near the anterior edge a transverse row of four bristles; wing pads smooth, reaching to posterior edge of first abdominal segment; leg capsules between and extending slightly beyond the wing pads. Abdomen with eight faintly rugose seg- ments; first segment with a posterior transverse row of three pairs of bristles; segments 2 to 7 with a transverse, posterior row of short spines and three pairs of longer spines in the same row; on the side of each abdominal segment is a prominent faintly rugose tubercle upon which is located a spiracle (fig. 7), details as in figure hh, but it is smaller; the last segment has six conical, dorsal lobes each terminating in a thickened, elongated, conical process with a sharp point, the outer one of the lobes generally a little larger than the others; the postero-ventral part of last segment terminates in a broad bifid lobe wih each of the branches pointed at the end; seen irom the rear, the last segment has a deep depression, on the upper and lower edge of which is a pair of prominent tubercles, the upper pair being the larger; below this depression are two well-defined, oblique grooves, pointing downward and outward. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 70 Length, 16 mm.; diameter of thorax, 3.75 mm.; diameter of ab- domen, 3 mm. Specimen bearing two labels: “Johnson, Pa., April 27, 1900. Issued May 31, 1900,” and “9199. In soil.” EXPLANATION OF PLATES (Reproduced from drawings by the author) PLATE 1 Fic. 1—Xylomyia pallipes Loew, larva: (a) anterior spiracle; (0) posterior spiracle. Pupa: (c) anterior thoracic spiracle; (d) abdominal spiracle. 2.—Rhachicerus nilidus Johnson, larva: (e) anterior spiracle; (f) pos- terior spiracle. 3.—Xylophagus lugens Loew, larva : (g) anterior spiracle; (Ih) posterior spiracle. 4.—Xylophagus abdominalis Loew, larva: (i) anterior spiracle; (j) pos- terior spiracle. 5.—Atherixa variegata Walker, larva: (i) ventral view of proleg. 6.—Vermileo comstockii Wheeler, larval head capsule. 7—COhrysopila, species, larva: (fph) frontal portion of head (left half shown); (1) head enlarged; (m) anterior spiracle; (md) mandible; (n) posterior spiracle; (pl) keel-shaped plate. ; PLATE 2 Fic. 8—Xylophagus abdominalis Loew, pupa: (06) anterior thoracic spiracle; (p) abdominal spiracle. 9.—Xylophagus lugens Loew, pupa: (q) anterior thoracic spiracle; (7) abdominal spiracle. 10.—Rhachicerus nitidus Johnson, pupa: (s) anterior thoracic Sspiracle; (t) abdominal spiracle. 11.—Vermileo comstockii Wheeler, pupa: (2) anterior thoracic spiracle; (v) abdominal spiracle. 12.—_Coenomyia ferruginea Scopoli, pupa: (w) anterior thoracic spiracle; (7) abdominal spiracle. PLATE 3 Fie. 13.—Leptis mystacea Macquart, pupa: (y) ventral view of head; (2) an terior thoracic spiracle; (aa) abdominal spiracle. 14.—Chrysopila quadrata Say, (bb) anterior thoracic spiracle; (cc) ab- dominal spiracle. 15.—Chrysopila fasciata Say, (dd) anterior thoracic spiracle; (ee) ab- dominal spiracle. 16.—Chrysopila foeda Loew, (ff) anterior thoracic spiracle; (gg) ab- dominal spiracle. 17.—Chrysopila ornata Say, (hh) anterior thoracic spiracle; (ii) abdomi- nal spiracle. O U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 79, ART. 2, PL. | 6) X ylophagus lugens Loew 7 5 Atherix variegata Walker y / fT dorsal view_ Se head capsule Vea : © i} \ ! S \ H rc Sc } Ney lateral view Chrysopila sp ornata or thoracica) 7 Vermileo comstocki Wheeler 6 LARVAE AND PUPAE OF THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 20 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 70, ART. 2, PL. 2 Wy Wey TTS TEARS i MUS 9 Xylophagus /ugens Loew 7 - peri treme “We 7 spiracular entrance Pryvyyyyy Ven yYYYY 10 Rhachicerus nitidus aS lohnson 11 \Vermileo comstocki Wheeler PUPAE OF THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 20 U.S NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 70, ART. 2, PL. 3 13 Leptis mystac ed Macq vert eS) tee SS p= {5 Chrysopila fasciata Say COTTE TEENS COUT PUPAE OF THE FAMILY LEPTIDAE FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 20 A FOSSIL PALM FRUIT FROM THE MIDDLE EOCENE OF NORTHWESTERN PERU By Epwarp W. Berry Of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Calcified nuts of a palm are not uncommon at Negritos in north- western Peru in the lower part of the Lobitos formation as delimited by Bosworth.t The horizon, according to the collector, Dr. A. A. Olsson, is middle Eocene and about the same as the upper Claiborne of southeastern North America, that is to say, Auversian according to the European scale. These nuts are somewhat larger than walnuts, mostly decorticated, and their interiors show no structural details. They appear to me to be referable to the genus Astrocaryum, and are named in recognition of the collector, who has done such exceilent work in northwestern Peru. The types are deposited in the United States National Mu- seum. ASTROCARYUM OLSSONI, new species Fruits as preserved varying in form from subspheroidal to prolate, more or less pointed distad and flattened proximad so that they are ovate in profile. They are usually widest at or below the middle, and full and rounded, or even truncate at the base. The upper half is always more or less narrowed and may be somewhat produced and pointed. Their dimensions range from 3.75 to 5.25 cm. in length, and from 2.5 to 3.75 in maximum diameter. Despite the considerable variation in form and size they are believed to represent but a single species, since all of a dozen specimens are identical in surface markings. The outer fibrous coat, which is preserved in patches on most of the speciments, is nowhere over 2 mm. in thickness, although in no case 1s it certain that its original thickness has been calcified and preserved. It consists of stout longitudinal fibers. These can be seen over part of figure 2. The inner layer, which comprises the greater 1 Bosworth, T. O., Geology of the Tertiary and Quaternary Periods in the Northwest Part of Peru. London, 1922. No. 2652—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 70, ArT. 3. 3102—26 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 70 part of the surface in most of the speciments, is seen, in broken speci- mens, to be calcified for a thickness of between 2 and 3 mm.,and to be ‘rather prominently and transversely reticulate rugose. The interior is filled with a structureless calcareous matrix and suggests that the nuts were single seeded. The equatorial outline of these fruits is approximately circular, and they appear to have been practically symmetrical around the polar axis, although some speciments appear to indicate a slight dis- tal curvature. The proximal end is usually broken or incrusted with matrix, but in one specimen (fig. 4) is seen to be perforated by a large excentrically located hole. None of the specimens are suffi- cient to show the presence or absence of the two other perforations so frequent in this tribe. Cotypes.—Cat. No. 37194, U.S.N.M. The relatively enormous thickness of the Tertiary in northwestern Peru west of the present Andes has led Bosworth? to predicate not only the existence of the mountains in Eocene times as the source of the large amount of relatively coarse material that make up so much of these sediments, but also his belief that the climate at that time approached that of the present in this region in its aridity, a neces- sary correlary. These abundant palm nuts offer some, though it must be con- fessed rather inconclusive evidence on this point. It is recognized that they might have been carried for considerable distances by either rivers or ocean currents. Astrocarywm fruits are not uncom- mon in the present sea drift on the Pacific coasts of Panama and Colombia, and if the currents were running in the right direction in the Eocene, as they do at the present time, these nuts could have been transported for considerable distances along the middle Ko- cene coast, and need not have grown in the immediate vicinity of where they are now found. Possibly bearing upon this point are the results of certain unpub- lished studies by Dr. W. P. Woodring, which seem to indicate that the Tertiary Caribbean fauna did not cross the Isthmus of Panama ‘or Central America to any appreciable extent when seaways were developed between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans because of the Pacific equatorial countercurrent and the greater tides of the Pacific in this region; and that the more tropical elements in the so-called Caribbean Tertiary faunas were of Pacific origin and indigenous on the west coast of tropical America. The warm shore current that at the present time is an offset from the Pacific equatorial countercurrent, and which skirts the Colombian and Ecuadorian coasts, is known locally as El Nino. Its * Bosworth, T. O., Geology of the Tertiary and Quaternary Periods in the Northwest Fart of Peru. London, 1922 vam. ART. 3 A FOSSIL PALM FRUIT FROM PERU—BERRY 3 more or less periodic increase in strength from unknown causes, as in February, 1925 when it brought floods to the semidesert coastal region of northwestern Peru, could doubtless carry such palm fruits as the present fossils southward, at least as far as Negritos, Peru, the locality where the fossils were collected. My son, E. Willard Berry, reports Entada and other drift fruits from the wet tropics to the north, as having reached Negritos this February (1926) during a somewhat less severe repetition of the climatic upset of 1925. Another alternative that may be mentioned is that the palms which furnished these fossil fruits grew inland and east of an Eocene mountain axis which was high enough to bring about conditions like those of the present time in this region, and that these fruits were transported to their final resting place by rivers which crossed this divide, which is negatived by the abundance of these fossil fruits. Granting the altogether unlikely presence of such a river, it would hardly be expected to deposit numerous individuals of a single species at one spot, unless perhaps their floating powers and the action of the waves or some combination of eddies or currents in the estuary or at the place of debouchure of such a river might be regarded as a selective agency. It seems to me that such a combina- tion of events is so remote as to rule out this supposition altogether. The third alternative is that these fossil fruits were from trees growing in the vicinity where they were fossilized. Personally I can not see the evidence for a great mountain axis in Eocene times making a semidesert of coastal Peru, and I believe, that, irrespec- tive of the exact character of the Atlantic-Pacific divide in the earlier Tertiary, it was not sufficiently elevated to prevent the Pacific coast from receiving a greater rainfall than it receives at the present time, as is proven to have been the case during the lower Miocene.* If the present species of Astrocaryum could be proven to have grown in the neighborhood of where its fruits were found fossil it would prove the humidity of the middle Eocene climate of coastal Peru. As it is the only described terrestrial plant known from this horizon in this region, it can not be considered to have any decisive weight. I am inclined to interpret its ecological message as indi- eating such a humid environment. This inclination is not due to my belief in the late Tertiary elevation of the Andes, but rests on the presence of a considerable flora in the Oligocene of that region. This Oligocene flora is made up of the silicified fruits and seeds of nearly a score of species, many of which could not withstand water transportation and hence must have grown near where they occur as fossils. These Oligocene plants indicate a climate with a rainfall 3? Berry, Edward W., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, pp. 279-294, 1919. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 70 and consequently a vegetation normal to the latitude, and not such as has existed since the Andes were elevated. This Oligocene flora has not yet been described in print because of the great difficulty in making precise identifications of some of its members. It seems scarcely possible that there should have been high moun- tains and a desert in their rain shadow during the middle Eocene when the border lands of Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama were submerged by the first transgression of the Tertiary sea, at a time when seaways were formed between the two oceans, and the sedi- ments of which contain a common fauna. This is especially diffi- cult to envisage because in the continuous series of deposits in north- western Peru we find the Eocene passing into the Oligocene without any apparent structural break or faunal hiatus, and the indicated climate of the latter is moist and precludes high mountains. I am indebted to O. F. Cook, our well known authority on living palms, for having examined these fossil fruits, and he is inclined to think that both the genera Attalea and Astrocaryum are represented. This may well be the case, but I can not see any generic differences among the 12 specimens which I have studied, and which I have accordingly referred to the second of these genera, to which the re- lationship seems the more conclusive. Both genera include stemless to tall feather palms, with numerous species confined to America. ] ping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November; Litiping Mountains, Mekong-Yanetze Divide, November. om to) b) 147. PRUNELLA IMMACULATA (Hodgson) Accentor immaculatus Hopason, Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1845, p. 84 (Nepal). Two males and two females, Likiang Mountains, 9,500-10,000 feet, April 19-23; one male, forest of Youngning-Mili, February. Family ENICURIDAE. Fork-tails 148. ENICURUS LESCHENAULTI SINENSIS Gould Enicurus sinensis Goutp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 665 (Shanghai). One male and two females, Likiang Mountains, April, June, and August; one male and one female, between Lanping and Lachiming, June 11; one male, Ashi, banks of Yangtze, July; one immature male, Likiang, 8,200 feet, August 23; male and female, Mili, Szech- wan, February. 149. MICROCICHLA SCOULERI SCOULERI (Vigors) Enicurus scouleri Viegors, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1830, p. 174 (Himalaya). One male, Yantza Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 70 Family SYLVIIDAE. Warblers 150. DUMETICOLA THORACICA THORACICA Blyth Dumeticola thoracica BuytH, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, 1846, p. 584 (Nepal). A fair series, Likiang Mountains, 12,000 feet, June-August. Four immature birds taken in August and September are darker above than the adult and have the lower parts marguerite yellow, the flanks hght brownish olive, the foreneck and chest spotted with buffy-olive, the under tail coverts olive with yellowish margins. 151. TRIBURA TACZANOWSKIA (Swinhoe) Locustella taczanowskia SwinHoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 355 (Trans-Baikal). One male, Likiang Mountains, 12,000 feet, May 1z. This specimen has a few almost obsolete dusky spots on the chest. Stuart Baker ** in his description does not mention these. The speci- men is very much like 7’. major, except for its much smaller bill. It is more of a brownish olive on the back and the spots on the chest are fewer in number, lighter, and almost obsolescent. I have no speci- mens of 7’. taczanowskia for comparison. 152. FRANKLINIA GRACILIS (Franklin) Prinia gracilis FRANKLIN, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1831, p. 119 (Vindhyani Hills). One male, Yangtze Gorge, 4,800 feet, May 17. 153. ACANTHOPNEUSTE MAGNIROSTRIS (Blyth) Phylloscopus magnirostris BLyTH, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 12, 18438, p. 966 (Calcutta). Three males and three females, Likiang Mountains, 12,000 feet, May, June, and August; one male, Bayiwua, 10,000 feet, June; one female, Likiang Plain, 8,200 feet, August. One of the females taken in August is brighter, more yellowish green above, more tinged with yellow below, the superciliary and wing band deeper and more pronounced. The bill is slightly smaller. I take it to be a bird of the year in fresh autumnal plumage. 154. ACANTHOPNEUSTE REGULOIDES CLAUDIAE La Touche Acanthopneuste trochiloides claudiae LA ToucHr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 43, 1922, p. 22 (Mengtz, Yunnan). Three males, five females, and three unsexed, Likiane Mountains, 9,600-12,000 feet, April-August ; one male, without locality, March 25. I am not satisfied that the above series has been correctly deter- mined. They are very close to a rather poor specimen from Nepal; 8 Fauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 2, 1924, p. 404. art.5 BIRDS FROM YUNNAN AND SZECHWAN, CHINA—RILEY 43 in fact, I can not detect any appreciable difference between them. A male from Shensi and another from Hupeh are not so strongly tinged with yellow below, the occipital dark mark is darker; they evidently represent a different form that for the present I do not wish to add to the confusion by naming. Stresemann *® has written a review and without more material it would be wise to accept his conclusions. 155. REGULOIDES HUMII PRAEMIUM Mathews and Iredale Reguloides humii praemium MATHEWS and IREDALE, Aus. Av. Record, vol. 3, 1915, p. 45 (Russia). One male, Likiang, 8,200 feet, May 15. This specimen is in a bad state of preservation. The wing bars are almost worn off; only the bar on the greater wing coverts shows faintly. Above it is more greenish and below more tinged with yellowish than the majority of specimens from east China. It is quite possible that it does not belong to this form at all, but I do not know where else to place it. 156. REGULOIDES PROREGULUS FORRESTI (Rothschild) Phylloscopus proregulus forresti RoruscuHiLtp, Nov. Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 45 (Lichiang Range, Yunnan). One unsexed, Neuluko, April 13; two females, Likiang Moun- tains, 11,000 feet, April and June. 157. REGULOIDES PULCHER PULCHER (Blyth) Phylloscopus pulcher BryruH, Journ. Asiatic Soc, Bengal, vol. 14, 1845, p. 592 (Nepal). One male and one female, Likiang Mountains, 12,000 feet, April and July; one male, Tseh Chung Mountains, Mekong Valley, October; one male, mountains near Yangtza, Mekong Valley, No- vember; two males and one female, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. 158. OREOPNEUSTE ARMANDI (Miine-Edwards) Abrornis armandi Mitne-Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, vol. 1, Bull. 1865, p. 22, pl. 2, fig. 1 (N. China). One unsexed, Heshwe, 10,000 feet, May 2: one female, Bayiwua, east of Likiang Mountains, June; two males and four females, Likiang Mountains, 11,000-12,000 feet, May, June, and September. This species I failed to recognize from the poor descriptions consulted and sent three of the above specimens to Outram Bangs, who kindly identified them. The English ornithologists compare it in their descriptions with Oreopneuste fuscata, a species which it ® Orn, Monatsb., vol. 32, 1924, pp. 8-9. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vor. 70 is extremely doubtful belongs in the same genus. The latter has a proportionally shorter tail in relation to the wing. Oveopneuste davidii Swinhoe (=Abrornis armandi Milne-Edwards) is the type of Oreopneuste Swinhoe by monotypy. Phaeorhadina has been pro- posed by the Mathews and Iredale* for Phyllopneuste fuscata Blyth, but whether the other species (except a@rmandi) placed in Oreopneuste by Sharpe* really belong with fuscata I am not pre- pared to say; they are very similar in structure so far as I have examined them, however, except Phylloscopus neglectus Hume, which belongs in Acanthopneuste. Horornis Hodgson as usually constituted is also in need of revision, it seems to me. The present species bears a striking resemblance in coloration to Horornis acan- thizoides, it is a larger bird, however. Horornis has only 10 tail feathers, while Oreopneuste has 12; otherwise they are structurally much alike, but owing to this difference had better be kept separate. As descriptions in English of this species are poor, a few notes on the plumages may be of help to other investigators. The May and June taken birds are light-brownish olive on the upper parts, a little deeper on the top of the head; superciliary stripe extending to nape, marguerite yellow; loral and postocular streaks darker than top of head; cheeks and sides of neck, deep olive-buff with a cinnamon wash; throat and foreneck grayish white with sparse light yellow streaks; chest, breast, and belly barium yellow, with sparse grayish white and buffy olive streaks; under tail coverts, naples yellow. The fall-taken birds are buffy olive above or deeper; the super- ciliary is deeper yellow; the throat and foreneck with an increase of yellowish streakings; the chest, breast, and belly a deeper yellow, with a few whitish streaks; under tail coverts honey yellow; the flanks suffused with ecru-drab. The June birds in worn plumage taken in the Likiang Mountains would seem to indicate it was a summer resident there. It was origi- nally described from north China. It may be the Yunnan birds are not the same, which might account for the discrepancies in the descriptions. I have been unable to compare them. 159. PHAEORHADINA FUSCATA FUSCATA (Blyth) Phyllopneuste fuscata BiytH, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 11, 1842, p. 118 (Calcutta). One unsexed, Heshwe, 9,600 feet, April 30; one female, Likiang Mountains, 11,000 feet, September; one female, Whei Hsi Moun- tains, October-November. The unsexed specimen from Heshwe is considerably larger, darker above, and lighter below than the two females. It may be a male. 40 Aus. av. Record, vol. 3, 1917, p. 116. 41 Hand-List, vol. 4, 1903, p. 214. art,5 BIRDS FROM YUNNAN AND SZECHWAN, CHINA—RILEY 45 160. PHAEORHADINA SUBAFFINIS (Grant) Oreopneuste subafinis Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 10, 1900, p. 37 (Pu-an-ting, S. W. Kweichu). One male, between Tsao Chiang, March 17; one male, two females, and one unsexed, Likiang Mountains, 10,000-11,000 feet, April 8- _ June. This closely resembles P. affints, but the chest is strongly tinged with ochraceous and it is a trifle smaller. If the two birds did not apparently breed together they would only be considered forms of one species. It is quite possible they may occupy different levels in the breeding seasons. 161. PHAEORHADINA AFFINIS (Tickell) Motacilla affinis T1icKELL, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 2, 1833, p. 576 (Jungles of Borabhum and Dholbum). Three females and one unsexed, Likiang Mountains, 8,200-12,000 feet, April 20-May 15; one female, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. The lower parts vary from a lemon to a picric yellow. 162. HOREITES BRUNNIFRONS UMBRATICUS Baker Horeites brunnifrons wnbraticus BAKER, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 44, 1924, p. 68 (Sheweli-Salwin Divide, Yunnan). One male and two females, Likiang Mountains, 10-12,000 feet June, August, and September. 163. SEICERCUS * BURKIIT TEPHROCEPHALUS (Anderson) Culicipeta tephrocephalus ANDERSON, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1871, p. 2138 (Bhamo, Burma). One adult unsexed, between Likiang and Tuinakou, 10,000 feet, May 16; five males and two females, Likiang Mountains, 10,000- ~ 11,000 feet, May-August. An immature female taken in July and an immature male taken in August of about the same size as the adult lack the gray median stripe of the head, it being olive like the back; the backs are more of a citrine; the lower parts are lighter; and the bill is tipped with yellow. In this plumage they resemble S. 6. burkii but are not such a deep yellow below. The August specimen is molting into the bright yel- low breast of the adult. “Wor the use of Seicercus in place of Cryptolopha, see Baker, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, eds) 2; vol. 2, 1924, p. 485: 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 164. SUYA CRINIGERA YUNNANENSIS Harington Suya crinigera yunnanensis HARRINGTON, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 31, 1913, p. 110 (Yunnan). One male, Yangtze gorge, 4,600 feet, May 17; one male and one female, Likiang Mountains, 8,500 feet, July and August; one adult without definite locality. The series of this species at my command is much to small to reach any definite conclusions regarding the numerous races into which it has been divided. Birds from Fukien and Hunan (Suya crinigera parumstriata David) are browner and less streaked above and less tinged with buffy below when compared with the Yunnan series. 165. SUYA SUPERCILIARIS SUPERCILIARIS Anderson Suya superciliaris ANDERSON, Zool. Res. Two Exp. Western Yunnan, 1878, p. 642, pl. 51, fig. 1 (Momien). One male, Tsao Chiang, March 18. Two males from the Langbian Peaks, south Annam, are consider- ably darker above. Family REGULIDAE. Kinglets 166. REGULUS REGULUS YUNNANENSIS Rippon Regulus yunnanensis Riprpon, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 19, 1906, p. 19 (Yangtze R., W. Yunnan). One male, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November; one male, Tseh Chung Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. 167. SYLVIPARUS MODESTUS SATURATIOR Rippon Sylwiparus saturatior Rippon, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 16, 1906, p. 87 (Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills). One male, between Lanping and Kanhoten, March 27; one female, without definite locality, March 25; one unsexed, Likiang Mountains, 11,000 feet, April 15; one male and one female, mountains near Yangtza, Mekong Valley, November; one male, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. Family PRIONOPIDAE. Wood Shrikes 168. HEMIPUS PICATUS CAPITALIS (McCleliand) Muscicapa ? capitalis MCCLELLAND, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1839, p. 157 (Assam). One male, Kantingai (four days north of Tenyueh), 2,600 feet, March 18. ART. 5 BIRDS FROM YUNNAN AND SZECHWAN, CHINA—RILEY 47 Family LANIIDAE. Shrikes 169. LANIUS TEPHRONOTUS (Vigors) Collurio tephronotus Vicors, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1831, p. 43 (Himalaya). A good series from: Tsao Chiang, March 18; Likiang Plain, 9,400 feet, May 4; Likiang, 8,200 feet, May 15; between Likiang and Ganhaitze, 10,000 feet, May 19; Likiang Mountains, 9,500-11,000 feet, April 23-September; Limestone Range, east of the Likiang Mountains, 10,000 feet, July 2; Whei Hsi Mountains, Mekong Val- ley, November; Tseh Chung Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. Specimens in worn plumage have the gray of the back darker and the red of the rump lighter than birds in unworn plumage. One specimen (297168) has a white line bordering the black mark from just forward of the eye to near the end of the ear coverts, and there is a slight indication of it in one or two other specimens. 170. LANIUS NIGRICEPS NIGRICEPS (Franklin) Collurio nigriceps FRANKLIN, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1831, p. 117 (Ganges and Nerbudda). One female, between Pakang and Wamangai, March 16; one female, Tsao Chiang, March 18. 171. LANIUS CRISTATUS CRISTATUS Linnaeus Lanius cristatus LINNAEUS, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 93 (Bengal). Two immature males, Likiang Mountains, 8,500 feet, August and September. Family PARADOXORNITHIDAE. Parrot-bills 172. PARADOXORNiIS GUTTATICOLLIS David Paradozornis guttaticollis Davip, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, vol. 7, Bull. 1871, p. 14 (Szechwan and Mupin). One female, without locality. The black of the ear coverts is more extensive and the spotting on the chest more pronounced than in a female from Fukien, the only specimen with which I have been able to compare it. 173. SUTHORA UNICOLOR SATURATIOR (Rothschild) Paradoxornis unicolor saturatior RoTHSCHILD, Noy. Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 54 (Sheweli-Salwin Divide, Yunnan). Two adults, between Dyinaloko and Bayiwua, May 1; three males and two females, east slopes Likiang Mountains, July; one male, west slopes of Likiang Mountains, July. 4S PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 174. SUTHORA WEBBIANA RICKETTI (Rothschild) Paradoxornis webbiana ricketti RotHscuHiILD, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 48, 1922, p. 11 (Yangtze Valley, Yunnan). One male, between Yulo and Likiang, west slopes of the mountains, 9,000 feet, May 24. This is so very different from Suthora webbiana that I have grave doubts if it should be made a race of this species, but not having specimens of Suthora styani Rippon I prefer to leave it in abeyance for the present. 175. SUTHORA FULVIFRONS CYANOPHRYS David Suthora cyanophrys Davip, Journ. trois Voy. Emp. Chin., vol. 1, 1875, p. 345 (Chensi meridion). Two females and one unsexed, Likiang Mountains, 10,000-12,000 feet, April and June. Family PARIDAE. Chickadees 176. PENTHESTES PALUSTRIS DEJEANI Oustalet Parus dejeani OUSTALET, Bull. Mus. Paris, vol. 3, 1897, p. 209 (Ta-tsien-lu). One male Peshwe-ho, Likiang Mountains, 11,000 feet, April 25. The United States National Museum has recently received a male specimen from Shanghai taken February 26, without a bill, that does not differ from the Yunnan bird essentially; it is probably only a winter straggler. 177. BAEOLOPHUS DICHROUS WELLSI (Baker) Parus dichrous wellsi Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 38, 1917, p. 8 (Yangtze big bend, W. Yunnan). A fair series of adults from: Likiang Mountains, 10,000-12,000 feet, April—July; Mount Dyinaloko, 12,000 feet, April 29; Tseh Chung Mountains, Mekong Valley, November; mountains near Yangtza, Mekong Valley, November; mountains of Hofuping-Yangtza, No- vember. This race is a darker, clearer gray above and lighter below than the only specimen of &. d. dichrous, with which it has been compared. 178. PERIPARUS ATER AEMODIUS (Hodgson) Parus aemodius Hopvason, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 138, 1844, p. 943 (Nepal). One adult male, Likiang Mountains, 14,000-15,000 feet, April 16. 179. PERIPARUS RUFONUCHALIS BEAVANI (Jerdon) Lophophanes beavani JeRpoN (Blyth Ms.) Birds India, vol. 2, 18638, p. 275 (Mt. Tongloo, Sikkim). Two males and one unsexed, Likiang Mountains, 10,000-12,000 feet, April; one male, Tseh Chung Mountains, November; one female, forests of Youngning, February. art. 5 BIRDS FROM YUNNAN AND SZECHWAN, CHINA—RILEY 49 180. PARUS MAJOR TIBETANUS Hartert Parus major tibetanus Hartert, Vogel paliiark. Fanua, vol. 1, Heft 3, 1905, p. 346 (Chaksam, Tsongpo Valley, Tibet). A small series of adults and young between Pakang and Waman- gai, March 16; Nguluko, 10,000 feet, April 6 and 7; Likiang Moun- tains, 8,500-10,000 feet, April and June; between Dyinaloko and Bayiwua, 11,000 feet, May 2; Yangtza Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. Larger, with less yellow on the mantle; outer tail feather more extensively white than in forms to the north and east of it. So many forms have been named from China within recent years that it is difficult to decide which are valid without a more intensive study than I am able to devote to it. 181. PARUS MONTICOLUS YUNNANENSIS La Touche Parus monticolus yunnanensis LA ToucHE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 42, 1922, p. 51 (Milati, Yunnan). Seven adults, Likiang Mountains, 10,000-11,000 feet, April—Sep- tember. This series when compared with a small series from Kashmir has the white markings on the wings less marked, the lower back and rump a deeper, clearer gray, and it appears to be slightly larger in size. 182. AEGITHALISCUS CONCINNUS TALIFUENSIS Rippon Aegithaliscus talifwensis Rippon, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 14, 1903, p. 18 (Gyi-dzin-shan, east of Talifu, Yunnan). One adult, Yiinlung, March 22; one adult, Lashipa, June 6; one adult female, Likiang Plain, 8,200 feet, August 21. This does not seem to be a well-marked race, but Rothschild ** and La Touche ** with more ample material recognize it. The pectoral band is darker and narrower than in birds from central and eastern China. A series from Suifu, Szechwan, seems to agree with the eastern race. 183. AEGITHALISCUS BONVALOTI (Oustalet) Acredula bonvaloti OusTALET, Ann, Sci. Nat., Zool., ser. 7, vol. 12, 1891, p. 286, pl. 9, fig. 1 (Ta-tsien-lu and Pendjama, Szechwan). Nine adults and one immature from Likiang Mountains, 9,600- 12,000 feet, April-June; between Likiang and Tuinakou, 10,000 feet, May 16; and Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. “Nov. Zool., vol. 30, 1923, p. 51. Slips alten ty abl 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 70 The single specimen from the last locality is a female and much darker on the chest, ear coverts, and nuchal region than any others in the series and may represent another race. The specimen I have listed above as the immature is quite distinct from the adult. It is cream-buff below; the chest crossed by a band of black spots; the throat with two narrow black lines from the chin; the nuchal and auricular region much lighter than in the adult; and the feet (in the skin) honey yellow instead of blackish brown. It is quite a different looking bird from the adult, but if not the young of this species, I do not know where to place it. 184. AEGITHALOS CAUDATUS YVINACEUS (Verreaux) Mecistura vinacea VERREAUX, Nouy. Arch. Mus. Paris, vol. 6, Bull., 1870, p. 89 (Ourato). One male and one female, Lashipa Plain, 8,500 feet, May 28. This seems to be considerably south of the published range of this form. Family SITTIDAE. Nuthatches 185. SITTA SINENSIS NEBULOSA La Touche Sitta europaea nebulosa La ToucHEr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 42, 1922, p. 55 (new name for Sitia europaea obscura La Touche, preoccupied ; Milati, Yunnan). A good series of adults: Likiang Mountains, 8,200-15,000 feet, April-September; near Tsilikiang, Yangtze Valley, 5,000-6,000 feet, May 17; between Ganhaitze and Yangtze Gorge, 9,000 feet, May 20; mountains near Yangtza, Mekong Valley, November; Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. This series exhibits two phases of plumage. A dark phase, some- what resembling Sitta s. sinensis below but not near so dark, and a hieht phase somewhat resembling Sitta nagaensis below but some- what darker. The light phase were all taken April and May; the dark phase in late summer and fall (one in May), so fading is prob- ably the cause. The dark phase resembles Sitta s. sinensis but is much lighter below, but a darker, clearer gray on the back and the bill (in the skin) bluish at the base instead of yellowish. 186. SITTA YUNNANENSIS Grant Sitta yunnanensis GRANT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 10, 1900, p. 387 (Wei- yuan, 8S. Yunnan). A fair series of adults and immature: Kanhoten, Nanchu Plain, March 29, and various stations in the Likiang Mountains, 10,000— 11,000 feet, early April to July. In pine forests. art. 5 BIRDS FROM YUNNAN AND SZECHWAN, CHINA—RILEY Ol] Besides the differential characters given by the original describer, all the adults have a narrow whitish superciliary line more or less distinct and the white on the outer tail feathers reduced to almost the vanishing point. One immature female, taken May 24, and about size of the adult or only a trifle smaller, has the black line on the side of the neck reduced to only an indication of neutral gray on the ear coverts, and the superciliary is barely indicated by a little lighter gray than the pileum; the bill is considerably shorter than in the adult. This is a very distinct species, apparently not closely related to any other Chinese form. 187. SITTA MAGNA Ramsay Sitta magna Ramsay, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1876, p. 677 (Karennee). One adult, between Dyinaloko and Bayiwua, 11,000 feet, May 2; one adult, near Bayiwua, 10,000 feet, May 2; and one adult male, Likiang forests, 8,200 feet, August. Family CERTHIIDAE. Creepers 188. CERTHIA FAMILIARIS KHAMENSIS Bianchi Certhia khamensis BIANCHI, Sharpe’s Handl. Birds, vol. 4, 1903, pp. 355, 360 (Kansu; Szechwan; S. HE. Tibet). Two males, Likiang Mountains, 12,000 feet, April 9; two males, mountains near Yangtza, Mekong Valley, November; one male, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. 189. TICHODROMA MURARIA (Linnaeus) Certhia muraria LINNAEUS, Sys. Nat., ed. 12, 1766, p. 184 (South Europe). One male, Kangpu Mountains, Mekong Valley, October; one male, mountains near Yangtza, Mekong Valley, November; one female, Youngning Plain, 9,600 feet, February. While the United States National Museum contains quite a series of this species from Asia, it only possesses a pair from Kurope. These two are lighter and have longer bills than any in the Asiatic series, and it may eventually be necessary to recognize an eastern and western race. Family ZOSTEROPIDAE. Silver-eyes 199. ZOSTEROPS PALPEBROSA SIMPLEX Swinhee Zosterops simplex SwWINHOR, Ibis, 1861, p. 331 (Amoy). Three males and two females, Likiang Mountains, 8,500—9,000 feet, May and August; one male, Likiang Plain, 8,200 feet, August. This series agrees with birds from Fukien. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 70 191. ZOSTEROPS PALPEBROSA PALPEBROSA (Temminck) Sylvia palpebrosa TEMMINCK, Pl. Col., pl. 293, fig. 3, 1924 (Bengal). One female, between Kantingai and Muanglei, Salween Valley, March 15; one male and two females, between Yiinlung and Tanten, March 238; one male, without locality or date. The birds in this series are smailer and much darker, both above and below, than the series identified above as simplex, and represent evidently a well-marked form, but what name to use for it is rather difficult to determine. Zosterops mussoti Oustalet,? Rothschild *° says is only asynonym of simplex, Zosterops setschuana Reichenow ** is evidently only a renaming of Zosterops mussoti, having the same type locality. Even if mussoti should prove separable, the present form can not well be it, for the series I have identified as simplea would come in between. Most likely it belongs to one of the Burma forms, as it comes from near the western border of Yunnan, and the series agrees better with Indian specimens than with those from further east in China, but my series of Indian birds is unsatisfac- tory. Most of the Indian specimens are brighter, but there are one or two that match west Yunnan birds very well; they are without definite localities, however. Family DICAEIDAE. Flower-peckers 192. DICAEUM IGNIPECTUS IGNIPECTUS (Blyth) Myzanthe ignipectus BiytH, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 12, 1848, p. 983 (Nepal and Bhutan). One male and one female, between Tuinakou and Likiang, 8,300— 9,000 feet, May 18; one male, between Yulo and Neguluko, west slopes of Likiang Mountains, May 24. 193. PACHYGLOSSA MELANOZANTEA Blyth Pachyglossa melanozantha BLyTH, Journ. Asiatic Soe. Bengal, vol. 12, 1848, p. 1010 (Nepal). A fine series of adults from various stations in the Likiang Moun- tains, 13,000 feet, May—July. Family NECTARINIIDAE. Sun Birds 194. AETHOPYGA DABRYII DABRYII (Verreaux) Nectarinia dabryii VERREAUX, Rey. et Mag. Zool., 1867, p. 173, pl. 15 (Szechwan). A good series of adult males and females between Failungchiao and Yiinlung, March 21; Likiang Mountains (various stations), 9,000-12,000 feet, April—July. 4 Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), ser. 7, vol. 12, 1891, p. 289. 46 Noy. Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 57. 47 Journ. f. Orn., 1915, p. 125. arr, 5 BIRDS FROM YUNNAN AND SZECHWAN, CHINA—RILEY 53 Two males from Hupeh are a duller less brilliant red on the backs and chest, the rump and belly a lghter yellow, the middle tail feathers more of a violet purple than any in the Yunnan series; the Hupeh birds also have smaller bills and shorter tails. I have named the Hupeh race Aethopyga dabryii bangsi.*® 195. AETHOPYGA NIPALENSIS (Hodgson) Cinnyris nipalensis Hopeson, Ind. Rey., vol. 2, 1837, p. 273 (Nepal). One male, Hsuehshanting, 9,000 feet, March 13. Family MOTACILLIDAE. Wagtails and Pipits 196. MOTACILLA ALBA HODGSONI Blyth Motacilla hodgsoni BuiyTH, Ibis, 1865, p. 49 (Nepal and Sikkim). A fair series of adults and immatures from: Tsaochiang, March 18; Yiinlung, March 22; Likiang Mountains, 9,400-10,000 feet, April 10- August; Likiang Plain, August; between Likiang and Ganhaitze, 10,000 feet, May 19; Chienchuan, 8,000 feet, June 5. A small series from Kashmir with which the above specimens have been compared have more white in the wing, especially to the outer margins of the flight feathers; specimens from western Szechwan agree with Yunnan birds. + 197. MOTACILLA ALBA LEUCOPSIS Gould Motacilla leucopsis GouLD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1887, p. 78 (India). One female, Likiang Plain, 8,200 feet, August; one female, Likiang Mountains, 9,000 feet, September. 198. MOTACILLA ALBA BAICALENSIS Swinhoe Motacilla baicalensis SWINHOE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 363 (Hastern Asia). One male, Likiang Mountains, 9,000 feet, September; one female, plain of Youngning, February. 199. MOTACILLA CINEREA CASPICA (S. G. Gmelin) Parus caspicus 8. G. GMELIN, Reise durch Russland, vol. 3, 1774, p. 104, pl. 20, fig. 2 (Enzeli, Caspian Sea). Four males and two females, Likiang Mountains, 8,500—9,800 feet, April 29, August, and September; one male, Tseh Chung Mountains, Mekong Valley, November; one female, without further data. 200. BUDYTES FLAVA SIMILLIMA (Hartert) Motacilla flava simillimna Hartert, V6gel paliark. Fauna, vol. 3, Heft 3, 1905, p. 289; Nov. Zool., vol. 26, 1919, p. 167 (Sula Id.). Two males and one female, Likiang Mountains, 8,500 feet, August. 4S'Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., vol. 38, 1925, p. 11. 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 70 201. ANTHUS HODGSONI YUNNANENSIS Uchida and Kureda Anthus maculatus yunnanensis UcHIDA and Kuropa, Annot. Zool. Jap., vol. 2, 1916, p. 134 (Mengtze, Yunnan). Four males and four females, Likiang Mountains, 11,000-13,000 feet, April 17-September; one female, near Lanping, May 30; one male, mountains near Yangtza, Mekong Valley, November; one female, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. The above series, when compared with birds from Kamchatka, eastern China, and Japan in the same stage of plumage, average more heavily streaked above, especially on the head; there appears to be no appreciable difference in size. While the United States National Museum contains a large series of this species, most of the specimens were taken on migration and are hardly comparable. Breeding birds are quite grayish on the back, the olive wash of fall birds almost or quite disappearing by fading. Even so, the fall Yunnan birds have more yellowish in the olive of the back and are more heavily streaked above. Two female specimens from Kansu, taken in May, have been prepared with plaster which makes the plumage appear lighter than it otherwise would; making allowances for this, they appear to agree with northern and eastern birds. . Anthus hodgsoni Richmond * is a substitute name for P2pastes maculatus Jerdon,°° preoccupied, and naturally has the same type locality (India). Jerdon’s type was a migrant bird; it may prove the same as the Yunnan race, in which case Anthus hodgsoni ber- zowskii Sarudny *' would be available for the northern form. 202. ANTHUS ROSEATUS Blyth Anthus roseatus BuiytH, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. 16, 1847, p. 437 (Nepal). One ‘male and one female, Likiang Mountains, April 22 (12,000 feet) and August. Family ALAUDIDAE. Larks 203. ALAUDA GULGULA COELIVOX Swinhoe Alauda coelivor SwinuHok, Zoologist, 1859, p. 6724 (Amoy). One male, one female, and one unsexed, Likiang Mountains, 9,500-— 10,000 feet, April 7-23; one unsexed, Likiang Plain, 9,000 feet, April 14. 49 Blackwelder, Research. in China, vol. 1, pt. 2, 1907, p. 493. 50 Birds, India, vol. 3, 1864, p. 873. §1 Orn. Monatsb., 1909, p. 41. ART, 5 BIRDS FROM YUNNAN AND SZECHWAN, CHINA—RILEY 55 Family FRINGILLIDAE. Sparrows 204. EOPHONA MIGRATORIA MIGRATORIA Hartert Eophona melanura migratoria Harrert, Vogel paliiark. Fauna, vol. J, Heft 1, 1903, p. 59 (Sidimi). An immature male (acquiring the first winter plumage, marked female), Likiang Mountains, 9,500 feet, September. 205. MYCEROBAS MELANOXANTHUS (Hodgson) Coccothraustes melanoxanthus Hopason, Asiat. Res., vol. 9, 1836, p. 150 (Himalayas). One adult male, four immature males, and one female, Likiang Mountains, 11,000-14,000 feet, July; one female, Lameko Mountain, north of Lashipa, July. The only specimens available for comparison are an adult male from India without definite locality and a female from Darjiling. The adult male is old and somewhat faded. It has a larger bill, a larger white wing speculum, the white markings on the secondaries and secondary coverts more extensive, the back a browner black, and the breast a lighter yellow than the Yunnan male, the last two characters probably due to the age of the specimen. The Indian female has also a larger bill, is browner on the back, and lighter below than the Yunnan female; the white markings on the wing are no greater, however. It is probable the Chinese bird represents a distinct form, but more material is needed before deciding this point. 206. MYCEROBAS CARNIPES (Hodgson) Coccothraustes carnipes Hopason, Asiat. Res., vol. 9, 1836, p. 151 (Nepal). One male, Likiang Mountains, July; one male and two females, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November; two males and one female, forests of Mili, 12,000 feet, southwest Szechwan, February. 207. PERISSOSPIZA ICTEROIDES AFFINIS (Blyth) Hesperiphona affinis BrytrH, Journ. Asiatic Soe. Bengal, vol. 24, 1855, p. 179 (Sikkim). Two adult males and two adult females, Likiang Mountains, 12,500-13,000 feet, May-July. 208. PROCARDUELIS RUBESCENS SATURATIOR Rothschild Procarduelis rubescens saturatior RorTHscHILp, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 43, 1922, p. 12 (Sheweli-Salwin Divide). One adult male and five adult females, Likiang Mountains, 11,000- 12,000 feet, June. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 70 209. PROCARDUELIS NIPALENSIS INTENSICOLOR Baker Procarduelis nipalensis intensicolor BaxER, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 45, 1925, p. 92 (Mekong-Salwin Divide, Yunnan). One male and four females, Likiang Mountains, 10,000 feet, June- September. 210. SPINUS AMBIGUUS (Oustalet) Chrysomitris ambigua OUSTALET, Bull. Mus. Paris, vol. 2, 1896, p. 186 (Yunnan). One female, Chin Chou and Feilung Chiao, Mekong Valley, March 20; seven adults (five males and two females), Likiang Mountains, 10,000-12,000 feet, May 12—June; one male, Yangtze Gorge near Yulo, 7,400 feet, May 20; one female, Lashipa Plain, 8,600 feet, May 27; one immature male, Limestone Range, east of the Likiang Moun- tains, 10,000 feet, July 2; one male, mountains near Yangtza, Mekong Valley, November; one male, without definite data. The male taken in November has the feathers of the lower parts broadly tipped with drab and the yellow subapical streak almost con- cealed. As the season advances these tips evidently wear off, leaving the lower-parts yellow streaked with warbler green. The feathers of the lower-parts also have a concealed subbassal spot of white. The males have the cap and sides of face dull black; in the females it is only olivaceous-black (1). The female is generally duller col- ored, otherwise the sexes are much alike. The immature male taken July 2, while full size, resembles the adult, except it is hght brownish olive above streaked with blackish; below it is a light chalcedony yellow streaked with blackish, the center of the breast and belly becoming more yellowish. It lacks the black cap. 211. MONTIFRINGILLA NEMORICOLA NEMORICOLA (Hodgson) Fringilauda nemoricola Hopeson, Asiat. Res., vol. 9, 1836, p. 158 (Nepal). Two males and two females, Likiang Mountains, 11,000-13,000 feet, April 9-18; three males and one female, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. The majority of the specimens have the top of the head tawny olive, unstreaked; in one it has faded to isabella color and is being replaced by dark-centered feathers and in another the dark-centered feathers are coming in without much fading in the old feathers. These two specimens were taken in April, but one specimen taken in November has the forehead unstreaked and the occiput streaked. The other two April specimens (male and female) have the crown streaked. According to Sharpe®*? the plain-crowned birds are immature. 52 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 12, 1888, p. 268. art,5 BIRDS FROM YUNNAN AND SZECHWAN, CHINA—RILEY 957 212. PASSER RUTILANS. INTENSIOR Rothschild Passer rutilans intensior RoruscuiLp, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 438, 1922, p. 11 (Mekong Valley Yunnan). Eight males and three females from Tengyueh, 5,300 feet, March 7; Yangtze Gorge, 4,600 feet, May 17; between Likiang and Tui nakou, 9,000 feet, May 18; Likiang Mountains, 10,000-12,000 feet, June and August; Tseh Chung Mountains, November. 213. HAEMATOSPIZA INDICA (Gmelin) Lozia indica, GMELIN, Sys. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 847 (India). One female, Likiang Mountains, 11,000 feet, June. 214. CARPODACUS ERYTHRINUS ROSEATUS (Hodgson) Pyrrhulinota roseata Hopason, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1845, p. 36 (Nepal). Two males, five females, and one immature male, Likiang Moun- tains, 10,000-13,000 feet, May and June; between Likiang and Tui- nakou, 10,000 feet, May 16. 215. CARPODACUS THURA FEMININUS Rippon Carpodacus femininus Rippon, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club., vol. 19, 1906, p. 31 (Yangtze River, W. Yunnan). A good series of both sexes, Likiang Mountains, 10,000—-15,000 feet, April-August; Bayiwua, east of Likiang Mountains, 11,000 feet, June; near Ndagu, 9,600 feet, Yantze Valley, April 28; Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November; Lapsshan-Yangtze water- shed (Lantiolé), February. This is not a very well-marked race. Three males from Kansu (the type locality of Carpodacus dubius Przewalski) are smaller than our Yunnan birds, but birds from western Szechwan are interme- diate. They probably will have to be assigned to the northern form, however. 216. CARPODACUS PULCHERRIMUS PULCHERRIMUS (Moore) Propasser pulcherrima Moore, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1855, p. 216 (Nepal). One male and three females, Likiang Mountains, 11,000 feet; April 16-17; one female, Lapsshan-Yangtze watershed (Lantiolo), February. A small series of males from the mountains of western Szechwan are darker above with a pinkish tinge to the plumage lacking in the _ single Yunnan male; the latter is also more pinkish, not so reddish below, but the Szechwan birds are breeding specimens. The Szech- wan series average smaller. The single male listed above looks very much like the plate of Propasser waltoni Sharpe in the Ibis (1906, pl. 16), and may belong to that race. Rothschild,®* however, with more ample material identifies his specimens as of this race. 58 Nov. Zool., vol. 30, 1923, p. 55. 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 217. CARPODACUS VINACEUS Verreaux Carpodacus vinaceus VERREAUX, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, vol. 6, Bull. 1870, p. 39 (Mountains of Chinese Tibet). Three females, Likiang Mountains, June and July. 218. CARPODACUS TRIFASCIATUS Verreaux Carpodacus trifasciatus VERREAUX, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, vol. 6, Bull. 1870, p. 39 (Mountains of Chinese Tibet). One fine adult male, Likiang Mountains, 14,000-15,000 feet, April 16. 219. CARPODACUS RIPPONI (Sharpe) Propasser ripponi SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 18, 1902, p. 11 (Gyi- dzin-shan, W. Yunnan). Five males and three females, Likiang Mountains, 9,500-12,000 feet, April 23-September; one male, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November; one immature unsexed, Tseh Chung Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. An immature female, an immature male, and the unsexed imma- ture in the above series are darker above, much more brownish below, than the adult female, and the supraauricular stripe is ochra- ceous, not whitish. The unsexed specimen is particularly dark, but the stripes below are narrower than in the immature marked as a male; it very likely is of the same sex, but slightly older. 220. PYRRHULA ERITHACA ALTERA Rippon Pyrrhula altera Rippon, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 19, 1906, p. 19 (Shayang, W. Yunnan). One male near the Burma border without definite locality, March 25; four males and nine females, Likiang Mountains, 12,000-13,000 feet, May—September. The male from the Burma border is somewhat smaller, the red below darker and extending up the throat around the black chin spot; it is probably P. e. erithaca or an intermediate, but for the present I prefer to list it as above. An adult male and female recently received from Kansu (120 miles south of Lanchow) are smaller and the female considerably lighter than Yunnan birds; they evidently represent Pyrrhula erithaca taipaishanensis Rothschild.** The type of Pyrrhula erithaca wilderi Riley °° is darker, especially on the head, and has a smaller bill than the Kansu female. 5 Nov. Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 68. 5> Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 31, 1918, p. 33. ART. 5 BIRDS FROM YUNNAN AND SZECHWAN, CHINA—RILEY 59 221. PROPYRRHULA SUBHIMACHALA INTENSIOR Rothschild Propyrrhula subhimachala intensior RoruscuHitp, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 43, 1922, p. 12 (Likiang Range). One adult male and one adult female, Likiang Mountains, 13,000- 15,000 feet, May 10. 222. EMBERIZA PUSILLA Pallas Emberiza pusilla Pawias, Reise Russ. Reichs, vol. 3, 1776, p. 697 (Daurian Alps). One adult (not sexed), Huigai, March 11. 223. EMBERIZA ELEGANS ELEGANTULA Swinhoe Emberiza elegantula SwINHOE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 134 (near Kweichow, Hupeh). One male between Feilung-chiao and Yiinlung, March 21; one male, no definite locality, March 26; two males, two females, and two unsexed, Likiang Mountains, 9,400-11,000 feet, May-June; one female, dense forest between Shayang and Nanchu Plain, 9,500 feet, May 30; one male, mountains of Tseh Chung, Mekong Valley, No- vember. These all belong to one form, apparently. Compared with April specimens of Emberiza elegans sibirica Sushkin,®® from Korea and Chili, the Yunnan series is darker above, especially on the hind neck, where the streaks are black and broad, in one specimen (No. 297507), May 3, almost hiding the slate gray edges to the feathers; the nape more extensively black; the streaks on the flanks blackish rather than russet. In /. e. sibirica the hind neck is pale neutral gray, the dark streaks sparse, this difference, without any others, make the two races stand out quite distinctly when viewed from above. I have seen no specimens from Japan. The only specimens available from Hupeh are a winter-taken pair; the male with a smaller wing and tail than the November specimen from Tseh Chung. The latter has darker and broader streaks above; the hind- neck deeper and more extensively gray, and the nape more ex- tensively black. The Hupeh specimens are probably only the north- ern race. The National Museum has several breeding birds from Szechwan (Mount Omei, east of Tatsienlu and 25 miles west of Yachow). The Mount Omei specimens are very poor; in fact, the only fair skin is a male from east of Tatsienlu, June 19. It is paler above than the Yunnan series but still much darker than northern birds. A male from Mount Omei and a female from west of Yachow are very dark but very much worn. 56 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 38, No. 1, 1925, p. 29. 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 70 224. EMBERIZA SPODOCEPHALA MELANOPS Blyth Emberiza melanops BrytH, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, 1845, p. 554 (Tipperah, India). One male, between Tuinakou, and Likiang, 9,000 feet, May 18; one adult male, Kanhoten, June 3; one immature male, Likiang Plain, 8,200 feet, August 21; one female without locality or date. 225. EMBERIZA GODLEWSKII YUNNANENSIS Sharpe Emberiza yunnanensis SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club., vol. 18, 1902, p. 12 (Gyi-dzin-shan, W. Yunnan). A fair series: Between Feilung-chiao and Yiinlung, March 21; Likiang Mountains, 9,400-12,000 feet, April 5-May 12; between Likiang and Tuinakou, 10,000 feet, May 16; Yangtze Valley, 4,600 feet, May 17; Likiang Plain, August; mountains above Hungfuping, Mekong Valley, November; Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November; Yangtze Gorge opposite Fungkou, February. These are considerably darker and richer colored, both above and below, than the more northern race named Hmberiza cia omissa Rothschild. An immature male taken in August is molting into the first winter . plumage and is almost or quite as dark as the adult; only a few streaks of the immature dress remain on the throat and chest. 226. EMBERIZA GODLEWSKII OMISSA Rothschild Emberiza cia omissa RoTHSCHILD, Nov. Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 60 (Si Taipaishan, Tsin-ling Mountains). One female, Tseh Chung Mountains, Mekong Valley, November; one female, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. 227. MELOPHUS MELANICTERUS (Gmelin) Fringilla melanictera GMELIN, Sys. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 910 (Macao). One male, marked female, between Kantingai and Muanglai, Sal- win Valley, March 15; one male, between Wamangai and Tsao Chiang, March 17. Family STURNIDAKE. Starlings 228. SPODIOPSAR CINERACEUS (Temminck) Sturnus cineraceus TEMMINCE, PI. Col., pl. 556, 1832 (Japan). One female, without locality or date. 229. GRACUPICA NIGRICOLLIS (Paykull) Gracula nigricollis PAYKULL, Kongl. Vetenskaps Acad. Nya Handlingar, vol. 28, 1807, p. 291, pl. 9 (China). Two males and one female, Tengyueh, 5,300 feet, March 7. art.5 BIRDS FROM YUNNAN AND SZECHWAN, CHINA—RILEY 61 230. ACRIDOTHERES TRISTIS (Linnaeus) Paradisea tristis LINNAEUS, Sys. Nat., ed. 12, 1766, p. 167 (Philippine Islands). One male, Chienchuan, 8,000 feet, June 5; one male and two fe- males, Likiang Plain, 8,200 feet, August; one male, one female, and one juvenile, Likiang Mountains, 10,000 feet, June and August. The juvenile is apparently just from the nest and was taken in August. 231. AETHIOPSAR CRISTATELLUS CRISTATELLUS (Gmelin) Gracula cristatella GMELIN, Sys. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 65 (China). One male, Tsao Chiang, March 18. Family ORIOLIDAE. Orioles 232. ORIOLUS CHINENSIS TENUIROSTRIS Blyth Oriolus tenwirostris BiytH, Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 15, 1846, p. 48 (Central India). A good series of adults and immatures from Likiang Mountains, 8,500-14,000 feet, April-September ; and Limestone Range east of the Tikiang Mountains, 10,000 feet, July. A young bird not long from the nest was taken July 2. 233. ORIOLUS TRAILLII TRAILLII (Vigors) Pastor traillii Vicors, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1831, p. 175 (Himalaya, prob- ably Darjiling). One adult female, Likiang Mountains, June. When compared with two females from the Himalayas it is not as dark on the head above and lacks the maroon wash to the rump; these differences may be individual or due to age, however, as the two Indian specimens are not alike. Family DICRURIDAE. Drongo Shrikes 234. DICRURUS ATER CATHOECUS Swinhoe Dicrurus cathoecus SwINHOE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 377 (China). One male and three females, Likiang Mountains, 8,200—-10,000 feet, April 23, May 15, and September; one female, Chienchuan Plain, June 5. 235. DICRURUS LEUCOPHAEUS NIGRESCENS Oates Dicrurus nigrescens OATES, in Hume’s Nests and Eggs, ed. 2, vol. 1, 1889, p. 208 (Rangoon). A good series from: Likiang Mountains, 8,200-10,000 feet, April 5, June-August; Yangtze Gorge near Tsilikiang, 4,600 feet, May 17; between Nguluko and Yulo, Yangtze Valley, May 24; Chien- chuan plain, 8,000 feet, June 5. 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 70 The only specimen from Assam, a female (Dicrurus leuccphaeus hopwoodi), available for comparison is a much darker bird both above and below than any in the Yunnan series. Six males in the series have a wing, 143-157 (147.5); and five females, 145-152.5 (148). Bangs*’ assigns three males from the same general region to Dicrurus leucophaeus nigrescens, but remarks that they are large birds. Rothschild ** also assigns specimens from northern Yunnan to this race. The wing is considerably greater than that given by Stuart Baker,®® however. Family CORVIDAE. Crows, Jays, etc. 236. CORVUS MACRORHYNCHOS INTERMEDIUS Adams Corvus intermedius ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Leond., 1859, p. 171 (Kaschmir Dogshai, and Simla). One adult (unsexed but probably a male), Likiang Mountains, 12,000 feet, April 16; one adult male, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. These have been compared with five males and four females from Kashmir, and while they have slightly larger bills, 58 against 56- 57.5 (56.7), the differences are hardly enough to warrant subspecific separation. Corvus macrorhynchos tibetosinensis Kleinschmidt and Weigold °° and Corvus coronoides mengtszensis La Touche ** are synonyms. 237. CORVUS CORONE YUNNANENSIS La Touche Corvus corone yunnanensis LA ToucHE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 48, 1922, p. 43 (Mengtz, S. E. Yunnan). One adult male, Yangtza, Mekong Valley, November. 238. COLOEUS DAUURICUS KHAMENSIS Bianchi Coloeus dauricus khamensis BIANcHI, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 16, 1906, p. 68 (Mekong R., Kham, S. E. Tibet). One male and one female, Kanhoten, March 28; one female, Likiang Mountains, 9,800 feet, May 5; one male, Yangzte Gorge, 4,600 feet, May 17; one male, near Chinho, May 29; one female, without definite data. 239. COLOEUS NEGLECTUS (Schlegel) Corvus neglectus SCHLEGEL, Bijdr. Dierk. Amsterdam, Afl. 8, Corvus, 1859, p. 16 (Japan). One immature female, Chienchuan, 8,000 feet, June 5; one adult male, Tseh Chung Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. 57 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 44, 1921, p. 598. 58 Nov. Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 65; vol. 30, 1923, pp. 57, 266. 69 Hauna Brit. India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 2, 1924, p. 361. 60 Abh. u. Ber. d. Zool. u. Anthr.-Ethn. Mus. Dresden, vol. 15, 1922, p. 2. 6 Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 48, 1923, p. 80. ART. 5 BIRDS FROM YUNNAN AND SZECHWAN, CHINA—RILEY 63 240. NUCIFRAGA CARYOCATACTES MACELLA Thayer and Bangs Nucifraga hemispila macella THAYER and Banes, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 52, 1909, p. 140 (Hsien-shan-hsien, Hupeh). One male, between Heshwe and Lusuko, 11,000 feet, April 27; one adult unsexed and one immature, Heshwe, 10,000 feet, May 2; eight adults (four males, three females, and one unsexed), and one imma- ture female, Likiang Mountains, 10,000-11,000 feet, May—September. Two adults from the mountains of western Szechwan agree with the Yunnan series. Three adults (only one sexed) from the mountains of Shansi are browner, the dark color of the pileum does not extend so far onto the mantle, the spots above and below are slightly heavier than in the Yunnan birds. They represent Nucifraga hemispila interdictus Kleinschmidt and Weigold.* Both Bangs® and Kleinschmidt and Weigold * have relegated Nucifraga yunnanensis Ingram® to the synonymy of Nucifraga hemispila macella Thayer and Bangs."* The two immature specimens referred to above taken May 2 and June have the throats buffy white and the upper and lower parts, except the rump and under tail coverts, heavily spotted with isabella color. The May specimen is considerably younger and has a rather short bill and the spots larger and heavier. 241. UROCISSA MELANOCEPHALA MELANOCEPHALA (Latham) Coracias melanocephala LATHAM, Ind. Orn., vol. 1, 1790, p. 173 (China). Ten adults (five males, three females, and two unsexed), Likiang Mountains, 8,200-11,000 feet, April—June and September; one male, Yangtze Gorge, 7,000 feet, May 22; one male, mountains near Yangtza, Mekong Valley, November; one female, Litang Valley, below Mili, 8,000 feet, February. The above series when compared with a series from northern and central China averages a much deeper and purer blue on the upper parts, and the tail is considerably longer. 242. UROCISSA FLAVIROSTRIS FLAVIROSTRIS (Blyth) Psilorhinus flavirostris BLytTH, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. 15, 1846, p. 28 (Darjeeling). One male, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November. This appears to be the first record of this species from China. The specimen differs widely from four adults from Kashmir (Uvocissa 6 Falco, vol. 18, 1922, p. 2; Abh. u. Ber. d. Zool. u. Anthr.-Ethn. Mus. Dresden, vol. 15; 1922) p.-b. 6 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 44, 1921, p. 599. ® Abh, u. Ber. d. Zool. u. Anthr.-Ethn, Mus. Dresden, vol. 15, 1922, p. 5. ® Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 25, 1910, p. 86. ° Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ¥ol. 52, 1909, p. 140. 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 70 flavirostris cucullata. The blue of the wings and tail externally is much darker and more purplish; the back of an entirely different color, dark olive-buff with a dark madder blue sheen, and blue hardly showing in certain lights and the olive-buff almost disappearing in others; the lining of the wings and tail is olive-ocher; tips to the tail feathers, pinkish-buff ; and there are other differences. | Sharpe,” however, evidently had similar specimens from Kashmir which he considered to be in immature plumages. The above Yun- nan specimen appears to be adult, but if not, it would be rather unique for the immature of a species of Corvidae to have a distinctive first winter plumage. 243. GARRULUS BISPECULARIS SINENSIS Swinhoe Garrulus sinensis SwInuHor, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1863, p. 304 (Canton to Ningpo). Two males and one female, Likiang Mountains, July; one female, Ashi Road, banks of Yangtze, July; one male, Litiping Mountains, Yangtze Divide, November; one female and one unsexed, Hofuping Mountains, Mekong Valley, November; one male and one female, forests of Mili, southwest Szechwan, February. This series when compared with Fukien birds averages grayer on the mantle and a little more rufescent on the head. The differences are slight and inconstant, and hardly warrant recognition by name. 244, PYRRHOCORAX PYRRHOCORAX HIMALAYANUS (Gould) Fregilus himalayanus Gouxp, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 125 (Hima- layas). Three adult males and four unsexed adults, Likiang Mountains, 9,800-11,000 feet, April, August, and September. The United States National Museum contains a good series of the chough from western Szechwan, a small series from Kansu and Inner Mongolia, a small series from Kashmir, but few from Europe. The series from Yunnan and western Szechwan seem to be the same and are uniformly larger with much larger bills than the Euro- pean bird. Kansu and Inner Mongolian specimens are smaller with smaller bills than Yunnan birds and belong to Pyrrhocorax p. brachypus Swinhoe. The Kashmir bird is smaller than P. p. himalayanus, but somewhat larger than Kansu specimens, the differences are slight and for the present they may be assigned to Pyrrhocorax p. brachypus rather than Pyrrhocorax p. pyrrhocorax, which is a somewhat smaller race. ®7 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1877, p. 73. PA DTOLNISATM ANGI teens cece ene ooo ac ase Acanthizoides, HOrormis====92--s2.-25------—- Acanthopneuste magnirostris-_ -_--.---------- reguloides claudiae -_~_-___- Accipiter nisus melanochistus---—--.-.------ ENC Voy g OVS) etsy TS ye NE NCL LISP DOL CUS eet ee sees eee eee ae ans Aegithaliscus!bonvaloti_ =-2-+-----.--..-._-.. concinnus talifuensis ----_ ---- -- Aegithalos caudatus vinaceus- -__------------ pemodius, Perparus ater---_s--------------- Aethiopsar cristatellus cristatellus ---_------- Aethopyga dabryii bangsi-_--._.......-.----- aby yllae s oe eee mipslensiss=se sss seers ee eee SMT TIS MO OFACLAS Se sea see eee eee es ceo os IMonticolaisolitariases sess ose = a Perissospiza icteroides__.._.....-.---- Phaeorhadina==stee sek es esos 2 oe Rhyacornis fuliginosa___..._......-_- Alauda gulgula coelivox__....._.---.-------- A SuCidaG eee ee Neen a See nee ene sre ores os albicilla, Siphia parva _-----2---= =~ =_ eee Bl bicollismRhipidurate ase eseee aes ee ae albipectus, Pomatorhinus ruficollis _-..-__--- albosuperciliaris, Dryonastes sannio-_--_----- AU CEdINi dae == see eee sce Cases eee ee Te Alcedo atthis bengalensis__...........-.----. Alcippornis nipalensis hueti--......._-------- MipAlensisse-sseseecee yunnanensis___.....-. Altera eyrrhmia eribnacd eee epee nee once ATTICUS HOPINUSSe teen eee ete e aes eae Ambherstiae, Chrysolophus -_-_-..----------- Anas poecilorhyncha haringtoni-_--___------- poecilorhyncha - - __-_-- zonorhyncha.---__....-- TOSCHUUSE eee ee hoe se ue sete eee Ardea cinerea jOWyi2-. 222-2 ee anna IAT OCLGAG oe Same eenre a o2 0 ESSE ene ee ATI ZelOM via atinOStliSe= 222222 eee ze eee eae PIM AT Gi "ADORNS see Bee ere eee ae Orecopneustemet= sso Se stare ees BSI ALI CAMO VanOpSes see see te ee te oes ces astigma, Muscicapula superciliaris______----- auroreus, Phoenicurus auroreus___-..-------- avensis, Campephaga melaschista..-_..-_.-- iBabox Jancealata bonivalotiz--_-2--..2.------ DacchuswANGeO W@aesaee see ae ee cece sa ete icolor, -Porzanae =.=. = S252 es ooo ee eee bieti, Pulvetta vinipectas=<- 2-2-2222. 2 So Tanthocinclasssseeaase ssa see ee blythi, Trochalopteron affinis__...._...._.---- borvaloti; Acpithaliscusl-<---2)-s------>2=—- iBaboxlanceolata-----— brachypus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax- - ------ brunnea, Larvivora brunnea___--.--.-------- Bubolibubowarlanditass2-- ase e- oan KA ATI TSCHONSIS= seen ene ae ae ee SOUSCEHU 1 US sees ee eee Swine seen oe eae Budytes flava stouilllinnas 22-2252 == eee DUK Seicercus) DUnKles-—----=))--2-->--5-— burmanica, Saxicola caprata......._--------- Buteoybuteoyaponicusss-=--2-2-----5-2----—— Butorides javanica javanica ____-_._.-.------ cabanisi, Dryobates major_..._...-...-------- Cacomantis merulinus querulus------------- calipyeus; Liothrix luteus=---------.-..--.=- @alliope'daviditee = es eae act ans PloriOSd 2 ose eee eae tschebsie wit 22 2-22 Campephaga melaschista avensis------------ Campephagidues 22-2. e"ees8=- = ee = CAMIITONS S| DIAS OS meee ee eee eee C@apellaisolitariatat = 25 {22-2 s22s5-2cce-5--2 capitalis) Hemipus picatusis=:---22--5-----_— Capitonidaen est ea aces asee ns ese seee = Caprimulgidaet= 2222 seer oe eae ee we Caprimulgus indicus jotaka_...--.----------- ecaripes, Why CerODaSaas=seses-- sees =a === @arpodacusedubinss ste es=aee erythrinus roseatus-_~ --------.-- pulcherrimus pulcherrimus------. 1 0) 0) 0) 0) ace ee Sateen eae eR thura femininusss=-- 2-2 -.= sso @asarca: fermeineats= ta eee eee cashmeriensis, Cinclus cinclus____-----_------ caspica, Motacilla cinerea_..-....----.------- castoneocoronata, Oligura castaneocoronata.- Cathoectis; Dicrunlus aterses assess ee Cerchneis tinnunculus interstinctus - -------- Certhia familiaris khamensis_._.-.----------- 66 C@erthiidaeza2 ss. 5 eee ey eae sun eeee cerviniventris, Digenea tricolor_------.------ Chaimarrhornis leucocephala---_.----------- @haradriidae: --2= 2222 2 2e, See eee Charadrius dubius dubius_........--..------ placidus220022- ice ee eee Chelidorynx-hypoxantha-=2-2= == 22s Chimarrornis fuliginosa tenuirostris_.____-_-- Chrysaeus, Tarsiger chrysaeus__------------- Chrysolophus amberstiae__......-...-..---_- Cinclidaes: 232 a Cinclus cinclus cashmeriensis_--...-...------ pallasiiisoulier sees see ee ee cineraceus; Spodiopsar ss. -se ease ee cinereiceps, Trochalopteron____-._--_--_-___- Circus'cyaneus cyaneus--------2------ 2-2 clarkei; Tthacinissa2)2 anaes ee te claudiae, Acanthopneuste reguloides__._ ___-_ coelicolor: Gran dala sae ee ee eee COC VOX,nAUA TICs ot oul aaa ae ee Coloeus dauuricus khamensis_--_-___-__--_-- M@SICCLUS 2 3h aos sone eae Columba hod gsonise se eae ee lewconotaleradanias eso seo eee leuconotasa= eae Collim bid aes = same ee 5 ne ee ee concolor, Microscelis psaroides_-----_-_----- conquisitus, Turdus mupinensis Copsychus saularis saularis Coracias affinis Coraciidae Corvidae coronoides mengtszensis-___-_-_----__ macrorhynchos intermedius ---___--_- tibetosinensis_____-__- Coturnix coturnix japonica crecca: Nettione ste a a ee cristatellus, Aethiopsar cristatellus cristatus; (uaniusienistats=. 26-0 == ee ee Crossoptilon crossoptilon crossoptilon ______- Chuentusithaginiss sees sas ree eee cruralis, Heteroxenicus Cnicwlidad seasons aa seis Sit eek Rea cucullata, Urocissa flavirostris_...__..-____-- Cuculus intermedius intermedius ODtAtUS sha econ Aka e eS ee ee Culicicapa ceylonensis orientalis____________- cyaneus; Circusicyaneus2 2222-222 ee cyanophrys, Suthora fulvifrons____-__-___--- Cyanops asiatica CYAUUIT A elena fla a ee ee ee ee dabryii, Aethopyga dabriyii.__._..._...____- darjellensis, Dryobates daviGijiCallione ss 24s ss esas ee ee es eee davidii WOreopneuste seem eae aes dedekensi, Pomatorhinus erythrogenys-----_- dejeani, Penthestes palustris__.--._..-_____- denotata, Niltava sundara Gerbianay Psiltacwlac ae eee ne deszodinsiLioptilases sean ee ae eran chademata, sychin d= 2] 2 eee rane Wicdeldaevss-2 22-4 ore 2 Bok eee yeas Dicaeum ignipectus ignipectus___.__-_..___- DICTUTIGAC eee Flt Oe Ne gO ee ead INDEX bly | sierurusiater cathoccus2=-2-— == eae eee 18 leucophaeus hopwoodi-_----------- 36 MgrescenS 222) eee 7 | Digenea tricolor cerviventris_--........----- 7, | Dryobates darjellensis=-==-- -= 2 == 222-2222 i Taatn fo m\Gaopbal Noa a ee 19 Stresemanniae 522 een eee 38 | Dryonastes sannio albosuperciliaris____--.-_- 300) GQUbIUS «© SEpOd ACS Es esa aaa ee 5 @haradrius;dubius2=) 2222 eee 34 | Dumeticola Thoracica thoracica__----------- 34) elegans’ IPhasianus=2 tes. == =eere a eee ae 34 | elegantula, Emberiza elegans_____.._-__-__-- 60 | elliotii, Trochalopteron elliotii....._.-....--- 25 | Emberiza elegans elegantula____._.___.------ 10 Sibirica see ss eee 3,4 godlewskii omissa___....-.-------- 42 yunnanensises 2 2 eace 35 pusilla)--2 Actas 52) ee 54 spodocephala melanops____-_------ 62 | emeria, Otocompsa emeria____.....---.------ 62 | Enicurus leschenaulti sinensis. -_..........-- 6 | Eophona migratoria migratoria__.......-_.-- 6 | erithaca, Pyrrhula erithaca_-_........-_.---- 6 | erythrogastra, Monticola__.___._.._.--.._--- 6 | ethologus, Pericrocotus brevirostris..__._---- 22 | eugenei, Myophonus temmenckii_.___-_----- 36 | Eumyias thalassina thalassina___......----.- 40/5 | Metmomuss MuUTd uses. seen ee 13;|'7 Ralconidaes]52-8 8 = 3-8 ane eee ISU Malcomegulus insignishesss.e) hens eee 62 subbuteostreichis=-=-— eee 62a tasciata. ESlbbacill ae sen =e ae aera 62 | feminimus, Carpodacus thura-_--__.---------- 62.,)| Sferruginea;@asarcast assesses eee 62 | finschi, Psittacula schisticeps_-...---..-----. 3 | flavirostris, Urocissa flavirostris__......------ 9 | forresti, Reguloides proregulus_._---..------- 61 Thriponaxs 2. 2ce 2 see Ne ee Ay s| phreanklinia Cracilisten: =.= me eee ae eee eee 6.) rin pillidae 3) 5 2s ee 4 | fuliginosa, Rhyacornis fuliginosa________.---- 30 | Fulvetta ruficapilla sordidior---.------------ 14 ViINIPeCtase son tess soa ee eee 64 bietit 223 eee 14.4) (funebris} seicoides 22-382 s eee 15 | fusca, Haleyon smyrnensis_-_..-----.---=..-= TOM) fuscata, Oreopneust@ss sae se see == eee 10 Phaeorhadina fuscata__-_.....-.---- 48 iRhyllopneustesases ane ea eee 15 | fuscogularis, Siphia strophiata___....------_- 39 | Gallinula chloropus parvifrons__...-..------- 52 | Garrulus bispecularis sinensis_...-.---------- 16 | genestieri, Schoeniparus dubius-___----.------ 39) | geeoroyl, IGhapinissess-s2s-— eee ee 44 | glareola, Rhyacophilus---...-.-------------- 27 |\-gloriosa, Calliope :davidiss="-22=_ sees eee 48 MUSciNia Gavidisens=ss=)- eee ae 18 ||gouldi,TDurduss222 220 = a2 3 eee gracilis; Pranklinigts262- ee cen eee see eae 3h. |/¢Gracupica nigricollis#=2- 2222205 = 2 eee ee eae 32 | gradaria, Columba leuconota--_-_._----_------ 52)|| oGrandala; coelicolor -.5--ss-eeeneee eee 52 | Graucalus macei siamensis___.....----------- 61 gravivox, Pomatorhinus erythrogenys griseotincta, Yuhina gularis__.........__.-... Puttaticollis; Paradoxornis:=__- 222 S22 ee guttulata, Megaceryle lugubris............. SUtUTaALS, EMIrunGO rustica 222-so2s222-—- 0 — EFAeMaALOSDIZA ING 1CAe as eae, EVGICVONU DUCA tHe soa Seo ee nee Simiynmensisiuschas =o e. ae eee Haringtonia leucocephalus montivagus- -_-___- haringtoni, Anas poecilorhyncha_-__-_______- Oreicolanferreavese ante ee lemichelidon’ sibirica=]-2--24-_ = === --=2-- ==. Lemipus picatus capitalis= ——- 2228-2822 _--_- PISCTELOXEMICUSICrUTaliSes === 5 eae een SINCHSIS =. oe =— oe aa ee ee ee Hier ococcyx sparverioides_________._-._-_--- himalayanus, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax_-____- TELAT UIN GIT AG ae See Se = Beevers Siapy ay oP Hirundo rustica gutturalis_.._...__...-__.__- MIOGSSONIg A MEAUS = ee ee eee ee Colum Dae tes sees ne eae re Roliomiyiaceneiat st ee eee Hodgsonius phoenicuroides phoenicuroides -- hopwoodi, Dicrurus leucophaeus-__---____-___- Horeites brunnifrons umbraticus_--_-______- Horornisiacanthizoidess oss ssG 2 ses ee hueti, Alcippornis nipalensis____...__...___- TEVPOLCUICUS PA CELLIS Haare tant eee ere ose S Hypopicus hyperythrus subrufinus__________ hypoxantha, Chelidorynx=—.._.___--_-__-=_- TeanthiaiCyanuta=—= seen eee Runlatae Se meer eee DIACUCA ee ee eee ee eeu Tent hocine sbieti=-s eae ae eee, Ibidorhynchae struthersii____._...__----___- Ebidorhynchidaos sess e. sal eee, See ignipectus, Dicaeum ignipectus_____________- rmmaclata,ponunellgees ee ae eee Ingles, BELACIMALOSPIZAs sae eee eee INSIPNIS\ HM AalCOrepUlsue n= ae meee ee intensicolor, Procarduelis nipalensis_________ INntenslon eEAssenTUtANnse= ese ee Propyrrhula subhimachala-________ interdictus, Nucifraga hemispila..____.______ intermedius, Corvus macrorhynchos________- Cuculus intermedius__________- Schoeniparus dubius__________- interstinctus, Cerchneis tinnunculus________- Ethaginis(clarker=s=sssescssesan esas ee eas CHUCIUG IS Beemer eee eine eer ew oe POOUTOVIe ses ee ee ee es 1S OL] eer eer ae aes eee oe ee era ae japonica, Coturnix coturnix_-_-___-__.___-_-- Jive xetOnd Glas =a =a ee ee japonicus, Buteo DutCOn-----e8- 2 - ee se JanlandisBuboibuboOs-2e2e— aoe ee ee favanica, Butorides javanica____-___________- jotaka, Caprimulgus indicus__.____________- jouyi, Ardea cinereal2s?2 2 ...22- 72-28. 8 Jyux torquilla japonica--.------------------- khamensis, Certhia familiaris_..__.._.___-__- Coloeus dauuricus_.__._...-.--_- kiautschensis, Bubo bubo._____-_----------- INDEX 67 Page 325 KUSen LUD aginise= saeco ee a ee eee ees oat 4 47 | Laiscopus collaris ripponi__........---..---_. 41 13. | aniidae’ = =a 9 eee ee Sra 47 17>} Meanius:cristatustcnistatusses-s=sses sees 47 57 nigriceps nigriceps__-...._.____-_---- 47 14 Cephronotus:. sess eee eee 47 147 liearidae! {2 o-. see he Seen hee 7 21en IG ATUS CANS a Ose see eee ee 7 9 | Larvivora brunnea brunnea_-.__.-...--.---- 39 40 | clatirostriss:Anizelomyiaesss en ae 17 17 | laurentei, Pomatorhinus ruficollis____.._____- 27 17 | leucocephala, Chaimarrhornis__-._...._.___- 36 46 | leucocephalus, Microscelis______._.-_.-_._-__- 21, 22 30 | leuconota, Columba leuconota__________---_- 6 30) | leucopsis; Motacilla alba. - 2-282 24 53 14 | leucopterus, Phoenicurus auroreus___.-----_- 36 630 | plinea tus Millis = see 2 eee an ern ee nee np na 10 Via) Sioptila deszodinsiv..--= == ee eee 31 172) iothrix luteus calipyeus=: 22] one oe 32 54 LUGS Sasso te er 32 6 WuNnAaneNSise. see eae 32 bs | Wusciniaidavidi-eloriosas.-2--- 9-22-25. --- = 2 Sf) | eluteus; Giothrixlitess sen. fe ee ee 32 19 | macella, Nucifraga caryocatactes____.._____- 63 38 FIBTILIS Pll ees 63 620 emaculateshibipastes= 2-2 eee eee 54 ety Ul shaa betes tse) hel soot es St ee ae Re eS eee Fen §1 44 | magnirostris, Acanthopneuste_--___...___-_- 42 237] OF: AeATS! CANIS == ee see eer ees 7 if PET DUT aS = en ee Seb ee eereayy 42 16 | mandellii, Schoeniparus dubius_______...-__- 30 19) | Pmaximaanthocinclass= sess. sae eas 25 39 | Megaceryle lugubris guttulata_......________ 13 39 | melanicterus, Melophus_-.____.....-...------ 60 39 | melanocephala, Urocissa melanocephala ---_- 63 25 | melanochistus, Accipiter nisus__-__....--___- 10 25 | melanops, Emberiza spodocephala__-______-- 60 7 | melanoxanthus, Mycerobas_..........-_----- 55 7 | melanozantha, Pachyglossa._.........._----- 52 529 ||) Melophusimelanictertiste: 22 ees ee ee 60 41 | mengtszensis, Corvus coronoides___-_--___-_- 62 57 | merganser, Mergus merganser ---...__----.-- 9 10 | Mergus merganser merganser--____..-_.__---- 9 56 Onlentaliseeen aes 9 57 | Microcichla scouleri scouleri__..._._..______- 41 59 | Microscelis leucocephalus__._....-...-------- 21, 22 63 psaroides concolor ---_____..----- 22 62 | migratoria, Eophona migratoria______._____- 55 14 Viilvusiinea tise 82 se mame fle 10 29 | mollissima, Oreocincla mollissima -----_----- 41 11 | Molpastes haemorrhous nigripileus---_------ 22 3,4 | Monticola erythrogastra_..............------ 36 4 SOMtAnIa Atlinismeeses ts Reese nee 36 3 pandoos 2s Sees ee 36 4 | Montifringilla nemoricola nemoricola________ 56 montivagus, Haringtonia leucocephalus- --_-_- 21 3 | Motacilla alba baicalensis_.-.-2-.-._-.2-£_-- 53 17 hodgsonit ee eee 53 10 LGUCODSISE eee ee 53 11 cinerea) Caspicaees==e == ee 53 8 |e Mlotacilidae: ese sane eS Geese 53 14 | Moupinia poecilotis sordidior _..-__-..___._- 29 8 | multistriata, Prunella strophiata__.__..-____ 41 fen] | WOVEUSCICA DIG AC Wee saa ae een eens 17 51 | Muscicapula superciliaris astigma_-_-__._.__-- 19 62 superciliaris___.._- 19 11 | mussoti Zosteropsessesceeecee es Bane es 52 68 INDEX Page Page Wiyicerobascarnines==—-2--2-- 2-45. -e8eeeeeee 55 | Perissospiza icteroides affinis._--_._-_-______ 55 melanoxanthus=sae2= ese 55/1) Phacorhadinayaffinistes === ss an ae ee neers 45 Myophonus temminckii eugenei------------ 34 fuSscatatuscata= =e 44 temminckii_-_____- 34 SUD SE 1S Saeerees ra ene eran 45: MAPASNSISUSIttaA ssa. Sa ea eaee 50h | ehalacrocoracidacsasss see eee eneen anaes 9 Nannus troglodytes talifuemsis__-.._.-_-__._- 33 | Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis__._.__._------- 9 nebulosayolitasimensises== ses == ee 50\f| (Phasianidaes. 2-2 82222 0 eae ae teenies 3 Néctariniidaé- 222525522625 Se ee ee 6270) pPhasianusielezans see eee seein eee 5 neéglectus; iC oloeuss 222" Sasa ee See eee 62 | phoenicuroides, Hodgsonius phoenicuroides __ 38. IPhyloscopuseese a. eee ee ee 44 | Phoenicurus auroreus auroreuS----__-.------ 37 nemoricola, Montifringilla nemoricola-__-__-_-_- 56 leucopterus._=._.-_--- 36 Netlioncrecca ase See a 9 frontalisksinaeeee == === aaeanee 37 nigrescens, Dicrurus leucophaeus_-_-__-------- 61 Nod gsoni!!=— sees aera 37 nigriceps, Lanius nigricepsa2=52 = =2s2555 22 47 SChIStICEDSS a= eae ena 37 nignicollissiGracnplcas=t== == en 604) }Bhyllopneustetuscatace.=-2 eee 44 nigripileus, Molpastes haemorrhous- - ------- 22) ||| Phylloscopus neglectus= -" 2222 2s22 ss eee 44 Niltavaisundaraidenotatas— =>. ae LS) Picidae... vacates Seah aeiaseel. see 15 nipalensis; Aethopyedee ===) aaa Hail MEICOLGeS UNE DrISe aes aa ne 16 Alcippornis nipalensis_-__-------- 28) 2icus Canus!SOLGidione==) =a anes ae eee 15 nivicola, Strix aluco.____--..--------- Recloatied 1151293] spileatan Haley onsesusns en eues ee mneneeaee 14 nivipetens, Strix 2 eb eee eee LPs) Seipastesmmacwlatis sees a= =e ae eee mee 54 AlUICOS- s aSeeota Shiate 2) splacidus@haradritise= 22) sana e ene a Nucifraga caryocatactes macella__-.._------- 634)||SPodicipidagt 2s. os 2. ae ree 7 hemispila interdictus.__-.--------- 63 | poecilorhyncha, Anas poecilorhyncha_____-_-- 9 macellaaie = 222s lea se= 63 | poggei, Poliocephalus ruficollis____-_--_--_--- 7 YUNDANENSIS Sa. 2252 ees ae 63 | Poliocephalus ruficollis poggei_-_-_.---------- 7 Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax___..._----- 8h Boliomyias hod Zsonises see a eeenenrenen nes 19 obscurior, Yuhina occipitalis______..__------ 32 | Pomatorhinus erythrogenys dedekensi_____-- 27 OCHrOPUS POTN Eas eee eee ee eee 7 gravivox_-___--- 27 odicus, Pomatorhinus macclellandi--___-_---- 27 macclellandi odicus______-__-- 27 Oligura castaneocoronata castaneocoronata__ 34 ruficollis albipectus______-__-- 27 omissa, Emberiza godlewskii-_-_--..---------- 60 Dakeniise22 bess hee 26, 27 omissus, Yungipicus scintilliceps_ ----------- 16 laurentels=== ean 27 optatus iCuculus2 2b se oat ian ee eee 15 recondituss2==seas= 27 Oreicola ferrea haringtoni_______.__-_-------- 40 Stridulusaie sea sae 26 Oreocincla mollissima mollissima ------------ 41 Styani-2=- ete 26 Oreopneustearmandi2= ss 430)| CPorzanaibicolons sesso eee ee eee eee 6 Gavidil-. saan eae whites 44») “practica, Lanthia rufilatas.2 22-222 39 fuscatars 2s Se Sacks ab ree 43 | praecognitus, Stachyridopsis____-_.-._.------ 30 orientalis, Culicicapa ceylonensis-_-__-------- 19 | praemium, Reguloides humii__..------------ 43 Mergus merganser- -----------==-- Si! MPrionopidaes so) 222 225 Se Nod Sas eee 46 Oriolid ke. 2254 Soe Se ee eee ES a 61 | Procarduelis nipalensis intensicolor_---_-_---- 56 Oriolus chinensis tenuirostris_--------------- 61 rubescens saturatior__----_----- 55 tratllittrailliis eee eee 6L>| SPropasser, waltont aaa oe ee ee ee 57 Otocompsaemeriaemerias= 52223 ee 23 | Propyrrhula subhimachala intensior_-___---- 59 oustaleti, Trochalopteron affinis__--____-_--- 24> | ‘Prunellaimmaculatale 42 2 ee 41 Pachyglossa melanozantha__.-..-..-.-------- 52 strophiata multistriata___.-...----- 41 palpebrosa, Zosterops palpebrosa __---------- 52 | przewalskii, Saxicola torquata--------------- 40 pandoo, Monticola solitaria_..-_..----------- 36)4|| |Psittacidae=*222-" Sees eee ee eee 12 Paradoxornis guttaticollis____....-.._.-___---- 47 4| WPsittacularderbianaysss- a 2eesee eee 12, 13 Paradoxornithidaesssssss ss seen ule aes 47 fasciata__.-.-.-------------------- 13 DST Tai Yee eee eee lads saree Ph inees eee 48 schisticeps finschi=-:-----=2=-2===— FE : +s SCHISEICEDSHas sae ee : Parus mejor uhetanus..-..-....-...1.. 49 | Poeruthias eerolatas riketti----200-00 1 2 monticolus yunnanensis--__-__-------- 49 xanthocloris SEUNG UE et ce ota : - Ptyonoprogilemupestrise--=— = one 17 parvifrons, Gallinula chloropus eee e SETS 6 pulcher, Reguloides pulcher - ---------------- 43 Passer rutilans intensior--------------------- 57 | pulcherrimus, Carpodacus pulcherrimus -.-- 57 Penthestes palustris dejeani ---______-------- 48 | pusilla, Emberiza_.--..-.----0/00 0 2. 59 Pericrocotus brevirostris affinis---.-_-------- 20; 21-4 SPpyenonotidacssae sess see ee eel 21 ethologus-----.----- 20,21 | Pyenonotus aurigaster xanthorrhous--------- 22 Styanici 27. ee 21 | Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax brachypus--------- 64 Periparus ater aemodius_.-_-----.-.----=---- 48 bimalayanus------- 64 rufonuchalis beavani__-_____-._--- 48 pyrrhocorax-.----- 64 Pyrrhula erithaca Rallidaesess sls reconditus, Pomatorhinus ruficollis Reguloides humii alters ios 8 22 ee mel ae. enlthacaysts —) ae taipaishanensis__.._.-.___- Wild onit sis seep te se PLAe MUU a eee proregulus forresti ___.._..____.__- mulcher pulcher: === =a=-2—2s 25525 Regulus regulus y unnanensis_______- wa pS 2 Mhipidura al bicollise-22-- =.) — asta Riyacophilus glareola-=—_----s2-. 2. =--2__- Rhyacornis fuliginosa affinis_______.._______- Ti gin OSA sae o2 2 --— = ricketti, Pteruthius aerolatus___........_._-- Suthorajwebbianass---6.42--- == Zipponie C arpodacusuas seen aonseees shee one Taiscopusicollanisesa eases ese we eee rocki, Ithaginis___ roseatus, Anthus_ Carpodacus erythrinus rothschildi, Hemichelidon sibirica ruficeps, Stachyridopsis ruficeps PUA COUIS nT GUS see ea ee eee ee tufilata, Ianthia_-_ MUPESLLIS; Gy ONOPropileeseaa_ =e SALUTALa, WU PUPS iGPOpS=2—--—- 5 == ee == saturatior, Procarduelis rubescens__-________ Suthor: SuT 1 COlOn= see ee eee Sylviparus modestus-_--_-.__.-__- saularis, Copsychus saularis Saxicola caprata burmanica torquata DEZCWAISKi ae aee ae Slejmegeri-=: 2-2 ScHISticeps, Eb OCMICUTUSs==- 5222 seee se s= a= Psitta Schoeniparus dub cula schisticeps_.....__.--- is} Penesticrica=sse== === aae intermediuss.. 92-225 scintilliceps, Yungipicus scintilliceps_-_____- Scolopacidae __--__ Seicercus burkii b tephrocephalus setschuana, Zosterops setschuanus, Bub siamensis, Graucalus macei sibirica, Emberiza elegans Hemichelidon simillima, Budytes flava simplex, Zosterops palpebrosa sinae, Phoenicurus frontalis sinensis, Enicurus leschenaulti Garrulus bispercularis Heteroxe URED eee eee see ee ee ONDUDOl es aoe eee ee TL CUS Sear eae aay eee Sita SineGnsis essen ae ee ee ee Siphia parva albicilla strophiata_ Silta magna,..._. nagaensis..- sinensis nebulosa sinensis INDEX 69 Page Siva cyanoptera wingatei__._.........__-__.. 31 strigula, yunnanensis-= ----_----- = 31 SOlitaria. Capella: = sss eae eee ee 8 sordidior, Fulvetta ruficapilla_______________ 28 Moupinia poecilotis _-__..___-___- 29 ICUS CALNUIS he se ee ee 15 souliei;Cinclus pallasiias= = eeea es eee 34 Spelacorniss— 25 2 eee eee 33 sparverioides, Hierococcyx__._____.______-__- 14 SpelseOnmis! SOU Cis eee eee ae 33 Sphenurus sphenurus sphenurus-_-_-_-____-___- 6 yunnanensis-_-_--_____- 5, 6 Spinus‘ambiguus=2) see ee 56 SDIZIXOS! CANIM ONS Sane sae eer arate ee oe eee 23 Spodiopsan cineraceusesaes ss ee nee ea ee 60 Stachyridopsis ruficeps bhamoensis________- 30 PUT CO DSa= =e eee eee 30 praccognitusz2e2 2282-2 eo eks 30 stejnegeri, Saxicola torquata.________________ 40 streichi, Halcojsubbuteo2—-=--- sea 11 stresemanni, Dryobates major______________- 15 stridulus, Pomatorhinus ruficollis___________ 26 DELUX ALU COMM VIGO lesen oe eae eee in apy Nivipetensh 4 S- an Ses 2 Nivipetens = 2.9522 Pens aie oe ibe bP SLLODHMIAtaAg Old ao eee ne 17 struthersii, Ibidorhynchas) === ee 7 SburMid ae ee 2 ee ee 60 styani, Pericrocotus brevirostris____________- 21 Pomatorhinus ruficollis__...._______- 26 Suthora:: 2 52 ot a as Cee 48 ProchalOpLeron me eee eee 25 subaffinis, Phaeorhadina______._._.________- 45 subrufinus, Hypopicus hyperythrus_-________ 16 superciliaris, Suya superciliaris_._.__..______ 46 Suthora fulvifrons cyanophrys_______._______ 48 SOY ANI ee eae ee eee eee 48 . unicolon/saturatlopse sae 47 WebbDianass i=: 222 eee eee 48 rickettil_-- = eee 48 Suya crinigera parumstriata____..___.______- 46 UNM ANCNS |S s=2 eee 46 superciliaris superciliaris.__.._..._..__. 46 Swinhoei BS ubO WW0O see see eee 11 SIVA G86 whe ee eee nee ee oe ee 42 Sylviparus modestus saturatior___.__-______- 46 szechenyii, Metraophasis= sass=-ssssee=- 22-5" 3 GACZanowskia wo DUTaeat= = eee nee eee = 42 taipaishanensis, Pyrrhula erithaca___________ 58 talifuensis, Aegithaliscus concinnus-_-______-- 49 Nannus troglodytes_____.-.___.__ 33 Tarsiger chrysaeus chrysaeus-_.___.---._-___- 39 VAGCLITTUS See ee 39 temminckii, Myophonus temminckii______-_- 34 PLT ASOD aN Ss annt eee een eee 4 tenuirostris, Chimarrornis fuliginosa_________ 38 Oriolusichinensis=s222 === 61 tephrocephalus, Seicercus burkii____________- 45 CEPHTOnOtUS UaniUSeese sae eee 47 Tetraophasis szechenyii___......._...____--- 3 Thalassina, Eumyias thalassina__-.._._____- 19 thoracica, Dumeticola thoracica-_____ pe pd 42 ARTI PON axufOLres bie ee 17 fIDELADUS SEALS a] Ole ee eee 49 tibetosinensis, Corvus macrorhynchos.-.-_-. 62 70 INDEX Page Page MeEHOGTOMAMMUTADI AR a= no ae eee EWU N aeabavhoyerclie yy IRIN) eye Se RR SE 28 PTT a 0 Hea ae het CE SS EE RE 23 | vitellinus, Tarsiger chrysaeus___-...-_..____- 39 \ Trazopan.temminckile === ==) eee ee 4) | Fewaltoniibropassehe saat eee eee eee 57 ‘ trailliiOriolus; trails es eee 61H | Mwebbianay Suthorae == sie eas eee 48. a8 Mneronid Aelste sass Site REO tae 5 | wellsi, Baeolophus dichrous_-____.----_------ 4g 4 MriburadnajOrs ne ees 42 | wilderi, Pyrrhula erithaca_______-__-_=______ 58 CACZANOW Sass s= eee =e ee 42 | wingatei, Siva cyanoptera_-__----2_-__--.__- 31 trifasciatus; Carpodacus=———--22. 58 | xanthorrhous, Pycnonotus aurigaster--______- 22 ’ ‘Dringalochropuses= == aeee ee ee Co) Yarhinadia dem ataresas see = eer eet ee oe 32 i tristis; “A‘cridotheresS=22= = ass eee eee 61 gularisieniseotincth==e-—=-2- ee 32 Trochalopteron affinis blythi_--------------- 24 occipitalisiobscuniors =e waa 32 | OUSTALGHIe== =a eae 24 | Yungipicus scintilliceps omissus-__----_------ 16 ; CiNereicepSas_s==2se eRe ee 25 scintilliceps_________ 16. elliotilielliotii eS Se as 23,24 | Yunnanense, Trochalopteron elliotii__.______ 23, 24 yunnanense--__.-_---- 23,24 | yunnanensis, Alcippornis nipalensis___ -_---- 28. Styanis=2. ee eee 25 Anthus hodgsoni___.___-_____- 54 Mroglodytidae a= sass se ee 33 (Cloymabey oyna) sy 62. tschebalewi,. Calliope 22s. ae ee 38 Emberiza godlewskii-_-______-.- 60 Turdidsei sen 4 ee es a ee 34 Miothrixiuteusseassan seem 32 Murdus CUnoOmuUs === 252. See eee 35 INUciiraga= eos Se ee eee 63 eouldi.==- shies Se Ras ees 35 Parushmonticohisses 2s eeneae 49 mupinensis conquisitus___..._.____-- 36 Regulus regulus________-__---. 46 ruficollis226- as ee BPE 35 Sitth ets Sse see eee 50: 3F umbraticus, Horeites brunnifrons--.._._.__-- 45 Sivaistrigula == 2.23 s) see 31 } Upupaepops:saturatass 252 2 Sees 14 Sphenurus sphenurus__-_------- 5, 6 Upupidse 5 6 ee eee 14 Suyarcriniceras=-= ere. ee 46 Urocissa flavirostris cucullata_......-..-.---- 64 | zonorhyncha, Anas poecilorhyncha_-____-_--- 9 Mlavinostrisesssses-- eee (63) |zosteropidae set eee a ee ee een 51 melanocephala melanocephala______ 63h MZOSCErO PS IMUSSObIs= aaa es ee 52 Villosa:|Sittas2=- ue eya te aime Oe Le 51 palpebrosa simplex_--_.-___------- 51, 52. vinaceus, Aegithalos caudatus_-_._.-.------- 50 palpebrosae-2ase--e see" 52 @arpodacuss-acceamn eeu mnie 58 setschuana:28 ee ee, 52: 94 e 4 NEMATODE EGGS FROM THE GILL REGION OF A SHARK, CARCHARHINUS MILBERTI By G. A. MacCatitum Of Baltimore, Maryland On August 29, 1925, we examined at the United States Bureau of Fisheries Commission at Woods Hole, a large shark, Carcharhinus milberti, which is sometimes called great blue shark, dusky shark, etc. There were found on the gill arches or attachment of the gills to the cavity of the throat some quite large black patches on the mucous membrane. On further careful examination these proved to be deposits of eggs very like those found the year previous on the under surface of the nose of a Carcharhinus commersonii and reported by MacCallum (1925). The eggs appeared to the naked eye similar to those previously reported by MacCallum, although their loca- tion was different and they were laid in a dif- ferent manner. These were in very consider- able patches, sometimes as much as two inches long by half an inch wide or wider, and hence quite different from those reported from a shark last year by MacCallum, the latter eggs Fic. 1.—Eces oF Caput- being in almost mathematically correct Biiiatatcagde squares between the scales and if laid on the edges of the fins they were found to be under the outer layer of the skin. On closer exam- ination of those seen on Carcharhinus milberti they were found to be covered with spines (fig. 1), not very closely placed, and visible only under a high magnification. In other respects than this they were of about the same size, color, and shape as those previously reported by MacCallum. Those described here are 110 by 602. Apparently they might belong to the same genus, although evidently of a different spe- cies at least, and they may be tentatively referred to the genus Capil- laria. As in the case of those eggs found on C. commersonti no adult worms were found. By placing a few clean eggs between two cover No. 2655.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 70, ART. 6. 4684—26 { if 2 PRECEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 slips, or on a slide with cover slip, and using such pressure as was nec- essary to crush the ripe eggs, a-procedure which required more force than we had expected, several embryos were forced from their shells. These were rather blunt and had smaller tails than the embryos from eggs on C. commersonia. They were quite different from the free- living nematodes which are often found with them and which are larger, very active, and have a sharp tail. These latter are often seen in the fluid containing an amount of mucus and other débris from this shark and belong to the genus [fonhystera. As the worm eggs described here are from the membranous mucous covering of the connective tissue of the gill arches of C. m/berti and as the egg shells are spiny, they are regarded as a distinct species. This species I propose to call Capillaria spinosa. In looking for the spiny eggs we discovered eggs of another form. They are spherical, of a light grayish color, and contain a coiled embryo. The embryo appears to be granular as seen through the shell; when extruded from the shell it is sluggish and is somewhat granular throughout its whole length. We have never seen it lively or seeking around for food, as is often the case with nematodes. These eggs are very difficult to mount. This egg does not seem to have been noticed hitherto. The adult worms were not seen. The eggs are about 100 in diameter and almost always are solitary, although as many as two or three may often be seen in the field of the microscope at the same time. Owing to the entire lack of a recog- nizable character about these eggs on which to refer them to a known nematode group, no name is attached to them here. I may say that the accompanying illustration, which has been made in Dr. N. A. Cobb’s department, is quite true to nature and meets with my approval. REFERENCE MacCatiuy, G, A. 1925. Eggs of a new species of nematoid worm from a shark, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., Wash., vol. 67, art. 16, pp. 1-2, pl. 1, figs. 1-3. O ————————————— NOTES ON CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS By Epwin Linton Zoological Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia The material upon which these notes are based was, for the most part, collected in the region about Woods Hole, Massachusetts, by the late Vinal N. Edwards. Asa rule it was preserved either in formalin or alcohol without the employment of any special killing fluids. Consequently the whole mounts and sectioned material, while as satisfactory as could be expected, do not always reveal as many de- tails of structure as could be desired. It had been hoped that an examination of the fish-eating birds would supply some stages in the life histories of helminth parasites common to birds and fishes. This hope was not realized in the case of the cestode parasites. Following is a list of the parasites considered in these notes with their hosts: PARASITE HOST Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus) —~--~~~- Colymbus holboelli. Podilymbus podiceps. Schistocephalus solidus (O. F. Miller) Podilymbus podiceps. Tetrabothrius cylindraceus (Rudolpht)) 22 a Sterna dougalli. hirundo. Larus argentatus. atricilla. marinus. Tetrabothrius heteroclitus (Diesing)_ Nycticorax nycticoraxr nievius. Puffinus borealis. gravis. griseus. Tetrabothrius macrocephalus (Rudolph) 2. = = yatta tae Colymbus auritus. holboelli. Gavia immer. Tetrabothrius sulcatus, new species__. Fregata magnificens. Ophriocotyle proteus Fries_______-_-~- Larus argentatus. atricilla. No. 2656.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 70, ART. 7. 10582—26——_1 1 2 Dilepis unilateralis (Rudolphi) Choanotaenia parina (Dujardin) Choanotaenia ransomi, new species___ Choanotaenia, species________-__--_--- Hymenolepis anceps, new species____~ Hymenolepis ardeae Fuhrmann______- Hymenolepis coronula Fuhrmann__-__- Hymenolepis ductilis, new species____- Hymenolepis fusus (Krabb)—--_----_- Hymenclepis hamulacanthos new SPeclest u.4.2 6. pak Sb ke a ae Hymenolepis macracanthos (Linstow) — Hymenolepis pachycephala (Linstow) -. Hymenolepis podicipina Szymanski-__-. Hymenolepis rostellata (Abilgaard) __ Hymenolepis tritesticulata Fuhrmann_ Hymenolepis (Weinlandia), species__ Hymenolepis, species_____-------_-_-- Hymenolepis, species_____________--- Rhabdometra similis Ransom___--~--~- Diorchis acuminata Clere___-____-__-. Valipora mutabilis, new species_____- Valipora parvispine, new species____- Dioicocestus fuhrmanni Linton_______ Diploposthe laevis (Bloch) Gyrocoelia milligani, new species_____ Fimbriaria fasciolaris (Pallas) Fimbriaria falciformis, new species____ FOOD PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 70 Butorides virescens. Passer domesticus. Gavia immer, Larus argentatus. atricilla. delawarensis. philadelphia. Larus argentatus. Mergus serrator. Butorides virescens. Glaucionetta clangula americana. Oidemia perspicillata. Larus argentatus. marinus, Larus argentatus. Marila americana. Mergus serrator. Colymbus holboelli. Colymbus auritus. holboelli. Colymbus holboelli. Gavia immer. Fulica americana. Marila marila. Mergus serrator. Oidemia deglandi. perspicillata. Marila marila. Oidemia deglandi. Larus delawarensis, Fulica americana. Coccyzus americanus. Marila americana. Nycticorax nycticoraxr naevius. Gavia immer. Colymbus auritus. holboelli. Marila americana. Crocethia alba. Mergus serrator. Oidemia deglandi. Fulica americana. Clangula hyemalis. Oidemia deglandi. perspicillata. NOTES On account of their possible service in suggesting lines of inquiry ‘ concerning life histories of the cestodes which are described in this paper the following brief summary of food notes is given: ART. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 3 Butorides virescens: July, August, and September.—Small fish (/undulus), on 5 dates; insects, 3 dates. Coccyzus americanus: June.—Stomach of one bird contained 20 caterpillars and frag- ments of beetles. Colymbus auritus: January, February, March, April, November, and December.— Fish (Fundulus, silversides, sculpins), 5 dates; Nereis, 2 dates; shrimp, 1 date. Colymbus holboelli: January, February, March, April, November, and December.— Fish (cunners, sculpins, silversides), 14 dates; Nereis, 3 dates; amphipods, crabs, and shrimp, 1 date. Fulica americana: November.—Mussels, 2 dates. Gavia immer: January, February, April, July, and December.—F ish (cunners, menhaden, sculpins, silversides), 11 dates. Larus argentatus: January, February, March, April, May, June, August, Septem- ber, November, and December.—Fish (alewives, cunners, her- ring, sand eels, sculpins, silversides), 12 dates; crabs, 4 dates; starfish, 2 dates; mussels, 9 dates; garbage, 14 dates. Larus atricilla: April, May, July, August, and September—F ish (pipe fish, pollock, silversides, young herring), 10 dates; insects, 3 dates; small mollusks, 1 date; small crustaceans, 1 date. July 3.—One stomach contained 66 wasps, 1 beetle, and many fragments of insects. July 30.—Approximately 300 isopods (/dotea) and small crabs 4 mm. in breadth, were found in the stomach of one gull. Larus delawarensis: January.—Crabs and gravel. Larus marinus: January.—Crabs, 1 date; mussels, 1 date. April.—F ish (cunners), 1 date. Larus philadelphia: November—Fish (sand eels, silversides), 6 dates; shrimp, 1 date: small crustaceans (Mysis), 1 date (number in vial, 1,670). April—Copepods, 1 date. Marila americana: February.—Mollusks, Ulva, and eel grass, 1 date. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 70 Marila marila: January and February—Small mollusks, on 5 dates; eel grass and Ulva, 1 date. Mergus serrator: January, February, April, and November.—Fish (cunners, pholas, sculpins (eggs), silversides, stickleback, tautog), 18 dates; mussels, 1 date. Nycticorax nycticorax, naevius: May, July, and September.—Fish (/’undulus, silversides, whit- ing, from fish pound), 12 dates. Oidemia deglandi: February, June, July, August, September, October, and Novem- ber—Bivalve mollusks (Mytilus, Venus, Yoldia), 8 dates; gastropod mollusk shells, some containing hermit crabs, 2 dates. October 18.—Two birds examined; one contained 736 (esti- mated) smail clams (Venus), 3 to 7 mm. in length; the other contained 728 (estimated) of the same, 3 to 8 mm. in length. Oidemia perspicillata: February, May, and July.—Small bivalve mollusks, 3 dates; univalve mollusks, 1 date. Podilymbus podiceps: ; November.—Feathers and down, 2 dates. Puffinus borealis: August.—Fish and squid, 1 date. Sterna dougalli: August.—Fish, 1 date. Sterna hirundo: August and November.—Fish (“undulus, silversides), 3 dates; squid, 1 date; insects (Hymenoptera), 1 date. The greater part of the work of the preparation of this report was done at the medical department of the University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia. LIGULA INTESTINALIS (Linnaeus) Figures 1-4 There are considerable differences exhibited by the outlines of the we ends of strobiles. Two types of these are shown in figures 1, 2; the one elongated and sharp-pointed, the other bluntly ‘oundea There is a superficial segmentation of the strobile, but only at the anterior end. Thus in a mounted specimen mlargun ae about 56 mm. in length segments occur only on the anterior 12 mm., where there are 38 distinct proglottides. They cease abruptly, the succeeding part of the strobile being transversely rugose, but without any indi- = sRT. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 5 - eation of proglottides further than is shown by the successive sets of reproductive organs. Rudiments of these may be seen about 3.5 mm. from the anterior end; ova make their appearance 10 mm. or less from the anterior end. At the distance of about 20 mm. from the anterior end the sets of reproductive organs are about 0.15 mm. apart. Toward the posterior end four sets of reproductive organs occupied a length of strobile of only 0.63 mm.; near the posterior end three sets, now represented by egg-masses, took up 0.92 mm. of length. In another strobile three egg clusters occupied a length of 2.10 mm. The anatomy, as revealed by several series of sections, agrees with that given by various authors. A diagrammatic representation of the genitalia reconstructed from a series of transverse sections is given in Figure 4. In a transverse section made 1 mm. from the anterior end the thickness of the cuticle is 0.02 mm., subcuticula 0.14, longitudinal muscle layer 0.11, circular muscle layer 0.11, medulla 0.14. The subcuticula consists of a dense layer of radial fibers with numerous fine longitudinal fibers interspersed. At the edge of the subcuticula, next the layer of longitudinal muscles, there is a layer of nuclei deeply stained, which represents the rudiments of the vitellaria. The longitudinal fibers of the cuticula are in clusters and appear to be very small fascicles of fine longitudinal muscles. The bundles of longitudinal muscles in transverse section are much elongated radi- ally, and the individual fibers are closely crowded and numerous. The layer of circular muscles is here strongly developed, being: of about the same thickness as the longitudinal layer. The medulla is narrow, a little less than one-sixth the thickness of the strobile at this point. The structure of the adult strobile differs from the fore- going principally in the space occupied by the vitellaria, which lies between the subcuticula and the layer of longitudinal muscles. Thus in a transverse section 3.36 by 0.70, at a point where the thickness of the strobile was about 0.60, the thickness of the cuticle was 0.009, the subcuticula 0.07, the vitelline layer 0.07, the longitudinal muscle layer 0.08, the circular muscle layer 0.03, and the thickness of the medulla 0.10. The longer diameter of the testes is dorso-ventral and is about equal to the thickness of the medulla. At this level the fibers of both longitudinal and circular muscles are coarser than they are near the anterior end of the strobile. The medulla is crossed by numerous rather strong dorso-ventral fibers which can be traced across the circular muscles and between the bundles of the longi- tudinal layer. The ova varied in greater diameter from 0.057 to 0.069, and in lesser diameter from 0.036 to 0.042; average of fourteen 0.061 by 0.039. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 70 RECORD OF COLLETIONS Colymbus holboelli, new host: 1910, April 17.—2, flat, thin, tapering to the posterior end, where the breadth was 2 mm.; length of one 72 mm., maximum breadth 6; length of the other 116, maximum breadth 7. Podilymbus podiceps: 1903, November 13.—5, from 40 to 115 mm., in formalin. In all but one the maximum breadth was 4 mm., in one it was 6 mm. (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7859.) SCHISTOCEPHALUS SOLIDUS (0. F. Miiller) Figure 5 A single strobile was found in a lot of cestodes collected by Mr. Edwards November 13, 1903, at Woods Hole from the pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), new host. The specimen was asso- ciated with several strobiles of Ligula intestinalis, and was not recog- nized until after it had been mounted in balsam. It is 60 mm. in length, fusiform, tapering more posteriorly than anteriorly, the greatest breadth being at a point a little in front of the middle. Breadth of scolex and anterior segments, measured on their posterior margins, 1 mm., 1.12, 1.40, 1.96, 2.10, 2.21, 2.49; length from 0.42 to 0.56; number of proglottides in the strobile, 94. Lateral margins of strobile serrate. At the broadest part of the strobile the prog- lottides measured 0.60 mm. in length and 3.64 in breadth. Near the posterior end the proglottides were somewhat crumpled and measure- ments were not satisfactory, but the length and breadth are about equal, and about 1 mm. Rudiments of a cirrus first appear in the eleventh proglottis; a few clusters of cells with somewhat irregular outlines appear in the ninth proglottis and continue for about five proglottides which may represent the testes. In the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth proglottides the cirrus, cirrus-pouch, testes, ovary, vitellaria, and rudiments of the uterus could be seen. In the fifteenth proglottis the uterus was filled with a compact mass of ova, not differing ma- terially in size nor in apparent number of ova from similar masses in the 79 proglottides which succeeded it. This mass of ova in the fifteenth proglottis measured 0.35 mm. in length and 0.56 in breadth. It should be remarked that although the full complement of ova had appeared in the fifteenth proglottis, none had yet been formed in the fourteenth. Ova seen in position to give the maximum section are 0.075 by 0.045; an average of 12 ova taken at random was 0.071 by 0.048. The diameter of the cirrus-pouch was about 0.12. (U.S.N.M., Helm, Coll. 7860.) ART, T CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—-LINTON a Genus TETRABOTHRIUS Rudolphi For synouymy see Ransom’s Taenioid Cestodes of North American Birds, Bull. 69, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1909. Scolex provided with four prominent suckers in dorso-ventral pairs, and with a characteristic cap-like appendage at the anterior end. Proglottides begin near the scolex, and, as a rule, are much broader than long. The genital pores are unilateral, each consisting of a strong muscular cloaca into which the cirrus and vagina open. The cirrus-pouch is small, much smaller than the cloaca, on the inner border of which it lies. The vitelline gland lies in front of the ovary. TETRABOTHRIUS CYLINDRACEUS (Rudolphi) Figures 6-13. Cestodes in the collection from two species of tern and three species of gull, belonging to the genus 7etrabothrius, while exhibit- ing considerable difference in the appearance of the strobiles, agree in so many respects that the best disposal of them seems to be to place them in the same species. Further details are given under each specific host. Differences in the structure of the scoleces were slight, although there were considerable differences in size. The genital pore in adult proglottides was at about the middle of the length, or a little anterior to the middle, and nearly on the margin. The diameter of the cirrus-pouch was nearly the same in all, and the relation between the vagina and cirrus at the point of entry into the cloaca was the same in all. The number of testes, which sur- round the ovary, appeared to be about the same in all. The number of fibers in the bundles of longitudinal muscles did not furnish a reliable specific character, since the number of fibers differs in different regions of the strobile, and in different parts of the same section. In all of the sections there is close agreement in the nature of the longitudinal muscles. In all cases there are two quite distinct layers, an inner layer of relatively large bundles, with 25 fibers, more or less, in each, and an outer layer consisting of a greater number of bundles than are found in the inner layer, but with from 3 to 7 fibers in each. Mature ova were seen only in sections of material from the tern. They were surrounded by thin, membranous envelopes. From Sterna hirundo, new host: Appendage of scolex moderately developed; length of scolex, 0.24; breadth, anterior, 0.24; posterior, 0.32, in balsam. Maximum length of strobile 55 mm.; posterior segments, length 1, breadth 2; margins of strobile rather sharply serrate, except in 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 70 middle portion, where the proglottides are very short with bluntly rounded margins; first distinct segments about 3 mm. back of scolex. The short cirrus opens beside the vagina on a papilla in the muscular genital cloaca. The cirrus-pouch varies slightly in size and shape in different sections. In a series of frontal sections it was about 0.05 mm. in length and 0.04 in diameter. The folds of the vas deferens lie on the dorsal side of the medullary space between the cirrus-pouch and the median line. The exact number of testes was not indicated in whole mounts, but, as seen in sections, appears to be 20 or more. The vagina passes, from its opening beside the cirrus, at first ventrad, then medio-dorsad, enlarging in its course into an elongated seminal receptacle. The ovary, as seen in frontal sec- tions, consists of two lobulate masses symmetrically placed on each side of the median line, where they unite. The vitelline gland is small, lobed, and lies on the median line in front of the ovary and on the ventral side of the medullary space. In a mature but unripe proglottis the vitelline gland was 0.056 mm. in length and 0.056 in breadth; the ovary in the same proglottis measured 0.126 in length and 0.322 in breadth. Rudiments of the uterus were seen leading from the shell gland, and, in proglottides in which ova had begun to appear, the uterus lay on the dorsal side of the ovary; in mature proglottides it is profoundly lobed. Later the lobed condition gives way to a more or less even outline, when the uterus occupies practically all of the medullary space. Ova with six-hooked embryos were seen in the ripe proglottides. They have three membranous envelopes, and are about 0.045 mm. in diameter. In sections of adult, but un- ripe, proglottides the inner longitudinal muscle bundles contain from 12 to 27, or more, fibers; and the outer from 3 to 7, or more. The circular layer, next within the inner longitudinal layer and sur- rounding the medullary space, is rather distinct. The ventral ex- cretory vessels are much larger than the dorsal. This form from the tern has rather more distinct divisions of the strobile into proglottides than is the case with those from the gulls. Indeed there are some suggestions in the anatomy of Fuhr- mann’s species 7’. sarisint, from a tern of New Caledonia. From Larus atricilla: The bothria are long-oval, with rather strong muscular border, the capitate appendage is moderately developed. ‘There is a short, unsegmented neck; the first proglottides are much broader than long, and the margins of the strobile are bluntly serrate. The pro- glottides increase rather uniformly in breadth but very slowly in length. The following dimensions are fairly typical: Length 52 mm.; maximum breadth 2.5; breadth of proglottis 5 mm. back ART. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 9 of scolex 0.16, length 0.07; 10 mm. back, breadth 0.35, length 0.14; 20 mm. back oz scolex, breadth 0.72, length 0.12; 30 mm. back, breadth 1.54, length 0.17; 40 mm. back, breadth 1.90, length 0.17. The anatomy of the proglottides is in close agreement with that already given. From Larus marinus: Material not in good condition, but so far as the anatomy is shown it is in agreement with the foregoing; for example, the diameter of the cirrus-pouch is about 0.045 mm., and details of the structure of the genital cloaca, as shown in sections, agree with what was observed in sections of material from other gulls. From Larus argentatus: The scoleces differ more or less in shape, due to different con- traction conditions, but not so much in size. Thus a considerable number of scoleces mounted in balsam do not vary much from 0.24 mm. in length and breadth. The capitate appendage is mod- erately well developed, although in some of the mounted scoleces it appears to be rather meager. Diameter of cirrus-pouch 0.045 mm. ; number of testes about 22; details of structure of genital cloaca, ovary, vitelline gland, musculature, etc., agree with foregoing descriptions. RECORD OF COLLECTIONS Sterna hirundo: 1904, August 3—Anterior end of strobile, length 7.5 mm.; scolex missing. 1912, August 2.—Three fragments, aggregating 35 mm. 1912, August 17.—One, length 135 mm. 1913, September 4.—Two, length 145 and 155 mm. Sterna dougalli: 1904, August 3.—Six fragments of strobile, aggregating 18 mm. Larus atricilla: 1911, September 9.—One scolex and fragments of strobile. 1913, August 4.—One, length 52 mm., and fragment. U.S.N.M., (Helm. Coll. 7861.) 3 mm.; 1, scolex somewhat macerated, length 38 mm. 1915, May 27.—Two, one with scolex; length 55 mm. Larus marinus: 1904, January 19.—Four; dimensions of one: Length 130 mm.; diameter of scolex, anterior 0.45, posterior 0.40; length of scolex 0.40. One strobile in this lot, scolex missing, measured 250 mm. in length and 2.5 in greatest breadth. 1911, January 10.—Strobile and fragments aggregating a length of 220 mm. 1914, April 28.—One. 10582—26——_2 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 70 Larus argentatus: This species was collected at Woods Hole on many dates in all except two months of the year. January.—On seven dates in three different years; few found on any date; in most cases the scoleces were missing; maxi- mum length 40 mm. February.—On eight dates in four different years; largest num- ber found on any date 30; maximum length 100 mm. On one date the record is “ many, 15 with scoleces.” March.—On one date; 3 fragments; maximum length 85 mm.; no scoleces. April.—On six dates in four different years; largest number with scoleces found on any date 7; maximum length 220 mm. May.—On three dates in two different years; largest number found on any date 18; maximum length 150 mm., maximum breadth 3. July—One date; six strobiles with scoleces, and about 12 scoleces with only anterior portion of strobile attached ; numer- ous strobiles without scoleces. September.—One date; eight, four with scoleces; many frag- ments. October.—One date; three strobiles, no scoleces. November.—On four dates in three different years; one on each of three of the dates. On the other date the record is: “ Many strobiles without scoleces; 2 scoleces; breadth of strobile 2 mm.”; maximum length 160. December.—On four dates in three different years; greatest number on any date 4; maximum length 70 mm., breadth 2. TETRABOTHRIUS HETEROCLITUS (Diesing) Figures 14-22 Cestodes of this genus, collected from three species of shearwater, and the night heron, as was the case in cestodes of the same genus from gulls and divers, exhibit much variability in size of strobiles and in the shape of the proglottides. Some diversity also exists in the scoleces. Scolex.—Bothria oval-elliptical, with relatively thick, muscular borders; appendage appearing rather weak, but in well-preserved specimens seen to be fairly well developed. The majority of the scoleces in balsam have a length and breadth of about 0.35 mm. Thus 22 scoleces averaged 0.37 in length and breadth; 12 of the 22 measured 0.35 by 0.385. A few scoleces were seen which were larger; length 0.75, breadth 0.72, and, one much smaller, length and breadth 0.21. — | ART. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS——-LINTON 11 Strobile——The larger strobiles are subcylindrical, with short pro- glottides, beginning near the scolex, and increasing in length and breadth gradually and uniformly, the posterior proglottides about one-fourth as long as broad; lateral margins of strobile bluntly ser- rate. In other and smaller strobiles there is great variety in tne shape of the proglottides. For example, in some the proglottides begin near the scolex as closely set transverse striae, which continue for a short distance; first distinct proglottides closely crowded to- gether, margins of the strobile bluntly serrate. Then the proglottides begin to lengthen rather rapidly, soon becoming as long as broad, with prominent, slightly thickened posterior borders; toward the posterior end they may again become shorter and crowded together. Other proglottides are slender and have distinct proglottides through- out the entire length. The largest specimen in the collection, from P. stricklandi, measures about 100 mm. in length, 2.5 in greatest breadth, and 1.5 in thickness; posterior, ripe proglottides, length 0.6, breadth 2.5. The cirrus is short, and opens on a papilla in the genital cloaca. The cirrus-pouch does not vary greatly from a diameter of 0.045; the largest diameter noted was 0.057, the smallest 0.028 by 0.037. The voluminous vas deferens lies on the dorsal side of the medullary space. The testes surround the ovary and vitelline gland, and rudi- mentary uterus. Their number was not satisfactorily shown, except in young, campanulate proglottides, where there appeared to be from 20 to 25, or more. The vagina opens into the gential cloaca on the ventral side of the cirrus papilla. It is sinuous at first, then expands slightly into an elongated seminal receptacle. The vitelline gland is anterior to the ovary on the dorsal side, and is slightly lobed.. The ovary is profoundly lobed. The uterus, in ripening proglottides, is lobed, the lobes becoming less distinct as the proglottides grow older. The number of fibers in the muscular bundles is variable. Thus in the section of a ripe proglottis, breadth 1.33, thickness 0.91, the maxi- mum number of fibers in the inner bundles was about 22, in the outer 12. In another, the number of fibers in the inner bundles varied from 6 to 22, in the outer from 3 to 8. In another the maximum num- ber of fibers in the inner bundles was 16, more or less, in the outer 12, more or less. The outer layer becomes subcuticular for a short dis- tance at the anterior end of the proglottis. RECORD OF COLLECTIONS Puffinus borealis, new host: 1906, June 11.—Four birds examined by Mr. Edwards, who re- corded: “ Worms very numerous.” There is a considerable variety in size in this lot. Some very small moniliform stro- biles were noted, which subsequent examination showed to be 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 70 constricted rather uniformly near the scolex, several incipient proglottides being included in the bead-like portion included between two adjacent constrictions. 1913, August 5.—Five strobiles, 3 with scoleces, about 30 mm. in length and 1 mm. in breadth; also 3 very small scoleces and fragments of both larger and smaller strobiles. U.S. N.M., Helm, Coll. 7862. Puffinus gravis, new host: 1904, October 31.—Kight strobiles with scoleces, and about 25 without scoleces; maximum length, in alcohol, 70 mm. Puffinus griseus, new host: 1906, June 8.—Six birds examined by Mr. Edwards; few ces- todes; great difference in size, but most of them large. Di- mensions of one, in formalin: Length 80 mm.; greatest breadth 2.5, thickness 1.5. 1906, June 11.—Six birds examined; cestodes of smaller size than those collected on June 8. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius, new host: 1913, July 5.—One small strobile, macerated, and a few frag- ments, longest 16 mm. 1913, July 5.—One small strobile, macerated, and a few frag- ments, longest 16 mm.. Transverse sections were made of the largest fragments. In details of structure of the genital cloaca, cirrus, cirrus- pouch, and vagina, which are satisfactorily shown in the sec- tions, likewise in the musculature, there appears to be exact agreement with corresponding features in the shearwater material. The walls of the excretory vessels are thick, as in the species from the shearwater, and contain conspicuous lon- gitudinal fibers. The latter do not appear in sections of shearwater material. The difference in this respect may be due to the somewhat macerated condition of the material from the night heron. An average of ten cirrus-pouches gives the dimensions: 0.045 by 0.055 mm.; the smallest 0.041 by 0.054, and the largest 0.054 by 0.054. The maximum number of muscle fibers appears to be about 20 in the inner bundles and 7 in the outer. The uterus is lobed. The proglottides sectioned were about 0.08 mm. in length and 1.26 mm. in breadth. 1913, August 5.—Fragments of strobile, longest 40 mm., no scolex. ART. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—-LINTON 13 TETRABOTHRIUS MACROCEPHALUS (Rudelphi) Figures 23-31 Scolex.—There is a great variety of size and form; bothria oval- elliptical; anterior appendage prominent in larger scoleces, less prominent in smaller scoleces. Strobile—The larger strobiles are robust, thickish, neck sub- cylindrical; proglottides begin a short distance back of scolex, at first very short, increasing in length very slowly, much crowded, very much broader than long; ripe proglottides may become half as long as broad. Younger strobiles somewhat cylindrical, proglot- tides at first crowded, much broader than long, becoming nearly as long as broad. In all cases the margins of the strobiles are more or less serrate. In some of the longer strobiles the adult and ripe proglottides are somewhat campanulate. These are less robust than the majority of the longer strobiles, the proglottides are less crowded and of greater relative length. The scoleces in these two forms agree in details of structure. The muscular genital cloaca is situ- ated near the margin at about the middle of the length of the proglottis. The cirrus opens on a small papilla, at the base of which is the opening of the vagina. The cirrus-pouch is at the median border of the genital cloaca. The cirrus is short and smooth; the rather voluminous vas deferens lies on the dorsal side of the medul- lary space, in some cases extending from the cirrus-pouch nearly to the median line; in one case it was observed to surround the dorsal excretory vessel. The exact number of testes is difficult to determine. They are rather numerous, as many as 20 appearing in the same transverse section, and representing from 35 to 40 or more in the proglottis. In a whole mount the number of testes, in a proglottis measuring 0.28 mm. in length and 0.56 in breadth, was estimated to be about 40. The diameter of the cirrus-pouch is about 0.075 mm. The vagina lies on the ventral side of the cirrus-pouch, is at first slender and more or less sinuous. It passes mediad near the ventral excretory vessel, enlarges, and continues mediad on the ventral side of the vas deferans to the border of the small, lobed vitelline gland, where it turns abruptly ventrad. ‘The vitelline gland lies at the median line towards the anterior end of the proglottis, in front of the lobed ovary. The uterus, in ripening proglottides, is much lobed, the lobes tending to become obscure, or to disappear entirely in the older proglottides, which are filled with ova. Diam- eter of ova about 0.045 mm. The ventral excretory vessels are much larger than the dorsal, oval in section, the dorso-ventral diameter the greater, and, in a few series of sections, relatively large transverse vessels were shown at the posterior ends of the proglottides connect- ing the ventral vessels. In the scolex the vessels are abundantly distributed in the axial region, and at the lateral margins between 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. TV the two bothria, which, lying back to back, constitute a lateral pair. These lateral vessels form close spirals near the base of the scolex, where they are joined by the axial vessels to continue in the strobile as the dorsal and ventral lateral vessels. There are two layers of longitudinal muscles, arranged in bundles, the outer layer consisting of many small bundles each containing few fibers, the inner layer consisting of fewer and larger bundles. In proglottides in which the uterus was rudimentary the outer bundles contained a maximum of about 30 fibers, the outer bundles about 7. In proglottides in which the uterus was well advanced, the inner bundles contained a maximum of about 20 fibers, the outer about 5. At the base of the scolex there is but a single layer of longitudinal muscles, which is separated from the cuticle by a granular layer containing many radial fibers. Near the scolex the layer of circular fibers, which encloses the medullary space, is conspicuous. It becomes less so in older portions of the strobile. Longitudinal sections give no indication of the formation of free proglottides. A tendency to separate from the strobile was observed only in the case of the slender variety. RECORD OF COLLECTIONS Gavia immer: (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7863.), 1906, January 8.—Two loons examined; 12 tape worms in one, 30 in the other. 1911, July 1.—Fourteen large, with adult, loose proglottides, feneth 125 mm.; 6 small, also with loosening proglottides, length 10; 1, length 30. 1911, July 22.—Twenty-one large and small, with fragments; maximum length 100 mm., in alcohol. 1911, July 24—One hundred and forty-seven scoleces and 77 strobiles and fragments without scoleces. There were two varieties, one relatively thick, much longer and larger than the other, which is slender and filiform. One of the larger measured 125 mm. when straightened in a dish and fixed in corrosive acetic. One of the smaller, slender strobiles meas- ured 30, and another 45 mm. in length. There were interme- diate forms, so that it would appear that these seemingly dif- ferent forms simply represent different ages of strobiles of the same species. There is not a corresponding difference in the size of the scoleces. 1911, September 1—About 20. 1913, January 1—Twenty-three with scoleces; the largest stro- bile noted was 100 mm. in length, and 2.5 in greatest breadth, in formalin; scoleces large, length 1.12, breadth 0.84; ova with six-hooked embryos. ART. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON r 1918, February 13.—Sixteen with scoleces, all about the same size, length 68 mm., maximum breadth 2; ripe proglottides on practically all. 1913, February 15.—Thirty-one with scoleces, largest, length 80 mm., maximum breadth 2, smallest, length 30 mm., but with ripe proglottides. 1913, April 28.—F ive with scoleces, longest 58 mm. 1913, December 31.—Fifty-six, largest, length 140 mm., maxi- mum breadth 4; a small strobile, length 11, breadth 0.7. 1914, February 21.—Mass of strobiles, not disentangled and counted, but doubtless as many as noted on the label, 120. Two removed measured 178 and 200 mm. respectively; all appeared to be large, maximum breadth 4 mm. 1914, December 12.—Ten with scoleces, and a few fragments, longest 84 mm. 1914, December 26.—Seven strobiles, no scoleces; length 100 mm. 1915, July 7—Thirty-one with scoleces. 1915, August 11—Very numerous. 1917, January 26.—Seven with scoleces, and many fragments; longest about 55 mm.; 4 small, with apparently nearly mature proglottides. 1917, February 6.—Two with scoleces, and fragments aggregat- ing a length of 1,200 mm.; 1 small strobile with scolex. Colymbus auritus: 1904, March 3.—Two with scoleces, 12 and 54 mm. in length, respectively ; maximum breadth 3.2. 1912, February 8.—Two strobiles with scoleces, 65 and 70 mm. in length, respectively, and fragments aggregating 315 mm. 1914, April 16—Four scoleces; longest strobile 40 mm., maxi- mum breadth 2. 1917, February 20.—Three strobiles with scoleces, and one frag- ment. Colymbus holboelli, New host: 1905, December 11.—One and fragments. 1909, January 30.—A few fragments and one scolex. TETRABOTHRIUS SULCATUS, new species Figures 32-39 Scolex.—Squarish, with rather sharp and clear-cut outlines; the overhanging, shelf-like anterior appendage, characteristic of the genus, well developed on the margins, but less prominent in dorso- ventral aspects; length and breadth each about 0.35 mm. Strobile—The unsegmented portion has a tendency to narrow a short distance back of the scolex. The strobiles are slender and 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 70 filiform, the longest about 45mm. The segments, as a rule, are much broader than long with a tendency to lengthen towards the middle of the strobile, where the length may become greater than the breadth. The segments are more or less wedge-shape, and are traversed by a deep and apparently permanent groove. The genital pores are situ- ated a little in front of the margin. The cirrus appears to be a little longer than it is in the other species of this genus noted in this paper. The diameter of the cirrus-pouch, in transverse sections of the strobile 0.041, in frontal sections 0.065, in sagittal sections 0.051. The number of testes appears to be about 20. The vagina, opening into the genital cloaca near the cirrus, lies in a gentle curve on the ventral side of the cirrus-pouch and vas deferens. The vitelline gland is slightly, and the ovary strongly, lobed. The uterus in ripe proglottides fills the greater part of the medullary space; immature ova were seen which were oval-elliptical, and 0.04 mm. in the longer diameter. The walls of the excretory vessels are thick, and there is a trans- verse vessel at the posterior end of the proglottides connecting the ventral vessels. The bundles of the inner layer of longitudinal muscles are ellip- tical in section, and are made up of a maximum of about 25 fibers. The outer bundles contain from 8 to 5 fibers each. A specimen mounted in balsam has the following dimensions: Length, 45 mm.; breadth of scolex, 0.34, length, 0.35; breadth of bothrium, 0.14, length, 0.83; breadth of neck, 0.21; distance to first distinct seewment, 1.12; length of first segment, 0.03, breadth, 0.14; length of segment at middle of strobile 0.07, breadth 0.24; posterior segment, length 0.14, breadth 0.84.- The greatest breadth was 0.56, length of segments at that point 0.08. The longest segment was 0.28, its breadth, anterior 0.14, posterior 0.28. RECORD OF COLLECTION Fregata magnificens: 1907, July 8—A number of small cestodes were given me on this date by Dr. John W. Watson, which he had collected a few days before at Bird Key, Tortugas, Florida, from a man-of-war bird. (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7864 (type).) OPHRYOCOTYLE PROTEUS (Fries) Figures 40-44 Scolex.—Short and broad; the so-called rostellum is a broad, terminal sucker with strong, muscular walls, and with a scalloped border which is armed with very numerous, minute spines. These ART. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 17 spines are nearly straight, with abruptly recurved tips, and with strong basal supports; length about 0.004 mm. They are very closely placed—about 20 counted in the space of 0.015 mm.—in a sinuous row following the scalloped border of the rostellum. The suckers are armed with sharp-pointed hooks, most strongly represented on the anterior border, but sparingly placed elsewhere on the sucker ; length 0.008 mm. Diameter of scolex in balsam 0.28. Strobile—The segments begin very close to the scolex, at first much broader than long, with the posterior edge shghtly projecting and rounded at the lateral margins. ‘As the segments lengthen the posterior edges give to the lateral margins a serrate outline. Genital pores irregularly alternate, about the middle, or a little in front of the middle of the lateral margin; cirrus-pouch cylindrical, reaching nearly to the median line. The testes are at the posterior end of the proglottis behind the female genitalia. Their number was not satisfactorily made out, but there appear to be about nine. The vagina lies close behind the cirrus-pouch. It was traced to the median line where it was obscured by the ovary. The ovary is oval, transversely placed a little in front of the middle, and occupies about two-thirds of the breadth of the proglottis. Immediately be- hind it, at the median line, is the vitelline gland which appears in dorso-ventral view to be fusiform. In a proglottis 0.27 mm. in breadth the vitelline gland measured 0.054 by 0.018 mm. in the two principal diameters. Ripe proglottides are as long or longer than broad. The uterus occupies all the medullary space in the ripe proglottides. The ova are nearly circular in outline, with thin, membranous shells; diameter of onchosphere about 0.02 mm. Dimensions of a strobile with ripe proglottides, in balsam: Length 10; breadth of scolex 0.25, length 0.21; diameter of sucker 0.08; breadth of rostellum 0.16; breadth of neck 0.12; length of segment 1 millimeter back of scolex 0.10, breadth 0.15; length of segment 5 millimeters back of scolex 0.32, breadth 0.52; length of segment near posterior end 0.58, breadth 0.35. Dimensions of small strobile: Length 8; breadth of scolex 0.29, length, 0.17; breadth of neck 0.11; length of segment 1 millimeter back of scolex 0.08, breadth 0.52; length of segment near posterior end 0.25, breadth 0.37. RECORD OF COLLECTIONS Larus atricdla, new host: 1914, September 29.—One scolex, and fragments of 2 strobiles; longest 40 mm., in formalin. 1915, May 18.—Twenty-eight short strobiles, from 2 to 4.5 mm. in length, with scoleces. (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7865.) 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 Larus argentatus, new host: 1912, September 4—Three small, longest about 9 mm., in formalin. DILEPIS UNILATERALIS (Rudolphi) Figures 45-51 Scolex—Short and broad; suckers orbicular, directed forward; rostellum short and stout, armed with two circles of hooks, 10 in each circle; length of hooks in anterior circle about 0.033 mm., in posterior circle, about 0.018; hooks with long basal and short ventral roots, blade moderately curved. It is difficult to determine the num- ber and arrangement of the hooks on the retracted rostellum. One scolex was found among the mounted specimens with everted rostel- lum (fig. 46), from which the above details were obtained. Strobile——In most cases this is much narrower than the scolex for a short distance. It then increases in breadth, usually rather quickly, in some cases almost abruptly; nearly linear throughout; breadth of the posterior end of a proglottis greater than the anterior, imparting a more or less serrate outline to the lateral margins; genital pores unilateral, near the anterior end of the proglottis. In many cases the genital pore is at the summit of a papillary pro- jection. The cirrus was seen exerted in only a few instances. It is relatively long and slender, and is armed with minute spines. The cirrus-pouch is elongate, subcylindrical, and reaches to about the median line, its inner end acting as a seminal vesicle. At its base near the median line, and at the anterior end of the proglottis, there is a voluminous vas deferens. The testes are about 10 in number, although 12 were counted in a few proglottides. They are situated behind and along the lateral margins of the ovary. In some adoles- cent proglottides two or three of the testes lay nearly in front of the ovary on the antiporal side. The vagina opens on the ventral side of the cirrus and lies a little posterior to the cirrus-pouch, turning dor- sad in the vicinity of the vas deferens. It has thick, muscular walls, and is surrounded by a layer of what appear to be glandular cells. No seminal receptacle was seen. The ovary is relatively large, is com- posed of two lateral divisions, deeply lobed and united by a trans- verse portion at the median line. The vitelline gland is compact, and situated at the median line dorsal to the ovary. The uterus in ripe proglottides is profoundly lobed, and ultimately occupies the greater part of the interior of the proglottis. The cirrus and vagina pass between the excretory vessels of the poral side. A unique con- dition was noted in the character of the excretory vessels. On the poral side the ventral vessel is the larger, while on the antiporal side the dorsal vessel is the larger. This character was noted in different ART. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—-LINTON 19 series of transverse sections. ‘There are two layers of longitudinal muscles, the outer with the more numerous bundles. The inner circle, as seen in transverse sections, 1s not quite continuous, one or two bundles being lacking in the vicinity of the excretory vessels. In a strobile 8 mm. in length rudiments of genitalia could be seen 0.05 mm. back of the scolex; the full complement of testes was at- tained at a distance of a little less than 2 mm. from the scolex; the adult ovary was noted at about 3 mm. from the scolex; and at about the middle of the strobile, that is about 4 mm. from the scolex, the uterus appeared. At first the uterus consisted of an axial mass of ova, whose contours could not be made out in the whole mounts. From the axial mass lateral diverticula appeared in succeeding proglottides, the uterus soon becoming profoundly lobed. In the last two millimeters of the strobile, comprising about 12 proglottides, the uterus was lobed as shown in figure 49. The ova were rather too closely packed in the uterus of the whole mounts to admit of satisfactory measurement. They appear to have two membranous shells, the diameter of the outer being from 0.024 to 0.03 mm. The following note was made on living material col- lected July 9, 1913: Shells of ova thin and at first collapsed; when placed in fresh water the outer shell became turgid; diameter of outer shell 0.066 mm., of inner shell 0.033, of onchosphere, containing a six-hooked embryo, 0.019. Most of the strobiles in my collection are small, about 8 mm. in length, although a few are longer (see below) and are in close agree- ment with Clere’s description of the species.? Measurements of strobiles mounted in balsam are as follows: Mm. Mm. Mm. Beri Gergen 6 eee as Pak. SF ale A 8. 00 | 15. 00 23. 00 Diameter of scolexe. oe. tet els Mapes py 5 1p 14 . 14 (emethvgr seolex sav ose ee . 06 . 08 ON Diametermotsuckersis. = ose. Se Ae 3 . 05 05 . 06 Diametersomrostellums 1 s— Ss ee ee le ed OO fe Soe (Perec Oi rOn elias ee te Ore aR OBOE ics 20247 |pen jae) MeO e PaO reer NOOKR. bse te ees ie SL ee ORB So aS ibength of smaller hooks... 2.8 "sh be Bomar SOLS AES ee Length of posterior segments. .________.____-_-_-- 2 21k . 30 . 80 Breadth of posterior segments__________________- 42 . 46 . 46 RECORD OF COLLECTIONS From Butorides virescens: 1906, June 20.—Eighteen. 1912, August 14.—Nine from one of two herons, maximum length about 12 mm. (U.S.N.M., Helm Coll. 7866.) 1Centralbl. Bakter, Parasit., vol. 32, pp. 714-715, figs. 3 and 4. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voL. 70 1913, July 9.—Five, no scoleces, maximum length about 12 mm. 1913, August 14.—A few fragments of strobiles, no scoleces. 1914, July 28—Numerous, length of largest less than 10 mm. 1916, July 20.—Numerous, 100 or more, from three herons, most of them about 5 mm. in length scoleces present in a few. CHOANOTAENIA PARINA (Dujardin) Figures 52-53 Three scoleces, and fragments of strobiles aggregating about 200 mm. in length, agree with descriptions of this species. Since there appear to be four strobiles represented in the lot, an average length of 50 mm. is indicated, which is the length recorded by Clerc for this species. The maximum breadth is about 0.8, which is in agree- ment with Clerc’s record. A scolex with rostellum retracted meas- ures 0.24 in breadth; another with rostellum exserted, and some- what distorted, measures 0.16 in breadth; the diameter of a sucker is about 0.10. There are 20 hooks in a single circle, about 0.015 in length. There is a distinct unsegmented, or neck, portion of the stro- bile. The proglottides, at first broader than long, lengthen gradu- ally and ultimately are longer than broad. There is, however, con- siderable variety in the shape of the proglottides, and the different contraction shapes impart much variety in the apparent disposition of the genitalia. The genital pores are irregularly alternate, and open near the anterior third of the margin of the proglottis. The general plan of the genitalia is shown in figure 53. The ventral ex- cretory vessels are conspicuous in most of the proglottides except those which are filled with ova. A typical ovum measured 0.045 by 0.083; diameter of onchosphere 0.03; length of onchosphere hooks 0.018. From Passer domesticus, August 30, 1923. (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7867.) CHOANOTAENIA RANSOMI, new species Figures 54-68 The taenioids referred to this species were collected from several species of gulls, on many widely separated dates, mainly by Vinal N. Edwards, and all from the Woods Hole region; also a few taenioids from the loon appear to belong here. They present a great variety of contraction shapes, but there do not appear to be differences sufficient to justify their assignment to different species. Scolex.—There is little difference in the size and shape of the scoleces; in general it is broader than long. Thus, an average of art. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 21 eight scoleces from Larus atricilla, mounted in balsam, gave a length of 0.22 mm. and a breadth of 0.82. The average diameters of the suckers on these scoleces were, length 0.15, breadth 0.14. As a rule the suckers are nearly circular, the length often approximating that of the scolex, especially when the rostellum is retracted, and the breadth approximately one-half the breadth of the scolex. The rostellum is slender, cylindrical, and slightly enlarged at the apex, which is surmounted by a crown of about 20 hooks. These appear to be arranged in a single circle, but in specimens with the hooks in favorable position for showing the arrangement they may be seen to be in two circles, placed very near together, and with the hooks all practically of the same size. The hooks have long dorsal and short ventral roots and slender, slightly curved blades. Most of the hooks in my mounted material are characterized by having a central air space throughout the greater part of the length. The length of the hook is about 0.038 mm. The sheath of the rostellum is muscular, more or less fusiform, and, when the rostellum is retracted, reaches a little way back of the posterior edge of the suckers. Measurements and further details are given in descriptions of material from the several hosts. Strobile-——The maximum length of formalin specimens is about 140 mm., and the maximum breadth about 2 mm.; a maximum length of 75, and breadth of 1.5 or less, is more usual. The following description of the strobile is based on material from L. atricilla, and is in practical agreement with notes made on material from other gulls. Further details will be found in the records made of material from the several hosts. There is a short neck, which is usually a little narrower than the scolex; measure- ments of the eight strobiles in which the average breadth of the scolex was 0.82 gave the average breadth of the neck 0.29, distance from scolex to first distinct segments 0.56, length of first segments 0.014, breadth 0.23. In most cases near the scolex the segments are much broader than long. They then usually lengthen rather rap- idly so that at a point 2 mm., or less, from the scolex they are as long as, or longer than broad. The proportions of the proglottides may vary considerably in different parts of the strobile. Thus, in a mounted specimen measuring 75 mm. in length, about 1 mm. from the scolex the length of the proglottides was about 0.028, the breadth 0.30; 2 mm. from the scolex, length 0.11, breadth 0.22; 5 mm. from the scolex, length 0.21, breadth, 0.13 at posterior end, 0.11 at anterior end of proglottis; at 30 mm. from the scolex, length 0.52, breadth, anterior 0.18, posterior 0.32; 40 mm. from scolex, length 0.45, breadth 0.50, 50 mm. from scolex, length 0.63, breadth 0.63 (variable, as for examples, the proglottis in front of this, length 0.67, breadth 0.56; a2 vROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 70 the proglottis following, length 0.62 on one margin, 0.35 on the other, breadth 0.74); posterior proglottis, length 0.63, breadth 0.80. In a lot of small strobiles, 5 to 7 mm. in length, one had the following dimensions: Length 7; 1 mm. back of scolex, length of proglottis 0.05, breadth 0.28; 2 mm. back of scolex, length 0.10, breadth 0.28; 5 mm. back of scolex, length 0.11, breadth 0.52; 1 mm. from posterior end, length 0.13, breadth 0.57; posterior proglottis, length 0.24, breadth 0.32. The genital apertures are irregularly alternate near the anterior end of the margin of the proglottis. The walls of the genital cloaca are thick and muscular; cirrus-pouch slender, cylin- drical; cirrus not clearly shown in my preparations. What appear to be loops of the vas deferens occupy the inner two-thirds of the length of the cirrus-pouch. There is a voluminous vas deferens, its folds lying on the dorsal side of the cirrus-pouch, and between its inner end and the median line. There is no seminal vesicle. The testes lie posterior to the female genitalia. Their exact number was not determined. About 12 was the greatest number observed in transverse sections of about 0.015 mm. thickness. The number is probably about 20. The vagina opens into the genital cloaca posterior to the cirrus. It follows a sinuous course to the median line where it terminates in a subglobular seminal receptacle about on a level with the genital pore. The vitelline gland is bluntly lobed, situated at the median line a little posterior and ventral to the seminal vesicle. In a transverse section, 0.56 by 0.50 mm. in the two principal diameters, the vitelline gland measures 0.098 by 0.056. The ovary is profoundly lobed, its divisions being in general pyri- form. It lies in front of the vitelline gland, and is nearly sym- metrical with respect to the median line; its breadth approximately two-thirds the breadth of a mature proglottis. The uterus is at first sacculate. In ripe proglottides the entire medullary space is filled with ova. The ventral excretory vessels are much larger than the dorsal, and are connected by a transverse vessel at the posterior end of the proglottides. The cirrus-pouch and vagina pass between the poral pair of excretory vessels. There are two layers of strong longitudinal muscles, but circular muscles were not seen in any of the sections. Following are notes on material referred to this species from other species of gulls: From the herring gull (Larus argentatus) : The average breadth of 12 scoleces mounted in balsam, is 0.42, minimum 0.35, maximum 0.52; average diameter of sucker 0.18, min- imum 0.17, maximum 0.22; length of hooks 0.036; number of hooks about 20. An everted rostellum measured 0.21 mm. in length, same as the length of the scolex, diameter at base 0.06, behind hooks 0.04, art. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 23 at apex, including hooks, 0.09. In lateral view the scolex may appear decidedly broader than the neck, and bluntly sagittate. In dorso- ventral view the anterior end is bluntly rounded and the posterior end merges into the strobile, which is smooth for a short distance, often as broad as the scolex, in some cases a little broader, in others a little narrower, but almost invariably narrowing as proglottides make their appearance. Segments appear in specimens mounted in balsam about 0.28 mm. back of the scolex. As the proglottides de- velop they tend to produce serrate margins on the strobile. Usually they soon become squarish, then longer than broad, and more or less campanulate, again shortening until they are broader than long, and ultimately they may again become as long as broad. The cirrus- pouch, as it appeared in a series of transverse sections was slightly pyriform, measuring 0.08 mm. in length, and 0.04 in diameter in a section 0.38 by 0.28. In these sections the vagina was seen to be flexed in one or two sinuous folds. The cirrus-pouch and vagina lie between the dorsal and ventral excretory vessels, and dorsal to the lateral nerve. Diameters of section of ventral excretory vessel 0.024 by 0.033, of dorsal vessel 0.009 by 0.012. Diameter of ovum, outer shell 0.072 by 0.065, inner 0.048 by 0.036, onchosphere 0.032 by 0.02, length of embryonic hooks 0.015. From the black-backed gull (Zarus marinus) : The scoleces of the two specimens from this host agree in all essential characters with those from Z. atricilla. The lateral mar- gins of one of the strobiles are serrate, the usual condition, those of the other are somewhat crenulate. The latter strobile is stouter than the other, and the proglottides were not mature. A similar differ- ence was noted in strobiles from the herring gull. A diagram of the female genitalia, as interpreted from a series of transverse sections, is shown in figure 68. Dimensions of the larger strobile in balsam: Length 40 mm.; diameter of scolex 0.33, of sucker 0.16; length of hooks 0.03; breadth of neck 0.35; distance to first segment approxi- mately 0.28, length approximately 0.01, breadth 0.32; length of last proglottis 0.32; breadth 0.45. Length of smaller strobile 30; diam- eter of scolex 0.32, of sucker 0.15; breadth of neck 0.28; length of hooks 0.03; length of last proglottis 0.17, breadth 0.90. From the Bonaparte gull (Larus philadelphia) : The average diameter of five scoleces, in balsam, is 0.35 mm., of suckers, 0.18; number of hooks about 20, length 0.038. As in the strobiles from the other gulls, there is much diversity of shape. In some the progloitides are closely crowded at first and much broader than long throughout. In others the proglottides begin to lengthen near the scolex, and have a tendency to become more or less campanulate. There are intermediate forms, both of larger 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 70 and smaller strobiles. In most cases the lateral] margins are rather sharply serrate. In ripe proglottides the uterus occupies practi- cally the entire interior. From ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis) : One strobile, scolex, and anterior end missing, agrees in all essen- tials with those from other gulls. Among the strobiles from Larus philadelphia referred to this species are two, scoleces missing, which may belong to a different species. They are characterized by having the ripe proglottides longer than broad, and attached by a slender anterior pedicel, thus giving a moniliform aspect to the chain (fig. 68). The genital pores, which are irregularly alternate, instead of being near the an- terior end of the strobile, are farther back, although still in front of the middle of the margin. The genitalia are but imperfectly shown. The vas deferens could be traced from a point near the median line to the cirrus-pouch. It lies in more or less tangled coils, of which the more median are the larger, tapering to a slender thread at the cirrus-pouch. The cirrus-pouch is oval-elliptical, thin walled, and contains a few loops of the vas deferens. The relative position of the ovary, vitelline gland, and testes, so far as could be made out, agrees with that of the other strobiles. Dimensions of larger stro- bile, in balsam: Length 25 mm.; breadth at anterior end 0.25; distance to first distinct segment about 0.42; length of first segment, approximately 0.02, breadth 0.31; ripe segments 20 mm. from anterior end, length 1, breadth 0.7; last segment, length 1.12, breadth 0.66. RECORD OF COLLECTIONS All from Woods Hole region; collections in all months, except July and August, made by Vinal N. Edwards. Larus argentatus: 1903, November 16.—Two strobiles and six fragments. 1903, November 21.—Two with scoleces. 1904, December 3.—One, length, in formalin, 24.5. 1906, February 6.—One, scolex missing. 1906, February 12—A few fragments, no scoleces. 1907, February 28.—Few, number not recorded; no scolex. 1912, February 19.—One. 1912, November 13.—Fragments, longest 34 mm., no scolex. 1913, January 8.—Many fragments, 14 scoleces. 1913, April 28.—Few fragments, 2 scoleces. 1913, November 17.—One, length 70 mm. 1913, December 31.—One strobile with scolex, length 1380 mm. art. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 25 1914, April 29.—Large number, 61 with scoleces; maximum length 34 mm., all immature. 1914, December 23.—Fragments representing about six strobiles, no scoleces. 1914, December 26.—Eleven strobiles, longest 185 mm., greatest breadth 1 mm., no scoleces. 1914, December 30.—F our. fragments, no scoleces. 1915, September 1—Three strobiles, and fragments, longest 90 mm., maximum breadth 1.12; one scolex; diameter of ovum 0.063, of onchosphere 0.039; length of embryonic hooks 0.014. 1915, October 5.—Twenty-six, longest with scolex 50 mm. 1915, November 1.—One, length 7 mm. 1916, March 9.—Three, lengths 7, 12, and 50 mm. 1916, December 19.—Three, short, rather plump, longest 15 mm. 1919, January 27.—F ive, 10 to 72 mm. in length; no scoleces. Larus atricilla: 1908, August 27.—Four with scoleces; ripe proglottides contain- ing ova with six-hooked embryos. 1911, July 21—Fragments representing four strobiles, longest about 100 mm.; one scolex. U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7869 (paratypes). 1913, April 23.—Five with scoleces, many fragments, longest about 50 mm.; breadth 1 mm. 1918, April 29.—One, scolex missing. 1913, July 3.—One, scolex missing. 1918, August 5.—Nine with, and four without scoleces; all short and somewhat clavate; maximum length 9 mm. 1914, July 30.—Four with scoleces and several fragments, maxi- mum length 75 mm. (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7868.) (Type.) 1915, August 13.—Two fragments 7 and 40 mm. in length; maxi- mum breadth 2; no scolex. 1916, October 7—Many fragments, longest 20 mm., maximum breadth 1; no scolex. 1916, October 28.—One, length 48 mm.; maximum breadth 0.6. Larus delawarensis: 1914, January 24.—One, length 48 mm.; scolex missing. Larus marinus: 1904, January 19.—About seven strobiles, not all with scoleces; maximum length 60 mm. Larus philadelphia: 1906, November 16.—Two gulls examined, 15 worms found in older, none in younger. 1906, November 25.—One hundred and seventy strobiles from two gulls. 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 70 1912, November 15.—Seven gulls examined; 35 strobiles, and fragments from two birds; longest strobile noted 72 mm. 1912, November 20.—F our gulls examined; seven strobiles, two with scoleces, from one bird. 1912, December 21.—Eight gulls examined; four strobiles with scoleces, and a few fragments. 1913, April 3—Eight gulls examined; nine strobiles with scoleces, and eight fragments from two birds; maximum length about 62 mm. Gavia immer: 1915, August 11—Few. This species from the loon appears to be identical with that from the gulls, and is therefore recorded under (’. ransomi. The diameter of scoleces in balsam is from 0.35 to 41 mm.; diameter of sucker about 0.18; length of hooks about 0.032. The arrangement of the hooks of the rostellum, as in those from gulls, is difficult to interpret. In most views there appears to be a single circle of hooks, but in favor- able position they are seen to be as shown in figure 59; that is, in two very closely placed circles. The hooks are all of practically the saime length. CHOANOTAENIA, species Figures 69, 70 A scolex found on a slide along with several strobiles of Hymeno- lepis ductilis from Larus argentatus differs from other species in the collection. The size and shape of the hooks suggest C. porosa, although the number appears to be 12, instead of 14, the number given for that species. (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7870.) The scolex is broader than long, and the suckers have strong, muscular borders. The rostellum is retracted but is clearly shown. It is slender with thickish, muscular walls, and appears, as it lies in its sheath, as a rigid, pestle-shaped structure, with a bulbous enlargement at the anterior end, whose diameter is about equal to the length of the hooks. From this anterior hook-bearing end it tapers to a bluntly rounded posterior end. This slender, tapering portion, beginning at the level of the anterior borders of the suckers, extends for a distance equal to half of its length back of the posterior bor- ders of the suckers. Breadth of scolex 0.40 mm.; diameter of sucker 0.18; length of hooks 0.105; length of rostellum 0.42; distance to first segments 0.28; length of first segments 0.01; breadth 0.28. The neck is of about the same breadth as the scolex. About 0.25 mm. behind the scolex the strobile narrows, and the last segments, which are 0.84 mm. back of the scolex, have a length of 0.07 and a breadth — of 0.25. ant. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON Di HYMENOLEPIS ANCEPS, new species Figures 71-78 Scolex.—Bluntly rounded or pyramidal, suckers directed forward ; rostellum not seen exserted, but evidently short; hooks in a single circle, about 18, length about 0.012 mm., strongly recurved, dorsal root short, ventral root about as long as the recurved blade. Strobile—Segments begin a short distance back of the scolex, at first much crowded, breadth many times the length, increasing in length and breadth gradually, but remaining much broader than long. There are two types of strobiles. In one the anterior seg- ments are exceedingly short, with rounded margins, imparting a finely crenulated margin to the strobile, breadth much greater than the length; for example, breadth 0.28 mm., length 0.014 (fig. 74). In the other type the segments soon become well defined with the breadth of the posterior end greater than the anterior, giving a sharply serrate lateral margin to the strobile; for example, breadth 0.21 mm., length 0.028 (fig. 73); maximum breadth about 3 mm. Genital pores unilateral, about middle of margin, or a little in front of middle; cirrus short, unarmed; cirrus-pouch long oval- elliptical, with rather thin wall. In an adult, unripe proglottis 0.24 mm. in length and 1.92 in breadth the cirrus-pouch measured 0.28 in length and 0.056 in diameter. The inner two-thirds, or more, of the cirrus-pouch functions as a seminal vesicle. The folds of the vas deferens at the base of the cirrus-pouch are voluminous but were not seen to expand into an inner seminal vesicle. Testes three, lobed, two of them close together on the antiporal side of the median line, one on the poral side (fig. 75). The vagina opens on the ventral side of the cirrus; at first a slender tube lying on the ventral side of the cirrus-pouch, it expands into a large seminal receptacle which persists after the uterus has developed (fig. 76). The ovary is small, lobed, situated on the median line. The vitelline gland is compact, three-lobed, when fully developed, on the median line dorsal to the ovary. The uterus is irregularly lobed and extends from margin to margin in the ripe proglottides (fig. 76). The dorsal and ventral vessels of each pair of lateral excretory vessels lie near together, the ventral being much larger than the dorsal, and the cirrus and vagina pass dorsad of the poral pair. The longi- tudinal muscles are strongly developed, and lie in two circles, an outer continuous and an inner discontinuous layer (fig. 77). The following measurements were made of specimens mounted in balsam: Breadth of scolex from 0.13 to 0.16 mm.; diameter of suckers 0.075; length of hooks about 0.012. No complete strobile was mounted. In one measuring 54 mm. the length of the posterior proglottis was 0.24, the breadth 1.92. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 70 RECORD OF COLLECTIONS (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7871.) (Type.) From Mergus serrator: 1913, April 1—One, scolex missing, length 75 mm., maximum breadth 2.5. 1913, April 15.—Fragments of strobiles, aggregating 165 mm., longest 75, maximum breadth 3.75. 1914, February 24.—About 30, half of them with scoleces. Inone strobile, measuring 180 mm. in length, the maximum breadth was 2.25, and the diameter of the scolex was 0.21; in another, measuring 295 mm. in length, the maximum breadth was 3, and the diameter of the scolex 0.22. 1914, February 28.—Twelve with scoleces, and an equal number of fragments; longest 153 mm., maximum breadth 4 mm. HYMENOLEPIS ARDEAE (Fuhrmann) Figures 79-88 Scolex.—Short, broad, rounded in front; suckers circular, directed forward; rostellum with single circle of 10 hooks, long dorsal and short ventral roots, length about 0.033 mm. Diameter of scolex, in balsam, 0.35 mm., of sucker 0.08 to 0.09 mm. Strobile—Segments begin a short distance back of the scolex, much broader than long throughout, flaring at basal border forming a bluntly serrate outline on the lateral margins; genital pores uni- lateral, near anterior end of the proglottis; length 125 mm., breadth 3 mm. or more. Male genitalia—Cirrus short, cylindrical, bluntly tapering at apex, thickly beset with short, slender spines; length of cirrus about 0.090, diameter 0.045, length of spines 0.007 mm. The cirrus-pouch in un- ripe proglottides is subcylindrical, its inner end functioning as a seminal vesicle, length 0.28, diameter 0.07 mm.; in ripe proglottides only the outer portion, into which the cirrus can be retracted, remains, length 0.25, diameter 0.12 mm. A short vas deferens leads to an inner, oval-elliptical seminal vesicle. The testes are three in number, comparatively small, and lie side by side at the same level, a little to the poral side of the median line. The inner seminal vesicle is contiguous with the lateral margin of the lateral testis. Female genitalia—The vagina opens on the ventral side of the cirrus. It is a thin-walled, slender tube, except near the external opening, where the walls are somewhat thickened. Its course is parallel to the cirrus-pouch, near the ventral side of which it hes, on the dorsal side of the excretory vessels. On the dorsal side of the ovary and near the shell gland it ends in a small oval-elliptical semi- ART. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 29 nal receptacle. The ovary is small, lobed, and is symmetrically placed with respect to the median line, on the ventral side of the proglottis. The vitelline gland is small, situated at the median line, dorsal to the posterior border of the ovary, and ventral to the shell gland. The uterus in ripe proglottides occupies practically all of the medullary space inside the layer of longitudinal muscles. In one series of transverse sections the ova were aggregated in the lateral regions (fig. 83). The longitudinal muscles are represented by two layers, an outer of smaller, and an inner of larger bundles. These were not studied in detail, but in one section the larger bundles were found to contain from 20 to 40 fibers, and the smaller from 10 to 20. In transverse sections these bundles of fibers are usually oblong-elliptical in out- line with the longer diameter radial. The marginal excretory vessels le close together, the ventral being much larger than the dorsal. The poral pair lie on the ventral side of the cirrus and vagina. In figure 83 it is seen that the ventral excretory vessel persists in the ripe proglottis, lying in the lumen of the uterus. Diameter of ova about 0.027 by 0.021 mm. RECORD OF COLLECTIONS From Butorides virescens: (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7872.) 1887, July 29.—One, length 102 mm., breadth 2.2. 1913, July 9—Two, each about 100 mm., maximum breadth 5 mm. 1913, July 12.—One, length 125; three fragmenis. 1916, July 20.—One, length 85 mm., in intestine of one of three herons. HYMENOLEPIS CORONULA (Dujardin) Figures 89-93 Scolex.—Short, bluntly rounded in front, with suckers directed forward (in scoleces with rostellum retracted); rostellum short; hooks about 20, in a single circle, strongly recurved, length about 0.01 mm. Diameter of scolex 0.15, of suckers 0.07, of circle of hooks 0.03. Strobile—Neck at first usually as broad, or broader than the scolex, narrowing slightly a short distance behind the scolex; first segments about 0.5 mm. from the scolex. The proglottides are very short and crowded even in the longer strobiles. The last proglottis in the smaller mounted strobiles is narrower and longer than the 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 70 preceding proglottides. The strobiles are throughout their length thick and robust. The genital pores are unilateral, the cirrus, so far as could be made out, is rather short and smooth; the inner two- thirds, or more, of the cirrus-pouch is cylindrical and acts as a seminal vesicle. It is connected by a slender vas deferens with an elongated and capacious inner seminal vesicle. The testes are three in number, relatively large and he near together in the median region. In sections of younger portions of the strobile the two anti-poral testes touch each other, and the poral testis lies very close to its anti-poral neighbor. Sections made farther back, where the female genitalia are developing, show a greater space between the poral and the.nearer anti-poral testis, but the testes remain com- paratively close together. ‘The ovary is relatively small and lobed; the vitelline gland still smaller, compact, and situated on the ventral side of the ovary. The vagina is seen in transverse sections to lie along the ventral side of the cirrus-pouch. For a short distance it is thick-walled then it becomes thin-walled and slender for a dis- tance approximately equal to the length of the cirrus-pouch, when it expands into an elongated, more or less sinuous seminal receptacle. The cirrus-pouch and vagina pass dorsally to the excretory vessels. The excretory vessels lie close together, the ventral much larger than the dorsal, and both are thrown into close spirals. The uterus, | as seen in transverse sections, appears to be tubular, and probably lobed. Portions of it appear in the mid dorsal region extending lateral to the excretory vessels nearly to the lateral limits of the medullary area, and in the medullary area on the anti-poral side of the ovary. The uterus in these sections does not contain ova, but is filled with germ cells intermixed with yolk granules. There are two layers of longitudinal muscle fascicles. The outer layer is con- tinuous, the inner interrupted, and represented by about 8 dorsal and 8 ventral fascicles in the median region, and by one or two fascicles, dorsal and ventral, in the vicinity of the excretory vessels. The strobiles are too thick for satisfactory study as whole mounts. In thick frontal sections of adult proglottides the small, lobed ovaries, and compact vitelline glands along the median line, the capacious seminal vesicles and seminal receptacles on the poral side of the median line, and the close spirals of the ventral excretory ves- sels are the most conspicuous objects. Both the seminal vesicles and seminal receptacles were filled with spermatozoa. The testes, while plainly seen, are not so conspicuous as the ovary and seminal vessels. Maximum length of strobile 128 mm:; maximum breadth 2 mm. The above description was based on material from Oidemia per- spicillata. Following are notes on strobiles, scoleces missing, from Glaucionetta clangula americana. ART. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 3l This material comprises a number of fragments of strobiles, rep- resenting two individual chains, 33 and 52 mm. in length, respec- tively. A characteristic of these strobiles is the variety of shapes which the proglottides have assumed in different regions. Thus, in one strobile, the anterior portion for about 9 mm. consists of proglot- tides which are at first distinct and somewhat wedge-shape, length 0.25 mm., breadth 0.35. These are followed by proglottides 0.28 in length and 0.42 in breadth. At the posterior end of this 9 mm. portion the length of the proglottides has decreased to 0.18 and the breadth increased to 0.63. At this point the character of the proglot- tides changes abruptly. For a distance of 3 mm. the proglottides are closely crowded, the length being about 0.06 and the breadth 1.12. Beyond this thickened portion the proglottides again become wedge-shape, length 0.35, breadth at anterior end of proglottis 0.56, at posterior end 0.75. This condition is maintained for about 8 mm. The remainder of the strobile is made up of proglottides which become broader and shorter. At about the fourth proglottis from the posterior end the length is 0.28, the breadth 1.54. Genitalia begin near the anterior end. The cirrus-pouch and testes show dis- tinctly in the proglottides, which immediately precede the thickened portion. The latter is rather opaque, the testes and rudiments of the female genitalia are crowded into a laterally elongated mass which occupies the middle third of the breadth of the proglottis. In the first distinct segments behind the thickened portion the testes are much larger than they are where last seen in front of the thickened portion. While in the last segment in front of the thickened portion the diameter of a testis is barely 0.07 mm., the diameter of a testis in the first distinct segment back of the thickened portion is 0.15 mm. Moreover, the ovary and vitelline gland, which were not distinguish- able in front of the thickened portion, are clearly shown in the proglottides which succeed the thickened portion. The ovary in- creases in size and becomes more lobed in succeeding proglottides. The posterior proglottides are again much crowded, and the anatomy is difficult to interpret. Essentially the same characters are shown in the other strobile. In maturing proglottides the ovary increases in size and in number of lobes, while the testes decrease in mass, and what seems to be a relatively spacious seminal vesicle appears poste- rior to the median end of the cirrus-pouch. The genital pores are unilateral. The cirrus-pouch is long-pyriform, largest at its inner end. In younger segments its inner end is near the anterior border not far from the median line. Thence it passes posterio-laterad to the mar- gin, where it opens at the genital cloaca, a little in front of the middle of the length of the segment. The testes are three in number and lie near together at the middle portion of the posterior end of the 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 70 segment. The length of the cirrus-pouch is about 0.35 mm. and its diameter, maximum, 0.07. The cirri were retracted. They appear to be smooth. The vas deferens is straight with rather rigid walls from a point a little mediad of the middle of the length of the cirrus- pouch to its lateral extremity, where it opens into the genital cloaca near the entrance of the vagina. The cirrus could not be made out, but it appears to be represented by a recess in the anterior wall of the genital cloaca (fig. 93) corresponding to Wolfthiigel’s figure.’ RECORD OF COLLECTIONS Oidemia perspicillata, new host: 1913, May 8—Six larger, length about 128 mm., breadth 2; 6 smaller, length from 15 to 25 mm. _ (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 1873.) Glaucionetta clangula americana, new host: 1914, December 28.—T wo strobiles, 33 and 52 mm. in length, no scoleces. HYMENOLEPIS DUCTILIS, new species Figures 94-101 Certain small, slender taenioids from the herring gull, suggesting H. microsoma (Creplin), but differing from that species in the smaller size and the shape of the hooks, in the smaller and less lobed ovary, and the more slender cirrus-pouch, are here referred to a new species. Scolex.—Somewhat pyramidal, breadth, in balsam, about 0.2 mm.; | suckers oval-elliptical, a little longer than broad, for example, length 0.12, breadth 0.10, average diameter in balsam 0.11; rostellum much longer than scolex, slender with single crown of hooks, 10 in num- ber, length about 0.039, rather slender, ventral root short, dorsal root long and slightly curved at the tip, blade much shorter than ventral root. Strobile-——Small, slender; neck short, segments at first very short, increasing in length and breadth slowly, but throughout much broader than long. Thus, the posterior, ripe proglottides in a strobile mounted in balsam, measured 0.07 in length and 0.35 in breadth; lateral margins usually sharply serrate. The genital pores are unilateral, and situated toward the anterior end of the margin. The cirrus-pouch is cylindrical, or long-fusiform, usually more or less curved or spiral, in earlier portions of the strobile extending to the median line, or beyond it; in a proglottis measuring 0.33 mm. in breadth, the cirrus-pouch measured 0.17 in length and 0.024 in 2Kenntniss der Vogel helminthen, fig. 103. | art. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 33 diameter ; the inner portion of the cirrus-pouch functions as a seminal vesicle. The cirri are slender, slightly tapering, and smooth; maxi- mum length of exserted cirri about 0.11, diameter 0.006. Figure 99 is a camera lucida sketch of a specimen mounted in balsam, in which the lateral margin of the strobile is grooved. This may be a contrac- tion feature, although the same peculiarity was noted in more than one strobile. There is an inner seminal vesicle, which is circular in outline as seen in ventral view. It lies on the ventral side of the cirrus-pouch (fig. 97). The three testes are close together near the median line, one poral, the others antiporal. They are relatively large, as compared with the length of a proglottis in the anterior proglottides, but become less conspicuous as the female genitalia develop. The vagina is postero-ventral to the cirrus-pouch. There is a relatively spacious seminal receptacle in front of the ovary at the median line. The ovary was not satisfactorily shown in the mounted material. So far as it could be made out it is small, but little lobed, its two main divisions not quite symmetrical. The vitelline gland, so far as could be determined, is small, compact, and lies behind the ovary. In the posterior proglottides of strobiles measuring 18 mm. in length the uterus occupies the greater part of the medullary space. It appears as a rather compact mass with evenly rounded outlines. The ova, so far as could be seen, in whole mounts, measured about 0.036 in diameter of outer, and 0.018 of inner shell. The ova seen in transverse sections are without shells, and measure 0.015 in diameter. In two strobiles the uterus, in the pos- terior proglottides, is more strongly developed on the aporal than it is on the poral side. This asymmetrical development caused the strobile at this place to become arcuate. Although the segments in one of these strobiles with aporal development of the uterus are shorter, and more crowded together, and the strobile is more deli- cate and fragile than the others, there does not seem to be warrant for regarding it as specifically different from the others. Three strobiles, mounted in balsam, and each measuring about 18 mm. in length, have the following average dimensions: Breadth of scolex 0.24, diameter of sucker 0.12, length of posterior prog- lottis 0.08, breadth 0.50. The only sections made were of ripe proglottides. They show the dorsal and ventral excretory vessel of each marginal pair to be close . together and not differing greatly in size. The genital canals pass on the dorsal side of the excretory vessels. The longitudinal muscles are arranged in two layers, an outer consisting of many small bun- dles, and an inner consisting of eight larger bundles, somewhat sym- metrically placed (fig. 101). The foregoing account is based on material from the herring gull (Larus argentatus). 10582—26——3 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 From the black-backed gull (Larus marinus) : There is one slide in the collection. It contains 8 fragments of strobiles, three of them with soleces. They agree with the species from the herring gull in number, size and shape of hooks, in the dimensions and character of the scolex, and in the anatomy of the proglottides, so far as it is shown. Breadth of scolex 0.25 mm., diameter of sucker 0.14, length of hooks 0.036; length of maturest proglottides 0.07, breadth 0.50. Genital pores unilateral; cirrus- pouch cylindrical, more or less spirally curved, extending to, or beyond, the median line. All fragments small, and rather delicate. RECORD OF COLLECTIONS Larus argentatuss (U.S.N.M., Helm Coll. 7874 (type).) 1905, May 4.—Several anterior ends of strobiles, 1 scolex. 1912, February 16.—Ten slender strobiles. 1912, February 17.—F ive scoleces; small, slender strobiles. 1913, February 12.—One, length 13 mm., scolex missing. 1913, November 13—Many fragments of strobiles, scoleces missing. 1913, November 17.—One scolex. 1913, November 18.—Three scoleces; several strobiles, scoleces missing. 1914, January 20.—Two scoleces, one with slender strobile. 1915, April 8.—One hundred strobiles, more or less, and a few scoleces; small, fragile, much broken, longest about 16 mm. 1915, October 5.—Three scoleces, diameter 0.22 mm.; length of strobile 15. 1916, February 17.—Two small fragments. 1916, April 18.—One hundred and forty-one scoleces from young herring gull; maximum length of strobile about 25 mm.; many fragments of strobiles, a few of them consisting of mature segments very loosely attached to each other. 1917, January 8—Four very small, immature, with scoleces; maximum length 12 mm. Larus marinus: 1914, April 28.—A few small strobiles, about 15 mm. in length. HYMENOLEPIS FUSUS (Krabb) Figures 102-104 Scolewz.—Small, suckers nearly circular in outline, rostellum rela- tively stout, hooks strongly recurved, 10, about 0.02 mm. in length. Strobile——All the strobiles in the collection are immature. In all cases they are slender, the maximum breadth not exceeding 0.35 mm., ART. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 35 and all having a tendency to become narrower toward the posterior end. In most cases the segments appear less than 1 mm. back of the scolex; in one strobile, which was about twice as long as the longest of the others, the neck was over 3 mm. in length. The first segments, at first much crowded, and little more than transverse rugae, remain much broader than long, until the posterior end, where, in most cases, they become, for a short distance, slightly narrower and some- what lengthened. Thus, in the longest mounted specimen, measuring about 30 mm. in length, the breadth of segments 0.4 mm. from the posterior and is 0.33 and the length 0.05. The posterior segment is not perfect, but the penultimate segment measures 0.21 in breadth and 0.07 in length. The posterior segment in another strobile was 0.10 mm. in length and 0.15 in breadth; 05 mm. from the posterior end the segments were 0.02 in length and 0.28 in breadth (fig. 104). The cirrus and cirrus-pouch are rudimentary, but it can be seen that the reproductive pores are unilateral. Rudiments of a seminal vesicle appear in the posterior segments of some of the strobiles as a slightly sinuous mass which lies along the anterior border of the seg- ment to a point about half way between the median line and the aporal margin. The three testes are small and placed near together in the postero-median part of the proglottides. The agreement in number, size, and character of the hooks with H. fusus is close; the size of the strobile, however, is much less. RECORD OF COLLECTION Larus argentatus, new host: (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7875.) 1912, July 22.—Tifteen with scoleces. 1913, January 6.—One strobile, scolex missing, very slender; length 26 mm. 1913, November 21.—Two; anterior end of strobiles exceed- ingly attenuate. 1914, January 20.—Two, very slender. 1914, September 8.—Few scoleces, several fragments, maximum length 100 mm., greatest breadth 1.5 mm.; anterior ends ex- tremely attenuate. 1914, September 18.—One with scolex, length 55 mm., and frag- ments of about five strobiles. 1914, December 23.—One strobile with scolex from small gull. 1915, January 29.—Many fragments representing about eight strobiles, maximum length 34 mm., one scolex. 1915, April 5—One scolex, and fragments of about three stro- biles, maximum length 20 mm. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 70 1917, January 17.—Two, slender, one with scolex, maximum ieaeth 25 mm. 1917, January 27——Many fragments, no scoleces; maximum length 25 mm. 1918, January 8—Many fragments, two strobiles, longest about 24 mm. HYMENOLEPIS HAMULACANTHOS, new species Figures 114-126 Scolee—Somewhat pyramidal, when the rostellum is extruded; suckers relatively large; rostellum armed with a circle of 8 hooks, the basal ends of which are thin and claw-like; diameter of scolex, in balsam, 0.25, of sucker 0.13; length of hooks 0.108. Strobile-—Anterior end slender; proglottides begin near the scolex, for the most part broader than long; at the anterior end, where the genitalia first appear, the length is 0.02, the breadth 0.14; near the posterior end, ripe proglottides, in a specimen mounted in balsam, are 0.56 long and 2.8 broad. At intervals there are regions where thé breadth is only about three times the length. The proglottides, in the anterior fourth of a strobile measuring 112 mm. in length, are very short and crowded, the lateral margins of the strobile benig crenulate. As the pr aoreedee begin to lengthen their posterior diameter becomes greater than the anterior, and the lateral margins of the strobile are serrate. The genital pores are unilateral, near the anterior end of the proglottis, the cirrus and vagina opening near together in the genital cloaca. The cirrus is very long and slender, with a slight bulbous enlargement at the base which is spinose (fig. 121). The cirrus-pouch is elongate, somewhat clavate, and extends beyond the poral excretory vessels. Its inner half, or more, functions as a seminal vesicle; sagittal sections show that its walls are formed of longitudinal muscles. It communicates by a short vas deferens with an inner seminal vesicle which extends nearly to the median line, where it turns at nearly right angles and leads to near the pos- terior margin of the proglottis, where it receives vasa efferentia from the testes. There are three testes, one on the poral, two on the anti- poral side. In maturing proglottides the testes are profoundly lobed (fig. 117). The vagina opens on the ventral side of the cirrus. Fora short distance it has rather thick muscular walls, in a series of sagittal sections seen to be a sphincter muscle; it then narrows to a slender tube which lies on the ventral side of the cirrus-pouch for about half the length of the latter. It there expands into a capacious seminal receptacle, which sends a short, and rather broad duct to the vicinity of the shell-gland. The ovary is on the median line, and like the ART. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 37 testes, is in maturing proglottides profoundly lobed. The vitelline gland is a small, compact, bluntly-lobed gland lying on the median line dorsal to the posterior margin of the ovary, and ventral to the posterior margin of the shell-gland. In whole mounts of strobiles with ripe proglottides the uterus is seen in earlier proglottides to be diffusely lobed. In regions of the strobile where the proglottides are closely crowded, and many times as broad as long, these lobes are more or less globular or pyriform (fig. 119). In longer proglottides, where the length may be as much as half the breath, the lobes of the uterus are elongated and le in a direction parallel to the axis of the proglottis (fig. 118). The ova, so far as they could be made out in whole mounts, are oval-elliptical immature ova appeared to have a maximum diameter of 0.018. A mature ovum measured 0.039 by 0.015 in the two principal diameters. The outer layer of longitudinal muscles is represented by about 100 bundles containing but few, 3 to 5, fibers. The inner layer consiste of 8 small bundles which are easily overlooked. No circular fibers were seen. Dimensions of specimen mounted in balsam: Length 112 mm.; breadth of scolex 0.25, of sucker 0.136; length of hooks 0.108; breadth of neck 0.14; length of segments, 1 mm. from scolex, 0.02, breadth 0.15; length of posterior segments 0.51, breadth 2.38; maxi- mum breadth 3.00, length 0.51. RECORD OF COLLECTION Marila americana: 1914, February 28.—Two strobiles and fragments. Dimensions of larger in formalin: Length 115 mm.; breadth of scolex 0.36, of neck 0.22; maximum diameter of strobile 3.25. U.S. N.M., Helm. Coll. 7876. HYMENOLEPIS MACRACANTHOS (Linsiew) Figure 105-113 Scolew.—Broader than long, suckers relatively large, with thick muscular walls; rostellum cylindrical, its sheath extending into the neck; hooks eight in number, 0.09 mm. in length; diameter of scolex in balsam 0.26 mm., of suckers 0.075. The hooks agree in detail with figures of H. macracanthos, but are smaller, being about 0.09 mm. in length, instead of exceeding 0.10 mm. Strobile—Segments begin rather abruptly close to the scolex, in- crease in length and breadth slowly, but remain much broader than long throughout. The male genitalia are fully developed while the female genitalia are still rudimentary; genital pores unilateral, at ‘ee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you. 70 about the middle of the margin of a proglottis; cirrus long and fili- form, rigid, from a clubshaped thin-walled base (fig. 111). Dia- meter of basal portion, at its outer end, 0.024 mm., of filiform portion 0.002. ; cirrus-pouch cylindrical, extending beyond the median line of the proglottis, its inner portion acting as an outer seminal vesicle; an inner seminal vesicle lies along the dorsal side of the cirrus-pounch ; testes three, one on the poral side of the median line, two on the antiporal side, oval, about 0.048 by 0.060 mm. in diameter. Ovary on median line, small, four-lobed when fully developed; vitelline gland small, compact, dorsal to the posterior border of the ovary, becoming two-lobed; uterus; at first lobed, later occupying nearly all the interior of the proglottis, and crowding the persistent cirrus to the anterior border of the proglottis; diameter of onchospheres, so far as they can be seen in whole mounts, about 0.018 mm. In a strobile from which the scolex is missing, measuring 138 mm. in length, rudiments of male genitalia appear in the anterior pro- glottides, which are 0.04 mm. in length and 0.15 in breadth. The male genitalia are mature 4 mm. from the anterior end. Rudi- ments of the ovary can be seen about 3 mm. farther back. The vitelline gland persists in a few proglottides after the uterus has become prominent. In the last 3.5 mm., comprising 21 proglottides, the uterus fills practically all the interior of the proglottides except at the anterior border where the long, cylindrical cirrus-pouch lies. In the preceding eight proglottides the uterus is distinctly lobed, and occupies a large part of the interior of the proglottides. The uterus in the next 12 preceding proglottides is lobed, but less and less developed anteriorly. The ovaries become inconspicuous shortly after the uterus appears, while the vitelline glands persist for about 12 proglottides after the ovaries can no longer be recognized. In an examination of serial sections the vagina was seen to begin as a short, slender tube with a sphincter muscle at its inner end. A short distance from the sphincter the vagina expands into a seminal receptacle which les along the ventral side of the cirrus-pouch. The inner seminal vesicle communicates with the cirrus-pouch, which in large part functions as a seminal vesicle, by a short vas deferens. A portion of this inner seminal vesicle projects beyond the inner end of the cirrus-pouch, but the greater portion of it les on the dorsal side of the cirrus-pouch. The structure of the cirrus-pouch agrees with descriptions of H. macracanthos. 'The long and filiform cirrus was clearly demonstrated in serial sections. Art. 7 CESTODE PARASITES OF BIRDS—LINTON 39 RECORDS OF COLLECTIONS From Mergus serrator: (U.S.N.M., Helm. Coll. 7877.) 1887, July 1—One, length 16.15 mm. 1913, January 1.—Twenty-five, small, maximum not much ex- ceeding 12 mm. in length. 1913, April 11.—The vial with label of this date contains cestodes obtained from four birds, in the stomachs of which were found Pholas, cunners, and sticklebacks. There are very numerous small strobiles from most of which the scoleces are missing. Evidently the scoleces are rather firmly embedded in the mucous membrane, and are broken off in attempts to remove them. o WwW 7) z < © wu 8 S wu o Aues Zou = ty oO w | od Sif = a Ome Zz 5 ale ae fan uw & fe . Ae =I us ° if =| 3 o & a Q ire [e) - ) WwW oO U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 70, ART. 7 PLATE 7 oF 2 B coe oe ° CESTODES OF GREEN HERON, SCOTER, AND WHISTLER DUCK FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 68 AND 69 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 70, ART. 7 PLATE 8 95 CESTODES OF WHISTLER Duck, GULLS, AND MERGANSER FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 69 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 70, ART. 7 PLATE 9 SR EONS GO. AEN «led | ON CESTODES OF MERGANSER AND AMERICAN POCHARD FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 70 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 70, ART. 7 PLATE 10 181 £8 @, We 133 CESTODES OF AMERICAN POCHARD, GREBES, LOON, SCAUP Duck, CooT, AND SCOTER FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 70 AND 71 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 70, ART. 7 PLATE II 152 ’) ( | Gi Za lane e A Ah ASS Iya Aeg } LOMB a Lakhs AF LY ANA yo CESTODES OF SCOTER, GULL, CooT, YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO, AND AMERI- CAN POCHARD FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 71 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 70, ART. 7 PLATE 12 172. CESTODES OF AMERICAN POCHARD, NIGHT HERON, AND LOON FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 72 —— U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 70, ART. 7 PLATE 13 CESTODES OF SANDERLING, SHELDRAKE, SCOTER, AND OLD SQUAW FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 72 AND 73 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 70, ART. 7 PLATE 14 204 CESTODES OF OLD SQUAW AND SCOTER FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 73 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 70, ART. 7 PLATE 15 215 seam CESTODES OF AMERICAN POCHARD FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 73 i SOME BRACONID AND CHALCID FLIES FROM FORMOSA PARASITIC ON APHIDS By A. B. Gawan, Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture The material upon which the following notes and descriptions are based was sent to the United States Department of Agriculture for identification by T. Shiraki, of Taihoku, Formosa. Very little infor- mation occurs in the literature concerning the parasites of plant lice from this region, and it is, therefore, a pleasure to be able to make this small contribution toward such knowledge. The following rec- ords are especially valuable because in every instance the materia! was reared and is accompanied by a definite host record. Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA Family BRACONIDAE | Subfamily APHIDIINAE APHIDIUS ERVI Haliday Four specimens which appear to be this species were reared from Macrosiphum, species on Rubus at Taihoku, Formosa, by R. Taka- hashi, December 2, 1923. APHIDIUS UNILACHNI, new species Differs from all other species known to the writer by the very slender and slightly upturned ovipositor sheaths. Female.——Length 2.2 mm. Smooth and shining, the first tergite very weakly rugulose. Head transverse, a little broader than the thorax, distinctly narrowed behind the eyes; eyes very shghtly con- verging anteriorly; distance from antennae to apex of clypeus nearly equal to shortest distance between the eyes; palpi short; an- tennae 16-jointed, the third joint approximately twice as long g&s# thick and the following joints, except the last, of about the ame length as the third, last joint nearly twice as long as the third; No. 2657.—PROcEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MusEUM; VoL. 70, ART. 8. 18120-—26 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 70 notauli absent except at anterior angles of mesonotum; propodeum smooth, sharply declivous behind, the dorsal portion with a very delicate median longitudinal carina, the posterior face with a very broad median area and on each side at the posterior lateral angles a much smaller area; wings normal for the genus, the first abscissa of radius a little less than twice as long as the second abscissa, which is slightly longer than the intercubitus, discocubital vein complete; brachial cell complete; abdomen one and one-half times as long as the head and thorax, slender, tapering toward apex; first tergite slightly broader at apex than at base; ovipositor sheaths very slender, tapering to a point at apex, and distinctly curved upward. Head and thorax brownish black; mandibles, palpi, sides of pronotum, legs including coxae, first tergite, basal half of second tergite, more or less of third tergite and the apex of abdomen brownish yellow; antennae uniformly blackish; abdomen, except as indicated, fuscous; wings hyaline, the veins and stigma pale yellowish. Male—Length 1.8 mm. Antennae 19-jointed, the flagellar joints all subequal and about twice as long as thick, the apical one very shightly longer than the preceding one; second abscissa of radius subequal to the transverse cubitus and half as long as first abscissa. Head, thorax, abdomen, and antennae nearly uniformly brownish black, the first tergite at base somewhat paler; legs dark brownish testaceous. Other characters as in the female. Type locality—Taihoku, Formosa. Ty pe.—Cat. No. 28983, U.S.N.M. Host.—Unilachnus, species. Two females and one male received from T. Shiraki and said to have been reared from the above aphid on Pinus by R. Takahashi, October 22, 1923. APHIDIUS, species Five specimens of a species of Aphidius reared from Macrosiphum neoartemisiae Takahashi in March, 1923, at Taihoku, Formosa, by R. Takahashi, are in too poor condition for positive determination. This is a small, brownish testaceous species superficially resembling Lysiphlebus japonicus Ashmead but distinguishable by the complete discobital nervure and the more completely areolated propodeum. APHIDIUS LATICEPS, new species Resembles A. pinaphidis Ashmead, but the mesoscutum is less strongly sculptured, the wing stigma is more triangular, and the ovipositor sheaths are broader and shorter. Female—Length 3.8 mm. Head smooth, viewed from above broader than the thorax, fully twice as broad as long; viewed from Art. 8. BRACONID AND CHALCID FLIES FROM FORMOSA—-GAHAN 3 in front the head is obviously broader than high; eyes large and prominent, nearly circular, sparsely hairy; face twice as broad as high; palpi short; antennae broken, the first flagellar joint about two and one-half times as long as thick, following joints shorter; meso- scutum faintly alutaceous and subopaque, with a few obscure wrinkles following the subobsolete notauli, the anterior one-third with some distinct rugosities or subobsolete punctures; propodeum nearly smooth above but with its posterior face and lateral margins distinctly rugulose, the petiolar area concave, much broader than long and more or less transversely wrinkled within; the lateral areas of posterior face of propodeum small and mostly restricted to the lateral angles; pleura smooth; legs normal; stigma of forewing short and broad, emitting the radius at the middle; metacarpus distinctly longer than the stigma; radius short, somewhat thickened basally, its first abscissa less than twice as long as the stub of second, which is a little longer than the intercubitus; brachial cell closed; abdomen one and one-half times as long as the thorax, the first tergite rugose. twice as broad at apex as at base; ovipositor sheaths rather broad and short. General color reddish testaceous; metanotum, propodeum, apical half or more of third, fourth, and fifth and all of following abdominal segments dark brownish to blackish; scape and pedicel testaceous, flagellum blackish; legs concolorous with thorax, the pos- terior femora and tibiae suffused with brownish; wings hyaline; venation brownish, the costal and basal veins darker than the others, and the median and submedian veins mostly pale; stigma at base and narrowly along the anterior margin pale, otherwise brownish. Male unknown. Type locality —Vaihoku, Formosa. Type.—Cat. No. 28984, U.S.N.M. Host—Dilachnus, species. One female received from T. Shiraki and said to have been para- sitic upon an unidentified species of Délachnus, collected by R. Takahashi. The type has lost one pair of wings and both antennae are broken. APHIDIUS COMMODUS, new species This species agrees very closely with the description of pseudo- platani Marshall except that the palpi are not unusually long and the ovipositor sheath is not curved downward at apex. Structurally it is very similar to colemani Viereck but may be readily distinguished by its yellowish color. Female.—Length 2.5 mm. Smooth and shining, the first tergite weakly rugulose. Head transverse, as broad as the thorax, narrowed behind the eyes; eyes converging below; distance from antennal fossae to apex of clypeus a little greater than the shortest distance 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 70 between the eyes; palpi normal, not elongate; antennae 16-jointed, approximately two-thirds as long as the body, the third joint (first flagellar joint) nearly four times as long as thick, following joints shorter, the fifteenth about twice as long as broad, the sixteenth longer than the third and nearly twice as long as the fifteenth; notauli effaced except at the anterior angles of mesonotum; pro- podeum smooth and distinctly areolated, the petiolar area very nar- row, a little broader anteriorly than posteriorly; wings normal, the first abscissa of radius about twice as long as the stub of second, which is subequal to the intercubitus; brachial cell complete; abdo- men one and one-half times the head and thorax in length, the first tergite a little broader at apex than at base, a little more than twice as long as broad at apex, and weakly rugulose; ovipositor sheaths normal. General color reddish testaceous, the propodeum and second and third abdominal segments suffused with brownish; legs concol- orous with the thorax but with the middle and hind femora, the hind tibiae, and all tarsi more or less tinged with brownish; antennal scape and pedicel testaceous, the flagellum brownish black; wings hyaline, basal vein and costal vein toward apex brownish, stigma and remaining veins pale; ovipositor sheaths blackish. Male—Length 1.75 mm. Antennae 18-jointed, the apical joint small and shorter than the preceding, the third joint the longest and about three times as long as thick; face very slightly shorter than the shortest distance between the eyes; head above and dorsum of thorax dark brown, approaching piceous; abdomen, except first segment fuscous; hind legs mostly dark brownish. Otherwise agrees with female. Type locality —Taihoku, Formosa. Type.—Cat. No. 28985, U.S.N.M. Host—Macrosiphoniella formosartemisiae 'Takahashi. Four females and one male received by the Bureau of Entomology from T. Shiraki and said to have been reared from the above- mentioned aphid April 20, 1922, by R. Takahashi. TRIOXYS COMMUNIS, new species Easily distinguished from strwma by the absence of toothlike elevations on the pronotum and by its darker color. Resembles the American species ovalis Provancher but differs by having the ovipositor sheaths a little longer and the color of legs a little more obscure. Also similar to aceris Haliday, differing chiefly in the darker color of thorax and abdomen. Female—Length 1.2 mm. Smooth and shining. Head viewed from above about twice as broad as long; viewed from in front a little broader than high; vertex arched; eyes slightly converging ArT. 8. BRACONID AND CHALCID FLIES FROM FORMOSA—-GAHAN 5 anteriorly; antennae inserted on middle of head and not distinctly above middle of eyes, 11-jointed, approximately two-thirds as long as the body, scape barely longer than broad, pedicel globose, flagellar joints about two and one-half times as long as thick, except the last, which is about equal to the two preceding joints together; pronotum normal, without a conspicuous elevated area medially and without toothlike projections laterally, but usually with a very inconspicuous fovea or weak longitudinal fold on each side near the middle; notauli weakly impressed at the lateral anterior angles of the mesonotum, entirely effaced on the dorsum; propodeum com- pletely but very delicately areolated and its posterior face very faintly rugulose; abdomen about one and one-third times the length of head and thorax, smooth, the first tergite rather narrow with a shght constriction between middle and apex, the spiracles at the middle and not prominent; anal prongs distinctly longer than the first tergite; ovipositor sheaths approximately half as long as the anal prongs, very nearly as broad at apex as at base, and only slightly curved; wings normal, the radius extending a little more than halfway to the wing margin; first brachial cell mostly effaced. Head and thorax black; scape, pedicel, two or three basal joints of flagellum, and the mouth pale yellowish; collar and propodeum usually somewhat piceous; legs fusco-testaceous; first segment of abdomen pale, remainder of abdomen, including the anal prongs and ovipositor sheath, brownish black; wings hyaline, stigma and radius pale; basal vein dark. Male—Length 1.1mm. Antennae 13-jointed; legs usually a little more strongly infuscated than in the female. Otherwise agrees with female. Type locality —TYaihoku, Formosa. Type.—Cat. No. 28987, U.S.N.M. Host.—Aphis gossypii Glover. Two females and four males received from T. Shiraki, reared August 30, 1922, by R. Takahashi. TRIOXYS STRUMA, new species This species may be distinguished at once from all others known to the writer by the presence on the middle of the pronotum or collar of an elevated area which is broader than long and nearly flat above, with its lateral anterior angles prominent, in lateral view appearing as a blunt tooth on each side of the pronotum. Female——Length 2.6 mm. Smooth and polished. Head, viewed from above, transverse; viewed from in front slightly broader than high, the vertex strongly arched above the eyes; eyes slightly con- verging below; antennae inserted about on middle of head but 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 70» somewhat above middle of eyes, 11-jointed and about two-thirds: the length of body; scape somewhat longer than broad, pedicel nearly globose; joints 3 to 10 of antennae subequal and each about three: times as long as thick, joint 11 distinctly the longest; pronotum as. indicated above, the elevated area broader anteriorly than posteriorly and divided by a weak median longitudinal carina; notauli im- pressed at the lateral anterior angles of mesonotum, mostly effaced above but traceable as darker lines on mesonotum; propodeum smooth, distinctly areolated, the petiolar area pentangular and nearly as broad as long; abdomen smooth, one and one-third times: as long as the head and thorax; first segment rather slender and nearly parallel-sided but with a distinct constriction at apex, the spiracles placed distinctly before the middle and not prominent; hornlike processes at apex of abdomen as long as the first tergite, the ovipositor sheath curved downward and moderately slender. Wings normal for the genus, the radius inclosing a little more than half the radial cell; first brachial cell complete. Pale testaceous; the antennae beyond the third joint, a band on abdomen embracing the apex of second and all of third tergite, the ovipositor sheath, and the apical joint of all tarsi brownish black; wings hyaline, the stigma whitish, veins mostly brownish, costa basally, and medius: and submedius paler. Male—Length 2 mm. Antennae 13-jointed, as long as the body or nearly, the apical joint no longer than the preceding. Head and thorax above brownish yellow, beneath paler; scape and pedicel yellow, the rest of antennae black; abdomen mostly brownish black, the first and large part of second tergites testaceous; legs con- colorous with underside of thorax; other characters as in the female. Type locality —Taihoku, Formosa. Type.—Cat. No. 28986, U.S.N.M. Hosts.—Macrosiphoniella citricola Van der Gott and Greenidea fictcola Takahashi. Described from two female and two male specimens received through the Bureau of Entomology from T. Shiraki. Both females and one male were reared, according to Shiraki, from Macrosiphon- iella citricola Van der Goot by R. Takahashi. One male was reared by the same collector from Greenidea ficicola 'Takahashi. PRAON, species One male specimen of a Praon which apparently is very close to: P. flavinode Haliday was reared from Macrosiphum formosanuwm Takahashi, at Taihoku, Formosa, May 5, 1922. -ART, 8. BRACONID AND CHALCID FLIES FROM FORMOSA—-GAHAN ri EPHEDRUS JAPONICUS Ashmead A series of 11 specimens of this species were reared February 7, 1922, from Brachysiphoniella gramini Takahashi at Taihoku, Formosa, by R. Takahashi, and 13 specimens of the same species from Aphis rumicis Linnaeus in March, 1922, by the same collector. DIAERETUS NIPPONENSIS Ashmead Two specimens identified as this species were reared January 24, 1922, from Greenidea ficicola Takahashi at Taihoku, Formosa, by R. Takahashi. LYSIPHLEBUS JAPONICUS Ashmead Three specimens reared April 4, 1922, and two specimens reared November 18, 1922, from Zowoptera aurantii Boyer by R. Takahashi at Taihoku, Formosa, have been identified as this species. The national collection also possesses nine specimens of this species reared from the orange aphis, June 21, 1917, at Shidzuokaken, Japan, by R. Yoshida. Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA Family PTEROMALIDAE PACHYNEURON SIPHONGPHORAE Ashmead Five specimens which I am unable to distinguish from this com- mon American species were reared at Taihoku, Formosa, from Macrosiphum formosanum. O ide Silatin a weeh Fasyotl ih te o8E 1 satus) eve Trewmert aah: if edits veil (oes mdkcentdee “i i ROT Be a A REVIEW OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN TWO-WINGED FLIES OF THE FAMILY SYRPHIDAE By Raymonp C. SHANNON Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture The present contribution to the knowledge of the South American Syrphidae is mainly based on the collection in the United States National Museum. Additional material was borrowed from the British Museum through the kindness of Maj. E. E. Austen. In this material a number of new genera and species have been recognized and are herein described. A paper now in press’ contains a treatment of all the South American Xylotini known to the writer. The Syrphidae of Chile have been treated as a unit several times by various authors. A series of specimens from Alabama, also two from Arkansas in the National Collection, show a perfect gradation of pale yellow forms to typical black obsidiana. 21 Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 16, 1889, p. 194. 2 Ent., vol. 6, p. 691, pl. 2, fig. 32, and pl. 3, fig. 40. 8 Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 16,-1889, pl. 6, fig. 4. arv.23 REVISION OF THE BEETLE GENUS OEDIONYCHIS—BLAKE 4] A most striking characteristic holding throughout the series is the apical pattern. In the pale forms there is a band at the apical fifth with scalloped outline, the apex always pale. In typical obsidiana this scalloped apical pattern is nearly always present. The yellow variety appears to be a more southern and perhaps inland form, all specimens examined occurring in Alabama, Louisiana, Tennessee, Illinois, Arkansas, and Kansas. Typical black obsidiana occurs in Florida, North Carolina, and Maryland, as well as westward to Ala- bama and Arkansas. Specimens of the typical obsidiana have been collected near Balti- more, Md., by W. A. Hoffman, feeding on Jlex verticillata and EBuonymus americanus, W.D. Pierce collected the yellow variety on Ilex opaca and oak, and R. A. Cushman collected it also on Vae- cinium virgatum. 33. OEDIONYCHIS SCALARIS Melsheimer Figs. 42, 48, 44, 45 Oedionychisa scalaris MELSHEIMER, Proc. Acad. Philadelphia, vol. 3, 1847, p. 168. . Oedionychis lobata LEContTE, Col. Kans., 1859, p. 24. OCedionychis scalaris CrotcH, Proc. Acad. Philadelphia, vol. 25, 18738, p. 63.— Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 16, 1889, p. 194. Broadly oblong-oval, feebly shining, yellow brown; elytra usually three-banded, varying from lightly blotched or even subvittate with only remnants of reddish brown bands to almost entirely piceous. Antennae slender, about half length of body, third joint sometimes slightly shorter than fourth, basal joints pale yellow, terminal darker. Head faintly and finely punctate, usually a dark spot on occiput, median groove distinct; eyes very large and closely set, interocular space less than half, approaching one-third width of head. Prono- tum nearly three times as wide as long, with broad, explanate margin, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, very faintly and finely punctate; usually immaculate, in darker forms indeterminate darker markings on either side. Scutellum small, varying from yellow brown to piceous. Elytra broadly oblong-oval with distinct basal callosities near suture and umbone prominences and well-marked depression between, and with wide, slightly reflexed, explanate margin; punc- tations dense but shallow, coarser at base; pattern on elytra usually consisting of wide sutural vitta not reaching apex and three trans- verse bands of irregular outline near base, at middle, and at apical three-fourths, usually broadening at ends, these fasciae and sutural vitta often disappearing in part and leaving in lighter specimens irregular blotches, or in darker specimens widening to cover a large part of elytra; margin and apex nearly always unmarked. Body beneath finely pubescent, meta- and mesosterna and abdomen darker than legs, last ventral segment usually lighter; epipleura pale. 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vor. 70 Length. to 5.5 mm.; width 2 to 2.5 mm. Type locality —Pennsylvania. Distribution.—Massachusetts, western New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia, Florida, and Texas. This is a most variably marked species, to be distinguished by its large, closely set eyes, its rather short and broad pronotum, and broadly oblong elytra. It is to be separated from the banded forms of obsidiana var. flava by its relatively larger size and coarser punc- tation. Specimens examined from Florida present an unusually varied pattern in elytral markings. They are all of the same pro- portions and have the distinguishing character—the large, closely set eyes. W.S. Blatchley collected this species at Florida on some species of Ericaceae. 34. OEDIONYCHIS DURANGOENSIS Jacoby Fie. 46 Oedionychis durangoensis Jacospy, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleopt., vol. 6, pt. 1, Supplement, 1892, p. 318. Broadly oval, feebly shining, yellow brown or drab, with five or six small black spots on each ‘elytron. Antennae slender, half as long as body, third joint slightly shorter than fourth, first four and part of fifth basal joints and terminal joint paler. Head faintly punctate, more coarsely about eyes, with occiput nearly smooth; median groove indistinct, interocular space not half so wide as head; eyes large. Pronotum nearly three times as wide as long, with moderately wide explanate margin, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, very faintly punctate. Scutellum small, shining black. Elytra long and broadly oval, with wide, sometimes slightly reflexed explanate margin, and with basal callosities near suture and humeral promi- nences forming sulcus; finely and densely punctate; six small black spots on each elytron placed in two longitudinal rows: First row with spot on humerus, second near lateral margin at basal fourth, third near lateral margin slightly below the middle; second row with first spot in middle of elytron at base, second near suture at basal third, and third near suture, shghtly below middle, in some specimens spots in middle at base missing. Body beneath yellowish brown, finely pubescent, epipleura pale. Length.—5 to 6.2 mm.; width 3 to 3.5 mm. Type locality.—V entanas. Durango, Mexico. Distribution —Arizona. This species is not closely related to any other North American Ocedionychis. It is one of the largest of its group, Oedionychis scalaris alone approaching it in size. It is, however, quite distinct ART, 23 REVISION OF THE BEETLE GENUS OEDIONYCHIS—BLAKE 493 in its shape and markings from scalaris. The most outstanding character is the very wide explanate margin. The type has been examined by me at the British Museum. DOUBTFUL SPECIES OEDIONYCHIS JOCOSA Harold Oedionychis jocosa HaroLp, Col., Heft 15, 1876, p. 124. Flava, capite, corpore subtus cum pedibus antennisque, thoracis macula transversa elytrorumque sutura et vitta laterali ferrugineis, thorace longitudine paullo plus quam duplo latiore. Long. 5 mm. North America. OEDIONYCHIS LONGULA Harold Oedionychis longula HaRoLp, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 21, 1877, p. 434. . Oblonga, ferruginea, thorace flavo, obsolete punctato, ferrugineo- fasciato, elytris humeris intus non sulcatis asperulato sat dense punctulatis, sutura vittaque discoidali fusco-ferrugineis; epipleuris flavis, intus ferrugineis; antennis fuscis, articulis 1 — 3 rufescentibus, 3 quarto dimidio breviore. Long. 64 mm. California. OEDIONYCHIS HORNI Harold Oedionychis horni Haron, Col., Heft 15, 1876, p. 124. Ovalis, nitidula, capite ferrugineo, thorace elytrisque testaceis, illo fascia piceo-rufa, his dense et fortiter punctatis, sutura sat late vittaque lata margini approximata piceis, subtus picea, pedibus piceo-rufis. Long. 6 mm. Texas. 44 Fia. FI. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES (All figures < 5) PLATE 1 1. Oedionychis violascens LeConte. 2 lugens LeConte. 3 concinna (Fabricius). 4, vians (IMlliger). 5. rians var. badia Blake. 6 discicollis (Crotch). 7 thoracica (Fabricius). 8 lateralis Jacoby. 9 gibbitarsa (Say). 10. flavocyanea Crotch. 1A: fimbriata (Forster). ive interjectionis Crotch. 13. aemula Horn. 14, amplivititata Blake. 15. tenuilineata Horn. 16. petaurista (Fabricius). 17. petaurista var. pallida Blake. 18. miniata (Fabricius). 19. miniata (Fabricius). 20. ulkei Horn. PLATE 2 21. Oedionychis indigoptera LeConte. 22. thyamoides Crotch. 2. thyamoides Crotch. 24, texana Crotch. 25. flavida Horn. 26. saltatra Blatchley. PAL quercata (Fabricius). 28. pervittata Blake. 29. subvittata (Horn). 30. subvittata (Horn). 31. sexmaculata (Illiger). 32. suturalis (Fabricius). 33. nigrosignata Schaeffer. 34. spilonota Blake. 35. circumdata Randall. 36. circumdata Randall. 37. obsidiana var. flava Blake. 38. obsidiana var. flava Biake. 39. obsidiana var. flava Blake. 40. obsidiana var. flava Blake. 41. obsidiana (Fabricius). 42. scalaris Melsheimer. 48. scalaris Melsheimer. 44. sealaris Melsheimer. 45, scalaris Melsheimer. 46. durangoensis Jacoby. 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