n ro ee Ay, t é PN 7) J >, ore | Dy doe a Re} one el ae the 7 om! ‘ u } : fled % 2 VA CTO a tO Aerie ie te ae Abe a: “su & 4, 9h) yrs SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM VOLUME 98 paps VIVES Ss is e VExanpe ss songs vn TONS. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1951 346633 ; 8 AUGS 1951 q ES {~ HN, ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the tables of contents of each of the volumes. The present volume is the ninety-eighth of this series. The Bulletin, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zo- ological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum. Remineton Kextoea, Director, United States National Museum. Tir AUG 3 495; Ng nm » ‘saoitasildng 9 y en tree enti of Re lata drew Tif ot! 1th Hadageaditt exadto bua - eben Daduildug vies xp oairgiie 9200) & Aoinntor act to cops to Sinan By) Sakae whl Yo Uidgipayaian, of) alemmion ao, ATE wi hotel new Abuhar to. tech: ch & ae POOL nowencasl anwitotar’l: Sunvodtin’, avian’ Wt seu Hr i yaer © QUA CONTENTS Pages Axssorr, R. Tucker. Sse eee 1.6 Sea pes 2 ue So ee ee 2..75 emul. 22-2 c eee ee 8.0 Chel a fo hel See ee eee ee ae 1.0 PiITSE Ola oe ee 8.0 ‘Abdomen: 2:52 50 ue a) Cee ee 8 Second tibiatut=: ti eeer 3 9.0 Narsus: Oh «fobeeswes Ot \2 Propoduse-) eee 1.9 Terminal) claw== 32" === 125 AlIiaryClawee—=— === aes a? Remarks.—Al\though this material establishes a rather wide bathy- metric range (82-587 fathoms) for this species, I could see no signifi- cant difference between the specimens from various depths. The num- PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 2838 ber of spines on the base of the propodus is apparently variable; in some specimens there are four. ‘Thecolor varied, in alcohol, from light straw to a bright reddish brown. The distribution, according to these collections, is from north of Hokkaido to west of Kyushu, and south of Honshu. The southern stations are in deeper water. This species closely resembles Phowichilidium micropalpidum Hil- ton (1942f, p. 72), described from Albatross station 4792, latitude 54°36’15’’ N., longitude 166°57’15’’ E., 72 fathoms. It differs from this species in having a longer femur with 15 instead of 5 femoral pores, in having a longer third joint of the oviger, and in having auxiliary claws less than a third as long as the terminal claw, whereas those of Hilton’s species are half as long. PHOXICHILIDIUM HORRIBILIS, new species FIGURE 39 Types.—Holotype (male): U.S.N.M. No. 80538, Albatross station 4803, latitude 46°42’ N., longitude 151°45’ E., 229 fathoms, 35.9° F., June 24, 1906. Paratype (ovigerous male) : Same locality. Description.—Trunk oval in outline, completely segmented, lateral processes separated by slightly more than their own diameter. There are no tubercles, processes, or spines on the trunk or lateral processes. Kye tubercle bluntly conical, with four well-developed eyes about mid- way between base and tip. Proboscis blunt at tip, constricted near distal third, not quite as long as trunk. Chelifore: Scape straight, moderately heavy, about as long as the chela. Chela large, arcuate or scythe shaped, with a row of 15 or 20 large, long teeth on each finger. Abdomen erect, small, rounded at tip. Oviger inserted ventrally near the base of the lateral process in- stead of halfway out. Third segment broadly arched, with a non- articulated constriction near the base. Fifth segment with a non- articulated constriction near the middle, the basal half with a few re- curved spines, distal half palpiform, bare. Third leg moderately long, without conspicuous spines or tubercles. The second coxa is about as long as the first and third together, but the first coxa is less than half as long asthethird. Tarsus short, propodus heavy, strongly curved, with a conical projection at the end. There are four large basal spines on the heel, a pair of shorter spines near the middle of the sole, and a double row of small spines along the sole, with a somewhat larger spine at the distal end of the row. Terminal claw heavy, curved, about half as long as propodus; auxiliaries about half as long as terminal claw. Genital pore on midventral surface 284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 of second coxa. Femoral cement gland openings a row of 7 to 8 small pores along dorsal surface of femur. Measurements.—As follows: Mm. | Third leg: Mm. Proboseis 22. ess. sober wee ca, 2. 25 Pirst! coxaliiioe on 1 in 0.6 i by vial (cease Oe Pe Seen Spe SME 4.0 Secondycoxawl> shiesce er 2.25 Second lateral process, width__-_ 2.4 Mhind,.coxa- 7A. Aen yee 1.4 SIT) oT Main Ry cau eRe RIE 1.9 WAT oe ee ee nee 4.0 CGE) By terre tre Bre ee ee ca. 1.8 ITSt tla. oe es 3.4 Second tivia ee ee 4.6 MarswS ios 2h Sue es 2s 25 Propodusys won | gy info nse el 1:5 Terming) claw, t. tee ees oh: Anxiliary clawel2. sso. sues .4 Remarks.—The large conspicuous chelae separate this species from any other in the family, as well as in the genus, and suggest the pro- posed specific name. The locality is the southern Sea of Okhotsk just north of the Kurile chain. Genus ANOPLODACTYLUS Wilson, 1878 ANOPLODACTYLUS GESTIENS (Ortmann) FIcureE 40, a-d Phowichilidium gestiens ORTMANN, 1891, p. 166, pl. 24, fig. 8. Anoplodactylus gestiens LoMAN, 1911, p. 18. ?Anoplodactylus gestiens OHSHIMA, 19338¢c, p. 219. Anoplodactylus gestiens OHSHIMA, 1936, p. 864. Collecting records—Albatross stations 3708 (1 female); 3715 (1 female) ; 3739 (1 ovigerous male). The cement gland opening in this species is an inconspicuous tubular process about midway on the dorsal surface of the femur. The origin of the ovigers is well out on the first lateral process, as in A. typhlops Sars and A. neglectus (Hoek). ANOPLODACTYLUS species Figure 40, e-g Collecting records—Albatross stations 5075 (1 female); 5078 (1 female). Both specimens appear to be the same species, in spite of the large difference in depth from which they were taken. Their nearest rel- ative appears to be the western Atlantic A. Jentus Wilson, but the chelae are somewhat straighter and heavier than in A. Jentus, and there is no vestige of an auxiliary claw as in Wilson’s species. In the absence of male specimens it cannot definitely be referred to any PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 285 Figure 39.—Phoxichilidium horribilis, new species: a, Dorsal view of holotype; 3, lateral view of anterior end; c, chela; d, third leg; ¢, tarsus and propodus; f, oviger. Ficure 40.—a-d, Anoplodactylus gestiens Ortmann: a, Dorsal view of trunk; b, tarsus and propodus; ¢, lateroventral view of anterior end; d, femoral cement gland of male. e-g, Anoplodactylus sp.: e, Dorsal view of trunk; f, tarsus and propodus; g, chela. 286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 particular species, however, as there are no salient characters by which it can be identified. It is a large form, as can be seen by the specimen from station 5075. Measurements.—As follows (specimen from station 5075) : Mm. | Third leg: Mm. Proboscis ~-------------------- 3.5 Hirst coxa she eS ca. 1.0 Trunk ~-~--------------------- 6.0 Second’ coxa___2s___\_- See 2.0 Second lateral process, width__-__ 4.6 Mhird’ Coxasco cee 8 Scape --------------____---_.- 5 Femat sete =. ee aera 14.5 get Cipla Zs. seer ee 12.5 SecongAtinia= 2s ee rise Warsus “22st: ! Ski = Propodus 2 ee es Both localities from which this form was taken are south of Honshu. Family AMMOTHEIDAE Dohrn, 1881 Inasmuch as Nymphonella tapetis, for which Ohshima (1938) erected a new family, is actually an aberrant Ascorhynchus, I believe it should be retained in the Ammotheidae. It evidently owes its structural differences (which are confined to the anterior end, specifi- cally the first pair of legs and the palpus), to its parasitic habit. If any specimens of this peculiar pycnogonid were collected by the Albatross, they must still be inside clam shells, for clams seem to be its preferred host. The adults, however, have been found free-living in sand. For further information on the history of this species, see Ohshima’s various papers and Arita (1987). Although this parasitic species is so far known only from Japan, it is possible that it may be of wider occurrence and will be discovered elsewhere. It would seem logical to expect it on the California coast. The taxonomic relationship of Vymphonella to Ascorhynchus would seem to be confirmed by the occurrence of six species of Ascorhynchus in or near Japan, most of them in or near Sagami Bay. This is more than have been found anywhere else in as restricted a locality. Genus ACHELIA Hodge, 1864 ACHELIA BOREALIS (Schimkewitsch) FicureE 41, h-m Ammothea borealis SCHIMKEWITSCH, 1895, pp. 36-40, pl. 2, figs. a—b ; 1907, pp. 5-9, pl. 1; 1930, pp. 189-144, figs. 34-37. Ammothea borealis var. japonica Lostna-LosInsky, 1933, pp. 57-59, fig. 9. Achelia borealis HrpGPETH, 1947, pp. 24, 27, fig. 13b. Collecting record.—Albatross station 5037, latitude 42°02’40” N., longitude 142°33’20” E., 175-349 fathoms, October 1, 1906, 37.9° F., 1 ovigerous male. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 287 The general appearance of this animal, together with the long slender propodus and moderately spiny legs, places it close to this species, although Schimkewitsch’s figures leave much to be desired. This specimen is a curious abnormality, with three legs on the right side and four on the left (fig. 41, h). The larger distal end of the middle lateral process suggests a limb bud or rudimentary socket for the missing leg. There is no evidence that this is a result of regenera- tion after an injury. This and other abnormalities are discussed in more detail in another paper (Hedgpeth, 1947). The locality for this collection is near the southern coast of Hokkaido. ACHELIA PRIBILOFENSIS (Cole) Ammothea pribilofensis Cotr, 1904, pp. 270-273, pl. 12, fig. 6; pl. 18, figs. 7, 8; pl. 19, figs. 1-8. Ammothea (Achelia) pribilovensis SCHIMKEWITSCH, 1930, pp. 156-160, figs. 46-49. Collecting record.—Albatross shore trip, Milne Bay, Simushiru, June 23, 1906, 2 females. This record of two females, one a full-grown mature specimen, ex- tends the range of this species from the Pribilofs to the central Kuriles. ACHELIA SUPERBA (Loman) Ammothea superba LoMAN, 1911, pp. 11-12, pl. 1, figs. 14-15; pl. 2, figs. 16-24.— OHSHIMA and KiIsHiDA, 1947, p. 1008, fig. 2860. Collecting records—Albatross station 5021, latitude 48°32’30” N., longitude 145°07’30’’ E., 73 fathoms, September 27, 1906, 30.9°, 1 female. This specimen falls well with the bathymetric range of 80-150 meters established by Loman. ACHELIA BITUBERCULATA, new species Figure 41, a-g Holotype (male): U.S.N.M. No. 80575, Misaki, Sept. 1, 1929. Co- rallines. Description—Trunk compact, disk-shaped, segmentation not marked, lateral processes touching. At the anterior corner of each lateral process is a pair of small tubercles which appear to be fused at the base, and on the posterior corner there is a larger, single tubercle. There are small spines at the apices of each tubercle. The eye tubercle is tall and slender, with well-marked eyes near the summit. ‘There are two dorsal trunk tubercles, about half the diameter of the eye tubercle and about the same height. The second tubercle rises immediately anterior to the origin of the abdomen. The integument is granular, heavily pigmented ; color deep brown. 288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 Proboscis as long as the trunk, broadly oval. Chelifore one-third as long as proboscis, with a globular subchela. Palpus slightly longer than proboscis, the four terminal joints with ventral lobes, giving it a serrate appearance. Abdomen slender, fingerlike, slightly dilated toward the distal third, reaching to end of the first coxae. It is adorned with a few sets of short spines. Ficure 41.—a-g, Achelia bituberculata, new species: a, Dorsal view of holotype; b, oviger; c, terminal joints of palpus; d, chelifore; e, third leg; f, tarsus and propodus; g, genital protuberance. h-m, A. borealis (Schimkewitsch): h, Dorsal view; 1, tarsus and propodus; j, palpus; k, eye tubercle; /, chelifore; m, oviger. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 289 Third leg short, knobby and spinose. The genital process is on the ventral distal corner of the second coxae of the last two pairs of legs, about two-thirds as long as the width of the coxal joint. There is a tuft of short heavy spines at the tip. ‘Tarsus short, propodus curved, with three large spines on heel. Terminal claw broad, half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw more than half as long as terminal claw. Oviger rather heavy, 9-jointed, with a heavy reversed spine at the base of the sixth segment, a tuft of long spines on the outer distal edge of the seventh, and two denticulate spines on the eighth segment, three on the ninth. Measurements——As follows: Mm. | Third leg: Mm. ProbOsScis: seein 1, 25 Coxae 24D Vee NG EP > 1.0 ADT es ee i ee i a 1. 50 Flemurwi ewig Oa ae 1.0 Second lateral process, width___ 1.4 Wirst tibiae he ee ae 98 Abdomen =f2)>--—-2 = 6 Second’ tibiatsse te ehoe" 3 u8 TYNE T SUS) = a ee ag i re ee 1 Propodus (2222 ae 75 Terminal” clay222=-) ee 4 Remarks—This species appears to be close to A. litke Losina- Losinsky but differs from that species in having dorsal trunk tubercles. Other species with tall dorsal trunk tubercles are A. assimilis (Has- well) and A. wélsoni (Schimkewitsch), from which it differs in the possession of the peculiar birfurcate tubercles on the anterior corners of the lateral processes. ACHELIA species Albatross shore trip, Milne Bay, Shimushiru, June 238, 1906, 1 immature. This appears to be the immature form of one of the compact spinose species. The fingers of the chelae are straight and the specimen differs in other respects from the immature form from the Kuriles ascribed by Ohshima to A. alaskensis. It may be the Oriental or Japanese variety of A. echinata. Genus AMMOTHELLA Verrill, 1900 AMMOTHELLA PROFUNDA, new species FIGURE 42 Holotype (female).—U.S.N.M. No. 80567, Albatross station 5083, latitude 34°04’20’’ N., longitude 137°57’30”’ E., 624 fathoms, 38.1° F., October 20, 1906. Description—Trunk oval in outline, segmentation not marked by suture lines; the lateral processes diverging. Integument lightly 290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 granular, without any knobs, tubercles, or processes. There is a small spine at the anterior and posterior corners of the lateral processes. Kye tubercle erect, leaning forward, bluntly pointed, without eyes. Proboscis as long as trunk, bluntly ovoid, directed downward. Chelifore somewhat more than half as long as proboscis, with conspicuous spines on the scape. Chela rudimentary, with small processes instead of fingers. Ficure 42.—Ammothella profunda, new species: a, Dorsal view of trunk; , lateral view; c, terminal joints of oviger; d, palpus; e, third leg; f, tarsus and propodus, Palpus slender, recurved, somewhat longer than proboscis, the terminal segments conspicuously spinose on the ventral surfaces. Abdomen about seven-eighths as long as trunk, reaching at least to the end of the first coxal segments of the last pair of legs. Third leg slender, with femur with a few spines distally, the first and second tibiae with two dorsal rows of long spines whose length is at least three times the width of the joint, and with shorter spines ventrally. Propodus without a heel but with two large basal spines PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 291 and several widely spaced spines along the sole. Terminal claw strongly curved, about half as long as propodus. Auxiliaries about a third as long as the terminal claw. Oviger 10-jointed, with a few scattered denticulate spines on the terminal segments. Measurements.—As follows: Mm. | Third leg: Mm. iProboscise=— 2s ee eo (fF EC he ee se 4: mT gene a Ne epee 1. 75 Remuplieusss eylawis tun tin 1.75 Second lateral process, width_--- 1.75 First, tibiat ce iuses pede d 1.9 Abdomen__--___~----------—---- 9 Second tibia: -.2_- Ae te 1.9 MATSUS| = 9 sen ycesie oan ie si IPTOPOGUS) S22 ew 2 ee 54H) Terminal claw see eee Ae: Remarks.—Heretofore species of Ammothella have been known only from littoral waters, and this deep record establishes a new bathy- metric range for the genus. Only one other species, A. b7-unguiculata, is known from Japanese waters, and it can be separated easily from this species by the absence of the terminal claw. The locality is off southern Honshu. Genus ASCORHYNCHUS Sars, 1877 Of the six species of this genus known to occur in Japanese waters, five are represented in the collections examined, and the key below is based primarily on the characters of these specimens. 1. Chelifore 2-jointed ; extent less than two inches______-__-__--------------- 2 Chelifore 3-jointed ; extent two to three inches_____--____ japonicus (p. 292) 2. Trunk, or lateral processes and coxae, with prominent dorsolateral tubercles OL-DrOjeCh ONS ea == sarees ee eae ere 2 OE ee 3 Without prominent tubercles or coxal processes___-~~- glaberrimus (p. 293) Shp UR TGS VST Op GS THE tua FEM URES Mop aE Ga Sip C3 C0) 00) 5 Ub (Speen ee ae ee - Tarsus less than half as long as propodus____-___- cryptopygius (Ortmann) 4, Abdomen more than half as long as proboscis__-_____-___-__----~----------- 5 Abdomen half as long or less than half as long as proboscis. auchenicus (p. 291) 5. Fingerlike processes on second coxae almost as long as width of joint. ramipes (p. 292) Processes on second coxae very short______------_-------- glabroides (p. 293) ASCORHYNCHUS AUCHENICUS (Slater) Parazetes auchenicus SLATER, 1879, pp. 281-283. Ascorhynchus minutus HoEK, 1881, pp. 55-57, pl. 6, figs. 10-16. Ascorhynchus bicornis ORTMANN, 1891, pp. 162-168. Ascorhynchus minutus LomMAN, 1908, p. 33. Ascorhynchus ramipes (part) Loman, 1911, p. 6. Ascorhynchus auchenicus CALMAN, 1922, pp. 199-208, figs. 1-4. Collecting record.—Albatross station 3707 (1 ovigerous male) ; 3708 (1 female). 292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 According to Calman’s revision, based on Slater’s type specimen of Parazetes auchenicus, and Hoek’s Challenger types of A. minutus, these specimens represent the same species. Accordingly, its range is from Japanese waters to Port Philip, on the southern coast of Aus- tralia. Loman’s specimen was taken by the Siboga Expedition at station 310 [latitude 8°30’ S., longitude 119° 7.5’ E., 73 m. | ASCORHYNCHUS RAMIPES (Bohm) Gnamptorhynchus ramipes BOHM, 1879b, pp. 56-59, fig. 1. Ascorhynchus ramipes ORTMANN, 1891, pp. 161-162, pl. 24, fig. 4—Loman (part), 1911, p. 6. Ascorhynchus ramipes var. tsingtaoensis Lou, 1936, pp. 2-19, figs. 2-6, pl. 1. Collecting records.—Nagasaki, Japan (1 male). Tokyo Bay, E. S. Morse, collector (several specimens, including ovigerous males). Louw’s variety tsingtaoensis of this species is based on the following differences between his specimens from the China coast and the earlier descriptions of Béhm and Ortmann: The proboscis of A. raméipes is half as long as the trunk, whereas in Lou’s specimens it is less than half as long, and likewise the abdomen is shorter than the proboscis in the variety instead of equal to it. The variety has a pair of small protuberances behind the base of the chelifores which were not described for the species. With the exception of a somewhat longer abdomen than Lou’s fig- ures, these Japanese specimens agree so closely with his description that I do not believe a separate variety name is tenable. The small tubercles at the base of the chelifores are present, and the proboscis is less than half as long as the trunk. ASORHYNCHUS JAPONICUS Ives Ascorhynchus japonicus Ives, 1892, pp. 219-221—Loman, 1911, p. 5—OHSHIMA and Kisuipa, 1947, p. 1008, fig. 2859. Collecting records.—Albatross stations 4980 (1 male) ; 5032 (2 males, 3 females) ; 5079 (2 males, 1 female) ; 5082 (3 males, 1 ovigerous; 1 female) ; 5084 (3 females) ; 5094 (2 females). This handsome species is the most easily identified of the Japanese species of Ascorhynchus. It bears a superficial resemblance to the large Ascorhynchus of the Atlantic, A. armatus (Wilson), but it is much coarser in structure than the Atlantic species; the dorsal trunk tubercles are heavier and the proboscis is much stockier and blunter than in A. armatus. The collection of an ovigerous male is of interest, inasmuch as ovigerous males of the Atlantic species are unknown. The eggs are small, packed in a dense saclike mass which, in the pre- served state, is draped over the oviger. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 293 Apparently this species has an extensive bathymetric range; all pre- vious collections appear to have been made in shallow water, whereas these records indicate a further range from 88 to 918 fathoms. The range of the Albatross stations at which this species was collected is from latitude 34° to 44° N., from southeast of Honshu to northeast of Hokkaido. ASCORHYNCHUS GLABROIDES Ortmann Ascorhynchus glabroides OxTMAN, 1891, pp. 160-161, pl. 24, fig. 3, a, b—LomMAN, LOA Spe 7. Collecting record.—Albatross station 4900 (1 male). This locality is west of Kyushu. This specimen appears to be identifiable with this species; it is sepa- rable from the other members of the genus in the collection on the basis of the prominent tubercles on the lateral processes, which are two or three times as tall as those on the median line of the trunk, and the short processes or tubercles on the first coxae. These proc- esses are pointed, about half as long as the width of the coxal joint, and are directed upward at a 45° angle. There is also a single small process on the middle of the second coxa. The proboscis is quite pointed, about half as long as the trunk. The abdomen reaches to about the middle of the second coxae of the last pair of legs. ASCORHYNCHUS GLABERRIMUS Schimkewitsch Ascorhynchus glaberrimus SCHIMKEWITSCH, 1913, pp. 242-244, pl. 3a, figs. 8-14; 1930, pp. 107-110, figs. 23-25. Collecting record.—Nagasaki, Japan (1 ovigerous male, 1 female, 1 juvenile). Compared with the other species from Japanese waters, A. glaber- remus has a bald, unadorned appearance. There are, however, low conical tubercles on the ends of the lateral processes, and small tuber- cles at the bases of the chelifores. So far, this species is known only from the vicinity of Nagasaki, and no record of its bathymetric dis- tribution is available. Genus CILUNCULUS Loman, 1908 The principal characters that set this genus off from such closely related genera as Ammothella and Heterofragilia are the longer sec- ond joint of the oviger, the tubular femoral cement gland of the male (which is present in some species of Ammothella) , and the overhang- ing dorsal process of the cephalic segment. A very closely related form from Brazil is that described by Mello-Leitao (1946) as Acan- thammothella, which I have already suggested (1948, p. 262) is a 294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 Cilunculus. However, Acanthammothella has a short second joint of the oviger and lacks auxiliary claws on the legs, which are present in all the known species of 'Célunculus. The latter character is not a good generic character, since it does not hold in such genera as Vym- phon and Pycnogonum and in Ammothella there is one species, uniunguiculata (Dohrn) which lacks auxiliaries, and another, 67- unguiculata (Dohrn) which has auxiliaries but lacks the main ter- minal claw. The cement glands of Acanthammothella are mentioned as “abundant,” which indicates that this form does not have the fem- oral tube of the typical Célwnculus. Inasmuch as a great variety of forms of the cement gland, from a row of open pores to an elaborate vesicular process, occurs in Anoplodactylus (Hedgpeth, 1948, p. 219), and a tubular gland is present in most species of Ammothella but lacking in A. b¢-unguiculata, the presence or absence of this structure is at best an incomplete character. Except for the short second joint of the oviger, therefore, Mello-Leitio’s Acanthammothella cannot be separated from Cilunculus and its general form indicates its close relationship to that genus. In the structure of the oviger it resembles Heterofragilia, a genus from the Lesser Antilles. It is apparent that those various small ammotheid genera are in need of more thorough study. CILUNCULUS ARMATUS (Béhm) FIGURE 43 Lecythorhynchus armatus Boum, 1879c, pp. 141-142. Parazetes pubescens ORTMANN, 1891, pp. 163-164, pl. 24, figs. 5, a—d. Cilunculus armatus LoMAN, 1911, pp. 9-11, pl. 1, figs. 1-8. Collecting records.—Albatross stations 37384 (1 female) ; 5021 (1 ovigerous male, 1 female) ; 5037 (1 female). Loman’s figures do not do justice to this quaint little creature and since his paper is not easily accessible I have figured a specimen from Albatross station 8734. The processes and tubercles on the trunk and lateral processes are more prominent than would appear from his drawings. The proboscis is prominently egg-shaped, which is the best field mark for separating it from the species of Ascorhynchus. The overhanging forward edge of the trunk or cephalic segment seems to be a character of the genus, as is the possession of a prominent femoral gland duct in the male, located in this species about midway on the dorsal surface of that joint. This is evidently a cold-water form, occurring from Sagami Bay to the Sea of Okhotsk. Genus LECYTHORHYNCHUS Bohm, 1879 Loman (1908, p. 54) appears to have been the first to suggest that this genus belongs in the Ammotheidae. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 295 Ficure 43.—Cilunculus armatus (Bohm): a, Lateral view; b, dorsal view; ¢, leg. All drawings of female specimen, to same scale. (Line equals 1 mm.) Ficure 44.—a, 6, Lecythorhynchus hilgendorfi (Béhm): a, Tarsus and propodus; 5, palpus. c, d, L. marginatus Cole: c, Tarsus and propodus; d, palpus. e¢, f, Lecythorhynchus sp.: ¢, Lateral view of anterior region; f, tarsus and propodus. 296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 LECYTHORHYNCHUS HILGENDORFI (Bohm) Fiaure 44, a, b Corniger hilgendorfi BOuM, 1879a, pp. 187-189, pl. 2, figs. 3-8d. Lecythorhynchus hilgendorfi Boum, 1879c, pp. 140-141.—Loman, 1911, pp. 8-9, pl. 2, figs. 28-29.—OnsuHImMaA and KisHipa, 1947, p. 1009, fig. 2864. Collecting records——Sarawato Chochi, July 20-23, 1929, A. S. Pearse, collector; 3 specimens. Takami, near Chochi, July 23, 1929, A. S. Pearse, collector; several specimens. Peiyushan Island; several specimens. Three species have been proposed for this genus: LZ hilgendorfi from Japan, LZ. marginatus Cole (1904) from California, and L. ovatus Hilton (1942d) from Hawaii. While it is impossible to pass final judgment on Hilton’s species, it appears to be very closely related to the California form (which is found on the Pacific coast as far south as Cerro Island, Baja California) and the principal character, the serrate palpus, is possibly an illusory one, as I have noticed that specimens of ZL. marginatus when inspected in vitreo seem to have this character, but when mounted on a slide, appear as in figure 44, d. Certainly LZ. hilgendorfi and L. marginatus are closely related, but they can be distinguished on the basis of the structure of the palpus. In L. marginatus the sixth joint is inserted at a distinct angle from the fifth joint, whereas in ZL. Aélgendorfi this is not so pronounced (fig. 44, aandc) although Ohshima’s (1927d, pl. 7, fig. 5) figure indicates that this condition is present in some specimens. The auxiliary claws are much longer in the Japanese species, and the heel of the propodus is not as prominent as in L. marginatus. This is probably a littoral or subtidal species of central Japan. These records are from the eastern coast of Honshu. ? LECYTHORHYNCHUS species Figure 44, e-f Collecting record.—A lbatross station 3730 (1 immature female). Although considerably larger than the specimens of L. Aélgendorfi, this appears to be an immature specimen, to judge from the unde- veloped appearance of the oviger and the chelate chelifores. The conformation of the palpus and propodus of this specimen suggest Lecythorhynchus, but its generic affiliation is none too certain. Family TANYSTYLIDAE Schimkewitsch, 1913 Genus TANYSTYLUM Miers, 1879 Among the notes that Prof. Hiroshi Ohshima kindly turned over to me are drawings and measurements of an undescribed species of Tanystylum. Inasmuch as no species of this genus has been described PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 297 from Japanese waters, the following description, based on these notes, and adopting Ohshima’s manuscript name, is submitted. I wish to thank Professor Ohshima for the free use of these notes in order to make a valuable addition to our knowledge of the distribution of this genus. Ficure 45.—Tanystylum anthomasthi, new species: a, Dorsal view of specimen 1; 8, dorsal view of specimen 2; c, lateral view; d, palpus; ¢, second leg; f, oviger; g, tarsus and pro- podus; h, chelifore, ventral view of anterior half of body. (Lines under a and b equal 1 mm.) TANYSTYLUM ANTHOMASTHI, new species FIGURE 45 Collecting records——Daikoku Jima, mouth of Akkeshi Bay, Hok- kaido, July 10, 1940, attached to Anthomasthus, Dr. Okuda-Shird, collector, 2 specimens (both apparently females). Description.—Trunk circular in outline, the lateral processes con- tiguous but not coalesced. The cephalic segment is slightly prolonged 793375495 298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 anteriorly. There are no dorsal tubercles or processes. Both trunk and legs are covered with fine hairlike setae. Eye tubercle about as broad at base as high, roundly conical. Proboscis slightly shorter than trunk, tapering to a blunt rounded tip, directed downward. Chelifore short, basal segment as wide as long. Second segment about half as long as basal, rounded. A few spines on the outer surface of both joints. Palpus 7-jointed, slender, almost as long as proboscis; the joints armed with short spines. The fourth joint is slightly longer than the second. Abdomen about twice as long as last lateral process, horizontal or directed slightly ventrad. Leg: Coxae subequal, or second slightly longer than the other two. Femur about as long as coxae together, swollen, with a prominent rounded knob on the dorsodistal end. First tibia two-thirds as long as femur, with low knobs on the dorsal surface bearing short spines or setae. Second tibia half as long as first, also with low knobs and setae. Tarsus very short, triangular in lateral view. Propodus rather stout, slightly curved, without heel but bearing three prominent basal spines. Terminal claw heavy, curved, half as long as propodus. Auxiliaries little more than half as long as terminal claw. Oviger: First joint shorter than broad, second and third subequal, fourth slightly longer. Joints 7-10 diminishing in size, armed with pairs of short spines on the ventrodistal margins. Measurements (of “specimen 2”), as follows: Mm. | Third leg: Mm. S83 UOC Ie a Ss eee 1.9 Second “coxal..- See 0.7 Joe ok sok 2 ee 2.0 Mhird coma bs) oe rf WheliLone see ers eee .35 NGM Use SP ee a ¢ OUTS ES esses ee ee 2.5 First tibial. \ | Joos ae 1.3 ge Oe 8 Secend’ tibiavs Ot 36s 1.0 LEONI eee et 1. 38 TATSus=. 2-3 Sees Ee ee 20 Propodus 3222 ae .8 Terminal’ claws 22825522 2 .4 Auxiliary ‘Claw i i=tags 19" . 25 Remarks.—This species resembles 7’. orbiculare Wilson in lacking tubercles on the trunk and coxae, but it is evidently distinct from other species in the genus because of its coating of fine hairlike setae. Family COLOSSENDEIDAE Hoek, 1881 Genus COLOSSENDEIS Jarzynsky, 1870 COLOSSENDEIS ANGUSTA Sars Colossendeis angusta Sars, 1877, pp. 268-269.—Loman, 1908, p. 22.—HrrTon, 1948b, p. 3. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 299 Collecting records.—Albatross stations 4969 (2 specimens) ; 4975 (1 specimen) ; 4980 (1 specimen) ; 5043 (3 specimens) ; 5050 (4 speci- mens) ; 5083 (3 specimens). This well-known species is widely distributed throughout the colder waters of the world, north and south. There is no significant differ- ence between these Japanese specimens and those taken from New England waters on the early cruises of the Albatross, with which they have been compared. These are the first records of this species in Japanese waters, although Hilton identifies several specimens from the eastern North Pacific. The stations at which this species was collected range from latitude 83°23’ N. to 42°10’ N., all off the eastern shores of the archipelago. COLOSSENDEIS COLOSSEA Wilson Colossendeis colossea WILSON, 1881, pp. 244-246, pl. 1, fig. 1; pl. 3, figs. 5-7.— OHSHIMA, 1936, pp. 866-867. OHsHIMA and KisHipa, 1947, p. 1009, fig. 2863. Colossendeis gigas OHSHIMA and KisuHipA, 1947, p. 1009, fig. 2862. Collecting records.—Albatross stations 4974 (1 specimen) ; 5082 (1 specimen). Comparison of these specimens with several taken from the Western Atlantic (the type region) shows no significant differences and con- firms the suspicion of previous workers that this is an ubiquitous deep- water species. Both these records are southeast of Honshu. COLOSSENDEIS MACERRIMA Wilson Colossendeis macerrima Wi1son, 1881, pp. 246-247, pl. 1, fig. 2; pl. 4, figs. 9-12; pl. 5, fig. 82—CaLMaAn, 1923, pp. 267-268—OHSHIMA, 1936, p. 867. Collecting locality —Albatross station 5083 (1 male?). One small recently moulted specimen of this species is represented in the collection. The proboscis measures 1.75 mm., and the specimen is about half the size of an average full-grown example from the North Atlantic. Itappearstobeamale. Like (. colossea, this is evi- dently a cosmopolitan deep-water species. This locality is southeast of Honshu. COLOSSENDEIS JAPONICA Hoek Figure 46, a-d Oolossendeis japonica HorK, 1898, pp. 295-296, pl. 2, fig. 3. Collecting record.—Albatross stations 4912 (3 specimens) ; 4915 (1 specimen). This is the second record for this species, which was first collected by the Challenger at station 237, latitude 34°37’ N, longitude 140°32’ K, 1,875 fathoms. In appearance it is superficially like C. angusta, but it is readily separable from that species by the short second joint of the palpus and by the combination of long tarsus and short terminal claw. ‘The proboscis in these specimens is somewhat longer than the 300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 U WYYI GY, Y), x Ficure 46.—a-d, Colossendeis japonica Hoek: a, Lateral view; b, palpus; c, tarsus and propodus; d, terminal joint and spine of oviger. e-h, C. nasuta, new species: e, Lateral view of holotype; f, palpus; g, tarsus and propodus; h, terminal joint and spineof oviger. specimen figured by Hoek and the tarsus is more than twice as long as the propodus instead of about one-and-one-half times as long; in one specimen (fig. 47, a) the proboscis is 16 mm. long and the trunk is 9 mm. long. Both these stations are southwest of Kyushu. COLOSSENDEIS DOFLEINI Loman Figure 47, a-d Colossendeis dofleini Loman, 1911, pp. 4-5, pl. 1, figs. 6-183—OnsnHima, 1936, p. 867. Collecting records—Albatross stations 3381 (1 specimen); 4803 (1 specimen) ; 4804 (1 female, 1 juvenile) ; 5029 (1 specimen) ; 5079 (1 female). This appears to be a somewhat variable species; the proboscis of the specimen from A/datross station 5029 is not so conspicuously dilated as those of the other specimens, but it is otherwise inseparable from them. The terminal joints of the palpus are somewhat shorter than figured by Loman. C’. dofieint is evidently a widely distributed species in the North Pacific. Station 5079 is south of Honshu; all the others are east of the Kuriles. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 301 COLOSSENDEIS CHITINOSA Hilton Ficure 47, e-h Colossendeis chitinosa HILTon, 1943b, p. 4. Collecting records.—Albatross stations 3703 (1 specimen); 4982 (6 specimens). Sagami Bay, 1 specimen. Identification of this species has been confirmed by examination of the type material, from which it differs in the possession of a some- what longer terminal claw. As the species has not been described or figured, a description, based on the above specimens, follows: Trunk completely segmented, with ringlike swellings at the distal ends of the segments. This ring is projected into a sharply pointed tubercle dorsally. The eye tubercle is about twice as tall as the dorsal trunk tubercles, sharply pointed with the point projected forward. The eyes are heavily pigmented, located in the basal third of the tubercle. Although Hilton describes the eyes as “being at different levels” they are not conspicuously so; it is the forward slant of the eye tubercle which gives this impression. Abdomen very small, bluntly conical and almost ventral in location. Proboscis longer than trunk, dilated, curved downward as in @. dofleini. Palpus second joint curved, about one and one-third as long as fourth. Joints 7 to 9 long, slender, subequal, sixth slightly shorter than seventh. Third leg coxae subequal, about as broad as long. Femur and second tibia subequal, first tibia about a third longer than femur. Tarsus slightly longer than propodus, terminal claw almost as long as propodus. The sole of both tarsal joints bears a closely set row of fine, short spines. Oviger somewhat short for a member of this genus. Second and fourth joints subequal. Terminal joints subequal, with several rows of spines which do not appear to be denticulated. On the last seg- ment there is a large spine opposing the terminal claw, forming a subchelate structure. Measurements.—Proboscis, 6 mm.; trunk 3.5 mm.; third leg, ca. 25 mm. Remarks.—This species is superficially close to C. dofleini, but is about two-thirds as large, with much slenderer legs and terminal claw. Colossendeis dofleint has no spines on the tarsal joints. In the structure of the terminal segment of the oviger it resembles (@. californica Hedgpeth (1939), but differs from that species in the structure of the eye tubercle and shorter terminal claw. C. chitinosa ranges from Sagami Bay to the Aleutians. 302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 Ficure 47.—a-d, Colossendeis dofleini Loman: a, Lateral view; }, palpus; c, tarsus and propodus; d, terminal joint and spine of oviger. e-h, C. chitinosa Hilton: e, Lateral view; f, palpus; g, tarsus and propodus; h, terminal joint and spine of oviger. COLOSSENDEIS NASUTA, new species FIGure 46, e-h Holotype.—U.S.N.M. No. 80548. Collecting record.—Albatross station 4912, latitude 31°39’40” N., longitude 129°40’ E., 391 fathoms, August 12, 1906. Description.—Trunk elongated, unsegmented, lateral processes sep- arated by about their own diameter. Kye tubercle conical, sharply pointed, eyes not apparent. The trunk and legs are without any tu- bercles or prominent spines. Abdomen papilliform, about as long as first coxae of last legs. Proboscis about one and one-half times as long as trunk, slender, curved gracefully downward. Its greatest diameter occurs in the proximal third, and it tapers gradually to about half that diameter at the tip. Palpus somewhat longer than proboscis, the terminal segments diminishing in size. The second segment is about twice as long as the fourth, and the third half as long as the fifth. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 3038 Third leg: Coxae subequal, about as broad as long. Femur and first tibia subequal, second tibia somewhat shorter. Tarsus and propodus equal, terminal claw two-thirds as long as propodus. The sole of both tarsal joints bears a row of small,.well-separated spines. Oviger: Second and fourth segments subequal, third about a third as long. Terminal segments subequal, tightly coiled, bearing several rows of rather long compound spines. The compound spines are very finely denticulate. The last joint is slender and tapering, with a terminal claw that is about as long as the width of the segment itself. Measurements.—As follows: Mm. | Third leg: Mm. Brobosein iets Ae 2 ak ore 14.0 Goxgéila iors!) sh Miteiinry 3.5 Mrumice A k Vi al eb oe es 8.0 Ramps 4 wet taeda spay, fics 19.0 Second lateral process, width___ 3, 25 Birst chibiasc te ot Oe 20. 0 ANUS Mee a see eee 1.75 Second titan segs ean 13.5 Palpusy 2 eee ee ea. 19.5 TINE SUL Sees eae oe 3.0 PropodUs= asses ae 3.0 Terminal, Claw=42- 4-36 222 250 Remarks.—The combination of a long, slender, curved proboscis and a very long terminal claw separates this species from other mem- bers of the genus. The specimen appears to be a male. It was col- lected at the same station as C. japonica, southwest of Honshu. Family PYCNOGONIDAE Wilson, 1878 Genus PYCNOGONUM Briinnich, 1764 PYCNOGONUM TENUE Slater Ficures 48, 0; 50, ¢ Pycnogonum littorale var. tenue SLATER, 1879, pp. 281-283. Pycnogonum tenue OHSHIMA, 1936, p. 867—OHsHIMA and KisHwa, 1947, p. 1010, fig. 2865. Collecting records—Albatross stations 3707 (1 female); 3708 (2 females); 3716 (1 female); 4893 (1 male); 4895 (1 male); 4933 (1 female). This species has not been previously figured except in generally inac- cessible Japanese works and the original description leaves several important details undiscussed. Although it does superficially resem- ble P. littorale in the shape of its proboscis, the dorsal trunk tubercles are quite high, sometimes prolonged to points, and the integument is lightly reticulated as well as granulated. In some specimens the reticu- lations are not apparent; in others they occur together with granula- tions. The oviger is 9-jointed, exclusive of the terminal claw. The genital pores are on the second coxae. In the female they are dorsal whereas in the male they are ventral, on a low but well-developed conical tubercle. I could find them only on the last pair of legs. All these records are west of Kyushu. 304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 PYCNOGONUM UNGELLATUM Loman Ficure 48, c; 50, e-g Pycnogonum ungellatum Loman, 1911, pp. 7-8, pl. 2, figs. 25-27—-OusHIMA, 1937, p. 868. Collecting records.—Albatross stations 4803 (1 female); 4804 (1 male, 1 female). Loman’s description of this species, based on an immature specimen, is inadequate. The oviger is 9-jointed instead of 8-jointed and the legs are much shorter and thicker than indicated in his figure. The proboscis is somewhat variable. In the specimen I have chosen for illustration it is barrel shaped, as in Loman’s figure. The abdomen is squarish at the tip. P. ungellatum is apparently related to P. stearnsi Jves, but it is without the dorsal trunk tubercles of that species. The genital pores are on the ventral surface of the last two pairs of coxae. Measurements (of apparently mature specimens) .—As follows: Male, station 4803 Female, station 4804 Mm Mm. IPTODOSCIS Sle. a ees ee] eT ODOSCIS == ea ee 3.0 PIPE TAIT ee coe reer ete ka nae Ae Se C4087 | PD reniic: Pe oe ae anes eee 7.0 Width, second lateral process___ 3.75] Width, second lateral process_-___ 4.0 Abdomeny lace 2 3p denne lhe 45.5) AbdOmMen: 52225 3-402-2 253 pa 1.3 These two stations are in the Sea of Okhotsk, east of southern Sakhalin. PYCNOGONUM BENOKIANUM Ohshima Ficure 49 Pycnogonum benokianum OuSHIMA, 1935a, pp. 137-139.—OHSHIMA and KIsHIDA, 1947, p. 1010, fig. 2866. Although this species is described from specimens collected from Okinawa and is not represented in any collections available to me, it seems appropriate to publish a translation of the Japanese description, which is unaccompanied by any figures or synopsis in a European language. While a figure has been published in the “Illustrated En- cyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan,” this work is not generally avail- able, and I am able to provide figures from Professor Ohshima’s notes. The description that follows is based on a literal translation pre- pared by Dr. Masui Kodani, together with notes supplied by Professor Ohshima, and I wish to thank Dr. Kodani for his generous assistance in this and several other details connected with the Japanese language. I am especially indebted to Professor Ohshima for supplying the ad- ditional notes and drawings. Items in brackets are my own comments and additions. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 305 Loman. Ficure 49.—Pycnogonum benokianum Ohshima: a, Lateral view; b, dorsal view; c, oviger; d, leg; ¢, tarsus and propodus; f, view of abnormal specimen, showing location and muscu- lature of single oviger; g, male genital pore; h, female genital pore. 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 Type locality—Benoki, Okinawa islands. Collected by Shimoto Toma, between January and March 1932. Description.—Trunk fat, knobby. Integument granular, the granu- lations coarse, on elevated portions of the trunk. Lateral processes large, nearly as long as the length of the trunk segment, well separated. First trunk segment somewhat rhombic, two-thirds as long as wide. Eye tubercle near anterior margin, low. On the posterior edge of each trunk segment there is a rounded dorsal tubercle. Proboscis large, slightly more than one-third as long as trunk, basal half cylindrical, distal half bluntly conical. Abdomen cylindrical, shorter than length of fourth trunk segment. Oviger 8-jointed, with a terminal claw. Last two segments bearing spines near their outer edge. Third leg: First coxa almost as large as lateral process, with a notch on the distal posterior part. Second and third coxae diminishing in size. Femur longer than either tibia, with swellings on the inner basal and dorsodistal regions. There are short spines toward the distal end of the femur and first tibia. On the distal ventral margin of the second tibia, and the sole of the tarsus and propodus, is a row of short spines. Terminal claw slightly curved, about half as long as propodus, with small, deciduous auxiliaries. Genital pore on ventral surface of second coxae of last two pairs of legs in both sexes. Eggs about 0.07 mm. in diameter. Measurements.—As follows: Mm. | Second leg: Mm. IProDOSCis se 1. 25 Codecs <2 ae 2 eee 2 Length first trunk segment____-~ . 87 Renn... NA 15 Length last trunk segment-__~_~ 6th TOD SSL em i oh ce oe en 7 AROOMCR IT e oe Ne 6 Scconditibia2 = — == aaa .6 Motal lensthirunkes = vee 2. 82 iMerslis. wee Ge eee? .12 Propodus hse sae ae Bia Terminal! claw.) eee 4 Total length-leg. 8 = 3. 97 Remarks.—This new species resembles very closely P. pustllwm Dohrn, which occurs in the Bay of Naples and is characterized by the granular integument and the presence of auxiliary claws. The one distinct difference is that the genital opening occurs on the dorsal side in P. pusillum, whereas in this species it is on the ventral side. No observations have been made of the male of Dohrn’s species. Bouvier’s statement that there are no tubercles on the median dorsal line of the trunk in P. pusillwm seems to be an error made by him in reading Dohrn’s original description. P. ungellatwm Loman, which occurs along the coast of Sagami [immediately south of Tokyo Bay], closely resembles P. benokianum. [At this point Ohshima’s description dis- PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 307 cusses the difference in proportions of the joints of the oviger of P. ungellatum, based on Loman’s figures, which are inaccurate, since the basal joint was overlooked by Loman.]. P. tenue (Slater), P. stearnsi Cole [sic], both occurring in Japanese waters, P. crassirostre Sars from the North Atlantic, and P. magellanicum Hoek are all similar to the new species in body shape but lack auxiliary claws, and in this respect differ distinctly from it. According to Mr. Toma [the collector] this species is attached to a sea anemone which occupies concavities of rock on shallow bottom. Occasionally three sea spiders are found attached to a single host. In the preserved specimen sent to me by the collector I found one hooked to the outer body wall of the host, while four more were en- closed in the gastrovascular cavity. In the literature there is only one species which is known to live attached to sea anemones, P. littorale (Strém), occurring commonly in northern Europe. [P. stearnsi Ives is reported in association with the large green California coastal anemone Cribrina wanthogrammica by Johnson and Snook, 1927, p. 409, Hilton, 1934, Ricketts and Calvin, 1939, p. 54, Hedgpeth, 1941, p. 254, and P. rickettst Schmitt is reported in association with Metridium by Schmitt, 1934, fide Ricketts.] The earliest record is that of Milne Edwards, who found it on Cynthia and fish (divers poissons). KE. B. Wilson wrote that it is perhaps parasitic on Bolocera tuediae, a sea anemone, because it is often found attached to the lower side. Also G. O. Sars (1891) wrote that it is firmly hooked to T'ealia digitata and 7’. crassicornis but that it could not be decided whether or not it fed on them. Recent information is scarce but Prell (1911) stated that it [P. ttorale| is often attached to Urticina (Tealia) crassicornis, and Meisenheimer (1925) found it on Actiniloba (Metridium) dian- thus and stated that it absorbs the body fluid through the proboscis, which is buried in the body of the host. According to Arndt (1913) it lives on ilne-E'dwardsia loweni and according to Cuénot (1921) it also lives on Cynthia. Prell observed it very closely and wrote that it is attached not only on four different kinds of sea anemone in an aquarium but also on Lucernaria (a jellyfish) and Cucumaria fron- dosa. Dogiel (1913) supplemented this observation while studying its development and stated that only the adult is found attached to the sea anemone and that the younger stages are found only [?] in Clava multicornis. I have named our new species after the place where it was col- lected. Its mode of living is not yet fully known. It is rather rare that two very similar species of sea spider live so very far apart and at very different latitudes. 308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 PYCNOGONUM BUTICULOSUM, new species Figure 48, a; Fieure 50, a, b Types.—Holotype (male): U.S.N.M. No. 80571, Albatross shore trip, June 23, 1906, Milne Bay, Simushiru. Paratypes (4 males, 2 females) : Same locality. Description—Trunk fat, compact, and broad. Lateral processes narrowly separated. The posterior dorsal margin of the first three Ficure 50.—a, b, Pycnogonum buticulosum, new species: a, Third leg; b, oviger. c,d, P. tenue Slater: c, Third leg; d, oviger. e-g, P. ungellatum Loman: e, Third leg; f, detail of terminal and auxiliary claws; g, oviger. trunk segments is raised in a ridge, at the center of which is a prom- inent rounded tubercle, and there is also a ridge on the dorsodistal margin of the lateral processes. There is a smaller tubercle on the last trunk segment, without such a prominent ridge. The eye tubercle is rounded, about as high as the dorsal trunk tubercles, with prom- inent eyes. Integument granular, in some specimens also lightly reticulated. Proboscis slightly more than half as long as trunk, nipple- or bottle- shaped. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 309 Abdomen short, clavate or square tipped, reaching to the distal margin of the first coxae of the last legs. Third leg short and knobby, with reticulations in some specimens. Terminal claw more than half as long as the propodus, without. auxiliaries. Sole of propodus armed with a row of fine spines. Genital pore on dorsal surface of second coxae of last pair of legs of female, possibly the last two pairs; I could not find them on the male. Oviger 9-joined, the segments short and thick. ‘The claw is some- what longer than the terminal segment. Measurements.—As follows: Holo- Para- Holotype eee) ope + third jeg: Mm. ProDOSel ses scape pe i 4.0 6.0 Coxae_—-—_ 2.0 4 Meri balks D0) pe ie IE TE 7.0 9.5 ee en Second lateral process, First tibia--_-_-------___- 1.5 ee: PE CORE aS ean IONE 5.0 6.5 Seconditibiaes a el 1.0 Adommen 0 2a, NA 1.5 2.0 Tarsus_—_~_---_---------- 5 POP OCS iets ee area a A) Renmin ale Cla yyee eee Ay (3) Remarks.—This species bears a superficial resemblance to P. stearnst Ives, which is reported from the North Kuriles by Ohshima (1933d), but it is readily separated from that species by the peculiar shape of the proboscis. Simushiru is one of the islands of the Kurile group. LITERATURE CITED ARITA, K. 1936. Hin tiberziihliges bein bei einer Pantopoden-Art (Nymphonella tapetis Ohshima). Annot. Zool. Japon., vol. 15, pt. 4, pp. 469-477, 3 figs., pl. 1937. Beitrage zur Biologie der Pantopoden. Journ. Dept. Agr. Kyushu Imp. Univ., vol. 5, pt. 6, pp. 271-288, 7 figs. ARNDT, W. 1918. Pyenogonidea; Zoologische Ergebnisse der ersten Lehr-Expedition der Dr. P. Schottlinderschen Jubilfum-Stifung. Jahresb. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Kult., 1912, pp. 110-136. Bera, Leo 8. 1947. Classification of fishes both recent and fossil, 517 pp., 190 figs., Ann Arbor. (Offset copy, with English translation, of Cuctema pxi6o- o6pasHEIx H p50, HBIHe MUBYyMmUX UucKonaeMEIx. Trav. Inst. Zool. Acad. Sci. U. R. 8. S., vol. 5, No. 2, 1940.) Boum, R. 1879a. Ueber die Pyecnogoniden des Konig]. Zoologischen Museums zu Berlin, insbesondere tiber die von S. M. Gazelle mitgebrachten Arten. Montasb. Berlin Akad. Wiss., 1879, pp. 170-197, 2 pls. 1879b. Ueber zwei neue von Dr. Hilgendorf in Japan gesammelte Pycnogoni- den. Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1879, pp. 53-60. 1879c. Ueber Pycnogoniden. Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1879, pp. 140-142. 310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 CALMAN, W. T. 1922. The holotype of Parazetes auchenicus Slater (Pycnogonida). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 9, pp. 199-203, 4 figs. 1923. Pyenogonida of the Indian Museum. Rec. Indian Mus. Caleutta, vol. 25, pt. 3, pp. 265-299, 17 figs. Core, L. J. 1904. Pyenogonida of the west coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, pp. 249-298, 16 pls. CurENoT, L. 1921. Contributions & la faune de Bassin d’Arcachon, VIII. Pycnogonida. Arch. Zool. Exper. Gen., vol. 60, Notes et revue, No. 2, pp. 21-382. Derrsucin, K. M. (editor). 1935. Pantopoda of the Polar seas within U. 8. S. R. Inst. Arctique U. R. S. S., Materials for the Study of the Arctic, No. 4, pp. 1-140, 17 figs. Dociz1, V. 1913. Embryologische Studien an Pantopoden. Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., vol. 107, pt. 4, pp. 575-741, 109 figs., 6 pls. EKMAN, SVEN. 1935. Tiergeographie des Meeres. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, xii+-542 pp. Leipzig. HXLineE, Harrier I. 1936. Pycnogonids from Puget Sound. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 83, pp. 414— 442, 1 fig. FAapricius, Orro. 1780. Fauna groenlandica .. ., pp. 229-233. Facer, LOvIs. 1942. Pycnogonides de la céte occidentale d’Afrique. Arch. Zool. Exper. Gen., vol. 82, Notes et revue, pp. 75-90, 7 figs. FLynn, T. T. 1919. A reexamination of Professor Haswell’s types of Australian Pyeno- gonida. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1919, pp. 70-92, 2 pls. 1929. Pycnogonida from the Queensland coast. Mem. Queensland Mus., vol. 9, pt. 3, pp. 252-260. GILTAY, LOvIS. 1934. Pycnogonida from the coast of British Columbia. Can. Field Nat., vol. 48, pp. 49-50. GISLEN, TORSTEN. 1948. Physiographical and ecological investigations concerning the littoral of the northern Pacific. Section I. A comparison between the life- conditions in the littoral of central Japan and California. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., n. f. avd. 2, vol. 39, No. 5, 64 pp., 7 figs., 4 pls. 1944. Physiographical and ecological investigations concerning the littoral of the northern Pacific. Sections II-IV. Regional conditions of the Pacific coast of North America and their significance for the develop- ment of marine life. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., n. f. avd. 2, vol. 40, No. 8, 92 pp., 18 figs., 1 pl. Gorpon, I. 1932. Re-description of some type-specimens of Pycnogonida of the genus Nymphon. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 9, pp. 97-120, 12 figs. HEDGPETH, J. W. 1939. Some pycnogonids found off the coast of southern California. Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 22, pt. 2, pp. 458-475, 2 pls. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 311 HeperetH, J. W.— Continued 1941. A key to the Pycnogonida of the Pacific coast of North America. Trans, San Diego Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, No. 26, pp. 253-264, 3 pls. 1943a. Pyecnogonida of the Bartlett collections. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 33, pp. 83-90, 2 figs. 1943b. On a species of pycnogonid from the North Pacific. Journ. Wash- ington Acad. Sci., vol. 33, pp. 223-224, 1 fig. 1947. On the evolutionary significance of the Pycnogonida. Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 106, No. 18, 53 pp., 16 figs., 1 pl. 1948. The Pycnogonida of the western North Atlantic and the Caribbean. Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 97, pp. 157-342, 50 figs., 3 charts. Hinton, WILLIAM ATWOOD. 1934. Notes on parasitic pycnogonids. Pomona Journ. Ent. and Zool., vol. 26, p. 57. 1939a. A preliminary list of pycnognids [sic] from the shore of California. Pomona Journ. Ent. and Zool., vol. 31, pp. 27-35. 1939b. A collection of pycnogonids from Santa Cruz Island. Pomona Journ. Ent. and Zool., vol. 31, pp. 72-74. 1942a. Pantopoda chiefly from the Pacific. I. Nymphonidae. Pomona Journ. Ent. and Zool., vol. 34, pp. 3-7. 1942b. Pyenogonids from Allan Hancock Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pacific Exped., vol. 5, pp. 277-312, 14 pls. 1942c. Pantopoda (Continued). IJ. Family Callipallenidae. Pomona Journ. Ent. and Zool., vol. 34, pp. 38-41. 1942d. Pycnogonids from Hawaii. Occ. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus., vol. 17, pp. 43-55, 10 figs. 1942e. Pyenogonids from the Pacific. Family Tanystylidae. Pomona Journ. Ent. and Zool., vol. 34, pp. 69-70. 1942f. Pycnogonids from the Pacific. Family Phoxichilididae [sic] Sars 1891. Pomona Journ. Ent. and Zool., vol. 34, pp. 71-74. 1943a. Pycnogonids from the Pacific. Family Ammotheidae. Pomona Journ. Ent. and Zool., vol. 34, pp. 93-99. 1943b. Pyenogonids from the Pacific. Family Colossendeidae. Pomona Journ. Ent. and Zool., vol. 35, pp. 2-4. HopGe, GEORGE. 1863. Descriptions of two new species of Pycnogonoidea. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 11, pp. 4638-464. Hoek, P. P. C. 1881. Report on the Pycnogonoida dredged by H. M. 8S. Chailenger during the years 1873-1876. Challenger Reports, vol. 3, No. 2, 167 pp., 21 pls., 2 figs., 21 pls. 1898. On four pycnogonids, dredged during the cruise of the Challenger. Tijdschr. Neder]. Dierk. Ver., ser. 2, vol. 1, pp. 290-801, 1 pl. Ivss, J. E. 1892. Echinoderms and arthropods from Japan. Proc. Acad. Nat. Phila- delphia, 1891, pp. 210-221, 1 pl. JOHNSON, MyrTLeE HLIZABETH, and SNOOK, HArry JAMES. 1927. Seashore animals of the Pacific coast, xiv + 659 pp. New York. KRGYER, HENRIK. 1844. Bidrag til Kundskab om Pycnogoniderne eller Sgspindlerne. Nat. Tidsskr., ser. 2, vol. 1, pp. 90-139, 1 pl. 312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 Loman, J. C. C. 1908. Die Pantopoden der Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Exped., vol. 40, 86 pp., 15 pls. 1911. Japanische Podosomata; Beitr, zur Naturgesch. Ostasiens. Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 4, pp. 1-18, 2 pls. LostnA-Losinsky, L. K. 1929. Ueber einige neue Formen der Pantopoda. Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), vol. 57, pp. 5387-554, 5 figs. 1933. Pantopoda vostochnykh morei 8S. S. 8S. R. Leningrad Inst. Issled. MoreiS. S. 8S. R., vol. 17, pp. 48-80, 18 figs. Lov, TinG-HENG. 1936. Sur deux nouvelles varietés des pycnogonides recueilles 4 Tsing-Tao, dans la baie de Kiao-Chow, Chine. Contr. Inst. Zool., Nat. Acad. Peiping, vol. 3, pt. 1, pp. 1-34, 9 figs., 4 pls. Marcus, ERNESTO. 1940. Os Pantopoda brasileiros e os demais sul-americanos. Bol. Fac. Fil., Cién., Letr. Univ. SA0 Paulo, vol. 19 (Zool. 4), pp. 3-144, 17 pls. MEISENHEIMER, J. 1925. Pantopoda, in Grimpe and Wagler, Die Tierwelt Nord- u. Ostsee, pt. 11, a, 12 pp., 5 figs. MeEL1Lo-LEITAO, ALOYSIO DE. 1946. Nova género de pantopodes de Baia de Guanabara. Anais Acad. Bras. Ciénc., vol. 18, pp. 291-296, 4 figs. OHSHIMA, HIROSHI. 1927a. Nymphonella tapetis, n. g., n. sp., a pyenogon parasitic in a bivalve. Annot. Zool. Japon., vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 257-263, 4 figs. 1927b. Notes on some pycnogons living semiparasitic on holothurians. Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo, vol. 3, pp. 610-613, 1 pl. : 1927c. Piknogono parazite vivanta en Bivalvo. Bull. Scti. (Fakulty Terkultura Kjusu Imp. Univ.), vol. 2, pp. 366, 379, 2 pls. 1927d. Piknononoj alkrocigantaj al Holoturio. Bull. Scti. (Fakulty Terkultura Kjusu Imp. Univ.), vol. 2, pp. 380-388, 1 pl. 1933a. The adult of the bivalve infesting pyecnogonid, Nymphonella tapetis Ohshima. Annot. Zool. Japon., vol. 14, pp. 53-60, 4 figs. 1933b. Young pyenogonids found parasitic on nudibranchs. Annot. Zool. Japon, vol. 14, pp. 61-66. 1933¢e. Pyenogonids taken with a tow-net. Annot. Zool. Japon, vol. 14, pp. 211-220, 14 figs. 1933d. Pyenogonids of the North Kuriles. Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan, vol. 4, pp. 148-150, 2 figs. 1935a. On a Sea spider inhabiting the Okinawa region. Dobutsugaku zasshi, vol. 47, pp. 187-189. (Zool. Soc. Japan.) Title and text in Japanese. 1935b. A further note on Nymphonella tapetis: The egg-carrying mature male. Annot. Zool. Japon., vol. 15, pp. 95-102, 4 figs. 1936. A list of pyenogonids recorded from Japanese and adjacent waters. Zool. Mag. (Japanese), vol. 48, pp. 861-869. 1938. Nymphonellidae, a new family of Pantopoda. Annot. Zool. Japon., vol. 17, pp. 229-233. OHSHIMA, HtROoOsHt, and KIsuHipA, K. 1947. Pantopoda, in Illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan. Revised edition, pp. 1005-1010, 16 figs. Tokyo. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 313 OrtTMANN, A. E. 1891. Bericht tiber die von Herrn Dr. Déderlein in Japan gesammelten Pyenogoniden. Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), vol. 5, pp. 157-168, 1 pl. PRELL, H. 1911. Beitriige zur Kenntnis der Lebensweise einiger Pantopoden. Bergens. Mus. Arb. (Naturvid. Rek.), 1910, pt. 10, pp. 1-30, 12 figs. Ricketts, Hpwarp F., and JAcK CALVIN. 1939. Between Pacific tides: An account of the habits and habitats of some five hundred of the common, conspicuous seashore invertebrates of the Pacific Coast between Sitka, Alaska, and northern Mexico. xxii+320 pp. Sars, G. O. 1877. Prodromus descriptionis crustaceorum et pycnogonidarum, quae in expeditionae norvegica anno 1876 observatit. Arch. Math. Naturv., vol. 2, pp. 8387 (237)-271. 1891. Pycnogonidea. Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition, vol. 6 (Zool. 20), 163 pp., 15 pls., chart. SCHIMKEWITSCH, VLADIMIR. 1893. Compte-rendu sur les pantopodes, recueillis pendant les explorations de l’Albatross en 1891. Report on the dredging operations * * * Albatross, VIII. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 27-48, 2 pls. 1895. O nekotorikh forma Pantopoda. Trudy St. Petersburg Obshch. Testestvoispytateli, vol. 25, pp. 35-48, 1 pl. 1906. Uebersicht der von P. Schmidt und W. Braschnikow in den ostasiatis- chen Ufergewiissern gesammelten Pantopoden. Ann. Mus. Zool. St. Pétersbourg, vol. 11, pp. 246-252, 1 pl. 1907. Zur Pantopoden-Fauna des Sibirischen Hismeers. Mem. Acad. St. Pétersbourg. Result sci de l’exped. polaire russ en 1900-03, ser. 8, Phys.-Math., vol. 18, pt. 6, 9 pp., 1 pl. 1913. Hinige neue Pantopoden. Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Péters- bourg, vol. 18, pp. 240-248, 1 pl. 1929-30. Pantopodes. Faune de l’U. S. 8S. R. (18), vol. 1-2, cxiv-+554 pp., 164 figs, 10 pls. ScHMITT, WALDO LASALLE. 1934. Notes on certain pycnogonids including descriptions of two new species of Pycnogonum. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 24, pp. 61-70, 2 figs. Scott, F. M. 1913. On a species of Nymphon from the North Pacific. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 10, pp. 206-209, 1 pl. SLATER, H. H. 1879. On a new genus of Pycnogon (Parazetes) and a variety of Pycnogonum littorale in Japan. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 3, pp. 281-283. STEPHENSEN, K. 1936. Pyenogonida from Norway and adjacent waters. Bergens Mus. Arbok. Naturv. Rek., 1935, pt. 2, 39 pp., 1 fig. Sverprup, H. U., JoHNson, Martin W., and FLemMiIneG, RicHarp H. 1942. The oceans: Their physics, chemistry, and general biology, x +1087 pp. THOMSON, G. M. 1884. On the New Zealand Pycnogonida, with descriptions of new species. Trans. Proc. New Zealand Inst., vol. 16, pp. 242-248, 3 pls. 793375—49—_6 314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 U.S. BuREAU or FISHERIES. 1907. Dredging and hydrographic records of U. S. Fisheries steamer Albatross for 1906. Document No. 621. 50 pp. WILLIAMS, G. 1940. Pycnogonida of western Australia. Journ. Roy. Soe. West. Australia, vol, 25, 1938-1939, pp. 197-205, 9 figs. Witson, BE. B. 1881. Report on the Pycnogonida. Reports on the results of dredging * * * Blake. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, pp. 239-256, 5 pls. APPENDIX Detailed information relative to Albatross stations will be found in Appendix Table 1. Localities at which pycnogonids have been collected in Siberian waters, taken from Losina-Losinsky (1933) are tabulated in Appendix Table 2. In the latter, English place names are taken from Hydro- graphic Office Publication No. 122 (1932), “Sailing Directions for Siberia and Chosen.” Several localities falling within the area of the station chart have been omitted: Askold Island, Rimsky-Korsa- koff Island, Furugelma Island, Naumova Island, and Srednyaya Bay. These are all in the vicinity of Peter the Great Bay. Two localities are north of 50°: Kastri Bay (latitude 51°30’ N., longitude 140°53’ E.) and Kazakevicha Bay (slightly north of 50°, near longitude 142° E.). I have retained the specific and subspecific names of the Russian text to facilitate reference to it although some of the subspecific names must be changed as Marcus (1940, pp. 128-129) has suggested. Thus Achelia echinata orientalis should be A. echinata nasuta,; A. gracilipes borealis should be A. gracilipes tatarica; and A. borealis japonica should be A. borealis nipponica. There appear to be typographical errors in some of the dates or station numbers, and probably in some of the station positions. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TABLES bk. black g. gravel rd. red br. brown glob. globigerina rky. rocky brk. broken gn. green Ss. sand eo. coral gy. gray sa. sSabulous (sandy) ers. coarse m mud sh. shells dk. dark oz. ooze sp. specks fn. fine p. pebbles st. stones for. Foraminifera r. rock vol. volcanic So a ————— a —— oe oe 145° E, 150? | 793375 O—48 (Face p. 314) 5078-79 °5075, 49.80%, . @ 0938) SB 0% 5082-83" af y , 3734,-16,-15,-08,07 4393,-95 * y) : EIB SFS, = 5 4qoore48l © af , 4908-09) .| | | 482d be = | 493 3-34,-36% 4919 if 8 q Ficure 51.—Stations which pycnogonids were collected by the Albatross, 1900 and 1906. 793375 O—48 (Face p. 314) PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH APPENDIX TABLE 1 LIST OF STATIONS AT WHICH PYCNOGONIDS WERE COLLECTED BY THE ALBA- TROSS, 1900 AND 1906 315 Sta- oe Date Locality Depth aoe Lupe of Species of pyenogonids 0. 1900 Off Honshu Fathoms 3697 | May 5 | Manazuru Zaki, N, | 120-265 |_------ gy. m., vol.s_| Nymphon kodanii. 26°; W, 6.0 mi. 3698 | May 5 | Manazuru Zaki, N, 150)|--2- enim: S22 Nymphon japonicum, kodanii. 8°; W, 4.5 mi. 3701 | May 7 | Seno Umi, N, 10°, W, “REY 3a tae er vol.s., g- __..| Nymphon japonicum. 2.3 mi. 3703 | May 7 | Seno Umi, N, 16°; E, 5) eg (kala VOLS eaeoe Colossendeis chitinosa, Anoplo- 56 mi. dactylus gestiens. 3707 | May 8 | Ose Saki, S, 53°; W, 63=70i bse vol.s., a., g--| Ascorhynchus auchenicus, Py- 2.5 mi. cnogonum tenue, 3708 | May 8} Ose Saki, S, 55°; W, 60-70 |__.___- PneMNeseeee Nymphon japonicum, Ascor- 2.25 mi. hynchus auchenicus, Pycno- gonum tenue. 3715 | May 11 | Ose Saki, S, 56°; W, 65-68) ese ss vol. s., sh, r_| Anoplodactylus gestiens. 1.6 mi. 3716 | May 11 | Ose Saki, S, 36°; W, | 65-125 |_____-- vol.s., sh, r_| Pycnogonum tenue. 0.8 mi. 3730 | May 16 | Omai Zaki Lt., N, 17°; 34-37, [pene aa eA pS se ee Nymphon japonicum; Pallen- E. 14.5 mi. opsis virgatus; Lecythorhyn- chus sp. 3734 | May 16 | Omai Zaki Lt., N, 25°; 36-48) |b a5 ers. gy. vol. | Nymphon japonicum, Cilun- E, 11 mi. s, brk, sh. culus armatus. 3739 | May 17 | Ose Zaki, S, 25°; W, Do=00) ease vol. s.,sh.,r_| Anoplodactylus gestiens. 0.25 mi. 3750 | May 19 | Suno Saki, S, 89°; E, | 83-140 |_-__-_- gy. s., brk. | Nymphon japonicum. 9.25 mi. sh=; Dp: 3752 | May 19 | Suno Saki, S, 71°; E, | 54-100 }__--__- [Bt eee Nymphon japonicum. 3.25 mi. 3755 | May 19 | Suno Saki, S, 63°; E, Ly erieh || Teens gy. s., co____| Nymphon japonicum. 3.6 mi. 3757 | May 19 | Suno Saki, S, 64°; E, 41-50 |_----.- crs. co., Ss., g-| Nymphon japonicum. 2.5 mi. Sta- Temp F ani os Date Lat. N. | Long. E.| Depth oF ‘| Type of bottom Species of pyenogonids 1906 on nao | Hathoms 4780 | June 7 | 52 01 174 39 TKO4GH Sbue) Ley, Ss.) De--oe- Nymphon dissimilis. 4803 | June 24 | 46 42 151 45 229))|) (35:91) (ers.psy Dk. (8-----8 Phorichtlidium ungellatum, hor- ribilis. Colossendeis dofleini, . Pycnogonum ungellatum. 4804 | June 24 | 46 42 151 47 229) |) S520) | CTS.3p., DK.)S2--- = - Colossendeis dofleini, Pycnogo- num ungellatum. 4809 | July 16 | 41 18 140 08 40 | 207-90 | 35.9 | gy.s., p., brk. sh_| Nymphon japonicum. 4822 | July 21 | 37 08 10 |137 08 ASO S084 9) on. meee === 3228 Nymphon elongatum. 4826 | July 21 | 37 25 137 32 114 | 42.5] fn. gy.s., bk. sp__| Nymphon japonicum, albatrosst, Phorichilidium ungellatum. 4829 | July 22 | 37 20 137741; 30) |-527—548 oe On Lename 2. 2 foo 8 Nymphon japonicum. 4833 | July 23 | 36 13 40 |1385 56 30 WOUee eee Gk cys, ri. 29-5 Nymphon japonicum. 4842 | July 26 | 36 13 183 27 25406) einen is), ishyeo. = Nymphon albatrossi, Phozi- chilidium ungellatum. 4854 | July 30 | 35 54 129 46 Sobnt) 824 wens mee. 2-8 Nymphon uniunguiculatum. 4891 | Aug. 9 | 32 27 128 34 181 50.2 | gy. s., brk. sh., r_| Phozichilidium ungellatum. 4893 | Aug. 9 | 32 32 128 32 50 | 95-106 | 55.9 | gy.s., brk.sh.. p_-| Pucnogonum tenue. 316 Sta- tion No. 4895 4900 4908 4909 4912 4913 4915 4919 4933 4934 4936 4958 4960 4965 4967 4969 4970 4971 4973 4974 4975 4977 4980 4982 4987 5018 5020 5021 5023 5024 6025 5026 5029 5032 5037 5038 5040 5043 Date pubs) . 20 - 26 oes 27 . 27 - 28 . 30 i) w PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 APPENDIX TABLE 1—Continued LIST OF STATIONS AT WHICH PYCNOGONIDS WERE COLLECTED BY THE ALBA- TROSS, 1900 AND 1906—continued Lat. N. | Long. E.}| Dept ° oF 2k. 32 33 10 32 28 50 31 40 31 38 30 31 39 40 31 39 10 31 31 30 34 30 59 30 58 30 30 54 40 32 36 20 32 34 33 35 20 33 25 10 33 23 40 33 23 30 33 23 30 33 24 15 33 18 10 33 21 30 43 19 20 46 41 30 48 32 45 48 32 30 48 43 30 48 43 10 48 43 30 48 36 10 48 22 30 44 05 42 02 40 42 02 40 42 14 20 42 10 20 ° yo 128 32 10 128 34 40 129 29 40 129 27 30 129 20 129 22 30 129 25 30 129 19 30 130 29 50 130 32 130 37 30 132 24 30 132 24 45 135 10 50 135 37 20 135 33 135 36 30 135 34 135 30 30 135 40 50 135 38 50 135 37 40 137 55 140 10 30 140 17 143 57 40 145 07 30 145 08 45 142 142 15 20 Fathoms 440 152 103-152 103 405 578 191 244-253 587 500-649 649 600 905 545-712 544 507 390-428 100 119 440 175-349 175 140-269 330 h Temp. Type of bottom gn.s., brk. sh., p- £Y..8.;, DEK. Sh__—- gy., glob., oz__._- gy., glob., oz.-___ gy. glob., oz______ gy. glob, oz-_..-- gy. glob., oz., brk. sh. gn.-br. m., fn gy. SOL gn.-br. m., fn gy. s., for. dk. gn.-gy.s., sh__ br. m., bk. s., sh - br.-gn. m., for___- br.-gu. m., for____ bram. pe dorses bres ins: br. m., fn. s., for. rky. br. m., bk. s., p. gn. M., S., p. gn. m., S., p. gn. m., bK.s., g. bK. s., g. br. m.,fn. bk. s., g. fn. bk. s., br. m., brk. sh. gn. m. br. m., fn. bk. s., co., S. Species of pyenogonids Pycnogonum tenue. Ascorhynchus glabroides. Pallenopsis tydemani. Nymphon albatrossi. Colossendeis japonica, nasuta. Nymphon albatrossi. Nymphon albatrossi; Colossen- deis japonica. Nymphon albatrossi. Pycnogonum tenue. Nymphon japonicum. Nymphon japonicum. Phozichilidium ungellatum. Nymphon nipponense. Nymphon kodanii. Nymphon nipponense. Phozichilidium ungellaium; Co- lossendeis angusta. Pallenopsis stylirostre. Nymphon kodanii. Phorichilidium ungellatum. Colossendeis colossea. Nyumphon ohshimai, nipponense; Pallenopsis mollissima, styliro- stre; Colossendeis angusta. Nymphon nipponense, kodanii. Numphon nipponense, Asco- rhynchus japonicus, Coloss- endeis angusta. Nymphon longitarse, uniungut- culatum, Colossendeis chiti- nosa. Decachela discata. Nymphon hodgsoni. Numphon longitarse, hodgsoni. Nymphon longitarse, hodgsoni, Achelia superba, Cilunculus armatus. Nymphon longitarse, hodgsoni, elongatum. Nymphon longitarse, nikowi. Nymphon longitarse, hodgsoni braschnikowi. Nymphon braschnikowi. Colossendeis dofleini. Ascorhynchus japonicus. brasch- Nymphon longitarse, braschnik- owi, Achelia borealis, Cilun- culus armatus. Nymphon braschnikowi. Nymphon longitarse. Colossendeis angusta. PYCNOGONIDA FROM JAPANESE WATERS—HEDGPETH 317 APPENDIX TABLE 1—Continued LIST OF STATIONS AT WHICH PYCNOGONIDS WERE COLLECTED BY THE ALBA- Date 5082 Oct. "5084 5085 Oct. Oct. Oct. Sess 8S 8 Shore collections: June 23 Milne Bay, Simushiru July 3 Hakodate Lat. N. ° , a” 38 11 30 34 38 15 34 12 20 34 15 34 10 30 34 05 34. 04. 20 34 35 06 45 35 04 42 Long. E.}| Depth o 4 =6" | Fathoms 142 08 266 138 16 15 22 138 02 30 |475-514 138 475-505 138 40 505 137 59 662 137 57 30 624 137 49 40 918 139 19 45 622 139 38 20 88 Tem oF igh Type of bottom dk. gy. s., brk. sh., for. 1WaYzye] 0) ac aie sel fn. gy. s., glob____ fn. gy. s., glob___-_ gn. m., fn. s., glob_ fne. gy. s., glob__- gn. m., fn. s.,glob gn. m., fne. bk. s_ DE Ss ibike shes TROSS, 1900 AND 1906—continued Species of pycnogonids Nymphon gunteri, heterospin- um; Colossendeis angusta Anoplodactylus sp. Anoplodactylus sp. Phoxichilidium ungellatum; Ascorhynchus japonicus; Col- ossendeis dofleini Nymphon micropedes; Pal- lenopsis mollissima; Phozi- chilidium ungellatum Ascorhynchus japonicus; Col- ossendeis colossea Ammothella profunda; Colos- sendeis angusta, macerrima Ascorhynchus japonicus Nymphon benthos Ascorhynchus japonicus Achelia pribilofensis, Achelia sp.; Pycnogonum buticulosum. 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NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 98 Washington: 1949 No. 3232 MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA PRELIMINARY REPORT NO. 4: MONKEYS (PRIMATES), WITH TAXONOMIC REVISIONS OF SOME FORMS By Puiuip HersHKovitz Monxeys collected in northern Colombia by the author during his tenure of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship number 202 specimens. The genera of simians known to occur in the region are Cebus, Ateles, Alouatia, Aotus, and Marikina. Each of these genera is represented in the collection by one species. The greater part of this report is devoted to a taxonomic review of the whole of that group of the genus Cebus which includes the species collected. The other cebid genera, Ateles, Alowatta, and Aotus, are treated with more circumscription, as the taxonomic problems affect- ing them are less embroiled. The bare-faced tamarins, genus Mari- kina, which include the three species of northern Colombian marmo- sets, are revised. The remaining tamarins of the same genus, and the little lion-monkeys, genus Leontocebus, are also discussed and arranged by species. Nearly all pertinent type specimens preserved in this country, in London, and in Paris have been examined. For permission to study this material, as well as for the loan of specimens from various Ameri- can institutions, the author expresses his thanks to the authorities of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, the British Museum (Natural History), the American Museum of Natural History, the Chicago Natural History Museum, the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Harvard University, and the Carnegie Museum. COLOR TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Capitalized color terms are from Ridgway (Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, pp. vi+44, 53 plates, 1912). The following 323 324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 abbreviations represent the institutions whose collections of monkeys were examined: A.M.N.H.=American Museum of Natural History, New York. B.M. = British Museum (Natural History), London. C.M. =Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. C.N.H.M.=Chicago Natural History Museum. M.C.Z. =Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge. M.N.H.N.= Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. U.S.N.M. = United States National Museum, Washington. GENUS CEBUS ERXLEBEN: MICOS AND MACHINES The 66 micos collected in northern Colombia are referable to Cebus albifrons. No other species of the genus occurs in the area. Other species of Cebus found elsewhere in Colombia are C. capucinus, C. nigrivittatus, and C. apella. The last species mentioned represents a section of the genus hereinafter referred to as ‘‘tufted.’’ The others compose the “untufted”’ section. Before listing the forms collected, it is necessary to characterize each of the representative species of the genus Cebus and to establish the bases for the nomenclature adopted here. The more recent publications on the subject, being those currently accepted as guides to characters and nomenclature of the species of Cebus, are critically reviewed. The status of each of the names correctly or incorrectly applied to an ‘‘untufted’’ Cebus is examined. The status of each of the named forms of “tufted”? Cebus will be dealt with in a report being prepared by Dr. Remington Kellogg. CHARACTERS AND COMPARISONS OF “UNTUFTED” AND “TUFTED” SPECIES Attempts to separate “‘tufted’’ from “‘untufted”’ cebids on the basis of cranial characters have never been wholly satisfactory. Tate (1939, p. 210) offered a table of comparative differences in skulls of the two groups. He pointed out, however (p. 209), that the differences are relatively small and that characters that hold for one sex are sometimes invalid for the other. Certain of these differences have been found to have a qualified and relative value when applied to present material. The character referring to the sagittal crest appears to be valid; that of the structure of the mandible holds in most cases. Characters referring to the relation of the maxillomalar suture to the lower margin of the orbit, and to the dimensions of the external narial opening, lose significance in present examples. The character of width of pterygoid fossa as given by Tate is too relative. Restated, however, that character forms parts of a more complex difference between the two groups of Cebus. Cranial characters distinguishing the groups are given in the following tabulation. MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ 325 ane], panics Mush, alt Wing IM by jf Wig COZ poh y Y xe 4\, yh Ayvayws han oy 4 ei = Y SLE Myst ww0—~ Ficure 52.—Head patterns of Cebus: a, C. albifrons; b, C. albifrons (female with moderately developed superciliary brush); ¢, C. capucinus; d, C. nigrivittatus; e, f, C. apella with prominent and moderately developed tufts, respectively. 326 “UNTUFTED” capucinus, C. nigrivittatus) (Pls. 15, a; 16, a) 1. Temporal ridges weakly developed, more or less parallel-sided, never con- verging to form a sagittal crest. 2. Bony rings encircling orbits joined at roots of nasals to form well-defined, nearly horizontal superciliary ridges. Frontals above orbits plane or slightly rounded in males, more rounded in females. (Cebus albifrons, C. 3. Brain case relatively low, dolicho- cephalic. 4. Ramus of mandible in males comparatively low, depth from condyle usually less than length of C—M°; in females, mandible weaker with ramus relatively lower. 5. Vomer situated more posteriorly, the vertical plate nearly always well ex- posed behind plane of posterior border of palate; wings of vomer heavy, little, or not at all separated from each other, the presphenoid, if present, not visible from ventral aspect. 6. Pterygoid fossa and _ posterior narial openings wider, the internal pterygoid plate and hamular processes tending to converge. None of the above characters are absolute. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 “TUFTED” (Cebus apella) (Pls. 15, b; 16, 6) 1. Temporal ridges more developed, convergent, in old males uniting to form a sagittal crest. 2. Superciliary ridges weak or obso- lete; temporal ridges rising obliquely up and back from bony rings of orbits to define a triangular-shaped forehead in adult males and old females. Frontal region above orbits always forming a convex eminence with a pronounced vaulting in females. 3. Brain case more vaulted, dolichocephalic. 4. Ramus of mandible in males com- paratively high, depth from condyle usually more than length of C—Mj; in females, mandible generally as in males of “untufted” but with ramus averaging relatively higher. 5. Vomer situated more anteriorly, the vertical plate hardly, or not at all, exposed behind plane of _ posterior border of palate; wings of vomer more delicate, well spread, revealing a pre- sphenoid (normally distinct but may be fused to basisphenoid, especially in old males). 6. Pterygoid fossa and narial open- ings narrower, the internal pterygoid plates more nearly parallei-sided, the hamular processes tending to diverge. less It is believed, however, that any normal adult skull selected at random can be correctly classified by a judicious determination of which set of cranial charac- ters best applies. This, taken together with external characters given below, should be ample for positive identification. *UNTUFTED” capucinus, C. nigrivittatus) (Cebus Ce albifrons, 1. Frontal tufts normally absent in males; when present in females, placed well forward and in form of superciliary brush or frontal diadem with the long, erect hairs radiating from midfrontal “TUFTED” (Cebus apella) 1. Frontal tufts usually present in adults of both sexes; tufts may be paired with one on each side of crown in form of “horns,” ridges, or lines of short erect hairs, or as a single brushlike MAMMALS OF NORTHERN region and of same general coloration as rest of forehead. (Fig. 52, b.) 2. Cap of crown, in males and untufted females, broad or narrow, rounded in front or pointed, greatest width from one-third to nearly total distance between ears. A midfrontal line or wedge of dark hairs to root of nose present or absent. (Fig. 52, a, c, d.) 38. Dark preauricular band absent; sides of face, chin, throat whitish to brown, rarely with darker streaks on 327 COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ topknot or transverse ridge; never in form of thin superciliary brush or diadem; color of hairs of tufts, at least terminally, like coronal cap and con- trasting with pale superciliary banc, if present. (Fig. 52, e, f.) 2. Cap of crown always broad, never acutely pointed or wedge-shaped in front, greatest width nearly equal to distance between ears. A midfrontal wedge, never a line, of dark hairs to root of nose often present. (Fig. 52, e, f.) 3. A contrastingly dark preauricular band on each side of face usually present; the bands normally extending cheeks. (Fig. 52, a—d.) from cap to under chin where they may unite. (Fig. 52, e, f.) Number of lumbar vertebrae has often been cited as distinctive for each group or, at least, for certain species of each group. Members of the ‘‘tufted” group are said to have five lumbar vertebrae, and six are attributed to the “untufted” species. The followimg number of vertebrae have been noted in each of the available skeletons in the United States National Museum collection: “TurrEeD” (C. apella, Matto Grosso, Brazil) No. 270360 2 7 cervical 12 thoracic 6 lumbar 3 sacral No. 270361 rot 7 cervical 13 thoracic 5 lumbar 3 sacral “UNTUFTED” (C. capucinus, Central America) No. 256742 Q 7 cervical 14 thoracic 6 lumbar 3 sacral No. 25310 = 7 cervical 14 thoracic 5 lumbar 3 sacral “UNTUFTED” (C. albifrons, northern Colombia) No. 281565 rot 7 cervical 15 thoracic 6 lumbar 2 sacral No. 281569 of 7 cervical 15 thoracic 5 lumbar 3 sacral No. 281570 e) 7 cervical 14 thoracic 6 lumbar 3 sacral No. 281606 oO 7 cervical 14 thoracic 6 lumbar 3 sacral Apparently the difference between “‘tufted” and “‘untufted”’ species lies in the number of thoracic vertebrae. However, too few specimens have been examined for affirming any real difference between the groups on the score of number of precaudal vertebrae. So far it can be said that total of combined number of thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae is 22 or 23 in “‘untufted,” and 21 in ‘‘tufted’”’ cebids. COMPARISONS OF CEBUS ALBIFRONS AND CEBUS NIGRIVITTATUS Among “‘untufted’”’ cebids, the black white-fronted Cebus capucinus of Central America, western Colombia, and western Ecuador is readily distinguished from all others. In color pattern of body, “‘untufted” 328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 Cebus albifrons partially resembles pale, or erythristic, members of the “tufted” group, while C. nigrivittatus could be confused with dark brown or blackish ‘‘tufted’’ monkeys. Superficial characters sepa- rating albifrons from nigrivitiatus are outlined below and may be of additional service in distinguishing them from “‘tufted’’ forms. Cebus albifrons (Fig. 52, a—b) 1. Cap in males (and females without superciliary brush or frontal diadem), usually well rounded, extending from crown to back of head, and broadly out- lined in front by whitish to buffy super- ciliary or transverse frontal band; height of superciliary band equal to about one- half distance between ears, and with or without a dark median line from cap to root of nose. 2. Back and sides of body more or less uniformly yellowish to reddish or brown; median dorsal band, if present, poorly defined; hairs uniformly colored or with bases paler and never with sharply contrasting paler tips. 3. Tail never blackish, upper side like back or with hairs punctulated, usually becoming paler terminally. 4. Hairs of outer side of forearm and foreleg uniformly yellowish to reddish or brown or gradually becoming paler from tip to base; sometimes with dis- tinct annulations or paler tips; wrist, ankle, and upper surface of hand and foot not markedly darker. 5. Hairs of chest and belly usually paler than terminal portions of hairs of back. 6. Pelage generally smoothly ad- pressed and of a soft, silky texture. Cebus nigrivittatus (Fig. 52, d) 1. Cap in males (and untufted fe- males) smaller, narrower, triangular or wedge-shaped with apex in front, usu- ally restricted to crown and sharply outlined from sides of head; pale super- ciliary band narrower, height at mid- frontal line about one fourth or less dis- tance between ears and usually with a line or wedge of dark hairs from cap to root of nose. 2. Back and sides yellowish to nearly black, median dorsal band, when pres- ent usually moderately well defined; hairs at least of sides of back usually conspicuously annulated, the wide pale terminal bands contrasting with darker subterminal portions. 3. Tail above like back proximally, usually becoming darker terminally, 4. Hairs of outer side of forearm and foreleg dark brown or gray basally or subterminally, sharply paler terminally; wrist, ankle, and upper surface of hand and foot usually contrastingly darker, or blackish. 5. Hairs of chest and belly usually darker than terminal portions of hairs of back. 6. Pelage generally lax and of a coarser texture. In general, C. albifrons is delicately built and brightly colored, with forearms, legs, and tail never blackish as in the “‘tufted’’ species. In contrast, nigrivittatus is larger, more robust and somberly colored, and approaches the ‘‘tufted’’ forms in color of limbs and tail. Its skull is larger and more dolichocephalic than that of albifrons. Amore detailed description of Cebus albifrons is given later under specific and sub- specific headings. MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ 329 REVIEW OF RECENT LITERATURE Three species of ‘‘untufted” micos are identifiable. First, Cebus capucinus Linnaeus, 1758. It is distinguished from all others by the uniformly black pelage on crown, back, sides, tail, and limbs contrasted with the whitish to buffy face, forehead, throat, sides and front of neck, chest, shoulders, and inner and front sides of upper arms. ‘This mico is referred to in this discussion as the black white-fronted Cebus. The second species is Cebus albifrons Humboldt, or the brown pale- fronted Cebus. Its color is distributed in much the same pattern as in the first except that the black is replaced by a tone of yellowish to dark brown and the pale frontal area is warmer and more restricted in extension. The third “untufted” species is the much-misconstrued Cebus capucinus of authors (not Linnaeus), or Cebus nigrivittatus Wagner. This is also a brown monkey but usually darker than the second, tending to blackish on the much smaller, wedge-shaped cap, middorsal line, hands, and feet. In addition, the contrastingly pale front of the first and second species is here much less, or hardly at all contrasting, and is extremely restricted in area. The ‘‘tufted”’ group is represented by a single species in Colombia, Cebus apella Linnaeus. It is doubtful if more than one species of ‘‘tufted’’ Cebus can be recognized at any one locality. In his review of the Primates, Elliot (1913, p. 77) listed 24 forms of Cebus, of which 20 were given full specific rank. In his key Elliot sorted these into two major groups, ‘‘A. Head without tufts on male.” and ‘‘B. Heads with tufts or ridges on male.’ Cranial characters exclusive of measurements were not used in the key or in any of the descriptions of recognized forms. This arrangement does not convey the true characters of the monkeys involved, nor does it necessarily correspond to established concepts of what constitutes a ‘‘tufted”’ or ‘“untufted”’ species of Cebus. All forms listed by Elliot in his group “B” are indeed ‘tufted.’ However, his group ‘‘A”’ includes names of three truly “‘tufted’’ cebids, though the tufts may not have been obvious in the material examined by Elliot, or they may have been overlooked at the time he composed the key. The three are Cebus apella, Cebus frontatus, and Cebus variegatus. The type specimens ot frontatus and variegatus were examined by the writer and found to be ‘‘tufted.” Elliot’s description, in the text, of each of these forms conforms to the definition of a ‘‘tufted’’ Cebus in spite of their inclusion in the “‘untufted”’ section of his key. The description and comparisons of C. apella given by Elliot (pp. 80-82) also show clearly that it is a tufted Cebus. On the other hand, Elliot’s synonymy of apella is a composite of ‘‘tufted’” and ‘‘untufted’’ cebids. His citations of synonyms of ‘‘tufted’”’ monkeys include apella Erxleben, fulvus Kerr, apella Humboldt, griseus Desmarest, apella Wagner, pucherani [sic] 330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 Dahlbom, hypomelas Pucheran, annellatus Gray, fallax Schlegel, and a number of general references. Elliot had examined whatever types existed of the above-named forms. ‘‘Untufted’’ forms included by Elliot in the synonymy of apella are nigrivittatus Wagner and olivaceus Schomburgk. Elliot did not see the types of either of these and he discussed only the secoad. His interpretation of the original descrip- tion of olivaceus led him to believe that it was ‘‘tufted’’ and similar to apella and fatuellus, but nearer the first. From the foregoing it is evident that what Elliot described as C. apella and the types he actually examined and believed to be synonyms of apella are indeed ‘“‘tufted”’ monkeys and may be designated as Cebus apella. On the other hand Elliot erred gravely in assuming that Cebus capucinus of authors (not Linnaeus) was equivalent to Cebus apella. These “‘authors’’ (discussed in the following section) painstakingly differentiated between the “tufted’? monkey which they identified as C. apella and the brown “untufted’? monkey which, for lack of any other available name, they termed C. capucinus. It should be understood that early authors based their identifications mainly on the 1766, or twelfth, edition of the ‘Systema Naturae”’ of Linnaeus and on the thirteenth, or Gmelin edition, of the Linnaean work. Since all other true cebids, namely, apella, trepidus, and fatuellus, of these editions are patently “tufted,” authors settled upon capucinus (not capucinus, 1758) as representing the “untufted” form. As some of the specimens upon which these determinations were made are still extant, Ellot’s opinion regarding the identity of capucinus of authors is unadvised and has created confusion that will long survive in some quarters. In 1917 Cabrera published notes on Cebus. These documents were at the same time a critical review of Elliot’s contributions to the same subject and an attempt to organize the components of the genus into a natural order. In this Cabrera succeeded in correcting the more serious errors into which Elliot had fallen and in offering a sound foundation, the first such, upon which to establish a clear understand- ing of the true relationships between the species of Cebus. In his paper Cabrera immediately affirmed the ‘tufted’ nature of Cebus apella and disengaged from its synonymy the Cebus capucinus of authors. For the latter, Cabrera established the pertinency of the name Cebus nigrivittatus Wagner. Cabrera’s classification of “un- tufted” cebids may be summarized as follows: C. NIGRIVITTATUS GROUP 1. Cebus nigrivittatus Wagner Sai Buffon C. capucinus authors (nec Linnaeus) Sajou male Cuvier Saiou brun femelle Cuvier Cebus griscus F. Cuvier (nec Desmarest) MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ 331 . annellatus Gray [a ‘‘tufted’’ Cebus] . pucherani [sic] Dahlbom . paraguayanus Reichenbach (nec Fischer) . apiculatus Elliot . apella brunncus Allen 2. Cebus olivaceus Schomburgk Sai variété B, Audebert C. barbatus Desmarest (nec E. Geoffroy) C. castaneus I. Geoffroy SMS ye ens) C. ALBIFRONS GROUP 3. Cebus albifrons Humboldt 4. Cebus gracilis Spix C. flavescens cuscinus Thomas . Cebus chrysopus [sic] Cuvier . Cebus aequatorialis Allen . Cebus versicolor Pucheran C. leucocephalus Gray 8. Cebus malitiosus Elliot “Im Oo ‘“UNTUFTED” NOT REFERRED TO GROUP 9. Cebus unicolor Spix (specimens not seen) C. flavescens Gray 10. Simia flavia Schreber (unidentifiable) 11. Cebus flavus Geoffroy (unidentifiable) 12. Cebus barbatus Geoffroy (unidentifiable) 13. Cebus albus Geoffroy (unidentifiable) 14. Cebus fuluus Desmarest The black white-fronted monkey was, of course, determined as Cebus capucinus Linnaeus (1758). C. hypoleucus Humboldt was treated as a synonym of the typical form and the following as races: limitaneus, imitator, nigripectus, curtus. Considerably more material available to this writer than to Cabrera has resulted in a consolidation of the 10 “‘untufted”’ species recognized as identifiable by Cabrera into the three species nigrivittatus, albifrons (with unicolor), and capucinus. Cebus fuluus Desmarest is untenable for reasons shown later. The next significant attempt to classify members of the genus Cebus was made by Tate (1939). He distinguished the two principal categories of cebids, the crested (‘‘tufted’’) and the uncrested (“un- tufted’). The last he divided into three groups, which are super- fically equivalent to those of Cabrera and the three ‘“untufted”’ species of this report. Unfortunately, Tate’s choice of names and the actual forms he referred to his several groups allowed for little of the excellent and conscientious work done by Cabrera. Whereas Elliot correctly described C. apella as “tufted,” though this is not apparent in his key, but incorrectly coupled that name with capucinus of authors, Tate arrived at the conclusion that apella was “untufted” 332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 and thus, of necessity, equivalent to capucinus of authors. There is not the slightest foundation for this conclusion either in the very references cited by Tate or in what early authors have actually identi- fied as apella and capucinus. The three groups of “untufted” cebids as arranged by Tate are summarized below. The equivalent nomen- clature of this paper is shown in brackets. Group 1, uncrested (Tate, 1939, pp. 211-213): C. apella apella [= C. nigrivittatus castaneus] C. griseus Desmarest [= “‘tufted” or C. apella Linnaeus] C. apella olivaceus [= C. nigrivittatus olivaceus]} C. apella apiculatus [= C. nigrivittatus apiculatus] C. apella brunneus [= C. nigrivittatus brunneus] C. apella malitiosus [= C. albifrons malitiosus] C. aequatorialis [= C. albifrons aequatorialis] Group 2, uncrested, ‘‘essentially Amazonian in distribution” (Tate, 1939, pp. 211-212): [in the order given] albifrons, gracilis, leucocepha- lus [not Amazonian], versicolor [not Amazonian], wnicolor [all the pre- ceding referrable to albifrons], flavus [unidentifiable], castaneus [a race of nigrivittatus and not Amazonian], variegatus? [‘‘tufted,’”’ not Ama- zonian], zanthosternos [‘‘tufted,” not Amazonian], robustus [“‘tufted,”’ not Amazonian], cuscinus [a race of albifrons]. On page 213, Tate listed flavus as a synonym of albifrons and, in addition to those mentioned above, added barbatus, albus [both unidentifiable], variegatus [without question mark], and leucocephalus Blainville [a Pithecia] as probably conspecific with albifrons “though representing in some cases geographical races.” Simia flavia Schreber was mentioned as ‘not certainly identifiable as Cebus.”’ Group 8, uncrested, ‘Central American division’ (Tate, p. 212), with the Colombian nigripectus [capucinus] and chrysopus [an albifrons of unknown origin but probably Amazonian]. The fourth or crested group of Cebus (Tate, p. 212) included species regarded as “probably best treated as subspecies of fatwellus Linnaeus.” By rejecting the first valid name, apella, Tate might have adopted the specific name trepidus Linnaeus, which has priority over fatuellus. Instead he listed trepidus (p. 213) as a subspecies of fatuellus. The brown uncrested or ‘‘untufted” Cebus nigrivittatus Wagner was also included in his crested division (p. 212). A revision of the genus Cebus presented as a doctoral thesis by Pusch (1941) is the ultimate in confusion. Nothing would be gained by reviewing the work here. References to Pusch’s use of names for “untufted” cebids are made in the text and in the synonymies on later pages of this work. The late Eladio da Cruz Lima (1945) has presented an excellent pictorial description of the Primates of Amazonia. His colored plates MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ 333 are good reproductions of living animals in natural settings. With regard to Cebus, Cruz Lima (p. 136) found it divisable into “three groups which respectively correspond to the forms apella, capucinus of authors and albifrons of authors.”” He further remarked that “‘it is difficult and risky to establish fixed bases for the differentiation of these groups in view of the unknown ranges of individual variation, but any layman who knows the fauna of the Amazon is able to distinguish them at first sight by external appearance. To this end, a method much better than the most detailed descriptions which would neces- sarily be based on fluctuating characteristics, we publish three plates illustrating the three groups, having used as models living, fully adult specimens, each representing more or less the average form (apella, Plate xx11; nigrivittatus, Plate xx111; gracilis, Plate xxtv).” In the text Cruz Lima referred to the work of Elliot, Cabrera, and Tate. He confessed having received Tate’s paper too late for critical comparison with his material. Consequently, he included unchanged many of Tate’s decisions in his own monograph. Unfortunately, Cruz Lima attempted, either innocently or in a spirit of conciliation, to harmonize his own views with those of the mutually contradictory conclusions of Tate and Cabrera. The unhappy result is that both his key and classification of Amazonian cebids distort his own expressed concepts of the real divisions of Cebus and their true interrelationships. The cited plate of Cebus apella shows the same animal that Cruz Lima, in accepting Tate’s classification, referred to as fatuellus in his section dealing with species and subspecies. He copied Tate further by listing trepidus as a subspecies of fatuellus. His key, which combines cranial characters given by Tate to distinguish ‘‘tufted” from ‘‘untufted” cebids, and external characters of these monkeys given by Cabrera, shows apella as “untufted’’! Cebus nigrivittatus, correctly figured, is listed as a distinct species, but the key shows it to be “tufted”! C. albifrons, unicolor, and gracilis are each keyed correctly as ‘“‘untufted”’ but are listed as distinct species. The figure of gracilis [=C. albifrons unicolor] shows its subspecific characters admirably well. TAXONOMIC HISTORY OF “UNTUFTED” CEBIDS Simia capucina Linnaeus (1758, p. 29). The description is indis- putably that of an “untufted’? Cebus. No locality was given, but capucina may be the black white-fronted Cebus of Central America and western Colombia and Ecuador. The color of the monkey as described and indicated in the wood cut cited by Linnaeus is too dark for any member of the albifrons group, while the form of the dark- colored portion of the crown excludes it as a member of the nigrivittatus group. Pucheran (1856, p. 34) attempted to identify this species, and Elliot (1907c, p. 227) repeated Pucheran’s discussion. The conclusion 334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 of both authors that Simia capucina is the black white-fronted cebid may be accepted. Their identification of Buffon’s sai a gorge blanche and of Humboldt’s hypoleucus with S. capucina is not valid, however. Other described black white-fronted monkeys are now generally held to be either subspecies or synonyms of C. capucinus. These are imitator Thomas, curtus Bangs, nigripectus Elliot, and limitaneus Hollister. Simia capucina Linnaeus (1766, p. 42). The primary reference is the same as for the Simia capucina of 1758, viz, “mus. Ad. Fr. 2, t. 2,” but the diagnosis is modified and the habitat, Surinam, is added. The next reference is to Brisson’s sapajou brun (“Regnum Animale,” p. 193, 1756). The detailed description that follows has only a superficial resemblance to that of the sapajou brun, the original of which was in the museum of M. de Reaumur, in Paris. The Linnaean description may have been based on an actual specimen or, more probably, composed on the basis of mounted specimens and published descrip- tions. In its totality the 1766 description is certainly not that of the Simia capucina of 1758. In certain respects the secondary description could apply to the “tufted” apella. In other respects, chiefly by omissions, it could apply to the brown “untufted’’ monkey that was identified by early post-Linnaean authors as Cebus capucinus but that, because of the homonymity, should be known as C. nigrivittatus. Elliot (1907c, p. 227) concerned himself with an attempt to identify the Simia capucina of 1766. He concluded that it was the same as C. apella, which according to his own description is clearly a “tufted” cebid. He was lamentably confused, however, in asserting that C. apella is the same that early authors had inappropriately identified as C’. capucinus. As is shown in the discussions below, these authors, all more versed than Elliot in the zoology and taxonomy of American primates, had consistently identified the “tufted” C. apella as C. apella and, sometimes, as C. fatuellus, a synonym of apella. Thomas (1911, p. 128), in attempting to fix the basis for C. apella, referred to Elliot as authority for its identity with capucinus of authors. While it may be arbitrary to regard the Simia capucina of Linnaeus, 1766, as a synonym of apella, the identity of C. capucinus of authors with C. apella is wholly untenable. Cebus capucinus Erxleben (1777, p. 48). The genus Cebus was here erected to accommodate several Neotropical species of primates including the ceboid capucinus, apella, trepidus, and fatuellus. Distinct genera were subsequently created for other species and the genus Cebus was left for those named above. No genotype was designated until Elliot (1907a, p. 560) did so by electing Simia capucina Linnaeus. The capucinus of Erxleben is a composite. It can be “tufted” or “untufted” and brown, black, or gray on back, head, tail, and limbs. MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ 335 In the synonymy of capucinus, Erxleben cited the references to Simia capucina Linnaeus 1754 and 1758, as well as the 1766 version of capu- cina and numerous other citations to black, gray, and brown monkeys which he thought differed little, if at all, from apella, a “tufted” Cebus. However, Opinion 91 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, which placed “Cebus Erxl., 1777, 44, type Simia capucina Linn., 1758a, 29” in the official list of generic names, automatically restricts the identification of Erxleben’s capucinus. Cebus capucinus, of authors. Soon after the generic name Cebus was reserved for the species listed above (see capucinus Erxleben), the specific name capucinus was adopted, erroneously, for the dark brown “untufted’’ Cebus of the Guianas, Venezuela, and northern Brazil. Humboldt (1812, pp. 324-325) described this species, his ‘“Matchi”’ of Caracas and Calabozo, under the name Simia capucina and distin- guished it from the ‘‘tufted’” apella. He was soon followed by E. Geoffroy (1812, p. 111), who also used the name capucinus for the dark brown ‘‘untufted” Cebus. Geoffroy included in the synonymy of Cebus capucinus the Sai of Buffon and of Audebert (fam. 5, sect. 2, pl. 4, 1797), both beyond a shadow of a doubt identical with the animal later described by Wagner as C. nigrivittatus. Cuvier (1820, p. 2, pl.) added an excellent colored figure of the dark brown “un- tufted” Cebus with the wedge-shaped coronal cap to the previous ones identified as Cebus capucinus by early post-Linnaean authors. Con- cerning this figure, the sajou brun femelle, Cuvier remarked, ‘‘C’est sans doute le Simia capucina des auteurs systématiques, si mon Sai est leur Simia appella [sic].”’ It is clear, however, that the name capucinus cannot be applied to the brown “‘untufted” Cebus of authors. Its use is restricted by the original description in 1758 to what is held to be the black white-fronted Cebus. It has already been shown, amply and repeatedly, by various authors that the capucinus of early post-Linnaean authors is equivalent to the conspecific nigriittatus Wagner and olivaceus Schomburgk. This was first indicated by Pucheran (1856, p. 34), then by Schlegel (1876, p. 191), by Cabrera (1917a, p. 227), and finally by Bourdelle and Mathias (1928, p. 188). Again, Cabrera (1939, p. 19) reviewed the history of capucinus of authors and affirmed its identity with C. nigrivittatus Wagner. Cabrera has gone farther, however, in asserting that Simia capucina Linnaeus, 1766, not 1758, must be regarded as the genotype fixed by Elhot (1907a, p. 560). That capucinus Linnaeus, 1766, is the same as capucinus of early authors is debatable. The primary reference makes it a synonym of capucinus, 1758, The secondary reference makes it a homonym, if the animal described is at all identifiable. Elliot, in designating the type of the genus Cebus Erxleben, gave only “‘Simza capucina Linnaeus.’ In his synonymy of capucinus as the genotype 336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 he cited Linnaeus, 1758, and Linnaeus, 1766. His other references (not known to Erxleben) make Elliot’s capucinus a composite of all species of the genus. Erxleben also cited both Linnaean references. His description and synonymy of capucinus are equally vague and all inclusive. As Erxleben’s capucinus has already been restricted (opinion 91) to the original Linnaean, or 1758, reference, it follows that the capucinus designated by Elliot as genotype must also be restricted to Erxleben’s citation of the same reference, namely, Simia capucina Linnaeus, 1758. Simia flavia Schreber (1774, pl. xxxib). The monkey is figured but not described in the text. The name may be the earliest available one for the albifrons group providing the figure could be positively identified as that of a Cebus. Except for its nearly white coronal cap, the figure might be identified with some of the paler representatives of the “‘untufted” group of Cebus such as unicolor and specimens at hand from dry areas of northern Colombia and from Trinidad. Nothing is known of the place of origin of the type specimen of flavia. In all probability the type was a menagerie animal, reared in captivity and with characters so abnormal, or so divergent from those of its nearest relatives in the wild state, that no justice would be done in attempting to compare it with other described forms or with normal individuals. It is here deemed best to agree with Cabrera (1917a, p. 232) in regarding Sima flavia as unidentifiable. It may be the same as Cercopithecus flavus Boddaert (‘‘Elenchus Animalium,” vol. 1, p. 59, 1784) said to be from ‘‘Guinea.”’ Cebus lugubris Erxleben (1777, p. 53). Described as “‘Magnitudo Capucint Totus niger. Facies ferruginea, cum circumferentia usque in pedes anticos. Est in wmuario Sereniss. Principis Hassiae, Cassellis. Mitis. A nemine descriptus, quantum video.’ Lesson (1840, p. 148) cited lugubris in the synonymy of “‘variété C,’’ of Cebus capu- cinus. However, Erxleben’s animal cannot certainly be identified with C. capucinus of Linnaeus or of authors, or even as a Cebus. Humboldt (1812, p. 335) had already recommended the suppression of the name lugubris (also morta, trepida, and syrichta) as unidentifiable. S[imia] Sapajus capucinus albulus Kerr (1792, p. 78). Kerr’s description of capucinus (sensu stricto) on the same page is that of a “tufted” Cebus, or C. apella, and albulus is said to agree with it in every respect except by its “having less hair around the face.” The complete description of albulus, however, is a composite of “‘tufted”’ and brown “‘untufted” cebids. The latter element of the composition is attributable to Kerr’s reference to the ‘‘Sai with a White Throat” described and figured in Smellie’s translation of Buffon’s Natural His- tory. The original sai a gorge blanche of Buffon and Daubenton is a dark brown pale-fronted Cebus, almost certainly the same as Simia MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ 337 hypoleuca Humboldt, an albifrons (see below). However, authors have heretofore regarded Buffon’s (and Smellie’s) monkey as a black white-fronted Cebus equivalent to Cebus capucinus Linnaeus, 1758. Thus, Simia capucinus albulus can be confused with any one of three distinct species of Cebus. It could be regarded as (1) a variety of C. apella, based on Kerr’s concept of capucinus, (2) a brown pale- fronted Cebus (albifrons) based on the reference to the “Sai with a White Throat,” and (3) a black white-fronted Cebus based on the misrepresentation of the sai a gorge blanche as such. To avoid this confusion, the name albulus is here restricted to Kerr’s concept of the species capucinus. Hence, albulus is either a synonym of C. apella or unidentifiable. The assumption that both the sai a gorge blanche and Simia hypo- leuca Humboldt are black (capucinus) rather than brown (albifrons) monkeys led Allen (1895, p. 186) to consider albulus an earlier name for hypoleucus. Pusch (1941, p. 191) identified one black white- fronted Cebus from Cartagena, and others without locality data, as C. capucinus albulus. This is untenable as albulus is not only un- identifiable as a true capucinus but its habitat was originally stated to be Brazil. Furthermore, Cartagena is within the range Pusch had already assigned to the typical race of C. capucinus. Cercopithecus flavus Goldfuss (Vergleichende Naturbeschreibung Saugethiere, Abt. 1, p. 74, 1809). The name was exhumed by Pusch (1941, p. 210) as representing a valid subspecies of the later described albifrons Humboldt. Pusch added barbatus Geoffroy, Brissonia Lesson, and “‘flavescens Reichenbach” to the synonymy of flavus, which he described as a uniformly pale monkey but with cap and back of head brown. Pusch had only a skuil of a menagerie specimen of unknown origin on which to base identification, diagnosis, distri- bution (Guiana), and synonymy. Goldfuss’ publication was not available, but Dr. Remington Kellogg kindly provided the writer with a copy of the original page containing the description of Cer- copithecus flavus. Here flavus is shown as an emended form of the name for “Der Gelbe Halbaffe. Simia flavia v. Schreb. suppl. t.51.B.”’ Goldfuss’ entire description is derived from the colored plate cited (see flamia Schreber, above). Simia albifrons Humboldt (1812, pp. 324-356). The name here adopted as the earliest valid one for the brown pale-fronted ‘“un- tufted’ Cebus. No specimen absolutely identifiable with albifrons has ever been recorded. This may be attributable to the absence of topotypes in any museum collection, to some vagaries in the original description, and to the nature of the individual, an animal reared as a pet, on which are based the main elements of the original descrip- tion. Nevertheless, the original description and comparisons empha- 338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 23 size the diagnostic characters of albifrons and render certain its identification and distinction from any other species of Cebus. Fur- thermore, the name albifrons is based on monkeys seen by Humboldt in their native habitat. Thus, it is mandatory to regard the brown pale-fronted Cebus of the upper Rio Orinoco region as the typical representative of this widely distributed species. Pusch’s treatment of albifrons is novel. He gave its distribution as “Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Bahia.” This range not only excludes the type locality but is wholly outside the range of the species. Pusch had no specimens of albifrons, but he listed as synonyms of it a miscellaneous collection of “‘tufted”’ cebids that have nothing in common with true albifrons apart from belonging to the same genus. Pusch’s bases for distinguishing ‘‘albifrons”’ from all other species of Cebus were his observation that other monkeys ‘‘arch their backs like cats while C. albifrons always maintains its back stiff and straight. It does not seem to climb upward for any great distance. It prefers, instead, a position with its head uppermost. When not grasping anything, C. apella always supports itself with its hands while sitting. C-. albifrons, on the contrary, prefers to lock its arms over its head while in a sitting posture. On the ground, C. apella chacoensis and C. albifrons walk with a quiet evenly paced gait, while the common apella (griseus group) scurries about restlessly with its back highly arched. The explanation for this may be that the latter species was better fed and the former feared its superior strength.’’ These compelling arguments for dis- tinction of the species concerned were based on the quoted author’s notes on menagerie animals of unknown origins. Simia hypoleuca Humboldt (1812, p. 336). The original descrip- tion (reproduced in full under the subspecific heading in this report) is obviously that of a brown pale-fronted Cebus of the albifrons group. Nevertheless, hypoleucus has been considered by most authors as identical with the black white-fronted C. capucinus Linnaeus, 1758. This error in identification was initiated and perpetuated by authors who either failed to examine carefully the original description of hypoleucus or did not distinguish between the brown capucinus of authors and the black white-fronted capucinus of Linnaeus, 1758. E. Geoflroy (1812, p. 111) doubtfully referred hypoleucus ( and Buffon’s sai & gorge blanche) to his ‘‘capucinus,” the brown species. Subsequent authors, notably Pucheran (1856, p. 34) and Elhot (1907c, p. 227), followed by indiscriminately regarding hypoleucus as identical with true capucinus! If Humboldt ever saw a true Cebus capucinus during the course of his travels in tropical America, he never revealed it in any of his numerous writings. He reviewed all species of Cebus known to him, and nowhere throughout the text of his accounts can be found any allusions to a black white-fronted monkey. All cebids described MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ 339 by Humboldt are of some tone of brown on back and tail. He dis- tinguished C. apella from C. capucinus of authors (nigrivittatus), and albifrons from these. The diagnosis of hypoleucus emphasizing the great extension of whitish on front of body (face, neck, chest, shoulder, inner and front sides of upper arm, and upper part of lower arm) was intended to distinguish this monkey from other species of the genus. Were hypoleucus black instead of brown on upperparts, that alone would have been sufficient for a diagnosis. The alleged identity of hypoleucus with C. capucinus led Goldman (1914, p. 99) to fix the type locality of the latter upon that of the former. In doing so no inquiry was made into the true status of hypoleucus, and no evidence was produced that black white-fronted cebids really occur in the region of the mouth of the Rio Sint. No such evidence exists to this day, but it is highly probable that both black and brown cebids do occur there. This probability has, un- doubtedly, contributed in large measure to the assumption that hypoleucus and capucinus are identical. To be different, Pusch (1941, p. 191) recognized hypoleucus as a valid subspecies of capucinus Linnaeus. Its range, on the basis of localities of specimens he assigned to hypoleucus (such locality records and his ‘‘Verbreitung”’ and the distributional maps of the forms he recognized do not always agree), is essentially the same as the one he gave to typical capucinus. To emphasize impartiality in regarding capucinus and hypoleucus as races of equal status living happily side by side, Pusch listed the female type and paratype of imitator Thomas in the synonymy of the first, and the male paratype in the synonymy of the second. In the same spirit, he apportioned three specimens of a series of five collected by Watson in Boquete, Panamé, to capucinus and the remaining two specimens to hypoleucus. Pusch did record a hybrid, without locality, not of hypoleucus and capucinus, as might be expected, but, strange as it may seem, of hypoleucus and the middle Amazonian gracilis. Cebus barbatus Humboldt (1812, p. 356). See discussion below, of barbatus Geoffroy. Cebus fulvus Humboldt (1812, p. 356). See discussion, below, of flavus Geoffroy. Cebus barbatus E. Geoffroy (1812, p. 110). On the basis of the original description alone, this form could be termed unidentifiable (cf. Cabrera, 1917a, p. 231). There is a mounted specimen in Paris, however, designated as the ‘‘type.”” It is No. 561 of the type catalog and No. 453 of the general collection of the Paris Museum (I. Geoffroy, 1851, p. 45; Rode, 1938, p. 231). The specimen was received through exchange from Temminck in 1812. The right side of body and tail is faded to dirty gray; on the left side the body is yellow, legs and 799565—49——2 340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 arms redder, tail dirty brown. The pelage is thick and curly. Seem- ingly the skin was not properly relaxed for mounting, and as a result the hair assumed curls and whorls that may have formed in the dry twisted and unprepared skin. The specimen is clearly that of an “untufted’’? Cebus, more probably of the albifrons than of the nigri- vittatus group. It was said to have originated in the Guianas, but the specimen itself is without locality data. Geoffroy’s synonymies make barbatus a composite species, since he cited the sajou gris of Buffon and Daubenton, a ‘‘tufted’’ Cebus (C. apella),' and the ‘Sai Var. A. Aud., fam. 5, sec. 2, fig. 6.”’ The cited figure 6 belongs to the Sai variété B of Audebert, not variéié A as given by Geoffroy. Cabrera (1917a, p. 227) identified the sai variété B of Audebert as O. olivaceus, here treated as a race of C. nigrivittatus. Desmarest (1820, p. 81) recognized the composite nature of Geoffroy’s descrip- tion and named the sajou gris, Cebus griseus. He then listed the restricted C. barbatus of Geoffroy with the reference to Audebert’s figure 6, as a distinct species. This procedure appears justifiable, as neither the type specimen of barbatus nor the cited figure of Audebert is the same as the sajou gris of Buffon and Daubenton. Unfortunately, Desmarest’s description is also composite. In addition to the sajou gris, he cited the sajow méle of Cuvier (1819, pl.). This last is an “‘untufted’”’ Cebus representing an extremely pale variety of C. nigri- vittatus. The embroiled nomenclature of the above forms may be set forth more clearly in the following summary: 1. The lectotype of C. barbatus Geoffroy, perhaps from the Guianas, is an ‘‘untufted’’ Cebus but otherwise unidentifiable. Its name is preoccupied by C. barbatus Humboldt. 2. Humboldt cited only the sajow gris as a basis for the name bar- batus. Consequently, C. griseus Desmarest, based primarily on the sajou gris of Buffon and Daubenton, is an absolute synonym of bar- batus Humboldt and both are equal to Cebus apella Linnaeus. No locality for either barbatus or griseus was given. 3. If Kerr’s names are valid, as they appear to be, then both bar- batus Humboldt and griseus Desmarest are antedated by Simia (Sapajus) trepidus fulvus, based strictly on the sajow gris. Allen (1895, p. 186) has shown fulvus Kerr to be a synonym of C. apella. Cebus flavus E. Geoffroy (1812, p. 111). This is probably an “untufted’’ Cebus. Beyond this, flavus is not certainly identifiable. The monkey, listed by Rode (1938, p. 231) as ‘‘Holotype,’”’ No. 562 1 The original figure of the sajou gris (1767, pl. V) is hardly identifiable. The description (p. 50), however, states clearly one external character of the ‘‘tufted,’’ or apella group, which is diagnostic, the black tipped hairs that ‘‘fermoit une bande sur chaque joue.’”’ In Buffon and Daubenton the sajous are equivalent to the ‘‘tufted’”’ Cebus, the sais to the “untufted.’’ Cabrera (1917a, p. 231) also quoted the description, but at greater length, to prove that the sajow gris cannot be identified with albifrons, olivaceus, or nigrivitiatus, Latreille (in Buffon, Hist. Nat., Sonnini ed., vol. 36, p. 280, 1804) saw the types of Buffon’s sajou gris and sajou brun ‘‘vivans & la ménagerie du muséum frangais.”” He assigned both to his Calltihriz apella (=Simia apella Linnaeus). MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ 341 (458), was brought to the Paris Museum from Lisbon, presumably in its present state, a mounted specimen with skull in skin. The individual is extremely faded with considerable portions of hair of underparts, head and face missing. It is said to have originated in Brazil. Being based on an actual specimen, flavus Geoffroy is not strictly the same as flavia Schreber, though the latter was cited in the description of the former. Cebus flavus may be identical with C. gracilis (= unicolor), also from Brazil, as Wagner (1855, p. 90) suggested. In any case, the question remains whether the specimen determined as flavus by Geoffroy is to be regarded as a type or simply as a specimen referred to the amended form of the name flavia Schreber. For some unknown reason the name flavus, or flavia, was prone to nomenclatorial accidents. Humboldt, in referring to Geoffroy’s flavus, wrote it as ‘Cebus fulvus.”’ This is a nomen nudum, as nothing that can be construed as a description accompanies this name, which appeared in published form a few months earlier than did the flavus of Geoffroy. Desmarest (1820, p. 83), because of a typographical error pointed out by I. Geoffroy (1851, p. 44), also listed flavus as fulvus. However, an earlier use of the name fulvus was made by Kerr (1792, p. 77), who described Simia (Sapajus) trepidus fulvus, a ‘“‘tufted’’ Cebus. Elliot (1913, p. 93) used flavus Geoffroy to replace the name barbatus, which has priority over it, and Pusch (1941, p. 193) listed flavus Geoffroy as a synonym of versicolor! Cebus albus E. Geoffroy (1812, p. 111). A complete albino. It was described as either a new species or as simply an albinistic variety. It has been variously considered a synonym of flavus and barbatus. Cabrera (1917a, p. 232) properly dismissed albus as unidentifiable. Cebus griseus Desmarest (1820, p. 81). See discussion, above, of barbatus Geoffroy. Cebus fulvus Desmarest (1820, p. 83). See discussion, above, of flavus Geoffroy. Cebus unicolor Spix (1823, p. 7, pl. 4). Described from Teffé, Rio Solimées. The type is a male and, judged from the description and colored figure, is a member of the albifrons group. Cebus gracilis Spix (1823, p. 8, pl. 5). From the same locality as umcolor. It is said to range from ‘“‘la ville de Rio Negro vers le Perou.” The description and figure of gracilis, apparently that of a female, differ little from those of wnicolor. In fact, the differences are no greater than may be observed between two individuals of the same series but of different age and sex. Specimens recorded by Tate (1939, p. 213), from the upper Rio Negro and the Casiquiare, as C. albifrons show a remarkably close resemblance to both gracilis and unicolor and may be classified as C. albifrons unicolor. Authors have generally used the name gracilis instead of wnicolor which has page priority, for the brown white-fronted Cebus of the Amazonian region. 342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 Cebus chrysopus Lesson (1827, p. 55). Based on the ‘‘sajou 4 pieds dorés ou chrysope’’ of F. Cuvier (1825, pl., 2 pp.). The specific name “‘Chrysopes”’ as originally proposed by Cuvier (text, end of second page) is nopbinomial; hence the use of Lesson’s Cebus chrysopus as the earliest acceptable designation. The original description was based on a living menagerie monkey that Cuvier was able to observe for a few days. The type was not preserved. It was said to have originated in ‘“‘)’ Amérique septentrionale.” I. Geoffroy (1829, p. 150) recorded specimens of Cebus, collected by Plée, under the name chrysopus. Plée had done some collecting along the banks of the Rio Magdalena, Colombia, and Geoffroy’s description fits the available specimens of Cebus from the west bank of that river, opposite the mouth of the Rio Cesar. These monkeys, however, differ in many respects from the description and colored figure of Cuvier’s sajou @ pieds dorés. Geof- froy was followed by others, notably Lesson (1838, p. 277), Schlegel (1876, p. 195), and Elliot, in referring the Plée specimens to chrysopus either as a distinct species or as a synonym of C. albifrons. Elliot listed the Plée specimens separately under albifrons and a few pages later (1913, p. 99) described them as representatives of chrysopus. Cabrera (1900, p. 78) and Lénnberg (1939, p. 23) saw some resem- blance between specimens from the Amazonian region and the colored figure of the sajou @ pieds dorés. Goeldi and Hagmann (1904, p. 48) synonymized both chrysopus and gracilis Spix (=wunicolor Spix) with Cebus albifrons on the basis of specimens believed to have originated in the upper Amazonian region. In his review of the species of the genus Cebus, Cabrera (1917a, p. 229) finally decided that chrysopus was probably natural to the tropical Colombian fauna, perhaps of the Cauca-Magdalena Valley. It can now be stated categorically that no Cebus agreeing with the description of chrysopus, with ample allow- ances for individual variation, occurs in the Cauca-Magdalena Valley or elsewhere in Colombia from which specimens of the albifrons group are at hand. On the other hand, the original figure of chrysopus shows greatest resemblance to Amazonian specimens referred to C. albifrons unicolor. As it is unlikely that the menagerie animal representing chrysopus can ever be positively identified with any wild living representatives of C. albifrons, it is best to relegate provisionally that name to the synonymy of wnicolor. Cebus Brissonii Lesson (1840, p. 155). The first reference in the description is ‘‘Simiolus ceylonicus, Seba, t. 1, p. 77, pl. 48, fig. 3.” Next is given the Cercopithecus flavus of Brisson (1762, p. 140) with the original Latin diagnosis quoted. These citations are followed by references to forms described or transcribed as flava [sic] Schreber, flavus Geoffrey, and fulvus Desmarest. The Seba and Brisson animals are probably the same, as Brisson also cited Seba. The monkey in MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ 3438 question may be a Saimiri. Humboldt (1812, p. 310) identified it as a Pithecia. In any case, Cebus Brissonii Lesson is preoccupied by Cebus Brissonii Fischer, 1829, an Ateles. Elliot (1913, p. 93) listed brissonii as a synonym of Cebus flavus Geoffroy, and Pusch (1941, p. 210) included it in the synonymy of ‘C. albifrons flavus Goldfuss.” Cebus versicolor Pucheran (1845, p. 335). Described as very nearly related to chrysopus. The type locality was given as ‘‘Santa-Fe de Bogota,’ Colombia. The name is applicable to the brown pale- fronted monkeys of the middle Rio Magdalena Valley. Cebus nigrivittatus Wagner (1848, p. 430). Based on specimens collected by Natterer and described by him in his unpublished notes. Pucheran (1857, p. 346) examined the type of nigrivittatus and com- pared it with versicolor. Schlegel (1876, p. 193), in discussing the identity and characters of “‘ Cebus capucinus Geoffroy,” indicated that C. nigrivittatus, as well as castaneus and olivaceus, is representative. The name nigrivittatus, adopted for the misnomer capucinus Linnaeus, 1766 (not 1758), may require revision if it can be shown that the conspecific olivaceus antedates it. Though frequently cited for the year 1847, the name nigrivittatus did not appear until 1848, the same year in which the description of olivaceus was published in the second volume of Schomburgk’s “ Reisen.” Both Schlegel (op. cit.) and Cabrera (1917a, p. 227; 1924, p. 131) considered the sajou mdle and the sajou brun femelle of Cuvier identical with capucinus of authors, or nigrivittatus. While the sajou brun is clearly the monkey known as capucinus of authors, the sajou mdle is difficult to identify with certainty. Its head, especially the form of the coronal cap, is like that of nigrivittatus; the color of the remainder of the body, however, resembles that of an albifrons. ‘This composite appearance is actually a common occurrence among menagerie monkeys. Desmarest based the name Cebus griseus (q. v.) partially on the sajouw male but primarily on the sajou gris of Buffon. Hence, the name griseus is not available for capucinus of authors. Reichen- bach employed the name paraguayanus for the sajou male. However, Reichenbach’s name is not only preoccupied by paraguayanus Fischer but is antedated by nigrivittatus Wagner as well. Pelzeln (1884, p. 11) identified capucinus of authors with Cebus nigrivittatus and added that the type of the latter was purchased from the Porocoto Indians in San Joaquim, upper Rio Branco. Cebus olivaceus Schomburgk (1848, pp. 246, 247). As originally described, and as appears in a topotype from Mount Roraima, olivaceus is a local form of C. nigrivittatus. Cabrera (1917a, p. 227) believed it to be closely related but specifically distinct from nigrivittatus. He had no specimens and arrived at this conclusion indirectly by assum- ing that olivaceus was the same as the sai variété B of Audebert. This 344. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 last may be identified as a pale race of nigrivittatus not necessarily olivaceus. Pucheran (1856, p. 34), in attempting to identify capucinus of authors, not Linnaeus, concluded that it was equivalent to olivaceus. He also called attention to the figure of ‘‘olivaceus” given by Wagner in supplementary volume 5 (1855, pl. 8), which he believed to be the same as C. castaneus I. Geoffroy. ‘The figure in question is that of a pale representative of nigrivittatus, ‘‘angeblich aus Colombien.”’ Later, Pucheran (1857, pp. 345, 352) modified his opinion. He thought, instead, that olivaceus and castaneus were the same but dis- tinct from capucinus of authors (nigrivittatus). ‘This reversal appears to have been a friendly gesture to Dahlbom, who had already bestowed the name pucheranii (q. v.) upon the capucinus of authors. The name olivaceus was published in the same year as nigriittatus. Cebus castaneus I. Geoffroy (1851, p. 46). A representative of nigrivittatus nearest, perhaps, to olivaceus. The type, sent from Cayenne in 1819, was mounted and now is in very poor condition. On the assumption that the monkey originated somewhere along the coast of French Guiana, it could hardly be synonymized with olivaceus, which, according to Schomburgk, does not occur anywhere below 3,000 feet in the Mount Roraima region. It most probably is the same as the British Guianan Cebus identified by Elliot and by Tate as Cebus apella apella. Cebus Pucheranii Dahlbom (1856, pp. 161, 165). A new name for the ‘Ce. capucinus Is. Geoff. St. Hil. non Linnaei. America meridi- onal.”” The name was proposed in honor of Pucheran, who ‘‘Simian capucinum Lin. a Cebo capucino Is. Geoffr. primus rite distinxit.”’ References to Pucheran’s views are given in the above discussions of capucinus and olivaceus. This last name, and nigrivittatus, have pri- ority over pucheranii for capucinus of authors. It will be noted, incidentally, that the description of pucheranii is included by Dahlbom in his ‘‘tufted” group. Hence, the name is in no case valid for that part of capucinus I. Geoffroy which is of authors but could apply to the three ‘‘tufted’”’ menagerie specimens listed by I. Geoffroy (1851, p. 46) under the name capucinus. Cebus paraguayanus Reichenbach (1862, p. 41, fig. 118). The description and figure are based on the brown “untufted” sajow mdle of Cuvier, while the name is taken from Fischer’s Cebus apella para- guayanus, equivalent to Azara’s ‘cay,’ a “tufted’’ form. Cabrera (1939, p. 34) discussed this subject fully showing the untenability of the name proposed by Reichenbach. Cebus leucocephalus Gray (1865, p. 827, fig. 4). A member of the albifrons group and generally considered a synonym of versicolor. However, leucocephalus is distinctly darker than versicolor and, ap- parently, representative of the dark brown albifrons of northeastern MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ 345 Colombia and western Venezuela. This has been shown by Osgood (1910, p. 32). Additional material together with the writer’s notes on the type bear out Osgood’s conclusions. The ‘leucocephalus Blainville”’ cited by Elliot (1913, p. 88) and by Tate (1939, p. 214) as conspecific with Cebus albifrons is Pithecia leucocephala Geoffroy and not Cebus leucocephalus Gray. Cebus flavescens Gray (1865, p. 827). Elliot (1913, p. 91) disposed of the name flavescens in the synonymy of unicolor, and there is no reason for disputing his argument for doing so. Thomas (1901, p. 180) declared that “there seems to be some evidence that it [flavescens] has been obtained by Wallace on the Rio Negro.” Cebus flavescens cuscinus Thomas (1901, p. 179). The southern- most representative of the albifrons group. Cebus apiculatus Elliot (1907b, p. 292). (9ZIS I nqeu) SN gar) a[eul Jjnpe fo s][nys fo N A JUOL 15 98 PLATE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 5 =) W Y) 2 > s ere ae ~ d mee petty Dip Yy : 2 EZRERS’ BO} \ LILLE S EZR § 5 Ses skwoo]| 3 = Si Oi eget iat Ngo Ficure 55.—Hyobranchial apparatus of adult red howler, Alouatta seniculus seniculus (natural size): 4, Male apparatus with bullar and tentorial chambers of hyoid bone (os basihyale) indicated; B, female hyoid bone. Fusion of thyreoyhal bone and cornu (not found in seniculus, cf. straminea o, fig. 56) form the ‘‘cornu majus” of human anatomy, i Female hyoid considerably smaller, less inflated, hence more rec- tangular in outline; whole inner surface, of bulla and tentorium com- bined, smooth and without partitions; cornicula slightly more project- ing than in male but hardly, or not at all, swollen basally; rim of opening plane, not sloping inward asin male. Dimensions of smallest female hyoid examined, approximately 22 by 38 mm., of largest, 27 by 45mm. Volume of largest female hyoid between one-fourth and one-fifth that of largest male hyoid. Variation.—Size and shape of hyoid vary individually and with age. Dimensions are roughly proportional to those of the space 395 MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ DyO110 'y pes DyDI104 "y g *(azis jeanqeu %) vyonojp snuss ‘s1ajmoy yNpe Jo souog ptody Jo sqoadse Joloysog—9¢ TANI ) ) 3} okos50'y Inqezjeq jngazjeq'y “SUBNWD|D OOSNy"y Deulwoas 4 g ? ‘WH 24] ~*~ wnynaius09.--11 Owlseb}u jnqszjaq-y SUD}WO]D D9SNy"Y DaUIWO.s SNINIUES"Y Par sninowues"y 396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 between mandibles, but apparently growth of hyoid in a dorsoventral direction is not seriously impeded and may continue indefinitely. Individual peculiarities of pitch, range, timber, and volume of voice of any one howler is reflected by corresponding peculiarities in struc- ture of its hyoid. Most differentiated portions of hyoid of senzculus are tentorium, outline and diameters of opening or mouth, the area immediately bordering it, and internal wall of bulla. In males, outline of lamina of tentorium between articular depressions sub- circular, oval, crescentic, rectangular, square, triangular, or trape- zoidal; surface of lamina convex, plane, or slightly concave, sometimes bilobed; lower border of lamina plane, curved inward, or slightly outward; outline of edge of lamina even, scalloped, or with a slight median incision or projection; dorsal surface of tentortum rounded, flat or angular. Lateral borders of hyoid from articular depressions of tentorium to cornicules may be inflated or compressed, rounded, flat, or angular and with or without ridges and furrows; cornicules moderately developed or obsolete, their bases strongly inflated or slightly burled; inner surface of bulla crossed by numerous anastomo- sing ridges and trabeculae or traversed by only a short midventral line; inner lateral bony partitions of tentorium variable in develop- ment. It may be said, in short, that the male hyoid is a considerably more flexible structure than has been supposed and its development is influenced much more directly by exercise of muscles and chords attached to it than by the genetic constitution of the individual. Female hyoids are much less specialized and correspondingly less variable in size and structure. Hyoid bones of very young individuals lack tentoria, and hyoids of half-grown males resemble those of adult females. Additional material may prove that characters of the female hyoid are much more reliable for determining real differences and relationships between species of howlers. Hyoids of red howlers collected in various localities of northern Colombia vary in the same order individually and geographically. External and cranial variations of these same howlers also reveal no constant local differences. ALOUATTA PALLIATA Puate 17, d; Ficurzs 56, 57 Description.—Hyoid bone of adult male A. palliata is even smaller than that of female A. seniculus. Greatest width and depth of smallest and largest hyoid specimens at hand, both of fully adult males, are 22 by 33 and 27 by 38 mm., respectively. Entire posterior face of apparatus open with diameter of flaring mouth exceeding depth of shallow conelike bulla. Feature corresponding to tentorium in seniculus is here simply a broad extension or lamina, without infolding, 397 MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ (azis [einjeu %) vyvno]P snuas ‘sia]MoY INpe jo sauog prody jo saryoid eisyeJ—*/¢ TANI] pDyDIyiod “vy DWissebIU jngszjag ‘y SUDJIWD]D DOSNy *y DeUIWDJJS SninoUEesS “YW 4 é ) 5 DjDIJDd “vy pkpad9 ‘y jngezjeq ingezjaq “y SUD}JIWD]D DISN} “Y OQUIWDIS SNinoiuas “y Y 7 9 9 v Ne SO 398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 of dorsal wall of hyoid bone. Each corner of tentorium projected into a broad cornu for connection with thyreohyal. Near each lower corner of opening a well-developed corniculum for attachment of stylohyoid ligament is present. Inner surface of bone smooth, un- marked by the ridges, or trabeculae characteristic of male hyoid of seniculus. Resemblance between male and female hyoids of A. palliata is much ereater than that between hyoids of the two sexes of A. seniculus. Nevertheless, in both species relationship between sexes in size of hyoid bones is about the same. Greatest width and depth of one female palliata hyoid, 14 by 27 mm.; simple tentorial plate less de- veloped than in male hyoid, its superior margin concave; cornicules prominent but only slightly projecting, bulla more saclike, opening less flaring than in male hyoid. OTHER SPECIES OF HOWLERS Fiaures 56, 57 Hyoids of A. belzebul and A. fusca resemble that of A. seniculus but are less specialized. ‘The figure of a male hyoid bone of A. beniensis Lénnberg (1941, pl. 3, figs. 6a—b), does not reveal important differences by which it can be distinguished from hyoids of the seniculus type. The described external and cranial characters of beniensis indicate that it may best be regarded as a subspecies of A. fusca. Similarly, A. nigerrima Lénnberg (op. cit., p. 33), judged by external and cranial characters of two females from Lago do Baptista, east side of the lower Rio Madeira, appear to represent a wholly black race of A. belzebul. The hyoid bones of both females are available and show agreement in important characters with that of a male hyoid of A. belzebul from Ilha de Marajé. The hyoid bone of A. caraya differs considerably from those of the seniculus and palliata groups. Characters of hyoid bones of the various species of howlers, based on available material, and figures and descriptions of hyoid bones supplied by Ihering and Lénnberg are summarized as follows: 1. A. seniculus group. a. A. seniculus seniculus, Male: Hyoid large, tentorium inflated to form large chamber with bony lateral partitions; cornua absent, tentorium with well-marked articular depression for thyreohyal; cornicula reduced or obsolete; rounded mouth of bulla relatively small, constricted at rim; inner surface of bulla parted by at least a midventral line or bony ridge. Female: As described ia text, p. 394. b. A. seniculus straminea. Male: As in seniculus (“‘a’’ above) but short stalklike cornua with rounded articular surfaces present; mouth of bulla smaller, its trans- verse diameter greater than sagittal diameter. Female: As in female seniculus but tentorium less inflated, cornicula well developed, long, projecting, and tapering to a point. MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSHKOVITZ 399 c. A. belzebul belzebul. Male: As in male seniculus but mouth of bulla larger, sagittal diameter about half greatest depth of hyoid bone, tentorium less developed, without lateral partitions; rudimentary cornua present; inner surface of hyoid nearly entirely smooth, d. A. belzebul nigerrima., Female: Asin female straminea but tentorium more inflated (as in female seniculus), cornua obsolete. e. A. fusca.§ Male: As in male belzebul but rudimentary cornua absent, articular depressions for stylohyal as in seniculus. Female: As in female seniculus but mouth of bulla larger, occupying about one-half or more posterior surface of drum; tentorium less modified than in seniculus, little inflated and hardly or not at all forming a distinet chamber. 2. A. caraya Male: Smaller than in A. seniculus group; mouth of bulla large, occupy- ing more than one-half posteroventral surface of hyoid; rudimentary tentorium an extended plate with dorsal edge slightly bent or folded posteriorly but not inflated and without lateral partitions; rudimentary cornua present; cornicula approximately as in seniculus; outer dorsal surface of bulla angular and arched; inner surface of bulla smooth. 3. A. palliata As described in text, p. 396. Remarks.—The most highly specialized hyoid apparatus is found in male A. seniculus. The female hyoid of A. palliata is least modified and may be nearest that of the ancestral type of howler. The male hyoid of A. caraya is intermediate. Here a rudimentary tentorium appears and from this type, the male hyoid of A. belzebul can be derived. The male hyoid of A. fusca is more specialized, its tentorium more inflated, and it shows a tendency to develop the trabeculae and partitions on inner surface of bulla noted in male hyoid of A. seniculus. Relationship between sexes in size of hyoid is about the same in all species and out of all proportions to sexual differences in external and cranial characters. Throughout, the female hyoid is less modified than that of the male. Greatest structural differences between the sexes are found in hyoids of A. seniculus, the least in those of A. palliata. GENUS AOTUS ILLIGER: NIGHT MONKEYS, OR MICOS DE NOCHE Ten specimens of night monkeys were secured in northern Colombia, Five are from Norosi, department of Bolivar, three from the Sierra Negra, Sierra de Perijé, the remaining two from El Orinoco, Rio Cesar. Each series differs markedly in many external and cranial characters from the other two. Abundant comparable material 8 Subspecies of fusca include beniensis and clamitans (A. fusca guariba Ihering, preoccupied by guariba Humboldt, replaced by clamitans Cabrera, 1940 [antedates iheringi Lénnberg, 1941, also proposed as a sub- stitute]). 400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 available from intermediate localities and from surrounding areas proves, however, that these characters are simply variations of the individual or of its family unit and are not representative of the entire population of a given locality. Apart from individual differences, cranial variations correlated with growth, maturation and senescence of the individual, are most remarkable and defy all attempts to define them. Other than usual organic differences between sexes are not apparent. As a rule, a family unit consisting of adult male and female and, ordinarily, two young, nest together in the hollow trunk of a large tree. Any greater number of individuals, including more than two sexually mature individuals, living in the same nest, is more likely to be the result of inbreeding than of a fortuitous association. This is indicated by the uniformity in most characters within such a “series.” At the same time, the characters of such a ‘‘series’” may be strikingly different from those of other night monkeys of the same locality. The genus Aotus is monotypic. Humboldt (1812, p. 306, ed. 2) in describing Simia trivirgata, the first specific name proposed for the genus, remarked that it represented a new family of monkeys ‘que Von pourroit désigner par le nom d’Aotes.”” The name refers to an alleged lack of external ears in night monkeys. Later on in the description, Humboldt repeated his observation that the monkey in question belonged to a new family, or perhaps to a “nouveau genre de quadrumanes, celui des Aotes.”” Consequently, a number of authors (Jardine, Palmer, Ribeiro, Strand, Simpson) have adopted Aotes as the generic name. However, Cabrera (1939, p. 6) rejected Aotes in favor of the more commonly cited Aotus Illiger on the ground that Humboldt used Aotes as a vernacular name. This interpreta- tion is not tenable. The vernacular name for night monkeys used by Humboldt is douroucouli, and the French vernacular of Aotes is rendered aétes. It is this last form, not used by Humboldt, that is “quoted” by Cabrera in his argument against the validity of Aotes as agenericname. An identical misquotation is given by I. Geoffroy (Voyage, la Venus, p. 48, 1855), and this may have been a source of Cabrera’s conclusions. The only basis for rejection of ve ee - i a} i *" we), es Sa. 7.w ale ! apie i voce Liat Tia NE Npaden ta sangette att Ayal m A ue intial \3P A.tow. Wk ir OAR APN, RNR ky a Pes Sate PRL Ph SEY 4 . sh LEAD acme po eae i i Ree e001 07 ue ena ih shake iia tepals | sy smprare Ata (omen, ayitglnt \vaily 0 oe ae Dash idobetiela Mivlohdoaabite att rita VASE) worAUO i , oust in wfeeeritouas i a ea LT AM ‘id ii LEpIRS ate te «ie 2 foe F ligdD compensa” : a pe ‘erent y Be coven Pheu! O23 oe te tout | origi to loavet ayia’ vit nies ras UR LL epee pn cen ea PoE males sliutwenginites fos AVY eels NONE HEL: SAS eoly alloxan Ric any ay eet" ana’> sseyov ol iicehaag: polliauset jo eoteriea" + ae AAT EC UCAS i REE Ua eae Site ivhenedgit. order Pon HG, Dyeadihe PAG eye elol ert lie 7 vi a th.c ere ea see ts eM apverin tise ‘ORT aaaliie ad. to sLintcaass akl Stel. ile eee! Pegi Bhs Sait taf vty, OF) ae, e ; —] “a9 OO Obred Om AoAva i casas ye “bpp ood) Fe ie iad te aor ive | oe Pir art alacant wert FOE hate ait ew hinges oh otdylt qenqu ror ll badiaedl eAg Wes ae ’ ube MIG) fries ne cep “% ig yo etsha 4 haeaHt: Les Ors , tout eth ag isles chia ici Dio nalts fet act) te slandiag od? 1108 aon emery Hike dish ie RHE Noes Gis bo wereld Le aed AIS aig \ vate earn eS hi totter ad et “nett ‘ 7 a Ma Sati peter seein eis Yo no oer sbt@amiee adi nO £803 ee eat ie / HO pote it a for LG thar Wwe 4 oes Me poly Bu . Nee Oke ns BORA Nest. Get int i. win! seo nots siete Let 0) Pam ie agent By ot (aky aioe? Meet Tit tu ‘tetralai ‘git OPS. ol ce gabManddle ad eves Coa a i Bie |) i, OOOT-33e8 7d g dattratriQ” apt eed eh Piaulipors sob sehknacel gue ankywiod het | my onl VE AS Soi) Ween! Cy and ne: ey p a bik P= GUb a 0" i mano rioe te Tul ivtevt PAB SRN Laue Ria ot ater saath a ’ i age Ola iva? © Jew Je eda s low Ionialt aatol, 2h aey j iat wulecdel wa it PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CINE CeO f ie \ Ae i ct: sph . a iy issued | BiKor, ap inetonee by the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 98 Washington : 1949 No. 3233 BEES FROM CENTRAL AMERICA, PRINCIPALLY HONDURAS By T. D. A. Cockrrett ? From October 1946 to April 1947 my wife and I were at the Escuela Agricola Panamericana, in the Zamorano Valley of Honduras. This is a broad valley about 2,600 feet above sea level, separated from Tegucigalpa, the capital city, by a ridge having about 5,000 feet alti- tude, a spur of Uyaca Peak; on the upper part is the rain forest, about 6,000 to 6,600 feet, where the wild form of the avocado is found and Professor Williams once saw that beautiful bird the quetzal. On the way toward the base of Uyaca Peak, perhaps a thousand feet above the Zamorano Valley, we came to Agua Amarilla, by some called Agua Maria. We numbered ail the species of bees collected, and the total ran up 0 225. These may not all be distinct, but there must be at least 200. I have dealt with over 100 but do not feel able to work up the num- erous species of Halictus, Augochlora, and other genera of small bees, These may have to await revisional work, taking into account the whole Central American fauna. I have been at a disadvantage because I supposed I should never again work on Neotropical bees and had parted with my whole Neotropical collection, partly to the U. S. National Museum and partly to the American Museum of Natural History. Also, since a recent illness, my eyes have not been as good as they were. The bee fauna of Central America is far from uniform. We ; 1 The manuscript was assembled by K. V. Krombein, Division of Insect Identification, Bureau of En- tomology and Plant Quarantine, after Professor Cockerell’s death, from notes and descriptions that had been received from time to time and had been allowed to accumulate pending completion of the study.— ©, F. W. MUESEBECK. Siseno 403 429 430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 observed great differences due to altitude, and the accompanying difference in the flora. Thus on February 9 a group of collectors worked at over 5,000 feet on Mount Uyaca and got about 18 species not observed in the Zamorano Valley. Cresson’s catalog of 1879 lists 152 species of Central American bees, mostly from Mexico. But Friese (1916-1921) lists 243 species from Costa Rica, and of these only six are Cresson species. It is natural to suppose that Friese had more of the Cresson bees but failed to recognize them, but comparison of the descriptions does not suggest that this is the case, at least to any important extent. Iam told that somewhere about the Nicaragua—Costa Rica border there is a marked change in the flora; but also I think most of the Friese species (he has 164 new) were obtained near sea level. The Honduras collection appears to include a considerable proportion of new species, with very little in common with the Costa Rican fauna but, as would be expected, more resemblances to that of Guatemala. Prof. T. B. Mitchell kindly reported on my Honduras Megachile, and found eight species, of which two, those most numerously repre- sented, appear to be new. These eight species are placed in seven subgenera, only one subgenus (Chelostomoides) containing more than one species. The problem of subspecies or races in the Neotropical region is a complex one and can never be dealt with adequately until we have long series of specimens from many localities. In the Seitz volume on American Rhopalocera there are some very striking statements about Erycinidae and Morphidae, indicating that the local races are almost infinitely numerous. It is considered impracticable to describe and name all these races, but one who knows them well can tell where a particular butterfly came from. Dr. J. Bequaert has very kindly identified the diplopterous wasps from Zamorano, and I give a list of species below. After receiving the first consignment (of 14 species) Bequaert remarked, ‘The wasp fauna is almost exactly that of the coastal lowlands of Honduras, where I collected (Puerta Castilla).’”’ Thus the species of Diploptera appear to be more constant than those of bees, more widely distrib- uted, and less affected by altitude. WASPS OF ZAMORANO Polistes instabilis de Saussure. Polistes carnifex Fabricius. Polistes canadensis Linnaeus. Polistes fuscatus neotropicus J. Bequaert. Polistes major Palisot de Beauvois. Polistes oculatus Smith (new variety). Polybia simallima Smith. Polybia occidentalis Olivier. BEES FROM CENTRAL AMERICA—COCKERELL 431 Polybia occidentalis spilonota Cameron (also at Galeras). (This is a form with a 2-pronged pale spot on the mesonotum close to the scutellum; also all transitions to the typical race of the species, with entirely black mesonotum.) Brachygastra (or Nectarina) lecheguana Latreille (also at Galeras). Synoeca surinama Linnaeus. Synoeca surinama var. cyanea Fabricius. Parachartergus apicalis Fabricius. Stelopolybia areata Say. A large nest in a tree. Stelopolybia pallipes myrmecophila Ducke. Pachodynerus nasidens Latreille. Stenodynerus otomitus de Saussure (also at Galeras). Stenodynerus sp., not known to Bequaert. Rygchium cordovae de Saussure, at Agua Amarilla. Eumenes (Omicron) totonacus de Saussure. Also at Agua Amarilla. Mischocyttarus immarginatus Richards. At Agua Amarilla. Genus COLLETES Latreille COLLETES PERPLEXUS Smith Honpuras: Zamorano, December (W. P. Cockerell) ; Uyaca Peak, March. Described from Orizaba, Mexico. The thorax above has short, dense, bright ferruginous hair, and the abdomen has white hair bands. Genus PTILOGLOSSA Smith PTILOGLOSSA HONDURASICA, new species Female.—Length about 17 mm., anterior wing about 11, width of abdomen about 6; head and thorax black, abdomen shining olive- green; eyes not converging above; ocelli not enlarged; clypeus convex, shining, with coarse punctures and an indistinct median sulcus; scape shining black; flagellum obscurely brownish beneath; hairs of head grayish white; mesonotum and scutellum dullish, without evident sculpture, the scutellum with a median groove; area of metathorax shining; hair of thorax slightly pubescent (largely denuded) above, white on sides; tegulae testaceous; wings short, reddish hyaline; second submarginal cell narrow, pointed above; legs black, the tarsi reddish apically; hair of legs grayish, white on femora and venter, black anteriorly on the very broad hind basitarsi; first tergite with dense white hair at sides; third and fourth with fine white pubescence apically, the two apical tergites with dark gray hair; sides of venter with long white hair. Honpuras: Agua Amarilla, December 15. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58431. Allied to P. mayarum Cockerell, but that has the first tergite with abundant long fulvous hair, except at sides, where it is dense and creamy white, but on upper part of sides stained with sooty. The apical depressions of the tergites are grayish, with very fine white 432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 hair, especially noticeable at sides, and there are no golden bands, such as are found in P. mayarum and its allies. The hair at the sides of the thorax is entirely whitish, not partly dark as in P. mexicana Cresson. The ocelli are close together and not particularly large. PTILOGLOSSA WILMATTAE, new species Male.—Very robust, length about 17 mm., anterior wing 15, width of abdomen 7.5; dark parts black, not metallic; eyes converging above, approaching on vertex; ocelli large; mandibles black; clypeus honey color, shining in middle, with a short longitudinal depression; face with much pale fulvous hair; dense at sides; scape pale fulvous in front, flagellum black; thorax black, densely covered with red hair, on dorsum hiding the surface; scutellum densely and finely rugoso- punctate; area of metathorax shining on disc, with a median groove; middle and hind legs black, but front tibiae and tarsi pale fulvous; inner spur of hind tibiae curved; wings reddish hyaline; second sub- marginal cell small and narrow, coming to a point above; first tergite with a very broad bare basin, but all around it the surface is densely covered with red hair; second tergite with a broad black exposed band, but apical region broadly ferruginous; third and fourth tergites ferru- ginous, essentially bare; apical part of abdomen, and venter, with dense long red hair. Honporas: Zamorano, on Ipomoea, October 29 (W. P. Cockerell). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58432. This handsome species resembles P. buchwaldi Friese from Costa Rica, but that is regarded by Friese as a variety of P. ducalis Smith (eximia Smith), which is very different from the present insect. It does, however, resemble P. ducalis in the long marginal cell, which separates it from P. mexicana Cresson. P. eximia is from Mexico, and Schrottky had P. ducalis from Argentina and considered it a different species, contrary to the opinion of Friese. Genus PROSOPIS Fabricius PROSOPIS ALBIFRONTELLA, new species Male.—Length about 7 mm.; black, with white face and other markings; face rather narrow, white up to antenna, and on supraclyp- eal area, and slender white bands running up sides of front; labrum white; antennae black, more or less pale beneath; tubercles and scutel- lum white; wings dusky, pale at base, dark at costapical region; legs marked with white, the hind tibiae more than half white; abdomen shining with very conspicuous and sharply defined apical hair bands on first two tergites. Honpuras: Zamorano, December 14 (W. P. Cockerell). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58433. BEES FROM CENTRAL AMERICA—COCKERELL 433 By the white hair bands of abdomen this resembles P. gualanica Cockerell of Guatemala, but the white face and other characters are distinctive. PROSOPIS ZAMORANICA, new species Male.—Length about 4.5 mm.; black, with cream-colored markings; orbits converging below; face below level of antennae entirely cream color, the upper part of this broadly invaded by the antennal sockets, while narrow lateral face marks extend upward halfway up front; antennae long, the short scape light in front, the flagellum black, with a pale stripe on lower part; collar, tubercles and scutellum cream color; mesonotum entirely dull; area of metathorax shining, with strong plicae; tegulae dark, but shining; wings hyaline, slightly dusky, with no dark spots; legs mainly black, but hind tibiae broadly at base and basitarsi pale; abdomen slender and pointed, shining, without hair bands. Honpuras: Zamorano, January 22 (Adan Rivera). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58434. Related to such species as P. gualanica Cockerell and P. maculata Friese, which have a yellow scutellum, but differing in minor details. PROSOPIS RUFOCLYPEATA Friese Honpuras: Zamorano, January (Rua Williams). Described from San José, Costa Rica. This very small bee is easily recognized by its red clypeus. Genus ANDRENA Fabricius ANDRENA AMARILLA, new species Female.—Length about 11 mm.; black, with broad fulvous sutural bands at ends of first and second tergites, the first band partly on first tergite and partly at base of second, the second band on apical part of second tergite, and in middle about as wide as the black part before it; face rather narrow, the facial quadrangle much longer than wide; flagellum obscurely brownish beneath; clypeus shining, with distinct punctures, front and cheeks with long white hair; thorax above densely covered with long pale ferruginous hair; area of metathorax not ribbed; tegulae pale testaceous; wings yellowish, with very pale stigma and nervures; legs black, the tarsi reddish at end; hind basitarsi broad, with black hair on outer side; abdomen dullish, but the bands are shining; apex fulvous, but the hair surrounding the apex is white. This species appears to belong to the subgenus Pterandrena, and so is related to A. discreta Smith, from Oaxaca, Mexico, but that species has the abdomen ferruginous, with the base black. Honpuras: Agua Amarilla, December, four specimens. They had collected bright orange pollen, presumably from one of the Com- positae. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58435. 434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 ANDRENA VIDALESI, new species Male.—Length about 7 mm.; black, the clypeus (except two black spots) and lateral face marks (quadrate, filling space between clypeus and eyes with a very small extension upward along orbit) cream color; labrum and mandibles black; head large, face very broad, inner orbits shining; antennae black; thorax small, mesonotum shining, with scanty hair; tegulae dark; wings dusky, stigma large, dusky reddish; basal nervure interstitial; second submarginal cell smallest, parallel- sided, receiving first recurrent nervure some distance from end, and the second recurrent received by third submarginal about as far from its end; legs black; abdomen with narrow white hair bands on margins of second to fourth tergites. Honpuras: Zamorano, October (G. Vidales). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58436. This may be compared with A. agilis Smith, from Oaxaca, Mexico, but is distinguished by the lateral face marks, and the lack of long hairs on the thorax above. ANDRENA UYACENSIS, new species Female.—Length about 9.5 mm.; robust, black, the head and thorax above with ferruginous hair; malar space linear; process of labrum broad, polished; facial foveae broad but short, not separated from orbits; clypeus shining, duller at sides; head with dull white hair, noticeable on sides of face; flagellum obscurely brownish beneath; mesonotum and scutellum polished; area of metathorax shining, but posterior truncation dull; tegulae shining fulvous; wings not reddish, faintly dusky, more so in apical field; stigma small, nervures dark; second submarginal cell approximately square, receiving first recurrent nervure near end; third submarginal cell long; legs with the hind tibiae and base of their tarsi dull red; middle basitarsi large, broad, with black hair; abdomen dullish, margins of tergites very narrowly shining; second and third tergites covered at sides only with dull whitish hair; fourth tergite with an entire band of pale, slightly reddish hair, and entire apex densely clothed with the same. Honpvuras: Uyaca Peak, over 5,000 feet, February 9. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58437. This does not have the reddened wings and pale red nervures of A. amarula Cockerell. ANDRENA HONDURASICA, new species Male.—Length about 8.5 mm.; black, the head and thorax with long grayish-white hair; flagellum black, long and thick, reaching scutellum; clypeus produced, shining, with scattered punctures; mesonotum and metathorax dull, scutellum shining in front; wings clear, nervures dark brown; stigma narrow, marginal cell long, and apically narrowed; second submarginal cell small, parallel-sided, BEES FROM CENTRAL AMERICA—COCKERELL 435 higher than long, receiving first recurrent nervure at its apical corner; first submarginal cell long, a little longer than third; second recurrent nervure ending a short distance before end of third submarginal cell; legs black, slightly brownish apically, very slender, the hind legs especially long and slender; abdomen convex, shining, hind margins of tergites 2 to 4 with polished bands, not hairy, first tergite with a narrow band; depressed part of second tergite hardly a third of length of tergite; the bare abdominal bands have a yellowish, almost golden appearance, and there is a little white hair at extreme sides. Honpuras: Uyaca Peak, February 9. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58438. The following key may be of use in separating the Honduras species: INitailegtec = el So EE UIE OE ey ka ely et Spe at seep eT Pee Ses 1 Pemalests-e seri alk OU OR a ERR ria Roll ep Be SREB IS area mS Es 2 tphacetightivellow iat 22: se eee Se Ee vidalesi, new species Macesblacikww ret tess. Le sey oe ae ete Ch ee epee mee hondurasica, new species 2.4 Wings);red. and! nervures pale red_:_-- 4... eae amarilla, new species WiIngsiNOU Ted... 2-22-55 S21 eee ee eee uyacensis, new species Genus PSEUDOPANURGUS Cockerell PSEUDOPANURGUS RUFOSIGNATUS, new species Female —Length about 8 mm., anterior wing 6.2; black, robust, with dark fuliginous wings; head and thorax almost devoid of pubes- cence, abdomen with broad grayish-pubescent bands at bases of tergites 3 to 5, the apex densely pubescent and somewhat reddish, venter with thin dull white hair, not carrying pollen; hind tibiae and basitarsi with a large pale scopa, full of pollen; tip of antenna red; tongue long and slender, labial palpi not nearly as long as tongue; face and front dull, densely and coarsely punctured; thorax densely rugosopunctate, but a highly polished band just behind scutellum; axillae not produced, but metathorax angular at sides; tegulae black; basal nervure falling short of nervulus; stigma well developed; mar- ginal cell broadly obtuse at end, with an appendiculation; second submarginal cell very large and long, receiving the first recurrent nervure very far from its base, the distance being about as great as the basal width of the cell, while the second recurrent is received a moderate distance from the end; abdomen with the apical depressions of the tergites broad and polished, first tergite closely punctured. Honpuras: 8 km. west of Dos Aguas, October 27 (Vidales). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58439. A peculiar species, perhaps referable to a new genus. Genus HETEROSARUS Robertson HETEROSARUS AUREIFRONS, new species Male.—Length about 6 mm.; slender, black, the face up to level of antennae shining orange-yellow; the labrum, base of mandibles, and 436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 a stripe on scape yellow; antennae obscurely brown beneath; no light markings on thorax or abdomen; femora shining black, but knees, tibiae, and tarsi light yellow; tegulae black; wings hyaline, stigma large, pale brown, marginal cell truncate at end; first recurrent nerv- ure joining second submarginal cell far from base; abdomen long and narrow, shining, traces of white hair bands at sides. Honpuras: Zamorano, November (W. P. Cockerell). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58440. Panurginus costaricensis Friese is easily distinguished by the yellow tubercles, and P. parvulus Friese by the dull head and thorax. HETEROSARUS OPACELLUS, new species Male.—Length about 6.5 mm.; black with no light markings on thorax or abdomen; face below antennae light yellow, the lateral marks bulging upward at the sides (so that the upper margin of the yellow is not straight, as it is in H. aureifrons); antennae black, the scape with no light mark; mouth parts black; femora black; front and middle tibiae pale at base, hind tibiae black; tarsi more or less pale, the hind basitarsi brilliant white; thorax above dull, abdomen shining; tegulae dark; wings with the apical half dusky; stigma large, dark brown; nervures brownish, rather thin; second submarginal cell re- ceiving recurrent nervures about equally far from base and apex. Honpuras: Zamorano, October 19 (G. Vidales). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58441. By the dull thorax this species resembles Panurginus parvulus Friese from San Mateo, Costa Rica; P. parvulus was described from the fe- male, 4mm. long, and I do not believe it can belong with the Honduras insect. HETEROSARUS AESCHYNOMENIS, new species Female.—Length 6 mm. or rather more; entirely black without light markings; head rather broad, face dull; apical half of flagellum brown- ish beneath; mesonotum polished; tegulae black; wings dusky; stigma large and very dark; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell far from base, but second very near apex; abdomen flattened, shining, the first tergite highly polished; apex with pale hair. Honpuras: Zamorano, October (W. P. Cockerell), taken at flowers of Aeschynomene americana L. It was also found 8 km. west of Dos Aguas, October (Vidales). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58442. When I first examined this species I thought it was the female of H. opacellus, but the shining mesonotum and the position of the recurrent nervures make this impossible. HETEROSARUS ZAMORANICUS, new species Male.—Length about 6 mm.; black, with white markings; the broad BEES FROM CENTRAL AMERICA—COCKERELL 437 face white, including a supraclypeal band, and lateral marks broad below; region of mouth black; antennae black; a white spot on tu- bercles, but scutellum entirely black; wings dusky, the whole apical field darkened, not the costapical field alone; legs black; abdomen narrow, black, without bands. Honpuras: Zamorano, November 24 (W. P. Cockerell). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58448. This differs from Panurginus costaricensis Friese by the white face and from P. parvulus Friese by the larger size and the shining thorax. Genus CALLIOPSIS Smith CALLIOPSIS HONDURASICUS, new species Female.—Length about 6.5 mm., black, face marks white, faintly yellowish, consisting of a very large one on each side, pyriform, the large end downward, one side on orbital margin, and a rather wide median band on clypeus; antennae black, flagellum ferruginous beneath; hair of head and thorax scanty, dull white; mesonotum dull, with the median groove distinct, scutellum shining; tegulae dark, slightly brownish; wings dusky hyaline; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell about twice as far from base as second from apex; legs black, carrying orange pollen; abdomen broad, convex, entirely black, with short white hair bands at sides of tergites 2 to 4. Honpuras: Zamorano, December (Vidales). Also found near Agua Azul by Rua Williams (Mrs. L. O. Williams). Type:—U.S.N.M. No. 58444. Similar to the species of North America but distinguished by the face marks. Genus AGAPOSTEMON Guérin AGAPOSTEMON PROSCRIPTUS Cockereli Female.—Bright green, with bands of white tomentum on abdomen. GuaTEMALA: Antigua, December, two (Pelén). The type locality is Guatemala City. Honpuras: Zamorano, January 20 (Dorothy Wylie); also Decem- ber 17. A male, Zamorano, March (Adan Rivera) seems to belong here; it has the head and thorax bright green, the abdomen with five broad black bands (the last strongly greenish) alternating with yellow ones (reddened by cyanide in the specimen). ‘The mouth parts are yellow, and the long flagellum is orange beneath and black above; the legs are yellow, including the femora, but the middle tibiae have an elongated black mark near the base, and the hind knees are black. In Vachal’s key this runs nearest to A. radiatus Say. It is perhaps to be considered a subspecies of radiatus. However, the abdomen of this male has five yellow bands (six in A. radiatus). 818672—49 9 438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 AGAPOSTEMON MELANURUS, new species Female.—Length about 9 mm., anterior wing 6.3; head and thorax emerald green; abdomen pure black, the bases of the tergites with sharply defined bands of white tomentum; hair of head and thorax thin, dull white; a band on clypeus, and large spots on bases of mandi- bles, very pale yellowish; labrum black; flagellum reddish beneath except basally; mesonotum dull and rough, scutellum shining, area of metathorax conspicuously striate; tegulae reddish, with a yellow spot; wings dusky hyaline, stigma dull reddish; legs black, small joints of tarsi reddish, anterior and middle tibiae reddish in front, also apex of their femora; posterior truncation of thorax with transverse ridges. Honpuras: Zamorano, October 24, at Sida acuta (W. P. Cockerell). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58445. Related to A. virescens Fabricius, but abdomen pure black, without white hair on apices of tergites. This appears to be the form regarded by Vachal as the female of A. nasutus Smith, but the dusky wings, with dark nervures, and dull mesonotum indicate that this is another species. AGAPOSTEMON NASUTUS Smith Male.—Easily distinguished by the peculiar clypeus, the upper margin of which is broadly upturned like a hog’s snout; flagellum light yellow beneath, with the last two joints black; head and thorax bright green; legs yellow; abdomen yellow with six black bands. Female.—Green, including abdomen, which has broad bands of whitish tomentum at bases of tergites 2 to 4. Anterior tibiae mainly reddish in front, middle tibiae with a reddish mark anteriorly at end, hind tibiae black (A. proseriptus Cockerell, from Guatemala City, has the tibiae and tarsi ferruginous). The female is extremely similar to A. cockerelli Crawford, but the base of metathorax is granular, not evidently striate. The sixth tergite is black haired right across. Honpuras: Zamorano, very common. GUATEMALA: Antigua (Pelén). The species here recognized as A. nasutus female is not that of Vachal, but it flies with the very distinctive male; and resembles it in the pallid wings. Genus AUGOCHLOROPSIS Cockerell AUGOCHLOROPSIS CHORISIS Vachal Females about 10 mm. long, or smaller; males about 8mm. Bright green, with closely set short hairs (vibrissae) on the margins of the tergites; tarsi of male white. Honpuras: Zamorano, very common; Agua Azul, December 27 (Rua Williams); Galeras, October 19 (G. Vidales); Las Mesas, Oc- tober 27. BEES FROM CENTRAL AMERICA—COCKERELL 439 There is no doubt that this is Vachal’s A. chorisis, which he says extends from Georgia and Texas to Brazil. But it is very probable that his series was composite, and Vachal himself says the Mexican examples are not quite like those from Brazil. The true A. chorisis must be considered to be the form from Mexico. Miss Sandhouse in her revision of the United States species *of Augochloropsis (1937), treats A. chorisis and seven other supposed species as synonyms of A. cuprea Smith. Some of these I believe to be distinct, but it is practically certain that A. chorisis is identical with one of F. Smith’s species. I now have no material for critical comparison. [have recorded A. fervida Smith (of which I saw the type in the British Museum) from Mexico. Genus AUGOCHLORA Smith AUGOCHLORA SEMICHALCEA, new species Female.—Length about 10 mm.; head and thorax with purple-blue tints, abdomen with greenish bronze; eyes without hair; head mostly black, with the sides of face and front purplish, and the cheeks, behind the eyes, rich purple; no groove in front of ocelli; supraclypeal area projecting, swollen; antennae black, with apical half of flagellum reddish beneath; pronotum blue above, but mesonotum black, dull; scutellum anteriorly and metathorax purple; hair of head and thorax very scanty, dull white; tegulae dark brown; wings dusky hyaline; stigma dull red; first recurrent nervure going to the extreme apical corner of the square second submarginal cell; legs black; hind spur simple; abdomen bronzy green, second tergite rather broadly black apically, third also blackened apically; coppery tints on second and third tergites. Honpuras: Zamorano, at Ipomoea, October 29 (W. P. Cockerell). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58446. At first I thought this might be A. cupriventris Vachal, but a closer attention to the description showed that this could not be the case. The description of A. costaricensis Friese suggests this species, but that species has hairy eyes, and beautiful green and copper-red tints on abdomen. AUGOCHLORA CUPREOTINCTA, new species Female.—Length about 8 mm.; head and thorax bluish green, abdomen brassy, with coppery tints; hair of head and thorax scanty, dull white; clypeus prominent, highly polished, but sides of face and front dull; antennae black; pronotum shining green above, but mesonotum and scutellum dull; posterior face of metathorax shining green; tegulae black; wings dusky hyaline, stigma pale; legs suffused with green; tergites without black hind margins. Honpuras: Uyaca Peak, about 5,000 feet (W. P. Cockerell). 440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58447. Apparently related to the last species, but considerably smaller, with the head and thorax differently colored. AUGOCHLORA CENTRALICOLA, new species Female.—Length about 5 mm.; head and thorax bright green, abdomen darker green; clypeus polished, supraclypeal area with a polished spot; front dull, but a polished spot on each side of base of antennae; antennae black, the flagellum faintly brownish beneath except at base; inner orbits emarginate; mesonotum polished, as also scutellum; area of metathorax shining, with weak striae; tegulae dark; wings hyaline, slightly grayish; stigma brown; nervures rather pale; first recurrent nervure interstitial; legs black at base, anterior knees broadly, tibiae and tarsi pale yellowish; middle and hind tibiae and tarsi pale; hind spur simple; abdomen short, highly polished, without bands or patches of hair. A male is quite similar; the mandibles are slightly but obscurely pallid; the middle and hind femora, seen from behind, are more or less reddish; the abdomen is practically black beyond the first tergite. I cannot identify this with any of Friese’s Costa Rica species. Honpuras: Zamorano (W. P. Cockerell); male (Adan Rivera). Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58448. There is some resemblance to Halictus exiguus Smith, but the abdo- men is quite different (see Ellis, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 11, Dey Zo). I had at first listed this as an Augochlora, but later I thought it should go in Chloralictus; a closer examination, especially of the eyes, indicates that it is an Augochlora. I cannot identify it with any of Vachal’s species. ‘Two were taken February 24. AUGOCHLORA MICROCHLORINA, new species Female.—Length about 9 mm.; robust, with short broad abdomen; blue-green, the color rich; front and vertex dull, but clypeus and supraclypeal area shining, with strong punctures; scape long, flagellum thick, reddish beneath except at base; mouth parts black; cheeks, behind eyes, very brilliant shining green; thorax dullish, dorsally with thin white hair; area of metathorax large, shining green, not evidently sculptured but a little rugose toward base; tegulae small, black; wings hyaline, slightly dusky, stigma dusky reddish; second submarginal cell small, second and third together not as large as first; legs black; abdomen shining, the first tergite with a pale reddish suffusion on disc, second with the margin narrowly black; venter black. Honpuras: Agua Amarilla, December 15. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 58478. BEES FROM CENTRAL AMERICA—-COCKERELL 44] Very near to A. smaragdina Friese, from Costa Rica, but that has no black margins of tergites. A. wridinitens Cockerell from Yucatan has the head mainly black. A. albiceps Friese has the end of abdomen with black-brown hair. et) Morty i Pia i Set nie Teeth: a a ee, bie | Rreldttil aa aay ; CRY MD we cpiee | ] ‘i ] reel ' a4 rot Ae Yh 1 Tes of nt j i ? } ? i | oy iene ; U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 98 PLATE 18 I-A ”¥ PARANTONAE. HISPIDA MICRUTALIS EFPHIPPIUM 2-c ACUTALIS FUSCONERVOSA 4-P 4%. STICTOCEPHALA LUTEA S-A 5-P 5. CERESA VITULUS TORTISTILUS Genitalia of genotype species (hispida excepted): 1, Parantonae hispida Van Duzee; 2, Micrutalis ephippium (Burmeister); 3, Acutalis fusconervosa Fairmaire; 4, Stictocephala lutea (Walker) (4-C and 4-P through courtesy of Dr. W. E. China); 5, Ceresa vitulus (Fabricius); 6, Tortistilus inermis (Fabricius). U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 98 PLATE 19 %, SPISSISTILUS FESTINUS JSUNIPERINA TRICHAETIPYGA 10-C¢ Bey 10-P 10. VESTISTILUS ANCORA 4, STICTOLOBUS SUBULATUS Genitalia of genotype species: 7, Spissistilus festinus (Say); 8, Anisostylus fulgidus (Ball); 9, Trichaetipyga juniperina (Ball); 10, Vestistilus ancora (Ball); 11, Stictolobus subulatus (Say). U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 98 PLATE 20 ra v a v L v ) v ALBESCENS y DICEROS BUBALUS BASALIS as oe Ge ; MK , TAURINA TAURINA TAURINA ABNORIMA MILITARIS Tr . A ( 2) he | T / CURVATA if j PALMERI Genitalia of species of Stictocephala. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 98 PLATE 21 DORSALIS TARTAREA 6 CALVA 6 IN L Y Y L DOIMINUTA SUBSTRIATA LUTEA \ [2 . v L v L 4 L v BREVITYLUS STIMULEA aa PALMER! WO) ( TAURINIFORMIS BOREALIS poLicHOTYLUS uf BREVICORNIS 7 7 Genitalia of species of Micrutalis, Acutalis, and Stictocephala. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 98 PLATE 22 AGRA RG CEE | ‘ WICKHAMI MINUTUS INERMI/S COLLINUS PACIFICUS RRP CA GCG 9 S/Mmilis CALIPERUS CURVATUS BUBALIFORMIS Aer Ai): I TRILINEATUS Laren anrs JOO FEMMORATUS L FESTINUS ean OCCIDENTALIS L L ‘ COWSTANS . VARIANS A ‘ A e a CORNUTUS FEMORATUS CONSTANS VARIANS c L . GILLETTE/ STYLATUS ELONGATULUS ss Genitalia of species of Tortistilus, Spissistilus, and Anisostylus. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 98 PLATE 23 : Cb We BOREALIS y ARCUATUS A c NIGROVITTATUS L MEXICANUS c VARIABILIS 14 14 ° c VACCA °o c c DELONG! INFANTILIS Genitalia of species of Stictolobus, Vestistilus, and Trichaetipyga. @. S$. GOVERNMEBT PRINTING OFFICE: 1948 INDEX (New genera, species, etc., are printed in italics) Abbott, R. Tucker, on potential snail | admiralitatis, Eriboea pyrrhus, 170. host of oriental schistosomiasis in North America (Pomatiopsis lapi- daria), 57. abnorma, Stictocephala, 501, 502, 504, 505. Acanthammothella, 2938, 294. acanthomerus, Encopognathus (Enco- pognathus), 150, 153, 162 (fig.). acapulconis, Trigona (Tetragona), 489. Acentron, 450. Achelia, 234, 286, 289, 319. alaskensis, 235, 289, 319. assimilis, 289. bituberculata, 235, 287, 288 (fig.). borealis, 235, 286, 288 (fig.), 316. borealis japonica, 314, 321. borealis nipponica, 314. echinata, 235, 238, 289. echinata nasuta, 314. echinata orientalis, 314, 318. gracilipes borealis, 314, 320. gracilipes tatarica, 314. lauvrenti, 319. litke, 289, 319. litke intermedia, 320. pribilofensis, 235, 287, 317. spinosa, 2388. superba, 235, 287, 316. uschakovi, 319. wilsoni, 289. Acotlanichthys, 30, Acraea fumigata, 172. Acraspidea cyrtaspis, 207. Actiniloba (Metridium) dianthus, 307. Acutalis, 494-498, 511. fusconervosa, 498. tartarea, 498. tartarea inornata, 498. tartarea nigrinervis, 498. tartarea semicrema, 498. Acyrocera, 210. argyraspis, 190, 210. adani, Bombus mexicanus, 488. Centris (Cyanocentris), 472, 473. Coelioxys, 451. Adenops, 3, 8, 14, 34, 40. analis, 29 (fig.), 34, 35 (fig.), 36, 3¢ (fig.), 39. argenteus, 36, 37 (fig.), 39. admiralia, Euploea callithoe, 165, 175, Issoria sinha, 171. Parthenos sylvia, 165, 170. Vagrans sinha, 171. admiralis, Papilio agamemnon, 184. Papilio macfarlanei, 183. 918102—51 Hulepis pyrrhus, 170. Papilio priamus, 164, 181. Precis hedonia, 167. Admiralty Islands, butterflies of, 163. Adraga, 207. australis, 190, 207, 208. crassivena, 207, 208. univitta, 207. adustus, Cebus albifrons, 351 (fig.), 369, 370, 380. aequatorialis, 385, Cebus, 331, 332, 345, 349, 372, 378. Cebus albifrons, 332, 350, 351 (fig.), 378, 379. Aeschynomene americana, 436, aeschynomenis, Heterosaurus, 436. affinis, Atherinops, 18 (fig.). Atherinopsis, 48. affinita, Huploea nemertes, 174. agamemnon, Papilio, 183. Agapostemon, 437. cockerelli, 488. melanurus, 488. nasutus, 488. proscriptus, 487, 438. radiatus, 487. sicheli, 443.- virescens, 438. Ageiton, 206. agilis, Andrena, 434. Halictus, 444. agnatum, Dianthidium, 449. Agonostomus monticola, 29. Agriolimax, 63. alaskensis, Achelia, 235, 289, 319. Albatross, Pycnogonida collected Japanese waters, 233. albatrossi, Nymphon, 2385, 241, 242, 247, 263-265, 267, 315, 316. albescens, Ceresa, 505. Stictocephala, 501, 502, 505. albicandus, Melissodes, 467, 468. albiceps, Augochlora, 441. albidosparsus, Ceresa, 510. Tortistilus, 508, 510. Tortistilus albidosparsus, 509. albifrons, Cebus, 324, 325 (fig.), 327— 329, 331-333, 336-841, 343-345, 349, 350, 351 (fig.), 355, 360, 362, Alouatta palliata, 384, in 3638, 365, 366, 370-372, 374-376, 378, 380, 381, 382: Cebus albifrons, 370, 371. Marikina, 423. Simia, 349, 370, 371, 424. 523 524 albifrontella, Prosopis, 432. albilabris, Thygater, 469. albomarginalis, Melissodes, 466. albopictus, Epeolus, 459, 460. albulus, Cebus capucinus, 337, 345, 346. Simia capucina, 333-3836, 345-347, 3Ta. Simia (Sapajus) capucinus, 336, 837 albus, Cebus, 331, 332, 341, 345. alchichica, Poblana, 32. Alepidomus, 2, 7, 19, 22, 33. alfari, Nectomys, 54-56. Allanetta, 2, 4, 8, 22, 23. araea, 21 (fig.), 25 (fig.). Alouatta, 323, 882, 384, 395 (fig.), 397 (fig.). arctoidea, 390, 3938. belzebul, 393, 398, 399. belzebul belzebul, 395 (fig.), 397 (fig.), 399. belzebul nigerrima, 395 (fig.), 397 (fig.), 399. beniensis, 393, 398. earaya, 393, 395 (fig.), 397 (fig.), 398. chrysurus, 390. fusca, 393, 398, 399. fusca beniensis, 399. fusca clamitans, 395 (fig.), 397 (fig.) , 399. fusca guariba, 399. juara, 385. macconnelli, 385. nigerrima, 393, 398. palliata, 382, 384-887, 3938, 395 (fig.), 396, 398, 399. palliata aequatorialis, 384, 385. puruensis, 385. rubicunda, 387, 390. seniculus, 382, 384-888, 390, 393. 396, 398, 399. seniculus amazonica, 385. seniculus bogotensis, 384, 390. seniculus caquetensis, 384. seniculus caucensis, 384. seniculus insularis, 380, 385. seniculus sara, 385. seniculus seniculus, 384, 3938, 394 (fig.), 398. seniculus straminea 385, 394, 395 (fig.), 397 (fig.), 398, 399. ursina, 390, 3938. amabilis, Ceratina, 482. amabilis, Trimorus, 102, 146. amarilla, Andrena, 483, 434. amaxana, Callipallene, 235, 275. amazonica, Alouatta seniculus, 385. Amblypodia thamyras latimarginata. 180. Ambrosia, 517. Amer-anthropoides loysi, 381, 384. americana, Aeschynomene, 436. Prosacantha, 97. americanum, Anthidium, 448. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 americanus, Protrimorus, 91. Ammothea borealis, 286. pribilofensis, 287. (Achelina) pribilovensis, 287. superba, 287. Ammothella, 291, 298, 294. bi-unguiculata, 285, 238, 291, 294. profunda, 235, 289, 290 (fig.), 317. uniunguiculata, 294. Amnicola, 66. (Pomatiopsis) lapidaria, 58. analis, Adenops, 29 (fig.), 34, 35 (fig.), 30, of (hig:), 39: ancora, Ceresa, 517, 518. Vestistilus, 518. ancyra, Lycaena, 179. Nacaduba, 164, 179. Andrena, 483. agilis, 434. amarilla, 483, 434. discreta, 433. hondurasica, 484, 435. uyacensis, 434, 435. vidalesi, 434, 435. Andropogon scoparius, 228. arc Colossendeis, 236, 298, 299, 316, I ( Anisostylus, 496, 497, 511. fulgidus, 511-513. fulgidus elongatulus, 5138. fulgidus viridis, 513. gillettei, 513. stylatus, 512, 5138. annandalei, Monacanthomyia, 202. annator, Craterocephalus, 20. annellatus, Cebus, 330, 331. annulicornis, Hoplogryon, 129. Prosacantha, 129. Trimorus, 100, 129. Anoplodactylus, 234, 287, 239, 280, 281, 285 (fig.), 294, 317. gestiens, 235, 284, 285 (fig.), 315. lentus, 240, 284. neglectus, 284. typhlops, 284. Anthedon, 467. Anthedonia, 467. Anthidium, 448. americanum, 448. aztecum, 449. tricuspidum, 448. wyacanum, 448. zamoranicum, 448. anthomasthi, Tantystylum, (fig.). Anthomasthus, 297. Anthophora, 470. bispinosa, 472. franciscana, 470, 471 histrio, 470. peléni, 471. popenoei, 470. usticauda, 470, 471. usticauda cinerior, 470. walshii, 470. eamoranella, 471, 472. 236, 297 INDEX Anthophorula, 455. antiguensis, Melissodes, 465. Triepeolus, 460. antillarum, Fundulus, 215-218. Antonae, 496, 499. Aotes, 400. Aotoes lemurinus, 402, 405. Aotus, 323, 385, 399, 400, 402, 407. aversus, 401, 405-408. bidentatus, 401, 402. bipunctatus, 401, 404, 405. boliviensis, 401. griseimembra, 401, 402, 404, 405, 408. gularis, 401. infulatus, 401. lanius, 401, 406, 407. lemurinus, 401, 404408. miconax, 401, 402. microdon, 401. nigriceps, 401, 402. nigripes, 401. oseryi, 401. pervigilis, 401, 406-408. senex, 401. spixii, 401. trivirgatus, 401, 403 (fig.), 404, 407. trivirgatus azarae, 401. trivirgatus boliviensis, 402. trivirgatus commersonii, 401. trivirgatus duruculi, 401. trivirgatus felinus, 401. trivirgatus griseimembra, 402. trivirgatus humboldtii, 401. trivirgatus lemurinus, 401, 405. trivirgatus microdon, 402. trivirgatus miriquouina, 401. trivirgatus roberti, 401. trivirgatus trivirgatus, 401. villosus, 407. vociferans, 401, 405, 407. zonalis, 401, 402, 404, 405. apella, Callithrix, 340. Cebus, 324-827, 329-340, 346, 348, 353, 354, 371, 372, 374, 379, 380. Cebus apella, 332, 344, 348. Simia, 340. Aphia, 17. meridionalis, 17. aphrastus, Orzomys, 56. aphrodite, Hypolimnas, 169. apicale, Dianthidium, 447. apicalis, Centris, 473. Nectomys, 50. Nectomys squamipes, 50-53. Parachartergus, 431. apiculatus, Cebus, 331, 345, 348. Cebus apella, 332, 348. Cebus nigrivittatus, 332, 348. Midas, 413. Apis, 490. mellifera ligustica, 490. Appias, 181. apterus, Trimorus, 97, 102. araea, Allanetta, 21 (fig.), 25 (fig.). Atherina, 23. 520 araguato, Stentor, 389, 390. archaeus, Basilichthys, 47. Gastropterus, 47. Archomenidia, 3, 8, 10, 27. sallei, 34. arctoidea, Alouatta, 390, 393. arcuatus, Stictolobus borealis, 517. areata, Stelopolybia, 431. arge, Elopsarum, 31. argentea, Wallacea, 190, 208. argenteus, Adenops, 36, 37 (fig.), 39. argillicola, Cambarus, 223, 224, 229, 230. argyraspis, Acyrocera, 190, 210. Argyrea, 32. argyrea, Trigona, 490. Arhopala helius, 180. micale latimarginata, 180. armatus, Ascorhynchus, 292. Cilunculus, 236, 287, 294, 295 (fig.), 315, 316. Lecythorhynchus, 294. Arnoldita, 156, 158, 159. canalifera, 158, 159, 162 (fig.). perarmata, 158, 159, 162 (fig.). senex, 158, 159, 162: (fig.). Artemita, 206. Artemitomima, 205, 206. mirabilis, 190, 206. Asclepias curassavica, 174, 176. Ascorhynchus, 2338, 239, 286, 291, 292, 294. armatus, 292. auchenicus, 236, 291, 315. bicornis, 291. erytopygius, 286, 291. glaberrimus, 236, 291, 293. glabroides, 236, 291, 293, 316. japonicus, 236, 237, 291, 292, 316, Sil minutus, 291, 292. ramipes, 236, 291, 2:92. ramipes var. tsingtaoensis, 292. ashmeadianus, Hoplogryon, 109. ashmeadii, Ropronia, 89. assimilis, Achelia, 289. Melissodes, 466. Ateles, 328, 343, 346, 380, 383. beelzebuth triangulifera, 380. belzebuth belzebuth, 381. belzebuth brunneus, 381. belzebuth hybridus, 381, 384. fusciceps robustus, 381. geoffroyi, 380. geoffroyi grisescens, 381. hybridus, 381, 382, 390. rufiventris, 381. Atella alecippe denosa, 164, 171. Atherina, 2, 6, 16, 17, 19, 41, 48. araea, 23. balabacensis, 23. bleekeri, 23. boyeri, 16-18. brachyptera, 20. brasiliensis, 33. dannevigi, 19. duodecimalis, 23. 526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Atherina endrachtensis, 24. evermanni, 22. gobio, 28. harringtonensis, 23. hepsetus, 16, 17, 18 (fig.), 21 (fig.), 32. humboldtiana, 30. insularum, 23. jacksoniana, 43, 44. lacunosa, 23. laticeps, 24. lineatus, 24. maccullochi, 24. martinica, 39. menidia, 32. microlepidota, 47. microstoma, 17, 20. mochon, 18. morrisi, 24. mugiloides, 22. notata, 32. ovalaua, 23. panatela, 23. pinguis, 23. presbyter, 17. regia, 42. regina, 23. rissoi, 18. sardina, 47. stipes, 24. temminekii, 20. tsurugae, 23. uisila, 22, 23. vaigiensis, 24. valenciennesii, 23. velieana, 24. villosa, 24. vomerina, 30. woodwardi, 23. Atherinason, 2, 7, 19. dannevigi, 18 (fig.). Atherinella, 3, 11, 28. eriarcha, 40. panamensis, 28. Atherinichthys, 42. guatemalensis, 29. pachylepis, 28. punctatus, 22. sallei, 27, 28. Atherinidae, 2, 5, 33. Atherinides, 16. Atherininae, 2, 3, 6, 15, Atherinoides, 30. Atherinomorus, 2, 8, 24. stipes, 25 (fig.). Atherinops, 3, 5, 10, 42, 48. affinis, 18 (fig.). cedroscensis, 48. guadalupae, 48. insularum, 48. littoralis, 48. magdalenae, 48. oregonia, 48. regis, 48. Atherinopsinae, 3, 8, 41. Atherinopsis, 3, 10, 41, 42, 48. affinis, 48. californiensis, 48. sonorae, 48. tenuis, 44. Atherion, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24. elymus, 21 (fig.), 24, Atherioninae, 3, 8, 24. Atheronichthys, 30. atrata, Ceratina, 482. Melissodes, 466. VOL, 98 atrimentis, Menidia peninsulae, 32. atripicta, Melissodes, 467. atronitens, Prostomomyia, 202, attenuatum, Chirostoma, 31. auchenicus, Ascorhynchus, 236, 291, 315. Parazetes, 291, 292. auctorum, Cebus, 348, 360. audens, Menidia, 32. Augochlora, 429, 489-442. albiceps, 441. auriventris, 441, 442. cassiae, 441. centralicola, 440. chryseis, 442. costaricensis, 489. cupraria, 441. cupreotincta, 439. cupriventris, 4389. microchlorina, 440. semichalcea, 439. smaragdina, 441. vesta, 442. viridinitens, 441. zamoranica, 441. Augochloropsis, 488, 442. chorisis, 488, 489. cuprea, 439. fervida, 439. Aulana, 207. cyrtaspis, 190, 207. auratus, Papilio codrus, 164, 1838. aureifrons, Heterosarus, 485, 436. aureovestis, Eulalia, 188, 191. awrescens, Melissodes, 462, 463. aurescens var. A, Melissodes, 462. aurigenia, Melissodes, 462. auriventris, Augochlora, 441, 442, australis, Adraga, 190, 207, 208. australis, Basilichthys, 47. Austromenidia, 3, 9, 42—44. brevianalis, 48. gracilis, 48. hatcheri, 43. itatano, 48. laticlavia, 438. mauleanum, 43. nigricans, 48. regia, 29 (fig.), 43. aversus, Aotus, 401, 405-408. azarae, Aotus trivirgatus, 401. aztecorum, Nomada, 458. aztecum, Anthidium, 449. azulensis, Hxomalopsis, 451. azurea, Mesoplia, 481. INDEX balabacensis, Atherina, 23. balsanus, Melaniris, 30. Baoris bevani, 164, 165, 185. hasaroides, 185, laraca, 164, 165, 185. mathias, 164. parvimacula, 185. barbacoas, Oryzomys, 50, 54. barbatus, Cebus, 331, 332, 337, 339-341, 345, 346. bartoni, Chirostoma, 30, 31. Elopsarum bartoni, 31. basalis, Ceresa, 505. Stictocephala, 502, 505. Basilichthys, 3, 10, 41, 42, 47. archaeus, 47. australis, 47. microlepidotus, 47. regillus, 42. basispinosum, Nymphon, 242, 246, 272 (fie) 273: beani, Kirtlandia, 29. beardsleei, Pisciregia, 47. becki, Monacanthomyia, 189, 201, 202. Bedotiinae, 1. beecheii, Melipona, 490. Bees from Central America, principally Honduras, 429. Belenois dohertyana, 180. belzebul, Alouatta, 393, 398, 399. Alouatta belzebul, 395 (fig.), 397 (fig.), 399. Mallophora, 484. belzebuth, Ateles belzebuth, 381. beniensis, Alouatta, 393, 398. Alouatta fusea, 399. Megachile (Leptorachis), 450. benokianum, Pycnogonum, 236, 304, 305 (fig.), 306. benthos, Nymphon, 235, 241, 242, 247, PANT) (Ke PAOD Gale berenice, Lycaena, 178. Nacaduba, 164, 178. bergi, Ptilocera, 189, 202, 204. beryllina, Menidia, 32, 33. betacea, Cyphomandra, 75. bethunei, Hoplogryon, 147. Trimorus, 92, 147. bevani, Baoris, 164, 165, 185. Hesperia, 185. bicolor, Hapale, 421. Jacchus, 421. Leontocebus, 409. Marikina, 418, 421, 422. Marikina (Marikina), (fig. ). Midas, 418, 421. Seniocebus, 418, 421. Tamarin (Oedipomidas), 421. bicornis, Ascorhynchus, 291. bidentatus, Aotus, 401, 402. bilamellosa, Exaerete, 485, 486. bilineata, Prosacantha, 139. 419, 420 527 bilineatus, Hoplogryon, 139. bilineatus, Triepeolus, 460, 461. bilineatus, Trimorus, 101, 139. bilobatum, Dianthidium, 447. bilunatus, Triepeolus, 461. Bindahara phocides, 164, 180. binneyi, Pomatiopsis, 66. binodosa, Parantonae, 499. bipunctatus, Aotus, 401, 404, 405. bismarkiana, calliploea engrammelli, 176 Huploea pumila, 176. Junonia vellida, 167. Precis vellida, 164, 167. bispinosa, Anthophora, 472. bituberculata, Achelia, 235, 287, 288 (fig.). bi-unguiculata, Ammothella, 235, 238, 291, 294. bleekeri, Atherina, 23. bluntsehlii, Mystax, 418. boekei, Melanorhinus, 27. bogotensis, Alouatta seniculus, 384, 390. boharti, Eulalia, 188, 193. bolina, Hypolimnas, 169. Papilio, 169. boliviensis, Aotus, 401. Aotus trivirgatus, 402. Bolocera tuediae, 307. Bombus, 486. cajennensis, 488. ephippiatus, 486, 487. formosus, 486, 487. incarum, 488. mateonis, 487. medius, 488. mexicanus 487, 488. mexicanus adani, 488. montezumae, 487. niger, 488. vau-flavus, 486. wilmattae, 486, 487. bonariensis, Odontesthes, 44. bordonia, Persea, 228. borealis, Achelia, 235, 286, 288 (fig.), 316. Achelia gracilipes, 314, 320. Ammothea, 286. Ceresa, 505. Stictocephala, 503-505. borealis, Stictolobus, 516. Boreonymphon robustum, 242. boyeri, Atherina, 16-18. Hepsetia, 21 (fig.), 25 (fig.). Brachygastra lecheguana, 481. brachyptera, Atherina, 20. Prosacantha, 103. brachypterus, Hoplogryon, 108. Brachytalis, 496, 498. braschnikovi, Nymphon, 250. braschnikowi, Nymphon, 235, 241-244, 247, 250, 251 (fig.), 316. brasiliensis, Atherina, 33. Xenomelaniris, 29 (fig.). (fig.), 33, 35 528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 braueri, Crabro (Encopognathus), 150. | Callipallene, 275. Encopognathus 150, 152. Thyreopus (Encopognathus), 150. brevianalis, Austromenidia, 43. brevicarinatus, Trimorus, 96, 101, 134. brevicollis, Nymphon, 248. Nymphon longitarse, 319. brevicornis, Ceresa, 505. Ropronia, 86, 87 (fig.), 88. Stictocephala, 502, 503, 505. brevirostre, Nymphon, 235, 242, 245-249, 252s brevis, Ceresa, 505. Stictocephala, 502, 505. brevitylus, Ceresa, 505. Stictocephala, 502, 505. bridwelli, Encopognathus (Encopogna- thus), 150, 151, 162 (fig.). brissonii, Cebus, 337, 342, 343, 346. Cercopithecus, 337. brownei, Encopognathus nathus), 149, 153. bruesi, Hoplogryon, 103. Trimorus, 97, 103. brunettii, Hermetia, 189, 199. brunneipes, Trimorus, 100, 125. brunneus, Ateles belzebuth, 381. Cebus apella, 331, 332, 345, 348, 349. Cebus nigrivittatus, 332, 349, 370. bubaliformis, Tortistilus albidosparsus, 509, 510. bubalus, Centrotus, 505. Ceresa, 505. Membracis, 505. Stictocephala, 502, 505, 509. buchwaldi, Ptiloglossa, 432. Bulinus, 64. buticulosum, Pycnogonum, (fig.), 808 (fig.), 317. Butterflies of the Admiralty Islands, 163. byersi, Cambarus, 224, 226 (fig.), 229, 230. (Encopognathus), (Encopog- 236, 305 Caenohalictus, 442. serripes, 443. sicheli, 4438. uyacanus, 442, 4438. cajennensis, Bombus, 488. Caldwell, John §., on generic revision of the treehoppers of the tribe Cere- sini in America north of Mexico, based on a study of the male geni- talia, 491. ealifornica, Colossendeis, 301. Pomatiopsis, 66. Prosacantha, 97, 132. Ropronia, 86, 87 (fig.), 88. californicus, Hoplogryon, 132. Trimorus, 100, 132, 148. californiensis, Atherinopsis, 48. caliperus, Tortistilus trilineatus, 509- Side Callimico, 409. Calliopsis, 437. hondurasicus, 437. amaxana, 235, 275. dubiosa, 235, 275, 276 (fig.), 317. novo-zealandae, 275, 276. pectinata, 277. Calliploea engrammelli 176. callithoe, Euploea, 175. Callithrix, 409, 412, 418. apella, 340. lacepede, 412. leucopus, 419. sciurea, 414. callura, Exomalopsis, 453. Caltoris laraca, 185. Caluromys, 402. laniger, 402. ecalva, Micrutalis, 498. Cambarus, new crayfish from Texas, 223. Cambarus, 65, 223, 224. argillicola, 223, 224, 229, 230. byersi, 224, 226 (fig.), 229, 230. fodiens, 223, 224, 226 (fig.), 229, 230. hedgpethi, 224, 226 (fig.), 229. uhleri, 229. canadensis, Polistes, 430. canalifera, Arnoldita, 158, 159, 162 (fig.). canaliferus, Crabro, 159. candida, Megachile (Acentron), 450. capitosus, Halictus, 443. Capps, Hahn W., on the pyraustid moths of the genus Leucinodes in the New World, with descriptions of new gen- era and species, 69. capucina, Simia, 333-336, 339, 345-347, 3T1: capucinus, Cebus, 324, 326, 327, 329- 348, 344, 346-348, 353, 355, 372, 379, 380. Cebus capucinus, 347. caquetensis, Alouatta seniculus, 384. caraborum, Hoplogryon, 128. Prosacanthus, 128. Trimorus, 92, 100, 128. caraya, Alouatta, 393, 395 (fig.), 397, 398. bismarkiana, cariblanco, Cebus, 355. carnifex, Polistes, 430. earri, Melanthidium, 447. cassiae, Augochlora, 441. castaneus, Cebus, 331, 332, 343, 344, 348, 375. Cebus nigrivittatus, 332, 348. Catachrysops cnejus, 164, 178. Catopsilia crocale, 164, 181. caucensis, Alouatta seniculus, 384. Cauque, 42. mauleanum, 42. Cebuella, 409. Cebus, 323, 324, 325 (fig.), 326-880. aequatorialis, 331, 332, 845, 349, BYE BALKSt INDEX Cebus—Continued albifrons, 824, 825 (fig.), 327-829, 831-383, 336-341, 348-345, 349, 350, 351 (fig.), 355, 360, 362, 363, 365, 366, 370-372, 374-376, 378, 380-382. albifrons adustus, 351 (fig.), 369, 370, 380. albifrons aequatorialis, 332, 350, abl (fig:)), 378,379. albifrons albifrons, 351 (fig.), 370, Birk. albifrons cesarae, 351 (fig.), 356, 359, 360, 362, 379. albifrons cuscinus, 351 (fig.), 376, 378. albifrons flavus, 343. albifrons hypoleucus, 351 (fig.), 354, 368, 379. albifrons leucocephalus, 349, 351 (fig.), 365, 868, 369. albifrons malitiosus, 332, 351 (fig.), 355, 356, 359, 360, 369, 378, 379. albifrons pleei, 351 (fig.), 360, 362— 364, 390. albifrons trinitatis, 350, 351 (fig.), 379, 380. albifrons unicolor, 341, 342, 351 (fig.), 372-374, 378. albifrons versicolor, 351 (fig.), 363, 365, 368. albifrons yuracus, 351 (fig.), 375, 376. albus, 331, 332, 341, 345, annellatus, 830, 331. apella, 324-827, 329-340, 346, 348, 3538, 854, 371, 372, 374, 379, 380. apella apella, 332, 344, 348. apella apiculatus, 332, 348. apella brunneus, 331, 332, 345, 348, 349. apella chacoensis, 338. apella leucocephalus, 365, 369, 370. apella macrocephalus, 376. apella malitiosus, 332. apella olivaceus, 332, 348. apiculatus, 331, 345, 348. auctorum, 348, 360. barbatus, 331, 332, 337, 339-341, 845, 346. brissonii, 337, 342, 343, 346. capucinus, 324, 326, 327, 329-339, 848, 344, 346-348, 353, 355, 372, 379, 380. capucinus albulus, 337, 345, 346. capucinus capucinus, 347. capucinus curtus, 347. capucinus cuscinus, 355, 356. capucinus gracilis, 372. capucinus imitator, 347, capucinus leporinus, 345, 348. capucinus limitaneus, 347. capucinus nigripectus, 347. capucinus trinitatis, 349, 379. 529 Cebus ecariblanco, 355. castaneus, 331, 332, 348, 344, 348, SDs chrysopus, 831, 332, 342, 343, 349, 360, 362, 372, 374, 378. curtus, 331, 334, 347. cuscinus, 332, 375. cuscinus cuscinus, 372, 374, 376. fallax, 330. fatuellus, 330, 332, 333, 334, 371. fatuellus peruanus, 374. flavescens, 331, 337, 345, 349, 372. flavescens cuscinus, 331, 345, 374- 376, 378. flavus, 331, 332, 340-843, 345, 372. frontatus, 329. fulvus, 329, 331, 339-342, 346. gracilis, 331-333, 339, 341, 342, 349, 372-375, 378. gracilis dunkelstirnig, 372. griscus, 330. griseus, 329, 332, 338, 340, 341, 343, 346, 348, 375. hypoleucus, 331, 334, 387-889, 346, 347, 350, 355, 356, 362, 365. hypomelas, 330. imitator, 331, 334, 839, 347. leporinus, 368. leucocephalus, 381, 332, 344, 345, 349, 365, 368, 418. limitaneus, 331, 334. lugubris, 336, 345. malitiosus, 331, 345, 349, 355. morta, 336. nigripectus, 331, 332, 334. nigrivittatus, 324, 825 (fig.), 326— 335, 339, 340, 348-345, 346 (fig.), 847, 348, 358-355, 367, 368, 370, 371, 380. nigrivittatus apiculatus, 382, 348. nigrivittatus brunneus, 332, 349, 370. nigrivittatus castaneus, 332, 348. nigrivittatus nigrivittatus, 348. nigrivittatus olivaceus, 332, 348, olivaceus, 330-332, 335, 340, 343, 344, 348. paraguayanus, 3831, 348, 344, 348. pleii, 355. pucherani, 329, 331. pucheranii, 344, 346. robustus, 382. syrichta, 336. trepida, 336. trepidus, 330, 382-3834. unicolor, 331-333, 336, 341, 342, 345, 349, 371-3875, 377. unicolor cuscinus, 376, tamarin, 411. variegatus, 329, 332, versicolor, 331, 332, 343, 344, 349, 363. xanthosternos, 3382. cedroscensis, Atherinops, 48, capucinus versicolor, 363, 365, 372, | Ceiba, 490. 378, 379, Cemolobus, 467. 530 Central America, bees from, 429, centralicola, Augochlora, 440. Centris, 472. (Cyanocentris) adani, 472, 473. apicalis, 4738. (Melanocentris) clypeata, 474. eonfinis, 475. (Rhodocentris) costaricensis, 478. dentata, 478. (Rhodocentris) dentata, 477. (Melanocentris) durantae, 474. friesei, 478. inermis, 479. inermis gualanensis, 479. inermis pallidifrons, 479. lanipes, 476, 477. (Rhodocentris) lanipes swbtarsaia, 476, 477. maculata, 473. minuta, 474, 475. (Melanocentris) petreae, 475, 476. (Melanocentris) petreae rufopicta, 475. (Cyanocentris) poecila, 473, 479. proxima, 478. robusta, 479. (Rhodocentris) robusta, 478. (Melanocentris) ruae, 474, 475. rufomaculata, 476. tarsata, 477. transversa, 475. (Rhodocentris) triangulifera, 477. trigonoides, 477. versicolor, 4738, 479. wilmattae, 473. Centrogonia, 496. Centrotus bubalus, 505. Cephalochrysa, 198. chrysidiformis, 189, 198. Cephalotrigona, 490. Cephrenes moseleyi moseleyi, 164, 165, 186. moseleyi shortlandica, 165, 186. Ceratina, 482. amabilis, 482. atrata, 482. ignara, 482. laeta, 482. nara, 482. regalimimus, 482. regalis, 482. Ceratocolus, 160. Ceratothyrea nigrifemur, 202. Cerearia geddesi, 63. marilli, 63. pomatiopsidis, 63. Cercopithecus, 411. brissonii, 337. flavus, 336, 337, 342, 345. minimus mexicanus, 415. eerea, Menidia beryllina, 32. Ceresa, 491, 492, 496, 497, 499-501, 510, 513. albeseens, 505. albidosparsus, 510. ancora, 517, 518. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 Ceresa basalis, 505. borealis, 505. brevicornis, 505. brevis, 505. brevitylus, 505. bubalis, 505. constans, 515. curvicornis, 517, 518. diceros, 506. femoratus, 515. franciscanus, 515. illinoiensis, 506. inermis, 510. infantilis, 518. mexicanus, 518. militaris, 506. minor, 517. nigrovittatus, 517. occidentalis, 515. palmeri, 493, 506. stimulea, 506. taurina, 506. testaceus, 518. uniformis, 515. vacea, 518. variabilis, 517. vitulus, 500. vitulus minor, 516. Ceresini, generic revision of treehoppers of the tribe in America north of Mexico, 491. cesarae, Cebus albifrons, 351 (fig.), 356, 359, 360, 362, 379. Cethosia gabrielis, 172. obscura gabrielis, 172. obscura manusi, 172. ceylonicus, Simiolus, 342. chacei, Pomatiopsis, 66. chacoensis, Cebus apella, 338. Chaetonymphon duospinum, 274. quadrispinum, 274. chagresi, Menidia, 28. Thyrinops, 29, 30, chapalae, Chirostoma, 81. Charalia, 30, 31. charari, Elopsarum bartoni, 31. Chelostomoides, 430, 450. chionocincta, Exomalopsis, 453. chirindensis, Encopognathus (Encopog- nathus, 149, 1538. Thyreopus (Encopognathus), 152, 153. Chiriopeops, 215. Chirostoma, 3, 12, 30, 31. attenuatum, 31. bartoni, 30, 31. chapalae, 31. compressum, 31. econsocium, 31. diazi, 30, 31. estor, 30, 31. estor copandaro, 31. estor estor, 31. estor pacanda, 31. grandocule, 31. INDEX Chirostoma humboldtiana, 30, 81. jordani, 30, 31. lucius, 31. mauleanum, 42. ocotlanae, 31. peninsulae, 32. promelas, 30, 31. sicculum, 28. sphyraena, 30, 31. vagrans, 39, 40. zirahuen, 31. chitinosa, Colossendeis, 286, 301, 302 (fig.), 315, 316. Chlaenius impunctifrons, 92, 128. Chloralictus, 440. chorisis, Augochloropsis, 438, 439. chrysaner, Eulalia, 188, 194. chryseis, Augochlora, 442. chrysidiformis, Cephalochrysa, 189, 198. Microchrysa, 198. chrysomelas, Hapale, 423. Leontocebus, 409, 423. Marikina, 423. Midas, 423. Chrysopes, 342. chrysopus, Cebus, 331, 332, 342, 343, 349, 360, 362, 372, 374, 378. chrysopygus, Jacchus, 4238. Leontocebus, 423. Marikina, 423. Chrysothrix nigrivittatus, 345, chrysurus, Alouatta, 390. Stentor, 384, 389. Cilunculus, 293, 294. armatus, 236, 237, 294, 295 (fig.), 315, 316. cincinnatiensis, Pomatiopsis, 66. cinerior, Anthophora usticauda, 470, cisnerosi, Coelioxys, 451. Epicharis, 480. clamitans, Alouatta fusca, 395 (fig.), 397 (fig.), 399. clara, Menidia, 47. claripennis, Hoplogryon, 133. Trimorus, 101, 133. clarus, Trimorus, 100, 131. clava-herculis, Xanthoxylum, 228. Clava multicornis, 307. clavipes, Trigona (Tetragona), 489. clypeata, Centris (Melanocentris), 474. cnejus, Catachrysops, 164, 178. Hesperia, 178. Cochlicopa, 63. Cockerell, T. D. A., on bees from Cen- on America, principally Honduras, 429. cockerelli, Agapostemon, 438. Thygater, 469. Coelioxys, 451. adani, 451. cisnerosi, 451. mexicanus, 451. tepaneca, 451. wilmattae, 451. colei, Menidiella, 33. 531 Coleotropis, 3, 4, 15, 41. Colletes, 431. perplexus, 431. collinus, Stictocephala, 510. Tortistilus, 507, 510. Colombia, mammals of northern. Mon- keys (Primates), with taxonomic revisions of some forms, 323. Mammals of northern. Water rats (genus Nectomys), with supple- mental notes on related forms, 49. colombiensis, Thyrinops, 12, 29, 30. colossea, Colossendeis, 236, 299, 316, 317. Colossendeis, 234, 298. angusta, 236, 298, 299, 316, 317. californica, 301. chitinosa, 236, 301, 302 (fig.), 315, 316. colossea, 236, 299, 316, 317. dofleini, 236, 300, 301, 302 (fig.), 315-317. gigas, 299. japonica, 236, 299, 300 (fig.), 303, 316. macerrima, 236, 299, 317. nasuta, 236, 300 (fig.), 302, 316. Colpichthys, 48. columbiana, Prosacantha, 125. columbianus, Gryon, 105, 106. Hoplogryon, 125. Paragryon, 105. Trimorus, 100, 105, 125. commersonii, Aotus trivirgatus, 401. Nyctipithecus, 406. compressum, Chirostoma, 31. conchorum, Menidia, 33. concinnus, Trimorus, 101, 134. confinus, Centris, 475. conifrons, Huleucinodes, 82. consobrina, Ephippium, 200. Negritomyia, 189, 200, 201. consocium, Chirostoma, 31. coustans, Ceresa, 515. Spissistilus, 514, 515. Stictocephala, 503. Thelia, 515. copandaro, Chirostoma estor, 31. cordata, Huglossa, 484. cordovae, Rygchium, 431. coriaceus, Halictus, 446. Corniger hilgendorfi, 296. cornuta, Stictocephala, 491. cornutus, Spissistilus, 514. Stictocephala, 515. corvina, Trigona (Trigona), 489. costaricensis, Augochlora, 4389. Centris (Rhodocentris), 478. Panurginus, 486, 437. Tetralonia, 469. couppii, Parthenos sylvia, 170. coxalis, Hoplogryon, 134. Crabro, 151, 1538, 156. (Encopognathus) braueri, 150. canaliferus, 159. granulatus, 153. senex, 159. 532 crameri, Leuresthes, 44. erassellus, Trimorus, 98, 105. crassiceps, Trimorus, 98, 107, 109. erassicornis, Hoplogryon, 133. Tealia, 307. Trimorus, 101, 133. Urticina (Tealia), 307. crassidentata, Melissodes, 466. crassirostre, Pycnogonum, 307. crasivena, Adraga, 207, 208. Craterocephalus, 2, 7, 20, 22. annator, 20. fluviatilis, 20. lacustris, 20. nouhuysi, 20. randi, 20. stercusmuscarum, 20. Crayfish, a new Cambarus from Texas, with notes on the distribution of Cam- barus fodiens (Cottle), 223. Cressoniella, 450. Cribrina xanthogrammica, 307. crocale, Catopsilia, 164, 181. Papilio, 181. crosbyi, Trimorus, 98, 114, 115 (fig.). cryptopygius, Ascorhynchus, 236, 291. erystallina, Thyrina, 29. Thyrinops, 30. Ctenioschelus, 486. Cuba, cyprinodont fishes of the genus Fundulus in the West Indies, with description of a new subspecies from, 215. Cubanichthys, 215. cubensis, Fundulus, 215. Cucumaria frondosa, 307. cupira, Trigona (Partamona), 490. cupraria, Augochlora, 441. cuprea, Augochloropsis, 439. cupreotincta, Augochlora, 439. cupriventris, Augochlora, 439. curassavica, Asclepias, 174, 176. curtulus, Halictus, 447. eurtus, Cebus, 331, 334, 347. Cebus capucinus, 347. curvata, Stictocephala, 501, 502, 503, 506. curvatus, pile curvicornis, Ceresa, 517, 518. Vestistilus, 518. cuscinus, Cebus, 332, 375. Cebus albifrons, 351 (fig.), 376, 378. Cebus capucinus, 355, 356. Cebus cuscinus, 372, 374, 376. Cebus flavescens, 331, 345, 374-376, 378. Cebus unicolor, 376. cyanea, Synoeca surinama, 431. eyanellus, Mugilops, 27. cyanicollis, Halictus, 446. Cyanocentris, 472, 473. Cyclostoma, 66. lapidaria, 58. Cynodon dactylon, 228. Cynthia, 307. arsinoe lemina, 171. Tortistilus trilineatus, 510, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 Cyphomandra betacea, 75. Cyphomyia, 191. marshalli, 188, 191. Cyprinodon, 216, 217. ecyrtaspis, Acraspidea, 207. Aulana, 190, 207. dactylon, Cynodon, 228. Danaida juventa ribbei, 173. mytilene decipientis, 173. Danainae, 173. Danaus juventa ribbei, 173. mytilene decipientis, 173. plexippus, 164. plexippus plexippus, 173. dannevigi, Atherina, 19. Atherinason, 18 (fig.). Dasiapis, 462. olivacea, 462. dasymerus, Lestica, 160, 162 (fig.). dayi, Phoxargyrea, 32. Decachela, 239, 280. discata, 235, 237, 238 (fig.), 275, 279 (fig.), 280, 316. decipientis, Danaida mytilene, 173. Danus mytilene, 173. delongi, Stictolobus, 518. Trichaetipyga, 518. denosa, Atella alcippe, 164, 171. dentata, Centris, 478. Centris (Rhodocentris), 477. dentata, Lophoteles, 191, 213. dentex, Menidia, 32. derjugini, Halosoma, 235, 318. desertus, Halictus, 446. devilli, Hapale, 413. Diadasia, 454. Dianthidium, 447, 449. agnatum, 449. apicale, 447. bilobatum, 447. hondurascwn, 447. dianthus, Actiniloba (Metridium), 307. diazi, Chirostoma, 30, 31. diceros, Ceresa, 506. Membracis, 506. Smilia, 506. Stictocephala, 501, 502, 506. digitata, Tealia, 307. dimidiatus, Nectomys, 49, 54, 55. diminuta, Stictocephala, 501, 502, 506. diocippus, Hypolimnas, 169. dionysius, Eupsychellus, 176. Lycaena, 176. Diphylla ecaudata, 51. diphysoides, Salduba, 212. dipteroides, Parantonae, 499. discata, Decachela, 235, 237, 238 (fig.), 275, 279 (fig), 280, 316. discerptalis, Leucinodes, 78, 79. discreta, Andrena, 433. dissimilis, Nymphon, 235, 242, 246, 261 (fig.) , 262, 315. dissolvens, Leucinodes, 76. Neoleucinodes, 72, 76-79. distinctus, Trimorus, 99, 115. diversipes, Exomalopsis, 452. INDEX 533 dofleini, Colossendeis, 236, 300, 301, 302 |] Encopognathus (Encopognathus) gran- (fig.), 315-3817. dohertyana, Belenois, 180. Huphina perimale, 180. dolichopterus, Hoplogryon, 103. dolichotylus, Stictocephala_ brevitylus, 505. dominans, Melanitis leda, 165, 166. doretta, Euploea, 175. Huploea lewinii, 175. Euploea (Lontara), 175. dorsalis, Micrutalis, 498. Trigona (Tetragona) clavipes, 489. droryana, Trigona (Plebeia) mosquito, 489. dubiosa, Callipallene, (fig.), 317. dubius, Spissistilus, 514. Spissistilus festinus, 515. Stictocephala, 515. ducalis, Ptiloglossa, 482. dunkelstirnig, Cebus gracilis, 372. duodecimalis, Atherina, 28. duospinum, Chaetonymphon, 274. Nymphon, 242, 246, 270 (fig.), 274. Duranta plumieri, 473, 474, 478, 479. durantae, Ceiba (Melanocentris) , 474. duruculi, Aotus trivirgatus, 401. 235, 275, 276 ecaudata, Diphylla, 51. echinata, Echelia, 235, 238, 289. efficax, Nectomys alfari, 53. egans, Leontocebus midas, 412. egregius, Thyreopus (Hncopognathus), 1538. elegantalis, Leucinodes, 69-72, 76. Neoleucinodes, 72, 74-82. elegantulus, Midas, 412. elongata, Stictocephala, 511. elongatulus, Anisostylus fulgidus, 513. elongatum, Nymphon, 235, 241, 242, 246, 251 (fig), 259; 272. (fig.), 273, 315, 316. Elopsarum, 30, 31. arge, 31 bartoni bartoni, 31. bartoni charari, 31. bartoni zirahuen, 31. jordani jordani, 31. jordani mezquital, 31. labarcae, 31. regani, 31. elymus, Atherion, 21 (fig.), 24. Enchenopa taurina, 506. Encopognathus, 149, 153. (Eneopognathus) acanthomerus, 150, 153, 162 (fig.). (Encopognathus) braueri, 150, 152. (Encopognathus) bridwelli, 150, LA G2 (fig.) (Encopognathus) brownei, 149, 153. (Encopognathus) chirindensis, 149, 153. (Encopognathus) 149, illae+ granulata, ulatus, 153. (Encopognathus) rhodesiana, 150, 152. (Encopognathus) rhodesianus, 152. (Encopognathus) rugosopunctata, 150, 151. (Encopognathus) rugosopunctatus, 150. Endeis, 239. mollis, 236. spinosa, 287. endorae, Pranesella, 20. endrachtensis, Atherina, 24. Enoplolindenius, 156. BDpeolus, 459. albopictus, 459, 460 rugosus, 459. ephippiatus, Bombus, 486, 487. ephippium, Tragopa, 498. Ephippium consobrina, 200. Epicharis, 480. cisnerosi, 480. salazari, 480. schrottkyi, 480. umbracullela umbracullela, 481. eamoranensis, 480. eremitana, Hypolimnas alimena, 168, 169, eriarcha, Atherinella, 40. Hriboea pyrrhus admiralitatis, 170. errans, Halictus, 444. erythrogaster, Hapale, 412. Midas, 412. erythrogaster, Trimorus, 98, 113. erythropus, Hoplogryon, 114. Prosacantha, 114. Trimorus, 98, 114. erythrotricha, Osmia, 450. esculentum, Lycopersicum, 75. esmeraldarum, Nectomys, 54. Nectomys (Sigmodontomys) alfari, 50, 58, 54. estor, Chirostoma, 30, 31. Chirostoma estor, 31. Euceromys, 196. Euglossa, 484. cordata, 484. surinamensis, 485. Eulalia, 191. aureovestis, 188, 191. aureovestis subaurea, 188, 192. boharti, 188, 193. chrysaner, 188, 194. exigua, 193. maculata, 188, 191, 193. parallelina, 193. subobscura, 188, 195. Eulepis pyrrhus admiralitatis, 170. Euleucinodes, 71, 82. conifrons, 82. Humenes totonacus, 431. Euphorbia, 457. 534 Euploea, 168, 176. callithoe, 175. callithoe admiralia, 165, 175. doretta, 175. (Lontara) doretta, 175. insulicola, 174. lewinii doretta, 175. nemertes aflinita, 174. nemertoides, 175. nobilis, 174. nobilis simplicior, 174. pumila bismarkiana, 176, subnobilis, 174. treitschkei ursula, 176. Euploeas, 175. euploeoides, Hypolimnas, 168. EKupsychellus dionysius, 176. Hurema hecabe oeta, 180. Kuritia, 497. | Euryarges, 40. EKuryhelmis monorchis, 68. Eurystole, 3, 14, 40. Hyaza, 211. solomonensis, 211. solomonensis incidens, 190, 211. solomonensis solomonensis, 190, Partie solomonensis whitneyi, 190, 211. evermanni, Atherina, 22. Thyrina, 28, 29. Hvylaeus, 445. Exaerete, 485. bilamellosa, 485, 486. frontalis, 485. melanura, 486, smaragdina, 486. exigua, Hulalia, 1938. exiguus, Halictus, 440. ewvilis, Trimorus, 98, 106, 107. eximia, Ptiloglossa, 432. Exomalopsis, 451-453, 456. azulensis, 451. ceallura, 453. chionocincta, 453. diversipes, 452. fulvescens, 454, 455. (Melissodes) fulvotecta, 455. fulvozonata, 452. limata, 453, 454. monozonula, 453. (Anthophorula) nitidicincta, 455. otomita, 458, 454. Sathgnhorme) perconcinna, 454, 45 pulchella, 452. rufitecta, 454, 462. rufitecta palliditecta, 454. Ssolidaginis, 453. texana, 455. wilmattae, 454. zexmeniae, 452. extensa, Menidia, 12, 32. fabricii, Xylocopa, 483, 484. fallax, Cebus, 330. fascipennis, Lophoteles, 212. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 fatuellus, Cebus, 330, 332-334, 371. felinus, Aotus trivirgatus, 401. Nyctipithecus, 402, 406. femoratum, Phoxichilidium, 280, 319. femoratus, Ceresa, 515. Spissistilus, 514, 515. fervida, Augochloropsis, 439. festina, Membracis, 506, 511, 513. Stictocephala, 492, 501. festinus, Membracis, 515. Spissistilus, 513-515. Stictocephala, 515. Thelia, 515. fimbriata, Xylocopa, 483. finalis, Odontomyia, 195. finitimus, Trimorus, 98, 110. Fishes, atherine, revision of six sub- families with descriptions of new genera and species, 1. eyprinodont, of the genus Fundulus in the West Indies, with descrip- tion of a new subspecies from Cuba, 215. flavescens, Cebus, 331, 337, 345, 349, 372. Nomada pampicola, 457. flavescens, Ptilocera bergi, 189, 204. flavia, Simia, 331, 332, 336, 337, 341, 345. flavicoxa, Hoplogryon, 126. Prosacantha, 126. Trimorus, 100, 126. flavifasciatus, Melissodes, 464. flavifrons, Midas, 4138. flaviventris, Microchrysa, 189, 199. Sargus, 199. fiavocincta, Trigona (Plebeia), 489. fiavocincius, Trimorus, 100, 131. flavofasciatus, Triepeolus, 461. flavus, Cebus, 331, 3382, 340-348, 345, 372. Cebus albifrons, 343. Cercopithecus, 386, 337, 342, 345. Lasius, 92. Potos, 402. Flies of the family Stratiomyidae of the Solomon Islands, 187. Florilegus, 467. flos-indicus, Iso, 26. flos-maris, Iso, 25, 26. fluminensis, Pallenopsis, 275. fluviatilis, Craterocephalus, 20. fodiens, Cambarus, 2238, 224, 225 (fig.), 229, 230. fonticola, Fundulus, 215-218. Formica subrufa, 92. formosana, Oncomelania, 60. formosus, Bombus, 486, 487. formosus, Trimorus, 97, 103. Fouts, Robert M., on parasitic wasps of the genus 77rimorus in North America, 91. Foxita, 158. franciscana, Anthophora, 470, 471. franciscanus, Ceresa, 515. Spissistilus, 514, 515. Stictocephala, 515. friesei, Centris, 478. frondosa, Cucumaria, 307. INDEX frontalis, Hxaerete, 485. Trigona (Plebeia) mosquito, 489. Xylocopa, 483, 484. frontatus, Cebus, 329. fulgida, Stictocephala, 511. fulgidus, Anisostylus, 511-518. fuliginosus, Lasius, 92. fulvescens, Exomalopsis, 454, 455. fulvifrons, Melitoma, 461. fulvinus, Nectomys, 50, 51. fulviventris, Trigona (Trigona), 488. fulvotecta, Exomalopsis (Melissodes), 455. fulvozonata, Hxomalopsis, 452. fulvus, Cebus, 329, 331, 389-342, 346. Simia (Sapajus) trepidus, 340. fumigata, Acraea, 172. Miyana molucecana, 172. fumipennis, Gryon, 144. Paragryon, 144. Trimorus, 102, 144. Fundulus, 215-217, 220, 221. antillarum, 215, 216, 217, 218. cubensis, 215. fonticola, 215, 216, 217, 218. grandis, 216, 217, 220. grandis grandis, 217, 219, 220. grandis saguanus, 215, 217-221. heteroclitus, 216, 217. luciae, 216. majalis, 216. nisorius, 216. similis, 216. fusca, Alouatta, 398, 398, 399. fuscicollis, Marikina, 413. fuscipennis, Hoplogryon, 126. Prosacantha, 126. Trimorus, 100, 126. fusconervosa, Acutalis, 498. fuscus, Leontopithecus, 423, 424. Spissistilus, 514. Spissistilus festinus, 515. Stictocephala, 515. gabrielis, Cethosia, 172. Cethosia obscura, 172. Papilio ulysses, 164, 165, 183. gabunensis, Ischnomembras, 82. gaika, Lycaena, 176. Zizera, 176. Zizula, 164, 176. galerensis, Melissodes, 465. Gambusia, 216, 217. garmani, Ropronia, 86, 87 (fig.). Roptronia, 86. Gastropterus, 41, 47. archaeus, 47. geddesi, Cercaria, 63. geniculata, Leveromyia, 190, 211. geoffroyi, Ateles, 380. Hapale, 416—418. Leontocebus, 416. Marikina (Oedipomidies), 409, 414- 418, 420. Midas, 416. Oedipomidas, 416. Oedipus, 414. Simia, 418. 535 Geotrigona, 489. gestiens, Anoplodactylus, 235, 284 285 (iz) paolo: Phoxichilidium, 284, gigas, Colossendeis, 299. gilberti, Hubbesia, 41, 47. Menidia, 41. gillettei, Anisostylus, 513. Stictocephala, 511, 513. glaberrimus, Ascorhynchus, 236, 291, 298. glabra, Pegadomyia, 209. glabroides, Ascorhynchus, 286, 291, 293, 316. glaciale, Nymphon brevirostre, 319. glacile, Nymphon, 248. Glyphodes (?) impuralis, 83. Gnamptorhynchus ramipes, 292. gobio, Atherina, 23. goniphora, Membracis, 506. gracilicornis, Hoplogryon, 147. Prosacantha, 97, 147. Trimorus, 147. gracilis, Austromenidia, 438. Cebus, 331-333, 339, 341, 342, 349, 372-375, 378. Cebus capucinus, 372. graellsi, Marikina, 413. grandis, Fundulus, 216, 217, 220. Fundulus grandis, 217, 219, 220. Hoplogryon, 104. Nectomys, 50, 51. Nectomys squamipes, 51. Trimorus, 97, 104, 105. grandocule, Chirostoma, 31. granulata, Encopognathus (Encopog- nathus), 149, 153. granulatus, Crabro, 153. Encopognathus (Encopognathus), 150, 1538. Thyreopus (Encopognathus), 153. Grether, David F., and Wagner, Warren Herbert, Jr., on butterflies of the Ad- miralty Islands, 163. gretheri, Hypolimnas pithoéca, 165, 168. griscus, Cebus, 330. griseihirta, Melissodes, 463. griseimembra, Aotus, 401, 402, 404, 405, 408. Aotus trivirgatus, 402. griseovertex, Midas, 412. grisescens, Ateles geoffroyi, 381. griseus, Cebus, 329, 332, 338, 340, 341, 348, 346, 348, 375. grossipes, Nymphon, 235, 237, 241 (fig.), 242, 245-247, 250, 260, 263, 2738, 274, 319, 320. Gryon, 91, 92. columbianus, 105, 106. fumipennis, 144. nanno, 91. phlias, 91. Gryonella, 92. Gryonoides, 92. guadalupae, Atherinops, 48. gualanensis, Centris inermis, 479. gualanica, Prosopis, 432. 536 guariba, Alouatta fusca, 399. guatemalensis, Atherinichthys, 29. Mesoplia azurea, 481. guija, Thyrina, 28, 30. gularis, Aotus, 401. gunteri, Nymphon, 2385, 241, 242, 246, 257, 258 (fig.), 317. Halictus, 429, 443-446. agilis, 444. capitosus, 443. coriaceus, 446. curtulus, 447. eyanicollis, 446. desertus, 446. errans, 444. exiguus, 440. hesperus, 444, 445. (Seladonia) hondurasicus, 443. ligatus, 443. ligatus townsendi, 443. mutabilis, 447. nigroaeneus, 446. placidus, 447. politus, 446. providens, 445. (Seladonia) pseudovagans, 444. ruae, 446. townsendi, 443. uyacensis, 445. uyacicola, 445. vagans, 444. zamoranicus, 446. Halosoma derjugini, 235, 318. hamatum, Nymphon, 270, 271. hamilear, Thysonotis, 179. hammondi, Nectomys, 49, 54, 56. Hapale, 409, 418, 423. bicolor, 421. chrysomelas, 423. devilli, 413. erythrogaster, 412. geoftroyi, 416—418. leucopus, 419. nigrifrons, 413. Hapanella, 414. harringtonensis, Atherina, 23. hasaroides, Baoris, 185. Hasora hurama, 184. hatcheri, Austromenidia, 438. Menidia, 42, 43. Patagonia, 42. Hedgpeth, Joel W., on Pyenogonida col- lected by the Albatross in Japanese waters, 233. hedgpethi, Cambarus, 224, 226 (fig.), 229. helius, Arhopala, 180. Helorus, 85. Hemimorus, 938. Hepsetia, 2, 6, 16-18, 19, 41. boyeri, 21 (fig.), 25 (fig.). rissoi, 18 (fig.), 21 (fig.), 25 (fig.). Hepsetus, 16. hepsetus, Atherina, 16, 17, 18 (fig.), 21 (fig:)),, 32) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 Heriades, 449. rufapicatus, 449. rufocaudatus, 449. Hermetia, 199. brunettii, 189, 199. illucens, 189, 199. hermus, Lycaena, 178. Nacaduba, 164, 178. Hershkovitz, Philip, on mammals of northern Colombia. Preliminary Report No. 3: Water rats (WNec- tomys), with supplemental notes on related forms, 49. on mammals of northern Colombia. Preliminary Report No. 4: Mon- keys (Primates), with taxonomic revisions of some forms, 323. Hesperia bevani, 185. cenejus, 178. Hesperiidae, 184. hesperus, Halictus, 444, 445. heteroclitus, Fundulus, 216, 217. Heterofragilia, 293, 294. Heterognathus, 30. Heterosarus, 435. aeschynomenis, 436. aureifrons, 435, 436. opacellus, 436. zamoranicus, 436. heterospinum, Nymphon, 235, 241, 242, 246, 259, 260, 261 (fig.), 317. hilgendorfi, Corniger, 296. Lecythorhynchus, 2386, 295 (fig.), 296. hinkleyi, Pomatiopsis, 66. hirsuta, Pithecia, 402. hirsutus, Nyctipithecus, 406. hispida, Parantonae, 499. histrio, Anthophora, 470. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., on a new cray- fish of the genus Cambarus from Texas, with notes on the distribu- tion of Cambarus fodiens (Cottle), 223. hodgsoni, Nymphon, 285, 241, 242, 246, 250, 251 (fig.), 316, 320, 321. hololeucus, Leontocebus, 412. Honduras, bees from, 429. hondurasica, Andrena, 484, 485. Nomada, 457, 458. Ptiloglossa, 481. hondurasicum, Dianthidium, 447. hondurasicus, Calliopsis, 487. Halictus (Seladonia), 448. honoriae, Stenatherina, 22. Hoplogryon, 91—98, 97. annulicornis, 129. ashmeadianus, 109. bethunei, 147. bilineatus, 139. brachypterus, 103. bruesi, 103. ealifornicus, 132. caraborum, 128. claripennis, 1383. columbianus, 125. INDEX Hoplogryon coxalis, 134. erassicornis, 133. dolichopterus, 103. erythropus, 114. flavicoxa, 126. fuscipennis, 126. gracilicornis, 147. grandis, 104. kansasensis, 97, 124. levis, 136. linellii, 148. longipennis, 186, 137. macrocerus, 148. marylandicus, 121. melanopus, 142. minutissimus, 148. nanus, 186. nigripes, 127. obscuripes, 97. pennsylvanicus, 134. pleuralis, 129. pteridis, 136, 137. punctiventris, 128. pusillus, 125. rufipes, 109, 110. rufosignatus, 109. schwarzii, 144. similis, 140. striatifrons, 122. striativentris, 124, sulcatus, 1138. tenuicornis, 118. tibialis, 133. utahensis, 102. virginiensis, 1338, 134. xanthognathus, 131. horribilis, Phoxichilidium, 235, 283, 285 (fig.), 315. Hubbesia, 3, 15, 41. gilberti, 41, 47. hubbsi, Notocheirus, 25. Hubbsiella, 3, 9, 47. humboldtiana, Atherina, 30. Chirostoma, 30, 31. humboldtii, Aotus trivirgatus, 401. hupensis, Oncomelania, 60-62. Huphina perimale dohertyana, 180. pitys mithra, 180. hurama, Hasora, 184. Ismene, 184. hybridus, Ateles, 381, 382, 390. Ateles belzebuth, 381, 384, Hymenoptera, serphoid, of the family Roproniidae, 85. Hyplogyron solitarius, 106. Hypoatherina, 2, 8, 23. uisila, 25 (fig.). hypoleuca, Simia, 337, 338, 349, 354. hypoleucus, Cebus, 331, 334, 337-3839, 346, 347, 350, 355, 356, 362, 365. Cebus albifrons, 351 (fig.), 354, 368, 379. 537 Hypolimnas, 168, 169. alimena eremitana, 168, 169. alimena manusi, 168, 169. antilope wagneri, 168. aphrodite, 169. bolina, 169. diocippus, 169. euploeoides, 168. iphigenia, 169. misippus, 169, pithoéca gretheri, 165, 168. hypomelas, Cebus, 330. ignara, Ceratina, 482. iguapensis, Kronia, 44, 45 (fig.), 46. iheringi, Pseudothyrina, 44, 45 (fig.), 46. illigeri, Marikina, 413. illinoiensis, Ceresa, 506. Stictocephala, 503, 506. illucens, Hermetia, 189, 199. Musca, 199. imberbis, Mystax, 418. imitator, Cebus, 331, 334, 339, 347. Cebus capucinus, 347. immarginatus, Mischocyttarus, 481. Impatiens, 88. imperator, Marikina imperator, 412. imperialis, Leucinodes, 78. Neoleucinodes, 72, 78, 79. inuprocerus, Trimorus, 99, 117, 119, 120. impunctifrons, Chlaenius, 92, 128, impuralis, Glyphodes (?), 83. Leucinodes, 83. incarum, Bombus, 488. incidens, Evaza solomonensis, 190, 211. inconspicua, Tagiades, 184. inermis, Centris, 479. Ceresa, 510. Membracis, 506, 510. Smilia, 510. Stictocephala, 510. Tortistilus, 506-508, 510. infantilis, Ceresa, 518. Trichaetipyga, 518. infulatus, Aotus, 401. inornata, Acutalis tartarea, 498. instabilis, Polistes, 430. insularis, Alouatta seniculus, 380, 385. insularum, Atherina, 28. Atherinops, 48. Pranesus, 21 (fig.). insulicola, Euploea, 174. intermedia, Achelia litke, 320. intrepidus, Triepeolus, 460. iphigenia, Hypolimnas, 169. Ipomoea, 482. isabelensis, Ptecticus, 188, 197. Ischnomembras, 32. gabunensis, 32. Ismene hurama, 184. TSO; SH 6N2Z6Nss: flos-indicus, 26. flos-maris, 25, 26. Issoria sinha admiralia, 171. itatano, Austromenidia, 43. 538 Jacchus bicolor, 421. chrysopygus, 4238. rufiventer, 412. spixii, 416. jacksoniana, Atherina, 43, 44. James, Maurice T., on flies of the family Stratiomyidae of the Solomon Is- lands, 187. Jamides bochus soemias, 177. saemias, 177. soemias, 177. uniformis, 177. Japan, Pyconogonida from waters of, 233. japonica, Achelia borealis, 314, 321. Colossendeis, 236, 299, 300 (fig.) 303, 316. japonicum, Nymphon, 235, 240-242, 246, 248, 249 (fig.), 256, 315, 316. Schistosoma, 57, 64, 65. japonicus, Ascorhynchus, 236, 237, 291, 292, 316, 317. jaty, Trigona (Tetragona), 489. jordani, Chirostoma, 30, 31. Elopsarum jordani, 31. juara, Alouatta, 385. jucundus, Trimorus, 100, 127. juniperina, Trichaetipyga, 518. juniperinus, Stictolobus, 518. Junonia vellida var. bismarkiana, 167. juruana, Marikina pileata, 413. kansasensis, Hoplogryon, 97, 124. Trimorus, 97, 99, 124. kellicotti, Paragonimus, 59 (fig.), 63-65. Kirtlandia, 39, 40. beani, 29. vagrans, 40. knabi, Megachile, 450. kodanii, Nymphon, 2385, 241, 247 (fig.), 252, 315, S16. korene, Nacaduba, 178. Kronia, 44, 46, 47. iguapensis, 44, 45 (fig.), 46. krgyeri, Rhopalorhynchus, 244, krugii, Nomada, 459. labarcae, Elopsarum, 31. labiata, Marikina, 412. labiatus, Midas, 412. Labidesthes, 3, 11, 28. sicculus, 28, 29 (fig.). vanhyningi, 28. labradus, Polyommatus, 177. Zizera, 164, 177. lacepede, Callithrix, 412. lachesis, Megachile, 450. lacinata, Membras martinica, 39. Menidia vagrans, 40. lacunosa, Atherina, 23. lacustris Craterocephalus, 20. laeta, Ceratina, 482. laevifrons, Prosacantha, 1386, 187. lagonotus, Midas, 413. laniger, Caluromys, 402. Mycetes, 384. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 lanipes, Centris, 476, 477. lanius, Aotus, 401, 406, 407. lapidaria, Amnicola (Pomatiopsis) , 58. Cyclostoma, 58. Pomatiopsis, ane 58, 59 (fig.), 60, 61 (fig.), 63-66 laraca, Baoris, 164, 165, 185. Caltoris, 185. Lasius flavus, 92. fuliginosus, 92. lateralis, Stictolobus, 510. Tortistilus, 507, 510. laticeps, Atherina, 24. laticlavia, Austromenidia, 43. latifascia, Thysonotis dispar, 165, 179. latimarginata, Amblypodia thamyras, 180. Arhopala micale, 180. latitarsis, Trigona (Seaura), 490. lauvrenti, Achelia, 319. lecheguana, Brachygastra, 431. Bosca ae 239, 294, 295 (fig.), armatus, 294, hilgendorfi, 236, 295 (fig.), 296. marginatus, 236, 237, 288 (fig.), 295 (fig.), 296, 318. ovatus, 286. leda, Melanitis, 166. Papilio, 166. lemina, Cynthia arsinoe, 171. lemurinus, Aotoes, 402, 405. Aotus, 401, 404-408. Aotus trivirgatus, 401, 405. Nyctipithecus, 405, 408. lentus, Anoplodactylus, 240, 284. leonardi, Trimorus, 100, 128. leonina, Simia, 423, 424. leoninus, Midas, 423. Leontocebus, 323, 409-411, 423, 424. bicolor, 409. chrysomelas, 409, 423. chrysopygus, 423. geoffroyi, 416. hololeucus, 412. martinsi, 422. midas egans, 412. mounseyi, 413. mystax, 409 pacator, 413. purillus, 413. rosalia, 416, 423, 424. ursulus, 409. Leontopithecus, 423. fuscus, 423, 424. marikina, 423. oedipus, 414. lepidus, Trimorus, 102, 147. leporinus, Cebus, 368. Cebus capucinus, 345, 348. Leptergatis, 456. toluca, 456. leptocheles, Nymphon, 254. Leptorachis, 450. Lestica, 160. dasymerus, 160, 162 (fig.). — INDEX Lethostole, 30, 31. Leucinodes, status of New World pyrau- stid moths of the genus, 69. Leucinodes, 69, 70, 71, 72, 79, 82, 83. discerptalis, 78, 79. dissolvens, 76. elegantalis, 69-72, 76. imperialis, 78. impuralis, 83. lucealis, 81. melanoleuca, 79, 80. orbonalis, 70, 71, 74. xylopastalis, 80. leucocephala, Pithecia, 345, 368. leucocephalus, Cebus, 331, 332, 344, 345, 349, 365, 368, 418. Cebus albifrons, 349, 351 (fig.), 365, 368, 369. Cebus apella, 365, 369, 370. leucogenys, Midas, 4138. leucopus, Callithrix, 419. Hapale, 419. Marikina, 409, 415, 419, 420 (fig.), 421, Marikina (fig.). Oedipomidas, 419. Leuresthes, 3, 5, 9, 42, 44, 47. erameri, 44. tenuis, 9, 29 (fig.), 35 (fig.), 44. Leveromyia, 210. geniculata, 190, 211. levis, Hoplogryon, 136. Prosacantha, 136. ligatus, Halictus, 448. ligustica, Apis mellifera, 490. limata, Exomalopsis, 453, 454. Nomada, 456, 457. limitaneus, Cebus, 331, 334. Cebus capucinus, 347. lineatus, Atherina, 24. linellii, Hoplogryon, 148. Prosacantha, 97, 148. Trimorus, 148. linotus, Trimorus, 99, 118, 119. lisa, Menidia, 28. litke, Achelia, 289, 319. littorale, Pycnogonum, 237, 303, 307. littoralis, Atherinops, 48. longiceps, Propallene, 235. longicoxa, Nymphon, 265. longipennis, Hoplogryon, 136, 187. Ptecticus, 196, 197. Trimorus, 101, 136. longitarse, Nymphon, 235, 237, 241 (fig.), 242, 246-248, 316, 318, 320, 321. Lophoteles, 212. dentata, 191, 213. fascipennis, 212. pallidipennis, 212. plumula, 191, 2138. vittipennis, 191, 212. loripes, Xylocopa, 482, 483. 918102—51—_—-3 (Marikina), 419, 420 539 loweni, Milne-Edwardsia, 307. loysi, Amer-anthropoides, 381, 384. lucealis, Leucinodes, 81. Proleucinodes, 81. Lucernaria, 307. luciae, Fundulus, 216. lucius, Chirostoma, 31. lugubris, Cebus, 336, 345. Salduba, 190, 212. lutea, Stictocephala, 492, 502, 506. Thelia, 498, 501. Lycaena ancyra, 179. berenice, 178. dionysius, 176. gaika, 176. hermus, 178. nora, 178. Lycaenidae, 176. Lycopersicum esculentum, 75. macconnelli, Alouatta, 385. maccullochi, Atherina, 24. macerrima, Colossendeis, 236, 299, 317. macrocephalus, Cebus appella, 376. maerocera, Prosacantha, 97, 148. macrocerus, Hoplogryon, 148. Trimorus, 148. Macrogryon, 92. macrum, Nymphon, 235, 240, 242, 248. mactans, Sargus, 188, 198. maculata, Centris, 473. Eulalia, 188, 191, 193. Odontomyia, 193. Prosopis, 483. maculipennis, Negritomyia, 201. magdalenae, Atherinops, 48. Nectomys squamipes, 51. magellanicum, Pycnogonum, 307, magnicornis, Tetralonia, 465. majalis, Fundulus, 216. major, Polistes, 430. malitiosus, Cebus, 331, 345, 349, 355. Cebus albifrons, 382, 351 (fig.), 355, 356, 359, 860, 369, 378, 379. Cebus apella, 332. Mallophora belzebul, 484. Mammals of northern Colombia. Mon- keys (Primates), with taxonomic revisions of some forms, 323. Water rats (genus WNectomys), with supplemental notes on re- lated forms, 49. manus, Papilio polydorus, 182. manusi, Cethosia obscura, 172. Hypolimnas alimena, 168, 169. Syntarucus, 164, 177. Thysonotis hymetus, 179. Yoma algina, 165, 170. marginatus, Lecythorhynchus, 236, 287, 238 (fig.), 295 (fig.), 296, 318. marginella, Melitoma, 461, Melitoma fulvifrons, 461. marikina, Leontopithecus, 428. 540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM von. 98 Marikina, 323, 408, 410-412, 418, 419, | Megachile, 480, 450. 420 (fig.), 4238. (Leptorachis) beniensis, 450. albifrons, 423. (Acentron) candida, 450. bicolor, 418, 421, 422. knabi, 450. (Marikina) bicolor, 419, 420 (fig.). lachesis, 450. chrysomelas, 428. nigrolateralis, 450. chrysopygus, 4238. (Chelostomoides) otomita, 450. fuscicollis, 413. (Chelostomoides) peruviana, 450. (Oedipomidas) geoffroyi, 409, 414- (Psuedocentron) prietana, 450. 418, 420. simplicipes, 450. graellsi, 413. (Chrysosarus) vestis, 450. illigeri, 4138. (Cressoniella) zapoteca, 450. imperator imperator, 412. meiranganus, Nacaduba, 178. imperator subgrisescens, 412. Plebejus, 178. labiata, 412. Melaniris, 3, 12, 30. leucopus, 409, 415, 419, 420 (fig.), balsanus, 30. 421. sardina, 29, (Marikina) leucopus, 419, 420] Melanitis leda, 166. (fig:) leda dominans, 165, 166. martinsi, 420—422. leda salomonis, 166. (Marikina) martinsi, 419, 420) melanius, Nectomys squamipes, 51-53. (fig.). Melanocentris, 474, 475. melonoleuca, 412. melanoleuca, Leucinodes, 79, 80. midas, 412. Marikina, 412. mystax, 412, 418. Proleucinodes, 80, 81. nigricollis, 418. Melanomys, 54. (Oedipomidas) oedipus, 409, 414—| melanopus, Hoplogryon, 142. 416, 420. Prosacantha, 142. Trimorus, 97, 101, 142. pileata juruana, 413. Melanorhininae, 27. pileata pileata, 413. Melanorhinus, 3-6, 27. pluto, 4138. boekei, 27. (Tamarin) tamarin, 412. microps, 27. tamarin umbrata, 412. Melanotaeniinae, 1. weddelli, 413. Melanthidium, 447. marilandica, Quercus, 228. earri, 447. marilli, Cercaria, 63. melanura, Exaerete, 486. marinus, Mugilops, 27. melanurus, Agapostemon, 438. marnas, Ocybadistes, 164, 185, Melipona, 490. Pamphila, 185 beecheii, 490. ; 2 ak Melissodes, 455, 462, 467-469. marshalli, Cyphomyia, 188, 191. . ~ AG : 3 albicaudus, 467, 468. Martinapis, 467. albomarginalis, 466. martinica, Atherina, 39. antiguensis, 465. Membras, 40. assimilis, 466. Membras martinica, 39. atrata, 466. martinsi, Leontocebus, 422. atripicta, 467. Marikina, 420-422. aurescens, 462, 468. Marikina (Marikina), 419, 420 aurescens var. A, 462. (fig.). aurigenia, 462. Oedipomidas,:422 crassidentata, 466. flavifasciatus, 464. Seniocebus, 422. galerensis, 465. Tamarin (Oedipomidas), 422, griseihirta, 463. marylandica, Prosacantha, 121. negligenda, 466. marylandicus, Hoplogryon, 121. peléni, 464, 465. Trimorus, 99, 121. perplexans, 463. mateonis, Bombus, 487. persimilis, 463. mathias, Baoris, 164. raphaelis, 468. mauleanum, Austromenidia, 43. spilognathus, 468. Cauque, 42. tenuicincta, 464. tenuimarginata, 464. Chirostoma, 42 : ; ’ le N " mayarum, Ptiloglossa, 431, 432. ces 461. medius, Bombus, 488. fulvifrons marginella, 461. meeki, Thyrina, 29. marginella, 461. Thyrinops, 30. nudicauda, 461. INDEX melongena, Solanum, 70, 75. Melusina, 496. Membracis bubalis, 505. diceros, 506. festina, 506, 511, 5138. festinus, 515. goniphora, 506. inermis, 506, 510. subulata, 516. taurinus, 506. vitulus, 493, 499, 500. Membras, 3, 14, 16, 17, 34, 36, 38-40. martinica, 40. martinica lacinata, 39. martinica martinica, 39. martinica vagrans, 39. vagrans, 40. menidia, Atherina, 32. Menidia, 32. Menidia, 3, 13, 16, 26, 31-83, 41, 42. audens, 32. beryllina, 32, 33. beryllina cerea, 32. chagresi, 28. clara, 47. conchorum, 33. dentex, 32. extensa, 12, 32. gilberti, 41. hatcheri, 42, 43. lisa, 28. menidia, 32. peninsulae, 32. peninsulae atrimentis, 32. starksi, 41. vagrans lacinata, 40. venezuelae, 33. Menidiella, 3, 18, 33. colei, 33. Menidiinae, 3, 4, 10, 24, 26, 27, 42. meridionalis, Aphia, 17. Mesoplia, 481. azurea, 481. azurea guatemalensis, 481. metallinus, Sargus, 198. meticulosus, Seniocebus, 414. Metridium, 307. mexicana, Ptiloglossa, 482. mexicanus, Bombus, 487, 488. Ceresa, 518. Cercopithecus minimus, 415. Coelioxys, 451. Triepeolus, 461. Vestistilus, 518. mezquital, Hlopsarum jordani, 31. micans, Mystax devillei, 4138. miconax, Aotus, 401, 402. microchlorina, Augochlora, 440. Microchrysa, 199. chrysidiformis, 198. flaviventris, 189, 199. microcollis, Nymphon, 248, 272 (fig.), 278. microdon, Aotus, 401. Aotus trivirgatus, 402. microlepidota, Atherina, 47. 541 microlepidotus, Basilichthys, 47. Micronomada, 456, 457. micronyx, Nymphon, 235, 240, 242, 245, 246, 257. micropalpidum, Phoxichilidium, 283. micropedes, Nymphon, 235, 241, 242, 246, 250, 254, 255 (fig.), 3817. microps, Melanorhinus, 27. Microryzomys, 54, 55. microsetosum, Nymphon, 242, 246, 272 (fig.), 274. microstoma, Atherina, 17, 20. Micrutalis, 494-498. calva, 498. calva occidentalis, 498. calva parva, 498. dorsalis, 498. midas, Marikina, 412. Simia, 411. Midas, 411, 414. apiculatus, 4138. bicolor, 418, 421. chrysomelas, 425. elegantulus, 412. erythrogaster, 412. flavifrons, 413. geoffroyi, 416. griseovertex, 412. labiatus, 412. lagonotus, 413. leoninus, 423. leucogenys, 413. oedipus, 416. rufimanus, 411, 412. rufoniger, 413. rufoventer, 412, thomasi, 412. tripartitus, 413. ursulus, 411. militaris, Ceresa, 506. Stictocephala, 502, 504, 506. Milne-Edwardsia loweni, 307. minor, Ceresa, 517. Ceresa vitulus, 516. Stictolobus, 516, 517. minor, Trimorus, 101, 14/2. minuta, Centris, 474, 475. minutissima, Prosacantha, 97, 148. minutissimus, Hoplogryon, 148. Trimorus, 148. minutus, Ascorhynchus, 291, 292. Stictocephala, 517. Stictolobus, 516. Stictolobus subulatus, 517. minutus, Tortistilus, 507, 508, 510. Trimorus, 99, 117. mirabilis, Artemitomima, 190, 206. miriquouina, Aotus trivirgatus, 401. Mischocyttarus immarginatus, 4381. misippus, Hypolimnas, 169. misppus, Papilio, 169. mithra, Huphina pitys, 180. mixtum, Nymphon, 247, 272. Nymphon grossipes, 247. Miyana moluccana fumigata, 172. mochon, Atherina, 18. 542 PROCEEDINGS OF modesta, Thygater, 469. mollis, Endeis, 236. mollissima, Pallenopsis, 235, 237, (fig.), 277, 279 (fig.) , 316, 317. mollissimum, Phoxichilidium, 277. molum, Nymphon, 242, 246, 271, (fig.). Monacanthomyia, 201. annandalei, 202. becki, 189, 201, 202. Monkeys (Primates), with taxonomic revisions of some forms, 323. monorchis, Euryhelnis, 63. monozonula, Exomalopsis, 453. montezuma, Nomada, 457. montezumae, Bombus, 487. monticola, Agonostomus, 29. monticola, Trimorus, 101, 134, 140. morio, Xylocopa, 483. Morphinae, 167. morrisi, Atherina, 24. morta, Cebus, 336. moseleyi, Cephrenes moseleyi, 164, 165, 186. Pamphila, 186. mosquito, Trigona (Plebeia), 489. Moths, pyraustid, of the genus Leuci- nodes in the New World, with descrip- tions of new genera and species, 69. mounseyi, Leontocebus, 413. mucosa, Nymphopsis, 236, 238 (fig.). Mugilidae, 2. mugiloides, Atherina, 22. Mugilops, 27. eyanellus, 27. marinus, 27. multicornis, Clava, 307. Musca illucens, 199. mutabilis, Halictus, 447. Myealesis perseus, 166. perseus subpersa, 165, 166. subpersa, 166. Mycetes laniger, 384. myrmecophila, Stelopolybia pallipes, 431. myrtifolia, Quercus, 228. mystax, Leontocebus, 409. Marikina, 412. 4138. Mystax, 409-411. bluntschlii, 4138. devillei micans, 4138. imberbis, 413. nigrifrons pebilis, 413. Nacaduba, 179. ancyra, 164, 179. berenice, 164, 178. hermus, 164, 178. korene, 178. meiranganus, 178. nora, 178. Nannatherina, 2. nanno, Gryon, 91. nanus, Hoplogryon, 136. Trimorus, 101, 136. nara, Ceratina, 482. THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 nasidens, Pachodynerus, 481. nasuta, Achelia echinata, 314. nasuta, Colossendeis, 236, 300 (fig.), 302, 316. nasutus, Agapostemon, 438. natalensis, Tropidostethus, 26. Nectarges, 3, 14, 40, 41. nepenthe, 40, 41. nesiotes, 40, 41. nocturnus, 41. Nectarina, 431. Nectomys, water rats of northern Co- lombia, 49. Nectomys, 49, 50, 54, 55. alfari, 54-56. alfari efficax, 53. (Sigmodontomys) alfari esmeral- darum, 50, 53, 54. alfari russulus, 49, 53. apicalis, 50. dimidiatus, 49, 54, 55. esmeraldarum, 54. fulvinus, 50, 51. grandis, 50, 51. hammondi, 49, 54, 56. saturatus, 49, 51, 54. squamipes, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55. squamipes apicalis, 50-53. squamipes grandis, 51. squamipes magdalenae, 51. squamipes melanius, 51-53. squamipes palmipes, 53. squamipes saturatus, 51. squamipes tarrensis, 51, 58. Squamipes tatei, 52. neglectus, Anoplodactylus, 284. negligenda, Melissodes, 466. Negritomyia, 200. consobrina, 189, 200, 201. maculipennis, 201. nemertoides, Euploea, 175. Neoleucinodes, 71, 72, 79, 82. dissolvens, 72, 76-79. elegantalis, 72, 74-82. imperialis, 72, 78, 79. prophetica, 72, 76, 78, 79. torvis, 72, 77-79. neotropicus, Polistes fuscatus, 480. nepenthe, Nectarges, 40, 41. nesiotes, Nectarges, 40, 41. Nesoryzomys, 54. nexura, Stratiomys, 196. niger, Bombus, 488. Nigeria, new pemphilidine wasps from southern, 149. nigerrima, Alouatta, 393, 398. Alouatta belzebul, 395 (fig.), 397 (fig.), 399. Trigona (Trigona), 489. nigravillosa, Thygater, 469. nigricans, Austromenidia, 43. Spissistilus, 514. Spissistilus franciscanus, 515. Stictocephala franciscanus, 515. nigriceps, Aotus, 401, 402. nigricollis, Marikina, 413. INDEX 543 nigricova, Trimorus 95 (fig.), 101, 1387 | Nymphalidae, 166. (fig.). Nymphalinae, 167. nigrifemur, Ceratothyrea, 202. Nymphon, 234, 240, 242, 243, 245-247, nigrifrons, Hapale, 413. 269, 294, nigrinervis, Acutalis tartarea, 498. albatrossi, 235, 241, 242, 247, 263- nigripectus, Cebus, 331, 332, 334. 265, 267, 815, 316. Cebus capucinus, 347. basispinosum, 242, 246, 272 (fig.), nigripes, Aotus, 401. Paty Hoplogryon, 127. benthos, 235, 241, 242, 247, 255 (fig.), Prosacantha, 127. Zoo ole Trimorus, 100, 127. braschnikovi, 250. nigrivittatus, Cebus, 324, 325 (fig.), braschnikowi, 235, 241-244, 247, 826-335, 339, 340, 343-345, 346 250, 251 (fig.), 316. (fig.), 347, 348, 353-855, 367, 368, brevicollis, 248. 370, 371, 380. brevirostre, 235, 242, 245-249, 257, Cebus nigrivittatus, 348. 273. Chrysothrix, 345. brevirostre glaciale, 319. nigroaeneus, Halictus, 446 dissimilis, 235, 242, 246, 261 (fig.), nigrobrunneus, Trimorus, 102, 144. 262, 315. nigrognathum, Nymphon, 247, 272 duospinum, 242, 246, 270 (fig.), 274. (fig.), 274. elongatum, 235, 241, 242, 246, 251 nigrolateralis, Megachile, 450. (fig.), 259, 272 (fig.), 273, 315, nigrovittatus, Ceresa, 517, 518. 316. Vestistilus, 518. glacile, 248. nipponense, Nymphon, 235, 241, 242, grossipes, 235, 237, 241 (fig.), 242, 247, 267, 268 (fig.), 316. 245-247, 250, 260, 263, 273, 274, nipponica, Achelia borealis, 314. 319, 320. nisorius, Fundulus, 216. grossipes mixtum, 247. nitidicincta, Exomalopsis (Anthopho- gunteri, 235, 241, 242, 246, 257, 258 rula), 455. (Gites oreilye nitidus, Trimorus, 98, 106. hamatum, 270, 271. nobilis, Euploea, 174. heterospinum, 235, 241, 242, 246, Nocthora trivirgata, 401. 259, 260, 261 (fig.), 317. noctum, Nymphon, 271. hodgsoni, 235, 241, 242, 246, 250, nocturnus, Nectarges, 41. 251 (fig.), 316, 320, 321. Nomada, 456. japonicum, 235, 240-242, 246, 248, aztecorum, 458. 249 (fig.), 256, 315, 316. hondurasica, 457, 458. kodanii, 235, 241, 247, 252 (fig.), krugii, 459. 315, 316. limata, 456, 457. leptocheles, 254. limata zanthaspis, 457, 458. longicoxa, 265. montezuma, 457. longitarse, 235, 237, 241 (fig.), 242, pampicola, 457. 246, 247, 248. 316, 318, 320, 321. pampicola flavescens, 457. longitarse brevicollis, 319. tenuicornis, 456. macrum, 235, 240, 242, 248. zamoranica, 457, 458. microcollis, 248, 272 (fig.), 273. nora, Lycaena, 178, micronyx, 235, 240, 242, 245, 246, Nacaduba, 178. 257, nosophora, Oncomelania, 58, 60, 61, 64, micropedes, 235, 241, 242, 246, 250, 65. 254, 255 (fig.), 317. notabilis, Trimorus, 99, 120. microsetosum, 242, 246, 272 (fig.), notata, Atherina, 32. 274. Notocheirus, 3, 5, 25. mixtum, 247, 272. hubbsi, 25. molum, 242, 246, 271, 272 (fig.). nouhuysi, Craterocephalus, 20. nigrognathum, 247, 272 (fig.), 274. novicia, Nudacotyle, 68. nipponense, 235, 241, 242, 247, 267, novo-zealandae, Callipallene, 275, 276. 268 (fig.), 316. nuda, Pegadomyia, 190, 209. noctum, 271. Nudacotyle novicia, 63. oculospinum, 247, 272 (fig.). nudicauda, Melitoma, 461. ohshimai, 235, 241, 242, 247, 266 Nyctipithecus commersonii, 406. (fic. ) 267, 316. _ ; : felinus, 402, 406. ip tae A : Riranhae 406. orientale, 242. ae ixellae, 242, 246, 271. lemurinus, 405, 408. pixellae, a rufipes, 403, 405. procerum, 270, 271. villosus, 406. profundum, 242, 247, 270 (fig.), 271. vociferans, 405. quadrispinum, 270 (fig.), 274. 544 Nymphon striatum, 234, 235, 241, 242, 246, 273, 318-321. turritum, 247, uniunguiculatum, 235, 241, 242, 247, 263 (fig.), 265, 267, 315, 316, 321. variatum, 242, 271, 272 (fig.). Nymphonella, 239, 286. tapetis, 236, 286. Nymphopsis muscosa, 236, 288 (fig.). obscuripennis, Xylocopa, 484. obscuripes, Hoplogryon, 97. obscurus, Trimorus, 101, 139. occidentalis, Ceresa, 515. Micrutalis, 498. Polybia, 480. Spissistilus, 514, 515. ochraceus, Oryzomys, 54. ochrinus, Oryzomys barbacoas, 50, 54. ocotlanae, Chirostoma, 31. Ocotlanichthys, 31. oculatus, Polistes, 430. oculospinum, Nymphon, 247, 272 (fig.). Ocybadistes marnas, 164, 185. Odontesthes, 3, 4, 9, 44, 46, 47. bonariensis, 44. perugiae, 9, 44, 46. Odontomyia, 191. finalis, 195. maculata, 193. Oecomys, 54. Oedipomidas, 409-411, 414, 418. geoffroyi, 416. leucopus, 419. martinsi, 422. oedipus, 414. Salaquiensis, 416. spixi, 416. oedipus, Leontopithecus, 414. Markina (Oedipomidas), 409, 414— 416, 420. Midas, 416. Oedipomidas, 414. Simia, 414, 418. Simia [Midas], 414. Oedipus, 414. geoffroyi, 414. titi, 414, 416, 418, 421. oeta, Hurema hecabe, 180. Terias hecabe, 180. ogilbyi, Pranesus, 23. ohshimai, Nymphon, 235, 241, 242, 247, 266 (fig.), 267, 316. Oligoryzomys, 54. olivacea, Dasiapis, 462. olivaceus, Cebus, 380, 331, 332, 335, 340, 348, 344, 348. Cebus apella, 382, 348. Cebus nigrivittatus, 332, 348. Omicron, 431. Oncomelania, 57, 58, 60-65. formosana, 60. hupensis, 60-62. nosophora, 58, 60, 61, 64, 65. quadrasi, 60-62, 64. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 opacellus, Heterosarus, 436. orbiculare, Tanystylum, 240, 298. orbonalis, Leucinodes, 70, 71, 74. oregonia, Atherinops, 48. Orestias, 216. oribazi, Thygater, 469. orientale, Nymphon, 242. orientalis, Achelia echinata, 314, 318. orizabaensis, Trigona (Partamona) testacea, 490. orizabi, Thygater, 469. ornata, Parantonae, 499. Oroconectes, 65. Oryzomys, 49, 50, 54-56. aphrastus, 56. barbacoas, 50, 54. barbacoas ochrinus, 50, 54. ochraceus, 54. oseryi, Aotus, 401. Osmia, 450. erythrotricha, 450. Otalia, 30, 31. otomita, Exomalopsis, 453, 454. Megachile (Chelostomoides), 450. otomitus, Stenodynerus, 431. ovalaua, Atherina, 23. ovatus, Lecythorhynchus, 396. Oxytrigona, 490. pacanda, Chirostoma estor, 31. pacator, Leontocebus, 413. Pachodynerus nasidens, 431. pachylepis, Atherinichthys, 28. Thyrinops, 28, 30. pacificus, Tortistilus, 507, 508, 510. Pallene, 275. Pallenopsis, 234, 237, 239, 275. fluminensis, 275. mollissima, 235, 237, 238 (fig.), 277, 279 (fig.), 316, 317. profunda, 279 (fig.), 280. stylirostre, 235, 237, 278, 279 (fig.), 316. tydemani, 235, 237, 277, 279 (fig.), 280, 316. virgatus, 235, 237, 277, 279 (fig.), old. palliata, Alouatta, 382, 384-887, 393. 395 (fig.), 396, 398, 399. pallidifrons, Centris inermis, 479. pallidipennis, Lophoteles, 212. pallidipes, Trimorus, 98, 111. Xenomerus, 111. palliditecta, Exomalopsis rufitecta, 454. palmeri, Ceresa, 493, 506. Stictocephala, 502, 504. Palmichthys, 30, 31. palmipes, Nectomys squamipes, 53. Pamphila marnas, 185. moseleyi, 186. pampicola, Nomada, 457. panamensis, Atherinella, 28. panatela, Atherina, 23. Panurginus costaricensis, 436, 487. parvulus, 486, 437. INDEX Papilio agamemnon, 183. agamemnon admiralis, 184. bolina, 169. codrus auratus, 164, 183. crocale, 181. leda, 166. macfarlanei admiralis, 183. misppus, 169. phestus reductus, 182. phocides, 180. plexippus, 178. polydorus manus, 182. polydorus utuanensis, 182. priamus admiralitatis, 164, 181. ulysses, gahrielis, 164, 165, 183. weymeri, 182. Papilionidae, 181. Parachartergus apicalis, 481. Paragonimus, 59 (fig.), 68, 64. kellicotti, 59 (fig.), 68-65. westermanii, 64. Paragryon, 92, 97. columbianus, 105. fumipennis, 144. paraguayanus, Cebus, 331, 348, 344, 348. parallelina, Eulalia, 193. Parantonae, 494, 496, 497, 499. binodosa, 499. dipteroides, 499. hispida, 499. ornata, 499. Paranymphon, 239. Paraugochloropsis, 442. Parazetes auchenicus, 291, 292. pubescens, 294. Parnara parvimacula, 185. Partamona, 490. Parthenos sylvia admiralia, 165, 170. sylvia couppii, 170. parva, Micrutalis calva, 498. parvimacula, Baoris, 185. Parnara, 185. parvulus, Panurginus, 4386, 487. Paspalum, 228. Patagonia, 42. hatcheri, 42. Patagonina, 42. Pate, V. S. L., on new pemphilidine wasps from southern Nigeria, 149. pebilis, Mystax nigrifrons, 413. pectinata, Callipallene, 277. pediculata, Ropronia, 85, 86, 87 (fig.), 89. Pegadomyia, 207, 209. glabra, 209. nuda, 190, 209, pruinosa, 209. pegasis, Seniocebus, 419. peléni, Anthophora, 471. Melissodes, 464, 465. Xylocopa, 483. peninsulae, Chirostoma, 32. Menidia, 32. pennsylvanica, Prosacantha, 134. pennsylvanicus, Hoplogryon, 134. Trimorus, 101, 134. 545 Pentacantha, 93. Peponapis, 467. perarmata, Arnoldita, (fig.). perarmatus, Thyreopus (Tracheliodes), 156, 159. perconcinna, Exomalopsis (Anthopho- rula), 454, 455. percurrens, Trimorus, 99, 116, 117. Periclista, 89. perilampoides, Trigona testaceicornis, 490. perplezans, Melissodes, 463. perplexus, Colletes, 481. Persea bordonia, 228. perseus, Mycalesis, 166. persimilis, Melissodes, 463. perspicuus, Trimorus, 102, 145, 147. peruanus, Cebus fatuellus, 374. perugiae, Odontesthes, 9, 44, 46. peruviana, Megachile (Chelostomo- ides), 450. pervigilis, Aotus, 401, 406-408. petiolatus, Trimorus, 100, 180. petreae, Centris (Melanocentris), 475 476. Phallostethidae, 2. phlias, Gryon, 91. phocides, Bindahara, 164, 180. Papilio, 180. phoreas, Taenaris, 167. Phoxargyrea, 382. dayi, 32. Phoxichilidium, 280, 281. femoratum, 280, 319. gestiens, 284. horribilis, 235, 283, 285 (fig.), 315. micropalpidum, 283. mollissimum, 277. ungellatum, 281 (fig.), 315, 316, Ble (p pictus, Trimorus, 99, 119. Pieridae, 180. Pigrogromitus robustus, 239. pileata, Marikina pileata, 413. pinguis, Atherina, 23. Pranesus, 25 (fig.). Pisciregia, 47. beardsleei, 47. Pithecia, 332, 348. hirsuta, 402. leucocephala, 345, 368. pixellae, Nymphon, 242, 246, 271. placidus, Halictus, 447. Plebeia, 489. Plebejus meiranganus, 178. pleei, Cebus albifrons, 351 (fig.), 360, 362-364, 390. pleuralis, Hoplogryon, 129. Prosacantha, 129. Trimorus, 100, 129. plexippus, Danaus, 164. Danaus plexippus, 1738. Papilio, 1738. plumieri, Duranta, 4738, 474, 478, 479. plumula, Lophoteles, 191, 213. 158, 159, 162 (Oxytrigona) 546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 pluto, Marikina, 413. Proleucinodes, 71, 79, 80, 82. Poblana, 3, 18, 32. lucealis, 81. alchichica, 32. melanoleuca, 80, 81. poecila, Centris (Cyanocentris), 473, xylopastalis, 80. 479, promelas, Chirostoma, 30, 31. Polistes canadensis, 430. Propallene, 275. carnifex, 430. longiceps, 235. fuscatus neotropicus, 430. Propentacantha, 93. instabilis, 430. prophetica, Neoleucinodes, 72, 76, 78, 79. major, 430. Prosacantha, 91, 93, 97, 105, 184, 140. oculatus, 430. americana, 97. politus, Halictus, 446. annulicornis, 129. Polybia occidentalis, 430. bilineata, 139. occidentalis spilonota, 431. brachyptera, 103. simillima, 430. californica, 97, 182. Polygonia, 171. columbiana, 125. Polygyra, 63. erythropus, 114. Polynemidae, 2. flavicoxa, 126. Polyommatus labradus, 177. fuscipennis, 126. pomatiopsidis, Cercaria, 63. gracilicornis, 97, 147. Pomatiopsis, 58, 60, 61, 64, 65. laevifrons, 136, 137. binneyi, 66. levis, 136. californica, 66. linellii, 97, 148. chacei, 66. macrocera, 97, 148. cincinnatiensis, 66. marylandica, 121. hinkleyi, 66. melanopus, 142. lapidaria, 57, 58, 59 (fig.), 60, 61 minutissima, 97, 148. (fig.), 63-66. nigripes, 127. praelonga, 66. pennsylvanica, 134. robusta, 66. pleuralis, 129. sayana, 66. punctiventris, 128. sealaris, 66. pusilla, 125. Pomatiopsis lapidaria, potential host of schwarzii, 97, 144. oriental schistosomiasis in North striatifrons, 122. America, 57. striativentris, 124. popenoei, Anthophora, 470. utahensis, 102. Poppea, 496, 499. xanthognatha, 97, 131. Potos, 402. Prosacanthus caraborum, 128. flavus, 402. proscriptus, Agapostemon, 437, 438. praelonga, Pomatiopsis, 66. Prosopis, 482. Pranesella, 20. albifrontella, 482. endorae, 20. gualanica, 433. Pranesus, 2, 8, 23. maculata, 433. insularum, 21 (fig.). rufoclypeata, 433. ogilbyi, 23. zamoranica, 433. aaa eae Prostomomyia atronitens, 202. piney) (oe) Protistius, 41, 47 Precis, 168. he aes semotilus, 47. Protrimorus americanus, 91. providens, Halictus, 445. proxima, Centris, 478. hedonia admiralitatis, 167. vellida bismarkiana, 164, 167. Prepona, 171. presbyter, Atherina, 17. pruinosa, Pegadomyia, 209. pribilofensis, Achelia, 235, 287, 317. Pseudocentron, 450. Ammothea, 287. Pseudopallene, 239. pribilovensis, Ammothea (Achelia), 287. | Pseudopanurgus, 485. prietana, Megachile (Pseudocentron), rufosignatus, 435. 450. sage aarti) A a 46 a - iheringi, 44, g.), 46. ae ; ee on, 270, 271. Dean Cee Halictus (Seladonia), profunda, Ammothella, 235, 289, 290 Ptecticus, 196, 197. (fig.), 317. isabelensis, 188, 197. profunda, Pallenopsis, 279 (fig.), 280. longipennis, 196, 197. Profundulus, 216. longipennis salomonensis, 196, 197. profundum, Nymphon, 242, 247, 270 repensans, 188, 197. (fig.), 271. salomonensis, 188, 196, 197. INDEX Pterandrena, 433. pteridis, Hoplogryon, 136, 137. Ptilocera, 202, 204. bergi, 189, 202, 204. bergi flavescens, 189, 204. Ptiloglossa, 431. buchwaldi, 4382. ducalis, 432. eximia, 432. hondurasica, 431. mayarum, 431, 432. mexicana, 482. wilmattae, 482. pubescens, Parazetes, 294. pucherani, Cebus, 329, 331. pucheranii, Cebus, 344, 346. pulchella, Exomalopsis, 452. pulchellus, Trimorus, 101, 140. pulchricornis, Trimorus, 98, 104. punctatus, Atherinichthys, 22. punctiger, Trimorus, 101, 135. punctithoraz, Trimorus, 98, 108. punctiventris, Hoplogryon, 128. Prosacantha, 128. Trimorus, 100, 128. purillus, Leontocebus, 413. purpureipennis, Xylocopa, 484. puruensis, Alouatta, 385. pusilla, Prosacantha, 125. pusillum, Pycnogonum, 306, pusillus, Hoplogryon, 125. Trimorus, 100, 125. Pycnogonida collected by the Albatross in Japanese waters, 233. Pycnogonum, 294, 303. benokianum, 236, 304, 305 (fig.), 306. buticulosum, 236, 305 (fig.), 308 (fig.), 317. crassirostre, 307. littorale, 237, 303, 307. magellanicum, 307. pussillum, 306. rickettsi, 307. stearnsi, 236, 237, 238, 304, 307, 309. tenue, 236, 303, 305 (fig.), 307, 308 (fig.), 315, 316. ungellatum, 236-238, 304-307, 308 (fig.)., 309, 315. Pycnosoma strongylocentroti, 235, 2388 239, 021. quadrasi, Oncomelania, 60-62, 64. quadrispinum, Chaetonymphon, 274. Nymphon, 270 (fig.), 274. Quercus marilandica, 228. myrtifolia, 228. virginiana, 228. radiatus, Agapostemon, 437. ramipes, Ascorhynchus, 236, 291, 292. Gnamptorhynchus, 292. randi, Craterocephalus, 20. raphaelis, Melissodes, 463. redhibens, Sargus, 198. reductus, Papilio phestus, 182. 547 regalimimus, Ceratina, 482. regalis, Ceratina, 482. regani, Hlopsarum, 31. regia, Atherina, 42. Austromenidia, 29 (fig.), 48. regillus, Basilichthys, 42. regina, Atherina, 23. regis, Atherinops, 48. repensans, Ptecticus, 188, 197. Sargus, 197. repentinus, Trimorus, 99, 124. reticulatus, Trimorus, 101, 148. Rhabdophaga rosaria, 92. Rheoclinae, 1. rhodesiana, Encopognathus (Encopog- nathus), 150, 152. rhodesianus, Encopognathus (Encopog- nathus), 152. Rhodocentris, 476-479. Rhopalorhynchus krgyeri, 244. rhothophilus, Tropidostethus, 25, 26. ribbei, Danaida juventa, 1738. Danaus juventa, 178. rickettsi, Pycnogonum, 307. rissoi, Atherina, 18. Hepsetia, 18 (fig.), 21 (fig.), 25 (fig.). Rivas, Luis René, on cyprinodont fishes of the genus Fundulus in the West Indies, with description of a new subspecies from Cuba, 215. roberti, Aotus trivirgatus, 401. robusta, Centris, 479. robusta, Centris (Rhodocentris), 478. robusta, Pomatiopsis, 66. robustum, Boreonymphon, 242. robustus, Ateles fusciceps, 381. Cebus, 382. Pigrogromitus, 239. robustus, Trimorus, 98, 110. Ropronia, 85, 86, 89. ashmeadii, 89. brevicornis, 86, 87 (fig.), 88. californica, 86, 87 (fig.), 88. garmani, 86, 87 (fig.). pediculata, 85, 86, 87 (fig.), 89. Roproniidae, serphoid Hymenoptera of the family, 85. Roptronia garmani, 86. rosalia, Leontocebus, 416, 423, 424. Simia, 423. rosaria, Rhabdophaga, 92. rotundatus, Spissistilus, 514, 515. Stictocephala, 515. ruae, Centris (Melanocentris) , 474, 475. Halictus, 446. Ruba, 200. tarsalis, 189, 200. rubicunda, Alouatta, 387, 390. rubricata, Thygater, 469. rubripes, Trimorus, 99, 100. Trimorus rubripes, 100, 122. rufapicatus, Heriades, 449. rufimanus, Midas, 411, 412. rufipes, Hoplogryon, 109. 110. Nyctipithecus, 403, 405. 548 rujfitecta, Hxomalopsis, 454, 462. rufiventer, Jacchus, 412. rufiventris, Ateles, 381, rufocaudatus, Heriades, 449. rufocinctus, Trimorus, 100, 130. rufoclypeata, Prosopis, 433. rufocoxralis, Trimorus rubripes, 99, 123. rufomaculata, Centris, 476. rufoniger, Midas, 418. rufopicta, Centris petreae, 475. rufosignatus, Hoplogryon, 109. rufosignatus, Pseudopanurgus, 435. rufosignatus, Trimorus, 98, 109. rufoventer, Midas, 412. rugosopunctata, Encopognathus copognathus), 150, 151. rugosopunctatus, Encopognathus, 150. Thyreopus (Hncopognathus), 150. rugosus, Epeolus, 459. russulus, Nectomys alfari, 49, 53. Rygchium cordovae, 431. (Melanocentris) (En- saemias, Jamides, 177. saguanus, Fundulus grandis, 215, 217- PPA Saguinus ursula, 412. Sai, 330. Saimiri, 348, 345. sciureus, 418. salaquiensis, Oedipomidas, 416. salazari, Epicharis, 480. Salduba, 206, 212. diphysoides, 212. lugubris, 190, 212. singularis, 212. Saldubella vittipennis, 212. sallei, Archomenidia, 34. Atherinichthys, 27, 28. salomonensis, Ptecticus, 188, 196, 197. Ptecticus longipennis, 196, 197. salomonis, Melanitis leda, 166. Sapajus, 845. Saphara ursula, 176. sara, Alouatta seniculus, 385. sardina, Atherina, 47. Melaniris, 29. Sargus, 198. flaviventris, 199. mactans, 188, 198, metallinus, 198. redhibens, 198. repensans, 197. saturatus, Nectomys, 49, 51, 54. Nectomys squamipes, 51. Satyrinae, 166. sayana, Pomatiopsis, 66. scalaris, Pomatiopsis, 66. Seaura, 490. Schistosoma, 64. japonicum, 57, 64, 65. Schistosomiasis, oriental, America (Pomatiopsis lapidaria), a potential snail host of, 57. schrottkyi, Epicharis, 480. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 Schultz, Leonard P., on a revision of six subfamilies of atherine fishes, with descriptions of new genera and species, 1. schwarzii, Hoplogryon, 144. Prosacantha, 97, 144. Trimorus, 102, 144. seciurea, Callithrix, 414. sciureus, Saimiri, 418. Sciurus variabilis, 390. Scolytus, 92. scoparius, Andropogon, 228. sculpturatus, Trimorus, 100, 129. Seladonia, 444, 445. semichalcea, Augochlora, 439. semicrema, Acutalis tartarea, 498. semotilus, Protistius, 47. senex, Aotus, 401. Arnoldita, 158, 159, 162 (fig.). Crabro, 159. Thyreopus (Tracheliodes), 159. seniculus, Alouatta, 382, 384-888, 390, 393, 396, 398, 399. Alouatta seniculus, 384, 398, 394 (fig.), 398. Simia, 384, 385. Seniocebus, 409, 410, 418. bicolor, 418, 421. martinsi, 422. meticulosus, 414. pegasis, 419. serripes, Caenohalictus, 448. shattucki, Stelis, 449. shortlandica, Cephrenes moseleyi, 165, 186. sieculum, Chirostoma, 28. sicculus, Labidesthes, 28, 29 (fig.). sicheli, Agapostemon, 443. Caenohalictus, 443. Sigmodontomys, 54. silvaticus, Trimorus, 101, 132, 148. silvestriana, Trigona (Trigona), 488. Simia albifrons, 349, 370, 371, 424. apella, 340. appella, 835. eapucina, 338-336, 345-347, 371. capucinus albulus, 345, 346. (Sapajus) capucinus albulus, 336, 337 flavia, 331, 332, 336, 337, 341, 345. geoffroyi, 418. hypoleuca, 337, 338, 349, 354. leonina, 425, 424. midas, 411. oedipus, 414, 418. [Midas] Oedipus, 414. rosalia, 423. seniculus, 384, 385. (Sapajus) trepidus fulvus, 340. trivirgata, 400, 401. similis, Fundulus, 216. Hoplogryon, 140. in North] similis, Tortistilus trilineatus, 510, 511. similis, Trimorus, 140. simillima, Polybia, 430. Simiolus ceylonicus, 342. INDEX 549 stercusmuscarum, Craterocephalus, 20. Stictocephala, 491, 492, 496, 497, 499- simplicior, Huploea nobilis, 174. simplicipes, Megachile, 450. singularis, Salduba, 212. sisymbriifolium, Solanum, 75. smaragdina, Augochlora, 441. Exaerete, 486. Smilia, 506, 510. diceros, 506. inermis, 510. Snail host, a potential, of oriental schis- tosomiasis in North America (Poma- tiopsis lapidaria), 57. soemias, Jamides, 177. Jamides bochus, 177. Solanum melongena, 70, 75. sisymbriifolium, 75. torvum, 78. solidaginis, Exomalopsis, 4538. solitarius, Hyplogyron, 106. Trimorus, 98, 106. Solomon Islands, flies of the family Stratiomyidae of the, 187. solomonensis, Hvaza, 211. Eyvaza solomonensis, 190, 211. sonorae, Atherinopsis, 48. sphyraena, Chirostoma, 30, 31. Sphyraenidae, 2. spilognathus, Melissodes, 468. spilonota, Polybia occidentalis, 431. 501, 506, 507. abnorma, 501, 502, 504, 505. albescens, 501, 502, 505. basalis, 502, 505. borealis, 503-505. brevicornis, 502, 503, 505. brevis, 502, 505. brevitylus, 502, 505. brevitylus dolichotylus, 505. bubalus, 502, 505, 509. collinus, 510. eonstans, 503. cornuta, 491. eornutus, 515. curvata, 501-5038, 506. diceros, 501, 502, 506. diminuta, 501, 502, 506. dubius, 515. elongata, 511. festina, 492, 501. festinus, 515. franciscanus, 515. fulgida, 511. gillettei, 511, 518. illinoiensis, 503, 506. inermis, 510. juniperina, 518. spinosa, Achelia, 2388. Endeis, 237. Spissistilus, 496, 497, 511, 518, 517. constans, 514, 515. constans varians, 515. cornutus, 514. dubius, 514. femoratus, 514, 515. festinus, 513-515. festinus dubius, 515. festinus fuscus, 515, franciscanus nigricans, 515. fuscus, 514. nigricans, 514. occidentalis, 514, 515. rotundatus, 514, 515. uniformis, 514, 515. spixi, Oedipomidas, 416. spixii, Aotus, 401. Jacchus, 416. splendida, Wallacea, 208. squamipes, Nectomys, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55. starksi, Menidia, 41. subulatus, 516, 517. stearnsi, Pycnogonum, 236-238, 304, subulatus minutus, 517. 307, 309. trilineatus, 511. Stelis, 449. viridis, 511. shattucki, 449, stimulea, Ceresa, 506. vidalesi, 449. Stictocephala, 502, 506. Stelopolybia areata, 431. stipes, Atherina, 24. pallipes myrmecophila, 4381. Atherinomorus, 25 (fig.). Stenatherina, 2, 7, 20, 22, 23. straminea, Alouatta seniculus, 385, honoriae, 22. 394, 395 (fig.), 397 (fig.), 398, 399. temminckii, 18 (fig.), 21 (fig.), 22, | Stratiomyidae of Solomon Islands, flies P35) (Gi), of the family, 187. Stenodynerus, 431. Stratiomys nexura, 196. otomitus, 431. striatifrons, Hoplogryon, 122. Stentor araguato, 389, 390. Prosacantha, 122. chrysurus, 384, 389. striativentris, Trimorus, 99, 122. lutea, 492, 502, 506. militaris, 502, 504, 506. minutus, 517. nigricans, 515. pacifieus, 510. palmeri, 502, 504. rotundatus, 515. stimulea, 502, 506. substriata, 501, 502, 506. taurina, 502-504, 506. tauriniformis, 502, 504, 506. uniformis, 515. viridis, 513. wickhami, 511. Stictolobus, 492, 496, 497, 515, 517, 518. borealis, 516. borealis arcuatus, 517. delongi, 518. juniperinus, 518. lateralis, 510. minor, 516, 517. minutus, 516. 590 striativentris, Hoplogryon, 124. Prosacantha, 124. striatum, Nymphon, 234, 235, 241, 242, 246, 273, 318-321. striopunctatus, 'Trimorus, 98, 111. Strombus, 62. strongylocentroti, Pycnosoma, 235, 238 (fig.), 289, 321. stylatus, Anisostylus, 512, 518. stylirostre, Pallenopsis, 235, 237, 278, 279 (fig.), 316. subapterus, Trimorus, 98, 109. subaurea, Bulalia awreovestis, 188, 192. subgrisescens, Marikina imperator, 412. subnobilis, Euploea, 174. subobscura, Eulalia, 188, 195. subpersa, Mycalesis, 166. Mycalesis perseus, 165, 166. subrufa, Formica, 92. substriata, Stictocephala, 501, 502, 506. subsuleima, Thysonotis, 179. subtarsata, Centris (Rhodocentris) lanipes, 476, 477. subulata, Membracis, 516. subulatus, Stictolobus, 516, 517. Succinea, 63. sulcatus, Hoplogryon, 113. Trimorus, 98, 113. superba, Achelia, 235, 287, 316. Ammothea, 287. surinama, Synoeca, 431. surinamensis, Euglossa, 485. Symphoricarpos, 503. Syncera, 64. Synoeca surinama, 431. surinama cyanea, 431. Syntarucus manusi, 164, 177. syrichta, Cebus, 336. Taenaris phoreas, 167. phoreas uranus, 165, 167. Taeniomembras, 2, 7, 17, 20, 22. tamarensis, 21. Taeniomembrasinae, 7, 17, 19, 24. Tagiades inconspicua, 184. tamarensis, Taeniomembras, 21. tamarin, Cebus, 411. Marikina (Tamarin), 412. Tamarin, 409, 410, 411. (Oedipomidas) bicolor, 421. (Oedipomidas) martinsi, 422. négre, 412. Tanystylum, 234, 296. anthomasthi, 236, 297 (fig.). orbiculare, 240, 298. tapetis, Nymphonella, 236, 286. tarrensis, Nectomys squamipes, 51, 53. tarsalis, Ruba, 189, 200. tarsata, Centris, 477. tartarea, Acutalis, 498. tatarica, Achelia gracilipes, 314. tatei, Nectomys squamipes, 52. taurina, Ceresa, 506. Enchenops, 506. Membracis, 506. Stictocephala, 502-504, 506. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 98 tauriniformis, Stictocephala, 502, 504, 506. Tealia crassicornis, 307. digitata, 307. Teleas, 92, 97. temminckii, Atherina, 20. Stenatherina, 18 (fig.), 21 (fig.), Pepa) (Gita) ye Tenaris anableps uranus, 167. tenue, Pycnogonum, 236, 303, 305 307, 308 (fig.), 315, 316. tenuicincta, Melissodes, 464. tenuicornis, Hoplogryon, 118. tenuicornis, Nomada, 456. tenuicornis, Trimorus, 99, 118. tenuimarginata, Melissodes, 464. tenuis, Atherinopsis, 44. Leuresthes, 9, 29 (fig.), 35 44, tepaneca, Coelioxys, 451. Terias hecabe oeta, 180. testaceus, Ceresa, 518. Vestistilus, 517, 518. Tetragona, 489. Tetragonisca, 489. Tetralonia, 467. costaricensis, 469. magnicornis, 465. texana, Hxomalopsis, 455. texanus, Trimorus, 101, 141. Texas, a new crayfish of the genus Cam- barus from, with notes on the dis- tribution of Cambarus fodiens (Cottle), 223. Thelia constans, 515. festinus, 515. lutea, 498, 501. thomasi, Midas, 412. Thopalorhynchus kr¢gyeri, 244. Thoracatherina, 23. Thrasymedes, 497. Thygater, 467, 469. albilabris, 469. cockerelli, 469. modesta, 469. nigravillosa, 469. oribazi, 469. orizabi, 469. rubricata, 469. zamoranica, 469. Thyreopus, 156. (Encopognathus) braueri, 150. (Encopognathus) brownei, 153. (Encopognathus) chirindensis, 152, 153. (Encopognathus) egregius, 153. (Encopognathus) granulatus, 153. (Encopognathus) rugosopunctatus, 150. (Tracheliodes) 156, 159. (Tracheliodes) senex, 159. Thyrina, 28, 30. erystallina, 29. evermanni, 28, 29. guija, 28, 30. meeki, 29. (fig.), (fig.), perarmatus, INDEX DO Thyrinops, 3, 4, 12, 28, 30, 34, 36. chagresi, 29, 30. colombiensis, 12, 29, 30. erystallina, 30. meeki, 30. pachylepis, 28, 30. Thysonotis dispar latifascia, 165, 179. hamilear, 179. hymetus manusi, 179. subsuleima, 179. tibialis, Hoplogryon, 133. titi, Oedipus, 414, 416, 418, 421. toluca, Leptergatis, 456. Tortistilus, 496, 497, 500, 501, 506, 507, alls) albidosparsus, 508, 510. albidosparsus albidosparsus, 509. albidosparsus bxbaliformis, 509, 510. eollinus, 507, 510. inermis, 506-508, 510. lateralis, 507, 510. minutus, 507, 508, 510. pacificus, 507, 508, 510. trilineatus, 507, 511. trilineatus caliperus, 509-511. trilineatus curvatus, 510, 511. trilineatus similis, 510, 511. trilineatus trilineatus, 509, 510. wickhami, 507, 508, 511. torvis, Neoleucinodes, 72, 77-79. torvum, Solanum, 78. totonacus, Humenes, 431. Townes, Henry, on serphoid Hymenop- tera of the family Roproniidae, 85. townsendi, Halictus, 448. Halictus ligatus, 448. Tracheliodes, 156, 158, 159. Tragopa ephippium, 498. transversa, Centris, 475. Treehoppers, a generic revision of the tribe Ceresini in America north of Mexico, based on a study of the male genitalia, 491. trepida, Cebus, 336. trepidus, Cebus, 330, 332-334. triangulifera, Ateles Beelzebuth, 380. triangulifera, Centris (Rhodocentris), 477. Trichaetipyga, 496, 497, 518. delongi, 518. infantalis, 518. juniperina, 518. tricuspidum, Anthidium, 448. Triepeolus, 460. antiguensis, 460. bilineatus, 460, 461. bilunatus, 461. flavofasciatus, 461. intrepidus, 460, mexicanus, 461. Trigona, 488. (Tetragona) acapulconis, 489. argyrea, 490. (Tetragona) clavipes, 489. (Tetragona) clavipes dorsalis, 489. (Trigona) corvina, 489. Trigona (Partamona) cupira, 490. (Plebeia) flavocineta, 489. (Trigona) fulviventris, 488. (Tetragona) jaty, 489. (Scaura) latitarsis, 490. (Plebeia) mosquito, 489. (Plebeia) mosquito droryana, 489. (Plebeia) mosquito frontalis, 489. (Trigona) nigerrima, 489. (Trigona) silvestriana, 488. (Partamona) testacea orizabaen- sis, 490. (Oxytrigona) testaceicornis peri- lampoides, 490. (Cephalotrigona) zexmeniae, 490. trigonoides, Centris, 477, trilineatus, Stictolobus, 511. Tortistilus, 507, 511. Tortistilus trilineatus, 509, 510. Trimorus, parasitic wasps of the genus in North America, 91. Trimorus, 91-98, 95 (fig.), 96, 97. amabilis, 102, 146. annulicornis, 100, 129. apterus, 97, 102. bethunei, 92, 147. bilineatus, 101, 139. brevicarinatus, 96, 101, 134. bruesi, 97, 103. brunneipes, 100, 125. californicus, 100, 182, 148. caraborum, 92, 100, 128. claripennis, 101, 133. clarus, 100, 181. columbianus, 100, 105, 125. ceoncinnus, 101, 134. crassellus, 98, 105. crassiceps, 98, 107, 109. crassicornis, 101, 133. crosbyi, 98, 114, 115 (fig.), distinctus, 99, 115. erythrogaster, 98, 118. erythropus, 98, 114. exilis, 98, 106, 107. finitimus, 98, 110. flavicoxa, 100, 126. flavocinctus, 100, 181. formosus, 97, 1038. fumipennis, 102, 144. fuscipennis, 100, 126. gracilicornis, 147. grandis, 97, 104, 105. improcerus, 99, 117, 119, 120. jucundus, 100, 127. kansasensis, 97, 99, 124. leonardi, 100, 128. lepidus, 102, 147. linellii, 148. lionotus, 99, 118, 119. longipennis, 101, 136. macrocerus, 148. marylandicus, 99, 121. melanopus, 97, 101, 142, 1438. minor, 101, 142. minutissimus, 148. minutus, 99, 117. 502 Trimorus monticola, 101, 134, 140. nanus, 101, 136. nigricova, 95 (fig.), 101, 187 (fig.). nigripes, 100, 127. nigrobrunneus, 102, 144. nitidus, 98, 106. notabilis, 99, 120. obscurus, 101, 139. pallidipes, 98, 111. pennsylvanicus, 101, 134. percurrens, 99, 116, 117. perspicuus, 102, 145, 147. petiolatus, 100, 130. pictus, 99, 119. pleuralis, 100, 129. pulchellus, 101, 140. pulchricornis, 98, 104. punctiger, 101, 135. punctithorag, 98, 108. punctiventris, 100, 128. pusillus, 100, 125. repentinus, 99, 124. reticulatus, 101, 148. robustus, 98, 110. rubripes, 99, 100. rubripes rubripes, 100, 122. rubripes rufocozalis, 99, 128. rufocinctus, 100, 130. rufosignatus, 98, 109. schwarzii, 102, 144. sculpturatus, 100, 129. silvaticus, 101, 132, 148. similis, 140. solitarius, 98, 106. striatifrons, 99. 122. striativentris, 99, 124. striopunctatus, 98, 111. subapterus, 98, 109. sulcatus, 98, 118. tenuicornis, 99, 118. teranus, 101, 141. utahensis, 97, 102. varius, 99, 120. vinctus, 101, 140. virginiensis, 101, 133. whittakeri, 101, 1388. xanthognathus, 100, 131. xanthopus, 100, 126. trinitatis, Cebus albifrons, (fig.), 379, 380. Cebus capucinus, 349, 379. tripartitus, Midas, 4138. Trissacantha, 92. trivirgata, Nocthora, 401. Simia, 400, 401. trivirgatus, Aotus, 401, 403 (fig.), 404, 407. Aotus trivirgatus, 401. Tropidostethinae, 8, 5, 24, 27. Tropidostethus, 3, 6, 26, 33. natalensis, 26. rhothophilus, 25, 26. tsingtaoensis, Ascorhynchus ramipes, 292. tsurugae, Atherina, 28. tuediae, Bolocera, 307. 350, 351 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 98 turritum, Nymphon, 247. tydemani, Pallenopsis, 235, 237, 277, 279 (fig.), 280, 316. typhlops, Anoplodactylus, 284. uhleri, Cambarus, 229. uisila, Atherina, 22, 23. Hypoatherina, 25 (fig.). umbracullela, Epicharis umbracullela, 481. umbrata, Marikina tamarin, 412. ungellatum, Phoxichilidium, 281 (fig.), 315-317. ungellatum, Pycnogonum, 236-238, 304— 307, 308 (fig.), 309, 315. unicolor, Cebus, 331-333, 336, 341, 342, 345, 349, 371-375, 377. Cebus albifrons, 341, 342, 351 (fig.), 372-374, 378. uniformis, Ceresa, 515. Jamides, 177. Spissistilus, 514, 515. Stictocephala, 515. uniunguiculata, Ammothella, 294. uniunguiculatum, Nymphon, 235, 241, 242, 247, 263 (fig.), 265, 267, 315, 316, S28 univitta, Adraga, 207. uranus, Taenaris phorcas, 165, 167. Tenaris anableps, 167. ursina, Alouatta, 390, 398. ursula, Euploea treitschkei, 176. Saguinus, 412. Saphara, 176. ursulus, Leontocebus, 409. Midas, 411. Urticina (Tealia) crassicornis, 307. uschakovi, Achelia, 319. usticauda, Anthophora, 470, 471. utahensis, Hoplogryon, 102. Prosacantha, 102. Trimorus, 97, 102. utuanensis, Papilio polydorus, 182. uyacanum, Anthidium, 448. uyacanus, Caenohalictus, 442, 445. uyacensis, Andrena, 484, 435. Halictus, 445. uyacicola, Halictus, 445. vaecca, Ceresa, 518. Vestistilus, 517, 518. vagans, Halictus, 444. vagrans, Chirostoma, 39, 40. Kirtlandia, 40. Membras, 40. Membras martinica, 39. Vagrans sinha admiralia, 171. vaigiensis, Atherina, 24. valenciennesii, Atherina, 23. Vanhornia, 85. vanhyningi, Labidesthes, 28. variabilis, Ceresa, 517, 518. Sciurus, 390. Vestistilus, 518. varians, Spissistilus constans, 515. variatum, Nymphon, 242, 271, 272 (fig.). INDEX variegatus, Cebus, 329, 332. varius, Trimorus, 99, 120. vau-flavus, Bombus, 486. velieana, Atherina, 24. venezuelae, Menidia, 33. versicolor, Cebus, 331, 332, 343, 344, 349, 363 Cebus albifrons, 351 (fig.), 368, 365, 368. Cebus capucinus, 363, 365, 372, 378, 379. Centris, 473, 479. vesta, Augochlora, 442. Megachile (Chrysosarus), 450. vestis, Megachile (Chrysosaurus), 450. Vestistilus, 496, 497, 517. ancora, 518. eurvicornis, 518. mexicanus, 518. nigrovittatus, 518. testaceus, 517, 518. vacea, 517, 518. variabilis, 518. vidalesi, Andrena, 484, 435. Stelis, 449. villosa, Atherina, 24. villosus, Aotus, 407. Nyctipithecus, 406. vinctus, Trimorus, 101, 140. virescens, Agapostemon, 438. virgatus, Pallenopsis, 235, 237, 277, 279 (fig), Sid: virginiana, Quercus, 228. virginiensis, Hoplogryon, 133, 134. Trimorus, 101, 133. viridinitens, Augochlora, 441. viridis, Anisostylus fulgidus, 513. Stictolobus, 511. vittipenis, Lophoteles, 191, 212. Saldubella, 212. vitulus, Ceresa, 500. Membracis, 493, 499, 500. vociferans, Aotus, 401, 405, 407. Nyctipithecus, 405. vomerina, Atherina, 30. Wagner, Warren Herbert, Jr., and David F. Grether, on butterflies of the Admiralty Islands, 163. wagneri, Hypolimnas antilope, 168. Wallacea, 208. argentea, 190, 208. splendida, 208. walshii, Anthophora, 470. Wasps, new pemphilidine, from south- ern Nigeria, 149. parasitic, of the genus Trimorus in North America, 91. Water rats (genus Nectomys), with supplemental notes on related forms, 49 weddelli, Marikina, 413. westermanii, Paragonimus, 64. West Indies, cyprinodont fishes of the genus Fundulus, with description of a new subspecies from Cuba, 215. 503 weymeri, Papilio, 182. whitneyi, Evaza solomonensis, 190, 211. whittakeri, Trimorus, 101, 188. wickhami, Stictocephala, 511. Tortistilus, 507, 508, 511. wilmattae, Bombus, 486, 487. Centris, 473. wilmattae, Coelioxys, 451. Exomalopsis, 454. Ptiloglossa, 432. wilmattae, Xylocopa, 488, 484. wilsoni, Achelia, 289. woodwardi, Atherina, 23. canthaspis, Nomada limata, 457, 458. xanthognatha, Prosacantha, 97, 181. xanthognathus, Hoplogryon, 131. Trimorus, 100, 131. xanthogrammica, Cribrina, 307. ranthopus, Trimorus, 100, 126. xanthosternos, Cebus, 332. Xanthoxylum claca-herculis, 228. Xenatherina, 3, 11, 28, 33. Xenoglossa, 467. Xenoglossodes, 467. Xenomelaniris, 3, 18, 38. brasiliensis, 29 (fig.), 33, 35 (fig.). Xenomerus, 92. pallidipes, 111. Xylocopa, 482. fabricii, 483, 484. fimbriata, 483. frontalis, 483, 484. loripes, 482, 483. morio, 483. obscuripennis, 484, peléni, 483. purpureipennis, 484. wilmattae, 483, 484. xylopastalis, Leucinodes, 80. Proleucinodes, 80. Yoma algina manusi, 165, 170. yuracus, Cebus albifrons, 351 (fig.), 375, 376. zamoranella, Anthophora, 471, 472. zamoranensis, Epicharis, 480. zamoranica, Augochlora, 441. Nomada, 457, 458. Prosopis, 4383. Thygater, 469. zamoranicum, Anthidium, 448. zamoranicus, Halictus, 446. Heterosarus, 4386. zapoteca, Megachile 450. zexmeniae, Exomalopsis, 452. Trigona (Cephalotrigona), 490. Zinnia, 174. zirahuen, Chirostoma, 31. Elopsarum bartoni, 31. Zizera gaika, 176. labradus, 164, 177. Zizula gaika, 164, 176. zonalis, Aotus, 401, 402, 404, 405. (Cressoniella) , O , eta he Ag He Ope a, 7 murat le wt he oli ty i idetibate 4 - wa Petyce, SOR DR safe aa} uty : a rvs alk, BT i SiXieie) » a | Py og . uA lt, AAR ‘y ETO: 13 td ie ey yey) nie bug goes leg tniaos rae “leh vee Bite! tgolir +) eae x of Ah. YrA ying OH an? i curve} ws (by 9 , i OBS agian it f vt EsORL! ; } 4) +a AT A fiero 7. hig ca tip Lh | ab ihn san fl vat Palio” aid nA | Ae daerhers aah! Pata ayt ae itorwin, errant he tang sii brons SORE herder) wary eoljiane (eens 1%) ALS TEE eens eke ail ivin eid GIR Rut uy ecetre 4 baal t a 5 Mihh A unhiest sue x | tin ek : F vat, *. 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