a 1-1 a BRO yt “hy ee tes a“ Ato} i rh ae ek neo uy i . ¥ o OO oc 7 2 7 i nn eb SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSED PROCEEDINGS UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 82 IRE HTeTes WASHINCTOR - eu ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organiza- tions and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The present volume is the eighty-second of this series. The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, con- tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type speci- mens and special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. Wasuineton, D.C., March 27, 1934. CONTENTS AuicaTa, JosepH EK. (See Schwartz, Benjamin.) BuakeE, Dorts Hotmes. Revision of the beetles of the genus Disonycha occurring in America north of Mexico. No. 2969, srticte aag-Ob- December 4, 1933) 4-2-6 S22 Te 28 New species: Disonycha schaefferi, D. teapensis. New varieties: Disonycha arizonae borealis, D. xanthomelas atrella, D. triangularis montanensis. Bow tes, Epcar O. (See Marshall, William B.) Brown, Rotanp W. Fossil plants from the Aspen shale of southwestern Wyoming. No. 2953, pp. 1-10. March 1, New species: Cladophlebis readi, Sparganium aspensis, Populus (?) aspensis, Laurus aspensis, Sassafras bradleyi, Nelumbo wey- mouthi, Liquidambar fontanella, Prunus aspensis, Sapindopsis schultzt. CusHman, R. A. Descriptions of new ichneumon-flies, with taxonomic notes. No. 2955, pp. 1-16. March 1, 1933 }___ 14 New genus: Alophosternum. New species: Amblyteles heterocampae, A. ctenuchae, Hemiteles pini- foliae, Alophosternum foliicola, Lathrolestes metalli, L. pictus, L. rufigaster, Mesoleius phyllotomae, Adelognathus deganti. New variety: Proscus walshiae australis. New name: Glypta caulicola. New combinations: Hoplismenus rutilus (Cresson), Amblyteles pro- pitius (Cresson), Proscus walshiae (Ashmead), Neostricklandia helcostizoides (Cushman), Lathrolestes mnemonicae (Rohwer), Benjaminia euphydryadis (Viereck). DeGant, Frank D. Five new species of North American ichneumon-flies. No. 2952, pp. 1-6. February 3, 1933 '_- 11 New species: Amblyteles ohioensis, Panargyrops insula, Exolytus melanoscelis, Polysphincta (Polysphincta) venatrix, Lathrolestes visscheri. Ewine, H. E. Three new chigger mites of the genus Trombi- cula from Panama, with a key to the known adults of Trom- bicula of the New World. No. 2970, pp. 1-6. September (2A) 29 te lee, Lh, hited Sethe bk Piel aa et Le Bae 29 New species: Trombicula trifurca, T. cavernarum, T. hominis. ! Date of publication. 40150—34 Tit IV PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Ewine, H.E. New genera and species of parasitic mites of the superfamily Parasitoidea. No. 2971, pp. 1-14. September MpiOsste ese rr New genera: Acanthochela, Euhaemogamasus, Cyclolaelaps, Hemi- laelaps, Cyclacarus. New species: Acanthochela chilensis, Haemogamasus_ sternalis, Euhaemogamasus onychomydis, HE. utahensis, E. oregonensis, Cyclolaelaps circularis, Macrolaelaps peruvianus, Hemilaelaps americanus, H. distinctus, Tetragonyssus microti, Ceratonyssus occidentalis, Dermanyssus evotomydis, D. prognephilus, Somma- tericola orientalis, Cyclacarus aberrans. Fisner, W.S. New species of buprestid beetles from Mexico and Central America. No. 2968, pp. 1-47. December 4, New species: Colobogaster aureoviridis, C. gigas, Paratyndaris mexicana, Agrilus rufobrunneus, A. hintoni, A. megerlei, A. silvicola, A. resplendens, A. proximulus, A. tinctipennis, A. piceolus, A. prodigiosus, A. aztecus, A. velasco, A. infidelis, A. vinctus, A. dampfi, A. semiopacus, A. tejupilcoensis, A. monte- zuma, Taphrocerus shannoni, T. dietzi, Brachys hintoni, B. lineifrons, B. zeteki, Pachyschelus valerio, Lius hintoni, L. splen- dens, L. callimicriformis, Callimicra cyanescens. FRIEDMANN, Hersert. A collection of birds from Great Namaqualand, Southwest Africa. No. 2951, pp. 1-12. Hebruary ‘17) 1933 tui fs 2 See ee ee ee Gitmore, Cuartes W. A new species of extinct turtle from the Upper Pliocene of Idaho. No. 2950, pp. 1-7. March 1, 1933). 2.2- hen an ee eee New species: Pseudemys tdahoensis. GinspurG, Isaac. Descriptions of new and imperfectly known species and genera of gobioid and pleuronectid fishes in the United States National Museum. No. 2961, pp. 1-23. May 19,1933"... 2... 2S ee New genera: Eleotrica, Gobulus. New subgenera: Aruma, Dilepidion. New species: Paralichthys schmitti, P. tropicus, Engyophrys sentus, Syactum gunteri, Eleotrica cableae, Gobiosoma robustum, G. occidentale, G. longipala. Husss, Cart L. Crossochir koelzi: A new Californian surf- fish of the family Embiotocidae. No. 2962, pp. 1-9. June 7, New genus: Crossochir. New species: Crossochir koelzt. 1 Date of publication. Article 30 27 10 20 CONTENTS Lincotn, Freperick C. (See Wetmore, Alexander.) Ma ttocu, J. R. Review of the wasps of the subfamily Pseninae of North America (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). No. 2967, pp. iGO MCCODer 25;: LOGae se Stee ee ety Dues ioe wy New genus: Psenia. New subgenera: Pseneo, Mimumesa. New species: Diodontus occidentalis, D. sulcatus, Psen (Pseneo) fulvipes, P. (P.) spicatus, P. (P.) angulatus, P. (Psen) unifasct- culatus, P. (Mimumesa) canadensis, P. (M.) bermudensis, P. (Mimesa) politus, P. (M.) arizonensis, P. (M.) puncetifrons, P. (M.) edentatus, P. (M.) impressifrons, P. (M.) pygidialis, Psenia aerofacies, P. albifacies, P. clavicornis, P. longiventris, P. palli- distigma, P. rufibasis, P. marginata, P. terana, P. littoralis, P. atricornis, P. angulicornis, P. minuta. New varieties: Psen (Mimumesa) modestus reticulatus, P. (Mimesa) cressoni atriventris, P. (M.) gregarius simplex. Marsu, C. Dwicur. Synopsis of the calanoid crustaceans, exclusive of the Diaptomidae, found in fresh and brackish waters, chiefly of North America. No. 2959, pp. 1-58. PR TUN sey rs ne Ee 8 New family: Senecellidae. MarsuHati, Witi1aAM B. New fresh-water gastropod mollusks of the genus Chilina of South America. No. 2949, pp. 1-6. Pole ptes JT Gee, She tel se eis wae Een i New species: Chilina bullocki, C. theringi, C. Uanquihuensis, C. semplex, C. neuquenensis. een SS Ste and Bowues, Encar O. New fossil fresh-water mollusks from Ecuador. No. 2946, pp. 1-7. December 2, New genera: Sheppardiconcha, Potamolithoides, Ecuadorea. New species: Sheppardiconcha bibliana, Potamolithoides biblianus, Pomacea bibliana, Ecuadorea bibliana. MclInrosu, ALLEN. Description of a tick, Dermacentor halli, from the Texas peccary, with a key to the North American species of Dermacentor. No. 2945, pp. 1-6. October 26, Penney, James T. A new fresh-water sponge from South Carolina. No. 2965, pp. 1-5. September 8, 1933 '______- New species: Spongilla discoides. Pitspry, Henry A. West African snails of the family Achati- nidae in the United States National Museum. No. 2960, Piso ert Saroja oat MR AULA LAs. cEMS New species: Archachatina gaboonensts, A. spectaculum, Pseudo- trochus leat, P. coffeamontis. New subspecies: Pseudotrochus auripigmentum muscarum. New variety: Archachatina gaboonensis lambarenensis. 1 Date of publication. Article 26 18 VI PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM RuEDEMANN, Rupour. Camptostroma, a Lower Cambrian floating hydrozoan. No. 2954, pp. 1-8. March 1, 1933 !_ New genus: Camptostroma. New species: Camptostroma roddyi, C. resseri. ScHwartz, BensaMIN, AND ALicaTa, JosePH E. Description of two parasitic nematodes from the Texas peccary. No. 2956 «ppr'1—6::* March: 29, 193aeuuene Saingee nd _ ALi ee New genus: Parostertagia. New species: Parostertagia heterospiculum. Serzter, Frank M. Pottery of the Hopewell type from Louisiana. No. 2963, pp. 1-21. June 16, 1933 ! Simpson, GeorGr Gaytorp. A new Paleocene mammal from a deep well in Louisiana. No. 2943, pp. 1-4. November 5, 19382}... ..-- 5=). Se) nora ene: New species: Anisonchus fortunatus. Snyper, THomas E. New termites from India. No. 2957, pp.i1=15.) April 28-1933 eco ee eee oe eee New species: Kalotermes (Neotermes) andamanensis, K. (N.) bosei, K. (N.) gardneri, Heterotermes malabaricus, Termes (Termes) dehraduni, T. (Cyclotermes) almorensis, Microtermes pubescens, Nasutitermes (Rotunditermes) anamalaiensis, N. (Subulitermes) gardneri, Microcerotermes beesoni, M. championi. STEJNEGER, LEoNHARD. The Chinese lizards of the genus Gekko. No. 2944, pp. 1-8. November 7, 1932 ! TOWNSEND, CHarLeS H. T. A remarkable new genus and species of two-winged flies related to the Oestridae. No. 2942, pp. 1-4. October 11, 1932! New genus: Oligooestrus. New species: Oligooestrus oestroideus. Watton, A. C. Two new nematodes, and notes on new find- ings of nematodes parasitic in Amphibia. No. 2947, pp. 1—§.° UMareh iy 1933-12 te eR AY een C9) New species: Pharyngodon armatus, Oxysomatium punctatum. Weur, Everert E. A new nematode from the rhea. No. BOOS. pp. 1—O. 1 March 20. hose eo ee ee eee New genus: Odontospirura. New species: Odontospirura cetiopenis. Wermore, ALEXANDER, AND LincoLNn, Frepprick C. Addi- tional notes on the birds of Haiti and the Dominican Re- public. No. 2966, pp. 1-68. December 4, 1933 '___------- 1 Date of publication, Article 13 15 22 16 17 25 CONTENTS Woop, Horace Evmer, 2p. A fossil rhinoceros (Dicera- therium armatum Marsh) from Gallatin County, Montana. Nov2028 mp. 1-4. Marcel 14, 19331... 4u 22.8 ZELIFF, CLARKE Courson. A new protozoan from the larva of the beetle Osmoderma scabra. No. 2964, pp. 1-3. July POPeE OS 3) eee reernnee ie 2 by See ee ne es ee eee New species: Nyctotherus osmodermae. 1 Date of publication. VIL Article 7 23 1-8; 1-4. 1-3. 1. Crossochir koelzi, new genus, new species ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES REVISION OF THE BEETLES OF THE GENUS DisonycHA OccURRING in AMERICA NortTH OF MEXxIco By Doris Holmes Blake Following page Beetles of the genus Disonycha 22222. ere tee eee eee Fossizu PLANTS FROM THE ASPEN SHALE OF SOUTHWESTERN WYOMING By Roland W. Brown Fossil plants from southwestern Wyoming--------.-------------- New GENERA AND SPECIES OF Parasitic MITES OF THE SUPER- FAMILY PARASITOIDEA By H. E. Ewing New species’of parasitic mites... 22252 32 ee en ee ee A CoLLECTION oF BIRDS FROM GREAT NAMAQUALAND, SOUTHWEST AFRICA By Herbert Friedmann . Mount Brukkaros from a distance of about 8 miles. Closer view of Mount Brukkaross 22 222s 2 So ee ere A New Species or Extinct TurRTLE FROM THE UPPER PLIOCENE oF IDAHO By Charles W. Gilmore Pseudemys idahoensis, new species..- 2 2 oo ee ee eee oe CRossOcHIR KOELZI: A NEw CALIFORNIAN SURF-FISH OF THE Famity EMBIOTOCIDAE By Carl L. Hubbs REVIEW OF THE WASPS OF THE SUBFAMILY PSENINAE OF NorRTH AMERICA (HYMENOPTERA: ACULEATA) By J. R. Malloch eer Aspe or the subtamily Pseninae..<...2.5. 222222 VIII 66 10 14 12 16 ILLUSTRATIONS IX SYNOPSIS OF THE CALANOID CRUSTACEANS, EXCLUSIVE OF THE DIAPTOMIDAE, FOUND IN FRESH AND BrackIsH WATERS, CHIEFLY or NortH AMERICA By C. Dwight Marsh Following page Pd. Bpecies of Limnocaianuse= 2-3-2 Lee eee oe te SSE ee Se 58 Dee RNOCALANUS: MOCLULUS= aa ae ae ee ee Oe ones Se 58 2G. Osphranivcuntmaorenccrum. 2) i Seth eee 2G - SSR 58 EWS, SDeCICS! ObsEARIIEMONG cn re ee ee ae a SEE 58 CRY LEMOTGKCONGAENS1S EIA EAL SIGE. che PIM O80. ere 58 Derionesenune lacustris... - ART. 4 A TICK FROM THE TEXAS PECCARY—McINTOSH 3 broad posterodorsal prolongation; greatest dimension of plate, meas- ured from anteroventral angle to tip of posterodorsal prolongation, 5704; maximum breadth, taken perpendicular to the above measure- ment, 8404; with a well-developed chitinized frame, broadest on each side of posterodorsal prolongation: macula elliptical, broadest at middle, 240” long; aperture large: goblets numerous, approximately 100, of medium size, larger than in 2). variabilis, with smaller gran- ules near margin and on prolongation. Legs (pl. 1, figs. 3-5) ornate dorsally, with small punctations and bristles. Coxa I (pl. 1, fig. 6) with two well-developed spurs approximately equal in length, the sharply pointed external spur almost parallel to and well separated from the broad internal spur. Coxae II, III, and IV each with a short well-developed external spur; the internal spur on coxa IT marked by a sharp-edged salient ridge; this morphologic feature is less pronounced on coxa ITT, and there is no indication of an inter- nal spur on coxa ITV. Femur IV armed ventrally with five to six teeth, a strong bristle arising at the base of and distal to each tooth; femurs I, IT, and IIT without teeth but with bristles on ventral sur- face. Tibia and metatarsus of leg IV also provided ventrally with bristles and teethlike elevations: similar bristles are present on the other legs, but the elevations are less conspicuous, decreasing in prominence anteriorly. All tarsi with a ventroterminal tooth, an- other tooth immediately proximal to the terminal one; on tarsus I these two teeth are smaller and more widely spaced; proximal to the subterminal tooth are two or three elevations that are less prom- inent than the teeth: bristles present on all tarsi. Capitulum (pl. 1, fig. 7) 750u long (mediodorsal measurement from tip of hypostome to edge of emargination); its base 570” wide, with whitish mark- ings dorsally; cornua long and pointed; hypostome dentition con- sists of three rows on each side with eight to nine teeth in each row: palps 470u long, hairy, short, and broad, with white markings dor- sally, and with articles II and III each about 230 long; article I with 4 to 5 bristles on internal ventral edge, article IT with 5 to 7, and article III with 2 to 3 such bristles. Female: When flat and unengorged (fig. 1, 6), 4.52 mm long 2.85 mm wide; when engorged 9 mm long by 5.5 mm wide by 3 mm thick; newly emerged female 4.19 mm by 2.14 mm. Body hairy, brownish red, with white on shield, capitulum, and legs; marginal grooves and festoons distinct. Seutum (pl. 1, fig. 8) oval, broadly rounded from the eyes to the apex, and 1.79 mm long by 1.95 mm wide; brownish red with conspicuous white markings, the white and consisting of a broad stripe beginning on each side near the apex of the scapular angle and continuing to the apex of the scutum where the stripes unite with each other; on the mesal margin of each cervi- cal groove is a narrow white stripe, these stripes well separated at 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 first but converging near the center of the scutum, after which the white is much broken up by brown spots; the narrow stripes con- nect posteriorly with the broad stripe of each side; in some speci- mens the white is broken by a large brown spot near the apex of the scutum, in which cases the two narrow stripes of white are connected by a narrow bridge of white in front of the brown spot. The eyes are light brown, bounded on their mesal border by a dark-brown spot, which continues as a brown stripe along the margin of the shield. Cervical grooves short, forming deep lunules anteriorly; fine punctations as in the male, a few scattered deep punctures bear- ing a fine bristle in each lateral area. Fovea about 69, in diameter, 2994 apart, and located 506 from apex of scutum. Venter with punctations and hairs inconspicuous; genital orifice of unengorged females between coxae II, vulva of engorged females on level with interspace of coxae I and II; genital grooves slightly converging immediately posterior to vulva, then diverging gently until they have passed beyond the level of coxa IV; at the latter point they diverge at a wide angle as they extend to the festoons, uniting with the grooves between festoons 2 and 3. Spiracle (pl. 1, fig. 9) oval with a fairly broad posterodorsal prolongation; 5154 long, 400. wide; goblets as in male; macula broad, oval, 280u by 160u. Legs pubes- cent, ornate dorsally: coxa I with spines as in male; femur and tibia IV not marked with spinelike teeth as in male; tarsi similar to male. Capitulum (pl. 1, fig. 10) 730 long, 680 wide at base, and marked with white; porose areas 160u by 115y, oval, diverging anteriorly and spaced about half their width apart; cornua rounded laterally, end- ing in a bladelike spine. Palps similar to males with from 5 to 6 bristles on internal ventral edge of article I, from 5 to 8 on article II, and 3 such bristles on article ILI. Holotype—Male, U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 31500. Allotype—Female, U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 31501. Paratypes.—Three males and one female, U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 31502, and four males and two females, U.S.N.M. Arachnida Coll. No. 1047. Type host—Pecari angulatus angulatus (Cope). Type locality —Kingsville, Tex. Remarks —Of the 12 specimens collected, 8 are males and 4 are females; 2 of the females are engorged and 2 are unengorged. One of the unengorged females is apparently newly emerged. ‘The speci- mens vary somewhat in size in both sexes, as may be observed from the shield measurements given in Table 1. The following combination of characters will aid in separating D. halli from the other species of Dermacentor described from America: (a) The characteristic color pattern of the shield; (b) the absence of numerous deep large punctations; (c) the equal length ART. 4 A TICK FROM THE TEXAS PECCARY——McINTOSH vo of the well-separated spurs of coxa I; (d) the broad posterodorsal prolongation of the stigmal plate; and (e) the broad, posteriorly rounded shield of the female. TABLE 1.—NShield measurements of eight male and four female specimens of Dermacentor halli Males | Females | | Length | Width | Length | Width Length | Width | | Mim Mm Mm Mm Mim Mm ee 4x0 Zag 3.8 2. 45 21.79 21.95 | 4.38 2.8 38 | 288 | 9177 | 1.77 | | 4. 09 2.61 3.76 | 2.38 | Seley) 31.65 | | 3. 85 2.8 1 3. 66 | 12.14 | 41.67 * 1.56 | 1Slightly deformed. * Flat, unengorged. * Engorged. 4 Newly emerged. The species of the genus Dermacentor reported from North Amer- ica may be distinguished with the aid of the following key: KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS DERMACENTOR 1. Stigmal plate without distinct dorsal prolongation________________--_--- 2, Stigmal plate wath distinct dorsal prolongation=-_-______+________-______ 4 Pe Shield conspicuously marked with white=—=22- = _-) == albipictus * Shield without white rust, or with very little white______________________ 3 3. Stigmal plate with only few (usually 4 to 10) large isolated on =I goblets; males with only 8 impressed lines behind; no white on shield; spurs of coxa I widely separated Stigmal plate with many, more crowded, medium-sized goblets ; males with 12 impressed lines behind; shield usually without Whites spurs of coxa: Ll close together. -— = nigrolineatus . Spurs of coxa I of equal length 5 SDULSBOLCOxd sO UNeCQUalal engthe = sas seers ee ee ee eee l Spurs of coxa I widely separated ; shield with mostly small shal- low punctations; stigmal plate with broad dorsal prolongation__~-~~~~ halli Spurs of coxa I close together; shield with many deep large UG RT CeCe As 1 Sea see ee ee Cornua of medium length; stigmal plate with minute goblets, and short, broad dorsal prolongation ; white on male shield ar- ranged more or less in longitudinal stripes_____________________ variabilis Cornua extra long, especially in male; stigmal plate with me- dium-sized goblets and well-developed dorsal prolongation ; white on male shield uniformly diffused, broken by small brown spots and by numerous deep punctations______________ occidentalis Internal spur of coxa I slightly longer than external spur; cornua well developed; shield with mostly small punctations ; stigmal plate with comparatively few goblets and narrow dor- sal prolongation especially long and narrow in male_____-_-_-_- hunteri 2D. salmoni Stiles, 1910, will key out with D. albipictus. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82, ArT. 4 External spur of coxa I usually slightly longer than internal spur: cornua of moderate length; shield with numerous large deep. punctations 2425 223 oe eS Se ee era ee S Spurs of coxa I parallel and close together; shield well marked with white; pseudoscutum of male outlined with white_--______ andersoni ° Spurs of coxa I divergent, and well separated at least near the ASL TD SS pepe ss EO EN CL sy tab hg Cones 0 TT ee 9 Sineldawithtenonwhite: 25.52 eee eee ee er parumapertus Shield of female marked with white at apex; male shield with from 1 to 4 small irregular spots of white along each lateral groove_____ Boe 2 ae ee parumapertus yar. marginatus °D. venustus and D. modestus Banks, 1909, will key out with D. andersoni. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82, ART. 4 Brea DERMACENTOR HALLI 2, right stigmal plate of male; 3 1. Scutum of male; 2 5, right leg I of male: 4, left leg ft coxae of male: 7, capitulum of male: 9, left stigmal plate of female; 10, capitulum of female. III of male; 5, left leg IV of male; 6, le S. scutum of female ; U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1932 NEW FOSSIL FRESH-WATER MOLLUSKS FROM ECUADOR By Wuu1am B. MarsyHarn Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, United States Mational Musewm and Epear O. Bow tes George Washington University, Washington, D. C. Specimens of fossil fresh-water mollusks recently received from Dr. George Sheppard, Geologo del Estado, Republica del Ecuador, yield three new genera, each represented by one new species, and a new species of Pomacea. They were collected by Doctor Sheppard in the vicinity of the towns of Biblian and Paccha, Ecuador. Until recently both these towns were in the Province of Canar, in southern Ecuador. A recent change in provincial boundaries leaves Biblian in Canar but places Paccha in the adjoining province, Azuay. The junior author has supplied the following data referring to the two localities, which lie on the watershed between the Atlantic and the Pacific: Biblian lies a few miles northeast of the provincial capital, Azogues, and a little southeast of the city of Canar. It is located on the northwest bank of a small river, tributary of the Rio Paute, the waters of which, by way of the Rio Santiago and the Rio Maranon, reach the Amazon in western Brazil. About 7 or 8 miles north, and coming from some distance east, is a tributary of the Rio Canar, which flows into the Rio Naranjal of the Pacific drainage. Between the Naranjal and the Paute is a range of mountains, approximately 12,140 feet in altitude. Azogues, but a mile or two downstream from Biblian, has an altitude of about 8,200 feet, indicating a rapidly descending river, probably with high banks. Paccha, now in the Province of Azuay, is a much smaller town, considerably south of Biblian and lying between the Rio Paute and a tributary, the Rio Quingeo. It is situated in a high valley, sur- rounded by hills, except on the side toward the Rio Paute, which here flows in an east-northeast direction. Southwest, toward the Rio Quingeo, is a high pass, but most of the surrounding country is less than 10,830 feet in altitude. Cuenca, on the Rio Matadero, a western No. 2946.—PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 82, ART. 5 139389—32 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou, 82 tributary of the Rio Paute, is the nearest large town, about 4 or 5 miles to the west. The Rio Matadero rises in the Cajas lakes, on the divide, probably the extreme western reach of the Atlantic drainage system in southern Ecuador, and perhaps in all South America. These are the nearest lakes of the Atlantic system, and consist of a number of large bodies of water in lofty valleys in the passes of Cajas. To the southwest are many small rivers, tributaries of the larger coastal rivers of the Pacific drainage.* At present there are no reliable data to establish the age of the deposits, but as none of the species and none of the genera except Pomacea occur in the recent fauna, it is probable that the age can not be later than Pliocene, and it may be earlier. The formation is exclusively of fresh-water origin, as all the species found require a fresh-water habitat. In a former paper the senior author (Marshall, 1928) described and discussed several new genera and species of pearly fresh-water mussels from Pebas, Peru. Other authors had already described from that formation various land, fresh-water, and brackish-water shells, and a few which are doubt- fully classed as marine. The land shells must, of course, have been washed in from the countryside. Pebas is about 325 feet above sea level. Biblian is at least 8,000 feet above the sea and by air-line is only about 450 nautical miles from Pebas, although by the tortuous rivers it may be twice that far. The occurrence of fresh-water, brackish-water, and marine(?) species at Pebas suggests the possibility that formerly the locality was occu- pied by an estuary in which the brackish-water and marine species found a natural habitat. The inner reaches of the estuary may have been suitable for fresh-water species, just as is the case with the Rio de la Plata, in which very fine specimens of fresh-water mussels are found living, especially along the shores of Colonia. It is pos- sible also that the species were washed down from fresh waters of higher levels. Investigation of the region between Pebas and Biblian may yield other fresh-water deposits, which will exp!ain the mixed fossil molluscan fauna found at Pebas. As the fossil fresh-water species found at Biblian and Pebas seem to be of the same geologic age and as the two localities lie on the same stream, it appears likely that there is an intimate geological relationship existing between the two places. The presence of Pomacea in the deposit at Biblian may indicate a quiet-water habitat, as the recent species of the genus de- hght in placid waters. 1Most of the above notes were obtained from charts and relief models owned by the Pan American Union. An instructive map of the watershed of Ecuador was published recently by Edward W. Berry (1929, p. 80). ART. 5 NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS—MARSHALL AND BOWLES 3 The material filling the shells and molds of the fresh-water mussels and the mold of Pomacea (Ampullaria) is a light-gray calcareous sandstone. The surface of these specimens is yellowish brown, owing to a ferruginous-clay stain. The matrix of the Sheppardiconcha and the Potamolithoides is the same calcareous sandstone mentioned above, but the surface is grayish white, with little of the ferruginous stain. The grayish sandstone in the single valves of the mussels con- tains fossils and imprints of the shells of Sheppardiconcha, which, when they occur thus, are lightly coated with the ferruginous stain. SHEPPARDICONCHA, new genus Fresh-water gastropod mollusks with turritelliform spire, roundish aperture, which apparently is somewhat produced at the columellar side. Type species—Sheppardiconcha bibliana, new species, described in this paper. Remarks.—This genus differs from Hemisinus Swainson in the turritellalike spire and in the rounded aperture. In Hemisinus the aperture is elongate and has a distinct anterior canal, making some of the species, notably the type, Hemésinus lineolatus Wood, resemble a very elongate Planaxis. Hemisinus tuberculiferus Conrad is not a Hemisinus, but belongs in Sheppardiconcha. Hemisinus steert Conrad is apparently properly placed in the genus Hemisinus. SHEPPARDICONCHA BIBLIANA, new species PLATE 1, FIGURE 6 Shell turritelliform, imperforate, whorls numerous, slowly in- creasing in size, somewhat flattened. Longitudinal sculpture con- sisting of sinuous, slightly protractive incremental striae. Spiral sculpture of five strong, obscurely nodulous lirae on the surface of the whorls of the spire and one sunk in the suture. The upper lira and the one just above the suture a little stronger than the others and forming between them a deep channel marking the suture. Base worn but showing the remains of several lirae. Aperture roundish, columella curving forward. Type—U.S.N.M. No. 372837 measures: Length (upper whorls missing), 20 mm; diameter, 8.5 mm. It and a number of paratypes (U.S.N.M. No. 372838) come from Biblian, Province of Canar, Ecua- dor. U.S.N.M. No. 3872839 includes a large number of specimens from Paccha, Province of Azuay. Remarks.—The striking features of this species are the turritella- like form, the deeply channeled sutures, and the spiral lirae. It is related to “ Hemisinus” tuberculiferus Conrad, of the Pebas group 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 82 in the Upper Amazon region of Peru, and that species also probably belongs in Sheppardiconcha. ‘The species attains a much larger size than that of the type. A fragment consisting of little more than a single whorl has a diameter of 13 mm. POTAMOLITHOIDES, new genus Shell small, resembling Potamolithus but with spire ee and base widely umbilicate or deeply excavate. Type species —Potamolithoides biblianus, new species, dekacihal in this paper. POTAMOLITHOIDES BIBLIANUS, new species PLATE 1, Ficures 1-3 Shell small, somewhat beehive form. Apical whorls depressed, planorbiform, the embryonic whorl shghtly sunken. Whorls rap- idly increasing, flattish on the upper surface, body whorl large, subangular at the periphery, sutures linear. Base flat, widely umbil- icate (or deeply excavate). Aperture oblique, outer lip thin, basal lip sinuate. Parietal wall with a thick, upstanding callus which makes the peritreme continuous. _ Type—uvU.S.N.M. No. 372840 measures: Height, 3.5 mm; greater diameter, 5 mm. It and many paratypes (U.S.N.M. No. 372841) come from Biblian, Province of Canar, Ecuador. The largest para- type measures: Height, 5 mm; greater diameter, 7 mm. Remarks.—This is a fresh-water mollusk. Among recent shells its nearest relative seems to be Potamolithus, of which many species occur in the La Plata drainage, Uruguay, and southeastern Brazil. It may belong in the family Amnicolidae. Genus POMACEA Perry POMACEA BIBLIANA, new species PuatTe 1, Ficures 4, 5 A mold showing that the shell had a depressed, nearly flat spire, rapidly increasing whorls, and ample body whorl which formed two-thirds of the whole shell, and a wide umbilicus. (The sub- angular periphery in front of the aperture is probably due to the whorl having been subject to pressure.) Type—uU.S.N.M. No. 372842 measures: Height, 20 mm; greatest diameter, 30 mm. It comes from Biblian, Province of Canar, Ecuador. Remarks.—There is no doubt that this is a Pomacea (until re- cently better known as Ampullaria) and therefore of fresh-water origin. While only a mold it is deemed worthy of description, as it affords additional evidence that the formation was derived ex- clusively from fresh-water deposits. ART. 5 NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS—MARSHALL AND BOWLES 5 ECUADORBEA, new genus Fossil pearly fresh-water mussels of the subfamily Hyrianae * with plentiful radial sculpture similar to that of Dzplodon and still more similar to that of Hyria. The radial ribs are arranged in a V pat- tern, each V nesting in a succeeding one. Posterior dorsal area with several plicae crossing it obliquely to the margin. Type species—Ecuadorea bibliana, new species, described in this paper. Remarks.—It is difficult to decide the relationships of this genus to recent genera. Like Prodiplodon Marshall, from which it differs mainly in the flutings on the posterior dorsal area, it stands midway between Hyria Lamarck and Diplodon Spix. Its sculpture is more like that of Hyria, but it lacks the anterior clawlike projection, the symphynote posterior wing, and the very oblique appearance caused by the anterior end being very narrow while the posterior end is very broad. Several species of Hyria have somewhat similar flutings on the posterior dorsal area. In form the shell is more like Diplodon, but that genus in not so plentifully sculptured. ECUADOREA BIBLIANA, new species PLATE 1, FIGURES 7, 8 Shell rather compressed, subelliptic, slightly narrower in front. Concentric sculpture of fine growth striae, with a few of the rest periods a little accentuated. Radial sculpture of a number of riblets so arranged as to form a series of V’s, each nesting into the succeed- ing one, and with other riblets at the front and back which if con- tinued would form additional V’s. The anterior prong of each V is narrow, clear-cut, and nearly straight. The posterior prong is heavier and more irregular and curves toward the front end of the shell. At the lower end where the radial sculpture dies out the sur- face is somewhat pimpled. The posterior dorsal area with several (five or six) distinct cordlike fiutings running across it to the margin The dorsal and ventral margins both arcuate. Type.—uvU.S.N.M. No. 372843 measures: Length, approximately 33 mm; height, 24 mm; diameter, about 11 mm. It and a paratype (U.S.N.M. No. 372844) come from Biblian, Province of Canar, Ecuador. Remarks.—In sculpture this species closely resembles Castalia pazi Hidalgo, of the Province of Imbabura, Ecuador, which, however, does not have flutings on the posterior dorsal area. 2Simpson places this subfamily in the Unionidae, while Ortmann places it in the Mutelidae. The latter will probably prove correct, but can not be accepted until the supposed lasidium embryo of the latter is proved a mistake. See Marshall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus:, vol. 79, art. 23, p.. 12, 1931. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM you, 82 Genus ANODONTITES (?) Bruguiére U.S.N.M. No. 372845 includes a number of casts from Bib- lian that evidently were made in pearly fresh-water mussel shells. A few of them show remains of the shell on the surface. These fragments seem to have had a rather thick prismatic layer, which leads to the belief that the species belongs to the genus Anodontites, as a thick prismatic layer is one of the features of that genus. In most of the specimens one valve has slipped toward the ventral margin so that its beak is beneath the beak of the other valve. This slipping likewise may indicate the genus Anodontites, which has no teeth of any kind to serve to hold the two valves in place. The hinges of other fresh-water mussels of the region have pseudocardinal and lateral teeth, the former serving to direct the valves when the shell is closing and both helping to hold the valves in position when closed. As the teeth in one valve interlock with those of the other, force enough to break the teeth is necessary to make the valves slip. NOTE ON DISTRIBUTION OF RECENT NAIADES The great majority of recent South American naiades are found in the Atlantic drainage. On the Pacific side of the Andes almost none occur north of Chile. Diplodon atratus (Sowerby) * has been reported from Peru. Castalia crosseana Hidalgo* and Diplodon pazi (Hidalgo) ® were described as coming from the Province of Imbabura, Ecuador, which lies almost wholly in the Pacific drainage, although it seems probable that some small streams in its eastern part may drain into the Atlantic. Castalia crosseana is unrelated to any form found in the Pacific drainage, and it is of interest that its nearest relative is Castalia linki (Marshall) ° of the River Sinu, Colombia, Caribbean drainage. Diplodon pazt has no relative in the Pacific drainage, but many in the Atlantic. The beak sculpture of all naiades on the Pacific side of the Andes is much reduced, consisting of a few radial bars, which occupy a small area at the beaks. The sculpture of many genera and species in the Atlantic drainage is bold, often occupying a large area. In some specimens of Hyria rugosissima Sowerby, a large species, the sculpture covers nearly the whole shell. 8 Unio atratus Sowerby, 1839. Conchological manual, fig. 148. * Castalia crosseana Hidalgo, 1865. Journ. Conchyl., p. 316, pl. 14, fig. 2. 5 Castalia pazi Hidalgo, 1868. Journ. Conchyl., p. 353, pl. 13, fig. 6. 6 Tetraplodon linki Marshall, 1926. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 69, art. 12, p. 6, pl. 1, Hes216, 005) Dla 3, fe. 2. ART. 5 NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSKS—MARSHALL AND BOWLES a BIBLIOGRAPHY Students of the Tertiary paleontology of the Upper Amazon and its tributaries will find the following list of publications helpful: 1869. Gass, W. M.: Descriptions of fossils from the clay deposits of the Upper Amazon. Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. 4, pp. 197-200, pl. 16. 1871. WoopwarD, Henry: The Tertiary shells of the Amazon Valley. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 7, pp. 59-64. 1871. Conrap, T. A.: Descriptions of new fossil shells of the Upper Amazon. Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. 6, pp. 192-198, pl. 10. 1872. Dati, W. H.: Note on the genus Anisothyris Conrad, with a description of a new species. Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. 7, pp. 89-92. 1872. Harrr, C. F.: On the Tertiary basin of the Maranon. Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, ser. 3, vol. 4, pp. 53-58. 1874. Conran, T. A.: Description of two new fossil shells of the Upper Amazon. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 26, pp. 82, 83. Remarks on the Tertiary clay of the Upper Amazon, with descriptions of new shells. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 26, pp. 25-382. 1878. BortrceR, OskKAR: Die Tertiarfauna von Pebas am oberen Maranon. K. K. Reichsanstalt, vol. 28, pp. 485-504, pls. 18, 14. 1879. Brown, C. BARRINGTON: On the Tertiary deposits on the Solimoes and Javary Rivers in Brazil. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe. London, vol. 35, pp. 77-82. 1879. ErHerripcn, R.: Note on the Mollusca collected by C. Barrington Brown from the Tertiary deposits of Solimoces and Javary Rivers, Brazil. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe. London, vol. 35, pp. 83-88, pl. 7. (This paper is an appendix to the preceding one.) 1892. Wor, TEoporo: Geografia y geologia del Ecuador, publicada pcr orden del supremo gobierno de la Republica, 671 pp. Leipzig. 1924, OLIVIERA Roxo, M. G. dE: Breve noticia sobre os fosseis terciarios do Alto Amazonas. Bol. Serv. Geol. e Min. Brasil, no. 11, pp. 41-52, 1 pl. 1925. Maury, CARLOTTA JOAQUINA: Fosseis terciarios do Brasil com deseripcao de nuovas formas cretaceas. Brasil Sery. Geol. e Min. Mon. 1925, vol. 4, 711 pp., 24 pls. 1926. Wooprine, W. P.: [Review of the preceding.] Journ. Geol., vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 843-846, Nov.—Dec. 1927. GarpNgER, JuLIA A.: A recent collection of late Pliocene invertebrates from the headwaters of the Amazon. Jcurn. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 17, no. 20, pp. 505-509. 1928. MarsHALL, WILLIAM B.: New fossil pearly fresh-water mussels from deposits on the Upper Amazon of Peru. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 74, art. 3, pp. 1-6, pl. 1. 1929. STEINMANN, G.: Geologie von Peru, 448 pp., illus. Heidelberg. 1929. Berry, Epwarp W.: The fossil flora of the Loja Basin in southern Ecuadcr. Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies in Geol., no. 10, pp. 79-135, 5 pls. (Contains a map of the watershed of Ecuador.) U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1932 ents | Hi weit } pa P IR i OR AROL CH i ah ieee gett fies.) alieit i A Ofte \ > sGaie a featy Le bpd” ree Bae U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82, ART. 5 PE: 1 FOSSIL MOLLUSKS FROM ECUADOR 1-8, Potamolithoides biblianus, new species, type, X 5; 4,5, Pomacea bibliana, new species, type, natural size; 6, Sheppardiconcha bibliana, new species, type, X 2; 7, Ecuadorea bibliana, new species, natural size; 8, E. bibliana, type, X 5. TWO NEW NEMATODES, AND NOTES ON NEW FINDINGS OF NEMATODES PARASITIC IN AMPHIBIA ! By A. C. Watton Knox College, Galesburg, Ill. Through the courtesy of Dr. M. C. Hall, chief of the zoological division of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, a number of unnamed nematode parasites of amphibian hosts were recently sent to the writer for examination. Two apparently new species were found, and new host records for several other little-known species were obtained. The genus Pharyngodon is represented up to this time by only one species that has been reported from an amphibian host: P. batra- chiensis Walton, 1929, from a tadpole of Rana pipiens. Female worms taken from adult specimens of Rana pipiens and of R. clamitans afford the basis for establishing a second species from amphibian hosts. PHARYNGODON ARMATUS, new species FiaureE 1, a-c Specific diagnosis —Pharyngodon: Male, unknown. female, short (3.5 mm long), of medium width (240u), and tapering abruptly at the posterior end to a naked spikelike tail. Anterior end shows distinct annulations, which become indistinct caudad; inconspicuous lateral flanges present. Mouth surrounded by three indistinct lips; no buccal cavity or vestibule present, but the pharynx seems to be protected by chitinous plates for a short distance back from the mouth. [Excretory pore, like that of the other species from an amphibian host, is opposite, instead of caudad to, the esophageal bulb. Vulva just in front of midregion of body. Eggs a very slightly flattened ovoid with but one distinct terminal plug; segmented (4- or 8-celled) at time of oviposition. This form resembles P. batrachiensis, but in view of the presence of the armored pharynx, the relatively different measurements of important structures, and the difference in the eggs, the variations seein to be of specific importance. 1 Contribution No. 42 from the Biological Laboratories of Knox College. No. 2947.—PROcEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 82, ART. 6 150257—33 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 82 FIGURE 1.—a, Pharyngodon armatus, lateral view of anterior end of female; b, P. armatus, lateral view of posterior end of female; c, P. armatus, egg; d, Orysomatium punctatum, lateral view of anterior end of female; e, O. punctatum, lateral view of posterior end of female; f, O. pwnctatwm, vulvar region; g, O. punctatum, intra-uterine larva. Scale for all figures equals 0.1 mm Art. 6 TWO NEW NEMATODES—WALTON 3 The general measurements of the females of the two species are as follows: Measurement P, armatus P. batrachiensis Rotaltaverngerlongiuhers 22 2-- seers ee fate ere Sores oes 4.2mm. WHOALRIAT AV ULV a esse na nn ee oe eet RE ee eae oe ee } 0.24 mm_.-_-__-- 0.36 min. Meng hiovesophaguse .-----2- nse cena ee ere eee 0:28 mame 22 === 0.56 mm. MSophageslsbulbss- 296 Ses Sa eats eos - es Renee 2 Pe 0.15 by 0.15 mm_| 0.125 by 0.15 mm, Mistancovrom NeLVe WIN tOlipSs= ==. 2 = ee eee ee 0.175 mm_-____-__] 0.165 mm. Distancetrom: excretory pore to lips__--—___ 2- _-=___-_-2_=_ = 2 2 se O36imirne--- 0.61 mm. HistancepronwvillvartonipS_=b 22s see ees ee Se eee ee LEB see 1.8 mm. MISTANCEMLOMLANIS COMI Ol SDIK@s=2===— — ee eee oe Seen eee Obamas 0.9 mm. PCH ELL OUSDI RG tan Sane anne eae es oe Ee Moe. Oe Re eee QO >amrnesee oe 0.75 mm. Fig pSee pres eeses site a Oe! Leth ie Dn eee Reales ont 2 ee Ee 60u by 100u (4to | 354 by 1004 (1 8 celled). celled). The name armatus is given because of the armored condition of the anterior end of the esophagus. Type specimens.—U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. (Bureau of Animal Industry) No. 27061. From Rana pipiens and R. clamitans, intestine. Collected by Bruce Reynolds, August, 1927, at University, Va. OXYSOMATIUM PUNCTATUM, new species Fiaure 1, d-g Material collected from Rana vittigera (Los Bafios, Philippine Is- lands) includes female specimens of a species of Oxysomatium, which differs from the other previously described species from the same area in several important features. Specific diagnosis.—Oxysomatium: Lips distinct and each provided with two papillae. Head definitely separated by a constriction from the rest of the body, a characteristic not found in other species of this genus. Male, unknown. Female, 3.6 mm long. Anterior end of worm characterized by the presence of small cuticular bosses, again a specific character for this species only. A very short pharynx precedes the short esophagus, which is followed by a distinct flasklike bulb opening into a greatly dilated intestine. Lateral alae extend from lip region to base of tail spike. Vulva in anterior half of body. Uteri opposed; ovaries amphidelphous. Eggs contained well-defined larvae, some of which are apparently hatched in utero. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 82 The average measurements as compared with those of the females of the other species recently reported from Philippine amphibian hosts are as follows: Measurement O. punctatum O. ranae oval AVeracONebMUbs == —2=6= 62 anon han = on ae S.O0nm ===. 5. S22 sess 3.8 mm. WHHCniatnCUlUne tee 8 ee Se eee O!24 mimeo eee 0.23 mm. PONG UnsOL DORUMIS 2-2 oe Pee een a See 0045: mim == == es 0.03 mm. One tntoOnMesODNSPtIS= =~ 22 sean ee ae ae eee O:SimmE= see 0.265 mm. Esophageal bulbi*.--.-—- =. 2252-4 oso-a-- =o secee = seen = 105uiDy W522 - = 65u by 85pu. Distance from nerve ring to lips._---:----------------------- OMS sos es 0.15 mm. Distance from excretory pore to lips._----------------------- O28 eee ee 0.28 mm. Pistancetrom vulva coulips- = = sb a he eee Gimmmisia2= 2 eee 1.8 mm. Wistancedromanus LO tip Of tall- eee Obie eee 0.23 mm. IPOS 2 o2 ee eee eee ee he Sen owe se eS 5S ee 62 ibydlObgess= een 56 by 76m. Larvae tn Uher0scssca- 2ccose ss 2s seer ew enetewseeeeee Ip-by- 420pes-s2225-22 Present. The name punctatum is given because of the characteristic cuticular bosses of the anterior end of the worm. Type specimens.—U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. (Bureau of Animal In- dustry) No. 25874. From Rana vittigera, intestine. Collected by B. Schwartz, 1921-22, Los Bafios, Philippine Islands. RECORDS OF NEMATODES PARASITIC IN AMPHIBIA The following list gives the already known species in the collection and indicates their host distribution, many of which are new records: 1. Agamascaris odontocephala Steiner, 1924. From Rana cates- beiana, Virginia, U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 1569; Rana catesbeiana, Washington, D. C., U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 7864; Rana clamitans, Washington, D. C., U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 2298; Rana clamitans and R. sylvatica, Baltimore, Md., U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 2864; “frogs,” Washington, D. C., U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 2865. The other reported host is Hyla cinerea, United States. 2. Zanclophorus ecryptobranchi Walton, 1930. From ‘‘Crypto- branchus,”’ Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 15700. The only known host is Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, United States. 3. Aplectana americana Walton, 1929. From Scaphiopus couchia, Texas, U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 27895. The other reported hosts are Rana catesbeiana, R. palustris, and R. pipiens, all from the United States. 4. Oxysomatium ranae Walton, 1931. From ‘‘frogs,’”’ Los Bafios, Philippine Islands. The only identified host is Rana magna (?), Luzon, Philippine Islands. 5. Rhabdias ranae Walton, 1929. From ‘‘frogs,’’ Washington, D. C., U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 26828. Other known hosts are Acris gryllus, Rana halecina, R. palustris, R. pipiens, and R. spheno- cephala, all from the United States. Art. 6 TWO NEW NEMATODES—WALTON 5 Travassos (1930) argues that Rhabdias ranae Walton, 1929, is in reality Rhabdias entomelas (Leidy, 1851) Travassos, 1930. The original description by Leidy might refer to any species of the genus Rhabdias, and since there are several species reported from the United States it seems impossible to determine which one of these Leidy might have had at hand. It is evident that Leidy recognized that his form was not Rhabdias bufonis, but until better proof is offered, it can not be stated a priori that the first modern description of a species of Rhabdias other than R. bufonis from North American frogs must necessarily be a redescription of the Ascaris entomelas of Leidy, 1851. 6. Oswaldocruzia leidyi Travassos, 1917. From Pseudacris feriarum, Virginia, U.S.N.M. Helm. Coll. No. 19414. The other reported hosts are Bufo americanus and Hyla cinerea, both from the United States. REFERENCES STEINER, G. 1924. Some nemas from the alimentary tract of the Carolina tree frog (Hyla carolinensis Pennant). Journ. Parasitology, vol. 11, pp. 1-82, pls. 1-11. Travassos, Lauro. 1917. Trichostrongylinas brazileiras, Oswaldocruzia, n. gen. Brazil-Medico, Voli. ol, no; 9; p. @3.. Mar=3. 1930. Pesquizas helminthologicas realisadas em Hamburgo VII. Notas sobre os Rhabdiasoidea Railliet, 1916. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 161-181, 42 figs. Watton, A. C. 1929. Studies on some nematodes of North American frogs. I. Journ. Parasitology, vol. 15, pp. 227-240, pls. 16-20. 1930. Studies on some nematodes of North American Amphibia. II. Crypto- branchidae. Journ. Parasitology, vol. 19, pp. 20—24, 1 pl. 1931. A new parasite of Philippine Amphibia. Philippine Journ. Sci., 1931, pp. 351-358, 1 fig. U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1933 by wxoboit Jenil alt ! A bisa. iaoth sinnte oe Si eae i spt Bence. oat bieek ‘o 6. Nee atid 1 tings ortt cock itor Sani eae Sita: sannashy capiapatnsin, p rebseitis that: i iss. f" iy’ ‘ Riasisieis prt en spa libailhs alt atov] sateen Sie eset, i ia ae clef 28 cegee REE sige: erttinadat Lotiel Lineniet maar Sas char * ‘ eh ike aS a i i 1 ea a ey LVGe - ie ee Le AR rte uy be Ct NS a ; Feit OR Tal COLA TART hosts nig tienes 0) 0: sciash a dials aitgetandante THe em E mn se # hee Lalo’ rinuti eH sh “apenas Ji Wh Estee ORY ‘RLY Gb lez a0: olagd one PERL. ‘ali i pascenoamtaniertan Cae hie * if we ge Han SE DBT fed oat & wa: OES es eda, tte § POTS tes shew th le ee ig ia “pst fee neti * icy E: at whe oreatdy fet ee deve ok s ay ve cee ok aig A creer, diholiiioik bata: sseibe. tale ia. 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Uracr pison, SY 27 tes 3G 4 7 ® 7 : ~~ mt pS wit) Che eiernie indet tetn ting OF ly ilies hy an UCU Cine Noid tn Ty er sert it DEal ts #7) Read 7 a. Pe oF Styli. Bent art Wun Cpe (se tiers sof ne ne hie? Ay a Be, Gok POPE ri ibews ena s ‘estps Meihie ta «hola - Ne ete All vu eats Ol Ree iar masher , a b= Prone anes, © NAS THA Aleta. wel ee, Las” TT) - i > 7 - | * a 7 _ _ 7 , A FOSSIL RHINOCEROS (DICERATHERIUM ARMATUM MARSH) FROM GALLATIN COUNTY, MONTANA By Horace Etmerr Woon, 2p Dana College, Newark, New Jersey The United States National Museum has in its collections a partial skull of a rhinoceros (No. 11682), consisting of the front with nasals and most of the upper cheek teeth. Associated are two skull frag- ments, one including the right glenoid region, the other the left glenoid region, the skull roof, and the basisphenoid. The material was cok lected by C. A. Kinsey, of Belgrade, Mont., about 2 miles south by west of the present town of Three Forks and 1% or 2 miles west of the Madison River. The position (see 1928 U. S. Forest Service map of Gallatin National Forest) is in sec. 11, T. 1 N., R. 1 E., at the end of a point jutting out from the western side of the bench in the fork of the roads south from Three Forks. On the Three Forks sheet of the United States Geological Survey topographic map, edition of 1895, reprinted in 1920, Three Forks occupies its former position. The locality, on this map, is situated near the northern end of the intermit- tent stream that drains toward the Jefferson River, between the Madison River and Willow Creek. The nearest outcrops of the Mad- ison Valley formation on the east bank of the Madison River are 2 to 3 miles to the east. With exemplary public spirit, Mr. Kinsey presented this material to the United States National Museum. He furnished the data regarding the locality and sent me, for study, the other rhinoceros material from this region, referred to in this paper. C. W. Gilmore kindly submitted the specimen to me for description. I am indebted to Prof. C. C. Mook, who checked my interpretation of the stratig- raphy of this occurrence on the basis of his personal acquaintance with the region. The skull in question (see pls. 1-3) is that of one of the larger Amer- ican pair-horned rhinoceroses, and is clearly referable to the genus Diceratherium in the restricted sense. It is equally clear that it is close to the type species, D. armatum Marsh. (For figures of the type of D. armatum, see Peterson, 1920, fig. 10 and pl. 57; also Troxell, 1921, fig. 5.) The tooth pattern is rather simple. Aljl four premolars have their cross-lophs complete and parallel. Except for the mures, No. 2948.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSsEuM, VOL. 82, ART. 7 150258—33 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL 82 which dam the median valleys of P?~*, no accessory folds occur on the cheek teeth. Although the teeth are worn, there can be no doubt of the presence of mures on P?~* as in D. armatum (Yale Peabody Museum No. 10235) from the Upper Oligocene of the north fork of White River (presumably in South Dakota rather than Nebraska). The type (Y. P. M. No. 10003), from the John Day of Oregon, like- wise has mures on P?~*, but differs in their absence on the fourth premolars. The internal cingula are interrupted by both protocone and hypocone in P! and M!, and are complete in P?~* and M’*. The protocone of M? is moderately demarked from the protoconule by grooves, both anteriorly and posteriorly ; that of M*is barely demarked from the protoconule anteriorly and is set off by a moderate constric- tion to the rear. This is the typical condition in members of the Subhyracodon—Dicerathervum line. The nasal horn cores are somewhat less elongated and rather more prominent and everted than in either of the other two skulls of D. armatum. The infraorbital canal opens above the anterior portion of P’. The greatest apparent difference from the type specimen is that in the Montana individual the nasals extend almost twice as far in front of the horn cores. However, as indicated by Peterson (1920, fig. 10, p. 415, and pl. 57), the anterior ends of the nasals are broken off in the type so that this difference has no real significance. The Montana specimen is almost exactly the same size as the type of D. armatum, as shown by the measurements in Table 1; in fact, my measurements of the Montana skull are as close to either Troxell’s or Peterson’s measurements of the type skull as their measurements of that skull are to each other. Inspection of these figures indicates that such dis- crepancies as occur are due to choice of different loci for taking meas- urements. The chief discrepancy is in the antero-posterior dimension of the individual teeth. If the greatest measurement along the ectoloph is taken, instead of the length along the midline of the tooth, the agreement is considerably closer. There is, then, every reason for referring the Montana skull to Diceratherium armatum Marsh, as even the individual differences are of rather a minor character. From the viewpoint of paleogeographic distribution, this specimen of D. armatum partially connects the two previously widely separated occurrences of this species in Oregon and the Great Plains. This specimen’s chief importance, however, is that it dates, in part at least, the beds on the west side of the lower Madison River, which are apparently unconformable below the late Miocene or early Pliocene Madison Valley formation. Douglass, in 1903 (p. 149), perhaps re- ferred to these beds, saying: “‘In the lower Madison Valley, where the upper [White River] beds are so well exposed, the material is mostly fine. The exact horizon of these upper beds is uncertain, as no good mammals have been found, but they lie unconformably under the ART. 7 A FOSSIL RHINOCEROS FROM MONTANA—WOOD 3 Loup Fork. I have always considered them as White River.’”’ The discovery of this skull is an approximate confirmation of Douglass’s opinion. That the beds on the west side of the Madison River, south of Three Forks, may not be of John Day age, throughout, is suggested by a right M® referable to (?)Aphelops ceratorhinus Douglass in Mr. Kinsey’s collection. (Douglass collected the type specimen in the lower Madison Valley, about 5 miles south of Logan.) Mr. Kinsey found this tooth, in loose dirt, on the opposite (southern) side of the westwardly jutting point on which he found the Diceratherium skull. TABLE 1.— Measurements of two specimens of Diceratherium armatum Marsh U.S.N.M. No. 11682 | Y-P-M. No. 10003 (HOLOTYPE) MEASUREMENT After After Right Left Troxell, | Peterson, 1921 1920 Mm Mm Mm Mm BE NS ee a ee Pn es ee ee i ieee 250! (0); ae See = 254 248 PENG Sct aes. Seen eee MRS eee See. See to D25LO heaves a ER ee eS Sane ee PP nt eee oe ean ee eo en ou es 128.0 128.7 120) ew sceeoee ee eee a ae i a hee EE 102.0 LOANG ESE PS: olalehes 2 NL RS SA I SES COE ed ae ye ee eae AQG 0 |e Sate sso 144) PEA pare ee ae ee ee ee ee ee oe ee 26.5 26.5 29 29 TEN, ty ee eee oe ew Se ee ee ee o 22.4 o 23.1 27 24 a AS See a ee era Nee ae Sm Re Se ene te a te 3151 31.5 33 31 Pesaro fa ke I a ere eens Sa ee 2 41.0 a 42.7 39 40 PPS SRA Pere kote Skane kre es 2 ee ete so 35.5 36. 1 39 35 Paar ren Sees SS ee eee Ss Sa see 61.0 50. 5 47 45 PPASe AS plea sess Jot se ee ee Ca ene eke 35.3 36.5 40 38 PS ase oe ee ic NR a a Se ee oe eee 64.3 53.5 51 49 Wil pAC Pea ete oes ee a ue Ea eee oo AQSO)|faeeeeee se 52 44 PVRS ees See Sh Sn es Po Sa ee ce OAS 8H ese == 53 53 IVT AC eee See PE A i NE ees AZ AG | ese 55 53 PTR ST yt eS te ee NS es ee ee RE 2 ST Oulesee-se ass 57 53 IMIS WASP = ake 2 boos soe ee 222 eae ee ee eee et ee 28 44! 6: eee oo 47 45 VRS yy arco nc. oe a Athen Sh oe ee eae 62:.0)\| beeen 50 50 A-P, rear of nasal rugosity to anterior tip of nasal_._-.--------- 124. 5 JIG 30) coe cao eso @ Measured across metaloph. About 5 years ago, a rhinoceros lower jaw with left Ps-M3, which also is probably referable to (?)Aphelops ceratorhinus, was collected about a mile south of this locality, the exact location and condition of occur- rence being unknown. It was this discovery that led to Mr. Kinsey’s collecting in this region. If the two specimens were in place they indicate the presence of otherwise unrecognized Madison Valley beds on the west side of the Madison River. The matrix adhering to the outside of this skull is a coarse sandstone, indicating deposition in a stream channel; some of the matrix inside the fragment of the brain case is much finer. This bed, then, is uppermost Oligocene, or, 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82, ART. 7 according to some, lowermost Miocene. It is entirely distinct from the earlier Oligocene Thompson Creek Beds, northwest of Three Forks, and from the late Miocene or early Pliocene Madison Valley Beds, on the east side of the river. When more is known about this bed, it may deserve a special geographic name, but for the present it will probably be sufficient to call it the John Day equivalent in the lower Madison Valley. It may possibly prove to be synchronous with some one of the scattered Oligocene patches of western Montana, named by Douglass. REFERENCES Dove.ass, EArt. 1903. New vertebrates from the Montana Tertiary. Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 2, p. 149. PETERSON, OLor AuQuUsT. 1920. The American Diceratheres. Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 414-417, pl. 57. TROXELL, Epwarp LEFFINGWELL. 1921. A study of Diceratherium and the Diceratheres. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 2, pp. 197-208. Woop, Horace ELMer, 2p. 1927. Some early Tertiary rhinoceroses and hyracodonts. Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 13, no. 50, pp. 230-231. 1929. American Oligocene rhinoceroses—a postscript. Journ. Mamm., vol. 10, no. 1, p. 73. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1988 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOE-982, ART. 7 PE: SKULL ROOF OF DICERATHERIUM ARMATUM MARSH 1 Two-fifths natural size. U.S.N.M. No. 11682. PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82, ART. 7 PL. 2 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ‘OZIS [RAINJVU SYIJY-OML “ZS9IT ‘ON “W'N’S'0 HSYVW WOLVYWYY WOIedSHLVvVesao0!Ilq AO 11NMS 4O AGIS LHDIY PROCEEDINGS, VOLE. 82, ART. 7 PE. 3 MUSEUM U. S. NATIONAL ‘OZIS [RANJVU SYYJY-OMT, ‘Z89IT ON IN N'S'A HSYVW NOLVWaV WOIYSHLVYsSOIG AO 3ALV1IVd NEW FRESH-WATER GASTROPOD MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS CHILINA OF SOUTH AMERICA By Wriu1am B. MarsHaru Assistant Curator, Division of Mollusks, United States National Museum The five new species herein described have recently been added to the collection of the United States National Museum, or have been in the collection unnamed or wrongly identified. Genus CHILINA Gray CHILINA BULLOCKI, new species PLATE 1, Ficures 4, 6 Shell rather thin, ovate. Whorls moderately rounded, but much longer than wide. Axial sculpture of very obscure incremental striae, slightly crenulating the suture. Spiral sculpture of faint indications of revolving striae. Color of type dark olive-green with a band of interrupted reddish spots a short distance below the suture and three nearly continuous bands of the same color lower down on the whorl. Externally these bands are faint, but in the aperture they show plainly although thinly coated with the white and pinkish of the interior. Aperture about two-thirds the length of the shell, outer lip simple, columellar lip white, its lower part nearly straight, broad, reflected over a false umbilicus on the left margin, and with an oblique strong, entering fold at its upper end. Parietal wall with a thin white callus and a revolving plait on its lower portion. Interior whitish, flushed with pink, the reddish bands of the exterior showing plainly. Type—tThe type (U.S.N.M. No. 414163) measures: Length, 27 mm; diameter, 15 mm; length of aperture, 19 mm; axial length of body whorl, 23 mm. It and 24 paratypes (U.S.N.M. Nos. 414164, 414165) were collected and presented by D. 8. Bullock, of the Es- cuela Agricola de “ El Vergel,” at Angol, Chile, and came from the “mill canal that comes from Rio Malleco, El Vergel, Angol, Chile, November, 1928.” Four other paratypes were returned to Mr. Bullock. No. 2949.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 82, ART. 8 150259—33 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 Remarks.—As shown by the figures, this species is related to @. theringt Marshall, but is much smaller, and more ovate. Like others from this general region, this species shows a tendency to have the whorls shouldered, the body whorl inflated, and the length of the shell in proportion to diameter to become less. It is related also to C. bulloides Orbigny. Plate 1, Figure 6, shows the color marking revealed by removal of the periostracum of a paratype (U.S.N.M. No, 414164). CHILINA IHERINGI, new species PLATE 1, FrcuRe 8 Shell large, inflated, ovoid. Spire short, apex lost. Body whorl very large, about seven-tenths of the length of the shell, subcylindri- cal, its outer wall nearly vertical, shghtly shouldered. Axial sculp- ture consisting of fine incremental threads, the longer rest periods emphasized by greater strength and deeper color. Spiral sculpture of irregularly spaced impressed lines and crude riblets, which become more prominent on the basal area. Surface slightly malleated. Suture crenulated. Color light olive-yellowish with four revolving bands of reddish, the upper one well marked, the others hardly visible except when viewed through the shell by transmitted light. Aperture very long, its outer wall slightly compressed, outer lip thin. Interior whitish, the external bands showing through, espe- cially if held up to the light. Columella straight, stout, broad, white, with a strong entering fold at its upper part. A false um- bilicus formed by the reflecting of the left margin of the columella. Parietal wall with a thin callus. Type.—The type (U.S.N.M. No. 414166) measures: Length, 45 mm; diameter, 27 mm; length of aperture, 30 mm. It and two paratypes (U.S.N.M. No. 363765) come from Lake Todas Santos, Province of Llanquihue, Chile, received from Dr. H. von Ihering. This lake is on the Pacific side of the Andes and drains into the Gulf of Cor- covado. A fourth specimen (U.S.N.M. No. 362988) was received from Dr. F. Felippone, with the general locality, Chile. It is almost an exact counterpart of one of the paratypes and probably came from the same locality. Remarks.—Until lately the author regarded this as an optimum condition of the inflated form of @. oldroydae Marshall. The great size of C. theringi and the different locality indicate that they belong to two species or to two subspecies of the same original stock. ART. 8 SOUTH AMERICAN GASTROPODS—MARSHALL 3 CHILINA LLANQUIHUENSIS, new species PLATE 1, FIGURE 1 Shell globose-ovoid, polished. Whorls well rounded; sutures not deep, but margined by a stout revolving thread. Axial sculpture weak, consisting of faint threads of growth, the rest periods more marked in strength and darker color. Spiral sculpture lacking. Color dark olive-green marked with five bands of spots of chestnut, scarcely visible outside, but very prominent within. Body whorl slightly inflated, outer lip thin. Columella slightly broadened, erect, its upper extremity with a sharp oblique entering fold. Parietal wall rather thickly coated with callus and bearing a small spiral fold at its middle portion, its upper portion stained with bright chestnut. Interior white, the color bands very prominent. Type.—The type (U.S.N.M. No. 414167) measures: Length, 16 mm; diameter, 13 mm. It and a paratype (U.S.N.M. No. 363766) were presented by Dr. H. von Ihering and came from Lake Llanquihue, Chile. This lake drains directly into the Pacific Ocean, and has also a connection by canal with the Gulf of Chaco, the northern end of the Gulf of Corcovado, Remarks.—This species shows no very close relationship to any other. It may be distantly related to its geographically nearest neighbor, (. bulloides Orbigny, of the island of Chiloe, Chile. A highly polished periostracum such as possessed by this species, while not unknown in other species, is of rare occurrence. CHILINA SIMPLEX, new species PLATE 1, FicuREs 2, 9 Shell rather thin, slender, elongate-ovoid. Spire very short, about 1 mm in length; the body whorl very long, about 13 mm; suture well marked, but not shouldered. Axial sculpture consisting of many fine threadlike striae, invisible to the unaided eye but revealed by a lens. Rest periods easily seen, partly because stouter than the growth striae, but more because they are emphasized by darker color. No indication of spiral striae. Color almost uniform light olive-green, with two scarcely visible bands of pale reddish arrowhead spots, which are more easily seen within the aperture or by transmitted light. One of these bands is a short distance be- low the suture, the other two-thirds down the whorl. There are also a few faint spots of the same color, indicating the possibility of more bands possible to the species. Aperture long, rather nar- row. Outer lip simple, columellar lip white, rather broad amd 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 nearly flat and reflected to form a slight appearance of an umbilicus. The fold on the columella, characteristic of the genus, is very small, situated rather high up and within, so that it does not show in a front view. Parietal wall with a thin, transparent callus. Type—tThe type (U.S.N.M. No. 414169) measures: Length, 14.5 mm; diameter, 7.5 mm; length of aperture, 10 mm. It and a younger specimen (U.S.N.M. No. 363022) were presented by Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd and were collected by J. W. Pemberton, December 26, 1914, in the Santa Cruz River at the outlet of Lake Argentino, Province of Santa Cruz, Argentina. The latitude and longitude quoted on the label are 50° 15’ S. and 71° 48’ W., respectively. Remarks.—This interesting species makes a near approach to be- ing unicolored and upon cursory examination it would be said to be uniform light olive-green, but closer scrutiny shows it to possess the reddish spots and tinges characteristic of the genus. What spots show are arranged in bands and have a marked tendency to assume an arrowhead pattern. The sculpture, though nearly microscopic, is essentially the same as that of C. limnaeformis Dall, type of Dall’s subgenus Pseudochilina (U.S.N.M. No. 56423), and were that subgenus valid the species might be placed with it. In the weak, nearly lacking columellar fold it would fall into the sub- genus Acyrogonia Mabille, in which the columellar plait is said to be lacking, but that subgenus is founded upon a character which shows every degree of variation in strength as we turn from species to species. I have never seen a specimen of CAzélina in which the columellar fold was entirely lacking. It may be very weak and nearly hidden by being set high up on the columella and nearly on its inner edge, but careful examination always has shown that it is present and fulfills in all particulars the definition of typical Chélina. The new species here described is a case exactly to the point. C. simplex is related to a number of other species, perhaps the nearest being C. fulgurata oligoptyx Pilsbry. Both are probably descended from the same or nearly related ancestors. It is related also to @. parchappi minor Marshall of Mar del Plata, Argentina. So far as known to the author, all the species of Chélina which have a very weak fold belong in the Atlantic drainage. The one described by Mabille (C. fusca) and the one by Mabille and Rochebrune (@. nervosa) came from Punta Arenas, Argentina, which is near the half- way point of Magellan Strait and hence can be said to be in neither the Atlantic nor the Pacific drainage, but in both. ART. 8 SOUTH AMERICAN GASTROPODS—MARSHALL 5 CHILINA NEUQUENENSIS, new species PLATE 1, FIGURE 5 Shell rather thin, slender, very elongate, turreted. Spire one-half the length of the whole shell, sharply acuminate. Whorls about 6.5 (nuclear whorl lost). Early portion of shell normal but a marked ridge begins to develop upon the upper portion of the whorl, which on the later whorls becomes almost a carina, forming a slop- ing shoulder. Suture well marked, slightly crenulate. Axial sculp- ture consisting of numerous, irregular growth riblets, with longer rest periods more strongly marked. Spiral sculpture of two impressed lines near the suture, several revolving riblets on the lower part and faint indications of spiral striae. The crossings of the spiral riblets by the axial sculpture give a malleated appearance to the lower portion of the body whorl. Ground color olive-yellowish with zigzag flashings of reddish on the upper whorls, two bands of arrow- head markings of the same color, and three like-colored plain bands on the body whorl. Aperture very long and narrow, its outer wall perpendicular, outer lip broken off but evidently simple. Columella arcuate, rather broad, white, with a prominent entering oblique fold near its middle portion. Parietal wall with a thin, white callus. Color of interior pinkish overlaid with a thin deposit of white, the exterior banding and arrow markings showing through. Type—tThe type (U.S.N.M. No. 414168) measures: Length, 37 mm; diameter, 18 mm; length of aperture, about 18 mm. It was collected in December, 1926, in “ Las Lagunas,” Province of Neuquen, Argentina, by Senor Mendez, of Santiago, Chile, and was presented by D. S. Bullock, of Angol, Chile. As the Province of Neuquen is on the east side of the Andes, this would be in the Atlantic drainage. When received, the specimen was completely encrusted, except the aperture, with a thick deposit of iron, through which no hint of the colors could be seen and which to a large degree concealed the form of the shell. Oxalic acid quickly removed the iron, revealing a good specimen except for the lost nucleus and broken outer lip. Remarks.—The nearest relative is Chilina oldroydae Marshall, which occurs in Lake Fetalafquen, Province of Chubut, not very far south of Neuquen. (. oldroydae is a much larger, more inflated shell than C. neuquenensis. The former, as shown in figures with the original description, varies from bulimoid form to a turreted form on one side and to a nearly globose form on the other side. The two species may have had a common ancestry, or C’. neuquenen- sis may be a subspecies of C. oldroydae or an extreme development of the turreted form of the latter. In slenderness, C. newquenensis vies with C. fwegiensis KE. A. Smith for first place, but in other respects the two species are not closely related. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM _ VOL. 82, Art. 8 CHILINA LIMNAEFORMIS Dall PLATE 1, Ficures 3, 7 1870. Chilina (Pseudochilina) limnaeformis Dati, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. (New York), vol. 9, p. 357. 1881. Chilina (Pseudochilina) limnaeformis B. A. SmitrH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, p. 846. 1911. Chilina limnaeformis Datu, in Pilsbry, Non-marine Mollusca of Patagonia, Reports of Princeton University Expedition to Patagonia, 1896-1899, vol. 3, p. 531. This species is the type of the subgenus Pseudochilina Dall, de- scribed at the same time. The subgenus was defined thus: “shell thin, covered with a rough fibrous epidermis; spire elevated, acute.” Under the description of the species, he says: “The curious epi- dermis and broad plicate columella alone distinguished this singular shell from a Limnaea.” As this type (U.S.N.M. No. 56423) has never been figured, a view of it is given in this paper. By “ fibrous epidermis ” Dall probably meant that the axial sculp- ture consists of numerous threadlike incremental lines. In dis- cussing this type specimen Pilsbry said: “ The irregular or fibrous surface which served to characterize the subgenus, seems to me to be wholly due to erosion, the cuticle or periostracum being lost from the unique type in the National Museum. Im other characters the shell is a typical Chilina.” The shell was more or less covered with a deposit of lime and dirt as often occurs with shells, especially those from lacustrine habitats. When this deposit is removed, the periostracum is revealed as present on all but a portion of the front aspect and isnormal. The “ fibrous ” appearance is due to the axial incremental threads underlying the periostracum. Pilsbry is right in thinking the species is not sub- generically different from the genus. The locality quoted, Chile, is indefinite. The shell probably classifies with others having a rather thin shell, and a broad columella with a prominent, nearly horizontal, fold such as (. oldroydae Marshall, and C. theringi Marshall of the present paper. It may eventually prove to be a young specimen of some already described species. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1933 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82, ART. 8 PL. 1 GASTROPODS OF THE GENUS CHILINA 1. Chilina Uanquihuensis, new species; 2, C. simpler, new species (natural size); 3, C. ( Pseudochilina) lymnaeformis Dall (type, natural size); 4, C. bullocki, new species; 5, C. neuquenensis, new species; 6, C. bullocki, paratype showing coloring revealed by removal of the periostracum; 7, C. (P.) lymnaeformis Dall (type, X 3); 8, C. iheringi, new species; 9, C. simpler, new species (X 3). me ea om 7 - i | “verge vt a Tie Pix me y th iA a x VERY 1 Kc PTA K ih re Em, . a * ' ay t ‘ wt ve. f °C lash . a Tie, Mieeaex- — gu J Mrce A 7 i ts wu - 3° She thre | Sela bhiutirdy + thee Vj Aten ' Be mtd whe rn, in ‘ayy ts ° (he >. ’ ( f : ie ne Viet; ’ er iy Vasy 7 lip’ j [ i - 4 an PATE Vit ily bat f i i i) f & 0 ‘ 7 sa ‘ se : a - ae i - hy AEE” Tye | " Mile ~ at he 2 * J LOT? od § i iy 5th: Shin ¢ an Sag - 7 , ue GT ritces oS i” “hy oe. ¥ vty mi ‘4 i“ 7 ee iy Wid re) Tee 7 iv, 1 ¢ - . Byers fic ash itignar si % pre |i ie) - i 7 oo { higth tite. Ona ptt, j ¢ ; ‘af : at siti a ne hun pt i , fyi ; a rere Pasi) 2 eee Se, . Po 7 - - 7 2 7 i? . + * ¢ i ; 7 i Th. 7 i 7 ret = : : - ‘ ae is a 160117 hits 7 é “ 10" t by i i a8) 9 ‘\ i savy wih y * ¢ . t ; i a ar i the a3 r ; 4 ai! : Q j iA / 1 aris AE ; Wy : yj ali Ty { : : cei aa Mee. i Pye ee , 1o% a ¢ 5 7 i> S r . j eis i bane opseee i q i > “aa ‘ 6 ' t hee 7 ict = in : , y P : ‘ A a i Poe ithe ty ih nt aes | DELI 16 #*inloer i 2 ee 6, bo. “¢ - de : ' oT ei yon?) repr 1L5, SRO ¢ : , yO ph go : tio Lave tts i per ore uy eted © - SS = ° 5 = - ' i 7 ; - — i Halde ’ » I He Ws “1 TI8 Eee a a Use a 4 eu = 7 9 Ee =e, 6 ica, a * - iat pgs ne — ee Lars ¥ 4 Nationa Paiitecac A ag, fine. % i 7 < - / ° - A NEW SPECIES OF EXTINCT TURTLE FROM THE UPPER PLIOCENE OF IDAHO By Cuarutes W. GILMORE Curator, Division of Vertebrate Paleontology United States National Museum Among the fossils obtained by the Smithsonian expedition of 1930 under the direction of the late Dr. J. W. Gidley, exploring in the vicinity of Hagerman, Twin Falls County, Idaho, were two unusually well-preserved emydid turtles. One of these is of more than common interest in having the complete skull, lower jaws, hyoid arch, and much of the appendicular skeleton present. So complete a specimen is a rare occurrence among the extinct Chelonia, and an opportunity is presented for comparison with living forms that is seldom offered by fossil remains of these animals. Except for a slight difference in size the two specimens are struc- turally in close accord, both pertaining to a new species for which the name idahoensis is proposed. They are provisionally referred to the genus Pseudemys. PSEUDEMYS IDAHOENSIS, new species Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 12059 consists of the nearly complete cara- pace and plastron; skull, lower jaws, hyoid arch, pectoral and pelvic girdles, 11 caudal vertebrae, incomplete humerus, femora and tibia, and much of an articulated hind foot. Collected by S. R. Wells, 1930. Paratype—U.S.N.M. No. 12060 consists of a nearly complete carapace and plastron. Collected by S. R. Wells, May 28, 1930. Locality —Plesippus Quarry, NW. % sec. 16, T. 75, R. 13 E., near Hagerman, Idaho. Horizon.—Hagerman lake beds, Upper Pliocene. Description.—Both the type and paratype have suffered somewhat from post-mortem crushing, but otherwise they are in a nearly perfect state of preservation. There is a slight difference in size, and the carapace of the paratype is more distinctly sculptured than that of the type; otherwise the two are in perfect accord. In outline the carapace (fig. 1) is elongate, broadly truncate in front, with a pointed posterior extremity. As a whole the shell appears to have been moderately elevated.' 1In the descriptive matter to follow, two measurements are given, the first in each instance being of the type, the second, in parentheses, of the paratype. No. 2950.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MusEuM, VOL. 82, ART. 9 150260—33 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 The greatest length of the carapace is 318 mm (284 mm); the greatest width 220 mm (207 mm). The anterior margin is shallowly excavated at the center, the posterior margin strongly scalloped. The pygal region presents an exaggerated peculiarity of structure where it forms an inverted U-shaped notch covering the tail. This peculiarity causes a prominent posterior projection in the pygal region that is clearly discernible in the illustrations. (Pls. 1, 2.) Certain species of the extant Graptemys show a somewhat similar elevation of the pygal, but in none of the available specimens does it reach the extreme development of the fossil. FIGURE 1.—Carapace of Pseudemys idahoensis, U.S.N.M. No. 12059 Type. One-third natural size. The surface of the type carapace is undulating but without sculp- ture, except for faint growth ridgings across the outer ends of the costals. The paratype, however, shows additional sculpturing in the form of faint parallel grooves and ridges that cross the posterior half of the costals at right angles to their sutural borders. Likewise the peripheral surfaces are faintly sculptured. The plastral surfaces are devoid of ornamentation. ART. 9 A NEW EXTINCT TURTLE FROM IDAHO—GILMORE 3 The nuchal bone has a length of 56 mm (52 mm), a width of 28 mm (33 mm) in front, and an extreme width of 62.5 mm (52 mm). The free border is acutely edged. The neurals are broad, hexagonal, with the widest end forward. Their dimensions are given in Table 1. The form of both the neurals and vertebrals is clearly shown in the figures. The total length of the plastron (fig. 2) is 296 mm (274 mm), but on the midline from the front to the apex of the posterior notch it is 279 mm (255 mm). The plastron is shallowly concave in front and deeply notched behind. In proportions and general contour it has FIGURE 2.—Plastron of Pseudemys idahoensis, U.S.N.M. No. 12059 Type. One-third natural size. a striking resemblance to the plastron of Graptemys “inornata Loomis.?, The anterior lobe has a total length of 86 mm (77 mm) and a width of 130 mm (122 mm). The anterior lip projects slightly beyond the general contour of the lobe and has a width of 65 mm (62 mm). Above it is shallowly spout-shaped. 2? Loomis, F. B., Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 18, p. 429, figs. 10, 11, 1904. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 The entoplastron is 46 mm (37 mm) long and 53 mm (45 mm) wide. It is crossed posteriorly by the humero-pectoral sulcus. The posterior lobe has a greatest width of 134 mm (129 mm) and a length of 100 mm (100 mm). Toward the posterior extremity the lobe narrows rapidly, terminating in a deeply notched end. The edges of the posterior lobe are everywhere sharply edged. TaBLE 1.—Dimensions of neurals of Pseudemys idahoensis Length Width Type |Paratype| Type | Paratype Mm Mm Mm Mm 1 31.5 28 26.5 23 2. 28 23.5 30 23 3 SOL ay ee es eee 34. 5 28. 5 4 25 24 31 25 5 26 24 30 24 6 2125 19 28 23 a 18 18 21 22 8 17 14 14 13 The bridge is 115 mm (95 mm) wide. The gulars extend along the midline for 43 mm (40 mm) and strongly overlap the entoplastron. The humerals meet on the midline for 27 mm (23 mm), the pectorals 46 mm (39 mm), the abdominals 66 mm (66 mm), the femorals 40 mm (34 mm), and the anals 56 mm (50 mm). A third specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 12232, consisting of the posterior lobe of the plastron, was collected from this same fossil deposit by N. H. Boss in 1931. Except for its smaller size it is in perfect accord with the type specimens. TaBLE 2.—Dimensions of vertebral scutes of Pseudemys idahoensis Length Width in front Greatest width No. Type | Paratype] Type |Paratype| Type | Paratype Mm Mm Mm Mm Mm Mm 1 50 47 67 58. 5 67 58. 5 2 58 56 Sona | eee oe (Onn | Se see 3 60 50 5S | eee oe | eee 4 58 56 AR || sere ee (Lee ee eee ee 5 50 47.5 SOHO e eee oes 69 ART. 9 A NEW EXTINCT TURTLE FROM IDAHO—GILMORE 5 The sulci outlining the scutes of the carapace are shallow but plainly impressed. Those between the marginal and costal scutes run along on the peripheral bones a short distance below the costo-peripheral sutures except in front and back, where they deviate outward farther away from the sutures. Posteriorly the sulcus crosses the midline on the anterior end of the pygal, as in Trachemys hilli. The form of the scutes is plainly indicated in Figure 1. Skull.—The skull and articulated lower jaws were found in the matrix within the carapace. (Figs. 3, 4.) They are uncrushed and in beautiful preservation. Seen from above, the outline of the skull expands from the squamosal processes forward to the front of the quadrates. [From the posterior ends of the maxillae it converges to the snout, which is squarely truncate. The interorbital space is mod- erately wide and flat; posteriorly the upper surface is dished. The length of the skull from the snout to the occipital condyle is 57 mm, to the tip of the crest 70 mim, the width over the auditory chambers 50 mm. The interorbital space is 14 mm wide, p,.cure 3—skull of Pseudemys idahoensis, U.S.N.M. No. 12059. the zygomatic arch 11 Viewed from the left side. Type. ang, Angular; art, articular; : co, coranoid process; d, dentary; fr, frontal; ju, jugal; mz, maxil- Atel oe The es bits ane lary; pa, parietal; pf, postfrontal; prf, prefrontal; qj, quadrato- subcircular in outline jugal; gu, quadrate; sg, squamosal; swp, supraoccipital; sur, and look forward and surangular. Natural size outward; the antero-posterior diameter is 14 mm, the vertical diam- eter 12 mm. The nasal opening is 9 mm wide, suboval in outline with the greatest diameter transverse. Choana between the eyes. Alveolar surfaces broad. Width of jaw at symphysis slightly less than horizontal diameter of the orbit. Little is known of the skull in the extinct Emydidae. In a study of all North American materials of this family, Hay * found only a single emydid skull, which he provisionally referred to Echmatemys sp. The present specimen therefore can not be contrasted with extinct members of this family. In comparing the skull under consideration with available skulls of recent turtles in the National Museum collection, I find the closest 8 Hay, O. P., The fossil turtles of North America. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 75, p. 297, pl. 45, figs. 11-13, 1908. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 resemblances to be with the southern Pseudemys rubriwventris. From this species, however, the fossil is at once distinguished by its larger size, broader pterygoids, less pronounced median alveolar ridge with finer denticulations, wider interorbital space, and squarely truncate nose. The lower jaws are similar in having the lower surface flattened and alveolar surfaces broad all around. The fossil mandible differs in the absence of a median longitudinal ridge and also in having the edge of the mandible nonserrated. Although in U.S.N.M. No. 12059 the beak is notched medially, there is no evidence of cusps on either side, as in P. rubriventris or P. mobiliensis. beat FiGcurE 4.—Skull of Pseudemys idahoensis, U.S.N.M. No. 12059. Type. A, Superior view; B, inferior view. 60, Basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; ezoc, exoccipital; fr, frontal; ju, jugal; mz, maxillary; 0, orbit; oc, occipital condyle; p, parietal; pal, palatine; pf, postfrontal; pms, premaxillary; prf, prefrontal; pr. ot, pro-otic; pt, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; qu, quadrate; sg, squamosal; swp, supraoccipital; », vomer. Natural size The hyoid apparatus is well developed. It consists of a more or less oblong flattened basilingual plate, which probably represents the fused ventral ends of the hyoid and branchial arches. Anteriorly it is drawn out to a point behind which there is an ovate opening through the bone on the median line. The second branchial arch is much the larger of the two structures. (See fig. 5.) The posterior or second branchial arch consists of two shortened bars that articulate with the bilobed end of the basilingual plate. So far as I have been able to ascertain this is the first extinct turtle to have the complete hyoid apparatus preserved. The pectoral and pelvic girdles remain articulated within the carapace, and for that reason they are not available for critical com- ART. 9 A NEW EXTINCT TURTLE FROM IDAHO—GILMORE t parison. The limb and foot bones do not display any distinguishing characteristics except that they are more robust in their proportions than in extant species of Pseudemys of corresponding size. The unguals of the articulated hind foot are elongate, with sharp tips, indicating that the type specimen may be a male. Remarks.—Although in skull struc- ture the type has its closest resem- blances with P. rubriventris, the palatal surfaces of the jaws are so unlike that when considered in conjunction with differences found in the shells the ques- tion of their generic identity is raised. The alveolar surface of the mandible is much more like that of Graptemys pulchra, but the pointed skull and lack of palatal ridges at once distinguish this form from the extinct species. I call attention to these differences in Ficure 5.—Hyoid of Pseudemys idahoensis, the palate for the reason that both © > Ae ee Pape Supe paleontologists and herpetologists have made much use of these characters in the classification of the turtles, but an examination of a considerable series of recent skulls shows that there is much variation in the palatal structure and that they can not therefore always be relied upon to furnish hard and fast diagnostic characters. The present species can hardly belong to Graptemys or Trachemys as defined by Hay, and for the present I shall refer it to the genus Pseudemys, although the specimen is not entirely in accord with that genus as we understand it to-day. If correct in this assignment it is the most ancient occurrence of Pseudemys yet recorded. O 4 B isthauisnty: a “Be aS z iy abietoo i agian: adivobicans & 1 | aretowrss ‘f eo lait, Ey barra co ersG 8 hs Saleist e3 4ngy, doriareod agavelse / vellianib aed 2sigsde: tiscsyg GAT on “pink sah aw. vethud both em owns sieiitivege adi. degen bf oie eephoe Sy avg odd Pr Maer ti baatersbuy, a9 ae ‘eu ee Hove st. ‘Xo: emer IdI0. fear eh) aaa al. Ate 4 wage u c ; ‘ fies ' Te ‘ ‘ a : oon a oie ! pak tal’ arch *" : vat ; a the ostetion oe bi 0h 8 bate ne b foe eeeucl ne . ee eee as: ‘ \ Ne “ C " ae ph nee ad ee ver pee hag reriss ae iit: ties rapace blew that tenon, thet are neat Raabe for ‘etltnged ors VOLES 82 0ARE. 9° IPES 1 PROCEEDINGS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM jnoge qyog ‘@AOQGP M01] PaMolA soedele fe ) ‘ezIs [e4N}VU P4IG4-0u0 ‘odAyereg §=6"09021 ‘ON ‘W'N'S'D % ‘ea0qe Woy pamela eoedeseg SH1IODSedS MAN ‘SISNSZOHVACI SAWSdnNaSd ‘ed AL ‘6S0¢T “ON ‘IW'N'S'O ‘T ARES ioe ee ea eee VOL. 82, PROCEEDINGS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ynoqe YAO, “MOTAG WIOIT PAMETA WOA]SB i : BN ue Id ‘OZIS [BANIVU PAT -9u0 ‘adAyeirg "09021 ON ‘INN'S’ {% ‘MOTEG TOI] POMETA UOMSeTG SHIDSdS MAN ‘SISNSOHVOC!I SAWSONASd ad AT y ‘6S902T “ON “I N'S'D ‘T PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82, ART. 9 PL. 3 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “OZIS [B Inye Udl vy 9u0 JNOGY “apis Jo] oY UOT paMmota [Jayg “edAT, “6SOZT S3IDSdS MAN ‘SISNSHOHVOCI SAWSaCNASd a0) NW NC A COLLECTION OF BIRDS FROM GREAT NAMAQUA- LAND, SOUTHWEST AFRICA By Herpert I’'RrmeDMANN Curator, Division of Birds, United States National Museum The small collection of birds reported upon in this paper was gathered together by Mrs. L. O. Sordahl while stationed at the astrophysical observatory established by the Smithsonian Institution on Mount Brukkaros, in the Southwest African Protectorate. This mountain, about 5,000 feet in height, is situated a short distance north of Berseba in that part of the protectorate known as Great Namaqualand. (Pl. 1.) Collecting was carried on as time and opportunity permitted on the mountain, along the Fish River near by, and at Berseba. So little ornithological work has been done in Great Namaqualand in recent years that even a small collection such as the present one reveals many points of interest. Of the 24 forms contained in it, no less than 7 were new to the collections of the United States Na- tional Museum, and 2 others were new to science. As far as I have been able to discover, the eggs of Alario leucolaema have been taken but rarely, and are thus of interest in adding to knowledge of the breeding season of that bird. Great Namaqualand is an arid region with rather sparse vegeta- tion, the conspicuous plants being the giant aloes and thorny bushes. The rains come in the summer, and bring in their wake a temporary freshness of vegetation. The breeding season, as far as known, of most of the small birds is in the wet period. For the loan of specimens in connection with the present study I am indebted to the authorities of the American Museum of Natu- ral History, the Museum of Comparative Zoédlogy, and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The photographs illustrating this paper (pl. 1) are from negatives by W. H. Hoover, of the Division of Radiation and Organisms of the Smithsonian Institution. No. 2951.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 82, ART. 10 150261—33 iL 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 82 Family ANATIDAH, Ducks, Geese, Swans ANAS ERYTHRORHYNCHA Gmelin Anas erythrorhyncha GMELIN, Syst. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 517, 1789 (Cape of Good Hope). An adult male was shot while swimming in a waterhole in the Fish River, 4 miles from Berseba. It was very fat and was badly damaged by shot. Family ACCIPITRIDAE, Hawks, Harriers, etc. MELIERAX MUSICUS MUSICUS (Daudin) Falco musicus DaupiINn, Traité, vol. 2, p. 116, 1800 [Cape Province (ex Levail- lant) ]. An adult, sex undetermined, was shot by a schoolboy at Keet- manshoop. The feet, the cere, and circumocular area were bright reddish orange. This bird is of great interest in that it has the cheeks, lores, auric- ulars, forehead, and lateral borders of the crown nearly black, pre- cisely as in the description of Melicrax poliopterus coombsi Roberts." The question arises as to whether this bird should be called coombsi, which would then have a range extending across South Africa from the northern Transvaal to Southwest Africa (based on only two specimens, each forming one of the present limits of its range), or whether coombsi should be looked upon as a melanism of muszcus, occurring here and there throughout the range of the latter. I pre- fer to follow the latter course, as it seems unlikely that a black-faced form, coombsi, and musicus would occur side by side over so great an area. The other side of the argument is advanced by Roberts, who claims that musicus and poliopterus are specifically distinct and that M. poliopterus coombsi proves this by virtue of the fact that it occurs together with /. musicus in the Zoutpansberg district of the Trans- vaal. It must be admitted that the present specimen may be used to bolster Roberts’s thesis, showing how extensively coombsi invades the territory of musicus, just as legitimately as it has been used here to support the supposition that it is a geographically sporadic melanism. Roberts writes that coombsi has the outer secondaries uniformly dark with white tips and some subapical vermiculations. No such condition is present in the specimen obtained by Mrs. Sordahl. The bird has the secondaries almost pure white and is therefore probably a male. Its dimensions are as follows: Wing, 345; tail, 225; 1 Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 14, pt. 3, p. 239, 1931 (Montrose Estates, Zoutpansberg). ART. 10 BIRDS FROM SOUTHWEST AFRICA—-FRIEDMANN 3 culmen from the cere (chord), 19; tarsus, 93 mm. The narrow bars on the abdomen are darker than in several birds from Cape Province. Family FALCONIDAH, Falcons, Caracaras FALCO TINNUNCULUS RUPICOLUS Daudin Falco rupicolus DaupiIn, Traité, vol. 2, p. 185, 1800 [Cape of Good Hope (ex Levaillant) ]. The South African kestrel was very numerous around Mount Brukkaros, where it was usually seen sitting on the tops of the koerkerboum trees, according to Mrs. Sordahl’s notes. The birds have a very shrill, screechy cry. Two males were obtained on Mount Brukkaros, one on April 7, 1931, and one on September 30, 1981. The former may really have been a female or else a youngish bird, as it has the head and neck washed with tawny-rufous, and also the rump and upper tail coverts, while in the other bird these areas are grayish. Also the former has the rectrices more heavily barred and the dark marks on the back much broader and more extensive than in the latter. Roberts * has tentatively referred specimens from 60 miles north of Okahandja to the Rhodesian subspecies rhodes?, but in this I think he is mistaken. Family CHARADRIIDAE, Plovers, Turnstones, etc. HOPLOPTERUS ARMATUS (Burchell) Charadrius armatus BuRCHELL, Travels, vol. 1, p. 501, 1822 (Klaarwater in the Hay district of Cape Province). A male in good, fresh plumage was shot standing near a pond at Berseba, February 25, 1930. Family COLUMBIDAE, Pigeons, Doves COLUMBA GUINEA PHAEONOTUS Gray Columba phaeonotus G. R. Gray, List of specimens of birds in the British Museum, pt. 4, p. 32, 1856 [South Africa (founded on Columba trigonigera Bonaparte, Conspectus generum avium, ed. 1, vol. 2, p. 50, 1850) ]. A male was shot from a rock ledge on Mount Brukkaros, Novem- ber 10, 1930. The bare circumocular skin is recorded as bright red in life. : Roberts has recently * described a pale, bleached grayish race, bradfieldi, from Waterberg, Southwest African Protectorate. The present bird should be bradfieldi on geographic grounds, but it is 2Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 12, pt. 4, p. 304, 1928. * Ann. Transvaal Mug., vol. 14, p. 239, 1931. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 indistinguishable from phaeonotus from the Cape Province. It therefore casts some doubt on the validity of Roberts’s form. Family COLIIDAE, Colies COLIUS COLIUS (Linnaeus) Lowia colius LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, p. 301, 1766 (Cape of Good Hope). Mrs. Sordahl shot a female in some bushes close by a waterhole near Fish River at Berseba, November 10, 1929, and another female 13 miles southeast of Berseba, February 25, 1931. She found them in flocks of considerable size. Of the bird collected in February she noted that “* * * the skin was grey and black in spots. It was infested with lice, and had parasitic worms in the intestine.” Sclater ‘+ states that C. c. damarensis Reichenow does not appear to be separable. I therefore use a binomial for these specimens. Family CAPITONIDAE, Barbets TRICHOLAEMA LEUCOMELAS LEUCOMELAS (Beddaert) Bucco leucomelas Boppsarrt, Table des planches enluminéez, p. 43, 1783. [Cape of Good Hope (ex Daubenton, pl. 688, fig. 1) ]. Two males were collected at 3,500 feet on Mount Brukkaros on March 13, 1931. Both were sitting in trees in the crater of the mountain and were uttering a series of wheezing notes not unlike those of the American sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus). These two specimens have no spots or streaks on the under- parts and are therefore not 7. 1. namaqua of Little Namaqualand. They are both young birds with no red on the forehead, and they lack the toothlike notches on the maxillary tomia. They agree with the description and figure of 7’. affine Shelley, which is the young of leucomelas. In Zululand a race zulwensis Roberts occurs, said to be decidedly yellower below than either lewcomelas or namaqua. Family PYCNONOTIDAH, Bulbuls PYCNONOTUS NIGRICANS NIGRICANS (Vieillot) Turdus nigricans VirttLot, Nouveau dictionnaire d’histoire naturelle, vol. 20, p. 258, 1818 [banks of the Orange River in Namaqualand (ex Levaillant) ]. Two males were obtained at Berseba, one on July 24, 1930, and one on October 6, 1930. Another male was collected 6 miles from Berseba on March 1, 1931. The eyes were recorded as bright red 4Systema avium Hthiopicarum, pt. 1, p. 266, 1924. ART. 10 BIRDS FROM SOUTHWEST AFRICA—FRIEDMANN 5 with black pupils, the rim around the eye like a circle of orange beads. Mrs. Sordahl found the song to be similar to that of the western meadowlark of North America (Sturnella neglecta). The specimens are in worn plumage. Family TURDIDAE, Thrushes OENANTHE MONTICOLA MONTICOLA Vieillot Oenanthe monticola V1iEILLoT, Nouveau dictionnaire d’histoire naturelle, vol. 21, p. 434, 1818 (Namaqualand, ex Levaillant, pl. 184). A male and a female were obtained on Mount Brukkaros (at 5,000 feet) on July 22, 1931. The birds were seen hopping along on the rocks together and were apparently a mated pair. Mrs. Sordahl wrote in her notebook that “* * * these birds stay around the mountain all year. They vary in color; the males have a white bar of feathers on the shoulders of the wings. Some males have white on under tail coverts and lower half of ventral side, but some have white only around base of tail. Their call is a chirrup, chirrup when hopping on the ground. When sitting on posts or wires or flying they have a lovely musical song that is long and warbling and includes a whole scale of notes.” The male is in the somewhat gray-headed plumage with white upper wing coverts, white rump and upper tail coverts, and white abdomen, but with black (white-bordered) under tail coverts. CERCOMELA FAMILIARIS GALTONI (Strickland) Erythropygia galtoni STRICKLAND, in Jardine’s Contributions to Ornithology, 1852, p. 147 (Damaraland). A male was collected at Fish River, 6 miles from Berseba on March 1, 1931. Mrs. Sordahl writes that this species travels in large flocks, and she assumes that, as she never saw it before at a waterhole, the species was probably passing through on migration at the time the specimen was taken. Recently, Roberts ® has described a race, damarensis, from Wind- hoek, which is said to differ from galtonz in having the throat pale brownish and only the abdomen and under tail coverts whitish instead of the entire underparts yellowish white as in the latter form. He states that the actual type locality of galtont is Swakopmund, which would make galioni a lowland coastal bird and damarensis a form of the higher interior. On this basis the present specimen might be expected to be of the latter race. Unfortunately the specimen is in worn plumage and somewhat stained, but there is 5 Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 14, pt. 3, pp. 242-243, 1931. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 certainly no increasing paleness from the throat to the abdomen as would seem to be the case in damarensis from Roberts’s descrip- tion. However, I have no topotypical material of either galtoni or damarensis for comparison. The bird shows signs of molt in the wings. ACROCEPHALUS BAETICATUS BAETICATUS (Vieillot) Sylvia baeticata Vier~Lot, Nouveau dictionnaire d’histoire naturelle, vol. 11, p. 195, 1817 (South Africa, ex Levaillant, pl. 121, fig. 2). A male was collected in bushy undergrowth at Fish River, 6 miles from Berseba, on March 1, 1931. It has a scolding song, according to Mrs. Sordahl’s notes. ERYTHROPYGIA CORYPHAEUS ABBOTI Friedmann Erythropygia coryphaeus abboti FRIEDMANN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 45, p. 65, Apr. 2, 19382 (Fish River, 6 miles from Berseba, Southwest African Protectorate). Abbot’s ground robin is known only from two specimens collected by Mrs. Sordahl at the type locality, March 1, 1931. As stated in the original description, it differs from the nominate form in having much smaller white tips on the outer rectrices. One of the two specimens is unsexed, the other is a female, but as Mrs. Sordahl found them together in a tree with two half-grown young and considered them a mated pair, it is very probable that the unsexed bird isa male. Both specimens are in abraded plumage. Family SYLVIIDAE, Old World Warblers CISTICOLA SUBRUFICAPILLA NAMAQUA Lynes Cisticola subruficapilla namaqua LYNES, Ibis, suppl., Oct., 1930, p. 216 (Klipfon- tein, Little Namaqualand). Two specimens were obtained at 4,000 feet on Mount Brukkaros, an unsexed bird on June 29, 1930, and a male on July 20, 1930. Mrs. Sordahl observed this grass-warbler dodging in and out among the low bushes of the mountain side. She records the call as a sharp, short note. The unsexed bird is small and is probably a female. The dimen- sions of the two specimens are as follows (the first figure in each case refers to the male): Wing, 58, 51; tail, 58 (molting), 53.5; culmen from base, 11, 10.5 mm. These two specimens constitute a notable northward extension of the known range of this bird, which was previously recorded only ART. 10 BIRDS FROM SOUTHWEST AFRICA—FRIEDMANN 7 from the Orange River south to the Olifants River. It is possible that they may be of an undescribed race, as the male is larger than the figures given by Lynes for namaqua (wing 51, tail 48 mm). PRINIA FLAVICANS (Vieillot) Sylvia flavicans Vre1LLoT, Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. 2, p. 488, 1820 (Seuth Africa; Namaqualand, ex Levaillant). On February 24, 1931, an adult female and a partly fledged young bird were collected at Fish River; an unsexed adult was taken at the same place on March 1, 1931; and an adult male was shot there on November 10, 1929. Several others were seen but not collected. Mrs. Sordahl writes that this bird has a scolding, chattering song. The juvenal bird has no dark pectoral band and is paler yellow on the underparts than the adults. The female attending the young one shows signs of molt in the wings and tail. Family MUSCICAPIDAH, Old World Flycatchers PARISOMA LAYARDI Hartlaub Parisoma layardi Hartiaus, Ibis, 1862, p. 147 (Zwartland, Malmesbury District). Mrs. Sordahl shot a male Layard’s tit-babbler on Mount Bruk- karos, on January 18, 1931. The bird was found in a dry waste at the foot of the mountain (3,200 feet) close to the desert. The specimen is in worn plumage. This is the first example of this species to come to the United States National Museum. BATIS PRIRIT (Vieillot) Muscicapa pririt VirttLotT, Nouveau dictionnaire d’histoire naturelle, vol. 21, p. 486, 1818 (Lower Orange River, ex Levaillant). Three specimens of the pririt flycatcher were collected on Mount Brukkaros—a female on January 18, 1931, and a “male” (really a female) and a female on March 22, 1931. Mrs. Sordahl found these birds flitting about in the bushes and small trees on the arid slopes of Mount Brukkaros. The birds are all in worn plumage and were badly damaged by the shot. Roberts ® has recorded a nest found on October 12 at “ Quickborn,” 60 miles north of Okahandja, by R. D. Bradfield. 6 Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 12, pt. 4, p. 310, 1928. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 82 Family LANIIDAHE, Shrikes LANIUS COLLARIS SUBCORONATUS Smith Lanius subcoronatus A. SmirH, Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa, pl. 68, 1841 (Latakoo). A female was collected at Fish River, 6 miles from Berseba, on March 1, 1931. Mrs. Sordahl found it perching “* * * ima tree that was thickly populated with insects.” The specimen is a young one molting into adult plumage. TELOPHORUS ZEYLONUS PHANUS (Hartert) Pelicinius zeylonus phanus Harrert, Nov. Zool., vol. 27, p. 451, 1920 (Farta Bay, near Benguella Town). Mrs. Sordahl collected an adult male 20 miles from Keetmanshoop, on September 10, 1931. Her notes on this shrike are as follows: “ Found hopping among the bushes in a dry creek bed, eating insects. This bird had a huge grasshopper in its mouth when I shot it. They fly in pairs. When resting in the bushes, first one calls and the other answers. They do not warble or sing. Their call is a whistle of many notes. The whistle is exactly like a human being’s whistle, and if one did not see the bird one would think it was a person whistling.” In the original description of phanus, which is a pale-backed race, Hartert writes that “* * * probably a third form inhabits Namaqualand, as a male and female collected by C. B. Grant in May and July, 1903, at an elevation of 3,104 feet, appear to have the flanks and sides of breast much more widely ashy grey, and are a little smaller. More material will probably lead to the establishment of a third form.” I have seen no Angolan birds (typical phanus) and so can not say whether the present specimen, which, on the grounds of its pale-green back as compared with a series of typical zeylonus, is definitely phanus, differs from Benguella birds in the coloration of the flanks and sides. I find no appreciable size difference between it and South African birds (zeylonus), and, since Hartert found none be- tween Angolan and South African examples, I assume it to be similar in size to typical phanus. It does have the gray color of the sides and flanks very extensively developed, but is matched in this regard by two Cape Province examples. Its dimensions are as follows: Wing, 95; tail, 96.5; culmen from base, 23 mm. In my opinion it would be unwise to describe a third form on such slender evidence. This specimen extends the known range of phanus far to the south and upsets the distribution given by Sclater* who records phanus 7Systema avium Ethiopicarum, pt. 1. p. 634, 1924. ART. 10 BIRDS FROM SOUTHWEST AFRICA—FRIEDMANN 9 only from the coastlands of southern Angola, and zeylonus from as far north as Damaraland. The Damaraland and Namaqualand birds, if not distinct, should be considered as phanus. Roberts ® has identi- fied birds from Swakopmund as phanus, and I think he is quite right in so doing. Family STURNIDAE, Starlings ONYCHOGNATHUS NABOUROUP NABOUROUP (Daudin) Sturnus nabouroup DAuvuDIN, Traité d’ornithologie, vol. 2, p. 308, 1800 (Kamies- berg, Little Namaqualand, ex Levaillant, pl. 89). Mrs. Sordahl collected an adult female at 5,000 feet on Mount Brukkaros on January 15, 1931. She noted that the iris was bright orange with a black pupil. She found this starling always in pairs and recorded the song as a musical utterance “something like the meadow lark” (Sturnella). The specimen collected is in a molting condition in the wings. In Damaraland and southern Angola a race, benguellensis, with the light areas on the rectrices pure white, replaces nabourowp. Family NECTARINIIDAH, Sun-birds CHALCOMITRA FUSCA (Vieillot) Oinnyris fuscus VirEmLoT, Nouveau dictionnaire d’histoire naturelle, vol. 31, p. 506, 1819. (Great Namaqualand, ex Levaillant, pl. 296). Mrs. Sordahl collected six specimens of the dusky sun-bird, as follows: Male, Fish River, 13 miles from Berseba, February 25, 1930; 4 males, 1 female, Mount Brukkaros, January 18-August 31, 1931. Males taken in January and February are in breeding plumage; males taken in July and August are in the white-bellied plumage with the breast and center of throat black. In January these sun-birds were found in large numbers in the trees and low bushes in the dry scrubby areas at the foot of Mount Brukkaros (3,500 feet) ; also up to 5,000 feet on the slopes. Of one of the nonbreeding males, collected August 31, Mrs. Sordahl writes:“* * * first seen fluttering against window pane of house, then flew to a tiny bush and pecked at some seeds, then flew to water fountain. Its tongue was 21 mm long and had a split of 3 mm on the end of it.” The body fat of two of the birds is recorded as being bright orange in color. 8 Ann. Transvaal Mus., vol. 12, pt. 4, p. 310, 1928. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 Family PLOCEIDAH, Weaver-finches PASSER MELANURUS DAMARENSIS Reichenow Passer arcuatus damarensis REICHENOW, Orn. Monatsb., vol. 10, p. 77, 1902 (Damaraland; type in Berlin Museum from Windhuk). One “ female ” (really a male by plumage) was collected at Berseba, 8,000 feet, July 24, 1980. Mrs. Sordahl writes that these “* * * birds are found around the buildings and trees and chicken yards of Berseba the whole year.” The Damara race of the Cape sparrow is distinguished by its lighter rufous back and upper wing coverts and its deeper, purer black crown, cheeks, chin, and throat and breast patch. The speci- men collected is in fresh plumage and constitutes a form new to the national collections. Family FRINGILLIDAE, Grosbeaks, Finches, Buntings ALARIO LEUCOLAEMA Sharpe Alario lewcolaema SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 18, p. 80, 1903 (Great Namaqualand; type in Brit. Museum from Hountop River). Two males and one female were collected on Mount Brukkaros on March 22, 1931, while on April 5, 1931, a female and her nest and three eggs were taken in the same place. The first three birds were shot in bushes near a small stagnant pool in the crater of the moun- tain at an altitude of 4,500 feet. One of the males had its mouth full of grass seeds. The song is recorded as “ pwei pwei, but when we came close to them the warning note was a sharper peep peep.” On April 5, the female bird, collected with the nest, was found perching in a tuft of grass at 4,500 feet on the mountainside. It flew away when approached to within 5 feet. Mrs. Sordahl examined the tuft of grass and found a tiny nest with three very pale bluish- white eggs sparsely speckled with reddish brown at the larger pole. “The bird flew to a near-by bush and kept up a sharp note of peep peep-peep peep, or pey pey, the note rising on the end of the second peep. ‘he nest was well hidden by the grass tops and would never have been detected if the bird had not flown out.” One of the eggs was broken in transit to the museum; the others are in perfect condition. ‘They measure 18 by 13.5 and 18 by 18 mm, respectively. The nest is a very compact, deep cup made of grasses, plant fibers, and fine straws outside, well lined with cottony plant fibers inside. The inside dimensions are: Depth, 30; diameter, 45 mm; outside: Depth, 48; diameter, 70 mm. ART. 10 BIRDS FROM SOUTHWEST AFRICA—FRIEDMANN ft The status of Zewcolaema has been an unsettled question for many years. Sharpe described the white-throated birds as a species; Shelley and others considered them merely the winter plumage of the black-throated Alario alario, still others looked upon leucolaema as the immature males of alario. The present series, including the white-throated adult males taken within two weeks of the finding of a nest with eggs, conclusively does away with Shelley’s contention that leucolaema is the winter plumage of alario. Also the fact that they are adults (with hard, firmly ossified skulls) shows that leu- colaema can not be the young stage of alario. The two are cer- tainly distinct—so distinct that I consider them full species as did Sharpe, and not subspecies as does Sclater.® In a case like this, where a genus contains only two forms, it is not particularly neces- sary to call them conspecific in order to emphasize their relationship. The two males reveal considerable variation in color; one has a larger and deeper black patch on the breast and on the crown and occiput; the former is also darker rufous above—deep hazel—while the latter is tawny-cinnamon. The females are alike in color. The dimensions of the present birds are as follows: Males: Wing, 67.5, 65; tail, 45, 43; culmen from base, 9.5, 9.5; females: Wing, 63, 64; tail, 43, 44; culmen from base, 9, 9 mm, respectively. POLIOSPIZA ALBOGULARIS SORDAHLAE Friedmann Poliospiza albogularis sordahlae FRIEDMANN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 45, pp. 65, 66, Apr. 2, 1982 (Mount Brukkaros, Southwest Africa). Mrs. Sordahl obtained two specimens of this long and relatively slender-billed race of Poliospiza albogularis. Both are in worn plumage. Mrs. Sordahl writes that “* * * these birds stay on the moun- tain during the whole year, living on top of the mountain during the hottest months, November, December, January, and February. Dur. ing the cool months * * * also found at the lower levels and on the foothills below the mountain.” She often saw the birds in flocks in the large tree aloes, apparently eating the seeds. A bird bath and drinking fountain set up near the house was frequented also, as many as 30 birds at one time being counted on it. A male from Van Rynsdorp, Cape Province, collected by de Schauensee, approaches sordahlae in the bill character, but has a shorter wing. ® Systema avium Aethiopicarum, pt. 2, p. 818, 1930. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82, art. 10 FRINGILLARIA IMPETUANI (Smith) Emberiza impetuani A. SmirH, Report on expedition for exploring central Africa, ete, p. 48, 1836 (between Nu-Gariep and the Tropic, that is, Bechuanaland). Two males and one female were collected on Mount Brukkaros on March 22, 1931. Mrs. Sordahl saw several of these rock buntings eating grass seeds and drinking water from a little pool in the crater of the mountain. These specimens are in rather abraded plumage. Four similarly worn examples from Cape Province are distinctly more rufous, es- pecially on the head and back. The two groups of specimens appear to be separable subspecifically, but in the absence of topotypical impetuani from Bechuanaland, I can not tell which one of the two groups is the new one. Four birds from the Kasai district, southern Belgian Congo, agree better with birds from Cape Province than from Great Namaqualand. The Mount Brukkaros birds may be characterized as gray headed and gray naped in contrast to all the others examined. Two females from Etosha Pan and from Kalk- veldt, Southwest Africa, are more brownish than the Mount Bruk- karos birds, but are more grayish than South African or Katangan specimens seen. Since this paper was first written, de Schauensee *° has published on this species and finds the present specimens less grayish than one from Etosha Pan, more like typical émpetwané. 10 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 84, p. 202, 1932. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1933 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82, ART. 10 PL. 1 MOUNT BRUKKAROS FROM A DISTANCE OF ABOUT 8 MILES The village shown is Berseba. CLOSER VIEW OF MOUNT BRUKKAROS Showing the nature of the environment. FIVE NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEDU- MON-FLIES By Frank D. DeGant Cleveland, Ohio The new species of ichneumon-flies described herein are from col- lections made by the writer in the United States and Canada during the summer of 1931. All type and allotype specimens are deposited in the United States National Museum, as are also two paratypes of Panargyrops insula and two of Polysphincta venatriz. Two para- types of Panargyrops insula are deposited in the Academy of Natu- ral Sciences of Philadelphia. All other specimens are in the col- lection of the writer. In describing the specimens a binocular micro- scope with a total magnification of 102 was used. The kindness of R. A. Cushman, of the United States Bureau of Entomology, in comparing the specimens described with mate- rial in the National Museum and in criticizing the manuscript, is sincerely appreciated. AMBLYTELES OHIOENSIS, new species A small, robust species near to A. brevicinctor Say, but distin- guished from that species by the thinness of the head anteroposte- riorly and by the size. Female.—Length 9 mm. Body, except where specified below, strongly punctate. Antennae 33-jointed, stout and flat beneath on apical half. Ovipositor extending beyond the apex of abdomen. Head thin anteroposteriorly; face produced, wider than long; clyp- eus polished in center, slightly depressed, broadly truncate at apex, malar space longer than basal width of mandibles; temples broad, equal to short diameter of eyes, flat, sharply receding; diameter of an ocellus two-thirds of ocellocular line, vertex higher than eyes, slightly granular between the eyes and ocelli. Notauli obsolete; scutellum broad, polished, and impunctate, margined at base, the groove smooth. Propodeal carinae strong, areola smooth and im- punctate. Abdomen broad, first tergite widened at apex, second tergite longer than wide, thyridia oblique, placed near posterior edge of gastrocoeli, which are strongly defined. Legs stout, front femora swollen, slightly longer than the tibiae, hind basitarsus longer than No. 2952.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 82, ArT. II 150218—33 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 the three following joints combined, front tibiae crowned with stout spines at apex. Wings long, stigma narrow, areolet rhomboid, sec- ond recurrent beyond the middle. Black; mandibles and tegulae at base reddish testaceous; first tergite at apex and second at base and apex reddish; annulus on antennae, spot on superior orbits, scutellum, and apex of abdomen white. Legs black; fore tibiae in front white; all tarsi fusco-testa- ceous; wings hyaline, slightly infumated. Male.—Aside from the secondary sexual characters, differs as fol- lows: Mandibles black; face at sides, spot on each side of clypeus, one on cheeks, collar, tegulae, spot before and below, fifth tergite at apex, femora at apex, the tibiae and tarsi of fore and middle legs in front white; red on abdomen confined to spot on apex of first tergite. Type locality —Bedford, Ohio. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 44125. Remarks.—Described from one female and two males collected at type locality on September 12, 1931, by the writer. PANARGYROPS INSULA, new species From all described North American species of this genus this species can be separated by its partly red abdomen. Female.—Length 5-6 mm, anterior wings 4 mm, antennae 22- jointed in type, first joint of flagellum longer than second, second and third equal. Ovipositor as long as the first three segments of the abdomen. Head transverse, somewhat thick anteroposteriorly, smooth and shining; clothed with long, glittering pubescence, which is longer on the face; clypeus convex, smooth, and impunctate, sepa- rated laterally, anterior edge thin, rounded, and with two indistinct nipples, the foramina distinct; face broader than long; malar space two-thirds as long as basal width of mandibles, finely granular; temples broad, somewhat arcuately receding, wider than cheeks; vertex convex, higher than the eyes; ocelli small, their diameter less than one-third the length of the ocellocular line, median ocellus equidistant from antennae and eyes; ocelloccipital line longer than ocellocular line. Mesoscutum polished, slightly longer than wide; notauli distinct, foveolate, converging posteriorly, and ending wide apart just before the scutellar groove; scutellum convex, polished, and densely pubescent laterally; mesopleurum polished, sternaulus narrow and foveolate. Propodeum short, strongly rounded, rugu- lose, densely pubescent, carinae present, but irregularly defined; spiracles small and round, placed in a smooth area near the base. Legs long and slender, posterior calcaria short, equal in length to the fifth tarsal joint; third tarsal joint equal in length to fourth and fifth joints combined. First abdominal segment long, curved, the dorsal carinae reaching nearly to the apex, the spiracles placed ART. 11 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—DsEGANT 3 near the middle; postpetiole slightly wider than petiole, smooth at apex; second tergite with a slight depression at base, less than one- third as wide at base as at apex; third tergite slightly constricted at base. Wings hyaline, veins and stigma dark; submedian cell equal to, or slightly shorter than, median; discocubitus broken, with- out a ramellus; length of radial cell on metacarpus about one-half longer than stigma; nervellus broken far below the middle; sub- discoidiella obsolete. Black, palpi stramineous; scape, base of first flagellar joint, mandibles except at apex, tegulae, and a spot at apex of postpetiole reddish testaceous; legs ferruginous, the front and middle tibiae paler, the front tarsi stramineous, the middle tarsi infuscate apically, and the hind tibiae and tarsi fuscous. Male.—¥ssentially like the female aside from the secondary sexual characters. Type locality —Parr Island, East Spence Lake, Ontario, Canada." Type—uU.S.N.M. No. 44126. Remarks.—Described from many specimens collected by the writer at type locality on July 6, 1931. Paratype B, female and male, is deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The host of this species should be easily ascertained, as P. insula will be found working on a very small plant that grows among the pebbles near the water. EXOLYTUS MELANOSCELIS, new species Near to #. ithacae Ashmead in having the frons transversely striate, but distinguished from that species by the black legs. Female—tLength 14 mm, antennae 25-jointed, first joint longer than second, second longer than third; ovipositor 1 mm. Head sub- quadrate, face produced, with a small tubercle below antennae, cov- ered with long hairs; clypeus short, sparsely punctate, rounded and polished at apex; malar space two-thirds basal width of mandibles; temples broad, convex, about equal to short diameter of eye; eyes ovate; diameter of an ocellus about one-third ocellocular line. Notauli defined anteriorly; mesoscutum smooth, polished, slightly punctate anteriorly; scutellar groove crenulate, scutellum slightly convex, triangular, margined to middle; mesopleurum smooth, pol- ished, longitudinally striate above the coxae, prepectal carinae strongly defined, ending at subalar tubercle; sternaulus deep, crenu- late. Metapleurum punctate; propodeum long, extending to middle of hind coxae, gradually sloping from base to apex, carinae prom- inent, areola smooth, polished, the portion beyond transversely striate, which with the longitudinal carinae forms a reticulation at 1 Parr Island, comprising about 12 acres, lies south of Picton, Ontario, in East Spence Lake. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 apical sides. First abdominal segment long, nearly round, slightly broadening from spiracles to apex, postpetiole smooth and polished, its disk slightly convex and with three minute foveae forming a tri- angle between the spiracles; abdomen beyond smooth and polished, second abdominal segment one-half as wide at base as at apex, with an oblique groove laterally at base; third abdominal segment slightly wider at base than at apex, subequal in length to the second. Legs of medium length, hind basitarsus equal in length to the four following joints combined. Stigma triangular, radius at middle, length of marginal cell on metacarpus twice the stigma, nervulus interstitial, postnervulus broken at middle, areolet open behind; nervellus ver- tical, broken below the middle, the first abscissa of radiella equal to the first abscissa of cubitella in length, first abscissa of mediella strongly curved, obliterated at base. Black; palpi whitish; mandibles brownish; abdomen beyond the spiracles of the first segment ferruginous; legs black, front femora and base of middle femora brownish; front and middle tibiae and tarsi testaceous; wing hyaline. Type locality—Hinckley, Ohio. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 44127. Remarks.—Described from one female collected by the writer at type locality on August 30, 1931. POLYSPHINCTA (POLYSPHINCTA) VENATRIX, new species A robust species. In color and sculpture of propodeum near to P. burgessi Cresson, but distinct from that species in its larger eyes and ocelli, shorter malar space, and sculptured abdomen. Female—Length 9 mm, ovipositor 38 mm, anterior wings 5.05 mm. Head transverse, smooth, and sparsely punctate, clothed with long hairs on the sides of face and mandibles. Face longer than wide, produced below antennae; clypeus convex, rounded at apex, its anterior edge somewhat depressed; foveo-ocular line longer than the malar space, which is one-third as long as basal width of mandibles; eyes large, slightly converging toward clypeus, slightly emarginate opposite the antennae; temples rounded, their width equal to about two-thirds of the short diameter of the eye; diam- eter of a lateral ocellus greater than ocellocular line, which is about equal to postocellar line and about one-half the ocelloccipital line; occipital and hypostomal carinae well developed; notauli distinct, subparallel, ending in a subquadrate, punctate area at middle of mesoscutum; scutellum convex, margined at base only; mesopleura smooth and impunctate, the furrow very wide, punctiform at base; propodeum rugulose, the median carinae defined and ending at the top of the posterior declivity; a short, strong median carina at ART, 11 NORTH AMERICAN ICHNEUMON-FLIES—_DgEGANT 5 apex; metapleura smooth and polished; first tergite rugulose, the median carinae reaching nearly to apex; second to sixth tergites strongly tuberculate, the impressions well defined and rugulose, the sculpture gradually lessening beyond the fourth; the apices polished in center, somewhat coriaceous laterally; legs of medium length, the hind basitarsus equal in length to the three following joints combined; wings long, stigma very narrow, first intercubitus more than one-half the length of the second abscissa of cubitus, postnervulus broken well below the middie; nervellus broken slightly below the middle. Black; antennae, clypeus, and mandibles brownish; palpi, tegulae, the apices of all trochanters and femora except the posterior, all tibiae on the outside except the posterior at apex, and the first three joints of the middle and hind tarsi, except at apex, white; hind femora and tibiae at apex, the latter beneath, the apices of the first three and the whole of the fourth and fifth tarsal joints of middle and hind legs fuscous; legs otherwise reddish; wings hyaline, veins dark, costal margins pale. Type locality—Parr Island, East Spence Lake, Ontario, Canada. Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 44128. Remarks.—Described from three females as follows: Type and paratype A, collected by the writer at type locality on July 6, 1931; paratype B, in the United States National Museum, collected at Oswego, N. Y., on June 27, 1896. Paratype B has much more red on the body than the type and paratype A, but the inconsistency of color in this genus, with this specimen’s consistency in structure with the type, leaves little doubt as to its identity. LATHROLESTES VISSCHERI, new species Different from all described North American species of Lath- rolestes in its size and in the venation of wings, and from Z. nasoni Davis, with which it may be confused, in the red abdomen in both sexes and larger claspers in the male. The species of this genus are not common, and their host relationship, I believe, is unknown. The shape of the ovipositor, which is incised beneath at apex, com- bined with its obtuse point, offers no suggestion. Female.—Length 7mm. Antennae 34-jointed in type. Ovipositor exserted and as long as the apical truncature of abdomen. Head transverse; temples bulging, somewhat more so than the cheeks; face broader than long and slightly produced below antennae, the interantennal line nearly equal to the apical width of mandibles; clypeus wide, convex, broadly rounded and with long hairs at apex, the foramina distinct; malar space one-half basal width of man- dibles; vertex slightly raised, extending posteriorly, about the di- 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82, art. 11 ameter of an ocellus, behind the ocelli, thence sharply declivous to occiput; diameter of an ocellus about one-half ocellocular line; first joint of flagellum slightly longer than second, constricted at base; notauli defined only anteriorly; mesoscutum distinctly convex, though slightly flattened in posterior middle; scutellum triangular in outline, slightly raised, truncate at base, the basal edge indistinctly, transversely striate; mesopleurum smooth, finely punctate; prop- podeum strongly granular, the pleural and apical carinae distinct, other carinae entirely absent. First abdominal segment rather long, gradually broadening toward apex, the lateral foveae large and near the base, the tergite granularly opaque except at extreme base, where it is polished; second and third tergites much broader than long, depressed. Legs long; in the hind legs the coxae nearly as long as the first abdominal segment, the calcaria as long as the third tarsal joint, the first tarsal joint as long as the three following joints combined. Nervulus interstitial, the discocubitus abruptly curved, giving the second discoidal cell a subquadrangular appear- ance; postnervulus broken slightly above the middle, areolet oblique, quadrangular; intercubitella about one-half as long as the basal abscissa of radiella, nervellus slightly reclivous, broken below the middle. Black; head except middle of frons, vertex, and upper part of occiput flavo-ferruginous; antennae brownish above, paler beneath; tegulae whitish; abdomen beyond the first segment ferruginous, slightly darker on second segment and apex; mandibles, palpi, front coxae and trochanters stramineous; legs largely reddish tes- taceous with front and middle legs paler; wings hyaline. Male.—Except for secondary sexual characters and the following differences in color, essentially like female: Antennae at base beneath, clypeus, mandibles except at apex, median line on front, cheeks, palpi, and entire orbits whitish; prothorax except collar, tegulae, a small spot on mesonotum above the humeral angle, meso- pleurum below the groove, sternum, and a spot before the hind coxae rufo-flavescent. Type locality.—Parr Island, East Spence Lake, Ontario, Canada. Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 44129. Remarks.—Described from five males and two females captured by the writer at the type locality on July 6, 1931, and named for Dr. J. Paul Visscher, of Western Reserve University. The type pair taken in copula. Paratype A, male and female, somewhat darker in color. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1933 Sh, PLANTS PRO, | Bile ASPES. SAL OF SOvER : y MWESThaY WroMTSG .* Bw Ge gllle 1911) —pmeh meter ae aN : - ] “He Nea sen Ws Haws iinliea! aiafey Gyotupwens Sur oy Patnaik? ©. 11) Qeweebh. het ey) Kh. ety Sey ly ric ie ulin’ Theos lr + SES AVite Choice ©) Lio ees ‘SOR way Tat Age + eisel- WeamenGl 8 rites had es Coie ol amr 7 \ ae bi pike BO et Ae EE ted be oie are " Sind AL Serle SS IPED) diye td pees . & eh sein WT re Mh hsinta Cis im Sui = su Seeitibn, 1 h%2 "1 LV ad oe bao / | | het) Prana Foyt! Lite te ol enh Pl aia G ne, nich furne:¢Leuyeas One ayers Westtis 1S Meas artista oi et or Vy ef im, Che : 7 Mie ne 2 heih oie, tee ieee i. Clee Ht v7} x ier) 7 V ovaries! Speais. enn Ler hae rig! nist ‘ B fist 05.0 Boe Gre licedy ? 4 ji ty ff Senin Balk, “LS UTS apt ae S iy a th fanit : pon) ay Wists Lahaina Rhy aa | i ure MEN, i Pay! . j I mig : A . DeiBichs me Cetin: | 4 ae a ; | PDs Foi, MEANS fcc Shae mt Lt sora ate | ie Py ss bie i ; Pacis! vp be ea Oe Frain, Lon D AAite eT: 4 tw ays! fii ‘ he intr SM tugs rua pic uel Ba hee sare - : 4 Te re i hate a Ny ay Rats i: ‘ jae ; meri Tote iy yl 4 Ler Raeits< As i. at el PT evr eal RA oki : big Na ae tis »i\ ‘*. aur ae CA Pik ey oO L 4 ips. h ‘By on ar in a ae Bs s PETO RA OF he Tet tay th vo be iearel Bos TOL eae Sug NAY! ot et) 3 at Lice (Mubty 2 shore Wu. c4 5 yh We ; tee oo) Se cee) VWaenwrtl) 5.2 Alun MON aha VON! Isa i pe perc meets MreteeR rere Tree OO hae eng ew Ty 21a i 4 ay a nn, —e ® ; Ps ee PS “Pity acim tet f > Grek Wise ih sft, Sais! 1S weap = 30 ? Sb hs J} FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE ASPEN SHALE OF SOUTH- WESTERN WYOMING * By Rotanp W. Brown United States Geological Survey Until recently no fossils other than fish scales, ingulas, and bones ” have been reported from the Aspen shale of southwestern Wyoming. In 1931, Reeside and Weymouth * described a number of ammonites and pelecypods from this shale, but the first hint of the presence of fossil plants in the Aspen was given in a personal communication, May 17, 1930, by A. Allen Weymouth, of the California Company, Denver. In the latter part of June, 1930, W. H. Bradley, of the United States Geological Survey, and I visited the locality cited by Mr. Weymouth and made a good collection, which forms the basis for this paper. The locality mentioned is northwest of Kemmerer, Wyo., in the NW. 14 sec. 6, T. 24 N., R. 115 W., in the low bluff on the south side of the junction of Everly Creek and Fontanelle Creek and about 125 feet east of a north-south fence. The section of the Aspen shale exposed in this region is about 1,000 feet thick. It shows strata of black and gray shales, clay, thin coals, bentonite, gray sandstone, and light-colored tuff, all dipping 35° westward. The gray to bluish- gray shales weather into long rounded hills with a distinctive greenish-gray appearance. This was the only locality in the Aspen at which we found fossil plants. The fossil plants occur in the uppermost 125 feet of the formation in a thin stratum of bluish-gray hard mudstone, which is very brittle and fractures conchoidally. The plants occur at all angles through the matrix, making it somewhat difficult to get entire specimens. They are very well preserved and stand out black against the bluish- gray background. The Aspen flora occurs in deposits which directly underlie the Frontier formation of accepted Colorado age and are, therefore, somewhat earlier, but still Colorado in age. These two floras, there- 1 Published by permission of the Director, U. S. Geological Survey. * Schultz, Alfred R., Geology and geography of a portion of Lincoln County, Wyo. U. S. Geol. Sury. Bull. 543, p. 59, 1914. *Reeside, John B., jr., and Weymouth, A. Allen, Mollusks from the Aspen shale (Cretaceous) of southwestern Wyoming. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 78, art. 17, pp. 1-24, pls. 1-4, 1931. No. 29853.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 82, ART. 12 150262—33 L 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 fore, become important as marking definite stratigraphic horizons. When a sufficient number of such cases come to light, the history of plant species and their migrations can be studied, thereby making identification of new or isolated collections easy and reliable. The flora with which the Aspen would immediately be compared is that described by Knowlton * from the overlying Frontier forma- tion. The lists of the two floras are arranged side by side below: Aspen flora Frontier flora Anemia fremonti Knowlton. Anemia fremonti Knowlton. Asplenium occidentale Knowlton. Asplenium occidentale Knowlton. Cladophlebis readi, new species. Dennstaedtia? fremonti (Hall) Knowlton. Microtaenia paucifolia (Hall) Knowl- | Dryopteris coloradensis Knowlton. ton. Microtaenia paucifolia (Hall) Knowlton. Sparganium aspensis, new species. Microtaenta variabilis Knowlton. Populus? aspensis, new species. | Tapeinidium? undulatum (Hall) Knowl- Dryandroides lanceolata Knowlton. | atom: Laurus aspensis, new species. Equisetum sp. Sassafras bradley, new species. Smilax? coloradensis Knowlton. Nelumbo weymouthi, new species. Myrica nervosa Knowlton. Inquidambar fontanelia, new species. Salix cumberlandensis Knowlton. Prunus aspensis, new species. Salix frontierensis Knowlton. Staphylea? fremonti Knowlton. Quercus stantont Knowlton. Ficus fremonti Knowlton. Ficus? sp. Ficus? sp. Cinnamomum hesperium Knowlton. Cinnamomum? sp. Dryandroides lanceolata Knowlton. Aralia veatchit Knowlton. Staphylea? fremonti Knowlton. Dewalquea pulchella Knowlton. Phyllites ficifolia Knowlton. Phyllites dentata Knowlton. Phyllites. Sapindopsis schultzi, new species. It will be seen that five species are common to both floras, which is a large percentage when the small size of the floras is considered. So far as the general composition of the floras is concerned, they are very similar and, in my opinion, indicate the same climatic and en- vironmental conditions, namely, a warm temperate and weil-watered habitat. Knowlton argues for a tropical or subtropical habitat for the Frontier flora on the basis of several ferns supposed to be related to those now living in such an environment, and on a few species of supposed figs. Studying Knowlton’s discussion of the davallioid * Knowlton, i’. H., A fossil flora from the Frontier formation of southwestern Wyoming. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 108, 1917. ART. 12 FOSSIL PLANTS FROM WYOMING—BROWN 3 ferns, one gets the impression that none of these is definitely deter- mined in terms of living species, and two are assigned to a new genus. Their value, therefore, as habitat indicators is not very great. As for the supposed figs, the fact that two of these species are questioned and the third is identified on the basis of resemblance to another problematical Ficus, one can be pardoned for not placing great stress on their value as habitat indicators. Opposed to all the uncertainties due to doubtful identification are a few determinations which come reasonably within the limits of certainty. The Aspen species which seem to me to be correctly assigned and beyond serious question are: Velumbo weymouthi, Liquidambar fontanella, and Sassafras bradleyi. Vf Liguidambar fontanella alone is correct and if it had the habits of the living species, it would stamp the association as a temperate, perhaps a warm-temperate, one. The absence from the Aspen of gymnosperms like the cycads and conifers leaves little for comparison with such older floras as that of the Potomac group, the Kootenai formation, and others. Besides Sassafras bradleyi and Laurus aspensis there are few resemblances to anything in the large and somewhat earlier flora of the Dakota formation. Likewise there are few if any points in common with such floras of later date as that of the Mesaverde formation, Judith River formation, Vermejo formation, and others. The Aspen and Frontier floras, therefore, hold a conspicuous place in the gap of our knowledge of western interior Cretaceous vegetation. PTERIDOPHYTA ANEMIA FREMONTI Knowlton PLATE 1, Fieurr 3 Anemia fremonti KNow ton, U. S. Geol. Sury. Prof. Paper 108, p. 84, pl. 31, fig. 6; pl. 32, figs. 1-8, 1917. The specimen figured here is similar to those described by Knowl- ton. Exception could be made in respect to the smaller size and the deeper lobing of the pinnules of the Aspen material; but these characters may well come within the variations of the species. Plesiotype—U.S.N.M. No. 391386. ASPLENIUM OCCIDENTALE Knowlton PLATE 1, FIGURE 5 Asplenium occidentale KNOWLTON, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof, Paper 108, p. 84, pl. 31, figs. 2-5, 1917. The specimen figured here is apparently a ternately divided por- tion of a young or deformed frond of the species described by Knowl- 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 82 ton. The pinnules are not elongated as in Knowlton’s specimens, but the venation and marginal dentition are similar. Plesiotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 39187. CLADOPHLEBIS READI, new species PLATE 1, FIGURE 2 This was probably a tree fern, if stoutness of the rachis is any indication of the size and habit of these ancient ferns. The rachis is 3.5 mm in diameter and bears narrow, elongated pinnae at intervals of 13cm. The pinnae average 10 cm in length and bear numerous closely spaced, falcate, minutely stalked or sessile pinnules. ‘The margin of the pinnules appears for the most part to be entire, but in some cases is noticeably crenulate. From the midrib of the pinnules emerge 8 to 10 pairs of secondary veins, which fork once close to the midrib. No sori are present on any of the specimens in this collection. Many species of Cladophlebis have been described from Cretaceous rocks. The species which this most resembles is Cladophlebis distans Fontaine * from the Potomac group of Virginia and Maryland. The chief difference between the two seems to be that most of the pinnules of C. readi are conspicuously rounded at the base and are attached by a minute stalk. C. readi will no doubt be compared with Dryop- teris coloradensis Knowlton. That species, however, has more widely spaced pinnae; the venation of the pinnules is more open and oblique; and the rachis is much slenderer, suggesting a different habit. I name this species for my colleague, C. B. Read. Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 39138. MICROTAENIA PAUCIFOLIA (Hall) Knowlton PLATE 1, Figure 4 Microtaenia paucifoia (Hatt) Kwowrton, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper L108; p82, ple 30; Hess 12, LOT. The specimen figured is fragmentary, but sufficient is present to identify it with those described by Knowlton. Plesiotype-—U.S.N.M. No. 39139. SPARGANIACEAE SPARGANIUM ASPENSIS, new species PLATE 2, FIGURE 2 This specimen has the general appearance of a Sparganium spike of staminate flowers. The portion preserved is 9 cm long and shows 5 Fontaine, W. M., The Potomac or younger Mesozoic flora. U.S. Geol. Surv. Mon. 15, p. 77, pl. 18, figs. 4, 5, 1890. ® Knowlton, I. H., A fossil flora from the Frontier formation of southwestern Wyoming. U. S. Geol. Sury. Prof. Paper 108, p. 83, pl. 30, figs. 3, 4, 1917. art. 12 FOSSIL PLANTS FROM WYOMING—BROWN a small staminate heads at intervals of 1 em. The individual stamens can not be distinguished readily. Associated with these flowers on other blocks are portions of narrow striated leaves, which closely resemble the leaves of modern sparganiums. The object with which this fossil may at once be compared is that described by Lesquereux * from the Dakota sandstone of Kansas, and called by him flowers of Platanus primaeva. Associated with these flowers are undoubted Platanus leaves, so that the identifica- tion of the flowers as Platanus flowers may be correct. On the other hand, there are objects in the Dakota group described as Podozamites which may be Sparganium leaves instead. I have found no Platanus leaves in the Aspen collec- tion, where they certainly should have left fossil leaf remains if Platanus had been a tree along the Aspen river courses. Holotype —U.S.N.M. No. 39140. SALICACEAE POPULUS? ASPENSIS, new species FIGURE 1 The single specimen of this species (fig. 1) is the only one in this collection. It is fragmentary but enough is preserved to show the gen- eral characters. The leaf was orbicular, probably 6 cm in diameter, with few large blunt teeth on the margin and a cuneate base. From the top of the petiole arises a palmate system of primary veins, which curve upward toward the margin and send off secondaries toward the teeth. The finer venation is obscure. The petiole is 2.5 cm long. In general this leaf resembles those forms from the Fort Union described as Populus, particularly P. cuneata Newberry, and illus- trated by Ward.* The teeth in the present specimen are coarser, FIGURE 1.—Sketch of Populus? aspensis. 1 7 Lesquereux, Leo, The flora of the Dakota group. U. S. Geol. Surv. Mon. 17, p. 72, pl. 8, figs. 8, 8b, 1892. Ward, L. F., Types of the Laramie flora. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 37, p. 19, pl. 4, figs. 5-8; pl. 5, figs. 1-3, 1887. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 and because of the difference in age I venture the opinion that this is a different and perhaps an ancestral species. The resemblance of these leaves to those of the modern genus Grewia of the Tiliaceae has led some paleobotanists to think their affinities may lie in that direction. I have, therefore, questioned the generic reference to Populus. Holotype—U.S.N.M. No. 89141. PROTEACEAE DRYANDROIDES LANCEOLATA Knowlton PLATE 1, FIGURE 6 Dryandroides lanceolata KNOWLTON, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 108, p. 89, pl. 34, fig. 7, 1917. This lanceolate coriaceous coarsely toothed leaf, although some- what smaller, has the characters of that described by Knowlton from the Frontier formation. It is comparable to the leaves of some modern species of such proteaceous genera as Dryandra and Banksia. However, in the absence of more certain evidence than foliar char- acters, no definite commitment other than that already suggested by Knowlton can be made as to generic affinity. Plesiotype-—U.S.N.M. No. 39142. LAU RACEAE LAURUS ASPENSIS, new species PLATE 2, FIGURE 1 This specimen is a short stem bearing one nearly entire leaf, a por- tion of another leaf, and the petiole of a third. There are no buds or leaf scars on the stem. The large leaf is 8 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, and is oblanceolate in form, the nature of the apex being unknown, but the base is cuneate to a petiole 1.5 cm long. Margin entire. The venation is pinnate from a strong midrib, and is com- posed of 12 or more subopposite pairs of secondaries, which emerge from the midrib at 50°, run out fairly straight to within a short dis- tance of the margin, and then curve upward sharply and become lost near the margin beneath the curve of the secondary above. The tertiary venation is a system of irregular parallel diagonals con- necting the secondaries. It would seem that the affinities of this specimen are with the Lauraceae or Magnoliaceae. I have compared the specimen with all the available similar material in the United States National Museum, but find no exact reliable correspondence for definite iden- ART. 12 FOSSIL PLANTS FROM WYOMING—BROWN t tification in terms of past work. I venture, therefore, to name a new species, with the reservations necessitated by all such paleobotanic uncertainties. Holotype —U.S.N.M. No. 39148. SASSAFRAS BRADLEYI, new species PLATE 2, FIGURE 5 Only one specimen of this species was found. It is an obtusely trilobate leaf 5 cm long and 5 cm wide from tip to tip of the lateral lobes. The upper margin of the lateral lobes makes an approximately right-angle sinus with the margin of the middle lobe. Margin entire and noticeably thickened. Petiole of unknown length. The two lateral primaries arise from a point 3 cm above the top of the petiole and spread to the apices of the lobes. A few widely spaced second- aries arise at angles of 55° and curve upward to the margin, where they are lost in the thin vein, which arises at the base of the leaf and runs along the margin, giving it a thickened appearance. A sec- ondary arises from the midrib and runs to the sinus where it forks, these forks in turn joining the marginal vein. This leaf differs somewhat from modern sassafras leaves in having such unusually wide sinuses, but compares well in regard to internal structure. The chiet difficulty here, it seems to me, is not whether this leaf ought to be called sassafras but just how it should be dis- tinguished from many variable Cretaceous forms from the Dakota sandstone, Cheyenne sandstone, and elsewhere, called Sassafras, Ster- culia, and Avralia. No fruits of any kind were found in this collection and, therefore, an important source of evidence as to the affinity of these leaves is not at hand. I take pleasure in naming this species for W. H. Bradley, of the United States Geological Survey. Holotype —U.S.N.M. No. 39144. NYMPHAEACEAE NELUMBO WEYMOUTHI, new species PLATE 1, FIGURE 1 Only the central portion of this leaf is preserved, so that it is impossible to state exactly the size and shape of the entire leaf. There are 12 strong radiating primaries, some of which fork within a centimeter of the center and produce toward the margin the charac- teristic venation network of Nelwmbo. Evidently the leaf was not large, possibly 6 to 8 cm in diameter, and was probably orbicular in shape. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 82 This species appears to be different in size and venation from any other Cretaceous Velwmbo. The distribution and general relation- ships of the fossil nelumbos have been discussed by Berry.® I name this species for A. Allen Weymouth. Holotype —vU.S.N.M. No. 39145. HAMAMEL1DACEAE LIQUIDAMBAR FONTANELLA, new species FIGURE 2; PLATE 2, FIGURE 3 The fragments of leaves in this collection would lead one to infer that all the leaves of this species were deeply and narrowly 3-lobed. The range of variation in modern liquidambars includes 3- to 7-lobed Fieurn 2.—Reconstruction of Liquidambar fontanella. X% leaves with the 5-lobed leaf the usual and most common form. The over-all breadth of this leaf from tip to tip of the lower lobes is 13 em and the length from the top of the petiole to the tip of the middle lobe is 8 cm. The lobes are 1 cm wide near the base and become narrowly attenuate to their tips. The margins are finely crenate- serrate. The base is slightly cordate. Length of petiole unknown. The primary venation includes three strong veins arising from the top of the petiole, the laterals diverging at an angle of 60° from the middle vein. Eight to ten pairs of secondaries appropriately spaced branch off from the primaries at approximately 60°, loop upward near the margin, and connect with the secondaries above. In general the characters of this leaf compare well with those of the modern 9 Berry, Edward W., Geologie history of the Wilcox group at Meridian, Miss. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 108, p. 64, 1918. ART. 12 FOSSIL PLANTS FROM WYOMING—BROWN 9 liquidambars, with the exception of the unusually long lobes and the restricted area of the basal region. From an esthetic point of view the tree which bore these delicately graceful leaves was undoubtedly a striking object in the Cretaceous landscape along the river courses and moist low country of southwestern Wyoming. A review of liquidambar history discloses no earlier undoubted liquidambar than this. Several Cretaceous leaves have been called liquidambars, but because they have entire margins they are not now regarded as such. Not until Eocene and Miocene times did the liquidambars leave plentiful remains both of leaves and fruits. Holotype—vU.S.N.M. No. 39146. ROSACEAE PRUNUS ASPENSIS, new species PLATE 2, FIGURE 4 This is an oblong to lanceolate leaf with finely serrate margin, rounded base, and short petiole. Nature of the apex unknown. Approximate length 5 cm, width 2 cm. The venation is not clearly shown, but is pinnate with secondaries emerging from the midrib at 50° and becoming camptodrome near the margin. Finer venation undeterminable. The affinities of this leaf seem to me to be with the Rosaceae and I assign it to the genus Prunus. There are no Cretaceous species of Prunus so far as I know with which this could be identified. Holotype—vU.S.N.M. No. 39147. STAPHY LEACEAE STAPHYLEA? FREMONTI Knowlton PLATH 1, KiGuRE. 8 Staphylea? fremonti KNowtTon, U. 8S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 108, p. 98, pl. 32, Sr Dcepl. sa, figs 5, 1OLT The specimen figured here and the only one of the sort in this collection is at least a trifoliate leaf, but may be the terminal portion of a leaf which had more leaflets. Points of difference between this specimen and those figured by Knowlton are: Petiole of middie leafiet longer than those of the laterals; base of leaflets rounder; sec- ondary veins less numerous. All these differences may be within the limits of variation in the species, and, therefore, I hesitate to desig- nate a new species for this specimen from the Aspen formation. The question mark following the generic name, it seems to me, is much to the point. Plesiotype—U.S.N.M. No. 39148. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vot. 82, ArT. 12 SAPINDACEAE SAPINDOPSIS SCHULTZI, new species PLATE 1, FIGURE 7 The specimen reproduced here was apparently a leaflet of a com- pound leaf as inferred from its markedly unequal base and from the fact that on another block in this collection are fragments of four such leaflets all oriented in the same direction and about equally spaced as if they had been attached to a rachis. Unfor- tunately the rock is broken off at that line, leaving this inference unproved. The leaflet is elliptic in form, with low crenate-serrate teeth on the margin and an inequilateral base. Length 3 em, width 12cm. The venation is pinnate with five or six pairs of secondaries emerging from the midrib at 60°, looping upward well within the margin to the secondary above. Finer venation obscure. Following a precedent in regard to indefinite Cretaceous Sapinda- ceae, I venture to assign this species to Sapindopsis, because of its resemblance to 8S. belviderensis Berry.1° That species, however, is larger, with coarsely toothed margins. I name this species for A. R. Schultz. Holotype-—U.S.N.M. No. 39149. 10 Berry, Hdward W., Flora of the Cheyenne sandstone of Kansas. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 129, p. 216, pls. 49-54, 1922. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 19338 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOE. 82) ART. 12) PE: 4 = 27% 4 FOSSIL PLANTS FROM SOUTHWESTERN WYOMING 1, Nelumbo weymouthi, new species; 2, Cladophlebis readi, new species; 3, Anemia fremonti Knowlton; 4, Microtaenia paucifolia (Hall) Knowlton; 5, Asplenium occidentale Knowlton; 6, Dryandroides lanceolata Knowlton; 7, Sapindopsis schultzi, new species; 8, Staphylea? fremonti Knowlton. All natural size U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82, ART. 12 PL. 2 FOSSIL PLANTS FROM SOUTHWESTERN WYOMING 1, Laurus aspensis, new species; 2, Sparganium aspensis, new species; 3, Liquidambar fontanella, new species; 4, Prunus aspensis, new species; 5, Sassafras bradleyi, new species. All natural size. ars | 7 ‘Up ieane Fert eae es ee T- i Viol? \Siesenm 4 Sega 7p a - te ets ute ios Was Ai eid ck We hem as a ees oe ited ated HA mes “i \ ; NY = aT =) ui Tne Per ~ Wi Y lain SY _ Wernyeon wie 8 Phi i) Ay A ' 7 - : mt Pespienwiny feos. 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Ser) LBs ‘ , Bt: ee Aad Nh, PRY Pedi Ever WG, TH) Beets fouhE. | [ee au mm RN rea emte tha VW ert 9» wetstihs gh io wot ‘aaa ig per shits Al iin ft ‘ 494 ; eo ne iia> ote Hi Tied he ia i eg igiot Neass SRC é a ee . * ct oe ee Pe eLearn! Sai ek ET pts ele evi rr PALA re Sere re’ i Hinefd, garth Wag mnt Ste ani SCART er AE iin wets =n Tie i Ro keturong aa ARR Teal ly “ene eat, pate yc eben uv B NA Ge be eeu, « 2 mu Oe. | CAMPTOSTROMA, A LOWER CAMBRIAN FLOATING HYDROZOAN By Rupotr RurpEMANN State Paleontologist, New York State Museum, Albany, N. Y. A problematic fossil from the Lower Cambrian of Pennsylvania, belonging to the United States National Museum, has been submitted to me for study and description. The material consists of molds only, one specimen showing impressions of the two opposite sides, two others impressions of one side. The incompleteness of the pres- ervation would at first sight discourage a study of the form, but its great age and perplexing appearance invite examination, and the sharpness of the casts permits some fairly conclusive determinations. The outline of the fossil is broadly elliptic to subcircular, the supposed upper surface slightly convex with a shallow central de- pression, the supposed under surface flat or slightly concave. The organism was originally either disklike or lenticular—perhaps even a spherical body, the degree of post-mortem compression not being determinable in the fossil state. It is probable that the body was biconvex and relatively soft, as the oblique compression has made a concentric semicircular fold on what I consider the upper surface, with a corresponding ridge on the underside. (See fig. 1.) No trace of the original substance of the organism is preserved, but a limonite film in the holotype and a silica film in another speci- men, between the matrix and the mold of the fossil, suggest the presence of a periderm. The sharp impressions of both upper and under surfaces leave no doubt of the substantial character of the walls and indicate the presence of a surficial skeleton composed of loosely connected spicules, forming the coenenchym. ‘The spicules may have been chitinous in substance, or they may have contained some lime, the form then being comparable to some recent Alcy- onacea, as the Xenidae, the spicules of which also contain but a relatively small proportion of lime, or to the Alcyoniidae, in whose soft, fleshy colonies the spicules are not fused. The fossil suggests at first sight an echinoderm, but the absence of a distinctly plated integument and of mouth and anus is adverse to that view. Neither can a reference to the sponges, which might be suggested by the composition of the body wall of spicules and the pega of numerous openings (possibly inhalant pores), be npeele: No. 2954.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEuM, VOL. 82, ART. 13 150263—33 of} Z PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 There is nothing to indicate the presence of an ostium, and such organs as the monticules also distinguish it from the sponges. Like- wise the possibility that this peculiar form might be referable to the Receptaculidae, now considered by some as calcareous algae, is not supported, as the fossil lacks the regular surficial pavement of quin- cuncial elements so characteristic of those problematical organisms. All the features of the fossil considered, a reference to the hydro- zoans appears most apt. The strange Paropsonema cryptophya Clarke from the Naples beds of New York is at once suggested, having in common with our fossil the general outline, possible disk- like shape, and concentric ring of radial ribs. Paropsonema is now considered as the float or pneumatophore of a large hydrozoan, which in structure resembles the float of Porpita. (See Ruedemann, 1916, p. 22.) Another similar fossil is the Ordovician Discophyllum peltatum Walcott, considered as a medusa by Walcott but also re- ferred by Ruedemann (2bzd.) to the Hydrozoa as a probable float of Stphonophora. Both Paropsonema and Discophyllum, while strik- ingly similar to Camptostroma in general features, possess charac- ters that unite them with Porpita but that are not found in Camp- tostroma. Paropsonema shows distinct cycles of air chambers and concentric lines, while Camptostroma, in the cancellated skeleton and the monticules, possesses characters that are not found, to my knowl- edge, in any floats of siphonophores but that point distinetly to the Tubulariae. The central portion of the disklike body on one (upper?) side is marked with numerous large subcircular depressions sunk into a granular surface from which, in some places, faint radiating de- pressed lines extend, suggesting the astrorhizae of the stromatopo- roids. The granular surface in one specimen results from small, closely packed spicules. This area is surrounded by a ring of sharp folds or ribs, the spicules of which are coarser and less closely packed than in the central portion, leaving numerous pores between. ‘These spicules are intermediate between those of the upper central area, the marginal area, and the underside. The ribs fade into the mar- ginal portion and underside, both of which are characterized by a polygonal network of small, widely spaced, vertical, platelike spic- ules. As a result of this plate arrangement the whole looks lke the vermicular, perforate sclerenchyma of numerous stromatoporoids or more recent Hydrocorallinae. In some areas a pavement of short pillarlike spicules appears. The underside is characterized by num- erous monticules with depressed centers showing groups of small circular pits and nodes surrounded by radiating trabeculae or tubes (%). The general form of the bodies, as well as the structure of the cancellated surface of the coenosare and the monticules, suggesting arT.13 A NEW LOWER CAMBRIAN HYDROZOAN—-RUEDEMANN 3 zooidal tubes with an interior reticulate columella, finds its closest homology in the Tubulariae, such as the genera Stoliczekaria and Heterastridium from the Triassic of Europe and Asia. In a some- what less degree they resemble the Paleozoic Stromatoporoidea, which are currently placed with the Hydrocorallinae and Tubulariae as an early aberrant order, and which are able to form colonial stocks and possess surfaces similar to those of Camptostroma. From both the Hydrocorallinae and Stromatoporoidea this form is separated by its obvious lack of a strongly calcareous coenenchym, although it is quite possible that the zooids of Camptostroma had a chitinous periderm and a chitinous, or only slightly calcified, basal coenenchym, as in many recent Tubulariae. The presence of the limonite film in the holotype and of the siliceous film in another specimen between the matrix and the impression of the fossil makes it probable that the polyp stocks were protected by a chitinous outer layer (periderm) as in many recent Tubulariae, and the mold we see is that of the chitinous or slightly calcareous skeleton secreted at the base of the outer layer of zooids or polyps. From the sharp preservation of the surface features (of the last coenenchym), loss of all interior structure, and the clear evidence of a considerable flexibility and compressibility of the body, I am led to the conclusion that this organism had a chitinous skeleton and resembled most of the present Tubulariae. It may well have been the ancestor of the Stromatoporoidea, which later developed much greater expansion of the coral stocks, which necessitated protection and support by deposition of lime in the skeleton. As the colonial stock was lenticular if not subspherical, and there is evidence of the presence of only one layer of coenenchym under- lying the youngest generation of zooids, it is possible that the earlier and deeper Jayers of the coenenchym were not preserved, owing to a lack or small percentage of chitin and lime; or it is possible that they were dissolved on further growth and the interior then filled partly with gas (perhaps contained in the mesogloea) and the entire hydrosome was floating. This is by no means improbable for the following reasons: There are floating pelagic colonial stocks or hydro- somes of hydrozoans to-day, as in the family Pelagohydridae and three species of the genus Margelopsis (see Hickson, 1909, p. 274). The presence of hydropores on both the upper and under sides of the colonial stock indicates freedom for the zooids to expand on all sides, or a free floating condition of the hydrosome, while the light- ness and imperfect development of the skeleton point in the same direction. Finally, there is little doubt among biologists that the mobile habit preceded the sessile and the discovery of the ocean bottom. In the case of this colonial stock, budding would then 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 have preceded fixation, while the reverse is generally presumed to have happened. (See Raymond, 1921, p. 347.) In the present case, however, the coenenchym layer and the float provided the stratum of fixation for the succeeding generations of zooids, thereby allow- ing the development of budding. It seems quite logical that this should have been a stage preceding that of discovery of and fixation on the ocean bottom. (See the opposite view of Alexander Agassiz below.) The gradual or accidental sinking of such colonial stocks to a favorable bottom would have provided the transitional stage from the floating colonial stock to the fixed one. Camptostroma is then to be regarded as an early hydrozoan that had not yet progressed from the pelagic habit to the bottom (ben- thonic) habit, and was still in the first stages of developing a chitin- ous (or mucine ?) skeleton. I have before emphasized on the one hand the striking similarity in outline and coarser sculpture (the ribs) of the disks here de- scribed to the floats of the siphonophores, as represented by the re- cent Porpita, the Devonian Paropsonema, and possibly the Middle Ordovician Discophyllum,; and, on the other hand, the close homol- ogy of the details of the skeleton of the disk with those of the coe- nenchym of the Tubulariae. It is of great importance that lead- ing authorities on the Hydrozoa, as Kélliker, Louis Agassiz, Me- Crady, and Alexander Agassiz (1881, p. 10), have pointed out that the relationship of the Velellidae and Porpitidae to the tubularian hydroids is very close. Agassiz describes very fully how Porpita might be derived from a Hydractinia, or Podocoryne “in which the chitinous extension of the base of the coenosare may perhaps be con- sidered as the first indication of the formation of the float” (op. cit. pp. 10, 11). He goes even further in indicating the homologies in the zooids of the Tubulariae and the Siphonophora mentioned and (op. cit. p. 12) in pointing also to the close relationship of Porpita to the Hydrocorallinae, the singular white plate of the float, and its peculiar structure reminding him of the porous structure of the corallum of Sporadopora, Allopora, and Millepora, and finally even in mentioning the Stromatoporae, which, if related to Millepora, would carry back the hydrozoans to the Silurian. Summarizing these observations, it seems safe for us to consider Camptostroma as a tubularian hydrozoan with relations to the Siphonophora on one hand and the Paleozoic Stromatoporoidea on the other, to the an- cestors of all of which it may stand in close relation through its generalized character. It is to be remembered that tubularian Hydrozoa and Siphonophora apparently were already present in Lower Cambrian time.t 1] have recently described (1931, p. 2) a Middle Cambrian hydrozoan (Chaunograptus scandens) of the campanularid type (order Calyptoblastea). agt.18 A NEW LOWER CAMBRIAN HYDROZOAN—RUEDEMANN 5 CAMPTOSTROMA,’ new genus Lenticular or spheroidal bodies with chitinous or slightly calcare- ous skeleton present in only one surficial layer. One (upper?) surface has central circular area with granular surface, and short, subcircular, zooidal tubes, surrounded by primitive astrorhizae. Central area surrounded by a concentric ring of radiating ribs with granular surface. Remaining surface composed of reticulate mesh- work of platelike spicules surrounding round pores and larger monticules, with central groups of pores and knobs. Genoty pe-—Camptostroma roddyi, new species. CAMPTOSTROMA RODDYI, new species Figures 1, 2; PLAtTEs 1-4 Description.—-Hydrosoma free, lenticular to ellipsoidal or sphe- roidal in shape, of size of a small apple (largest, diameter 66.5 mm; FIGURE 1.—Diagrammatie cross section of the holotype of Camptostroma roddyi, showing fold on both the upper and under sides produced by lateral compression another, incomplete, 45 mm), flexible, probably floating. One side (upper?) possessing a central, circular to elliptic, slightly convex area (33 by 28 mm in type), with depressed center; its surface is granular and perforated by fairly evenly distributed (in quincuncial FiGuRE 2.—Vertical section of Camptostroma roddyi, showing the layer of coenenchym with the theeal pores on upper and under sides and monticules on underside. The dotted lines indicate extent of ribs arrangement) subcircular depressions (many of which have a limo- nite nodule at the bottom and originally were undoubtedly pores), about 0.5 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm apart. Many of the pores surrounded by somewhat crudely radiate or stellate furrows, suggest- ing a primitive form of astrorhizae of the Tubulariae (as Poro- sphaera) and Stromatoporoidea. 2 Kaunros, flexible + orp&ya, layer. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 Central smooth areas surrounded by a concentric zone of promi- nent radiating ribs, about 10 mm long and 1 mm wide, separated by equally wide intervals. Ribbed area possessing granular surface like the central one, but lacking the pores. The marginal region of the upper side (outside the ribbed area) and the whole under surface composed of short (about 0.5 mm long), straight or slightly curved, vertical, platelike spicules that form a reticulate meshwork with irregular, circular, polygonal, and elongate pores, averaging 0.5 mm in diameter. Where best preserved they are fairly uniformly circular. Between them, in the middle of the underside, are fairly evenly distributed monticules, about 2 mm apart and 1.5 to 2.5 mm in diameter, circular in outline, slightly convex, surrounded by radiating spicules, and often provided with a central group of round knobs and depressions. One of these specimens was collected more than 10 years ago by Dr. H. Justin Roddy, then at the Teachers College, Millersville, Pa., and now at Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pa., while the holotype was obtained by him in 1981. Horizon and locality—lLower Cambrian, Kinzers formation (Olen- ellus zone): Loc. 12x, Fruitville, 3 miles north of Lancaster, Pa. Holotype and paratypes.—U.S.N.M. No. 85181. CAMPTOSTROMA RESSERI, new species PLATE 3, Figures 1-3 Another fossil of similar outline and character—merely an impres- sion in black Lower Cambrian slate from North Granville Bridge, N. Y., found in the National Museum’s collections—was later sent to me for comparison with Camptostroma roddyi. The specimen is labeled “ medusa imprint?,” and indeed at first glance it suggests a medusa more than anything else. The conclu- sions, however, that were obtained in regard to Camptostroma and the presence of a small portion of the original skeleton of the fossil found in the center support the view that this fossil is actually con- generic with @. roddyi. I shall therefore describe it as Campto- stroma resseri. Description—Hydrosoma disk shaped or lenticular, of circular outline, about 7.5 cm in diameter. Central area of the side ex- posed, somewhat elevated and surrounded by a ring of wedge- shaped lobes with fiat, smooth surfaces, about 20 mm long and 5 to 7 mm wide at the outer extremity. The outer margin is slightly scalloped corresponding to the lobes. The small portion of the body of the fossil in the center consists of a porous mass strongly resembling slag, and obviously forming the interstitial filling of a meshwork of irregular spicules such as forms the skeleton in the genotype. akT.13 A NEW LOWER CAMBRIAN HYDROZOAN—-RUEDEMANN t Remarks.—The specimen is very incomplete and therefore leaves much to be desired in the evidence for its taxonomic position. Yet the radiate surface sculpture and especially the spongy, porous body in the center clearly place this fossil in the same group with the much better known C. roddyi. Likewise the body is too sub- stantial to be derived from a soft medusa; for although found in a much compressed argillaceous slate in which organic remains are completely flattened out, as is Dactyloidites radiatus, the impression of this Camptostroma reaches 1.6 mm below the surface of the bedding plane along the scalloped margin and twice as much in the central bulge. If there was a corresponding excavation on the other side of the bedding plane, as we must assume, the body reached a thickness of over 6 mm in the shale; certainly a good proof of a solid structure in the living organism such as is indi- cated by the small patch of meshwork in the center. Horizon and locality —Lower Cambrian: North Granville, N. Y. Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 85951. BIBLIOGRAPHY AGASSIZ, ALEXANDER. 1883. Exploration of the surface fauna of the Gulf Stream under the auspices of the Coast Survey, III, pt. 1: The Porpitidae and Vel- ellidae. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, no. 2, 16 pp., illus. Hickson, SYDNEY JOHN. 1909. Coelenterata and Ctenophora. Jn Cambridge Natural History, ed. 2, vol. 1, pp. 248—424, illus. London. NICHOLSON, HENRY ALLEYNE, and LYDEKKER, RICHARD. 1889. A manual of palaeontology, ed. 3, vol. 1, 885 pp., illus. Hdinburgh and London. PARKER, THOMAS JEFFERY, and HASWELL, WILLIAM AITCHESON. 1910. ( ri je Bi } £ f: £ ; u ‘ si F E th ago | = E E r E E a 0! mM 0 Miia ee ¥ Ficurs 3.—Odontospirura cetiopenis: a, Lateral view of head; b, dorsal view of head Cram (1927) lists two species of nematodes, Spirura zeschokkei and S. uncinipenis, as being collected from the proventriculus of Rhea americana. The first species, which was called Spiroptera alata by Zschokke (1889), was later renamed Spirura zschokkei by Railliet and Henry in 1911, on the basis that the original name was pre- occupied by Spiropitera alata Rudolphi, 1819. Unfortunately Zschokke failed to give a complete description of this male specimen which he collected, as the number of caudal papillae and the length and character of the spicules were not given. More unfortunate than this, perhaps, is the fact that he did not figure any portion of the worm. ‘The much greater length of the male of S. zschokkei, as given by Zschokke in his original description of this species, and ART. 17 A NEW NEMATODE FROM THE RHEA—WEHR o the presence of two lateral alae, which extend the entire length of the body, and of four chitinous teeth surrounding the mouth cavity differentiate S. zschokkei and the species here described as new. As regards S. uncinipenis (Molin, 1860), which has been redescribed and placed in the genus Habronema by Walton (1927), the dissimilar and very unequal spicules of this species, the different number and arrangement of caudal papillae of the male, the differently shaped interlabia, and other distinctions noted in an en face view of the heads readily separate it from the present species. LITERATURE CITED CrAaM, HLoIsE B. 1927. Bird parasites of the nematode suborders Strongylata, Ascaridata, and Spirurata. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 140, xvi+465 pp., 444 figs. Mottin, R. 1860. Una monografia del genera Spiroptera. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-nat. Classe, vol. 38, pp. 911-1005. RAILLIET, ALCIDE, and HENRY, A. 1911. Les helminthes du Nandou. Bull. Soc. Nat. d’Acclim. France, vol. 58, no. 17, pp. 588-541; no. 18, pp. 573-582, 6 figs. RvupDOLPHI, CARL ASMUND. 1819. Entozoorum synopsis cui accedunt mantissa duplex et indices locu- pletissimi, x+811 pp., 3 pls. Berlin. WALTON, A. C. 1927. A revision of the nematodes of the Leidy collections. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 79, pp. 49-168. ZSCHOKKE, FRIEDRICH. 1889. Spiroptera alata, ein neuer Nematode aus Rhea americana. Cen- tralb. fiir Bakt., Parasit., und Infekt., vol. 5, no. 24, pp. 792-794. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1933 ES cies hak suk BY pias ae ee UE Ae Ae aasuirttya dats ae exe i bt a Galatea prurse tots. tees a) er e ae Wee a eG oe ie ak TEP aus 88 ta Avastin ace tas vanes each: oe y: a lor wont and! pti 0 kbaaah:. ne baat oe od St ae oa wimeue Cue ee Sime ot & ae Oe aq St 6a. ; . eae AA ‘ ; i xi" a , te weal sus 60 a) wot apie ie sae gee SAR ORS EY pe inset ichiousniny rar oe ieee “alent ne & Ge TR ible Sey ge st as i ti Cen hes a a a AS Sait Byoks 99G09 Shin, cht te ahOs apkar ay 3a ‘deoiatvier - lag ee ok 32 ER aOR tere Akita tof Bite? te de ig és hameriey | Bg ie ag Jispiaaxia’l saan’ “ bf “HI Sees Heit aA HEE Shure aeites lS: Bi origiigh Ger. bor ate as te : -SeT aE S Ser 3 a io. toe. eae: fae eee. ee ae $i ite ‘nt a : es = | ‘ cae ‘ a ae: i ¥ j ; : $3 = 7 &- "| 1 eR ™ AeA x : ha a : os < ak a ; ‘ wa 4 : a as ote eit at 7 jas. * ~ : vie te oa Me + " . a AR = ere ep ep BR AED SR 4 e ~@ Sig +s s EOE fa EN ay NS TERE SRE RR ae SIE, ze Wee thee ay pe of ihe poe Re Pe it Reena saeee re ae sie ea ae: PRON ORE aa Pere te (eK De, se gant eson pea Rae apenas ese \ ‘ 7 is Dae PEER ROMET LE BLT MCE TA RMA ROSY 5 ve 7 — ae iq aks ganic we Pna ae pes 7 sai lgy AvP i} #4 hy ay t PEER NAT Sk au mi Rite ye * : oe 7 : ae " int "> 21 per iy vw 3 - in pe r ry pel + ‘ : 1. se * TA, bit _ i,! Mate ot i Pe ie ees Mey , Chal Sry i u tl Cai j i” i Fin ‘ \ , ’ t= c. © é at s ove. bres) bv ta oo. 2a eo d; a #3 Se i a vids La He! 1! Pid ia: ® ri! 7 38 eh le / > a i aera iy erik rae "Hag es : hy Vy remy =e Fels esa x ial igs eee ities TO Legis hee pee es a bi ot Sate ay ny, aha Ee Tae ee etal wie iar oy «ae eh Ratuks, BS: seh . : ah, i hei, oper naire 10's) soe! 8 Ss OR aed Tine bine ae =: ple 4 wt ny = on at 9h an / ne OKs ‘ ey i au eS, Ant Trish 16.584 \ Sin Dall seh tare eV ca oF flee men: wil at =e), Timea) Besa it MESS <7 ‘uta 2. I: ‘ 4 ? secon pee, - be / 1h a a ha - me ” Le bared ee ; —iaet iM 1 is M es pede fi tolls ry Me Oh etic? o> Ih iD _ OP | ‘ i Foe on : Wiad Pn. Pree Shs as : ( ‘ht Pee ee, \ @ - SYNOPSIS OF THE CALANOID CRUSTACEANS, EXCLU- SIVE OF THE DIAPTOMIDAE, FOUND IN FRESH AND BRACKISH WATERS, CHIEFLY OF NORTH AMERICA By C. Dwicur Mars 2 Honorary Custodian of Fresh-water Copepods, Division of Marine Inverte- brates, United States National Museum The term Calanoida for a suborder of Copepoda is used herein as defined by G. O. Sars. The calanoid species found in North and South America are in the families Centropagidae, Diaptomidae, Pseudodiaptomidae, Senecellidae, and Temoridae. Though this paper is intended specifically to cover the forms of North America, the discussion of species is not limited to those of that continent, but in some cases includes those of the world. Among the Centropagidae of North America are found the genera Limnocalanus and Osphranticum. The Temoridae of North America include the genera Hurytemora, Heterocope, and E'pischura. The family Pseudodiaptomidae includes the genera Pseudodiaptomus and Schmacheria. The new family Senecellidae has only one genus, Senecella. KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE FRESH-WATER CALANOIDA 1. Hndopods of feet 1 to 5, 2-segmented___________________ Calamoecia Brady Endopods of feet 1 to 4, 1-segmented, fifth feet of female without STE CLO 1 OC Sern ee Se ee ne a ED ied a PTR eT ee eet 2 Endopods of first feet, 1-segmented ; feet 2 to 4, 2-segmented______________ 3 Hndopods:ot eet Mito: 4) 3-sesmented 2 tse ke ME A ee 4 Hndopodsrot feet. tor5. 3-Ssesmented sek 20 ee She eet ee ee 7 Endopods of first feet, 2-segmented; feet 2 to 4, 3-segmented ; endopods of female fifth feet, 2-segmented____________________ 9 Endopods of first feet, 1-segmented; second feet, 2-segmented ; third and fourth feet, 3-segmented__________-__________ Senecella Juday 2. Abdomen of male symmetrical, distal segment of exopod of female fifth foot terminating in a long spine___________ Heterocope Sars Abdomen of male asymmetrical, distal segment of exopod of female fifth foot not terminating in a spine____________ Epischura Forbes 1 Doctor Marsh died on Apr. 23, 1932, just one month after this paper was submitted for publication. A complete list of Doctor Marsh’s copepod papers is given on pp. 57 and 58.—EDITOR. No. 2959.—PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 82, ART. 18 155089—33——1 1 6. © 10 11. 13. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. §2 . Exopods of feet 1 to 4, 8-segmented; in female fifth feet endo- WOGS 2-S@LTIVET Te sa eels ee ae a ee eee Brunella Smith Exopods of first feet, 1-segmented; feet 2 to 4, 2-segmented; female fifth feet without endopods______________ Eurytemora Giesbrecht PS Mirstsantennae: 20-0 22-SC@in Gri e Cx a eee oe ae ue ee pe ele 5 Rirstiantennae: 25-seementeds 2.2 2S hese) ee a ee ee 6 . Second segment of basipod of left fifth foot of male with long curved projection from inner border____ Schmackeria Poppe and Richard Second segment of basipod of left fifth foot of male without long curved projection from inner border__________ Pseudodiaptomus Herrick Female fifth feet without endopods, male fifth feet with terminal hook on right foot only, and hook turned outward instead of DED Week eae. AE AN I) NN EEE BS _ AWN Poppella Richard Female fifth feet with endopods, male fifth feet with terminal HOOKS TOT AB OL C SK OPO GL Sets re ag Se ae gp 10 Female fifth feet with endopods, male fifth feet with terminal hook on right exopod only, fourth feet with a long curved spine on inner distal angle on first basal segment___._ Gladioferens Henry . Exopods of second antennae 5-segmented, segments 2, 3, and 4 LTS 1.0 Tye ees oe Le Parabroteas Mraézek ’ EXxopods of second antennae 6-seginented, segments Z to 5 being BULL OTe eee een ye metas Se eee UO ee ee TO en Sinocalanus Burckhardt Expods of second antennae 7-segmented, segments 1, 3, 4, 5, and GHbewmg SHOE we — os Le nell AT Ne i ki a A ne cp 8 UE MENURTSC Ch SI Op (yee ta aM ae i ies ge i RE 8 ag Osphranticum Forbes VERT T AGE? WAL 01 A een Oa yr TUG a Lt a Cll ar Mice 2 ed Limnocalanus Sars . In male fifth feet both exopods terminating in an elongated hook; in female fifth feet exopods distinctly 3-segmented. Metaboeckella Ekman °® In male fifth feet only right exopod terminating in an elongated hook; in female fifth feet third segments of exopods are either TUGdimMentarye OT ila CRA oe ee ae ee ee ee ee ee 11 . Endopod of right fifth foot of male rudimentary, 1- to 3-seg- mented, without setae______________-- Boeckella de Guerne and Richard Endopod of right fifth foot of male 3-segmented, with setae. Pseudoboeckella Mrazek Female abdomen 2-segmented, maxillipeds prominent__________________ te Female abdomen 3-segmented, maxillipeds not prominent______________ 13 2. Left exopod of male fifth foot armed with hook and acute spine. Lovenula Schmeil * Left exopod of male fifth foot armed with two stout spines and Wasp eT es enantio Sir Paradiaptomus Sars Exopod of left fifth foot of male with stout curved spine in posterior surface and a small terminal spine__ Metadiaptomus Methuen EXxxopod of left fifth foot of male armed with two small ap- pendages that may be either digitate or spiniform_ Diaptomus Westwood ° * Synonyms: Limnocalanus Daday, Gigantella Ekman, Parabroteas Hkman. ’ Synonym: Boeckella (dilatata) Sars. *Synonym: Adiaptomus Cooper. ' Synonym: Hemidiaptomus Sars. AkT. 18 SYNOPSIS OF CALANOID CRUSTACEA—MARSH S Family CENTROPAGIDAE Genus LIMNOCALANUS Sars, 1863 Body long and narrow. The cephalothorax is composed of six segments, is elongated oval in form, with its greatest width at about the middle. The last cephalothoracic segment is not produced lat- erally. The abdomen is slender, composed of three segments in the female and five in the male. The furcal rami are elongated, ciliate on the internal margins; they are terminated by five elongated setae, of which the second from the inside is the longest, and one short slender seta on the inner margin. The external seta is located back of the end of the ramus. The first antennae are 25-segmented, the terminal segment being very short. The right antenna of the male is geniculated and composed of 22 segments; of the normal 25 segments, 19 to 21 and 22 to 23 are united. The terminal portion is composed of four or five segments. In ZL. macrurus and L. johansent, the typical form of this terminal portion is that shown in Plate 1, Figure 8; the first of the group, the nine- teenth segment of the antenna, is elongated, the second somewhat shorter, the third less than half the length of the second, and the terminal one very short. In exceptional cases in both these species the first segment is divided as shown in Plate 1, Figure 9. In all examined specimens of Z. grimaldi there have been five segments, as in Figure 9. Both Sars (1897) and Willey (1923) give the number of segments as five. In the second antennae (pl. 1, fig. 5) the exopod is longer than the endopod and is composed of seven segments, of which the first and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth are short. All the swimming feet are biramose, the fifth pair both in the male and female differing from the others. Both rami of feet 1 to 4 are 3-segmented, the endo- pods being shorter than the exopods. The outer rami of the fifth pair of the female are 3-segmented, and the second segment is pro- duced on the inner distal angle into a stout curved process. (Pl. 3, fig. 3.) The exopods of the fifth feet of the male (pl. 13, fig. 5) are 2- or 3-segmented. ‘The second segment of the right exopod is short, trun- cated, and produced on the inner side into a stout hook. The second segment of the left exopod is elongate, ciliate on the inner border, and in addition to a termina! spine bears three lateral spines on the outer border. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LIMNOCALANUS 1. Both exopods of male fifth feet 2-segmented, length of furcal ramixaboute seven! tlmes (widths 2 oe ee ee ee 2 Right exopod of male fifth feet distinctly 5-segmented, length of furcal rami about three times width_______-__-_-___ johanseni Marsh 2. Head distinctly vaulted, with a cervical depression; sides of last thoracic segment rounded; female antennae hardly reach- ing second abdominal segment. Fresh water______--__-- macrurus Sars Head not distinctly vaulted, no cervical depression ; sides of last thoracic segment pointed; female antennae extending to base of furca. Marine and brackish water____-__--_--~-- grimaldii (de Guerne) LIMNOCALANUS MACRURUS Sars PLATE 1, Ficures 2, 3, 5; Prate 2; PLATE 3, Ficures 1-3; PLaty 13, Ficurm 5 Limnocalanus macrurus Sars, 1863, pp. 228, 229; 1903, pp. 81-83, pls. 55, 56.— Forses, 1882, p. 648.—Norpquist, 1888, pp. 31-37, pl. 1, figs. 9-11, pl. 2, figs. 1-5, pl. 3, figs. 14.—pr GuerRNe and RicHArp, 1889, p. 77, pl. 4, figs. 5, 11, 12—Herrick and Turner, 1895, p. 49, pl. 1, figs. 14.—ScHacut, 1898, pp. 238-244.—GirsprEcHT and ScHMEIL, 1898, pp. 58, 59.—MarsuH, 1918, p. 74, fig. 1212. Limnocalanus macrurus var. auctus Forsrs, 1891, pp. 706, 707.—MarsH, 1893, p. 201, pl. 4, fig. 7; 1895, pp. 11, 12, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2, pl. 5, figs. 1-38. Limnocalanus grimaldii var. macrurus Rytov, 1922, pp. 18, 14, fig. 5, a-d; 1930, pp. 64-69, fig. 5, 7 and 2, fig. 18, 3 and 4, fig. 15, 1-3. The head, seen in profile, is distinctly vaulted, and there is a more or less clearly marked cervical depression. (PI. 1, figs. 2, 3.) The last cephalothoracic segment is not broadened, and its sides are rounded. There are spines on the distal border of the second ab- dominal segment of the female and on segments 2 to 4 of the male. The length of the furca!l rami is about seven times the width. The first antennae hardly reach the second abdominal segment. The armature of the first antennae of the male is shown in Plate 2. The exopod of the second antenna has the typical form of the genus. (Plo he) In Plate 3, Figures 1 and 2, are shown the swimming feet 1 and 2, and in Figure 8 the fifth foot of the female. In the male fifth foot (pl. 13, fig. 5), the right exopod is 2-seg- mented, but the second segment has a projection that may be con- sidered as a rudimentary third segment; the right exopod and endopod are of about equal length. The left exopod is larger than the endopod. The size, as given by different authors, varies somewhat: Females, 9.2 to 3.15 mm; males, 2.2 to 2.78 mm. This species is considered a fresh-water form. It occurs in many localities in Scandinavia and in Finland. In America it is in all the Great Lakes, in Green Lake, Wis., and in Lake Nipigon, Canada. ART. 18 SYNOPSIS OF CALANOID CRUSTACEA—-MARSH a Birge and Juday (1914) found it in Cayuga, Seneca, Canandaigua, Skaneateles, and Owasco Lakes in New York. Bajkov (1930) reported it from Lake Winnipeg. Stephensen (1918) and Haber- bosch (1916) reported it from Greenland. The description of this species and of the genus is largely from the original account by Sars, but modified somewhat by the results of later investigations. The enlarged head and cervical depression are certainly not so marked in American material as is indicated by the figures by Sars, but this peculiarity is less marked in Nordquist’s drawings. In Plate 1, Figure 2, it is much less marked than in Figure 3. There is some lack of agreement in regard to the number of seg- ments in the exopod of the second antenna. This was discussed by Schacht (1898), and he is correct in considering the exopod as 7-segmented, not only in ZL. macrurus but in the genus; it is evi- dent that the lack of agreement is due to the indistinctness with which the separation of the middle segments is marked. Remarks —L. macrurus is generally considered as belonging to the fauna relicta,; that is, it is a salt-water form that has gradually become adapted to a fresh-water environment. Generally speak- ing, it is found only in fairly deep lakes and most abundantly at considerable depths. Its habits with relation to temperature and hght are discussed by Marsh, 1897 (pp. 200-202). Rylov (1922 and 1930) lists this species as LZ. grimaldii var. macrurus. As there is no available translation of his Russian text, I can not state why he has made this change. LIMNOCALANUS GRIMALDII (de Guerne) PLATE 1, Ficurss 4, 6, 7 Centropages grimaldii DE GUERNE, 1886, pp. 276-285. Limnocalanus macrurus NorpQulist, 1888, p. 31.—pe GuERNE and RicHaArp, 1889, pp. 77, 78.—ScHaAcurt, 1898, p. 243. Limnocalanus grimaldii Sars, 1897, pp. 39-49, pl. 4, figs. 1-18; 1898, p. 12, pl. 8, fig. 7—WiLLrEy, 1920, p. 11K.—Pxsta, 1928, p. 27, fig. 19, a~-c.—Ryxov, 1930, pp. 63, 64, fig. 13, 7 and 2, fig. 14, 1 and 2. L. grimaldii differs from LZ. macrurus in the characters given in the key, that is, in the flat head with no cervical depression, in the pointed sides of the last cephalothoracic segment, and in the greater length of the female antennae. While the number of segments in the terminal portion of the right antenna of the male is typically in L. macrurus four and, exceptionally, five, it appears to be in Z. grimaldi%i always five, as shown in Plate 1, Figure 7. In other respects L. grimaldii is identical with Z. macrurus. Plate 1, Figure 6, shows the right fifth foot of the male, Figure 4 exopod of left fifth foot, and Figure 7 fifth foot of female. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 Remarks —Nordquist (1888), de Guerne and Richard (1889), and Schacht (1898) considered that there is not sufficient difference to warrant the adoption of another specific name. It is a fact, however, that the differences as given above exist, and it is probably best to recognize them by a specific name. This species was originally described from material collected in the Gulf of Finland. It has been found in many parts of the eastern Baltic as well as the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, on Kolguev Island in the Kara Sea, at the mouth of the Jana, in the sea off Spitsbergen, and in Greenland. Sars found it in the Caspian Sea and in 1897 gave a detailed description of it. Willey (1920) reported it from Collinson Point, Alaska; this collection was made by Frits Johansen in the Arctic Ocean, about 100 yards from shore in about 1 fathom of water. Z. johanseni was collected inland from that point in a pond about 4 feet deep; this pond apparently had no connection with the ocean, and the location where L. grimaldii was collected was not connected in any way with fresh water. Willey (1928) reported finding Z. grimaldii in large numbers in the stomach contents of the capelin (Madllotus villosus). Sars (1898) stated that the specimens from the mouth of the Jana were much larger than those from the Caspian, and expressed his belief that Z. grimaldii is a more Arctic form and that its presence in the Baltic and Caspian Seas is evidence of a former connection of those basins with the Arctic. Its occurrence at the mouth of the Jana, in the Kara Sea, at Kolguev Island, Spitsbergen, Greenland, and Collinson Point would indicate a wide distribution in the Arctic. The size of the male, as given by different authors, is 2 to 2.6 mm; of the female, 2.8 to 3.6 mm. The segmentation regeneration of the terminal part of the right antenna of the male is discussed under the description of the genus. LIMNOCALANUS JOHANSENI Marsh PLATE 1, Ficures 1, 8, 9; PLATE 3, FicurES 4-7; PLATE 13, FIGURE 6 Limnocalanus johanseni MarsH, 1920, pp. 3j-4j, pl. 1, figs. 1-8. The head, as shown in Plate 1, Figure 1, is not vaulted as in ZL. macrurus. The front is armed with two projections. The last cephalothoracic segment is rounded on the sides and each side is armed with a small spine, which may be sharp, as in Plate 3, Figure 5, or blunt, as in Plate 3, Figure 6. In the abdomen of the female (pl. 13, fig. 6) the first segment is somewhat expanded laterally and is about twice as long as the sec- ond; the third segment is slightly longer than the second. The ART. 18 SYNOPSIS OF CALANOID CRUSTACEA—MARSH 7 length of the furcal rami is three times the width. They are about half again as long as the third segment. They are ciliate on the inner borders but not covered with coarse hairs or spines as in L. macrurus. In the male abdomen (pl. 3, fig. 4) the first three seg- ments are nearly equal in length and the fourth and fifth are some- what shorter. The first antennae, when reflexed, reach the second abdominal segment. The terminal portion of the right antenna of the male is usually 4-segmented (pl. 1, fig. 8), but sometimes is 5-segmented (pl. 1, fig. 9). The other cephalothoracic appendages of the female are like Z. macrurus. The left fifth foot of the male (pl. 3, fig. 7) is like that of Z. mac- rurus, but the terminal spine of the second segment of the exopod is somewhat longer. The exopod of the right fifth foot of the male is distinctly 3-segmented. The first segment has a spine at the outer distal angle. The second segment is prolonged into the customary hook at the inner distal angle; at the outer distal angle is a short, blunt, curved hook. The third segment is attached by a distinct joint just within the outer hook: It is hook-shaped, curved inward, pointed at the end, about twice the length of the second segment and one-third to one-half its width; it has upon its dorsal surface a curved spine. Average length: Females, 2.99 mm; males, 2.6 mm. Remarks.—L. johanseni has, so far, been found in only one locality, in a pond on the coast of the Arctic Sea at Collinson Point. The distinguishing features of the species are the short furca armed with fine cilia rather than coarse hairs or spines and the 3- segmented exopod of the male right fifth foot. Genus OSPHRANTICUM Forbes, 1882 Only one species of Osphranticum has been found; therefore the description of the species will serve also for the genus. OSPHRANTICUM LABRONECTUM Forbes PuatTss 4, 5 Potomoichetor fucosus Herrick, 1882, p. 224, pl. 2, figs. 12-14, pl. 3, figs. 1-8, 13, 14. Osphranticum labronectum Fores, 1882, p. 645, pl. 8, figs. 24, 28, 29, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9—Herrick, 1884, p. 134, pl. Q’, figs. 1-8, 138, 14; 1887, p. 12.— DE GUERNH and RICHARD, 1889, pp. 96, 97, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2—Herrick and TURNER, 1895, p. 86, pl. 12, figs. 1-8, 13, 14, pl. 59, figs. 7, 8 —Scuacur, 1898, pp. 230-235.—GirsprecHT and Scumer, 1898, p. 59.—TotLinerr, 1911, pp. 151-153, fig. M*.—Jupay, 1915, p. 241.—Marsu, 1918, p. 774, fig. 1211. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 82 The cephalothorax is symmetrically oval (pl. 4, fig. 1), composed of six segments, which decrease in length from before backward. The first segment about equals the three following segments. The last segment is bluntly rounded at the sides, and is not armed with spines. The abdomen of the female (pl. 4, fig. 2) consists of four segments, decreasing in length from the front backward. The furcal rami about equal in length the third segment and are ciliate on the inner border. The egg sacs are very large, extending nearly to the ends of the furcal setae. The abdomen of the male (pl. 5, fig. 4) consists of five segments, the fifth being short, hardly half as long as the fourth. The furcal rami are ciliate. The furcal setae are long and plumose, the fourth from the outside being the longest. The antennae are 25-segmented and equal in length the cephalothorax or a little more. The right antenna of the male (pl. 4, fig. 3) is geniculate between the eighteenth and nineteenth segments. The antennae are richly supplied with sensory clubs. The segmentation of the second antennae (pl. 5, fig. 5) is ike that of Diaptomus and Limnocalanus. The mandible is shown in Plate 4, Figure 5. Swimming feet 1 to 5 are biramose and in all the endopods are 3-segmented. ‘There is a seta on the inner side of the first basal segment of all feet except the fifth. The fifth feet of the female (pl. 5, fig. 1) are alike. The first basal segment is armed on the outer margin with a very delicate hair. The second segment is unarmed. The first and second segments of the exopod have a stout spine at the outer distal angle; the inner distal angle of the second segment is prolonged into a slightly curved jlamellate hook, which reaches the end of the third segment. The third segment is armed with three spines and are setae; there is also a short acute terminal spine. The first segment of the exopod is unarmed. The second segment has a long seta at the inner distal angle; the third segment has a lamellate spine on the outer margin and, on the inner margin and the end, five setae. In the male the seta on the inner distal angle of the second seg- ment of the exopod of the fourth foot is peculiar in that the base is much swollen, as shown in Plate 5, Figure 3, and the third segment of the exopod is hollowed out on the inner proximal angle to re- ceive the base of this seta. In Plate 5, Figure 2, is shown for com- parison the female fourth foot, in which there is a slight indica- tion of this enlargement of the seta of the second segment of the exopod, but no modification of the inner proximal angle of the third segment. ART. 18 SYNOPSIS OF CALANOID CRUSTACEA——-MARSH y Each of the second basal segments of the male fifth foot (pl. 4, fig. 4) is armed on the outer margin at about one-third its length with a short hair. The exopod of the right foot is 2-segmented; the first segment is trapezoidal in form, with a stout spine at the outer distal angle. The second segment is about three times as long as its width; it has a stout spine about one-half the length of the outer margin and three nearly equal terminal spines; these spines are nearly equal in length to the segment; the inner spine is slightly the longest and is slightly curved inward, while the other two are straight. This segment has on its inner proximal angle a prominent rounded pad covered with short hairs. The left exopod is 3-segmented. Segments 1 and 2 are about twice as long as broad, and bear at the outer distal angles a rather slender spine about equal in length to the segment. The third segment is smaller than the first and second, about twice as long as its breadth, and has three terminal spines; of these spines the outer is the long- est, being about two and a half times the length of the segment; the inner is small and rudimentary. Length, according to de Guerne and Richard, 2-2.5 mm; Schacht, female, 1.7 mm, male, 1.4 mm; Herrick (1887), 2.3 mm. Those measured by the author slightly exceed the figures of Schacht. Remarks—The original description by Forbes was from material collected near Normal, Ill. He also found it in Iroquois County, Ill. Herrick (1882) described his Potomoichetor fucosus from two localities in Minnesota. Herrick (1887) notes its occurrence in Alabama. De Guerne and Richard in 1889 recorded it from Port- land, Oreg. Schacht added to previous records Havana, Ill., and Wyoming. Juday (1915) found it at Puerto Barrios and Los Amates, Guatemala. Creaser (1931) found it in crayfish burrows at Van Buren, Carter County, Ark. The author has found it in collections made by Dr. E. A. Birge at Lake Charles, La., and Bertig, Ark.; by Dr. V. E. Shelford in collections made near Gary, Ind.; and by H. K. Harring in the vicinity of Washington, D. C. This is a somewhat erratic distribution, and it seems strange that the species has not yet been found in intervening localities. It is not evident why it has not been found in other places. There are few data in regard to its annual distribution. Presumably the Illinois collections were made in the summer. Most of the author’s material was collected in the fall, but one gathering was made in March. Juday’s Central American collection was made in February, but win- ter collections in Panama have not contained this species. Apparently, so far as present knowledge is concerned, it is in the United States practically a Mississippi Valley species, although we have the records of Oregon and Wyoming. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 82 The foregoing description is compiled from those of preceding authors with some additions and changes resulting from a study of the author’s preparations. Herrick found the antennae 24-seg- mented. Forbes and, after him, Schacht considered them 24-seg- mented. A careful study of the preparations at hand leads the au- thor to consider them 25-segmented. The separation of the first two segments is not always easy to distinguish. Moreover, the basal segment is not jointed, and, perhaps on this account, has not been counted by some authors. Apparently the peculiar enlargement of the seta on the second segment of the exopod of the male fourth foot with the hollow of the second segment has not been noted by others. This was found constant in all the male fourth feet examined. Family TEMORIDAE Genus EURYTEMORA Giesbrecht, 1881 Last thoracic segment separated from the preceding, often ex- panded into wings, symmetrical in male. Abdomen of female 3- segmented. Abdomen of male 5-segmented. First antennae 24-segmented; but 2. grimméz has 25 segments. Terminal portion of right antenna of male generally stated to be 2-sepmented. Giesbrecht and Schmeil (1898) state “two, seldom more.” Apparently in most cases there is a distinct short terminal segment, which would make the typical number three. Giesbrecht (1882) states that in #. hirwndo it is 2-segmented. Sars’s figure for E.. grimmi shows five segments, while his figure for 2’. gracilis shows four. Probably it is safe to say that the terminal portion of the right antenna of the male ordinarily consists of three segments, but in some cases there are more. The exopod of the second antenna, as in Diaptomus, consists of seven segments, with four short ones in the middle. The endopod of the maxilliped consists of five segments, as in Diaptomus, Limno- calanus, and Osphranticum. The endopod of the first foot is 1- segmented; of feet 2 to 4, 2-segmented. The penultimate segment of the fifth foot of the female has a process from its inner distal angle. The right fifth foot of the male has four or five segments. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EURYTEMORA (FROM CHARACTERS OF FEMALE) 1. Third segment of fifth foot with one external spine__________________-_- 2 Third segment of fifth foot with two external spines_-___________________ 3 2. Last cephalothoracic segment expanded, with large wings POINTE: ACK w AV aa ae SAS Ue aa velox (Lilljeborg)* Last cephalothoracic segment without wings, rounded behind. grimmi (Sars) ©Synonyms: #. adleri Schiklejew and #. lacinulata (Fischer). sgT. 18 SYNOPSIS OF CALANOID CRUSTACEA—MARSH 11 2 oO. Process of penultimate segment of fifth foot approximately per- MendiGulay-to.a1S.Of hoObs4 aaa ee ee ee Shiver SoMa 4 Process of penultimate segment of fifth foot bent distally__---__----___~_ 12 . Dorsal surface of furca and terminal abdominal segment armed MESSING Gains 8 near e Cane cen ees Sts 9 1) Ve eee eee 5 Dorsal surface of furca and terminal abdominal segment not APMC G WALL SP les eee ree eae 2 Rs ee Eh SBE ess 11 . First abdominal segment not definitely enlarged laterally___---_------~_- 6 First abdominal segment more or less enlarged laterally_______-__-_-_~- Gj . Sides of last cephalothoracic segment not expanded laterally, rounded; process of penultimate segment of fifth foot of female about one-half length of ultimate segment_____ canadensis Marsh Sides of last cephalothoracic segment expanded in pointed wings; process of penultimate segment of fifth foot of female nearly twice as long as ultimate segment___________ americana Williams 7. Proximal half of first abdominal segment strongly expanded_____-----_-- 8 First abdominal segment expanded in two lobes on each side____-----~ 210 8. Wings of last cephalothoracic segment pointed____-__-_-_~___§ __-2--=-+- 9 Wings of last cephalothoracic segment rounded_____~ hirundo (Giesbrecht) 9. Furea of female five to seven times as long as broad; antennae 10. ie slightly exceeding second thoracic segment; wings of last cephalothoracic segment extending outward____--____-- affinis (Poppe)’ Furea of female 8 to 12 times as long as broad; antennae equal- ing or nearly equaling cephalothorax; slenderer and smaller than affinis ; wings pointed or rounded, not distinctly project- ATOM OUE WENT geet suse ary ela IL Aide EG ah ph hirundoides (Nordquist)* Wings of last cephalothoracic segment pointed; furea three or four times as done as breadlé 120 Pi ee raboti Richard Wings of last cephalothoracic segment blunt; furca seven EEMNESHASh ONS aS DROdds pester Le eee composita Keiser Sides of last cephalothoracic segment not expanded outward. lacustris (Poppe) Sides of last cephalothoracic segment markedly expanded out- . Wings of last cephalothoracic segment extended backward be- yond first abdominal segment; process of penultimate seg- ment of fifth foot dentate on both sides, extended distad beyond end of terminal spine of ultimate segment. herdmani Thompson and Scott Wings of last cephalothoracic segment not reaching end of first abdominal segment; process of penultimate segment of fifth foot dentate on outer side, not reaching ultimate segment. johanseni Willey . Wings of last cephalothoracic segment expanded out and dis- tad; process of penultimate segment of fifth foot not dentate. gracilis (Sars) Wings of last cephalothoracic segment recurved at tip; process of penultimate segment of fifth foot dentate________________ tolli Rylov 7 Synonym: L. adleri. 8 Olofsson considers hirundo and hirundoides as variations of affinis. Nordquist states hirundoides to be the connecting link between affinis and hirundo. Schmeil considers hirundo and hirundoides good species. DeLint considers hirundoides a good variation. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 82 EURYTEMORA AFFINIS (Poppe) PLATE 6, FicurEs 1-38, 8 Temora velog LittsHsorG, 1853, p. T7, pl. 19, figs. 9, 10, pl. 20, fig. 1. Temora affinis Popre, 1880, p. 55, pl. 3.— HERRICK, 1884, p. 1338, pl. H, figs. 8-16. Temorella afinis CLAus, 1881, p. 491, pl. 2, figs. 8-14.—Hrrick, 1887, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 3-6, pl. 2, figs. 9-12.—-Canv, 1888, p. 88, pl. 7, figs. 1-3. Temorella affinis var. ivispida Norpauist, 1888, p. 53, pl. 5, figs. 1, 6, 7, 10, pl. 6, figs. 4, 5. Eurytemora affinis pe GuERNE and RicHArD, 1889, p. 84, figs. 46, 47 —RicHArp, 1891, p. 247, figs. 18, 14—Brapy, 1891, p. 42, pl. 13, figs. 6-9. Herrick and TURNER, 1895, p. 51, pl. 1, figs. 5-10, pl. 60, figs. 8-15—ScHMEIL, 1896, p. 114, pl. 8, fig. 11, pl. 11, figs. 1-11.—Guirsprecutr and ScumMriL, 1898, p. 103.—Fostrr, 1904, p. 75.—Marsu, 1918, p. 756.—Rytov, 1922, p. 45, fig. 24, a—d; 1930, p. 224, fig. 74, 1-4.—PerstTa, 1928, p. 47, fig. 39, A, B—WuUson, 1932,° pp. 111, 112, fig. 74. Hurytemora thompson WiLLpy, 1923, p. 313, fig. 7. Last cephalothoracic segment expanded into two large pointed wings extending distad and outward with nearly straight outer bor- ders. (Pl. 6, fig. 8.) The first abdominal segment projects on the ventral side; it is expanded laterally for about one-half its length, then narrowed suddenly. (Pl. 6, figs. 1,3.) On the ventral side are two triangular projections from the sides of the anterior part of the segment, as shown in Plate 6, Figure 3. The second segment is very short. The furcal rami are ciliate on their inner borders, and, in the female, the dorsal surfaces of the furcae and of the last ab- dominal segment are thickly beset with small spines. The rami, in the female, are five to seven times as long as wide; in the male (pl. 6, fig. 2) the length is much greater. The first antennae vary in length, sometimes nearly equaling the cephalothorax, but generally being from two-thirds to three-fourths its length. The fifth foot of the female (pl. 6, fig. 8) has two spines on the external border of the first segment of the exopod; the process of the inner side of this segment is large, projecting inward and slightly distally ; it is considerably longer than the second segment of the exopod. The last two segments of the exopod of the right fifth foot of the male are united and the proximal portion is swollen. The last seg- ment of the left fifth foot is terminated by a rounded process and a digitate projection. This is shown in Plate 6, Figure 6, of 2. hirun- doides. The length of the species, as given by various authors, evidently refers to the female and is about 15 mm. Measurements of Ameri- can specimens were about the same, the females measuring 1.5 mm or somewhat less, and the males 1 to 1.25 mm. 2 References herein to Doctor Wilson’s monograph on the copepods of the Woods Hole region were added during the course of editing.—Eptror. akT. 18 SYNOPSIS OF CALANOID CRUSTACEA—MARSH 13 Occurrence.—Poppe described 2. affinis from material collected near the mouths of several German rivers. It may be found in salt, brackish, or fresh water. It occurs in France, Germany, Sweden, England, and Scotland, in the fresh-water lagoons of the Caspian Sea at the mouth of the Volga, in fresh water in central Asia, and on Kolguev Island. Herrick (1884) was the first to report it in Amer- ica, finding it in the shallow bays along the Gulf of Mexico. Foster (1904) gave localities near New Orleans. Pearse (1906) recorded it from Nantucket Island and wrote me that he had seen it in 1911 at Tampico, Mexico. Marsh (1912) reported it from St. Johns River and Little Lake George, Fla., from Black Bayou, Miss., and Flat Lake, La. It has also been found in Shreveport, La. Willey (1923) found it in Lake St. John, a fresh-water lake. Its distribution is interesting, for in many cases it has been found a long distance from salt water. EURYTEMORA GRACILIS (Sars) Temorella gracilis Sars, 1898, p. 336, pl. 8, figs. 8-18. Burytemora gracilis WiLtEy, 1920, p. 11K, fig. 3, 3 and 4.—Rynov, 1930, p. 228, fig. 75, 1-4. E. gracilis is a slender form closely resembling £’. affinis,; it differs from this species in that the head is somewhat broader, the wings of the last cephalothoracic segment flare out laterally, and the last abdominal segment and the furca are not armed with spines. Length: Femate, 1.4 mm; male, 1.25 mm. Occurrence.—Sars reported it in the lower part of the river Jana. Willey found a single damaged female in the collections of the Canadian Arctic expedition. EURYTEMORA CANADENSIS Marsh rc PLATH 7; PLatTse 8, Ficures 5, 6 EHurytemora canadensis Marsh, 1920, pp. 43, 53, pl. 1, figs. 9-12, pl. 2, figs. fas, A Female——Cephalothorax oval, the greatest width being forward of the middle. (PI. 7, fig. 6.) The last cephalothoracic segment extends backward but is not produced laterally (pl. 8, fig. 5); the wings are rounded and the margins are armed with a few minute hairs. The first abdominal segment is slightly expanded laterally (pl. 7, fig. 4) and is armed on the outer edge with scattered fine hairs. The first and third abdominal segments are about equal in length and are about one and one-half times the length of the second. The furcal rami are slender, about eight times as long as wide; they are ciliate on both inner and outer borders except distad of the lateral seta, where there are one or two hairs; there are some hairs on the surface. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VoL. 82 The antennae extend nearly or quite to the fourth cephalothoracic segment. The swimming feet are typical of the genus. Plate 8, Figure 6, shows the fourth foot. In the fifth foot (pl. 7, fig. 2) the second segment of the basipod has a seta about midway of its outer margin. The first segment of the exopod is about twice as long as broad; it has a long spine at about midway of its outer border and another at its outer distal angle; the unguiform process of the inner distal angle projects at an angle of about 45° with the axis of the segment; the distal border of this process is armed with 6 to 11 teeth. The second segment of the exopod is about one-half as long as the first and has a spine at the outer distal angle and a long terminal spine. Length, 1.9 to 2.25 mm. Male—The cephalothorax is narrower than in the female, and elliptical rather than oval in outline. The abdomen (pl. 7, fig. 3) is slender, the segments being of about equal lengths. The furcal rami have about the same proportions as in the female; they are ciliate on the inner border, and very sparsely ciliate on the outer. The fifth foot is shown in Plate 7, Figure 5; the right foot is distinctly 4-seomented. Length, 1.95 to 2.1 mm. Collected by Frits Johansen, of the Canadian Arctic expedition, at Bernard Harbor. EURYTEMORA HERDMANI Thompson and Scott PLATE 8, Fiaures 1-3 Hurytemora herdmani THompson and Scorr, 1897, p. 78, pl. 5, figs. 1-11.— GIESBRECHT and ScHMEIL, 1898, p. 103—SHaArpr, 1910, p. 410, fig. 2— WILSON, 1932, pp. 112-114, fig. 75. Wings of last cephalothoracic segment very largely developed, ex- tending distad beyond the first abdominal segment. (PI. 8, fig. 2.) The first abdominal segment is expanded in the distal half into two rounded projections extending distad. The first antennae are about as long as the cephalothorax. In the fifth foot of the female (pl. 8, fig. 1) the first segment of the exopod has two spines on the outer border. The process of the internal border is long, extending distad beyond the end of the terminal spine of the second exopod; it is armed with dentations on both inner and outer borders. The last two seg- ments of the exopod of the right fifth foot of the male are not united. (PL. 8, fig. 3.) Length, 1.6 mm. Occurrence.—This species was described from material collected in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Williams (1906) reported it in Narra- gansett Bay; Sharpe (1910) and Wilson (1932) from Woods Hole, arr. 18 SYNOPSIS OF CALANOID CRUSTACEA—MARSH 15 Mass.; and Willey (1920) from several stations of the Canadian Arctic expedition. Willey (1923) also reported it from Miramichi Bay and River, Labrador, from Hudson Bay, and from contents of stomachs of shad caught in Scotsman Bay, Nova Scotia. EURYTEMORA HIRUNDOIDES (Nordquist) PLATE 6, Ficures 4-7; Puate 14, Ficure 9 Temorella affinis var. hirundoides Norpquist, 1888, p. 48, pl. 4, figs. 5-11, pl. 5, fig. 5. Hurytemora ajjinis var. hirundoides GIESBRECHT and SCHMEIL, 1898, p. 104. Hurytemora hirundoides Sars, 1902, p. 102, pl. 69.—vAN BrREEMEN, 1908, p. 101, fig. 117, a-d.—SuHarpr, 1910, p. 411, fig. 3—DeLint, 1922, p. 81, pl. 4— ESTERLY, 1924, p. 93, fig. F, 1-12, fig. G, 1-9.—Prsta, 1928, p. 50, fig. 41, a—c.—CAMPBELL, 1929, p. 315.—WILSon, 1932, pp. 110, 111, fig. 73. A long slender species. Female.—The wings of the last thoracic segment resemble those of E. affinis but extend outward less; they are pointed or rounded. The first abdominal segment (pl. 14, fig. 9), like 2. affinis, is laterally expanded in the proximal half and is narrowly constricted at about the middle; these expansions bear on each side a small spine. The third abdominal segment is armed on the dorsal side with fine spines. The furcal rami are ciliate on the inner margin, and on the outer margin distad of the lateral seta; the dorsal surface like that of the third segment is armed with fine spines. The length of the rami is 8 to 12 times the breadth. The first antennae are nearly as long as the cephalothorax. The fifth foot (pl. 6, fig. 5) is like that of F. affinis. Male.—The male is slenderer than the female, and the last cephalo- thoracic segment is rounded and not expanded into lateral wings. Plate 6, Figure 4, shows the male abdomen, and Figures 6 and 7 the fifth feet of the male. Length: Sars stated that the female reaches 1.15 mm. Nordquist’s figures made the male larger than the female, obviously a mistake. According to Esterly, the female is 1.56 mm and the male 1.15 mm. DeLint (1922), who made a detailed comparison of F. affints and E. hirundoides, considered /’. hirundoides much the smaller form. Occurrence.—Nordquist’s description was from material collected on the coast of Finland. Sars found it abundant on the coast of Norway. Van Breemen (1908) and DeLint (1922) reported it in Holland waters. In American waters Williams (1906) reported it in Narragansett Bay; Sharpe (1910) and Wilson (1932) at Woods Hole; Willey (1923). from Labrador and Nova Scotia; Esterly (1924) from San Francisco Bay; and Campbell (1929) from Van- couver Island. The author found it in Big Timber Creek, Glou- cester, N. J., on September 19. Big Timber Creek is connected 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 with the Delaware River and is affected by the tides. With #. hirundoides were found some Cyclops species that are common in fresh water. Remarks.—Nordquist noted that #. hirundoides is a form in- termediate between /’. afinis and 2. hirundo and that in its varia- tions it is connected with both species. Some authors have thought both #. hirundo and EF’. hirundoides should be considered as varie- ties of /. affinis. Inasmuch as the names cover distinct characteris- tics, it has seemed best here to give them specific rank, although it is recognized that they are closely related. While £. affinis is found in both fresh and salt water, FZ. hirwn- doides apparently does not occur in water that is entirely fresh. EURYTEMORA JOHANSENI Willey PLATE 8, Figures 4, 7 Hurytemora johanseni WILLEY, 1920, p. 18K, figs. 5-7, 9, 11-13. The wings of the last cephalothoracic segment are produced dis- tad but do not reach the end of the first abdominal segment. (PI. 8, fig. 4.) The first abdominal segment is expanded about midway of its length. The second and third segments and the furcal rami are of about equal length. The first antennae about equal the cephalo- thorax. In the fifth feet of the female (pl. 8, fig. 7) the unguiform process of the second segment of the exopod extends distad, but is not so long as the second segment; it is dentate on the inner border. Length: Female, 1.28 mm; male, 1.12 mm. Occurrence.—Described from collections of the Canadian Arctic expedition. : Genus EPISCHURA Forbes, 1882 Cephalothorax more or less distinctly 6-segmented. Abdomen in the female composed of four segments, in the male of five. Abdomen of the male more or less asymmetrical and in most species bent to the right; processes forming a prehensile apparatus projecting to the right; these processes, in #’. baikalensis and E’. chankensis, are found clearly only on the fifth segment, in the other species on the second, third, and fifth. The furcal rami are ciliate on the inner margin and each is armed with a short outer spine, a slender inner seta, and three plumose setae of about equal length. The first antennae (pl. 9, fig. 1) are 25-segmented, the last segment short; the right male antenna (pl. 9, fig. 2) is 22-segmented, genicu- late between the eighteenth and nineteenth segments, the segments preceding the geniculation being slightly swollen. The exopod of the second antenna is 7-segmented, with three short central segments (pl. 11, fig. 1) and a short terminal segment. The anv. 18 SYNOPSIS OF CALANOID CRUSTACEA—MARSH 17 endopod of the maxilliped is 4-segmented (pl. 9, fig. 3). All the swimming feet are biramose, the exopods having three segments and the endopods one. In all the feet the endopods bear five setae. In the first foot the first and second segments of the exopods have each two setae, one external and one internal; the terminal segments bear six setae. In the second (pl. 9, fig. 5), third, and fourth feet the first and second segments of the exopods have spines externally in- stead of setae as in the first foot; the terminal segments have two short spines on the external border, at the end a long spine with its outer margin deeply serrate, and four setae on the inner border. The fifth feet of the female (pl. 10, fig. 4) are uniramose. The first basipods are confluent; the second basipods are distinct; the exopod is 2-segmented, the second segment armed at the tip and sometimes on the sides with spines, which vary in number from three to eight; there are no endopods in mature forms. The fifth feet of the male (pl. 9, fig. 4) are uniramose and dis- similar; the first basipods are confluent. The right foot consists of the second basipod and an exopod of one segment, the exopod being strongly flexed. The left foot consists of the second basipod and an exopod of two segments; the second basipod bears a long. curved process projecting from its inner border; a study of larval forms shows that this process represents an endopod; the second segment of the exopod is more or less sinuate on the inner margin and, in all except Z’. chankensis, armed with spines; in EL. chankensis there is a tuft of cilia at the tip. Occurrence.—With the exception of two species, £. baikalensis and LE’. chankensis, which are found in Asia, the genus occurs only in North America. It is not commonly found much south of latitude 40° N. in America, and it extends north to Alaska. The three American species appear to have a fairly restricted distribution— EZ. lacustris to the general region of the Great Lakes, going north to Lake Winnipeg, /. nevadensis to the mountains of the Pacific region, from central California to Alaska, and EZ. nordenskiéldi to the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland to North Carolina. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF EPISCHURA 1. Segments 2, 3, and 5 of male abdomen armed with projecting LOCC SS CS ares teen at CE eee Ne See ee ee es en ee NN eee ea pe Only fifth abdominal segment of male armed with projecting PE OCCSSCS iia See 8 ee Se ea 8 oR ee Sal cerpire fb 3 pee 4 2. Memale abdomen bent to right, and external furcal setae much broddersthan others = << see wa eae eet ee i ee lacustris Forbes Female abdomen straight or nearly so, and all furcal setae ApPLORIMatehys Same Widths ee eee et Se SURO aes Keene aoe et Rea 3 155089—33 2 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vou. 82 3. Fifth abdominal segment in male with two projecting processes ; terminal segment of female fifth foot armed with six spines. nevadensis Lilljeborg Fifth abdominal segment in male with one projecting process; terminal segment of female fifth foot armed with five spines. nordenskioldi Lilljeborg 4, Last thoracic segment of female expanded in large rounded lobes; terminal segment of female fifth foot ending in a short conical point and haying three spines in its external border. baikalensis Sars Last thoracic segment of female with shorter wings than in baikalensis ; terminal segment of female fifth foot armed with three rterminal sSpinese 225s Beem Saws Wey aoe a ee chankensis Ryloyv EPISCHURA LACUSTRIS Forbes PLATE 9; PLATE 10, Figures 3-5; PuAtH 11, Fieurr 1 (?) Scopiphora vagans PICKERING, in DeKay, 1844, p. 62. Epischura lacustris Forpes, 1882, pp. 541, 648, pl. 8, figs. 15, 16, 21, 23, pl. 9, fig. 8; 1891, p. 704, pl. 1, figs. 1-5, pl. 2, fig. 7—Herrick, 1884, p. 131, pl. Q, fig. 13—pE GuERNE and RicHArp, 1889, p. 90, pl. 4, figs. 3, 9, 10.— MarsH, 1893, p. 200, pl. 4, fig. 6; 1895, p. 10, pl. 2, figs. 1-6, pl. 3, figs. 1-6; 1918, p. 756, fig. 1175—Herrick and TuRNER, 1895, p. 82, pl. 13, fig. 15.— ScHacut, 1898, p. 260.—Totiinerr, 1911, p. 154, fig. 0*—Winson, 1929, p. 126. The abdomen of the female (pl. 10, fig. 5) is bent to the right. The first segment is short, the second about equal in length to the rest of the abdomen and the furca. The second segment is produced at the right in a rounded process. The spermatophore is ordinarily eurved but not wound about the abdomen, as in /. nordenskioldi. The furcal rami are broad. The spines at the external distal angles are stout, the right one being much broader than the left. Of the terminal setae, the outside ones are much broader than the others. The 5-segmented abdomen of the male (pl. 10, fig. 3) is strongly bent to the right with processes projecting to the right from the second, third, and fifth segments. The process of the second seg- ment is triangular, about as long as the segment is wide, with a rounded recurved tip; the distal border is sinuate and indistinctly toothed. ‘The process of the third segment is similar in form and size to that of the second; it is armed at the tip with a rugose pad on both proximal and distal margins. From the right dorsal sur- face of the fifth segment there extends forward a smooth, spatulate process; from the ventral surface there extends to the right another similar process, which terminates in five to seven rather large teeth; its distal margin back from the tip is finely denticulate, the denticu- lations extending back to the furca; the spines of the furcal rami are not so prominent as in the female, and the furcal setae are of about equal width. art. 18 SYNOPSIS OF CALANOID CRUSTACEA—MARSH 19 The antennae in the female (pl. 9, fig. 1) extend about to the fourth abdominal segment. The fifth feet of the female (pl. 10, fig. 4) are uniramose and 3-segmented, the first segment being the second basipod and the other two the exopod. The first segment is about as broad as long and bears a small spine at the outer distal angle. The segments of the exopod are elongate and narrower than the first. he second is about 114 times the length of the first. The first segment of the exopod has a spine at the outer distal angle. The terminal segment has 6 spines, 4 terminals and 1 on each side; 3 of the terminal spines are spinulose. In Plate 9, Figure 3, is shown the endopod of the maxilliped, and in Figure 5 the second swimming foot. The right fifth foot of the male (pl. 9, fig. 4) is 2-segmented, con- sisting of the second basipod and a 1l-segmented exopod, broad at the proximal end and diminishing to a blunt-pointed tip at the distal end; it is flexed upon the second basipod. The second basipod of the left fifth foot has a seta at three-fourths the length of the outer border; the second segment of the exopod has a broad base and ter- minates in a spine; its inner border is concave and armed with long hairs and it has on the outer border one to three spines. Occurrence.—F. lacustris is found abundantly, especially in deep cool waters, in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Mich- igan, and New York. It has been reported from Maine by Bishop and Clarke, and I have seen specimens collected in Lake Sebago by Doolittle. Willey (1920) reported it in Nova Scotia, Bigelow (1923) in Lake Nipigon, and Bajkov (1930) in Winnipeg, Winnipegosis, and Atikameg. De Guerne and Richard (1889) stated that it was found by Lilljeborg in a collection from East Portland, Oreg., and Schacht (1898) repeats this location; it seems probable that this identification was wrong and that Lilljeborg really had #. nevaden- sis, as there is no other report ot /. lacustris in the Pacific coast region. EPISCHURA NEVADENSIS Lilljeborz ~ Puate 11, Fieurrs 2-7; PLATH 12, Ficure 1 Epischura nevadensis LitLJEBorG, in de Guerne and Richard, 1889, p. 93, pl. 2, figs. 17, 24, pl. 3, fig. 21—Herrick and Turner, 1895, p. 84, pl. 11, figs. 1, 6, 8.—GIESBRECHT and SCHMEIL, 1898, p. 185——ScHacut, 1898, p. 256.— TOLLINGER, 1911, pp. 153, 154, fig. N*—-Marsu, 1918, p. 756, fig. 1174. Epischura nevadensis var. columbiae Forses, 1893, p. 254, pl. 41, figs. 19-21.— HERRICK and TURNER, 1895, p. 84, p. 11, figs. 4, 10. The abdomen of the female (pl. 11, fig. 2) is straight or nearly so; the first and second and the third and fourth segments are ordinarily more or less confluent, so that the abdomen may appear to consist of less than four segments. The spermatophores are straight or slightly bent. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Vou. 82 The spines at the external distal angles of the furca are not so broad as in Z’. lacustris, and the terminal setae are of equal width. The interior margins of the furca are finely ciliate. The abdomen of the male (pl. 11, fig. 3) is strongly bent to the right. From the second abdominal segment a process extends to the right and is nearly as long as the width of the segment; it is re- eurved at the tip and both proximal and distal margins are sinuate and the distal margin is armed with irregular teeth. The process of the third segment extends to the right from the distal half of the segment, is of about the same width through its length, and is rounded at the end. There are two processes on the right of the fifth seoment, one a rounded hyaline plate, somewhat spatula-shaped, and projecting forward from the dorsal surface to about the middle of the third segment, and the other (pl. 11, fig. 7) a somewhat triangu- lar projection from the ventral surface to the right; this latter process bears five or six teeth, and extending down the dextral margin of the process are minute serrations, which, near the junction of the segment with the furca, are replaced by distinct teeth (pl. 11, fe voe The first antennae of the female, according to Schacht, extend shghtly beyond the third abdominal segment; according to Lillje- borg they do not reach the base of the furca. In the author’s material the length is somewhat variable and in many cases exceeds that of the furca. In the fifth foot of the female (pl. 11, fig. 4) the second basipod is longer than wide, the first and second segments of the exopod are of about equal length and not much narrower than the second basi- pod. The second basipod is armed on the outer border at about two- thirds or three-fourths of its length with a small spine or seta. The first segment of the exopod has, at its outer distal angle, a small spine. The second segment has six spines, one on each side and four terminal, the terminal being the larger. Forbes stated that a seventh spine is sometimes present on the third segment. Though six is the normal number, there is doubtless some variation in both number and position. Seven have been found in specimens from Alaska; in one preparation (pl. 11, fig. 5) eight were found, and in this the positions of the spines were different in the two feet. The right fifth foot of the male (pl. 11, fig. 6) is 2-segmented. The first segment, which is really the second basipod, is more than twice as long as broad, wider at the distal end, and bears unon the inner distal margin a denticulate hyaline lamella. It has a delicate seta on the external margin at about two-thirds its length. The left foot does not differ from that in /’. lacustris. Agr. 18 SYNOPSIS OF CALANOID CRUSTACEA—-MARSH 21 Length: According to Lilljeborg: Female, about 2 mm, male, about 1.7 mm; according to Schacht: Female, 2 mm to 2.5 mm, male, 1.7 mm to 2.1 mm. The author has made a number of measurements; of these the largest average was in collections from Hope, Idaho; the females measured 2.02 mm, the males 1.76 mm. In Tsiltcoos Lake, Oreg., the females averaged 1.82 mm and the males 1.27 mm. Occurrence.—The original description was from material collected in Echo Lake and Lake Tahoe in California. Forbes found it in Swan Lake and Flathead Lake, Mont. Schacht also reported it from Gambles Lake and Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho; Lake Tahkenitch and Tsiltcoos Lake, Oreg.; and Lake Union and Lake Washington, Wash. Kemmerer, Bovard, and Boorman (1924) found it in many lakes in Washington and in Bear Lake, Idaho. It was found in collections made by E. M. Ball on Afognak Island, Alaska. T. L. Thacker has sent material from Lake Schkam and Kawakawa Lake, British Co- lumbia, in which this species was found. The author found it in ma- terial collected by Dr. H. B. Ward, from a number of small] lakes near Lake Tahoe, and has collected it in Stanislaus National Forest, Calif., and in Lake Chelan, Wash. An immature ’pischura was found in Lake Helen on Mount Lassen, Calif., and in a pond at an elevation of 1,000 feet near Baldwin, Colo. It was impossible to identify this material but it probably would be this species. It will be seen that the distribution is pretty well limited to the Pacific region, the most eastern point being Bear Lake, Idaho, if we disregard the possi- ble location in Colorado. It has not been found much south of the Lake Tahoe region but extends north into Alaska. Remarks.—The original description by Lilljeborg is correct, but his figure of the male abdomen is misleading; from a certain angle it is correct as shown by the similar drawing from the ventral side. (Pl. 12, fig. 1.) Plate 11, Figure 3, however, gives a more accurate idea of its form. The figure by Forbes (1893) was in the main correct. Schacht stated that the appendage near the outer distal angle of the first segment of the female fifth foot is “ correctly drawn by Lillje- borg as a seta, while Forbes’s figure represents it as spine-like.” ‘This appendage seems to vary, sometimes being a seta and sometimes a spine. In material from Lake Tahoe it was a spine. EPISCHURA NORDENSKIOLDI Lilljeborg PLATE 12, FicuRES 2-6 Epischura nordenskiéldi LirusEsore, in de Guerne and Richard, 1889, p. 146, pl. 1, fig. 36, pl. 2, figs. 15, 23.—Herrick and Turner, 1895, p. 85, pl. 11, figs. 2, 5, 9.—GresBRECHT and ScHMEIL, 1898, p. 183.—ScHAcHT, 1898, p. 252.— TOLLINGER, 1911, p. 153, fig. N*—IKierer, 1931, p. 583, figs. 1, 2. Epischura nevadensis WILSON, 1932, pp. 115-117, fig. 77. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 The abdomen of the female (pl. 12, fig. 3) is not bent. Of the four segments, the first two are frequently imperfectly separated. The furcal rami are about twice as long as broad and ciliate on the in- ner border. The spermatophore is bent around the abdomen, as shown in Plate 12, Figure 3. The second, third, and fifth segments of the male abdomen (pl. 12, fig. 4) are armed with projecting processes. The process of the second segment is triangular, about one-half as long as the width of the segment, and rather strongly concave on the distal border. The process of the third segment is short and blunt and projects from the dextral distal angle of the segment. The process of the fifth segment is a small blunt pointed triangular hyaline plate on the right side projecting forward. and H. P. Loding has collected it in Alabama cn a species of wild aster. DISONYCHA FUMATA var. QUINQUERUTATA Schaeffer PLATE 4, FiqurE 19 Disonycha quinquerutata SCHAEFFER, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 27, p. 336, 1919 (Bill Williams Fork, Ariz.; type, U.S.N.M. No. 42419). Disonycha carolina Bristey, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 51, p. 175, 1925. Description —Smaller and paler then typical specimens of fwmata, with pronotal spots not so closely placed and undersurface paler. Length, 5.7 mm. Type and one paratype in the United States National Museum. Type locality —Bill Williams Fork, Ariz. Distribution —Arizona (Bill Williams Fork, Clemenceau, Douglas, Florence, Fort Yuma); New Mexico (Albuquerque) ; southwestern Utah; California (El Centro, Meloland). DISONYCHA FUMATA var. LODINGI Schaeffer PLATE 4, FIGURE 18 Disonycha lodingi ScHAEFFER, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 27, p. 337, 1919 (Delchamps, Ala.; type, U.S.N.M. No, 42421). indistinctly punctate; sutural, median, and submarginal dark vittae not so wide as pale intervening vittae, the submarginal and sutural vittae sometimes uniting at apex. Body beneath finely pubescent, pale, the middle of metasternum, area about coxae, and most of the tibiae and tarsi dark. Length, 7.5 to 7.8 mm; width, 4 mm. Type maie and three paratypes, U.S.N.M. No. 43651. Type locality.—Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, collected in March by H. H. Smith. Distribution.—Known only from the type locality. Remarks.—This species is labeled D. horni by Jacoby in the Biologia material in the National Museum, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and in the British Museum, and these specimens seem to be paratypes of D. horni Jacoby. The typification of Jacoby’s name has been discussed above. D. teapensis belongs to the alternata group, having a similar uneven pronotum and traces of elytral costae in the female. It most closely resembles D. pluriligata var. pura, a Sonoran form. D. teapensis, on the other hand, comes from the lowlands of sout!east- ern Mexico. It is slenderer than pluriligata, the head is smoother, and the aedeagus has @ broadly pointed tip, which is broader than in any of the other species in that group possessing an acute tip. * Brisley, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 51, p. 175, 1925. The specimens on which this record was based, listed by Brisley as “ carolina”, have been examined by tke writer and found to be D. fumata, 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 82 Description—Paler than typical specimens of fwmata, the pro- notum with only two spots anteriorly, undersurface pale. Easily distinguished from 1). caroliniana by the dark labrum, and longer antennae. Length, 6 mm. Type and four paratypes in United States National Museum. Type locality.—Delchamps, Ala. Distribution —Alabama (Delchamps, Baldwin County). 16. DISONYCHA LATIFRONS Schaeffer PLATE 4, FIGURE 20 Disonycha latifrons SCHAEFFER, Journ. New York Ent. Soe., vol. 27, p. 336, 1919 (Fort Defiance, Ariz.; type, U.S.N.M. No. 42420). Description.—Broadly oblong oval, smooth, feebly shining; pale, head with labrum always and occiput behind eyes usually dark, pro- notum with 2 roundish spots, often wider than long and usually small and not close together, but in darker specimens all 5 pronotal spots present and the anterior ones sometimes coalescing; elytra with narrow sutural and submarginal vittae united at apex, median vitta wider; body beneath sometimes entirely pale (in eastern va- riety), but usually with mesosternum except in middle, metasternum, and abdomen, except the last segments, dark; tibiae and tarsi dark. Head with interocular space considerably more than half width of head; interantennal area broad, flat, not produced; frontal tubercles very faintly marked, sometimes not at all defined but continuous with front; smooth, shining, with a group of punctures on each side about fovea; pale, with labrum always dark and occiput behind eyes usually dark. Antennae short, dark, with paler basal joints, third joint considerably shorter than fourth. Prothorax fully twice as wide as long, convex, with only slight median basal depression; somewhat narrowed anteriorly with arcuate sides; surface minutely alutaceous and finely punctate; pale with 2 roundish spots anteriorly, not close together, in darker forms 5 spots present, the anterior ones sometimes coalescing. Scutellum broadly triangular, dark. Elytra broadly oblong, convex; humeri not prominent, with only a trace of intrahumeral sulcus; surface moderately shining, under high mag- nification finely alutaceous, finely and moderately densely but shal- lowly punctate; sutural and submarginal vittae narrow and distinctly united at apex; median vitta narrow except in dark forms. Body beneath finely but not conspicuously pubescent; varying greatly in extent of dark coloring; in eastern forms undersurface often nearly pale, with only darker shading on metasternum, in typical western form the mesosternum and metasternum, and usually the abdomen except last ventral segments, entirely dark. Femora always pale, tibiae and tarsi dark. Length, 5.2 to 7.8 mm; width, 2.9 to 4 mm. AnT.28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO—BLAKE 41 Type locality —Fort Defiance, Ariz. (type female and one para- type in National Museum). Distribution —Arizona (Fort Defiance) ; New Mexico (Albuquer- que, Kohler Junction, Torrance County) ; Nevada (Lincoln County, White Pine County) ; Utah (Juab County) ; Colorado (Buttes, Den- ver, Fort Collins, Golden, Pawnee, Pingree Park); Wyoming (Medicine Bow, Paint Creek, Yellowstone National Park) ; Montana (Assiniboine, Bozeman, Butte, Crazy Mountains, Dillon, Gallatin Mountains, Musselshell) ; California (Macdoel); South Dakota (Black Hills, Elmore). Remarks.—Typical latifrons from Arizona, as described by Schaeffer, is pale with a dark labrum and a dark occiput behind the eyes, the pronotum has only 2 transverse spots, the elytral vittae are narrow, and the ventral surface is black except the prosternum, middle of mesosternum, and last 2 ventral segments, which are pale. This color form is common throughout the Rocky Mountains from Arizona to Montana. DISONYCHA LATIFRONS var. ASTERIS Schaeffer PLATE 4, FIGURE 21 Disonycha asteris SCHAEFFER, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 141, 1924 (Stonewall, Manitoba; type, U.S.N.M. No. 42427). Disonycha latifrons var. asteris ScHAEFFER, Journ. New York Ent. Soce., vol. 39, p. 281, 1931. Description —Of same size and sculpture as typical latifrons, but darker in markings, frontal tubercles marked by a dark line (but this line not any more depressed than in many specimens of typical latifrons; prothorax with five large spots, sometimes the two an- terior coalescing; elytral vittae wider than in paler form. Type locality—Stonewall, Manitoba; collected by J. B. Wallis. Type, U.S.N.M. No. 42427, and three paratypes in National Museum. Distribution.—British Columbia (Rolla, Swift Current) ; Alberta (Edmonton, Banff, Leduc, Pincher Creek) ; Saskatchewan (Moose Jaw); Manitoba (Aweme) ; Quebec. Food plant—Collected on white aster in a swamp (Wallis). DISONYCHA LATIFRONS var. LATICOLLIS Schaeffer PLATE 4, FiaurE 22 Disonycha laticollis ScuAEFFER, Journ, New York Ent. Soc., vol. 39, p. 284, 1931 (Wyandanch, N.Y.; type in collection of Charles Schaeffer). Disonycha quinquevittata WHITEHEAD, Nova Scotia Ent. Soc. Proc., 1918, p. 38. (Not Altica quinquevittata Say.) Slightly larger than typical western specimens of Jatifrons, and paler, the pronotum usually with only two well-marked small an- 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 terior spots, and the elytra with narrow vittae. The undersurface sometimes entirely pale or with only the metasternum dark. Length, 7 to 8.2 mm. Type locality—Wyandanch, N.Y. (one paratype, U.S.N.M. No. 44117). Distribution—Wisconsin (Cranmoor); Minnesota (Mora); Illi- nois (Chicago); Michigan (Lake Douglas); New York (Wyan- danch) ; New Jersey; Maine (Casco Bay); New Hampshire; Massa- chusetts (Chicopee, Springfield) ; Nova Scotia (Truro). Remarks.—Mr. Schaeffer has sent me a paratype of laticollis from Wyandanch, N.Y., which he has donated to the National Museum, and two other specimens from Casco Bay, Maine, both of which belong to the same species. D. latifrons, like D. arizonae and D. fumata, has a wide range, and varies in size and degree of coloration in different localities. The Rocky Mountain specimens usually have a more or less darkened undersurface. The Canadian specimens have larger pronotal spots, and the eastern specimens are larger and paler. No sharp line can be drawn between these various races, since their geographic distri- bution is continuous from Arizona to British Columbia in the Rocky Mountains, and eastward through the provinces of Canada and through the Northern States to Nova Scotia, Maine, and New Jer- sey. The aedeagus of specimens from Montana does not differ except in size from that of specimens from Massachusetts. Var. asteris was collected by J. B. Wallis on white aster in Alberta. In Nova Scotia W. E. Whitehead ** reared the eastern variety, laticollis, from Solidago squarrosa, and in Massachusetts George Dimmock collected it on S. altissima. Like D. fumata, it is evi- dently a feeder on Compositae. Like fumata and caroliniana, latifrons is oval and has a distinctly convex prothorax. The western and Canadian varieties are easily distinguished from fwmata by the dark undersurface. The eastern paler variety has been confused in collections with caroliniana. D. caroliniana nearly always has a pale labrum, while that of latifrons is always dark. Moreover, /atifrons is generally larger and broader proportionately. The head is unusually smooth and unbroken by swelling of the frontal tubercles or carina. D. fumata has a much narrower head with the frontal tubercles and interantennal convexity well marked. The aedeagus of latifrons somewhat resembles that of fumata, but has a broader tip, and is quite different from the aedeagus of caroliniana. ** Whitehead, Nova Scotia Ent. Soc. Proc., 1918, p. 38. I have examined specimens from which this record was made and found them to be D. latifrons var. laticollis. aRT.28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO—BLAKE 43 17. DISONYCHA DISCOIDEA (Fabricius) PLATE 5, FicurE 23 Galleruca discoidea Fasricius, Entomologia systematica, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 25, 1792 (North America ; type lost?). Chrysomela discoidea Fasricus, Systema Eleutheratorum, vol. 1, p. 445, 1801. Haltica discoidea ILiicER, Mag. fiir Insekt., vol. 6, p. 143, 1807. Disonycha discoidea MELSHEIMER, Catalogue, p. 122, 1853.—Crorcu, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 25, p. 64, 1873—Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 16, p. 208, 1889. Disonycha nigridorsis SturM, Catalogue; in Gemminger and Harold, Catalogue coleopterorum, p. 38497, 1876 (as synonym). (Amer. bor.) Description —Large (7 mm), broadly oblong oval, feebly shining; pale with large discoidal black spot, somewhat variable in size, but never attaining margin of elytra; tibiae with a darker outer streak, tarsi black; in variety abbreviata a dark sutural and a median vitta instead of discoidal spot. Head with interocular space over half width of head; carina broadly rounded, a little produced; frontal tubercles merely indicated; surface smooth and shining, nearly im- punctate, with a single large fovea on each side near eye; entirely pale. Antennae short, robust, dark, the basal joints and sometimes the apical ones paler; third joint a little shorter than fourth or fifth, which are subequal. Prothorax about twice as wide as long, some- what convex, without depressions, narrowed slightly anteriorly with feebly arcuate sides; surface finely alutaceous and finely punctate, entirely pale. Scutellum pale or dark. Elytra broadly oblong oval, somewhat convex; humeri not prominent, with only faint trace of intrahumeral sulcus; surface alutaceous, moderately closely and dis- tinctly punctate; discoidal spot variable in size, always more than half the elytra, never covering margin, usually tapering to apex but not quite reaching it. Body beneath finely pubescent, entirely pale, tibiae with a darker outer edge, tarsi dark. Length, 6.5 to 7.8 mm; width, 3.8 to 4.5 mm. Type locality.—North America. Distribution—Maryland (Plummers Island, Great Falls, Marshall Hall); District of Columbia; Virginia (Nelson County); South Carolina (Charleston) ; Georgia (Atlanta) ; Kentucky (Louisville) ; Tennessee (Knoxville, Blount County) ; Alabama (Langdale, Cham- bers County, Sheffield) ; Louisiana (Baton Rouge); Texas (Dallas, Colorado County); Arkansas (Prairie County); Kansas (Douglas County). Food plant —Passiflora lutea Linnaeus (H. 8. Barber). Remarks.—This is the only species of Disonycha in the United States with a black discoidal spot, evidently formed by the coales- cence of vittae, acommon phenomenon in some other genera of Chry- 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 somelidae, such as 7’rirhabda. ” £64 , ih oa ® f (ost era cy Lj ty i > oi : a es) Be » = x ¥ = = ® Vik ati as 7 . é | | > iad | ‘ é = i « =4 a | / 7 Siete tins rans ae ean A : 7 s ae | a a _ pr ets ee + Ye i Teo) ‘ mite, ‘ * ; = : ~4 Be ns mls > er Perce wis ' - al ° - ; Bin - — SM ¥ - ts : ah L;? 7 ‘ dad 7 ie a) a. ae 4 “t » i |. he ! i nT Wt, a 7) 4 et an 7 i ‘ : | rie ] j 4 } £ 1 CE v | fi y ory ry ._ ) 7 i 1 4 ; a 5 t ae ¥ rv ; hen 7 -~ a « o » oF . x / sido f = — ; i ‘ i. + 4 + f = a ~ ae j ats gat ba he bd Toad PG Te Ce ateket hd Ries fa SY THREE NEW CHIGGER MITES OF THE GENUS TROMBIC- ULA FROM PANAMA, WITH A KEY TO THE KNOWN ADULTS OF TROMBICULA OF THE NEW WORLD By H. E. Ewrna Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture Three new species of the genus 7’rombicula were contained in @ small collection of mites sent in for identification from Panama, by L. H. Dunn, medical entomologist of the Gorgas Memorial Labora- tory, Ancon, Canal Zone. Two of these are represented by adult specimens taken from caves. These cave species are blind, and in addition one of them differs from any known described species in having the tarsal claws of the first pair of legs trifurcate. At first the writer was inclined to establish a new genus for this species, but he decided that it probably represents a form already known in the larval stage. Until many more rearings are made it will be best to use larval characters for our genera of chigger mites, as less than one species in 10 is known from the adult stage. Eventually, however, this process will probably be reversed, and our genera of the Trombiculinae will be based chiefly on adult characters. The known adults of Zrombicula of the New World may be separated by the following key: KEY TO ADULTS OF THE GENUS TROMBICULA OF THE NEW WORLD de Claws of first pair of legs*tsimple;: not 4 ray MY x PSs Ce EEE < ha Figure 3.—Dorsal view of Trombicula hominis, new species. (Drawn by Mrs. Katherine Munroe. ) TROMBICULA HOMINIS, new species FIGURE 3 Larva—Palpi about reaching tips of chelicerae; second segment (palpal femur) about as broad as long and outwardly rounded laterally; first palpal seta subplumose, second with a few long barbs, third simple; palpal claw bifurcate, the outer prong larger than the inner and surpassing the latter, both sharp at apex. Chelicerae each with a single tooth on the upper margin and also on the lower margin. Dorsal plate porose, slightly broader than long, front mar- gin incurved on each side of unpaired seta, posterior margin broadly and evenly outcurved; setae on dorsal plate all similar, those at the posterior corners somewhat longer than the others. Pseudostigmata circular, situated about halfway between the front and posterior 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82, arr. 29 margins of dorsal plate and twice the diameter of either from each other; pseudostigmatic organs almost flagelliform, longer than dorsal plate, and with 8 to 5 inconspicuous barbs. Eyes well devel- oped, posterior corneas distinct and almost as large as anterior ones. Dorsal abdominal setae 30 to 36. Dorsal spine of tarsus I rather short, slightly curved, and situated more than its length from base of segment. Length of unengorged specimens, 0.41 mm; width, 0.82 mm. Type host.—Man. Type locality—Aguabuenas, Republic of Panama. Type slide—U.S.N.M. no. 1065. Remarks.—Described from five specimens, mounted on type slide, taken from ear and scalp of child at hut near Aguabuenas, Republic of Panama, by L. H. Dunn. This species is most nearly related to Trombicula brasiliensis Ewing but has at least 30 dorsal abdominal setae, while brasiliensis has about 26 dorsal setae. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1938 art Trive = ay Beil! nt Rem ire le ty thee bu! | a ae las; iit age ip eth fe ee A et IH OF Beep ’Y a A SK Of bie ie | ow ier Beth of ee i. ; as hit als, j | tly), annie Ua “Ti, 4 men ibe I) ; Sear nce. « 7 Up. the 1 ite Pre FF esthex he placa iy the “Rte wero. fai, Uick is jie ; at. wits Ts m= jG OE Tanz! is us be : ee perde.! Pott anet abr. a ee TVA Plate aot ie eatin of 6; os, =o 19/98) ),° = *> Teich 59-4 : 4 »s a » he, ~ win 1 5 Se 3! ie iss oe) ’ raze %, +‘ 6) 4 ee Bass st ee io ‘five eae wn tellin Prom eae ant pomp rot child ot ‘has one Ae “ea HeLa be Det, Pevnthd’: Premier te Sranlesrrts. Kevrinig but ee, wl iit i, matan, we bys 4 branil nage ie + abot ga Sin ' . : ' Le ys & 4 é 1 * . M 6 is 1 \ j Say, i 4 : y i } . 7 : ‘ hi rf 1 J vn ; y t a : “ a af ‘i i 7 - “ey - i. : a) fa ae v yee eel NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF PARASITIC MITES OF THE SUPERFAMILY PARASITOIDEA By H. E. Ewrne Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture Parasitic mites of the superfamily Parasitoidea have long been recognized as of economic importance. In fact, one species, the common chicken mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, was studied and de- scribed by Redi in the seventeenth century. That these mites may be agents in the transmission of disease was demonstrated some years ago in the case of the common rat mite, E'chinolaelaps echidninus (Berlese), which was shown to transmit a disease-producing proto- zoan among white rats. Recently another species, the tropical rat mite, Liponyssus bacoti (Hirst), has been implicated in the transmis- sion of a disease of man, endemic typhus. A study of the 15 species described as new in this paper has thrown much new light on generic characters in the group; in fact, it has resulted in the description herein of five new genera and a rede- scription of six old ones. The separation of certain members of the family Dermanyssidae from those of Parasitidae has always been difficult. It is here suggested that as far as the mouth parts are concerned the dividing point between the two families be based upon the presence on the chelicerae of either true teeth or cheliceral setae. If either one of these characters is present, the genus should be placed in the Parasitidae; if both are absent, it should be placed in the Dermanyssidae. Family PARASITIDAE Subfamily LAELAPINAE ACANTHOCHELA, new genus Body thickly beset with short and rather stout setae. Fixed arm of chelicera with several recurved, fanglike setae. Ventral plates of female as follows: Sternal plate about as broad as long and provided with many setae and two pairs of pores in the form of slits; genitoventral plate of moderate size, not reaching to the anal pe and 8-lobed posteriorly; anal plate eee than broad, broadly No. 2971.—PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 82, ART. 30 7{444——33—— = 74 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 rounded in front and with three setae, the front two of which are paired. Legs rather short; second pair stouter than the others. Coxae II with a pair of spines; other coxae without spines. Type species—Acanthochela chilensis, new species. Remarks.—Difters from Haemogamasus Berlese in having several recurved, fanglke setae on the fixed arm of the chelicerae and from Huhaemogamasus, described as new in this paper, in having many setae on the sternal plate. ACANTHOCHELA CHILENSIS, new species PuLate 1, Figure 1 Body about twice as long as wide and well provided with short setae. Palpi extending forward to tips of first patellae. Chelicerae moderate, fixed chela of each somewhat swollen toward the apex and bearing four recurved, thornlike setae. Sternal plate as broad as long, front corners produced, acuminate, with two pairs of pore slits and about 16 setae arranged more or less in pairs. Genito- ventral plate over twice as long as broad, broadest between the last pair of coxae, and ending in three lobes, the two lateral ones acuminate and the central one rounded. ‘Anal plate one and a half times as long as broad; anus situated less than its diameter from the front margin; paired anal setae situated behind anus, single anal seta much larger than paired ones and extending beyond tip of anal plate. Legs of moderate length; second pair stoutest; third pair smallest; only second coxae bearing spines. Length of female, 0.69 mm; width, 0.389 mm. Type host—Didelphis elegans. Type locality.—Lota, Chile. Type slide—U.S.N.M. no. 1066. Remarks.—Described from four females, collected by D. S. Bul- lock, September 20, 1929, from type host, an opossum, at the type locality. A very distinctive species. Genus HAEMOGAMASUS Eerlese, 1889 This genus, as restricted in this paper, may be described as fol- lows: Body thickly beset with short, fine setae. Fixed arm of chelicera not provided with recurved, fanglike setae. Ventral plates of female as follows: Sternal plate usually large, provided with many setae, some of which are not arranged in definite pairs; genitoventral plate not 3-lobed posteriorly; anal plate longer than broad, broadly rounded in front, and with three setae, the front two of which are paired. Legs rather slender, second pair the stoutest. Type species—Haemogamasus hirsutus Berlese, 1889. ART. 30 NEW PARASITIC MITES—EWING 3 Remarks —The genus Haemogamasus Berlese is here restricted to species in which the sternal plate of the female is provided with many setae and the fixed arm of the chelicera is without recurved, fanglike setae. HAEMOGAMASUS STERNALIS, new species PLATE 1, Figure 2 Body about twice as long as broad and somewhat pointed at both ends, thickly beset with fine, slightly curved, subequal setae. Epi- stome of medium size, branches straight and sharp pointed. Cheli- cerae moderate, fixed chela slightly surpassing movable one and bear- ing an inflated seta near its tip. Sternal plate broader than long, posterior margin festooned, and bearing about 20 setae, including a pair of stout ones at the anterior corners. Genitoventral plate fully three times as long as broad, lateral margins concave, and bearing several setae. Anal plate broadly rounded in front and angulate behind; anus situated centrally; paired anal setae situated at the level of the anterior margin of anus; unpaired anal seta, subequal to paired ones, situated one half the distance from the posterior rim of the anus to the apex of anal plate. Legs slender; anterior and posterior pairs subequal and longer than the other pairs; all coxae without spines. Length of female, 0.92 mm; width, 0.52 mm. Type host—Blarina brevicauda talpoides. Type locality —Adirondack Lodge, Essex County, N.Y. Type (holotype) slide—U.S.N.M. no. 1067. Remarks.—Described from a single female specimen taken by Fran- cis Harper, August 12, 1925, from the caudal region of the short- tailed shrew at the type locality. This species is most nearly related to Haemogamasus alaskensis Ewing, 1925. It differs from 7. alas- kensis in having the sternal plate poorly sclerotized and festooned behind and in having the sternal setae arranged in irregular trans- verse rows. EUHAEMOGAMASUS, new genus Body thickly clothed with short setae. Fixed arm of chelicerae not provided with recurved, fanglike setae. Ventral plates of fe- male as follows: Sternal plate short, usually broader than long, and provided with two or three pairs of setae; genitoventral plate expanded and broadly rounded posteriorly, never reaching anal plate; anal plate longer than broad, broadly rounded in front, and with three setae. Legs rather slender; coxae without spines. Type species —Euhaemogamasus onychomydis, new species. Remarks.—This genus is most nearly related to Haemogamasus Berlese but is separated from it in having only a few sternal setae (four or six) arranged in pairs. In addition to the type, two other new species are included in it. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 EUHAEMOGAMASUS ONYCHOMYDIS, new species PLATE 1, FIGURE 3 Vestiture typical of the genus. Chelicerae large and powerful, the fixed chela in the case of the female longer than the movable one, not inflated, but strongly curved at the tip and provided with four or five dull teeth. Epistome large, broad at the base, fringed with sharp processes, most of which are curved and some of which are branched. Sternal plate broader than long, front margin incurved, its six subequal, curved setae arranged in two divergent rows; genitoventral plate much dilated and evenly rounded posteriorly, bearing many short, subequal setae and an anterior, submarginal pair much larger than the others; anal plate small, the longest anal diameter being over a third the length of the plate; paired anal setae situated opposite the middle of the anus. Legs moderate; second pair decidedly the stoutest; last pair the slenderest. Length of female, 0.93 mm; width, 0.61 mm. Type host—Onychomys sp. Type locality—Oraibi, Ariz. Type (holotype) slide—U.S.N.M. no. 1068. Remarks.—Described from type specimen (a female) taken from type host, a grasshopper mouse, which was collected at the type locality June 4, 1927, by Paul E. Trapier. The specimen came through the United States Biological Survey. This species differs from the other two of the same genus, described in this paper, in the size and shape of the sternal plate and also of the genitoventral plate. EUHAEMOGAMASUS UTAHENSIS, new species PLATE 1, FIGURE 4 Body rather poorly clothed with setae. Movable chela of chelicera stout, armed with strong teeth, fixed arm modified into a straight, toothless, feelerlike process. Sternal plate greatly reduced in size, over twice as broad as long, front margin indefinite; it bears only the middle pair of sternal setae; genitoventral plate about three times as long as broad, sides incurved, and bearing about 10 setae; anal plate egg-shaped in outline, anus centrally placed, paired anal setae situated at the level of the anterior margin of the anus. Peritremes extending forward to the front coxae. Legs slender; first and last pairs subequal, longer than the others; second pair of legs stoutest. Length of female, 0.88 mm; width, 0.56 mm. Type host—Neotoma lepida lepida, Type locality —Salina, Utah. Type (holotype). —U.S.N.M. no. 1069. ART. 30 NEW PARASITIC MITES—EWING 5 Remarks.—Described from a female specimen taken from type host, a wood rat, collected at the type locality by J. S. Sanford, March 21, 1929. This species is very distinctive in having a sternal plate so reduced that it bears only two of the six sternal setae. EUHAEMOGAMASUS OREGONENSIS, new species PLATE 2, FIGURE 1 Body almost twice as long as broad. The two chelae of each chelicera of equal length; movable one curved and with two teeth, both being on the outer margin; fixed chela almost straight, with two teeth and an inflated seta near the tip. Epistome conspicuous, with fringe of slender, pointed, and sometimes branched processes. Sternal plate broader than long, both anterior and posterior margins strongly concave and lateral angies produced into conspicuous proc- esses. Genitoventral plate swollen and broadly rounded posteriorly, bearing about 20 setae, the front marginal pair of which are much larger than the others. Anal plate broadly rounded in front and produced posteriorly into an angulate process; anus large, situated centrally; anterior pair of anal setae situated opposite center of anus. Second pair of legs slightly enlarged, third pair the longest and slenderer than the others. Length of female, 0.98 mm; width, 0.63 mm. Type host—Phenacomys albipes. Type locality.—Netarts, Oreg. Type slide —U.S.N.M. no. 1070. Remarks.—Described from two females taken from type host, a forest tree mouse, collected at Netarts, Oreg., by Rosaline R. Walker, December 6, 1930 (Bishopp no. 14989). This species is characterized particularly by the produced lateral angles of the sternal plate. CYCLOLAELAPS, new genus Body almost circular and not thickly beset with setae; dorsal plate not sculptured, or but slightly so. Chelicerae without brush of setae, fixed arm without recurved, fanglike setae. Sternal plate of female broader than long, with two pairs of pores and three pairs of stout setae; genitoventral plate never reaching anal plate, provided with a single pair of setae; anal plate broad, rounded in front, pointed behind, and bearing three setae; metapodal plates very small, oval. Legs short, stout; coxae IT and II each provided with a prominent spine or spur. Type species —Cyclolaelaps circularis, new species. Remarks.—This genus is related to Heterolaelaps Hirst. It dif- fers from Heterolaelaps in having but a single pair of setae on the genitoventral plate instead of five pairs. The type species only is included. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 CYCLOLAELAPS CIRCULARIS, new spccies PLATE 2, FIcuRES 2-4 Body almost circular but observed to be slightly pointed in front and behind and sparsely clothed with rather short, spinelike setae, which are more conspicuous near the margin. Chelicerae with rather small chelae; movable chela much stouter than fixed one and surpassing the latter, with three teeth exclusive of the terminal process; fixed chela shghtly curved, with two teeth exclusive of the terminal process, cheliceral seta absent. Sternal plate about twice as broad as long, front margin convex, posterior margin concave, the sternal setae subequal, curved, and forming two divergent rows. Genitoventral plate almost twice as long as broad, the single pair of setae extending to apex. Anal plate subtriangular, anal opening situated in front of center of same, paired anal setae shorter than unpaired one and situated on a level with posterior margin of anal opening. Metapodal plates oval, in diameter equal to that of anus. Legs stout; last pair longest; coxae I, II, and IV each with a single spinelike seta; coxae III each with two spinelike setae. Length of female, 0.65 mm; width, 0.55 mm. Type host—Peromyscus truei truet. Type locality—Salina, Utah. Type slides —U.S.N.M. no. 1071. Remarks.—Described from two females taken from type host, the large-eared deer mouse, collected at the type locality by J. S. Stan- ford, one on November 22, 1928, and one on December 7, 1928. Genus MACROLAELAPS Ewing, 1929 Body stout, but longer than broad, not subcircular; well clothed with short, spinelike setae; dorsal plate of female sculptured. Cheli- cerae each with a brush of setae attached near the base of the movable arm; fixed arm without recurved, fanglike setae. Sternal plate of female broad, with two pairs of pores and three pairs of setae; genitoventral plate not reaching anal plate; anal plate about as broad as long, broadly rounded in front and pointed behind, and provided with two paired and one unpaired setae. Legs stout, pro- vided with spinelike setae; each coxa with one or two short, peglike spines. Type species —Laelaps sanguineus Vitzthum. Remarks.—Species of this genus are the largest of any belonging to the subfamily Laelaptinae. The genus is related to Geneiadolae- laps Ewing, but differs from it in having the body sculptured above and the legs and body clothed with stout, spinelike setae. ART. 30 NEW PARASITIC MITES—-EWING e MACROLAELAPS PERUVIANUS, new species PLATE 2, Fiacures 5, 6 A large, robust species; body sparsely clothed with short, spine- like setae. Chelicerae large and powerful; brush of setae near base of movable chela present; fixed chela equal to movable one, curved, with three teeth and a straight, noninflated seta; movable chela strongly curved, with two teeth. Sternal plate about as broad as long, anterior and lateral angles acuminate, posterior margin broadly notched, pores conspicuous, sternal setae very long, curved, sub- equal. Endopodal plates distinct, much longer than broad; endo- podal setae equal and similar to sternal setae. Genitoventral plate longer than broad, only slightly inflated posteriorly, setae on same equal and similar to sternal setae. Anal plate small for the size of the mite, broadly rounded in front; anal opening central, much longer than broad; paired anal setae much smaller than the unpaired one and situated on the level of the center of anal opening. Legs stout; femur and patella of first pair each with a seta-bearing dorsal protuberance; second pair of legs considerably stouter than the others; all coxae spine-bearing. Length of female, 1.9 mm; width, 1.25 mm. Type host—“ Wild rat.” Type locality —Lima, Peru. Type slides —U.S.N.M. no. 1072. Remarks.—Described from eight females taken as follows: Two from type host at type locality, by Dr. C. R. Eskey (no. 22) ; three by the same collector from “ mice and rat ”, Peru, 1931; three by same collector from “ wild rats”, Peru, 1930. A very distinctive species. HEMILAELAPS, new genus Body stout, but oval in shape, not subcircular, not thickly beset with short setae, and not sculptured dorsally. Chelicerae without brushes of setae, fixed arm without recurved, fanglike setae. Sternal plate of female broad and with three pairs of setae; genitoventral plate longer than broad, not reaching anal plate, anterior margin indefinite, and bearing a single pair of setae; anal plate subtrian- gular, about as broad as long, with two paired and one unpaired setae. Legs stout; none calcarate; second and third coxae each with a stout, short, curved, sausage-shaped spine. Type species—Hemilaelaps americanus, new species. Remarks.—This genus is rather closely related to Neolaelaps Hirst, from which it differs in having a normal instead of a greatly en- larged peritreme, and in having only a single pair of setae on the genitoventral plate instead of three pairs. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 HEMILAELAPS AMERICANUS, new species PLATE 3, FIguRE 1 General appearance similar to that of a species of Liponyssus, the dorsal plate not covering the body, which in turn is almost bare of setae. Chelicerae of the type of the genus Laelaps; movable chela slightly curved, with three teeth; fixed chela almost straight, with two teeth. Sternal plate broader than long, anterior margin indefinite, posterior margin outwardly rounded; sternal setae short, curved, subequal, and arranged in two diverging lines. Endopodal plates indefinite; endopodal setae similar to sternal setae. Genito- ventral plate about twice as long as broad, broadly rounded behind. Anal plate large, subtriangular. Legs stout; second pair not en- larged; femur I with spinelike setae above; coxae I and II each with a short, stout, sausage-shaped spine. Length of female, 0.64 mm; width, 0.33 mm. Type host—Drymarchon corais melanurus. Type locality —Brownsville, Tex. Type (holotype) slide—U.S.N.M. no. 1078. Remarks.—Described from a female specimen taken from the type host, a snake—the indigo racer—collected at the type locality by Grace Wiley, April 12, 1930 (Bishopp no. 18900). This species, the type of its genus, combines the characters of the genera Laelaps and Liponyssus. HEMILAELAPS DISTINCTUS, new species PLATE 3, FIGURE 2 Body stout; ventral plates poorly sclerotized, integument practi- cally devoid of setae. Chelicerae moderate in size; movable chela with two teeth exclusive of terminal hook; fixed chela almost straight, with a single tooth and a small noninflated seta, ending in a clawlike hook. Sternal plate about as broad as long, front margin strongly convex, posterior margin concave, anterior angles acuminate; sternal setae very small, arranged in two divergent rows. Genitoventral plate about twice as long as broad, but slightly inflated posteriorly, with two pairs of setae. Anal plate large, subtriangular, anus small, situ- ated slightly in front of center; anal setae small, subequal. Legs short; femora I and II each somewhat inflated and bearing above a few spinelike setae; all coxae large, those of first and second pairs of legs each bearing a short stout spine. Length of female, 0.6 mm; width, 0.81 mm. Type host—Hlaphe obsoleta. Type locality Kentucky. Type slide—U.S.N.M. no. 1074. ArT. 30 NEW PARASITIC MITES—EWING 9 Remarks.—Description based on five females taken from the type host, a black snake, from type locality, by R. E. Stadelman, Sep- tember 29, 1927. This species differs from H. americanus, new species, in the characters of the chelicerae, the shape of the sternum, and a few other particulars. Family DERMANYSSIDAE Subfamily LIPONYSSINAE Genus TETRAGONYSSUS Ewing, 1923 Body stout but longer than broad and clothed with spinelike setae ; dorsal plate large, undivided. Chelicerae reduced, pointed as if for piercing. Sternal plate very broad, with three pairs of stout setae and tending to ankylose with endopodal plates; genitoventral plate large but not reaching anal plate; anal plate subtriangular, with two anterior, paired setae and one posterior, unpaired seta. Legs stout, particularly the first and second pairs; femora I and II enlarged and bearing dorsally long, stout, spinelike setae; tarsal claws small. Type species —Liponyssus gigas Oudemans, 1912. Remarks.—This genus is very near JMyonyssus Tiraboschi, 1904, and it is probable that it will need restriction in the future to char- acters some of which have in the past been considered as specific for its type species. TETRAGONYSSUS MICROTI, new species PLATE 3, FIGURE 3, 4 Female.—Body short, almost subcircular. Chelicerae rather stout ; movable chela curved and irregularly bifurcate at tip; fixed chela almost straight and ending in a minute, strongly curved, sharp hook, Sternal plate in the form of a strongly curved arch; sternal setae large, arranged in two diverging rows. Endopodal plates well sclerotized, extending forward and matching sternal plate; endo- podal setae similar to sternal setae. Genitoventral plate large, about as broad as long, bearing four pairs of setae, the anterior pair being discal and the others marginal. Anal plate small; anus situated near front margin of anal plate; anal setae large, subequal, the unpaired one situated at apex of anal plate. Legs very stout; posterlor pair longest; each femur and patella of the first two pairs of legs with conspicuous dorsal spines; coxae large, without peglike spines. Length, 0.51 mm; width, 0.88 mm. Male.—Sternoventral plate about twice as long as its greatest width, width at sternal region equal to width at abdominal region, narrowest between the posterior coxae. Movable chela of chelicerae 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 a long bladelike structure, grooved and ending in a spurlike process; fixed chela absent. Length, 0.45 mm; width, 0.3 mm. Type host.—Microtus californicus. Type locality—lLos Angeles, Calif. Type slide —U.S.N.M. no. 1075. Remarks.—Description based on three females and two males from type host, a meadow mouse, at the type locality, April 1926 (U.S. Public Health Service), and three females from a young Miecrotus sp., Flat, Alaska, March 29, 1925, by A. H. Twitchell. Genus CERATONYSSUS Ewing, 1923 Body much longer than broad and sparsely clothed with short setae. Dorsal plate of female divided, posterior part large, not cir- cular. Chelicerae shearlike, adapted for piercing. First segment of palpus of female with a hornlike process. Sternal plate broader than long, with three pairs of setae; genitoventral plate small, with indefinite anterior margin and a single pair of setae; anal plate broadly rounded in front, with two anterior, paired setae and one posterior, unpaired seta. Legs somewhat stout, second pair but slightly, if at all, enlarged; one or more spines on all coxae, except those of first pair. Type species —Dermanyssus musculi Koch, 1836. Remarks.—This genus is nearest Ophionyssus Mégnin, 1884, but differs from Mégnin’s genus in having a large posterior section of the dorsal plate and three pairs of setae on the sternal plate instead of two. CERATONYSSUS OCCIDENTALIS, new species PLATE 8, Figure 5; PLATE 4, Figure 1 Anterior dorsal plate about as long as, but much broader than, posterior one, subtriangular, and bearing about 20 setae; posterior dorsal plate broadest in front, pointed posteriorly, and bearing about 25 setae. Chelicerae very slender; movable chela stouter and shorter than the fixed one, which is very slender. Sternal plate much broader than long, poorly sclerotized except for a heavy, arched band along the posterior margin; anterior corners acuminate; front pair of sternal setae marginal, last pair situated at apices of pos- terior angles. Endopodal plates absent; endopodal setae longer than sternal setae. Genitoventral plate reduced, angulate, its single pair of setae submarginal. Anal plate egg-shaped in outline; anus near front margin; paired anal setae situated opposite center of anus, unpaired seta situated about two thirds the distance from anus to apex of anal plate. Legs moderate in length; posterior pair long- ART. 30 NEW PARASITIC MITES—-EWING Tt est; coxae large, all but those of first pair bearing at least one spine. Length of female, 0.77 mm; width, 0.46 mm. Type host—Bat, (¢) Myotis sp. Type locality.—Adel, Oreg. Type slides—U.S.N.M. no. 1076. Remarks.—Described from four females mounted on two slides, taken from “common brown bat” at the type locality, August 19, 1930, by Rosaline R. Walker (Bishopp no. 14849). Subfamily DERMANYSSINAE Genus DERMANYSSUS Dugpés, 1834 Body stout, integument leathery and capable of much distension. Chelicerae of female very long and needlelike, chelae absent; chelicerae of male modified. Palpi simple, without spines or proc- esses. Dorsal plate of female large, entire, frequently poorly sclerotized. Anal plate broadest near its anterior border, not egg- shaped in outline, with an anterior pair of setae and a posterior unpaired seta; anal opening not circular, situated in posterior part of anal plate. Legs rather slender, second pair never greatly enlarged. Type species—Acarus gallinae DeGeer (1778). Remarks.—Dermanyssus Dugéts and Allodermanyssus Ewing, 1923, are the only genera in the subfamily Dermanyssinae. Der- manyssus differs from Allodermanyssus in that the dorsal plate of the female is entire and the anal plate is not egg-shaped in outline and has the opening in the posterior part. DERMANYSSUS EVOTOMYDIS, new species PLate 4, Fieure 2 Body shape and texture of skin typical of the genus. Peritreme extending forward slightly beyond the second coxae. Palpi stout, not surpassing the front femora. Chelicerae very slender, but at the tip of each there is a slight swelling with a few minute teeth laterally. Sternal plate over three times as broad as long, arched. Genito- ventral plate about twice as long as broad, very slightly broadened posteriorly. Anal plate slightly longer than broad, of a shape typical of the genus; anal opening over twice as long as broad, situated about half its longest diameter from posterior margin of anal plate. Legs rather slender; first and last pairs subequal and slightly longer than the others. Length of female, 0.86 mm; width, 0.62 mm. Type host—Evotomys sp. Type locality—Mount McIntyre, N.Y. Type (holotype) slide—U.S.N.M. no. 1077. 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 82 Remarks.—Described from a female taken from the type host, a red-backed mouse, at the type locality, by Francis Harper, July 25, 1925. This species differs from our other known American species of Dermanyssus in having the chelicerae inflated and toothed at their apices. DERMANYSSUS PROGNEPHILUS, new species PLATE 4, FIGURE 3 Similar in appearance to the common chicken mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (DeGeer). Peritremes extending forward to opposite the first pair of coxae. Palpi reaching to slightly beyond the middle of first patellae. Chelicerae exceedingly long and slender, when fully extended reaching to the middle of the first tarsi, not broadened or toothed distally. Sternal plate poorly sclerotized, constituting a transverse arched band. Anal plate longer than broad, almost egg- shaped in outline; anal opening twice as long as broad and situated a little over one half of its greatest diameter from the posterior border; paired anal setae situated slightly in front of a transverse line drawn through middle of anus; unpaired seta similar to paired ones and situated halfway between posterior border of anus and posterior border of anal plate. First and last pairs of legs of about the same length and longer than the others. Length of female, 0.82 mm; width, 0.42 mm. Type host.—Progne subis. Type locality.—Bell, Md. Type slide —U.S.N.M. no. 1078. Remarks.—Described from two females, which formed part of a lot of five individuals (two at least being nymphs) taken from the nest of type host, the purple martin, at the type locality by W. L. McAtee, September 23, 1926. This species is near Dermanyssus gal- linae (DeGeer) but has longer peritremes and a differently shaped anal plate. Subfamily RHINONYSSINAE SOMMATERICOLA Trigardh, 1904 Body very stout; integument leathery. Chelicerae rather stout, of the piercing type, teeth absent, movable chela clawlike. Palpi very short and stout, provided with a few spines. Spiracles situ- ated dorsally. No dorsal plate present. Legs exceedingly short and stout, subequal; tarsal claws small, subequal; coxae stout, with- out spines. Type species—Sommatericola levinsent Triigirdh, 1904. Remarks—Females of Sommatericola have the same type of chelicerae as those of the monkey-infesting genus Pnewmonyssus De ART. 30 NEW PARASITIC MITES—-EWING 13 Haan and Grijns, 1901. However, Sommatericola is more closely related to the bird-infesting genera Rhinonyssus Trouessart, 1894, and Sternostomum Berlese, 1889, from which it differs in the absence of the dorsal plate. SOMMATERICOLA ORIENTALIS, new species PLATE 4, FIGURE 4 Body naked, almost twice as long as broad. First segment of palpus very long, as long as the other four segments taken together and largely united to cephalic cone. Cephalic cone reaching to middle of third segments of palpi. Chelicerae stout for the genus; movable chela long, curved; fixed chela not in a position for proper observation. Sternal region without plate; sternal setae six, sub- equal, arranged in two diverging rows. Anal plate small, broadly rounded in front; anus small, situated centrally; anal setae small. Legs stout, almost subequal, the first and last pairs shghtly longer than the others. Tarsal claws large, strongly curved, and very sharp. Length of female, 0.75 mm; width, 0.44 mm. Type host—Lanius nigriceps longicaudatus. Type locality—Bangkok, Siam. Type (holotype) slide—U.S.N.M. no. 1079. Remarks.—Described from a female specimen taken from skin of host, a shrike (U.S.N.M. no. 308292), which was collected at the type locality in 1926. Family UROPODIDAE CYCLACARUS, new genus Nymphal characters as follows: Body a flattened disk with mouth parts concealed from above. Chelicerae chelate, of generalized type. Palpi short, filiform. Stigmata very large and situated in very heav- ily schlerotized peritremes on lateral margins of the body in front of first pair of coxae. Sternal plate occupying sternal area between coxae of last three pairs of legs, with a pair of pores. Anal plate very large, broader than long, with a small anal opening and two pairs of setae. Legs slender, porrect, with large, diverging, subequal, sharp claws; first pair of legs enclosed in camerostome. Type species —Cyclacarus aberrans, new species. Remarks.—The nymphal specimens upon which the type species of this genus is based are exceedingly unusual in having such large stigmata and peritremes and in having the same situated so far for- ward, in the position of the legs, and finally in the habitat they occupied on the tail feathers of a chimney swift. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Tele Be CYCLACARUS ABERRANS, new species PLATH 4, FIGURES 5, 6 Body a large, flat disk provided with only a few minute setae. Epistome a fine, delicate, feathery process. Palpi short, simple, without processes or tubercles. Chelicerae very long, arising in pos- terior part of the body; chelae short; movable one curved and of a shape usual to the family; fixed one with two toothlike processes at the tip. Sternal plate large, twice as long as broad, occupying most of the sternal area and possessing a pair of pores situated a little behind the middle. Anal plate very large, angulate in front, broadly rounded behind, studded with the openings of integumentary pores, bearing a conspicuous pair of posterior, submarginal setae, and occu- pying most of the ventral surface of the abdomen. Metapodal plates very large, extending forward to in front of the third pair of coxae, thickly studded with pore openings. Peritremes exceedingly large and sclerotized and extending backward from each spiracle. Spir- acles situated on lateral margins of body far forward, even in front of mouth parts. Legs slender; first pair smaller than the others and situated in the same opening as the mouth parts; tarsal claws long, curved, divergent, and very sharp. Length of nymph, 1.49 mm; width, 1.33 mm. Type host—Chaetura pelagica. Type locality—West Chester, Pa. Type (holotype) slide —U.S.N.M. no. 1080, Remarks.—Described from four nymphs taken as follows: One (holotype) from tail feather of type host, a chimney swift, collected at the type locality by D. Smiley, May 22, 1930 (Bishopp no. 18529) ; and three nymphs collected from the same host at the type locality by the same collector, May 4, 1930 (Bishopp no. 18905). This mite is not only remarkable for the situation in which it was taken (on the tail feathers of a swift), but its morphology is unusual in certain respects, particularly in the nature and position of the peritremes and in the presence of so many and such conspicuous integumentary pores. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1933 US. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82, ART. 30 PL.1 NEW SPECIES OF PARASITIC MITES. J, Acanthochela chilensis, ventral view. 2, [/aemogamasus sternalis, ventral view of body. 8, Hukaemoga- masus onychomydis, ventral view of body. 4, 1. ulahensis, ventral view. (Drawings by Eleanor A. Carlin and Mrs. Katherine Munroe.) U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82, ART. 30 PL. 2 NEW SPECIES OF PARASITIC MITES. 1, Huhaemogamasus oregonensis, ventral view. 2, Cyclolaelaps circularis, ventral view. 38, C. circularis, dorsal view. 4, C. circularis, side view of chelicera. 5, Macrolaelaps peruvianus, ventral view of body . 6, M. peruvianus, side view of chelicera. (Drawings by Eleanor A. Carlin and Mrs. Katherine Munrce.) U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82, ART. 30 PE. 3 NEW SPECIES OF PARASITIC MITES. 1, Hemilaelaps americanus, ventral view of cephalothoracic region. 2, //. distinctus, ventral view. 3, Tetra- gonyssus microti, ventral view. 4, T. microti, chelicera of male. 5, Ceratonyssus occidentalis, dorsal view. (Drawings by Eleanor A. Carlin and Mrs. Katherine Munroe.) a vy U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82, ART. 30 PL! 4 NEW SPECIES OF PARASITIC MITES. 1, Ceratonyssus occidentalis, ventral view. 2, Dermanyssus enotomydis, ventral view of mouth parts. Bye prognephilus, ventral view of mouth parts. 4, Sommatericola orientalis, ventral view. 5, Cyclacarus aberrans, ventral view. 6, C. aberrans, detail view of peritreme. (Drawings by Eleanor A. Carlin and Mrs. Katherine Munroe.) ‘ Ae : y tie beh ae sn Wa eee b va \f ‘send rine 5 wot (ae ay ath yy J AE We URI H wie ue ee =